JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN VOLUME XXIX, 1928 PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE DAVID LYDIG FUND BEQUEATHED BY CHARLES P. DALY JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR MARSHALL AVERY HOWE VOLUME XXIX WITH 50 TEXT-FIGURES 1928 Published for the Garden AT LIME AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, PA. THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Henry W. ve Forest, President R. A. H. Henry dE Forest BALDWIN, ue President Josera Pp HENNESSY F. K. Srurats, Vice Presiden ous LewIsoHN Joun L. Merritt, atin foe HK. ge L. Britron, Secretary BAmINON Mooi Epwarp D. ADAMS P. Morcan Marston T. Bocert Lewis Rur a ao Georce S. Brewster Frenertc R. New ICHOLAS Murray BUTLER H. Hoparr Pa Cuartes P, Berke ENR R Rosert W. DE Forest eens J. Ryan CuiLps Frick pee a ScHIFF ae J. Warxer, Mayor of the City WN. RR. Herrick, President of the Daperinent of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harver, lee D., Chairman H. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D. Y, GEORGE GARDEN STAFF Curator rae Paleobotanist Dz mt Pathologist ORMAN T. “McLean, M. By Pa Dede seis Supervisor of Dae Education OHN HENDLEY BARNHART, "A Mi Mi Di -ussact eens iseeienas Pe aaa ERCY WILSON Associate Curat ALMYRE DE C. a HELL Associate Curie ARAH H. Har A.M. Librarian I. H. Ruszy, CD. Maat Honorary Curator x the Economic Collections LIZABETH G. BRITION vs sssssseesscsucescass norary Curator of Mosses fary E. Eaton ritst oBerT S. WILLIAMS laa ee Assistant . J. ALEXANDER Ass t Curator Atpert C. SmitH, A. B. Assi ae t Curator LYDE CHANDLER, ie M. ate! Assistant KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. ‘ardener H. M. Denstow, “A. M,, D. D. ..... Honorary Custodian of Local es tnat E. B. SouTHWICK, Pie: De setiis co aia ieee Custodian of Herbaceous Groun ETHEL ANSON S. Peck am Honorary Curator, Iris end Narcissus Colle miles OHN BRr LEY, C. E. oe scape Engineer ALTER §, GROESBECK erk a Gee tanta ARTHUR J. CORBETT .....-0. 00-0005 Superintendent of Gea and Grou MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION Edward D. — J. Horace Harding Sben E. Olcott Vi incent Ast J. Montgomery Hare rof. Henry F. Osborn UE Ane Edward S. Harkness has. Lathrop Pack ohn W. Auchincloss Prof. R. A. Harper 2ufus L. Patterson xeorge F, Baker Havemeyer Tenry Phipps tephen Baker AH ere . R. Pierson Tenry de Fert ue Hon, P. Hennessy James R. Pitcher dmund L. Baylie Fred tiericke ee Hill I. Hobart Porter rof, Charles P. Berkey Anton G. Hodenpyl Johnston L. Redmond K. ili rcher M. Huntington gden Mills Reid ge Blumenthal Adrian Iselin D. Rockefeller Marston T. B t alter Jennings V. Emlen Roosevelt e rett tto H. Kahn _R eorge S. Brewster Darwin P. Kingsley Hon. George J. an Tof. ritt dolph Lewisohn r. Reginald H. Sayre t. Nicholas M. Butler Frederick J. Lism fortimer L. Schi rof. W. H. Carpenter Kenneth K. Mackenzie Jenry A. Siebrecht farin Le Brun Coope V. Everit Macy os P. Snyd ames W. Cro: tH Ed L. Marston J s Speyer Tenry W. de Forest W. J. Matheson rederiee ee Robert W. de Forest eorge McAneny oe ev. Dr. H. M. Denslow John L. Merrill 8. Benjamin T. Fairchild Ogden Mills ee i “Thompson Willi C. Ferguson on. Ogden L. Mills Louis C. Tiffan: Marshal! Fiel de la Montagn lix M. Warbur g lliam B. O. Field Barrington Moore Paul M ‘burg Childs Frick J. Pierpont Morgan ae Wardwell Daniel Guggenheim Dr. Lewis R. Morris ae: Westinghouse Murry Guggenheim Dr. Robert T. Morris nson Winthrop Frederic R. Newbold on L. Winthrop MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner, Miss Pecuen. S. Hamilton Mrs, Roswell Mille Chairman Mrs. Barton Hepburn Mrs. Wheeler H. Pectin Mrs. Samuel Sloan, Mrs. oe Cc. Hill orge W. Perkins reta! Mrs, Frederick C. Hodgdon Mrs. Harold I. Pratt Mrs. Robert B: Mrs. Walter Jennings Mrs. Wm. Kelly Prentice Miss Eliz orks Billings Mrs. Bradish Johnson. Mrs, James Roosevelt rs. ward C. Bodman Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. Charles H. Stout Mrs. N. L. Britton Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel Mrs. Theron G. Stron; Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. William A. Leckwoad Mrs. Henry O. Taylor Mrs. Fred. A. Constable Mrs. A. A. Low rs. John T. ae Mrs. Charles D. Dickey Mrs. David Ives Mackie Mrs. Harold McL. Turner Mrs. John W. Draper Mrs. John R. McGinley Mrs. Louise Beebe Wilder Mrs, Carl A. de Gersdorff Mrs. William oodin HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. E. Henry Harriman TABLE OF CONTENTS No. 337. JANUARY The Royal Palm-—Roystonea regia The Selection of Shrubs for Home Planting ....................000. 10 I I 192 It Doctor W. Gilman Thompson 13 Conference Notes for November 14 Conference Notes for December 15 Notes, News, and Comment 17 Accessions 20 No. 338. FEesBRuary The Bulbs and re fags of Lilies 25 Resolutions Relativ the Services of Doctor Frederic S. Lee to The ew Yo ie Bolanice 1 Ga: fden 42 Fer. s Hou lants 45 Pl ‘Lectures during ges and. March wisactaeaerdsy ekiwoees 48 Notes, News, and Com 48 No. 339. Marcu Daffodils 49 The Imperial Gardens at Schénbrunn or us that are Attractive in Fruit 70 A Nat: ee oo tion Homers Interests Projected.......... 72 Notes, and Com: 73 Acce 74 No. 340, APRIL The Awards and Prize-winning plans in the 1928 Small Garden Com- petition a7 Publications of the Staff, Scholars, one Pay of The New York Botanical Garden during the year 1927 i65o5/ohived-nedeus tenn 85 Dr. Small’s ar with Mr. Edison. 92 Conference Renae and. February: jc2 s+ eceuediiccies ads 04 Notes, News, and ce 04 Accessions 96 No. 341. May Forestry and Agriculture in Porto Rico 101 Araleas a the Flower Show 105 The herman Hoyt Collection of Living Desert Plants...... 108 The Present Sree a Organic Evolution II Conference Not r Mar 7 113 Conference Not ae April IIS ublic Lec ve during 4 anal and May 116 Notes, News, and Com 116 feces ions 120 2. JUNE Gladiolus, Wild and Culti 125 Farming for Bouquets on ihe Céte d’Azur 130 Ornamental Plants of the ae 136 ae erbert ic] 137 lic ze during Jane and July 138 Notes, 139 ‘Accession 143 viii CONTENTS No. 343. Jury Botanical Fields, Historic and ance oe oe en Killed by a tee aie ataeias and Com: No. 344. Auc Botanical Fields, Historic es Prehistoric pert 185 ale cting a Nationa = ve bh cia ial ge ie agence + 209 it Jenn Innes nad 210 928 Dah lia Coleeren bus Pa ncasee estore eee 211 Public roe during a and September pak Pig and Comment .........00:ececeee ener ence eee tenes 213 Ace: = 214 No. 345. SEPTEMBER Naturalizing Bulbs 217 Botanical Fields, Historic and Prehistoric (continued) .............. 223 Japanese and Siberian a 235 List of Gladiolus Grow e New York a Garden, 1928 .. 239 Visit of a Distinguished aden Of Willows 0.0... cece eee eee eee 243 Notes, News, and Comment 244 ‘Accessions 246 No. 346. OctToBEer Phlo The Wild Flowers of South Africa The oe - a . Joseph Edward K ‘ood Bequest of | the ae Collection of Asters ...........0e cece eee eee Pu pie Lectures during oe and November Notes, News, and Comme: No. 347. NovEMBER A da Semulats of the Pinetum 273 The Story of the Redwoods 281 Life Zones of the Rocky Mountains The Herbarium of Eugene A. Rai 284 Barrett’s “Th opical - 285 Notes, News, and Comment 287 Accessions 290 No. 348. DECEMBER Growing es Seed 297 Tulips Planted i 299 Students and ‘Teachers of all Ages Visit The New York Botanical 302 Mrs. Henry Marquand 304 Mrs. Britton and the Lantern-Slide Collection ........ 0... ee 305 The Chocolate Tree Fruiting under Glass . ve. 306 Conference Notes for November amuacnak we. 306 Sherlock’s “City and Suburban Gardening” ..... 2 308 Lectures and Dem anaes during December ... 310 Notes, News, and Comment ...................8. . 310 Accessions 311 Index to Volume XXIX silat activate nas ana t en tte 317 VOL. XXIX JANUARY, 1928 No, 337 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YorK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE ROYAL PALM~—ROYSTONEA REGIA Joun K THE SELECTION OF SHRUBS FOR HOME PLANTING Vic S CHRYSANTHEMUMS = — KennetH R. Boy: DOCTOR W. GILMAN THOMPSON N. L. Britron CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER CONFERENCE NOTES FOR DECEMBER NOTES, NEWS. ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At Livg anp GEeen STREeEts, ee Pa. Tas Scrence Press Printine CoMPany Bntered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Henry W. ve Forest, President R, A, HarPer Henry De Forest ea oer Fre President JosrrH P. Lio F. K. Srur Pre. ADOL £ crs, Vice PH LEWwISOH: Joun L, Merxizt, ides NETH. Macranze L. Barrton, Secretary BARRINGTON Epwarp D, Apams . P. Mor Grorce S. Brewster Lewis RutHeRFurD Morris Nicwotas Morray Butter F R. NewzRoLp BERKE H, Hosart Por’ OBERT DE s' Henry H. CHILDS ae Stato E Wiuram J. G ie ‘Scarre AMES Was Mayor of the City ys New. Yor W srs J R. Herrick, President of the Department of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pa. D., Chairman Wriuam J. Gres, Px. D. Cuastes P. Beare, Pa, D. Henry H. Russy, M. D. Nigpouss oT y Butter, Pu. D., Grorce J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF N. L. Brrrton, Pu. D., Sc.D, LL. D. oo. c cece eee eens Director-in-Chief Magrsgatr A. ew Pu. a Se Di. cation Seantateaevsacy ole Assistant Director Joun K. Smazt, Pa. D., Sc. D. ...... 2... ee Head Curator Of | the Museums A. B, Stout, en HD. Director of the Laboratories P, A, Rypnerc, Pa. D. Curator A, Gueason, Px. D. Curator Frep, J. Seaver, Pu. D. Curator Artsur Hotticr, Ps. D. Paleobotanist Percy Wizso; Associate Curator Parmyre ve C. MitcHELL Assoctate Curator oe HENDLEY aa ALMA, My Devise. ccc sidiete Sede taiys Bibliographer a H. ee A. M. Librarian a a Russy, M. ve siisco beast Honorary Curator pus ike Economic Collections Fugkere Ks BRITTON ....0ccecceceeeeceereee ‘ary Curator of pris Mary E. Eaton : Ar = Rozert S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistani KennetH R. Bornvon, B. S. Head Gane 2 - Denstow, A. M., a De esiee Honorary Custodian of Local Gp teins B. SourHwick, Piz: Diieecc scenes Custodian of Fiddatiag Grou! Ents Egy fos S. Peckwam. Honorary Curator, Iris and tle tions on scape Engineer VALTER Ss. Guoasbeck ‘k and Shieh ArTHur J. CORBETT ..........++55 Superintendent of Buildin and Gro’ JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXIX January, 1928 No. 337 THE ROYAL-PALM — ROYSTONEA REGIA The fact that the most stately of our native oa should nn eluded “ notice of ¢ explorers i in Florida up to as late a dat Florida peninsula had not been penetrated by the white man. The year 1920 found us quite accurately acquainted with the existing geographic distribution of the royal-palm (Roystonea regia) in Florida. In past ages, perhaps, its geographic area was more extensive and the plants more evenly distributed. At pres- ent, this palm occurs, in a native condition, in several isolated, dis- nies, is L g ; - ee backward, is eeecas poe in its detail and in its brevity —in fact, the definite evidence leads into oblivion within the short space of little over half a century. In the later-published tree books we may find definite and con- “ Florida, ener on i [Rogers] River ‘wenty miles east of Caximbas Bay, Long’s [Long] aoe ce Ps shores of Bav Biscayne near the mouth of Little Riv 1 Nathaniel Lord Britton, Tree Book, 143. 1908. 2 Charles Sprague Sargent, Manual, 114. 1903. I 2 A decade earlier it is recorded that the royal-palm “ inhabits R n man (Curtiss), near oe mouth of Little River, and on Elliott? s Key; “ A tree 18-30 meters in height, with a trunk 0.60 meters in Panes rich hummo os often forming extensive groves; in Florida rare and local.” Writing of the di Hey of the royal-palm in Florida, C. S. Sargent says: “ Another West Indian species, Oreodoxa regia— Royal Palm, which is common in Cuba, extends into southern Florida, . . . The presence ‘Of a lofty Palm in southern Florid: a later Mr. A. H. Curtiss established the fact of its presence on Rogue’s [Rogers] River and Long’s ae nae In the same year he also says: “ The name of the person whe discovered Oreodoxa regia in the United Seiei is not known.’ en in a foot-note he continues: “ Nuttall,® in his preface to The 3 Charles Sprague Sargent, Silva 10: 31. 18096. 4 yee Pa Sargent, Report on the Forests of North Amer- ica, 218. 1883. 5 Ga Sprague ae rgent, Garden and Forest g: 152. 1806. 6 Thomas Nuttall was born 5 January, 1786, at Long Preston, near Settle, Yorkshi e became a journeyman pr: rT, a early ac- ired a tast During thirty-three years of residence in th n ates, from 1808 to 1841, he devoted most of his time to botanical study, collecting plants not only in the northeastern states, t in t , the south, across the Rockies and o e on the “ Genera of North American plants,” as well as numer important contributions to botanical literature. He also became well known as an ean In 1841 he returned to England, and made his hom “Nutgrove,” a small estate near Rainhill, Prescot, ae casters, aha a died 10 September, 1859—JoHn Hen ART. pue saazj 3B1e] asay} ‘MjUBSIS Jo a81e[ aie ynoge ‘sued jesaaag “MOIEpUNOF YOI dy) $19A09 YDIYM snuiny aind jsowye ur Mois ‘sued oy} s¥B [ja se ‘spuly sa]][eWIs Aueut IV ‘s}eey-ues pues ‘spoomaour ‘sXeq-par ‘s1j8uoq-1933nq ‘soquij]-oquins ‘sorseut ‘sumyd-uoaaid ‘syeo-aaly S]usa]a JOfeM asoYM UOTVEIaZIA paAea|-peoOIg JO YMOIS ayt dA0ge JBMO} [[B} Joey AZITY] puke paipuny auo *y89M Buryoo] ‘yleq ajeiG wyeg [ekoy ay} ul yoounwmey wyeg jedoy jo Wed ussyj}sou oy, “I FUNDY ee ee = 5 I Ppt 3 eS aE rea 4 Sylva of North America (viii), states that he was informed of from the coast in east Florid: his must have been Oreo- doxa regia, It was seen by Dr. G. Cooper,’ in e shores of Bay Biscayne, where Dr. A. ber® subsequently collected it, and its existence [Roger’s] River and ng’s [Long] Key was established by Mr. iss.”? “The Palm mentioned by ttall in the introduction to his Sylva is found, I was informed by several persons, in large Palm’ (Oreodoxa oleracea, Mart.). This was evidently the palm 7 James Graham Cooper, son of the well-known ornithologist, Wil- liam Cooper (1798-1864), was born in New York City, 19 June, 1830. tudie i uati cia! tributions to botanical literature. oe a a that his health was never robust, he accomplished a vast amoun ork, and lived to the age of seventy-two years. He died at Ha ae ee da r+ was born 3 Fe bruary, 1838, at Columbia, nnsy He gradua from ve tte College in 1868, and studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, receiving his de- gree in 1872, He nt to southern Florida as -seeker about 1877, and while there devoted ‘much time to the collection of the plants hi n, ose flora was then little know: n 1880 he also collected aa in Port a n 1881 he returned to Pennsylvania and died there, at Ren ame year, 26 August.— 9 Charles ees nes ae 10: 32, 1806. 6 found eh Lace ened in 1774» near Lake Dexter, on the St. Joh 8° me were thirty i in length. (Travels, page 114.) As no one has seen uttall writes as ae in his Sylva “In the islands of the Everglades, ees inland in East i d that a Florida, we have been pie that ut 90 feet high, fo magnificent tree, has been seen, but of this pla have been unable to obtain, as yet, am rther account.” nor details and some errors. The palm attributed to Long’s [Long] Key and to Elliott’s Key is evidently Pseudophoenix and Roysto The royal-palm has not been fo 0 ida mainland, at pan not on the islands of the Reef. ex ark palm in the Continental United States and makes William Ba tram the discoverer of it this side of the Gulf Stream. Bartram statement runs as follows: “ The Indian not returning this morning, I set sail alone. The coasts along the St. John’s River, south of Lake George, on each side had much the same appearance as already described. The he t Kin s of the garden—at fir ae brother John, later, Colonel Carr— and it was there that he died, 22 July, 1823— 11James Graham Cooper, Ann, Rep Smithsonian. Institution, 1860: o. 1861. 12 Thomas Nuttall, North American Sylva 4: viii, 1842. Ficure 3. In Royal Palm hammock on western coast (Collier Co.) of Florida. A natura al group of palms of various ages. When rodents and ale natural enemies of this palm, are not too destructive, palms spring ntinue to grow in colonies. However, two other agents have not Pemcved nctuiduals but sometimes wiped out whole colonies, either oy “digging them up for ornamental plantings or by vandalism—wanton burning of the fhanamoek: —Photograph by W. M. Buswell. 8 palm-trees here seem to be of a different species from the cabbage tree; their straight trunks are sixty, ei , or ninety feet high, with a beautiful taper, of a bright ash colour, until within six or seven feet , where it is a fine green colour, crowned Now, palm mentioned by Bartram could have been nothing else but | a al-palm. We may, then, consider that up to a cen- tury ago this an grew faeaeally up to the northern part of the Florida Peninsula, carried northward by birds, and existed there : . ; d th owing to a pro a pell, or generations ago by ae uae who, doubtless, used this palm in i r domestic econ any rate the palm was there, and, apparently, it has com mya nt red. All this evidence, although inde indicates, among other things, a up to about a century a lorida had a protracted warmer and perhaps less change: ne "aie that the sporadic occurrence a tropical and semitropical plants in the more north- ng, it intensely interesting problems, considered from the past, present, future have happened in the thirties of the last — in ene r : on, an insect pest has recently been imported which bids fair to exterminate the cultivated royal-palms, if not promp tly checked. g 18 William Bartram, Travels in North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, 113-114. 1792. 9 If it gets headway on the native ones, the royal-palm will soon dis- appear from the State. The royal-palm has quite a suis Legace range in Flor- ida. It is represented naturally in only three counties—Dade, Monroe, and Collier. The colony of ane Bay pan region is in a precarious condition, if it is not already exterminated. higher island n Thousand Islands; all in Monroe aunty. In Collier ees there are royal mmocks sev- eral miles east of sland. Further inland i h- Ti ea: th n the Fahkal natchee Cypress re is a stretch of the royal-palms extending for fifteen miles north and south just west af Deep Lake. The old trees are quite safe, as a rule, while tl ea last, but the been da ° spec n the country that was ie aie and well known as most prolific in vegetable life, the natural plant resources are changing or disappearing most rapidly, largely through the c lessness and vandalism of the white man. The royal-palm was formally described and published, in 1815, from specimens collected near Havana, Cuba, or twenty-five years n the es ic name a codoxa, ae this was unten- it aspect of aa the royal-palm alone suggests artificiality. ll gray symmetrical typically unblemished concrete-like col- 3 a long, narrower, ona apical ferrule (leaf-sheaths), which emits from its top a great plume of gigantic dark-green feathers (leaves), gives us ee bizarre in our flora. Joun K. SMatt. 10 THE SELECTION OF SHRUBS FOR HOME PLANTING? of the a hings advocated in the selection of shrubs for home planting was that each person should really give some sale alec a eaht to his yard and in a it himself should be original and show some individuality. There altogethe incli rado Blue Spruce, the Um! a Catalpa, and the Weeping Mul- berry, should not be used in the front lawn just because the neigh e them. If one would sto hink, Id soon real- ize that these excessively conspicuous plants are entirely out of place in the front lawn. Another point strongly emphasized was the fact that we should always pick shrubs adapted and fitted to the location. It will we are using them in an ditornal ees ardiness is another important factor so often overlooked, for there are plenty of good hardy shrubs so that we need not try to . : : depend on those which die back every year is line, the speaker advised buying the material direct from a reliable nursery rather m house to house peddlers of nursery d tock, since these as often know little or nothing about what a are sellin 1 ways nds interest and so we may make our home h tively low planting, Lemoine Deutzia, Froebel Spirea, Golden St. Johnswort, Kerria, Coralberry, Japanese Barberry, Fragrant 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at a New York Botanical Garden on ry afternoon, November 6, Il Sumac, and Thunberg Spirea; for slightly taller shrubs, growing from four to six feet high, Sweetshrub (Calycanthus floridus), Jetbead, Goldentwig Dogwood, he Privet, Regel Privet, Winter Honeysuckle, Eva Rathke Weigela; for tall shrubs, growing from six to twelve feet or more, Coral Dogwood, Double White Deutzia, Winged Euonymus, Border Forsythia, European Privet, Tatarian Honeysuckle, Sweet Mock-orange, Goldleaf Ninebark, oh aces, e it is so often diffi n eee Arrowwood, Wayfaring 'Tree, and European pak berry ss ha ene further information on these subjects were t stations, or to the United States Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C., for bulletins on these various lines. Victor H. Rigs. CHRYSANTHEMUMS (1927) The photograph (Ficure 4) shows a corner of the latest dis- play of chrysanthemums at The New Yo Botanical Garden. Through the interest of Mr. Elmer D. Smith, the chrysanthemum hybridist, a diversified aeeiont is ee ari eee in the Cen- tral Display House, Conservatory Range Some three hundred plants of about one hundred er were hae in 192 e season was a fairly good growing one, the only drawback being the earliness of blooming, so that the flowers were gone sooner E it favorite cual single variety Anna. These were all exhibited last year and newer sorts added. Mention may be made of the large artistic singles Jean, white, and Laona, pink. These are larger than Anna, with more shaggy appearance. ‘he emely attractive new anemone types are Saclay by ones light pink; Berneita, pink and white; Nokomis, A group of single, a anemone, and pompon chrysanthemums in the Central Display House of Conservatory Range 2 of The New York Botanical Garden, November, 1927. Photograph by Mr. Sigurd Fischer. amaranth and whit ite, and Tronesta, an early pink. In this section mum schedule is being met by new varieties each year 13 n our collection Minong, white, Gold Coin, yellow, Muskoka, bronze, and Unalga, yellow, were favorites. ommercial and exhibition class of pompon varieties de- a an ever extending range. Varieties with large flowers gro § pot plants; varieties suitable for disbudding to make et cut flower mele baby or button types as cut flowers and, more useful, as pot plants; and varieties with differing ia dates, héights, and decorative values, are in our autumn show. KennetH R. Boynton. DOCTOR W. GILMAN THOMPSON ee ack the death of Dr. W. Gilman Thompson, The New its ea ee we wel ae his i 7 sues ae art label toa to 1922. During all these years he was very seldom absent from en meeting. He visited the Garden at frequent intervals and was olific in wise advice and suggestion. a major botanical interest was in native wild plants and he knew intimately a great many species inhabiting New York and England. His love for nature was ve i ring his distinguished medical career he gave much atten- tion to pharmacology and dietetics, lecturing on these subjects 14 during his professorships in the medical colleges of Cornell Uni- versity and New York University. He thus had a wide knowledge of vegetable drugs and foods. He was fond of garden flowers and grew choice varieties at his country home at DS Dr. Thompson was born in New York on December 25, 1856; and died here on October 27, 1927. His will provides a ae t of $5,000 to the Garden The following resolutions were adopted by the Board of Man- agers at their meeting on November 17, 1927: Resolved, That the Managers of The New York Botanical Gar- den color the loss of their former president and esteemed asso- ciate; evolved. That the foregoing eercrat and resolution be pub- lished in the Journat of the Gar N. L. Brittox, Secretary. CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER egular monthly Conference of the Scientific Staff and Regis- ae Students of the Garden was held on Wednesday, November 92 . M., with a program as follows: Sides of the Melastomataceae, ” by Dr. H. A. Gleason, and “ The eT of eos by Dr. A. B. Stout. Dr. . Gleason discussed some of the results of his re- sea = on oo een Melastomatace: his essentially tropical family has long been noted for its interesting geographic distribution, all of the genera and € one bein: while important differences in the structure certain tribes sug- ; = : are poor presen’ recognized are very unequal in their scope. It may be necessary to develop a complete re-arrangement of the genera in this group. The investigation of the fora of northern South America has brought to light many undescribed species, particularly in the Andes, of which about fifty have already been published 15 r. A. B. Stout discussed the species of Hemerocallis with spe- cial ae to the known wild species and to the identity of the was based on the f species and varieties now being grown at The New York Botanical Garden and being utilized in breeding for new types of aes lilies. B.S Secretary of the Cae CONFERENCE NOTES FOR DECEMBER thly Conference of the Scientific Staff and Regis- ea Saceies of the Garden was held on Wednesday, December Dr. Fred J. a gave a brief talk under the title ‘ Notes on g to the that th Rican fungous flora was in procest preparation and required all the time available. Since the completion of that work a more detailed study of some of the Trinidad forms has been under- taken. The only part of the collection reported on in full was the rust d an D Arthu collection. This was studi reported by ur in 1922 and ae of 169 foe eae comprising 71 species, the largest collec of ru see out of Trinidad and probably the oo elton - rusts ever obt: any island f the W est Indies by any mycologist w oe alone for the same rt. Roland Thax of rvard University, cies in Trinidad ting the winter of 1913 and 1914; his entire rust collection aes of 43 species. The 1 rust flora ° inidad as re by these two collections consists of 96 species, as compared with 181 species from Porto Rico, an ‘island 16 more than twice as large and one which has been worked over for out miles. Further study is needed in order to determine these points with any degree of certainty. The group considered in the present discussion was the order Hypocreales, many interesting species of which had been col- lected. A detail ae of this work will appear in the March issue of Mycolog Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton then spoke on “ Mr. E. Bro Mesembryanthemums,” with a display of a number y living Seine The Mesembryanthemums, or fig- olds, have been the u ry N. E. Brown, under cultivation at his home in ‘Kew, En land. A few and similar climates, but those of mo: ous appearance and habits, communicated to him by Brit ich ae and settlers in Dp re ops, G m, rgyroderma, Conophytum, Rimaria, Chet ido psis, Pleiospilos, Frithia ted ‘before onference. A common soil, have been passed over by travelers, later to be found in flower. One gets a distinct impression of stones blooming from 17 many of the other ence when they are in flower. Laas ie with the exposed surface t d acting a is Frithia. Here the leaves are cylindrical, tufted, oh ee ae rophyll at the apex. Although these are naturally buried in the H i Mr. B i soil his “ windowed ” apex, rown warns against bury- them in cultivation in our cli he fl $s of m many spe- are showy, and the capsules Sema oe in their ees properties. Several capsules from plants e gar- den collection were place di in water at t the Conterence, aad opened after a few minute ome they open during rainy deacon, sae the seeds to escape. The above summaries were supplied by Dr. Seaver and Mr. Boynton. A. B. Stout, Secretary of the Conference. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT rs . Stout, Director of the Laboratories, represented The New Vor Botanical cone at the meetings of the wie Society of America and the American Association i he Ad- vancement of Science, a in Nashville, Tennesse: ois er 26-30. He presented an invitation paper on Die ogamy in Flowering Plants” at the joint session of the affiliated societies and ae G of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci Dr. Arthur Hollick was one of the guests at the exercises held ection the dedication of the new botany laboratory at Wellesley College, Wellesl Mass., on Friday, November 4, I e exercises be at I0: , with a reception of the guests, followed by ony of the buildings and conserva- tories, a: on : m was hel in the botany lecture room, wh = biel — were made on various aspects of botanical caveniesho A banquet was served in Alumnae Hall in the evening, after which an ee was ‘de- 18 livered by Dr. W. E. Lepeschkin, of the Russian Peoples Univer- ae 4 Prague, visiting professor at Washington University, Saint The exercises closed ee an address by Dr. C. Stuart Gager, oy the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, after which the labora- tory building was officially Hee eee d. ohn K. Small, Head Curator of the Museums and Her- arium, sp ur weeks in November and December in Bie botanical exploration in Florida. With the codperatio: Arthur Cur iss Jam s he was able to cover abou t fo our eee seedlin baceous oe. ie subjects for illu aa nin Addisonia, Many seeds of herbaceous aa woody plants were gathered for — at the Garden and for distribution to other botanical arden The following visiting botanists have registered in the library during the autumn: Mr. John M. Fogg, Jr., Gray Herbarium, Cambr: idge , Mass.; Professor Arthur P. Kelley, Ries Univer- New Brunswick, N. J.; Professor H. H. Whetzel and Mr. S. H. Burnham, ae N. Y.; Mr. John C. Wister, cna ae Pa.; Professor L. O. Cvetholis; State See Pa.; Miss e Hof, Miss Marjorie Warner, and Mr. Carleton R. Ba ll, W ashing D. C.; Professor S. A. Forbes, Illinois Sule Natural History Sur vey, Urbana, TL; Miss Mildred Matthias, Missouri Botanical mee Mr. Dean A. Pack, Salt Lake ae a Mr. W. Alan- Los Angeles, Calif.; Mr. Arthur Tbe ghton, — cnet Cane: Mr. John E. Johnson, sae Canal Zone ; fessor Louis nde, University of Montreal; Pro pee Y. Ilvessalo, Helsinki, Finland; Professor W. Lepeschkin, Prague, g ¥ B 19 Czechoslovakia; Dr. Yushun Kudo, Taiwan Imperial University, Japan, and Professor Dr. Hugo Gliick, Heidelberg, Germany. lecture on “ Virus Diseases of Plants,” given at a New Ni Pp ants. ° the difficulties encountered in mpts to contro te b entioned. ae geographical ieebuiee spread, host range, and economic Importance of some of the bet- ter-known virus diseases of plants were discussed. About fifty lantern slides were shown to ae the chief points empha- sized in the lecture. Meteorology for November. The total aici for the month was 4.10 inches. The first killing frost was on ns morning of the 8th. The maximum Bian e pene at the Garden for each week or part of a week were 76° on the rst, a3 on the on the 17th, and ee on ae 23rd. The minimum tem- peratures were 30° on the 7th, 27° on the roth, 25” on the 2oth, and 31° on the 26th. Meteorology for December. The total aie eis for the month was 3.22’inches, 0.20 of which was from a 2-inch snow st. min were 22° on the sc on ae roth; 18° on the roth; 75° the 25; and 28° on nee 271 Meteorology for the year 1927. The total precipitation for the year was 56.0434 inches, including a total snowfall of 15.9 inches, 20 which is figured as equal to 1.59 inches of rainfall. This was. dis- 2.77 i July 13th. The minimum temperature was 0° on lea 27th, Doce 8th. The latest anes ie ateiake of the spring was 31° on the morning of April 24th. ACCESSIONS BOOKS sere THE LIBRARY OF DR. J. H. BARNHART RCHASED 1926 ane } Berichte img ie Sitzungen es oo fiir Botanik zu Hamburg. : sel & Hambur; Dyer, oe LIAM oe Bear Hand- list of Coniferae grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew]. Ed. 2. London, 1903. LDER, WILLIAM. Btography of Elisha Kent Kane. Philadelphia, 1858. [Enpiicuer, STEPHAN LapisLaus, BENTHAM, GEORGE, Fenzi, Epuarp, & Ss H WIL austro-occiden mM 2 SUH ‘orgit collegit Carolus Li iber Baro de Hiigel. ee 1837. Hewnry.] [PF ries at Kew. G . Nat: igion. N. . Gray, Jane (Lorine), ep. Letters of Asa Gray. 2 vols. London, 1893. GREELEY, ADOLPHUS Waser Three years 7, Arctic service: an ac- count of the Lady Franklin Bay pee eh of 1881-84 and the atiain- ment of the gid north ol. 2. ew York, 1 Greene, Westey. Plants of Iowa; a preliminary sketch. Des Moines, 1907. Grevinte, Ropert Kaye. Algae britannicae. Edin! 1830. Grinpon, Leopotp Hartiey. Trees of Old En ae goa ‘on, 1868. Grorr, Georce G. The book of ae descriptions; or, oF of plant analyses. Ed. §. iaaheea 2iI Grosse, Ernst. esa biel Kulturpflanzen. Leipzig, 1858. Gtrxe, Rosert Louis Aucust Max. Beitrage zur Systematik der Matva- ceae. Leipzig, 2. GwinNer, WIL XH cH von. Die Pflanzen-systeme in forstwirth- Hats, Peter M. The woods and timbe ers of North Carolina. Raleigh, 1883. Hamitton, ArtHur. Esquisse d'une monographie du genre Scutellaria ou dngie: 7 Suivi du rétablissement du genre Seorodons de Moen ch et Hammonp, Harry, comp. South aleeae resources and population, insti- tutions and ee Charlesto HawnstTEIN, JoHA s Lupwic Emit Rom BERT VON. Ueber den Zuzammen- Con a, mit dem Bau des dicotylen Holzringes. Pro- gramm. Berlin, 1857. Ueb die des ‘natielichen Pflanzensystems. Als ae ntworfen im Winter 1875-76. Bonn, 1875. Hany, Ces Forest life in Acadie. New York, 1 Hariow, Samuet. The botanist & physician; containing a "description of the principal active medicinal plants found in the middle and northern states. ingston, 1831. A Hartic, TuHeovor. Ueber den Gerbsto ov - iche. Stuttgart, 1869. Hartmann, Franz Xaver. Primae lineae institutionum botanicarum. Ed. 2. Lipsiae, 1767. Hartz, Nrxotay Ec oes ee Botanisk Rejseberetning fra Vest-Grgnland 1889 og 1890. [Kjg¢benhavn] 1894. —————. Fanerogamer og oe rkr Reign fra nordgst-Grguland, c. 75°- 70° N. Br., og Angmagsalik, .. 65° 40’ N. Br. [Kigbenhavn] 1805. -—. stgranlands Ve. station orl Kj¢benhavn, 1895. Hassxar., Justus Cart. Hortus bogoriensis descriptus; aa ee editio nova valde aucta . emendata. Pars prima. Amstelo , I HEATH, Saas GEORGE. e fern paradise; a plea for the fs ] Ss HELLENIUS, ee Nicias. De Tropaeolo. Aboae, 1789. ELLER, ‘Anos ARTHUR, comp. Artemisia. Reprints of the original descrip- tions of the ee which occur in North America north of Mexico. os Gato Castilleia Reprints of the original descriptions. Los Gatos, Lupinus. Reprints of the original descriptions. Los Gatos, n.d. Ribes. Reprints of the original descriptions. Los Gatos, n. d. Trifolium. Reprints of the original descriptions. Los Gatos, n.d. Heer, Franz Xaver. Graminum in Magno-Ducatu Wirceburgensi tam ‘ponte ecrescentium, quam cultorum enumeratio systematica. Wir rgi, 1809. 22 HeEtm, THEODOR. Quaestiones botanicae de methodo physicohistorica; seu, quod idem de methodo Domini Prof. Mohr in botanicum applicanda, Vi 835. HeELMert, W. O. Botanische arial aur leichteren Bestimmung der Ge- wiichse bei Excursionen mit den oberen Classen héherer Unterrichts- HENFREY, ArTH As of the principal oo of plants, explana- tory of a tabular view sof the veg: ped kin, London, 18 Henrotay, Jacques Antoine. Note sur les oe axillaires du Sagina nodosa. Bruxelles, 1862. Henstow, Georce. The origin of floral structures through i t and oth agencies. London, Hermann, Pa Paradis 's batavus, innumeris exoticis curiosis herbis & rarioribus pants magno sumpin & cura ex variis ter orbis re- nibus collectis, acquisitis, tllustratus. Lagat ef Batavorum, aie | Euapiater Wittrams. Observations on the colors of leaves; ies a supplement to observations on the colors of flowers. e c Hess, RICHARD. enschaften und forstliches Verhalten der wichtigeren in ye ig eee und eingefiihrien Holzarten. Ed. 2. Berlin, 1895. Heustis, Japez Wicctns. Physical observations, and medical tracts and researches, on the topography and diseases of Louisiana. New York, “81 5 Hever, Frrepricu Lupwic. Beitrige zur Kenntniss der hee: des Carbon und des Rothliegenden im Saar-Rhein-Gebiete. Cassel, Hieronymus, GrorG ae ae Wotrcanc. Plantae paneer florae eno: Hu, Joun. Virtues 3 cee herbs. Ed. 3. London, 1770. Hitter, Matruarus. Hierophyticon; sive, commentarius in loca scripturae Ry quae eas soon mentionem, distinctus in duas partes. Orne pie see 1000 questions and answers on botany. Cleve- d, HorrMan, Jurzus. Alpen-Flora fiir Touristen und Pflanzenfreunde. Stuttgart, 1904. Hose, Jap ae ms microscope; its history, construction, and application. Ed. 6. eed ]. So Roser, oe OHNSON, Georce Witiiam. [Vild flowers of Great ie in, botanically a eerie described, with copious notes of thet . Lo , . HONIGBERGER, JOHANN Martin. Thirty-five years in the East. Adventures, ies, iiss ents, and historical sketches, relating to the Pun- oy in oe with medicine, botany, pharmacy, &c. 2 vols. Londo lon, 23 Hooker, Wittiam Dawson. Inaugural sa upon the cinchonas, their cae uses, a effects. Glasgo’ — Witiram Jackson. Journal of a ie in ” Iceland in the summer 1801 armor th, 1811. Hoorer, Joun. Introduction to algology; with a catalogue of American algae or seaweeds, according to the latest classification of Prof. Har- vey. Brooklyn, 1850. Horaninow, Pau.. Primae lineae systematis naturae. Petropoli, 1834. Hume, Frevertck Epwarp. Familiar wild flowers. Series 3. London, So Grorce. Wild flowers of America. New k, 1899. Im aes ILBERT. a Pas description ts ie western territory of Ne d, 3. London, 1797. ences as ao heee upon vegetables. London, IrvING, WaSHINGTON. Astoria; or, anecdotes of an pinorern ane the Rocky Mountains. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1836. Ives, Ext. An oration on chemisiry and botany; delivered before the Phi ¢@ appa society at New Haven, Dec. 9, 1802. New Haven, 1803. Jackson, Roserr Montcomery Smiru. Flora; or, vegetable life of the Jahrbuch fiir Gartenkunde und Botamk. Vol. 2, Bonn, 1885. JARDIN, iain Le parc national de Yellowstone Anne du Nord). [Rochfort, 1887.] Jaume St. Hiratrre, JEAN Henri. Flore parisienne. Paris, ae JEKYLL, Gertrupe. Wood and garden. ew ed. London, 1901 Jepson, Wits Linn. A flora of western middle California. * Berkeley, —. school flora for the Pacific coast. New York, 1902. Jounson, Laura. Botanical teacher for North America, in which are de- cribed the indigenous and common exotic plants growing north of the Gulf of Mexico. Albany, 1834. JOHNSON, a a How crops grow. New York, 1888. Jory, Cuartes. Note sur les pies Geanls de la Californie. n. p., 1883. Journal d ee oie vols. Paris, 1792. rsTeN, Georc Henry Herrmann. Ueber die “Anlage seitlicher Organe en KELLERMANN, WILLIAM ASHBROOK. ‘4 text book of elementary botany in cading reeds ra. Philadelphia, 1899. —. ents of botany. Richmond, 1895. Ps ee ex orth American Mycology. Columbus, 1902-7. R, JOHN Eoeen. Tridearum genera. Bee les, 1827. saat von Maritaun, Anton Josepn. Der Antheil Oesterreichs an der Samet Suanet! Erforschung apie Wien, 1893. q = ee, aronychia apela. en, We KXINDEERG, Nits. ‘onrav. Synoptisk ee af ear Jats gonum. Upsala, 1856. 24. Koppert, Jouann. Ucber Secretbehilter bei Biitineriaceen. Halle a. S. 188 Kuorzscu, JOHANN cease Studien iiber die natiirliche Klasse Bicornes inné. [Halle a. 1851.] Kiunzincer, Cari Benya Upper Egypt; tts people and its products. New York, 1 NAUT, Curisttan. Methoéus ees genuina. Lipsiae et Halle, 1716, Kyosen, Epwarp. 