vi Missourl1 Botanical Garden JANUARY / FEBRUARY 1989 THE HECKMAN BINDERY, INC. N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA MATT VOLUME LXXVIl NUMBER ONE a Inside This Issue 5 Julian A. Steyermark gag =A beloved friend and colleague is remembered. Gardening at the Garden ggg Conifers are defined, and notable Garden specimens are discussed. St. Louis Award gm =r. Raven was honored by civic leaders and philanthropists. Home Gardening mm =Even the coldest months offer activities for home gardeners. 9 Tropicos ggg =A history and description of the Garden's innovative database system. 10 Ask the Answer Service @@m@ Solutions to your gardening problems. a Calendar of Events Lectures, the Orchid Show, and lots of special activities make winter a delightful season. From the Membership Office Welcome to our 50th anniversary year. 14 in 20 Behind the Scenes mete A new assistant director of the Garden and a new director of horticulture are named. Tributes @@mm Friends and family are honored with a gift to the Garden. On the cover: The Garden library in the John S. Lehmann Building. — Photo by Pat Watson © 1989 Missouri Botanical Garden. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published bi-monthly by the Missoun Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, MO. Subscription price $12.00 per year. $15.00 foreign. The BULLETIN is sent to every Member of the Garden as one of the benefits of membership. For a contribution of as little as $40 per year, Members also are entitled to: free admission to the Garden, Shaw Arboretum, and Tower Grove House; invitations to special events and receptions; announcements of all lectures and classes; discounts in the Garden Gate Shop and for course fees; and the opportunity to travel, domestic and abroad, with other Members. For information, please call (314) 577-5100. Postmaster: send address changes to Susan Wooleyhan, editor, BULLETIN, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. The Centennial Year A century ago the responsibility for the care and guid- ance of the Missouri Botanical Garden was placed in the hands of the Board . of Trustees. During this past hundred years, the Cilen has flourished and developed into one of the finest institu- tions of its kind. It has a strong and vital Board providing exceptional leadership, and one of the largest memberships of any botanical garden in the world. Entering the third year of the capital campaign, an effort which will offer new and renovated facilities at its conclusion, exemplary recognition must be given to the Garden Trustees and Members. Their willingness and eagerness to help guide and support the Garden has been the key to our success thus far. While new challenges lie ahead, it is obvious that the commitment of the Garden’s Trustees and Members will make it possible for our long-range plans to become a reality. 1989 also marks 50 years of Garden membership. This anniversary is espe- cially meaningful, as it honors the partici- pation of the St. Louis community in our threefold mission of botanical research, horticultural display, and environmental education. Activities throughout 1989 will focus on the significance of the Garden's past and the plans for its future. In the first part of the year, the beauty of orchids and spring flowers will trans- form the Orthwein Floral Display Hall into a magnificent showplace. In February a group of Garden members and friends will depart for Ecuador to explore one of the most spectacular regions of the world and to learn about the Garden’s research in that country. The remainder of the centennial year will feature the second Fragrance Fes- tival, a centennial trip to England (with a special emphasis on the Chatsworth area, which served as Henry Shaw’s inspiration for his own Garden) and our traditional Japanese Festival. On September 9, the Trustees and Members’ Board will host a Centennial Celebration Benefit. 1989 should prove to be a banner year as we work to complete our capital cam- paign and celebrate the vision of the next hundred years. Our past accomplish- ments have been many, and our future successes will be built upon the continued guidance, leadership and cooperation of the Trustees, Members and staff. This combination has proven to be especially powerful and will shape the future of this institution during the next century. My best to everyone in the new year. Crten ¥ Rave CEVTEMMAL 50)... Board a Trustees Years of Membership | 2 6:9 y 9. 8. y Missouri es, Garden Missouri Botanical Garden v WATCH FOR THESE logos throughout 1989 to herald the Garden's celebration of these important milestones. 1988 HENRY SHAW MEDAL Ghillean Tolmie Pr ANCE, B.A. M.A.,D. Phil. The Garden Fellows and Henry Shaw Associates, leading supporters of the Garden, awarded the Henry Shaw Medal to Professor Ghillean T. Prance at their annual dinner on Novem- ber 17 at the Ridgway Center. The Henry Shaw Medal has been awarded intermittently since 1893. It honors individuals who have made significant contributions to the Missouri Botanical Garden, botanical research, horticulture, conservation, or the museum community. Professor Prance was recognized for his distinguished studies in systematics, tropical ecology, and economic botany. As the new director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Prance is committed to providing leadership in searching for solutions to world-wide environmental crises. In a time when the future of our world depends upon current wisdom and clarity of vision, Professor Prance is a leader in the effort to preserve the world’s ecosystems and to protect our diminishing natural resources. Prance received his doctorate in botany at Keble College, Oxford. After joining The New York Botanical Garden in 1963 as a research assistant, he went on to become the B.A. Krukoff Curator of Amazonian Botany; director, then vice president of research; and finally senior vice president. In 1981 Prance began development of the organization’s Institute of Economic Botany, and he served as its first director. A prolific writer, he has published seven books and monographs, 130 scientific papers and 45 of a general nature. Prance has spent many years AM of course deeply honoured personally to have received the Henry Shaw Medal, but I also take it as a further sign of the long-standing collaboration between Missouri Botanical Garden and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and as an acknowledgement of the importance of the work which we are doing to address the current ecological crisis that the world is facing. I thank you for this honour which bears the name of the founding father of your great garden. I believe I am the fifth director of Kew to visit Missouri Botanical Garden; the first being Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1877, following the long correspondence between his father, William Jackson Hooker, the first official director of Kew, and Henry Shaw. Shaw wrote to William Hooker in 1856 for advice on how to found a public botanical garden. Hooker put Shaw in touch with Asa Gray and George J. Englemann and the trio continued to advise him until long after the garden was opened to the public in 1859. Hooker was most impressed by the difference between European government-sponsored botanical gardens and one that was founded by the vision of a private citizen that, as Hooker said, “is the gift of a public-spirited private gentleman.... Such a gift to one’s country, anyone may glory in.” However, I do not intend to dwell on history tonight, but rather to look at the present and the future of great botanical gardens of the world which we represent. Another reason for my pleasure at receiving this award 1s that one of the previous recipients was Dr. B. A. Krukoff, the Amazo- nian plant explorer and philanthropist of botany. Dr. Krukoff has Professor Prance (left) receives the Henry Shaw Medal from John H. Biggs, president of the Board of Trustees. working in the Brazilian Amazon. He has collected more than 30,000 species of plants from the area, including 300 new spe- cies, 50 of which were named after him. The following 1s the text of the speech Professor Prance deliv- ered at the Henry Shaw Dinner. linked our two gardens and The New York Botanical Garden together through his endowment of curatorships at each garden. As the first holder of the B. A. Krukoff Curatorship of Amazo- nian Botany at New York, I am delighted to be following in his footsteps here since he was a person who did great things for tropical botany. Our gardens are great and have a worldwide reputation because they are more than local city gardens. They have beau- tiful horticultural displays for the local publics to enjoy, but these are also a botanical collection from all over the world that we need for science and education, the two activities that make our gardens more than city parks. It may sometimes seem hard for you to understand why botanists from St. Louis, London, New York and many other northern cities are spending so much time in other parts of the world, especially the tropics. However, today the mission of our taxonomists who collect, classify into evolutionary sequence and name the plants of the world has become of even greater importance. Gardens such as ours with large herbaria, libraries and teams of taxonomists provide the basis for all other plant studies and plant uses. It is not possible to recollect a potential drug plant in the Amazon if it has not been identified and deposited in an herbarium. For a little more than the first centuries of existence of our gardens, our botanists and horticulturalists collected the plants of the world, motivated by a thirst for new knowledge and a desire to learn how evolution and continued on next page WE ARE FACED with the greatest loss of species that the world has ever experienced. There will only be hope if gardens such as ours continue to accelerate our work. ecosystems functioned. Today we are faced with an entirely dif- ferent situation, an ecological crisis of such dimensions that have never before been faced in the course of human history. There are few types of institutions that have the data to make a rational case for the future and can help to resolve the crisis, and one of these is botanical gardens. They are the repository of much of the information about plants, the organisms upon which all life depends because of their primary role in the energy chain through the process of photosynthesis. Today’s gardens cannot just collect plants to rescue them from pending extinction. They must target their scientific efforts to provide data for conserva- tion and the rational, sustainable use of plants in managed ecosystems, as well as preserving individual species from extinction. A few years ago, proponents of tropical rainforest conserva- tion such as Peter Raven were chided for even suggesting that fifty thousand square kilometers of tropical rainforest are cut down each year. However, due to improved remote sensing tech- niques with satellite data, we know that for the past two years, 50,000 square kilometers is a gross underestimate. In Brazil in the last two years, at least 80,000 square kilometers of primary rainforest were cut and burned. In 1987, a total of 204,000 square kilometers of Brazil was seen to be burning, some of it primary forest and some reburning of already cleared areas, and in 1988, the figure was 248,000 square kilometers. On August 27, 1987, a satellite passing over southern Amazonian Brazil picked up 6,803 individual points of fire and the photos show a huge plume of smoke rising up into the upper atmosphere. The rate of deforestation in Brazil alone is now 37 acres a minute (15 hec- tares). An area the size of Missouri Botanical Garden disappears every two minutes. And deforestation is by no means confined to Brazil. A recent report by Norman Myers showed that Indonesia is cutting nine thousand square kilometers a year. There is no doubt that deforestation has reached unprecedented rates, meaning that species extinction is increasing rapidly and that more and more land on poor tropical soils is becoming useless and unproductive. There is, however, some hope. [n an emotional television address to the nation on October 12, 1988, President Sarney of Brazil said that the satellite pictures of fires in Amazonia was the red light that had warned him. In his first speech on the environ- ment, the President announced sweeping measures to slow destruction of the Amazon forest such as the end of tax incen- tives to projects that cause deforestation and severe limitations on cattle raising projects. This is the result of national and inter- national pressure from individuals and environmental groups, as well as from international lending institutions that were reluctant to give new loans to Brazil until it improved its environmental record. Our actions, both scientific and as individuals, can make a difference. Even if we were not concerned by the loss of tropical species, all citizens of the world should be concerned about tropical rain- forest loss because it is having an influence on the whole biosphere. The greenhouse effect is no longer an unproven hypothesis, it is a fact. The New Scientist of 12th November read “The greenhouse effect is no longer controversial.... Most climatologists believe that the overall rise in temperature will be about three degrees centigrade in the next 50 years.” World cli- mate is undergoing a gradual increase in temperature because of the increase in carbon dioxide, methane and other gases that affect the penetration of light to the Earth. Worldwide climate patterns are shifting and sea levels are slowly rising. This is caused by two main factors: the burning of fossil fuel and the deforestation and burning of tropical rainforest. Drought in the midwest is not just a chance occurrence; it is something predicted by the climate changes of the greenhouse effect. It is, therefore, in the interest of us all to stem the cutting of tropical rainforest, to work ardently towards the conservation of energy to reduce fossil fuel use, and to seek alternative sources of energy from the sun, wind, water and tide. Never before has the inventory program of botanic gardens become so urgent. We are faced with the greatest loss of species that the world has ever experienced. Yet it is also the time when there has been a tendency to reduce centers of plants sys- tematics. We need more, not less tropical taxonomists today, and three institutions that are giving a lead by maintaining their active tropical research programs are Missouri Botanical Gar- den, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and The New York Botan- ical Garden. In order to respond to the crisis, we must know what species the forests contain and how they are distributed. Only systematists can do this work and it is of the utmost impor- tance that we maintain and increase our taxonomic workforce in the tropics. If there is to be any future for tropical rainforests and for the half of the world’s species which they harbor, it will be through a balance between conservation of natural ecosystems and rational, sustainable utilization of other areas. Botanists have a major role to play in both conservation and utilization programs for the tropics. The basic catalog of the species is essential to both fields but we must do more than just catalog. We must use our data as evidence for conservation and we must encourage active programs in economic botany, the study of useful plants, which is obviously an important subject in the home institution of Edgar Anderson, one of the earlier pioneers of this field. The incorporation of the 3.5 millionth specimen into the her- barium of Missouri Botanical Garden on July 8th, 1988, means that your institution ranks among the most important in the world. I am sure that, as a board, you worry about where to put all these specimens, but the job is still not complete! I urge you to continue to give the highest priority to the botanical inventory of the tropics. There will only be hope for many of the plant spe- cies of the world if gardens such as ours continue to accelerate our work in plant collecting and conservation. The effect will be much greater the more we pool our efforts and co-ordinate what we are doing. I therefore value the opportunity that this occasion has given to talk to your director and scientists about the many ways in which we can work together. —Ghillean T. Prance 4. eget IN MEMORIAM! Julian Alfred Steyermark, By George Yatskievych and Luther J. Raechal Members and friends of the Garden were saddened by the death of Dr. Julian Steyermark on Saturday, October 15, 1988. Steyermark was one of the Garden’s best known research botanists, famous locally and around the world for his botan- ical collections and publications, and for his strong support for conservation of the environment. Born in St. Louis on January 27, 1909, Julian Alfred Steyermark enrolled in 1925 in the Henry Shaw School of Botany, a cooperative program between the Garden and Washington University, where he received A.B. (1929), M.S. (1930), and Ph. D. (1933) degrees. He also earned a M.A. degree (1931) from Harvard Univer- sity. During his early years at the Garden, Julian indulged his other great love, paint- ing watercolors of native flora and plants in the Garden’s orchid collection. At that time he began collecting herbarium speci- ch id ¥ 1909-1988 plant species in Venezuelan Guayana. This task remains for his friends and col- leagues to complete. Bruce Holst, project coordinator for the Flora of Venezuelan Guayana, said, “It was a real thrill and a tremendous learning experience to work in the field with Julian. He really had an ‘eagle eye’ for spotting plants, and if you didn’t see something that he did, he would let you know it... Field work was very special for Julian. He never took any ‘vacation, he went on field trips instead. He was Just so excited about collecting plants, it was impossible not to be caught up by his enthusiasm. He always likened collecting to a ‘treasure hunt’! Even with his two artificial hips, he would plow through brush, crawl over and under logs, fall down, laugh about it and push on...” Steyermark received numerous hon- ors during his eventful life, including awards and citations from the govern- ments of Guatemala and Venezuela, and emp, bbe ae is mens in Missouri and other states, and by graduation in 1933 he had already sur- passed the quantity most botanists collect in a lifetime. 132,223 1s the last number in Julian Steyermark’s collecting book. He described more than 1,000 new species of plants during his career. the Garden’s Henry Shaw Medal in 1979 (see page 3). That same year, the Ozark Chapter of the Sierra Club awarded him a special citation for his conservation After college, Steyermark assisted Robert Woodson, a research botanist at the Garden. This led to his first tropical expedition, a collecting trip to Panama in 1934. He then taught high school in the St. Louis area for two years before moving to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago as an Assistant Curator. For the next 21 years Steyermark worked on the Flora of Guatemala and other tropical projects during the week, but continued his Mis- souri studies in his spare time. A revealing and delightful look at those weekend expeditions from Chicago to the wilds of Mis- souri was provided by his wife, Cora, in her book, Behind the Scenes, published by the Garden in 1984 (and still available in the Garden Gate Shop). These efforts culminated in the massive Flora of Missouri (1963). This widely acclaimed manual is often referred to as the state’s “botanical bible” and has sold out six printings. During World War II, Steyermark was sent to South America as part of the government’s program to locate new botanical sources for quinine. At that time he first visited the Venezuelan Guayana region, which he lovingly referred to as “The Lost World.” (See the Bulletin, November/December 1986 and July/August 1987.) His interest in this picturesque area was so great that in 1958 he left the Field Museum to take a position at Instituto Botanico in Caracas, Venezuela. In 1984, Julian returned to the Missouri Botanical Garden, where he strove to complete his last major project, a flora of the more than 9000 efforts, and the Missouri Department of Conservation named the 73-acre Julian A. Steyermark Woods, near Hannibal, in his honor. To commemorate Steyermark’s achievements, the Garden has established a fund to promote botanical research and expedi- tions in Latin America, particularly in the Venezuelan Guayana region, and to support research on the natural history of Mis- souri. In addition, the Missouri Department of Conservation and the Garden are revising Julian’s best-known book, which will be retitled Steyermark’s Flora of Missoun, a lasting memorial to a giant among botanists. A memorial service was held for Julian Steyermark at the Garden on October 25, 1988. In the eulogy, Dr. Raven said, “_.His last work will be completed here, and will stand as a final testament to his industry and to his scholarship. As for any human being, however, what will prove to be even more impor- tant to all of us will be our memories, for Julian Steyermark was an inspirational person, one who projected his own values with- out trumpeting them, and thereby enriched all our lives, as he did the literature of botany.” —George Yatskievych heads the Garden’s joint project with the Missouri Department of Conservation to revise Steyermark's Flora of Missoun. —Luther Raechal assisted Dr. Steyermark on the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana and is continuing his work on the staff of this ongoing project. Gardening at the \. ee ae emo Conifers WA | Japanese white pines growing wild on an island in Lake Towada, Hondo, Japan. (Photo by E.H. Wilson, 1914.) Before presenting a selection of the conifers at the Garden, it may help to explain what conifers are. The main point to understand is that, while flowers and cones both form seeds, the cones of conifers are very different from flowers, which conifers do not have. In fact, conifers represent an evolutionary lineage more than twice as old as that of plants with flowers. Flower parts are generally interpreted as having evolved from leafy structures. For instance, modified leaves known as carpels enclose the seeds-to-be in a flower and are transformed into the seed- bearing fruit. Each scale of a cone is, by contrast, derived from a branch, and the seeds are borne on the upper surfaces of scales rather than being enclosed in carpels. You can observe for yourself the bran- chy nature of cone scales. Most branches in the plant world arise immediately above a leaf or above the spot where a leaf was once attached, and in some conifers such leaves (called bracts) appear beneath each cone scale, although the bracts are generally tiny and more or less fused with the scales. The best example of a conifer with conspicuous bracts is the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a species on dis- play at the south end of the Azalea- Rhododendron Garden. The Garden possesses dozens of species and cultivars of conifers from around the world; comments on a select few follow. The Serbian spruce (Picea omorika) is restricted in the wild to a few stands in the mountains along the upper Drina River in Yugoslavia. These stands are believed to represent relicts from a for- merly broad range that was nearly obliter- ated by the last Ice Age. The species offers two horticultural benefits: its upturned branches with dangling branch- lets are eye-catchingly exotic, and it toler- ates alkaline soils, which is not a general feature of conifers. See several gorgeous specimens just west of the Ridgway Cen- ter. The Serbian spruce has an odd con- nection to the Missouri Botanical Garden. Its discoverer (in 1876), the Yugoslavian botanist Dr. Josef Panéié, was an ancestor-in-law of Sally Nikolajevich, who performs design and graphic work for the Garden today. Additional spruces at the Garden that you may not want to miss include the Nor- way spruce (Picea abies) flanking the Lehmann Rose Garden on both sides. One of the most popular cultivated conifers, the Norway spruce is easy to spot since the branchlets usually dangle, and the cones are large for a spruce, up to about six inches long. Best viewed in the snow and truly blue, the Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens) is found south of the Woodland Garden. See if you can find the exceedingly crinkly scales on the cones of this species. Named for the Gar- den’s first botanist, George Engelmann, the Engelmann spruce (Picea engel- mannit) is taking root on the hill at the northeast corner of the Japanese Garden. Including yews (species and cultivars of the genus Jaxus) in an article on conifers may be a bit of a taxonomic stretcher, because the relationship between yews and more mainstream conifers is unsettled. Yew can see why— species of Jaxus form bright red seed- bearing structures that look like (and are dispersed by birds like) berries rather than forming cones. Each yew “berry” consists of a seed surrounded by the red, fleshy coating known as an aril. Watch out. The seed within that tempting aril contains lethal “taxine alkaloids.” The leaves are treacherous, too, and some- times kill livestock. As with many poison- ous plants, the other side of the coin is therapeutic value, such as the anticancer drug taxol and the blood pressure drug ephedrine, both derived from yews. And to go back in time, the tough, springy wood served for making bows in the Mid- dle Ages. See yews throughout the Garden. Historically, the favorite tree of north woods lumberjacks east of the Rockies was the white pine (Pinus strobus), which extends as far south in the U.S. as Georgia in the Appalachians and jumps some 1,500 miles to reappear in Mexico. Vast forests of white pines fueled the lum- ber and construction industries in the 19th century (and through that route fueled the Chicago Fire in 1871). The spe- cies is readily recognized by its five (remember five letters in w-h-i-t-e) soft, light-colored needles; long curved, non- bristly cones; and irregular silhouettes. The species remains common in the wild and in cultivation now, but it is difficult to _ find the once-commonplace giant white pines, up to 200 feet tall with trunks over 10 feet in diameter. The few remaining such stands have become tourist attrac- tions. See white pines just north of the Tram Shelter and south of the rear of the Lehmann Building. A similar species at the Garden (sev- eral in the Japanese Garden) is the Jap- anese white pine (Pinus parviflora), which differs most conspicuously from the American white pine by having shorter, twisted needles, shorter cones, and fuzzy twigs. With a very large number of cultivars, the Japanese white pine is 6. mm gaining popularity as a slow-growing, deli- cate, small-statured pine, although a ten- dency to cling to old, blackened cones could be regarded as unattractive. There are too many additional pines at the Garden to mention each now, but you will probably encounter here and there around the grounds and around town a pine with long, paired needles, dark gray- ish bark, and bristly cones. This is the Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), a Euro- pean species used extensively in land- scaping. The sizable Austrian pine south of the Desert House is the only evergreen conifer at the Garden to have survived the air pollution in the days when coal was the chief fuel in St. Louis. Well represented at the Garden and with a natural distribution reminiscent of the white pine, across the north and extending southward in the Appalachians, is the hemlock (7Tsuga canadensis). Find numerous hemlocks between the Leh- mann Rose Garden and Tower Grove House, then examine the distinctive twigs: tiny cones dangle from the tips, and miniature needles on slender stalks lie along the twigs upside down with the two white bands on their undersides con- spicuously flipped over for easy viewing. Our hemlocks have nothing to do with the poison hemlock that killed Socrates, which is a flowering herb related to car- rots. Hemlocks, the conifers, have had a more benign role in human affairs, once having been sources of tannins for curing leather. The golden larch (Pseudolarix kaempfert, formerly known as Pseudola- rix amabilis), a species from eastern China, was presented to the Garden by the Federated Garden Clubs in a ceremony on May 22, 1953. Their choice of species, it is said, was influenced by interest in the golden larch stirred up when a Mrs. McClure wore a sprig from a tree in her yard to a social function at the Garden. The source of the curious cor- sage was identified as the rare golden larch, and the Garden’s specimen, just north of the Museum Building, was trans- planted there as a seedling from under Mrs. McClure’s trees. How did a rare oriental species come to inhibit a subur- ban St. Louis lawn? The property was once owned by the James Blair family, of which Mrs. Blair was the official hostess at the 1904 World’s Fair. Evidently the trees that gave us both Mrs. McClure’s fateful corsage and the golden larch now at the Garden were gifts from Mrs. Blair’s cosmopolitan World’s Fair visitors. —George Rogers, Ph.D. William H. Danforth. At the Award ceremony (left to right): Gene McNary, Vincent C. Schoemehl, Peter H. Raven, cad RAVEN RECEIVES ST. LOUIS AWARD Peter H. Raven, director of the Gar- den, was honored with the 1988 St. Louis Award in a ceremony on November 28 in Shoenberg Auditorium. Raven was recog- nized for the honor he has brought to St. Louis through his internationally recognized achievements in botanical research, education, and conservation. He also was honored for his leadership in developing the Garden into a world- renowned center for research in tropical botany and a magnificent community resource for education and horticultural display. The award citation mentioned, in part, ‘“...his influence that extends far beyond the confines of his own discipline and profession, inspiring excellence and progress in every arena of cultural, educa- tional and civic affairs.” The award was presented by William H. Danforth, chancellor of Washington University, Garden Trustee, and chair- man of the St. Louis Award committee. The St. Louis Award was established anonymously in 1931 to honor “the resi- dent of metropolitan St. Louis who has contributed the most outstanding service for its development or... shall have per- formed such services as to bring greatest honor to the community.” The donor was later recognized after his death in 1960 as David P. Wohl, a leading St. Louis philan- thropist, who himself was recognized for his high standards in service to the entire community. In his remarks at the Award ceremony, Dr. Raven said, “It is very special to be recognized by the people of your own community—the place where you live— home... You who support the Garden, as your parents and grandparents did before you, should be very proud of what you have made possible, and should under- stand clearly the unique opportunity that this institution represents. “At the Missouri Botanical Garden, this great institution founded by Henry Shaw in the years just before the Civil War, we work to enrich our own lives and those of our many visitors. In addition, we are dedicated to learning about the plants of the world as rapidly and efficiently as possible, and to saving them for the future. We live in a time of unique oppor- tunity; there will never be as many kinds of plants in existence again as there are right now. It is because of the importance of these plants for ourselves, and for peo- ple in the future, that we display them, teach about them, and study them. Our scientists work throughout the world, contributing to knowledge and building the kinds of relationships with the people of other countries that will be of central importance in the future. Everywhere they work and study, they are known as emissaries of St. Louis, friends who have come from abroad to help and to col- laborate in building institutions and educa- tion for the future.” The St. Louis Award has recognized many outstanding St. Louisans, including Garden Trustees William E. Maritz and Vincent C. Schoemehl (1985); Robert R. Hermann (1981); Howard F. Baer (1969); and Daniel L. Schlafly (1960). The award includes a check for $1,500, to be given to an organization of the recipient’s choice. Dr. Raven designated his gift for the Cam- paign for the Garden, the Garden’s capital fund drive. Members of the St. Louis Award com- mittee are: W. L. Hadley Griffin, William H. Danforth, Robert Brookings Smith, Elliot H. Stein, Leon R. Strauss, Mrs. Lee M. Liberman, Mrs. Monte C. Throdahl and H. Edwin Trusheim. fi iia H:O-M-E GARDENING THE WINTER LANDSCAPE LIGHT AND THE The austerity of winter brings a new | INDOOR GARDEN beauty to the Garden. These cold months Indoor gardens are a primary focus for are a fine time to stroll through the | many of us this time of year. Although grounds and notice handsome plants that | plants don’t die the minute they are placed enliven the bare landscape with color, | in a too-dark window, without adequate shape and texture. In addition to ever- | light they gradually starve. Such plants greens and conifers (see “Gardening at | slowly lose leaves, produce ever-smaller the Garden,” page 6), look for trees with | new ones, and eventually become spindly attractive bark, including paperback | and unattractive. maple (Acer griseum), sycamore (Plata- Matching the house plants you grow to nus occidentalis), persimmon (Diospyros | the amount of light naturally available in virginiana), hackberry and sugarberry | your home is one simple key to success. (Celtis species), white ash (Fraxinus | North-facing windows receive the least americana), and Chinese elm (Ulmus | light, south the most. East and west win- parvifolia). On a snowy day, the red | dows receive roughly the same amounts, stems of Tartarian dogwood (Cornus | although west windows tend to be hotter alba) or the yellow stems of Cornus | than east. Glass cuts down on the light stolonifera var. flaviramea will show to | transmitted, even when sparkling clean. best advantage. Not to be missed are the | Windows shaded by trees, nearby build- lovely yellow flowers of Ozark witch hazel, | ings, porch roofs or awnings will receive which blooms in February near the south | considerably less light; curtains, even end of the Jenkins Daylily Garden. Allare | sheer ones, can effectively turn a west excellent subjects for Missouri gardens. window into a “north” one. Do not over-estimate the amount of light you have available. As a general rule, allow for more than the minimum. If you have an unusually dark corner, consider purchasing two identical plants and rotat- ing them between the dark spot and a bright window on a weekly basis. Surpris- ingly, both plants should thrive, especially if you select specimens that are able to grow with little light in the first place. The amount of light available to plants diminishes quite rapidly with distance from the window. Place plants as close to the window as possible without allowing them to touch the glass. Dust on foliage will also cut down on the amount of light a plant receives, so treat your plants to regular showers in a sink or tub to keep the leaves clean. The following is a partial list of plants to consider for various exposures. RECORD KEEPING Regardless of whether you keep extensive records or just jotted notes, use a garden diary to keep weekly or monthly notes about what is in bloom in your own garden and around town. Such records are invaluable in identifying areas of your garden where you don’t have as much color at certain seasons as you would like. Record effective combinations of plants you would like to try, too. Jot down a reminder to give a piece of a favorite perennial to a friend the next time you divide, or to order a particular plant when the winter onslaught of catalogs is upon you. Keep track of cultural prac- tices, such as fertilizing and pruning, plus new tips you'd like to try. Sketched gar- den plans can help keep track of bulbs and other dormant plants that can easily be dug up and disturbed by accident. North Windows: ferns, such as The Garden Diary, available in the | birds nest fern (Asplenium nidus), squir- Garden Gate Shop, includes space for | rel’s foot fern (Davallia trichomanoides), three years’ worth of brief notes as wellas | and holly fern (Cyrtomium falcatum): a host of tips especially for Midwest gar- | spathe flower (Spathiphyllum); prayer dens. Notebooks with pockets are espe- | plant (Maranta leuconeura): cast-iron cially useful for keeping care labels, | plant (Aspidistra elatior); and Philoden- receipts, copies of orders, and clippings. dron species. | Rtn tere (eee South Windows: cacti and succu- lents, such as Sedum, Aloe, Echeveria, and jade plant (Crassula argentea); ivy (Hedera helix); silk-oak (Grevillea robusta); ponytail-palm (Beaucarnea recurvata); and calamondin (x Citrofortu- nella mitis). East or West Windows: Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata); weeping fig (Ficus benjamina); lady palm (Rhapis excelsa); Amazon lily (Eucharts gran- diflora); staghorn fern (Platycerium bifur- catum); Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla); Moses-in-the-cradle (Rhoeo spathacea); India rubber tree (Ficus elastica); cutleaf-philodendron (Monstera deliciosa); flame-violet (Episcia cupreata); natal-plum (Carissa grandiflora); parlor palm (Chamaedorea elegans). Adequate light, proper watering, humidity levels, fertilizing and soil condi- tions also are essential for maximum growth. They will help a plant thrive under less-than-ideal light conditions. SEASONAL REMINDERS Winter Drought Winter cold causes its own kind of drought. During winter warm spells, although roots are nearly dormant, ever- green foliage exposed to warm tempera- tures will begin to transpire water. Roots cannot replace the water as quickly as it transpires, causing the condition known as winter burn. Be sure to water ever- greens if warm weather persists for a few days. Seed Sowing Savvy Although the weather outside indi- cates that winter is far from over, it isn’t too early to start collecting seeds and supplies needed for the spring rush. The average date of the last spring frost in the St. Louis area is April 15, although the latest frost recorded occurred on May 10. Seeds of vegetables grown from trans- plants and most common annuals need to be sown indoors six to eight weeks before the last frost, roughly the last week in February or the first week in March. Fast- growing annuals, such as marigolds, need be sown only four to six weeks before the last frost date. If you are planning to grow any of the following from seed, sow them before the end of January, because they generally take 12 to 16 weeks from seed: ageratums, begonias, annual carnations, geraniums, impatiens, lobelias, verbenas, or Madagascar-periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). — Barbara Ellis 8. samme eee | TROPICOS / THE GARDEN’S DATABASE SYSTEM There are about 250,000 species of plants in the world, for which some 10,000 or so botanists have published approxi- mately 1,000,000 names since 1753, the publication date of Linnaeus’s Species Plantarum, the established start date for the names of most plants. We know vary- ing amounts of information about each of these quarter-million species of plants. This ranges from very little knowledge based on only one specimen collected long ago and never since restudied, as in the case of many tropical plants, to liter- ally volumes full of information for impor- tant crop plants such as corn and sunflower. Traditionally, botanists have attempted to keep track of these plants and information about them through the production of indexes to names and other printed materials, but the large numbers of plants and small numbers of botanists have resulted in an imperfect system of information retrieval. Electronic data processing has long held promise for botanists to be able to overcome some of these problems of quantity, but only in the last few years have computers become inexpensive enough, reliable enough, and powerful enough to really become an effective tool for systematic botanists. Starting in the mid-1970s the Garden began exploring the use of computers to keep track of the many names being pub- lished for mosses, but at that time the available computer systems seemed to be not quite up to the task. Fortunately, we developed data capture cards specifically designed for a computer database format, and accumulated information using these cards. In the early 1980s we acquired our first on-campus computer, an early microcomputer called an Osborne 01. At that time Robert E. Magill joined the staff, after having spent several years in South Africa at the Botanical Research Institute in Pretoria. There he was instru- mental in developing and implementing a computer database, and when he returned to the Garden he was able to develop a system for keeping track of moss names using the little Osborne. Soon thereafter, the botany department began sharing some time on the member- ship/controller’s minicomputer, and Magill developed programs to produce the many thousands of herbarium labels required each year by the research pro- gram. The moss tracking programs were also moved to this minicomputer, since the microcomputer did not have the capacity for holding many records. In 1985 the research program obtained its own minicomputer, and the software develop- ment was accelerated, resulting in the database system we now have, called TROPICOS. The database now contains about 380,000 of the million published names, and it contains information on nearly 100,000 type specimens, nearly 200,000 distribution records, and just over 100,000 records of synonymy. In addition to recording and manipulat- ing information about plant specimens and plant names, there are many other aspects of TROPICOS that contribute to the research effort at the Garden. For ex- ample, it keeps track of all of the incoming and outgoing shipments of specimens from the herbarium, some 200,000 per year when loans and exchanges are taken into consideration. It is used for managing the journals program in the library, and it is even used as an in-house electronic mailbox. The system is being enhanced to write the descriptions for the Flora of North America project, coordinated here at the Garden. It will also be used in the newly initiated Flora of China project. The system has now come full circle, with the implementation of peTROPICOS, a set of programs that are very similar to the master set, but capable of being / run on microcomputers. Distribution of pcTROPICOS to other botanical gardens and botanical researchers, together with _ subsets of the master database from the | minicomputer version of TROPICOS has begun. Each pcTROPICOS installation is customized for the user, depending on that individual’s needs. For example, Ghillean Prance, director of the Royal Bo- tanic Gardens, Kew, uses pcTROPICOS for his studies of the New World members of the Proteaceae, or Protea family. We were able to provide him with a basic set of names of New World Proteaceae together with some associated informa- tion, for example, their general distribu- tion and some of the synonyms of the varlous names. Our hope is that pcTROPICOS will become established as a standard system for recording and manipulating informa- tion about plants. As more and more indi- viduals and institutions use the system, all recording similar information in identical formats, it will be more and more feasible to exchange information via computer links and to integrate these various sub- sets of information into national or regional master sets of information avail- able to all users. —Dr, Marshall R. Crosby Dr, Crosby recently was appointed assistant director of the Garden (see page 20). Three Grants Support Madagascar Research Three separate grants, announced recently, will provide funding for research in Madagascar. The National Geographic Society has awarded $15,900 to Dr. Voara Aurelien Randrianasolo, a Garden research associate and head of the department of natural history for the National Research Center in the city of Tsimbazaza. The grant will allow Dr. Randrianasolo to inventory the island’s plant and animals, and to evaluate boundaries for a potential reserve. The National Geographic Soci- ety also has awarded $8,250 to Garden research associate Dr. Marion Nicoll for a study of the Marojejy Massif, a poorly- known area considered to be of great eco- logical and evolutionary significance. In addition, the World Wildlife Fund i has awarded $3,000 to purchase two micro-computers that will help establish a Conservation Data Center (CDC) in Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. The CDC will support the Garden's research and conservation program there, and will be based at the National History Department of the Centre National de Recherches de Tsimbazaza. Madagascar, located about 250 miles off the east coast of southern Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the world’s fourth largest island and covers an area nearly twice that of Arizona. Biologists estimate that at least three-fourths of the plants found in Madagascar do not occur anywhere else in the world. Ask the Answer Service Propagating and Pruning Do you have a plant question? Call the Horticultural Answer Service, Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to noon, at 577-5143. Q. We planted some Lilyturf sev- eral years ago. When it grows in the spring it always looks yellow and untidy. Should it be cut back, and if so, when? A. Lilyturf (Lintope selections) should be cut back each spring about the time it begins to make new growth. Hand pruners work well for a few plants, but if you have a large planting, your lawn mower will make short work of the task. Set the mower to cut high, leaving about 3 or 4 inches of old growth. Q. A friend gave me some rose- bud geraniums several years ago. Over the years I have gradually lost my best plants. What’s the best way to start some new ones? A. Rosebud geraniums are an old- fashioned type known for their tiny, dou- ble flowers, which never open fully and which resemble miniature clusters of roses. The geraniums propagate easily from cuttings, creating vigorous new plants. When making geranium cuttings, select vigorous, healthy shoots. Four-to | six-inch tip or side cuttings made in mid to late summer will root quickly. Always use clean, sterile tools and materials. Take your cuttings directly below a leaf node using a sharp knife. Let the cuttings sit overnight so the wound starts to callus. Strip the lower leaves and insert the cut- ting in a moistened medium, such as ver- miculite, perlite or coarse sand. Rooting hormones are unnecessary with ger- aniums. Place the cuttings where they receive light shade and keep the medium slightly moist. Rooting should occur in two or three weeks. If you prefer simply to start over with new plants, the Answer Service can help you find suppliers of rosebud geraniums and other unusual or hard-to-find plants. Q. I have some castor-beans that were home grown and given to my dad. I told him that they are poison- ous. Can they be used to poison moles in the yard? A. You are right about the castor- beans (Ricinus communis) being poison- ous. These seeds are quite toxic and under no circumstances should they be eaten. As far as using them to poison moles in the yard, I have no confidence in this common home remedy. Moles are carnivorous, and if they ingest any plant material at all, it is only incidental to their search for insects and earthworms. It is true that castor beans have a repugnant taste, but if a mole encounters one in his tunnel, he is more apt to just remove the offending bean than be repelled by it. It is my opinion that a harpoon trap remains the most ecologically sound and effective method of controlling moles. Q. I received an amaryllis bulb for Christmas. Can you tell me what I should do once it stops blooming? A. For now, keep your amaryllis (Hip- peastrum) in a cool, shaded location to prolong the bloom. The soil should be kept uniformly moist. When flowering is completed, cut the flower stalk off an inch above the bulb. Don’t be alarmed if the cut stalk weeps profusely. This is normal and will stop quickly. The stalk will eventually dry and wither. Place your plant where it receives several hours of direct sunlight daily. Take care not to damage any of the leaves. Keep the soil moist and fertilize regularly. In early May the plant should be moved outdoors. Gradually shift it from a protected site to a sunny location where the pot may be sunk in the ground to the rim. Continue normal care until fall when the pots should be lifted and stored indoors in a cool room. Withhold water to make the foliage die, and let the plants rest for two or three months. When you resume watering, and with exposure to full sun, flowering should begin again. Q. What’s happening to my angel- wing begonia? It suddenly began to drop healthy green leaves. A. You are probably overwatering your begonia. Angel-wings should not be watered until the soil in the pot has dried completely. Appearances aside, they are sturdy plants, and yours should recover. Move your plant immediately to a bright southeast or southwest window where it receives several hours of direct sun. Most begonias welcome all the light they can get at this time of year. If the lower stems have become bare, prune back the tops to Just above a leaf node. This will encourage branching, and the new, young growth provides the best blooms. Q. I have an old rosebush that wasn’t getting enough sun. My nur- seryman suggested I prune the roots last fall and move it this March. After I transplant it, should I fertilize heavily? A. Don't fertilize it at all until after the rose has started to recover on its own. The move will be traumatic for an old rose, and it will take a while to reestab- lish. The advice to root prune last fall was sound. Just keep the rose well watered, and apply a mulch to stabilize soil condi- tions. A light feeding with about 1/3 cup of 12-12-12 fertilizer in late July should be sufficient for this year. Resume a normal fertilizing schedule next spring. TIMELY TIPS ¢ Hand pollinate citrus blooming indoors if you wish to harvest fruit next winter. e Run germination tests on all old garden seeds to determine if they are worth saving. ¢ Pruning fruit trees should be completed by mid to late February. Save your peaches for last, as these trees should be pruned just before they bloom. e Try forcing some of your pruned fruit tree branches to bloom indoors this spring. e Cut branches of spring-blooming shrubs for forcing after the buds begin to swell a little. ¢ Keep your pruner saw blade from clog- ging by spraying it each morning with a liquid nonstick product such as DuPont “Shp Spray.” It should last all day. e Wait until pruning is completed before applying dormant oil sprays to fruit trees. Complete this task before buds begin to open. e Nuts that have been stratified indoors over the winter may be planted out- doors toward the end of February. e As soon as the ground has thawed, sow seeds of sweet peas, larkspurs, shirley poppies, cornflowers, calendulas, cleomes and california poppies. —Chip Tynan, The Answer Service CENTENNIAL Board of Trustees (ees) @ 19 33 Missouri Botanical Garden 1989 CENTENNIAL TOUR/May 13, 1989 The Gardens of Yorkshire private gardens in England. The itinerary includes: restored with antiques from Chatsworth. birthplace of Shaw. then enjoy the Victorian spa town of Harrowgate. overlooking the ruins of 12th century Rievaulx Abbey. e MAY 24/ LONDON: Visit the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. at Simpson’s-in-the-Strand. Dr. and Mrs. Raven invite Garden members to join them on a historic tour of the homeland of Henry Shaw. This trip commemorates the centennial of the Garden’s Board of Trustees. Patrick Bowe, noted Irish architect, garden designer and historian, will travel with the tour in Yorkshire and lead the group through some of the most beautiful e MAY 13/ EN ROUTE: Depart St. Louis for flight to London, connecting in New York. e MAY 14/ ARRIVE LEEDS: Stay at Devonshire Arms Hotel, Bolton Abbey, recently e MAY 15/ LEEDS: Tour two private gardens, plus the magnificent 18th century land- scaping of Studley Royal. Reception in Fountains Hall, courtesy of the National Trust. e MAY 16 / CHATSWORTH & SHEFFIELD: Visit Chatsworth, home of the dukes of Devonshire and Henry Shaw’s inspiration for his Garden. Then tour Sheffield, e MAY 17/ LEEDS: Spend the day visiting small private gardens near Leeds. e MAY 18 / YORK: Tour the 60 acres of Harlow Car, with its famous water gardens; e MAY 19/ YORK: Spend the day at Castle Howard, setting for Brideshead Revisited. e MAY 20/ YORK: Visits to private gardens, plus early-18th-century Duncombe, e MAY 21 / YORK: Tour the National Trust Garden at Beningborough Hall. e MAY 22 / YORK: Explore the historic medieval city; fly to London in the afternoon. e MAY 23/ LONDON: Enjoy Members’ Day at the world-famous Chelsea Flower Show. e MAY 25/ LONDON: Spend the day exploring the city, followed by a farewell dinner e MAY 26/ USA: Return flight to St. Louis, connecting in New York. A brochure with complete information is available from the Membership Office. Call Brenda Banjak (314) 577-9517 to request a brochure or to make reservations. Space is limited. The deadline for reservation deposits is January 15, 1989. MEMBERS’ TOUR/March 29-April 3, 1989 Join us for this delightful visit to the lovely coastal cities of Savannah, Beaufort and Charleston. Picturesque streets and squares of the historic districts feature some of the finest examples of Victorian, Georgian and Greek Revival architecture in the United States. We will tour many beautiful private gardens, as well as a Savannah & Charleston number of plantations. Horse drawn car- riage rides, a candlelight walking tour and a drive through the fabled Lowcountry of coastal Georgia complete the trip. Call Brenda Banjak, membership coordinator, at (314) 577-9517 for more information, a brochure, or reservations. RE ee ee mm XZ Missouri Botanical Garden CALENDAR OF EVENTS January-February 1989 25 WEDNESDAY “Project Paperchase” 1 SUNDAY Awards Ceremony JANUARY 12 | MEMBERS’ DAY Noon, Shoenberg Auditorium. Walking Tour “The English Connection” Winners of the Operation Brights 2p.m., Meet at Ridgway Center poster contest will be announced. ticket counter. (Please note: Tues- 7:30 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Slide lecture by Helena Free. See January 24. and sain pean at Williams, MBG education division. Learn about English ).m.) Enjoy the special Deauty o . . . : ee 7 . : Pm.) Enjoy the spec ‘i influences that helped inspire Henry Shaw’s Garden. Seating is the Garden in winter, led by Guides a be: oe eee - trained to discuss horticulture, col: limited; for Members only. Free. FRIDAY ogy, architecture, history and sculp- ture of the Garden. Tours will go regardless of the weather, so please Orchid Show Preview 5 to 8 p.m., Orthwein Floral Displ Hall. Join us for an early look at th magnificent display, for Members only. Entertainment, cash bar. Dinner buffet will be available in Gardenview Restaurant. Watch yo mail for details. See highlight. 3 TUESDAY Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 4-5 wep.-THurs. JANUARY 28-FEBRUARY 26 / ORCHID SHOW Ya.m. to5 p.m. daily, Orthwein Floral Display Hall. Travel south of the equator and view a magnificent selection of exquisite and unusual orchids. Shown in a natural setting, complete with thatched huts and a waterfall. Free. Special Members’ preview: Garden Gate Shop Closed for inventory. see January 27. Clearance Sale 14 saturpay 21 saturpay aa | 9a.m. to5p.m., Garden Gate 28 SATURDAY Shop. Members receive 20% Walking Tour Walking Tour discount on all merchandise, plus scone ; a aie ; ; See January 1 for details See January 1 for details Bi I special clearance prices. 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. rds n Art Exhibit 9a.m. to5 p.m. daily, through February 26, Ridgway Center. Paintings and sculptures organizec TUESDAY pane 24 by the Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art 7 SATURDAY 15 SUNDAY “Project P hace” Museum. Financial assistance pro rojec : aperchase vided in part by the Missouri Arts Walking Tour Walking Tour Poster Display Council, a state agency. Free. . 1 for ae ‘ ; . ; . 9 a.m. to5p.m., daily through ‘ 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 2 p.m. See January 1 for details. aes 7 wae February 6, Ridgway Center. Dis- Walking Tour play of 32 award-winning posters 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. created by area students, grades K-12, ina contest sponsored by 10 TUESDAY 17 TUESDAY Operation Brightside, St. Louis’ 31 TUESDAY anti-litter program. Free. Walking Tour Walking Tour Walking Tour Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 12. ) THURSDAY ‘Tropical Orchids” Lecture 'p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. \ slide lecture, “Life in the Trees: .\ Look at Tropical Orchids,” by Jr. Kerry Walter, director of botany nd information systems, Center for lant Conservation. Free. ] = saturDay Nalking Tour p.m. See January 1 for details. «SUNDAY Nalking Tour p.m. See January 1 for details. J] tuespay Naiking Tour p.m. See January 1 for details. } WEDNESDAY ‘Gardening by Design” Lecture and 8 p.m., Shoenberg Audito- ium. “New Perennials for the \merican Garden,” by Steve ‘rowine, nursery merchandise irector, W. Atlee Burpee and Co. ee highlight. Portraits of Africa: eating Wildlife Art” and 7 p.m., Shoenberg Audito- lum. Slide lecture by Lindsay cott, featured artist in “Birds in rt” exhibit (see Jan. 28), who dis- usses her trips to Africa. Free. FRIDAY 1] saturpay laza Frontenac: “First Fashion poks for Spring” a.m., South Center Court, Plaza rontenac. A special event for Gar- en members only. Jan McCormick, shion consultant and model, will 10W you how to build your spring ardrobe. Refreshments; limited eating. RSVP Plaza Frontenac, 32-0604. falking Tour p.m. See January | for details. 13 | Booker T. Washington FEBRUARY MONDAY Oratory Contest 9 a.m. Shoenberg Auditorium. In celebration of Black History Month, four contest finalists from St. Louis public schools will orate the speech made by Booker T. Washington at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition in 1888. Co-sponsored by Operation Brightside. Free. 14 Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. TUESDAY 15 WEDNESDAY “Gardening by Design” Lecture 1 and 8 p.m., Shoenberg Audito- rium. “Growing and Decorating with Ornamental Grasses,” by Peter Loewrer, garden writer and author. See highlight. 18 Legends and Tales of Black Heritage ll a.m. to5 p.m., Ridgway Center. Storytelling and theater in celebra- tion of Black History Month. Free. SATURDAY FEBRUARY 8-MARCH 15/ GARDENING BY DESIGN The popular lecture series returns. A series of six lectures on gardening and landscaping topics, by noted experts. Presented on Wednesdays, February 8, 15, 22, and March 1, 8 and 15, at 1 and 8 p.m., in Shoenberg Auditorium. Tickets will be available by subscription for the afternoon or evening series, $20 Members, $25 non-members. Single tickets will be available at the door on the day of the lecture, only if the series ts not sold out: $4 Members, $5 non-members. Watch your mail for details. FEBRUARY 23 / MEMBERS’ DAY “Preparing the Garden’ 1 and 7 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Lecture by Brian Ward, MBG horticultural superintendent. Expert advice and helpful tips on getting your garden ready for spring. Seating is limited; for Members only. Free. 18 MoBot Event Watch the MoBot News for details. SATURDAY continued Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. 19 Walking Tour 2 p.m. See January 1 for details. 20 International Perspective on AIDS 5:30 p.m. reception; 6:30 p.m. lec- ture and discussion, Shoenberg Auditorium. $5 per person; call 721-1961. See page 15. rA| Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY 22 ~=WEDNESDAY “Gardening by Design” Lecture Lecture 1 and 8 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. “Beyond the Tradi tional Herb Garden’, by Linda Askey Weathers, associate garden editor for Southern Living maga zine. See highlight. 20 Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January | for details. 29-26 Spring Gardening Fair SATURDAY SAT.-—SUN. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Ridgway Cen- ter. Lectures, displays and exhibits on gardening, co-sponsored by the St. Louis Post Dispatch. Call 577-5125 for more details, beginning Monday, January 30. Advance regis- tration and fee for lectures. 28 Walking Tour 1 p.m. See January 1 for details. TUESDAY Ee W Bee fit MEMBERSHIP OF FICE P5339 1989 Years of Membership Missouri Botanical Garden 1989 MEMBERS’ DAYS Jan.12 Lecture: “The English Connection” Feb. 23. Lecture: “Preparing the Garden” Mar.23 Backstage Garden Tour Apr. 8 Family Arbor Day May 11 =Arboretum Walk— Wildflowers & Birds May 19 Purple Martin Evening June 15 Heart Stroll July 14 Members’ Musical Evening Aug.5 ~=Early Morning Stroll Sept.14 Tower Grove House Day Oct.20 Lecture: “Missouri Botanical Garden History” — Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Nov. 8 Lecture: “1904 World’s Fair” Dec. 9 L.T.C. Theatre Production < A PICTURE FROM THE PAST: Robert Brookings Smith, a Garden Trustee (left) with Mr. and Mrs. Dudley French. Mr. French, a Garden Trustee (1937-1960), played an active role in the formation of a support organization developed in 1939. The “Friends of the Garden” were instrumental in efforts to raise funds for the Arboretum and sig- naled the initial stages of the Garden membership program that began 50 years ago. Mr. anc 1 Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. a long- time friend of the Garden, passed away the evening of Thursday, October 27. Mrs. Shoenberg’s involvement with the Garden began in the early 1960s, when she served on what was then known as the Womens’ Committee, a precursor to our Members’ Board today. The Womens’ Committee conducted one of the Gar- den’s first fundraisers, a preview party after the opening showing of the movie My Fair Lady at the Fox Theatre. She also frequently served as a hostess for shows in the old Floral Display Hall. Mrs. Shoenberg’s interest in the Gar- den stemmed from her love of the out- doors and her commitment to the support of cultural institutions. She traveled extensively, including by safari, and was keenly interested in hunting and fishing. She was also an avid golfer and a member of the Womens’ District Golf Association. Mrs. Shoenberg’s daughter, Mrs. Walter (Nora) Stern, also a strong sup- porter of the Garden, serves as a Trustee and is a past president of the Members’ Board. Nora noted that ‘““My mother encouraged my first associations with the Garden around 1965. She believed that young people held a responsibility to become involved with cultural and other service institutions—that the strength of community institutions couldn't just come from older or retired volunteers. In addi- tion to her work at the Garden, she served on the Jewish Hospital Nursing Service Committee and at the St. Louis Art Museum as a Friend and Chairwoman of their Ballmasque fundraiser.” Mrs. Shoenberg is survived by her husband, Sydney, an investment banker and a Garden Trustee, and three daughters. Tributes received in memory of Mrs. Shoenberg will be listed in the March/ April issue of the Bulletin. NEWS FROM SHAW ARBORETUM Prairie Seed Harvest ms Caroline Sant, a volunteer (left), and Joyce Davit collecting seeds from a compass plant. How do you harvest the seeds of a nine-foot-tall compass plant? Bring a stepladder to the prairie? Fortunately, the stalks of these giant prairie perennials can be bent over and the seeds stripped off, allowing the plant to spring back as an object for observation and wonder. The compass plant, Sz/phium laciniatum, gets its common name from the fact that its large basal leaves are vertical with their edges oriented north-south, thus helping travelers of old find their direction on the vast prairies. In spite of the record drought of 1988, the deep-rooted prairie plants produced a good crop of seed. More than 150 pounds of seed from 65 species of wildflowers and grasses were collected last fall. This seed will be used to plant an additional two- and-a-half acres on the west edge of the Experimental Prairie, and to plant several smaller areas which were plowed to kill fescue and bluegrass and kept fallow for a year. Some seed will be sold in small packets in the Arboretum’s Visitor Center for people who want to try some native perennials in their gardens or start a prai- rie garden. These seeds will be available beginning in January. Instructions for planting and pre-treatment of seeds will be provided with purchases. —William Davit, Shaw Arboretum International Perspective on AIDS Dr. Johnathon M. Mann, Director of the World Health Organization’s Global AIDS Program, will be the guest speaker in the Shoenberg Auditorium on Monday, February 20, at 6:30 p.m. Dr. Mann is on loan to the World Health Organization from the U.S. Center for Disease Control. Dr. Mann’s presentation, ‘“Interna- tional Perspective on AIDS”, will be fol- lowed by a public discussion. The program will be preceded by a reception in the Beaumont Room at 5:30 p.m. The forum is sponsored by the Ameri- can Red Cross, the International Educa- tion Consortium, Leadership St. Louis, L.I.N.K.S. Gateway Chapter, the Mis- souri Botanical Garden, the St. Louis Metropolitan Medical Society, the United Nations Association, and the Urban League. Reservations are $5 per person, and may be made by calling the United Nations Association at 721-1961. Seating is limited. GIFT MEMBERSHIP ORDER FORM — Please mail at least three weeks prior to occasion: STATE ZIP L] Valentine’s Day L_] Birthday L_] Other Gift To: Gift From: NAME NAME ADDRESS ADDRESS CTY. STATE ZAP CITY TELEPHONE TELEPHONE Sign gift card: L] Enclosed is my check for $ Date Needed By: _] Please charge: VISA No. Regular Membership $40. Contributing Membership $75. For more information call 577-5118. Please make checks payable to: Membership Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Expiration date: MasterCard No. Name as it appears on card: Participants in the Symposium included (left to right): George Rogers, Stanley A. Temple, Alan R. Templeton, Michael E. Soulé, David Bramwell, David R. Given, Rep. Jack Buechner, and Donald A. Falk. Not pictured: Bruce A. Wilcox. Conservation of plant and animal spe- cles was the topic of the 35th annual sys- tematics symposium held at the Garden on October 7 and 8. The title of this year’s symposium was “Conserving Biological Diversity—Prospects for the Twenty-first Century.” The symposium was supported in part by a grant from the National Sci- ence Foundation. More than 400 scientists from around the world were in attendance to discuss how to prevent the predicted catastrophic loss of biological diversity by the early 21st century. The discussions and pre- sentations focussed on the scientific approach needed for averting the full on- slaught of the problem, as well as some of the practical results and methods of implementing scientific principles of bio- logical conservation. The Garden participates in The Cen- ter for Plant Conservation, a national organization of botanical institutions cooperating in supporting wild popula- tions through protective cultivation. Dr. George Rogers, who leads the Garden's effort, moderated the Symposium. Jack Buechner, Congressman from Missour’s second district, addressed the symposium on the current status of efforts to promote passage of the National Biological Diversity Act. Enactment of the act would be a major step toward pro- tecting America’s, and the world’s, biolog- ical diversity. “It’s essential that we develop long-term, large-scale plans,’ Buechner said, “aiding the cause of both peace and prosperity in the future.” NEWS FROM TOWER GROVE HOUSE Historical Committee Begins Restoration In honor of its 30th anniversary, the Historical Committee is initiating the project of restoring the furniture in Tower Grove House. The first piece to be restored is Henry Shaw’s cylinder secre- tary. Much of the furniture in Tower Grove House is in need of attention due to dryness caused by the heating system, and the restoration will be an ongoing project as funds become available. The Historical Committee was founded in 1959 to advise the Board of Trustees on restoration and renovation of Tower Grove House. The committee is developing a long-range plan for redecora- tion of the house. OE 395th Annual Systematics Symposium Bolivian Research Project Receives Funding The Garden’s research program in Bolivia has received a three-year grant of $100,000 from the Agency for Interna- tional Development (A.I.D.). The grant will support work assessing the economic importance of the native tree species. Objectives of the research program include collecting samples of and identify- ing tree species found between 200 and 1200 meter elevation along the eastern slope of the Serrania de Pilon Lajas; supervising and training Bolivian fore- sters and botanists in field collection and identification techniques; and preparing a botanical database and illustrated field guide for Andean trees of the region. The Agency for International Develop- ment is a government organization devoted to the support of developing countries in their efforts to improve their standards of living. At present, A.I.D. is actively in- volved in supporting activities related to the conservation and sustainable utiliza- tion of the biological diversity in tropical countries of the world. William L. Brown Fellowship Supports Work in Costa Rica A $20,000 research grant for the Gar- den’s 1989 William L. Brown Postdoctoral Fellowship has been awarded by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. The company supports research relating to agronomic plants, and established the fellowship in 1981 to honor Brown, its chairman of the board at the time. Brown received his Ph. D. in botany from Washington Univer- sity and the Garden in 1941, and was awarded the Henry Shaw medal in 1986 (see page 3). The 1989 Brown Fellow is Dr. Michael H. Grayum, who is stationed in Costa Rica doing botanical research in conjunc- tion with the National Museum of Natural History and other organizations. This is Grayum’s third consecutive year as the recipient of the Brown Fellowship. Grayum’s work in Costa Rica includes preparing an inventory of the plants of the country; producing a Spanish-language manual of its vascular plants; and compil- ing a computer-based data bank. IT Volunteer Profiles Visitors to the Garden's popular floral displays are constantly amazed and delighted by the dazzling settings that complement the plants. With the opening of the Orthwein Floral Display Hall in 1982, the flower shows have become increasingly elaborate, and this has been due in no small part to the contribution of Horace Allen and Bob Lumley, volunteers in the display department. Bob was the department’s first volun- teer, joining in March, 1985. At that time much of the scenery for shows was Impro- vised, and there were no power tools at all. Bob, a self-taught carpenter, now builds many of the props. He also does electrical wiring. Bob retired as president Calendars Share Garden’s Beauty The Missouri Botanical Garden Cal- endar, with its magnificent color photo- graphs by Jack Jennings, is a perennial favorite. It is a splendid way to share the beauty of the Garden with friends who cannot visit St. Louis, and to document the loveliness of each passing season. Each year the Office of the Director mails more than 3,000 calendars to friends and supporters around the world. This generosity is made possible by Mrs. William H. Schield of St. Louis, who annually supports the printing of the cal- endars. “The Garden is such a wonderful place and the calendars are so beautiful, I wanted to share its beauty with others,” Mrs. Schield said. HORACE ALLEN AND BOB LUMLEY Horace Allen of United Electric Supply, and works at least 500 hours a year at the Garden and Arboretum. Horace Allen joined the Garden as a volunteer in June, 1986, after his retire- ment from McDonnell Douglas. He had been with the company for 37 years. Before that, in 1948, he worked at Scruggs, Vandervoort & Barney in the store’s display department. There he learned the art of creating the charming animated figures that enlivened the Gar- den’s recent “Holiday Fantasy” show. Horace designs the figures, builds them, and constructs the motors and wiring that bring them to life. Horace contributes more than 1,000 hours a year to the Bob Lumley Garden. “These two fellows are just amazing,” says Brian LeDoux, head of the floral dis- play department. ’’They are willing to do anything and everything to make the shows a success, including working long hours during our busy season. We wouldn't be able to do what we do without them.” From the Garden Gate Shop Shop Closed for Inventory Wednesday and Thursday, January 4 and 5, 1989 January Clearance Sale Friday and Saturday, January 6 and 7, 9a.m.to5p.m. Join us for a final clearance sale! Mem- bers receive a 20 percent discount on all merchandise, with some items available at special low prices. The last issue of the Bulletin incor- rectly listed the Shop's “Holiday Preview Sale” in December instead of November. | We apologize for the error. Garden Guidebook All your favorite Garden places are now captured in words and pictures. The Missouri Botanical Garden Guidebook takes you through the Garden witha step- by-step description and full color photo- graphs. The book contains a brief section on the Garden’s history, and a full listing of sculpture and fountains. The Guidebook is an ideal way to share the Garden with out- of-town friends. This is a 52-page publica- tion, available from the Garden Gate Shop for only $6.95. Garden Hosts International Conservation Workshop On October 14 and 15, 1988, the Gar- den hosted a meeting of international scientists, who met to discuss critical needs for preservation of plant genetic resources. The October workshop set the stage for a conference to establish a global initiative on ex situ preservation. Ex situ preservation focuses on preserv- ing genetic materials in locations other than those where plants are native. The work done at seed banks, botanical gar- dens, tissue culture centers and similar establishments are examples of ex situ preservation. Workshop planners concentrated on ways to enhance efforts in this field of research. It is expected that the confer- Peter H. Raven. Shown at the workshop (left to right): H. Garrison Wilkes, Robert Smith, Maurice Marois, ence, planned for 1990, will consider all potentially useful plants, especially those from tropical areas of the world which contain the greatest diversity of genetic resources. The workshop was coordinated by the Institut de la Vie, a distinguished group of scientists including a number of Nobel Laureates, which is headquartered in Geneva, and led by Professor Maurice Marois of the University of Paris. The Institut is known for its efforts to organize scientific genius in the service of man. Funding for the workshop was provided by RJR Nabisco through the efforts of Dr. Robert Smith, vice president of Nabisco Brands. R " WATSON ral Pana! a. . S ard INMEMORIAM/ V/7s. Eugene F. Zimmerman The Missouri Botanical Garden lost a good friend on October 30, 1988 with the death of Mrs. Eugene F. Zimmerman. Her support of the Garden spanned two decades and included the development of the Scented Garden for the Blind, which she dedicated to the memory of her grandmother, Susannah F. Mack and her mother Lillian C. Lowis. As a beautiful addition to the Scented Garden, Mrs. Zimmerman subsequently made it possi- ble to add the striking bell chime sculpture by the artist Paolo Soleri. Her final act of generosity to the Garden was to endow the lovely area she helped to create. The scented garden, among the first in the country, has become one of the most popular features of the Garden. It provides an area for the disabled to touch and smell plants chosen especially for their interesting textures or aromas. The addi- tion of the Soleri chimes has enriched the experience further by including the sense of hearing. Mrs. Zimmerman wished to ensure that the enjoyment of the scented garden to the public would continue in perpetuity and did so by a provision in a trust. Garden Sponsors Teacher Training Program in Colombia Last June, Karla Goodman, the Gar- den’s ECO-ACT coordinator, returned from Medellin, Colombia, where she con- ducted a two-week institute in environ- mental education. Goodman has been working to develop a program in Colombia since 1984, when she was invited by Enrique Renteria, scientific director of the Medellin Botanical Garden, to present a course based on the Missouri Botanical Garden’s award-winning environmental leadership program, ECO-ACT. The trip in June was Goodman’s fourth and final visit in conjunction with the program. From now on Colombian teachers will continue the project independently. The ECO-ACT program prepares stu- dents to teach environmental science. The program in Medellin trains elemen- tary school teachers, who in turn work with high school students who assist them in the classroom. Outstanding parti- cipants are then selected to offer the pro- gram to other teachers. In 1987, Goodman developed a Spanish-language workbook to document the institute and facilitate its dissemination. The basic course, “Methodology for Teaching Ecology”, has been offered eight times since 1984, and has reached 320 teachers. Most have gone on to take two upper level courses, “Ecology of Antio- quia,” taught in cooperation with profes- sors at the University of Antioquia, and “Plant Collecting for Teachers,” taught by the Medellin Botanical Garden herbarium staff. Response to the program has been enormous. Ambitious plans are underway to expand the program to educate and involve the community, and to develop a Center for Environmental Education at the Botanical Garden in Medellin. The project has the support of Colombia’s Secretary of Education. “This has been a wonderful experi- ence for me,’ Goodman said, “and it is very encouraging to see the enthusiastic response to environmental concerns. For me, the project is ending, but for this inspired, dedicated group, it is only the beginning.” ———— _ 7 Marguerite Ross Barnett Trustee Profiles Gene McNary GARDEN ADDS TRUSTEES TO BOARD The Garden announced recently that two ex-officio members have been added to the Garden’s governing Board of Trus- tees. The new positions are filled by the Chancellor of the University of Missouri- St. Louis and the St. Louis County Executive. According to Peter H. Raven, “It seems appropriate to add the County Executive since our tax support comes from both St. Louis City and St. Louis County, and the Chancellor of the Univer- sity of Missouri-St. Louis since the Chan- cellor of Washington University and the President of St. Louis University presently serve as ex-officio Trustees.” The Mayor of the City of St. Louis has been an ex- officio Trustee since 1889 when the first Board of Trustees was convened. Marguerite Ross Barnett, Chan- cellor of U.M.