4 g 0 find the names of ali wild- cid oe Ae fi shrubs of New peleely i their ae Boston, C1 Kocu, Cart Jacos WitueLm Lupwic. Die Pflanzenlause vine ber; Nirn- 8, 1857. Korepren, Orro WALTER. Ueber das Verhalien des Zellkerns im ruhenden n. Jena, 1887. [Kontc, Cuar.es DieratcH Eperuwarv.] Tracts relative to botany, trans- lated from different languages. London, 1805. Korscuett, Paut. Zur Frage iiber das Scheitelwachsthum bei den Phane- rogamen. Berlin, [1884]. Korscuy, Kari RG THeEopor. Ueberblick der Vegetation Me-xico’s. [Wien, 1852.] Kreset, Rup Russlands naturhisiorische und a Literatur. Schrifien a een in nicht-russischer Spr Jena, 1847. Kreutzer, Car Jos! Das Herbar. ue Ausgabe. KromsHorz, JUL ee von. Conspectus fungorum eseulentorun qui per decursum anni 1820 Pragae publice vendebantur. 1821, ET) Dissertatio inauguralis de spira in hee conspicua, Ktun, Ricuarp. Untersuchungen iiber die Anatomie der Marattiaceen und anderer Gefasskryptogamen. Marburg, 1889. 'RAUGOTT. sad garum as dulcis germanicarum Decas 1-9, 11,12. Halis Saxonum, 1833- Ueber den Gaines, Bou des Stengels der Gat- : . i Kungliga svenska vetenskapsakademien. olm, 1903-15. Kunze, aes Chloris austro-hispanica, Ratisbonae, 1846. ———. Index filicum (sensu latissimo) in hortis Europacis cultarum synonymis interpositis auctus, cura Augusti Baumannt. Arsbog fér Gr 1903-15. Stock- Argentorati, Kurtz, FRIEDRICH. Aufzihlung der von K. Graf von Waldburg-Zeil im Jahre 1876 in Westsibirien eto "Pflanzen. Berlin, 1879. RLES DE. riorum ali vr Pannoniam, Aus C4 incias observatarum historia, nee libris ‘expressa. I ———.. Aliquot Mee in cece ae oie atum historiam, Antverpiae, 1582. a JoserH. A flora and fauna within living animals. [Washington, 53-] PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical Garden, monthly, containing notes, news, and ponrechnical anuelee Free to members of the Garden. ate others, 10 cents a c 1.00 a year. Now in its twenty-ninth volum cologia, Binonthhy, deveied to fungi, eee lichens; $4.00 a a year: single Boe not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its twen tieth volum Addis Bonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompanied Pp 4 i Bulletin of The Ney. York Botanical Garden, con ng repor' th Director-in-Chief and other official dacdmenta: "and techntea eucled em- bodying peal sos MnveRtiestions. Free to all members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 p Now in its thirteenth vo No: Aer ericay | Plows . Descriptions of the wild ai of North Amer- ica, including eee) “the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts. 58 parts now eeuedl Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, vols. I-VI, ne Be per volume; to others, $3.00. Vol. VII, $2.50 to members; to others Vol. I. An Annotated SCatal ogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yel- lowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix-+ 492 pp., with Mente: map. 1900. Vo 1. If. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi 20 pp., with 176 figures. 1903. Vol. i Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischer: ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii-+ 138 pp., with 29 goo. ol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Eoentey by Charles Stuart Gager. viii + 4 8 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. ol. V. Flora of the Agen nity of New York: A Contribution ue Plant Geography, by Norman Taylor. vik 68: pp., with 9 plates. Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Celebration of the meeenueth: Anni- versary of The New York Becat Garden. viii 504 pp., with 43 plates and many text figures. 16. Vol. VII. Includes New hperynereese from Porto Rico, by N. L. Gardner; The Howes Behavior of Avocados, by A. B. Stout; Descrip- tions of New Genera and Species of Pine Gallected as the Mu lford Biological me plone of the Amazon Valley, 1921-1922, . Rusby and The Flora of the Saint Eugene Silts, aie Valley: British Co. lumbia, by Arthur Hollick. viii-+ 464 pp., with 47 plates, to charts, and 11 text-figures. 1927. Contributions from The New York Botanical Garden. - series of tech- nical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than ihe above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per vol- ume. In the twelfth walinn THE NEW YORK paneer GARDEN mx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden ee Four hundred acres of beautifully diversified land in the northern part hich flow Oe Bronx River. A native Plantations ia thousands of native and es trees, shrubs, and flowering plan Gardens, eae ae a beautiful rose garden a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous garden Greenanees containing thousands of Senne plants from America and foreign countri 1 wer E enows throughout the year—in the spring, eee ang autumn Flo displays of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, water- lilies, nis dahlias, and chrysanthemums; in the winter, ee of ee (5 nts. sate exhibits A fossil plants, existing plant families, local Pian Sass within ongt undred miles of the City of New York, and the economic uses of plan An ne ieites pom prisiis more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and fore spec Exploration in Heed parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South America, for the study and collection of the character- Scie: nti c research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library of Botan! literature, comprising more than 35,000 books and numerous pamphle Public lectutes gn a eae variety of botanical topics, continuing throughou e yea Publications gn ‘botanical subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and ar of popu ee a ee children and the public through the above eatiites and the giving of free information on botanical, horticultural, and forestal subjects. The Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation a the mber. City of New York, eae bee and membership fees. It possesses now nearly tho sages and applica es maT are ee eens The classes of membership Benciae ae ontribution $25,000 single contributi ‘ eae for Life) pinysee steiner single contribution —_1,000 Memberitor Lite secnenerce eee single continee ion 250 Fellowship Member .............. nual 100 Sustaining Memberuae een enna fcc 25 mnual Meniber acess tenets: ual fee Contributions to the Garden may be aaeed Poe taxable incomes. The following is an oe form of beque I hereby bequeath to The York Botanical Garey incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the oe All requests for further information ee ine sent to THe N BoTaNicaL GARDEN BRONX PARK, NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXIX Frpruary, 1928 No. 338 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE BULBS AND BULB-HABITS OF LILIES ; A. B. Stour RESOLUTIONS RELATIVE TO THE cae OF TOR FREDERIC S. LE. TO THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL aR DES FERNS AS HOUSE PLANTS Rap C. BENEDICT PUBLIC LECTURES DURING FEBRUARY AND MARCH NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN SrREETS, LANCASTER, Pa. Sorence Press Printing Company Bntered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS y W. bE Forest, President A. Harp) RUNEY bE Forest BALDWIN. pa ee President Tose 12), Eames 7, K. Sturcis, Vice Preside oLPH LEWISOHN Joun L. MerriLt, Tees sone K. Me N. L. Brrtron, Secretary Barrincton Moi EpwARD D. ADAMS J. P. Morcan SEORGE S. BREWSTER Lewis RUTHERFURD Morris VICHOLAS Murray BuTLER Freperic R. NEwso. CHARLES P. BERKEY H. Hosart Porter Ropert W. DE Forest Henry H. Rus CuiLtps Frick GeorcE J. RYAN Wiu1aM J. Gir Mortimer L. ScHIFF AMES TW ALKER, Mayor of the City of Nee Yor WALTER R. Herrick, President of the DepGi Aen of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harver, Pu. D., Chairman Wuu1am J. Gres, Pu. Cee P. pres Pu Henry H. Rusey, M. D. Bee ouss Le boca Pu. D., GrorcE J. R JL 1B), I GARDEN STAFF INS Ey G uO ysA Jessts IDL Stoy IDs Ibs ID) paebodacdsaadatiooes Director-in-Chief AES HAL A. Howe, Pu. D,, ‘Se Ds fac hoieid cia tictoltor ee ear Assistant Director Joun K. Smatt, a DECSer Di tie eae aan Head Curator of the Museums : B. Stout, Pu. D Director of the Laboratories . A. RYDBERG, Pu. D. Curator J. A. GLeason, Pu. a Curator ‘RED. J. SEAVER, PH Curator ARTHUR HOLLICK, ne 1D) Paleobotanist ERCY WILSON Associate Curator M DE C. L Associate Curator OHN HENDLEY een art AC IM Ma Divs pyokuerceeenteomee nee liographer ARAH H. Har A. M. ibrarian J. H. Russy, M. D. Senna Honorary Curator pol Bas Boone Coleen LIZABETH G. Britton ‘y Curator of Mosses Lary E, Eaton Artist OBERT S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant CENNETH R. Boynton, B. S H. ‘ardener 1. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D...... Honorary Custodian of Local Herbane MB USOUnMWICK) EVE Dy enon mnan ior Custodian of Herbaceous Groun THEL aNPON =: iron ane Honorary Curator, Iris and Narcissus te oe oHN R. Bri andscape Engineer NALTER S. GrorsBecK. Clerk and Accountant ARDHUR) Jo CORBELD er felevatoreleteloteleyer Superintendent of Ruadainge and Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXIX FEBRUARY, 1928 No. 338 THE BULBS AND BULB-HABITS OF LILIES THE BULBS OF PURELY VEGETATIVE PLANTS A lily bulb makes its start in life at the time a seed germinates whole. To a certain degree these developments in the lily plant may be assisted through the intelligent codperation of the gar- dener. Each ne aes has a cycle of development. For a time the young bul purely vegetative and it may take several years of sae ae pone re it develops to blooming size or condition. It is stated by Elwes? that seeing of Lilium monadelphum grow very slowly and “ sometimes do not flower till the tenth year after sowing.” During the ace ae period of growth the bulb contains, rik but one central bud. The scales increase in number and size and there is an accu aed ee te ntil that i come ing s 1A monograph of the genus Lilium, by Henry John Elwes, 1877. 3 20 is seen in the behavior of the seed-leaf or cotyledon of the seed- P true leaf that appears in the air, but there are marked differences in the promptness of its appearance. In certain species, of which At 7 are shown seedling bulbs of Lilium ae at the end eir grow is stage es of the sec su y of their th. At this st the outer scales have leafy blades that live ing one period of growtl contractile nature of roots, ighly developed in lilies, is here well shown. At 2 are shown seedli of Tilivon superbum at the end of their third th. ing. ni eir year of grow! hey are now leafy and concentric but as they reach blooming age the combination of mother and daughter bulbs becomes strongly rhizomatous i GuRE 6. At 3 are ung bulbs as seen i are seen two yo of ae un St Laka each atta oa t of a scale from which they eloping. this i young b: ‘ose mall branches ai re hizomatous, thus resembling the daughter bulbs which arise from the mature bulbs of this species rather than the seedling bulbs ig bulbs of concentric in shape. Young bul 11 lilies ta are very much alike in Cais form and shape. They are concentric and leafy. Young pare Pa eloped on the gcales o bulbs that are oe rhizomatous may s' out as miniature rhizome bulbs. Lilium speciosum may be cited, the first true leaf pushes into the air very soon after the seed germinates. In other species, Lilium pm: wing germination is so slow that green in meets rapid growth and development in certain species but in thers the develop followi t 2For further discussion and for illustration of seedlings . ee see es on “ Seedling Lilies” in Jour, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 25: See explanation on opposite page. Ficure I. 28 leaves show above the ground only in the second year after the pa For ast a time after the appearance of the first green leaves, the young ae of all lilies have, apparently, ae the same form and general habit of growth (see FicuRE The outermost scales apts sa ae ae - bade ce the Fei bases an € ork in The scales increase in number and in size and thus an bulb oe larger. It appears that for a time the stems in the young bulbs grown eed are quite alike for ali lilies. They are low flattened pacted nodes from which ascend the scales. In this stem, death proceeds from the base upward. The dead and dying oldest basal Ficure 2. The mature bulbs and flowering plants of Lilium candidum (1) and of L. lie (2) show tw very different habits of growth. In d show two both cases the mot! ulb is concentric and when it spends itself in a eas ee . ey or * daughter bulb Aa ops on one side of the main bulb- and i mewhat enclosed within the old scales of the mother bulb, a is at n ibe qn Bat T Lavan candidum the flower-stalk does not produce roots and the scales of the bulb remain leafy, while for L. Henryt the oe -stem forms many r + aie : bulb oo are not leafy as they the young bulbs. r flowering bulb a of Lilium cadet 3 7 chante simpler and less specialined than the 1 mature bulb of Lilium Henryt, and the flower-stem of L. candidum is also less spe- cialized. sections tend to be of somewhat ee diameter than the lowest living sections ae above the e living portion of the stem is hence an almost erect but very flat cone. Young bulbs fe . “ities pass from the purely vegetative aoe into i blooming condition, when flower stalks and di bulbs are produced, very noticeable differences arise in respect to the character of the scales and the eas the position, and the method of growth of the stem of the bulb. THE MATURE BULBS OF BLOOMING PLANTS The bulbs that come to the gardener through the trade are mature and ready for blooming. They have passed through the e ‘See explanation on opposite page. FIcurE 2. 30 an period and are in fact pee: the daughter bulbs of plants that have bloomed at least o: ey have reached the extreme stages of development baeeead of the different species. Thus, in speaking of the bulbs of lilies, one may be referring to (1) the young bulbs from seeds, scale-propagation, or bulblets that have not grown to blooming size, or (2) to a daughter bulb that is aie alata from its mother bulb, or (3) to the com- aatene of ae pai The general form of ee mature bulbs is determined chiefly by the character of the stem of the bulb itself and in this respect all lily bulbs fall into two types, the concentric type and the rhiz- omatous type he conce Gate type: In this type of lily bulb (see Ficure 2) the bulb-stem retains the shape and position that it had in the young bulb, even after the plant passes into a period of blooming Ficure 3. Semirhizomatous bulbs of Lilium columbianum (at 1), of L. Bolanderi (at 2), and of L. monade Iphum {in sectional view). The i fy rapidly develops close to one side and within the mother bulb and this bud continues the life of the plant. In these mature bulbs the scales are all strongly overlapping and none are leafy. and daughter bulbs are produced. The bulb remains almost con. centric with its scales arranged about a short and nearly vertical stem. The daughter bulb develops at one s is stem as a short lateral branch more or less enclosed within the shell of the mother bu n this new bud arises close to the flower-stem hav till other cases the daughter bulbs ma become completely separated altho hey lie close togethe ies of lilies have b of the ntric form or they are nearly concentric, but there are differences among them in the Ficure 3. See explanation on opposite page. 32 size of the bulbs, in the size and the thickness of scales, and in the degree to which the daughter bulbs are enclosed within the outer scales of the mother bulb. The rhizome type: In several species of lilies the stem of the mature bulbs | becomes a rhizome that lies horizontally in the soil. This condition is best developed in the bulbs e iitium sper ae 6), L ae pee 5), L. Gray: = carolinianum, nies e of rhizomatous bulb is that in which the scales fu ae or ie fully er the entire rhizome, or at least they living section may be as many as an or more years old. In these, the stem constitutes a large part of the bulb. A less pronounced grade of nee bulb is seen in such turn enclosed in the scales of its nas bulb. is soon makes the basal ne of the bulb somewhat acentric, throws the stem of the bulb into a more or ee ees position, and gives to it a dying end and a living or bud-forming end. Besides, the scales may persist for several years. THE SCALES OF THE BULBS OF LILIES Turning the attention to the character of the scales of mature or flowering bulbs, one notes that there are wide differences esi the various species. erhaps the simplest condition is that in which the scales retain the Hier habit after the bulb comes to blooming. Of the common 33 garden lilies this is best seen in Lilium candidum. In late summer ut in most speci the bulbs progresses until in the mature bulbs there is a wide parture from the leafy nee First the scales cease to ere a ff In the greater ber of es the scales are broad, rather flat, much overlapping, and somewhat strongly ap- other, giving such b re see the species Lilium auratum, speciosum, L c , L, Mar- : . Henry, ceum, L. tagon, and L, tigrinum, all bulbs of the concentric type, and also as in such species as L. Humboldtii and L. monadelphum, which are of the semirhizomatous type. A still greater change in form gives scales that are more narrow and rather thick in proportion to the width, so that these two ie oe superbum and L. philade pees All pales a last- sees are ae el are strongly rhizomatous. Also in these pee the outer scales of the bulbs are beh fre peated composed of two or three seg- the center of he a the eae are entire and more bec ap- he join mat type by the decided lobing frequently present in outer scales. In of e afy scal of the lilies are the leaves of the young bulbs or of flower-stems 34 distinctly divided into petiole and leaf-blade with joints between. he two- and the three-jointed scales on the outer part of the bulbs of various species of lilies are rather anomalous and highly specialized structures THE RBULB-HABITS OF BLOOMING PLANTS When the bl ooming time of a lily bulb is reached, profound and is much different in appearance from the flat, thin, much com- pressed discs of the same stem located below in the bulb. At eac! node of this aerial a green leaf or a whorl of such leaves is pro- duced in marked contrast to the fleshy, colorless, sister leaves below. At apex is wrought a miracle—the metamorphosis of a flower. Fic Abov an upper surface view of an unusually fine bulb of Lilium cyanate ‘gbiained directly from the wild by a collector. working or hae ve hn T. ice , to whom the writer is indebted for this bulb. Bel sh ei view same bulb. The stro: vi fe of th I ngly devel- aed 1 hizom almost entirely covered with scales. The dying end is at ; the flower-stalk, for the summer p ing the collection of t q stoo b. ae daughter bulbs on short lateral stems are pre: and one ent an of these is shown in the sectional view below. Many of the seales are de- cidedly jointed, a characteristic of many lilies. Throughout the life of lily bulbs, roots arise from the base and the outer rim of the stem at the base of the bulb, or in the rhi- esides serving in the ctions of ordinary roots these roots are very frequently strongly contractile. They extend down into the soil wher may be rather firmly anchored by branches by a proc inkling the roots shorten and actually pull the by the time the bulb reaches bloomin g. ae roots sos the daughter bulbs of flowering bulbs are al tile and their action e oil. With the extreme types of rhizomatous bulb, in Lilium Ficure 4. See explanation on opposite page. 36 superbum for example, the lateral branch with its new daughter ulb may have a very decided downward slant HE ROOTING OF FLOWER-STEMS IN LILIES esides the roots from the base of the bulbs, most species of ow soil it may be an inch or more in diameter. The growth of such RE 5. Belqw is shown a rhizomatous bulb of ere Ta mi € whic! per segments have been broken. This lb ue the scars of at sae ee flower sulk: and is hence at least fi id bove are two ee Ae Ibs of the species Lilium canadense as they appeared when dug from the wild in November. One is sectioned to show the various arts The mi st er bulb is at the right, the dying en izome is at a, and the dead flower-stem is at The daughter bulb is at the end of a thick fleshy branch which : uaked in ae basal Portion c). e flower- stem of the daughter bulb is at d and is already protruding from its bulb. In the summer of the following year this flower-stem will produce ae tee the older or mother bulb shown at the right will cag and a daughter bulb of the new generation will be produ steed. Thus in lily bulbs there is annually the death of the older parts and the formation of new parts. This is somewhat more conspicuous in the strongly rhizomatous bulb than in the concentric ae is obviously 1. of the bulb below after the es tones stalk device to the point ae its roots are estab- lished. most vigorous species of the common garden lilies are placed with a mass of dead roots. To maintain the best conditions for continued growth of the plants, the soil above the ae should A foo Ficure 5. See explanation on opposite page. 38 be worked over in the autumn, the masses of dead roots removed, and a su pply of rich soil added to form a covering of from four b tlbs. i the bulbs do not need to be disturbed as long as the plants remain healthy and are not crowded PROGRESSIVE DEATH IN LILY BULBS When a lily plant has produced flowers, the entire flower-stalk dies down to or into the center of the mother bulb. is flower- stalk is an extension of the stem in the bulb. The main bud of sb e wi a st one new daughter bud must a within or from i i tem, Also, if this new bulb is to rete in the following year it must Ficure 6. y fine bulb, or rather a combination of three generations of bulbs ofa alee of Litt vad an cae grew wild on Staten Island. e time of fi E the U: ally at the time of the blooming of a bulb its mot ther "bul Ib has. ‘Fall ly de- ae so in most cases the bulb combination present in A as of this species consists only of a flowering bulb and its daughter bul grow to maturity ts rapidly and complete in La single summer a r is there the con he flowers which they so In some species the ite nae begin to In the mation of n parts occur each year. Seldom does any ee mene a 40 a mature lily bulb remain alive for more than two or three years. eae that sey disappears. This happens all too frequently when uw obtained in the trade for transplanting into the garden. Theat are not able to survive the shock of the transplanting and produce new daughter bulbs. In a few Leen . na the bulbs have the habit of blooming once only. That ughter bulbs are not readily produced by ane come s i = g ordinary garden lilies he case with cae tenuifolium. Such lilies must be ne chiefly from seeds. In t of a few species fied seen in ee C. gganieum, for example) the bulb es for several years before it reaches blooming age and t! re ter bulbs are on offsets which equire several years of ilium auratum, L. superbum, and L. canadense, usually form only one daughter bulb from a mother bulb at i f 1 ing. Such lilies do not multiply in the flower aes er spe- VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION IN LILIES he power of vegetative reproduction is developed to a remark- degree in lily plants. Species like Lilium Sargentiae, L. tig’ num, L. bulbiferum, and L. sulphureum normally produce ulbils abundantly in the axils of the green leaves ee. the flower-stem. Bulbils frequently form in this same location on plants of other 41 species, especially when the apical portion of the flower-stalk is blasted. Very frequently small bulbs develop along the flower- : : : : ; : flower-stems of many lilies are taken while still and ¢ segments and buried in soil or in sand, bulbs readily de- velop. Scales broken from the bulb will regenerate buds various points on their surface shor scales or seg- of the alive a yea ore, in which case many 5 Sy = i eeply, even to hem only per depth, these little sae have slight chance to extend green leaves into t ocks. The readiness with which young bulbs are formed greatly facilitate their task. THE SEQUENCE IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF MATURE BULBS Considering the characters of mature bulbs and the life cycles of the plants of different species of lilies, one can trace a sequence of aaa from the simplest to the most complex somewhat as fol A. ac aaah composed merely of the bases of green lea at least some of the scales have green blades at all poe of growth. Daughter bulbs are the same. Flower-stem without roots. * Daughter bulbs as offsets or inclosed Hebe small, re- quir: ty | oO At) is’ w Pr oO o + it) a. < o fe 3 z- ot = > kh~ 5 oO veloping to blooming age in one season. Example, Lilium candidum, 42 te Scales of mature or flowering bulbs and their daughter bulbs extending above ground as leafy green blades. ic or nearly so. les broad and fleshy. Example, Lilium speciosum. phic ; a ** Bulb semirhizomatous. Example, Lilium monadelphum. *** Bulb strongly canrene Bulb-stem nearly ay ad with scales. Example, Lilium pardalinun. tt oe Les ion of bulb-stem naked, scales narrow. e, Lilium een In respect to the Ce of their mature bulbs, lilies are a rather diverse group of plants. The bulb itself is a specialized bud composed of numerous | leaves sitting closely together on a i hi b a comes more and more specialized through the modification of the scales and through changes in the character of its stem and its branches. tent or degree of this modification evidently reaches its climax, for lilies, in the bulbs that are most strongly rhizomatous. A. B. Stour. RESOLUTIONS RELATIVE TO THE Sa OF DOCTOR FREDERIC S. LEE TO THE NE YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN RESOLUTION OF THE Boarp oF MANAGERS Resolved, The Board of Managers of The New York Botanical Garden accept with much regret the resignation of Doctor Fred- eric S. Lee as President. has served as President and Chairman of the Executt Director and as President, he has given freely of his time to the affairs of the Garden. 43 Upon assuming the presidency, Doctor Lee made a careful study of the Garden’s condition and its future needs and possibili- ties and prepared a valuable report thereon for this Board. Dur- ing his presidency, the services of Olmsted Brothers were secured in for material improvements and equipment. During his assented the piss fund of the Garden has been increased by m than As Caos of the Scientific Directors, Doctor Lee also col- which he has given it his time and attention. N. L. Britton, Secretary. NovEMBER 17, 1927. RESOLUTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC DiREcTORS Resolved, The Board of Scientific Directors, on n the occasion of L bee eriod of rap’ ad advance and net change of e eae in many lines of educational eal scientific activity Boies Lee’s t e always directed toward increasing the Garden’s effectiveness—bot! s direct service ity in the main- tenance of its parks and other decorative plantings, and in the whole field of ore science and landscape art. In working out a broad general program for the further devel- and as a center for basic research in plant science, especially as related to practical problems of decorative planting under city 44 conditions, Doctor Lee’s leadership must always be recognized as of fundamental significance for the development of applied plant ini i polis. g etro That during Doctor Lee’s service as Paden of the Board of e n over one million dollars was, in large measure, ae to hi is Saha i i e claims suppo: the benefit of Doctor Lee’s continued interest and support. R Harper. JANUARY 14, 1928. RESOLUTION OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Resolved, That the Advisory Council of the Botanical Garden send to the Board of Managers an expression of its deep regret in the aa _ / ee Doctor Lee. r Lee enlightened poles of enlarging the ernie of the ( Carden ne the needs of the time, of enhanc- oe its natural beauty by of landscape gardening for esthetic and his oe eer toward all su ggestions made a ee Council have been an inspiration to our members. hope that for the future good of the Garden, his plans, so co successor as far as possible. We believe that in this way the growth of the Garden will be assu Heten A. Scripner, Chai DECEMBER 2, 1927. 45 FERNS AS HOUSE PLANTS? “ Ferns as House Plants” will be broad or narrow RE 7. Specimen plants of Boston fern varieties: Randol lph anda dwar! on of Teddy, Jr. Note yardstick below pots, indicating rela- as living pets requiring personal attention, the number of “ house ill i ferns” will be consi ory ba the ae of aoe ae a rise into ae niest popular house plant in the United States is undoubt- a ie Boston Fern or one of its close derivatives. Production 1 Abstract of an neat lecture at The New York Botanical Gar- den on Saturday afternoon, November 19, 1927. 46 of this type of fern is conducted on a scale and along li lines not eral me f th and varieties of ners ranging the commonest types of house ferns to the rarest of greenhouse forms. The lantern- i. ilustrations shown with this lecture repre- He type of the tropics, one or two of which a: reiaaite coe sold in New York florist shops. There are tiny ferns with leaves an inch or so long whose habitat is the bark of trees, and other ferns which are classed as shrubs or vines with leaves 100 feet or more in length. There are ferns from every main land area of the Se es the consideration of different kinds of cultivated ferns, the re dealt also with some problems of the care and cultiva- 47 tion of ferns in the house, with particular reference to the widest needs of those who want plants under New York City conditions. In this ice of the best varieties for apartment-house conditions, the problems of watering, light, air, insect pests, etc.? ic in the lecture dealt with the plant-breeding methods by which the numerous new varieties, especially in the Boston Fern line, have been developed. The fact that in wees Ficure 8. Leather fern oe ie tanta ctie )}. An excellent house fer: ni from South Africa, pra unknown in the florists’ trade. eaves of this plant are fae fee high.) tinct varieties have arisen makes this question a matter of general interest as well as of more particular scientific concern and of importance to those able to give ferns oe better than the ie apartment-house conditions. Some of the new varieties leaflet dealing with house ferns and their care may be obtained as ressing the undersigned in care of the Brooklyn Botanic Gar- de Brooklyn, N. Y. 48 and some of the stages in the process by which new varieties have developed were presented in a series of eae sli aC. E entee PUBLIC LECTURES DURING FEBRUARY AND MARCH The following is the program of illustrated lectures for Feb- h ning at 3:30 o’clock. The doors are opened at 3:45 to a admit February 4. “ oo Tropical Fruits,” Dr. H. A. Gleason. February 11. “A Winter in Bermuda,’ Dr. Fred J. Seaver. February 18. “ i ew tone Park’s Trees, Flowers, and Won- der: Dr. Henry R. Rose. February 25. “ California Gardens,’ Miss Hilda Loines. arch 3. “ Rambles of a Natiralice among the Indians,” r. Clyde Fisher. March 10, “ Plant as How They ae oe aid Their Uses,” B. Sto’ March 17. “ Botanizing in a Peidad 7” Dr. ae E. Hazer zen, March 24. “ Florida,” Dr. J. H. Barnhart. March 31. “ The Present Status of oS rof. John M. Coulter. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT and Mrs. N. L. Britton left New York on January 26, with re ote of es nding nine weeks in further botanical investi- gation in Porto Ric Dr. Herbert Maule Richards, Professor of Botany in Barnard College, President of the Torrey Botanical Club, and one of the Scientific Directors of The New York Botanical Garden, died on January 9, 192 ohn K. Small, Head Curator of the Museums and Her- Florida in connection with studies of plants edie rubber. MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION Dr. Robert Abbe ward D. Adams aN Astor L. Atkii ins oka W. peencon George F. B: pee en Bee Henry de Forest Baldwin Edmund L. Baylies Prof. Charles P. Berkey _K. G. Billings rof. W. J. Gies Daniel Guggenheim Murry Guggenheim J. Horace Hardin J. Montgomery Here Edward S. Harkness Prot. Ro A r Hill 1 wis obert T. Morris Frederic R. Newbold Sie Valentine ne Snyde James n. Ge onge J. Reededck ‘Sirus i K. ae B. Gag fe “Thompson Grenville iy, “Winthrop MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner, Miss ten S. Hamilton Mrs. Roswell Miller Mrs ry ert B Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Edward C. Bod: Mrs. N. L. Britton Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. Fred. A. Constable Mrs. Charles D. Dicke Mrs. John W. Draper Mrs. Carl A. de Gersdorff nm Hepburn Mrs, nee G Hill” Mrs. F Mrs. Walter Jennin; Mrs. Bradish ps Mrs. Delancey e Mrs. Gustav E. Mrs. William Mrs, A. A. Mrs. pene aed Mackie Mrs. Joh , Bieta re aye rs. Henry Marquand Mrs. Mrs. Meet Harold MeL. McGinley Mrs. Louise Beebe “Wilde er Mrs. William H. Woodin . Wheeler George W. ae rederick C. ee Mrs. Harold I. Pra Mrs. W: rs Kissel A. eee Mrs. Henry Ce Ta oe ohn T. Ti HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. E. Henry Harriman H. abana Ebpacnee GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden Four hundred acres of beautifully diversified land in the northern part of the City of New York, through which fone a Bronx River. A native hemlock forest is one of the featured of t Plantations ie thousands of native and adie trees, shrubs, and flowering plan dens, mee ding a penutin rose garden a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous gar Greenhouses, containing thousands of een plants from America and foreign countri _Flower shows as ghout the year—in the spring, summer, and autumn displays of narcissi, daffodils, ieee irises, Peonies, roses, lilies, water- lilies, fala li, dahlias, ae chrysanthemums; in the winter, displays of oa ouse-blooming plan A museum, con taining ee of fossil plants, existing plant families, local mani occurring within one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the economic uses of plants. herbarium, comprising more than one million specimens of Amer- ican and foreign species. Exploration in different parts of the United States, the West Indi Cael and South America: for the study and collection of the charaeter istic flora. Scientific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified sate of plant life. libr: of botanical literature, comprising more than 35,000 books snd numerous pamphlet Public lectures on a forest variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the year. Publications on botanical subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and partly of popular, interest. The education of see ol children and the public through the above iving of free information on botanical, horticultural, Patron eee cont Bellow for lite cue ce cements single contribution Wigan More INS bosopodoos von bean single contribution 250 Fellowship Member .............. annual fee 100 Sustaining Member Sivan aiska seeks 5 gunde fee 25 A ali; Mienab erry. teteraeisishepnetote oye n Contributions to the Garden may be eee ae aie incomes. The following is an approved form of bequest e New York Botanical Garden inéorporated under the nae of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum ————— All requests for further a should ie sent to THE NEw BoTaNicaL GARDEN BRONX ee NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXIX Marcu, 1928 No. 339 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN DAFFODILS Joun C. WISTER THE IMPERIAL GARDENS AT SCHONBRUNN Epmunp H. FuLiine PLANTS THAT ARE ATTRACTIVE IN FRUIT KennetH R. Boynton A NATIONAL FEDERATION OF HORTICULTURAL NTERESTS PROJECTED NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN Sreeets, Lancaster, Pa. Tue Scrmncz Press MPANY Hntered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Y W. pF Forest, President A. Hare: ee DE Forest Paw yy tee President Jose 12h Hinwssy . K. Sturats, Vice Pre. Apo_pH LEWISOH: Joun L. MErrILL, ees KENNETH K. MacKeNee N. L. Britton, Secretary BarriINGTON Moore Epwarp D. ApAMs . P. Morcan GerorcE S. BREWSTER Lewis RUTHERFURD Morris NICHOLAS MURRAY Butler Freperic R. NEWBOLD HARLES P. BERKEY H. Hosart Porter Ropert W. DE aed Henry H. Russy Cups Frick Crone J. Ryan WiuamM J. G ORTIMER L. SCHIFF JAMES a Piven Mayor of the City oe New York Wa ter R. Herrick, President of the Department of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pa. D., Chairman WiuraM J. Gres, Pu. Cuartes P. BERKE y, Pu D. Henry H. Rossy, M. D. Nicuotas Mur ay on Pu. D., Georce J. R GARDEN STAFF p ademas Jeee, IDL. Sieh ID ILI IDE Ggsaboabanbo5G000000 Director-in-Chief MarsHALy A . Hows, Pu. D., ESCH asi ance S ieatn Assistant Director Joun K. SMALL, Pu. D., Sc. Lalas wa Head Curator of the Museums \. B. Stout, Pu. ) Director of the Laboratories A. Rypserc, Px. D. Curator 1. A. GLEASoN, Px Curator RED. J. SEAVER, Pu. D. : Curator \rTHUR Hottick, Pa. D. Paleobotanist ERCY neon Associate Curator ALMYRE DI Associate Curator van TEENY BARNHART, A. Mi 5Mj Dees Sekar tamer Bibl Me” RAH H. Hartow, A. M. td Ruspy: Mi Diecast Honorary Curator pe the Economic Collectians LIZABETH G. Britton onorary Curator of Mosses Aary E. EATON rtist OBERT S. WILLIAMS Administ ‘sist . J. ALEXANDER Assistant Curator NDE | CHA NDEER, VACUUM atecsetarele nyeiatereieyeleteer ce eeeuere Technical Assistant CENNETH R. Boynton, B. S. ead Gardener ah, a Denstow, A. M., D. D...... Honea Custodian of Local THerbariine B. SoutHwick, Pu. SDs enntne todian of Herbaceous Grounds STHEL Anson S. PecKHAM. Honorary peg Tris and Narcissus Collections oHN R,. Brin.ey, C. E. Landscape Engineer ALTER S, GROESBECK Clerk and Accountant ARTHUR J. CORBETT .............- Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds a JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXIX Marcu, 1928 No. 339 DAFFODILS The daffodil is one of the most important, if not the most im- portant of the early spring aes and while in the middle and from a knowledge of only a few varieties, especially of Golden Spur, Emperor, Empress, Sir Watkin, Barrii Conspicuus, and ne natus. ffodil Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society has pee - daffodil flowers into ten different classes, based largely ot les: ual to th perianth ae Section III, the Basti on has the cup 49 A[Sursearouy yey} OS ‘vak OF AVDA UTOAZ JQUINU UL dSBIIZUT SojaTIVA Vsoy} JO ysow fo squnq sy Weyyood "HT J2]29Y AA “SAP[ JO UOT IeNP ay] Jepun sssy apew useq savy Sanaea Aue jo ssurjued paziTemieN “gz61 ‘6 AvP paydessojoyd ‘uapsey yes 4 oe TUeIOT YOK MAN Py Jo wory9a]]09 ppoyep ay ry i c aoe y Jo yaed Wo oI aanor. Ries: ey 5I or crown oe ae one-third of the length of the perianth seg- ents. relationship ones the crown and the perianth, and when that is thoroughly understood it is very easy to learn the different varieties. The few varieties I have selected for mention above are well . Therefo during the summer, or Eby of October, on Ge nted eae October or November a a it has been impossible to secure the bulbs earlier. Daffodils will grow in any garden soil, but to be at their best : r purposes it is much better to put good- “sized b s down six inches or even seven. All gardeners will realize os nents of allow- ing the foliage to ripen naturally. The ae ee eg! the cand after blooming has destroyed thousand: There is no more reason for cutting off daffodil ie ore ion ne ee is for cutting down a rose plant after the first flowers have opened. The multiplication of daffodil bulbs also is not readily under- s ener: should be lifted the third or fourth year, and all se offsets must be planted shallowly, the larger ones more dee 52 Daffodil culture in Europe has suffered greatly the last ten to twenty-five years from the inroads of daffodil-fly and eel-worm, tween 110 I rees Fahrenheit for three rs. requires a special sterilizing machin cannot well be handled y amateurs withou machine. Practically all commercial these pests; so that for practical purposes one need not fear buy- ing new bu In my garden, in oe I have had daffodils in bloom f Ma ho 11 wi bother with them, for they are not commercially dealt in to the extent that so many of the other varieties are n the general order of blooming the Tanipets come first, fol- lowed by the Incomparabilis section (usually bem See the Leedsii’s, which are really white-flowered “ mps” ai Barrii’s. The Barrii section comes next and is a by the jos a. 53 Poets and Poetaz. Among well- known varieties, the latest of all t y n G p Netherlands, and has been grown in America in millio ns for many years, it being the common forcing variety used by florists. Out- loors it will come into bloom near Philadelphia the last week in March or the first week in April, and it is known any ga deners on account of this earliness. I believe that hie variety should always be recommended to the ee but I hope th hard to beat. The advent of King Alfred in oe put a little i y or, there is room for as Emperor or King Alfred. Tresserve is another — of velopment is shown by enlargement in size, and occasionally by 54 increased color range. For example, Candlestick and Moonlight pector is a deep golden orange-yello They vary also in height and in tim ming. Golden Spur, Goldfinder, and Guinea Gold are about the earliest; Glory of Leiden, Lord Roberts, Sir ly. Am er Cornelia, Mustapha, and Robert tees e bicolor trumpets bloom only a little later than the yellow trumpets. Empress is probably the best known of these for gen- coloring, because it holds well and is small and dainty for the k garden e of th roc e most beautiful of modern bicolor trum- pets is Mrs. John H which was introduced by van Tubergen in 1915. White trumpets are probably best known to the Amer- ican gardening publi gh the old variety, Mada: hich was introduced by de Graaff in 1870 and has been largely grown ever sin Like many other old flowers, it is bet T- seded ; in white trumpets it is well to be a little careful s on: then d p wi For an early variety Alice Knights is splendid, though not very i est . try it opens a yellowish or cream-white color, fadi af days to pure white. Another famous white trumpet is Peter Barr All of these have been surpassed by Beersheba ; but this wil! nrob- ably not be available in American nurseries for many years. In 55 Europe it still brings about twenty-five dollars a bulb. It will long be out of reach of the gardening ee and until the price comes reasonable we had best stick to the other white trumpets and 1 ir See An old vari ine introduced b: . is V . Milner, a charming little daffodil for rock gardens or natu The In ie varieties See just a little later than the trumpets, and with great range of color. ey are commonly oe into all- aan and pea which hav € per h have a y cro nth. Am small-flowering all-yellows, one den plant in every respec ome consi i species or form, but other nee oa that it was we “ Mr. Pickston and introduced i Whatever its origin may be, \ y bi Sir Watkin holds its place eres among the finer daffodils, ing. Homespun is still smaller ; this was raised by Rev. Dr. Engle- heart and introduced paca in 190. 5 There is coming to the fore among the “ Incomps” a class of grow these, and while there are other pe novelties fo which are Helios (Engleheart, 1915) and Wheel of F TI but a good collection cannot well afford to omit it. This general 56 class includes many other daffodils; those mentioned, howeve will suffice to give the gardener an inkling of the variation in form. With regard to the bicolors from which to choose, there is a similar large variety: Artemis, Chieftain, Lucifer, Orangeman, n and every one o is worthy of a place in the fin garden ; and most of them are cheap enough to be planted in quan- tities. Newer and pensive sorts are Dragoon il- i liams, 1898), Holbein (van Tubergen, 1912), Gre age: Engleheart, 1909), —— Ge D. Williams, aN igh . D the omens and the bicolor, but in this case the cup is so small little earlier. Rather different in color effect are ise Nobility, and Ce = all dre good. choice of the yellow Barrii class is simple, whereas the the older daffodils that are suited g O y emyss-—not eae interesting as a single flower but lovely in masses, introduce ackhouse in 1884; this is one of the oldest of the good ee More modern is Albatross (Engle- atus and Em. ess. It is a fine flower for cutting and stands up to two feet 57 high in the garden or in grass or woodland. Somewhat different and much sm eee cae th: p e . Another ‘ old imer” is Fir So tar (introduced in 1910, and very valuable re its ear as any flower to fulfilling all garden requiremen ts. To give of this group, I shall mention W hite paca totally different er of decorative type, f If I bad to pick favorites from my daffodils, IT should aaa country large flo three inches across, and I have known it to have as many as seven flowers on one bulb in a c re ty also is Hera and Ice G! second year. leam ; and disGuetished: because the cup opens a soft apricot shade as 58 fades to peach with age, is Salmonetta. Southern Gem is very brought out a dozen or more, among eh was Puritan ni cream white s flower seems to be only slightly known either in this country o co} nother large flower i al Queen (Bath, 191 hich can be bought in quantities at a reasonabl price. There is also Her Grace, an exquisitely frilled flower, not very large. But the most famous of the Giant Leedsii’s are Mity- lene, Phyllida, Silver Fox, and White Nile, all of which could be sine to those who care for the pure white flowers of this aaa clas the early varieties, and Da and Dulcimer as two of the best the late ones, almost as late as the old Recur t let me call attention to a group of reasonably priced varieties, such as Epic, Glory of Lisse, Horace, Juliet, and Sonata, all of them originating between 1900 and 1910; and for those desiring 59 finer and more expensive flowers I would recommend Dactyl and anor (already mentioned) and Raeburn, Sarchedon, Snow King, and Socrates. This gives range of season and price: rather than range of form or color, although the cup will vary in the consistency of its red markings. As all gardeners know, the Paper White Narcissus, ae forced in the house in the winter, is not hardy; but that species a Joconde and Orange Cup for mid-season and late, and Sovereign for very late blooming. All of these varieties are deliciously fragrant. Another ete gr oup-—and one little planted—is the Jonquil ol re season, for it remains in bloom sometimes for two to three weeks in spite of storms or hot weather. Another group, better known, are the doubles. These are great favorites with many people. I have never cared much for them, although this unfavorable opinion is re taken from the very bad old Van Sion which is seen in so many old gardens around sition as its colo a poor greenish ow uch nicer is Primrose Phoenix, the origin of which is not known a und in an old Iri arden and introduced from there by th arr firm in 1904, and is, in my opinion, the b f the doubles , and is n available. There are reports from England of many fine new 60 doubles which are more graceful, with beautiful flowers, but ak will need thorough trial before recommendations can be old variety which figured in Parkinson in ee although ba is exceedingly shy of blooming. Some say that it does ae if the bulb is planted one or two feet deep—which sounds like pretty severe treatment ; others say it requires cool, moist soil near a stream or o grow it agree that it is a difficul owe i e many Tri- ¥ trumpet, and is a lovely ey flower, especially good for 0 ments than a we ee but little about them. One of the he foregoing does not by any means exhaust the various types of daffodils, nor could one article mention all the varieties, for 61 their number is legion. But the important thing for American 3 ey oO a a to be willing to get away from Golden Spur, Emperor, ie oo and grow a few good kinds of each of the sections ge pee daffodil embargo has been a blow to those who wish will es difficult to obtain, and our gardeners will, therefore, appreciate them and will be more desirous of securing them. ; oHN C. WISTER. THE IMPERIAL GARDENS AT SCHONBRUNN It was my privi lege during a summer of 1926 to visit the rdens é bie ers and were undefil plebeian tr ern state, he present Austria, founded upon the ruins of that decadent mon- archy, today throws open the gates o hénbrunn to the rabble n hty privilege. And the guides get their pourboires. Such is the irony of history 62 t Schénbrunn is interesting in other respects, if one peruses its s history, not only to the historian but to the horticulturist as the Vienna Bundesgarten. It was J, B. Fischer von Erlach, the gifted architect of Vienna’s snl beauty, whose magnificent plans for Sc n were submitted o Emperor Joseph 696. is project was tremendous an embodied, i rt, g eries of terraces wit! imperial not even the ample resources of the Viennese court could make it come true.” So Fischer von Erlach was forced to modify his extravagant ideas and to lay the gardens behind the palace, where they now n « Among ‘the names of important scholars and apenas gar- deners to whom the plant collections at Schénbrun: e their siz and fame the most prominent is that of the ea of the Aus- 63 trian Horticultural area Alexander Freiherr vor ia wh pt wo cc $8 was spent in securing exotic stock. ‘“ The garden 1784 Bredemeyer was sent to the Antilles will the gardener 64 Schicht. _ The islands of Martinique, ihe Domingo, Porto Rico, n thr notable enrichment of all foreign a that might be secured, partly by purchase and partly by bar “ Jacquin appears now to have sae the attention of the Em peror toward th American trees and shrubs, for from 1788 to t 9 there arose the Arboret ae n increase of glass houses followed at the same time n Februa: , 7 garden suffered a si ck short time later, howev it summoned Nicolau acquin, who meanwhile ha come Pro- fessor of Botany and Chemistry at the University of Vienna, to ssume scientific directorship of Schénbrunn and with this mov there arose of an amateur en a scientific institution.” Jacquin published an important work o} e plants ar runn which had its effects on botanical stud ove: Europe. He “kept in intimate contact with Linnaeus and to the 65 best of his sae partnered the latter’s System which at that time was fundam 1799, sees an absence of fourteen years, Scholl ectumned to carry ural History Museum. Further work was done toward building up the collections under Francis TH, though for the most part through purchase and exchange. Attention was also directed toward fruit culture in an effort to t ti uF gardens made this institution the most mares and ma ific cent e world, for even the Kew Helena : a of which nothing remains any longer in the collec n 18 . "a cquin died and his son was appointed his successor, ffi er, € cepte 0: n though the great collections were still preserved, Schénbrunn began to lose in prestige. In 1817 another expedition was sent to 66 Brazil by Francis I, occasion for which was caused by the mar- hi court garden and menagerie tor, Fra 0s.” ore plants were brought from Haiti, this time by a gardener attached to a private industrial expedition sent fo ness purpose: director. Schott was not only a particularly skilled gardener but also a learned botanist and understood how to bring his institution upon a scientific basis.” “ Still another and this the last expedition was undertaken in to Brazil with the eration of the Archduke Ferdinand ilian. The sci e he tri ici Maximili ientific director o trip was a physician, inrich Wawra, veel paauere Franz Maly, later became garden hers neriffe, incent and Brazi St. Vincent a e explored. ne ate yield from the second expedition 67 into the virgin forests of Brazil was especially notable. The ing plants and seeds brought back from this trip included ou - species.’ n Marc ie of re Schénbrunn lost its eee Schott, through ia bad counse $ an to give the collections second consideration. Through careful of glass reb especial value on the maintenance of the Ericaceae, Rhodoraceae, Vetter retired in 9 and in re place Anton Umlauft was appointed court ei i c man of unusual knowledge, coupled with a captivating amiability, he understood how to in- terest the oth se con ive hi u: cial in new build- ings and rchases. After some years, in 1896, m- lauft became director of the court gardens we se onbri d voted director that he decided to resign from further service in 68 the spring of 1919. Next to Schott one of the most renowned ft Vv: e a won at the great plant collections could be kept w: th proportionate little loss. After the assumption by the state, Sche nmbrunn beg t med to r well as fe reece ete to Schénbrunn and to erect here the center of botanical and professional study. . . . If and when shrunken means of the state will realize this eedllent plan ee is beyond our power to predict. Only a few of the plants now ae eee at Schénbru can be mentioned here. In t Im house are two eee fine specime f Todea barbara, the Gra ‘ern, whi it: the southern hemisphere ae ast Africa to New Zeala: and t several centuries. A parti ceany well-devel an ed specimen of *Cereus peruvianus monstrosus, the Hedge Cactus from South merica, as well as a massive Rhapis ave the Fern is ion. Ther Rhapis from China and Japan, attract attenti re are speci- e Cibotium Schiedei, the n cibotium; 4lsophila australis, the Australian tree-fern from Tasmania and Australia; Cyathea dealbata, a tree-fern from Ne ealand; as well as *C, medullaris, the Sago fern, from t ame Y lechnum brasiliense, the Brazilian Blechnum; Balantinm antarcticum, from Australia Tasmania ; *Angiopteris Theysmaniana, from ms the most valuable are speci: onorops periacanthus from Sumatra; *Maximiliana regia from Brazil Seaforthia elegans, which may be either of horticultural origin or 69 of the genus cael doaateeds Oreodoxa regia, the Royal Palm from Cuba and Ant orenia Lindeniana from Sout! America ; Arenga arco from Malaya; eee *Thrinax fer- the Thatch palms. ycads there are Dioon edule from Mexico ; *Encepha- lartos grandis, E. oe iad ad Tanna, and E. villosus from Africa ; Z West Indies, aad Ceratozamia *Kuesteriana and a Miqueliana from Mexico. A view in the gardens of Schénbrunn, near Vienna, show- Ficure 2. ing aac bordered by unilateraily trimmed linden a fine collection of Aroids Philodendron Selloum and P. gi- ganteum from tropical America 2 are eee noteworthy, and of the Pa: G at Schénbrunn and had to be sented eee with a visit to the the mae that attracted my attention in ie was the : An asterisk marks those not in the collections of The New re ey Garden. 70 green wall twenty feet high that surrounded it along two sides, a wall fashioned from linden trees, densely grown together and mm, ngt the The gee was Peitect and Leave that impression of long straight i nch eeiice and pihee man-made ornamentation, ie charac- teristic of these gardens of Europe, are ut their resence is truly an added attraction a fe not an eye- , as on so frequently feels about the pseudo-art exhibited in many places this countr pon a knoll at the farther end of the garden at Schénbrunn stands the beautiful Gloriette, a colonnade in Ro- coco built i by the architect Hohenber; n e foot of the knoll, nestled against an arborescent background, lies one of those charming fountain eee es with = oo p> H. Fur PLANTS THAT ARE ATTRACTIVE IN FRUIT? To provide food for birds, to decorate the landscape or winter 1! fruits in bouquet arrangement were displayed on ie stage and many more on the screen. Showy-berried branches of Dwarf Spindle Tree, Red Choke- berry, Purple Chokeberry, Rock Cotoneaster, Japanese Bitter- vm y Ash and sweet, Beautyberry, Japanese Prickly A the Thunberg Viburnum are now (November 12) to ound in various part: of the The last-named is o the most striking of the newer shr h fruit lasting very la the winter ‘h wer bs, w e int : e Beautyberry, or Callicarpa, is the most unusual, with its clusters of — berries. Another rare and striking shrub, one 1 Abstr: of an illustrated lecture given at The New York Botanical Garden on Ruiner afternoon, November 12, 1927. 71 of the deciduous group of hollies, Hex serrata argutidens, the Garden as part of the work in plant conservation, the use of this plant as a Christmas berry being esos feasible. These are some of the more prominent of our fruiting shrubs. the garden to ripen fruit. In late June one may see a rich com- oO es of ripening. In July the fruits are : the earliest ber year. Soon a: pening all of the on cee Tn a past ten at ae vigorous seedlings have ung up, ock Gro va arts of Ba where ie ae ae ea a seeds. Near this foreign ena in our woodlands may be seen the humble poke-weed. Ther 0 plant quite so royal in fruit and autumnal foliage Oise as thi is. Another immigrant, the Seven Sisters or Multiflora Rose makes the tangled thickets of the Garden bright in winter, and the fruits oralberry and the Snowberry—the latter, when in good condi- ii plump and crystal-white, furnish long-enduring winter gar- n decorations. Kennetu R. Boynton. 72 A ne FEDERATION OF es ERESTS PROJECT On November 28, 1927, the cere Horticultural So- ciety—the oldest organization of its kind in the country—cele- i undredt tion at the hands of a number of leaders in ‘ie industrial, pro- fessional and amateur branches of the broad field of horticulture. ing: en held ing t conven- by means of centralized, codrdinated effort on the part o existing Salama and interests. The vey Committee consists of Robert Pyle, West Grove, P a. n; Mrs. Francis B. Crowinshield, Montchanin, Del.; ohn i phi the s is being made by E. L. eymour, Hempstead, - ecutive secretary. Based on the results of this study a report will be prepared, with recommendations, for submission, first to a Committee of Consultation up of a number of the most ng to codperate in an advisory capacity is Dr. L. H. Bailey, of 73 Ithaca, N. Y., the dean of American horticulture and its most commanding figure, who has en is keen and sympathetic d. interest in the tentative bias thus far outline It is interesting to n i according to Dr. Bailey, at least three attempts have ae the last half century to con- solidate or amalgamate horticultural interests on a basi Despite the fact that these attem failed of anent results, he feels that the continued, insistent conviction that such a feder- o a B® be °o ct. 5 oO > rt) n cs ® @ ian ing o o =] a oa @ i] + o oe ct a o a io) 7. ditions more favorable than at the present for the carrying out of the idea. Further developments in the program of United mene as these are announced from time to time, can well Pe atched for with interest by all who have a common interest in ‘ a more beau- tiful and more fruitful America.” NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT r. B. O. Dodge, who has been for the past eight years pathol- ogist of the Bureau of Plant Industry of the ee States De- me: Agri pted app nt pathologist of The New York Botanical Garden a will begin work at the Garden on May 1. Dr. Dodge was assistant and in- structor in the ees of Botany of Columbia University from 1909 to I The Botanical Garden has recently received another collection of herbarium specimens fr from J. S. de la Cruz, of British Guiana, which contains one species new to science and el hitherto un- vi only from two old collections from Surinam and French Guiana, th in poor conditio Rance ian, ie January, The total onan for oo onth was 1.425 inches, .025 inches of which was a 2)4-in 74 The maximum temperatures Hecorded at the Garden for f I te peratures were 11° on the 3rd; 19° on ihe 16th ; oe on the 2ist; and 7° on the 30th. Meteorology for February. The total i eae for the sno The month was 4.275 inches, .105 inches of wh part. week were: 55} : the 14th; ie on ae 23r a and soe he 29th. The mini- um temperatures were: 12° on the 6th; on the 13th; 13° on ee roth; and 514° on the a7th. ACCESSIONS BOOKS FROM THE LIBRARY O R. J. H. BARNHART, PUR enue — (Conte D) Le Maout, Jean UEL Em élémentaire de botanique ++. comprenant Forgoarahe ae et Viconographie des fam- illes d'Europe. Pari ,E. A ails ete system of modern geography; con- ‘aining an accurate daineatie 4 a the world, [its] climate, soil, agri- culture, foresis, botany. 2 vols. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 181 Société @’ histoire naturelle de Strasbourg. Vols. 1-6. Paris, 1830-70. Afuseum Srey en ane Vols. 1-3. Frankfurt am Main, 1834-45. NEIGEBAUR, HLA, DINAND. Clie der Kaiserlichen Leopo idino—Carolinischen deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher wihrend des swetten Jahrhunderts noe Bestehens. Jena, 1 Newron, en: RY, & JENNEY, WALTER Proctor. Report on the "geology and of Pickertnc, CHARLES. The geographical distr ibution of animals and plants. mols ston, 1863. ScHNIZLEIN, ADALBERT CarL Frieprich HeELLwic Conran. An 1 den natiirlichen Ordnungen der Gewéichse und deren saémmilichen Familien in Europa. Sd ate Neue Ausgabe, Erlangen, n. d. Scutseter, FreperrK CHRISTIAN. e Pflanzenwelt Norwegens. (Allge- meine Theil.) Christiana, 18 - SELIBER, GERSCHEN. ariations von Jussieua repens mit besonderer — riicksichtigung das ff der Wasserform vorkommenden: Aerenchyms. Halle a. d. S., 1905. Serrnce, Nrcoras Cuartes. Nouvelle disposition des Hage végétales par classes, sous-classes, ordres et sous-ordres. Paris, 1856. 75 aapee James Hervey. ee on ene across the Great Basin e Territory of U be Washington, ee “Guo ORGE. i woburnensis. [Ed. 2.] London, 1824. Siru, Joun. Ferns: British & foreign. New and enlarged ed. London SmirxH, WortHincton Grorce. Mushrooms and toadstools. Ed. 2. Lon- Sotms-LaupacH, Hermann MAxIMILIAN me Lupwic FriepRicH zu. eber Orobanche Buskiana Koch. Berlin, 3. Somersetshire archaeological and natural eae society. Proceedings, 8 5. 1849-54. ‘aunton, 1851-55 oULAT, RiBetTe. Famille des Characées. Limoges, 1892. SpauLvine, Joun H. Historical relics - es White Mountains; also a con- cise White Mountain guide. Ed. shington, Srorron, Henry Byron. Elements a a ee Rev. ed. To- ronto, Beer) ors Potycarp Joacnim. Anleitung sur Kenntuiss der Ge- Vols. 1, 3. Halle, 1802-04. ens Howarn. Bins ae survey of the valley of the Great 1852. = Salt (Sterner, Lewis Henry.] Synopsis oF genera contained in Wood's class ee of botany, arranged according to the Linnaean artifical system. -?p. Soar, Kare Gustav WitueLm. Rhizodendron oppoliense Gopp. Bres- I a Epwano. Wayside and woodland trees: a pocket guide to the British i -ylva. on, 1904. Stevens, Georce Tuomas, Ax illustrated guide to the flowering plants of the Middle Atlantic and New England States (excepting the grasses and sedges). New York, tgto. Stewart, Joun Linpsay. Punjab plants, comprising botanical and vernac- t 4 war names, and uses of most of th es, shrubs, ges herbs of eco- nomical ee growing with in the pro ho STOcKDALE, JoHN JosEPH. etches, civil aid military, vi the island of Java... comprising interesting details of Batavia, and authentic par- ticulars of the celebrated poison tree. Ed. 2. Tonto ee Stokes, AL CHraTHaM. Analytical keys to the genera and species of resh water algae and the Desmidiae a the United ae poe and, 1893. Stone, Wirmer. The planis of southern New Jersey, sshd iia refer- ence to the flora of the Pine Barrens. Vols.1, 2. Tre ‘ Stores, Mane CHarLorre CARMICHAEL. Ancient plants. sae 1910. STRASBURGER, Epuarp ce Das kleine botanische Prakticum fiir An- fanger. Ed. Jen ——. Ueber Dellbilduny Zelitheilung. ie 875. Srronc, A.B. The American flora. [Ed. 2.] Vol. 1. 1851. 76 Sturtevant, Epwarp Lewis. Maize; an attempt at classification. Roches- ter, I ape Grorce Bisuor, & Fernow, BernHarp Epuarp. Trees of Wash- ton, as: ington, I Seen Wrizam. Handbook of hardy herb d alpine fi Edinburgh, 1871. OLo! LoEMAR. Om de svenska dikotyledonernas pes eran dakar ‘lie utueckling fran fré tul blomning. 1. ciell del. Uppsala, 1906. Tuayer, Emma (Homan). Wild flowers of Colorado. New York, c 1885. Turorin, Per Gustar EMANUEL. Om aa af vaxtslem uti knop- parna hos familjen Polygoneae fon Stoel 72. 4 ae ae plantarum 1 novarum vel minus inane manipulus. n. p. I —. Hyperict genus eiusque species amadueranner Bonnae, [Tawris, Cart BerNHARD von.] Genera plantarum ad familias suas re- dacta. Pe ——. 1 ice actis a se editorum generibus ac speciebus supplementa, int-Pétersburg, 1836. UEXKULL-GYLLENBAND, Marcarete von. Phylogenie der Blittenformen und der Coe heats bet den Compositen. Inaugural disserta- uttgart, 1QOr, Vierra, M. Larritte. West Philadelphia illustrated. Philadelphia, 1903. ViLMorIn-ANpRIEUX & Cre. Album clichés. Ed. 2. Paris, 1 Watton, Euryau. Flowers from the upper Alps, with glimpses of their homes. London, r&6o. WILLKOMM, Pee Moritz. Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs . nach uv. Schubert's Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Ed. 3 Esslingen, pe PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical Garden, monthly, containing notes, news, and non-technical articles. Free to members of the Garden. To _ Mycologia, bim conve devoted to fungi, in pelnaine | lichens; $4.00 a Years thirty-two in each volume. Su pease a as a year. [Not me. offer a Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden, containing reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- bodying results of investigations. Free to all members of the Garden; to me. orth American Bore Descriptions of the wild plants of North Amer- four or more parts. 58 parts now rec dcde SuhecHnben price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the angen, ele: I-VI, $1.50 per volume; to others, $3.00. Vol. VII, $2. 50 to member: others, Vol. I. na a eiocited Catalogue of the Flora oe Bonharie and the Yel- lowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix-+ 492 pp., with detailed map. Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi-+ 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903. Wolenlils Stidics of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischer- ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii-+- 138 pp., with 29 es. ol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Rents, se Charles Stuart Gager. viii-+ 478 pp., with 73, sons and a al lates. Vol. V. Flora of the Micini of New 7A Gacuiieon to Plant pcosraphy, by Norman Tay vi+ 683 with 9 plates. 1915. 1. VI. Papers presented a the Geleteation' of the Twentieth Anni- eas of The New York Botanical Garden. viii-++594 pp., with 43 plates and many text figures. 1916. Vol. VII. Includes New Myx ophyceae from poe Rico, by N. L. Gardner; athe Flower Behavior of Avocados, by B. Stout; nese tions of w Genera and ppecies of ine eeitectad on the Mu Cee ppioleeice! Eiplorstion of the Amazon Valley, 1921-1922, by H. H. Rus lora of the Saint Eugene ee ionteday Valley: British ee fata, ey eUnue sto. llick, vjiii-++ 464 pp., with 47 plates, 10 charts, and II text- onnes! _Contributions | from The New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- ical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted frei journals nee lee ae above. Pee 25 cents each. $5.00 per vol- ume. In the twelfth v THE NEW YORK eat GARDEN nx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden Four hundred acres of beautifully sae land in the northern Bei: of the City of New York, through which s the Bronx River. An hemlock forest is one of the eatures of the t tract. ou ardens, enn ng a beautiful rose garden, a rock garden of rock- louiae plants, and fern and herbaceous gardens. ‘ See ne thousands ae interesting plants from America ntri Flower shows throughout the year—in the sp ng, summer, and autumn displays of narcissi, daffodils, lies. irises, peomes roses, lilies, water- ies seladiol dahlias s, and chry anthemums; in the winter, displays of ing a s. useum, containing exhibits of fossil plants, existing plant families, a a local plants occurring e avhin one a ndred miles of the City of New York, and the economic uses of plan An her Dene cou etine more than one million specimens of Amer- ee and foreign spec xploration in differe nt parts of the United States, the West Indies, Cae and South America, for the study and collection of the character- istic flora. Sc pee Teach in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of ae life. A libra een literature, comprising more than 35,000 books and hanes pamphlets Public lectu: Se, on a hea variety of botanical topics, continuing eee Public eee subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and partly of alte interest. The education of school children and the public through the abov, features and the giving of free information on botanical, ehorticuleneat e Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by ee aus of New York, private benefactions and membership fees possesses now nearly two thousand members, and appear te membership are always welcome. The classes of membership are: Bene Pe bdoddduopedtoud haope ces i ontr i i, IOP IA May Uae aly mabe so g oy op single contribution 5,000 Fellow TEMEG) a Rete cee single contribution 1,000 Memiberato tg eileen tri etrritttets single gonteibution 250 Fellowship Member .............. annua 100 Sustajning Member .............. een fee 25 AmmualaWemberut teenie ual fee Contributions to the Garden may be cee from taxable incomes. The following is an approved form of beque I hereby poiuenl? to The New York Botanical “carte incorporated wnder the Laws of N ork, Chapter 285 of 1891, the ———— All ae fo further information shoul ie sent to HE aN EW YORK BOTANICAL meen ONX PARK, NEW YORK C VOL. XXIX ApRIL, 1928 No. 340 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE AWARDS AND PRIZE-WINNING PLANS 1928 SMALL GARDEN COMPETITION PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTAN- ICAL GARDEN DURING THE YEAR 1927 DR. SMALL’S COOPERATION ITH MR. EDISON MarsHa.t A. Howe CONFERENCE NOTES FOR JANUARY A Y NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND GREEN Streets, LANcastTEr, Pa. THE ScrencE Press Printine CoMPANYy Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Jenry W. DE ae oresT, Presiden Revae ER TenRY DE For 1 BALDWIN, Vice President JosrepH P. HENNESSY ne IES Stunts, Vice Ee, ent ApoLtpH LEwISOHN Joun w L. Mer Kennet K. tame N. L. Brr rae ees ns Barrincton Moor Zpwarp D. ADAMS P. Morcan SEORGE S. Brewsti Lewis perc tee Me TCR OHS Mnnay ‘Buriee FREDERIC New SHARLES P. Ber H. Hoparr Poe ROBERT ee ae Ouest Henry H CHILDS Grorce J. Rya WILLIAM 1. fon Monn a oa AMES 7 SE: Mayor of the City of New Watter R. Herrick, President of the bans of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairman Wut J. Gres, Px. D. R. Cuartes P. Berkey, Pu. D. Henry H. Russy, M. D. NICHOLAS tes Tea ee Iessty 1D) GeorcE J. RYAN iLL, ID), ', 1D). GARDEN STAFF N. L. Britton, Pu. Yop D RIGIEA Deer mea apo Mab odbe Direaen. Chief MarsHatt A. Howe oe De ee ADL yietevevsal sve ear se Steer istant Director Joun K. SMALL, Pu. IDEPSCAD ee aera let ars Head Curator of t the Museums A. B. Stout, Pu. D. Director of the Laboratories P. A. RypBere, Pas Ds ee HA. A. Gieason, Pu. D. Curator Frep. J. SEAveR, Pu. D. ...... Curator rtTHUR Hottiick, Pu. D. Pa leobovwnae Percy WILSON Associate Curator ALMYRE DE C. MITCHELL Associate Curator OHN HENDLEY Bae AS MESSI IDS 2hhsssneayerelesayciete errr Bibliographer ARAH H. Hartow, A. M. Librarian 1. H. Russy, M. Dine wee Honorary Curator aly se Beane CoN LIZABETH G. Ih y Curator of Mi pe Lary E. Eat 0 rtist nae Ss Wrttrases Admi te . J. ALEXAN Assistant Curator LYDE Canes A. M. Technical Assistant ) i=) = o 4 > =] iat o ta o Fa mollis hybrids were also in evidence, as well as a few native azaleas of the nudiflora type. It was interesting to note the range of variation in the Indian and Kurume azaleas. Doubling was either of the hose-in-hos of the upper corolla lobe was another character which appeared nsities. mber of distinctly new tendencies were displayed i in the hb eae gs, which indicate that we may b to some valuable new races of azaleas. One of these tenden- cies is exempli fied in the increasing use of the Kurume azaleas or hybridizi n on their own roots from cuttings, the time required might be even 107 longer and results less certain. Now, such a method, under pres- parently been resumed on comprehensive scale by other hybridists, following the compara- Ki state, but it is evident that the Kurume azaleas are being used in many crosses and that a large number of interesting new forms are being produced. Another promising new variation is the tendency of some seed- tation and which have strong evidences in foliage and habit of an influx of the “ blood” of Azalea mollis, a yellow species. This is a big step in advance. propagator for Messrs. Heat and Atkins, who deserves much rais crosses. In the s: i b intermediate type in many characters, althoush the leaves closely 108 resembled an azalea. The flower was a clear blush pink, about one and one-half inches acr Another hybrid which ee considerable attention was one Its erally produce weak seedlin s. Those which have survived and mediate heir parents in nearly all characte n the present case, there ttl indication of rhododendron par- entage except in form of s really does resemble rho- eur then the hybrid nature of this plant would be eee might well be duestioned, although its value as a new variety is beyond criticism. It was of a deep, clear red color and was unquestionably one of the best azaleas in the show. CLEMENT Gray BOWERS. THE MRS. . See HOYT oo OF VING DESERT PLANTS A collection of living plants from the Mojave Desert of South- S d ern California was a hibit that attracted wide favorable attention at the International Flower Show held at t ra Palace in ork, March 19-24. e plants, together with sand and rocks of their native habitat, wer $ the continent at a siderable expense by Mr. Sh t e adena den and were y her in r Club, stage artistic and naturalistic groupings to oe the “beauty and charm of the desert.” It was done primarily in behalf of the 109 oe vation eigen - the Garden Club of America to stimu- iment vor Ficure 1. A part of the collection of plants of the Mojave Desert, as exhibited by Mrs. A. Sherman Hoyt at the International Flower Show, March, 1928. sands of years of adaptation to an arid environment. And some of the desert plants, like the “ Desert Holly ” (Atriplex ee elytra) have a commercial value and are in possible danger of extermination ica included about fifty ae of eae desert pate of southern California a. zona. Prom: ong them were the stately Saguaro Cac ei arnegiea gigan- on the Organ Cactus (Lemaireocereus es the Barrel caer SY) AY PUG mUYY asmULY [eu Usosup SYP AY 4 XO SI] 0} POpIEME o10M STEp|UT PJOL) “FAO “SII Ay Usprery [eouejog BOA MIN OMY 0} poytiasasd spiemsayyze ‘gz6r ‘yoseyy. ‘Moys JeMOLA [euoryeusawy oy} ye ‘eIUIOYED ‘euapeseg JO ‘\Aopy weusays “y ‘sty Aq pariqryxa se ‘yrasaq] aavlopy oy} Jo-syuelg “z aunolg III Cactus (Ferocactus — Bigelow’s Prickly-pear (Opuntia ae the Joshua Tree (Cleistoyucca nee The Lord’s Candle (Yucca Whipplet), the Ocotil (Pounihenia splendens), the Palo Verde (Parkinsonia ce hylla), th WwW d numerous cacti habitat group and the general effect was enhanced by a painted background of desert mountain: t the close of the Flower Show oe remarkable collection of desert plants was presented by Mrs. Hoyt e New York Botanical Garden. It has been ie in — ee area of House 6 of Gaeaay Range No. 1, where an effort has been stage it a ate as sero as it was exhibited at the ciation ‘of plants about as they look when growing in their native param cea the beginning of a series of habitat groups under g Marsuatit A. Howe. THE PRESENT STATUS OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION* The meaning of evolution is probably more misunderstood than any other doctrine of science. The misunderstanding has arisen chiefly from ignorance of the eae and from misrepresenta- en means that plants and animals hos developed in a an orderly way, under the guidance of natural laws, a as the solar system has developed in obedience to natural law bstract of a lecture given at New York Botanical Garden on paien afternoon, March 31, 112 To appreciate the present status of organic evolution, one should know at least the outline of its history. There have been three distinct periods in the history of evolution, based upon the method of attack. These : three methods may be spoken of in gen- eral as speculation (ancient), observation and inference (medi- val), and experinetati n (mo 1. Speculation. — a of organic veyolations is as old as o record of men’s Gout No modern man, therefore, is respon- sible for the idea. Until 1790, however, organic evolution was a pure speculation, with no basis of scienti ¢ worl 2. Observati n had begun to guseye plants and animals as they in there came the revelations of geology, showi derful succession of plan mals from the earliest geological pe- 1 to the present time. This accumulation of an t suggest to certain the serious study of evolution. A succes- sion of explanations appeared, the most conspicuous being those of Lamarck and win. As facts continued to Itiply, the various explanations offered were found to be i X- plain of the facts. The men who offered these explanations were not at all convinced that they had reached the ultimate truth Their explanations were given as suggestions, rather than as nec- essary conclusions. . Experimentation—This represents the modern per was ushered in chiefly by the work of de Vries, who ee e experiment of evolution. By ns of carefully con- trolled cultures, he discovered a plant in the actual performance of producing occasionally a new fo any such observations have now ade, so th ion is no longer something merely inferred, but is demonstrated repeatedly. It is quit if- ferent question whether the pro explanations are adequat that faces us today is not to discover whether evo- e work has shown that no single explanation is adequate for all the phenomena of evolution. It may be said that all of the classic 113 explanations explain some things, but no one of them can explain things. At present we are developing the technique of demonstration, ast in by ope: up the great field of he which is not onl extent, but also extremely complex. The present status of evolu- tion, as a body of doctrine, may be to be in a state of flux, out f which the fut will emerge eventually. When evolution is discussed t there is shown considerable diver- sity of opinion, not as to the fact of evolution, but as to some tren mpt to explain the process. 0 su ize the present situation in reference to evolution, the following statements may be made. Biologists are testing the i sions acts. They are complex, not to be explained so simply as had been supposed, and therefore is still ‘in the melting pot,” as a distinguished scientist has remarked. Joun M. Courter. CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH ly conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered nee : ie Garden was held on the afternoon of March 7th. Dr. M aes spoke under as fas le of “ Notes on Marine Algae from Brazil and Hudson Ba’ The Brazilian aa discussed were e-eéltected by Dr. J. N. Rose and Mr. P. G. Russell in the summer of 1915, while they were ngaged primarily in collecting Cactaceae. Only forty species of algae were ed, but of them, SS the ous Porphyra and Cottoniella of the red algae, appea: science, an other. pparently not ae ae eee from zil. Twelve species were picked up at Barbados on the re and seven of these are additions to the list of 215 species attributed to Barbados by late Miss Vickers on the point of being eee by the Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 114 The report on a collection of marine algae made in Hudson Bay by Mr. F. Johansen has recently been published in Ottawa as a part of the b otanical reports of the Canadian Arctic Expedition. s forty-fo r bei entire lack of lattice structur h is a prominent character of he rid the grains of the two latter groups a also from the Cichorieae by the possession of two or more lacumae an t bsence of spines which are panes of the ridges of the grains of the Cichorieae. neluded in the genus Barnadesia wer species, B. inermis Rusby divaricata Griseb., ch aacie tricolpate pol- len-grains devoid of all crests and lacun: of these two species has been removed from the g and there r is ample evidence, apart from the pollen-grain structure, that the former was misplaced. The polten- grains of Bar nadesia bear no resemblance to those nities Barnadesia xe) This view is substantiated by similarities of floral structure = other characters. Thus it appears that Barnadesia should be garded as a subtribe of the Vernonieae. . B. Stout, Secretary of the ee 115 CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL The regular monthly conference of the Scientific Staff and ees: Students of The New York Botanical Garden was m the afternoon of oe in 4. ee Progien, with brief ab- stracts of the discussions, was as follo “ Recent Exploration in Florida, és oe Dr. J.KS Accompanying some remarks on recen ee in Florida nia. “ Pleistocene Plant Remains from Cuba ” and “ A New Method of Hiisteets 2 Identifications of Fossil Leaf Remains,” by Dr. rthur Holli ick A collection om Pleistocene plant remains from the province of Santa Clara, ba, was exhibited and commented upon.: T! > oO mals. Plates of a forthcoming work on the fossil flora of Porto Rico, now nearly ready for the press, were aera About fifty new 116 species were represented and the method was explained and demonstrated by means of which tracings of existing leaves were ime: lower or lower middle Tertiary age. Genencally it is, apparently, identical with the existing flora of the region, and many of the species are difficult to differentiate from those of today. A. B. Stow, Secretary of the Conference. PUBLIC LECTURES DURING APRIL AND MAY The following is the program of illustrated lectures at The New York Botanical Garden during April and May. The lectures are given in the Museum Building on Saturday afternoons, be- ginning at 4:00 0’clock. Doors are opened at 4: 15 to admit late- comers. April 7. “ Beauties from the Flower Shows,” Mr. Kenneth R. Boynton. April 14. “On the Long’s Peak Trail,” Mr. Howard H. Cleaves. April 21. “ Gladiolus, Wild and aaa n T. McLean. April 28. ‘Insects of Shade Trees oe eae Dr. E. P. Felt. May 5. “ Daffodils. Mr. B. Y. "Morrison, May 12. “ Farming te Bouquets on sa Cote d’A. s. Wheeler i. ‘Peckham. May 19. “ How to Study Ferns,” Prof. Henry J. Fry. May 26. “ Chinese Asters,” Prof. Roland H. Patch. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Howard H. Cleaves, naturalist, explorer, and wild-life photog- rapher, who spent more than three months along the coast of the On the Long’ M months spent in the Rockies of Gunhen central Colorado re- TI7; cently, encamped at the base of Mt. Meeker. The talk was fully illustrated with hand-tinted lantern views from original photo- aoe crevices in the great boulders where the coney eee a hom Contrary to the general opinion, eastern gardeners have less ith in if i panses of green lawn are foreign and unnatural in a California 118 landscape.” In her lecture Miss Loines stressed the influence of the Spanish missions on both the gardening and architecture. She traced the history of the two back to the Spanish missions iated wit! of the ol h pictures of small gardens in the cities as well as some of the large show places urday, March 17, 1928, Professor ea E. Hazen, of Yy ba sonian Institution of Washington. Sailin, aie New York in mid ; as the young c trees. With headquarters at Port of Spain, the ies nets I1g enabled the party to visit representative parts of the island by motor trips. Several of these excursions were described by the lecturer. Especially noteworthy were visits to the Piarco and Aripo savannas, the latter distinguished with groves of majestic iche Moriche palms, one of t istic remnants linking the island ith the Oronocan region th America; to t forest o ount Tocuch the northern range; to the Pitch Lake and sugar plantations in the south. The small islands forming a chain re no er of Trinidad alm o the coast of Mapas were visited by means of a motor boat, and furnished an ely interesting flora of cacti and other plants growing xtrem ere ae practically desert conditions r. Oliver Perry Medsger, head of the department of biology more years Mr. ae Se has devoted a month or two each season to valleys to the eae of the highest peaks. He described e plant life i he sum- aes chestnut growing in the lowlands and on the s. to an elevation of 1600 feet. These have all been a - te chestnut blight and their places are now being taken by other species. Mr. Medsger finds the poe one of the very best f three miles of Woodland, New York, vehich probably equals any other place in the United States. Mr. Medsger illustrated his talk with nearly a hundred lantern slides, many of them in color. 120 of Catskill Mountain scenery and of the native flora, including grasses, sedges, an owering plants taken on his rambles month was 1.93 inches, which was £ snow. The maximum temperatures recorded for each week or part of a week were: 50° o € 3 62° on th ae, asth; nd 5734° on the ~ The minimum temperatures were 1514° on the 6th; 28° on gth; 29° on the 2ot t 31st. Ice melted in i middle lake on March 1 ACCESSIONS Museums anp HERBARIUM 66 mens of marine algae from Brazil. (By exchange with the United Reis National aaa I4 specimens of mari algae from Barbados. (By exchange with the beep States Nee Her ‘barium. ) specimen of Chara Kenoyeri, part of type, from Canal Zone. (By ite with the United States National Herbarium 13 specimens of marine algae from Baffin Bay and the Gulf of St. best versitetets Botaniske Museum, Copenhagen.) I specimen of Riccta Sela from The New York Botanical Garden. ie Ke Dr. A. B. Sto peci Helimed eee from Costa Rica. (By exchange with ie United Bee Sia Museum.) 7 specimens of marine algae from Maine. (Given by Miss Rosalie 12 specimens of Hepaticae from Costa Rica. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) 5 specimens of marine algae from Port Limén, Costa Rica. (By ex- change with the United States National Museum.) 1 specimen of Laminaria Agardhti from Connecticut. (Given by Miss Rosalie Weikert. 7,000 specimens of mosses, being the herbarium of the late Dr. G. N. Best. 121 I specimen of Cladophora crispata from Brooklyn. (Given by Mr. Har- rison Elliott. I specimen °: University. 9 specimens aa aa from southern California. (Given by Miss Caroline C. Hay specimen of Porphoe ferforata from Japan. (Given by the United + Ad; ¢. Oregon. (By exchange with Yale ecimen et First isiforme from Cuba. (Given by Brother ane 2 specimens of Riccia from Wisconsin. (Given by Dr. Conklin.) 70 specimens of flowering plants from Haiti. (Collected by Mr. E. C. Leonard. 2 photographs of the type specimen of Lupinus candicans and L. cyaneus. (By exchange with United States National Museum.) 139 specimens of flowering plants from Cuba. (Collected by Mr. J. G. ck. 874 plants from Europe. (By exchange with the University of seats cimen of Oncoba echinata from Porto Rico. (Given by Mr. T. B. MeClelland. ) 118 specimens of orchids from Cuba and Kamtschatka. (By exchange with the Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden. 4 ie aphs of Rubiaceae. (By exchange with United States National im.) aS specimens of flowering plants from eastern North America. (Given 450 specimens of flowering plants from Wisconsin and Iowa. (By ex- change with the University of Wisconsin.) ° ete 7 Solidago from Texas. (Given by Mr. E. R. Bogusch.) Io specimens of Solidago from the local cas range. (Given by Mr. ‘erguson. eS ers. ritton.) I specimen of Capnoides sempervirens. (Given ‘by “Miss A. Halsey.) 4 specimens of flowering plants. (Given by Dr. Arthur Hollick.) I specimen of Eleocharis from Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr. W. C. Ferguson.) I specimen of Lythrum. (Given by Dr. Arthur Hollick.) I specimen of Pogonia from the local flora range. (Given by Mrs. Arabella O. McKee.) specimen of unas arvensis from Pennsylvania. (Given by Pro- fessor C. L. Gru Y specimen of Paiiaea from New York. (Given by Mr. Percy Wilson.) : | vei = oo from Staten Island, New York. (Given by s Mary E. on.) 122 ' 350 specimens of — plants from the herbarium of Marcus E. Jones. (By exchange with Pomona College.) 22 er of flowering plants from Hawall Degen (Given by Mr. Otto ffl i 1 f the eastern United States. (Given by Dr. H. M. Denslow.) 13 specimens of mimosaceous plants from North America. (By ex- change with the United States National Museum. imosa family. (By exchange with the eum.) 6 imens of flowering plants from Staten Island, New York. (Given by Dr. hehe Hollick.) I specimen of Asclepias. (Given by “ce Otto Bern.) ke m Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr. W. C. 5 specimens of flowering plants from New York. (Givn by Dr. Arthur ritton. i n.) I specimen of ee Baas “Gen . oe N. L. Britton.) FE by Dr. B 29 specimens of flowering plants from ee York. (Given by Dr. H. ensl. . 10 specimens of flo lowering plants from Tobago and Trinidad, West i idad.) oundland and ersity.) 120 specimens of ferns from ae ico and Hispaniola. (By exchange m.) of flowering plants Ae Jowa. (By exchange with the rereniee Clee Ames, Iowa. 260 specimens flowering plants from Europe. (By exchange with 2 specimens of flowe ing plants from Cuba. (By exchange with the s from a America. (By ex- 95 specimens of miscellaneous flowerin; ee from North America. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) BOOKS FROM THE LIBRARY OF DR. J. H. BARNHART, P ASED 1926 (CONTINUED) Acta nina aun 1864-89. Lund, 1864-89. ARME me m Dat ED. The autobiography of Joseph Le Conte. hee nee Tae Epw. rt on the geology, mineralogy, ae and Repo: zoology of renerenets ... in four parts. Amherst, 1833 123 Katalog der vom Geheimrathe C. F. Ph. von Martius hinterlassenen Bib- liothek. Miinchen, 1869. Koorners, Sryrert Henprix. Botanische Untersuchungen iiber einige in ava vorkommende Pilze, besonders Eat ot t+ bewohnende, para- dam Lawson, Grorce. Papers read to the Boe aicl society of Edinburgh. i 8, The fern flora of Canada; descriptions of all the native ferns with localities ae they grow. Halifax, 1889. LAWSON, ees on. Agrostographia; a treatise on the cultivated grasses and ee plants. : Edinburgh, 1853. —. . 5. Edinburgh, LEIGHTON, Win ALLport. The eee species of angiocarpous lichens elucidated cs their sporidia. London, 1851 LEMAIRE, CHARLES ANTOINE. Essais sur Phistoire et la culture des plantes bulbeuses, vulgairement appelées ognons a flew Paris, 1843. Lemmon, JoHN Gitt. Handbook of West ae. cone-bearers. Ed. 4. Oakland. . How to tell the trees, and forest endowment of rae ae also some ee of forestry with suggestions by seri akland, 1902. ini; “Arten der es petits s. Géttingen, 1885. Leonarp, Grorcia Louise. Emily J. Leonard. ew York, 1889. Lesquereux, Leo. Botanical and p: alaeontological report on the geologi- cal state survey of Arkansas. Philadelphia, 1860. Luncate, Joun Mortrmer. A short synopsis of Hawaiian ferns. n. p. 1873. Lincotn, ALMIRA a Familiar lectures on Botany. Ed. 2 Hart- Ed. 4. Hartford, 18, ——_—. ford, 1831. ; Ed. Hartford, 1836. ——-. Ed. 5. New York, 837. —. Ed. 8 New York, 1839. Ed. 9. New York, 18, Ed. 11 ew York, 1 Ed. York, I a New York, 20. New York, 18 —. New York, .184 Ne New York, Ne York, 1851. ———. Ww el Ne York. 1853. e w York, 1855. New ¢ New York, 1859. t——. New ed. New York, 1864. Ne ed. New York, 1809. Lrypserc, SExTUS OTTO. Hele och Nord Amerikas Hvitmossor ad agna) jamte en inledning om utuecklingen och organbildungen inon mossornas alla tre hatudaranver. Helsingfors, i cs To. Beitrige zur Ana e der Senegawurzel. Regensburg, 1886. eae Joun. A key fo structural, ae and systematic botany, he use of classes. London, 124 —_——. A age a the British oe arranged according to the nat- ural orders. 2. London, ————.. Ed. 3. London, ————. Boianik fiir Damen; oder, ses Einleitung in das Studium des flap ian ae ems der Pflanzenkunde. Bonn, 1838. cho: ae Bee tive spp and vegetable physiology; or, the rudiments ss cal science. New ed. London, 1862. The sy ace ar veg ie an outline - the principles to be observed in the ddineaion of plants. London, Link, Jonann Hetnricw FRrrepricu. ae erkungen aa die natiirlichen Ordnungen der’ Gewdchse. Erste ae va weite Abhandlungen. {Ber- lin, ee —. Florae goettingensis shecimen sistens vegetabilia saxo calcareo Magy "Dissertation 0e! e oe botanicae noone; seu, institutionum bhytographi- UM hares Gottingae, eee C. lavis mmedicinae qe exterior and interior. Holmiae, 1766. —_———. eria medic iber |. de plantis. Holmiae, 1749. Philosophia borate. Vie ennae, oe 1755. - 1764. ——. Reisen durch Westgothland weich auf Befehl phe hochléblichen Stinde des Konigreichs Schweden im Jahr, 1746 angestellt worden. Halle, 1765. ———. Species plantarum. 2 vols. Holmiae, 1753. —_—-. Species Bie Ed. 6. 2 vols. Berolint, 1831-33. Linné, Cart VON. hodus Muscorum illustrate ... proponit Olof Swartz. aah a Te Lioyp, Joun Un, & Lioyp, Curtis Gates. Drugs and medicines of North America. Vol. 2, No. 1-5. Cincinnati, Locx, Rozert Heatu. Rubber and rubber pla iting: Cambridge, 1913. Lomgarp-Dumas, ARMAND. iographies sommaires des botanistes nés dans le Gard et a pie qui ont ecrit sur la flore de ce Departe- ment. Sommiéres, The London catalogue of British plants. Ed. ondon, 1908. sis ie Ciapius. A catologue of all he ae indigenous us, culti- d in, or introduced to Britain. sie c Regs: ean oo — Part 2. The Jussienean arrangen wt, n, [183 upplement to Loudon’s Hortus a ie a to March, 1850 7 Lon . Lounsperry, ALICE. Southern wild flowers and trees. New York, 1903. WE, D JosePH. Beautiful leaved plants. London, 1868. Lussock, JoHN. On buds and stipules. London, 1899. Low, WILLIAM. ¢ reconnaissance of the Black Hills of Dakota made. in the summer of 1874. Washington, 1875. PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN ie nal of The New York Botanical Garden, monthly, containing notes, ws, and non-technical articles. Base a member rs of the Garden. To erallee Io cents a copy; $1.00 a yea: in its twenty-ninth volume. Mycologia, bimonthly, devoted fa fine Hees lichens; $4.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchan ow in its twen- tieth volume. Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompanied by popular descripti igne of flowering g plants; p Bent plates mt each number, 00 thirty-two in each volume. Subseripti ion price, i year. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its thirteenth volu Bulletin of The New York Botanical bali containing reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official ees ents, and technical articles em- bodying results of investigations. Free to al members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its Searetecnie volume. North American Flora. Besecpiion ns of the wale plants ee North Amer- ica, including Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planne to be completed jin 34 Sl aeel oy. 8vo. conte to consist of four or more parts. 58 parts now issued. Sabecapuan price, $1.50 per part;a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange.] Mendoite of The New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, vols. L —-VI, $1. oe per volume; to others, $3. ae Vol. VII, $2.50 to members; to others, Vol. I n Annotated CaeIOENG of the Flora a sensing and the Yel- lowstone Pa rk, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix-+ 492 pp., with detailed map. I. The Influence of Light and ghee upon Growth aus eo . T. MacD 1, gu ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii-+ 138 pp., wi rith 29 W, OF ffect ts of the Rays of Radium on Hleus) A Charles Stuart Gager. viii + 478 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plat es. Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New York: A Gaarebeninn to Plant Bceraphy, By Norman Taylor. ve 683 PP., peas 9 plates. 1915. 1. VI. Papers presented at the Celebration of the Twentieth Anni- Bee, of The New York Botanical Garden. viii-+504 pp., with 43 Vol. VII. Includes New Myxo phyc ceae from Porto Rico, by LX, ° II text- Rives: a Co ntributions irom The New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- t In the twelfth v THE NEW YORK gPsieac eg GARDEN x Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION Some of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden Four hundred acres of beautifully divensined land in the northern hes: of the City of New York, through which sow, Bis Bronx River. An ardens, including a beautiful rose garden, a rock garden of rock- eane plants, and fern and herbaceous gardens Greenhouses, containing thousands of sniceeating plants from America and foreign countries Beds above throughout the year—in the spring, ena and autum of narcissi, daffodils, ea irises, peonies, roses, lilies, w: fe veladiol, dahlias, and chrys nthemums; greenhouse-blooming plants. museum, co ining erp of fossil plants, existing plant families, local plats coun e, within one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the mic uses of pt nts. facilcn comprcing more than one million specimens of Amer- water- in the winter, displays of xploration in differe nt parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central and South America, for the study and collection of the character- istic flora. Scientific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified De of plant life. library of povntey literature, comprising more than 37,000 books a numerous pamphlet: lic eee en a Meena variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the Publicati ws tanical subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and partly of SORT interest. e education oe school children and the public through the above giving of free information on botanical, “horticultural, he Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the City of New York, private benefactions and membership fees. It possesses now nearly two thousand members, and application iy membership are always welcome. The classes of membership Benge single cee $25,000 5,000 Sole atabateteton ie eare te eieke single contribution 1,000 mber for 1 te PD aeslahraucvtsisie Ste tehese single contribution 5 lowship Member .............. nnual fee 100 pains Bean’ oqnoddbabaged annus! fee 25 ahs Tareuieyceacleteistorsicts ual fee ako to the Garden may in eaten from taxable incomes. The following is an approved form of bequest: I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Deke incorporated wnder the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the of All requests for further information shout | be sent to ane ae York Botanical GarDEN X PARK, NEW YORK CIT VOL. XXIX JUNE, 1928 No. 342 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN GLADIOLUS, WILD AND CULTIVATED Forman T. McLean FARMING FOR BOUQUETS ON THE COTE D’AZUR EtHet Anson S. PecKHAM ORNAMENTAL PLANTS OF THE SEA ARSHALL A. Howe PROFESSOR HERBERT M. RICHARDS PUBLIC LECTURES DURING JUNE AND JULY NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Av Limz AND GREEN STREETS, LANCASTER, PA. Tuer Science PRESS PRINTING COMPANY Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Henry W. dE Forest, Presiden A. HARPER Henry DE Forest BALDWIN, Vice President Tose P. HENNESSY F. K. Sturcts, Vice President oLPH LEWISOHN Joun L. Merritt, Treasurer ees K. MAcKENZIE N. L. Brirron, Secretary Barrincton Moore Epwarp D. eee 5 GerorcE S. Brews Lewis RuTHERFURD Morris Nicuoras Mu: aay NADER Frepertc R. NewszoLp HARLES P, H. Hopartr Porter RogBeRT W. DE cOueer Henry H. Ruspy Cuitps Frick oS J. Ryan Wiiu1aM J. Gres RTIMER L. SCHIFF JAMES 7. Watker, Mayor of the City ae New York Watter R. Herrick, President of the Department of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harver, Pu. D., Chairman M. DensLow, 2 ae iDy 1D) CHaRLEs P. BERKEY, Pu. D. Warne Vs ce Nicuoras Murray Butter, Pu. D., Henry H. Ree ae D. IDIE, IDL ier, IBY, GeorcE J. GARDEN STAFF INfe Wes 13a Gmvopy, List ID), Srey IDL) ILS IDs GadncacadcocccbucHs Director-in-Chief MarsHALt A. "Hows, Pu. ID}, SED vi hn Repu ee Assistant Balik! Joun K. Smatt, Pu. D., Seep er eign Head Curator of the A. B. Stout, Px. D. Director of the ee P. A. Rypserc, Px. D. Curator H. A. Greason, Pu. D. Curation RED. J AVER, PH ArtHurR Hotuicx, PH ‘anist Bernarp O. Donce, Px. D Plant Pathologist Percy WILson Associate Curator PALMYRE DE C. Associate Curato oHN HeENDLEY Barnwart, A. M., M. D. ................... ibliographer ARAH H. Hartow, A. M. Librarian I. H. Ruspy, M. Dust Honorary Curator AoE the Economic Collections LIZABETH G. aren norary Curator of Mosses Mary E. Eat Artist OBERT S. Siri Administrative Assistant . J. ALEXANDER Assistant Curator LYDE CHANDLER, A. M. Tec ae CEN NELE R. Boynton, B. S. d Gardener I. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D...... Honorary Custodian of tae Herbarium =, B. SourHwicx, Pu. D. Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds uapspery ‘TaANy apy yo durems ur (rrystzy mnyhydopifoyy) wyed-ajpoon ‘z AANA mE = 157 sight of for nearly a century, notwithstanding the fact that it is 1 Th common in the southern Coastal Plain. e immaculate bracts of the flowering dogwood (Cynoxylum floridum) were empha- sized against the various background T f the pines and the hardwoods. In pres to these there were numer thickets gaily adorn he golden flowers of ellow- jessa eminm es nd the white flowers o blackberries ( S were not t outdone by the woody plants and colonies of yellow-trumpets. (Sarracenia flava) were frequently conspicuous by their yellow trumpet-like leaves and yellow flowers sed at sev ral old eat headquarters ee ged in weaving fancy ba t1 are accustomed to consider good for the health of a tree! headquarters for a day was the reservation of the South Santee Gun Club on the South Suites River four or five ae from : mouth. This reservation contains all m r of natural habita ss aquede to terrestrial, and in addition oe mod fied on rice faa ditches, and embankments. ee exceptional is a ik eat cypress swamp and a heron rook- On its edges vegeta oe and frequently the trail- in pattern associates of these trees were shrubs whose genera were repre- 158 sented by only one species each—red- buckeye aioe Pavia), lata). A bladderwort eee iciorhieds occupied the of the cypress swa: the ees ce ee Penne and withe-rod (Vibur- num). oody c. ree were muc ch in evidence ca dozen Reed a nts—nine natives, among them red-cedar (Sabina), ibe lant of ee needle- ues with the leaves cut off, show- g leaf from the bud at top; is the mal eas 3. Old p ‘mament-ne he m 8 quite necessa: oot makes a ni seeeative method of reproduction, whic! case of this plant, as the following figures illustrate 160 (Salix), birch (Betula), peak ree wild-cherry (Padus), red-maple (4lcer), and t orld exotics, all cae plants, the China-tree ah yee whose wood as formerly much used in cabinet work, the white mulberry (ora alba) and the peach (Awagaalis Persica), both food e peach was more abundantly naturalized there than cuta), which grew on the willows just as it does on the willows along the Gulf Coast of Florida. A : n to our immigrant flora was found at South Santee. e large periwinkle (Vinca major) was naturalized at several localities i pinewoods he pla a native of Europe and ranthus rosea) which is so abundantly naturalized in Florida Afte ight on the South Santee w ve Hampton —a plantation that figured hi lutionary history. There the vegetation differed materially from that along the South Santee. The ground is higher. Shallow ditches ften lined with a fern, ebony-spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron) Old fields were spangled with the starry flowe alse gar- ic os (Xanthoxalis recurva), which was discovered in the Charleston region early in the last century and apparently not collected there Both thes p former by its me winged si the latter by its plume-tailed fruits. Another method of plant ae was much in evidence there were clumps of cedar-trees and groups of live-oaks wth widely 161 spreading branches. Under the periphery of the spread of these oaks nds a circle of small red-cedars which are the progeny of Bs clumps of cedar-trees referred to above whose seeds were me, two, 's and where cattle could not get in among the branches, dense thickets had sprung up mination of several thickets soo ‘wed the reason for their existence. The shrubs, and trees, and everyone a plant with baccate fruits such as are eaten by birds. appened on what we thought might be a botanical “ melt- Two related species of clover with the same habit of night ran down to Florida for a month’s further explorations in the flora and floristics of the peninsula. re two pl ‘y common a qually interesting there- abouts. .The carpet t, a species of Howstonia, related to H. rotundifolia, but with bright-green leaves an te flowers, only me fourth size of that well-known species ot er is an erect bushy plant, an 4deschynomene, a form o A. virginica or a plant introduced from the tropics, but as yet not specifically determined. 162 In the evening | we moved on to Daytona where the “weed- (Saururus cernuus), i erwort ( ria i yriads of pr (Morongia angustata) with myriad heads of still more myriad rose-pu s. Be e reached the higher ground we passed mead decked with colonies of the spotted trumpet-lea: (Sarracema minor) we h conspicuous, not only because e to} like ue of the 2 Whe fields in and out of settlements were often a f color on account of a naturalized annual, Phlox Danse whose an- 163 cestors originally came from a more or less arid region of Texas We descended the western side of the divide at Fort Volusia where we ere our first supply of several hundred oranges from a tree which was bearing since before the Civil War. Id. A Losi e false false aster (Doelli see reticulata) appeared in the pinewoods. i nbrie: Fee the ay and struck i desert on a sand trail ese desert-like sandhills, largely comprising the ala Na tional Fo een ib it r summe were m, ams.t y thousand acre: th - gion had bee ept by fire a year previous as des in a pre- cedi 5 Shortly aft e conflagration, v' utterfly-pea (Bradburya virginiana) and the milk-pea (Galactia regularis) had sprung in astonishing abundance P our observation during the previous summer these 12 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 26: 253-257. 1925. 13 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 2 -32. 19 14 Travels in naa and South Carolina, Care East and West Florida, 113-11 1792. 45 Journal of ie New York Botanical Garden 26: 256. 1925. 164 vines had been replaced by the sensitive-brier (Morongia angus- n thus true to its common name, bore myriads of immaculate eg nted flowers. In trees hee were at least eight kinds of woody vines, which, when its pec fragrant and chocolate-colored flowers Ims, the usual associates, cabbage trees’® ab nd saw-palmetto* (Serenoa) were ann often ee along some o e streams. Occasionally they were a ted by a third kind, the needle-palm or hie: ae: cma nee which is not only unusual in technical character but also in the habit and the color of the foliage. The floristics of the two oe of pine there are striking. pine of the low parts and the meadow-like areas, already se to, is the pond-pine (Pinus a . That of the ridges is the of The New York Botanical Garden 24: 145-158. 1923. wv aioe of The New York Botanical Garden 27: 193-202. 1926. 18 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 24: 105-114. 1923 165 spruce- pine (P. clausa). The pond-pine ascends the base of the Spring. The with boiling limpid water is een: by a fernery and a hammock. At Juniper Spring w ned westward and drove over many succeeding eu lows of sand. The protracted drought had retarded the floral advent of b the day for the Ashei) of uncertain rela - nee is esert annual, or more ,ad rennial, with woody stems and branches and tightly inrolled leaves, th reventing too rapid transpiration of from ssue ortu ly, we met with it in season, and acre after acre of the desert-like sands were blue with my- riads of fl . In e of its color and abundance, the corollas lime-sink region. The swamp of the Okla ale River is a nat- a t entioned on a pre- h one. The abun ds were the needle-palm or blue-palmetto CRhepidopytin iss), which dominated the wamp, lu d stward eb m or dwarf-palmetto”? (Sabal minor) ae pene the nee wamp. The dwarf-palmetto wa: 10 n A and fruit ut the rootstocks of the palm we in flower he , the alan ened tw mutive her one. (the repens) of wide geographic range-—from va Scotian peninsula to the Florida peninsula—and then a ee -root 18 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 121-137. 1921 20 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 161-168. 1922. Ficure 4. The inflorescence of the dioecious needle- palm =starninale above, pistillate below. foe mae are very short-stalked on top of the of the plant and are well protected fron larger animals by the srmament, although cay decessible to flying insects, which are necessary for the accomplishment of pollination. 167 Sehie a whose distribution is confined to north- ern peninsular Florida. The roadsides on the black-jack ie west of the ‘Oklawaha basin were lined on either side with salt- rom its natural saline habitat. Mine gh its fruits are oe -transported, it is too far removed from the coastal parts to Lining th does, leads one to — that ihe fruits were brought there by stock or by very conspicuous shrub stood out in the eae on the dry ridges on account of its peculiar flowers— —the wild-pawpaw (Asi- obovata). The co w. : an important factor in developing Florida that, as the age of sbi 3 sl holds, this pawpaw might well be adopted as the _ 7 morning we drove down to Homosassa. The beauty ea the solitude of the primeval hammock thereabouts was i ssive, f impressive e lower tier oody growth, in ee to shrubbery, is conspicuously Paint ur of palms make s of green—t! llowish-green of the saw-palm erenoa repens), the bright-green of th Aah palmett (Sabal 7 the deep-green of the ae (Sab al Hystrix). On of this palmaceous sea rose the column-like trunks of the magnolia (Magnolia foetida), elm (Ulmus ae dana), the basewood (Tilia), and the oaks stele all clothed with lichens, hepatics, and mosses, and sometimes fringed at the base with the whisp-moss (Psilotum to ao The needle-palm is in a class by itself from several oe ament and its inflorescence are pro t features of dis- up associated broad. leaved shrubs and herbs. This débris gradually turns to humus and persists in the crown for years. The needle- 168 palm is dioecious; that is, the flowers with stamens only or wi pistils only are borne on iaiidn al plants, and the flower- es are so short that oe se ude little, if at all, above the cuaaiads of humus in the cro The palms in this region had not yet co into flower, but we ae fo fruit-clusters of former years nest- ing in the humus in the crowns. The fruit of the year was un- n fig River and followed up Salt River? to its headwaters. In going In going up Salt River the foundations of wet hammocks and of 21 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 26: 265-266. 1925. 169 kitchen-middens were observed. Small rock-reefs supported Ficure 5. A fruiting plant of ve needle-palm, in the Turnbull ham- mock, growing on a mound of humus formed from its own tissues through years of growth. The leaves see some of ae needles removed to show the cue panicle, whose stalk is never long enough to carry the fruit beyond the top of the crown. The fruits | are “arth er prevented from being enanie by the are = th e a ters of vicious needles. Unlike all other palms the fru e hai banks and on islands, often near their village sites. They als made them on rock reefs, convenient to oyster beds and perhaps "hen p ing places and the Indians continued to build them up, at t game time enlarging their girth. Thus, a dozen of the ae “spaig Aq Ajaenonsed pue ‘spurm pu sapr}z Aq ar0y} PetIieo spsas Jo A[treumnaid ynser ay} st BurtaA03 yueyd yuasaid oy, ‘syuejd Aq poyejndodun A[qeqosd sem yt O8e soriny “W399 OM} JNOge 0} dn asn url WoYyAA ‘“SOATeAIIM pure SaayeATq Jo sseut o1nd @ jo pascduos si jy “BurAq] FO spoyjowr 119y} ySnory] soursu0qe epriopy JwoIs1 asouwl ayy Aq Joor x01 ¥ uO dn yg sem ‘snoqeasayy suoppiur uazop & axl ‘sIyT, ‘BPO ‘essesowopzy pus JAN yeyskIQ udaMjoq uoose, sd}emIes B “ANY WLS Ul UAapprumaysy y ‘9 MUNDI] a I7I shell islands in Salt River had their origin. These islands vary These Salt River middens form a group of islands quite unique rae rise eit t of the water often with steep, sometimes alm ae sides. It is gray or w. hite surface a Salt River so oe s we ascended Crystal River, a rt reeze wafted the fragrance of the sweet-bay (Magnolia virginiana), bull-ba oetida), saffron-pl oe angustifolia) abn we tervening country had little to offer in the way pate numerous owers. In the pinelands and blackjack a two plants were 172 ubiquitous, and their presence was due to their storage roots— the tread-softly (Cnidoscolus en and the green-eyes — eg humilis). In cleared lands these were augmented drought-resisting eis nee er (Commelina ssi) re ridges about Inverness were enlivene t colonies of the southern beard- e (Pentstemon en showing numerous mage rollas streaked wi avender and with a yellow beard. 5S Inverness, along ake Tsala Apopka, the floor of the oak woods, st part colorles ometimes enlivened by patches o dog- clusters of stars from the head of a bursting rocket, diminutive, of cour The i n grottoes were visited for the purpose of getting iffere well repres: owev' esti -nettle Bs earaeke Wade and the eee nettle habeas floridana). rid are a kinds referred to in the Deering reservation. It will 2 For notes on the ferns of these grottoes see Journal of The New Gon Bola Garden 21: 34-38. 1920. 173 interesting to compare the flowers and the fruits of the two ey flower and fruit in cultivatio: Thence on to Brooksville. The country eee lay far to the east of a botanically unknown ae of the western coast of : . : ; ; jg fo. wagon wheels; sweet-bay (J/agnolia virginiana) for furniture; nd red-gum oe oie a) is converted into “Cir- cassian walnut’ ” for gut Hill, the reservation o and Mrs oO ins, wh Mr ins is developing an extensive botanical garden y introducing plants of more northern and m tithe: € gions into arious parts the reservation suited to their rowth, e great variety in erosion and of exposure furnishes habitats for the growing of plants whose natural distribution ends far from that latitude. The center of t, so to spe the highest hill in Florida—said to hree hundred and sixty-nine feet above t a. From the top, where the Robins’ use and observatory are located, there is a view in a complete circle, wi u wenty-five o a miles. Several aged live-oak trees are the most conspicuous vege- table occupants of the top of the hill. The long slopes are occu- 23 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 26: 267-269. 1925. 174 pied by both hammock and pinewoods. The latter were almost The hammocks on the western side, oe where ae break were in bloom. A southern New cies tea (Ceanothus ss medius), a iow seeane shrub, bi merous clusters of small white flowers; the Florida ae “Philos floridana) was a stiff i fl plant with cory: of acai relatives—Ruellia and Dicieate ae in the height of their flowering season. A sedge—(Carex dasycarpa)—was in both P devote plant of the hammocks Was the wild was the Virginia knotweed (Tovara virginica), which had not heretofore been pe south of eshte lorida. We visit ted a limestone cave of Brooksville. The en- trance is a st oe eee long. At the bottom is deep flowing water, which probably finds its way out into the Homosassa Ri to} Chassahowitzka r. The hillside ou uthwar z Lea es small lake in a crater-like depression forme . Th mock-like growth of colonies of saw-palmetto (Serenoa), arrow- wood (Viburnum obovatum), and lead-plant (Amorpha with its numerous finger-like bluish-purple spikes bespangled with myriad golden dust nes ) 175 Late in the afternoon we drove down to Brooksville and thence over the hills of the southern extension of the middle Florida hammock belt to Dade City. The partly dried-up lakes were iaropus). Co leaves of the gopher-apple (Geobalanus incanus). Abo m- moc! e a n pale-lave occasioned by the color with white corollas of the myriad flowers of the beard-tongue (Pentstemon multiflorus), while in the hammocks, wil bloom, bined the sweet-bay and the great- magnolia, fill the air with fragrance. The oak-ridges had two immacul -—in the higher parts the tread-softly On renee - md a copious anh of the tropical pee m dan e: (Coreopsis ea), ao ame “Potyn Rugeli), and yellow-butterflies (Chapmannia floridana However, the two more interesting localities about the lake were the lowest and wettest depression and the highest and dryest elevat' In recent geologic times the lake stood, evi- dently, at a higher level. Upon falling and consequently reced- ing f ormer margins, it left deposits of humus or peat in former depressions of the bottom. The one in question is now 176 a sphagnum bog with a spongy floor of ca ine and hum t bo branches were often ewan elongated and str ne Not les. than five genera of the eae were present, and all w in both flower and fruit. ee were ee he we he ly-pear plentiful and often covered with masses of nae yellow flowers, owered, c (Tradescantia longifolia), with Giana tufted stems and Tose- e obovata ose numerous creamy flowers with floppy petals In spite of the drought, many plants on the dune-tops were r. The spru an (Tillandsia recurvata). An Adam’s-needle (Yucca filamentosa) and a bear grass (Nolina Balmain), both of the same plant 177 mily, had sent up their annual flower stems which were then pense by large stiff plumes of white flowers. The afternoon was devoted to achieving the eastern coast, La tion in evid o cause delay in our progress n several of the hills we were f en o find large patches of our new fringe-tree (Chionanihus pygmaea) in bloom he bushes were about a Ia re iads g pin (Asclepiadora Feayi) with its peculiar flowers appeared here and there. On approaching the hammock of Little eos Creek we found hat vandals had burned off one end of the bridge. This fts sult ee Cai r many miles of this monotonous 24 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 26: 145-151. 1925. 