-St. Louis, came to St. Louis from New York where she served as the Vice-Chancellor for academic affairs for the City University of New York, a 21-college system serving 180,000 stu- dents. She earned a B.A. from Antioch College and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, and taught at the University of Chicago, Princeton, Howard and Columbia Universities. Since coming to the St. Louis area, Barnett has been active in business and community affairs, serving on a number of corporate and civic boards. She holds appointed or elected positions in the American Council on Education, the Association of Ameri- can Colleges and Universities and the Association of American Universities. Barnett is also the author/editor of five books and forty articles. “Her commit- ment to the metropolitan St. Louis area in education, business and civic improve- ment is obvious, and the Garden was pleased to include her as an ex-officio member of the Board of Trustees,” said Dr. Raven. Gene McNary, the St. Louis County Executive, joins the Board of Trustees as an ex-officio member, having served four elected terms in the county executive position. Prior to his election in 1974, McNary served two terms as St. Louis County’s Prosecuting Attorney. He re- ceived a Bachelor of Science in Finance and aJ.D. from Indiana University. He has served on a number of community boards including the Missouri Association of Prosecuting Attorneys, East-West Gate- way Coordinating Council, Missouri Asso- ciation of Counties, and the Regional Commerce and Growth Association. McNary is an ardent sports fan and has managed and coached sports for more than 20 years, from Little Leagues through collegians. Most recently McNary has become involved in the Institute for Advanced Study at Washington Univer- sity, which strives to examine strategic issues with corporate and community leaders and university faculty. As ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees, Barnett and McNary have vot- ing rights on the Board and serve by vir- tue of their respective positions. In addition to those mentioned above, ex- officio members of the Board include the Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Mis- souri, the President of the Board of Edu- cation of the City of St. Louis, and the President of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Garden and Girl Scouts Team up to Form Resource Center Network The Garden's Stupp Teacher Resource Center and the Resource Center at the Girl Scout Council of Greater St. Louis recently started a network for resource centers from similar community institu- tions. “Our common denominator Is pro- viding collections of materials and services to adults who work with children,’ said Pamela Pirio, coordinator of the Stupp Center. Co-founder of the network is Joyce Rich of the Girl Scouts. “We discov- ered how much our respective centers had in common and realized how much we could gain by working together,” Rich said. The network hopes to recruit mem- bers from institutions and organizations in both Missouri and southern Illinois that help adults who work with children. Thir- teen charter members include personnel from Cahokia Mounds Historic Site, United Nations Association, International Education Consortium, Saint Louis Art Museum, River Bluffs Girl Scout Council, Magic House, International Cultural Cen- ter of the Ferguson/Florissant School District, St. Louis Science Center, St. Louis Zoological Park, and Missour1 Department of Conservation. Areas which the network plans to explore are volunteer/staff relations, production of audio-visual materials, and the development of more effective com- munications with school teachers and leaders of youth groups. Major features of the self-help group are exchanges of ideas, a telephone hot-line, visits to each of the members’ resource centers, and ongoing development of the role played by resource centers in the community. “We are all concerned with human development and welcome other resource centers to join us,” Pirio said. Interested groups should contact Pamela Pirio at 577-9501 or Joyce Rich at 241-1270. The Henry Shaw Academy The Henry Shaw Academy offers stu- dents aged seven and older exciting ways to investigate topics in science, ecology and natural history. A membership in the Academy is $15 per year, and includes newsletters, a membership card, invita- tions to special events and an Academy T-shirt. For a complete brochure on cur- rent HSA classes and activities, call 577-5140. 19. Melelssd SePTEMBER-OCTOBER 1988 by Carl E. Milles of Sweden. Behind the Scenes Assistant Director Named Marshall R. Crosby has been named assistant director of the Garden. In this capacity, Crosby will assist in directing the Garden’s programs, and exercise administrative authority in the director’s absence. Garden director Peter H. Raven said, “For two decades, Dr. Crosby has served the Garden in a variety of roles. His hall- mark has been innovative solutions to problems, and I look forward to working closely with him.” Crosby, who has been employed at the Garden since 1968, is a specialist in the study of mosses and he has built a research group of international sign- ficance in this area. From 1977 to 1986, Crosby directed the research program at the Garden, administering programs of botanical exploration around the world, as well as the Garden’s herbarium and library. Most recently Crosby was direc- tor of botanical information resources, with responsibility for the Garden’s library and scientific publications. He also developed the Garden’s computer data- base in systematic botany, TROPICOS, the most comprehensive system dealing with plants developed at any institution (see page 9). Crosby is also adjunct pro- fessor of biology at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. A native of Florida, Crosby did his undergraduate and graduate work at Duke University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1969. MILLES SCULPTURES DEDICATED: (left to right) James D. Burke, president of the Gateway Foundation and director of the St. Louis Art Museum; John H. Biggs, president of the Garden’s Board of Trustees; and Peter H. Raven, the Garden’s director, stand- ing in front of the three angel sculptures installed this summer in the water lily pools in front of the Climatron. The ceremony on October 19, 1988, formally dedicated the seven bronze sculptures In Honor Of: Peggy Abel Ladue Garden Club Mr. and Mrs. Lester Ackerman, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Lowenhaupt Mr. and Mrs. Louis G. Rothschild, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Melvin S. Strassner Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Arnold Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Tureen Mrs. Grant Wyatt, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Baris Mr. Melvin F. Roman Mr. and Mrs. Donald Bill Mrs. Carol Avins Jenny and Sara Avins Dr. and Mrs. Laurence Avins Mr. and Mrs. Allan Brodsky Dr. and Mrs. Oscar H. Soule Miss Molly Cohn Mr. Peter A. Postol Mr. William W. Collinger Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Culver III Mr. and Mrs. John A. Leschen II Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. J udy Bellos Cecily Hoffius Brian McClure Mrs. Juanita L. Yewell Mr. Arthur Bierman Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Freedman Mr. and Mrs. Keith Barrons Mr. and Mrs. John R. Gannett Dalton Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mrs. Jack Edlin Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Rosen Mr. Elmer Esrock Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Freedman continued on next page New Director of Horticulture Robert E. Bowden has been appointed director of horticulture for the Missouri Botanical Garden effective the first of the year. In that position, he will be responsi- ble for the 79 acres of outdoor displays on the Garden grounds, and for floral exhibits in the Ridgway Center. Peter H. Raven, director of the Gar- den, said, “As the person responsible for the public face of our garden, this is an extremely important position for us. We conducted a nationwide search and were fortunate to find a very talented and capa- ble candidate in Bowden.” Bowden comes to St. Louis from Old Westbury Gardens in Long Island, New York where he served as director of hor- ticulture and operations for that 100-acre garden. Prior to joining Old Westbury Gardens, Bowden was estate manager for Applewood, the award-winning C. S. Mott Estate. Both the Mott Estate and Old Westbury Gardens are listed in the National Historic Register. Bowden is an active community leader serving on many advisory boards, and has taught extensively at the university level and in community education programs. His academic credentials include a bachelor of science degree in ornamental horticulture and landscape design from Florida A&M University, and a master of public administration from the University of Michigan. | STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (Required by 39 U.S.C. 3685) 1. Title of publication: BULLETIN. Publication No. 0026-6507. 2. Date of filing: October 1, 1988. 3. Six times a year, bi- monthly in January, March, May, July, September and November. $12.00 per year. 4. Location of known office of publication: 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. 5. Location of the headquarters or general offices of the publishers: P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. 6. Names and complete addresses of publisher and editor are: Publisher—Board of Trustees, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Editor—Susan G. Wooleyhan, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. 7. Owner: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. 8. Known bondholders, mortgagees and other secu- rity holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or other securities: None. 9. The purposes, function and nonprofit status of this organiza- tion and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes has not changed during the preceding 12 months. Autho- rized to mail at special rates (section 432.12 DMM). 10. Extent and nature of circulation: A. Total no. copies printed. Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months 23,637. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 23,935. Paid Circulation: 1. Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors and counter sales. Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months -0-. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date -0-. 2. Mail subscription: Average no copies each issue during preceding 12 months 22,117. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 22,585. C. Total paid cir- culation: Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months 22,117. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 22,585. D. Free distribution: Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months 379. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 395. E. Total distribution: Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months 22,496. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to fililng date 22,980. F. Copies not distributed: 1. Office use, left over, unac- counted, spoiled after printing: Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months 1,141. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 955. 2. Return from news agents: Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months -0-. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date -0-. G. Total: Average no. copies each issue during preceding 12 months 23,637. Actual no. copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 23,935. I certify that the statement made by me above is correct and complete. (signed) Susan G. Wooleyhan, Editor and Manager of Publications. 20. Ce Dr. Jackson K. Eto Ms. Virginia Haigler Mrs. Edelyne Freund Mr. and Mrs. Albert Gerber Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Freund Dr. and Mrs. Arthur R. Bortnick Mrs. Leigh L. Gerdine Mr. and Mrs. Paul Fusz Ring Mrs. Myron Glassberg Mr. and Mrs. Roger T. Hurwitz Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Lowenhaupt Mr. Courtney Gould Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Barken Mrs. Natalie Handelman Mr. and Mrs. Michael H. Freund Mrs. Carolyn Henges Nancy and Michael Winer Cam and Rob Jansen Carolyn K. Mandlman W. Boardman Jones Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr. and Mrs. Richard Kelly Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Mrs. Kay Kirstein Mr. and Mrs. Albert Gerber Mrs. Renee Kligman Mr. Arthur Goldberg Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Barken Kathy and Craig Layton Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Reid Mrs. Natalie Levy Mr. and Mrs. Jerome M. Steiner Mr. Allen B. Lewin Mrs. Rose Floret Rev. and Mrs. Marvin Lilie Shirley Rowold Mr. and Mrs. Gregg Lipton Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mr. Hugh Logan Mr. and Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mrs. Vergie McNeal Mrs. Raymond H. Bialson Mr. Vernon Mendel Mr. and Mrs. Harold N. Kravin Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Meyer Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Ian Campbell Murphy Mr. and Mrs. Steven F. Schankman Mr. and Mrs. Louis Poger Mrs. Ruth Schwartz Mr. and Mrs. Frank Purviance Mr. and Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher, Jr. Dr. Peter H. Raven Mr. and Mrs. Harvey A. Fnedman Mrs. Boyd Rogers Mr. and Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Ms. Wilma Rosenberg Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Kodner Mr. Harvey Rudolph Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Barken Mr. Harold Sachs Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Shapiro Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Schmidt Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Barken Mr. Victor Schulein Mr. and Mrs. Irwin R. Harris Dr. and Mrs. Hyman R. Senturia Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson | Mrs. Saul A. Dubinsky Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Wolff Mr. and Mrs. Sam Silverstein Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Simpkins Mrs. Florence G. Stern Dr. and Mrs. William A. Sims, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. and Mrs. Edward Stabno Mr. and Mrs. John Skinner Mr. and Mrs. Walter Stern Dr. and Mrs. Robert Taxman Mr. and Mrs. William Tao Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mr. Simon Wagenheim Mrs. Jean S. Bloch Mr. and Mrs. Philip K. Marblestone and Children Mrs. Else Weil Mrs. Teel Ackerman Mr. Martin Israel George Werl Melanie Broida Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Lowenhaupt Mr. John E. Reid David Wilson Karla Goodman Mr. Charles M. Moscowitz B® In Memory Of: Mr. Sylvester Alexander Mr. and Mrs. Michael H. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mrs. Alper Mrs. Ruth Schwartz Mrs. Bertha Anderson Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis, Inc. Mr. Omer H. Avery Mrs. Roland O’Bryen Mrs. Hildegarde Barthel Mrs. Dorothy Schlueter Dorothy Jean Becker Miss Rose McKenzie Mr. Cecil Bell Mr. and Mrs. Roy R. Dressel Mrs. Carol Bergmann Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Schettler Mr. Walter Berkman Mr. and Mrs. Mark Shapiro Mrs. Mary Alice Berndt Mrs. Gloria A. Luitjens Mr. William Bernoudy Garden Club of St. Louis Christopher Biraben Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Verna Winter Boehning University of Missouri, St. Louis— Residents and Friends 10th Floor Altha P. Brandt Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Deppe Dr. John R. Briscoe Mrs. Dorothy Dwyer Mrs. Mildred Brown Mr. George Pitts and Linda Mr. George Capps Mr. and Mrs. William A. Frank Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mr. and Mrs. Sydney M. Mr. Bill Higginbotham Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. Wilson D. Child Mrs. Eugene Darst Mr. Robert MeN. Cochran Mr. and Mrs. John K. Wallace, Sr. Greg Cone’s Mother Mr. and Mrs. Brent Stansen Mrs. Gertrude Conrades Mr. and Mrs. C. Robert Pommer Mary and Bob Woods Mrs. Emma H. Cook Mr. Charles F. Cook Lino B. Corno Mr. and Mrs. Willie L. Ferrell Mrs. Jack R. Turner Judge Frank Cottey Leonard and Priscilla Davis Mr. Donald L. Coursey, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Dean H. Kropp Mrs. Vera Hermann Cox Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Scott, Jr. Mrs. Heather Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Donell J. Gaertner Mrs. Betty V. Schramm Lisa Ellen Crawford Her Friends Mrs. Ruth DeFabio Miss Olivia Beckerle Miss Vera Ulbricht Mr. Douglas Lee Drehmann Mrs. Joseph A. Richardson Mrs. Wilber Duenke Mr. and Mrs. Harold W. Bonacker Mr. Carl Edling Dr. and Mrs. Dee W. Pulsipher Mr. Roy Erfurth Mrs. Frances Kantor Mr. Fred J. Rock Mr. August Erker Mr. and Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mrs. Marie Finch Mrs. Judy Ann Fogarty Mrs. Helen Fishel Mr. and Mrs. Bill Eastman Mrs. Mildred Galloway Mr. and Mrs. Max W. Hurtgen Mr. Alan Godlewski Mr. and Mrs. Harry T. Bussmann IT] The Greater St. Louis Ins Society Mrs. Edna Graf Mr. and Mrs. Franklin J. Cornwell, Jr. Mrs. Franklin J. Cornwell, Sr. Mr. Sam Greenblatt Mr. Bernard Barken Mrs. Jocelyn Barken Mr. Andrew Grote Mr. and Mrs. William A. Frank Mr. and Mrs. Dean H. Kropp Mrs. Richard Hardcastle, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Garrett Mrs. Fritzi Tanzer Mrs. Edith Hart Early Education Center Friends Mrs. Katherine H. Hedley Mr. and Mrs. Carl H. Fischer Dorcas Hernandez Judith Connett Carl Germain Lenore Jones Gordon Philpott Mr. and Mrs. James A. Martin Barbara Hinrichs Family and Fnends Mrs. Catherine Grady Horine Mrs. Herman Bowmar Timothy Joseph Horrell Continental Baking Company Ralston Purina Company Mrs. Bernice Hougland Mr. and Mrs. John B. Allison Anonymous Mr. and Mrs. Edward E. Blake Mr. and Mrs. Alan C. Bowling Mr. and Mrs. Charley Cowsert Loretta Davidsen Mr. Kurt A. Hougland Mr. and Mrs. Walter Judd Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. King MASSCOMP Mr. and Mrs. Warren May Mr. and Mrs. John McEllgott Mr. and Mrs. Milton A. Morton Mr. and Mrs. Michael Petersen Mrs. Renee Tilley Mr. and Mrs. George W. Vollmer Mrs. Mildred Hull Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Rich Mrs. Irene Inman Mrs. Alfred C. Korte Valerie Thorp Mrs. A. Clifford Jones Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Baer II Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. and Mrs. Jay Engler Mr. and Mrs. Steven J. Nissenbaum Mr. and Mrs. James M. Scott Mr. A. Clifford Jones, Jr. Ms. Pam A. Akers Jean Andrews Mr. and Mrs. S. Charles Baer Ms. Nancy C. F. Bardenheier Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mrs. Maudie Jo Beck Mrs. Katharine A. Boos Mr. and Mrs. James J. Burkemper Eileen Carlson Miss Adelaide Cherbonnier Ms. Rose Church Mr. Frederick Z. Clifford Miss Mary F. Clifford Mr. and Mrs. Morton Clifford Mrs. Mildred Conner Dr. and Mrs. Roy R. Cook Diane Costantino Mr. and Mrs. Donald Danforth, Jr. Carol Darnall Jane L. Dean Julie Deckert Ms. Betty J. Demzik Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Ellston Donald C. Elsaesser Mrs. Betty Evans Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Nancy Ferrillo Pat Forster Mr. and Mrs. Lucien R. Fouke, Jr. Nancy Francis Mr. and Mrs. Martin E. Galt II] Mary Gartland Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Goltermann Nancy Gulick Ms. Sue Haden Carol Hager Marybeth Hall, Jr. continued on next page ‘AR Bs continued Ann Hardin Mr. and Mrs. John C. Heisler Mrs. Loren A. Hennessey Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. Hensley, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Frederick A. Hermann, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. J. York Hewitt Elizabeth Hickel Ann Holton Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Holton Janet McAfee Inc. Susan Jansen Mrs. James L. Johnson, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Harold T. Jolley, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Byron L. Kinder Joanne Kistner Carol Klein Mr. and Mrs. Gregory L. Lashley Lashly, Baer & Hamel Mr. and Mrs. Paul P. Latta Laura McCarthy, Inc. Mary Ann Lee Mr. Frederick W. Lehmann Mrs. Theodore H. Liebig Mrs. John K. Lilly Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Carolyn W. Losos Ms. Kay E. Mallett Valerie Mannion Maxine C. Mason Mrs. Frank Mayfield, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles N. McAlpin Mr. and Mrs. Lansden McCandless, Jr. Mr. James S. Medart Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Melzer Judy Miller Charles and Adele Mills Mrs. Eleanor J. Moore Mr. and Mrs. John W. Moore Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Morrison Dessa Morrow Pat Naumann Anita Newport Mr. and Mrs. W. R. Orthwein, Jr. Miss Marye B. Otto Joyce Pass Mr. and Mrs. William J. Phelan Nancy Pool Mary Rassieur Kathryn Reese Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Remington Mr. and Mrs. George Robinson Amey Rodgers Nancy Rodgers Nancy Rohan Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence K. Roos Beatrice Rothberg Mrs. Clifford Saxton Judith S. Scallet Mr. and Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Syble Schlosser Mr. and Mrs. James M. Scott Ellen Sedgwick Mr. and Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. John Shepley Margaret Shepley Mr. and Mrs. James A. Singer Mr. and Mrs. Robert Brookings Smith Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Inc. Mr. John P. Stupp Mary Frances Sudholt Mrs. Julia W. Terry Edwards L. Thaman Ted Thornhill Georgia Tobias Mrs. Donald H. Webb Ann Wetzel Mr. and Mrs. Geo. P. Whitelaw, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. James R. Wiant Edna Woelfle Felicity Wohltman Mr. and Mrs. Randolph Wohltman Dr. Thomas A. Woolsey Mr. H. E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Reverend General Jones Mrs. Alice Beffa Erdelen Mr. Bernard Kaplan Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Kantor Mr. Fred J. Rock Mr. William Kenny Mrs. C. H. Bley Mrs. Helen Kleefisch Mr. and Mrs. D. L. Meek Marilyn Knefel-Hillengas Broadway Oyster Bar Employees Mrs. Mary Koch Mrs. Sylvia B. Eirten Mr. Harry G. Koerber Mr. and Mrs. John Hallett Mr. Wesley Konering Dr. Donald Flanagan Mrs. Josephine M. Kuhlmann Ms. Shirley Flatley Dr. Laager Mrs. Kenneth C. Baker Mr. Edward C. LaFon Mr. Clifford Lecoutour Mrs. Hermann F. Spoehrer Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Tschudy Mrs. Fred Wulfing LaVerne’s Mother Mr. and Mrs. Donald R. Hemmer Mr. Gary Lee Lawson Alta Lawson Ami S. Lawson Donna L. Lawson Nathan D. Lawson Cameron Monk Jennifer Monk Mr. Willard Levy Dr. and Mrs. James Bush Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mrs. Emily Kimball Lilly Mrs. Harry Bohnett Mr. and Mrs. Donald L. Manion Mr. and Mrs. Martin Marecek Dr. and Mrs. A. C. Trueblood, Jr. Mrs. Sigrid Woltzen Mr. and Mrs. David Wrisley Mr. Claxton Allen Long Mr. and Mrs. John K. Wallace, Sr. Joyce Lynch Mr. and Mrs. George Herbst, Jr. Mr. Chester Malon Mrs. Joan Corwin Mrs. Mildred Mark Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Marie Markus Mrs. Edmund A. Luning Dr. Richard Maxwell Mr. and Mrs. J. William Flaig Dr. and Mrs. Robert W. Kelley Missouri Botanical Garden Guides Mr. and Mrs. George B. Sloan Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Stutsman Mrs. Leroy McDonald Mr. and Mrs. Melville Dunkelman Rosenthal Family Mr. Ron Mermoud Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Dougherty Grace Miles Brentwood Garden Club #1 Mrs. Jeanette Miller Mr. and Mrs. Joe D. Tucker, Jr. Mrs. Stan Morse Mr. and Mrs. Edgar V. Dickson Mrs. Stratford Lee Morton Mrs. Mary Ellen Young Nancy Bowen Murphy Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mr. Clyde W. Myles Marymae R. Hale Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Myles Mrs. S. M. Spencer Mrs. Dorothy 0’ Daniel Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Mr. James D. O’ Hara Mrs. William H. Leyhe, Jr. Mr. Fred Olde Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Rich Mr. Roland Orf Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence P. Badler Mr. Victor Pacewic Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence P. Badler Ryan Pardeck St. John’s Neo-Natal ICU Staff Jane Parks-Clifford Mr. and Mrs. Malkom G. Jackoway Mary Elizabeth Bowman Peters Mr. and Mrs. James G. Alfring Mrs. Irene L. Bergh Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnel Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Bertram B. Culver, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edgar V. Dickson Mr. William A. Frank, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John O. Felker Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Freeman Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Grote Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Key Mr. and Mrs. John K. Lilly Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mr. and Mrs. William F. Reck, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Ernest T. Rouse III Mr. and Mrs. Edwin G. Russell Mr. and Mrs. John Shepley Mr. Thomas P. Postol Mr. Peter A. Postol Mr. Robert J. Poteet Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Freeman Mr. and Mrs. Michael C. Walther Mr. Alexander Timon Primm Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Bertram B. Culver, Jr. Mr. Fielding Lewis Holmes Mr. and Mrs. John R. Robinson Mr. and Mrs. Lou Stockstrom Mrs. Mary Watson Roos Mrs. Lilly Ann Abraham Mr. and Mrs. Harry Andrews Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Arndt, Jr. Auto Club of Missouri— Officers and Directors Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Baer II Mr. and Mrs. Melvin S. Barad Mr. and Mrs. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. and Mrs. Andrew H. Baur Mrs. Irvin Bettman, Jr. Mrs. William Bixby, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Allen M. Borucke Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Brouk Brown Group, Inc., DeLiso Division Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Cave Centerre Bancorporation— Officers and Directors Centerre Trust Company Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Collins, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Bertram B. Culver, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Donald Danforth, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas S. Darnall, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John Dubuque Mr. and Mrs. Melville Dunkelman Mr. and Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy, Jr. Mrs. Harry Esserman Mr. and Mrs. Clifford E. Flun Mr. and Mrs. Harris J. Frank Mr. and Mrs. William A. Frank Mr. and Mrs. Fredric S. Freund Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Michael W. Freund Mr. and Mrs. S. E. Freund Mary Ann Garvin Mr. and Mrs. Ben Glassman Ms. Joanie Glassman Mr. and Mrs. Fred Goldberg Mr. Clark V. Graves Mr. and Mrs. W. Ashley Gray, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Greensfelder Mrs. Harry Greensfelder, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Hadley Griffin Kelly L. Hadfield Mr. and Mrs. Hord Hardin II Mr. Lewis T. Hardy Mrs. Paul Hatfield Mrs. Peggy Hellman Mr. and Mrs. Oliver W. Hickel, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Philip N. Hirsch Mr. John M. Hull Mr. and Mrs. Peter H. Husch Mr. and Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Mr. and Mrs. Harold T. Jolley, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edwin S. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Robert McK. Jones Mr. and Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Roy W. Jordan Mrs. Alberta S. Kalish Dr. and Mrs. Maurice J. Keller Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Krechel Mr. and Mrs. Edwin A. Kurtz Laclede Steel Company Ladue Garden Club Mr. and Mrs. Oliver M. Langenberg Mr. and Mrs. Brainerd W. LaTourette, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. E. Desmond Lee, Jr. Mrs. John D. Levy Mr. and Mrs. John K. Lilly Mr. and Mrs. Gerald W. Lindhorst Mr. and Mrs. AIS. Loeb Mrs. Benjamin Loeb Mrs. Harry W. Loeb Mr. and Mrs. Jerome T. Loeb Mr. and Mrs. Stephen H. Loeb Mr. and Mrs. Roger E. Lord, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John Peters MacCarthy Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Macon Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth A. Marshall Mrs. James S. McDonnell, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James E. McKee III Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Mellitz Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Melzer Midas’ Daughters Investment Syndicate Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mr. and Mrs. James R. Moog Mr. and Mrs. Ralph A. Morniss II Mr. and Mrs. Sol Morton Mr. and Mrs. Edward E. Murphy, Jr. Neighbors and Friends in Tirrill Farms Ms. Diane Odorizzi Mr. and Mrs. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr. Raymond Turner Peters Mrs. G. K. Presberg Mr. and Mrs. Edmund J. Pung Mr. and Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Mr. and Mrs. Paul T. Putzel Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Quenon Gerald A. Rimmel Mr. and Mrs. George S. Rosborough, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Rosen Mr. and Mrs. Harry S. Rosenberg Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mr. Jeffrey Ross Dr. and Mrs. Ernest T. Rouse III Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Ruprecht Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch St. Louis Country Day School Dr. and Mrs. Llewellyn Sale, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edward R. Samuels Dr. and Mrs. William F. Sasser Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas Scharff II Mr. and Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp Schnuck Markets, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. F. Carl Schumacher Mr. and Mrs. Arnold H. Schwab Dr. and Mrs. William G. Sedgwick Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Mr. and Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. John Shepley Mr. and Mrs. Edwin G. Shifrin Mrs. Helen G. Shifrin Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Shoenberg Mr. and Mrs. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James A. Singer Mr. and Mrs. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. William H. L. Smith Southern Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Edwin J. Spiegel, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Douglas C. Sproull Mrs. Florence G. Stern Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. Henry S. Stolar Ms. Cindy Sweet Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Tessler Mr. and Mrs. Harold E. Thayer The Woman’s Exchange Board Mr. and Mrs. Monte C. Throdahl Mr. Jim Townsend Mr. and Mrs. Percy Tucker Mr. Richard E. Turner Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Watel Mr. and Mrs. David S. Weddell Mr. Richard K. Weil Mr. and Mrs. Geo. P. Whitelaw, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Eugene F. Williams, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Zwick Mr. August S. Roth Mr. and Mrs. Charles Baker, Jr. Mr. Frank Ruff Mrs. William H. Leyhe, Jr. Lucy and Lloyd Rutledge Mr. and Mrs. Earl E. Eberhardt Mrs. G. J. Samuelson Mr. and Mrs. Basil C. Cole Dr. Robert L. Cole Mr. William G. Cole Ms. Sandra Lund Ethel Schaefer Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Mrs. Loretta Schreiner Miss Erna Doelling Sharon Scullin Mr. and Mrs. John A. Smalley Mr. A. W. Shapleigh, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John Brodhead, Jr. Mrs. Bunny Shelton Russell Ainsworth Ms. Mary E. Blackburn John Brophy Miss Adelaide Cherbonnier Sally Bixby Defty Mr. and Mrs. Albert F. Dorey Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Drew, Jr. Robert W. Duffy Mr. and Mrs. Rollin B. Fisher Ellen Gardner Mr. Evarts A. Graham David Grossman Sid Grossman Mr. and Mrs. Raymond T. Gunter Carolyn Kingcade Dr. and Mrs. William S. Knowles Mrs. Charles W. Lorenz John M. McGuire Mr. and Mrs. William B. McMillan, Jr. James Millstone Ron Norton Bob Posen George and Kathy Richardson Robert K. Sanford Dale Singer Pat Tummons Roland Walkenhorst Washington Bureau— St. Louis Post-Dispatch Ronald Willnow William F. Woo Vera Shive St. Louis Coke & Foundry Supply Co. Mr. Howard Simpson Mrs. Walter M. Janes Mr. George W. Skinner Mr. and Mrs. J. Marion Engler Mr. and Mrs. William A. Frank Mr. and Mrs. Ben F. Hickman Mrs. E. R. Hurd, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Stuart M. Mertz Dr. and Mrs. John Skinner Chester P. Skwiot Mrs. Chester P. Skwiot Mrs. Carl H. Sparenberg Mrs. Anna Smyser Mrs. Irene L. Bergh Mr. Louis D. Stedelin Miss Margaret Pape Mr. Otto Steger Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mrs. Luevenia Casey Stewart Mrs. Ollie Tucker Ward Dr. Julian A. Steyermark Mrs. Virginia L. Beatty Mr. and Mrs. Wesley H. Fender Mr. and Mrs. Lisle Jeffrey Mr. David T. Jordan Dr. and Mrs. John M. MacDougal Dr. William Meier Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Dr. Paul L. Redfearn, Jr. Mr. Brian P. Ritter Mrs. Victoria C. Simmons Dr. and Mrs. James K. Turner Mr. and Mrs. John E. Wylie Mr. Al Strassburger Ms. Anna Lee Brown Mrs. Leonard Landsbaum Mrs. Joseph Sunnen Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Babington, Jr. James and Nancy Berthold Mr. and Mrs. Jack R. Bodine Mr. Richard G. Camp Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Haverstock Mr. and Mrs. William D. Hollis Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Jacobs Mr. and Mrs. John Patton Mr. Gerald F. Pauley Mr. and Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp Phyllis Rosenbloom Mr. and Mrs. Charles C. Sisler Mrs. Judith Hunter Terry Mr. R. J. Sauget Mr. Harold E. Theper Miss Colette Kreienbaum Miss Mary Ann Kreienbaum Mr. Joseph J. Thomas Ms. Alice M. Ziemann Jenny, Glenn and Grandma Ziemann Mrs. Marge Tober Mr. and Mrs. Paul T. Putzel Mrs. Edna Trihey Leon E. Ruh Family Mrs. Waller Mrs. Sue Clubb Andrean Everding Wells George and Laurine Everding George Everding, Jr. Lucille Guise John and Kathy Kurz Maureen O'Day Debbie Wells Tom and Barbara Wells Tom and Stephanie Wells Mother of Mrs. Vernon Wendt Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Edythe Wengell Susan Sperry St. Louis Science Center Leroy Winingham Friends of Sandra Shaner— Bi-State Development Agency Mr. Thomas Sehr Mrs. Hester Wolf Mr. Jack Ansehl Mr. Jeffrey M. Yost Church of St. Michael and St. George— The Church Service League Mrs. Duncan I. Meier, Jr. Mr. William P. Morgan, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Keith D. Shaw Robert Speed Young His Family Dr. Theodore Saunders Zahorsky James T. Kurten Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas S. Kurten Peter S. Kurten Robert J. N. Kurten Mr. Arthur Ziern Dr. and Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Board of Trustees Mr. John H. Biggs President Dr. Marguerite Ross Barnett Mr. Joseph H. Bascom Rev. Lawrence Biondi, S.J. Mr. Gerald D. Blatherwick Mr. Stephen F. Brauer Mr. William H. T. Bush Mr. Jules D. Campbell Dr. William H. Danforth Mr. Robert R. Hermann Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr. Mr. David W. Kemper Mr. Charles F. Knight Mr. Robert E. Kresko Mr. William E. Maritz Mr. James S. McDonnell III The Hon. Gene McNary Mr. Lucius B. Morse III Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mr. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Dr. Howard A. Schneiderman The Hon. Vincent C. Schoemehl, Jr. Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Walter G. Stern Dr. Joyce M. Thomas Mr. John K. Wallace, Jr. Mr. O. Sage Wightman II] EMERITUS TRUSTEES Mr. Howard F. Baer Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. Sam'1C. Davis Dr. Thomas S. Hall Mr. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann Mr. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Louis S. Sachs Mr. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Harriet Spoehrer Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. MEMBERS’ BOARD Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky President Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp First vice president Ms. Elaine A. Alexander Second vice president Mrs. Robert P. Elsperman Secretary Mr. Frederick H. Atwood II Treasurer DIRECTOR Dr. Peter H. Raven The Climatron’s Plexiglass dome has been replaced by more than 2,400 laminated glass panes containing an interlayer of Saflex plastic, manufactured and generously donated to the Garden by the Monsanto Company. Using laminated glass in the dome will contribute to the Clima- tron’s energy efficiency. 1ISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) 'O. Box 299 aint Louis, Missount 63166 EMTEMMIAL s0ard of Trustees 88> BF 1989 » UPDATE: As of November 18, 1988, the Garden’s $16 million fund- raising campaign had raised $13,700,223 in gifts and pledges. This fall the capital campaign celebrated two milestones. In mid- October, the drive passed the $13 million support mark on the way to its $16 million goal. Then, on October 26, workmen installed the last glass pane in the new glazing subframework erected beneath the Climatron’s historic geodesic dome. With the glazing now complete, work will proceed on the Clima- tron’s complete interior renovation. Generous gifts from Mrs. Hermann Spoehrer and the Shoenberg Foundation, Inc. since October have brought the drive’s fundraising to its current level. “We're delighted to have reached this important mile- stone in 1988, and with the continuing support of the Garden’s friends, we're confident of success,” said Robert E. Kresko, the steering com- mittee chairman. Help the Garden Grow From the St. Louts Post-Dispatch, November 22, 1988 For most of us, topics like the disappearing rainforests and the greenhouse effect may seem far away. But scientists who are making progress in studying and solving these crucial problems have an impor- tant laboratory for their work right in St. Louis: the Climatron at the Missour! Botanical Garden. This well-known symbol of the Garden 1s being refurbished so that its windows will let in as much light as neces- sary without the leaks and condensation that have hurt plants in the past. But the project needs help. Last April, the Kresge Foundation of Michigan issued a challenge grant to Shaw’s Garden: $650,000 for renovation of the Climatron, con- tingent on the Garden’s raising $1.7 million on its own to complete the project. Since then, more than $1 million has been raised, but the cam- paign still has another $650,000 to go by next fall. The pleasures of a day at Shaw’s Garden are many, and they are not expensive to enjoy. But they are expensive to maintain, both for the casual visitor and for the scientists engaged in the Garden’s path- breaking research. Its reputation for and commitment to excellence do not come cheap, and the problems it is trying to help solve are serious. Not everyone can do the scientific exploration necessary to help save rainforests or combat the greenhouse effect. But those who cannot contribute expertise can contribute money to fund it. Help the Garden reach its goal—for the rainforests, for everyone. —Reprinted by permission of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO SECOND CLASS Missourl1 Botanical arden VY MARCH / APRIL 1989 VOLUME LXXVil : mig : , NUMBER TWO a wits Bika Inside This Issue 4 History of the Board ame Of Trustees Part One: 1889 to 1901. In this centen- nial year, we take a look at the people and events that shaped the Garden's development. Environment Achieves International Recognition Earth is named “Planet of the Year”. Home Gardening Everything you need to know about starting seedlings. Gardening at the Garden Pollination by birds, bees and other agents. Research News Affiliated scientists enrich the Garden’s research program; conservation in Madagascar. Br r Calendar of Events Spring is blooming with exciting events and activities. Ask the Answer Service It’s time to gear up for the growing season, From the Membership Office New Board members and officers are elected. Planned Giving Seminar A new department debuts with a pro- gram on wills. Campaign Update The capital campaign meets the Kresge challenge grant. fF fs kK ik On the cover: The Japanese Garden comes alive in springtime. — Photo by Pat Watson 1989 Missouri Botanical Garden. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published bi-monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, MO. Subscription price $12.00 per year. $15.00 foreign. The BULLETIN is sent to every Member of the Garden as one of the benefits of membership. For a contribution of as little as $40 per year, Members also are entitled to: free admission to the Garden, Shaw Arboretum, and Tower Grove House; invitations to special events and receptions; announcements of all lectures and classes; discounts in the Garden Gate Shop and for course fees; and the opportunity to travel, domestic and abroad, with other Members. For information, please call (314) 577-5100. Postmaster: send address changes to Susan Wooleyhan, editor, BULLETIN, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Spring Activities Spring is the Gar- den’s most colorful " season and I hope every Member will find an opportunity to visit during March, April and May. In early March the Garden’s spring flower show will open, and this year’s plans are unique and quite exciting. With an old-fashioned garden centered around a gazebo as the theme, the show features snapdragons, pansies, fragrant stock and flowering shrubs including lilacs and crabapples. The show will open to the Members on Friday, March 10 (See p. 12). Our outdoor display gardens promise beauty and color for everyone to enjoy during spring. Beyond the floral displays, the Gar- den’s education division will be working on plans to open a Middle Investigative Learning Center as part of the St. Louis Public School’s Magnet School Program. This investigative learning center will pro- vide a full academic program for 6th, 7th, and 8th graders with a special emphasis on environmental sciences. Our educa- tion programs presently reach more than 100,000 children and adults and the crea- tion of the Missouri Botanical Garden Investigative Learning Center allows us to become more responsive to student needs. In our capital campaign efforts, the interior renovation of the Climatron is well underway and we are beginning to review and finalize the educational exhibits that will be part of the Climatron complex. At the conclusion of 1988 the Garden had raised over $14 million, and we are hopeful that we will be able to exceed the $16 mil- lion goal. The support from our member- ship, corporations, and foundations has been exceptional, and we are encouraged by such a continued strong showing of community support. A backstage Garden tour will be offered in March, giving Members a spe- cial opportunity to view facilities not regu- larly open to the public. This includes the library and herbarium and other research facilities in the Lehmann Building. Begin- ning on May 7 the Garden will host the second Fragrance Week, which was intro- duced in 1988 as the Fragrance Festival. This special celebration of scent will be sponsored by Famous-Barr Department Stores, and I encourage you to watch for additional information about all of the activities from May 7 through Mother’s Day, May 14. I look forward to your involvement in all of our spring activities. Cane Come CHINESE AMBASSADOR VISITS: Han Xu, the Chinese ambassador to the United States, visited the Garden on January 22 as part of St. Louis’ Chinese Cultural Festival. Shown (left to right) are Robert E. Kresko, president of the Board of Trustees; Mayor Vincent C. Schoemehl; Ambassador Han Xu; County Executive Gene McNary; and Dr. Peter H. Raven. The Garden is the U.S. coordinator for the Flora of China, a cooperative project with the People’s Republic of China. Thursday, January 5, and elected Robert E. Kresko as president, O. Sage Wightman III as first vice-president, and John K. Wallace Jr. as second vice-president. The Board also paid tribute to John H. Biggs, who is retiring after serving with distinction as president since January, 1984. Mr. Biggs, who joined the Board in June, 1983, was named an Emeritus Trustee of the Garden. Mr. Biggs presided over the Board during a period of unparalleled activity at the Garden. The first challenge was plan- ning for expenditure of the new property tax support approved by voters in 1983. The tax revenues provided needed funds for education and horticulture. “While this tax support has been a wonderful asset to the Garden, we still have a long way to go to develop facilities and programs,” Biggs said. During Biggs’ tenure the Garden also faced the challenge of organizing its current $16 million capital campaign. The Cam- paign for the Garden was launched in the spring of 1987, and it has received outstanding support from all sectors of the commu- nity (see page 20). The role of the Garden in the St. Louis community has expanded greatly in the past five years. “The Garden now is seen as a major research institution, and we have shown steady progress and success in making people aware of the educational programs available to the community. The perception is clearly that the Garden is an exciting place to visit,” Biggs said. Biggs commented that his role at the Garden, and his strong working relationship with Dr. Raven, have enriched his life immeasurably. While he would have liked to have seen the com- pletion of the capital campaign during his presidency, he feels that the Garden has developed a good plan for utilizing the new revenues and achieving the campaign's objectives. Director Peter H. Raven thanked Biggs for his dedication to the Garden and the St. Louis community. Raven said, “John Biggs provided this institution a clarity of leadership and a depth of professionalism that is rare. We are sorry he is leaving our community, but we will continue to benefit from his counsel.” Mr. Biggs, a native St. Louisan, is leaving to head TIAA/ CREF, the largest pension system and the fifth largest insurance company in the United States, with $70 billion in assets. Based in New York, it serves educational and non-profit institutions, with more than one million members in the U.S. Mr. Biggs was president of Centerre Trust Company (1985-88), and vice chan- cellor for administration and finance at Washington University (1977-85). Robert Kresko, the new president of the Board, serves as Tr Garden’s Board of Trustees held its annual meeting on BOARD OF TRUSTEES’ ANNUAL MEETING/New Officers Elected FAR LEFT: John Biggs (left) and Robert Kresko. LEFT (left to nght): Robert Kresko, John Biggs, Sage Wight- man, Peter Raven. Group Managing Partner of Trammell Crow Company with responsibilities for real estate developments in Tennessee, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida. He has worked in the real estate industry since 1961 and from 1961 through 1967 was associated with the Bakewell Corporation. In 1967 he joined the Trammell Crow Company. Kresko is a graduate and trustee of Brown University, serves as a director of the Cypress Fund, as a director of Boatmen’s Centerre Trust Company, and of the Nooney Real Estate Trust. He is a past director of the RCGA and of the Providence Program. A Garden Trustee since 1981, Kresko served first as chair- man of the Henry Shaw Annual Giving Fund and assumed leadership of the capital campaign in 1987. He is proud of the generous response the campaign has received from both corpo- rations and individuals. ‘“‘We are certain we will reach our goal in the near future, but this is not the end of the story,” Kresko said. “When we first met to formulate the outline for this capital cam- paign, the Garden had well over $20 million in capital and renova- tion needs. Those other needs still exist and it is my hope that we can go beyond our goal so that we can meet some of these other demands.” Looking to the future, Kresko feels it is of utmost importance to continue to expand the awareness and utilization of the Gar- den’s programs in the St. Louis community. This involves “expanding our work in environmental education and our leader- ship in finding reasonable and intelligent solutions to the environ- mental problems facing our community and the world.” Ina tribute to his predecessor, Kresko said, “John Biggs has left a positive impact on everything with which he has been associated. He has a terrific mind coupled with good common sense, and he will be missed.” The Board of Trustees also elected Joseph H. Bascom as Emeritus Trustee at the meeting. Stephen F. Brauer and David W. Kemper were named Life Trustees. Gerald D. Blatherwick and Howard A. Schneiderman each was reelected to a four- year term. In this centennial year of the Garden’s Board of Trustees, Samuel B. Hayes, president of Boatmen’s Bank, was named a term trustee, continuing a historical precedent. One hundred years ago, Rufus Lackland, then president of Boatmen’s Bank, was named to the original Board of Trustees by Henry Shaw’s will and was elected as its first president at the initial meeting on September 10, 1889. Also elected as a new term trustee was Andrew C. Taylor, president of Enterprise Leasing Company. CEVTEM MAL Board of Trustees rs. 8.4 G Te ee) Vlissouri Botanical Garden EDITOR'S NOTE: Joseph M. Schuster is a former editor of the Bulletin. He is a freelance writer whose work has appeared in St. Louis Magazine, Sport Magazine, Southern Style, and USA Today. Mr. Schuster lives in St. Louis. This history of the Board of Trustees and the growth of the Garden will be published in installments in the Bulletin during 1989. PART ONE/1889-1901 THE EARLY YEARS BY Joseph M. Schuster WHEN Henry Shaw died in the early hours of August 25, 1889, St. Louis lost arguably its most esteemed citizen of the day. He had come to the city from his native Sheffield, England, in 1819, and built a successful business selling hard- ware and other goods to pioneers and traders who used St. Louis as a launching point for journeys into the American west. Shaw also acquired a fortune in real estate, owning considerable property in the center of St. Louis’ business district, as well as the property which is now Mis- sour! Botanical Garden, Tower Grove Park and much of the city’s Shaw Neigh- borhood. At the time of his passing, newspaper accounts speculated his worth was $2.5 million, an astronomical sum in a day in which the $125 a month James Gur- ney earned as Shaw’s gardener was an excellent salary, in which a pound of steak cost 12 cents, a pound of flour 3 cents, and in which some of Shaw’s tenants were paying $17 a month rent for two floors ina comfortable house. During his lifetime, Shaw had been generous to his adopted St. Louis. In 1859, he opened a part of his country estate as a public botanical garden and nine years later deeded Tower Grove Park to the city. Because of his gifts and because of his stature, the entire city went into mourning immediately following his death. Flags flew at half mast and the mayor announced that all city offices would be closed the day of the funeral so that city workers could pay their respects. Shaw’s death, the St. Louis Republic reported on August 26, 1889, “cast a gloom over this city, which he loved so well and where he erected a monument for himself, not in brass or marble...but in the hearts of a grateful people.” While Shaw had been a life-long bachelor and had no descendents, he did leave behind family, friends and servants, to whom he had been generous during his lifetime. Had Shaw willed his fortune to any or all of these it would not have been surprising. When the will was made public a week after Shaw’s death (at least one newspaper published the nearly 8,000-word document in toto), it did include bequests to his friends and family—some quite generous. But it was the people of St. Louis who were the principal beneficiaries, since the will called for the continuation of the botanical garden Shaw had started 30 years earlier. The Garden would not be given to the city directly, as some speculated it might be, but would be maintained by a perma- nent Board of Trustees. Shaw had dis- tanced himself from partisan politics during his life, never seeking public office and never, apparently, taking a public stand on the issues of his day, including the Civil War. Presumably, he wanted to keep his Garden outside the direct influence of the vagaries of politics. The majority of the will, then, con- cerned itself with the conditions under which the Trustees would govern the Garden: It would be “easily accessible” for visitors, “forever kept up and main- tained for the cultivation... of plants,” and would include as a significant aspect the study of botany. Shaw provided that the Garden should be supported by much of his extensive commercial and residential real estate holdings from which the Trus- tees would collect rents. The will even laid out the names of the men who would be the first Trustees. Among the dozen were some of the brightest lights of St. Louis at the end of the last century. There was Joseph W. Branch, an Eng- lish immigrant who had been president of the Illinois & St. Louis Railroad. There was Henry Hitchcock II, whose son and grandson would follow him as members of the Board. Hitchcock was one of St. Louis’ most eminent attorneys, a founder of the American Bar Association and the man chiefly responsible for the establishment of the Washington University School of Law. There were Dr. John B. Johnson, a prominent physician and professor of medicine at Washington University; Rufus J. Lackland, president and director of Boatmen’s Bank; George A. Madill, Hitchcock’s law partner, a former circuit court judge and president of the Union Trust Company; Samuel Treat, a federal judge for 30 years; and James E. Yeatman, president of Merchants’ National Bank. Other Trustees named in the will were M. Dwight Collier, who resigned shortly after his appointment because he had moved to New York; David F. Kaime, Shaw’s attorney and long-time friend; and William H. H. Pettus, who would serve one of the longest terms of any Trustee, remaining on the Board until 1922. (Two Trustees named by Shaw, Gerard B. Allen and Adolphus Meier, died before Shaw did.) Shaw also provided for five ex officio Trustees—the Mayor of St. Louis, the chancellor of Washington University, the president of the St. Louis Academy of Sci- ence, the Episcopal Bishop of Missouri and the president of the St. Louis school board. The Trustees met for the first time on September 7, 1889, in Lackland’s office at Boatmen’s Bank. But it was an informal gathering, one at which the Trustees per- formed no official business and from which no records exist. The seven Trus- tees at this informal meeting composed and mailed a letter to the remaining seven named in the will, calling for a meeting on the 10th to officially “effect their organi- zation.” Three days after the informal gather- ing, the Board held its first formal meet- ing at 4 p.m., on September 10, in Shaw’s townhouse at Seventh and Locust. Most of those to whom letters had been sent on the 7th were present. But, Mayor Edward A. Noonan of St. Louis was not. He responded with a letter, stating that as the highest ranking public official in St. Louis, meetings should be held in his office and he refused to attend any held elsewhere. The Board, no doubt adhering to Shaw’s implied wish that the Garden remain out- side politics, declined to move the meet- ing. (The Board scheduled its subsequent meetings for the townhouse, and eventu- ally the tiff between the mayor and the Board became so heated that the press 4. ae ee started covering it at length.) The first orders of business were the election of a chairman and agreement to accept the property left them in Shaw’s will. As chairman, the Board chose Lack- land. While apparently no correspon- dence remains to explain the choice, the other members may have been moved by the fact that Lackland had proven himself as a capable man under fire; during the dangerous financial panic of 1876, while most other St. Louis banks were on the edge of collapse, Lackland kept many of them solvent using the resources of Boat- men’s Bank. Nearly 20 years later, after his death at 91 in 1910, the surviving mem- bers of the Board would remember him as “sagacious in his counsels, watchful in his care... wise in his suggestions for direc- tion of his associates.” The Board met again the next day, — , TOP: The Conservatory, built in September 11, to choose a director and to — 1868, was the main display green- establish a committee to plan the perma- << 4a 7 house until the Palm House was nent organization of the Board. For the ol \ Built in 1912. position of director, the Board appointed F. . 34-year-old William Trelease, then Engel- , = - LEFT: Rufus J. Lackland, first mann Professor at Washington Univer- 7 president of the Board of Trustees. sity’s Shaw School of Botany. Henry ‘ , BELOW: The tornado on May 27, Shaw, himself, had recruited Trelease for | 1808 desivoved 450 trees. the professorship in 1885 after Asa Gray, the esteemed American botanist and Har- vard professor, recommended Trelease as ‘no more than 30 (but) a model scholar and teacher in Botany.” There is evidence that, in appointing Trelease as Garden director, the Trustees were following instructions from Shaw himself: When Gray wrote to Trelease in May 1885 urg- ing him to pursue the Washington Univer- sity position, he told him, “You might look to succeed the founder as the director of the Garden—not very soon, I hope, but quite as soon as you wish to assume such responsibility.” With the Board established, the presi- dent elected and the director appointed, the Trustees set about the work of governing the Garden. During the early years, governing the Garden meant seeing to repairs and reconstruction. Toward the end of Shaw’s life, he was infirm and many of the Gar- den’s features had declined. Woodwork had decayed from exposure to the ele- ments; the walls surrounding the Garden | years the Trustees governed the Garden In 1892, the Trustees paid out $33,500 were crumbling; some of the green- | were extraordinarily dry ones, forcing the | to dismantle and reconstruct Shaw’s houses were inadequate and in need of | Trustees to turn to the City of St. Louis | townhouse within the Garden, following repair; Tower Grove House, which had | for water, meaning a cost of $2,300 to lay | terms of his will. There was also the become the director’s residence, was | pipe. In the first year alone, the Trustees | $18,000 the Trustees had to spend to sal- found unsanitary by city inspectors; the | laid out more than $20,000 for main- | vage the museum Shaw had built. gravel Garden walks, which used only a | tenance and repairs to the Garden. And In 1896, the Garden suffered exten- thin layer of rock over earth, were unusa- | the cost mounted in the years that ble in winter. In addition, the first five | followed. continued on next page Ol HOPE FOR THE RAIN FORESTS From the Los Angeles Times, November 28, 1988: The devastation of tropical rain for- ests, most conspicuous in Brazil, may finally be slowing. There are encouraging indications, welcome even if too late to reverse the effect on world temperatures and “the greatest loss of species that the world has ever experienced.” This is the judgment of Ghillean T. Prance, the new director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, on the fringes of London. He was speaking at the Missouri Botanical Garden, on the fringes of St. Louis. You may be surprised to learn that Prance, Kew, the Missouri Garden and Peter H. Raven, its director, are at the center of the struggle to rescue the tropi- cal forests of the world. The Kew and Missouri botanical gar- dens are more than pretty parks with extraordinary collections of plants. They are global research centers engaged in the struggle for survival of plant species and, ultimately, humankind. They are two of the most important places for rescuing tropical species from extinction. The total of specimens in the Missouri Botanical Garden herbarium reached 3.5 million last summer—‘among the most important in the world,’ Prance noted. He was in St. Louis to receive the Henry Shaw Medal in recognition of his own work as the collector of 30,000 spe- cies from the Brazilian Amazon, among them 300 new species. [See the Bulletin, January-February 1989, page 3.] So his words about conservation had a special meaning, an authentic urgency. Brazil has cut and burned more than 30,000 square miles of primary rain forest in the last two years, he reported. In the summer of 1987 a satellite passing over the southern Amazon of Brazil picked up 6,803 points of fire, with smoke rising to the upper atmosphere. The total burn, including primary forests and reburning of already cleared land, rose from more than 78,000 square miles in 1987 to more than 95,000 square miles—about the area of Oregon—this year. And Brazil is not alone in destroying rain forests. Pictures of the terrible burns seem to have played a decisive role in winning a change of policy from President Jose Sar- ney of Brazil, Prance reported. Last month, in an address to the Brazilian nation, Sarney announced new measures MS OS CENTENNIAL continued sive damage from two storms. On May 21, hail destroyed 6,000 glass panes in the greenhouses. Less than a week later, a tornado roared through the Garden, des- troying 450 trees. Total cost: nearly $4,500. The Trustees also were saddled with financial and other problems from the property Shaw left to support the Gar- den. For 1890, the property set aside to maintain the Shaw School of Botany real- ized no income after taxes and expenses; the school faced a deficit of $2,000, which the Trustees had to meet from other sources. Beyond that was the fact that, to collect the income from their rental prop- erty, the Trustees had to be landlords, meaning a good deal of their business dur- ing the 1890s concerned the problems of leaking roofs and clogged drains in apart- ments and houses in the surrounding neighborhood. By 1900, the Garden was operating at a deficit, ending the year in the red by more than $12,000. But Shaw had chosen his caretakers well, and the outlook was not all bleak. to slow Amazon forest destruction, including an end to tax incentives for deforestation projects and limits on cattle- raising projects, Prance said. Rain forest destruction is one of two major contributors to the greenhouse effect that now almost certainly will raise world temperatures by at least 3 degrees Celsius (about 5 degrees Fahrenheit), he said. The other principal culprit is the burning of fossil fuels, oil and gas, most of it consumed by the developed nations. This means that all industrialized nations, not just the developing nations that are destroying the great rain forests, are con- tributing to the climatic changes that bode widespread dislocation like the drought in the American Midwest last summer, he said. “Tf there is to be any future for tropical rain forests and for the half of the world’s species which they harbor, it will be through a balance between conservation of natural ecosystems and rational, sus- tainable utilization of the other areas,” Prance concluded. Profound advice. That is why, in his view, botanists must do more than collect and catalogue. They must also become engaged in “economic botany, the study of useful plants.” —Reprinted by permission of the Los Angeles Times. PE DELETE PEELE BTID EAE EIGEN CEB RTE LS LIE ETI CG BES LALO NI A LIES AE TTT NET! For one thing, the improvements that were costing so much money were paying dividends of a sort other than financial. Popular Gardening cited the Garden as “magnificent,” and the number of visitors increased. While the first year had seen days on which only six souls ventured into the Garden, by 1898, there were close to 90,000 visitors for the year. In addition, the Garden was beginning to be recognized for its scientific work. One of the first actions of the Board not long after its formation was to approve the hiring of an assistant for Trelease, A. S. Hitchcock (no relation to Trustee Henry Hitchcock), who made the Garden’s first botanical collecting trip, in 1890, when he went to the West Indies. The Board also approved Trelease’s pursuit of the botani- cal library of Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant, an estensive collection of rare and valuable early manuscripts and books. By 1909, the library would have more than 60,000 books and pamphlets—a dramatic increase over the fewer than 5,000 the Garden had in 1889. With the accession of an herbarium left by Shaw’s friend, botanist and physi- cian George Engelmann, the herbarium of botanist Johann Bernhardi, which Shaw acquired in 1857, and collections by Gar- den botanists, the herbarium was also growing, reaching more than 600,000 specimens by 1909. Even in the midst of all this growth, the Trustees also found themselves capa- ble of solving the Garden’s financial prob- lems. Seeing that the greatest burden to them was the property outside the Garden—the commercial and residential real estate Shaw left them—they peti- tioned the courts, in 1896, for permission to sell that property not directly related to the Garden. While some argued that Shaw’s will appeared not to allow such a move, the Trustees pointed to language in the will prohibiting the sale of his property set aside for the public good, and main- tained that while the Garden was for the public good, the rental property was not necessarily so. The value of the land in question was in excess of $1 million. The court granted the Trustees’ peti- tion, and, while it took several years to dispose of the property, by 1901 the Gar- den was in the black once more—only a year after the Trustees found themselves with a deficit. —To be continued. v 6. aoe aa ao ah Ee SP Ee BE case CSAS WS Ge GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL GRISIS ACHIEVES INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION The Garden and its director, Dr. Peter H. Raven, have long been at the forefront of the effort to encourage awareness and commitment to the environmen- tal problems threatening our world. With Time magazine proclaiming Earth ‘Planet of the Year,’ discussion has intensified on the fate of the rain forests, extinction rates, pollution and population control. As national and international news media increase their coverage of envi- ronmental issues, worldwide attention is focussed on these critical concerns. TIME Cover Story The 33-page cover story (Janu- ary 2, 1989) titled ‘What On Earth Are We Doing?”, grew out of a conference organized by Time magazine. For three days last November, 33 experts on the environment met with Time journalists at the National Cen- ter for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. Included were scientists, administrators and political leaders from five continents, including a team from the Soviet Union headed by Fyodor Morgun, chairman of the state committee for environ- mental protection. Among the participants were Dr. Raven, E. O. Wilson of Harvard University, and U.S. Senators Albert Gore Jr. and Timothy Wirth. The story quoted Dr. Raven as predicting “that during the next three decades man will drive an average of 100 species to extinction every day. Extinction is part of evolution, but the present rate is at least 1,000 times the pace that has prevailed since prehistory.” Dr. Raven also was quoted saying, “All nations are tied together as to their common fate. We are all facing a common problem, whichis, How are we going to keep this single resource we have, namely the world, viable?” Joint U.S.