178 outlook, flashes of purple—large beds of wampee (Pontederia) int I along the hammock of Istokpoga Creek—burst into vi t creek” a so as igantic growth of ruvian evening-primrose (Jussiaea peruviana), with stems clambering up into the trees to a height of fifteen or twent, he Okeechobee prairie—a different looking region—althoug: separated from Istokpoga prairie only by termediate Kissimmee R sin, was a va wer gar ome kinds e colonized, so to ak r example the large thistle, with purple paint brushes and t! r h their purple stars often occupied areas by themselves, the latter often ing a vast sea of color. Other herbs, many different Hnnrssy F. K. Srurcrs, Vice Preside potpn Lewisoun oun L, Merrit, Treasurer Kenneri K. pepe a N. L. Brrrron, Secretary Barron Moo EDWARD clad F GrorGre S. Brew eae RUTRERFURD Morris NICHOLAS Ree cee Freverre R. I EWHOLD SHArLES P. Berkry 1, Honarr Porrer ROBERT W. de eee Henry HH. ae Syrips Frier Groree inbiapaire Gir: Mort IMER 1 ‘Somat mes J. Warxer, Mayor of the Shi ak, ue hy Herriex, President of the ser nb of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS A. Harrrr, Pu. D. Chairman i. M. Denstow, A. M,, D. D. eh P. Berkey, Pu. D, Wit a m J. Gins, Pu iby ee AS Ee Bovine Par Ds; apt YW. aon an uM. dD, HPL, Grorce J. Ry GARDEN STAFF Ni L. Bartron, Pa, D,, Se. D), LL. Di visivese swear ns Director-in-Chief MarsnHary A. Hows, Pu, i Dy Se. Dio nihyo savant Thon ssistant Director Joun K. SMALL, nk Dye SCuD isan Head Curator of the Museums A. B. Strout, Px. Director of the Laboratories P. A. Ryppera, a ID), Curator H. A. Gieason, Pu. D. Curator Frep. J. Seaver, Pu. D. Curator ARTHUR Toutrcx, Pu. D. Paleobo Hah Bernarp O. apes, J Pu. La pag eben Plant Pathologi. Forman T. McLran, M. I*., Pu. D. ......+ Supervisor ahs I -ublic Eee ci mercy WILSON Associate Curator Pacmyre pe C. Mireur ssociate Curato: Joun Henpiny BARMeh AS ML, Day a ia srant biatch ni aOR Bibliographer Saran H. Harrow, A. M. Librarian . H. Rusny, M. Dent Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections Euzasern G. Brevron Honorary Curator of Mosses y E. Eaton rlis Ropert S, WiLLtAMs pie PesiH 2 Assistant a. J. ALEXANDER Assistant Curator Avaren iC. Sice, Ay By Winsienacavat hierar Miata peatane Curator LyDE Cuanpimr, A, Technical Assistant Kennurn R, Boynton, B.S Head Gardener H. M. Denstow, airy t ska tt Custodian o Local Hl Terbarium E. B. Sourmwick, Bin Ds rete wih Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds eee Anson S. Puexan. THonorary aya Tris and Narcissus Collections n R. Brinve E. Landscape Engineer pea iS; Guonsic i Clerk and Accountant Arruor J. Corn Sul tendent of Buildings and Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden Voi. XXIX Aucust, 1928 No. 344 BOTANICAL FIELDS, HISTORIC AND PREHISTORIC To CaPE SABLE (Continued from page 179) We made a short excursion into the Cape Sable region. A six ht lodge. On or near the top of this rim, which is only a few years irds o uS- Birds are especially fond of some ta poison- wood is very attractive to many. We jae seventeen kinds — ae in a poison-wood tree in the space of tw S ae are the wind- disttibuted plants. These were scattered 186 over the rock rim and in the roadway itself. More ie ent s o tw e nd the manner - the Victoria, and the white flowers are up to ten inches broad. The surfaces of ponds st small lakes, several acres in extent, are often completely covered with this giant pond-liliy Next in diminishing order came the water-distributed plants. In seasons of high water in the Everglades, time and tide, so to speak, being just right, the more or less corky seeds of the coco- plum bee pellocarpus) and the buttonbush (Cephalan- thus occidentalis) floating on the surface, lodged in the crevices of the rock rim, and later took root. Various heights of the water at different times were indicated by the tiers of shrubs of different sizes 187 Thus we see that any land above the high-water level of this Everglade i is ond populated with woody vegetation— mock! Taking this phenomenon into account and incipient S Pp. assuming th t this land wa: a geologically speaking, mu igher,? it is interesting to imagin a sert prairie, with isolate oc) e-clad islands, to have bee It h the water-level was Seas rising in i as the kinds observed, yellow predominated—w. fee heliotrope (Helio- i nd piriquita (Piriguita dltresees. s we milk- e scle pias lanceol ata) and the rose-purple eau (Limodorum Simpsonii ceeded south cnwavd the water-table rose as the land ell. much of the old wood and foliage into tinder. wn gt marshes and hammocks of the Lossman River limestone area we ¢ u criminal — fire to the dried vegetation. started fires f dozen places and soon the whole region was ablaze The fire ae ‘al day and night, and no telling how uch longer.? hed the area inhab: the saw- cabbage palm (Paurotis IV righttt), we found young palms spring- hese, evidently, e from seeds Ww dropped there mainly by the crows, who are particularly fond of the juicy bright-colored fruits of this palm. 1Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 203. I92t. 2 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 39. 1921. 188 £ the coastal loner of Flamingo the numerous m. ; th 0 ie the latter with small white flowers and stinging foliage similar to that of a nettle. e royal- palms (Roystonea) on the nearby Indian mounds ing into flower, as were also the colonies of saw-cabbage al (Paurotis) in the swamp near them and in the aboriginal canal. A Visit To AN ABORIGINAL RUIN After leaving the remains of nated di activities at the Cape, ing in the wild emess east companied by L. H. Toussaint and H. P. Sands. gala (Xyris), and heliotrope (Heliotropium). Cane-s cig usually wet, was perfectly dry. The depressions, usually ponds, were 189 miniature forests of sand-weed Gein fasciculatum), so- called because it is said to indicate a hard s ottom over which one may d ca: in wet eae A tall grass, com- mon-reed (Phragmites), marke slough even if there no sign of w his land is somewhat higher than Hungry Land, which lies to the south of it etween the slough and the ferry two interesting plants appeared in gre ity: the an albi id, the s-pink (Limodorum Simpsonir), e wa mocks, pineland, and prairies were aiaiae The two former 0 three immig: wormsee' onbrasiie), gray-mallow (rene lobata), and guava (Psidium Guajav Back to ae south side of the Canal again we took to the ser- pentine trail.and started for our goal. e were in a region hwest of an will change to remains to be seen. The present plant-covering will readjust itself in some way. 3 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 205-206. 1921. 190 We were now in a country that centuries ago was a favorite rendezvous. of the aborigines, as we will see on a succeeding the oned camps can be identified by the remains of -fire e Indian always makes his fire by placi several logs radially or like the spokes in a wheel with the fire , so to x. In addition wild pu vines were often growing about the Indian camping places, having sprung up from seeds of the so-called Seminole pum: s and decreased in elevation and the water-table rose, the pine trees increased in size t ers becar ore numerous until it was often possible to count nearly two aoren kinds in sight at one tim mong them may be mentione Heliotropium Leavenworthti Polygala cymosa Piriquita glabrescens Aletris lutea Dracocephalum denticulatum Soupae campanulata Cirsium Smallit grandiflora galinis fasciculata Helianthella ves Polygala lutea udbeckia idan ms Rugelit Helenium vernale 7 Carteri Lobelia paludosa However, the doom of this region is sealed, for a large lumber e of wild-pines (Tillandsiae)—all o d tenaciously to th trunks through the agency of Ae oe bark. In the case of the miniature cypress trees the ai nts were often nearly or ite as large, in bulk, as the trees themselves. ere were also miniatur k fo - ot or tw , on the middle ground, composed of a curious little oak--Quercus minima—with under- ground running stems. The upright branch e oak trees i ms. es in this case, bear narrow entire leaves below and broad holly-like bove 4See Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 24: 193-247. 1923. 191, After innumerable turns and twists in the trail, our destina- saw-grass as it is called, meets the hi 1 This ruin is of sai ts structure is as foll The vi ound twenty-five or thirty feet high, with the long axi standing east and west he western exposure slopes abruptly in special rules for the women, or, in ‘ s sauce for the goose was by no means sauce for the gander. That this was a place of ee is further cinphest zed by the existence of a circular mound in the “saw-grass” several hundred feet from the higher land and seer of the large structure. This mound have been used as a beacon, with some signal by day and a 51t is recorded that they (the Calusas) seem to have practiced human sacrifice of cap ae upon a wholesale oe scalped and dismembered their slain enemies, have repeatedly been accused of being cannibals. Handbook of pane Indians 1: 195. IQII. 192 aut yry jo apis ayy wozy ‘punour ayy’ pue sylomyyies ‘ayy Inq ‘orjaped-mes jo yimos3 ayy “IO} AMO] 00} Sb ]2A3] Teinjeu ayy ‘sased Butkueduiosse uo paqiiosap aanjonsys se[nFuelsa1 ay} Jo SyIOMY}IVS ay} JO auO BuOle Bul -yOOT ‘eplloy” ‘asaqoyoaayNQ eye] JO Isea Sapelsiaaq ay] JO odpa ay} uo ulns [eursoge ue jo yieq 'g aUNOL = : 5 = = ee RSF 193 fire by see to Bn the place of meeting, which is not visible lo from the “‘s; Of course, permanent trails would locate it from emeseats in the higher regions, but where - grass” was s , as it is about he year, an obj sight from a distance by those coming from settlements on the eastern s f£ Lake Okeechobee woul a necessity ere were settlements on the narrow sand ridges along the eastern shore the lake, we know both from the remains and nando de Escalente Fontaneda, who was a captive among the In- dians for seventeen years, records that— “They are masters of a large district of country, as far a town they call Guacata, on the Lake of Mayaimi (Okeechobee) which is called Mayaimi because it is very large. On the mar- palmetto were standard foods of the aborigi Upo: he ferry in oe our course, we westward and owed a trail to the shore of Lake Okeechobee, where the Saint Lucie Canal meets the lal low | or t itch. nm this, t! pione men were dog-fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium) and ee -bush (Baccharis Femakteee), with here and there remains of buried willow heads trying to start life anew. Our COQl Ul 9494} pryersiu Buraey Uorsas JOA uerpuy taddn oy1 jo $19]19s peulBi10 oy] Jo auo ‘ueurs[oD “y sImaT jo eur st panoul ay} uo andy ayy, ‘punout ]ering & Jou st jE 107 ‘adueJZOduE JOULUL Jo sdeysad ‘ammjoniys [eMowssas e& Ayjuapiaa SeM ‘2m3y Buipaoaid 9y} ul 0} padtajer sinjonsys sepsuejoas Splopy ‘ayplasnyry, yO yVq punour [eurmioqy “6 MINN }I ‘punour siy} ynoge syioMyYlsiea OU are a1ey} YZnoyILYy ay} ‘ISIMAssoOId ‘So[PpeI]S sty} 0} IepwWIs punou y - 195 visit to the lake shore was particularly interesting as it was one of the points where we landed on our Pe cruise® in pias in eastern . The flow was the scarlet-sage (Salvia ena The remains of the h mock comprised besides the dominant tree, #.<., the cypress: red- e h (Fraxin inia ang- ling-fig (Ficus aurea), and the cabbage-tre abal a. i m times. The massi hi about the bases of the tunks, a ow both the auiphibious habit of ight : e “sa e. Everglade-area pales the lake , With its sbretts hammock e a about a foot above the surface of the ground. Thus it was dent that the water often stood a foot deep for ected periods. The sun set as we recrossed Cane Slough and it was quite dark when we erat e eastern coast ® Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 15: 69-70. 1914. 196 “yooureYy ay} Jo wor} -epunoy pues JY} O] UMOP poauing us9q sey snuINy 94} diay saa] ssasdAd jo wiajsAS-jOOI ay} Suowe yystadn yyem ued duo ‘AULT aIOYs 94} JO Youq yoowurey eaauusd ayy up ‘ayxey ay) wlosy saaeM ay] Aq posdsaooun uaaq sey Jed & A[UO IOZ taddn ay} Jo Jay Imo} ynoge YUM VBaqoys.adqxQO dye] JO aroys usajsea ay} uO dar} ssaidA9-pjeq [Tews YW ‘Or TAIT pe OR NS F 197 The following forenoon was devoted to Jupiter Island on our d to s and trees. n $ there, the natal-grass (Tricholaena rosea) and the oats (dvena sativa). The former will doubtless persist, while the latter will soon die out. The southern part of the island was our next objective. The oad runs close to the barrier ridge, which is unusually hig’ mangroves. (Commelina), the dune-verbena (Verbena), and the sunflower fei aa eagoke frequently among the greenery or on the are white e the coasting party referred to above was 198 shipwrecked at night during a storm. At daybreak, the leader re hat, h one negro to view the land, and seek the most ry disma ving no covered with shrubby palmettos, the stalks of w ich wer prickly, that there was no walking among them.” The island looks the same today.’ There is a a eadeital group he island and here and there a spontaneous Australian-pine (Casu- arina) rises above the scrubby hammock growth whi e wind weather keeps down t or feet in height. The ind of , a legume, coral-bean (Erythrina herbacea) was emphasized against the whi d by its deep-green foliage and umes of scarlet wee rs. It was able to survive the general destruction on accoun its large storage ro he more or les: extensive marshes, ae naturally filled in ee ° e lagoons, viewed f the hi Wi ten vast seas of the si u erm elder (Sambucus Simpsonti) or the wild-papaya (Carica FROM COAST TO COAST The lower west coast was our next objective. We turned west- land and “scrub” we entered the great drainage basin, twenty- dd mile - ich, apparently, separates the fe) e Okeechobee-Everglades basin toward the sout d the Saint ohn’s basin to the nor ere we crossed, it has long been known as the Halpa okies: Swamp, which, translated into English, For further descriptive matter and a view see Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 27: 196. 199 uuld be Alligator Swamp. The yellow- as Caan opium Leavew it), discovered there in ar times, was still widely distributed. n the aor aa one the raina: in first mentioned from that of the Kissimmee River, long-leaf pines, but these were the first brooms we had observed on a short-leaf kind. We crossed the Okeechobee prairie to Fort Bassinger on the y the ground. The plants were in both flower and frui ° esti as a low usely branched buckthorn (Bu- melia reclinata) with myriads of white flowers. g the i nd smaller leaves than our other species € across the Ki ry hose broad marshes there were pla ; numerous sky-blue lakes fill the depressions. These sand-ridges are floristically more or less desert. This condition is often emphasized by an abun- 200 of Adam’s-needle (Fa ucca filamentosa), bear-grass (Nolina d 1 along the oe oe of the stems, and also pei of colorless fl ower. e ae interesting one was a native storax (Styrax ne dalle Its starry baie flowers are very fragrant. Small large herbs were abundant in the wet hammock in flower. In great that the leaflets were rolled into so many quills. An old 201 drainage ditch was without water, but the water-table was near enough to the bottom of the ditch to furnish some moisture for the the crab’ s-eve (Abrus Airis copiously naturalized. The plants were in both flower and fru Our next move was t ee or rather to achieve, Fort Myers, which is about twenty ne distant as the crow flies, but by the 8 This shrub was nam Cha Deering, whos ry Siabled the writer to explore Florida more thored tly ta an had i done previously, pete eae ene and en in 1924 (Bull. Tor- rey Club 54: 390). An acco of its disco and a description was published in 1926 Gao: Il: 33-34, pl. eat : Syme y ye oyds @ sMoOYs JlasUT OYJ, ‘“UorZar afqeg adey oY} UT St wWees]g J[NT) ay} FO OpTs sTyI so1dads sty} IOF AW[EDOT 194)0 A[UO yj, ‘syooururey MOT FO JOOY 9Y) UO PazernUN..e sey sMUUMY Jo Jake] Yor) B 9IIYM ,, Puno ,, oy} UO sMOIB seujouios yf YySnoyyye wWyjAydida Ayensn pue ueld snumy e stay “AjuNOD soo) “PowweEp wyeg-jeAoy ul—epr AOL] Ul aatjeu venosadag JO saioads aay ay} JO ysaS1e] aYyI—(oYyofisnzgo Mimosadag) soddad-ppim YW “11 Fano . e ate i . - 203 made green lines, circles, and various figures on the white sand, according to the shapes left, where the water last stood before on to ape Romano Hee n route, we made another attempt—this time successful enetrate the Royal-Palm hammock. We drove through the hammock on the Tamiami Trail, parked the ep ] hammock of Dade Cou: ae Their environment is different. “The A plant may have six to ten -like roots one to two feet long and at the flowering season a wiry flower stalk an i or t 1 is bears a large white flower, and later a capsule like a short vanilla-b The roots function as leaves, for they are green with chlorophyll. They are flattened and su faces cling tenaciously to the h ther especially interest- ing epiphyte in the hammock was the small West , g wild-pepper (Peperomia obtusifolia). It was a perfect match in habit and structure to the one growing in the hammocks of the 204 Cape Sable region, and its discovery in this royal-palm hammock a the second known locality for the species this side of the Stream, a result of 0 a e osa?) and one of ea rarer arrowheads (Sagittaria pete tt) were in bloom in the lower parts under the trees. Certain conditions sometimes make strange plants bed-fellows. na permanently wet place in the hammock the red-maple (Acer hele and the red-mangrove (Rhizophora Mangle) grew to- ee loose sand of the embankment of the Tamiami Trail the rman nme ten deniedtun, the showy-morning-glory (Ipo- moea sagittata), and a dozen others sAburched in the almost pure gion. On the old trail to Marco we were struck with the difference hi acres in extent—occupies a kind of broad swale between the sand- hills at the southern end of Caxambas Island. Here is the settle- 205 ment of Caxambas. It is interesting to note how the white-man r n towns an $ en produced little of interest, except a cover (Boerhaavia coccinea) with myriads of little purple flowers and wild-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with large flowers, white in the morning ink in the afternoon Caxambas midden is more interesting, both as to its con- tents and its floristics. It must have been the scene of wonderful activities in ancient times. Besides the shells of a oyster and h T the clam, the conch enters largely into its structu e num- ber of these shells is prodigious, and eac e was punctured in the sa for the purpose of loving the 1 for eating a vi ound. It m Hosp another bit si evidence that the Coastal Plain is rete sinking. Various stone implements are found in this midden imported, the and s midden and the aeestsile was i ee ae the long drought faa rendered them a desert, as far as herbaceous vegetation was ern The lime eee the disintegrating shells, the humus from past vege- tation, the slowly decomposing bones, and the charcoal seem to rnish i 9 Journal of New York Botanical Garden 23: 142-144. 1922. 24: 227-229, 19 206 and other trees lay prostrate—a result of the digging away of the shell-mass. One tree among those fallen and those still hee was the coral-bean (Erythrina arborea) This woody plant grows as a vine, a shrub, and a tree. On these shell-middens it occurred as a tree and a shrub ee It grew just as the Jamaica- saa eee aio does on the southern front of Big Pine Key. a unks, six to ten together, arose from the a “The bark, ae was smooth and green, just as in the dogwoo Circumstances combined to defeat our plans to visit the Facka- small atamosco-lily (Atamosco Simpsonii) similar to the one we discovered in the Cane Slough east of Lake Okeechobee a week ae From Fort Myers we drove up the Caloosahatchee almost to Take Hicpochee. Just east of the bridge at La Belle stands an e! is. Our a eae ve was “ihe In dian ruin near a settlement called i “Large orme earthworks lie in about the ane as the one on the £L fo) ae slightly and an aboriginal canal is said on good authority, 10 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 24: 220. 1923. 207 to come up between these banks from Lake Flirt. This old waterway is partially navigable in flood seasons. Thus, as in the nd f the mou ast of Lake eee this one could be approached afoot or by canoe, accordin son and the direction the pilgrims may have e ata ut the mound has been among th more than tract. ardens, including a beautiful rose Barden a rock garden of rock- lonke ties and fern and herbaceous garden Greenhouses, conetne thousands of eee plants from America and foreign countri ee shows ditouetiont the year—in the spring, summer, and autumn s of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, water aoe seiediolil dahlias, and chrysanthemums; in the winter, displays greenhouse- be ng plants. Am patadine snibite io fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants occhinting within one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the nomic uses of nia 5 a. ah foreig ration in different parts of the United States, the West Indies, Centra ae South Aimenes, for the study and collection of the character- istic Scienti: ifc research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library o aa bovanial literature, comprising more than 37,000 books and numerous pamphlet Public ber ga On a pret variety of botanical topics, continuing throughout the y Fubliee ons on ‘botanical subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and An he rhavium, compricine more than one million specimens of Amer- species partly of popular, inter he education of scho “i children and the public through the abov featuses and th ng of free information on botanical, porticultirel and for subjects S The (Cae is dependent upon an annual appropriation by the ity York, private benefactions and mae tship f possesses now ne h d members, and applications for aS are always welcome. The classes af membership are: Boneioc Member for 1 Li ual fee Cian a ine Garden aa ina eS from taxable incomes. The following is an approved form of bequest: I hereby pegwcer? to The New York Botanical Garden incorporated wnder the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the swum of ————— All ee for further information should be sent to THE gee York BotanicaL GARDEN RONX PARK, NEW YORK CITY VOL. XXIX SEPTEMBER, 1928 No. 345 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN NATURALIZING BULBS Eruet Anson S. PecKHAM BOTANICAL FIELDS, HISTORIC ae Rae (Continued) Joun K. Su. JAPANESE AND SIBERIAN IRISES Georce M. REED LIST OF GLADIOLUS See AT THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL ARDEN, ees eee T. McLean VISIT OF A (agape STUDENT OF WILLOWS P.p MitcHELL NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At Lmre AND GREEN SrReets, LANCASTER, Pa. THe Science Press Printine Company Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Annual subscription $1.00 Single copies 10 cents Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Henry W. ve Forest, President A. Har Henry DE Forest BALDWIN, Vice President Tose Pp. feaesen F. K. Sturets, Vice Presiden DOLPH LEWISOHN Joun L. Merri_t, Treasurer Badal K. MACKENZIE pulls Buttons ae ary BASRINETN Moore Epwarp D. A ue GeorceE S. Baws ath Lewis Rursenron, Mowe Nicuoras Murray Butler Frepertc R. News0 Cuartes P. BERKEY H. Hosant Pomme Rogpert W. DE Forest Henry H Curtps F GerorcE J. RyA WiL11AM J. Ges Mortimrre L. ‘Sone James J. Watxer, Mayor of the City of Neu Yor Watter R. Herrick, President of the Department of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Hareer, Pu. D., Chairman H. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D. CHARLES P. BERKEY, Pu. Wim J. Gites, Pu. D. Nicuotas Murray Butter, ‘Pu. iD), Henry H. Russy, M. D. ILI, JD), iim, 1D), GeorcE J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF INARI Somnopep leosty ID Sey IDS ILIERND),! Sagacae6o4q00acndca Director-in-Chief MarsHALL oe ‘Hows, Pu. 1D), SoD: ioe ee ear Assistant Director Joun K. L, Px. , Sc. D Moligap cranes Head Curator of the Museums \. B. Saya OPE D. Director of the Laboratories P. A. Rypperc, Px. D. J. A. Gueason, Pu. D. Curator RED. J. SEAVER, Pu. D. Curator \RTHUR Hottick, Pu. D. ee San is Bernarp O. Donce, Px. D. t Pathologist Forman T. McLzan, M. AB, PEEL IS) tea ea Supervisor oie abl Eguvanon Percy WILson ciate Cwralen PaLMyYRE DE C. MITCHELL pee Curato een HENDLEY, BARNHART AG MicoM: Dan yee en eictaiiene ee re Bi “aiingvonhee u H. Hartow, A. M. Lia rian L ac Russy, M. Dike Honorary Curator Hy the Economic Col ons LIZABETH G. BriTIon Honorary Curator of pee ARY E. Eaton rtist ROBERT S. WILLIAMS A ‘ant S. EXANDER tor \LBERT C. Smit, A. B. Assistant Curator CiypeE CHANoptER, A. M. 1 Assistant KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. ead Gardener . M. Denstow, A. M., D. D...... Honorary Custoaiy of Local Herbarium E. BY SourHwick, PH. Disease Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds ETHEL Anson S. PeckHam. H. onorary Curator, Iris and Narcissus Collections ouN R. Brintey, C. E. Landscape Engineer ALTER S. GROESBECK Clerk and Accountant ARTHUR J. CorBETT Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden VoL. XXIX SEPTEMBER, 1928 No. 345 NATURALIZING BULBS ing the Nineteenth Century a formal type of anaes scomtails spoken of nowad as “bedding out,” became the ashion. With the f th exception of shrubbery, cel was anything but permanent. Quantities of plants were propagated d successions of were made, giving, often, a gorgeous effect, th iods of transformation were ugly and unpleas- ant besides being expensive and needing a great deal of thought. win, the ost superhuman efforts of Mr. William Robin- ation. We wish, to eff plan our “grouping to ee it, in the flower-border or in the meadow. The principles of “naturalizing’” are: good design; logical choice of material; color effect oe is not only beautiful, but is arresting ; convenience. a qualities needed for success are dis- driving through the country-side when i long it in trains, keep eyes open it will be noted that wild-flow- = i aaa and, while a certain aa eee oe oO o a & Pp = ie aS ee ® = = ° Qo oO wn ¢ bal rh Pp a oO , e meadow, ot be given over to vn ae variety. There will be “ fare ” of Sie plants 217 218 interspersed, perhaps to bloom later and so carry on the flowery eason. Another Fic 5 ee naturalized on edge of lawn, Langthwaite, New ees eo Color may b varieties chosen to erie - desired color combinations. Not 219 only will this plan be a help at the time of planting, but it will be valuable to refer to later when identifying varieties. Masses are needed and spottiness is to be avoided like sin, so do not mix.-the bulbs peace nd and never purchase mixed bulbs. A number of kinds d ene drifts blend into one another color effects almost anything will be successful if one aes to blend and put Ficure 2. Narcissi naturalized at Knollwood Farm, Port Chester, N. Y., 1928. : medium tones between dead whites and strong blues, reds, pur d t ay t ples, and yellows. Blue and mauve tend to disappear i the landscape and lend distance, whereas yellow jumps forwar en re Ss as compared with yellow, and purplish- cee vi oes awa recede almost'as rapidly as do blues. ackground is essential for all good plantings, so, if there is none originally, try to put some in 220 ulbs are especially good for pulling the edges of woods, rock- gardens, and shrubberies down to lawns and meadows hen introducing a new plant to an association already on the n re tl “naturalize” you will plant in a so, if the oo turns ut a failure the loss will be hea Fic Narcissus ee with N. Leedstt ere New York eats Garden, May, 1928. us plants are very ee subjects a natural pela ed » locations under trees with spring sunshine, for edges of lawns, for lawns under trees, for corners in the country, such as en- trances of fields or stable-lanes and for many other patches of 221 ground too often but a neglected opportunity. The most im- portant thing to keep in mind is that the grass or other herbage must not be cut until the foliage of your bulbs has ripened, le: fodils or Snowdrops as t pu , for in thei make-up are bundles of prickly crystals that give animals indiges- Hence all bulbs belonging to the ord llideae are excellent for naturalizing. I am s sav that mice dote upo the bulbs the disagreeable effect to rodents lasts a couple of years, giving the bulbs a chance to get a good sta Bulbs that may be used for this type of planting 2 are Narcissi, bifolia, Chionodoxas, Snowdrops, Spring Snowflakes lo well erns ai folia: 4 ges o planted with Crocuses, using preferably species and not the huge 222 grass does not do well and Autumn Crocuses must be placed are dangerous plants to have where animals are apt to graze as they say the beasts are poisoned. Certainly, a great quantity would not be very digestible and so the woods would be the best plac When starting a planting, bulbs may be scattered and put in always give a clumsily ugly and unnatural effect. a humpy masse plantings. These last come in large and small sizes and, if one is willing to go slowly about naturalizing, it i thin the rea f anyone with land to plant and £9 satisfying are the results, that it would be well if more hee us “went wild. ene S. PeckHaAm. 223 BOTANICAL FIELDS, HISTORIC AND PREHISTORIC (Continued from page 209) Ow Key Larco Before starting on the final trip up the coast, the “Barbee” re- cently rebuilt above the water line, was taken on a trial trip to Key Largo. While going down Bay Biscayne we par urae ice floating ater- plants washed down from the interior of the Sta’ w. lettuce (Pistia), a water-hyacinth (Purop), a pee dock (Nymphaea), water-lily (Castalia), and floa = hea: (Nymphoides). These plants, of course, ontr tribu te an in- We landed for a short time near the nee end of Key Largo, where a strong breeze drove the lapping waves against the rocky honeycombed shore line, thus eating awa: coral limestone me cally and chemically. white line here @ indicated places where the rock, undermined, h roken away and fallen into the water. Thus enti the area of t e and indirectly their flora is red The pacnua trees about an old settlement were a Saute Jamaica-dogwo (Ichthyomethia) and an introduced orchid-tree (Bahn) with beautiful butterfly-like flow Night took us in the alge Early in the morning we found our way through Lake » the northern half ee the island through fifteen miles of largely primeval hammock. Spring was already well under way and some shrubs and trees were still in flower. The very conspicuous inflorescences were those of two palms—the thatch (Thrinax parviflora) and the cabbage (Sabal "Palmetio). The great sire bette eget ghia Sy Wg a d9 a bee Sade} YIOI SIT, °$90}}013 pue suoYes sULIOJ pue IysEejUey saumjauros st yt 'oidy uMOYS SB UdAS Plle YOOUIS SB skemye jou st Bp styy Buoje Sayrut [eteaas A0yF Bulinjdjnos aqL “yy aq} jo eseq 3qt ye Buimydpnos DABIUOS au} ur sss aq Aeur Aeq ay} JO S9ACM ][EUIS BY} JO WOIjIe 9yI FO Y[NSaZ VYT, “BUOJsIUM] ITP[QO JO [TEM Sty? 3J2] YMeJ Y “EPLOLy ‘guxeosig Aeg uo ynge shay oapepsioaq ayy asayM ‘soapy yBIY sAoqe Mou ‘AUIT B1OUS JIWAO; YW ZI AINSI 7 7 = = ee ? ~, ‘ - Fa 224 225 lumes of myriads of white flowers often gave the eon were not realized, but we still suspect that it is hidden some- (Psilotum nudum) which generally grows at the bases or on the toots of trees was here twenty or twenty-five feet up on old tree-trunks. The wild-papaya (Carica Papaya s almost uni- T es, one woody. er herbaceous, with almost indefinitely elongate stems and branches climbed up into tl rees. TT! ne—Hippocratea volubilis—had clusters of small white flowers, while the herbaceous one, wild r vin lucida). The trees were laden with clusters a the r shrubs and trees a very individual and decorative effect. Cacti we Sub DT APE cee ge eye aey Bue eos ONL [peg PU YU yest, sUULvED anit Wed} WaIxXS We Yons oF I duTUNTapUN UaIZO Pue YDOI ay} aanydjnos aseo siy) UT aI0 Lado dy] Jo SOARM IIT, ‘SapH HPP FO YOROr UGA []HS SI YTS ay} JO oo} ayy o19zT “eplioyy ‘puejsy sondnf{ uo eumboy yo doimo uy “£1 mA : mae — i = 5 7 = ——_ ot = eee RIS 227 Te not wanting, for near the shore the prickly- pear (Opuntia is € Curiously enough, on the circular Pumpkin Key which a ] n northwestern sector of the THE EASTERN Coas On our homeward journey, advantage the course up the Florida coast was taken to do further field work. We crossed 0: i ‘h € : indigo Gulf Stream was eee marked off at the horizon by and gently sloping, with patches of Spanish-bayonet (Yucca), : ch. hills few miles and then a kind of barrier ridge close to the lagoon— Saint Lucie Sound—begins and extends northward, sometimes 12 Sanford, Topography and Geology of Southern Florida, Florida State a Survey, Second Annual et 177-231. 1908-09. 228 swinging away from the lagoon, sometimes low and extended, but usually with scrub, indefinitely. The floristics of parts of this i ike t e greal of Hobe Sound ridge, like thai dunes obe So and there- abouts is compose he same kind of plants as that of the dunes or sandhills of the lake region. This ridge has been one of the greatest orange regions known hese inland and coastal minia- two d are or g! natural, ae associations are pineland and scrub. Where the aborigines have buil middens d temporary or permanent settlements we m- ock fact hammock tends to b et f vegetation wh er the natural s of egion been disturbed, co) erever the Indian cleared the land, the original pl association seldom if ever repeated itself so, on up the i p coast, the succession of hammocks is not nee ly due to nature, ane es the Boner itself, but to nature with the help aborigines who red the soil— se sites and kitchen- i edule re to bint: oad mammals who sowed the seeds ‘s often the principal sources of honey. e black-mangrove yields 13 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 23: 152. 1922. 14 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 27: 195. 1926. 229 a pale-honey, the sea-grape one of medium shade, and the palmetto gives a dark honey. Of course the honey ae e flowers of the citrus trees—mostly orange and grape-fruit—is often mixed with th the native kinds o abundant is the ‘ ant is supply fro m the native plants mentioned above that single apiaries ney ear, ioay the way two classes of naturalized plants were observed from time to time. The one class may be represented by the frican bowstring-hemp (Sansevieria) and the sensitive plant (Mimosa ica) ; these, dependent m pon creeping st for their propagatio: local it eir distribution. the universal and ubiquitous. rum o = o 2 &. =n @ ta w oO + a i=} = = S ° ef 4 ry dvent on the island. We se- cured a small motor boat at Tropic and set out for the coquina. 15 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 26: 268. 1925. 36 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 19: 4-5. 230 Coincident with our start a “blow” came up and the waves of the Indian River soon soaked However, we pushed south- wa rounde i mar which extends some distance from shore just under water. 17 ot being willing to have our plans wholly defeated, we re- ane to an old dock a mile or more from the tip of the island a e botanists are to give proper credit as ative t e prominent members of our floristics! The leadwort (Plumbago scandens) is another cas int.” e woody th of the coquina forms a diminutive forest he trees are stunted from complete exposure to the cons winds and lack of abundant nourish: ec patie heed kinds of shrubs and trees, represe arly a mting ni era e the tropical kinds that also Thee the rere me notes on this coquina formation and its vegetation see : oS » 1927. 18 Synoptical Flora of erica 21: 331. 1897. 19 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 21: 35. 1920. 20 Synoptical Flora of North America 21: 231 of the region, only not as numerous in kinds. Many of the trees were in bloom. Particularly interesting were two kinds of blol (Torrubia), one with large leaves and one with very small ones— a quarter of an inch broad. We await the ae of the fruits ticularly the raccoon, with bundance of foo f ing morning we went into the Tur nbull hammock above Titusville for further studies in the needle-palm (Rhapi- dophyllum Hystrix.+ Fortunately the plants were in flower and d photographs of the inflorescences of both sexes and of the fruits persistent from the pre oe Rie e with old fruits were not flowering this y ondition leads us to suspect that the certain plants Cae aay ee e rs, or even a frequently, as we have found plants with t 1 ° ery. Ho wil te ae a ched to the spadix and clustered under the ex- traneous material just as were the flowers. The fruits may be 21 More than a hundred specimens of this palm were transplanted from this hammock to the Deering reservation at Buena Vista: Spuesnoy} astiduios Ajaaryaa][oo—s] [ays Jo Spury jayjo pue ‘ures ‘1a3sXo yo suopprumuay II, TeUIOF SIT, “UrlstI0 ueuny Ajoind jyo—uoneusog oa180fo98 yuave1 AIaA Swoasaides amsy yuasaid ayy “9u990}SI9[q 9Y} JO sucTyeULIOZ Pemoys soimsy Surpaooid omy ayy, ‘eproyg ‘jaquy oynbsow 30 you saunp-pues [esos ayy ug ‘Pi asunoLT = = < =a — . a : ¥ 233 found a year old with the hairy outer coat still on, or they may rs old with the outer coat rotted off. At this age or been much reduced in area and in height by the county road- making operations. e crossed the lagoon at Coronada just below the Mosquito 0 eppe grass (Lepidi um aaa beggar’s-ticks (Bidens pilosa), ), and cudweed (Gnaphalium hun This lately opened trail is a women drive. The first few miles of its course lie through a great primeval hammock along the lagoon, in which live-oaks Cake virginiana) and cab- bage-trees (Sabal Palmetto) are the prominent plants. The great 22 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 28: 40. 1927. 234 live-oaks are usually gnarled or twisted with low or high hor zontal branches. These are regular hanging gardens eee en wi i sma hi ilt up a monument which in historic times has become a very interesting od fie und, the earliest- mentioned and most celebrated of view. I e trail to Coronada and New Smyrna, and thence to Daytona, where our field work came to an end ny herbarium specimens of plants of special uae oe museum specimens were rought back to the Gar Mor 23 Journa : of The New York Botanical Garden 28: 927. 24 For iled notes on this mound, see Journal of a New York Botanical ee 24: 198-204. 1923. 235 han twelve hundred specimens of living plants, representing several dozen kinds of Laie interest, were taken to the Deer- vat: t a for g and s of these, particularly the palms, will anes be aes i ae Garden for the conservatory collections. Joun K. Sma. JAPANESE AND SIBERIAN IRISES+ The Bearded Irises are the great popular group of these well- hu known garden plants. ere are many hundred varieties of Bearded Iris in existence, including the dwarf forms which bloom in April, followed by the intermediates in May and finally by the tall bearded ones, which re their im In addition to these commo: n varieties, there are several unusual species of Oncocyclus, Regelia, and rel f h belong to the bearded grou are about forty species of na. e Beardless Irises may be separated into two large groups, the bulbous and the rhizomatous. The former includes such well-known forms as the Spanish and English varieties. A few f these are familiar as cut flowers in the Pp the late inter and early spring. ee be grown as outdoor plants by treating them in the ips. The bulbs should eatin: way tuli e planted in the fall a oe a next season extent, varieties will persist from year to year, buts as a general rule, in Northeastern United States they soon die out. The Beardless Iris group with thizom es includes sixty to rge is nen by about twenty species. From the standpoint of 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, June 2, 1928. 