-Soviet Committee International cooperation on this urgent problem is the theme of another significant project, the formation of a joint Committee on Global Ecology Concerns by the national science academies of the United States and the Soviet Union. As reported in the December 14, 1988 edition of The New York Times International edition, members of the academies met recently in Irvine, California, to discuss issues they regard as equal in importance to nuclear arms control. The committee warned that Earth’s “ecological security” is threatened, and agreed to make policy recommendations to their governments on environmental problems. Dr. Raven is a member of the JANUARY 2. 1989 PLANET Endangered Earth American delegation, and partic- ipated in the conference. ABC News Features Raven Dr. Raven also was featured as “Person of the Week” on ABC “World News Tonight’ with Peter Jennings on October 14, 1988. The occasion highlighted “World Rain Forest Week.” Jen- nings and Raven summarized the factors threatening the tropics and the global implications of these issues. The work of the Garden, and Dr. Raven, was used to illustrate the urgency of dealing with world popula- tion growth and competition for dwindling, irreplaceable resources. Continuing Emphasis Dr. Raven said recently, “It is exciting and gratifying to work with world leaders to begin to find solutions to these problems on an international basis. It is only through a broad basis of cooperation that we will be able to deal with the environmental crisis facing our world. “But these solutions will depend on education of individuals. Here in St. Louis, the Gar- den has always focussed its educational and research programs on the environment, offering a significant resource to the St. Louis community and the entire State of Missouri. “There is hope; it is not too late. The actions we take today can make a difference,” Dr. Raven concluded. Garden Scientists Featured in Special Lecture Series Among the scientists at the Garden are some of the top plant scientists in the world. A special series of eight Wednesday evening lectures, March through May, will introduce these sci- entists, give audiences a glimpse of fascinating locations, and provide a close look at some of the world’s more unusual and interesting plants. This series of fully illustrated ‘curators’ talks” begins March 15 and runs eight Wednesday evenings, through May 24. The series subscription is $35; $25 for Garden mem- bers and $20 for senior citizens. Single session tickets are $5; $4 for Garden members and $3 for senior citizens. All lectures are at 7 p.m. in the Ridgway Center at 4344 Shaw Boulevard. The individual lectures are fully described in the Spring Courses and Lectures brochure that recently was mailed to all Members. See the Calendar of Events on pages 12-13, or call 577-5140 for more information. Registration is limited. ~ H: O Sd GARDENING M:E SUCCESS WITH SEEDLINGS Spring is right around the corner, and with its arrival comes the rush to have plants ready to fill garden beds and bor- ders. The following tips will help you on your way to the healthiest crop of trans- plants ever. SCHEDULING For starters, it’s a good idea to read about seeds you haven't tried before. Note special germination requirements and recommended planting methods that will improve your results and help you schedule the best time to sow. Some seeds need light to germinate and shouldn't be covered; others require dark- ness. Seeds with thick seed coats may need to be soaked overnight or sanded lightly with a nail file (called scarification) before sowing. Perennials, trees, and shrubs sometimes require periods of cold, moist storage (called stratification) if they are to germinate. Seed packets, catalogs, pamphlets accompanying mail order seed, and books are all good sources of information. Determine the best time to sow each type of seed by counting back from the recommended transplanting date. Seeds started too early are often potbound or too tall and spindly by transplant time. SOIL AND POTS Commercial seed-starting soil mix- tures are excellent; they are sterile, free of weeds, hold plenty of water, but still drain well. Use only clean containers, as soil clinging to old pots can harbor fungi and other diseases. You can clean old con- tainers with a 10 percent solution of chlo- rine bleach in water. Scrub pots with a brush, and rinse thoroughly. Whether you use plastic bedding plant “six-packs” or recycled cottage cheese containers, they should have plenty of holes for adequate drainage. Before filling your containers and sowing seeds, soak the soil mix in warm water for a day to be sure it is thoroughly moistened. If you skip this step, the mix- ture will tend to float out of the pots or flats if you are watering from the bottom; if you water from the top, the water will flow right through the pot almost without effect. SOWING Overcrowded seedlings are more prone to disease and tend to be weak and spindly, so don’t sow seeds too thickly. Mix tiny seeds with a small quantity of white sandbox sand before sowing to help you distribute them evenly. If you are sowing in flats, space medium-size seeds about one-half inch apart, and large seeds at one-inch intervals. If you sow directly into pots, plant only a few seeds per pot, spacing them carefully. After they sprout, remove all but the strongest seedling. “Jiffy” pots made of compressed peat are especially handy, as they can be set in the ground without removing the plant at all. Be certain to trim off the pot level with the ground to keep water from “wicking” up from below. Thin your seedlings soon after they germinate, to avoid overcrowding and ensure good air circulation. Using a scis- sors to snip off unwanted seedlings will minimize root disturbance. WATER AND LIGHT Keep seeds evenly moist until they germinate. Cover flats loosely with plastic dry cleaner’s bags supported by a wood or wire framework. The plastic must not touch the surface of the soil or the emerg- ing seedlings. Plastic storage boxes also work well. Be sure bags or boxes are not tightly sealed, so air can circulate. Remove the plastic once seeds have ger- minated. To discourage damping off and encourage formation of deep roots, water seedlings from the bottom. Soak pots or flats until the water reaches just below the surface of the soil. Once the seedlings have two true leaves, begin weekly feed- ings with diluted fertilizer, generally a half-strength solution of 9-45-15 water- soluble plant food. Seedlings need bright light for sturdy, compact growth. Greenhouses are ideal for starting seedlings, but you can pro- duce excellent ones under ordinary fluorescent lights. Keep the lights no RRR RR RRR tk ier ATE RS: more than two to three inches above the tops of the seedlings and keep the lights on for about 18 hours per day. TRANSPLANTING Seedlings sown in flats should be moved to individual pots once they have two pairs of true leaves. Gently lift the seedlings, and the soil that clings to the roots, with a spoon, a knife, or a flat wooden stick. Hold onto a leaf to avoid inadvertently crushing or breaking the stem. While a damaged leaf can be replaced, a stem can’t. Transplant into pre-dampened potting mix, as dry soil can quickly pull the moisture out of delicate seedlings. To minimize transplant stress, harden seedlings before moving them to the gar- den. Slowly expose them to the condi- tions they must adapt to by moving them outdoors in the morning or afternoon for an hour. Gradually increase the exposure each day until you leave the plants out for 24 hours. You'll need to watch them closely during this adjustment period. TIPS FOR BUYING BEDDING PLANTS If you choose to purchase bedding plants this spring, be sure to inspect them carefully. Plants that have been baked ona sunny sidewalk or watered improperly are no bargain. Yellow-green leaves, scraggly or limp plants, wilted foliage, and bleached-out flowers all are signs of plants to avoid. Also look closely to make sure you won't be bringing home pests with your purchase. Whiteflies, tiny sucking insects often described as “flying dandruff,’ are common on bedding plants. Shake the leaves gently and if you see some flutter up, look elsewhere for your plants. Also keep an eye out for tiny webs of spider mites in foliage and flowers, and for aphids, slugs, or mealybugs. Don’t be tempted by displays of bed- ding plants that appear long before it is warm enough for them to go into the gar- den. Some annuals grow well in cool tem- peratures, but many won't thrive if planted outdoors before the soil has warmed and night temperatures remain above 60 °F. Finally, although annuals in full flower or tomatoes with fruit already started are tempting, avoid them if possible. Plants not yet in flower are better able to with- stand transplant stress. They also have a chance to grow the strong roots they need to support blooms all season long. —Barbara Ellis 8. aes Gardening If you’d like to understand what the birds and bees really do in the spring, con- sider the love life of flowering plants. Disclaimer: everything in this article is subject to exceptions and variations. It helps to learn the names of flower parts. Everybody knows what petals are, and that often these are fused edge-to-edge to form a tube. The petals surround the sta- mens, which look like threads tipped with little bags, the anthers. Anthers produce microscopic pollen grains, and <5 a at ST FRR B Hummingbirds’ beaks often correspond to the shapes of the flowers they pollinate. these typically are carried to another flower by those famous birds and bees, or by other bugs, wind, water, or bats. To bring about sexual fertilization, the pollen grain must be deposited onto the receptive tip of the pistil, which is the female structure at the flower center. From here a tiny tube grows out of the pollen grain and delivers a sperm to a potential seed deep in the pistil. This triggers maturation of the seed and trans- formation of the pistil into the fruit enclosing the seed(s). Creatures don't deliver pollen to be helpful—they carry it from flower to flower incidentally while seeking sugary nectar, protein-enriched pollen or starchy flower parts as food. Some tricky flowers lure gullible pollinators by providing fake nectar, fake members of the pollinator’s opposite sex, or fake odors of rotting flesh (if they are pollinated by flies). Certain flowers of very cold regions are shaped like dish-type TV antennae and focus the sun’s rays onto what must be a toasty warm perching point for insect visitors. The Birds mimetic gna the Bees Many familiar north-temperate trees (oaks, hickories, ashes, elms, birches, walnuts, and others) and many nonwoody plants (grasses, sedges, ragweed) have tiny, inconspicuous flowers pollinated by wind. Not needing to attract living pollina- tors, such flowers lack petals or they have very small, often greenish petals. Wind- pollinated flowers tend to be clustered, with those in many trees, particularly male flowers, forming long, dangling cat- kins or aments. Examples can be seen all over the Garden in the spring (if you can stop sneezing long enough to notice). The seed-producing female flowers often have long antennalike stigmas that catch windborne pollen grains. Wind- pollinated plants must flower with- out foliage in the way: this means in the spring before the leaves come out for trees, or with flowers above the leaves for grasses. Bees are the world’s greatest pollinators, and the flowers they pollinate are diverse. Just as the flowers are adapted to the bees, the bees can be adapted to the flowers. For instance, honey bees have sophisti- cated apparatus for collecting pollen on their legs and a complex dance that allows them to report to others in the hive the direction and distance to flowers. Fre- quently bee flowers are tubular and horizontal, with a ramplike landing plat- form or “‘lip,” this often marked with “nectar guides” leading into the floral tube. Bee flowers tend to be sweetly fra- grant, and often are blue, yellow, or pur- ple. Bees are sensitive to ultraviolet light, which people cannot see, so when certain flowers are photographed using UV- sensitive equipment, surprising (to peo- ple, not to the bees) patterns show up. Watch for fancy mechanisms for accurate placement of pollen onto the bee and its recovery from the same spot. These are highly varied, sometimes have moving parts, and can be challenging puzzles to interpret. Some familiar blossoms polli- nated by bees are: violets (nectar guides!), snapdragons, foxgloves, blue salvias (with a snazzy lever mechanism for dabbing pollen), black locusts (which dust the bee from below when it alights), and lots of orchids (with astounding tricks and traps). Red flowers belong mostly to birds, whose flowers also can be bright combi- nations of orange, green, or yellow. Bird flowers are not very fragrant, produce enough nectar for a bird-sized appetite, and often have long, narrow tubes. As with other pollinators, the form of the flower accommodates the “right” pollina- tors but tends to exclude “robbers” who take nectar or pollen without exchanging pollen. The tubes on many bird flowers match the birds’ beaks like lock and key. The only Missouri bird pollinators are hummingbirds, which visit trumpet creepers, trumpet honeysuckles, pinkroots, royal catchflys, fuchsias (in the Linnean House), cardinal flowers, and scarlet salvias, all of which are displayed at the Garden. Butterflies alight to suck nectar with their long, thin unrolling proboscises. The flowers they visit, often pastels, red, or white, tend to have faint, sweet scents. They often provide landing platforms— but not like those for bees. The whole flat ring of petals spreads out horizontally around a narrow vertical tube that the but- terfly probes with its proboscis. Often clustered, these flowers look a little like witch’s hats upside down with the rim cor- responding to the landing platform and the peak of the hat representing the nar- row tube. Also popular with butterflies are members of the Composite family, whose small, narrow flowers are tightly clustered, usually into broad, horizontal landing platforms. Familiar butterfly flowers include verbenas, phloxes, milk- weeds (heavily visited by bees as well), lantanas, and buddlejas (also known as “butterfly bushes’’). Unlike their butterfly kin, moths hover with no need for landing platforms, at night, so the flowers are white or pale, frequently with frilly silhouettes. They often lure the moths from long distances with intense fragrances, which are almost as compelling to humans as to moths. (1 wonder if the perfume “Jungle Gardenia” draws moths?) The proboscises on moths can be ridiculously long—up to a foot— and many moth flowers have long, skinny tubes or nectar in deep recesses to match. Examples include the Missouri evening primrose, jasmine, white cam- pion, bouncing bet, pale-flowered honey- suckles, and sansevierias. —George Rogers, Ph.D. RESEARCH NEWS LALA TLE NOLL ALE ELE LE ELITE EEL LN LEN MIE OSI MRE Partners in Research and Exploration The Missouri Botanical Garden has developed a vast network of collaborating scientists all over the world. Through the years these individuals have established close working relationships with the Gar- den. Their research interests vary widely and cover many areas of botany and geo- graphic regions in which the Garden itself is not especially active. Some of these sci- entists have visited the Garden for extended periods at some point in their professional careers; others have been or are currently involved in joint research efforts with Garden staff. They all are val- ued as important contributors to our insti- tution’s commitment to the study and understanding of the world’s natural resources. In order to recognize these very close working relationships in a meaningful way, the Garden appoints some of its scientific collaborators as Research Associates and/or Honorary Curators. A very special category of Curator Emeritus also has been established to recognize close, long and very successful associations. Only one individual, Dr. John D. Dwyer, cur- rently holds this title. Affihation with the Garden in any one of these capacities involves no specific obligation on either side. It gives both parties, however, the opportunity to derive mutual benefits from exchange of information, support for research efforts, use of research and library facilities, and other activities. The association main- tains the potential for stronger ties and increased collaboration when this is con- sidered appropriate. The Garden is very pleased to count among its closest associates this out- standing group of scientists. This issue includes an account of Dr. Barbara Schaal’s current work at Washington University. Future issues will feature work by other Garden associates. BARBARA SCHAAL/Genetics and Evolution Barbara Schaal 1s a professor of biol- ogy at Washington University, and is currently acting © chairman of the biol- ogy department. Dr. Schaal received her Ph.D. in population : = biology from Yale in 1974 and she has been a research associ- ate of the Garden since 1980, when she joined the faculty of Washington Univer- sity. She serves as the alternate for Chan- cellor William H. Danforth to the Garden’s Board of Trustees. The research in my lab deals with the genetics of plants. We investigate how the biology of plants influences their evolution through such characteristics as clonal growth, diverse breeding systems, and long life spans. Our studies require analy- sis of genetic variation within a species, using recombinant DNA technologies. Direct analysis of DNA sequences has provided a powerful new tool for expand- ing our understanding of plant evolution, including problems that could not be analyzed in the past. DNA sequences also can be used to study relationships among species, genera and families of plants, tracing the evolution of a plant group through specific chemical changes that have occurred. With computer models and statistical techniques, we can reconstruct evolution- ary pathways. Our current studies of this type include adaptive radiation in Hawai- ian plants, hybridization in the evolution of Barnett, Lisa, Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 Bernhardt, Peter, Dept. of Biology, Laclede Avenue, St. Louis University, Carr, Bruce L., Dept. of Education, St. Louis Zoological Park, Forest Park, RESEARCH AFFILIATES Curator Emeritus Dwyer, John D., P.O. Box 299, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63166 St. Louis, MO 6Si08 Honorary Curators St. Louis, MO 63110 Ayala Flores, Franklin, Apartado 421, Iquitos, Peru Chen, Chia-jui, Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, 141 Hsi Chih Men Wai Ta Chie, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Correa A., Mireya D., Herbario, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Panama, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama, Panama Crisci, Jorge V., Divisién Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina Gomez, Luis Diego, P.0. Box 73, San Vito, Coto Brus, Costa Rica Renteria Arriaga, Enrique, Departamento de Quimica y Biologia, Universidad Tecnolégica del Choc6, Apartado Aéreo 292, Quibdé (Chocé), Colombia Sousa S., Mario, Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biologia, U.N.A.M., Apartado Postal 70-367, Delegacién Coyoacan, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico Wu, P. C., Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, 141 Hsi Chin Men Wai Ta Chie, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Research Associates Aronson, James, c/o Dr. Carlos Ovalle, I.N.I.A., Casilla 426, Chillin, Chile Arroyo, Mary T. K., Facultad de Ciencias, Depto. de Biologia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile Averett, John, National Wildflower Research Center, 2600 FM 973 North, Austin, TX 78725 DeVries, Philip, Dept. of Zoology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1064 Dietrich, Werner, Botanischer Garten, Universitat Diisseldorf, Universitits- strasse 1, Diisseldorf D-4000, West Germany Dillon, Michael, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 Faden, Robert, Dept. of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 Foster, Robin B., Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 Graham, Alan, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240 Hartshorn, Gary, World Wildlife Fund-U.S., 1250 Twenty-fourth St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 Hoover, W. Scott, 718 Henderson Road, Williamstown, MA 01267 Kapos, Valerie, c/o Dr. E. Tanner, School of Botany, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom Keating, Richard C., Dept. of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University- Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026 Kuijt, Job, Dept. of Biology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta TIK 3M4, Canada 10. ate oxeyumanereemlyeeleteetecnm A New APPROACH TO CONSERVATION AFRICA suas Indian Ocean iia BEeeeLE Ys, MADAGASCAR Barbara Schaal (continued) oaks, and relationships among pine spe- cies in Mexico. Much of our work is conducted on plants native to Missouri, specifically in the dry glade habitats where bedrock lies close beneath the surface soil. Many of the species that grow in Missouri glades are found nowhere else, and can be used as genetic models for rare or endangered species in general. The results can be used to devise schemes for conservation of genetic resources of threatened spe- cies and to maintain genetic diversity for future plant breeding. The Garden has announced plans for an ambitious new conservation program in Madagascar. With the help of a $450,000 grant from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the three-year, $1.45 million project will be one of the first of its kind ever attempted. Its innovative approach combines creation of a national park with local economic development. The Gar- den’s director, Peter H. Raven, hopes that the program can be a model for future conservation projects. The program is a major step forward in protection of tropi- cal rain forests, and places the Garden at the forefront of world conservation efforts. Porter P. Lowry II, who heads the Garden’s research program in Madagas- car, explains, “The park is a traditional approach to conservation. While it will provide a tremendous laboratory for sci- entists to inventory and study plants and animals, it solves only half the problem. “The other part of the project responds to the pressing needs of local residents, who often see conservation projects as threatening their very survival by placing land needed for agriculture off limits. Through improved land use and rural development programs, we can offer them alternatives to clearing the rain for- est for cattle grazing, logging, farming and firewood. Enabling the local people to improve their standard of living also takes the pressure off the preservation area.” “Progress in the tropics depends on combining sustainable development with conservation,” said Dr. Raven. “Unless conservation projects benefit local resi- dents, they have little chance of success.” Madagascar is an ideal site for this landmark program, as the island is both extraordinarily biologically important and extraordinarily endangered. Deforesta- tion has destroyed 90 percent of the coun- try’s forests, and many of its plant and animal species are either extinct or threatened with extinction. Of the 10,000 plant species in Madagascar, 75 percent are unique to the island. If current land use practices are continued, virtually all of the country’s plants and animals will be destroyed in the next 20 or 30 years by the creation of man-made deserts. The 1200-square-mile national park to be created under the Garden’s supervi- sion will encompass the entire Masoala Peninsula (see the Bulletin, September- October 1988). It will be the largest pro- tected area in Madagascar, and will shel- ter the island’s only remaining virgin rain forest. The project has the support of the government of Madagascar, and will work with two local agencies, the Malagasy Lutheran Church and the Ministry of Water and Forests. Leverich, W. Joseph, Dept. of Biology, St. Louis University, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103 Lieberman, Milton E., Dept. of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 Lowrey, Timothy K., Dept. of Botany, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511 Meijer, Willem, Herbarium, School of Biological Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225 Mohlenbrock, Robert, Dept. of Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 Mulkey, Stephen, Dept. of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499 Nadkarni, Nalini M., Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of California- Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 Peng, Ching-I, Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China Pilz, George E., P.O. Box 34, Tegucigalpa, D.C., Honduras Randrianasolo, Voara, B. P. 3391, Antananarivo 101, Democratic Republic of Madagascar Redfearn Jr., Paul L., Dept. of Botany, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65804 Reese, William D., Biology Department, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451 Robbins, Laurie R., Dept. of Biology, Allegheny College, North Main, Meadville, PA 16335 Louis, MO 63130 Gary, IN 46408 63130 Rogstad, Steven H., Dept. of Biology, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130 Schaal, Barbara, Dept. of Biology, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, St. Seigler, David, Dept. of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Sheffer, R. D., Dept. of Biology, Indiana University Northwest, 3400 Broadway, Sork, Victoria, Dept. of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499 Steiner, Kim E., National Botanic Gardens of South Africa, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Republic of South Africa Stotler, Barbara, Hepatic Herbarium, Department of Botany, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 Stotler, Raymond, Hepatic Herbarium, Department of Botany, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 Sussman, Robert, Dept. of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO Taylor, Charlotte M., Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931 Templeton, Alan R., Dept. of Biology, Washington University, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130 Todzia, Carol A., Plant Resources Center, Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713 G Missouri Botanical Garden CALENDAR OF EVENTS March-April 1989 We 4 DY P|

J. \ Jy NEY \ Aaa Ww oes af & & Rock-dwelling Begonia from Taiwan A Begonia species new to science, known only from Taichung and Chiayi counties of Taiwan, has been named in honor of Dr. Peter H. Raven for his contri- butions toward the advancement of plant systematics and evolution. Dr. Ching-I Peng, a former doctoral student of Dr. Raven, discovered and named the plant. This species, Begonia ravenit, is char- acterized by tubers and stolons which ter- minate in tubers. This growth habit produces an entangled mass that attaches the plant securely to the steep rocky slopes it inhabits in the wild. Pink to pale purple flowers are borne on erect plants 90 centimeters tall at maturity. Tubers hand-delivered by Dr. Peng are being grown for future display in the Climatron. Look for this unusual Begonia when the Climatron reopens. menincomenuiea Program Offers Seminar “Giving requires good sense” —Ovtd. The Missouri Botanical Garden, Henry Shaw’s own delight and life-long interest, became the memorial to his life through his will. Mr. Shaw displayed emi- nent good sense by careful preparation of a will, in fact, more than one will, to be sure that his property would be dis- tributed as he wanted. His will was the link between his life and his goal—the wish to have others, particularly future generations, share in his vision. The Gar- den has instituted the Planned Giving Program to provide its Members with information and assistance in evaluating their estate plans. A will is the vehicle that allows a last- ing connection between an individual and the people and interests that person holds most dear. As in Shaw’s case, a will can create a memorial that distributes a per- son’s present achievements into future generations. While it is rewarding, executing or revising a will is immensely practical—and very good sense. It is estimated that more than 50 percent of Americans die without a will. For these people, the state decides how their property will be dis- tributed, and these decisions could be in conflict with the deceased’s wishes. As a service to interested Members, the Garden will hold a Wills Seminar on March 29 at 9:30 a.m. in the Garden Room, Ridgway Center. The presentation will discuss the importance of a will and will preparation, including a period for questions and answers. This seminar is useful both for those who have not yet made out a will and also for those who have a will, but perhaps have not reviewed it for some time. Seating is limited, and reservations can be made by returning the form provided or by calling 577-9532. i OR SS ER Re er Planned Giving Seminar Return to: Planned Giving, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Name Address Phone Number of persons in my party L_] 1 would like more information on planned giving options. Please have Ernestina Short contact me. So that the information can best be tailored to my needs, my age is: L] 50 or over LJ under 50 NEWS FROM SHAW ARBORETUM Native Plant and Wildflower Area In December, 1988, the Garden re- ceived a very generous gift from Blanton J. Whitmire to develop and maintain a native plant and wildflower area at Shaw Arboretum. The gift was a tribute from Mr. Whitmire in honor of his wife, Peggy. The area will contain only wildflowers, shrubs and trees that are native to Mis- souri, and will be laid out in a plan of trails and paths similar to the English Woodland Garden at the Garden. In a meadow adja- cent to the woodland site, a prairie area Master Plan for Arboretum The Edward K. Love Conservation Foundation has approved a grant of $75,000 for the development of a Master Plan for Shaw Arboretum. The plan will be prepared by Environmental Planning and Design (EPD) of Pittsburgh, who have been master planners for the Garden for the past 15 years. Representatives of EPD met with Garden and Arboretum staff in January to begin the planning process. The Arboretum has added nearly 50 percent to its area since the original tract was purchased in the 1920s. Attendance will be incorporated to display typical prai- rie wildflowers and grasses. The exhibit will be designed to educate visitors in the importance of native plants, using signs, labels and trail guides. “This splendid new addition coincides with the beginning of planning for the overall development of the Arboretum, and we are delighted with Mr. Whitmire’s very generous gift and with the wonderful opportunities it presents,’ commented Dr. Raven. has more than doubled over the past five years. In order to meet these increasing demands, and to realize fully the Arbore- tum’s potential as a facility devoted to environmental education and conserva- tion, a comprehensive plan for its development is of critical importance. “T cannot think of any contribution more fundamental to the future of the Arboretum than the development of a proper master plan at this time,” Dr. Raven said. “It will ensure its maximum utility to the people of the area.” The plan is expected to be completed in 1990. Extended Hours for Loop Road From April 5 through November 9, the Trail House Loop Road will be open to vehicles from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., every Wednesday and Thursday. This extends the length of time the Loop Road is open to include the months of July and August. For more information please call the Arboretum at 577-5138. IN MEMORIAM George D. Greene Staff and friends of the Garden were saddened by the death last November of George D. Greene, who held the title Curator of Old Roses at the Garden. Mr. Greene was committed to the study and preservation of old rose cultivars, and in 1968 he formed the Old Rose Committee with Mrs. John S. Lehmann, Derek Burch, Edgar Anderson, and Walter Lewis. Mr. Greene’s enthusiasm and hard work added much to the development of the rose collection at the Garden, and specimens of old English shrub roses are part of the Lehmann Rose Garden today. Sissi nicinscaia ieee ead a ea ee ee ee Ce or ee me ee EDUCATION DIVISION NEWS Grant To Train Teachers in Environmental Science The Missouri Botanical Garden's edu- cation division has received a National Science Foundation grant of $128,133 to help train St. Louis area teachers in ecol- ogy and environmental science. The title of the project is “A Short Course in Ecol- ogy and Environmental Science for Teachers: Grades 4-8.” It will provide 50 hours of environmental science instruc- tion annually to a total of 90 teachers over a three year period. Course instructors will be experienced and skilled educators, scientists, Garden staff, community experts and master teachers. The train- ing will take place at the Garden and Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Missouri. The course will provide participants with practical ideas and materials for their classrooms, training in teaching ecology and environmental science, and continued access to community resources that sup- port teaching. The teachers will develop their own projects to be used and evalu- ated in their classrooms. Participants will receive stipends and earn three graduate credits toward science certification. Thirty participants will be selected annually for the project from public and private city and county schools. Interested teachers may apply after February 1, 1989 and must currently be teaching in grades 4-8 and have an inter- est in developing classroom materials in environmental sciences. For more infor- mation, call 577-5140. Planning Begins for Garden’s Magnet School The Garden’s education division has received a $20,000 planning grant from the St. Louis Board of Education. The funds will be used for preliminary plan- ning of a new St. Louis Public Magnet school, the Missouri Botanical Garden Middle Investigative Learning Center (ILC) at Mullanphy School. This innova- tive concept involves close cooperation with the St. Louis Zoo and the Science Center. It is one of the few programs in the country combining schools with the resources of local cultural institutions. Garden staff members have begun developing a full curriculum for the 6th, 7th and 8th grade students who will attend. Mullanphy School is located at 4221 Shaw Blvd., a short walk from the Garden in southwest St. Louis. This excit- ing new program will offer increased aca- demic opportunities to students from St. Louis City and County alike. There are currently two ILCs in the St. Louis Public Schools’ Magnet pro- gram. They utilize the scientific inquiry approach with elementary and middle school students. Academic emphasis is on the application of logical analytical thought to all subject areas. The balanced curricu- lum will be enriched by the Garden staff's expertise in environmental science. Like the Garden, the St. Louis Science Center also will be associated with an ILC, Stix Elementary School at 226 S. Euclid. As a first step in the Magnet planning process, the education divisions of the Garden and the Science Center co- sponsored a conference held at the Gar- den on December 15-16, 1988. The James S. McDonnell Foundation supported the conference, titled “Learning Science and Mathematics: Applications of Research for Effective Classroom Instruction”. The program featured seven nationally recog- nized education experts and researchers. The 150 participants discussed how chil- dren learn, and new ways of matching teaching and technology to individual stu- dents’ needs. HENRY SHAW ACADEMY NEWS Grant Helps Explorers Attract Minority Students The Garden’s Henry Shaw Academy Explorers program has received a scholar- ship aid grant of $5,000 from the St. Louis Community Foundation. The money will help the Explorers program in its ongoing effort to attract qualified minority students. The Explorers program is for 14 to 18 year-old students who already have a back- ground in general science or biology. It uses field research methods to study the diversity of the Earth’s ecosystems. Ex- plorer members have monthly weekend sessions and take field trips to such loca- tions as Missouri caves, state parks, the Smoky Mountains and the Arboretum. The grant will help pay costs of these activities for scholarship students. The program offers a full year’s credit in high school elective biology to students who attend the monthly sessions and satisfactorily complete independent field projects and journals. Those students who also demonstrate outstanding skills in leadership and field research are eligi- ble for a summer field trip to the tropics. The program runs from September through June. Fifteen Explorer positions will be available to applicants next fall. Interested students should call the Gar- den education department now for an application form. Call 577-5135 or 977-5140 for more information. Explorers’ Winter Field Research Trip In December the Explorers studied cave ecology in southern Missouri at the Ozark Underground Laboratory, a pri- vately owned cave that has been desig- nated as a National Natural Heritage Landmark. It features the most diverse animal life of any cave west of the Missis- sippi, and is operated as a field study, research and education facility. On their weekend field trip the Explorers learned about underground water movement and wise resource management in cave regions. The stu- dents also studied the biology of under- ground ecosystems. This spring the Explorers’ monthly sessions will study the Garden's research program in tropical botany, the work done by the Center for Plant Conservation, and the St. Louis Zoo’s research programs in Madagascar and Asia. The Explorers will spend a long weekend in April studying wildflowers and plant zones in the Great Smoky Mountains. HSA Spring Programs The Henry Shaw Academy offers stu- dents ages 7 to 18 exciting ways to inves- tigate topics in science, ecology and natural history. A membership in the Academy is $15 per year, and includes newsletters, a membership card, invita- tions to classes and special events, and an Academy T-shirt. Spring activities include river trips, tree planting classes, art in nature, pond studies, the River Faces Parade, trips to the Arboretum and more. For a complete spring brochure and information on all Academy activities, call 577-5135 or 577-5140. Love Foundation Makes Third Annual Gift to Library The John Allan Love Charitable Foun- dation has for several years made gener- ous gifts to various operating and special needs of the Garden. In 1988, for the third year in a row, it has contributed $5000 toward the acquisitions of Banks’ Florilegium, informally known as the “Captain Cook Prints.” Executed shortly after Captain James Cook’s return from his exploratory voyage to the South Seas in the 1790s, the entire 738-plate set of these beautiful botanical engravings has never before been published in its entirety. Far from being of mere historical interest, the illustrations of flora observed on that voyage are invaluable to scientists working today. The Garden is the only botanical institution in the United States, and one of only five U.S. institutions of any type, to subscribe to the series. Japanese Festival In Top 100 The fifteenth annual Japanese Fes- tival, scheduled for August 26 through September 4, 1989, has been selected as one of the ‘‘Top 100 Events in North America.” The list is compiled each year by the American Bus Association and represents “the cream of the crop in events that collectively offer a wide vari- ety of travel experiences.” The Top 100 are heavily promoted as choice destina- tions for motorcoach tour groups. The events are selected by a committee of travel professionals who consider the appropriateness of the event for the traveling public, its level of community support, the function’s national reputation and expected attendance. The 1988 Jap- anese Festival had 65,000 visitors. IN MEMORIAM! Agnes Friedman Baer Agnes Baer, a well-known St. Louis philanthropist and artist, passed away in November 1988, representing a great loss to the Garden and to the St. Louis com- munity. Mrs. Baer was a member of the Stix family who have long been known in St. Louis for their commitment to civic causes. Mrs. Baer was especially com- mitted to education, to art in many forms, and to the Garden, generously supporting many capital improvement programs over the years. Her devotion to the Garden was manifest in a quiet, steadfast gen- erosity of spirit that is rarely equalled. As an artist, Mrs. Baer worked imag- inatively in metals as a silversmith; she also worked in watercolors, and in needle- work. She travelled widely and especially appreciated the gardens of the Orient. Seiwa-En was one of her favorite Garden features. a . shu YELLOWHORN IS IN BLOOM: This spring don’t miss the striking white blossoms of the yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium). Look closely—each flower has a yellow mark that changes to red. This curious member of the Soapberry family (Sapindaceae) is native to China. See it just east of Tower Grove House. From the Garden Gate Shop Easter Is Just Around the Corner The Shop is brimming over with Easter decorations! There are charming bunnies in all materials, sizes and shapes; an expanded selection of the latest gardening accessories for spring planting; and a vast collection of gardening books for every purpose. The Plant Shop fea- tures miniature roses in a rainbow of col- ors. Gift certificates are always available. Spring Plant Sale: 20% Off for Members April 27 and 28, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. April 29 and 30, 9a.m. to5 p.m. Spring is here in all its beauty, and the Spring Plant Sale is the time to celebrate. Visit the display in the Orthwein Floral Hall and in the Shop for the loveliest of spring flowers, plants, gifts and books. Members receive a 20 percent discount on all merchandise, all four days. Tower Grove House Welcomes Student Intern Michael K. Davenport, an under- graduate at Southeast Missouri State University, is spending his spring semes- ter in an internship at Tower Grove House. Mr. Davenport is working on the inventory of furnishings in the house, researching Henry Shaw’s papers and other historical materials to attempt to finish documenting all of the items in the collection. This work will aid the Histori- cal Committee in its project of restoring the furniture in the Tower Grove House. Southeast Missouri State is one of the few schools in the country offering a degree program in historic preservation. 19. Ze CAMPAIGN jor Wee Gada — The Campaign for the Garden closed 1988 with $14.2 million in gifts and pledges, successfully meeting the terms of a major challenge grant from The Kresge Foundation. In making its grant last April, the Foundation stipulated that the Garden would receive the $650,000 award upon raising $1.7 million still needed at that time to complete funding for the $6.5 million Climatron, the Cam- paign’s primary component. Peter H. Raven, the Garden’s director, said, “We are pleased and excited about our progress thus far, and I want to take this opportunity again to express our deep gratitude to The Kresge Foundation for their vote of confidence at a very criti- cal point in the drive. We met the Kresge terms by year end, seven months ahead Behind the Scenes Challenge Goal Exceeded of schedule, which wraps up fund raising for the Climatron and allows us to devote our energy to raising support for the remaining components of the campaign— the new Temperate House, the Interpre- tive Center on the Tropics, and the Cen- ter for Home Gardening Pavilion.” Fundraising for all components of the Campaign for the Garden is scheduled through December 31, 1989. Gifts to date have been received from Members, friends, corporations, and foundations. Dr. Raven noted that, “We are so very grateful to all those contributors whose generosity has helped us get this far, but let me also stress that in this final year we continue to need the community’s help and support very much.” Division of Research Is Reorganized The Garden’s Division of Research has announced several important changes in its organization, effective December 1, 1988. The Division of Research now is made up of six departments, all reporting to the director of research, Enrique Forero. The six departments and their heads are: Botanical Information Manage- ment, Nancy Morin; Bryology, Robert Magill; Graduate Studies, Peter Hoch; Herbarium, James Solomon; Research, which continues to be headed by Warren Douglas Stevens; and Scientific Publica- tions, George Rogers. The department of Botanical Informa- tion Management assumes some of the responsibilities of the division of Botanical Information Resources, which was dis- solved when Marshall Crosby was appointed assistant director of the Gar- den. Under the supervision of Nancy Morin, it includes TROPICOS (the Gar- den’s database system), the Flora of North America and Flora of China projects. Robert Magill is now in charge of research on bryophytes and will continue his studies of tropical African mosses. The newly-created department of Graduate Studies is headed by Peter Hoch, who has been actively involved in the coordination and development of the Garden’s graduate program for several years. James Solomon, who replaces Nancy Morin as curator of the Herbarium effec- tive February 1, 1989, was the Garden's resident botanist in Bolivia for several years. The Research department, which has been headed by Warren Douglas Stevens since March 16, 1988, includes the Gar- den’s programs of research and explora- tion in Africa and Latin America, and is different from the Division of Research as a whole. George Rogers, who has been editor of both the Annals of the Missoun Botant- cal Garden and the Monographs in Sys- tematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden since January 1, 1987, is now head of the new department of Scien- tific Publications. The Garden’s Library will remain as a separate unit reporting directly to the director of the Garden, Peter H. Raven. Mellon Foundation Grant for Study in Peru The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has awarded a three-year grant of $650,000 to the Garden to support on- going study of the plants of Peru. The project seeks not only to collect and iden- tify plants, but to make the information about those plants more accessible to sci- entists around the world. Peru is consid- ered by many to be botanically the richest country in the world. The grant is part of a $950,000 award from the Mellon Foundation to support the Garden’s work in Peru and other activities in Latin America. Those activi- ties will be featured in a subsequent issue of the Bulletin. Dr. Enrique Forero, director of research for the Garden, said the grant will have tremendous impact on the botanical research program in Peru. “The grant will enable us to continue extensive field work, to refine the quality of informa- tion gathered, to publish a checklist of the plants of Peru, to bring our computerized database up to date, and to support gradu- ate students in the field.” The Mellon Foundation previously supported a Garden program resulting in 90,000 plant specimens collected and a substantial updating of information on the plants of Peru. A portion of that funding also supported development efforts for the Garden’s innovative new computer database, TROPICOS (see the Bulletin, January-February 1989). NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 1988 In Honor Of: Mrs. Joan Abrams Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Freedman Mr. Norris Allen Mr. Bertram Mohr Mr. Melvin Barad Teel Ackerman Martin Israel Mr. and Mrs. Melvin S. Strassner Miss Lisa Barrett Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Streett Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bransford Dr. and Mrs. John C. Herweg Mrs. Matthew Carter Mr. and Mrs. John L. Davidson, Jr. continued on next page 20. Dr. Charles Eckert Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Mr. Jack Edlin Ms. Ruth Kay Mr. and Mrs. Jack Edlin Mr. and Mrs. Lester Bamberger Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Berger Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Buell Mrs. Carl Glaser, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Sam Langsdorf, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Mednikow Mrs. A.L. Netter, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edward F. Ruprecht Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Scharff, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Norman H. Spitzer Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Steinbach Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Steiner Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Turner Miss Elizabeth Gray Elliott Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Streett Leah Esther Dr. and Mrs. Alfred S. Schwartz Dr. and Mrs. I. J. Flance Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Mr. Marvin Gerchen Mr. Bud Rosen Mr. Eugene Harris Mr. and Mrs. Paul Ullman, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Hecktman Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Anne and Jack Heisler Dr. and Mrs. David M. Kipnis Miss Caroline Helmkampf Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Streett Mr. and Mrs. Ronald E. Henges Mr. and Mrs. J. Joseph Horan Mr. Stanley Hollander Mr. and Mrs. Jack Ansehl Mr. Richard 0. Hommel Dr. and Mrs. Oscar H. Soule Mr. B. D. Hunter Mr. R.J. Marischen Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mr. and Mrs. Stanley F. Jackes Mr. Stanley Mulvihill Mrs. J. A. Jacobs Mrs. Helen C. Maurer Mrs. Katherine Kercher Sowing Circle Garden Club Mrs. Paula Kipnis Lowry-Moore Society Washington University School of Medicine-Pharmacology Department Mrs. Mary Jane Kirtz St. Louis Herb Society Mr. and Mrs. Martin Koshner Dr. and Mrs. Arthur E. Carlson Mr. Bernard Manlin Mr. and Mrs. Philip N. Hirsch Mr. John L. Masek Rowena Clarke Garden Club Dr. Peter H. Raven Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Michael H. Freund Dr. and Mrs. David M. Kipnis Mrs. Willard L. Levy Margie Wolcott May Mrs. Norma Silber Mr. and Mrs. Louis I. Zorensky Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Ribstein Mr. and Mrs. Perry N. Sparks Mr. David Rice Mrs. Christine Berg Mr. John Berg Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Ridgeway Mr. and Mrs. Oscar P. Hampton II] Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rosebrough Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Mellitz Mr. and Mrs. Milton Mill Mr. Robert Rosenheim Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Miss Margaret Ross Rod and Pat Wiltse Mr. Joseph Ruwitch Dr. and Mrs. James Bush Mr. and Mrs. Jack E. Edlin Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Hieken Mr. and Mrs. Oliver M. Langenberg Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Levi Mr. and Mrs. Richard Prager Dr. and Mrs. Llewellyn Sale, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Wolff, Jr. Mr. Harold Sachs Mr. and Mrs. William B. Eiseman, Jr. Dr. and Mrs. T. E. Sanders Mr. James L. Sloss, Jr. Mrs. William Schield Gretchen Vanderschmidt Mr. Tom Schweizer Mr. and Mrs. Bert Schweizer Ms. Ruth B. Seldin Mrs. Natalie F. DuBois Mrs. A. W. Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. Carl Meinhardt Mr. and Mrs. Frank B. Shelden Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Ziegler Mrs. Jackson Shinkle Mrs. Henry Scherck Mr. and Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Tucker Mrs. Ruth Stampfer Mrs. Jean S. Bloch Miss Melissa Gabriel Stern Mrs. Herbert S. Schiele Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Streett Mrs. Albert C. Stutsman Mr. Keith S. Wilson Brian and Brenda Ward Mr. and Mrs. D. Goodrich Gamble Dr. and Mrs. Helman Wasserman Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Janet and Ted Weakley Mrs. Amey R. M. Rodgers Mrs. Robert Wegusen Teel Ackerman Martin Israel Mr. Tommie Wilson Mrs. Jeanne E. Martin Mr. Dick Wyman Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff In Memory Of: Helen A. Allbaugh Ms. Carla J.Klein Ms. Margaret Klein Rinegar Mrs. Maury Artstein Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Cappiello Mrs. Agnes F. Baer Mrs. A. V. L. Brokaw Ms. Elaine Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mrs. Michael W. Freund Miss Elizabeth Goltermann Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Rosenheim Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. and Mrs. J. Henry Schweich Mrs. Helen G. Shifrin Mr. and Mrs. James A. Singer Dr. and Mrs. Richard G. Sisson Mrs. Samuel D, Soule Mrs. Malcolm Steiner Mr. and Mrs. Paul Ullman, Jr. Mr. Robert H. Baxter Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Bushman Mrs. Vilma A. Begeman Mr. and Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Price Waterhouse Luther F. Blackmore Polly C. Blackmore Mr. Roger W. Blackmore Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Long Dr. Vilray P. Blair, Jr. Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mr. and Mrs. Andrew H. Baur Mrs. Robert Cochran Mrs. A. Timon Primm III Mrs. Martha N. Simmons Bud and Ida Steinberg Mrs. Taschia Thies Bokern Mrs. George W. Skinner Miss Hedwig Breckner Mrs. Alice Beffa Erdelen Mrs. Edith Brock Clayton High School- Science Department Helen Kottemann Rock Hill Garden Club #1 Mel and Marian Sheehan Mr. Ed Cahill Mrs. J. Paul Biesterfeldt Mr. and Mrs. Robert O. Nellums Mr. George H. Capps Mr. and Mrs. John H. Biggs Mr. Robert Donald Carson Mr. and Mrs. Edward F. Ruprecht Mr. Wilson D. Child Mr. and Mrs. Dolph O. Boettler Rev. Coles Ms. Melanie L. Gibbs Mr. Richard Connors Mrs. Joseph A. Richardson Dr. Eugene R. Corey Mr. and Mrs. Alex Drumheller Mr. Alfred Hortmann Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Tucker University of Missouri-St. Louis students Mr. and Mrs. Phillip L. Yagla Mr. and Mrs. William Costello Mr. Stephen P. Mullin Mrs. Betsy Reynolds Crump Mrs. James M. Crump Mr. Raymond J. Cyran Missouri Botanical Garden- Library Staff Mrs. Elsie Davis Mrs. Patricia A. Ohmer Mrs. Leopoldine Davis Mr. and Mrs. Donell J. Gaertner Mr. and Mrs. Gustav F. Goetsch Marlit Warmann Mrs. Ruth S. DeFabio Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Parshudie Mr. Anthony DeNatale Mr. and Mrs. D. L. Meek Mrs. Edward Deutch’s Father Mr. Bernard A. Barken Mrs. Jocelyn Barken Mr. and Mrs. Albert S. Dexheimer Mrs. Georgia D. Schwartz Mrs. Viola Dilg Mr. and Mrs. Leonard R. Kantor Mr. John Dunsford’s Mother Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ordower Mr. Lester Ebert Mrs. William H. Leyhe, Jr. Mrs. Beatrice Edison Mr. and Mrs. Willard Fonarow Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mr. and Mrs. Brent Stansen Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Mrs. Janice Evans Mr. and Mrs. Donald H. Long Mr. Harold Fitch Mr. Stephen P. Mullin Mrs. Jane Forsell Early Education Center- Staff and Board Mrs. Mary Dorothy Freeze Mr. and Mrs. Ray T. Eddins Dr. Charles Galt Mr. and Mrs. Erwin M. Meinberg Dr. George Gantner, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Baizer Mr. Goswin Gern Mr. and Mrs. Daniel H. Goetz Mrs. Lilly S. Gildehaus Mr. and Mrs. George B. Hagee Ms. Kay E. Mallett Mr. and Mrs. C. Robert Pommer Mr. and Mrs. Don Wohltman Mr. and Mrs. Randolph C. Wohltman Mr. Kelton Gilleland Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Freeman Carl F. Gissler Mrs. E. R. Hurd, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. M. Alexander Jones Mrs. Edna Graf Miss Margaret C. Schmidt Mr. Rice A. Green George and Weens Bishop Mr. George D. Greene Mrs. Elmer F. Hirth Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mr. and Mrs. Harold S. Sheldon Study Club Study Club Fnends Mrs. Alice F. Greensfelder Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mrs. June Y. Ebert continued on next page 21. continued Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Ms. Paula Griffith Mr. M. Henry Johnson, Jr. Ms. Fran Lozano Ms. Barbara C. Niebruegge Mr. and Mrs. Richard Prager Ms. Laura Staley Ms. Wendy M. Steffen Ms. Enid Waldvogel Mr. James D. Harrison Mrs. William H. Leyhe, Jr. Mr. L. A. Harrison Dr. and Mrs. Leonard L. Davis, Jr. Mrs. Hart Gallaudet School Staff Mrs. Ann Elizabeth Heaton Mrs. Thomas W. Shields Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Hein, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Leo A. Steck Mrs. Agenes Henderson Mr. and Mrs. Ray T. Eddins Mr. George J. Herbst, Jr. Dr. Helen M. Aff-Drum Mr. and Mrs. Robert Arnett Dr. and Mrs. Joseph A. Bauer Mr. and Mrs. Walter A. Beckers Mr. and Mrs. John B. Biggs, Jr. George and Weens Bishop Mrs. William Bixby, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Bromley, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John G. Buettner Peggy Bussmann and Family Mr. Jules D. Campbell Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Chapman, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Buzz Clift Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Dill Mr. James W. Edwards Mr. and Mrs. M. W. A. Edwards Mr. and Mrs, Peter D. Ehrenhaft Mrs. Edgar W. Ellermann Mr. and Mrs. William H. Engelsmann Mrs. Edward W. Fredrickson Mrs. Armand D. Fries Mr. and Mrs. Donald Gerard Mrs Warren Gladders Good Buy Syndicate Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Grigsby Mrs. Raymond L. Gross Mr. and Mrs. James W. Guth Dr. and Mrs. Paul O. Hagemann Mrs. Virginia Haley Kathy, Fred, Kara and Tim Hanser Mr. and Mrs. T. Walter Hardy, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. George J. Herbst III Mrs. Margaret Herbst Mrs. Elmer F. Hirth Mr. and Mrs. Roy W. Jordan Mr. and Mrs. Lyman C. Josephs Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Kane Mrs. Charles D. Kelly Mr. and Mrs. James J. Kerley Mr. and Mrs. Albert D. Krueger Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Latzer Mr. and Mrs. William W. Lewis Mrs. Wilfred F. Long Mr. Douglas B. MacCarthy Mrs. Minard T. MacCarthy Mr. and Mrs. Clem L. Maher Laura H. Manchester Mr. and Mrs. William Marre Mr. and Mrs. James K. Mellow Mrs. Charles W. Middleton Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Mooney Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Morris Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mr. and Mrs. W. Anderson Payne Mr. and Mrs. C. Robert Pommer Dr. and Mrs. DonS. Pruett Mr. and Mrs. G. Kenneth Robins Mr. and Mrs. Seth A. Robins Mrs. Robert J. Ryan Mr. and Mrs. Joseph M. Scammon Mrs. Thomas W. Shields Mr. and Mrs. H. Parker Smith Mr. and Mrs. William Wischmeyer Mr. and Mrs. John J. Wuest Marta Hinck’s Father Ms. Teresa A. Dresler Mr. Edwin F. Hoch Kirkwood Lodge No. 484 Mrs. Bernice Hougland Ms. Wendy Ruben Mr. William Hubachek Mr. and Mrs. Marcus M. Becker Family and Friends Mrs. A. Clifford Jones Mr. and Mrs. George K. Conant, Jr. Mr. A. Clifford Jones, Jr. Mrs. Phoebe S. Burke Mr. Spencer B. Burke Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Hess Mr. and Mrs. George K. Hoblitzelle Mrs. Ann Jones Orchid Society of Greater St. Louis Mary Alice Jones Dr. and Mrs. Ronald K. McGregor Mr. Ben Kahn Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mr. Gerald Kelly Miss Margaret L. Fisher Mrs. Oather Kelly Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr. Robert T. Kemper Ann Kemper and Children Anthony Key Kenny Key, Jr. Mrs. Howard Hubbell Mrs. Robert R. Koch Mrs. George D. Pring Mrs. Eleanor Koerner Mr. and Mrs. Rodney Schury Mr. Carl Kottmeier Mr. and Mrs. Alwien Dier] Mr. and Mrs. Clarence T. Wilson Gus Krietemeyer Imogene Krietemeyer Mr. and Mrs. William S. Harrenstein Mrs. Edna Kundert Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Kersting Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lamy Mr. and Mrs. John R. Brightman Mr. Art Lange Mr. and Mrs. Arthur W. Anderson Dr. Paul C. Langenbach Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Branson Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Quinn Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Schumann Miss Audrey Shearer Mrs. Chrystal Leach Mr. and Mrs. John C. Hamm Mr. and Mrs. Daniel C. Hurley Mr. R. J. Sauget Weimaraner Club of Greater St. Louis Mr. Willard Levy Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mr. Bernard A. Barken Mrs. Jocelyn Barken Mr. and Mrs. John H. Biggs Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Rosen Mrs. Richard Weiss Mrs. Eleanor Lewis Dr. and Mrs. T. E. Sanders Mrs. MacMillan Lewis Mr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Kennard III Mrs. Emily Kimball Lilly Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mrs. Dorothy Link Mrs. Marion V. Fisher J. Glenn Logan Mr. and Mrs. Peter E. Sargent Mr. H. E. Lueders Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Hieken Mrs. Joyce Lynch Dr. and Mrs. George E. Mendelsohn Mr. Gorden MacDonald Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Mrs. Thomas W. Shields Mr. George P. Massengale Mr. and Mrs. Hugh R. Mug Dr. Richard Maxwell Mr. and Mrs. Fred Pillsbury Mr. Lansden McCandless Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Cornwell, Jr. Mrs. Howard Hubbell Mr. and Mrs. John K. Lilly Mr. and Mrs. Edwin G. Russell Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. H. Parker Smith Mr. and Mrs. Edmonstone F. Thompson Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Charles J.R. McClure Mrs. Philip G. Ackerman Hon. James D. Meredith Mr. and Mrs. C. Robert Pommer Mrs. Joseph A. Richardson Mrs. Violet Metschke Richard F. Decker Family Mr. Melbourne Meyer Mrs. James Lee Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Stephen H. Loeb Mrs. Eleanor J. Moore Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Hubert C. Moog Mr. and Mrs. John H. Biggs Mrs. Nancy Bowen Murphy Dr. and Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Mr. Clyde W. Myles Ms. Justina Bricka, Lou and Joe Mr. and Mrs. Verlin A. Lauher Mrs. Madeleine Neiswander Mr. and Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp Miss Emily Novak Mr. and Mrs. Clayton A. Pratt Mr. William Oelzen King Family Mrs. Mary S. Peters Mr. and Mrs. Clarann Budke Mr. and Mrs. George K. Conant, Jr. Mr. Frank Pierson Mrs. William H. Leyhe, Jr. AMET PEE AS NRL ALT ALAR ATEN AMET SS ERE ALES MAE 2 BO SASK AR RN ENR EROS TERS Mr. Fred Pillsbury Mrs. Stanley Hanks Mr. William H. Plummer Mr. Robert C. Camp and Daughters Mr. A. Timon Primm III Mr. and Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. Mae Pruden Mrs. J. Maver Feehan Mrs. Dorothy W. Ready Mrs. Thomas W. Shields Mrs. Verna Renfrow Mr. Roger Renfrow Liz Rinehart Sunset Hills Garden Club Mary Alice Rodriguez Mrs. T. R. Gamble Mary Watson Roos Mr. and Mrs. John H. Biggs Mrs. Edith F. Binder Mr. and Mrs. Clarann Budke Mr. and Mrs. George K. Conant, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. George K. Hoblitzelle Mr. and Mrs. Arthur K. Howell, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph W. Kalish Mrs. Constance G. King Mr. and Mrs. William M. VanCleve Mrs. Charles Rose Mr. Charles I. Rose Mrs. Clara B. Roth Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Florence M. Ryan Southwestern Bell- Capital Recovery Division Robert Ryan Mr. and Mrs. Clarence T. Wilson Mr. Sydney Salomon III Mrs. Leonard R. Duerbeck Mr. and Mrs. Julian G. Samuels Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Betty Samuelson Ms. Virginia D. Judson Marion Schafarzek Laclede Gas Company Mrs. Hazel Schlueter Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Ziemann Mrs. Marguerite Schoen Mrs. Jane Fischer Mrs. Irene Schwebel Mr. Charles Iselin Mr. Joseph E. Wuller Mr. Robert Schwebel Jean Hudson Ms. Marietta H. Huitt Pat Payton Darry! Redhage Mr. Don J. Riehn Mr. John Russell Mrs. Amelia L. Sheets Mr. and Mrs. Raymond C. Sheets Mrs. Bunny Shelton Mr. and Mrs. John I. Cofer III Mr. Carl Henderson Mrs. Vernon McIntire Mr. and Mrs. Gerald W. Mefferd Post-Dispatch Composing Room Don Feldmier Jack Gibling Ed Krite Joe McDonald Paul Seelman Mr. and Mrs. Larry Schoeneshoefer Mr. and Mrs. George H. Stroud Mrs. Shemmer Dr. and Mrs. Edward F. Berg Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. Elizabeth B. Andrews Anonymous Arthur Andersen & Co. Mr. and Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr. and Mrs. Lewis W. Baldwin, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Beaird Mr. and Mrs. John H. Biggs Mrs. William Bixby, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Van-Lear Black II] Mr. Robert Burke Ms. Nancy Cady Mr. Parker B. Condie Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mr. and Mrs. Bertram B. Culver, Jr. Emil DeRenzo Evan DeRenzo Mr. and Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge, Jr. Mrs. Bernard F. Dickmann Teri Dresler Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky Mrs. Arthur A. Dunn, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William B. Eiseman, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Howard Elliott, Jr. Mrs. Harry Esserman Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Freeman Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Michael H. Freund Mr. and Mrs. S. E. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. George Mrs. Harry Greensfelder, Jr. The Hager Family Mr. and Mrs. Richard Halpern Mr. and Mrs. William Guy Heckman D. S. Hines Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr. and Mrs. George K. Hoblitzelle Mr. and Mrs. James H. Howe III Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Mrs. James Lee Johnson Mr. and Mrs. W. Boardman Jones, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Kalishman Mr. and Mrs. Willard van Beuren King Mr. and Mrs. Martin Kodner Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mrs. John F. Krey Mr. Edwin L. Langenberg Mr. and Mrs. Donn H. Lipton Mr. and Mrs. Stephen H. Loeb Dr. and Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Mr. and Mrs. William C. Lortz Mr. and Mrs. Joseph O. Losos Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Lowenhaupt Mr. and Mrs. John Peters MacCarthy Mrs. John Macrae Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Mandelstamm Mr. and Mrs. Earle F. Maricle Mr. James F. Mauze Mr. and Mrs. James S. McDonnell III Mr. and Mrs. Reuben M. Morriss III] Mr. and Mrs. Dolor P. Murray Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Mr. Charles Orner Mr. and Mrs. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mr. R. Turner Peters Mr. and Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mr. and Mrs. Richard Prager Mr. and Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Dr. and Mrs. Leslie Rich Mr. and Mrs. George S. Rosborough, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Rosen Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mr. and Mrs. Edward F. Ruprecht Dr. and Mrs. Llewellyn Sale, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. and Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. Jackson J. Shinkle Mrs. Martha N. Simmons Mr. and Mrs. James W. Singer, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Brookings Smith Sandra H. Stemmler Mr. and Mrs. Monte C. Throdahl Mrs. Jessica Ventimiglia Mr. and Mrs. John K. Wallace, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John K. Wallace, Sr. Mrs. Richard Weiss Mr. and Mrs. Eugene F. Williams, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Wimsatt Mr. and Mrs. Don L. Wolfsberger Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer Mr. and Mrs. Louis I. Zorensky Mr. J. Shrewsbury Mr. Stephen P. Mullin Mr. George Skinner Mr. and Mrs. Clarann Budke Mr. Raymond Smentkowski Mr. Stephen P. Mullin Mrs. Anne Smyser Mrs. Irene L. Bergh D. Samuel D. Soule Dr. and Mrs. Michael M. Karl Dr. Julian A. Steyermark Anonymous Mrs. J. Paul Biesterfeldt Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Branson Ms. Nora Dunsterville Mr. Norwood Lippold Missouri Native Plant Society- St. Louis Chapter Mr. and Mrs. Edward Norman Mr. Luther J. Raechal Mrs. Norma Silber Mr. and Mrs. James E. Taylor Dr. and Mrs. Henk Van der Werff Mrs. Robert Stupp Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Barr Ladue Garden Club Mrs. Cornelia Sunnen Mrs. Werner F. Boldt Ms. Elizabeth Dentzer Mr. and Mrs. Morton Estes Friends of Pioneer Charities Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Garbarini Mrs. William Greenstreet Mr. and Mrs. Frank M. Hollis Mr. and Mrs. William G. Layhe Mr. and Mrs. William C. Martinez Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Sappington Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Savage Mr. and Mrs. Paul O. Wright Mr. Stuart Symington, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. Mrs. Sadano Taketa Mr. and Mrs. George T. Abe Toshi and Sue Doi Mr. and Mrs. Edwin S. Izumi Mrs. Alice Thellman Mr. and Mrs. Paul Kuhn Edith Thompson Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Crawford Wanda Thumin School of Business Administration-U MSL Howard Baltz James Breaugh Robert Dempsey Peter Depaulo Dennis Dossett Thomas Eyssell David Gustafson Michael Harris William Heinbecker Geraldine Hynes Marius Janson James Krueger Peggy Lambing Laurence Madeo Silvia Madeo Donald Malm Joseph Martinich Mary O’Brien L. Douglas Smith James Tushaus Wayne Winter George Witteried Tillie Mr. Michael Suchart Mrs. Marge Tober Mr. and Mrs. Harold Lewin Dr. Philip G. Vierheller Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Blanke, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Tom S. Eakin, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mrs. Susie Walker Mrs. Carol B. Kaplan Dr. Ed S. Wallace Dr. and Mrs. Leonard L. Davis, Jr. Mr. Fred 0. Weidemann Miss Marcella M. Lauth Mrs. Mildred A. Milster Mr. Jeffrey Yost Mr. and Mrs. J. Gregory Bartels, Sr. K. G. Bechtol Mr. and Mrs. Carl W. Burst, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Chapman, Jr. CMI-Delinquency Operations Staff Mrs. Hazel F. Edick Adelaide Gass Nancy Gass Mr. and Mrs. John T. Hart Mrs. Jane Hartrich Mr. and Mrs. John H. Holekamp Shughart, Thomson & Kilroy Mr. and Mrs. George Kletzker Capt. and Mrs. Lawrence J. Korson Mrs. Rosemary Meacham Mrs. Edward Mitchell Nathalie L. Scott Cheryl Weber and Family Mrs. Eugene Zimmerman Miss Martha R. Barnidge Mrs. Blayne M. Brewer Mr. and Mrs. Robert Forbes Mrs. H. L. Oetter Mr. and Mrs. Ralph N. Pipe Dr. Vernal. Green Smith Mr. Jay Zimmerman Dr. and Mrs. James Bush Mrs. Ida Steinberg RS aR Be 2s = RR AR BS ARIE RS SER Board of Trustees Mr. Robert E. Kresko President Dr. Marguerite Ross Barnett Rev. Lawrence Biondi, S.J. Mr. Gerald D. Blatherwick Mr. Stephen F. Brauer Mr. William H. T. Bush Mr. Jules D. Campbell Dr. William H. Danforth Mr. Samuel B. Hayes Mr. Robert R. Hermann Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr. Mr. David W. Kemper Mr. Charles F. Knight Mr. William E. Maritz Mr. James S. McDonnell III The Hon. Gene McNary Mr. Lucius B. Morse III Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mr. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Dr. Howard A. Schneiderman The Hon. Vincent C. Schoemehl, Jr. Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. Andrew C. Taylor Dr. Joyce M. Thomas Mr. John K. Wallace, Jr. Mr. O. Sage Wightman III EMERITUS TRUSTEES Mr. Howard F. Baer Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. John H. Biggs Mr. Sam’! C. Davis Dr. Thomas S. Hall Mr. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann Mr. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Louis S. Sachs Mr. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Harriet Spoehrer Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. MEMBERS’ BOARD Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky President Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp First vice president Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Second vice president Mrs. Robert J. Senkosky Secretary Mr. Frederick H. Atwood III Treasurer DIRECTOR Dr. Peter H. Raven i) i ad 2 er “ye 9, sd a é F RAGRANCE WEEK i MAY 7 to 14 at the Garden and Famous-Barr downtown The second annual ‘‘celebration of scent” features special and exciting activities including the May 7 Opening Event at the Garden; daily floral and fragrance demonstrations at Famous-Barr; Hawaii trip drawing; daily fragrance drawing at the Garden; a Garden benefit luncheon and Famous-Barr fashion presentation on May 10; special give-a-way to Moms on Mother’s Day, May 14, and much more! Members will receive detailed information in a special invitation by mail in March. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) SECOND CLASS P.O. Box 299 POSTAGE Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO CENTEMMAL Board 3 Trustees ey RE ee Se: ee Missouri sey Garden » Missouri Botanica (Garden MAY / JUNE 1989 VOLUME LXXVII NUMBER THREE Inside This Issue Home Gardening An introduction to irises, and to Robert History of the Board of Trustees art Two: 1901-1970. Despite war, the Depression and smog, the Garden continued to grow. i) Plants at the Garden Peonies are a spectacular sight in May; learn all about them. Ask the Answer Service Solving problems concerning trees, stumps, tomatoes and window boxes. ll Greensfelder Award Richard Pough is honored. sr i Calendar of Events Extended summer hours begin, and so does summer fun. From the Membership Office A salute to the Membership Services Desk, Mother’s Day, and our 50th anniversary. Campaign for the Garden A grant from the National Science Foundation. 1s Trustee Profiles Meet our newest Trustees, Samuel Hayes and Andrew Taylor. Tributes 20 21 Bowden, our new director of horticulture. On the cover: Irises are a springtime favorite at the Garden. — Photo by Pat Watson ©) 1989 Missouri Botanical Garden. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published bi-monthly by the Missoun Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, MO. Subscription price $12.00 per year. $15.00 foreign. The BULLETIN is sent to every Member of the Garden as one of the benefits of membership. For a contribution of as little as $40 per year, Members also are entitled to: free admission to the Garden, Shaw Arboretum, and Tower Grove House; invitations to special events and receptions; announcements of all lectures and classes; discounts in the Garden Gate Shop and for course fees; and the opportunity to travel, domestic and abroad, with other Members. For information, please call (314) 577-5100. Postmaster: send address changes to Susan Wooleyhan, editor, BULLETIN, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Comment A Busy Season May and June have always been the Garden's busiest and most delightful months, brimming with activities, spe- cial events, lectures, and marvelous color and beauty through- out the grounds. The second Fragrance Week opens to the public on May 7 through May 14 and will be co-sponsored this year by Famous-Barr. A host of activities and events will take place at the Garden and at Famous-Barr throughout the week including a special fragrance sample gift that will be given to mothers who join us on Mother’s Day. This year the popular Rose Evening will offer a video presentation and a book- let on the growing and care of roses, and the Garden’s horticulture staff will be available throughout the evening to answer questions. The Garden remains committed to increased educational offerings and this summer is a perfect time to enroll in Gar- den lectures and education courses. The Henry Shaw Academy offers a summer science camp for children with special interests in natural history, nature study, ecology and outdoor explorations. Sum- mer opportunities for adults concentrate on the serious problems of tropical deforestation, with lectures on the people and the products of the tropics, and the consequences of deforestation. During the Centennial Year celebrat- ing the 100th anniversary of the Board of Trustees and 50 years of membership, special recognition should be given to Ellen Dubinsky, the Members’ Board president, for her leadership, and to Nora Stern and Andrew Taylor, Trustees who are serving as co-chairmen of the Centen- nial Celebration Benefit scheduled for September 9. Each of you will be receiv- ing an invitation to join us that evening. The Campaign for the Garden is con- tinuing at a fast pace. We recently received notification from the National Science Foundation of an award to assist with the new educational exhibits in the Climatron. With less than one year remaining in this critical fund-raising drive, we are pleased with the response and hope to exceed our goal by the con- clusion of this year. As always, the Garden 1s able to achieve such a high level of success in its programs and services because of the thousands of Members, individuals, cor- porations and foundations who so will- ingly lend their support to our efforts. Our thanks to all of you. a aes CONSTRUCTION PROGRESSES: A view from the west side of the Climatron shows the steel framework of the new Temperate House (left) and the facade of the new Interpretive Center taking shape. EDUCATION at the Garden Where can a youngster learn about Japanese culture, photo- synthesis, or the reasons for seasons? At the Missouri Botanical Garden, of course. Education has been a fundamental mission of the Garden since its founding in 1859. Henry Shaw believed that, in addition to their benefits as sources of aesthetic and recreational plea- sure, public gardens should serve as community resources for instruction in horticulture, botany, and other topics reflecting the importance of plants in people’s lives. More than 106,000 students were served in 1988 education programs at the Garden, and more than 75 percent of these stu- dents were ages 18 and under. The Garden offers St. Louis-area schoolchildren a wide variety of programs and classes, from day field trips and tours to individualized instruction for science fair projects. This includes 21 different classes and tours conducted by volunteers and staff, covering such topics as tropical rain forests, plant pollination, and More than ¢®Vironmental conservation. 106.000 Classes are free to students living in the ’ Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum Dis- students trict of the City of St. Louis and St. Louis were served County, the property tax district established to in 1988 provide support for key St. Louis arts and cul- tural institutions. — The Garden provides special services to local school districts, as part of the areawide volun- tary desegregation program, through contracts with the St. Louis Science Magnet Schools and the St. Louis Schools Partnership Program. Students from the Stix and Mason Science Magnet Schools receive part of their education at the Garden, studying plants and climates in our greenhouses, learning about pho- tosynthesis by working with living plant specimens, and con- ducting biological field studies at the Shaw Arboretum at Gray Summit. In the Partnership Program, classes from city and county schools are matched at the Garden to learn cooperatively about such topics as world hunger, tropical deforestation, and energy issues. For extremely motivated science students ages 7 to 14, the Henry Shaw Academy offers accelerated classes taught on weekends and evenings during the school year and a full summer science camp. The Academy’s Explorers group, for older stu- dents to age 18, provides a wealth of field experience opportuni- ties, including an annual field trip to Jamaica. Other Garden education programs dramatically expand the numbers of students served by working with those who educate. Area science teachers are trained at symposia, workshops, and other programs offered by the Garden. Suitcase Science is a series of curricula-and-materials packages in biology, ecology, and botanical subjects developed for loan to the classroom. The ECO-ACT program, an award-winning environmental leadership program, trains youth to teach science concepts to their younger } workshops, and field econdary and peers in a vegr_lang neacram «af 7 4- Youth Education DIVISION NEWS TOP: A 4th grade City Magnet School science class, held at the Ridgway Center. CENTER: Observa- tion and descrip- tion are essential to science. BELOW: Demon- stration is an important part of all classes. vide quality science education for the students of St. Louis. All classes are coordinated with Missouri State Core Competencies standards and thus supplement classroom learning. —Stephanie Finke, Coordinator of Youth Programs ——— H:-O:M:-E GARDENING ed This issue of the Bulletin introduces Robert E. Bowden, who recently joined the staff of the Garden as Director of Horticulture. Spring is a great time to think of irises for the garden setting. Several species and thou- sands of cultivars of irises are available for the novice and the expert alike. Most are easy to grow, and make a spectacular display. POPULAR SELECTIONS Certainly the most common selection is the bearded iris (nis xgermanica). Ease of main- tenance, resistance to pests and tolerance of various soil types make this hybrid and its culti- vars very popular. The blooms consist in part of three large upright petal-like standards and corresponding drooping petal-like falls. The bearded iris appears in myriad colors ranging from gold to lemon yellow to hues of pink, purple and blue on stems ranging from 18 to 36 inches tall. A few outstanding cultivars include ‘Beverly Sills’ (deeply ruffled, coral pink), ‘Dream Affair’ (large ruffled, blooms of soft creamy yellow) and ‘Sterling Silver’ (a blue violet bicolor with petal edges that develop a silvery cast a few hours after opening). In early June, Siberian irises (/7ts sibirica and related species) come into flower. They are as easy to grow as the bearded iris. Often referred to as one of several “beardless irises,” Siberian iris flowers are born on tall slender stems nearly 30 inches in height. Siberian iris blooms are somewhat flat in shape and display a number of shades of white, blue and purple. Given enough moisture throughout the growing season, Siberian irises will become a garden favorite. A few outstanding cultivars include ‘Caesar’s Brother’ (narrow upright standards of violet with violet falls), ‘Fairy Dawn’ (a delicate light pink), and ‘Windwood Spring’ (a ruffled light blue with light yellow stripes, or “signals,” on the falls). Japanese iris (//1s ensata) is similar to Iris sibirica, with tall slender stems 30 to 40 inches in height, but /7is ensata is generally showier. The flowers can be as large as dinner plates and range in color from white and pink to lavender and purple. Japanese iris requires good-quality soil high in organic matter, witha pH of 5.2 to 6.5. It requires moist soil during the summer months. Suggested cultivars include ‘Burgot’ (low-growing ruffled double white blooms with a green throat), ‘Dace’ (full, IRISES by Robert E. Bowden \e \\! ff Most inses are easy to grow, and make a spectacular display. ruffled double white blooms), and ‘Strut and Flourish’ (dark red-violet centers blend to light blue-violet petal edges; dark blue veins radiate across both). These cultivars and a number of other /rts ensata cultivars can be seen in an entirely new display that was planted last Sep- tember at the Yatsuhashi bridge in the Japanese Garden. They will bloom in mid-June. Louisiana iris stems from four irises growing wild in the bayous of Louisiana: I. fulva, I. brevicaults, I. giganticaerulea, and I. xnelsonu, a hybrid involving the other three species. Louisiana iris 1s also known as Swamp iris and blooms in middle to late May in St. Louis. When these spectacular irises were introduced to the general trade, there was speculation that they would be less hardy than the species discussed above. Time has proven the disbelievers wrong, and the Louisiana iris is becoming increasingly popular. Interesting cul- tivars include ‘Dizzy Lizzy’ (a bicolor of cream and maroon), ‘Bit of Blue’ (a prolific bright blue) and Acadian’ (dark brick red). Iris pseudacorus, like Iris sibirica, is quite tolerant of moist soil and will grow very well in shallow water and shorelands. It is the only water garden iris with yellow blooms. The color ranges from light lemon yellow to golden yellow, with flowers three to four inches wide. Some cultivars reach heights of over six feet (‘Gigantea’), though most are only three to four feet tall. The rhizomes, thought to be poison- ous if consumed by humans, are very large and resemble sweet potatoes. /7is pseudacorus flowers freely and can become somewhat inva- sive. To reduce this problem, remove the pro- lific seed set after blooming ends. PLANTING Most irises are easy to grow. The soil usually should be slightly acid (pH 5.5). Irises generally are planted (or divided and replanted) in middle to late August. Plant the rhizomes deep enough to cover, and firm up the soil, pull- ing it up around the rhizome to create a small hill. This will keep rain water from standing around the rhizomes. The earlier the rhizomes are planted the bet- ter they will be rooted before the onset of win- ter. A good mulch spread over the iris beds after the ground has frozen will prevent heaving in clay-laden soil. Remove the mulch in mid-March. 4, ce oo EE Oe a i a PESTS AND DISEASE CONTROL Irises are generally pest-free. Occasionally Ins xgermanica is tor- mented by the iris borer, which causes yellow, mushy leaves by eating its way up and down the leaves. Various systemic insecticides control the borers on bearded iris if applied every six weeks, April through Septem- ber. A disease called soft rot, or bacterial rot, is caused by too much water. The disease usually starts at the base of the leaf and travels up the leaf about an inch. The entire leaf tuft falls over. The rot continues through the rhizome until the entire plant is destroyed. The first sign of it is a foul odor. If your irises become infected with soft rot, dig the rhi- zomes any time after the bloom has finished. Cut the rhizomes back to healthy white root growth with a utility knife. Dip the cleaned root ina ten percent chlorine solution or dip into household cleanser powder con- taining chlorine and allow to air dry. Plant in prepared beds. For additional information about irises and their culture consider The World of Irises edited by Bee Warburton, published by The American Iris Society. To become a member of The American Iris Society and receive valuable information concerning the genus /77s write: The American Iris Society, c/o Carol Ramsey, 6518 Beachy Avenue, Wichita, Kansas 67206. FOTHERGILLA In the spring landscape, many gardens feature forsythias, azaleas and a range of flowering bulbs. If you would like to try something unusual, consider Fothergilla monticola. Flowering a bit later than forsythia, Fothergilla presents a showy display of two-inch white spikes unlike any- thing else in the garden. Fothergilla is generally a dense shrub; this spe- cies reaches a maximum height of only six feet. One of its finest attributes, the fine fall color of soft yellow-orange, is often overlooked. Native from North Carolina to Alabama, Fothergilla monticola boasts the additional benefit of being virtually pest-free and tolerant of drought. You can see a fine specimen in the Jenkins Daylily Garden. iad aan ee F ARS 3 A view of the Alice Hahn Goodman Iris Garden. RoBERT E-. BOWDEN New Director of Horticulture Robert Bowden, the Garden’s new direc- tor of horticulture, came to the Garden in January from Old Westbury Gardens on Long Island, where he was director of horticulture and operations. He has a distinguished back- ground, including a bachelor of science degree in horticulture and landscape design from Florida A & M University and a master’s degree in public administration from the University of Michigan. Enthusiasm and direct involvement are hallmarks of Bowden’s approach. “The Gar- den is a magnificent showplace,’ he said recently, “and it’s our goal to continue that standard while we expand our programs and facilities. The re-opening of the Climatron next year, and the development of the Center for Home Gardening, are exciting challenges. The new greenhouse complex is making it possible to do more ambitious displays than ever. “Gardening has become the number-one hobby in America,” he continued, “and public concern with environmental issues has never been greater. It is our mission to encourage those interests, to educate our visitors. We want people to enjoy the beauty of the Gar- den, and also to take away a greater under- standing of the role of plants in our lives.” Robert Bowden, his wife Gailann and their three children are also enthusiastic about life here in St. Louis. “The Garden and its Members are deeply committed to enhanc- ing life in St. Louis, and I am delighted to be a part of that effort,” he said recently. “I’m looking forward to meeting all of the Mem- bers. Their commitment of time and resources to the Garden has made it what it is today.” CENTENNIAL Board of Trustees l BY Joseph M. Schuster Visitors at the Garden, c. 1900. ar) Bw #198~°9 Missouri Botanical Garden Preparations for the 1921 Chrysanthemum Show in the Floral Display House. A banquet for the annual convention of the National Association of Gardeners, held in the Floral Display House, September 15, 1920. THE FIRST DECADE of the new century was a sort of changing of the guard at the Missouri Botanical Garden as, one by one, the men Henry Shaw had hand-picked to carry on his Garden died. By 1910, only one remained—William H. H. Pettus, who would serve another dozen years; his 33-year tenure would be surpassed by only George Hitch- cock’s 44 years, 1903-47. But just as Henry Shaw chose well when he named his Trustees, so did the men who came after him. The decade from 1910 to 1920 was one of remarkable growth. Arguably, no other time in Garden history, until the period of the last 20 years, would see as much development as did that decade, during which the Trustees built four display green- houses, which would be among the most significant features in the Garden for many years. In 1912 the Palm House went up; in 1913, the Desert and Mediterranean houses opened; two years later, the Floral Display House opened. The construction of the greenhouses brought an explo- sion in the number of visitors to the Garden. Between 1911 and 1913, attendance more than doubled, from just more than 91,000 to almost 218,000. And it continued to grow. During the three-hour grand opening celebration for the PART TWO/1901-1970 GROWING AND BUILDING Floral Display House on October 31, 1915, an incredible 6,000 people walked through it to view the annual chrysanthemum show. During the next month, more than 61,000 people entered the Garden—an attendance equal to that of eight months just four years earlier. There were other factors behind the Garden’s new popularity. One was that, in 1912, the Trustees elected to open the Garden every Sunday from May through October. Previously, it had been open only two Sundays a year. Another reason was that, the same year, the Trustees hired a new director, Dr. George T. Moore, who would remain in the position until 1953, and would be the only Gar- den director to serve simultaneously as a Trustee (1929-54). William Trelease, who had been hired just a few days after the Trustees organized themselves following Shaw’s death, had done a good job seeing the Garden through the growing pains of those first 20 years. But the Trustees felt he had concentrated too much on the scientific programs and not enough on the Garden’s public horticul- tural displays. Moore, they felt, would give adequate atten- tion to both. The new director showed immediately he intended to A view north from the upper story of Tower Grove House in the 1920s shows the smog that blanketed the city. Construction of green- houses on the Garden’s property at Gray Summit, c. 1925. The orchid col- lection was eventually moved there to protect it from air pollution in follow the wishes of the Trustees. He scheduled monthly flower shows for the public and began submitting monthly reports to the Trustees so that they could stay more closely in touch with the Garden they governed. Moore was not, however, lacking scientific credentials. He had joined the Garden, and the prestigious Shaw School of Botany at Wash- ington University, three years earlier as a professor of plant physiology and applied botany and was a recognized expert in algae. During the 40 years he was director, the Garden would make great strides in its scientific work, including the beginning of its monumental task of cataloging the flora of Panama and the publication of the Aznals, one of the leading botany journals in the world. But even in the midst of success there were problems. One was the first World War, which caused the Trustees to close its school for gardening and cease its floral displays because of wartime economies. Another of the problems was the smog that had blanketed St. Louis for years, threatening the Garden’s valu- able collection of plants, including its orchid collection, one of the finest in the world at the time. In 1923, the Trustees received court permission to sell the city. off some of the land Shaw had left them adjacent to the Gar- den so that they could purchase land outside the city, where the air was cleaner and more conducive to fragile plant life. After two years of looking, they found 1,300 acres on the Meramec River near Gray Summit, Missouri. Once they found it, they were quick to act. Long-time Garden horticulturist George Pring remembered accom- panying Moore and a quorum of the Trustees to the site. The group of men surveyed the site, walked through a farm- house on the property, came back outside and stood in a small huddle. The Trustees asked Moore for his recom- mendation; he deferred to Pring; Pring said it was exactly the property they needed, and the Trustees, standing near the banks of the Meramec, voted, on the spot, to buy it. The Trustees planned to move all of the horticultural dis- plays to Gray Summit, leaving only the library, herbarium and historical buildings in St. Louis. But it wasn’t something that could be accomplished overnight; greenhouses had to be constructed. It took 18 months before even the orchid collection, the most vulnerable of the Garden's holdings, could be moved. As it turned out, however, the Trustees did not have to move the Garden to Gray Summit. In the 1930s, From the Globe-Democrat Collection of the St. Louis Mercantile Library Association. CENTENNIAL continued the city passed a smoke abatement ordinance, and the air gradually cleared. The orchids, however, would not come back to the Garden until the 1950s. The subsequent quarter century was not an easy one for the Trustees. There were accomplishments, to be sure. In 1939, the Friends of the Garden was formed to help the Trustees raise money for the development of Shaw Arbore- tum, as the Gray Summit property has become known. (The organization, now the membership at the Missouri Botanical Garden, celebrates it 50th anniversary this year.) In 1943 work began on the Flora of Panama project. The herbarium continued to grow, reaching 1.5 million speci- mens in 1949. However, in 1929 came the Depression, and the Gar- den’s income, at that time derived almost exclusively from endowment, dropped precipitously. From 1928 to 1934 it fell from $215,000 to $148,000—a decline of 30 percent in just six years. By 1938, the Trustees were forced to reduce the Garden staff, but even with the tightened purse strings, there remained a scant $8,000 to purchase seeds and plant material, maintain the scientific facilities, and publish the Annals that year. Buildings, greenhouses, and the property in general, deteriorated. Attendance fell, from 468,000 in 1928 to 334,000 by 1940. During the 1940s, with World War I] making further economies necessary, things continued to decline. By 1951, attendance was down to 199,000. June, 1954: John S. Lehmann (left front), president of the Board, receives a $10,000 check from Arthur B. Baer, president of Stix, Baer & Fuller (right), for restoration of Tower Grove House. Looking on are Dr. Edgar Anderson, director of the Garden, and John A. Bryan, who directed the restoration work. It was at this point, when the future of the Garden looked its most bleak, that John S. Lehmann came forward. An attorney and head of Petrolite Company, Lehmann had joined the Board in 1941. He was elected president in 1953 and, with the retirement of Moore the same year, also took on duties as acting director, for no pay. Lehmann was a logi- cal choice for the job; not only was he a successful business- man, he was also “an amateur horticulturist of recognized skill, especially in the growing of dwarf fruit trees and roses,’ as the St. Louis Globe-Democrat reported in announcing his acceptance of the position. He also had a deep love for the Garden; his influence—and that of his wife, Anne—would remain one of the strongest at the Garden long after he would step down as president in 1958. Under his leadership, the Trustees began the long process of turn- ing the Garden around. Indeed, the seeds of the tremen- dous development of the last 20 years were sown in that period. While Lehmann and the Trustees didn’t work miracles— the financial problems did not evaporate—they did succeed in setting the Garden on a course that would enable it once again to become the place Shaw envisioned it would be. As an appropriate symbol of that, they opened Tower Grove House, Shaw’s country home, to the public. Lehmann served as acting director until 1954 when the Trustees found a brilliant plant geneticist named Edgar Anderson, who had received a prestigious Guggenheim Fel- lowship for his work. Anderson would serve only a little more than three years—resigning in 1957, but remaining with the Garden as a botanist until his death in 1969—but it was during that time that the Garden’s annual Systematics Symposium began. Today it is one of the most significant botanical conferences in the world. During those years, the Garden also started to make inroads toward solving some of its financial problems. Many of the Trustees, including Leh- mann, gave generous donations and convinced some of their friends and associates to do the same. The National Science Foundation awarded the first of what would be many grants to the Garden for its scientific work. The membership increased tremendously, from around 800 in 1954 to more than 2,500 by 1958. That year also saw the beginning of a project that would bring the Garden more international recognition that any- thing else to that point in its history. As a successor to Anderson, the Trustees hired Frits Went, a Dutch-born scientist, “an innovative botanist,” Henry Hitchcock later remembered. (Hitchcock, who became president of the Board in 1965, is the grandson and namesake of the original Trustee.) One of the first projects Went and the Trustees agreed to tackle was the replace- ment of the greenhouses. No new display houses had been built since the Floral Display Hall in 1915; both Went and the Trustees felt that repairing the ancient structures would not be cost effective. Went proposed they try a geodesic dome continued on page 18 i* Plants By Jon Pickering Few plants can boast the varied his- tory of the peonies we see in our gardens today. It is not difficult to appreciate the fascination man has had for peonies through the ages. The name “‘peony”’ comes from a Greek legend in which a student of medi- cine, Paeon, healed a wound the god Pluto received while in battle. Paeon did this with the help of a healing plant shown to him by the goddess Leto. However, in doing so he made Aesculapius, the god of medicine, insanely jealous, and he threat- ened to kill Paeon. Pluto, who was grate- ful for his recovery, saved Paeon by changing him into the healing plant that today bears the name peony (the genus name is Paeonia). Peonies are the exclusive members of the family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, North Africa, Europe, and the western United States (where there is one species, Paeonia brownit). There are some 30 species of peony in total, 26 of which are herbaceous peonies, and the remaining 4 are tree peonies. Tree peonies are not really trees; they are hardy, partly woody plants that don’t die completely back in the winter. Their leaves are large, thin, and pale green. Herbaceous peonies, on the other hand, are, as the name suggests, lower-growing herbaceous plants with smaller, thicker, darker green leaves. They secrete a sug- ary nectar from the outside of the flower buds, unlike tree peonies. A close look at a bud may reveal nectaries and ants visit- ing them. The nectar lies behind the Greek name for the peony—“glucuside” from the Greek “to have sugar qualities.” Of the herbaceous peonies, two spe- cies stand out as being significant histori- cally and for breeding. Paeonia lactiflora (also known as Paeonia albiflora) is best known in the production of new herba- ceous peony cultivars. Sometimes called the “Chinese Peony,” it was originally a white-flowered plant native to Siberia and China, and was first introduced into the West in the mid-17th century. However, it wasn’t until about 1850, when an improved variant was shipped to Europe from the Orient, that breeding began. This, with Prete Peonies the use of other species to cross with it, made Paeonia lactiflora the head of a long line of cultivars and hybrids we can see today. If Paeonta lactiflora was the most highly bred peony, then Paeonta officinalis was the most documented. Native to Europe, the wild stock bears scarlet flowers. It is the peony described in many historical records in Europe and was used for breeding, being crossed, for example, with Paeonta lactiflora. Of the tree peonies, the best known are derived from the species Paeonia suffruticosa. Native to China, the wild representatives of this species had large white flowers with purple eyes on the pet- als. It was popular in China long before records were begun, and the Chinese produced a range of large, drooping, double-flowered cultivars. Around the llth century, monks transported Paeonta suffruticosa to Japan where a different line was developed. These were smaller, semidouble-flowered cultivars with a more erect habit. Breeding in the West began around 1800, but it wasn’t until the turn of the 20th century, when three new tree peony species were discovered, that esteem and diversity for tree peonies advanced significantly. Tree peonies appear to be especially significant in the history and culture of the Orient, although herbaceous peonies were present. In China and Japan, peonies were very much a nobleman’s privilege and commanded high prices. It was not unusual for a peony to be given as part of a dowry payment or as a gift at times of parting. They were considered very symbolic and thus featured greatly in artwork. In China, peonies symbolized springtime. In Japan, the peony was paired with peacocks or phoenixes. Such combinations in Japanese art are fre- quently found, such as willow trees with swallows and storks with pines. Meanwhile in Europe, by contrast, the herbaceous peonies were more signifl- cant historically and in modern breeding programs. The first non-mythological mention of peonies is by Pliny the Elder (A.D. 23-79) who prescribed an infusion of peonies to dissolve bladder and kidney stones. Such use of the plant in medicine probably led to the Latin name for the European peony, Paeonia officinalis (officinalis = ‘‘medicinal”’ in Latin). Even Shakespeare, in the mid-l7th century, mentioned peonies in his play The Tempest, but by this time they had made the transition from being simply a useful herb to being a plant of aesthetic value. People had begun to appreciate the beauty of the peony, something the Chi- nese and Japanese had realized centuries ago, and something we are still doing today. The author, Jon Pickering, ts a hor- ticulture student at Reading University in Reading, England, and ts spending a year as an intern in horticulture at the Missount Botanical Garden. Among his projects has been a study of peonies, and he has gener- ously prepared this article for the Bulletin. P. ‘Tom Eckhardt’ 10. Ask the Answer Service Growing Season Is Here Do you have a plant question? Call the Horticultural Answer Service, Monday through Saturday, 9 a.m. to noon, at 577-5143. Q. About 15 years ago alittle American Holly llex opaca tree sprouted under our kitchen window. I trained it as an espalier. It is now 3 feet tall, 8 feet wide and 15 inches deep. Every fall it produces a nice crop of red berries. However, some of the leaves develop large brown spots. Is that part of the plant’s win- ter cycle or is it an infection? A. I applaud your creative touch! Most gardeners would have weeded out that lit- tle sprout without a second thought. Instead you turned it into a showpiece and no doubt had great fun doing so. The problem you describe sounds like a leaf spot fungus. Remove the infected leaves and spray your holly with a copper- based fungicide in summer and again in early fall. You can reduce the occurrence of leaf spot disease with good cultural practices. Have your soil tested, as lime leaching from your foundation wall could be making it too alkaline. American Hol- lies prefer a somewhat acid soil with a pH between 5.0 and 6.0. Work some well- rotted leafmold into the soil each spring, maintain a year-round mulch, and keep your plant well-watered during dry spells. Q. We had to cut down a 20-year- old willow and a 10-year-old maple because their roots were blocking our sewer. How can! destroy the stumps to keep them from sprouting again? I’ve heard of a chemical that eliminates tree stumps in about three to six months. A. I think you are confusing two differ- ent chemicals: brush killers and stump removers. Brush killers are non-selective herbicides that can be used to prevent regrowth from the stumps of trees that are difficult to kill, such as maples and wil- lows. The undiluted chemical is painted onto the entire freshly cut stump, includ- ing the trunk and exposed roots. Stump removers are used to decom- pose the wood of dead stumps. This pro- cess may take a year or more. After decomposition, the stump is set on fire; it will smolder slowly until it is completely consumed. Be sure to follow all the manufacturer’s directions when using either of these products. Q. An area along the west side of my house is shady and invaded by roots from nearby trees. Are there any small evergreens or shrubs that will grow in these conditions? A. Few conifers will tolerate much shade, but there are some low-growing types you might try: Dwarf Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata ‘Nana’), Globe Arborvi- tae (Thuja occidentalis ‘Globosa’), and Siberian Carpet Cypress (Microbiota decussata). If the site is protected from prevailing winds, consider Canadian Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Several dwarf cultivars are available, but the larger plants can be grown and pruned to restrict their size. All of these will tolerate dap- pled shade and some competition from nearby roots if enough moisture is available. Some deciduous shrubs you might try are Arrowwood Viburnum (Viburnum dentatum), Shrub Honeysuckle (selec- tions of Lonicera), Japanese Kerria (Ker- ria japonica), Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), Dwarf Fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenit) and Summersweet (Clethra alnifolta). Q. Last year some of my tomato plants never grew tall and produced no fruit. Their leaves stayed green but were deformed and “stringy.” The problem didn’t affect all of my plants, only a few here and there. What is causing this and how can! prevent it? A. The problem sounds like Cucum- ber Mosaic Virus (CMV). Tomatoes infected with this disease are often stunted and may fail to bear fruit. The leaves’ “stringy” appearance, called the “shoestring” effect, is the result of a severe infection. The CMV virus is spread to tomatoes and other garden plants by aphids, and controlling them is a vital step in preventing the disease. At the first sign of symptoms, infected plants must be removed and destroyed. Remove all weeds growing near your vegetable garden, as they may harbor both the virus and the disease-carrying aphids. Such common weeds as plantain, nightshade, milkweed, burdock, spurge, pokeweed, bittersweet and even cultivated catnip may be infected with CMV and can con- taminate your vegetable patch. Q. We recently moved into a house with several window box planters. Can I use the soil that’s in them or should I replace it? A. Window boxes should be emptied each year and replanted with a fresh soil mix. Avoid using only garden soil, as it will pack down and drain poorly. Use one part rich garden soil along with equal parts compost and sharp sand. Either traction sand, vermiculite, perlite or turface may be substituted for the sharp sand to insure a porous mix. Before filling the window box, be cer- tain all the drainage holes are clear. To prevent your soil mix from washing through, line the bottom with a piece of window screen or a couple of coffee filters. TIMELY TIPS: ¢ Feed roses after the first show of bloom is past. Use a balanced fertilizer such as 12-12-12. e Prune climbing roses back after their blossoms fade. e Any spring-flowering trees and shrubs in need of pruning may be trimmed now. e Fertilize azaleas and rhododendrons after they finish blooming. Use a formula made for acid-loving plants. ¢ Set out vegetables that need warmth, such as tomatoes, peppers and eggplants, once the night temperatures remain above 50° F, ¢ Apply mulches as the soil is warming. Water first if soil is dry. ¢ Softwood cuttings can be taken after the first flush of new growth. e Spray roses with a fungicide that gives black spot control. e Plant cucumbers and squash after the soil has thoroughly warmed. ¢ Start brussel sprouts in May for setting into the garden in late June. This will pro- vide for a fall harvest. e Start pumpkins about mid-June to have Jack-o-Lanterns by Halloween. ¢ Renovate strawberries after harvest is complete. Mow the rows, thin out excess plants, remove weeds and apply mulches to prevent weeds’ return. —Chip Tynan, The Answer Service Greensfelder Medal to Richard Pough Richard H. Pough, the man who gave the Nature Conservancy its name, received the 1989 Albert P. and Blanche Y. Greensfelder Medal on March 16, 1989, at a banquet in his honor at the Ridgway Center. Pough is perhaps best known as the author of the Audubon Bird Guide, but he was the impetus behind the very success- ful preservation group, The Nature Con- servancy. This organization has purchased millions of acres of virgin land in this coun- try and others, often deeding the land over for management by other private and public conservation groups. The Conser- vancy has saved 35,000 acres of land in Missouri alone. Prior to Pough’s term as the Conser- vancy’s first president, the organization was known as the Ecologist’s Union. Under Pough’s leadership the group decided they would do just one thing and do it well. They decided to save land. In addition to the vast areas they have pur- chased, The Nature Conservancy today lends money from a revolving fund to Behind the Scenes Dr, Steven Cline Garden Trustee O. Sage Wightman III (left) presented the medal to Richard Pough (right). groups trying to preserve land. The group also has been instrumental in the innova- tive debt-swap program, where countries set aside land for conservation, in exchange for loan retirements. Pough, who was born in 1904, studied ornithology and mammalogy at Harvard, but holds a degree in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy. He says that his background in chem- ical engineering has allowed him to “recognize the importance of the genetic material inherent in a plant ecosystem”. The Greensfelder Medal, which was presented to Pough for his long history of land preservation and animal protection, was first established in 1980, as a memo- rial to Albert P. and Blanche Y. Greensfel- der. It is awarded to those exceptional individuals who have made substantial contributions to conservation and urban improvement. Some former recipients of the medal include Roger Tory Peterson, Roberto Burle Marx and Leonard Hall. Manager Named for Center for Home Gardening The Garden is a step closer to its pro- posed Center for Home Gardening with the appointment of Dr. Steven D. Cline as manager for the center. Cline comes to the Garden from St. Louis University where he was engaged in postdoctoral research. Cline’s academic background includes a masters and doctorate in plant pathology from the University of Illinois. His early training was in botany, and he is a certified teacher in secondary education. Peter H. Raven, director of the Garden, said, “Dr. Cline has exceptional credentials, but it is his enthusiasm for creating a ‘hands-on’ garden that makes him the ideal can- didate.” Cline’s speciality is ornamental plant pathology. “This field of study involves the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of infectious and non-infectious diseases of plants,’ Cline said. However, the diagnosis of plant disorders starts with understanding the cultivation and charac- teristics of healthy plants.” Until the spring of 1990, when con- struction will begin on the Center’s Pavil- ion, Cline will be reviewing the physical plans for the Center for Home Gardening, designing programs and developing cooperative links with the community. Cline said, “The entire purpose of this project is to provide Garden Members and visitors with horticultural information and training in gardening techniques.” “It is an exceptional opportunity for the Garden to provide the community with practical, ‘hands-on’ learning experi- ences,” Cline said. “I am excited to be a part of the program.” Plans for the Center for Home Gardening include the Pavilion, a 10,000-square-foot building, and more than 20 demonstration gardens. It will be located in the area between the Climatron and the Japanese Garden. M AY & jJ UN E WALKING TOURS us for tours ev and Sunday and Saturda day tours le ery Tuesday, afternoon. y tours leave at ‘leave at 2 p-™- Ridgway C enter ticket pringtime wit h den Guides. history, Join Saturday Tuesday {p.m., Sun Meet at the: r. Enjoy § able Gat horticulture, counte knowledge Explore the | dena art and architec soem rain or shine. Free den admission. 1 monpay Plant Clinic 9 a.m. to noon, Ridgway Center. Master Gardeners will be on hand to assist you with on-the-spot iden- tification of your plants and their insect, disease and cultural prob- lems. Free with regular Garden admission. 1-7 Mon.-sun Plantasia 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Ridgway Cen- ter. Exhibit continues. Photographs by Robert Shapiro. Free with regu- lar Garden admission. 2 TUESDAY Book Autographing Session 3 to5 p.m., Garden Gate Shop. Join Dr. Peter H. Raven and Dr. George Johnson in the beautiful new book department, as they sign copies of the new edition of their book Biol- ogy. Free with regular Garden admission. § satrurpay 10th Annual St. Louis Storytelling Festival 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium and Japanese Garden. Join us for “A Storytelling Family Reunion” featuring local and nation- ally known storytellers. Sponsored by University of Missouri-St. Louis and the National Park Service at the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (the Arch). Free with regular Garden admission. of the G arden, ith regular G4 G Missouri Botanical Garden CALENDAR OF EVENTS May-June 1989 Y- MAY 26/ ROSE EVENING 5 to8p.m., grounds. Don't miss this very special Members’ evening, featuring our beautiful rose gardens. Other delights include music, fabulous spring fashions from Plaza Frontenac, and a buffet supper. Watch your mail for more information. For Members only. MAY 11 / MEMBERS’ DAY , , Arboretum Walk 4 10:00 a.m. to noon, Shaw Arboretum. Guided walking tour of Arboretum wildflowers. Meet at the Visitors Center by 9:45 a.m. Call 577-5138 or 742-3512 (local area) to make reservations. For Members only. MAY 29 / MEMORIAL DAY Summer Hours Begin The Garden will be open daily from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. through Labor Day, September 4. Come enjoy the long tranquil evenings with a stroll about the grounds. MAY 7-14 / FRAGRANCE WEI “A Celebration of Scent” Enjoy floral demonstrations, mu entertainment, fashion, local celebrities and much, much mor Register to win a trip to Hawaii 2 other special gifts. Sponsored by the Garden and Famous-Barr. See page 15 for details. 13-14 Rose Society Sale 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Ridgway (¢ ter. Good buys on a wide variety popular roses, with free advice f experienced growers. Regular Garden admission. 14 Iris Society Show Noon to 5 p.m., Ridgway Center gorgeous display of a wide variet cultivars. Free with regular Gare admission. SAT.-SUN SUNDAY 15 monpay Plant Clinic 9 a.m. to noon. See May 1 for details. FRIDAY 19 Purple Martin Evening 6:30 p.m., Shoenberg Auditoriu and grounds. It’s a tradition! We! come these popular birds back v a lecture, film, and slide show in Auditorium, followed by a stroll through the Garden's purple mai neighborhood. Led for the 8th y by W. Ashley Gray III. There wil a drawing for a purple martin hot Cash bar; no reservations requi! Free; limited seating. hlia Plant Sale .m. to5 p.m. daily, Ridgway nter. A variety of beautiful speci- n plants on sale by the Greater Louis Dahlia Society. Regular rden admission. SATURDAY is Society Show onto 5p.m., Ridgway Center. » May 14 for details. WEDNESDAY 2z In June” (0 p.m., Cohen Amphitheater. st of a series of four Wednesday ning concerts featuring local jazz sicians. (Tonight’s musicians to announced.) Lawn seating; blan- s or lawn chairs are encouraged. mission is $2 per person, plus ular Garden admission. | WEDNESDAY 1zz In June” 0 p.m., Cohen Amphitheater. ituring the Ptah Williams Quar- . See June 7 for details. y Society Show on to 5 p.m. Saturday; 9 a.m. to .m. Sunday; Ridgway Center. onsored by the Mid-America gional Lily Society. Free with ular Garden admission. SAT.-SUN SATURDAY - SUNDAY Horticulture Society Show Noon to 5 p.m. Saturday; 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday; Ridgway Center. Displays of flowers, vegetables, perennials and houseplants. Free with regular Garden admission. JUNE 4 / SUNDAY World Environment Day Noon to 5 p.m., Ridgway Center and grounds. Co-sponsored by the Garden and the United Nations Association. Events and activities designed to raise public awareness of current environmental issues, including endangered species and recycling. Dancers, displays, storytelling, presentations, and audience participation. Free with regular Garden admission. JUNE 15 / MEMBERS’ DAY “Heart Stroll” 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., grounds. Take a brisk walk through the Garden and have your blood pressure and pulse rate checked by repre- sentatives from Jewish Hospital. The Gardenview Restaurant will feature a “healthy heart” lunch special. For Members only. SAT.-SUN. 21-28 Rose Society Show Noon to 5 p.m. Saturday; 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday; Ridgway Center. Everyone’s favorite flower is on display. Free with regular Garden admission. JUNE 17-JULY 4 Paintings by Robert Stolz 9 a.m to 5 p.m. daily, Ridgway Cen- ter. Fifty-four paintings of botanical subjects and floral arrangements. Free with regular Garden admission. ra “Jazz In June” 7:30 p.m., Cohen Amphitheater. Featuring the St. Louis Sessions Band. See June 7 for details. WEDNESDAY SUNDAY 29 Daylily Society Show Noon to 5 p.m., Ridgway Center. A lovely display of these popular flowers. Free with regular Garden admission. 28 = weDNESDaY “Jazz In June” 7:30 p.m., Cohen Amphitheater. Musicians to be announced. See June 7 for details. Membership Desk Chairman Mim Kittner (left) with volunteers Bill Richardson and Lillian Biggs. The Membership Services Desk The Membership Services and Infor- mation Desk is a highlight of the member- ship program. More than 40 specially trained and highly talented volunteers staff the Desk, located in the lobby of the Ridgway Center, just outside the Garden Gate Shop. These loyal volunteers work at the Desk full-time during peak visiting hours between April and October. Help- ey “ fs 9 1 oe @ 2. wae ed See ing Members, answering questions, sell- ing memberships, and politely and cheerfully greeting Members and visitors is what these dedicated men and women do best. The next time you visit, stop and say hello! These warm and friendly people are here to serve you. meow 1k MEMBERSHIP OFFICE Fifty-Year Members Have you been a Garden Member for 90 years—or do you know someone who has? The Membership office hopes to gather as many of you as possible for a photograph to be taken in honor of our 50th anniversary. Members from 1939 to 1944 will be included. Please call Brenda Banjak at 577-9517 for details. Mother’s Day Special! Give your Mother the Garden for Mother’s Day, or treat yourself to a Gar- den membership. All gifts to Mothers will be delivered on Friday, May 12, 1989, and will be accompanied by a lovely fragrance bottle. Call 577-5118 by May 8 to purchase a Mother’s Day membership gift. Thank You... The Members’ Board would like to express their appreciation to artist Jerry Thomas and to Minner Nursery Com- pany, for generous contributions of talent and materials for recent Members’ activities. / \ | 1939 \ ze Years of Membership Viissourt Botanical Garden 7 < TWENTY-ONE YEARS AGO: Enjoying a morning meeting in the director’s resi- dence are the Members of the 1967-68 Friends of the Garden Board (left to right): Mrs. Charles Limberg; Mrs. Thomas Collins, Jr.; Mrs. William H. Bixley, Jr.; Mrs. Frank A. Thompson, Jr.; and Mrs. Bourne Bean. (From the Bulletin, July-August 1968.) eel, va yee we 4 << x May 7—14/ FRAGRANCE WEEK ‘A Celebration of Scent” You won't want to miss this week-long celebration of fragrance and flowers featuring floral demonstrations, musical entertainment, fashion, local celebrities and much, much more! Register to win a trip to Hawaii and other special gifts. Co-sponsored by the Garden and Famous-Barr. For a complete schedule of activities, dates and times see the brochure mailed recently to Members, or pick one up at the Garden or Famous-Barr. Events at the Garden include: Opening Day Ceremony May 7 1 p.m., Ridgway Center. Join the Garden, Famous-Barr and media personali- ties as they kickoff Fragrance Week. Delight in music, a special fragrance walk featuring talking flowers, and marvelous spring floral displays. Fun for everyone! Mother’s Day Luncheon Friday, May 12 Noon, Ridgway Center. Enjoy a beautiful fashion presentation by Famous- Barr with commentator, Vogue Editor, Kelly Bevan. Visit with Robin Leach, host of TV’s “Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous,” representing Giorgio “Red” fra- grance. Take home a gift of Giorgio “Red,” compliments of Famous-Barr. Other luncheon features include music by the Rivercity Trio and special attendance gifts. Mother's Day at the Garden May 14 Make a very special day of it! Enjoy a delightful brunch in the Gardenview Restaurant and spectacular spring flowers throughout the Garden. Mothers will receive a fragrance sample, compliments of Famous-Barr. Garden Guides Have Openings for Volunteers The Garden Guides are a very special group of men and women who share their love of the Garden with visitors of all ages. Guides are fully trained to discuss the his- tory, horticulture, ecology, design, architecture and sculpture of the Garden and lead tour groups throughout the year. Volunteers commit to regular service, one day a week, plus training sessions. The Guides currently have openings for volunteers on Wednesdays, Thurs- days, and Fridays, plus a few openings for those who can guide only on Saturdays. Please call Jeanne McGilligan at 577-5187 for details. Increased Attendance in 1988 The Garden reported a 1988 annual attendance of 714,945 persons, an increase of 7.4 percent over 1987 figures. Attendance for 1987 was 665,171. Peter H. Raven, director of the Gar- den, noted that attendance figures have continued to rise each year as more and more people take advantage of the Gar- den’s education classes, public events and special membership activities. “It has long been our goal to be a community resource for St. Louis, and we are very pleased that more people are becoming aware of and utilizing our services,’ Raven sald. Of the 1988 total attendance, fully 45 percent, or 325,598 persons, attended the Garden without admission charge. Raven explained that Garden Members and their families, as well as all children aged 12 and under, enjoy complimentary admission. The Garden also has main- tained a consistent policy of offering free admission to all who enter the Garden before noon on Wednesday and Saturday mornings. “‘That policy,’ Raven said, “assures that anyone in our community who wants to enjoy the Garden will be able to do so.” Oral History Program % * . * Eddie Rosenheim Listening is a talent Mrs. Robert (Eddie) Rosenheim uses well for the Gar- den Library’s Oral History Program. Eddie has completed more than 50 taped interviews with Garden associates, including past and present members of the Board, directors, botanists, and gardeners. Taken together, these inter- views provide a history of the Garden as perceived by many of the people associated with it. Eddie began her work for the Library in the fall of 1987, to add documentation to the Garden's archives. She began doing oral history eight years ago with the National Council for Jewish Women and has completed more than 600 interviews for that program. Her reward, she says, is learning from people of varying careers and interests. Some of her most memora- ble moments with the Garden program include getting to know botanists: ‘‘a totally new experience for me—finding out about their work and what they’re really like as people.” Of special interest to Eddie is the changing role that the Board of Trustees has played in the Gar- den’s development through the years, and the ways Board members have con- tributed to making the Garden what it is today. All of the interviews add a vital dimen- sion to the Garden’s history, often supply- ing information that might otherwise have been lost. Memories, expressed in indi- viduals’ own words, enrich our history as nothing else can. Eddie can be proud of the contributions she is making through her enthusiastic and competent handling of this program. Volunteer Needed A volunteer is needed to transcribe the oral history tapes for the archives. Excellent typing skills and a word proces- sor are necessary. Please call Jeanne McGilligan, 577-5187, for more details. Latin American Plant Sciences Network Supports Graduate Training An exciting new project is underway to train and support botanists in Latin America. With help from the Garden and a number of North American foundations, the Latin American Plant Sciences Net- work was founded in February, 1988, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The Network is offering graduate fel- lowships (pre-Masters to Doctoral level) at six academically prestigious centers throughout Latin America. These oppor- tunities are intended to increase the num- ber of trained botanists in the region, where they will be able to help influence and deal with the growing pressures on the ecosystem. The Network also will foster collaboration in basic research and strengthen international scientific cooperation. The Network is supported by gener- ous grants from the Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation ($100,000 for two years), Rockefeller Foundation ($300,000 for two years), W. Alton Jones Foundation ($100,000 for one year), and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation ($300,000 for four years). The Missouri Botanical Garden provides assistance in the administration of these grants. The coordinator of the Network is Dr. Mary T. Kalin de Arroyo of the Univer- sidad de Chile. She is a long-time research associate of the Garden. First vice-coordinator is Dr. Sonia Machado de Campos Dietrich of the Instituto de Botanica de Sao Paulo. Dr. Enrique Forero, the Garden’s director of research, was named second vice-coordinator of MacArthur Grant Supports Production of Tropical Botany Film The John D. and Catherine T. Mac- Arthur Foundation has awarded the Gar- den a $250,000 grant in partial support for the production of a one-hour television special on tropical botany. The grant is part of an on-going effort by the Founda- tion to fund films and magazines designed to educate the public about critical environmental issues. The Garden's film will feature Mada- gascar as a microcosm of the worldwide crisis of deforestation, species extinction and human survival. The work of Garden curators Porter P. Lowry II and George E. Schatz to identify and preserve quickly disappearing species of plants on the island and to develop a national park reserve on the Masoala Peninsula, the only remaining virgin rain forest on Madagascar, will be featured. (See the Bulletin, March/April 1989, p. 11.) Approximately 80 percent of the 10,000 known species of plants on Madagascar are endemic and represent 25 percent of all species in the entire Afri- can region. Cattle grazing, logging, farm- ing and firewood gathering have destroyed 90 percent of the rain forest, and it Is esti- mated that if current survival practices continue, all remaining species will be destroyed in 20 to 30 years. The conservation and development programs being carried out on Madagas- car by the Garden will be portrayed as representative of the Garden and other institutions’ tropical botany efforts worldwide. In addition to production of the one- hour special, funds for the project will be used to produce a 15-18 minute version of the film for public education and fund- raising by the Garden. A total budget of $743,000 is required for the two films. Fund-raising is continuing to identify matching funds for the MacArthur grant. Production is expected to begin in Sep- tember 1989. So Foe) eR TT. the Network. The Network has been encouraged and supported throughout its develop- ment by Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the Garden. Dr. Raven recently was named as the first “International Consul- tant” to the project. Dr. Enrique Forero’s participation in the Network is in recogni- tion of his leading role in developing botany in Latin America. ¢ is only 35 miles from downtown St. Louis, west on Interstate 44; ¢ contains 2,400 acres with 12 miles of hiking trails; ¢ offers two picnic areas including the beautiful log and stone Trail House; ® maintains seven miles of service roads perfect for bicycling, cross country skiing, jogging, and hiking; ¢ each year helps thousands of children to explore the natural world in a variety of fun and meaningful programs; ° offers a wide range of classes and walks for adults, including nocturnal awareness hikes, wildflower identification, nature photography, prairie evening walks, observa- tion of migrating birds, and many other activities; provides a variety of interpretive materials, including the Brush Creek Trail Native Tree Guide, and the new family-oriented discovery map for Wolf Run trail; ¢ is home to more than 250 species of woodland and glade wildflowers that bloom in succession from March through May; ¢ maintains the Pinetum, a 45-acre collection of conifers from various parts of the world, which includes the majestic bald cypress that line the shore of Pinetum Lake; ¢ is home for deer, turkey, mink, coyote, bobcat and many other forms of wildlife; ¢ offers beautiful views from the limestone bluffs overlooking a three-mile section of Meramec River, which passes through the property; ¢ provides access to a large gravel bar along the river, accessible by one of many hiking trails; ¢ provides a dazzling early spring display of daffodils in the rolling meadows surround- ing the lake; ¢ offers narrated Wilderness Wagon tours on Sundays in the spring and fall; ¢ provides bus, Wilderness Wagon and walking tours for groups such as garden clubs, senior citizens’ groups, and others; © sponsors wildflower walks every Tuesday morning during the spring, which are led by knowledgeable guides from the Webster Groves Nature Study Society; is a refuge for people seeking a quiet place to enjoy and learn about the natural world. The Arboretum staff would like to invite all Members to visit the Arboretum in the near future. The Arboretum is a place for all seasons, and a visit at any time of the year has its rewards. We hope to see you at the Arboretum soon! - Ne dl Lesage atone A A view of the Pinetum Lake Prairie Plants for Sale Seedlings of popular prairie plants will be available for purchase at the Arbore- tum Visitor Center beginning May 15. Fourteen species of prairie wildflowers and two species of grasses will be sold. Quantities will be limited. These prairie plants are sun-loving perennials and are very tolerant of drought. The March/April 1989 issue of the Bulletin described a new native plant and wildflower area to be developed at the Arboretum. This development is made possible by a gift from the Whitmire fam- ily, whose generosity is deeply appre- ciated. Raven Honored By National Wildlife Federation Peter H. Raven, director of the Gar- den, was honored in Washington, D.C. on March 18 by the National Wildlife Federa- tion. He was named the recipient of the 1988 National Conservation Achievement Award for Science. Jay D. Hair, president of the National Wildlife Federation, said that Raven's “research into plant evolution and his strategies for studying the rapidly vanish- ing tropical plant world merit the Federa- tion's highest form of recognition.” The award is given annually to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the conservation of our nation’s environ- ment, wildlife and natural resources. As director of the Garden, Dr. Raven supervises the most active tropical botany research program in the world. He is an internationally respected scientist and Engelmann Professor of Botany at Washington University, and is also known widely as an outspoken leader in efforts to catalog plants of the rapidly vanishing tropical rain forests. He has worked tire- lessly with international groups such as the Organization for Tropical Studies, the World Wildlife Fund, the National Geo- graphic Society, and the National Academy of Sciences. The National Wildlife Federation, founded in 1938, is pledged to encourag- ing “the intelligent management of the life-sustaining resources of the Earth.” Headquartered in Washington, D.C., it represents 5.1 million members. i a Did you know that Shaw Arboretum: Ze CAMPAIGN ~— UPDATE: As of March 15, 1989 the Gar- den’s $16 million capital campaign has raised $14,700,251 in gifts and pledges. N March, the Climatron renovation project received a wonderful boost when it was awarded a $257,385 grant from the National Science Foundation. This award will support environmental science exhibits and interpretive signage to be installed as part of the Climatron’s new display scheme, as well as the production of additional interpretive materials that build on these. The award was made from NSF's Informal Science Education Program, which supports “projects that strengthen and enhance the scientific and technical understanding of the public outside of the formal education environment.” Histori- cally, the Climatron has portrayed the stunning beauty and variety of tropical plant species—and also interpreted for visitors the biological characteristics of tropical regions, the important ecological roles played by their many native plant species, and their importance for us as consumers of tropically derived products. The renovated Climatron will significantly increase this educational function through exhibits, signage, and adjunct interpretation geared to the different Large trees are protected with plastic while constru ~. ee, Sie ction takes place inside the Climatron. learning needs of children and adults. Exhibits supported by NSF are: The Buttress Tree/Fallen Log Exhibit, which explores how trees adapt to shallow tropical soils and the many environmental changes caused by forest deadfall and its decomposition; The Forest Bridge, a walkway through the treetops allowing eye-level access to the many plants and trees that flower high in the canopy, a story (or layer) of plant growth hosting plant and animal communities unlike those found in other stories; Products From Plants, which depicts the many tropically derived foodstuffs, medicines, industrial and other consumer products on which we daily depend; and The Talking Orchid, a child-oriented, “marionette”like device presenting sur- vival methods of ephiphytic plants (those getting nourishment by means other than roots in soil). Over the next two years, three staff members of the Education Division, with partial NSF support, will revise or pro- duce classroom and audiovisual materials, tour scripts, pamphlets, read- ing lists, and other items for use in con- junction with the new exhibits and signs, particularly by those 95 percent of the Climatron’s visitors who see the building on a self-guiding basis. Renee NSF Awards Maem Gant CENTENNIAL continued from page 8 and the Trustees, led by then-president Robert Brookings Smith, agreed. The new greenhouse, the Climatron, opened in 1960. The effect was tremendous. Atten- dance in 1958 was only 218,000; in 1960, it was 423,000. The Trustees saw the Climatron as a means of generating income for the Garden, and started charg- ing admission to the greenhouse. At 50 cents for an adult, the Climatron brought in $2,000 a week during the first few months it was open. From 1960 through the balance of the decade, the Trustees sought to solidify the gains they had made with the Clima- tron. Primarily, they sought to bring the Garden's finances into order. In 1966, they instituted an admission fee to the Garden for the first time in history. And it paid off. Operating income increased, from just under $400,000 in 1960 to $600,000 in 1970. Research grants, and grants for other special projects, jumped from around $50,000 in 1960 to just under $300,000 in 1970. By 1965, under a new director, David M. Gates, and a new president, Henry Hitchcock, the Garden was operating with a balanced budget for the first time in decades. Two years later, with Harry E. Wuer- tenbaecher, Jr. sitting in the president’s chair, the Trustees opened the Garden’s first ever capital fund drive, to raise $3 million to construct a building for the edu- cation and scientific programs. They encouraged the Garden’s education and scientific staff to be more aggressive in pursuing grants. Even with the gains, there was still far to go. As one staff member would point out later, the Garden in 1970 was the Climatron and a series of flower shows. The Garden also lacked a certain stability. While it had had just two directors for its first 64 years post-Shaw, it had had three, and an equal number of acting directors, in the last 16. But that would all change, for the bet- ter, with the turning of a new decade. —To be continued EDITOR'S NOTE: Joseph M. Schuster is a former editor of the Bulletin. He ts a free- lance writer whose work has appeared in St. Louis Magazine, Sport Magazine, Southern Style, and USA Today. Myr. Schuster lives in St. Louts. This history of the Board of Trustees and the growth of the Garden will be published in installments in the Bulletin during 1989. a a a RRR RIE ths Si UNRATE SRA APE a Tose Se Garden Hosts Conference on Genetics and Population Biology of Rare Plants With the aim of bettering efforts at conserving and managing rare plant spe- cies, the Garden hosted a gathering of about 70 population biologists, geneti- cists, conservation biologists, and govern- ment officials on March 9-11. The broad topics considered included genetic varia- tion in wild populations, ecology and population structure of rare species, genetics of rare species in cultivation, strategies for protecting genetic variation, and recommendations stemming from the rest of the conference. The conference was organized by the Center for Plant Conservation, which is a national organization of botanical gardens, including the Missouri Botanical Garden, dedicated to backing up wild populations of endangered species through cultivation and seed banking. The international ros- ter of participants included members of the Garden's staff along with faculty mem- bers from St. Louis University and Wash- ington University. Garden Explorer Is Published A new guidebook to the Garden, writ- ten expressly for children, is available in the Garden Gate Shop. The Garden Ex- plorer, written by staff teacher Nancy S. D'Arcy, is an eye-catching folder filled NEWS FROM TOWER GROVE HOUSE ALBUM QUILT AWARDED (left to right): Edith Weis, a Member of the Garden; Norma Silber, manager of Tower Grove House; and Virginia Blume, president of the Tower Grove House Auxiliary, are shown with the album quilt Mrs. Weis won in a drawing. The quilt, which features scenes of the Garden, was the centerpiece of a quilt exhibit in the Ridgway Center last September. with illustrated activity sheets. Each sheet discusses a different area of the Garden, including its plants and its his- tory. As children tour the Garden and complete the sheets, they will learn about trees, garden design, types of seeds, plant families, pollination and more. The Garden Explorer is available in the Shop for $2.50. Additional activity sheets will be offered each season. Mother’s Day Is May 14 Visit the Shop to select the perfect gift for Mother’s Day. The Gift Shop is featur- ing colorful handbags, decorative pillows, soaps, potpourri, fashion jewelry and por- celain music boxes. The Plant Shop is offering a lovely selection of blooming plants, tropicals, hanging baskets and miniatures roses. From the Garden Gate Shop Henry Shaw’s Bedroom Is Changed Research has discovered that the front (northwest) bedroom in Tower Grove House, which had been designated as Henry Shaw's, was actually the guest room. Mr. Shaw used the back (south- west) bedroom for himself. In honor of the Centennial of the Board of Trustees, and the 30th anniversary of the Tower Grove House Historical Committee, the two bedrooms will be redecorated to reflect the change. The Committee 1s selecting carpeting and furnishings, and having the paint in the rooms tested to determine original colors. The renovation is expected to be complete in 1989. Baltzer Fellowship The 1988-89 Elizabeth Ammerman Baltzer Fellowship has been awarded to Ms. Donna I. Ford, a graduate student at Washington University. The Baltzer Fel- lowship, which was established in 1987 through the generosity of several anony- mous donors, honors the memory of Elizabeth A. Baltzer, who received her M.A. degree in botany from Washington University in 1939. The Fellowship pro- vides an annual stipend to a female gradu- ate student or postgraduate fellow in plant systematics or ecology. Ms. Ford, who also received the Fel- lowship in 1987-88, is a doctoral student studying the systematics and evolution of South American Calandrinia, a member of the Portulacaceae or purslane family. She has completed two extended field trips in Chile and Argentina as part of her research. Father’s Day Is June 18 For Father’s special day, the Shop has a handsome assortment of gifts, including fine gardening tools, distinctive sundials, wind chimes and interesting books. There are also great selections of gifts for wed- dings, graduations and birthdays. Gift cer- tificates are always available. % Trustee Profiles Laine! SAMUEL HAYES Recently, two new term-trustees were elected to the Garden’s Board: Samuel B. Hayes, president of Boatmen’s Bank, and Andrew C. Taylor, president of Enterprise Leasing Company. Samuel Hayes came to St. Louis from Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1986 to head Boat- men’s Bank. He served as an executive vice president and then as president of the Bank of Omaha for ten years prior to his arrival in St. Louis. When questioned about St. Louis’ arts and cultural pro- grams, Hayes said that he found the com- mitment and involvement to cultural institutions in the St. Louis area extraor- dinary. A graduate of Yale and Harvard univer- sities, Hayes has always demonstrated active support of civic efforts. He was chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Children’s Medical Center in Oklahoma and a board member of a number of addi- tional civic organizations. Since he arrived in St. Louis, Hayes has become a participant in a long list of civic activities. Presently he is a trustee of the St. Louis Art Museum, a commis- sioner of the St. Louis Science Center, the 1989 co-chairman of the Zoofari, and was recently appointed a trustee of St. Louis University. When asked about his interest and role as a member of the Garden’s Board of Trustees, Hayes commented that it was exciting to see such positive activity underway at the Garden. “I was terribly impressed with what the Garden had accomplished and with the leadership capabilities of Dr. Raven. I wanted to be a part of that effort and am supportive of the momentum the Garden has going. My interest and objectives as a Trustee are to be a part of this extraordinary institution and help it move forward.” Hayes, who 1s originally from New Jer- sey, and his wife, Kathryn, have three children. ANDREW TAYLOR Andrew C. Taylor, a lifelong resident of St. Louis, has been president of Enter- prise Leasing Company since 1980. The company, a family business Taylor’s father started in 1957, leases automobiles and light duty trucks to small businesses and individuals. Taylor travels frequently from coast- to-coast, supervising nearly 500 locations in rent-a-car operations throughout the country. He commented that he has a chance to see many other cities that have much to offer, while others are lacking. “One of the things that makes St. Louis special is the Garden. It is a jewel. It’s important that all of us do what we can to keep it special. This requires strong sup- port from the corporate community and | am pleased to be able to lend whatever expertise I have to benefit the Garden,” said Taylor. Taylor plans to participate actively in Garden efforts and sees the Garden as an amazing community resource. “It is an institution that makes St. Louis an excit- ing place, and it encourages more people to visit and settle permanently in this area,’ he said. Along with the Garden's Board of Trustees, Taylor also serves as a trustee and treasurer of KETC Channel 9 and is a member of Blue Cross of Missourl. He and his wife Barbara returned to St. Louis after a short stay in San Fran- cisco in 1973 and have three teenage daughters. Both Mr. Hayes and Mr. Taylor have expressed a genuine commitment to Gar- den activities. Taylor has already agreed to serve as co-chairman of the 1989 Cen- tennial Celebration to be held on Septem- ber 9, and both Trustees are members of the Garden’s Henry Shaw Annual Giving Campaign, an important committee whose fund-raising efforts assist the Gar- den in obtaining the much needed general operating support for the services to the public and general maintenance of the Garden's grounds. Moving? Please Remember To Send Us Your New Address. To avoid missing any of your member- ship mailings, you must give us your new address at least three weeks before you move. Please enclose the mailing label on the back cover of this Bulletin, and mail to: Membership Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Name: Old Address: City State__ Zip New Address: City State_ Zip Date Effective: Phone (day) On January 24, 1989, Mrs. Rave hosted a luncheon at the Garden in honor of Nien Cheng, best-selling author of Life and Death in Shangha. Nien Cheng was in St. Louis to address the 70th anniver- sary dinner of the International Institute of Metro St. Louis, an organization that assists refugees. Dr. William Tai, coor- dinator of the Flora of China project, and Mrs. Tai also attended. Pictured above, left to right: Mrs. Arthur Stockstrom, Nien Cheng, Mrs. Horton Watkins (first president of the International Institute), and Mrs. Lloyd Stark. Gardenview Restaurant Introduces Biodegradable Containers On February 1, 1989, the Garden offi- cially switched from polystyrene foam to paper for carry-out containers in the res- taurant. This change reflects the Garden’s policy of practicing environmental respon- sibility. Polystyrene foam is not biodegrada- ble, cannot be recycled, and contributes substantially to the volume of solid waste clogging the world’s garbage disposal sys- tems. Ina 1986 study of the top 20 chemi- cals whose manufacture contributes the most hazardous waste to the atmosphere and waterways, polystyrene ranked num- ber five. Production of polystyrene also produces chlorofluorocarbons, which have been linked to the deterioration of the Earth’s ozone layer. Tributes JANUARY - FEBRUARY 1989 In Honor Of: Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm Graham Alexander Mrs. Blanche J. Freed Mr. John H. Biggs Mr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Gazzoli Mr. Harold Brod Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Donald Brown Mrs. Ray Magidson Mrs. Evelyn Vogel Ms. Barbara Brundage Ladue Garden Club Mrs. Theresia Bumm Miss Toni Albers Mrs. Ann King Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Cross Mr. and Mrs. Alfred S. Kilpatrick Dr. Harold Cutler Dr. and Mrs. Norman W. Drey Mrs. John Isaacs Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Harry Rosenbaum Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Dr. and Mrs. Helman C. Wasserman Ms. Jean S. Weinstock Ms. Juanita Davis Mrs. Dorothy B. Schukar Mrs. Vickie Dillon Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mr. and Mrs. Jack Edlin Mr. and Mrs. Richard Prager Mr. and Mrs. Milton Freund Mrs. Ben H. Senturia Mr. and Mrs. Roy Gallagher Mrs. Arthur Epstein Mr. Doug Gilberg Bennett Hills Garden Club Mr. and Mrs. Whitney Harris Mrs. Bobby S. Erlich Mr. Guy Jester Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Weinstock - Dr. and Mrs. Herbert E. Mr. Donald Harston Ms. Gertrude Cohen Mr. Jack Jennings Webster Groves Garden Club— Group 24 Mr. and Mrs. Harold Kessler Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Shapiro Mr. and Mrs. T. M. Knobel Mrs. Carl F. Kottmeier Mrs. Minnette Kretchmar Mrs. Bernice Kranson Mrs. Willard Levy Dr. and Mrs. Harry Rosenbaum Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Lopata Dr. and Mrs. I. Jerome Flance Clarence Mange Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Eleanor McClure Dr. and Mrs. Graydon L. Ballard Jr. Mrs. Julie Morris Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. George Mrs. Paul F. Ring Dr. and Mrs. Leigh Gerdine Rosenbaum Mr. and Mrs. John K. Riedy Hatti Rubin Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Mrs. William H. Schield Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Arenberg Dr. and Mrs. Harold M. Cutler Dr. and Mrs. Max Deutch Mr. and Mrs. Leo Drey Dr. and Mrs. Norman W. Drey Mr. and Mrs. Norman Drey Jr. Mrs. Harry Esserman Mrs. Fred Frank Mrs. Ina B. Freund Mrs. Rose L. Heifetz Mrs. Peggy R. Hellman Mrs. Leonard M. Landsbaum Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Lears Mr. and Mrs. Edwin B. Meissner Jr. Mrs. Hubert C. Moog Mr. and Mrs. Jesse S. Myer III Mrs. Carl Otto Mr. and Mrs. Richard Prager Mr. and Mrs. Louis R. Putzel Mr. and Mrs. Paul Fusz Ring Dr. and Mrs. Harry Rosenbaum Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mrs. Marjorie S. Salz Mrs. Helen G. Shifrin Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Tucker Mr. and Mrs. Helman C. Wasserman Mrs. Helen G. Wolff Mr. and Mrs. Tom Wolff Miss Melissa G. Stern Mr. and Mrs. Andrew R. Zinsmeyer Mr. and Mrs. Luther Taylor Ms. Linda Dennis Mrs. Myrtle Weinrobe Mrs. Sally Kushins Mrs. Blanton Whitmire Town & Country Garden Club Mrs. Denver Wright Miss Rosemary Woodworth Mr. Irwin Yare Miss Gerry Barnholtz Miss Marian Barnholtz In Memory Of: Mr. Richard Alt Mr. and Mrs. Wayne J. Bennetsen Mrs. Kathrine Amann Mr. and Mrs. Norman O. McCracken Mrs. Estelle S. Anderson Ms. Eugenia Faenger Mr. Harold V. Auchly Mr. and Mrs. Ken Hubert and Daughter Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Rich Mrs. Harold Baer Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Mr. Sol Bankendorf Dr. and Mrs. Robert W. Murray Mr. Charles Alan Bennett Ms. Loretta G. Kovar Dr. Edward J. Berger Miss Gena E. Fish Mr. Tom Nail Dr. and Mrs. Jack Tippett Dr. Vilray P. Blair Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Auguste Chouteau Mrs. Townsend Foster Mrs. George W. Skinner Mrs. Marilyn Bohley Mr. and Mrs. Walter Hosea Alois T. Bolfing Mrs. Gloria Luitjens Mr. Ben Borus Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Pat Bowles Mr. and Mrs. John W. Albers Mr. Joseph Bradburn Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Rich Mrs. Angie Brindley Mr. and Mrs. Donald M. Strathearn I] Mr. George Carlson Lynn Plotkin Anne Wallace Chapin Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Morse Nora Clouss Ms. Betty Brueggeman Mr. and Mrs. Harry T. Bussmann III Ms. Bonnie Starcher Mr. Sidney Cohen Miss Gerry Barnholtz Miss Marian Barnholtz Mr. and Mrs. Tom Wolff continued on next page continued Mr. Jack Conreux Mr. and Mrs. Fred Levis Mr. Lewis Corbin Mr. and Mrs. William E. Remmert Mr. Eugene R. Corey John and Marian Bleeke Mrs. James B. Costen Eugene and Marilyn Bischoff Dr. and Mrs. Marshall B. Conrad Dr. and Mrs. William S. Costen Mrs. Henry P. Duncker Mr. and Mrs. Dick Eberle Mr. and Mrs. J. Barry George Ms. Charlotte Glessmer Ms. Irma Glessmer Dr. and Mrs. Paul O. Hagemann Mr. and Mrs. Oscar P. Hampton III and Michael Merrill and Ruth Graeler Hinzpeter Mrs. Pam Holmes Mr. and Mrs. Hiram S. Liggett Jr. Mrs. Carolyn C. Martin Mr. and Mrs. Carroll F. McMahon Mrs. Roland O’Bryen Dr. and Mrs. Roy W. Osterkamp Mr. and Mrs. Albert M. Rosenberg Mr. and Mrs. Glenn R. Siler The Gatesworth— Residents Association Mrs. Aldine Viehmann Mrs. Doris A. Wright Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wulfing Mrs. James E. Crawford Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mr. and Mrs. Randolph C. Wohltman Mrs. Irene Cummings Mr. and Mrs. Alex Hawksbee Mr. Ned Dare Mr. and Mrs. Bruce E. Bradley Mrs. Elsie Davis Mr. George R. Durnell Laura B. deJong Mr. and Mrs. Robert deJong Marjorie Mauller Janice Walker Mr. and Mrs. Ed Dolnick’s Daughter Dr. and Mrs. Donald Ross Dr. Steven L. Dresler Missouri Botanical Garden— Members’ Board Mrs. Norma M. Silber Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mrs. Martha Endres Mr. and Mrs. Harold Ahner Mr. and Mrs. Glen Alspaugh Baldor Electric Company— Fort Smith, Arkansas Baldor Electric Company— St. Louis Employees Mr. Frederick C. Ballman Mr. and Mrs. George Barnes Jr. Mr. and Mrs. O. A. Baumann Mr. and Mrs. Steven G. Beussink Mr. James E. Bracken Mrs. Phillip Braun Ms. Ruth E. Buerke Mr. Frank M. Bush Dr. and Mrs. Marshall B. Conrad Mr. and Mrs. Norman W. Cordes Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Cramer Catherine Dooley Mr. and Mrs. E. Peter Elsaesser Richard L. Filbrun Family Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Heck Mr. and Mrs. Robert Howell Mr. and Mrs. Harvey D. Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Terrell H. Johnson Mr. and Mrs. Leonard J. Karpowicz John J. Kelly Family Mr. and Mrs. John V. Kelly Kiser & Associates William C. Kiser Family Nancy S. Lumpkin Lucille Maassen and Family Mrs. Virginia J. Mackey Mr. and Mrs. Bernie Markus and Holly Mr. and Mrs. James R. Marr Peper, Martin, Jensen, Maichel and Hetlage Mrs. Charles S. Powell Mr. and Mrs. T. C. Rambach Mrs. Walter A. Rambach Mr. and Mrs. William R. Richard Mr. and Mrs. Richard A. Roloff James and Linda Schiele Mr. and Mrs. John Schleiffarth Mr. George A. Schock Mr. and Mrs. Ralph E. Schulenburg Mr. and Mrs. Norman Schute Mr. and Mrs. Howard W. Schwartz Mr. and Mrs. James H. Senger Mr. and Mrs. Ludlow Shonnard Jr. Ludlow Shonnard III Family Mr. and Mrs. H. P. Swederska Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Taake Mr. and Mrs. Gary E. Tate Susan Terrell-Torres and Family Mr. and Mrs. Mercer L. Treanor Mr. and Mrs. Vincent H. Wahlig Mr. and Mrs. J. Leonard Walther Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. White Mr. and Mrs. Alfred E. Winholt Mr. Elleard Entzeroth Mr. and Mrs. Merlin Lickhalter Mr. Fink Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence P. Badler Mrs. Patricia Firman Mr. and Mrs. Warren Glickert Miss Kathleen Fletcher Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Power Mr. Frank Fowle Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky Missouri Botanical Garden— Members’ Board Mr. and Mrs. Chuck Schagrin Mrs. Alma C. Frank Mr. and Mrs. Henry Belz III Mr. and Mrs. William T. Dooley Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John O. Felker Mrs. Eva H. Harper Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Key Mr. and Mrs. William F. Reck Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mrs. George W. Skinner Mr. Eugene Frenzel Mrs. Ruth Schwartz Ida and Sam Friedman Dorismae and Harvey Friedman Mr. Clarence Fritz Ms. Rebecca L. Barnard Mrs. Charles F. Galt Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Pettus Jr. Mr. Edward F. Gereke Mrs. George W. Skinner Mr. Goswin H. Gern Jim and Nora Law Mr. Jerry Gers Mrs. Pauline T. Gers Ellen Goldstein Sally Kushins Mrs. Ethel Graves Viola Nadler Ruth and Sam Hacker Dorismae and Harvey Friedman Mrs. Florence Hagen Mr. and Mrs. Warren Glickert Louis Busch Hager Mr. Robert N. Hagnauer Mr. Alfred B. Hallowell Mr. and Mrs. J. John Brouk Mrs. Townsend Foster Mrs. Victoria C. Simmons Mrs. Viola Henderson Ms. Linda L. Lewis Mr. E. B. McDonald Mr. George J. Herbst Jr. Mr. and Mrs. J. John Brouk Dr. and Mrs. George Mendelsohn Mrs. Bernice Hougland Mr. Kurt A. Hougland Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey McGuire Florence Humphrey Margaret Yanevich Mrs. Ethyl Jesdale Mrs. Ruth E. Scott Mr. A. Clifford Jones Jr. Mr. and Mrs. J. Allen Brinkmeyer Mrs. Ellen R. Conant Mr. and Mrs. John R. Roberts Mr. Samuel Katz Mr. and Mrs. Ira Dubinsky Mrs. Clara M. Kern Mr. and Mrs. William P. Haviluk Jr. Mrs. Jeanne Kerwin’s Brother Miss Gerry Barnholtz Miss Marian Barnholtz Miss Clara Knittel Mr. and Mrs. Clayton A. Pratt Mrs. Hanano Kodera Mr. and Mrs. David A. Wright Mr. August Koenig Dr. and Mrs. Edward J. Miller Mr. John Krabill Mr. and Mrs. John B. Henkle Miss Erna Krenning Beaumont High School Teachers Laura Ann Kromer Dr. William G. Albrecht and Staff Mr. and Mrs. James E. Hanick Henrietta H. Lammert Mrs. William Bixby Jr. Mrs. James S. McDonnell Jr. Mr. Paul Langenbach Ms. Donna A. Branson Mr. Willard Levy Mr. and Mrs. William R. Hostetler Mr. Claxton I. Long Mr. and Mrs. Hugh McPheeters EL AAA SSE SC A AAAI RINE HIN IN: Mrs. Marie G. Ludwig Justine Maier Patricia McKissack Ms. Mary D. Voelker Mr. Marion Mackey Mr. and Mrs. John O. Felker Minna Peterson Marshall Mr. and Mrs. John F. Doyle Ms. Frances B. Floerke Mr. and Mrs. John Halloran Mrs. Elizabeth Hedges Raymond Matuzzi Mrs. Irene G. Mayes Mr. Lansden McCandless Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mr. Hugh McPheeters Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Whitelaw T. Terry Jr. Hon. James H. Meredith Mr. Robert N. Hagnauer Mrs. Esther Meyer Mrs. Charise L. Rott and Family Mrs. Milton Mild Mrs. William H. Leyhe Jr. Mr. William Moehlenbrock Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Elsperman Mr. Hubert Moog Ms. Lynn Plotkin Mrs. John Morfit Mrs. Newell A. Augur Judge and Mrs. Roy W. Harper Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mrs. E. C. Mulhern-London Mrs. Marie P. Cook Miss Nellie Mullarkey Mr. and Mrs. William R. Orthwein Jr. Mr. Martin Mutterperl Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Maxine Neill Ms. Lynn Plotkin Mrs. Dale Neiswander Mrs. Ralph W. Morrison Mrs. Chapin Newhard Mr. and Mrs. M. M. Alexander Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Clarence C. Barksdale Miss Mary E. Bascom Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Bender Mrs. Dorothy M. Bergland Ann and Lilli Biraben Mrs. William A. Borders Mr. and Mrs. Ingram F. Boyd Jr. Mrs. Louise Kennard Boyd Maggie Bradbury Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Cave Centerre Bank N.A. Mr. and Mrs. Anthony J. Chivetta Mr. and Mrs. Auguste Chouteau Mr. Charles E. Claggett Miss Joanna M. Clavenna Mr. and Mrs. F. Crunden Cole Mr. and Mrs. George K. Conant Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John P. Cummings Mr. and Mrs. Donald Danforth Jr. Deloitte Haskins & Sells Mrs. Dumont G. Dempsey Mr. and Mrs. William L. Desloge Mrs. Melville Dunkelman Mr. and Mrs. Ernest A. Eddy Jr. FitzGerald & FitzGerald, P.C. Mrs. Samuel F. Gordon Mr «4 Mr. and Mrs. Richard S. Hawes III Mr. and Mrs. George L. Hensley Mr. and Mrs. Frederick A. Hermann Jr. Mrs. Richard D. Hughes Interco Inc.—Officers and Directors Mr. and Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Jr. Mrs. James Lee Johnson Mrs. James L. Johnson Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Harold T. Jolley Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Kennard III Dr. E. Lawrence Keyes Mr. and Mrs. E. Lawrence Keyes Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Gerhardt Kramer Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mr. and Mrs. Clinton W. Lane Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mrs. Carl E. Lischer Mr. and Mrs. AIS. Loeb Mr. and Mrs. Russell E. Lortz Mrs. William M. Love Mrs. Frank Mayfield Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William B. McMillan Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Hugh McPheeters Mr. and Mrs. Jefferson L. Miller Mrs. Eleanor J. Moore Newhard, Cook & Co., Inc. T. J. O'Hara Miss Marye B. Otto Mr. and Mrs. William J. Phelan Jacque Phillips Ms. Virginia W. Priesmeyer Mr. and Mrs. Michael E. Pulitzer Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Remington Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mrs. John M. Shoenberg Mr. and Mrs. Emory Slater and Family Mr. and Mrs. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. and Mrs. Rolla W. Streett Mrs. Whitelaw T. Terry Mr. and Mrs. Edmonstone F. Thompson Mrs. Barbara B. Tierney Mrs. John C. Tobin Jr. Mrs. Daniel Upthegrove Mr. and Mrs. John K. Wallace Jr. Mrs. Mahlon B. Wallace Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edward D. Weakley Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher Jr. Mr. Chapin Newhard Jr. Mrs. William A. Borders Mr. and Mrs. George K. Conant Jr. Mrs. Melville Dunkelman Mr. and Mrs. Norman W. Halls Mr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Kennard III Mrs. William M. Love Mr. and Mrs. Hugh McPheeters Mrs. John C. Tobin Jr. Mrs. L. O’Barr Mr. Joseph Gelber Mrs. Jane Lending Mr. T. Kenneth O’Connor Mr. Donald H. Bergmann Mrs. Thomas O’ Leary Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Freeman Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mr. and Mrs. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Socrates Orphan Miss Elizabeth Goltermann Mrs. Clara Peake Mr. and Mrs. Dean Garner Mr. and Mrs. John Peters MacCarthy Mr. Tony Peterson Mr. Charles Orner Mr. Kenneth R. Pickard Ms. Janet K. Powell Mr. Alwin J. Ploudre Mr. and Mrs. Gary S. Steffens Mr. and Mrs. Oscar C. Steffens Robert Purk’s Mother Mr. and Mrs. Ronald A. Knopfel Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Robb Mrs. Jean-Jacques Carnal Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Limberg Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Thompson Jr. Mrs. Della Roberson Mr. and Mrs. Henry Ordower Mrs. Mary Alice Rodriquez Ms. Janelle Evans Mary Watson Roos Mr. and Mrs. William R. Hostetler Mr. and Mrs. Boyd Rogers Mrs. Irene Ross Mr. and Mrs. Clayton A. Pratt Mrs. Arnold Roth Mr. and Mrs. Donald W. Barnard Mrs. Peggy Beard Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Brady Miss Willetta Comer Mrs. Wesley H. Green Mr. and Mrs. Chester P. Hoevel Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd E. Kuhnmuench Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Phillips Mr. and Mrs. Floyd W. Wright Dr. Joseph Roy Mrs. Joseph A. Richardson Mrs. Marion E. Sanford Mr. and Mrs. Leonard R. Kantor Lillian Sarner Ms. Lynn Plotkin Mr. Joseph Schainker Mr. and Mrs. Larry S. Craven Mrs. Henry Schemmer Mr. and Mrs. John J. Reed Mr. Vernon Schenkel Mr. and Mrs. Peter E. Sargent Miss Bernice Schmidt Mr. and Mrs. Walter F. Helfrich Mrs. Regina Schmuckler Mr. and Mrs. Richard Halpern Mrs. Verna E. Key Mr. and Mrs. Donald P. Nies Peggy Schrage’s Father Mr. and Mrs. I. H. Breslauer Mrs. Ruth Seckel Mrs. William J. Beezley Mr. Julius Seiler Mrs. Harry L. Knopf Mrs. Bunny Shelton Joanna Collins Mr. and Mrs. William R. Hostetler Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg Jr. Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Letts Ms. Lynn Plotkin Mr. Harold M. Stuhl Mr. Frank Siedhoff Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Buettner Mr. Charles M. Skinner II Mrs. George W. Skinner Mr. George W. Skinner Mr. and Mrs. Hugh McPheeters Dr. Samuel D. Soule Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Mrs. Mary Lawrence Eaton Spivy Mrs. Leicester B. Faust Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher Jr. Mr. Herman Stern Ms. Lynn Plotkin Dr. Julian A. Steyermark Mr. Arthur Christ MWSC Biology Club MWSC Tri-Beta Chapter Mrs. Robert P. Stupp Mr. and Mrs. John J. Shillington Jr. Mrs. Lillie Swagerty Mr. and Mrs. Howard G. Dissly Sen. Stuart Symington Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mrs. Sadano Taketa Mr. and Mrs. M. Kuraoka Mr. and Mrs. Harry Nabeshima Mr. and Mrs. Y. Nishimura Mrs. Estelle Talbot Mr. and Mrs. Bo Axelrod Norman W. Cordes Family Ginny Epstein Jay Epstein Mr. and Mrs. Albert Kuhn Mrs. H. M. Thill Alma Winkler Philip H. Theopold Mrs. James S. McDonnell Jr. Mrs. Raoul Pantaleoni Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas P. Veeder Father, Father-in-Law of Dr. and Mrs. Ron Triplett Jack Ansehl and Family Mrs. Thomas P. Tyler Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Gildehaus Mr. Ronald Dale Umfleet Mr. Jerry Eastman Dr. Philip Vierheller Mr. and Mrs. Elmer G. Kiefer Mrs. Wilhemina Voss Bernice Kranson Mandlman Family Mr. Thomas Wagner Mrs. Richard S. Bull Mrs. R. W. Chubb Mrs. Terry E. Schnuck Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Carol Washburn’s Mother Miss Justine Maier Mrs. Weiner Mr. and Mrs. Richard Laitman Ermina Weisbrod Mr. and Mrs. Clyde E. Weisbrod Mr. and Mrs. Clyde R. Weisbrod Mr. and Mrs. Mark A. Weisbrod Miss Lorraine Wilker Miss Arlie Wolter Mabel Phillips Williams Mr. and Mrs. William T. Dooley Jr. Mr. William L. Wilson Mrs. Edward Fredrickson Rob Wolf Joanne T. Stefacek Mr. Fred Worstell Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Rutledge Mr. Jay Zimmerman Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Mr. Ted Zimmerman Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Board of Trustees Mr. Robert E. Kresko President Dr. Marguerite Ross Barnett Rev. Lawrence Biondi, S.J. Mr. Gerald D. Blatherwick Mr. Stephen F. Brauer Mr. William H. T. Bush Mr. Jules D. Campbell Dr. William H. Danforth Mr. Samuel B. Hayes Mr. Robert R. Hermann Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr. Mr. David W. Kemper Mr. Charles F. Knight Mr. William E. Maritz Mr. James S. McDonnell II The Hon. Gene McNary Mr. Lucius B. Morse III Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mr. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Dr. Howard A. Schneiderman The Hon. Vincent C. Schoemehl, Jr. Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. Andrew C. Taylor Dr. Joyce M. Thomas Mr. John K. Wallace, Jr. Mr. O. Sage Wightman III EMERITUS TRUSTEES Mr. Howard F. Baer Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. John H. Biggs Mr. Sam'1 C. Davis Dr. Thomas S. Hall Mr. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann Mr. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Louis S. Sachs Mr. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Harriet Spoehrer Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. MEMBERS’ BOARD Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky President Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp First vice president Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Second vice president Mrs. Robert J. Senkosky Secretary Mr. Frederick H. Atwood III] Treasurer DIRECTOR Dr. Peter H. Raven a DIF) y GS KIN : } SN aff, i) hy if! hil u te We ‘ ~~ “Vy - f Wane . ~~ ,! , N ‘ ev ') hyy Bea aaah \te \i\\ f f A WA - ty Gli if GRAND OPENING EXPANDED GARDEN GATE SHOP In May the Garden Gate Shop will The Garden has long been known open its new, expanded facilities. An as the finest source of gardening area adjoining the existing Shop has books in the Midwest, and the new been completely remodeled to show- __ space will display an even larger col- case the Shop’s expanded book sec- lection, including books for children, tion, with 1,000 square feet of floor titles on conservation and ecology, space. educational videos, prints and posters. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) SECOND CLASS POSTAGE P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO CEVTEMMIAL Board of Trustees ECR SS BS Aa Missouri Botanical Garden Missourl Botanical Garden VY JULY / AUGUST 1989 VOLUME LXXVII Peay, > ue : PO OO es UN ae ne bak Matis ear is VTA: | oe aa aa ery ee os eo NUMBER FOUR ey ite, 9, “ed SURES oo Wa eS | aR a leat ite +ith nside This Issue Charles W. Orner A memorial to the Garden’s late Controller. School Partnership Program The Education Division reaches out to the community. History of the Board of Trustees Part Three: 1970-1989. The transition to a world class institution. Home Gardening Daylilies are a delight for every garden. Plants at the Garden News from the Center for Plant Conser- vation, and a profile of its director, George Rogers. Calendar of Events Henry Shaw’s Birthday, the Japanese Festival, and special events just for kids. From the Membership Office mag = Bobby Short plays a return engagement at the Centennial Gala. 16 Ask the Answer Service mam [t's mid-summer and everything is blooming. Or is it? 19 Sansevieria Collection mmm Received The world’s finest sansevieria collection is donated to the Garden. Tributes 21 On the cover: “Birds In Flight,” by Robert Lee Walker, offers refreshment to body and spirit. — Photo by Richard Benkof © 1989 Missouri Botanical Garden. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published bi-monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, MO. Subscription price $12.00 per year. $15.00 foreign. The BULLETIN is sent to every Member of the Garden as one of the benefits of membership. For a contribution of as little as $40 per year, Members also are entitled to: free admission to the Garden, Shaw Arboretum, and Tower Grove House; invitations to special events and receptions; announcements of all lectures and classes; discounts in the Garden Gate Shop and for course fees; and the opportunity to travel, domestic and abroad, with other Members. For information, please call (314) 577-5100. Postmaster: send address changes to Susan Wooleyhan, editor, BULLETIN, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, a ee A Summer of Celebration Traditionally each July the Garden celebrates Henry Shaw’s Birthday, and during this centen- nial year the party takes on great sig- nificance. Members will be invited to picnic on the grounds and to celebrate the success of the Garden over the past 100 years. The Fannie May Candies Foundation, in close partnership with the Garden for the fourth year, will be sponsoring the Fif- teenth Annual Japanese Festival opening on August 26. With their fine support and cooperation, the Garden has graced the metropolitan area with magnificent dis- plays of Japanese cultural activities, and this year’s plans hold great promise. It is time, again, to celebrate our membership growth. This spring, Garden memberships exceeded 24,000. Such good news during the centennial year sug- gests a celebration, and that is exactly what our Trustees and Members’ Board are planning. On September 9, under the capable direction of Garden Trustees Nora Stern and Andrew Taylor, the Gar- den will host its second major benefit dur- ing the last six years with New York’s celebrity pianist Bobby Short. Every Member will receive a personal invitation soon. (See Page 14). Members are and always have been the lifeblood of this organization. Support today is unprecedented and visitors con- tinue to join. Within the next year the Garden, along with other cultural institu- tions, will be approaching the voters for a property tax increase. I am asking now for your assistance and guidance regarding this effort. In 1983, when the Garden first joined the Zoo-Museum District, our Members were there to provide the volunteer assistance so critical to any suc- cessful campaign. On behalf of the Gar- den’s Board of Trustees and its staff, I want to thank the Members personally for their dedicated and continued backing of the Garden. It is because of our phenom- enal membership that this institution has become one of the finest in the world. The future support of our Members will allow us to move through the 1990s with improved environmental education, research, and horticulture programs. Thank you. a ee | VOLUNTEERS HONORED: At a luncheon on May 2, 1989, the Garden honored a group of volunteers for their long and outstanding service. Standing, left to right: Bill Phillips, 10 years; John Brown, 20 years; Joyce Driemeyer, 20 years; Marion Dorffi, 10 years; Peter H. Raven, director; Nancy Thompson, 10 years; Josephine Goelzhauser, 20 years; Ray Pienaar, 10 years. Seated, left to right: Jeanne McGilligan, volunteer coordinator; Jean Wrisley, 20 years; Virginia Appel, 20 years; Albert Edmondson, 10 years; Vernetta Skiles, 10 years. OWIZNENE §=Campaign Tops $15 Million’ jor We Gta — UPDATE: As of June 1, 1989 the Garden’s $16 million capital he 4 campaign has raised $15,005,511 in gifts and pledges. e - € N the evening of May 31, close friends of the Garden gathered to celebrate the completion of the second year of community fund raising for the capital campaign. In brief remarks during the event, Campaign Chairman Robert E. Kresko announced more than $14.9 million raised thanks to donors’ and volunteers’ generous contributions of money and time. The next morning, a substantial pledge arrived in the mail to take the campaign past $15 million. “It was the perfect way to top a wonderful party,” noted Kresko. "I’m particularly delighted that this gift came from one of the descendants of Robert S. Brookings, one of St. Louis’ most revered philanthropists. It has been designated as part of a family commitment to name the new Interpretive Center on the Tropics in Brookings’ memory.’ et In remarks at the May 31 celebration, Dr. Peter Raven, the “she Garden's Director, summarized the impetus driving the cam- paign: “It is just one part of our plan for new investments in the Garden’s ability to serve the public. ... As we approach the 21st century we are determined to continue our role as an institution 3A involved with and concerned about our community and our Pea ” ¥ LA | planet. wei ‘ . ae nei ' | (From left): Mrs. Sears Lehmann, Mrs. Landon Jones, Rick Dickinson, Ms. Rosemary Menke, Mrs. John Lehmann, Landon Jones Lf (From left): Jules Campbell, Mrs. Hermann Spoehrer, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tschudy ae Ty UNRENY = © (From left): Mrs. Lucius Morse, Mr. and Mrs. Charle Roland, Mrs. Peter Raven, Mrs. Stephen Brauer, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dubinsky eo» en gl (From left): Robert Kresko, Andrew Love, Peter Raven (From left): Sydney Shoenberg, Mrs. Francis Corley, Marshall Crosby ARY garven UA a emiaiiniiiiiemiiieaii ei ee ee IN MEMORIAM Charles W. Orner 1926-1989 Charles W. Orner, controller and secretary to the Board of Trustees of the Garden, died suddenly at his home on Sunday, April 30, 1989. He was 62. Mr. Orner was born in Jamesville, Wisconsin on August 9, 1926. Raised in St. Louis County, he graduated from Ritenour High School in St. Louis in 1943, and earned his Bachelor of Science- Commerce degree from St. Louis Univer- sity in 1950. He came to the Garden in 1973. He is survived by his brother, James B. Orner, of San Francisco. In tribute to Mr. Orner’s memory, friends, associates, Garden staff and Trustees attended a memorial service held at the Garden on Monday, May 8, 1989. Personal appreciation and remem- brances were shared by Frank Wolff, Attorney for the Garden; Paul Brock- mann, director of maintenance at the Gar- den; Father Donald Dyer, a close friend; and Walter G. Stern, Chairman of the Botanical Garden Subdistrict. Dr. Peter H. Raven gave the eulogy. Walter Stern agreed: “I was always | impressed with Charlie’s thorough and complete knowledge of any area of the Garden that was discussed. His untiring efforts and love of the institution provided an inspiration for all of us to perform above and beyond the call of duty.” Orner’s tireless efforts for others often went unremarked, for he was a self- effacing man. “There were many kind and generous deeds Charlie did for others that were generally unknown, because ' that was the way he preferred it,” said Paul Brockmann. “Underneath the gruff exterior of the boss was a compassionate, concerned man. Charlie had a lifelong love for sports,” Brockmann continued. “He was an out- standing third baseman who was selected for all-metro and all-state teams in high school. He played legion and college base- ball and was invited to tryout for the St. Louis Cardinals.” In later years Orner developed a passionate enthusiasm for golf, and spent many weekends playing a “Charlie’s concern went beyond day-to-day fiscal affairs and encompassed everything and everyone associated with the Gar- den,” Raven said. “He helped guide the Garden through a period of unparalleled growth and development, including capital cam- paigns, tax district support, the building of the Japanese Garden and Ridgway Center. In meeting these challenges we always knew we could rely on Charlie’s invaluable advice and absolute integrity; he could be trusted to tell the truth, good or bad. He round with his friends, Father Dyer recalled. Orner was a mem- ber of the Normandy Country Club. “Charlie Orner didn’t have a green thumb, but he made the Garden grow,” said Frank Wolff. “He was a wonderful teacher, a rock of stability, and his life made a lasting imprint on those of us who knew him. His legacy is one of commitment and dedication and loyalty. He enriched us all, but, most of all, in his quiet way he enriched the Missouri Botanical Garden and helped make it was a great friend, and we will miss him.” the special place we all love.” A REET PETES EeePC 2 NEON OS OR RE RR EIS enema, Tropical Rain Forests Summer Workshop for Teachers The Garden is offering a summer workshop on the nature and value of tropi- cal rain forests, the social and economic factors contributing to their destruction, and the methods for their preservation. The course will be held at the Garden, July 17-28, in ten sessions from 9 a.m. to noon. The course is designed to prepare teachers of grades K-12 to teach about deforestation in their classrooms and will provide them with materials, strategies and resources. Two graduate or under- graduate credit hours in biology or education from the University of Mis- sourl-St. Louis will be awarded upon com- pletion. Instructors will be Garden staff and area specialists. The workshop will correlate with the upcoming Smithsonian Institution Travel- ing Exhibition Service (SITE) exhibit, “Tropical Rain Forest: A Disappearing Treasure,” which will be in St. Louis July 1-September 23, 1990. Indiana State Museum and Chicago Botanic Garden also will host the exhibition, and Chicago and the Garden are collaborating on the planning for this summer’s workshop. The workshop is funded by a grant from the John D. and Katherine T. MacArthur Foundation. The public is invited to attend a series of lectures offered in conjunction with the course. The five lectures on ‘Tropical Rain Forest Deforestation” are described in detail in the summer courses brochure mailed to all Members. The lectures may be attended individually or as a series. For more information call 577-5148. 4, inane EDUCATION DIVISION NEWS School Partnership Program REACHING OUT TO THE COMMUNITY Under a contract with the St. Louis Public Schools’ School Partnership Pro- gram, the Garden brings together stu- dents from city and county schools in a variety of programs combining study at the Garden with field trips and outdoor activities. Two of the programs, “Global Issues: World Hunger” and “Youth Urban Gardening Project’ served more than 1,000 students this spring. Miguela Fry is the Garden’s coordinator for the program. Global Issues: World Hunger Rarely do students have the opportu- nity to visit a research institution to learn about soil erosion and world hunger, then visit a farm to do soil testing, see a bull up close, and learn about the benefits and aroma of fresh cow manure. Two hundred students from seven high schools shared these experiences through the School Partnership Global Issues World Hunger program this spring. After a class session at the Garden, the students visited Jack and Betty Broemmelsiek’s 550-acre Spring Lake Farm in Defiance, Missouri. The Broem- melsieks have been giving students tours of their farm for the last 40 years. Betty compares agriculture in the Nile and Mis- sissippi River valleys, explaining that “in Ethiopia and Egypt grain is so precious, it’s sold by the handful.” She traces the poverty and hunger in those countries to the depletion of their soil, and warns stu- dents about the need for soil conservation. At the Broemmelsiek farm students participated in activities assisted by rep- resentatives of the St. Charles Soil and Water Conservation District. For stu- dents who live in the city, it was an oppor- tunity to see life on a working farm and understand the importance of soil to world food production. Students were urged to become involved with the issues of hunger and food supply. Youth Urban Gardening Project The 800 students from twelve schools who took part in Youth Urban Gardening hope to reap the fruits of their labors this season when they harvest crops from their school gardens. The program began with workshops to train teachers in gardening basics; then the teachers brought their students to the Garden for a lesson on seeds. The balance of the educational program was carried out by Master Gardeners from the Garden and the University Extension, who visited school classrooms and garden plots. This program has a very small budget and would not be possible without the support of many community organizations and volunteers. The Gateway to Garden- ing Association (GTGA), a coalition of public and private organizations involved in land use, neighborhood improvement, and education, assisted with planning and designing the gardens, offered resources and funds, and coordinated the various support agencies. GTGA representa- tives Pat Ferrell, Cathy Johnson, Maxine Schuler, Kitty Hoblitzelle, Sue Reed, Marit Clark and others made sure that this program was successful. The School Partnership Program honored GTGA for its outstanding support this year. Master Gardeners from the Garden and University Extension served many hours this year visiting schools. This volunteer spirit is best exemplified in Maxine Schuler, a Master Gardener and GTGA board member who worked tire- lessly to coordinate the Urban Gardening project. Master Gardeners Albert Hir- son, Lonnie Cunningham, Keith Heer- lein, Suze Stark, Helene Holwerda, Frank Enger, Kitty Hoblitzelle, Marcia Car- At the Brommelsiek farm, Patricia Teroy of the Garden’s education staff (right) assists penter, Joan Merz, Patrick Brown, Sonia Chetta, Al Hoehn and Hazel Cox, and University Extension education assistants Eula Jones and Annette Slaughter, worked with teachers and students tilling, plant- ing, and maintaining the school gardens. The hard work paid off at the Laclede Elementary School “Cabbage Patch” gar- den, when the National Gardening Asso- ciation awarded the third and fourth grade students with the Green Metal Award in 1989. At the “Cabbage Patch” students learn mathematics, conservation, environ- mental issues and cooperative behavior. A very special thank you is offered to the many individuals who have given so much to help urban children learn about and grow successful gardens. —Sarah Coppersmith, Education Consultant Enviromental Science Course Trains Teachers The Garden’s education division is offering a course titled ‘‘ Ecology for Teachers: Finding a Niche”, for teachers of grades 4 through 8. The course will consist of seven inten- sive sessions from October, 1988 through June, 1990, plus an interim project. Thirty teachers will be selected to participate, and will receive stipends plus expenses. The program is sponsored by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Par- ticipants will earn four graduate credits in education. The course will be taught by Garden staff and area educators. For further infor- mation and a course application, call Karla Goodman, the Garden’s environmental education coordinator, at 577-5134. (= os = “a —_—__ - Karen Grimes, of the County Soil and Water Conservation District, in testing a sample of lake water, while students observe. Photo by L. T. Spence, St. Louis Post-Dispatch BY Joseph M. Schuster CEVTEMMAL Board of Trustees ) oe Missouri Botanical Garden (Above): Formal dedication ceremony for the Japanese Garden, Seiwa-En, May 5, 1977. 16, 1981. (Left to right): Director Peter H. Raven, “Henry Shaw,” and board president C. C. Johnson Spink officially open the Ridgway Center at 2:00 p.m., July 8, 1982. a IN DECEMBER 1970, three people dug up a spadeful of earth near the south end of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Many spades had been turned in that ground since Henry Shaw opened the Garden to the public 111 years earlier, but this would turn out to be one of the most significant develop- ments of all. The three people were Garden director David M. Gates, board president C. Powell Whitehead, and Anne L. Leh- mann, widow of former board president John S. Lehmann. Henry Shaw had opened his Garden in 1859 and, in 1889, left it to a Board of Trustees to maintain forever as a public garden. In the subsequent years, 53 dedicated men had guided the Garden through two world wars and the Depres- sion to arrive at this point, December 2, 1970. What the woman and two men were doing was breaking ground for a new building, only the second major develop- ment at the Garden in more than half a century. (The other was the Climatron, built 10 years earlier.) This building would be a center for the Garden's education and research programs and would be named the John S. Lehmann Build- ing in honor of Mrs. Lehmann’s late husband. The construc- tion of the building would turn out to be significant for a number of reasons. First, it came following the successful completion of a massive $3 million capital fund drive, the first such drive in Garden history. The Trustees had sought public contribu- tions earlier in the Garden's history and had raised thou- (Above right): During their monthly meeting, Trustees tour the Ridgway Center construction site, September De oy ft ——— SHS RS ik PART THREE/1970-1989 A VISION FULFILLED sands of dollars, most notably for the opening of the Arboretum in 1939, for the restoration of Tower Grove House in the early 1950s, and for the construction of the Climatron at the end of that decade. (Half of that sum had come from the Trustees themselves.) But never before had people responded in such a resounding manner as they had in supporting the capital fund drive. More than 1,400 individ- uals and corporations contributed more than $3 million; the National Science Foundation added another $600,000. Second, the construction of the Lehmann Building was significant because it would come to stand as a benchmark in the Garden’s history. Before 1970, the Trustees had managed to bring the Garden’s finances into line, operating the last few years of the 1960s with a balanced budget. The education and research programs had grown sufficiently that a new building to house them had become a necessity. But the Garden after 1970 was to be a world class institu- tion. Within the next two decades, its face would change more than it had in the previous century. Several factors contributed to the enormous growth. In 1971, even before the Lehmann Building was completed, Gates resigned as director. As his successor, the Trustees chose a 34-year-old botanist from California named Peter H. Raven. Despite his youth, Raven came highly recom- mended. Henry Hitchcock recalled later that one of Raven's professors said that Raven had done more scientific work in the first few years after receiving his Ph.D. than most 6. ies botanists did in a lifetime. Whitehead told the press, after Raven's appointment, that the new director was “a brilliant young botanist who is well-known for his contribution to sci- entific scholarship and research.” The Trustees were looking for a director with ideas, someone who could understand where they wanted the Garden to go, and who could take it there. And Raven had ideas. Within the first two years he held the post, Raven and the Trustees developed a sweeping Master Plan for the Garden, an ambitious plan that called for new outdoor dis- plays and a new multipurpose facility. The first decade of the Plan would be carried out under the leadership of four dedi- cated board presidents—Whitehead, who served until 1973; Joseph H. Bascom (1973-75), Tom K. Smith, Jr. (1975-81) and C.C. Johnson Spink (1981-84). Under the Plan, the Eng- lish Woodland Garden was finished in 1976 in commemora- tion of the American Bicentennial. The next year the rose garden named for Anne L. Lehmann was dedicated and the 14-acre Japanese Garden, Seiwa-En, was opened. The Jap- anese ambassador to the United States would later call it the finest outside his native Japan. In August of 1977, the Trustees launched a capital fund drive to raise money for what would become the Ridgway Center, a facility that would unify many of the Garden's pub- lic programs and services. It would be a visitors’ center, and would house the education program and a floral display hall. In the midst of the heady success, however, misfortune struck. In November of 1977, a grease fire started in the kitchen of the 63-year-old Floral Display House during the annual chrysanthemum show. The building was ruined and more than $35,000 worth of plants were destroyed. For the first time, the show had to close early. But the fire was one of only a very few setbacks. The Trustees continued their work to help the Garden develop. In 1981, for example, they received permission from the St. Louis Circuit Court to restructure the board. The developments of the last ten years were taking the Garden into the future; the board decided it needed to do the same for itself. As then-president C.C. Johnson Spink said, “Things have changed dramatically since the Garden was a half-day’s ride (from the city) on horse-back. The world of Henry Shaw is not the world of. . . 1981.” The Trustees expanded the board, adding ten new members. They also added a new ex officio Trustee, the president of St. Louis University, who would join the five ex officio Trustees appointed by Shaw’s will. The board also received permission to make changes in the manner in which it managed the Garden, allowing the Trustees to use accepted contemporary business practices. The following year, 1982, the Trustees closed out a suc- cessful capital fund drive with the opening of the Ridgway Center and several adjacent outdoor gardens. With that accomplished, the Trustees turned their attention to acquiring a broad and substantial source of fund- ing; they looked toward the Zoo-Museum District. There was no question that the Garden needed the money. Shaw’s endowment had long ago ceased to be any- where near sufficient to support the Garden. While contri- butions had increased, and the number of Garden members was continuing to grow, it was still not enough, especially now that the Garden was serving more St. Louisans than ever before in its history. Without some form of permanent support like that which would come from the tax district, the Trustees anticipated that, within five years, the Garden would be in the red by $6 million. Official support for the Garden’s proposal to enter the district was solid. The mayor of St. Louis and the St. Louis County Executive campaigned for it, and the Post-Dispatch editorialized for it, asking readers, ‘How does one quantify for taxpayers...the appreciation of the environment that a visitor to (the) Garden comes away with?” And voters responded; on April 3, 1983, the Garden won its campaign. With a base of support in hand, the Trus- tees set out to give to the people of St. Louis all the services the voters had so generously funded. Under a new board president, John H. Biggs, the Gar- den’s programs expanded rapidly. In education alone, the numbers are staggering. In 1980, 39,000 students went through Garden classes; last year, the Garden served more than 106,000 students. In addition, the number of Garden members has doubled, growing from 12,000 early in the decade to 24,000 in the spring of 1989. The Garden has dramatically increased its number of displays, lectures and other special events. There are now monthly Members’ Days and even a junior members’ organi- zation, the MoBot Club. Visitors to the Garden increased from 330,000 people in 1980, to nearly 715,000 last year. Admission is now free on Wednesday and Saturday mornings, and at all times for children under 12. In 1988, nearly 45 percent of all visitors to the Garden (including Members) attended free of charge. The scientific programs also continued to prosper. Seventy-five years ago, the Trustees had parted company with director William Trelease, because they felt he could not balance the scientific and horticultural functions of the Garden. But with Raven, they seemed to have someone who could. At the same time the Garden was regaining glory for its displays, it was expanding its botanical research. In 1971, there were three staff members with Ph.D.s: today, there are more than 40. While the herbarium stood at 2.4 million specimens in 1971, today it contains more than 3.5 million, a phenomenal leap, considering that it took nearly 40 years (1932 to 1970) to grow from 1 million to 2 million. These accomplishments stand as a tribute to the dili- gence and dedication of the men and women who have served as Trustees over the last 20 years, and to those who came before them. When Henry Shaw left his Garden to the people of St. Louis, the St. Louis Republic remarked that Shaw had erected a monument to himself, ‘not in brass or marble... but in the hearts of a grateful people.” In much the same way, the Garden today stands as a monument to the Trustees who followed Shaw, accepted his legacy, maintained it, and helped it to grow beyond what even Shaw might have dreamed or hoped. Now on the threshold of a new decade, with a new board president— Robert E. Kresko, who succeeded Biggs this year—the Garden is a premier botanical institution, poised for the future. As Henry Hitchcock once said, “I just regret ...Shaw couldn’t pop down here and look it over.” Joseph M. Schuster is a freelance writer and lives in St. Louis. He ts a former editor of the Bulletin. i. RESEARCH DIVISION NEWS Debt Converted to Funds for Conservation in Ecuador In the largest debt-for-nature transac- tion to date, the Garden will gain funding for botanical research in Ecuador. The swap, a collaboration between the Mis- sour! Botanical Garden, the World Wildlife Fund and The Nature Conservancy, will deliver $9 million to Ecuador’s conserva- tion community, the largest sum ever generated from such a transaction. In addition to the size of the deal, this transaction is unique because it features a one-to-one conversion of debt to conser- vation funds, and it includes for the first time a scientific research organization, the Missouri Botanical Garden. The debt-swap-for-nature is a rela- tively new concept, first implemented in 1987. In this instance, Ecuador owes $9 million to three financial institutions, American Express Bank, Morgan Guar- anty Trust Company, and Bankers’ Trust. The three conservation organizations put up a total of $1,068,750 to purchase that $9 million debt. The Garden’s share of the package is $50,000 to purchase $400,000 of debt. The $9 million will be converted to local Ecuadorian currency bonds that bear interest for a period of eight years. That interest then will be returned to the conservation groups, and they will rein- vest the interest in Ecuador through con- servation and scientific programs. “It is a win-win situation for every- one,’ according to Enrique Forero, direc- tor of research for the Garden. “The banks recover more than $1 million of their bad debt. The Ecuadorians benefit by having their payments reduced for a period of eight years, and then the debt is gone. Additionally, Ecuador benefits by having the funds reinvested positively in their country. The Garden will have inter- est income to support its research in Ecuador.” Forero said, “The Garden anticipates Congress of Botanic Gardens Fan: { Bo ge “ss ¥ , Wee a A . YA Wy ae ae ’ i: | 6 A Awd “ ~ ~~. (Left to right): Porter P. Lowry II, coordinator of the Garden’s Madagascar program; Voara Randrianasolo, Head of Natural History, Parc de Tsimbazaza, Madagascar; Enrique Forero; George Schatz, the Garden’s resident botanist in Madagascar; and Jacky Andriantiana, horticulturist, Parc de Tsimbazaza. The Second International Botanic Gardens Conservation Congress, organ- ized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), was held April 24-28, 1989 on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Nearly 200 scientists represent- ing 25 countries attended. The Garden, with the largest delegation from the United States, was represented by ip ~“ ¥ Fe = — Enrique Forero, director of research, and by Porter P. Lowry II and George E. Schatz, scientists in charge of the Gar- den’s program in Madagascar. Considerable progress has been achieved since the first Congress of Botanic Gardens and Conservation was held in the Canary Islands in 1985. Delegates were able to present results of programs undertaken in response to the its investment of $50,000 will yield $64,000 in interest in about six months time.” Ecuador, about the size of Colorado, has a concentration of biological diversity unequalled in the world. There is an esti- mated 20-25,000 plant species, as com- pared with 17,000 in all of North America. The tropical rain forests and other habitats in Ecuador are considered among the world’s highest priorities for protec- tion, and include two of ten “hot spots” recently recognized by conservationists. Since the 1970s, the Garden has been active in studying the plants of Ecuador and currently has two staff scientists residing there. The funds from the debt Swap program will be used to hire addi- tional Ecuadorian and North American field researchers, support local botanical institutions and scientists, develop train- ing programs for Ecuadorian biologists and students, purchase equipment, pub- lish botanical findings from the program, provide administrative services, and sup- port the Jatun Sacha Biological Station and the Rio Palenque Science Center, both associated with the Garden’s pro- gram in Ecuador. conservation strategies adopted in 1985. Forero delivered a lecture describing the important role that South American botanical gardens can play in conserva- tion, research and education. He empha- sized the need for greater cooperation at the national, regional and international levels to provide the technical and finan- cial support these gardens need. Forero also was elected Chairman of the session on Botanical Gardens in the Tropics, and Chairman of the Resolutions Committee. The Garden's leadership in conserva- tion issues was recognized by participants at the congress in various ways. For instance, the collaboration between the Garden and the Parc de Tsimbazaza in Madagascar was mentioned repeatedly as an example of cooperation between botanical gardens in developed and devel- oping countries. (See the Bulletin, March-April 1989, page 11.) The Garden’s support of the new network of botanical gardens in Colombia was emphasized by Hermes Cuadros, the network’s coordi- nator. In addition, Lowry was appointed to the Scientific Advisory Council of the Mascarin Botanic Garden on the island of Réunion. continued on next page 8. — = H:-O:M:-E GARDENING «GER Sh ee Any gardener would enjoy having a plant that blooms in the late spring and early sum- mer, needs little water or fertilizer, rarely has pests, and boasts colors ranging the spectrum of the rainbow. Daylilies, Hemerocallis, fit the bill, and as Graham Stuart Thomas said in his introduction to A.B. Stout’s Daylilies, “...few perennial plants have so many advantages for the gardener”. DAYLILIES by Robert E. Bowden @ ADVANTAGES The advantages are truly many. If one has a spot in the garden with at least five hours of sun, one has a place for a daylily. Colors range from nearly white (‘Ice Carnival’) to the deepest of reds (‘Hey There’) to delicate peach (“Walt Disney’), and of course to yellow (‘Stella de Oro’). In addition to the broad range of petal colors, many daylilies have contrasting or com- plementary “hearts” of various colors and “diamond dusting”, a delicate sprinkling of lumi- nescence found on many of the finer hydrids’ flower petals. @ HEIGHT Varying heights are another trait of the day- lily genus that make it attractive to gardeners. ‘Stella de Oro’, mentioned above for its delight- ful light yellow color, is extraordinary because of its twelve-inch maximum height. The clus- ters of flowers also bloom over a long period, making it an exceptional plant for the garden border. ‘Hyperion’, another soft yellow daylily, is known best for its ability to soar above other daylilies with its forty-inch ultimate bloom height. — —= CONGRESS OF BOTANIC GARDENS continued After the Congress, Forero, Lowry and Schatz attended the annual meeting of the IUCN/World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Plant Advi- sory Group. Forero is a member, and Peter H. Raven, the Garden’s director, is honorary chair- man after serving as chairman for four years. Also present at the PAG meeting were repre- sentatives from the IUCN, the WWF, the Peo- ple’s Republic of China, Madagascar, Brazil, and Simple, spectacular England. Dr. Arturo G6mez-Pompa of the University of California, Riverside, the group’s and easy current chairman, conducted the meeting. & to grow. —Enrique Forero, in consultation with Porter P. Lowry and George Schatz. ) Whim’) and flat or recurved (petals curve back- Y ward) such as ‘July Gold’. Several cultivars of .