236 cultivation in | the ae there are three principal groups of these Beardle the and Spurian. & at a un A =] Pp | & f 8 8 is: w n oo oO icf is} 5 are easily grown from seed and excellent new types may be se- red in this way "The Japanese This thrive under a variety of conditions. They do well in a good garden soil, especially if they get abundant moisture in the spring and early summer. They are well suited for the edge of the pond or i brook, provided they are not planted too close to ae water. The rhi izomes should not t be covered with water during the winter espec e varieties vary considerably in he eight, ‘but well- iui specimens are usually over four feet. The flowers also v size, depending upon the conditions under which they are grown. 237 They are usually not less than six inches in diameter and fre- quently ten to twelve, In Japan, ate oe a as those at goat are de- voted to the anese Iris. In such gardens large masses of d elevated walks among the plants so chat one can look down upon owers There is another species of Tris CI. laevigata) which has often Th cs ee are I. sibirica from Europe and Russia a T orien- talis, found in the ee t part of As e former species grows about three feet tall, with a flower stem extending we he nar: e Several small flowers are borne ni developed. They v re n the size of the flowers, the mber of the flowers, relative 1 the flower stalk d e leaves. The c i ually some ne of blue to blue- purple, but a few white varieties are There er of other species ee closely related to hav ss and as a result a considerable number hybrid or of garden form e been developed. The Spurian ce are for the most part natives of the Medi- them are aaa ith long erect leaves. ped somewhat like the Spanish Iris. ey They bloom after The terranean region. The . are sha seem to thrive best in rather moist situations. the Bearer, Iris and just before the Japanese varieties. 238 Goldband Iris (J. aibed: is an unusually good plant for the waterside, growing to a height of at least four feet and hav- ing white flowers eae ene center to the falls. A number of other species of Beardless Iris have a great gar- den value. The common Yellow Flag of Europe (J. Pseuda- Coast of the United States. It is also ae for the water's edge, but thrives well in the ordinary g In the Southern Mississippi Valley ea valuable species lo 2 and Dorothy K. Williamson ae resu he Pacific Coast is also rich in distinct species. While many abl eardless Irises afford a wide r of uses in the garden as compared with the Bearded. the a are a to a very wide kk garden; others are successful in ordinary garden conditions, eile several species are valuable for the water’s edge. Georce M. Reep. 239 LIST OF GLADIOLUS GROWN AT THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, 1928* From Kennepy GarDEeNs, MIpLAND, MICHIGAN Albania, ai Diener, Robert L. Kunderd, Ming Toy, Mona Lisa, Gold, Pythia, Violet Glory, Jenny Lind, Shell Pink, Mary i ee E n Lape nea Master Viola, Michel Yovanowich, Captaine Grognot, Koveti, Soleil d’Or, Picoti Picota, Modoc, Louis Thiebaud, Mrs. G. Hamon, Frou Sunset View Giap GarDENS, STONEHAM, MASSACHUSETTS Albania, Jewel, Sheila, Crimson Glow, Marnia, Twilight pie RockKLepGeE GarRDENS, LEXINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS Eberius, igi eee Alice Tiplady, Rose Ash, ee Pickford, Mrs. F. C. , Henry C. Goehl, Scarlet Wonder. From Hunt’s GarDENS Herada, Rose Ash. om A. E. Kunperp, GosHen, Inprana Dr. Van as Kilima, Neutrality, Bumble Bee, Arcturus, Virginia Hale. Passi Geo. D. Stitt, Hupson, MassacHUSETTS Klondike, oe Niagara, Empress of India, Mildred Pett- man, Souveni *Arranged in order of planting, determined in part by color. 240 From E, N. FiscHer, SHARON, MASSACHUSETTS Sunnymede, Henry C. Goehl, Ethelyn, John Alden, Mrs. F. C. Peters, Miss T. Ros From ALBert C. PERRIN, PorTLAND, OREGON Iwa, Diener’s White, Mistland Lassie. From StaNitey Tuorre, Mepway, MaSsaACHUSETTS Rosenel, Dorritt, Marietta. mM TRIANGLE FarMs, CIRCLEVILLE, OHIO Rosemary, Starbright. E. M. Sanrorp, Mapison, WISCONSIN Seedling No. 15, Jack London, Giant Nymph, Water Nymph. From Ratpeu J. Rooney, PorTLaNnp, OREGON Seedling No. 28, Coral, West Virginia. From W. E. Ciark, SHARON, MassACHUSETTS Mrs, W. E. Clark, Dr. R. T. Jackson, Primadonna, Draco- cephalus. RosELAND GARDENS, Boston, MassacHUSETTS MIXED From C. W. Brown, ASHLAND, MASSACHUSETTS Melba, Carnival. From SUNNYSIDE GLADIOLUS GARDENS, NaTICK, MASSACHUSETTS Maurice Fuld, Tiffany, Alma Gluck From SoutHwortH Bros., BEVERLY, MassacHUSETTS MIxepD From Dr. F. T. McLean, New York Botanica GARDEN . Hunt, Delphi, ae Kid, Purple Glory, Princeps, Pfitzer’s Triumph, Dr. F. E. Bennett, Fire Ribbon, Goliath, RT. grom, Sentinel, Crimson Glow, Mrs. Francis King, Helen Wills, 241 Old Dark Gandavensis, Helen Franklin, eee Early Snow- flake, Elora, White Pendleton, Kirchoff’s n Henry C. Goehl, Lucette. rs othin, Marshal h, Mission Bells, Topaz, San José, ee Pride of Lancaster, Orange Prince, Ada de Poy, Kiva, Giant Nymph, Richard Diener, Nectarine, Nancy ks, Baby 7. Unique, Papilio, Sunnymede, Remembrance, Loreley, Orange Queen, Mabel Irving, Salbach Prim, Mona Li Girl, Joerg’s Yellow Pri lora, olde: asure, Gertrude Ederle, Golden Princess, Mrs. Olmstead, Lemon King, Starlight, Sulphur w, Pride of oshen, Roanoke, Mrs. url ohn Alden, Soleil d’Or, Norma Talmadge, Golden Chon, ¥ an Sion, Fern Kyle, Yellow Hammer, Tobersun, Golden Se Claremont, La Couronne, 242 Schwaben, Golden Gate, Primrose Beauty, Anne Thompson, Gold Eagle, Genesee, Yellow Treasure, Mary Pickford, Henry 20 p 3 os) go > a og a a + fp ce FS) 3 cS) 4 nr wn i= 3 Qu 2 Q 5 st ¢ q ~ fa man, Adeline Kent, P. C. Hooft, Mrs. Dr. Norton, Barly Sancise: Fordhook Pink, Mrs. Newell Vanderbilt, Geo. J. Joerg, Miss Christine Treuer, Adeline Patti, Eliz. Tabor, Pink Wonder. rlene, Arizona, Gaiety, Panama, Mrs. J. K. Armsby, Wilbrink, rly One. From A. E. KunperpD, GosHEN, INDIANA . E. Kunderd, Paramount, Pauline Kunderd, Dr. Christ Martz, Golden Frills, Tiger, Romance, Purple Queen, Sweet Rose, Watermelon, Highland Laddie, J. Horace McFarland, Kunderd’s Yellow Favorite, Cardinal Prince, Athene. au Geo. S. Brrcn, VINELAND, NEw Jer: Leon eas eine Tabor, dine Toy, c Richard ieee Alban From F. oO McLean, a YorK BoTANIcaL . Pari Beat Mrs Norton, Mystic i ai Rae sae Dawn, Estella, ae ine meee 243 man, Trojana, Tyco Zang, Glory of Kennemmerland, Tubergeni Glow, Myra, Hugo Grotius, Princess, Freda, Crinkles, Long- ce Early Laddie, American Beauty, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Theda, s. Frank Pendlet UNDERD, GoSHEN, INDIANA Dr. Nelson Shook, Purple Glory, Ed Sprenger, Virginia Hale, Royal Purple, Rose. WILp SPECIES diolus dracocephalus, Gans e apilio, Gladiolus Saun- dersti, Gladiolus Garnieri, Gladiolus Leichtlinii, Gladiolus psit- tacinus Cooperi, Gladiolus Melleri, Gladiolus Masoniorum, Gladi- olus ae ulinus, Gladiolus sp. from Mt. Salida, Gladiolus US. can number of varieties is ease aa 450. Forman T. McLean. VISIT OF A DISTINGUISHED STUDENT OF WILLOWS The well-known Salix-expert Cees Dr. Sven Johan Enander, Rector of Lillherrdal P , Province of Jamtland, Sweden; visited the Garden ae oe of Tine a July. He examine: r Salix collections and made valuable annotations His major botanical interest is in the willows of ands his Studies of Salices of the Linnaean iia e re- . fro und, weden, in 191 18, and “the ies on Medal of the H. M. King Christian X of Denmark, whose yacht happened to be in those waters at the time. Landing eventually in Reykjavik, 244 Iceland, Dr. Enander changed his plans perforce and decided to make an impromptu collecting- i in North America, which he carried out successfully. Starting from New York, where he visited the Garden in the vastly ea guise of shipwrecked botanist-minister-explorer, he continued his journey across the ine ific esent visit to the Garden was made while on a two- i M. m and Constantinople. From there he will gradually make his wa’ a ic) is} wn o + son, a delicate pale lilac variety, and Vivid, a bright rose- Shed, are two important varieties. Phlox ovata, also listed as Carolina, is native in dry locations ork to from New Missouri. The plants grow to a height of 6 inches $s or mats he leaves are small and stiff. The flowers are light lilac pink or white and so cover the whole plant t is a mass of bloom. The species requires a well-drained : 8 soil and open sunny location. It is valuable for rock-garden and border plantin Phlox diana: also listed as P. divaricata canadensis or m rt of t Sweet Willa lox, is native to the eastern pa e United States h t grows to a height of 18 inches. The flowers are blue or pinkish bl aphamii is the only named variety of importance. A good rich clay loam is ideal soil for Phlox divari- cata. Phlox reptans or P stolonifera is useful when creeping forms he ¥ in grows in dense mats and produces flower stems 1-114 inches in 251 height, the leaves being linear and sessile. Pink, purple, and ite forms are available. SUMMER-FLOWERING Hysrips n this group we have three distinct sections: the Arendsii, the suffruticosa, and the paniculata hybrids. The ndsii were originated by George Arends, of Ronsdorf, e a hasan Ca are listed by Bailey as horticultural forms of the species P. glaberima. Miss Lingard is the best- y and En other important varieties. Each of these varieties is sold under of have a faint lilac. ig colon: t. Hornby is the most ene grower of the three and i also e but with a prominent prea most putes group of phi he exac pareniate of the rac clearly established. We know that Lemoine of France oe os of Germany are paneer for many of our : ish 1 als duced fine varicties) In America, Dreer, of Philadelphia; Rea, of Norwood, Mass.; G. N. pee of Wellesley, Mass.; W. : Schmeiske, of Bingham on, N. Y.; Willis E. Fryer, of Faribau Minn., and D. M. Andrews, of Boulder. Colorado, have all ate 252 duced varieties. The present seedlings from these introducers are admirable advances over the old varieties. The paniculata hybrids flower during August and September and should be planted in a sunny location but will do well in x wi w in most any soil but careful culture is necessary for satisfactory re- ing habit and a third general type. Some varieties bloom but once each season, produce immense heads of flowers and are very showy as specimen plants or in groups for mass effect. The sec- moderate to vigorous growers and are well adapted to mass aie when a long season of bloom is required. They start 0 bloom as ges as the other varieties and continue to bloom till ae 2 Cor .N., & McConnell, P, A. The Phlox Plant Bug. Bull. 292, Univ. of ey S 1927. 253 Phlox vary in height from 12 to 48 inches. The average height of plants at Cornell is twenty-four to thirty inches according to the season. There are several color types of phlox. These are ae upon the color of three different areas in the floret. e pri Frcure 1, Phlox “ Europa,” in The New York Botanical Garden, July 31, 1928. mary or fundamental ee is usually derived from the outer area of the petal, which is termed the petal area. The color effect of a is a a 1. nl ete to the tube of the floret. The third area lies between the eye an petal area. It is approximately 1/8 to a quarter inch wide. The 254 following types drawn up by Prof. C. L. gs are primarily ased on the relati oh oi these three color areas: Self- colored T. Type—Florets of one color; “ft second color enters io) an unt ot to be conspicuou. me HE ite with ee i white with a cee defined eye, ually of a deep s iT hite ih dark eye ne slight suffusion—Florets white with an eve usually of a deeper shade suffusing slightly into the sur- rounding on te. Ficurk 2. White Phlox, “Mrs. Jenkins,” in The New York Botanical Garden, July 31, 1928. White with dark eye and heavy suffusion—Florets white with an eep shade, suffusing heavily and widely into the frou g white. Eye o sharply defined. Light-eyved Type—-Florets of one color with a center, more or less sharply defined, of a lighter color or of white. 255 Halo Type—Florets of one color with an eye or center of varying ize, and more or less sharply defined of another color. The oe or center surrounded by a halo of a lighter color or of w Self ii i: Type—Florets of one color, not white, with an eye enter of varying size, more or less sharply defined, of another color. ne eee of one color, overlaid or suffused with nother or other colors. Hie ctanebud Tntlaces those forms not provided for in other The (ae of the floret, whether round or star, together with ory. The eae is a brief list of ae some old and some Be introduct: s. Je atte a ome of medium height, the florets aes ae a in shape and the hea she to rounded. - ous i oa anting. We es 0 h us but is distinct and desirable. The color is of D, florets and forms a dense —- head. The stems and calyx s teeth are distinctly purp zabeth Campbell is more distinctly salmon-pink and lighter in an than Rhinelander. It is an old and standard variety of halo type, florets cir eoiiae declined, and the head pyramidal. Wellesley, a recent variety introduced by G. N. Smith, is an im- 256 provement on Elizabeth Campbell, differing in height and color type, for it is of the light-eyed type and the florets are sharply declined with u ntonin Merde: Danton, Widar, Edmond Rostand, Fellbacher in simi to cia e., light-ey: d type. These varieties range from Ficure 3. Light rose-pink Phlox, “ Milly van Hoboken,” in The New York Botanical Garden, July 30, 1928. Edmond Rostand. Fellbacher Porcelain, and Eugene ciel oan are the lightest members of this color series. In all the central part of the floret is white. Mrs. Ethel eee is a large-flowered self-colored variety similar in color to the ab varieties. Selma, Mrs. Milly van Hoboken, Special French, Gladstone, and Mrs. J. Jones form a series of tall-flowering light rose pink a, all of which are desirable. 257 Cameron is outstanding as a light pink, really a rose pink, but appearing by comparison to be a true light pink without a salmon hue e variety is low growing and forms dense oval heads of lance round flat florets of suffused type. R. P. Se introduced by Rea of Norwood, Mass., is a oo pink with a salmon hue. Other varieties of similar growth i £ the group. It forms ma: sive heads o aerate ed round flat but typically waved florets, massive as those of R. P. Struthers, Rhinelander, and Gladstone, etc. Leo Sc chlager i isa deeper red than Saladin and produces a show sc florets are round and c ie and the head pyramidal. All t ing in type of panicle and form of floret. The eye is lighter and mallow-purple in color. nder the classification of continuous flowering phlox, W. F. Schmeiske’s introductions, Mrs. Warren Harding and Mrs. Liv- 258 Mrs. Harding ston Farrand, are two outstanding varieties. h ; al ant are very attractive. In addition they are vigorous ee RE 4. Salmon-pink Phlox, “ Elizabeth Campbell,” in The New Sor TBeraical Garden, July 31, 1928. growers, little troubled by spider or mildew. The plants grow es tall, the color type is ie ares Of ee same color type is La Vogu d Jules Sandeau. La Vogue is a dwarf bu 2-18 inches in height, the florets circular-cupped aN ae mallow to amaranth- 259 pink, but small in size, 34-1 inch in diameter. Jules Sandeau is a the same variety, is pure white and of extremely good lasting quality, large i it! y over 10-14 arr: Eclaireur grows from 24 to 36 inches and Diana never exceeds We have not discussed all of the good Gi varieties and no doubt should ey visit the gardens and make your own selection it might be vastly different. The above meen appear to grow elstasieniy eee usually arouse the interest of visitors. Saladin or example has been the object of a ja sae of comment. Arrep M. S. PripHam. CornELL UNIVERSITY, ‘A, N.Y. THE WILD FLOWERS OF SOUTH AFRICA here is one thing more than another that is truly charac- teristic of South Africa it is her flora. Other countries have their flowers in England an ope vied with one another in cultivat- ing rare and lovely plants from the Cape, exquisite heaths, glowing ger: ms, a. g proteas, stately al array of bulbs, produ ers of every form and hue. Some of the ape flora: Andrews, Jacquin, and many others dedicated 260 years of their lives and infinite patience and skill to recording the beauties of our flowers in volumes which are the treasures of libraries and the joy of collectors. These old artists ae botan- ists have gone from us, but the flowers remain, far more beauti- ful than even the best of their pic tu world. reat numbers of newly discovered plants have bee brought int cltivaton prima enogad: adrons innumerable alpines, orchids, lilies, and i d into Europe and America fronival over a e world, and the most Pg corners of the earth have been ransacked for noveltie the astonishing gl i, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, dahlias, and delphiniums of to- In the profusion of flowers, specially selected for their hardiness under em- per ons, their brilliance of colorin ies Rue and simplicity of culture, the old treasures fon ica have been largely forgotten. ha en on new es es like the garden gladioli and pelargoniums, the p t: hy- bridization of ancestors now 1 or neglected: others, like th heaths roteas, have almost disappeared from cultivation be- B outh Africa has not ceased to mak mtribution to rde world. Even within the last f des, three outstanding horticultural sensations have been cause the wers O Nemesias, wild r Darling, only fifty miles from e Town, which in Suttons’ hands ha e on m the Falls and elsewhere, which has furnished the essential characters of the most delicately beautiful race of garden giadiol i yet seen. And it is safe to prophesy that there will be more “new things out of Africa” before lon 261 ¢ floral wealth of South Africa cannot a judged aie d e ot, ho} are bound to pay our tribute of admiration 6 our wild flowers m) ee our wild flowers are eee the world over. Take color purity of the Heaths or the oe Shapley of the Petes? 202 And not only are our flowers inet as He ee but som hi e ae ae grasslands of the odest bi ican sun, — it is there that you will find the fairest flowers in all the i ComPToN. NationaL Botanic GARDENS, Kyirstenposcu, CAPE THE HUNNEWELL ESTATE In conjunction with a recent visit to the Arnold Arboretum, I i, inspect ing one of the fin for even more striking here is the i I believe it would be of interest to record my impressions of this demesne. Not least ea the ee acquaintances which I made was that of the man who has been responsible this estate in eee altural cire oe He is Mr. d, perintendent, an Englishman by birth, who proudly designates 263 himself as a Kew man by training, and an arrival in this country forty-four years a ay aching in age the three-quarter- century mark, he at first fails to betray his intimate acquaintance it But show him an interest in his trees and a little plants. Bu ae of them and he becomes a most affable mine of information I was most fortunate in meeting this gentleman on the grounds and after preliminary introductions I stated that at the time I was interested primarily in conifers, whereupon he proceeded to conduct me a ane My interest was first attracted by the magnificent Norwa ower Vv d hol wo cases good-sized young spruce trees have recently been ents. This subject of layering induced Mr. Hatfield to lead me under the broad canopy-like foliage of a handsome Weeping Beech. Several independent main trunks a foot and more in diameter 0: e i h : It represents another case of layering that is quite striking, for the small parent branch is seen entering the side of its offspring, which has become ten times as thick. 264 It would hardly be thought necessary to add fertilizer beneath avy group of hemlocks where the natural accumulation of e Yews of course have their place here, too, and one particular plant of no mean dimensions has been raised from seed found o on tion occurred from certain adjacent Japanese for: The re- sulting plant cae ar is regarded as Taxus eas a hybrid, which has shown good features. The main entrance into the grounds as it passes through a short w ey section is flanked by what, without having exam- ined them carefully, I should say are Japanese Yews. Elsewhere stands a more prosaic array of di oa upright pyramidal Irish Yews mixed with another form of some other nationality which I fail to recall. At still oe He Mr t. Hatfield prides him- self u a yew hedge which he trims occasionally and the clip- pings oe ene he says, the nurserymen are always anxious to get for cuttin; Close by sta ey some topiary work of Arbor Vitae well shaped and excellently trimmed. However finely executed such work may be, its severity is always shocking to a admires 8 beauty and I most concur with Mr. Hatfield in regarding it as less desirable re naturally grown hedges or specimen ants One of the pee bits of information wholly new to me ne which I gained from my erudite conductor was prompted by my side have begun to drop o oe accompanied, however, iy a gumosis was occurring on a 265 lue Spruce at my home and I wondered if the cause in bot: w pee This relation, he claimed, might occur in any ee Another acted of grafting caused me to mistake a Japanese ai it. ry col uld i in the middle of a wider base. The stoc! k, I believe, of the matured scion. mmon occurrence ol usually c small dimensions is here represented by a twenty-foot tree. I odd form of the Japanese Hinoki Cypress known as the Fern ae cease Japan are also oe unipers I saw only a few, including the well-known Pfitzer’s Chinese Junipers and two or three forms of the Creep- ing Juniper. 266 These incomplete and cursory notes cannot possibly do justice to this wonderful private collection of trees. I was unab h so fortunate as to enjoy Mr. Hatfield’s guidance I was anxious to see and hear as much as possible. Epmunp H. Futtine. JOSEPH EDWARD KIRKWOOD Dr. eph Edward Kirkwood, Professor of Botany in the Jos University of Montana, died suddenly on August 19) s7th year, while engaged in research at the Waiversity Biclogical on University, Columbia University, a e New Yo Botanical Garden, receiving the degree from Princeto: in 1902 and that D. from Columbia in 1903. His doctorate thesis on “‘ The Comparative Embryology of the Cucurbitaceae ” was published in Volume 3 of the ei a The New York Botanical Garden. From 1901 to 1907, he was, meee instr’ eae assistant aaa and cee of botany in oe cuse University. From 1907 to 1909, Dr. Kirkwood was asso- ciated vn the Gaetan Rubber a in studying the availability of the guayule shrub as a source of rub- ber, spending one year at Torreon, Mexico, and the next at the the Northern Rockies,” and “ Forest Di tabudons in the Northern Rocky Mountains.” His tiierared articles of a semi-popular 267 nature include “Desert seme in Zacatecas” in The re te ence Monthly (Vol. , “A Mexican Hacienda” in T in 24 Operation with ; York Botanical Garden, he published an elaborate paper entitled “Chemical Studies e Cocoanut with some S$ 0: e changes during Germination.” Professor Kirkwood left an un- published work, which Professor ry has recently (Science, II, 68: 2 28) described as “ m ental,’ ion. Professor Kirkwood was a man of imposing physique, com- manding personality, and Pane character. His untimely passing is lamented by his numerous friends. MarsHaty A. Howe. BEQUEST OF THE BURGESS COLLECTION OF ASTERS The will of Professor Edward S. Burgess, who died at Yon- kers, New York, on February 23rd, 1928, admitted to probate by the Surrogate of Westchester County on March 14th, contains the following provision: “Trem 6. My herbarium of Aster specimens, so far now stored in my residence, I give to The New York ee ical Gardens to supplement ‘those which I have already given there.” The specimens were received from Mrs. Burgess on June 7th, and at a meeting of the pili Directors held June 9th the fol- lowing minute was authorize 268 The collection of herbarium specimens of North Amer- e co) a lea: ned “History of Pre-Clusian ou in its relation oirs rof den since 1906, and he d a Scientific Director during 1912 and 1913, while Pea of ae Torrey Botanical Club. The specimens supplementing those already given by him will be deposited in the herbarium of the aan n appreciative record of his life and w as been written by Dr. Howe for publication in Bulletin of i ee Botanical Club. N. L. Britton, Secretary. PUBLIC LECTURES DURING OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER The a illustrated lectures of The New York Botanical Gar- den during October and November are given in the Museum Building, a at 4 P.M. Doors are opened at 4:15 to ad- mit late-comers. The program follows: October 6. “ Diatoms, Microscopic aa r, Marshall A. Howe. October 13. ‘‘ Autumn Coloration,” Dr. - B. Stout. October 20. “Plants that Are Ades in Fruit,’ r. Kenneth Boynton. October 27. “South American Wild Life,” r. Leo E. Miller. November 3. “ History of Landscape Gardening,” of. H. Findlay. 269 November 10. “ Philippine Life,” Dr. Forman T. McLean. November 17. “ Some ne ac aenS between Botany and ology, Dr. Arthur Holliek. November 24. “ Java and. thé Javanese ae . A. Gleason. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT A rty of European entomologists, who came to America to of the Garden staff. The following letter, expressing appre tion of attentions, was eng sent to the Director-in- Chief by an official of the part: pe of the party of European ee ania’ and an Your kindness in furnishing guidance tr ortation through your magnificent Gardens was ve: y appre- sae Rees u en ae e shall carry to Europe not only t ple ry o A en oe selves but also n accompanying item, othe following botanists : Dr. Lewis E. Wehme ss.; Prof. Alex. W. Evans, Yale University; Prof. H. H. Whetzel, Ithaca, N. Y.; Prof. Howard J. Banker, i f. Hein, “State College, Pa.; Dr. John M. Pa.; _ Dz Sherbakof, Knoxville, Tenn. ; Mis Hie Charis, S. C.; Prof. A. S. Hitchcock and De “Edgar T. Wherry, Washington, Ae Ge Miss Louise Sudbury, Muncie, Ind.; Prof Charles Piper Smith, San José, Cal.; Prof. Carl Ep- 270 a Los aa Cal.; Prof. A. H. Reginald Buller, Winnipeg, ; Mr. cCa Ilan, Bermuda; Prof. Cristobal M. Hicken, Bue , Arg.; Dr. G. Dufrency, Paris, France; Rev. SJ. Brander, cai Sweden, and Prof. Tyezatuite Tanaka, Taiwan, Jap A general impression in the region of the New York City that uu the past summer an unusually wet one does not seem to be confirmed, at least so far years 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1928 are — by a comparison of the precipitation figures for s r tanical ie The figures are as follows 1925 1926 1927 1928 June ........ 2.93 inches 2.54 3.42 6.33 July 2.2.0... 7:89 6.19 9-75 5.46 August .... 1.94 6.52 9.97 3.66 12.76 inches 15.25 23.14 15.45 How , summer showers are often very local, as is shown by a toned “tainfall of 9.75 inches at the Botanical Garden in July, 1927, while the Central Park Station, eight or nine miles away, only 5.45 in , total precipitation has no direct relation to the number of days on which rain fell or to the general humidity and cloudiness. Dr. Forman T. McLean, Supervisor of Public Education, at- Glad- Indiana, made a fine exhibit of his Gladiolus arranged in a for- mal group across one oad of the hall. This was easily oe most artistic part of the exhibit. In the corresponding position at the other end of the large Armory Building, Vaughan’s Seed Store had a very attractive trade exhibit with a semi-circular bank of Gladiolus flowers of the varieties introduced by Vaughan, serving 271 as the central part of the exhibit. This was grouped around a wooden pergola. On one side of this central exhibit was a group posite side wa milar arrangement of a |. b he commercial varieties of the trade. The seedlings included a goodly number of handsome yellow and blue lings he g Gladiolus than for spectacular spikes of extremely great size. Perhaps the highest quality of flowers was shown by Vaughan’s exhibit and by P. J. Pentecost’s table featuring the variety, W. H. Phipps. Few of these had less than 10 open blooms and they made a wonderful sh As of ae summer meeting of the American Phyto- eadbieseal noe considerable enueiber of membe eS of a organization visited The New Yor noon of August 21. oe who left = i agate on the visitors’ register included H. W. Anderson, Urbana, Ill.; Nor- man Armstrong, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; OE E. Boyd, Thonasvile Ga.; C. O. Bratley, Miami, Florida; H. C. Bucha, Yonkers, N. Y.; Lucia McCulloch, Washington, D. C.; E. E. ae River- head, L. I.; W. A. Cubbin, Harrisburg, Pa.; Irene Dobroscky, Yonkers, N. Y.; eis T. ey Ithaca, N. Y.; Alberto J. Hace. Washington, D. C.; F. O. Holmes, : 7 O. Kunkel, Yonkers, N Leining, Wooster,Ohio; T. F. Manns, Newark, ‘ Hamilton Mar- tin, Washington, D. C.; A. cCallum, Ottawa, Can.; Orton, Yonkers, N. Y.; D. P. Perry, Haddon Heights, N. J.; Be H. Rankin, Geneva, N. Y.; F. . ca nee ee Carl A. Schwarze, Woodhaven, ,N.Y.; H. Tisdale, wit mington, Del.; Y. Tochnai, ee ce a Sappo Japan; M. B. Waite, — D. C.; Mr. and Mrs. Breet ‘Wallace, Aig D. C.; D. S. Welch, ae N. Y¥.; . Went Z, wi After the sur the following letter from the chairman of the summer meeting committee of the American Phytopathological Society was received by Dr. Britton: 272 “Dear Dr. Britton: Be “Skairman’ ummer meeting committee of the an Phytopatholgial aacee I want to express my ce of the ma: sies shown us by you and your associates on our oe The New York Botanical Garden. This was of the most enjoyable features of the meeting, and the commie appr reciates your willingness to devote your time to entert: es ee “With best oe regards, «Si Dales yours, Mm. H. Mar “Plant ee ” Meteorology dugust. The maximum temperatures recorded th e r A ugust during each week o of a week 6° on the 4th; 91° on the 9th; 92%° on the 15th; 82° on the 26th, and 92” on . The minimum - era- tures recorded were: 62° on the Ist; 5714° ° on the ee and oe on — 2oth. The total cain for the month was 3.66 i ee! for September. The maximum temperatures re- corded at The New York Botanical Garden for each week or part . were: 51° on the 2nd; 53° on the 6th; 60° on the ; 46° on the 24th, and 38° on the 28th. The total precipitation for the month was 3.60 inches. PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical maiden, monthly, containing notes, news, and non-technical articles. Free to members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. Now in its twenty-ninth volume. Mycolo ogi a, bimonthly, devoted to fungi, including lichens; $4.00 a a year; ee bi copies not for sale. [Not offered | in idechaneed Now in its twen- tieth volume. Addisonia, quar terly, devoted exclusively to colored plates accompan i Ww Bulletin of The New York Botanical eae containing reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official doc nts, and technical articles em- bodying results of Gi se ealons Free os “all members oe ‘the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its thirteenth volume. North American Flora. Deecuiptions of the wild plants of North Amer- ica, including Greenland, the West Indies, me Central America. Planned to be complet ted in 34 volumes. oy. Each volume to consist of four or more parts. arts now eae “Su bscription price, $1.50 pe part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, vols. I-VI, $1.50 per volume; to others, $3.00. Vol. VII, $2.50 5-00. a Annotated [Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yel- eae etohue Par k, by xel Rydberg. ix-+ 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900. Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi-- 320 pp., with 176 eure 1903. Molt: Suudes a cesta eons neue Teens from Kreischer ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii+ 478 pp., with 73 figures and 14 Pas 19) 08. Vol. V. Flora out the Vicinity of New York: A Contribution iy Plant Beperaphy, by Norman Taylor. vi-+ 683 flaps with 9 p 15. I, WG Bere peeeanrad at the Celebration of We creer Anni- ‘eae of The oy Yo i Boyce Garden. viii 94 pp., with 43 plates and many text figure Vol. VII. eee inca “IN eealaesee from Porto wee by Ae Gardner; The Flower Behavior of Avocados, by A. B. Sto Des tions of New Genera and Species of Plants Collected on ‘the Mulford Biological Exploration ‘of the Amazon Valley, 1921-1922, by usby; and The Flora of the Saint Eugene Silts, Kootenay Valley B British Co- lumbia, by cee Hollick. viii + 464 pp., with 47 Piate es, 10 charts, and II text-figures. 10927. Contributions fre Pa 1 The New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- nical papers written by students or members of the ein and reprinted em aslour rnals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per vol- In the thirteenth volume. THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN onx Park, New York City ee INFORMATION (a our hundred acres of beautifully porte ae in a i northern of fee City of New York, t Peouen whic x River. An hemlock forest is one of t es of Ree Plantations Ay ee & ae and sama trees, shrubs, and flowering plan Gardens, cats ng a beautiful rose ends a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous garden : reenhouses, containing thousands of apenas plants from America _ and foreign countri us Flower shows dtecuetene the year—in ihe spring, pps? ead autumn displays of narcissi, daffodils, tulips, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, wate lilies, clacton, dahlias, se chrysa uthiemiates in the fee displays Of am ae use- pipe aoe pla ontaining ‘exhibi ts of fossil plants, existing plant families, — local ‘plants Bus ees ithin pore undred miles of the City of New York, — and the economic uses aE pla Fi Anh Secinc, Soe more than one million specimens of Amer- ine si foreign s xploration in ai er arts of the United States, the West Indies, Gael and South Aes Pte the study and collection of the character- istic , pad ia tive ai ee ee Sci ntific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified eae of plant life. A library of PShIeeE literature, comprising more than 37,000 books and numerous pamphlet q Public gece ona Teacen variety of botanical topics, continuing { throughout the year. Publications on botanical subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and ~ ces of popular, interest. education of school children and the public through the above Net and the giving of free information on botanical, horticultural, ae ue subjects. e Garden is dependent upon an annual appa by the a of New York, private ae ee and membership fee t possesses now nearly two thousand members, and aeons for ay membership are aay Mane The fee of membership are: Benefactor jn sca welenmncene single contribution $25,000 i Patron louae: single contribution 5,000 ee Fellow for Life single contribution 1,000 mber for Life single contribution 250 Fellowship Member ual fee 100 remem d ee Ade, anwal fee 25 nua ual fee GORE NUGERE a ne Garden hee ne era from taxable incomes. The following is ce bales form of bequest: I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical earn incorporated wnder x the Laws of New York, Chase 285 of 1891, the of ———— All requests a ae information should t be sent to OTANICAL GARDE pees PARK, NEW YORK CITY #® Novemeer, 1928 No. 347 JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN VOL. XXIX A RECATALOGUING OF THE PINETUM Epmunp H. Fuiiine THE ae OF THE REDWOODS HUR HoLiick LIFE ZONES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS RYDBERG THE HERBARIUM OF EUGENE A. RAU N. L. Brirton BARRETT’S ‘‘THE TROPICAL CROPS’”’ H. H. Russy NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT ACCESSIONS PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At LIME AND Green STREETS, ae Pa. Tur Sormnce Press PRINTIN Entered at the post-office in Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter. Single copies 10 cents Annual subscription $1.00 Free to members of the Garden THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Henry W. pve Forest, Presiden R. A Hewry DE Forest BALDWIN, Vice President Jose Pp. Tewaeee F. K. Sturcts, Uae President DOLPH LEWISOHN Joun L. Merritt, Treasurer ae NETH K. MACKENZIE N.L. ere Secretar ry Barrincton Moore Epwarp D. Apams J. P. Morcan Marston T. yore Lewis RuTHERFURD Morris GEoRG RE) Frepertc R. NEwsBoLp Nicuoras Murray But er H. Hoszart Porter Cuartes P. Bri HENRY OBERT W. DE Forest GrorcE J. RYAN CuiLps Frick Mortimer L. ScHIFF Wi1am J. Gres AMES Tw KER, Mayor of the City of New Yor Watter R. Hence, President of the ee of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Chairman M. Denstow, A. M., D. D. Cuartes P. BERKEY, Pu. D. Massiow an Bocerr, iLiL, 1D), NIcHOLAS NEEEE AS y Burs, Pu. D., nry H. ea M.D. TLL, 10), Irie ee . RYA GARDEN STAFF NEL. BRITTON PH Ds SORD aL Dee eee ter eeEecer Director-in-Chief MarsHatt A. Howe E, Pu. D- Se Diss tena eee ssistant Director OHNGKetS MALT Eg) RSC MD eel eee Head Curator of the Museums A. B. Stout, Px. D. Director of the Laboratories P. A. Rypserc, Px. D. ‘urator Ht. A. Greason, Pu. D. Curator FRED. Seaver, Px. D. Curator ArtHuR Hottick, Pu. D. i leobotanist Bernarp O. Donce, Pu. D. Plant Pathologist ForMAN T. McLean, M. F., Pu. D......... Supervisor of Public Education OHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Ux Mi, Me Di soca a eieeeee ibliographer ERCY WILSON A ssociate Curator ALMYRE DE C. MITCHELL Associate Cree ARAH H. Hartow, A. M. rarian 1. H. Russy, M. Biren. Honorary Curator (iss the Economic Collecttan’ ees G. Britton onorary Curator of Mo ae y E. Eaton ist eae S. WILttiAMsS Administrative asa . ALEXANDER A Curator \LBerT C. SmitH, A. B. Assistant Curator YDE CHANDLER, A. M. Technical Assistant KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. Head Gardener e Ie Denstow, A. M., D. D...... Honorary Custouian of Local Herbarium B. Souruwick, Pu. D. ....0.0s0e0e0s Custodian of Herbaceous Grounds En Anson S. PeckHan. Honorary Curator, Iris and Narcissus Collections Nn R. Brintey, C. E. cee Engineer Vapi S. GrorsBECcK lerk and Acco ARtHuR)). CORBETT. ane y ceeteatone Superintendent of Badin and Ground JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden Vor. XXIX NovEMBER, 1928 No. 347 A RECATALOGUING OF THE PINETUM ust a year ago the writer undertook the task of preparing a he ) c pleted volume would become a progressive guide as one followed certain — and plan work ee resolved itself into two distinct phases. actual n concerned, that this article deals. This part of the work has pro- vided a basis upon which to establish the guide. It has been the intention at the Garden that each and every tree and shrub in the collections arranged botanically should bear a opper tag indicating its scientific name, its source and year of acquisition, and a number to correspond with i card 1 e card catalo kept t ardener The result has been an alphabetically arranged index of many thousand cards, each species, variety and form having o r m is indicated’ t roximate location by large areas, the source, an acquisition number, and mber o i- vidual plants of each species, vari In short, was intended to be kept, through cataloguing an in; It has not been possible to maintain these records as seeueately as was desirable. Every few years a check-up was made but 273 274 £61 | SS1 | gg | bs €z | of | be | Fr Ze | gor $g | oor +g =) == z I I I I —|—- |e 4 v zy — |Z v z I z z I z £ v s by Or | & ¢ z z z z I z £ z v zy gr aT Zz z z Zz SS cee 1 Zz £ £ — |¢€ z —|—|—-|2z rl ee I z I zi _- i I I I 1 —|—|-|1 —|r -—\" — |/8 I —!