\\ weeds will encourage a well-groomed look. ! Flower stalks should be removed after flower- = well. Ordinarily, daylilies are free of pests and Daylilies also bloom at various periods of the season depending on the species or culti- var. Several species such as Hemerocallis mid- dendorfii, H. minor, and H. dumortiert bloom before or simultaneously with German iris. Others, such as ‘Boast’ (a very large and showy light peach flower, very ruffled and creped) and ‘Oil Painting’ (an excellent flower of peach, cream, and orchid above a green “heart”) bloom very late in the season. The blossoms of daylilies can also be fragrant (‘Irish daylilies repeat bloom during the growing sea- son (Apricot Snow’ and ‘Mercy Me’). @ PLANTING Planting daylilies couldn't be easier. After digging a hole and incorporating enough com- post, place a small mound of soil in the center of the hole and set the plant on the mound with the roots extended out and down. Fill the re- maining hole with good composted soil, firm up, and water heavily. The plants should be set so that the joint where the roots and leaves meet is at ground level. Mulch well to conserve soil moisture. Dividing, planting and resetting should be done as soon as the ground can be worked. @ CARE General care for daylilies is simple. Tilling the soil surrounding the plants to destroy ing. Dead or dying leaves should be removed as diseases. Occasionally leaf spot may be a prob- lem, in which case an application of Bordeaux mix is somewhat helpful. If thrips are seen, an appropriate spray might be necessary. Keep in mind, however, that these problems are un- common and should not discourage one from growing daylilies. To join the American Hemerocallis Society, an international organization of friendly amateur and professional gardeners, commercial growers, and educational institutions interested in daylilies, contact: American Hemerocallis Society, Ms. Elly Launius, 1454 Rebel Drive, Jackson, MS 39211. You can enjoy a magnificent display of daylilies this summer at the Garden. Visit the G. Stuart Jenkins Daylily Garden and see an extraordinary array of cultivars. a Plants at the Garden A Quartet of Imperiled Species As related in earlier Bulletins, the Garden participates in the Center for Plant Conservation (CPC), protectively cultivating plant species threatened with extinction. Curiously, four of the 20 to 30 endangered species in our region belong to just one genus—Lesquerella. Lesquerella is a member of the Mus- tard Family along with spring wildflowers (such as toothwort), garden beauties (such as candytuft), and dinnertime standards (such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussel sprouts, radishes, horseradish, and others). Altogether the family is made up of some 3200 chiefly north temperate herbs having four petals forming a cross, four long stamens, and two short stamens. Called “bladderpods” for their hollow, spherical fruits, lesquerellas account for about 70 predominantly North American species. Their habitats hold the key to the rarity of several species. Species of Lesquerella occupy rocky clearings, glades, and stony banks. These spotty habitats can be envisioned as evolutionary islands, and populations liv- ing on them can be self-contained, iso- lated evolutionary lines, sometimes distinct species. However, when brought together artificially, Lesquerella species are readily hybridized. Suppose a road connects the glades occupied by two different Lesquerella species and they come together by migrating along the road (road banks make good artificial glades) or by seeds transported in the mud of truck tires. We may then see extinction by melding. Each of these four species is at one stage or another of receiving protection by the Garden: Lesquerella globosa (not pictured) is found at a small number of scattered sites, mostly in central Tennessee and central Kentucky. That it is extremely rare is puzzling, since its taste in habitats appears broad—a bluff, the edge of a swamp, a roadside, and a glady pasture. There must be some obscure require- ment waiting to be perceived. Also puz- zling is a population in Indiana some distance from the others. Is it natural or was it carried there by human activity long ago? L. stonensts Lesquerella stonensis is found only in a roadside park and adjacent culti- vated land along one fork of a river in Ten- nessee. A different species, Lesquerella densipila, has migrated in modern times along the other fork of the same river. Downstream from the junction of the forks hybrids are found. And not far away, hybrids between L. stonensis and yet another species have turned up— undoubtedly resulting from habitat dis- turbance. L. perforata Only a few miles from Lesquerella stonensis lives Lesquerella perforata, in (and only in) the outskirts of an expand- ing little town, where rapid development is the threat. L .. filiformis Missouri’s own Lesquerella fili- formis lives exclusively near Springfield on glades, roadsides, and similar sites. Population levels of this biennial fluctuate dramatically from year to year. One year no populations were observed, another year several dozen were reported. This all raises questions. What are the pollination requirements of these species? How diverse are they genetically? What are their relationships with each other? What do they require for cultivation? (This has been challenging.) And, mainly, how can we help make certain that their tender populations are not whittled down to a point of no return? — George Rogers, Ph.D. The illustrations 1n this article are the work of Wayne Page, horticultural intern visiting the Garden from the University of Reading in Reading, England. Mr. Page’s considerable artistic talents exemplify the contnbutions our interns make to the Garden during their stay, and we are very grateful for this delightful and unexpected addition to the Bulletin. Library Volunteer Needed A volunteer is needed to assist library staff with providing bibliographic informa- tion to Frans Stafleu for a supplement to Taxonomic Literature, second edition. (See next page.) This project involves locating materials through the card cata- log, retrieving them, copying specified parts, and sending them to Dr. Stafleu. The qualified volunteer must be familiar with library searching techniques. For more information, call Jeanne McGilligan at 577-5187. Bees. fe 1 * 2 GEORGE ROGERS Horticultural Taxonomist If you have ever enjoyed the delight- fully informative signs placed through- out the Garden, you may have wondered who writes them. That someone is George Rogers. George earned his Ph.D. in botany from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1981. After serving a four-year stint as a research botanist at Harvard University’s Arnold Arboretum, George was lured to the Garden in 1985. As the Garden’s horticultural taxonomist he works for two divisions, horticulture and research. In the horticulture division, George studies botanical aspects of the Gar- den’s living collection—the plants growing on the grounds. His duties include identifying specimens, writing interpretive signs, overseeing the com- puterized horticultural database, writ- ing the regular feature “Plants at the Garden” for the Bulletin, and heading the rare species program (see accom- panying article). He admits that the last-mentioned duty is particularly enjoyable “since it requires rambles in the woods in the company of kindred spirits.” George wears a second hat—an edi- tor’s eyeshade, since he is also head of the research division’s department of scientific publications and editor of the Garden’s two prestigious publications for professional botanical research, the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gar- den and Monographs in Systematic Botany. He also provides invaluable technical assistance in editing the Bulletin and other Garden publications for the general public. George lives in Webster Groves with his wife Donna and two sons, Martin and Curtis. Frans Stafleu (left) receives the Henry Shaw Medal from Robert Kresko. Henry Shaw Medal to Frans Stafleu During the recent meeting of the Council for Botanical and Horticultural Libraries, (see below), the Garden’s highest award, The Henry Shaw Medal, was presented to Professor Frans A. Stafleu, of the University of Utrecht, the Netherlands. Dr. Stafleu has been engaged in cataloging and describing botanical literature, so important to documenting the kinds of research that is carried out at the Missouri Botanical Gar- den, for the past forty years. Stafleu’s most important work is the seven-volume Taxonomic Literature, edi- tion 2, completed in 1987. This work pro- vides a guide to the most basic literature of botany, containing references to about 18,000 separate publications. During the preparation of this guide, Dr. Stafleu and his collaborator, Richard S. Cowan, then of the Smithsonian Institution, depended heavily on the Garden’s library resources as a source of information. During the late 1970s and into the early 1980s, the two authors paid several visits to St. Louis specifically to use the Garden's library and record information about our copies of various books that were to be included in the Taxonomic Literature volumes. In addition, they used the collections of Pro- fessor Joseph Ewan, then at Tulane University in New Orleans, in their research work. The Garden purchased the Ewan collection in 1986, and it is now housed and available for research workers in the Museum Building. In his remarks, Robert E. Kresko, President of the Board of Trustees, noted that the kinds of activities in which Dr. Stafleu has been engaged reflect strongly the Garden’s mission of accumulating information about plants and disseminat- ing it in useful forms for educational and research purposes. CBHL Holds Annual Meeting at Garden The Council on Botanical and Hor- ticultural Libraries (CBHL) held its twen- tieth annual meeting at the Garden, May 3-5, 1989. CBHL is an international organization of individuals, organizations, and institutions concerned with the development, maintenance, and use of libraries of botanical and horticultural literature. The meeting program, which centered on literature acquisition, included John Flanagan, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew, England); Yao Bi-jun, Institute of Botany (Beijing, People’s Republic of China); and Susan Fugate, National Agricultural Library (Beltsville, Maryland), as well as the Garden’s resi- dent natural history historian, Joseph Ewan. The Banquet on Friday provided an extraordinary opportunity for Garden staff and CRBHL members to a hear a talk by Frans Stafleu, one of the world’s fore- most botanical bibliographers. (See story above. ) —— ll. ite: JULY IS “FOR KIDS’ SAKE” MONTH The Garden teams up with KMOV- TV, Channel 4, to present events especially for children. Also spon- sored by Union Electric, Dierberg’s, McDonalds, Blockbuster Video and St. John’s Mercy Medical Center. : vil enjoy the Garden Guides. You beauty, am Paintings by Robert Stolz 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. daily, Ridgway Cen- ter, exhibit continues. Paintings of botanical subjects. Free with regu- lar Garden admission. Plant Clinic 9 a.m. to noon, Ridgway Center. Bring your questions or ailing plants for free, expert advice on every- thing from plant identification to pest control to lawn care. Spon- sored by KMOX Radio. Free with regular Garden admission. Children’s Film Fest: “The Land Before Time” 11 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Join us for this popular series every Wednesday in July. Admission is $1 per person. Doors open 30 minutes before showtime. SAT.—TUES. MONDAY WEDNESDAY VY Missouri Botanical Garden CALENDAR OF EVENTS July-August 1989 z ) IIS) \ 50 \ as IP Years of Membership Missouri Botanical Garden JULY 23 / HENRY SHAW’'S BIRTHDAY & Members’ 50th Anniversary Celebration 4 to 8p.m., Ridgway Center and grounds. Join us to celebrate Henry Shaw’s 189th birthday, plus a very special salute to 50 years of Garden membership. Picnicking, Dixieland music, classic cars, the Sweet Adelines, free popcorn, ice cream and cake, and many more festivities. Watch your mail for a special invitation and reservation form. For Members only. JULY 14/ MEMBERS’ DAY A Musical Evening 7:30 to 9:00 p.m., Spoehrer Plaza. Enjoy a delightful concert under, the stars with the big band 4 A sound of the Gateway Band. Limited seating will be available; no reservations re- quired. Free for Members only. v 8-16 SAT.—SUN. Cactus Society Show 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Orthwein Floral Hall (show opens at noon} July 8). An amazing variety of unusual and dramatic cacti will b display. Free with regular Garde admission. JULY 8-AUGUST 6 Botanical Beauty Il 9 a.m. to8 p.m. daily, Ridgway Center. An exhibit of watercolor: Jacqueline Broughton, nationally recognized botanical artist, depic the life cycles and folklore of flowers. Free with regular Garde admission. 12 Children’s Film Fest: “Mary Poppins” 11 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., Shoenber Auditonum. See July 5 for details. 14 Folklore and Legends ll a.m. to3 p.m., Ridgway Cente Storytellers celebrate “It’s A Sm World” with tales from around the globe by the St. Louis Gateway Storytellers. Co-sponsored by th St. Louis Public Library. Free wit WEDNESDAY FRIDAY {} regular Garden admission. 17 MONDAY Plant Clinic 9 a.m. to noon, Ridgway Center. See July 3 for details. 19 Children’s Film Fest: WEDNESDAY ; “ET. The Extra Terrestrial” 11 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. See July 5 for details. ema MMRa act si cae | FRIDAY fanical Beauty Costume ntest 1.m., Ridgway Center and unds. Children come in costume | delight in modelling their origi- flower outfits, based on the ibit “Botanical Beauty II” (see 8). In the “Garden Hunt” ryone will win a “botanical uty” to take home. Call 577-5125 more information. Free with ular Garden admission. )-74 SAT.—MON. ver Grove House Lemonade 1 Cookie Sale 30 a.m. to 2 p.m., under the tent the east side of Tower Grove use. The Auxiliary will celebrate nry Shaw’s birthday with three s of Victorian refreshments at -fashioned prices. }) "WAG ban Gardening Fair on to 5 p.m. Saturday; 9 a.m. to ).m. Sunday, Ridgway Center. 1e Gateway to Gardening Associa- n sponsors this juried exhibit aturing prize-winning fruits, getables and herbs grown by area rdeners. Free with regular Gar- n admission. SAT.—SUN. MONDAY ant Clinic a.m. to noon, Ridgway Center. e July 3 for details. 2 “For Kids’ Sake” Day: Public Celebration of Henry Shaw’s Birthday ll a.m. to3 p.m., Ridgway Center and grounds. Join KMOV-TV, Chan- nel 4 personalities, Ronald McDonald and Circus Flora in a public celebration of Henry Shaw's 189th birthday. Clowns, music, give- aways and surprises! Free with regular Garden admission. MONDAY Early Morning Stroll 5:30 a.m., Ridgway Center and grounds. Bring your favorite coffee mug and stroll through the Garden; coffee will be provided. Sunrise is at 6:05 a.m. No reservations required; free, for Members only. 19 Fashion Forecast for Fall 9 to 10 a.m., North Center Court at Plaza Frontenac. A special event for Garden Members only. Jan McCor- mick, well-known fashion consultant and model, will show you how to build your fall wardrobe. Refresh- ments; limited seating. RSVP by calling Plaza Frontenac, 432-0604. ra Plant Clinic 9 a.m. to noon, Ridgway Center. See July 3 for details. SATURDAY MONDAY AUGUST S / MEMBERS’ DAY 29 Puppets Galore ll a.m. to 4 p.m., Ridgway Center and grounds. A fun-filled day with the Puppet Guild of St. Louis. The Paul Mesner Puppets from Kansas City will present “The Dinosaur Show” and the roving “Mobile Mes- ner.’ Puppetry workshops will be offered with advance reservations required; call 577-5125 beginning July 17. A small fee for workshops includes admission; other par- ticipants admitted for regular Garden admission. Iris Society Sale 11 a.m., Ridgway Center. The Greater St. Louis Iris Society will hold its annual rhizome sale, includ- ing surplus rhizomes from the iris display at the Garden. Funds from the sale are used to add to the Gar- den’s iris collection. Come early! The selection goes fast. Free with regular Garden admission. 26 Children’s Film Fest: “The Fox and the Hound” 11 a.m. and 1:30 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. See July 5 for details. WEDNESDAY SoAC i UER! DeAGY SUNDAY ee on ~ Saturday, August 26-Monday, September 4 (Labor Day) 15TH ANNUAL JAPANESE FESTIVAL “East Meets West" 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. daily, Ridgway Center and grounds. Celebrate the culture of Japan with music, performing arts, arts and crafts, and much more. Watch for more details; see back cover. 13. ad AS. AAT EE RE NE SE I peo foe MEMBERSHIP OFFICE CENTENNIAL GALA SEPTEMBER 9, 1989 Bobby Short Bobby Short Returns to the Garden A Garden Party with Bobby Short, a gala celebration in honor of the Centennial of the Board of Trustees, will be held on Saturday, September 9. In 1983, Mr. Short was the featured entertainer for a Garden benefit celebrating the Ridgway Center opening. The success of that delightful evening prompted him to respond with enthusiasm to the Garden's request for a return engagement. America’s most celebrated cabaret performer, Bobby Short has been acclaimed for his concerts and recordings of the songs of Cole Porter, George Gershwin and Rogers and Hart. He has entertained at the White House under the Nixon, Carter and Reagan administra- tions, and Newsweek wrote, “Like the songs he sings and plays, Bobby Short is a collector’s item. And the people who col- lected him are legion, from the Duke and Duchess of Windsor...to Leontyne Price. He’s an easily acquired taste—like caviar and champagne.” The black-tie evening will take place under a spectacular tent in the Garden, with cocktails, dinner, entertainment by Bobby Short, and dancing to music by the popular “Ritz” orchestra. Chairpersons for this fabulous event are Garden Trus- tees Mrs. Walter G. Stern and Andrew C. Taylor. Members will receive invitations to the benefit in July, but reservations may be made now at $175 per person. Those who wish to be Patrons may contribute $500 per person, and a corporate table is $5000. Many corporate and patron spon- sorships have already been sold, and Members are encouraged to make reser- vations early by calling 577-9500. Reciprocal Memberships Don't forget that one of your most delightful membership benefits is a chance to visit other botanical gardens and arboreta throughout the country. As you plan your summer vacation, consider visiting: ¢ Botanica, The Wichita Gardens, Wichita, KS ¢ Blithewold Gardens and Arboretum, Bristol, RI ¢ Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Society, Dallas, TX ¢ Hershey Gardens, Hershey, PA ¢ Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, MA ¢ Memphis Botanical Garden, Memphis, TN ¢ Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA ¢ Phipps Conservatory, Pittsburgh, PA ¢ Royal Botanical Garden, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada ¢ New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY At all of these institutions you will receive free admission and special privi- leges, just as their members do when visiting the Garden. Arbor Day Contest Winners The winners of the Members’ Family Arbor Day Essay Contest on April 8 have been announced. Chosen from a selection of essays by kids on “I Like Trees Because...”, the winners were John Lange, age 10, winner of brunch for four in the Gardenview Restaurant; and Rebecca Gotsch, age 8, winner of a $25 gift certificate from the Garden Gate Shop. Congratulations! Garden Guides Have Openings for Volunteers The Garden Guides are a very special group of men and women who share their love of the Garden with visitors of all ages. Guides are fully trained to discuss the his- tory, horticulture, ecology, design, architecture and sculpture of the Garden and lead tour groups throughout the year. Volunteers commit to regular service, one day a week, plus free training sessions. The Guides currently have openings for volunteers on Wednesdays, Thurs- days, and Fridays, plus a few openings for those who can guide only on Saturdays. Please call Jeanne McGilligan at 577-5187 for details. ma 1988 COMMITTEE MEMBERS (seated, from left): Mim Kittner, Robert Kresko, Rosemary Carson; (standing, from left): Landers Carnal, Walter Stern, Sage Wightman, Peter Raven, and Jules Campbell. Not pictured: Patrick Ackerman, Frederick Atwood, John Biggs, James McDonnell, Donnell Reid, David Wells, Robert Williams, and Harry Wuertenbaecher. Henry SHAW FUND COMMITTEE RECOGNIZED The Garden’s Board of Trustees, meeting on April 19, received a report from O. Sage Wightman, Chairman of the Henry Shaw Annual Giving Committee, on the results of the Committee’s 1988 campaign. Members of the Committee were recognized for their hard work and dedication to the Committee’s successful effort. The Henry Shaw Annual Giving Com- mittee works to acquire operating sup- port for the Garden’s many programs and services. Tax support through the Botani- cal Garden Subdistrict of the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District is a major source of revenue for Garden oper- ations, as is support from more than 24,000 Garden memberships. Together, these two sources provide income to cover nearly fifty percent of the Garden’s operating expenses. Admission fees and grants from foundations and corporations cover even more of these operating expenses. However, these sources do not fund all of the Garden’s activities in research, education and display. Contributions to the Henry Shaw Annual Giving effort by individuals and corporations make up the difference, and assure the caliber of cul- turally rich services for which the Garden is noted. The annual appeal commences in the fall of each year. Committee members personally contact previous donors to provide them with an opportunity to make another gift to the Garden. In addition, new support is sought from persons in the community not yet involved with the Garden. Not surprisingly, the person-to-per- son approach serves the Committee members well. In 1988, the Committee raised $135,000, exceeding their goal of $110,000. The effort successfully blended specific Committee goals with the second year of the Garden’s capital campaign. During his presentation to the Board of Trustees, Wightman cited “the persist- ence and tact of these Committee mem- bers,’ and noted their ability to understand the overall goals of the Gar- den. “The positive outcome of the Henry Shaw Annual Giving Campaign was the result of loyal, well-informed committee members, and Members and friends of the Garden who responded to their call because they want the Garden to maintain its prominent botanical role in the commu- nity, nation, and world,” he said. I RR TOWER GROVE HOUSE Henry Shaw’s cylinder secretary Restoration Begins on Henry Shaw’s Office The Tower Grove House Historical Committee is continuing its 30th anniver- sary project of renovating the furnishings in the house, and work has begun on the room that was Henry Shaw’s office. Shaw’s cylinder secretary desk has been restored, and wood blinds have been installed to replace the draperies at the windows. The flat-top desk, desk chair and painted chair will be restored this summer. The Committee also plans to refurbish the built-in bookcases in the office. Auxiliary Elects New Officers Tower Grove House Auxiliary has elected new officers for 1989. They are Eva Holobeck, president; Audrey Vitt, vice president; Virginia Blume, recording secretary; and Anita Siegmund, treas- urer. The Auxiliary has made a donation to help with the restoration of Henry Shaw’s office. Garden Is Named Attraction of the Year The Garden was recently named St. Louis Attraction of the Year by the St. Louis Hospitality Industry Council. Nominated with the Gateway Arch and the St. Louis Cardinals, the Garden was chosen as the St. Louis attraction that is most actively involved in promoting St. Louis and its facilities to convention, corporate and leisure-time visitors. In addition, Teri Dresler, director of marketing for the Garden, recently was elected president of the St. Louis Attrac- tions Association. Dresler has been associated with the association since Its formation two years ago. Ask the Answer Service Sweet Corn, Roses and Lawns Do you have a plant question? Call the Horticultural Answer Service, Monday through Saturday, 9 a.m. to noon, at 577-5143. Q. How can! tell when my sweet corn is ripe? A. Refer to the original seed packet for the “days to harvest” information and add that to your planting date. As the har- vest date approaches, observe the color of the silk. When the silk becomes com- pletely brown and dry, the corn should be ripe. You can also peel back the husk to see if the kernels are plump and full. If you are still unsure, try a taste test. Q. My oriental poppies used to bloom well. Over the years, how- ever, several large shade trees have grown up and now block most of the sun. As a result, the poppies rarely bloom any more. When is the best time to move them? A. Don’t move your oriental poppies until the leaves die down after flowering. The clump can then be dug and replanted whole, or if you wish, it may be separated into divisions about six inches across. Transplant to a well drained, fertile site that receives full sun. A good location for oriental poppies is toward the back of a perennial border. In this situation, the foreground plantings will help hide the gap left behind when the foliage dies after the poppies go dormant. Q. Why do the leaves on my Catawba hybrid rhododendrons curl? I water them, they bloom well, and they receive shade from several large old oak trees. They seem healthy otherwise. A. Rhododendron leaves curl during hot, dry weather in order to conserve the moisture that is evaporating faster than the roots can replace it. Since your shrubs are apparently healthy plants, I suspect you are not watering sufficiently. Your “several large old oak trees” may just be more efficient competitors for the avail- able water, leaving your rhododendrons a little drier than you might expect. If you haven't already done so, apply a three- inch mulch over the root zones of your rhododendrons and allow it to remain undisturbed all year. Use a material such as leaf mold, compost, aged sawdust, wood chips, shredded bark or oak tow. Renew the mulch yearly as the older material decomposes. Q. My Martha Washington ger- aniums have stopped blooming. What can! do to get them to flower again? A. Martha Washington geraniums (Pelargonium xdomesticum) normally bloom in spring and will only set flower buds when temperatures are below 60° F. Prune your plants back severely now to three or four buds. Leave the plants out- doors where they receive shade only dur- ing the hottest part of the day and water regularly. Bring your plants back indoors in fall and keep on the dry side in a cool, bright room where temperatures range from 45° to 60° F. As the days lengthen in late winter, flower buds will begin to form. This is your signal to increase watering and start regular feedings with a weak, balanced fertilizer. Q. I’m new to rose growing, having inherited a bed of a dozen Hybrid Tea roses when I moved to my new house. The bushes bloomed heavily this spring, but sparsely since. Should I be feeding now for more blooms? A. After the first flush of blooms in spring and early summer, Hybrid Tea roses settle back to a more leisurely pace of flower production during the summer months, so it is not unusual to experience reduced blooming during hot weather. In order to ensure the final flush of vigorous flowering in fall, certain tasks should be attended to now. Additional watering may be necessary during dry times. Control of black spot fungus must also continue with regular fungicidal applications. Fertilizer may also be applied, but only until mid-August. Light liquid feedings at 10 to 12 day inter- vals will help to encourage better growth. A single application of about one cup of 12-12-12 fertilizer per bush can be put on before August 15th. Roses will also benefit from a side dressing at that time of two tablespoons of Epsom salts per plant. Finally, prune all faded blossoms to pre- vent your roses from setting seeds. Make your cuts below each spent flower at the first outwardly facing leaf with five leaflets on It. Q. I’m concerned that white grubs are feeding in my fescue lawn and will cause damage. When should I apply grub control chemicals? A. Any of the large selection of grub control compounds applied during late July and August will give effective control of white grub larvae. Be certain to follow label directions carefully. Before using these chemicals, make sure grubs are the cause of your lawn problems. Generally, more than 10 grubs per square foot constitute a threat to your lawn’s health and may warrant control. If there are fewer grubs present and dam- age Is occurring, there may be another explanation. Poor underlying soil condi- tions, poor grass selection, improper watering, and fungus disease must all be considered. It is interesting to note that well irrigated lawns are more likely to suffer grub damage than unwatered, dormant lawns. Soil moisture is necessary to pre- vent drying of grub eggs before they hatch. As a result, well watered lawns are more attractive to egg-laying beetles and more susceptible to potential damage. TIMELY TIPS: ¢ Feed strawberry plants in August to encourage vigorous growth while plants are forming next spring’s flower buds. A 12-12-12 granular fertilizer applied at the rate of 10 pounds per 1,000 square feet is sufficient. Water well and renew mulches to keep weeds under control. e Plant autumn crocus bulbs in August for fall blooming. ¢ Sow seeds of chives, parsley, mint and thyme in pots during August for kitchen use this winter. ¢ Infrequent, deep soakings during dry times are best for trees and shrubs. Fre- quent shallow watering promotes surface rooting, making plants more susceptible to drought damage. —Chip Tynan, The Answer Service NEWS FROM SHAW ARBORETUM Bluebirds Make A Comeback The eastern bluebird, state bird of Missouri, is one of three species of blue- birds found in the United States, but it is the only one found east of the Rockies. During the past 50 years the eastern bluebird’s population has decreased by as much as 90 percent. Two of the key factors contributing to this decline are competition for nest sites and habitat destruction. In the late 1800s, two alien bird species were introduced to the U.S., the English house sparrow and the starling. These two species adapted easily to their new surroundings and have established their range throughout the country, usurping the nest sites of bluebirds in the process. In addition, upon finding an already occupied nest, starlings have been known to evict the resident bluebirds by breaking eggs and pecking the young to death. Humans have also contributed to the bluebird’s decline by destroying suitable nesting habitats. Because bluebirds are cavity nesters, they look for old dead trees and wooden fenceposts in which to build their nests. By replacing old fence- posts with new metal ones and removing dead trees when clearing land, people have unknowingly destroyed precious nest sites. In an effort to encourage the come- back of the bluebird, Shaw Arboretum staff have erected nest boxes along the edges of meadows and the prairie and throughout the Pinetum. The staff mem- bers clean the boxes each winter prior to the bluebirds’ arrival in early March. After a period of courtship, the female bluebird constructs a nest of dried grasses in the nest box. One sky blue egg is laid each day until there are three to five eggs in the nest. After 14 days the eggs hatch. In another 15 to 20 days the young are ready to leave the nest. The females will usually raise two or three broods before September. During the nesting season, the Arboretum staff watch the boxes care- fully. Unwanted residents such as mice or wasps may have moved in, or rat snakes may be lurking nearby hoping to feast on the unattended eggs. But the risks are worthwhile, as the first broods of 1989 have produced 49 young bluebirds from the monitored boxes. As you hike the 12 miles of trails throughout the Arboretum, watch for bluebirds and all the other wildlife that find a home in the rich diversity of habitats. You won't be disappointed. —Lydia Toth, Coordinator, Shaw Arboretum IN MEMORIAM! Adlyne S. Freund, 1895-1989 4 a Abed a Garden members, staff and friends were saddened by the death on April 24 of Adlyne S. Freund, long-time friend and supporter of the Garden. Mrs. Freund The Adlyne S. Freund Visitor Center at the Arboretum. eam Mrs. Freund was the widow of the late Eugene A. Freund. In 1977, Mrs. Freund provided a sub- stantial grant to the Garden to complete A nest box at the Arboretum. Baby bluebirds in one of the nest boxes. the acquisition of 220 acres of woodland meadow adjacent the Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit, Missouri. The property included a rustic lodge, constructed of native stone and wood. In September of that year, the lodge was dedicated as the Adlyne Freund Education Center. Digni- taries heralded the range of educational programs to be offered, and proclaimed that the acquisition of the property would preserve a magnificent natural resource. Today the Adlyne Freund Education Center hosts adult education classes, workshops, and teacher training insti- tutes, fulfilling the vision held by Mrs. Freund and others more than eleven years ago. Surviving are Mrs. Freund’s daughter, Jane Freund Harris of Ladue; two grand- children and two great grandchildren. Tribute gifts in memory of Mrs. Freund will benefit the Adlyne Freund Education Center at the Arboretum. aN Sian cael Members of the Henry Shaw Academy Explorer program spent their spring field trip in Great Smoky Mountain National Park, studying the regional forest sys- tems. The students were excused from a day of school to make the three-day trip. In May the Explorers will investigate Mis- sourl Swamp ecosystems. All of the Explorers will participate in the summer field trip this year, a week- long field study program in Jamaica. The trip will include studying marine ecology, tropical forests and coral reefs. The Explorer program is for 14 to 18 year-old students who already have a background in general science or biology. It uses field research methods to study the diversity of the earth’s ecosystems. Explorer members have monthly week- end sessions and take field trips to such locations as Missouri caves, state parks, the Smoky Mountains and the Arboretum. The program offers a full year’s credit in high school elective biology to students who attend the monthly sessions and satisfactorily complete independent field projects and journals. Those students who also demonstrate outstanding skills in leadership and field research are eligi- ble for summer field trips. Explorers on their field trip to Great Smoky Mountain National Park Explorers Visit the Smokies The program runs from September through August and is limited to 13 par- ticipants. Applications for the 1989-90 school year are available now; call 977-5135 for information. Fees vary for each activity, and some scholarship money may be available. The Henry Shaw Academy The Henry Shaw Academy offers stu- dents ages 7 to 18 unique and exciting ways to investigate topics in science, ecol- ogy and natural history. Academy stu- dents pay an application fee, which includes free Garden admission for a year, and entitles them to opportunities to par- ticipate in seasonal classes and programs held at the Garden, Shaw Arboretum and local parks. The Academy offers fall, winter and spring classes as well as a summer sci- ence camp for 7 to 13 year olds. The Explorer Field Study Program is available to qualified students ages 14 to 18. Watch for the fall class brochure, or call 577-5135 or 971-5140 for information on all Academy education programs. Planned Giving GIFTS BY WILL Each year, many friends of the Garden make provisions for the Garden in their Wills. Their reasons for doing so are many and varied, including— ¢ a love for the Garden whose future pro- gress they wish to aid. * a desire to ensure that future genera- tions enjoy this beautiful facility. ¢ a wish to honor a loved one who had a special affection for the Garden. The gifts made by these Will provi- sions vary considerably in size depending upon personal circumstances of the donor. All, however, are important to the Garden and all are appreciated. It is hoped that the information provided on Wills from time to time will encourage Mem- bers to review their personal situation, write their Will if they have not done so already, or alter the one they have if there are changes in interests or circumstances. It is most important to make certain that family and loved ones are included in the Will. And, it is hoped that if the Garden has provided special enjoyment over the years, it too might be considered for a remembrance with a gift. If you are thinking about including the Garden in your estate plans and you would like more information about how your gift could be effectively used, please write or call our Planned Giving Officer, Ernestina Short, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, or call (314) 577-9532. Volunteers Needed for the Japanese Festival The fifteenth annual Japanese Festival will be held August 26 through September 4, and volunteers are needed for week- days and weekends to give information on the phones and at the ticket counter. We also need help selling and collecting tickets, assisting Garden Guides on Tea- house Island, and working with the origami instructor in his classes. If you are willing to help or would like some more information, please call Jeanne McGilligan at 577-5187. 18. ae COLLECTION In April, the Garden received an out- standing donation to its horticultural col- lection, a gift of 58 potted sansevierias from Dr. Walter H. Lewis. Dr. Lewis, pro- WoRLD’S FINEST SANSEVIERIA fessor of biology at Washington Univer- sity, is a long-time Garden research associate and was head of the Garden’s herbarium from 1964 to 1971. The san- Walter Lewis (left) and Robert Bowden, director of horticulture, examine the collection upon its arrival at the Garden. sevieria collection, which Lewis has main- tained and added to at Washington University since the early 1970s, was originally established by the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture at Coral Gables, Florida. Thanks to Lewis’ gift, the Gar- den suddenly possesses what must be the world’s finest sansevieria collection. Named ‘“mother-in-law’s-tongue” by some gardener suffering from family dis- harmony, sansevierias rank among the most abuse-tolerant potted plants. For this reason, their attractive, thick, long, strap-shaped, pointy-tipped, and often variegated leaves stand proudly in plant- ers in public buildings everywhere. But we usually see just one species, San- sevieria trifasciata, and miss out on some 60 additional species, which are mostly native to Asia and Africa. Most of the new sansevierias are natural species, which will allow the Garden to display the diver- sity and beauty of a cultivated genus that is not as familiar as we thought. From the Garden Gate Shop Raven and Johnson Autograph New Edition sf j 1 lll Dr. Raven (left) and Dr. Johnson (center) show a copy of Biology to a customer in the Garden Gate Shop’s new book department. Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the Garden, and Dr. George Johnson auto- graphed the revised edition of their book Biology on May 2, 1989, in the newly expanded book department of the Garden Gate Shop. The first edition of Biology, an introductory text for majors in the sub- ject, was used by more than 70,000 stu- dents in its first year. Dr. Johnson, director of the Education and Discovery Center for the St. Louis Zoological Park, is a Professor of Biology at Washington University. “Our text is presented as a scientific ‘narrative’, whose beginning is the origin of living things, and whose storyline is the evolutionary history of life on earth,” the authors write in their preface to the new edition. Copies of the revised edition are avail- able for purchase in the Shop’s newly remodeled book department, which opened this spring. Summertime in the Shop features accessories for outdoor entertaining, and chimes, sundials and statuary that will be enjoyed for years. The Japanese Festival in August will find the Shop brimming with Oriental gifts including Japanese figurines, costumed dolls, silk fans, origami kits and hand drums. The Plant Shop will have bonsai, Japanese lanterns and oriental statuary. And, once again, the Shop will feature a T-shirt made especially for this year’s Japanese Festival. Organic Fertilizers Ringer Organic Fertilizers for vegeta- bles, outdoor and indoor plants, will be sold in addition to the natural insecticides already available in the Shop. The Gar- den, which has made a commitment to using and selling natural products, has added this line of natural fertilizers in response to Members’ requests. 19. Jessica Ventimiglia, the Garden’s grants administrator resigned in June to move with her family to Florida, where she will be controller of the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens in Sarasota. Jessica began working for the Garden in 1977 with the Capital Fund Campaign, and became grants administrator in 1983. She also served as the Garden’s repre- sentative to the Botanical Garden Subdis- trict Commission and as assistant secretary to the Board of Trustees. Jes- sica said it has been a great pleasure and privilege to work with the Garden’s staff, Trustees and Subdistrict Commissioners, and she extends an invitation to the “Gar- den family” to visit her in Florida. Raven Honored by Franklin Institute Peter H. Raven, director of the Gar- den, was awarded the Delmer S. Fahrney Medal by The Franklin Institute at an awards dinner in Philadelphia last evening. The Fahrney Medal is named for Rear Admiral Delmer S. Fahrney, who is credited with the development of radio controlled aircraft. The medal was first awarded in 1975. Raven was recognized for “leadership exercised in the advancement of science,” for his scientific research in botany, and for his visible stance on conservation. The Franklin Institute, named for Benjamin Franklin, was founded in 1824. Originally it aimed to bring the insights and methods of scientists to bear on the industrial economy. As needs have changed, the Institute’s programs have evolved to include a museum, library, educational programs, dissemination of scientific information and the recognition Marilyn Svejkosky, gift sales supervi- sor in the Garden Gate Shop, has retired after more than 18 years with the Garden. During Marilyn’s years of service, the Shop moved from Flora Gate to the Ridg- way Center, and has expanded its inven- tory and services enormously. In the early days she was the only paid staff dur- ing the week, assisted by volunteer wor- kers. Marilyn has witnessed record sales due to the Shop’s expansion and the loyalty of Members and visitors, and her fondest memories are of her association with a dedicated staff and committed volunteers. Marilyn is now associated with Tan- dem Medical Supply, Inc., a medical sup- ply business started several years ago by her two sons. Botanical Garden Subdistrict Elects Officers At the annual meeting of the Botanical Garden Subdistrict Commission held on May 10, 1989 the following commissioners were elected as officers for one-year terms: Marjorie M. Weir, chairman; George H. Walker III, vice-chairman; Doris Moore-Glen, treasurer; John P. Barrie, secretary. The immediate past chairman of the commission was Walter G. Stern. Other commisioners are: Sandra H. Bennett, Betty Farrell, John H. Poelker, Pamela Shephard, Robert M. Sunnen. The Commission of the Botanical Gar- den Subdistrict is a subdistrict of the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District of the City of St. Louis and the County of St. Louis. of those who provide leadership in related areas. Behind the Scenes | IMS Awards Garden $75,000 The Institute of Museum Services (IMS) has awarded the Garden one of its prestigious grants for 1989. These funds assist museums in supporting basic serv- ices and programs. A total of 400 awards out of 1355 applications were made. Grants are made to museums of all types and sizes throughout the United States. The Garden received $75,000, the maximum grant made by the IMS. The award is based on the strength and quality of the applicant, as defined by its manage- ment of available resources to provide the best possible services to its community and the general public. The IMS is as independent federal agency established by Congress in 1976 to assist museums in the efforts to preserve the nation’s cultural, historic and scientific heritage. Moving? Please Remember To Send Us Your New Address. To avoid missing any of your member- ship mailings, you must give us your new address at least three weeks before you move. Please enclose the mailing label on the back cover of this Bulletin, and mail to: Membership Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Name: Old Address: City State Zip New Address: City State Zip Date Effective: Phone (day) MARCH - APRIL 1989 In Honor Of: Ms. Nancy Ade Yuppie Landscaping Corporation Mr. and Mrs. Lester Adelson Mrs. Benjamin H. Cohen Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Ms. Judith Bellos Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Lowe Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Block Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Michelson Mr. Steven Borowsky Miss Iris Wagman Mr. and Mrs. Melvin S. Strassner Mrs. Alita Canis Mr. and Mrs. Paul T. Putzel Dr. Jerome R. Cox Jr. Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Joy and Mel Dunkelman Mr. and Mrs. Harris J. Frank Gloria Freund Dr. and Mrs. Robert Vanderpear! Mr. and Mrs. Milton Freund Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Freedman Mr. and Mrs. Steven L. Handelman Mr. and Mrs. Richard Halpern Mr. Sam Heyman Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Mrs. J. A. Jacobs Mrs. Helen C. Maurer Miss Rosemary Woodworth , Bae 2 PEG “The Tree” in its location at the Garden. he. Re ne Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Jennings Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey C. Pohle Mrs. Peggy Jones Mr. and Mrs. David J. McKay III Jim and Adele Kurz Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Michelson Mrs. Milton Kushkin Mrs. Myrtle G. Weinrobe Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Langenberg Mr. and Mrs. Neil F. Maune Mr. and Mrs. Ted Lapides Mr. and Mrs. Bert Schweizer II Mrs. Rita Levis Mrs. Lilly Ann Abraham Mr. Wesley J. Lomax Mr. and Mrs. Bernard A. Barken Mrs. Helen C. Maurer Miss Rosemary Woodworth Mr. Albert M. Melman Teel Ackerman Martin O. Israel Mrs. Barbara Murphy Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Dr. Edward Okun Dr. and Mrs. Marvin Gernstein Dr. Lawrence A. Pilla Mrs. Richard M. Birner Willis Pottoff Trudy Faust Carondelet Y’s Men’s Club Miss Preci Miss Ann Elbert Mr. and Mrs. Frank Prins Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Lowenhaupt Mrs. Martha Rounds Mr. and Mrs. Fred Levis Mr. Louis Sachs Mr. and Mrs. Frank Adam Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Beaver Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth L. Dauphin Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Hays Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Dr. Hyman Senturia Dr. and Mrs. Harold M. Cutler Mr. and Mrs. David Sher Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Michelson Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Simon Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Mr. Ralph Soule Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Professor Sondra Stang Mrs. Bernetta Jackson Mr. John Temporiti Mr. and Mrs. Sanford Neuman Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Tornatore Ms. Ann K. Wilder Mr. Joseph Tucker Mrs. Alberta S. Kalish Mr. and Mrs. Paul Ullman Jr. Mr. Martin Wales Mr. and Mrs. Jerome M. Steiner Mr. and Mrs. Norman Wielansky Mr. and Mrs. Melroy Hutnick Mr. and Mrs. Gerald V. Williamson Elizabeth G. Brokaw Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas In Memory Of: Joan Abrams Mrs. Peggy Moehlenbrock Mr. Frank Afton Dr. Dorothy J. Jones Mr. Louis J. Alfeld Mrs. Louis J. Alfeld Mr. Richard Alt Mr. and Mrs. W. Anderson Payne Nan Anthony Miss Marilyn L. Wind Mr. Morris Arky Dr. and Mrs. Arthur E. Carlson Mr. John Arnold Mrs. Angus S. Alston Calder’s “The Tree” Is Sold On Monday, May 22, 1989, Alexander Calder’s steel sculpture “The Tree” was sold in an auction at Selkirk’s in St. Louis. The huge mobile, created in 1966, has been at the Garden on extended loan since 1981. It was sold as part of a foreclosure sale of the Mansion House Center’s assets ordered by U.S. District Court. “The Tree” brought a record price of $1.9 million, the highest ever paid for a Calder sculpture. It was bid by Ronald Greenberg of the Greenberg Gallery of Contemporary Art in St. Louis. Green- berg announced plans to remove the sculp- ture from the Garden and offer it for sale. Mrs. Olin M. Attebery Ms. Mary J. Cloyd Mrs. Mabel A. Bader Mr. and Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp Mrs. Jane Caulfield Baer Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mrs. Howard H. Hubbell Mr. and Mrs. Elmer W. Wiltsch Mr. Lyman F. Barrows Mr. and Mrs. Neil F. Maune Mr. John H. Munch Mrs. Margie Bax Mr. and Mrs. James E. Hanick Mr. Frank Becker Mr. and Mrs. J. Edward Heichelbech Mrs. Vilma A. Begeman Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Asbury Mrs. Dorothy Birk Mrs. Patty Arnold Charles and Diana Becker Dorothy Becker Dr. and Mrs. Stephen F. Bowen Jr. Mrs. Alice Coleman Mr. Howard Coleman Mr. and Mrs. Samuel J. Copple Mr. and Mrs. Larry DeMoor Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Elsperman Mr. and Mrs. Edward F. Gereke Mrs. B. J. Hueser Mr. Leo Jaudes Dr. and Mrs. Donald Judd Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Kohler Ms. Frances B. Kroeger Mr. and Mrs. Pierre L. LaBarge Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Louis A. Latzer Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Lee Jr. Dr. and Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Mr. and Mrs. Ted McClure Mr. and Mrs. David D. Metcalfe Jr. Missouri Botanical Garden— Members’ Board Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Nagel Mr. and Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp continued on next page al: ame continued Mr. and Mrs. Winthrop B. Reed Dr. and Mrs. Leslie Rich Dr. and Mrs. William A. Sims Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph L. Smith Mrs. Yolanda Taylor Mr. and Mrs. A. Roy Weisheit Mr. and Mrs. Bruce E. Woodruff Mrs. Herbert W. Ziercher Mr. and Mrs. Charles Zurheide Miss Mary Blackburn Moe Ball Arthur Bertelson Ms. Christy Bertelson John Brophy Sally Bixby Defty Arthur Fox Martha Fox Greg Freeman Ms. Ellen M. Gardner Jane Gore Sally and Ray Gunter Mr. and Mrs. William S. Knowles Lois Kuhl Mrs. Charlotte Machetto Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Manning Claudia Mac Lachlan John M. McGuire Mr. and Mrs. Norm Nielsen Ron Norton Sue Ann Poor Bob Posen Pat Rice Bob Sanford Marsha Sanguinette Mr. and Mrs. Glen C. Schomburg Mr. Sam Shelton Roger Signor Landon Smith Nanci Stoddard Jern Stroud Pat Tummons Mr. Robert C. Watkins Dick Weiss Miss Patricia R. Williamson Mrs. Betty Blake Mr. Bernard S. Wildi Mr. Ervin Booth Miss Constance Ford Mrs. Paul Britt Mrs. E. Douglas Britt Mrs. Brock Ms. Jimi James Mrs. Babel B. Brown Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Atwood Mr. James K. Bude Ms. Rebecca L. Barnard Mr. William P. Bumberry Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Chida Mrs. Victoria C. Burridge Dr. and Mrs. John S. Skinner Rose Burstone Bill Barnes Dan Dixon Francis Feeney Maurice Firouz Cheryl Fogg Jean Gioiele Richard Goldberg John Griffiths Page Hudson Rita Kelsey Steven Lindauer Carrie Melita John Morton Ravi Nanda Mary Neil Louis Norton Anil Patel Todd Rankin Barbra Rich Douglass Rollins Richard Rosenbloom Bhavna Schroff Mrs. Esther Cohen Mr. and Mrs. William B. Eiseman Jr. Mrs. Joseph Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Mr. Sidney S. Cohen Mr. and Mrs. Bertram Gabriel Jr. Mrs. Patricia Rich Mrs. Dorothy Connelly Mr. and Mrs. Bo Axelrod Mr. Jay A. Epstein Mrs. Virginia M. Epstein Mrs. Alma Winkler Mrs. Carolyn Costen Mr. and Mrs. R. E. Bates Mr. Charles Beech Mrs. Roberta J. Burkley Mrs. Jean Costen Carr Dr. William S. Costen Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Daley Mrs. J. Rice Dunkelman Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mrs. Inez Greenspon Sr. Jane Hassett Mr. and Mrs. Gerald E. Kimberlin Mrs. Crockett L. Klein Ina G. Kopman Ladue Garden Club Mrs. C. Clark Leonard Edwin Levis Jr. Mrs. Loraine G. Lewis Mrs. Martha Y. Mahaney Mrs. R. M. C. Ormrod Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mrs. Roy Rehme Sr. and Children Dr. and Mrs. William K. Saigh Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Sheahan Sue Starnes Mr. and Mrs. Fritz Steffen Mr. Lynn E. Stuart Marjorie Tarver Mrs. Theodore E. Walsh Col. Richard E. Whitmire Barbara and Peck Wilkins Mr. and Mrs. Howard J. Wilkinson Jr. Mrs. M. Cowie Mrs. James E. Hanick Miss Sylvia Darevsky Mr. and Mrs. Ben Cohen Mrs. Doris M. Davis Mr. John R. Brophy Mrs. Charles Day Mr. and Mrs. Louis A. Hoerr II Mrs. Roblee McCarthy Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Tooker Mrs. Lorraine Dessau Mr. Dale L. Boring Mrs. Lillian Dobbins Mr. and Mrs. Fred Droke Mrs. Ralph D’Oench Mrs. Warren C. Bruce Mrs. R. W. Butterworth Mrs. Eugene Darst Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Reasor Mrs. George W. Skinner Mr. Orville Drake Mr. and Mrs. Sam Zemmel Mrs. Clara Drinen Miss Ruth E. Buerke Mr. Arthur Dunkin Mrs. J. Maver Feehan D’Arcy Elsperman’s Father Mr. and Mrs. John Torrey Berger Jr. Mr. Walter J. Emes Mrs. E. Janet Emes Mrs. Martha Endres Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Risk Mrs. Yetta Esrock Dr. Esrock’s Office Staff Mr. Perry H. Ferguson Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Ferguson Mrs. Shewell W. FitzRoy Mrs. William H. Leyhe Jr. Mr. Don Frandle Larry, Sara, Rustin Simpson Mrs. Adlyne Freund Mr. and Mrs. Arthur E. Ansehl Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Armin Ms. Ruth E. Buerke Mrs. William J. Chapman Mrs. Mary DeBrecht Mrs. Henry L. Freund Sr. Jane Hassett Mr. and Mrs. Philip N. Hirsch Japan America Society of St. Louis Dr. Dorothy J. Jones Dr. Robert A. Koetting Mr. and Mrs. John J. Meier Mr. Forrest J. Murphy Ms. Annie Pope Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Rosenthal Mr. and Mrs. George B. Sloan Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wegusen Frieda Rose Frillman Tom, Ann, Adam, Susan Frillman Mr. Gene Furman Mr. and Mrs. Erwin R. Breihan Miss Catherine E. Gaffney Mr. and Mrs. Joseph D. Boing Dr. George Gantner Mr. and Mrs. Edward A. Higgins Mr. Jack Garlich Mr. and Mrs. James D. Nease Judith Geohegan-Doi Family and Friends Mr. Edmund W. Gifford Dr. and Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Dr. and Mrs. Stephen J. Vitale Mrs. Edyth Gloor Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Muriel Gotwals Frontenac Garden Club Mrs. Lillian Graham Bess Corn Jane Corn Pat Scott Mrs. Louise Graham Mr. and Mrs. Paul W. Reime Mrs. Mary Gray Miss Agnes Koenig Mrs. Alice F. Greensfelder Mrs. Franklin J. Cornwell Sr. Mrs. Leonard Griggs’ Mother Dr. and Mrs. Donald Ross Mrs. Evelyn Gutting Mrs. Josephine A. McDonald Mrs. Lessie A. Hamel Anonymous Mrs. John B. Clayton Jr. Commerce Bank of St. Louis— Trust Department Mr. Stephen A. Cooper Mr. and Mrs. Charles T. Dee Ms. K. Ann Dempsey Mr. and Mrs. Clark M. Driemeyer Mrs. Alberta D. Fuidge Mr. and Mrs. George B. Hagee Mr. and Mrs. James J. Hennelly Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hetlage Mr. and Mrs. Melvin A. Hoey Mrs. Frances Kirk Lashly, Baer & Hamel Mrs. Marie Lauer Ms. Helen M. Longmire Mrs, Mutz McFarland Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mills Mr. and Mrs. Bob Mohme Elisabeth Nohl Mr. Quintin Papineau Jr. Ms. Ella M. Placke Mrs. G. P. Plaisance Mr. Jack W. Schaper Mr. and Mrs. Arthur E. Schmid Mr. and Mrs. Dalton W. Schreiber Janet Steiger H. W. and O. K. Vahle Mr. Brian Haney Dixie Danzeisen Mattie Danzeisen Mr. Robert Heimbuecher Mrs. Rosemary Meacham Mr. Brian Henry Mr. Joe Roth Mr. James E. Henske Arthur Andersen & Company Mrs. Dorothy Herchert Mr. and Mrs. Karl P. W. Wolf Mrs. Helen Hoss Mr. and Mrs. Willis S. Cady Mrs. Helen Howald Mr. John Boland Mr. Fredrick Fischer Mrs. Patricia M. Hubert Mr. David H. Hubert Jr. Mr. Robert Humbrecht Mr. and Mrs. Joseph M. Arndt II Annie Humphrey Mr. and Mrs. Alvia D. Voss Mrs. Albert Irwin Mrs. Stella B. Houghton Mrs. John C. Tobin Jr. Catharine James Carl Seltzer Jo Seltzer Mr. Harold Jenkins Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sneden Mrs. Evelyn Jones Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Lindsay Mr. Warren Kelley Sarah Atkins Barbara Brigham Miss Jean M. Kennedy Miss Bess J. Corn Ms. Louise C. Ittner Dr. Teofil and Olga Kheim Architectural Bronze Studio, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. William G. Hayes . Mrs. Virginia H. Horton Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Hutchinson Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Kountz Mrs. William B. Kountz William B. Kountz Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Rudy Leimbach Mr. and Mrs. Beaumont M. Parks Mrs. Sophia W. Klauber Mr. and Mrs. Harry K. Frank Mr. Morris Klevens Dr. and Mrs. Marc Singer Emily Koehler Mr. and Mrs. Eugene F. Kern Mr. Ely Kopman Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Arenberg Mr. and Mrs. Howard F. Baer Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Maize Kourik’s Mother Mr. and Mrs. Frank Roth Miss Laura Kromar Mrs. Carol Kriegshauser Mrs. Esther Kunes Mr. John D. Phillippe Mrs. Edward Lammert Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Butow Mrs. Roslyn E. Littmann Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Schulte Miss Susan Loehr Mrs. Annette V. DeVos Mrs. Joseph Loffler Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. LaMear Loved Ones Ms. Vera A. Obst Mrs. Marie G. Ludwig Mrs. Clara Ann Henry Mr. Joseph Lynch Dr. and Mrs. George E. Mendelsohn Mr. Wilton Manewal Jr. Mr. and Mrs. William A. Frank Mr. Robert N. Hagnauer Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Sheahan Mrs. Sharon K. Marglous Barbara Boskamp Mr. and Mrs. Robert Crowe Mrs. Evelyn C. Marr St. Louis Horticultural Society Teijiro Matsuzaki Haruka, Ayako, Hideki, Kaoru Watanabe Mr. Roblee McCarthy Mr. and Mrs. Erwin M. Meinberg Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Pollnow Jr. Mr. William J. Meisburger Jr. Miss Marion Bock Mrs. John Morfit Mrs. William Bixby Jr. Mrs. John E. Curby H. W. Lewis Allison Lewis Maher Mrs. Walter F. Raven Mr. Lawrence K. Roos Mr. and Mrs. James A. Singer Mrs. Whitelaw Terry Genie Mueller’s Father Mr. Lewis A. Levey Mr. George Muir Miss Dorothy M. Hanpeter Mrs. Helen Multin Mr. and Mrs. Richard Halpern Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Joan Murphy Mrs. Rosemary Nall Mr. and Mrs. Harold E. Thayer Mr. and Mrs. Clarence T. Wilson Mrs. Madelaine Neiswander Mr. and Mrs. Paul D. Wright Mrs. Chapin Newhard Miss Adelaide Cherbonnier Miss Denise Nicholson Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Rich Miss Janet Noel Mrs. C. H. Bley Mr. Arthur Ocker Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Berger Jr. Mr. George B. Oonk Dr. and Mrs. Paul O. Hagemann Mr. Shannon L. Orchard Miss Marilyn M. Erickson Mr. Daniel Pacey Mr. and Mrs. Clinton J. Phillips Mr. Herbert C. Phillips Mrs. David R. Francis III Mr. and Mrs. John G. Goessling Mrs. Harriet Porter Mrs. Kathryn M. Buder Mr. and Mrs. Alphonse F. Dames Jr. Nancy Ellen Raisher Diane Woepke Mrs. Edna Reifesiess Mr. and Mrs. James E. Hanick Mr. and Mrs. Henry Reitz Mrs. Dorothy Hoffman Mr. Kenneth Hoffman Alma K. Reitz Eileen Reitz Mrs. Ruth T. Rice Mrs. Ruth E. Scott Mr. Harvey Rosen Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Shapiro Bess Goldstein Rosenbloom Marjorie Rosenbloom Berg Mr. Jerry Rosin Mr. Dale L. Boring Mrs. Thelma Routt Mr. and Mrs. Louis E. Stuetzer Mrs. Betty Russo Mr. and Mrs. Donald J. Wiese Mr. Dan Sakahara Dr. and Mrs. Isaac Boniuk Dr. Yasuo Ishida Christine Schaan Mrs. Georgia L. Perry Mr. Robert G. Schaeffer Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Ben Alper Mr. and Mrs. Albert G. Beyer Joseph Bohac Family Mrs. Eleanor J. Booth Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Brasch Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Cindy Easterling Jim and Susan Folkl Mr. and Mrs. Warren Haberman JCCA Preschool Mr. and Mrs. W. Boardman Jones Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James F. Joseph Mr. and Mrs. Mark R. Lay Mr. and Mrs. Clifford Lecoutour Dr. and Mrs. Paul W. Miles Claire Passer Family Mr. Bob Peat Shaare Zekek Preschool Staff Southwick Veterinary Clinic Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Hill Robert L. Murphy Mrs. Mae Schill Belleview Park Garden Club Miss Julia M. Schmidt Miss Eugenia Henke Mrs. Schuette Marilyn Edmiston Mrs. Virginia Seibert Mr. Howard J. Wilkinson Jr. Mrs. Bunny Shelton Mr. and Mrs. John N. Ehlers Mr. Edward J. Smith Kris Emmons Lisa Hirsh Mrs. Esther Smith Wayne and Virginia Jordan Mrs. Phyllis Smyser Mr. Michael S. Smyser Mrs. Lucille Spengler Mrs. Gloria M. Jones Mr. Herman Stadin Miss Marilyn L. Wind Mr. Larry Stanton Mr. and Mrs. Jerome C. Allen Mrs. Mary Stepp Mrs. Robert S. Mitchell Dr. Julian A. Steyermark Dr. Robert E. Magill Missouri Botanical Garden— Lehmann Building Staff Mrs. Jessica Ventimiglia Eva Sticka Mr. and Mrs. William B. Eiseman Jr. Mrs. Sadano Taketa Kay Shoji Mr. Hilmer 0. Tiemann Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Fritsche Mrs. Kathryn Travis Mrs. Jean Thomas Mr. Frank Robert Trulaske Dr. and Mrs. Charles O. Gerfen Mr. William R. Tupper Mrs. George W. Skinner Mr. Thomas H. Wagner Mrs. J. Gardiner Flint Miss Miriam Waite Mr. Roland R. Bauer Jr. Mrs. Joan F. Watterich Mrs. Kenneth Artinger Mr. and Mrs. Victor Billhartz Cancer Information Center Staff Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Fienup Mr. and Mrs. Ardell Miller Mr. John A. Watterich Mr. and Mrs. Marc C. Weis Mrs. Ruth A. Wemhoener Mr. Charles F. Wemhoener Dorothy Wiers Hazel Maxwell Mrs. Trudi Williams Mr. Gil Williams Willmann Family Mr. Merlin F. Willmann Mrs. Grace Wilson Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kresko Mrs. Alfred 0. Woerner Mrs. Henry C. Griesedieck Mr. and Mrs. J. Leonard Walther Mr. James W. Wright Mrs. Lorraine Wire Board of Trustees Mr. Robert E. Kresko President Dr. Marguerite Ross Barnett Rev. Lawrence Biondi, S.J. Mr. Gerald D. Blatherwick | Mr. Stephen F. Brauer | Mr. William H. T. Bush Mr. Jules D. Campbell Dr. William H. Danforth Mr. Samuel B. Hayes Mr. Robert R. Hermann Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr. Mr. David W. Kemper Mr. Charles F. Knight Mr. William E. Maritz Mr. James S. McDonnell III The Hon. Gene McNary Mr. Lucius B. Morse III Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mr. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Dr. Howard A. Schneiderman The Hon. Vincent C, Schoemehl, Jr. Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. Andrew C. Taylor Dr. Joyce M. Thomas Mr. John K. Wallace, Jr. Mr. O. Sage Wightman III EMERITUS TRUSTEES Mr. Howard F. Baer Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. John H. Biggs Mr. Sam’l C. Davis Dr. Thomas S. Hall Mr. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann Mr. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Louis S. Sachs Mr. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Harriet Spoehrer Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. MEMBERS’ BOARD Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky President Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp First vice president Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Second vice president Mrs. Robert J. Senkosky Secretary Mr. Frederick H. Atwood III Treasurer DIRECTOR Dr. Peter H. Raven AUGUST 26 —- LABOR DAY TOTH ANNUAL JAPANESE FESTIVAL Sponsored by Fannie May Candies Foundation The festival highlights traditional Kabuki theater. Japanese culture against the backdrop of Children’s Day, featuring the the Garden’s magnificent Japanese Gar- Candyman. den, Setwa-En, the “garden of pure, ieee . clear harmony and peace.” This year the Suzuki violinists from Suwa, theme is “East Meets West,” featuring Japan. traditional Japanese artforms with east- @ Candlelight walks. ern and western influences. ™@ And much more! The theme of cultural exchange also honors the 15th anniversary of the Sister Festival Hotline opens City relationship between St. Louis and Monday, August 21. Call Suwa, Japan. : Festival highlights include: 577-5198 for details. @ “Kumadori: The Face of Kabuki.” A photo exhibit of the art of Japanese theatrical make-up. @ Katazome and Tsutsugaki. A demonstration of the ancient craft of fabric dyeing. Kogin-Zashi. A demonstration of the 250-year-old art of embroidery. Tea Ceremony. The traditional ritual is explained and performed. Taiko drummers. Ikebana. Traditional flower arranging. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ST. LOUIS, MO MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN BULLETIN (ISSN-0026-6507) P.O. Box 299 Saint Louis, Missouri 63166 CENTEMMIAL Board of Trustees ae - ee 7] } DRG Missouri Botanical Garden Missourl Botanical (Garden V SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 1989 VOLUME LXXvil QIIMRER FIVE Inside This Issue 4 Stupp Teacher Resource ame Center A helping hand for the entire com- munity. 5 Madagascar Officials Visit gag «Collaboration promotes research and conservation; plus a profile of Porter P. Lowry II. History of the Membership The Garden's members celebrate their 50th anniversary with a fond look back. Home Gardening Searching for the perfect tree? Here are some fresh ideas. Plants at the Garden Facts and lore about oaks, including some of the Garden’s most venerable trees. Centennial of the Board of Trustees A tribute to those who have served on the Board since its inception. Calendar of Events Lectures, tours, exhibits, flower displays and sales—autumn brings something for everyone. Ask the Answer Service Plan now for next season. From the Membership Office Highlights of current activities and plans for 1990. 14 - 15 ee Tributes 20 On the cover: The upper basin of Seigan- no-taki, the Blue Boulder Cascade, in the Japanese Garden. — Photo by Richard Benkof © 1989 Missouri Botanical Garden. The BULLETIN (ISSN 0026-6507) is published bi-monthly by the Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Second class postage paid at St. Louis, MO. Subscription price $12.00 per year. $15.00 foreign. The BULLETIN is sent to every Member of the Garden as one of the benefits of membership. For a contribution of as little as $40 per year, Members also are entitled to: free admission to the Garden, Shaw Arboretum, and Tower Grove House; invitations to special events and receptions; announcements of all lectures and classes; discounts in the Garden Gate Shop and for course fees; and the opportunity to travel, domestic and abroad, with other Members. For information, please call (314) 577-5100. Postmaster: send address changes to Susan Wooleyhan, editor, BULLETIN, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. 1 Looking Toward the Year 2000 On November 7, the Garden will be ask- ~ ing the voters of St. Louis City and County to approve a 3.2 cent increase in its property tax rate from the present 2.8 cents to 6 cents per $100 of assessed valuation. On behalf of the Garden, I am asking for your commitment and support in this important endeavor. The Garden has matured significantly during the past decade. Increased tax support will make it possible to create a necessary balance between public and private support as we respond to our mis- sion to increase and disseminate knowl- edge about plants and their aesthetic and environmental importance. While the Garden has grown tremen- dously during this last decade, the expan- sion of programs and services has been undertaken carefully and cautiously. We believe the results of that growth have proven beneficial to the entire region. Since 1983 when the Garden joined the Zoo-Museum District, we have increased our involvement in the community GOVERNOR ASHCROFT SIGNS LEGISLATION: through a series of programs and capital improvements aimed at increasing atten- dance, a growth in services, and a broad- ened scientific effort. To maintain our programs in environ- mental education, to respond to public demand for increased educational and horticultural services, and to restore and sustain the historic structures, the Gar- den requires a higher level of public sup- port. The present capital campaign will turn private dollars into new services for the public—but will not meet the needs of the Garden into the year 2000. Because of our commitment to the future, we must act accordingly now by requesting an increase in our tax rate. A combination of the best human resources available and high quality physical struc- tures, equipment and materials will allow the Garden to respond to community needs in the St. Louis area and environ- mental concerns of future generations. Working together, with your enthusi- astic endorsement, I am confident we can present our case for additional tax sup- port to the public successfully. Thank you. Ce CCnme mar Re mo * On Wednesday, June 21, 1989, friends and supporters met at the Garden for a ceremony to sign the Zoo-Museum District Tax Legisla- tion. (Standing, left to right): Rick Simoncelli; Charles Hoessle; Andrew Newman; Dennis Wint; Robert Kresko; Peter Raven; Representati ve Thomas Stoff; Edwin Trusheim; Senator John Bass; David Hyslop; Representative Laurie Donovan; and Morris Jacob. Seated: Governor John Ashcroft. EDUCATION DIViISTON “REWS Adult Education at the Garden 7 ‘ Sti ta +, ay bat at + wom ty ~ Art class ROM planting bulbs to pruning a Japanese Garden, from tasting durian to discussing tropical rain forest deforesta- tion, the Garden offers adults a multitude of educational opportunities. In each of the past two years, approximately 2,500 students have registered for more than 100 courses. In spring and fall the education division teaches courses in garden- ing fundamentals and specialties. In the summer, classes pro- vide opportunities for utilizing the Garden’s superb living collection on the grounds. For convenience, most adult classes are offered on evenings and Saturdays. A few classes are held during regular working hours to facilitate on-grounds instruction and provide educa- tional opportunities for area professionals. All courses are taught by Garden staff and area specialists who are knowledgea- ble about the opportunities and limitations of gardening in St. Louis. Most courses are designed for the practical home gardener, but classes in nature study, botanical arts and crafts, and environmental issues are also offered. General and introductory courses are recommended for beginners, and provide a sound basis for more detailed information. Specialized courses like “Pruning in the Japanese Style” or “Vines: An Untapped Dimension” provide advanced information for experienced gardeners who wish to pursue special interests. The Garden offers courses that pique many interests and present plants and the natural world from a variety of perspectives. For instance, “Tree and Shrub Identification” is a ten-week summer course that offers participants an opportunity to learn basic identification skills first hand from area experts and Gar- den staff, utilizing the Garden’s magnificent collection of woody plants. Access to so many different plants allows participants to “brush up” their identification skills on each visit to the Garden. As all living things are connected in a web of life, so man and plants are connected in a global web of development and environmental concerns. Building upon the Garden's concern for environmental issues and its strong research program in the tropics, a new series of classes on tropical rain forests has been developed. Some of the classes explore the biological riches of tropical rain forests, the products man obtains from the forests, or the Garder’s tropical research program. Other classes in the series explore the causes, effects, and solutions to tropical rain forest deforestation through studying the ecology of the forest and discovering the web of economic and political values that contributes to their destruction. Out of one such class, a local education-action group, the Rain Forest Alliance, was born. It is an organization dedicated to learning more about tropical rain forests and to helping pre- serve tropical ecosystems. And then there are always courses that are just for fun. One such class is “Thai Cuisine”. We all know plants are important to us as food—we eat them every day. But how often do we get to sample and learn about the plants used in other parts of the world? In this class students sniff, sample, and taste the vegeta- bles, fruits, and spices that make Thai cuisine distinctive, and discuss the role plants play in daily life. The course concludes with dinner at a local Thai restaurant. In addition, this fall a course will explore the plants and foods of natural cuisine. Another new fall class, “Ornamental Yard Art,” uses slides and discussion to consider the cultural significance of the whim- sical decorations in our gardens. What does a pink flamingo really mean? Come find out. From enjoying the sights, sounds, and tastes of nature, to learning how to start your own garden, to discussing critical environmental issues, the Garden’s adult education program has something for everyone. —Glenn Kopp, Adult Education Coordinator EDUCATION Stupp Teacher Resource Center A small library in the Ridgway Center is having a big impact on science education in St. Louis. “We help teachers to help themselves,” says Pamela Pirio, coordinator of the Stupp Teacher Resource Center. “We provide information, reference and teaching materials to educators, including Garden staff and volunteers.” The Stupp Resource Center was established at the Garden in 1982. It takes the Garden’s expertise in botanical research and ecology in the community, by helping teachers to enrich their own knowledge and skills and to pass that knowledge on to their students. “Concern with environmental issues is increas- ing every day,” Pirio explained. “Teachers and students are looking for ways to supplement their opportunities to learn Science fair winners from Most Holy Trinity School (top to bottom): Diane Brogan; Crystal Lada; Mrs. Vera Cooper, teacher; Jodie Dinsmore; Mark Feldhaus; Dana Massey; Christopher Aikin; Shellie Lada. about natural science, both in and out of the classroom. We provide information and tools, and we also put them in touch with other organizations who can help.” The Center is open in the afternoons, early evenings, and Saturday mornings—times convenient for busy teachers. Any- one is welcome to use the Center for reference, but only teachers and Garden personnel may borrow materials. The col- lection is organized on the Library of Congress system. The Center is a member of the St. Louis Regional Library Network, which includes public, school, academic, and special libraries. The collection includes books, slide sets, videos, computer software (there is an Apple Ile computer and printer in the Center), botanical models, games, recordings, and modular programs in environmental education. Using these materials, plus initiative and enthusiasm, area educators have enriched DIVISION NEWS students’ learning in the classroom, and have developed a num- ber of innovative programs. Science Fair Winners [n 1987, Most Holy Trinity School in St. Louis set a goal to excel in science education within three years. The school applied for Federal funds for teacher training, materials and supplies. Later, they set up an internal school sci- ence fair to give students experience in competition. Vera Cooper, one of the teachers at the school, recognized potential science fair project materials in the Stupp Center. This year, for the first time, ten of Mrs. Cooper’s students entered the Monsanto-St. Louis Post-Dispatch Science Fair at Queeny Park, and eight of the students won ribbons. One of the eight winners, eighth grader Mark Feldhaus, also won a first prize for his project “Achoo: Air Pollution and You” in the Mis- souri Junior Academy of Science regional competition held at Maryville College in April. His achievement on the regional level took him to the statewide competition at Joplin, Missouri later that month. This is an extraordinary accomplishment for any school,” said Pam Pirio, who worked closely with Mrs. Cooper. “Vera is a dedicated teacher who goes beyond the extra mile for her students.” Girl Scout Badge Program The River Bluffs Girl Scout Council of Illinois also utilizes the Center. Mary Griggs, pro- gram director, is working with Pam Pirio to develop a project based on the Garden Explorer. This is a series of worksheets published by the Garden, which leads children around the Gar- den grounds and introduces them to concepts in science and biology. After spending the day at the Garden completing the worksheets, the scouts will earn a badge. Outdoor Classrooms Pirio is also working with St. Patrick’s School in Wentzville to establish an outdoor nature study facility on the school grounds. With the help of the Missouri Conservation Department, school officials hope to develop a model program using outdoor resources to supple- ment classroom study. Another area school hopes to utilize a pond on its grounds where migrating birds gather. Teacher Training One of the most important goals of the Center is to train teachers to be even more effective in the classroom. The Center is in a unique position to serve as a link between science and education professionals, using the resources and expertise of the Garden to enrich education in the community. Currently the Center is developing a special collection of information and a curriculum on the tropical rain forest. The Stupp Teacher Resource Center is funded by the Norman J. Stupp Foundation. Contributions are welcome, and donations have been received recently in memory of Dr. Lawrence J. Pirio and Jerry Gers, a former volunteer at the Garden. Garden Guides Elect New Officers The Garden Guides have elected new officers for 1989-90. Audrey Allen and Helen Kuehling are co-chairmen; Roberta Dearing is secretary-treasurer; and Florence Hoey will schedule tours. The Garden Guides gave tours to 14,000 children and adults in 1988. There are currently 60 active guides, and 33 guides each gave more than 100 hours of service last year. The Guides celebrated their 20th anniversary in 1988, and are continuing their tradition of serving the Garden and its visitors with friendly, educational and entertaining tours. 4, eD In July, the Garden hosted the Minister of Higher Education of Madagas- car, along with the Ambassador of Madagascar to the United States and the head of the Department of Natural His- tory at Madagascar’s Tsimbazaza Botani- cal and Zoological Park. His Excellency Ignace Rakoto, Minister of Higher Education, Ambas- sador Léon Rajaobelina, and Dr. Voara Randrianasolo met with director Peter H. Raven and other Garden researchers to review progress under the 1983 collabora- tive agreement the Government holds with the Garden, and to discuss plans for future cooperation. The Garden provides assistance to the Government and scien- tists of Madagascar in studying and con- serving the island’s natural resources. During the visit the officials signed an agreement that marks the official endorsement by the Ministry of a Master Plan for Tsimbazaza Park. The plan was developed by the Park’s Department of Natural History, with the Garden’s assist- ance. The agreement included a commit- ment on the part of the Garden to assist the Park in obtaining the resources neces- sary to achieve the goals of the plan. Tsimbazaza Park is located in the capi- tal city of Antananarivo, and is one of Madagascar’s most popular cultural attractions. It is the island’s only botanical and zoological park. The Master Plan emphasizes conservation education and RK ES EA: C A (Left to right): Voara Randrianasolo; Enrique Forero, director of research at the Garden; Léon Rajaobelina; Ignace Rakoto; Peter Raven; Porter P. Lowry II. MADAGASCAR OFFICIALS Visit GARDEN the display of native plants and animals. “This plan will provide a framework for helping the park to become a world-class institution,” said Dr. Porter P. Lowry II, the Garden's coordinator of the Madagas- car Research Program. The Garden began working in Mada- gascar in 1972. Since the collaborative agreement was signed in 1983, Garden researchers have been conducting basic research and exploration of the island’s poorly known flora and establishing a comprehensive database of the plants of Madagascar. They also train and assist Malagasy botanists in modern research techniques and participate in conserva- tion programs throughout the country. PY? R&R * OD * F shee > * 8 PorTER P. Lowry IT Assistant Curator Dr. Porter P. Lowry II, assistant curator and coordinator of the Madagas- car Research and Conservation Pro- gram at the Garden, has arranged a working situation most people would envy: while he takes frequent trips to Madagascar, he lives in Paris with his French wife Héléne Le Dantec-Lowry and their son Simon, and even manages to visit the Garden twice a year. DiVIS10ON- ae WS Lowry’s affiliation with the Garden began in 1981, when he was a graduate student at Washington University. He began working in the Madagascar pro- gram after receiving his Ph.D. in plant systematics in 1986. Working with Lowry in Madagascar is Dr. George E. Schatz, the Garden’s resident research botanist. Madagascar, the world’s fourth largest island, is slightly smaller than the state of Texas, yet it is very impor- tant botanically. Some 10,000 species of plants occur in Madagascar as com- pared to no more than 18,000 for the entire continental United States. Three- quarters of the island’s plants are found nowhere else on earth; many of them have never been seen or studied by botanists. But Madagascar’s lush rain forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate as the growing population struggles to survive. “The fact that Madagascar has such a tremendous level of plant and animal diversity, coupled with the intense threat the country’s native habitats are now facing, makes Madagascar one of the world’s top con- servation priorities,’ says Lowry. (See the Bulletin, March-April, 1989.) Lowry and Schatz work closely with local Malagasy scientists. “Collabora- tion with our local counterparts is an integral part of all of our activities,” he explains. “Our ultimate goal is to help provide them with the resources they will need to carry on the study and pro- tection of their natural heritage.” 3 We Porter P. Lowry II 3s SL — i PS Above: Shown at a meeting at Tower Grove House are (left to right) Mrs. Joseph H. Bascom (Betty); Mrs. Sydney Shoenberg, Jr. (Jimmie); Mrs. John Macrae, Jr. (Jane); Mrs. John Hayward (Cynthia); Mrs. Edward L. Bakewell, Jr. (Jean). Above, right: Signing the proclamation of Sunday at the Garden, May, 1969 (left to right): Mrs. Jason Alfring; Mayor A. J. Cervantes; Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr., president of the Board of Trustees; and Mrs. Guy Oliver. i200 IN 1939, the Missouri Botanical Garden was in a time of transition. The Trustees, then in their fiftieth year of oper- ating the Garden following the death of Garden founder Henry Shaw in 1889, faced severe financial problems. Shaw’s bequest had been adequate a half-century earlier, but the Depression and the necessity of caring for aging facilities had drained the Garden’s reserves. Those difficulties meant the Trustees had to cut back on staff and decrease services. It also meant they had to delay opening the Arboretum, which then consisted of 1,300 acres near Gray Summit, Missouri. The Trustees had pur- chased the land in the 1920s with the intention of moving the Garden there after severe pollution in the city of St. Louis started killing the plants, many of them rare and valuable. The move became unnecessary after the city passed a smoke abatement ordinance and conditions improved, but the Trustees decided, nonetheless, to develop the Arbore- tum as an annex to the Garden. But the project was repeat- edly set aside because of lack of funds. In 1939, the Trustees hit upon the plan to develop the Arboretum as the Garden’s 50th anniversary project. At their March meeting, they decided part of the money could come through the establishment of a fund to be called “Friends of the Garden.” The Friends, which solicited gifts of any size from a wide range of contributors, was the first fund of its kind in St. Louis. It was considered an experiment, and the Trustees were encouraged by the enthusiastic response. The Friends received $25,000 for the development of the Arboretum, a Angus Ford playing 4" the bagpipes out- side the Ambas- sador Theatre at the premiere of “My Fair Lady.” At right: John I ‘ a | . Missouri BOTANICAL CARDEN 1989 Years of Membership substantial amount given the day and the circumstances—a sum equivalent to almost $200,000 today. It was sufficient, taken with contributions from other sources, that the Trus- tees were able to open the Arboretum in 1941. Although the “Friends of the Garden” began as a fund, it soon evolved into a membership organization. By 1946 the Bulletin referred to the Friends as a “group,” and Friends were receiving the Bulletin as a benefit of their enrollment. The Garden continued to encourage the support of the com- munity, and succeeded, in part due to the efforts of Dudley French, a Garden Trustee since 1937. In the mid-1950s French was instrumental in expanding the Friends’ organi- zation, and by 1960 an executive board was formed, with a secretary to the Friends listed on the Garden staff. Over the years, the Friends has included or absorbed a succession of different groups, often simultaneously. Some of these were the Arboretum Improvement Fund Commit- tee, the Friends of the Garden Fund, the Women’s Commit- tee of Shaw’s Garden, the Women’s Association of Shaw’s Garden, Women’s Executive Board of the Friends, the Women’s Executive Board of the Members, and, finally, the Executive Board of the Members. Regardless of the name by which the organization was known, its purpose has remained the same throughout the 50 years—to serve the Garden diligently and to help the Trustees carry out the mission Henry Shaw established in his Will in 1889: ‘... having for the use of the public a Botanical gar- den...and to preserve the same to the use and enjoyment of the public for all time.” i 1 (OK SA Se Se aS Above: The Members’ premiere of the 1970 Orchid Show in the old Floral Display House. Below: Carriage rides to Tower Grove Park were a high- light of the 50th anniversary celebration, July 23, 1989. s# Pat mee SEeees ame) ese T The Friends has always attracted wide-spread and solid support from the people of St. Louis. The Federated Gar- den Clubs of Missouri adopted the Friends as a pet project in 1939; seven years later, the 45 St. Louis area Kiwanis Clubs raised money for the Friends. In 1946, the group had 800 members; today the total is over 24,000. Throughout its history, the organization has fostered and supported many significant programs at the Garden. There was the spectacular “Christmas at Tower Grove House” in 1956; the fabulous ‘Holiday Historique” the following November, featuring a miniature Mayflower; the flower show with Liberace for the Garden's centennial in 1959, and the gala opening of the Climatron in 1960. Five years later, there was a dinner and champagne party to celebrate the premiere performance of the Oscar-winning film My Fair Lady and, in 1973, the “Bal Orientale”, an extravaganza that helped raise funds for the Japanese Garden. In 1971, the Friends’ Board was renamed “The Women’s Executive Board of the Members” to reflect that the Gar- den has always belonged to the public. In 1979, when the Garden was looking for funds for educational facilities in the new visitor/education building (now the Ridgway Center), the Members’ Board devised the idea of collecting signatures for incorporation in a wall hanging; it was a very successful effort. In addition, the Members have worked hard to support the renovation of the Climatron, to help the Garden in its successful campaign for tax support, and by volunteering as researchers, clerks, Master Gardeners, guides and teachers. In 1988, volunteers contributed 67,681 hours of service to the Garden. On July 23, 1989, more than 4,000 Members and guests came to the Garden to celebrate Henry Shaw’s 189th birthday and 50 years of Garden membership. It is difficult to quantify the enormous effect the Mem- bers have had on the Garden over the past 50 years. In fact, there is not a corner of the Garden, not a single one of its services that has not been touched, in some palpable and positive way, by its Members. The Garden—and the community—are richer beyond measure for them. = (Condensed from a detailed history of the Membership program compiled by Mrs. Landon Jones and Geraldine Epp Smith, which is now held in the Missoun Botanical Garden Archives.) Preservation Project As part of the Garden’s on-going program to maintain its sculpture collection, conservators from Washington University Technology Associates, Inc. (WUTA) recently replaced missing fingers and toes on the marble Victory fig- ure. WUTA has worked with the Garden for many years to maintain the sculptures on the grounds, including routine cleaning and preventive maintenance. To restore Victory’s fingers and toes, architectural con- servator Theresa Callahan visited the Garden in June to make clay models of the missing pieces. The models were made to resemble Victory’s existing carving; Callahan also used photographs of previous restoration work on the statue. WUTA technicians made rubber urethane molds from the clay models, and cast the pieces in polyester resin | mixed with marble dust and white pigment to match the | existing stone. After the Victory was carefully cleaned, the new fingers and toes were invisibly attached with stainless steel and brass reinforcing pins and polyester adhesive. Victory, carved in marble in 1885 by Carlo Nicoli, is a copy of a statue in the Pitti Palace. Commissioned by Henry Shaw and installed at the Garden in 1887, it bears the inscription “The Victory of Science over Ignorance”. The statue stands in the limestone and glass building just north of the Shaw Mausoleum, and is a highlight of the Garden's sculptural treasures. Conservators from WUTA attached Victory’s new fingers in mid-July. i Pasi | HO: GARDENING M:E CHOOSING A PERFECT TREE by Steven D. Cline, Ph.D. This article ts the first written for the Bulletin by Steven D. Cline, who came to the Garden this year as manager of the Center for Home Gardening. Dr. Cline was introduced in the May/June 1989 Bulletin. My fifth grade class attended an out- door Conservation Day and all the kids were given a tiny evergreen seedling in a paper cup. 25 years later, after surviving extremes of a northern climate, mis- guided lawnmowers, constant shade for 15 years, waterlogged soil and one crude transplantation, this Colorado Blue Spruce is the pride and joy of my parents’ front yard. It must be the perfect tree. ‘PERFECTION’ Almost everyone wants an ornamental tree around their property to make it more attractive. Yet few of us realize that trees also increase land value by an aver- age of 10 to 15 percent. Trees decrease cooling costs by as much as 60 percent, screen objects, accent garden views, absorb noise, secure privacy, freshen the Secu atmosphere and prevent soil erosion. The perfect tree can do all this, while enduring temperature extremes from —20° to 105°F, and drought like the summer of 1988. When choosing the perfect tree, you should consider its eye appeal, ability to provide shade, and possible use as hedge or border. What are its foliage and flower colors, seed and fruit production, wood strength, height and width at maturity, light and wind exposure, soil, water and drainage requirements? And if that’s not enough, make your choice fast growing and free of insect and disease problems. Sounds like a tall order. SELECTION To help simplify matters, a few trees should be avoided altogether. Box elder, cottonwood, tree-of-heaven, mimosa and black cherry have very brittle wood that can create a public hazard. Mulberry, per- simmon and female ginkgo produce very soft fruits that stain, make the sidewalk slippery, have an unpleasant smell or attract insects. A number of other trees are not popular because of objectionable seed pods, exfoliating bark or prominent insect and disease problems. We're all familiar with the selections of Desirable Trees for the Midwestern Climate oaks, maples and ashes that are widely planted in St. Louis. The table below suggests some less familiar trees with excellent characteristics for our Mid- western climate. WHERE AND WHEN TO PLANT TREES The most common mistake is to plant the right tree in the wrong place. It is diffi- cult to know how large your selection will be at maturity, especially if you are start- ing with a two-foot seedling. Generally, medium sized trees should go no less than 15 feet from a building foundation. This distance should be doubled for larger shade trees. Avoid plant areas with over- head wires, stay at least five feet away from walks and low retaining walls, and move away from underground pipes. The best time to plant a tree depends upon the type of nursery stock you pur- chase. Bare-rooted trees should be planted in the fall after leaves drop or before they have broken dormancy in the spring. Trees that come balled and burlapped can be planted anytime during the year. If planted in the fall (September- October) when soil temperatures are 60° to 70°F, new root growth will have time to get established and will support the plant during the winter. Container-grown plants are even more tolerant of planting sched- ules, provided they have a good fibrous root system. Broad-leaved evergreens are usually transplanted in the spring. Ever- greens In general are moved earlier in the fall and later in the spring than deciduous plants. Common Name Height Shape Growth Light Moisture Comments (Botanical Name) in Feet Rate Needed Needed Amur Cork Tree Pest free, almost any soil, low maintenance, drought (Phellodendron amurense) 30’ Spreading Fast Sun Dry resistant, good city tree European Hornbeam Dry to Pest free, low maintenance, good for screens & tall (Carpinus betulus) ao. Fastigate Slow Sun Moist hedges, tolerates acid & alkaline soils; ‘Fastigiatia’ Japanese Pagoda Tree Medium Medium Flowers July-August, good city tree, handsome foliage; (Sophora japonica) 50' Spreading to Fast Sun to Moist ‘Regent’ Sorrel tree (sourwood) Sun to Moist Summer-flowering tree with fall color; best in deep, slightly (Oxydendrum arboreum) 45’ Pyramidal Slow It. shade to Dry acidic soils; an excellent flowering tree Japanese Zelkova Vase Moist Good substitute for American Elm in form; drought resis- (Zelkova serrata) 60' Shaped Fast Sun to Wet tant; growth habit is unique; good fall color; ‘Village Green’ Ginkgo Broad Slow to Prefers deep soil but will tolerate any situation; no pests; (Ginkgo biloba) 100’ oval Medium Sun Medium brilliant yellow fall color; avoid female trees Yellowwood Sun to Tolerates many soil types and does well in alkaline soil; (Cladrastris kentuckea) 50' Globe Fast It.shade Moist drought resistant; good city tree; prune after flowering Japanese Tree Lilac Vase Beautiful bark; cherry colored; can be adapted for street (Syringa reticulata) 30' Shaped Medium Sun Moist tree; formerly S. amurensts ‘Japonica’ Kentucky Coffee-tree Broad Adaptable to wide range of growth conditions including (Gymnocladus dioicus) 60’ oval Medium Sun Medium alkaline soils, drought and city air; no pest problems Bald cypress Wet Soft appearance, tolerates wet and dry conditions; rela- (Taxodium distichum) 130' Pyramidal Medium Sun to Dry tively pest free, requires large space 8. nee About 600 species of oaks exist, scat- tered mostly around the Northern Hemisphere. North America, where oaks are the predominant trees over vast areas, is home to 80 species, Missouri to about 20, and the Missouri Botanical Gar- den to about 15 species (plus some youngsters in the nursery and a couple of hybrids). Many of the Garden’s most venerable trees are oaks. Oaks comprise about two-thirds of the oak family (Fagaceae), which also includes beeches, chestnuts, and some less familiar trees and shrubs. Members of the oak family characteristically form nuts associated with a bumpy to prickly cover (called a cupule) made up fun- damentally of numerous highly modified, tiny, leafy structures. In oaks the cupule is the scaly, bumpy, or fringed cap on the acorn. In beeches and chestnuts it is a spiny husk enclosing the nuts; in the lat- ter, the spines are branches and formida- bly needlelike. The strength, beauty, and durability of oak wood have been recognized since ancient times, and some ancient oak wood is still useful. That is, bog oak, which is prized for modern decorative carving, is pulled as well-preserved logs out of the British peat bogs. According to some interpretations, Caesar’s army dumped the logs there in 55 B.C. for exer- cise and to spite the local inhabitants. The woods of some oaks are water- proof—the water-conducting “‘veins” that let most woods leak are clogged with bal- loonlike growths called tyloses in wood from white oak (Quercus alba) and other species. Such self-caulked oak woods once became Roman aqueducts and more recently wound up in barrels and boats. English oak (Quercus robur—see one at the south end of the Lehmann Rose Gar- den) was the main shipbuilding material when British mariners ruled the waves. Entire English oak trunks were needed for the main beams of ships and, not sur- prisingly, big English oaks became pre- cious in England, especially those free of the fungal infections that often afflict big trees. Fungi on the living tree continued to grow and weaken the wood after the tree became part of a ship. A sailor once sank such an enfeebled ship with the punch of his fist, or so the story goes. Oak still has a place in vessels of explora- tion: Chinese scientists made heat shields for space reentry vehicles from oak. Are acorns edible? Marginally, after treatment. American Indians powdered acorns and buried the resultant meal in sandy stream bottoms to wash it free of bitter contents. They ate the acorn meal along with the sand, with unfortunate dental consequences. In the spring you may come across the flowers, which are tiny, inconspicuous, and pollinated by the wind. The male flowers are arranged in long, dangling clusters called catkins. The female flowers are in small, scaly clusters with the pollen-catching stigmas extending antennalike from among the scales. Among the most spectacular oaks at the Garden are three trees growing glori- ously in the open: a large shumard oak (Quercus shumardi1) just south of the Museum Building; a splendid bur oak (Q. macrocarpa), with jumbo acorns in the lawn south of the Woodland Garden; and a scarlet oak (Q. coccinea) in the Daylily Garden. Having unoaklike strap-shaped leaves, a willow oak (Q. phellos) is north of the Lehmann Building. All of these are Missouri natives. For an exotic experi- ence, wander northwest of the Lehmann Rose Garden and find two Asian sawtooth oaks (Q. acutissima), and find their frilly acorn caps in the fall. Exploring the Garden makes learning the native Missouri oaks easy, and once you know them, you will feel familiar with half the trees you see in town or in the forest. —George Rogers, Ph.D. (Above, left to right): Acorn with cap from bur oak Quercus macrocarpa; husk from beech nut Fagus sylvatica; and chestnut bur, Castanea dentata, (nuts within). Margaret Dykens ts thanked for the superb illustrations. Shumard oak (Quercus shumardu) UPDATE: As of July 31, 1989 the Garden’s capital campaign has raised $15,230,332 in gifts and pledges. The renovation of Flora Gate got underway this summer. The Missouri Botanical Garden's Board of Trustees has announced addi- tional plans to strengthen visitor services by upgrading a group of key facilities. These improvements will be funded by increasing the goal of the current capital drive, the Campaign for the Garden, to $18 million. ‘We have a pressing need to ensure a that the Garden’s facilities are maintained at the highest level,” said Robert E. Kresko, President of the Board and Chairman of the Campaign. “We have a large and diverse campus, and more than half of our structures are of an historic, irreplaceable nature. Several years ago, we thoroughly analyzed the Garden's cap- ital needs and developed an extensive list FANNIE MAY IS HONORED: A reception was held at the Garden on July 18, 1989, honoring the Fannie May Candies Foundation for its community involvement and many fine contri- butions to non-profit institutions in St. Louis and Missouri. For the fourth year, Fannie May Candies Foundation is sponsoring the Garden’s 15th annual Japanese Festival, August 26-September 4. Shown at the reception, left to right (back row): Martha Morrow; Richard Cassin; Alan W. Petrik; Richard M. Peritz, vice president, Fannie May Candies Foundation; Mark Mesenbrink; Peter H. Raven; John E. Hughes, president, Fannie May Candies Founda- tion. (Front row, left to right): Sandy Ventimiglia; Jean Mathes; Tamra Raven; Mary Alice Ciampa; Jean D. Thorne, executive director, Fannie May Candies Foundation. of necessary maintenance and improve- ments. Correspondingly, we must work to attract ongoing support for the care of these facilities and the programs they make available to increasing numbers of visitors each year.” Kresko said the gratifying response to the capital drive thus far has created a welcome opportunity to expand the origi- nal $16 million goal: “We are still working with a number of individuals and organiza- tions to obtain commitments. This, cou- pled with our important needs, has encouraged us to set our sights higher.” Completion of the fund raising effort has been rescheduled for December 31, 1990. The additional improvements are: —The renovation of Flora Gate, the Gar- den’s historic original entryway, for use by groups; —The lakeshore stabilization program undertaken two years ago for the Jap- anese Garden, a major attraction; —The recent expansion of the Garden Gate Shop's book section; —The purchase of a tram for visitor tours; and —lInitial design costs for a major new dis- play area to feature the Garden’s box- wood collection. These items join the campaign’s origi- nal components: the renovation of the landmark Climatron and new construction of a Temperate House, an Interpretive Center on the Tropics, the Visitors’ Pavil- ion of the Center for Home Gardening, and production greenhouses. a Dr. Peter H. Raven (left), accepting the fifth contribution on Union Pacific Foundation’s $50,000 pledge toward the renovation of the John S. Lehmann Building from Kenneth Morrill, vice president for customer service, Union Pacific Railroad. Board of Trustees 1889-1989 September 10, 1989, marks the cen- tennial of the first official meeting of the Garden's Board of Trustees. Henry Shaw’s will named the individu- als who became the first Trustees (two died before Shaw). Shaw also appointed five ex officio Trustees to serve by virtue of their office: the Chancellor of Washing- ton University; the Bishop of the Epis- copal Church of the diocese of Missouri; the Presidents of the Public Schools and the Academy of Science of St. Louis; and the Mayor of St. Louis. In 1981 the Board added a new ex officio Trustee, the Presi- dent of St. Louis University, and in 1988 the Board added two ex officio Trustees, the Chancellor of the University of Mis- souri-St. Louis and the St. Louis County Executive. Shaw’s will also appointed Asa Gray of Harvard University and Spencer Baird, secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, as “honorary Trustees. ..in recognition of their scientific eminence and ability.’ Although Gray and Baird predeceased him, the courts have held that Shaw did in fact create two such positions, though they have never been filled. In honor of the centennial, the Board recently named two distinguished scientists to assume the position of Honorary Trustee: Profes- sor Phillippe Morat, director of the Laboratoire de Phanérogamie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; and Dr. Mildred Mathias, professor emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles. Their position as Honorary Trustees 1s distinct from Emeritus Trustees, who were referred to as “honorary” or “advi- sory” before 1981. The Garden salutes the men and women who have served with skill and dedication during the past century. Presidents of the Board of Trustees Lackland, Rufus J. 1889-1910 Kaime, David F. 1910 Whitaker, Edwards 1910-1926 Eliot, Edward C. 1926-1928 Hitchcock, George C. 1928-1947 Lockwood, Richard J. 1947-1953 Lehmann, John S. 1953-1958 Smith, Robert Brookings 1958-1962 Hitchcock, Henry 1962-1967 Wuertenbaecher, Harry E., Jr. 1967-1970 Whitehead, C. Powell 1970-1973 Bascom, Joseph H. 1973-1975 Smith, Tom K., Jr. 1975-1981 Spink, C. C. Johnson 1981-1984 Biggs, John H. 1984-1989 Kresko, Robert E. 1989- Missouri Botanical Garden Life, Term, and Current Ex Officio Trustees as of August 1, 1989 Baer Barksdale Barnett Bascom Biggs Biondi Blatherwick Blumeyer *Branch Brauer Breck Bush Campbell Carter Catlin * Collier Danforth Danforth Davis Davis Drake Eliot Engelmann Faust French Glaessner Goodson Green Hall Hayes Hefferman Hermann Hitchcock * Hitchcock Hitchcock Holland * Johnson Jones *Kaime Kemper Knight Kresko * Lackland Lasater Lehmann Lehmann Lockwood Loeb * Madill Maffitt ‘Maffitt Mallinckrodt Maritz Mathias Howard F. Clarence C. Dr. Marguerite Ross Joseph H. John H. Rev. Lawrence, S.J. Gerald D. Arthur A. Joseph W. Stephen F. Daniel William H. T. Jules D. L. Ray Daniel K. M. Dwight Donald, Jr. Dr. William H. Samuel C. Sam C. George S. Edward C. Dr. George J. Leicester Busch Dudley Oscar E. Richard A. Dr. John Dr. Thomas S. Samuel B. George F. Robert R. George C. Henry II Henry Leonard J. Dr. John B. Rt. Rev. Wm. A. David F. David W. Charles F. Robert E. Rufus J. Donald E. John S. Mrs. Anne L. Richard J. Stephen H. Judge George A. P. Chouteau Thomas S. Edward William E. Dr. Mildred E. 1959- (Emeritus 1980-) 1964- (Emeritus 1988-) 1988- 1971- (Emeritus 1989-) 1983- (Emeritus 1989-) 1987- 1988- 1928-1930 1889-1903 1988- 1927-1932 1982- 1970- 1928-1952 1926-1964 1889 1982 1971- 1920-1940 1960- (Emeritus 1977-) 1890-1895 1903-1928 1889-1895 1954-1979 (Emeritus 1973-79) 1937-1976 (Emeritus 1960-76) 1926 1965-1971 1896-1913 1982- (Emeritus 1983-) 1989- 1932-1934 1966- 1903-1947 1889-1902 1947- (Emeritus 1974-) 1965-1971 1889-1903 1975- 1889-1910 1987- 1985- 1981- 1889-1910 1968 1941-1967 Emeritus 1965-67) 1984- (Emeritus 1984-) 1941-1959 1982-1983 1889-1901 1914-1919 1922-1940 1915-1928 1980- 1989- (Honorary 1989-) Matthews McDonnell McNary Meyer Miller Moore Morat Morey Morse Norvell Oberheide Orthwein Otto Perkins Pettus *Pettus Pflager Piper Primm Roe Ross Ruwitch Sachs Scanlon Schlafly Schneiderman Schoemehl Shapleigh Shapleigh Shepley Shepley Shoenberg Smith Smith Smith Smith Spink Spoehrer Stern Switzer Taylor Thomas * Treat Ulnici Wagner Wallace West Whitaker Whitehead Wightman Wuertenbaecher *Yeatman Zeibig Leonard James S. III The Hon. Eugene A.C.F. Charles F. George T. Prof. Phillippe Richard Lucius B. III Saunders Mrs. Fred A. William R. Robert W. Albert T. Eugene William H.H. Henry B. Mrs. Vernon W. A. Timon III Charles A. Lucianna Gladney Joseph F. Louis S. Philip C. Daniel L. Dr. Howard A. The Hon. Vincent C. A. Wessel Warren McKinney Ethan A. H. John F. Sydney M., Jr. Dr. David S.H. Robert Brookings Tom K., Jr. Wayman F, Ill C. C. Johnson Mrs. Harriet Mrs. Walter G. R. W. Andrew C. Dr. Joyce M. Judge Samuel Gerald Stephen M. John K. Robert C. Edwards C. Powell O. Sage III Harry E., Jr. James E. Fred B. 1895-1923 1983- 1988- 1924-1928 1889-1891 1929-1954 1989- (Honorary 1989-) 1925-1927 1986- 1910-1915 1984- 1975 1958-1963 1926-1936 1932-1957 1889-1922 1955-1967 1981- 1964-1988 (Emeritus 1980-88) 1918-1925 1978- 1988- (Emeritus 1988-) 1980- (Emeritus 1985-) 1911-1931 1961-63, 1972- (Emeritus 1982-) 1981-1993 1981- 1936-1957 1958- (Emeritus 1985-) 1930-1954 1901-1929 1972- 1902-1925 1952-1963 (Emeritus 1981-) 1963-1964, 1967- (Emeritus 1988-) 1982 1974- 1985- (Emeritus 1985-) 1985- 1917-1918 1989- 1988- 1889-1890 1935 1926-1927 1982- 1981-1986 1902-1926 1965-1981 (Emeritus 1975-81) 1983- 1963- (Emeritus 1987-) 1889-1901 1928-1936 *Members of original Board of Trustees, 1889 ye SEPTEMBER W Missouri Botanical Garden [1 ® 1041 Q sarurpay : ontinued Children’s Day at the ena Japanese Festival Centennial Gala with 9:00 a.m. to 5 p.m., Ridgway Cen- Bobby Short ter and grounds. Events especially Reservations are required and a\ for children will take place through- | ability is limited. Call 577-9500 fc September- October 1989 out the day. Suzuki violinists from information. Suwa, Japan; storytellers, folk danc- e ; ; ers and magicians; origami, and fish Sponsored by Fannie May Candies Foundation printing. Free with regular Garden 1 17 SAT.-SUN SEPTEMBER 1-4/ Japanese Festival | “°°” 16. Garden Clubs Display 15th Annual Festival continues, 9 a.m. to 8 Noon to 5 p.m. Saturday; 9 a.m. wy | TUESDAY to 5p.m. Sunday, Ridgway Cent p.m. daily (until 10 p.m. on evenings with A display by the Greater St. Lou Candlelight Walks). “East Meets West”, with ‘ard Men’s Garden Clubs. Free with 2 Kabuki, music, Taiko drummers, exhibits of Winter Hours Begin regular Garden admission. 2 arts and crafts, and more! Funds for some 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, through Sun- By sgh ies . ; . day, May 27, 1990. The Garden is activities provided by the Missouri Arts closed Christmas Day. Council, a state agency. A complete schedule 18 MONDAY 2? of events is available at the ticket counter, or call 577-5198. Plant Clinic eens, id SATURDAY 9 a.m. to noon, Ridgway Center. Bring your ailing plants or just yc Brazilian Naive Art questions for free, expert hortic WALKING TOURS ; t 4:00 p.m. 9a.m.to5 p.m. daily through tural advice on gardening, house Now All Tours Begin sh ; day and Sunday at 1:00 p.m. October 8, Ridgway Center. A rep- plants, tree and lawn care. Free Join us every Tuesday, ees d . ‘Enjoy autumn foliage and resentative collection of 40 colorful, with resular Garden admission. d by Garden Guides. © dynamic paintings by eight recog- nized Brazilian artists. Sponsored by Partners of the Americas and the Tye Missouri Arts Council. Free with 19-21 THU regular Garden admission. for a tour led ee arn about architecture, 2 i erie pe Garden. Meet at the Ridgway Cen a . ; admission. Free with regular Garden admissi¢ ; ticulture - tory. sculpture and hor history, SCUP ticket counter. Fall Bulb Sale 9:00 a.m. to 7:30 p.m., Tuesday and Wednesday; 9:00 a.m. to 6:2 p.m. Thursday; Garden Gate Shc and Monsanto Hall. Members receive 20% off on all plants, gift and merchandise. Bulbs and har mums are on display in Monsant« Hall. Regular Garden admission. 23 SATURDAY Brazilian Cultural Day i I Noon to 5 p.m., Ridgway Center. Events for the entire family, inclu SEPTEMBER 14 / MEMBERS’ DAY OCTOBER 27 / MEMBERS’ DAY Be ong eee wear 7 : on Brazil. Free with regular Garc Tower Grove House Day Missouri Botanical Garden admission. 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., Tower Grove House and History” grounds. Enjoy a nostalgic day from another era. The Victorian charm of Tower Grove sambahaeiieds one Saini neshee 23-24 SAT.-SUN ; : . 1 p.m. and 7:30 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. House will be on display with house tours gu , se Dr. and Mrs. Raven will provide a fascinating Garden Clubs of America Shov throughout the day. Tea and cookies, informal ; eaideliawal Viel oren asin ue end look at Garden history. Tickets are free to 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Orthwein sities, Mise tog Miaeaiete nil No Members, and will be available at the Ridgway Floral Display Hall. A display by a nce Center ticket counter on Wednesday, October several of America’s garden clubs reservations required. See flyer mailed recently 25 Seating is limited Free with regular Garden to all Members. oean ener admission. TUSE S DAY aritable Giving Seminar 0 a.m., Garden Room, Ridgway nter. One of a series of seminars ered as a service to Members by - Planned Giving program. An ate planning specialist discusses ir-end tax planning. Reservations required. Free. See page 19. ERI DALY rdens and Parks of the rid Lecture Series .m., Shoenberg Auditorium. A ‘jes of slide lectures on famous dens and parks around the world, noted experts. (Topics to be 1ounced.) Admission at the door: 50 Members, $2 non-members. ) THURSDAY jwers from the yal Gardens of Kew: o Centuries of Curtis’s tanical Magazine .m. to 5 p.m. daily through vember 26, Ridgway Center. A ebration of the 200th anniversary THIS FALL AT ff 4 4 i LA ZZ: ice + Photographs by William Davit, Staff Naturalist SHAW of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, featuring works rarely seen by the public. These illustrations, from the 18th to the 20th century, combine beauty and scientific accuracy and were selected from the Royal Botanic Garden’s collection of more than 100,000. Free with regular Garden admission. 13 FRIDAY Gardens and Parks of the World Lecture Series 7 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. (Topic to be announced.) See October 6 for details. 14 SATURDAY Seeking the Reasonable Compromise 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., Ridgway Center. A symposium on environmental and development issues in the Third World, sponsored by the Garden with the University of Missouri- St. Louis and the Greater St. Louis Returned Peace Corps Council. $15 for Members, $20 non-members, $10 for students. Call 577-5140 for a program flyer. ARBORETUM The Autumn Prairie ER comMING IN NOVEMP AY PREVIEW SALE poner 1-3 / Garden Gate Shop ’ Watch your mail for details. LOWER SHOW pot 3 / Members Preview ious array 0 j Center. A glorious arrey © pana dona seasonal blooms In a setting iC nd £ Old Sturbridge Village. Music, Sapient Burberry of Plaza Frontenac. va ; \ arded as an attendance prize. O tch your mail for details. - reminiscent 0 fashions from raincoat will be aw Members only; wa 14-15 SAT.-SUN. Gesneriad Society Show Noon to 5 p.m. Saturday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday, Ridgway Center. A display of plants from the family that includes the African Violet. Free with regular Garden admission. 19 THURSDAY Gardens and Parks of the World Lecture Series 7 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. (Topic to be announced.) See October 6 for details. finches, which flock to feed on them and speed away in undulating flight at a hiker’s approach. Dewy spiders’ webs, suspended from the tall grasses, inspire early morning photographers in September. At sunset, the view from the observation deck at the top of the hill always induces a mellow mood. Later afternoon sunlight enhances the warm colors of the native grasses while insects buzz lazily among the sun- flowers, goldenrods and asters. Come explore all the trails at the Arboretum. The grounds are open from 7 With the return of cooler weather, Shaw Arboretum is an inviting place for a brisk autumn hike or a long, leisurely ramble. Turning leaves, ripening fruits, seedpods and late-blooming wildflowers color the twelve miles of trails through woodlands, meadows and prairie. The prairie trail is particularly appeal- ing in September and October. The native grasses reach their full height in August and gradually turn color in the fall to muted shades of gold, brown and wine red. Bright crimson sumac leaves and tall Maximilian sunflowers splash color throughout the prairie. Later, the sun- flower seedheads are irresistible to gold- a.m. until half an hour past sunset, every day. The loop road is open to vehicles on Wednesdays and Thursdays, through November 9. The Wilderness Wagon again will provide narrated tours of the Arboretum on Sundays, September 10 through October 5. —Joyce Davit, Arboretum Staff 13. = Ask the Answer Service Moonflowers and Mums Do you have a plant question? Call the Horticultural Answer Service, Monday through Saturday, 9 a.m. to noon, at 577-5143. Q. My Southern Belle rose mallow grew very well this year in my garden. How should I care for it now? Is it hardy? A. The Southern Belle hybrid, Hibiscus moscheutos, is hardy outdoors here in the St. Louis area, but should receive a light mulch after the ground freezes later this fall. When frost blackens the stems, cut them back close to the ground. Leave a few stems a little long to serve as location markers for next spring. Southern Belle is one of the last peren- nials to begin to grow in spring and the long stems are a reminder that the plant is not dead, just tardy. Q. I like the idea of starting herb seeds in late summer to provide young plants for indoor use in win- ter. However, | find parsley seed to be exasperating! Do you have any tips on how to get parsley to sprout any faster? A. There is no getting around the fact that parsley is a real slowpoke when it comes to sprouting. Parsley seed con- tains compounds that actually inhibit ger- mination, expecially in the presence of sunlight. For this reason always be sure to cover your seed with 4 to 1 inch of soil when you sow parsley. Prechilling the seed for several days in the refrigerator may also aid sprouting. Most important, always soak parsley seed overnight before planting. Some of the seeds’ germination- inhibiting compounds are water soluble and will dissolve, allowing faster sprout- ing. Of course, be sure you discard the water used for soaking the seeds. Q. I’m enjoying the blooms on my hardy chrysanthemums, and I'd like to keep them for next year. What is the best way to help them survive the winter? A. Some mums are hardier than others. In order to ensure their survival over the winter, cut the foliage down and dig the plants up after they finish bloom- ing. Replant your mums in a cold frame and cover them with a loose blanket of leaves or straw. Lacking a cold frame, wait until the ground freezes, cut your mums back, and cover them lightly with an inch or two of straw. Apply this mulch loosely to avoid smothering the plants. It is crucial that the dormant mums spend the winter in a well-drained site, as heavy soils and overly wet conditions spell trouble. Q. My Moonflower was covered with flowers each evening this sum- mer. Willits seeds be the same as the parent plant? Can the seeds be saved for next year? A. Moonflower (Jpomoea alba) seeds can be saved and will reproduce true to form. The Moonflower vine presents gardeners with a dilemma. It requires a long growing season to produce viable seeds and it is often mid-summer before these plants even begin to bloom, much less ripen seeds. Since you grow Moon- flowers for their delightfully scented blos- soms, it is best to keep the seed pods picked off to maximize flower production and purchase fresh seeds each spring. Q. I grew vegetables this summer for the first time and really enjoyed myself. Is there anything that I can do now to improve my crop next year? A. Vegetables are only as good as the soil they are growing in, and autumn pro- vides abundant opportunities for improv- ing the soil. Till all your disease-free and pest-free crop residues into the ground, including summer mulches. If any com- post is available, till it in also. Sow a cover crop of annual rye grass or field (grain) rye. The shield provided by cover crops prevents winter soil erosion and provides the easiest means of adding large amounts of organic matter to the land. And if you haven't already done so, set aside a storage area near your garden where you can stockpile autumn leaves and other organic matter for use in next years’ compost. Q. Should I mulch my newly planted spring bulbs as soon as I plant them? A. It is a good idea to mulch newly planted bulbs, but this should be delayed until the ground crusts over with frost. Mulches have a number of benefits. They make garden areas look attractive and well kept. By controlling weeds, they also make the garden easier to maintain. Moisture conservation is an added bonus, but perhaps one of the greatest advan- tages of mulch is insulation. Our winter weather inevitably fluctuates between freezes and thaws. During the thaws bulb foliage often begins to grow prematurely. By mulching your bulbs after the ground freezes you will modify the shifts in soil temperature levels lessen the damage to the bulb foliage as the winter progresses. TIMELY TIPS ¢ Peonies can be cut back and divided anytime in September. Discard the foliage, to reduce the risk of spreading disease. When replanting the roots, choose a well-drained, sunny site that has been enriched with a generous amount of organic matter. Set the roots so the growth “eyes” are just slightly below the finished grade. e Plant spring bulbs as soon as they are available. Tulips should not be planted until soil temperatures drop in late October or November. e Mid-September through mid-October is an excellent time for reworking lawns. Kill weeds, mow, rake, dethatch, aerate, and seed bare spots. Turf-type tall fescues work best in the St. Louis area. e Established lawns should receive moderate fertilization in September and again in October. e Spring flowering perennials can be divided at this time. ¢ Houseplants should be moved back indoors by mid-September. e Fall is an excellent time for planting trees, shrubs and evergreens. Be sure to water and mulch well to promote rapid establishment. e Pumpkins are ready for harvest when the skin is hard and the color has dar- kened. For best storage, always harvest with an inch or two of stem attached. —Chip Tynan, The Answer Service meOM THE MEMBERSHIP OF Pics 50-YEAR MEMBERS ARE HONORED: A luncheon at the Garden on July 21, 1989, paid tribute to 50 years of Garden membership by honoring some of the individuals who have been Members since the beginnings of the membership program. (Standing, left to right): Jack Eidelman; Elinor Eidelman; Mrs. Thomas MacDermott; Mrs. Bernard Blomberg; Florence Morris Forbes. (Seated, left to right): Mrs. James Canavan; Mr. James Canavan; Grace Richardson; Ruth Richardson; Elfridea Pistrui and Charles Pistrui. Not pictured: Mr. and Mrs. H. Lee Schnure, Jr. be o SA « 4 2 ; ALS Te i b tle ans oe * j . 'y “ ’ ~~ CENTENNIAL VISIT: As a highlight of the Garden’s May tour of England in honor of the Centennial of the Board of Trustees, the group visited Sheffield, birthplace of Henry Shaw. At the Sheffield Botanical Garden, the Lord Mayor of Sheffield, Phyllis Smith, and Dr. Peter H. Raven, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, unveiled a bronze plaque and planted a tree in honor of Henry Shaw. The tree is an elm, specially developed in Wisconsin to resist Dutch Elm disease. 1990 Travel Program: Ireland in the Spring Members will have the opportunity to tour “Castles and Gardens of Ireland” next May. Watch for details on this marvelous trip! Gr cork Famous-Barr Benefits the Garden Through the sponsorship of Famous- Barr Company, the Garden will celebrate the 100th Anniversary of its Board of Trustees on Saturday, September 9. The Board of Trustees will be honored guests at the black-tie benefit, “Encore!” The evening will begin with cocktails at 6:30 p.m., followed by dinner at 8 p.m. The legendary Bobby Short will provide the evening’s entertainment, with the Ritz providing dance music. “The generosity of Famous-Barr has made it possible to bring Bobby Short, the nation’s most celebrated cabaret per- former, to the Garden,” said Ellen Dubinsky, president of the Members’ Board. “Bobby Short performed at the Garden benefit in 1983 and was truly delighted to be asked to return,” said Dubinsky. “Everyone is looking forward to his ‘Encore’. ” Robert Friedman, president of Famous-Barr Company, stated that Famous-Barr has long demonstrated strong support and sponsorship of civic, non-profit organizations’ events such as the Garden celebration. “St. Louis is a wonderful city whose cultural institutions are a source of pride for all its citizens,” said Friedman. For benefit details, call 577-9500. 1990 Members’ Garden Tour Next June, Members will again be invited to tour some of the most beautiful private gardens in St. Louis. The Mem- bers’ Board is in the process of identifying spectacular St. Louis area gardens for the 1990 Garden Tour and would appreciate your help! If you know of a “very special” garden, please call Brenda Banjak, Mem- bership Coordinator, at 577-9517. RESEARCH DIVISION NEWS Lene FORERO VISITS FIELD STATIONS Dr. Enrique Forero, the Garden’s director of research, has begun a series of visits to the field stations the Garden maintains in various tropical countries around the world. In recent months he has traveled to Costa Rica, Madagascar, Tanzania and Ecuador, and he plans trips to Bolivia and Panama soon. In each loca- tion Forero observes the work of Garden scientists and confers with local officials about current and future cooperative projects. “Learning first hand about our field programs is one of my highest priorities,” Forero said. “These visits help me to gain an appreciation of the difficulties our researchers deal with so successfully. Getting to know these dynamic scientists better gives me an enormous apprecia- tion of their achievements. Their devotion and enthusiasm are contagious!” Costa Rica In Costa Rica, which Forero visited in early March, Dr. Michael Grayum and Dr. Barry Hammel coordinate a collaborative project with the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica to prepare a Manual of the Flora of the country, with support from the U. S. National Science Foundation. Dr. William Haber, the third Garden scientist in Costa Rica, is doing research at Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. Forero traveled with Grayum to visit La Selva Biological Station and Guanacaste National Park. Madagascar During early May, Forero spent ten days in Madagascar, with Dr. Porter P. Lowry II and Dr. George E. Schatz. Roy Gereau, another Garden botanist, was also. in Madagascar carrying out an environmental impact study under con- tract with QIT, a Canadian mining company. Forero visited the Parc de Tsim- bazaza in Antananarivo, the country’s capi- tal, and traveled with Lowry and Schatz to visit two projects, Nosy Mangabe, and the Masoala Peninsula Research and Conser- vation Project. (See the Bulletin, September-October 1988.) Forero was able to admire the rich local flora and to compare it with the flora of the American tropics with which he is most familiar. Forero, Schatz and Lowry collected sev- eral exciting plant specimens, including samples from a couple of 70-foot trees, thanks to Schatz’ skill as a tree climber. (For more on the Garden’s program in Madagascar, see page 5.) Tanzania Forero’s next stop, before returning to St. Louis, was the east African country of Tanzania, where Jon Lovett is the Gar- den’s resident botanist. Lovett’s knowl- edge of the vegetation of Tanzania is nationally and internationally recognized. (See the Bulletin, March-April 1987.) Lovett has spent ten years of his life col- lecting and studying the plants of Tanza- nia. In addition to being involved in several research and conservation projects, he is currently collecting plant material for screening by the U.S. National Cancer Institute as part of an on-going contract that has included collecting efforts by other Garden botanists in Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Gabon. A nine-hour drive from Dar-es-Salaam to the Garden’s field station in Mufindi was the highlight of the visit to Tanzania, taking Forero and Lovett through a variety of vegetation in this botanically rich coun- try. They drove through a national park where elephants, zebras, giraffes and other wild animals stood idly by the road, or imperturbably walked across it. Ecuador After a few hectic weeks in St. Louis, Forero was again on his way in early June. This time he visited the field station in Ecuador, where two Garden scientists, Dr. Calaway Dodson and Dr. David Neill, have established one of the Garden's most active and successful field programs. Cur- rently they supervise four field teams who work mainly in Eastern Ecuador. In addition, Dodson carries out research on the orchid family (Orchidaceae) both in Ecuador and in neighboring Colombia, and concentrates his field work in the western part of Ecuador. Dodson and Neill have established two research cen- ters, The Rio Palenque Science Center in the lowlands of western Ecuador, and Jatun Sacha Biological Station on the Amazonian side of the Andes. Forero’s visit included discussions with local officials regarding the recently approved debt swap for nature (see the Bulletin, July-August 1989). In three very busy days, Neill, Dodson and Forero par- ticipated in a number of meetings involv- ing government officials, representatives from universities, conservation organiza- tions, the US-Agency for International Development, the Ecuadorian Museum of Natural History, and oil company executives. A visit to Jatun Sacha had to be cancelled due to the poor state of the roads resulting from heavy rains. How- ever, a two-day trip to Rio Palenque Sci- ence Center, where one of the last remnants of tropical forests in western Ecuador is being protected, was a high- light of Forero’s week-long stay in Ecua- dor. The highway leading to Rio Palenque is in very good condition, and the forest is spectacular. Summarizing his travels, Forero concluded, “It is largely thanks to the combined activities of field-based and St. Louis-based scientists and support staff, under the leadership of Peter Raven, that the Missouri Botanical Gar- den’s program of research, exploration and conservation in tropical countries is considered to be the best and most active in the world today.” Garden Receives $250,000 for Flora of North America The Garden is delighted to announce that The Pew Charitable Trusts have awarded a second grant to the Flora of North America project. The grant, amounting to $250,000 over the next two years, will support administration of the project, meetings of the editorial commit- tee, publication of the FNA Newsletter, and purchases of computer equipment for the FNA Organizational Center housed at the Garden. Flora of North America is a bi-national cooperative project designed to gather and make available information on all vas- cular plants (ferns, fern allies, gym- nosperns, and flowering plants) growing spontaneously in North America north of the U.S.-Mexico political boundary. Over the next twelve years the project will pro- duce a twelve-volume printed Flora and develop an associated computerized data- base. The project’s Convening Editor is Dr. Nancy R. Morin, head of the Garden’s Department of Botanical Information Management. FNA’s Organizational Cen- ter is housed at the Garden, and mem- bers of the Editorial Committee are stationed at their home institutions throughout the U.S. and Canada. 16. tamer ROBERT E:. MAGILL Associate Curator of Bryophytes The department of bryology (the study of mosses) at the Garden is easy to overlook, tucked away in the Admini- stration Building. But it is a very impor- tant part of the Garden’s research program. Bob Magill has been head of the department since last year, but his work with the collection dates back to 1975, when he came to the Garden as a postdoctoral fellow and research assis- tant to Dr. Marshall Crosby. Bob is a native of Fort Worth, Texas, and earned his Ph.D. in botany at Texas A&M University in 1975. In 1976 Bob went to Africa to teach and study, and returned to the Garden in 1982 as an assistant curator of bryophytes. He isa specialist in the mosses of Africa, and heads the Flora of Tropical Africa project. He has also contributed two of a projected four volumes to the Flora of Southern Africa. The Garden’s herbarium collection of mosses contains more than 166,000 specimens, an outstanding resource that includes many previously uncol- lected species. The huge number of specimens permits study of variations within species. In addition to his work with mosses, Bob plays a central role in the development of the Garden’s TROPICOS computer database system. When development of TROPICOS began five years ago, Bob was the only mem- ber of the research staff with experi- ence in programming computers, so, in addition to his research on mosses, he became programmer and systems devel- oper for the Garden. “TROPICOS is unique in the way it integrates specimen-based data with taxonomic nomenclature,” he points out. “This makes it possible to inte- grate information about plants, their names, and their distribution in really useful ways.” RESEARCH DIVISION NEWS BRYOLOGISTS IMEET AT GARDEN Fifty-three scientists convened for the International Association of Bryologists meeting held at the Garden, July 31 to August 3, 1989, to discuss the latest research in tropical bryology. More than half of the bryologists attending were from foreign countries. There are relatively few bryologists in the world. The 53 par- ticipants who attended the meeting represented nearly half of all researchers in tropical bryology, and made the gather- ing a significant event. Bryology is the study of mosses and liverworts. There are only 10,000 to 12,000 spe- cles of mosses in the world, as compared to approximately 250,000 species of flowering plants. Mosses are often con- sidered insignificant because they have few commercial uses. Yet they are found worldwide in all habitats, including deserts. Perhaps more than any other plant, mosses can survive extremes in environment; they are the most common land plants in the Arctic and Antarctic. Mosses are primitive plants, and they differ from flowering plants in two major ways. In mosses, the dominant green, leafy growth is the gametophyte, or reproductive phase of the plant. In flower- ing plants, the situation is reversed, with Jeff DePew Is Named the gametophytic parts of the plant being reduced to a few cells in the pollen or ovules. Mosses also lack vascular tissue; they absorb water directly into their leaves. Mosses play an important role in tropi- cal ecosystems: they help regulate water flow by absorbing water before it can soak into the ground, which keeps the water from running off into rivers and streams. Tropical mosses gradually release the water into the ecosystems, keeping rivers flowing and providing life-giving moisture during dry periods. The mosses also aid in the breakdown of organic materials into nutrients needed by other organisms in the forest. Tropical deforestation is of deep con- cern to scientists, conservationists, and many others who are looking for ways to avert impending environmental disaster. “If we are going to save the forests we must study and understand all the compo- nents of the tropical ecosystems, includ- ing mosses,” said Dr. Robert E. Magill, Associate Curator and head of the Department of Bryology at the Garden. “It’s like a jigsaw puzzle: if you’re missing a piece it can’t be complete.” Earthwatch Field Representative Jeffrey C. DePew, coordinator of the Garden's Henry Shaw Academy, has been named as a volunteer field representative for the international nonprofit organiza- tion Earthwatch. As a field representative, DePew will promote Earthwatch in Missouri. He will recruit new members through exhibits and events and arrange meetings for local Earthwatch volunteers in the St. Louis area. DePew hopes to develop Earth- watch expeditions with the Garden's botanical research program in the tropics. Earthwatch currently has over 850 mem- bers in Missouri. Dr. Peter Raven, direc- tor of the Garden, serves the organization as a scientific advisor. Earthwatch is an international volun- teer organization that offers members of the public the opportunity to join research expeditions to help noted university scholars with their fieldwork. Founded in 1971 to serve as a link between the public and the scientific community, the organi- zation to date has involved more than 20,000 men and women in research expe- ditions in 36 states and 83 countries. This year, Earthwatch will send over 3,000 volunteers into the field working in disci- plines as diverse as climate change, rain forest biology, endangered species, and archaeological exccavations. More than 670 scholars in the earth, marine, and life sciences and the arts and humanities have been assisted by Earthwatch volunteers. VOLUNTEER E\VENING Tuesday evening June 13, 1989, the Garden hosted its annual reception honoring outstanding volunteers for their service during the past year. Joanna Turner, a volunteer in the research division, received the Special Achievement award for her work on the Flora of Missouri: Joanna, an exceptional amateur botanist, started volunteering at the Garden in 1985. Last year she con- tributed 596 hours. The Special Service award went to Joyce Knobbe, who works with the volunteer office in the Human Resources (Standing, left to right): Joanna Turner, Joyce Knobbe, Yolanda Tay- lor, Anita Siegmund. (Seated, left to right): Peter Raven, director; Mim Kittner; Jeanne McGilligan, volunteer coordinator. > EN “SDs, Ape Cornerstone Community Gardening Association plot in the city’s West End. 4, oe Send AWORLD OF PLANTS This magnificent new book from Harry N. Abrams, Inc., celebrates the beauty, diversity, and importance of plants at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Sumptuously illustrated with 158 plates, 125 in full color, the book treats readers to a grand tour of the Garden. Along the way information is given on garden design, plant care, botany, research, and the Garder’s history. This lavishly designed book will be a delight to horticulturalists, botanists, and all those who love gardens. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., is the preeminent American publisher of high quality art and illustrated books. A World of Plants is available exclusively in the Garden Gate Shop through the spring of 1990, or you may use the order form below. Please mail me______ copies of A WORLD OF PLANTS at $45 each. (Please add $5 per book for postage and handling.) LJ Enclosed is my check for $ . LJ Please charge my: MasterCard No. Visa No. Name as it appears on card Exp. Date NAME PHONE_‘ ADDRESS CITY: STATE ZIP Please make checks payable to: Missouri Botanical Garden. Mail to: Garden Gate Shop, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-9910. > ae. | om ae os Plants at the Garden LANKING the doors just inside the Ridgway Center, lush, potted weeping fig trees (Ficus benja- mina) greet Garden visitors. This species is likely to show up anywhere you find indoor potted trees. It is abundant in shopping malls, lobbies, and living rooms, including mine. You might just as easily come upon another arborescent fig, the India rubber- tree (Ficus elastica), with large, thick, glossy green leaves. Looking at the India rubbertrees as encountered indoors, it may come as a surprise to learn that in the wild this species can become an enor- mous forest tree. (Despite its name, the India rubbertree is only a minor source of rubber and is not related to the true “Para” rubbertree, Hevea brasiliensis.) The weeping fig and India rubbertree are merely the tip of the iceberg of the fig genus Ficus, whose membership amounts to some 800 species indigenous around the tropics. And to broaden the perspective, Ficus accounts for about half of the species in the Mulberry Family (Moraceae), which includes such familiar representatives as mulberries (Morus species) and osage-oranges (Maclura pomifera). Among the most conspicuous defining characteristics of the Mulberry Family are milky white sap and tiny uni- sexual flowers in tight clusters. Top: Edible figs, Ficus carica. Left: Ficus SyCOMOrUS. The fig “fruit” is such a flower cluster, although its exact nature is tricky to dis- cern. The hollow fleshy “fruit” is really a swollen extension of the stem, and the flowers line its inner surface. Fig pollina- tion is an odd story indeed (and may lead some squeamish readers to stop eating fig cookies). The account here is that of the edible sycomore fig (Ficus sycomorus). It is polli- nated by a small wasp. The process begins when female wasps push their way into the fig through the hole at its tip (when you next eat a fig, spot this hole before chomping). Inside, the wasp lays her eggs in female flowers specialized as wasp nurseries. Other female flowers are adapted to form seeds, which requires deposition of pollen carried into the fig by the wasp. About three weeks after the mother wasp lays her eggs, male wasps hatch and escape from their flowers. Wingless and almost blind, their roles in life are to fertil- ize the female wasp larvae while the latter remain trapped in their flowers, and then to chew an escape tunnel to the outside of the fig for the females. This accom- plished, the male wasps die inside the fig. At about this time the male flowers release pollen and the fertilized female wasps emerge from their flowers. They pack pollen into sacks on their bodies, exit through the aforementioned tunnel, enter a new fig to lay their eggs, and while in there pollinate the seed-producing flowers by removing pollen from the sacs with their legs and placing it directly onto the pollen-receptive portions of the flowers. The species just described is the “sycomore”’ of the Bible, which has noth- ing to do with the American “sycamore” (genus Platanus). Sycomore figs are val- ued particularly in Egypt for shade (they can be 40 feet tall with trunks 20 feet around), tasty figs, and wood. The dura- bility of the wood is demonstrated by sycomore wood carvings and mummy cases thousands of years old, and still in good condition. Likewise mentioned throughout the Bible, and more important as a food, is the common fig (Ficus carica). This is the fig leaf worn by Adam, Eve, and marble statues, and fig leaves are sewn together to make baskets and umbrellas. Figs from this species have traditional uses in treating skin disorders, and in facilitating recovery from long illness. Oddly, the individuals of Ficus carica that produce edible fruits are separate trees from those needed by the wasps for egg deposition. The latter are known as caprifigs (or goat figs). Long before botanists understood pollination, ancient fig growers under- stood that caprifigs hung among edible figs improved the crop. (Some modern cultivated selections do not require polli- nation.) The odd aspects of figs extend beyond their pollination. The banyantree (Ficus benghalensis) spreads by forming multiple trunks under one enormous crown in such a way that a single individual can look like a whole forest. Even our garden vari- ety weeping figs have a little of this ten- dency. The strangler fig (Ficus aurea) usually begins life as an epiphyte (a plant that grows perched up on another “host” plant) and then extends to the ground; it keeps on growing up, down, and around until the host is choked out and the former epiphyte is a free-standing tree. As hinted by its Latin name, the Bo tree (Ficus religiosa) is sacred to Budd- hists and Hindus. Shrines are often built around its enormous base in Buddhist countries. These shrines are sometimes exquisitely illuminated. Not all figs form large shade trees, expand into one-tree forests, or over- power their former hosts. Carpeting the wall in the Linnean House is the creeping fig (Ficus pumila), which looks more like a modest ivy than a relative of a mighty banyan. —George Rogers, Ph.D. 6. re: H:O-Nee GARDENING I come from a long line of fishermen (since retired). One of our most intriguing family rituals was to plant fish leftovers at the base of promising new trees in our yard. This faithful practice was of unparalleled importance in ensuring a proper nutrient supply and growing sturdy specimens. While this ordeal seemed to be quite adequate for a climate of low rainfall and good organic soils, we are not so fortunate in the clay soils of the midwest. The only answer to the midwest dilemma is soil improvement, which I con- sider synonomous with composting. At this time of year many homeowners are afflicted with an excessive quantity of leaves from trees. While most suffer through the process of bagging for the landfill, dedicated gardeners seize the opportunity to start another compost pile for the next growing season. Leaf com- posting is one of the best ways to recycle organic material. It saves landfill space, doesn't require bagging, and best of all can be used for improving clay soils. WHY AND HOW The science of composting involves the microbial decomposition of organic matter. The end product after several months is a dark, friable, partially decom- posed material. When incorporated into the soil, it improves water holding capac- ity, buffers temperature extremes, speeds microbial cycling, and increases the storage capacity of mineral nutrients for the plants, sometimes referred to as Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Com- post also can be applied as a mulch to retard moisture loss and soil erosion, con- trol weed seed germination, and reduce disease spread. It also looks nice. BUILDING A COMPOST PILE Building a compost pile is pretty easy. Keep in mind that the whole process is a function of a multitude of microorgan- isms: bacteria, fungi and some insect con- sumers of organic matter. You are the farmer of this microcosm and you need to create a climate where these organisms can flourish. The pile needs moisture, air, supplemental nutrients and time. The simplest method is just to make a heap of leaves on top of the ground in a mound about four feet in diameter and COMPOSTING: A Case for Soil Improvement three feet high. Good compost piles are large enough to develop elevated temper- atures (100-150°F), reflecting and promot- ing microbial growth. Small piles are not well insulated. Piles over five cubic feet become difficult to aerate, which slows decomposition. If you have the space, two or three piles formed at different times over a year will provide finished as well as developing compost. More elaborate constructions are pos- sible to conserve space. A snow fence or wire cage bin makes a nice pile and pro- vides good air movement. Other more solid constructions of railroad ties or con- crete blocks will work. One side should be open, for turning and aerating the pile. Composting in a pit dug into the ground will also work. Because decompo- sion activity is directly related to pile tem- perature, winter composting above ground is slow. Below ground pits remain warm longer. However, poor air circula- tion and excessive moisture may slow the process. COMPOSITION During the growing season, materials for the compost pile can include almost any raw material from the garden. Avoid adding grease, fat, bones and meat, as these will attract animals. Also exclude weeds with seedheads and coarse plant material like sticks and lumber, which decompose too slowly. While most gardeners avoid composting diseased plant materials; these plant pathogens generally are not good survivors in wet compost heaps, due to the heat generated by decaying material and microbial activity. CONSTRUCTING THE PILE Most information on composting encourages layering of materials. A green layer of grass or vegetable discards alter- nates with a layer of brown, dried mate- rial, such as leaves. The green material is a source of moisture and leachable nutri- ents that help microbes start the decom- position of the dry leaves. Layering is a lot of trouble because most gardeners cannot find all the compo- nents for a good pile at one time. If the dif- ficulty of creating a properly layered pile prevents you from composting, take heart. A pile of leaves makes a great com- post heap, and simply adding water to the pile is sufficient to start the process. Keep the pile moist but not soggy. Shredded materials compost faster. If you are still cutting the grass, mix some clippings into the pile. Because the microorganisms require large amounts of nitrogen for decomposition, mix about one pound of 10-10-10 garden fertilizer into every cubic yard of moistened compost. Sometimes recommendations are given to introduce soil in the layering pro- cess to add more microorganisms, and you can even purchase a starter kit of microbes for your pile. I don’t believe this is necessary. The microbial flora of leaves and other organic material is naturally very rich. MANAGING THE PILE Decomposition will be reflected by the rise in temperature in the center of the pile. During warm weather several weeks after construction, the pile should be turned, mixing the heated inner portion with the cooler, less decomposed, outer material. In cool weather, avoid turning the pile, as this releases heat. Wet the pile if you cannot squeeze water from a hand- ful of leaves. A compost pile that does not heat could be due to several factors: too little or too much water, improper aera- tion, packing the pile too tightly, making the pile too small. The science of composting can get pretty involved, with a lot of discussion about enhancing the decay process by adding the right mix of compost materials to obtain the right carbon to nitrogen ratio. At home, I prefer the slow steady method, being willing to wait six to twelve months for the final product. This fall, compost instead of bag. Your reward will be rich, productive soil next year. —Steven D. Cline, Ph.D. 7. nae AL CLA LE 8 ATS I EERE ENE Ea SE EBL Ss SNA SF ag SER LAL TRUSTEES HOLD CENTENNIAL MEETING /September 10, 1989 Near right: Trustees meet in Henry Shaw’s parlor. Seated at table, left to right: Dr. Marshall R. Crosby; Robert E. Kresko, president of the Board; Dr. Peter H. Raven; William H. T. Bush. Far right: The Centen- nial proclamation. RICHARD BENKOF On a Sunday afternoon this past Sep- tember, an historic occasion took place in the Garden’s Administration Building. The tall red brick structure, built in 1849, has been located at the south end of the Garden on Tower Grove Avenue since 1891. It was formerly Henry Shaw’s town- 18 8 9) TE\MIAL Board of Trustees 6 eee tiered 6 Thee bmear ' =n etfs em J asp tele. Vmel f 44, lark har ia Muran” Rena Resnatt- listed those Trustees present, and moved that the Trustees ‘each and all ...Jointly and severally accept the said devise and bequest of the said real and personal property...for the uses and purposes said will declared.’ After full BG 19 8 9 discussion, the motion was passed house; in his will, Mr. Shaw set aside funds to move the building to the Garden. There, at 4 p.m., in the second floor room that is now the office of the director of development, the Garden’s present Board of Trustees held its Centennial meet- ing. They were reminded of the events of a meeting a century earlier by Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, assistant director of the Garden: “The Board of Trustees held its very first meeting exactly one hundred years ago today, at this very hour, 4:00 p.m., in this very house. The house was then located downtown on the southwest corner of Seventh and Locust, but we do not have a record of what the interior was like at that time. Therefore, we are not sure where they met, but they may well have met in this very room, which we now call Henry Shaw’s parlor... “The very first motion was made by Henry Hitchcock, the grandfather of the emeritus trustee Henry Hitch- cock... who proposed the most important matter of business of the day. This motion reviewed many provisions of the will, Missouri Botanical Garden unanimously. With this the Board for- mally assumed the care of the Garden. “Little other business was transacted that day, though the secretary, Mr. Pettus, was authorized to pro- cure a book into which to have the minutes written. This must be the first authorization of an expenditure by the Trustees.” The 1989 Board transacted routine business, enjoyed a report from Dr. Raven on his recent trip to China, and signed a handsome illustrated proclamation, which states: “We the undersigned Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden met on September 10th, 1989 in the Parlor of the Town House of the late Henry Shaw, now located at 2314 Tower Grove Avenue, City of St. Louis to conduct the normal busi- ness of the Board of Trustees and to renew our discharge of the trust, first assumed by our predecessors at their organiza- tional meeting one hundred years ago to forever keep up and maintain the Missouri Botanical Garden for the use and enjoy- ment of the public through propagation and cultivation of plants for science and knowledge.” FROM THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, United States of America: Proceedings and Debates of the 101st Congress, First Session, Vol. 135, No. 112: WASHINGTON Thursday, September 7, 1989 House of Representatives COMMEMORATING THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN HON. JACK BUECHNER of Missouri in the House of Representatives MR. BUECHNER. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden of St. Louis, Missouri. Voyager II hurtles into the darkest reaches of our universe and sends back images of nature beyond what man can even imagine. We here on Earth sit in amazement and long to know more —to extend that metaphysical chord “A man and his universe.” Yet in St. Louis there has been for 130 years a special place for man to seek out his own planet and to discover the flora that in turn have given him food, cures for his diseases, the paper that his history is kept upon, and most important the air that keeps him alive. The Missouri Botanical Garden, also known as “Shaw’s Garden,” is the oldest botanical garden in the United States in continuous operation. Internationally 8. ee. SHAW ARBORETUM CONGRESSIONAL RECORD continued recognized for the quality of its horticul- tural presentations, it stands out particu- larly for its educational programs and, most important, for its scientific research. Its staff and administrators have gone around the world assisting or helping to start similar institutions dedicated to man and nature. Most recently, this Garden, under the leadership of Dr. Peter Raven, has achieved further acclaim as it works to preserve and protect the tropical forests of the planet Earth—and in doing so help- ing to determine the fate of mankind. As concern for the environment has moved to the forefront of public aware- ness, the Garden has played a prominent part in helping to define the importance of maintaining a biologically diverse and bal- anced ecosystem. Established in 1859 and directed for 30 years by a private St. Louis merchant, Henry Shaw, it was bequeathed to the public in perpetuity upon his death in 1889, when its care was entrusted to a Board of Trustees. ...I] am certain that Mr. Shaw would be proud of what the tire- less work and dedication of the caretakers of his Garden have wrought. It is certain his spirit still tenderly touches the plants, the trees and blossoms, and the waters of “his garden.” To those of us who know and love this place, it is more than just a garden or a center of learning. It is a refuge from the turmoil of an often ugly world, a gentle reminder of what Eden must have been, and a continuing celebration of the glori- ous beauty of nature. As we strive to remember our true role in the grand scheme of things, to recover that which we seem to have lost, it is well to look to the example that Mis- souri Botanical Garden has set. For there is no finer example of what good and true stewardship means than that which has been set by the Missouri Botanical Garden. I ask each of my colleagues to join me in celebrating this 100th anniversary of the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden and in saluting those who continue to work to ensure that our continuing journey through the cosmos is not devoid of beauty. Let us... pledge ourselves to the same level of commit- ment, strive to attain the same attention to detail, and show the same love and devotion to our Earth that has been shown by the caretakers of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Edited for publication in the Bulletin. Garden Celebrates Edgar Denison’s 85th Birthday The 85th birthday of Edgar Denison, a long-time St. Louis resident and expert on the wildflowers of Missouri, was celebrated September 30 at a luncheon held at the Garden’s Shaw Arboretum in Gray Summit. Denison has been asso- clated with the Garden as an adviser, lec- turer and guide for many years. Denison is perhaps best known for his Missouri Wildflowers, a field guide to wildflowers of Missouri and the region, published by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Missourt Wildflowers, whose fourth edition is now in press, is the best-selling book ever sold by the Department. “Edgar Denison is a valuable friend of the Arboretum,” said John Behrer, superintendent of the Arboretum. “We have benefited greatly from Edgar’s expertise on wildflowers and native plants, and we are delighted to have the opportunity to honor him now.” Denison’s home on East Adams in Kirkwood boasts an extensive and beau- tiful wildflower garden, unequaled in St. Louis, which he has cultivated over the 56 years he has lived there. He has donated plants from his garden to the Arboretum and other locations. In addition to his work at the Arbore- tum, Denison is providing a tremendous service to the Garden by translating the correspondence of Dr. George Engel- mann, the German-born St. Louis physi- WILLIAM DAVIT John Behrer (left) with Edgar Denison clan, botanist and adviser to Henry Shaw, who made pioneering studies of many plants of the western U.S. Engelmann’s letters, written in the 19th century Ger- man script called fraktur, are extremely difficult for modern-day transcribers to decipher. Denison, who was born in Ger- many, is uniquely qualified to do the tran- scription. At the birthday luncheon, an oak bench was dedicated in honor of Edgar Denison. The bench will be placed in the wildflower garden planned for the Pine- tum area at the Arboretum. Arboretum Closed during Deer Hunting Season Although there will not be a managed deer hunt on the Arboretum this year, the Arboretum will be closed to visitors dur- ing deer firearms season, November 11 to November 19, as an added safety precau- tion. As usual, the four square miles of the Arboretum (2400 acres) will be patrolled during the hunting season. P lanned Giving Sidney Cohen Bequest A long-time contributor to the Garden has ensured that his support for the Gar- den will continue undiminished through an endowment bequest. Sidney Cohen, a local philanthropist who supported many St. Louis institutions over the years, has provided an endowment to the Garden as a final gift to perpetuate his love of the community, and in particular its cultural institutions. Mr. Cohen died on February 20, 1989. His association with the Garden dates from the early seventies when he and his wife, through the Sidney and Sadie Cohen Foundation, became interested in the area that became the Cohen Amphi- theater. Their love of the Garden over the years provided for a spectrum of gifts that included library acquisitions and plants, the Sadie M. Cohen courtyard in memory of Mrs. Cohen, as well as the Cohen Amphitheater. Mr. Cohen’s final contribu- tion culminates a lifelong interest in librar- ies and education. Every year the proceeds from the Cohen endowment gift will allow the pur- chase of an important book for the Library. To memorialize Mr. Cohen's con- tribution, each of these books will feature a special nameplate indicating the origin of the gift made possible by the Sidney and Sadie Cohen Foundation. Bequests play an important part in making special programs possible, and the Garden is grateful for this significant support. NOVEMBER EP le ae D A Y Holiday Preview Sale 9 a.m. to 7:30 p.m., Garden Gate Shop. Members receive 20% off, all three days. Shop early! = ea ae N D A Y Tropical Rain Forests Exhibits 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Ridgway Cen- ter. Posters, photographs, and dis- plays highlight the biological diversity and environmental crisis in the tropics, and the Garden's world- renowned research program. Free with regular Garden admission. 3 FRIDAY Members’ Preview: Fall Flower Show and Climatron Restoration 9 to 8 p.m., Orthwein Floral Hall and Climatron. Come enjoy a sneak preview of the chrysanthemum display, and see the Climatron con- struction in progress! Entertain- ment, cash bar. Dinner buffet will be available in Gardenview Restau- rant. Docents will be on hand in the Climatron to answer questions. For Members only; see flyer mailed recently to all Members. 4 SATURDAY Deck The Halls 2 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. First in a series of three lectures sponsored by Country Home Maga- zine. (See November 18, December 2.) Floral designers will share crea- tive decorating ideas for the holi- days, with a slide show featuring decorated homes, and a “hands-on” demonstration. Tickets at the door: $2.50 Members, $3 non-members. SATURDAY- = S UNDA Y Public Preview of Climatron Restoration 9am. to 5 p.m., Climatron. Come see the construction in progress, and get a preview of the wonderful new displays that will open next spring. Docents will be on hand to answer questions between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. Free with regular Gar- den admission. 10. ae R 7 Missouri Botanical Garden CALENDAR OF EVENTS November-December 1989 Sail ra See » Ve bel 3 (gw . a We we x be NOVEMBER 4-26 / Fall Flower Show 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Orthwein Floral Hall. A spectacular array of chrysanthemums in a quaint early American country setting. Regular Garden admission. Members’ Preview—See November 3. DECEMBER 9—NEW YEAR'S DAY Holiday Flower Show 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, Orthwein Floral Hall. Poinsettias, begonias, kalanchoes, dusty millers, and lovely holiday trees highlight a delightful Currier & Ives scene. Regular Garden admission. Members’ Preview—See December 8. R & DECEMBER WALKING TOURS Now All Tours Begin Join us every Tuesday, de ra tour led by Gar oes and learn about arc hitectur' t horticulture at the Garden. eee ticket counter. Free with reg at 1:00 p.m. Saturday and Sunday at 1:00 p.m. y land- Enjoy the winter ain e, Tieton sculpture and at the Ridgway Center Garden admission. 10 FRIDAY Gardens and Parks of the We “Gardens of Ireland” 7 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. slide lecture by Lord William Br dan Parsons, 7th Earl of Rosse, describes the captivating charm gardens on the Emerald Isle. $1 Members, $2 non-members. See page 13. 7 | FRIDAY Gardens and Parks of the Wo “20th Century English Garde 7 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Final slide lecture in the series, John Elsley, assistant vice presi of George W. Park Seed Compa and designer of the English Woc land Garden at MBG. $1.50 Me: bers, $2 non-members. 18 SATURDAY Deck The Halls 2 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. See November 4 for details. DECEMBER 2 SATURDAY Deck The Halls 2 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. See November 4 for details. 3 SUNDAY Book Signing 10a.m. to 1 p.m., Ridgway Cent Celebrate the publication of A W of Plants, a splendid new book o1 the Garden (see page 5), and me the authors and photographer. Watch your mail for details. Free with regular Garden admission. 4 MONDAY “Gardens and Castles of Irelar 7 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Patrick Bowe, guide for the Men bers’ tour in May 1990, offers an exciting preview. See page 13. Fre — ————— ee lL TUERSDAY- : SUNDAY yer Grove House Decorations 1.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily (last tour ins at 4 p.m.). Tower Grove 1se is decorated in Victorian sndor for the holidays. (Closed ‘istmas Day.) Tours are free to mbers, $1.50 for non-members, ) for children. hs OS Oe ns i ndlelight Tour 0 to 7:30 p.m., Tower Grove use. Seventh annual tour, $5.50 person. Reservations are uired; see story below. cember Plant Sale .m. to 7:30 p.m., Thursday and day; 9a.m. to 5 p.m., Saturday; rden Gate Shop. Members eive 20% off all gifts and plants, three days. See page 16. THURSDAY liday Luncheon 30 a.m. to 1 p.m., Tower Grove use Tea Room. See story below. § FRIDAY Members’ Preview: Holiday Flower Show 5 p.m. to 8 p.m., Orthwein Floral Hall. Join us for a festive early look at the holiday show. Entertainment, cash bar. Dinner buffet will be avail- able in Gardenview Restaurant. For Members only; watch your mail for details. Holiday Luncheon 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., Tower Grove House. See below for details. I Holiday Luncheon 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., Tower Grove House. See below for details. MONDAY 12 TUESDAY Holiday Luncheon 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., Tower Grove House. See below for details. 14 THURSDAY Supper With Santa Begins at 5:30 p.m., Ridgway Cen- ter. Come for dinner and spend the evening with clowns, jugglers, Santa Claus and more surprises! Reserva- tions are required; call 577-5125 beginning Monday, November 27. $10 per person. Holiday Luncheon 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., Tower Grove House. See below for details. 15 FRIDAY Holiday Luncheon 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., Tower Grove House. See below for details. 16 SATURDAY Santa Lucia Celebration 2to5p.m., Ridgway Center. Folk- songs, carols, folkdancing, a candle- light procession and a Julbutik (Swedish boutique), all in honor of the Swedish saint Santa Lucia. Co- sponsored by the Swedish Council of St. Louis. Regular Garden admission. 21 Supper With Santa Begins at 5:30 p.m., Ridgway Cen- ter. See December 14 for details. 25 MONDAY Christmas Day The Garden is closed. THURSDAY “Memories of 1904" 2 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Slide lecture by Mrs. J.C. Horner, member of the 1904 World’s Fair Society. The Rivertown Barbershop Quartet will sing turn-of-the-century favorites; the Gardenview Restaurant will feature a special “Victorian Lunch.” Limited seating, for Members only. Free. NOVEMBER 8 / MEMBERS’ DAY DECEMBER 9 / MEMBERS’ DAY “A Holiday Garland of Tales” 11 a.m. and 1 p.m., Shoenberg Auditorium. Performances by the Imaginary Theatre Company of the Repertory Theatre of St. Louis, featuring tales from foreign lands. A treat for the whole family! Limited seating, for Members only. Free. NEWS FROM TOWER GROVE HOUSE Holiday Luncheons Tower Grove House will again be decorated in Victorian splendor for the holidays and open to visitors from Tues- day, December 5 through Sunday, December 31 from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Both Tower Grove House and the Garden will be closed Christmas Day. Tower Grove House Auxiliary’s Tea Room will feature special luncheons on Thursday, December 7; Friday, Decem- ber 8; Monday, December 11; Tuesday, December 12; Thursday, December 14; and Friday, December 15; between 11:30 and 1 p.m. Guests will be greeted with hot spiced cider. For additional information and reser- vations call 577-5150. Reservations will be accepted beginning Wednesday, Novem- ber 15, between 9 a.m. and 12 noon. Pay- ment must be received no later than Friday, December 1, 1989. Candlelight Tour The Seventh Annual Candlelight Tour, sponsored by the Tower Grove House Auxiliary, will be held on Tuesday, December 5, 1989, between 4:30 and 7:30 p.m. Reservations may be made by mailing in the form below. For additional information call Tower Grove House, 577-5150. The fee includes a candlelight tour of the decorated house, plus refresh- ments in the Tea Room. Enter at 2345 Tower Grove, where your name will be registered. Parking is available across the street at Tower Grove Baptist Church. Candlelight Tour Please make reservations for the Candlelight Tour, Tuesday, December 5, at Tower Grove House between 4:30 and 7:30 p.m. Enclosed is my check for $ , at $5.50 per person. Please make checks payable to: Tower Grove House Auxiliary. Check must be received no later than December 1, 1989. NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP PHONE Mail to: Tower Grove House, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 Ask the Answer Service Bringing Plants Indoors Do you have a plant question? Call the Horticultural Answer Service, Monday through Friday, 9a.m. to noon, at 577-5143. Q. I have several Boston ferns that spend the summer outdoors. Winters are spent indoors hanging over the hot tub, and the fronds grow very long. Can! prune them back just enough to shorten them, without hurting the plant? A. You won't hurt your Boston ferns, but you will affect their appearance, des- troying the graceful aspect of the healthy, mature fronds. Rather than trying to alter plants to suit the site, consider choosing a plant whose habit is compatible with the existing conditions. ‘Compacta’ and ‘Fluffy Ruffles’ are Boston fern cultivars with compact habits. The Dallas fern is a close relative whose fronds rarely exceed 18 inches in length. It is a more forgiving plant as well, being better suited to grow- ing indoors. Perhaps the most tolerant of being indoors is the holly fern (Cyrto- mium Falcatum). It is a slow-growing plant, eventually reaching two feet at maturity. It thrives in a cool sunroom but will tolerate lower light levels. It prefers moist air, but adapts to average indoor humidity levels. Holly ferns require a well-drained potting mixture high in organic matter. Keep the soil evenly moist during the summer, but water only when the soil becomes dry during the winter. Repot as needed in early spring just as the new fronds unfurl. Q. Please help my cyclamen plant! All the leaves are starting to turn yellow and die. If this keeps up, I won't be able to continue to dis- play it on my dining room table. A. You are probably keeping your cyclamen too warm, and chances are it is not receiving enough light, either. At this time of year, cyclamen should receive as much sunlight as possible. An unob- structed south window is ideal. Most important, cyclamen should be provided with cool night temperatures of 40° to 90°F. Daytime temperatures below 70°F are preferred. Be certain you don’t over- water your cyclamen, as this also may cause yellowing. Cyclamen should be watered when the surface of the soil feels dry to the touch. Don’t let the bottom of the pot sit in water. Fertilize very other week with a water-soluble “blossom booster” house plant formulation. Fer- tilizer should be discontinued in spring Campaign for the Garden UPDATE: As of September 30, 1989 the Garden’s $18 million capital campaign has raised $15,761,590 in gifts and pledges. Next spring, we will break ground for the Center for Home Gardening Pavilion, the last major construction item in this campaign. Planning and development of visitors’ services are already well underway. Dr. Steven Cline, the Center’s Man- ager, recently returned from a visit to several demonstration gardens in Eng- land. He views our planned reference area as a critical element in using the Center: “While much of the Center’s space will be devoted to demonstration, the refer- ence area will allow visitors to research new ideas in detail and to plan their per- sonal gardening strategies. Many books on general gardening topics are widely available, but the more technical refer- ences often are not. Collecting these types of materials will be one of the Cen- ter’s main strengths. We will also display commercial catalogues of tools, seeds and other gardening materials to help visitors plan and locate products.” Some types of information will best be handled by computer. One proposed goal is to organize hardy plant selections for the homeowner by horticultural charac- teristics and practical uses, to aid in answering the question, “What should | plant in this location?” Although still in the planning stages, many potential uses for computerized resources are being con- sidered. The Center also looks toward strengthening ties with the Missouri Cooperative Extension Service, the state's advisory agency on agriculture and horticulture. after your plant stops flowering and begins to enter its dormant state. Q. Last year when I forced some hyacinths, the bulbs flowered down inside the leaves and hardly grew Stalks at all. What did I do wrong? A. When you force potted hyacinths, they require a minimum of 12 to 15 weeks of cold dark storage at temperatures between 45° and 50°F. This process is necessary if the bulbs are to develop adequate root and sprout growth. At the end of the cold storage period, when the pale yellow shoots are one or two inches high, bring the bulbs indoors into subdued light until the sprouts turn green. Tem- peratures at this stage should also be kept cool, about 50°F if possible. Excessively high temperatures at this stage are the likeliest cause of your “squatty” bulbs. Once the sprouts green up normally, your bulbs may be placed in full sunshine to bring them into bloom. Even in this latter Stage, cool night temperatures will help to produce the best results. TIMELY TIPS: ¢ Consider using a Norfolk Island pine as an alternative to a purchased Christmas tree. ¢ If variegated leaves on houseplants turn green, move them into brighter light. ¢ Tulips can still be planted until the ground freezes. ¢ Mulching late-planted trees, shrubs, and bulbs will help keep the ground unfrozen a little longer, encouraging extended root growth. ¢ Refrain from fertilizing most house- plants during the shortest days of winter. ¢ Apply superphosphate to perennials when mulching them for the winter. This will encourage better bloom next year. ¢ Keep mulch back from the trunks of trees and shrubs to prevent damage from mice and voles. ¢ Don't forget to water azaleas and ever- greens before the ground freezes up for winter. This is also true for any newly planted trees and shrubs. ¢ A tablespoon of sugar added to the water will help hold berries on holly branches used for indoor decorations. e Always use tepid or room temperature water when watering houseplants. ¢ Observe winter silhouettes of decidu- ous trees. Species with interesting shapes may be just the touch your winter landscape is lacking. —Chip Tynan, The Answer Service CASTLES AND GARDENS OF IRELAND MAY 19—JUNE 2, 1990 The castles and gardens of Ireland reflect a rich heritage of aesthetic and cultural achievement. The Insh landscape will beguile you with its lush greenery and magnificent gardens. Ancient trees, semi-tropical plants, and rare flowers are as plentiful as the shamrock in the Emerald Isle. Birr, Co. Offaly, Ireland The tour itinerary is designed to show you the best of Ireland’s castles and gardens, both public and private. The tour departs from St. Louis. Highlights include: e A tour of Glin Castle, a two-hundred-year-old house containing an historic collection of Irish furniture and paintings. Includes a reception/dinner with the Knight of Glin, Desmond Fitz-Gerald, and Madame Fitz-Gerald. e A tour of historic Birr Castle, whose 150 acres include 20th century formal garden “rooms” designed by the present dowager Countess of Rosse, with one of Europe’s outstanding collections of rare Asian trees and shrubs. Lunch is hosted by the Earl and Countess of Rosse. e A tour of Muckross House and Gardens, with magnificent views of the Lakes of Killarney and MacGillycuddy’s Rocks, the highest mountains in Ireland. e A morning drive over the Caha Mountains to spectacular Bantry Bay, and on to the island of IInacullin, whose unusual gardens were laid out in the Italian style by the famous English garden architect, Harold Peto, in 1910. e A visit to Creagh and the garden made by Peter Harold-Barry around his Georgian house. e Visit Currabinny and Mrs. Michin’s garden, one of the finest small gardens in Ireland. e A visit to Annes Grove, woodland gardens. Includes many plants raised from seed brought back from the Himalayas. e Lunch at the 18th century Cappoquin House, the home and garden of Sir Richard and Lady Keane. e A visit to Lismore Castle, a battlemented castle designed for the Duke of Devonshire by Joseph Paxton. e A drive to Waterford to visit the magnificent 100-acre garden of Mount Congreve. e A visit to Kiimokea House, which has a wild garden, and formal gardens around the house. e Spend a morning in Kilkenny, one of Ireland’s most attractive small cities, and visit its medieval cathedral, castle, and alms houses. Lunch at Marlfield House Hotel, one of Ireland’s best country hotels, with its prizewinning gardens. © Visit Mount Usher, built on the banks of the river Vartry, one of Ireland’s best Robinsonian “wild gardens” and a plant collector’s paradise. e Visit Beechpark, a privately owned garden, and Butterstream, a fine example of a modern compartmentalized garden. e A visit to Shankill and Old Couna Cottage, owned by Rosemary Brown, one of Ireland’s best horticulturalists. e Tour Powerscourt, an enormous Victorian garden with terrace, statuary, and ponds set against the backdrop of the Wicklow Mountains. ¢ Enjoy lunch with the owner of Fernhill, a charming Victorian house on a hill overlooking Dublin Bay, and one of the most important gardens in Ireland. Watch your mail for more details on this marvelous trip, or call Brenda Banjak at 577-9517. meOM THE MEMBERSHIP OFFICE IRELAND PREVIEWS Lord Rosse to Lecture November 10 Don't miss this delightful slide lecture, particularly if you are considering joining the May tour of “The Gardens and Cas- tles of Ireland’. Lord Rosse resides at Birr Castle in County Offaly, Ireland. Botanists from around the world visit the gardens at Birr Castle for the purpose of plant study. See page 10 for details. Patrick Bowe to Lecture December 4 Patrick Bowe, Irish architect, garden designer and historian, and tour guide, will present an exciting preview of “The Gardens and Castles of Ireland” tour. See page 10 for details. RICHARD BENKOF Bobby Short (center) with Andrew Taylor and Nora Stern, Benefit co-chairmen. Brrork’ Cool breezes and a beautiful star-filled sky set the stage for 600 Garden Mem- bers and guests who attended the Garden Centennial Benefit on September 9. Party goers were enchanted by the tent decor, an elegant fantasy designed by Frank Scheithauer of Famous Barr, and thrilled by the songs of the internationally acclaimed cabaret entertainer, Bobby Short. Guests were served a gourmet dinner prepared by the Gardenview Res- taurant, and they danced to the exciting sounds of the Ritz orchestra. This Centennial Celebration of the establishment of the Board of Trustees was generously sponsored by Famous Barr Company. We extend our deepest appreciation to Famous Barr and to the Benefit patrons for their generous support. The Benefit, chaired by Nora Stern and Andrew Taylor, netted over $100,000 for the Garden’s capital fund drive. DEBBIE FRANKE R (Left to right): Ana Maria Giulietti, Blanca Le6én, Nidia Cu ESEARCH (Paresh a dba ello, Sandra Visnadi, Gerardo Aymard. Not pictured: Nelson Zamora, Rodolfo Dirzo. Post Graduate Fellows from Latin America Six outstanding young scientists from Latin American countries have been awarded postgraduate fellowships by the Garden. These fellowships are supported by a grant from the Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation. The postgraduate program at the Garden provides training in tropical botany, with emphasis on plant sys- tematics and environmental studies. The Garden seeks to provide the range of expertise that allows young sci- entists to acquire the skills that will make them competitive in research, education and policy-making. The urgency of study- ing and preserving tropical forests has never been greater, and one important way of meeting the crisis is to increase the numbers of trained botanists from developing tropical countries. Training at Forero and Gentry Publish Landmark Study Enrique Forero, director of research, and Alwyn H. Gentry, curator, have recently concluded a very successful 15-year cooperative program of research and exploration in the tropics with the publication of the Annotated Checklist of the Plants of the Chocé Department, Colombia. Chocé is one of the wettest and botanically least known regions of the world. Forero and Gentry started this pro- gram in 1973 with a five-day visit to the Bahia Solano area of Chocé. They con- tinued their explorations over a ten-year period (1973-1983) as a cooperative pro- gram between the Garden and the Colom- bian National University, with support from the U.S. National Science Founda- tion and the Fondo Colombiano de Inves- the graduate and postgraduate levels has been a priority of the Garden for many years. The current group of visitors includes: Gerardo Aymard (Guanare, Vene- zuela), a forester by training, is working on a revision of the Venezuelan species of Canavalia (Fabaceae). Canavalia is eco- nomically important as a source of protein for forage. His wife, Nidia Cuello, is taking advantage of Gerardo’s visit at the Garden to carry out general plant identification for the Inventory of the Natural Resources of the Venezuelan Guayana, a joint project of two Venezuelan institutions. Ana Maria Giulietti (Sao Paulo, Brazil), a professor at the University of Sao Paulo, is working on the family Eri- ocaulaceae for several Floras and on a tigaciones Cientificas — COLCIENCIAS. The book’s title in Spanish is “Lista Anotada de las Plantas del Departamento del Choco, Colombia”. It was published with financial support from the World Wildlife Fund—U.S., as No. 10 ina series entitled “Biblioteca José Jerénimo Tri- ana,” a publication of the Institute of National Sciences of the Colombian National University where Forero was a professor for 21 years before joining the staff of the Missouri Botanical Garden as director of research in 1986. Forero and Gentry, in collaboration with Roberto Jaramillo-Mejia and many other botanists and students from the U.S. and Colombia, carried out 28 expeditions and gathered over 14,200 collection numbers of 80,000 herbarium specimens. The published list includes 3,866 spe- cies of flowering plants and ferns, but the authors emphasize that this is only about DIVISION NEWS revision of the genus Leiothrix. Professor Giulietti, who is actively involved in graduate training, research, and conser- vation in Brazil, is working with Nancy Hensold on revisions of the genera Ron- donanthus, Comanthera, and Carp- totepala, all from northern South America. Blanca Leon (Lima, Peru) is prepar- ing a botanical catalogue of the vascular aquatic plants of Peru aimed at improving general knowledge of the taxonomy of these important groups. Her husband, Ken Young, is using this opportunity to conclude his doctoral dissertation on bio- geography of timberline forests in Peru. Sandra Visnadi (Sao Paulo, Brazil) a young bryologist from the Instituto de Botanica in Sao Paulo, is in St. Louis to carry out research on the moss genus Lindigia. Nelson Zamora (San José, Costa Rica), is working on the treatment of the Fabaceae-Mimosoideae for the Manual of the Flora of Costa Rica, a joint program between the Garden and Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. Nelson is a professor at the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. The Leguminoseae or Fabaceae is an eco- nomically important family. Nelson’s background is in forestry. Rodolfo Dirzo, an ecologist from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mex- ico, will arrive at the Garden later this year. He will prepare updated reviews of rates and trends of deforestation, bio- economic costs of deforestation, and criti- cal areas for conservation. He will also carry out research on plant-animal inter- actions. two-thirds of the total number of species estimated to occur in the region. Many collections are still under study by spe- cialists, and many areas of the Chocé Department are still in urgent need of additional botanical exploration before they disappear. During the course of preparation of this checklist, Forero and Gentry pub- lished 29 papers either independently or under joint authorship. “This is, without doubt, one of the most successful cooper- ative programs between North American and Latin American institutions, and serves as an example of the importance of this type of partnership in research and exploration,” says Forero. “We are very pleased to have been able to complete this publication which we hope will prove use- ful to botanists, ecologists, phytogeog- raphers, conservationists and decision makers.” Per? (* FP «1+ bE JONATHAN LOVETT Resident Botanist in Tanzania » KING SCHOENFELD Jonathan Lovett is an Englishman who came to the Garden by way of Tanzania. A native of Salisbury, England, Jon earned his B.A. from Oxford University, Pem- broke College, in 1979, and is pursuing his Ph.D. from University College of North Wales. In 1979 Jon went to Tanzania to work on the moist forests, and in 1983 worked for the World Wildlife Fund on for- est conservation in that country. In 1985 Dr. Peter Raven offered him a position as resident botanist in Tanzania for the Garden. Jon, his wife Jill, and their two-year-old daughter Primrose live in Mbeya in South- ern Tanzania, and he visits the Garden for several weeks every year. The Lovetts spend a great deal of their time in the field collecting and studying botanical speci- mens. Jon is editing a book for Cambridge University Press on Biogeography and Ecology of the Forests of Eastern Tanza- nia. In addition, Jon is a research associ- ate of the Department of Botany at the University of Dar-es-Salaam, where he teaches taxonomy and plant systematics. Faculty and students collaborate closely with Jon on the Garden’s research project for the National Cancer Institute. Jon also serves on a committee of the year-old Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania. The Society is patronized by the president of the Republic, and is lead- ing the fight to stop the killing of elephants by poachers. “Tanzania is a beautiful country, and extraordinarily interesting botanically,” Lovett said during a recent visit to the Garden. “From the peak of Kilimanjaro to the depths of Lake Tanganyika, the coun- RES EAE Dl Vil SO: Net NE Wes Euphorbiaceae Conference Held at Garden Scientists from around the world gathered at the Garden August 14-16 to discuss the Euphorbiaceae family of plants. The gathering, which attracted some 30 specialists from 10 countries, increased the understanding of this very important, but relatively poorly known, plant family. The Euphorbiaceae family, with some 8,000 species, is one of the world’s largest and most diverse families of flowering plants. It is represented by herbs, shrubs, trees, vines, and even one floating aquatic species. Found in nearly every region of the world, it is primarily tropical and sub- tropical. Its best known species is the poinsettia, the popular Christmas plant. Other Euphorbiaceae include rubber, castor oil, and cassava, one of the tropics’ main food crops and the source of tapioca. “The Euphorbiaceae family is very important to the world economy. This meeting allows experts from around the world to discuss their research findings and keep abreast of the latest research developments,” said Dr. Michael J. Huft, assistant curator at the Garden and coor- dinator of the conference. The St. Louis meeting marked the first presentation of details of a new sys- tem for classifying the family. Grady Web- ster of the University of California, Davis, presented the details of, and evidence for, his classification system for the first time ever. This most recent—and widely accepted—system of classification recog- nizes five subfamilies within the family and relies on seed number, latex consti- tuents, and pollen characteristics for clas- sifying a genus into the proper subfamily. A major result of the conference will be a volume in the Missouri Botanical Garden Monograph Series. The Euphorbiaceae Family is featured on the beautiful full-color poster inserted into the Garden’s 1990 Calendar, available in the Garden Gate Shop. ‘2 * | CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS (Front Row, I-r): Alberta Mennega, R. N. Kapil, Line Rossig- ay =oT nol, Michael Huft, Geoffrey Levin, Pilar Franco, Paula Rudall. (Middle rows, I-r): Martial Rossignol, Attila Borhidi, Bijan Dehgan, Chris King (projectionist), David Seigler, Grady Webster, Erich Hecker, John Beutler, W. Scott Armbruster, Lynn Gillespie, Michael Gilbert. (Top row, I-r): Antonio Allem, Daryl Koutnik, Robert Haicour, Alan Radcliffe-Smith, Uwe Jensen, John Hayden, Vatsavaya Raju, Susan Holmes. Not pictured: Joan Nowicke. try encompasses the five main vegetation zones of tropical Africa and harbors about 10,000 plant species, of which 10 to 12 percent are endemic.” Lovett sees the primary focus of his work in Africa as encouraging further development of botanical research and conservation by Tanzanians. To meet this aim, the Garden’s Tanzania program is working closely with the Tanzanians to help train botanists, build information resources, develop conservation pro- grams along with compatible economic development, and create public aware- ness about the importance of environ- mental issues. Senior Tanzanian Botanist Visits Garden Professor Feetham Banyikwa from Tanzania visited the Garden at the begin- ning of September in connection with the National Cancer Institute’s collecting pro- gram which has been taking place in Tan- zania over the last year. Professor Banyikwa is the head of the Department of Botany at the University of Dar-es- Salaam, in addition to being chairman of the National Committee that co-ordinates research in Tanzania. He also serves as chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Serengeti Wildlife Research Institute. RICHARD BENKOF From the Garden Gate Shop Celebrate National Children’s Book Week November 13-19 Celebrating Children’s Book Week and the holiday season, the Garden Gate Shop will offer an extra five percent discount on children’s books for all Members and MoBots. In addition, the Shop will offer the regular ten percent Members’ dis- count to MoBots for this week only. Chil- B Ry c eee me id £ ee gi 9 - 1989 Holiday card 1989 Holiday Card This year’s holiday greeting card fea- tures a winter scene of the Shaw Arbore- tum created by St. Louis artist Dhimitri Zonia. Cards can be purchased with no message, or with the greeting “Peace and Joy in the New Year’. A package of ten Garden holiday cards and envelopes is $8.95. dren can do their holiday shopping in a special section with gifts priced under $10. Annual Holiday Preview Sale Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday November 1, 2, and 3 9 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Your holiday shopping can get off to an early start with the Garden Gate Shop's annual sale, where Members receive 20 percent off on all gifts and plants. Holiday gifts and decorations, tree ornaments, Garden calendars, books, gardening tools and accessories will be featured. December Plant Sale Thursday and Friday, December 7 and 8, 9 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Saturday, December 9, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Find the perfect gift for every last- minute item on your holiday list. Poinset- tias, cyclamens, bulb kits, bird feeders, wind chimes, sundials, and a glorious vari- ety of charming accessories for the home and garden will be available. Members receive 20 percent off all merchandise throughout the sale. “Hidden Wealth” Means Hope for Rain Forests A recent study on the economics of sustainable harvests from rain forests has attracted wide attention by suggesting that it is much more profitable to keep the forests intact. The study, by a team including Garden curator Alwyn Gentry, Robert Mendelsohn of Yale University, and Charles Peters of the Institute of Eco- nomic Botany at the New York Botanical Garden, was published June 29 in Nature, and subsequently featured on the front page of The Washington Post and in Sct- ence magazine. Gentry and his colleagues estimated the value of a hectare of Amazonian rain forest near Iquitos, Peru, by analyzing the market value for the rich diversity of fruits, oils, rubber and medicines from the plants on the site. Including the costs of harvesting and bringing the products to market, the researchers concluded that the hectare would yield an annual income of $422 in fruit and rubber alone. They calculated the net present value of the hectare as $6,820, taking into account the cumulative value of all future harvests for 90 years. In comparison, a tree plantation of the same size would be worth $3,184; pastureland would be worth $2,960. Clear-cutting the hectare for its timber would yield only $1,000, a one-time rev- enue, and would ruin the acreage for future use. This is exciting news for conserva- tionists. “The forests must be used in order to be saved,” said Charles Peters. “There is no future in simply setting aside land...in the Third World.” The Garden has been a leader in working with officials in developing coun- tries to find ways to preserve natural resources while encouraging economic growth. The results of this study provide fresh hope in the effort to save the world’s rain forests. eee eee eee | Henry Shaw Academy News The Henry Shaw Academy (HSA) offers students aged seven and older exciting and creative ways to investigate topics in science, ecology and natural history. Academy students pay an applica- tion fee which includes free Garden admission for a year and entitles them to participate in seasonal classes held at the Garden, Shaw Arboretum and local parks. Classes are held on Saturdays and week- days after school. MoBot members are eligible to apply to take HSA courses at a reduced fee. Summer Science Camp The Henry Shaw Academy completed its second successful year with a summer-long Science Camp for students who are interested in science, natural his- tory and outdoor studies. The Science Camp focuses on providing opportunities for students to gain ‘hands-on’ experi- ences in a variety of science classes, out- door ‘field’ programs, overnight and extended camping field trips. Teachers, counselors and experienced outdoor educators use the Garden’s Shaw Arbore- tum, greenhouses, facilities and knowledgeable staff as well as local parks and rivers to provide unique programs and classes. Fall-Winter Classes The academy has expanded its course offerings this fall (September-December) and winter January-February) to include after-school programs: The World Through a Microscope; Tropical Rain Forest Discoveries; Make a Nature Video; Creating Personal Herbariums; Botanical Illustration; Plants for People; Developing Discovery Skills; and more. Unique and varied subjects are taught in full and half-day Saturday classes. This winter’s classes will include Maple Syrup Making at the Arboretum, Cave Explora- tions, Tropical Rain Forest Plants, Secrets of the Winter Forest, and Plant Propagation. There are still openings for winter classes and some fall classes. For more information call 577-5135 or 577-5140. Moving? Please Remember To Send Us Your New Address. To avoid missing any of your membership mailings, you must give us your new address at least three weeks before you move. Please enclose the mailing label on the back cover of this Bulletin, and mail to: Membership Office, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. In Honor Of: Mrs. Faye Beth Baer Mr. S. Charles Baer Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Robin Barnes Mr. and Mrs. A. Charles Roland III Mr. James T. Barry Miss Margaret O’Brien Mrs. Hilda R. Becker Mr. Joe Roth Andrew Benkendorf Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Edie Binder Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Bindler Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Dr. Subir K. Bose Dr. Evangelia Vretou Mrs. Maria J. Weingartner Robert Bowden Mr. and Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Jack Broemmelsick Dr. Helen M. Aff-Drum Mr. and Mrs. Marvin Burstein Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Carlson Mr. and Mrs. Frank W. Miller Mr. and Mrs. Powell Niland Mrs. Ann Case Mrs. Richard J. George Mr. and Mrs. Sanford Comensky Mr. and Mrs. Bernard H. Sirkin Mrs. Barbara Z. Cook Mr. Harold S. Cook Mrs. Joan Cornblath Dr. and Mrs. David M. Kipnis Michael S. Olson has been appointed controller of the Missouri Botanical Gar- den effective August 22, 1989. As con- troller, Olson is the Garden’s chief financial officer. Working with the Trus- tees, Director’s Office, and Garden departments, Olson is responsible for planning and administering the Garden's operating and capital budgets, invest- ments, and other financial concerns, such as insurance. The controller traditionally serves as the secretary of the Board of Trustees, and Olson was elected to this office at the centennial meeting of the Board on September 20. Olson joins the Garden after serving as corporate controller for the HBE Cor- poration, where he worked since 1986. From 1980 to 1986 he was senior accoun- Behind the Scenes Garden Names New Controller Groskreutz in Kankakee, Illinois. Olson also has extensive experience in the not- for-profit sector. A graduate of Northern Illinois University, he is a certified public accountant, licensed in Missouri and Illinois. “We are delighted to have Mike with us,” said Dr. Marshall R. Crosby, assis- tant director. “The Missouri Botanical Garden is a financially complex place, with revenues derived from many sources, and expenditures in many areas to support our educational, horticultural, and display activities. Mike’s previous experience suits him ideally for this position, and his long-time interest in natural history and the environment will serve him well as he becomes familiar with our programs and, we hope, a spokesperson for them.” Michael S. Olson Mr. and Mrs. Francis Davis Mr. and Mrs. Arthur F. Boettcher Jr. Mr. Theodore P. Desloge Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mrs. Ruth Dierkes Mark and Michael Raming Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Whittall Mrs. Mary Drey Mrs. Henry L. Freund Myra Dubinsky Mrs. Henry L. Freund David and Jacline Edwards Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ottum Mr. Aaron Fischer Mrs. Samuel D. Soule Mrs. Rosemary Flance Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mr. S. E. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Schulte Mr. Richard E. Turner Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Froehlich Miss Gerry Barnholtz Miss Marian Barnholtz Dr. Bernard T. Garfinkel Mr. and Mrs. Alfred E. Goldman Mr. and Mrs. Paul Gelner Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Koehr Mr. Fred Goldberg Mrs. Peggy R. Hellman Mr. and Mrs. Peter H. Husch Grass Roots Garden Club Mrs. Paula Kipnis Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Harris Mrs. Blanche J. Freed Mr. Dwight Hatcher The Govenor French Academy, Inc. Dr. John E. Helzer Ms. Linda B. Salamon Helen Jean Heyman Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff tant at Topping, Gianotti, Payne and AWaleibitscm JULY-Aucust 1989 Dr. Ira Kodner Mr. and Mrs. Blanton Whitmire Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Landry Mr. and Mrs. Norman Schute Mr. Morris J. Levin Mr. and Mrs. Nathan B. Kaufman Mrs. Marian Jeane Lewin Mrs. Rose Floret Mrs. James S. McDonnell Mrs. Howard H. Hubbell Mr. and Mrs. James I. Meadows Jr. Mrs. Virginia M. Epstein Mrs. Jeanne Milder Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Marilyn and Joel Monson Harriot and Parker Smith Mrs. Sis Newmark Mr. and Mrs. Albert Gerber Mr. Kenneth Nickel Les and Ruth Lottmann Syl and Lou Schomaker Robert and Maryan Noe Mrs. Toni Tower Mrs. Carl Otto Mrs. Charles W. Lorenz Mr. and Mrs. Chuck Parnes Mr. and Mrs. Donald Witt Mrs. Viola Paul Mrs. Jane Bartels Mr. and Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. John W. Calhoun Mr. and Mrs. Stanley L. Lopata Lydia Plattenburg Edward Mower Harriot and Parker Smith Mrs. Leon Rittenberg Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Rosenheim Mr. and Mrs. William Roller Dr. Harry S. Mendelsohn Mr. and Mrs. Alan Ross Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mr. Joseph Rothberg Mr. and Mrs. Stanley N. Hollander Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Saxdal Husni and Nadia Alul Mrs. Marie P. Cook Rose Marotta Robert and Mary Mudd Mrs. William H. Schield Grace Schillinger Tony and Colleen Shen Angelo and Carolyn Vassallo Mr. Nicholas Scharff Mr. and Mrs. S. I. Rothschild Jr. Mrs. Elsie Scherck Mr. and Mrs. S. I. Rothschild Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Schliebe Mr. and Mrs. Ervin G. Rott Mr. Harry Schloss Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Dr. Burton Shatz Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Goldberg Mr. and Mrs. Menlo Smith Mrs. Raymond E. Lange Mr. Mitchell Sonn Mr. and Mrs. Harold N. Kravin Mrs. Selma Soule Dr. and Mrs. Harold M. Cutler Dr. and Mrs. David M. Kipnis Mrs. Herbert S. Schiele Mrs. Jenny N. Strauss Wayne Spann Tad Hamilton Mr and Mrs. Howard Elzemeyer Mrs. George S. Metcalfe Mr. and Mrs. James Metcalfe Mr. Art Spitzfaden Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Bennetsen Miss Jamie Stern Mr. and Mrs. Richard Halpern continued on next page it; aie, continued Mr. and Mrs. Henry Stolar Mr. and Mrs. Vincent C. Schoemehl Jr. Eleanor Strassner Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr. Jay D. Straus Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mr. and Mrs. Harold M. Stuhl Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mrs. Marjorie Maddox Tooker Mr. William Pagenstecher Mr. John K. Wallace Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Bruce R. Yoder Brian Ward Mr. and Mrs. Theodore P. Desloge Jr. Mrs. Minna Brecher Wayne Mrs. Henry L. Freund Mrs. Patsy Weintraub Miss Evelyn Shapiro Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Wood Mr. and Mrs. Roy Weisheit Mrs. Susie Yoder Toni Breihan Judy Luepke In Memory Of: Dr. Oliver Abel III Dr. and Mrs. Charles Abel and Family Martha Bennett Abel Mr. and Mrs. Richard G. Abell Dr. and Mrs. Arthur I. Auer Mae and Joan Been Mr. and Mrs. Frank O. Bittner III Mr. and Mrs. Allen M. Borucke Mr. and Mrs. Milt Burmaster The Buzzotta Family Dr. and Mrs. M. Richard Carlin Mrs. Gerome Chambers Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Clark III Mr. and Mrs. William A. Clark Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Cook Mrs. John L. Davidson Jr. Mrs. Selma S. Dennis Dr. and Mrs. James L. Donahoe Joan and Ben Edwards Mr. and Mrs. Steve Erakovich Dr. and Mrs. William M. Fogarty Jr. Mrs. Townsend Foster Mr. and Mrs. Arnold M. Goldman Dr. and Mrs. Fleming B. Harper Mrs. Joseph H. Harper Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Harper Andrea Herrick and Family Mr. and Mrs. Albert J. Hitt Mr. and Mrs. Brooke Hoey Mr. and Mrs. Clinton U. Imboden Dr. and Mrs. Leonard Juarraia Dr. and Mrs. David M. Kipnis Mrs. Frank G. Kirtz Robert and Edna Wetterau Kroening Mr. and Mrs. Gerald T. Lawlor Mr. and Mrs. Frank B. Lawton Mr. Gary Manoogian Mr. and Mrs. Herbert W. Markwort Mrs. Carolyn C. Martin Mrs. Winifred H. Martin III Mr. and Mrs. James J. McKenna Dr. and Mrs. Edward J. Miller Missouri Botanical Garden Guides Missouri Botanical Garden Volunteer/Instructors Mr. and Mrs. George P. Mueller Mr. and Mrs. Michael N. Newmark Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Oertli Dr. and Mrs. Henry Onken Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Parshudie The Glenn Patton Family Mrs. Jane K. Pelton Mrs. Vina Petelle The Mike Rayburn Family Judith and Michelle Rosen Mr. and Mrs. John S. Ross Dr. Robert K. Royce St. Louis Herb Society Mr. Thomas Shocklin Harriot and Parker Smith Mrs. Donald Strominger Mr. and Mrs. Clarence A. Sweets Dr. and Mrs. Bryant Thompson Mr. and Mrs. P. Robyn Tobin Dr. and Mrs. Robert Vanderpearl Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Vigus Mr. and Mrs. Harry L. Weier Mr. and Mrs. Bruce R. Yoder Mr. Floyd Ahrens Mr. and Mrs. Eugene F. Padgitt Mrs. Enid Altvater Mr. and Mrs. William A. Frank Mr. and Mrs. William J. Hormberg Mr. and Mrs. Edward D. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Frederick R. Keydel Mrs. Lorene Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Moore Mr. John A. Anton Mr. and Mrs. Ronald G. Mueller Mrs. Jane Baer Mr. and Mrs. David Norr Miss Margaret Bargeon Miss Norma C. Kissner Mr. William Barnes Mr. and Mrs. John K. Lilly Mr. Elmer Bartmann Mrs. Lorine Ruhl Helen Bemis Mr. and Mrs. P. Scott King and Family Christopher Biraben Mrs. Jane A. Jacobs Mrs. Dorothy Birk Mr. and Mrs. Erwin R. Breihan Mr. Robert H. Blastenbrei Mr. and Mrs. Jack A. Blake Florence Bloch Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Mr. William G. Bock Mr. and Mrs. Lewis E. Bock Mrs. Opal L. Bosse Esther Bortscheller Karl and Cynthia Wolf Mrs. Anna Breading Mrs. Robert A. Humber Mrs. Betty V. Schramm Ms. Lynn K. Silence Esther Brothers Dr. and Mrs. George E. Mendelsohn Mr. Otis F. Bryan Mr. Robert Blackburn Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Salisbury Mrs. Mary Soulard Bull Mrs. Fred H. Krug Mrs. Gilbert T. Miller Mrs. Edith Campbell Mrs. E. W. Kaiser Mrs. Georgia D, Schwartz Mrs. Loretta Cannady Ms. Kelly J. Fitzgerald and Lauren Esther Carlson Arline Fischer Mr. J. Kehlor Carr Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Peterson Mrs. Helen Castaldi Miss Alma D. Simms Miss Myra Simms Mr. Ed Cochran Mr. and Mrs. Jack A. Blake Kathleen Conlon Mr. and Mrs. Charles O. Hermann Mrs. Elizabeth Conrad Mrs. George W. Skinner Mrs. Emily Cronheim Dr. and Mrs. Llewellyn Sale Jr. Mr. John Francis Cruise Mr. George R. Durnell Gerty Dellert Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Weinstock Mr. Anthony J. Dietz Mr. and Mrs. Tom Dietz Mr. Ray Eder Mr. and Mrs. Lester R. Adelson Mr. Jack Ansehl Mrs. Laura Mae Cassel Mr. and Mrs. Stephen C. Smith Mrs. James H. Endres Mrs. George W. Skinner Parents of Sallie Ervin Miss Dorothy Kohler Miss May A. Kohler Mr. Barrett Evans Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Miss Lorine Fader Mrs. Helen E. Fitzroy Amy L. Fallen Her Children Newborn Son Jack Fitzgerald Elizabeth Jewell Fitzgerald Martin Fitzgerald The above memorial was misspelled in the September Bulletin. We regret the error. Dr. Raymond P. Freeborg Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Maurer Mr. and Mrs. John A. Maurer Nina Russo Nancy M. Zimmerman Mrs. Adlyne Freund Mr. and Mrs. Van-Lear Black III Dr. and Mrs. Gunter Schmidt Antonia Buder Wiegand Dr. Herbert Charles Wiegand David Friedlander Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Frieda Frillman Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Frillman Mr. Carl B. Giebel Mr. and Mrs. Donald F. Barr Mrs. Mary Lee Gittins Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Palmer Mrs. Ella Goodhead Mrs. Clara LaVoise Faye Greenberg Mr. and Mrs. Herbert M. Talcoff Mrs. Etta Gudehus Mr. and Mrs. Philip M. Craig Mr. Theodore Guhman Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Forbes Mr. Walter E. Gustafson Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Till Miss Martha Hadley Mrs. Rosemary Jerden and Family Mr. Ronald Kohn Ms. Barbara Sloan Mr. and Mrs. George B. Sloan Mr. George B. Sloan Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Ernest B. West Sonny Hahs Mrs. Ora Hahs Dickemann Mr. Norman Winston Halls Mr. and Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. James S. McDonnell Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Sherman C. Parker Mr. and Mrs. W. Winston Rodormer Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. J. Kennard Streett Miss Edith L. Hammond Miss Bess J. Corn Mrs. George Harrigan Mrs. Warren C. Bruce Mrs. Irene C. Hess Miss Marian A. Marquard Mrs. Virginia Higgins David D. Stokes Family Mrs. Freda L. Hight Mr. and Mrs. Tom Shiff Mrs. Mildred Hubbard Mrs. Nancy R. Burke Mr. and Mrs. William C. Lortz Mother of Iris Mr. and Mrs. John R. Gannett Mrs. Edna Jokerst Ms. Lynn K. Silence Mr. Rich Keller Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Jordan Mr. B. F. King Mr. and Mrs. Oscar P. Hampton III Mrs. Helen Kletzker Mr. and Mrs. H. Ivis Johnston Mr. Russell A. Knight Mr. and Mrs. Alfred L. Poertner Mother of Elke Koch Mr. and Mrs. Erwin R. Breihan Mrs. Elva H. Koch Dr. and Mrs. Robert R. Anschuetz Mrs. Russell J. Crider Hempstead Family Ladue Garden Club Dr. and Mrs. John S. Skinner Ida Lapidus Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Schreiber Mrs. Louise E. LaTurno Mr. and Mrs. Clifford W. Murphy Mr. Otis D. Lovell Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Harper Dr. Thomas 0. Lyles Ms. Barbara K. Baker Dr. and Mrs. Julian W. Buser Ms. Carrie Butler Dr. and Mrs. M. Richard Carlin Ms. Diane M. Cune Ms. Sharon R. Currie Mr. and Mrs. Jerome P. Dundon Dr. and Mrs. Arthur H. Gale Ms. Velva R. Haven Mr. Don F. Hilleshem Ms. Wanda F. Kimberly Mr. David Malone Ms. Anita M. McDonald Michael L. Moneer Mr. and Mrs. Earnest Park Dr. Robert K. Royce St. Clair County Medical Society Dr. and Mrs. Brillante Santillan Linda Sher Mrs. Velma Sutton Mr. and Mrs. Aaron D. Turner Mrs. Rosalind Maas Mr. Harold S. Cook Beryl Manne Her Loving Children Mr. Elbert E. Marschel Botz, Deal & Company, P.C. Mrs. John Kilkenny Mrs. Melanie M. Martin Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Rice Suburban Journals Mr. Webster Martin Mr. and Mrs. Dean H. Kropp Mr. Charles Mayer Mrs. Gerome Chambers Missouri Botanical Garden— Volunteer/Instructors Mrs. J. Spencer McCourtney Mr. and Mrs. J. Marion Engler Mrs. Ellen McLiney Mr. and Mrs. Alphonse F. Dames Jr. ey Gen. and Mrs. Walter I. iller Mrs. Arden M. Fisher Mr. Fred Minnigerode Mr. David Fox Mrs. John Morfit Mrs. H. M. Engelhorn Mr. Leo G. Noblot Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Swinford Judy Northington Abasy International Investments, Inc. Patti Alexander Broadway Oyster Bar Sharon Cody Richard Pollock Joan Thomas David Udell Mr. Charles Orner Arthur Andersen & Co. Mr. Stephen B. Berberich Mr. Stephen A. Elliott Mr. Ronald J. Kanterman Mr. and Mrs. Michael G. McGrath Mr. and Mrs. O. Paul Reinert Mr. and Mrs. John R. Roberts Mr. Stanley R. West Mrs. Harry E. Papin Jr. Mrs. Alexander M. Bakewell Mrs. Marye Parsons Mrs. Dorothy Dwyer Mr. Dionisio Pasia Mrs. Wesley E. Hayek Miriam M. Pfeffle Dotzauer & Runde Mrs. Myrtle E. Taus Mr. Henry B. Pflager II Mr. and Mrs. I. A. Long Mr. and Mrs. James F. Mauze Helen Phelan Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Grommet Mr. William Phillips Bridgeton Kiwanis Club Mr. and Mrs. David V. Jozwiak Mr. M. David Tayabji Mr. Larry J. Pirio Mrs. Edith M. Alesch Chery! Benjamin Miss Wauneta Booth Mrs. Gerome Chambers Mrs. Martin Cliffe Jill Gordon Georgette Henry Sue Hooker Mrs. Susane Kinney Mrs. H. A. LaBarr Cissy Lacks Mrs. R. Jeanne McGilligan Mercy Ambulance Service, Inc. Olga H. Pirio Joyce Rich Lois Severin Sigma Chemical Company- Microbiology Dept. Sigma Chemical Company- Packaging Dept. Della Sprehe Mrs. C. L. Washburne June Zotti Mr. Philo John Rapp Dr. and Mrs. Stephen F. Bowen Jr. Miss Dolores J. Courtney Mr. and Mrs. Derick Dnemeyer Dennis C. Dunaway Sharon C. Dunaway Mr. and Mrs. Bruce English Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. George Sandra and Darrell Ingram Employees of McDonnell Douglas, Dept. 761 Employees of McDonnell Douglas, Dept. 761—St. Charles Dr. and Mrs. Joseph K. McKinney Mrs. Ralph W. Morrison Mrs. Daniel J. Pacey Dr. and Mrs. William H. Sheffield Mrs. Joseph K. Walker Mrs. Thomas L. Yount Mrs. Gladys Remme Mr. and Mrs. Erwin R. Breihan Mrs. Dwight W. Coultas Mrs. Norma M. Silber Mr. Bertram Richardson Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. Cornwell Mrs. Ethel Rosenberg Ms. Emmy Behrens Mrs. Rita Rosenblum Mr. and Mrs. Myron Glassberg Mr. and Mrs. Jerome M. Steiner Mrs. Irene C. Ross Miss Helen Novak Mrs. Julian G. Samuels Mrs. Helen C. Maurer Col. William F. Schless Virginia Senkosky Mrs. Henriette Schotten Miss Marjorie Stauss Mrs. Mathilda K. Schueren Miss Lynda Stair Mrs. Dora Schulz Mr. and Mrs. William Dorr Sr. Mr. Wm. D. Serbi Mrs. William Belcher Mr. and Mrs. James A. Bilhorn a Mr. and Mrs. John Dinga Mr. and Mrs. Theodore E. Knickmeyer Mr. and Mrs. W. O. McConnell Mr. and Mrs. Tom McSorley Modes Benefits Section Modes UI Data Processing Mrs. Earl Shepard Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Hunter Mr. George Shoji Mr. and Mrs. Nabeshima Mrs. Kay Shoji Mr. Fred L. Spencer Mrs. Margaret McCormick Mr. Paul Stark Jr. Mrs. Lewis W. Baldwin Jr. Mrs. William Bixby Jr. Dr. and Mrs. James T. Chamness Mr. and Mrs. William R. Orthwein Jr. Mrs. A. Timon Primm III Dr. and Mrs. Peter H. Raven Mr. and Mrs. Edwin G. Russell Mr. and Mrs. Henry T. Schlapp Mrs. A. Wessel Shapleigh Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Thompson Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John S. Wagner Sarah Steinman Mr. and Mrs. Anton M. Kochan Mrs. George Stewart Mr. and Mrs. Peter H. Husch Dr. and Mrs. Llewellyn Sale Jr. Mr. Saul Sussman Mrs. Harry Agress Mr. John E. Reid Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Ruwitch Marie J. Tanner Bob and Sue Madden Mr. Kurt Thurmann The Manfred Thurmann Family Mrs. Bettye Thurmond Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Cuneo Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Ellston Mr. and Mrs. George B. Hagee Mayor and Board of Aldermen- City of Clayton Mr. Hugh Scott III Dr. Joseph W. Towle Mrs. Robert H. Kittner Dr. and Mrs. Roy W. Osterkamp Mr. Wilbur Trueblood Jr. The Belz Family Mrs. Townsend Foster Dr. and Mrs. A. C. Trueblood Jr. Raymond A. Wadsack Jr. Mrs. Sue E. Wadsack and Jessica Dr. Adam C. Walther Mildred Guggenbuehler Miss Norma C. Kissner Mr. and Mrs. John S. Ross Mr. Roger J. Wenzel Mrs. R. Bentzinger Rev. and Mrs. Wilbert Burmeister Mrs. Joan Corwin Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Svoboda Mrs. Alma White Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Power Joni Wolf Mr. and Mrs. Brent Stansen Mr. Frank Wolff Sr. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph O. Losos Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Schonwald Rev. David 0. Wright Mr. and Mrs. Clifford W. Murphy Board of Trustees Mr. Robert E. Kresko President Dr. Marguerite Ross Barnett Rev. Lawrence Biondi, S.J. Mr. Gerald D. Blatherwick Mr. Stephen F. Brauer Mr. William H. T. Bush Mr. Jules D. Campbell Dr. William H. Danforth Mr. Samuel B. Hayes Mr. Robert R. Hermann Rt. Rev. William A. Jones, Jr. Mr. David W. Kemper Mr. Charles F. Knight Mr. William E. Maritz Mr. James S. McDonnell III The Hon. Gene McNary Mr. Lucius B. Morse III Mrs. Fred A. Oberheide Mr. William R. Orthwein, Jr. Mrs. Vernon W. Piper Mrs. Lucianna Gladney Ross Dr. Howard A. Schneiderman The Hon. Vincent C. Schoemehl, Jr. Mr. Sydney M. Shoenberg, Jr. Mr. C. C. Johnson Spink Mrs. Walter G. Stern Mr. Andrew C. Taylor Dr. Joyce M. Thomas Mr. John K. Wallace, Jr. Mr. O. Sage Wightman III EMERITUS TRUSTEES Mr. Howard F. Baer Mr. Clarence C. Barksdale Mr. Joseph H. Bascom Mr. John H. Biggs Mr. Sam'l C. Davis Dr. Thomas S. Hall Mr. Henry Hitchcock Mrs. Anne L. Lehmann Mr. Joseph F. Ruwitch Mr. Louis S. Sachs Mr. Daniel L. Schlafly Mr. Warren M. Shapleigh Mr. Robert Brookings Smith Mr. Tom K. Smith, Jr. Mrs. Harriet Spoehrer Mr. Harry E. Wuertenbaecher, Jr. HONORARY TRUSTEES Dr. Mildred Mathias Prof. Phillippe Morat DIRECTOR Dr. Peter H. Raven MEMBERS’ BOARD Mrs. Henry W. Dubinsky President Mrs. Rudyard K. Rapp Mrs. Antonio I. Longrais Mrs. Robert J. Senkosky Mr. Frederick H. Atwood III 19. SNEAK PREVIEW! See Climatron Construction in Progress During the first weekend of the Fall Flower Show, Garden visitors will be able to tour the Climatron and see the renovation work in progress. The Climatron will be open to Members during Thursday’s Premiere and Friday's Preview. It will be open to the public from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Saturday and Sunday, Novem- ber 4 and 5. Docents will be on hand in the Climatron to answer questions throughout the Members’ evenings and from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Don't miss this exclusive opportunity to see the first stages of many exciting exhibits!