—|j-/. 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The removal of dead trees, the transferal of others and the planting of new stock altered the plantings in places not indicated by the catalogue. pee natural oe ra: i ny ti en catalogue In ad there are in rden over a thousand ever- eens, outside of the generically arranged groups, which had never been labeled, or, at lea hich were no records, e the various mixed decorative plantings and in some resp of more interest to the lic than the generic collections, for they exhibit the ornamental value of mixed plant- gz in these are all the evergreens forming back- n- tain ee aor as hardy in the latitude of New York City. Eighteen of these are now in es outside collections. The we ae a count of 2,968 trees, which figure includes cover a pitch pine, and Douglas spruce opposite Fordham Hospital. They are the only untagged evergreens, with minor exceptions of a few 277 others to be removed, and the wild hemlock trees of the Hemlock he t a the writer find good reason to ‘fake denne changes in former labeling. In the two large conservatories and the propagating house there are a a genera represented which are not hardy out- nelude Cupressus, mie aes heats strobus, ye ee pene Callitris, Keteleeria, Libocedrus, Podocarpus, Sequoia, and Thujopsis. Of these ae ee ere are about fifty plants in at collections, some which are good-sized trees sca the of the green ce the ne ene a ity “i fferent species and varieties f evergreens in the Garden, including the tender species, are lf the ber in cu i ing for differ- about h. nn er i Itivation, allo d € of opinion on varietal matters, there is yet ample room for expansion e hardy genera exce or three and o: of the supposedly hardy cultivated species of the era represented i e Garden, and less tha of their cul- tivated varieties are in the collections. Several of the lacking for dy h da fe e already been tried but in vai , the greater number of them should be hard as some are standard forms carried by the nurseries Oth iffcult to secure in the trade and would have to be erie oe or propagated. Epmunp H. Futtinc. A mixed planting of evergreens at the entfance to the Rose Garden. IGURE I. ‘I ‘ON asuey Arojyearasuoy JO YOU 149450 M suabund arg ‘smadg anjg 8,193soy, pue ‘vonnG suabund DI21g ‘gonadg ang opesojoy jo ainjxnu yo % TINO ‘puno189103 ‘aya ur “orouonds snaageunf ‘rediunf ‘sesIs01,, PeAee]-a1PI2N ey} Jo suguveds auy MOG “& aunty ; ; a aS ° : ; 281 THE STORY OF THE REDWOODS? “Redwood” is a popular name applied to the two species of ns of the California coastal region, and Tertiary period. During the Quaternary period, when a large part of the northern hemisphere was buried under ice and snow, in the Glacial epoch or Age, s exterminated in the Old World, but managed to survive, in reduced numbers, in a limited area, the western slope of the Sierras om along the Pacific ee region of } eri f ne were discovered in the Old overed meri ¢€ of the Eurasian and North American con- tAbstract of an illustrated lecture ae at The New York Botanical Garden on Saturday afternoon, July 7, 1928. 282 tinents. The previous mild climatic conditions of the Tertiary Ww: Mu naturalist, has said that he never saw one of the big trees a ha met a natural death. The ee was illustrated by lantern slides, showing the loca- tion of the as ood forests in California; the groves that are now under government ownership and protection; certain of the larg- est individual trees; lumbering operations in the privately owned tracts, etc Artuur Ho.tick. LIFE ZONES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS? e have learned from our school geographies that the earth is Arctic, the North Temperate, the of eae pon and the climate changes gradually from one to the oth From a biological standpoint, each of these should x ssbivded This is especially the case with the Temperate For example, the pine woods of Scandinavia and northern 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at The New York Botanical Garden on oe afternoon, June 16, 1928. 283 ussia are very unlike the olive and orange groves of the Medi- terranean region. It would be better to admit a Cold Temperate Subtropical ae 8 dry season; 9. Equatorial, with two rainy seasons or a continuous wet season through the year That North America held definite belts of vegetation has been ng ti at the western half as a rule had an arid one, except the north- western corner and the higher mountains. As the climate of the 284 mountains was more like that of the humid East, he used the same terms for the mou ee in altitude zonation as that of the oe zonation of the East, hence his Arctic, Hudsonian, and Canadian zon His ee tion zone meant first the transitional zone mney - forest and the desert, later the corresponding transitional zone between the Boreal and Austral (parts of the emperate zones 0 East) s the erate zone f the W so unlike that of the East, he called the form Sonoran; the , Austral. His lower Austral corresponds to the a zone mention this g introduction, ae ects showe f the earlier of Dr. Merria m. United States and ee zones of the ountains ae y himself. He showed 100 slides, some colored and others uncolored, of general vegetation of the z , the aoe trees and many of the owers growing in pe from both the eastern and 1m. sides of the mountains. He also mentioned a few animals, character- istic of e zone s the lecture was given more as an altitudinal zonation ountain chain, d the names Sonoran, ntane, Montane, Subalpine, and Alpine, instead of the corresponding , Middle, and Cold Temperate, Sub arctic, and Arctic. erriam would ha sed Sonora: Transition, Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic. P. A. RypBeErc. THE HERBARIUM OF EUGENE A. RAU The extensive and valuable botanical collections formed by Mr. Eugene A. Rau, of Bethelehem, Pennsylvania, have rk Botani presented by him to The N or al Garden, and will be incorporated into the herbarium, for the use of students s importa: cessi clu e ] us specimens col- an of plants in which he was particularly interested, but a cludes many lichens and algae. 285 He had made exchanges of mosses with Thomas C. Porter, ohn Macoun, Coe Finch Austin, Charles Mohr, and other biel ith A. B. Hervey a Catalogue of North American Mosses, which indicated their dis- tribution, throughout the United Spates: British America, and Mexico. He contributed specimens to Leo Lesquereux and T. P. James, who published in 1884 the Manual of the Mosses of North America. He also exchanged lichens with Edward Tuck- erman and fresh-water algae with Francis Wolle. t the meeting of the ane ae held on October 15, the following resolution was adop “Resolved, That the Scientific Directors of The New York ry any years of study, by Mr. Eugene A. Bae of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. N. L. Britton, Secretary. BARRETT’S “ THE TROPICAL CROPS ”! s book is emphatically written by “ one who knows,” as dis: 0 plying the world’s needs when it shall be forced to conservation of all its resources for accomplishing that result. When that time 1The Tropical Crops, by Otis Warren Barrett, B. Sc., seen Director, Department of eee and Labor, ane Rico. 445 pi 24 plates. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1928. 286 comes, this book will find its mission, for it is a vast store-house tu: 1ons in tro one observes all of the precautions and protective measures that 287 Mr. Barrett describes—and describes them very well indeed—he may be as safe as i or’ rable a ons, but the fact remains that in the tropics a oN ae human being, especially the stranger, is many ore to dise S ase are far mor merous ficult to avoid and far more bear these facts in mind and to - accordingly, without, of ourse, inviting sickness by undue fears and anxieties. fter a general account of tropical vegetable products and their geographical distribution, and of the conditions favorable to them, ctively, the author ha, i respectivel, evotes each of ten ¢ ers to a descrip- of ama roduct, as tea, coffee, rubber, bananas, and pine- apples, and to directions for their culture early as many mo grades, I othing more attractive or educational in pariculae field. H. H. Russy, M CoLLEGE oF PHaRMACcy, CoLuMBIA UNIVERSITY. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Mr. Willard N. ae aes of The American Botanist, who was ncaa with the staff of The N w Yo rk Botanical Ganlen in its early days, ee ee been appointed Director of the Botanical Gardens of Butler University, annua Indiana. The dahlia collection of The New York Botanical Garden was somewhat retarded in its development this season and reached 288 the climax of its flowering during the second half of October. A special “Dahlia Day” was observed on Saturday, October 20, with a good attendan nce. Other special flower days during the Apr’ The dahlias were killed by frost on the morning of October 2 r. L. B. Smith, of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard Univer- sity, a October 27 for Rio Janeiro, where he will devote five or six month to a field study of the family Bromeliaceae, which il. He visi York Botanical Garden before his departure to make studies of our material of the family. connection with a convention of the National Association of tober, a party of e tha © men and women visited The New York Botanical Garden on Thursday afternoon, October 18 After a brief address of welco: d description o e main the library and were escorted around the grounds by members of Mr. Norman Taylor, of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, for- merly a member of the staff of The New York Botanical Gaiden: sailed for Rio Janeiro, October 27, as a member of the American- T Brazilian Scientific Expedition to the Amazon val r. Tay- lor will botanist of the expedition and will devote his atten- tion primarily to t m plants of the region e dition and Para, reaching New York in the summer of 1929 Dr. H. A. aes returned October 16 from an extended visit in Europe. His e there was largely spent at the Royal Bo- tanic Gardens at oo in the preparation of manuscript for the proposed Flora of British Guiana, a coéperative project between 289 the Royal Botanic Gardens and The New York Botanical Gar- en. e also studied various groups of the Andean flora, par- ticularly the families Hypericaceae, ae and Melastoma- was instrumental a eae a valuable series of du- plicate herbarium specimens to be incorporated in our own her- barium, New York Botanical sore has recently received from I have been sent to President woolices ee to the governors of the f£ , thr er sent to each of the state universities, to the California Bonne. Ge in Los Angeles, and to The New York Botanical Garden in Bronx Park Pa en for ae The total precipitation for the th wi inch The maximum temperatures for each ae or Ae “el a con? recorded at The New York Botanical m the 17th the 1st; 38° on the 9th; 43° on the 21st, and 28° on the oh The oar inlligg ae was on the night of the 26th 290 ACCESSIONS BOOKS gare THE LIBRARY OF DR. J. H. BARNHART RCHASED 1926 (CONTINUED) FISCHER VON ae DHEIM, ALEXANDER. Revue des plantes nourriciéres des ‘stilaginées. Moscow, 1877. Japanese botany: being a fa acsimile of a Japanese book with introductory notes and translations. Philadelphia, u. d. Kren, WILHELM. Ueber die Regeneration der Lebermoose. Halle, 1909. ONERI, SHIGEOMI. Sémoku-seifu. § vols. n. p. (1827? ToRNABENE, ign cena Saggio di geografia per la Sicilia. Napoli, ca 0 HN States. ore I, "New York, 1824. Tourtet, ERNEST Henri, Pilani pour servir & l’histotre de la botan- ique en Touraine. Tours, 190: Transactions of ie uae "Scientific Association. Vols. 1-3. Meriden, Treco, CHARLES B. A geography of ee Philadelphia, 1843. Tristram, Henry Baker. The land of Moab; travels and discoveries on the east side of the Dead Sea and the pe New York, 1873. True, Ropney Howarp. On the eos of sudden changes of turgor and of temperature on growth. Leip TurnBULL, Ropert. Index of British patie according to the London cata- logue (Eighth edition). Turner, Ropert. Botanologia, the "Brittish physician: or, the nature and vertues of English plants. lon, 1687. Ueber die Auflésung der Arten ok natiirliche Zuchtwahl. Hannover, 1872. Uebersicht der Pflanzen-Familien nach verschiedenen Autoren. Berlin, 182 20. Utioa, ANTONIO DE. A voyage to South America... undertaken a mand of the King of Spain, by Don eae ea and re Anton Ulloa ... translated ae ; oa 3 [with eos yy Ursan, IGNnatz. ae ane der Turneraceen. Berlin, 188. Symbolae antillanae; seu, fundamenta florae Indiae occiden- talis. Vols. . Lipsiae, 1898-1921. VaAnpentt, Domrncos. Fasciculus plantarum cum novis generibus et spe- ciebus. Olisipone, 1771. Visrans, Oscar Huco. Untersuchungen iiber bd Zusammensetsung der Aschen verschiedener Ostseepflansen. Rostock, 1873 VINAL, Wittiam Gouin. A guide for aren and Pi studies in bot- . ington, [191 Vries, Huco ve. (ae pangenesis, including a paper on fertiliza- tion and hybridization. Chicago, 1910. 291 mutation theory: experiments Bled observations on the ori. a oe in the vegetable kingdom. vols. Chicago, ee Vinnos Here ‘Av. Ueber die Bestandtheile der Salvia glutinosa L. Jen: 1873. bao ue Ueber das Vorkommen und die Vertheilung des Gerb- iden Crassulaceen. Géttingen, 1887. Wie ee. Goran. Flora suecica enumerans ae Sueciae oe ...auctior et emendatior denuo impressa. vols. Upsal 1831-33. Gjligheten ait, enligt vegetabiliernes naturliga analogier, @ priori beatin a deras egenskaper och verkningar pi menskliga 4. rts. Upsala, 1834. WAKEFIELD, Paascita (BELL). An introduction to botany in a series of familiar letters. Ed. eek 1803. ———— Ed. 7. London, 1816. —————_ Ed. 1 1841 Wattace, ALFRED RUSSEL. Tian fer or, the phenomena and causes of ane an and flor London, 1892. LTER, HERBERT Foc. ga an introduction to the study of heredity. New York, Watter, THomas. Flora coroliniana. Londin: Warp, NATHANIEL BacsHAw. On the ears oF cane in closely glazed z iF 2. London, 1852. WarMInG, JOHANNES EucENnrIus B Den danske botaniske Literatur fra de aeldste Tider til 1880. pba avn, 1881. . Haandbog i den systematiske Botantk. Kjgbenhavn, 1879. Waterman, CaTHartne H. Flora’s lexicon; an interpretation of the language and sentiment of flowers. Philadelphia, ae s , GE t Weep, CLarence Moores. Seed travellers: studies oe Ge mes of WENDLAND, JoHANN CHRISTOPH. ‘Abbildung und Beschreibung der Hei- en, ol. Se oiee 1798-1803. WERNISCHECK, 3. Genera planiarum, ad facilius consequendam rum notitiam secundum numerum laciniarum corollae disposita. West, Hans. Beytrige sur Beschreibung von = aes ah einer kurzen elias der aa achbarten Inseln. Ma Begoniaceen. care, 1879. WETTSTEIN VON WESTERHEIM, RICHARD VON. Die botanischen Anstalten Festschrift der Odcsterreichischen botanischen Zeitschrift. , 1894. WHEELER, James Love. Catelogus rationalis plantarum medicinalium in horio pane a londinensis, apud vicum Chelsea, cul- 1830, Londin: 292 Wicxson, Epwarp James. The California fruits and how to grow them. 2. San Francisco, 1891. Wicann, ALBERT. vitik und Geschichte der Lehre von der Metamorphose der lange. psa WiccERS, FrIepricH CH. _Primitiae florae holsaticae. Kiliae, 1780. 6. WILLIAMS, Benne Sam The orchid-grower’s manual. Ed. London, 1 soe WILuaAMs, Fre Newton. Enumeratio specterum varietatumque gener Dunshan London, 1889. Wine OHN LEE. wiew of West Florida, embracing its geography, Heald with an appendix. Philadelphia, 182 WILiiams, SAM ae natural and civil history of Vermont. Ed. 2. vols. Bak fea ton, WILLIS, OLIVER Hee Catalogue of plants growing without anit vation in the state of New Jersey, with a specific descri, signe of a the species of violet found therein. ork, c1877. WritxomMm, Heinrich Morrrz. Schedul Sie itineris ron WVillkommiant secundi in fie abs venalibus completis ne tar . de ar florae hispanicae; sive, enumeratio systematica omnium y Hispaniae ee boreali- orientales et centrales facto legit ie pees Leipzig, 1852. —. chlein, . 3. Leipzig, 1 Winoiscu, Pavut ettrdge sur Kenntniss der Tertiarflora von Island. alle i. WITHERING, WILLIAM. An arrangement of British plants. Ed. 3. 4 vols. irmingham, 1796. Woon, ALPH A class-book of botany. Ed, 1. Boston, 1845. ———_- Tr aia 1847. ———_-—- Ed. 2 rev. Bos- ev. —— Ed. ton, 1848. ———_—— Claremont, 1848. 10 rev. Boston, 1849. ~—————- New York, 1861. New York, 1867, ———— pee York, c1869. —————- New York, 1870. --———— New York, c1881. The American eee ae flor New York, 1870. ———— N. Y., 1875. ———— The new one botanist and florist. N. Y., 18! 70 & c1889. Woop, Joun Georce. Common objects of the microscope. London, n. d. Woonvitte, WILLIAM. Afedical botany: containing systematic and aed lates of all the medicinal plants ae ehended in the catalogues of the materia medica. 2 ondon, ‘OOLs, Lectures on the vegetable hingdom, oh special neler: ence the flora of Australia. Sydney and Pa tta, Wuwnscu_e, Frit Anleitung zum Botanisieren und sur ‘Anle- gung von Pfancencntangen: nach dem gleichnamigen Buche von E. Schmidlin. Ed. 1901 2 va} 293 Wu rseerc, Nits Grecers Incvatp. Holerrhena africana, D. C., eine tropische Apocynacee. _ Gott ttingen, 1880. Yarwat, THomas C. A list of certain ig of wood (walking sticks) be- longing to Rev. Thomas C. Yarnall, D.D., of West Philadelphia, enna, hia], 1892. Youmanns, Exiza Ann. First book of botany. New and enl. ed. New Yi 72. Younc, Aucustus. eae report on the natural history of the state ermont. oe . ZUCCARINI, JOSE RHARD. ” Ueber die Vegetationsgruppen in Bayern. Miinchen, 1833. Museums AnD HERBARIUM specimens ae flowering plants from Illinois. (By exchange with Mr. 63 specim e flowering plants from Australia. (By exchange with a National “Herbariven of Victoria. cimen of Hibiscus Trionum from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mrs. Wi caipea of Panicum stipitatum from Virginia. (Given by Mr. W. T. Davin) of American Mimosaceae. (By exchange with the United bo Xtina Museum.) 3 sp sedges from Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr. W.c. Fer, 137 pena “of oe plants from Jamaica, West Indies. (Given by a - Vv. Max raphs of yerere Mimosaceae. (By exchange with the United a Ne Museum. I specimen of Chamaesyce from Quintana Roo, Yucatan. (Given by > S. Yeates. specimens of flowering plants from Uruguay. (Collected by Dr. Guillermo Herter. ecimens of Sonchus arvensis from Pennsylvania. (Given by Dr. CL. ae oe ecim. flowering plants from eae (By exchange with re aaeu “Experiment ne tation, Port of imens of woody plants from Central yunens (By exchange ee Yale Univer: ee of flowering plants from Colombia. (Collected by Mr. Rafael A. Tor i specimen a Centaurea solstitialis from New Jersey. (Given by Miss C. C. Haynes. las ns of flowering plants from Washington. (Given by Pro- fessor a ‘Kent Beattie.) 294 I specimen of Fissipes acaulis from Conway, New Hampshire. (Given by Mrs. cael Kennedy.) I spe of esac cleistogama from Florida. (Given by Dr. Hermann K re s of flo nei Bee from North America. (By exchange flowe: _ the ens States Nati _ of Anneslia ee ee (By exchange with Professor S. mens of mosses from Mexico. (By exchange with the United Le Soe Museum.) 242 specimens of sedges from es and Brazil. (By exchange with the ee Stockholm, Swed specimens of Alabama mosses. (By exchange with Miss Helen a ton.) 4 specimens of Brazilian mosses. (By exchange with E. Armita: 4I specimens of mosses from Rainier National Park. (By ecrenge with Dr. J. M. Grant.) 127 specimens of Louisiana mosses. (By exchange with Brother Arséne.) specimens of mosses from Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil. (Collected 45 specimens of Haiti mosses. (By oo with E, C. Leonar ie i i s. I specimen of Bryum andicola. 2§ specimens of Musci Acro. Bor. Am. & Eu. (Given by Professor J. M. Holzinger. 71 specimens of mosses from Ecuador. (By exchange with Dr. J. N. Rose.) 19 specimens of Philippine mosses. (By exchange with Professor J. M. Holzinger.) 25 specimens of “ North American Musci Perfecti.” (By exchange with Dr. A. J. Grout. 3 specimens and 2 photographs of Acrothrix Novae-Angliae from Mas- sachusetts. (By exchange with Professor William Randolph Taylor 2 speci arine algae from Massachusetts. (By exchange with 2 specimens of Riccia from Maine. (Given by Dr. George H. Conklin.) 4 specimens of marine algae from Honduras. (Given by the Field Mu- y.) 559 of American flowering plants. (By exchange with the Royal ital ae Kew. 702 specimens of plants from Venezuela. (Collected by Mr. H. Pittier.) 135 specimens of flowering plants from Hue, Indo-China. (By exchange f .) 0 specimens of flowering plants from Hawaii. (By exchange with Mr. 172 specimens of plants from Mongolia. (By exchange with the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History.) 295 2 specimens of flowering plants from California. (Given by Mrs. T. R. Allen. 408 sp cimens of flowering plants from Idaho, Nevada, and California. (By exchange with Stanford University. s of pits plants from Montana. (By exchange with = ‘anand of Montan s of Onspli from New Providence, Bahamas. (By ex- -J.K Pad 659 specimens of plants pat Mt. Roraima. (By exchange with the ican usew 58 s ens of flowering plants from Honduras. (By exchange with the United | States National Museum. 2 photographs of Phlox amplifolia. (Given by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry.) 19 specimens of flowering plants from North Aachen (By a with Harvard University.) 139 specimens of flowering plants from Quebec. (By exchange with Brother Marie Victorin.) PLANTS AND SEEDS ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTION oF DAHLIAs (1928) 34 roots, 12 varieties. (Given by Mr. Fred von Rodeck.) 26 plants, 13 eee and § roots, § varieties. (Given by Fisher and 2I roots, 10 vari a (Given by Mr. ilmore. 20 plants, 12 varietie (Given by Chemar Dahlia Gardens.) 17 ts, 7 varieties y exchange with itter.} 16 roots, 12 varieties. (By exchange with Mrs G. Welsch.) 15 ae - varieties. (Given by Mr. Charles G. Reed. 2 roots, 12 varieties. (Given by W. Atlee Burpee Co.) 12 sale 2 varieties. (By exchange with Mrs. Wm. Hunter Latimer.) ‘oots, 6 varieties and 8 clumps, § varieties. (By pee with Mr. Alfred J. E. Schmidt.) 10 plants, 5 eee (Given by Dahliadel Nurseries.) 10 roots, 5 varieties. (Given by Mr. William Seltsam.) 9 roots, 9 varieties, and 1 clump. (By exchange with Mrs. Carl P. Sherwin. 9 roots, 9 varieties. (Given by Meachen & She: 8 roots, 8 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. A. ene ella.) 7 plants, 4 varieties, and 3 roots, 1 res (By exchange with Mr. W. N, Corby.) 296 7 plants, 7 varieties, and 1 root. (Given by Mr. J. A. Kemp.) 7 roots, 7 varieties, (By nen es Mr. A, Bazdor 7 roots, 4 varieties. (Given b Stewart Leckie.) 6 plants, 6 varieties. (Given by Wai ite’ s Gardens, Inc. 6 roots, 6 varieties. (By ex ith Mr. Thomas Corrigan.) i ahn. . J. r. Herman Rindfeisch.) .C. ae Alling. 6 roots, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. Tack e. ieties. i ed. A. Branson.) 5 roots, 5 varieties. (Given by Mr. Jo ng.) 4 plants, 2 varieties, and 4 roots, 2 varieties. pre by Downs Dahlia Farms.) 4 roots, 4 varieties. 4 roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Professor J. B. S. Norton.) 4 roots, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. Frederick E. eee varieties. (Given by Mr. Nathan A. Miller.) 4 roots, I variety. (Given by Mr. James Smith. (By exchange with Mrs. Edythe McDonald.) C a (By exchange with Mr. Herbert . Green.) 3 roots, 3 varieties. 3 roots, I ty. (Given by Mr. Ralph W. Cla: 3 roots, I variety. (Given by Sheffield Bulb Far. roots, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. J Wee roots, I variety. iven by Mr. 1 clu (By pate with Mr Frank Hoffstadt,) 1 clump. (Given : y exchange ae Mr. en Frey.) I root. (Given by Mr. J. E. Bois.) een with ie . A. Orton.) : with Mrs. Grace Sebilng) I root. (By ans with Mrs. B. Simek.) MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION Edward D. Adams J. Horace Hardin ben E. Olco Eypeent Astor . Montgomery Hare Prof. Henry F. Osborn F. L. Atkins Edward S. Harkness Chas. Lathrop Pack John W. eee Prof. R. A. Harper ufus L. Patterson eorge F. Bak T. A. Havemeyer Henry Phip Stephen Baker A. Heckscher F. R. Pie ieee Hen By e ieee Baldwin Hon. Jos P. Hennessy ae R. Pitcher Edmund L. Baylies Frederick Trevor Hill ee P rter Prof. MChitles Be Berkey Anton G. Hodenpyl i nston L. Redmond ( illin Archer M. Huntington Ogden Mills George iieathal Adrian Iselin John D. Rockefeller Marston T. Boger: Walter Jennings W. Emlen Roosevelt George P. Brett Otto H. Kahn Prof. H. sby George S. Brewster Darwin P. Kingsley Hon. George yan Prof. N. L. Britton Iph Fevicchn Dr. Reginald H. Sayre Dr. Nicholas M. Bu Frederick J. Li Mortimer L. Schi Pro . H. Carpenter eth K. Mieencnoe Henry A. Siebrecht Marin Le Brun Cooper Everit Macy Valentine P. Sn James W. Cromwell anelee Weare ames Speyer enry W. de Forest J. Matheson Cece Strauss Robert W. de Forest eorge McAnen F. K. Sturgis Rev. Dr. M. Denslow John L. Merrill Thay Benjamin T. Fairchild Ogden Mills facies G. he peed William C. Ferguson on. Ogden L. Miil Louis C. Tiffany Marshall Field de la Montagne elix M. Wane illiam B. O. Field Barrington Moore aul M. Warburg Childs Frick J. Pierpont Morgan Allen Wardwell Prof. W. J. Gie De Lewis R. Morri ee estunebouss Daniel Gingebetene . Robert T. Morris nson Winthrop Murry Guggenheim ee R. Newbold eect 1k Winthrop MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. Arthur H. Scribner, Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton rs. Roswell Mille Chairman Mr . Barton Hepburn Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham Mrs. Samuel Sloan, Mrs. Robert C. Hill rs. Georg Perkins Secretary Mrs. Frederick C. Hodgdon Mrs. Harold I. Pratt . Robert Bac Mrs alter Jenni Mrs. Wm. Kelly Prentice Miss Elizabeth Billings Mrs. Bradish Johnson rs. James Roosevel Mrs. Edward C. Bodman Mrs. Delancey e Mrs. Charles H. Stow Mrs. N. ie Britton Mrs. Gustav rs. Theron G. Strong Mrs. Andrew Carnegi Mrs. William A. eee rs. Henry O. Taylor Mrs. Fred. A. Constable Mrs. OW rs. John T. Ter Mrs. Charles D. Dicke Mrs. David Ives Mackie Mrs. Harol cL. Turner Mrs. John W. Draper Mrs. John R. Mc! ley Mrs. Louise Beebe Wilder Mrs. Carl A. de Gersdorff Mrs. Pierre Mal Mrs. William H. Woodin HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Mrs. E. Henry Harriman THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BOARD OF MANAGERS Henry W. ve Forest, President R. A. Harp! Henry DE Forest Batpwin, Vice President Jose 12, yas . K. Sturcis, Vice President DOUEy LEwIsoHN Joun L. Merritt, Treasurer one a K. MACKENZIE N. L. Britron, Secretary BARRINGTON Moore Epwarp D. Apams Yo 1 Marston T. Bocert Lewis Rurmerrona Mom GeorcE S. BrewsTER Freperic R. NE Nicuoras Murray Butler H. Hopart ilk Cuartes P. B Henry H. R Rosert W. ae Forest crane J. Ryan Cups Fr MER L. SCHIFF hae J. Wavxer, Mayor of the City He New Yor Wa _teErR R. Herrick, President of the Department of Parks SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS R. A. Harper, Pu. D., Charen H. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D. CuHar_es P. BERKE KEY, Pu. D. Marston T. Bocert, LL. D. NicHoLas Murray Butter, Pu. DF Henry H. Russy, M. D. ILI, 1D), Wiis, 1D), GerorcE J. RYAN GARDEN STAFF Ti Berron,, Pa.) SCD LDS caste secrete ere Director-in-Chief. MarsHatt A. "Hows, Pu. D., So D, shh caiek Begs teioores Assistant Prag Joun K. SMALL, Pu. DE SCuD ie een Head Curator aft the M \. B. Stout, Pu. D. Director of the Labora A. Rypserc, PH J. A. GLeAson, Pu. D Curator RED. J. SEAVER, Pu. D \rTHUR Ho ick, Pu. D. ast ERNARD O. Donce, Pu. D. Plant Pathologist ‘ORMAN T. McLean, M. F., Pu. D. ........ Supervisor of Public Education OHN HENDLEY BARiaARE on We MEAD) ate eR elie ate Bibliographer ERCY WILSON Associate Curator ALMYRE DE C. MITCHELL Associate pa ARAH H. Seerae A. M. Libra: THEVRUSBY,) Miele areere Honorary Curator PO the Economic Colletiing ENTE G. Sant TION Honorary Curator of wre Mary E. ist OBERT S. Ra MS 4 t t J. ALEXANDER ssistant Curator \LBERT C. SmitH, A. B ssistant Curato CLYDE CHANDLER, A. M. Technical Assistant KennetH R. Boynton, B. S. rdener H. M. Denstow, A. M., D. D. ..... onary Custodian of Local Herbarium Ey BY SOUTHWICK by Hee sreveleetteetestererster todian of Herbaceous Grounds ates Anson S. PecKHAM. Honorary Garni Iris and Narcissus Collections wn R. Brintey, C. E. an sete Engineer Wate Se Grozspeck Clerk and Accountant ARrHuR J ;\CORBETT A. 2c) cca cece: Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds JOURNAL OF The New York Botanical Garden Vou. XXIX *DeceMBER, 1928 No. 348 GROWING DAHLIAS FROM SEED? Raising Dahlias from seeds has become a Popular pastime and if Dahlias can be raised from seeds produced in one’s own garden al ways: first, by saving 0 is easy but the latter is mee difficult. Before undertaking to do any seed solace one should have at least an elemen- hi zi The Dahlia belongs to the ae Peau which have flower heads which consist of many florets or a composite of flowers; thus the essential organs are somewhat difficult to see, 1 Abstract of an illustrated lecture given at The New York Botanical Garden, on Saturday afternoon, September 15, 1928. 298 but if a large individual flower on as a lily be dissected all these ily s Dahlia flower hs two types Sof florets called the ray and there. These etals, are os faeces, having i eae an penne of producing see Fruitfulness in the Dahlia Fruitfulness means the ability of the flower to produce seeds. or vice versa, There is another our of failure ic ee ce seeds that is known as self-i or self this form ne pollen is oe at the same time as the stigma, et pistil of the s. i It is believed that the Dahlias gen- erally belong to this class, and that cross-fertilization must t place before any see be produced at is, Jersey’s Beauty e be absolutely certain in this connection a ar thane be given 299 every variety proposed to breed, for the reason already stated, that there may be exception Breeding the Ray Florets To be absolutely sure of both parents, it is necessary to use control measures. This is tedious work but interesting never- I : : stem, by means of a wired tree ret As soon as the rays develop The seeds are then allowed to ripea. If ne shdald threaten, the stalk should be cut and placed in clear water in a light, airy room, the water being changed daily. W. H. Warte. TULIPS PLANTED IN 1928 York Botanical Garden has been enriched by another Benetous gift of 68,750 tulip bulbs from the Holland Bulb Grow- re eer uet e following have been planted in the Conservatory cou d in the Conservato: court this year. 3,000 Scilla, Chionodaxa, and Galanthus bulbs were planted under nee Following is a list of varieties of tulips received this year 300 1928 TuLirs Single Early Cottage Tulip Cottage Maid Adonis ree Cardinal Alaska Diana Amber Drapeau Rouge Amber Gris Golden — Ambrosia Golden Argo Ibis Artemis Keizerskroon Avis Kennicott La Reine Maxima vi x Havelaar Alcimene Pelican Caledonia Prince of Austria arrara Queen Fl Diamond Risin Sie Ro isante Vermilion Brilliant Ellen Willmot White Hawk ee ae Led : a Yellow Prince Grenadie Eu Dou Iglesconbe Yellow oule de Neige ee oog Couronne d’Or arvel Imperator Rubrorum Mrs. Kerrel a Mrs. Moon Mr. van der Hoeff Moonlight Mr. van Tubergen Nectar Lucretia Orange King u Picotée Peach Blossom Retroflexa Queen of the Pinks iren Salmonette Sir Harry Schoonoord Rose os Scarlet Emperor Titian Union Jack Vuurbaak Walter T. Ware General France Vulcan Thalia Yellow Perfection Zeus Derwin aig Breeder Tulip After Abd-el-Kadir A pacer Apricot Baronne de la Tonnaye Bacchus B. n Black Diamond Bleu Aimable Cardinal Manning Centenaire Clio Chant du Cygne Tic Citronella Pe ao - ge Feu Ardent Godet Parfait pete of ov estminster Gold Finch Eclips Edmé J Vatt Euterpe Jaune d’Ocuf Faust liére Flamingo Louis XIV Frans Hals Lucifer Feu Marginat Herodiade Mme. de Stael Isis Marie Louise Jubilee Me King George V’ Melva La Fiancée Panorama Le Tulipe Noir Perle Rovale Louise de la V; alliére Prince of Orange Jacob Mares Professor Schotel Mme. Barrois alomon Mr. Farncombe Sanders St. James Mme. Krelage Tricolor Marnix van St. seis Turenne Philippe de Co Velvet King President Tait e P V1 ee Prince of Wales Princess. Elizabeth undew Princess Ma: zene Beauty Prince of the Netherlands Silvie Professor Rauwenhofft Sir Trevor Laurence Rev. Ewbank The Bisho Roi d’ Islande Zwanenburg KenneETH R. Boynton. ace ae TEACHERS OF ALL eee VISIT W YORK BOTANICAL GAR The mild Indian summer of the past two months has aay More advanced instruction is given in a similar way, with the use of living plants as object lessons, to the high school biology classes, to the teachers of the future from the Training School 303 for Teachers, and to students of pharmacology, of landscape age of a known world, and supplying eee for the greatest pees ere is a Sa gr vestigations in the laboratories and herbaria of the Bo ee en, a i enti ave n investigations in eaeenhn and heredity are being isa d ngi; ig engaged in the study o plant diseases; Mrs. Britton continues dies of mosses, and her he tpful iatetest in the conservation of our native flora. These are only a few instances of many e k, staff, have been added to the usual afternoon docentry service 304 which has always been available to visitors. These conducted tours have been popular, especially with the members of the i il have been mad ee lectures at the Museum Building, to the mutual ad- vantage o many years, the Botanical Garden has Si a series T em avai of popular lectures on botanical subjects ‘o make il- able to the greatest number of people, these are given T- day afternoons, are illustrated by lantern slides, usually colored ones em more realistic, and are free lic. strations are given, using living greenhouse plants, every Satur- day afternoon. This year, these demonstrations are being made Thus the educational work of the Botanical eat supplies information of value to everybody interested in plant life, and to people of all ages, from the ones school fae to ie most mature and advanced scientis Forman T. McLean. MRS. HENRY MARQUAND At the first meeting of the winter of the Advisory Council of The New York ne Garden, on Nov. 13, the following resolution was adop “ RESOLVED, That the Ae Council of The New York Botanical Garden records its deep sen nse of loss in the death last ae April 3, a ee its = fl llow member and one-time chairman, Mrs. Henry Mar e good works of os oe nry Marquand, our much 1 a of the Advisory Connell and chairman from Pog 3, 1914, to April 3, 1919, who died last spring, were many and 305 varied. As President of the Northern Westchester County Dis- Bedfo: quality that was peculiarly hers, alas too rare nee modern days. tangible, restful sweetness an ered that one may catch but t hol subtle way permeated a erie Giae in a home or in a concert hall. This is what the world that knew her will miss, unless in the gardens that she loved it may.be found again. MRS. BRITTON AND THE LANTERN-SLIDE COLLECTION At the of the Scientific Directors of The New York Botanical pores ai ee 13, 1928, the. following resolu- tions were unanimo ted : “Woereas, Mrs. \. L. Britton has, for manv years, gen- ate contributed her time and sacrificed her convenience in the laborious service of arranging and caring for our large re slide See and “\VHEREAS, As sult of this service, the conv sasahene our lecturers has a greatly subserved, and th est ue of our lecture course greatly ohateed: Thereioce. it 1s “RESOLY That the Scientific penal alate record their _grateta i appreciation of this, among th y benefits that fons received from Mrs. pee aa hat a ad these resolutions be transmitted Irs. Britton, with the thanks of the Sci entific Directors, a be spread upon the Se of this bo i 306 THE CHOCOLATE TREE FRUITING UNDER GLASS IGURE I show. hotograph, taken last March, of the speci- men chocolate tree eee Cacao) growing in House No. 4, Conservatory Range No. 1, The New York Botanical Garden. hi This fine plant, which was given to the Garden r. Charles Patin some 0, flowers freely, t continuously T Il but numerous blooms issue in clusters directly from the bark of nches or trunk of the tree, on which reais fruits have been secured by hand Sollination: The shown i the photograph was one of two set r eke which has since drop It is a fleshy, coated pod, with seeds imbedded in the Se pulp. exhibit of pie ces S made to the JouRNAL 28: 86. 1927, for abstract of a lecture on ae by Dr. F. J. Seaver. KENNETH R. Boynton. CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER e monthly ae of the Scientific Staff and Reg- istered ae ts of the Garden for the autumn was held on Wednesday, Novem ra eo. Dr. N. L. ae mae ed a work on the nares of Art as a there are two Earopead: species naturalized in eastern North 307 in fruit in b Chocolate Tree (Th Figure I. 308 America. Colored plates of all the Irises published up to 1928 were shown and ten paintings, including the new species just referred to, were exhibited. eth R. Boynton displayed for the benefit of the Con- Princess Tee of the same type, and the new exhibition new, was ae in the Garden collegione for the first time, and color of the small baby, or button, types. Attention was directed to the very late-blooming sorts designed for December and to very early-blooming sorts, which at the time were throug’ flowerin A.B. Stout, Secretary of the Conference. SHERLOCK’S “CITY AND SUBURBAN GARDENING”! This recently published book is a handy compact volume of 186 pages and 76 illustrations. It covers very adequately the for Preparation,” “How to Build Lawns,” “Fences and Borders,” 1 By Chesla C. eee Published by the A. T. De La Mare Company, Inc., N. Y. City. 1928. 309 and “Planni ing the Garden.” Seventeen planting plans with d - d dp ul ban garden in miniature at the Fifteenth International Flower Show, New York. Specific ee of the plants used in gardening are given rub der: e Ev are pidsente ed simply, conci isely, and sora a is wise guidance for the beginner in gardening; there is ie a will benefit the more experienced gar ents But an outstanding feature of this volume is its rare quality of inspiration. There is an effective appeal for beauty, for a in € suburban gardening more adequate, more helpful, or more inspiring. A. B. Stout. 310 LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS DURING DECEMBER During the month of Aerie oa lectures and demonstra- tions were given by members of t! of The New York Bo- tanical Garden on Saturday ean in the Central Display Green house of Conservatory Range No. 2. The program was as follows: Dec. 1. en Plants and How to Force Them for the ’ Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Assistant Director. Dec. 8. “Flowers for the Small ere Mr. Kenneth R. . Boynton, Head Garden Dec. 15. “Cacti and Their Habits,” Dr John K. Small, Head Cc urator. NOTES, NEWS, AND COMMENT Professor Robert A. Harper, Chairman of the Scientific Direc- demy of Sc s, Building of Union College, Schenectady, November 19-21 Visits to the research laboratories and factories of the ee ee Company were a feature of the occasion. Dr. H. S. Jackson, now at Arte University, has recently w the roth; oO 20° on the 26th; and 25° on the 28th. The total eecr en a the month of November was 1.43 inches. 311 ACCESSIONS LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM APRIL ane gan 31, 1928 ALLAN, Donatp. Sweet pea culture. Edinbur, Apcar, AuSTIN Craic. Ornamental ‘shrubs of a eae States (hardy, cultivated). New York, crgi E : v : icago, n. d. Baker, Mary Francis. Florida wild ers. New York, 1926. Barrett, Otis Warren. The tropical crops. New York, 1928. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton. Beat, ALvIN Casey. The gladiolus and its culture. New Yor! Bennett, HucH HammMonp, & ALLIson, Bee The soils i “Cue oe 1928. (Given by Dr. N. L. m,) Best, THomas R. Back-yard gardening for ce men. Philadelphia, CIQI7. BIRKENHEAD, JOH Ferns and fern culture, Ed. 3. oir . de Bisset, PETER. The book of water gardening. Ed. 2. ae is C1924. Brain, THoma E . Botanic ici their ieee medica, phar- macology and therapeutics. Cincinni Bourcat, E. Insecticides, fungicides and ieee killers. and English ed., o 1 = , 1925. Brewster, he ae garden for little money. Boston, c1g24. Brooks, CHARL NEST Psi limate through the ages; a study of t ttc factors and A poke w York, Brown, A. viculture in the tropics. Lon AOR. : don, 1912. Brown, Buss S. Modern propagation of tree fruits. New York, c1g16. Brown, Lourse Busu-. Flowers for every garden. Boston, 1927. Burcess, THornton Watpo. The Burgess flower book ‘For children. Boston, 192; Carter, HErpert oR. Jute and its i tase London, n. d. Cueyney, Epwarn Gurren. What tree is that? New York, 1927. Cuurr, CHartes. Manual of vee esis diseases. New Yo tk, 1925. Coss, Ernest. Garden steps; a manual for the amateur in vegetable CockerHAM, Kirsy Ler. 4A manual for spraying. New York, 1923. Coox, Lawrence J. ee ies ert for amateurs. Ed. 5. Lon- n,n. d. Coon, Netson. Practical violet ‘culture. New York, 1925. ———. The small nursery. Ne York, 192: B ic PEL, Epw: Loi ae aad Corsett, Lee CLEVELAND. a i Bost an Cummins, Juuia H. My lee comes of age. New York, 1926. Dacutsy, Eric Fitcu. Marvels of plant life. Lond Davis, Kary Capmus. School and home gardening. Philadelphia, cIg18. 312 Davy, JoserH Burtt. Hand-book of conifers pie in the arboretum, agley Wood, ae 1926. iven by Dr. N. L. Britton.) Ditton, Jutta Lester. The blossom circle of i year in southern gar- ens. New York, 1922. Dovcrass, BENJAMIN Wa.Lace. Orchardiand garden: a guide book for beginners. Indianapolis, 1918. Duccar, BENJAMIN Mince. Plant hae with special reference to plant production. New York, Dunuam, Enpiru. Fifty flower cae with familiar faces. Boston, crgo7. Duranp, Herpert. Field book of common ferns. New ee 1928. ——.. My wild flower garden. New York, FauLkner, Hersert Watpron. The mysteries of the Hoes New York, cror Fernatp, HENRY Torsey. Applied entomology. Ed. New 1926. Fitzpatrick, THOMAS JEFFERSON. Rafinesque; u oe of ie with bibliography. Des Moines, Ig1t. a ae Dr. a. H. Barn! i rk, Fraser, SAMUEL. The strawbe GourLey,'JosepH Harvey. Text-book of pomology. New York, 1927. REEN, SAMUEL BowpLear. Popular fruit growing. Ed. 5. St. Paul, ———. Vegetable gardening. Ed. 16. St. Paul, Harpensurc, Earte Votcart. Bean culture. Nee + 1927. Harrison, C. ALwyn. Commercial orchid growing. London, 1914. ‘Harrison, CHARLES Simmons. A manual on the Phior. [Ed. 2] York. Neb., A manual. of the peony. Ed. 4. York, Neb. n. d. Ma . : ; z Haver, ArtHur WIinc. Fundamentals of bi iology. New York, 1928. Heprick, Utysses Prentiss. Cyclopedia of fee fruits. cae York, 1922. HeMSLey, ALFRED, The book of fern culture. London, 1908. HENDERSON, CHARLES. cha gardens and ornamental gardening, illustrated. New York, 3 Iccins, Myrra MARGARET. ae gardens for boys and girls. Boston, CIQIO, Sastre Renee C. The amateur’s guide to landscape gardening. Val- y City, 1923. es Ntax, Handbuch der Paléeobotanik. Vol. 1. Miéinchen, 1927. 313 HoLianp, Letcester Bovine. oe oo blue book; a manual of the perennial garden. New 927. Hoimes, Eszer. eal rose ape under glass and outdoors. Ed. . New York, . Horres, ALFRED ca The book of annuals. Ed. 2. New York, 1928. . The book of shrubs. New York, 1928. Hussarp, SAMUEL C. Roses and their culture. ‘w York, 1926. Jexyii, Gertrupe. Colour pee for the flower garden. Ed. 6. Lon- lon, 1925. Jenkins, EpmMunp Howarp. The hardy flower book. Ed. 2. London, 1914. Jounson, Leonarp H. oo planting. New York, 1 JoHNson, WILLIS Gra: Fumigation methods. New ae 1020; JONGMANS, WILLEM a PH, ED. Fossilium catalogus. 2: Plantae. Pt. 1-13. Berlin, 1913-27. Karns, Panes CE GRENVILLE. The principles and practice of pruning. New ea. Harrrer Louise. Our northern shrubs and how to identify them. New , 1925. ———. The aa _o es summer. New York, 1917. Kirt, ee LESLIE 's flower garden, indoor and outdoor. ork, 192! 7 rome Joun. Practical handbook of trees, shrubs, vines and her- baceous aes Boston, 1916. Knee, Han: te Sexualitat der niederen Pflansen. Jena, 1928. Lay, pater Downtnc. A garden book for autumn and winter. New York, 192. LusiMENKO, WLADIMIR N. Traité de botanique générale. 2 vols. Paris, 1927-28. 927 Lunvett, Peter Macnus. Calceolarium,; ein neues Geschlecht und neue Pleurotaenium-Arten der Familie Desmidiaceae. Berlin, 1 Lyon, THomas Lyttieton. Soils and fertilizers. New York, oe Lyon, THomas LyttLeTon, Fierin, ELMER OTTERBEIN, & BUCKMAN, Harry Otiver. Soils; theiy properties and management. New York, 1924, McDonatp, Donato. Sweet-scented flowers and fragrant leaves. Lon- Mac Downatp, James. Lawns, links, & sports-fields. London, 1923. M’Ewen, Georce. The culture of the peach and nectarine, edited and en- larged by John Cox. London, 1859. McFar_ann, Joun Horace. Roses and how to grow them. New York, ———. The rose in America. New York, 1926. McILvaINE, ia Ence. a in i fille garden. Boston, 1928. Given by E. A. 5. Peckham.) 314 [McIntosH, CHARLE e flower garden with selected lists of the most approved ee pene and ane flowering plants. Lon- ane 1838. Mckin LLA TER, Por Iris in the little garden. ee 1927. Nad ALFRED James. Alpine plonts. New York, ———. Delphiniums and how to es ae ae ee 1823. ——. Souls and fertilizers. New k, 1925. Mawnninc, Jacop Woopwarp. The Aer es index. N. Cambridge, 1927. MASSsEE, rk Diseases of cultivated plants and trees. Ed. 2. New ork, Tors. MatHews, eee Scuuyter. Familiar trees and their leaves. New tk, 1 Yo 27. he book of al flowers for young people. New York, 1 NA AMUEL Taytor. The small ee a Philadelphia, ae MerevitH, Lewt ck gardens; how ke and maintain them ondon, IgIo. MILLER, Louise Kurtn. Children’s gardens for school and home. New York, rorg. MiTcHELL, SypNey Bancrort. Gardening in California. New York, 1927. Murr, JoHN. Our national parks. Boston, 1 NIcHOL s, Rost STanpIsH. Spanish & Bopagues gardens. Norturop, Arice Bette (RicH). » 1925. Norton, Joun Birtinc Smiry. Seven thousand dahlias in cultivation. Boston, 1924. Through field and woodland. New Injurious insects, how to recognize and con- arden City, as : Pammet, Louts Hermann, Kine, Cuartorre Maria, & otHers. The ase ‘ora of Towa. Des Moines, 1926. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barn- ee Francis THeovora (SmirH) (DANA). [Ed. 2] New York, 192 Pau, H. M. Handbook of the hardy Primula. Guildford, 1911. Peanopy, Henrietta C. Outside the house beautiful. Boston, c1923. Pratrie, pe CuLross. ae and harvests. New York, 1926. How to know the ferns. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.) PEIRCE, Grow a MES. The Pgeoy of plants. New York Pirer, CHARLES VANCOUVER, & , Russet. ARTHUR. Turf a or courses. ee ae 1923. QuacxensusH, Atice T. A. The annuals of flowerland. New York, 1927. Reycuter, Lucien. Mutation with orchids: results obtained by crossings with ead. of Cattleya. Brussels, 1928. (Given by the author.) 315 . RLey, HENRY sean Pees London, 1912, Rion, Hanna. Let's m a@ flower garden. N York, RocKWELL, FREDERICK sa Around the year in the oe ee ed. New York, 1926. 1926. Evergreens for the small Ban New York, 1928. —. The book of bulbs. New York, 1928. Rockwett, Freperick Frye, & BrerrensucHer, Wiriiam G. Gardening with peat moss. New York, 1928 (Given by Dr. dan T. Mc- Rocers, Wittiam Snow. Planning your garden. Garden City, Re , ALE: La pla ui fait les yeux émerveillés; le evel (Echinocactus Wilhamsii). Paris, 1927. (Gi by B Leén.) Sattrorp, Georcze. How to make money growing violets. New York, 1902, Saunvers, Cartes Francis. The wild gardens of old California. Santa Barbara, 1 ie ———. Western flower guide; wild flowers of the Rockies and west to the Pocife Garden City, 192 _ ith the trees and flowers in California. New eee 1923. ScHREPFER, FRANK ANDREW. Hardy eve: é Ww Scuunck, Epwarp. The action ia aa on ‘the leaves of iaiiie tinctorium. [Manchester, rgor. Sears, Frep Coteman. Productive small fruit culture. Ed. 2, Phila- elphia, c 1925. Sepcwick, Manet Cazot, & Cameron, Ropert. The garden month by onth. Ne s 2 K ° r Gc x ———. Garden flowers of au Garden Cin, 1 Saaw, THomas. Weeds and ae ‘eradicate them. eg 3. St. Paul, cIOri. Srnnott, Epomunp Ware. Botany; principles and problems. New York, 1923 SKINNER, CHARLES MontcomEry. Myths and legends of flowers, trees, fruits and plants in all fun and in oe climes. Pies c1g25. Skog — buen sie Vol to —26, NYDER, ry. Soils d ferizers. e Be ew ae a SOoLy, ees Norpury. ee dens for town and suburb. New York, 1926. Sponster, Otenus Lee. Trees: a simple guide for quick identification of fi # tre Arbor, 19: Stevens, Frank Lincotn. Plant disease fungi. New York, 1925. Srevens, Grenvon A. Roses in the litile garden. Boston, 1926. Stuckey, Henry Perkins, & Kyte, Epwin Jackson. Pecan growing. New York, 1925. Tazor, INA Grace. Come into the garden. New York, 1921. 316 TAUBENHAUS, JACOB JoserH. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their rol. New York, 1920. . The culture and diseuse ee Le sweet pea. New York, c Taytor, Norman. A guide to the wild flowers east of the Miseisstppi hi 19. TuHayer, CLrarK Leonarp. Spring flowering: bulbs. New York, 1928. Tuomas, WiLtiAM Srurcis. Field book ne common gilled mushrooms. New York, 1928. (Given by the author.) Townsenp, CHartes Wenpett. Sand dunes and salt marshes. New ed. Boston, 192 Transactions and proceedings of the ee Zealand institute. Vol. 47- ellington, 191524. (By exchange.) Verhandlungen des V. a Kongresses fiir Vererbungswis- senschaft, Berlin, i. 2 vols. Leipzig, 19 cK, Epwarp Corston. Arundo Donax 131 Aster 83; a -Belgit 82 of the Burgess col- ‘Atkins, . 38 Atriplex ieee 109 Avena 204; sativa 107 nee ia 228 wards and prize-winning plans in ete 1928 Small Garden Competi- tion, The 7 Azalea 115; amoena 106; canescens 155; Hinodigiri 106; japonica 106; mollis 106, 107; nudiflora 06 I Azaleas at the Flower Show 105 Baccharis glomeruliflora 193; hali- mifolia 167, 186 J. 269 | divaricata 114; inermis I14 318 Barnhart, John Hendley 2, 4, 6, 20, 48, 7: ares ree 149-151, 154, 155, 2 290 Publications saunee the year 927 85 Beit Otis W. 103, 2 Barrett’s “The Tro: oT ee 285 Bayne, B ‘a 289 Beatty, ciate Wilt 77, 79 Becker, H. W. Publications Pais the year 86 ith Boynton, K. R. 86 cc - perennis alba 81; perennis sea 81 Benedict, Ralph C. - Ferns as Phouse plants 45 Be : oe Burgess Sie es of Bee Thanbergi 81 Berlandiera humilis 162, 172 Betula 16 0 Bidens, pilosa 229, 233 Boltonia asteroides 82; latisquama Books from the library of Dr. J. H. Barnhart purchased 1926 (con- tinued) 20, 74, 122, 143, 214, 246, Boronia megastigma 245 Botanical fields, historic and prehis- toric 149, 185, pe in Trindad 1 18 Pouce mn Cét re Farming Bones 'Cletietit t Gray 108, Azaleas at the Flower Show 105 Public ations during the year 1927, Boyd, O. E. ee Boyer, C. S. Boynton, Kennet a R. 16, 17, 71, 77; 79, II 268, 302, 308, 310. Chiysanthemims (1927) If Plants that are attractive in nit 70 Publications gcunins the year 927 85, 86 with Becker, H. W. & with Pendleton, I. eee Loines, . 86 ocolate tree, fruiting na 163 Bragg, Laura is) pone as 201 Brassi Bratley. C ‘0. Britton, Elizabe ah G. ad N. LJ 48, 101, 303, 305 an nde he Jantern-slide collec- tion 30 Meee during the year Britton, 7 I, 14, 43, 48, 93, 104, 138-140, pee 211, 268, a 288, 303, 301 Bequest of the Burgess collec- tion of ao 2 Dr. W. Gilman Thompson 13 Forestry and. agriculture in Bes Rico 101 Publications during the year 927 86 with Moore, B. ith Rose, J. N. 87 Resolutions relative to the ser- vices of Doctor Frederic S. Lee to The aie York Bo e herbarium oe Eugene A. _ fa nm Innes Kane Fund 210 I Tnum 8 Bucha, H. C. 271 Buchnera elongata Bulb-habits of ilies, The bulbs and 25 ups and bulb-habits of lilies, The Bulbs, Naturalizing 217 uller, A. H. Renaldo Bulletin of The New York Botani- cal Garden 266 Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 268 319 Bumelia angustifolia 171; reclinata 199 Burgess collection of Asters, Be- quest of the 267 Burgess, Edward S. 267, 2 Burgess, Mrs. Edward S. 267, 268 Burnham, S. H. , iT yrsonima lucida 225 Cabeza de Mare vl Nunez, 153 Caldwell, Guy C ciate m. Cainpantila Medium eee persicifolia Canavali maritima 87 Canna flaccida 17 Capnoides sempervirens 121 Cardi mum 115 Cat te pA rk 1 rere ee oe: rosea 160 Caulerpa 13 eanothus ec ene 174 Sei 274, eae ee S Coneenee: tory Range } . 211, 12 Cepia tant a cccdentalis 186 Ce phalotaxus 274, Cerastiu mca 81, 83 Geratiola aides 152 135 qe 83 nie ia Kues na 69; Mique- us monstrosus 68 ceriferus 189 Cheiridopsis 16 Chenopodium ambrosioides 189 Chiococca alba’ 172 Ch th 177; virginica 177 races tree fruiting under glass, 306 Chg anceas occin: 83; pete uliginosum 2 83 s 288 ke 7) 2 - ergamia 135; signal 135; *deliciose 135; Limet 135 Cladophora oie Clark, Willia: mm Evin "83, 213 Clayton, E. E. Cleaves, Howard. Hr 16, 117 On the Long’s Peale Gin 116 ae arborescens I Cle Clinopodiam Ashei Clute, Willard N. Cni ices ras stimasts 172, 175 Coccolobis 227, 228; laurifolia 225 ied tylis loesnoides 167 Coker, We Cc Colchicum aacciiga te Collection of Asters, Bequest of the Burgess 267 Collection a living desert plants, Sherman Hoyt 108 ae also Donors and anges Herter, Guillermo 293 ack, J. G. 12 Gollectars” Exc Collins Trek st Col nes ne agrees 225 Com: 7; angustifolia 172, ae 7, Comment Notes, News, and 17, 48, 73, 94, 116, 136, 182, 213, on 269, 287, 310 Pompeo, R. H. 262; Bee ie flow- of So _ Africa Con Mau: Conference notes fee November 14; for December 15; for January and February 94; for March 113; 320 for April 115; for November 306 Conophytum 16 Conservatory Rang 279, 3! e No. 1 111, 276, , 307; Range No. 2 115, 136, 310 Convalfia majalis 83 Eonoalds a = Cook, ie T. 10, Pu cations Pais eae year 88 ore 152 Coreopsis aurea 175; lanceolata 83; Tonecolate grandiflora 82; Leaven- thii t, Farming for bouquets on Cottonsella coe Couch, J. Coulter, john te 48, 1 The nt satis of organic Cuthbertia graminea Cyathea dealbata a Iredale 68 Cynoxylon floridum Cyrtopodium 188 Daemonorops periacanthus 68 Daffodils 49, 288 Dahlia collection, The 1928 211, sah Dahlias (19: oe Additions to collection of ablias from seed, own 207 ae Pesala Das: Decwiats barbara 172 Deering, Charles io 201, 231, 235 Deringo! thamnus pulchellus 201 ae 245 Delphengum Ba, 83; formosum 82; hybridum 80 Dee during December, ec nd The Mrs. Sher- oyt collection a living Desmothamnus were Or, 176 Vaca, Alvar Nunez Cabeza 153 Dianthus plumarius eae pebeetabilts 2 Dickenson, Jonathan 154, 197 Dicta: arene ee 3 Digitalis pur Diospyros 1 76 Dipholis saltcifolia 185, 225 ischoriste 174 Dobroscky, ae ne 27 Dodge, B. O. 73, ae 303 Doellingeria rea ta 163 Dombeya 2. Don ned “Gee Beee Collectors and Ale R. 295 Alling, c Louis 212, 296 American ad seum of Natural History Barnhart, if HL 147, 312, 314, Beattie, R. oe 293 ae Otto i Birch, Geeree 3. 242 oo Ribbon Dahlia Co. a12, foo ogusch, E, R. Hon, "Mrs. w. z 121, 148 , 311, 312 Gardens 212. ihe Ralph W. 296 W. E. 240 oan Ge eoree A. 121, 204 abliadel Nurseries 212, 295 293 avis, W. T. egener, Otto 122 enslow, H. w, H. M. rat, I oe Frederick E.'2 2, 206 s Dahlia Panne ae 296 Du Bois, J. E. 212, 296 Eaton, Mar 121 Elliott, Harrison 121 Ferguson 121, 122, 293 Field Museum of Natural His- Fischer, N Fisher & Masson 212, 295 Fox, Mrs. M. 312 ae Dahlia Gardens 212, Frey, Conrad 212 Gruber, C. L. 121, 293 a H Isey, A. 121 Harding, John 212, Haynes, Caroline C. 121, 293 Hollick, Arthu I, 12: Holzinger, J. 4. Hunt’s Gardens 239 mp, J. A. 212, 29 Kennedy Gardens 239 Kennedy, Mrs. Sinclair 294 Kunderd, - 239, 242, 243 urz, Hermann 294 T: Leckie, Mrs. C. R. Stewart 212, 20% Leén, Brother 120, 121, 315 Mannetto Hill Nurseries 212, oe Max 293 MeCarfol, 7 212, 206 eae B. ee a Agence In- ian o National Museum of Canada 120 Norton, J. B. S. 212, 296 Patin, Charles, 306 Peckham, Mrs. E. A, S. 313, 16 errin, C. 240 eed, Char 5 eychler, Lucie 4 indfleisch, Herman 212, 296 ockledge Gardens 2 ooney, Ralph J. 240 caeland Gardens 240 owe, Jac! anford, va 240 chmidt, Alfred J. 12 ltsam, William , 205 heffeld Bulb Farm 296 mith, Elmer D. 308 Smith, James 212, 296 Saathecrt Bros. 240 Still, Geo. D. 239 Stout, A, B. 120, 296 Success Dahlia Gardens 212 Sunnyside Gladiolus Gardens Sunset View Glad Gardens 239 Thomas, Arie — rgis 316 Thorpe, Balu Triangle Farm United States Neocon Museum 121 Vasseur, L. von Rodeck, Peds 2, 205 ite’s Gardens, Ine. 212, 296 i .W. 100 I Ye Dracocephalum denteculatum 190, Den eropters spinulosa 79 Drypetes keyensis 225; lateriflora 208, 225 Eaton, [Mary E.] 1 Echinops ckaltatus 83° Edison, Doctor ‘Small Coépera- ton with Mr. Edison, Mrs. Thomas EB , Thomas A. Me an ae 104, 152 "sy n Johan 243, Eaan ide, ry, Sve 244, 270 Baru grandis 95 horridus 69; Leh it 695 villos' pe Encyclia tanipe ensis 206, 2: Ephedra 90 E Erickson, Eugene T. 271 Erigeron glabellus 83 Eryngium 115 Erythrina 229; arborea 206; ete Fete noo 87; her. Beatie Globulus 135 Euchema isiforme 121 Eugenia 115 Euonymus americanus 158 Eupatorium capillifolium 189, 193; coelestinus Evans, Alexander W. 269 Evolution, i The present status of or- ganic I 322 Exchanges (see also Collectors and Donors) a Pein College, Ames, Tow Aggilira eet Sta- of Spain 293 205 Corrigan, Thomas 296 Dern Otto 2 204 of Agriculture, 12: Gra aan Herbert P. 296 Grout, A. 2 Hahn, ny, J. 2 Harvard Sriversity 122, 295 Hoffstadt, Frank ee Holzinger, M. Howe, Marshall ae am Latimer, Mrs, ee ams 295 Leonard, E, Manz, Ludwig i 00 McDonald, Mrs Edythe 296 National THerbarium of Vic- toria 203 New Zealand Institute 316 Orton, W. A. 296 Parella, A. 205 Pomona yee Pg Record, S. J. 2 Rikesmuseuri, Stockholm 121 204 , Ritter, | a 2 Rose, J. N. Royal Botanicd Gardens, Kew Sch hilling, Mrs. Grace 296 Sa aes oF o oe ene i a 205 Stant ord Universit Taylor, sereee Rondotoh 2 m4 United States National r- barium oS United States National Museum 120-122, 293-295 Universitetets Botaniske Mu- seum 420 University of California 204 University of Geneva 125 ver b Yale Uni ersity 1 Exogonium aycratur 87 Farming for aa on The Coie dAzur Farrand, (Pivingston] 102 Fay, Dolores 21 Federation of horticultural interests projected, A pe 1 72 Felt, E. P. Insects of shat trees and or- mentals 1983 brevifolia Fields historic and ae Bo- tanical 149, Findlay, H. Firestone, Harvey S. 93 Be Eugen ne N. 183 scher, ee 12 hehe ly Fissidens taxiotius 147 Fissipes acaulis 2 Fitz patrick, IL. mM i sigh Viera neo-caledonica Blora of the Catskill Macnidiay 8 =a! Flower, cling a national 20: vow Show, Azaleas at hese on Flowers of South Africa, The wild “250 ockea ¢ a ogg, Jr, or an 269 Fontaniedo, oe ‘de anak Force S. A. 18 Vorestry ane agriculture in Porto Ric For: arhia cueonedia 85; intermedia spectabilis 81 ae ardeni 158 ouquicria paar Itt rouge International Congress of Entomolo, ey 269 Fraser, John 150 Tend erolieine 173, 195 Frithia 16, 17 Fritillaria imperialis 222 ry, nry Fry, Henry J. 116, 140 How to study ferns 140 Fulling, Edmund H. 70, 277 A Tecataloguing of the Pinetum 273 : Publications during the year 1927 88 The Imperial Gardens at Sch6nbrunn 61 Gager, C. Stuart 18 Gaillardia neers 83 oS tia regularis 163 A. P. . a Competition, The awards ‘and priz ne plans in the Small 77 . Gardening,” Sherlock’s “City and Suburban 308 ee at Schénbrunn, The Im- 61 Gavitheria procumbens 8: mpervirens 157 Geobalanus incanus 175 Og oO a SS § Be Gies, 26) cae a 234 Gin 275 ae. sel 288; atroviolaceus 126; byzantinus 126; cardinalis 126. carmineus 126; communi 126; cuspidatus 129; acoce- phalus 128, 243; floribundus 126; Garnieri 243; Leichtlinii 243; Masoniorum 243; Mel 243; Papilio 127, 243; primulinus 126, 128, 243, 260; psittacinus . psittacinus Cooperi 243; purpureo- auratus 1 artinianus 243; recurvus : dersii 127, 243; segeti Gladiolus gro e New York eH nical Sees ie List of Glatolus, wild and cultivated 125 Gleason, H. A. 14, 48, 95, 141, 269, 288, 303 Publications during the year with Cook, M The pe trees of California 141 oe Gliick, Glycine cee Ve, 193 Glypotostrobus 277 naphalium eau 233 ordonia 176; Wie anthus 1 205 rinnellia americana 136 towing dahlias from Seed 207 uaiacum sanctum 2 = anaes a ida ry psophi baniculace 82, 83; pa- nicalata | flare: plena 82 Halimeda Opuntia 120 Hall, H. M. 95 Hamamelis virginiana 158 S. H,, ee during 27 71 arper, - 44, 138, 310 arrisia oo ‘Simpsonii 227 82 skell, Mr. & Mrs. A. J. 27 en, c a Haz ee y E. 48, 118 ing in Trinidad 118 Hein, Tilo 69 ne 83; autumnale 83; vern- Helianthella Hosa se 190 Helianthus -floridanus tuberos Helovonun 188; Leavenworthii 178, 187, 190, 199; polyphyllum 175; ple Hemerocallis 14, 15, 2135 flava 82; fulva oe uae 1 83 Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau, “The Hewes sanguinea alba 80 ag grandiflorus 188; Trionum nae eee M. 182, 270 Hieraciu: ne ree Hippocrates volubilis 225 Historic and p agrees Botanical fields ae Bs, 2 Hitchcock, A. S. og Hof, Anne 18 Home planting, The selection of shrubs for 10 324 Hollick, Arthur 17, 115, 138, 182, 269, 282, 306 = ite oak killed by lightning 139, Publications during the year 1927 The story of as redwoods 281 Holmes, F, O. i 3 Mrs. Frances W. Horticaltural interests araieeed: A national feder of 72 Hosta Berea yee 8 ee ae C. 7: Hou; nok Horie e ae Ferns Houstonia 161; ro’ otunifola 161 e, Marshall 93, III, 113, 139, a "26 : 8, 303, tie coe dahlia collection 21 Do ctor Small’s cosperation with Mr. Edison 92 Joseph Edward Kirkwood 266 Ornamental plants of the sea 130 Publications during the year 927 89 The Mrs Sherman Hoyt living desert Bilal Hoyt Zollection of living ee plants, The Mrs. A. Sherman 108 262 Hyperic n fasciculatum 177, 189 Ibidium cernuum 164; laciniatum I Icacorea paniculata oe Ichthyomethia 206, Tlex Cassine 157, 7 16: 3 decidua 157; ] I opaca 157; serrata argutidens 71; vomitoria 157, I71 Ilvessalo, Y. 18 Tlysant! thes grandiflora 201 Imperial Gardens at Schénbrunn, he 61 ee quinquefolia 86; sagittata Iris. 115, 288; chrysographes 237; dichotoma 238; flexilis 91; foliosa 238; estii 237; fulva 91, 238; germanica 80, 83; Hoogiana 235; Kaempferi 236, 237; Korolkowi 235; laevigata 237; longipetala 238; Lortetii 235; missouriensis 238; ochroleuca 238; orientalis 237; Dee oh 238; Pseuda- corus 91, 238; rivular. narum 199; Snrevei gl 237; susiana te tripetala 91; versicolor 238; vini- color 91; Wilsoni 2. Irises, Japanese and Suehan 235 Jaca en mimosaefolia 200 ee r Curtiss 1 apne and ee irises 235 Jasminum grandiflorum 135; humile 86 Jay, an oo 77, 79 ime ‘Oton n 85 sen, ohn ee Kone ee The 210 oe Saag W. 9 ohns. os ohnsom john E 18 Jones, Leon e rl Jordan, Hilda : a 280; squi virginiana 81 it speruvians 178 juamata Kane, Annie C. 2 Kane ee The. John. Innes 210 n Innes Kelley, Arthur . 18, Kephart, i Ra Keteleeri Kilpatrick: Va Evrie 302 Kirk ee fleets Edward 266, 267 dson, [Lewis] 102 ve ie altheaefolia 188; oe Kramer, Krauhnia fea 158; sinensis 155 Bue’ Yushun a nkel, ae oO. ie aes of plants 19 Rae Ma: ae on Lamini Agardhii Taner: ‘slide colection, Mrs. Brit- ton and the 305 Lanugia 104; latifolia 104 rix Tut aah Tate T as eat 135 Lecture Abstract IO, 19, 45, 70, III, II6-11 Po 130, 136, 140, 141, 8 185, 2 235, 249, 281, 282, Lectres 48, 116, 138, 212, 268, 310 Lectu and demonstrations during Dec Lee, Brederic S 42-44 Leining, O. N. 2' 271 Lemaireocereus Thurberi 109 schkin, W. E. 18 Libocedrus ibrary accession: 7) oo 15 to Novemher 15, 1927 96; vember 15, 1927 to March 31, Ber ae April 1 to October 31, 1928 Library of Dr. J. H. Barnhart pur- cued fe (continued), Books @ 20, 74, 122, 143, 214, 246, Life. zones of the Rocky Mountains 282 Ligustrim vulgare 79 Lilies, The bulbs and bulb-habits of 25 Liltum 33; auratum 33, 36, 40, 83; re _ nderi 30, 32; bulbiferum 40; Limonium late 3 Liquidambar styraciflua 173 List of Gladiolus gown at The Botanical Garden, 1928 239 Lithops 16 Livingston, Burton E. Lobelia paludosa 162, aes 98, 190; gessiltfolis during the yea with Pendleton, L & ae ‘a R. 8&6 Lonicera uefa 81 Lorinseria oes r candica ; diffusus 165: polyphyltus oe Lycium carolinianum 171 rates ba ae msis 225 Lythru Magnolia foetida 162, ik ¥71, 1733 virginiana aot aoe 199 Malu re Manns, : Mar quand, Mee Gay 304 Martin, G. Hamilton 271 Martin, Wm. H, 272 Matthias, Mildred 18 Maximiliana crassispatha 245; regia W. Callan, E. "a 270 , AW. 2 ay : McKee, R. H., Publ oa during the year 1927 with Schreiner, E. J, & Stout, A. B. McLean, Forman T. 116, 130, 183, 243, 260, 270, 304 ceeds us, wild ‘and cultivated List of Gladiolus grown at The New York Botanical Carden 1928 2 239 Stu Mente and teachers of all ages visit The New York Bo- ical Garden 302 Medgger, ‘Oliver Perry 119, of the Catskill “Moun. oa Laie ‘Azedarach 8s, 160 Men 120; April a May 184; June 184; July 245; August 272; san r 272; October 289; Nov 320 Meteorology for the year 1927 19 Michaux, Andr , Miller, Le Milletia 2, imosa Puc 229 Mimusops 115; emarginata 115 Mitchella repens 174 nee P. de Visit of a distinguished student of willows 243 Mojave Desert 108110 Mollia sphacrocarpa 88 Moore, B. 87 ew during the year 1927 with Briton, N. L. 87 Morenia Lindeniana 69 Morgan, T. H. Morongia angustala 162, 104 B. Y. 116 158; Munsoniana 185 Muscart eae 85 ro, and rbarium 120, 293 Mycolo 16, 310 Myos ots “sylvestris 79 Narcissus 83; Bulbocodium 52; cyclamineus 52; Leedsii 220; minimus 52; pocticus 79, 220; triandrus 52 National Association of Gardeners 288 National federation of horticultural interests projected, 72 National flower, Selecting a 209 Naturalizing bulbs 217 Nerine sarnicnsis “261 Nevius Oleander New method of Mate identi- fications of fossil leaf remains, A 115 News, and Comment, Notes 17, 48, 73, oe a1¢ 139, 182, 213, 244, 269, 287, New ork Botanical oo us (sec also Collectors, BQ, 207, 200, ae 20, 70, 96, 120, ee 246, 290, 311 Herbarium, Muscums and 120, 203 Library 96, 147, 311 Library of Dr. J. H. Barn- hart purchased 1926 (con- tinued) 20, 74, 122, 143, 214, 246, 290 pee and Herbarium , 203 Addisonia. 78, 103, 115, 306 Conference notes 14, 15, 94, 113, 06 155, Dahlia cyan 211, 2h) Le aes 6, 138, ae 268, Lit “of Gladiolus grown at the 239 Meteorology 19, 73, 74, 120, 142, 184, 245 272, 310 16, oles, News, 48, 73, 94, 116, 139, 182, 213, 244, 260, 287, 310 eae "A recataloguing of the 273 ee of the staff, schol- nd students cueing the 927 85 Hesclusicn ns relative the aa of Doctor Frederic S. o The 42 py Garden C ame io, The and pri nning , New fe ou, 116, 13, 1R2, wong on marine eae from Brazil and Hudson Bay Nothoscordium ico Nuttall, Thomas 2, 4, 6 Nymphaea 223 a Ot; sylvatica 173 Oak killed by lightning, A white 179 Ocotea Catesbaei 225 ae fiaerocarna 83 Olea europaca 1 Olms ted Brothers 43 327 Oncidium 188 Oncoba echinat On the a Peak t rail 116 Opuntia 171, 230; Bigelovi III: Dillenii 227; lata 174; Polla rdi I Oreodoxa 9; oleracea 4; regia 2, Ornamental wae of the sea 136 Orontiw Orton, c. 271 oe Oliver 213 Osm: 5 Ovetholts, L. O. 18 Oxypolis 295; filiformis 201 Pachysandra terminalis 83 Pack, Dean A. 18 160 a 82, 83 aim oe regia, The Royal- icum st: eerie 293 Papaver nudicaule 83 Parictaria floridana 172, 188 Parkinsonia microphylla 111 Sodas II hinesi a sters 183 0 Mrs eeler H.] 50, 116, 131-133, 135, 139, 182, 212, 222 Farming for bouquets on Céte d'Azur 130 Naturalizing bulbs 217 Publications during the year 7 9 Pelargonium capitatum 135 Peltandra 158 Pendleton, I. 86 Publications during the year 1927 with Boynton, K. R, & Loines, H. 86 Pennell, F. W. 2 Pentstemon australis 172; multi- florus 175 Peoriee 288 Peperomia 202; obtusifolia 202, 203 Perry, _ P. 271 lia Johans 114 Philadelphu us CO: ponarids 79, 81 Philodendron giganteum 69; Sel- leum 69 Phlebodium aureum 206 Phlox 82, 83, 249; amoena 82; amplifolia 295; ’arendsit sii Vioae canadensis 82, 250; Drummondii 162, 9; floridana 174 glaberrii 251; zii 168; ovata 250; paniculata 80, 251, 252; pilosa 250; reptans 250; stoloni- fera 250 lata 250; subulata Iba lata 82 suffrutic poteee me I hragmite: Pyles ‘Garber 234 Phytolacca Piaropus ee es 199, 223 i 275; pungens glauca 279; gens Kosteri 279 Pie sel, 94 Pilea "micropinylia 174 Pin oe ee of the 273 274, 27 Pis stacia v 05 45 Plants of the sea, “Ornamental 136 Plants that are attractive in fruit Plants, The Mrs. A. Sherman A hort collection of liviig desert 1 Pleiospil os 16 Pleistocene plant Cuba 115 Eines odorata 186; purpurascens remains from Pl ieee aya 230 Fedor 4 Pogonia 12 Polianthes Aubeesia 135 Poirault, Georges Pollen. era in oe ogy in Estation ue ane of species of er 188; Baykini i 168; Cartert 190; cumu) icola 197; cymosa 190; lutea 164, 178, 190; ramosa 178; Rugelii 175, 178, 190, I Po iu Polyrhiza Linden: Polystichum adiantifenwie 47 Ponce de Leon, Juan 151, 153 Pontederia 178; cordata 162 328 Poronia leporina Porphyra 113; pe crfotatd Porto Rico, Forestry and steak ture in I0 Prehistoric, Botanical fields, historic and 149, 185, 223 Present status ‘of organic evolution, the 111 Pridham, Alfred M. S. 212, 259; Phlox 2. mula Japonica 82; po! lyantha 82 Bare: -winning plans in the 1928 Small Garden Competition, The nd Pteris 115; ernie 158 ions of the att scholars, and stu dea nts of The New York Botanical Garden during the year 1927 85 Public os during Febru i March 48; April a Nay 116; June and July 138; A august and September 212; October oe 268 a Granatum 135 Pues "Robert 72 Pyrethrum roseum 80 Pyrus floribunda 81 Quercus 167, 201; Chapm ae 193; oa a ‘minima } ser- ; ber 135; aa ee Eduardo 182 Raimannia Drummondii 229 Rankin, W. H. 271 193; guianensis 185 A. 285 The herbarium of Eugene A. 204 Recataloguing of the Pinetum, A 273 Recent exploration in Florida 115 Redwoods, a story of the 281 Reed, ae rge M. 138, 23 Jap and Siberian Irises Resgluticns relative to the services of Doctor Frederic S. Lee to oe New York Botanical Gar den Rhabdadenia bicolor 225 Rhapidophyllum 164; Hystrix 156, 165, 167, 231 204 Cotinus 81; Riccia oad "oullivantii 120; tricho- carpa 121 ae Herbert Maule 48, 137, chards, ae . egies 182 Rise Victor H. The clecaon of shrubs for’ home planting 10 Rimaria 16 | Rivina hum Robbins, ie en 70 Robins, Col. and Mrs. Raymond 173 Rock Garden Rocky Mountains, Life zones of the 2 Rosa boners 135; Hugonis 81; Ros Garden 276, 278 Rose, Henry R. 48 Rose, J. N. 87, 113, 130, 140 Publications during the year 1927 87 with Britton, N. L. 87 Roses 288 Rosmarinus officinalis 135 Royal-Palm—Roystonea regia, The I Re a 6, 188 ; Tegia I, Royones ee The Rovak Palm 1 ucidus "905 trivialis ms Rudbeckia floridana 190, 201; osa 8. Ruellia 174, 229; parviflora 200, 201 es 204 Rusby, H. H. 245, 287 Barrett’s “The Tropical Crops” eci- Fuubleations during the year 8 Russell. 2 G. Rydberg, P. A. i 138, 284, 30. wee pone of the Rocky Moun- ains Publications during the year 1927 90 Sabal 157, 164, 201; Etonia 177; Jamesiana 91; minor 165, 167; P; pele 167, 168, 177, 195, 198, 207, 223, 233; texana OI 329 Sabbatia campanulam 100; Eli- otti 173, 188; foliosa 201; iors flora 189, I90 Sabina 138; ‘Sticicola 173, 20 punicea £7 Sagitraria Qepmantt 21; Lone tolia 92, 162 Salix i160 grandiflora = coc- cimea 195; Sclarea £2, 1 18; nae ar; Stmpsoni_ 198 EL 188 a 1373 coor pr Omamen ata plane’ yz th Seaver, Fred J. 15, 17, ms pe ete 303, 306 Publicatio: ms dumng the year 1927 90 with Wheizel, H. HL & Wes- cozt, Cor > spectabile Seed, Growing dahlias irom 297 Plants and 205 Selectmg a national flower Selection of shrubs for fe plani- The 10 ¥G2, 167, 193, 2. 234 Services of Doctor Frederic S$. Lee to The Ne ow York Bovanical ( Asc Seichell rv. Al Tua oe Seymoar, F_ C95 LD. 7 ae 3 2s2 Siberian Irises, Jananese and 235 Sideroxyion 231 oa ouba glauca 19 Sal, John Re ae Pg 303, 235 New York Bi a pe Sea ing the year 1927, Publications of the 85 Stahia monosperma 339 Standley, Paul C. Story of the redwoods, T he 281 Stout, A. B. oe oe 114, 116 40, 212, 213, 268, 303, 308, 309 Conference Notes for Novem- e 5 Ww ca oO o er 30! Publications during the year 1927 QI, 92 with re : @ OG Schreiner, E. J. or Sherlock's “City and Suburban Gardening” 308 eu ue and bulb-habits of 25 Students and teachers of all ages ay Dice York Botanical Ga Hen Students ts The New York Bo- rden during the year tanical Ga 1927, Publications of the staff, scholars, and 85 77 Syringe ersica 81, 85; vulgaris 70, Takezaki, Yoshinori 95 Tamala 176 Tanaka, Tyozaburo 182, 270 Tate, G. ie : 05 Taxitheliu Tarodites ae Taxodium 274, 275, 281; distichum I Taxus 274, 275; media 264 Taylor, Norman 288 ark of all ages visit The New ork Botanical Garden, Students 302 TPetietiurs Nashii 204 Thalictrum acu re olla 82; dip- oe Thompson, Doctor a Bifman 13, Thrinax ferruginea 69; parviflora 208, 22; Thuja 274, 275, 277 ld 277 vine ats 135 Tillenda 115; Balbisiana 225; fasciculata 206, 225; recurvata 176; tenuifolia 206 oes ta 206, 225; Valenz aay ana 225 Pent ee orace M. 1 so mn Horace M. on radians 137, 158 Tracyanthiis 163, 164, Tradescantella ene “ Tra idee escantia longifolia 176; reflexa 162 Trema floridana 185 Trich olaena 223 rosea 197 Trifolium carolinianum 161; repens 161 Trinidad, Botanizing in 118 aad europaeus 83 cal Crops,” Birveit’s “The 285 Fees 274, 275 Tulipa 83; sylvestris 221 Talis planted in 1928 299 qumion 274, cat Baiferuin 18 Typha angustifolia 175 Ulmus floridana 167 Unio ee 22! Ure a lobata 189 Urtica Ger teaoess Utricularia Beajaminiana + Fi 3 inflata 162; macrorhiza 158 Vaca, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de 153 Vaccinium 1 76 arrelman, Pr A, 213 Verbena 197, 229; maritima 197, 234; venosa 8 Viburnum 158; dentatum 81; L . 8s; nudum 199; obovatum pulus ao Nagas ulum 86 Vicker TS See Vigna repens 233 331 Vin 160 Viola cornuta 79, 82; odorata 135 orna Baldwinii 189; 160 vow diseases of plants Visit ae distinguished suident of illo $ 243 Vitis 1 Waite, a B. 2 Waite, W. » 209 Growing “dahias from seed 207 Wallace, Mr. & Mrs. Errett 271 Walter, Thomas 149 Warner, Marjorie 18 Warscewiczia coccinea 245 Watsonia A: e1 26; Weatherby, 82 .& Publications during the year 192 7 h. Seaver, Fred J. 9 Wescott, Cynthia 182 Wherry, Edgar T. 95, 138, 182, 210, Selecting a national flower 209 Whetzel, H. H. 18, 269 Publications during the year 1927 91 with Seaver, Fred J. and Wescott, C. 91 White a killed’ by lightning, A 179 4 oe flow: of South Africa, The Willams R. S., Publications during the Y 1927 92 ill a 1 Vis “t a distinguished student of 2 Wilson, E. HL ioe 245 eae i Publications during the 7 92 Wister, oni C. 18, 61, 72, 95 Daffodils 49 Wodehouse, R. P. 94, 114, 303 Xanthoxalis recu 160 Xolisma fraticosa sees 193 Xyris 188; fimbriata 176 Yucca 227, 230; filamentosa 81, 176, 200; Whipplei 111 Zamia, 171; ne $9, 165, 200 nate chia aethio So a 3 PUBLICATIONS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Journal of The New York Botanical Garden, pou: containing notes, news, and nee -technical articles ree to member of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a ye ar. Now i in its fete volume. Mycologia, cae devoted to fungi, including lichens; $4.00 a year; single eopics not for sale. [Not offered in Weeohan eed Now in its twen- tieth volume. Addisonia, quarterly, devoted ereusyely. to colored plates accompanied by popular descriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in a name thirty-two in each volume. Sabecaintion price, $10.00 a [Not offe hange. me Bulletin of The New York Botanical Garden, containing reports of the Director-i He -Chief and other official oceans, and Be ee, articles em- bodying results of inuestien tions. Free to all member the Garden; to orth American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North Amer- ica, including Greenland, ihe est ae or and Central America. Planned to be c mpleted in 34 volumes. rac ecliunie to consist of four or more parts. arts no Joey * Su bscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of Bereeaies parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden. Price to member the Garden, vols. I-VI, $1. 20 per volume; to others, $3.00. Vol. VII, $2. es to members; to others Vol. I. An AE eualaane of the Flora of Montana and the Yel- lowstone. Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix-+ 492 pp., with detailed map. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Devel- opment, by D. T. MacDougal. x 320 pp., with 176 figur 190, Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Conifer Hs Remains from eae ville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. xiii 138 pp., with 29 plates. 19009. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii+ 478 pp., wit 73. figures and a4 plates. 1908. Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New York: A Co peieation tg Plant Geoerapi, by Norman Taylor. vi-++ 68. 3 ae with 9 plates 1. VI. Papers Byesenied at the Celebration of the Taonice Anni- ee of The New York Bee Garden. viii-+504 pp., with 43 plates and many text figures. Vol. VII. Includes New Nees ptycene from Porte ee by Ie Gardner; The Flower Behavior of Avocados, by A. B. Stou ae Biological perl ion of the Amazon Valley, 1921-1922, by H. H. Rusby; and The Flora of the Saint Eugene eee Kootenay Valley, British Co- ieaibia, by eee Hollick. viii-+ 464 pp., with 47 plates, 10 charts, and II text-figures. 192 Contributions from The New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- nical papers written by students er members of the staff, and bepanted from journals other than aie eae Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per ame. In the thirteenth v THE NEW YORK penuh ers GARDE nx Park, New York City GENERAL INFORMATION ae of the leading features of The New York Botanical Garden ur hundred acres of Peau Giver dae land in the northern part of Tee City of New York, through which flo yee ine Bronx River. A native hemlock forest is one of the ene of the Plantations ef thousands of native and pee: trees, shrubs, and flowering plan Gardens, cola Ae beautiful rose garden, a rock garden of rock- loving plants, and fern and herbaceous gardens. Greenhouses, containing thousands of interesting plants from America and peaien countri peal ft shows heed ghout the year—in the sprin 1g, summer, and autumn displ of narcissi, daffodils, Bilin, irises, peonies, roses, lilies, water- ies ,sladiol dal deblias, anes chrysanthemums; in the winter, displays of g pla im, ¢ ee anune exhibits ee fossil plants, existing plant families, local plants, pecirrig within one hundred miles of the City of New York, and the nomic uses of plan ae n he rhacium, COME SDE: more than one million specimens of Amer- nr and foreign spec Exploration in aineveat parts of the United States, the West Indies, Central end South America, for the study and collection of the character- istic flor: Scientific research in laboratories and in the field into the diversified problems of plant life. A library of botepiea piitereture, comprising more than 37,000 books and numerous pamphlet Public lectures on a ieee variety of botanical topics, continuing threwehont the year. Publications o aipeeantes subjects, partly of technical, scientific, and partly of aeailae interest. The education eh ache ol children and the public through the above features and the giving of free information on botanical, horticultural, “a forestal subject ee he Garden is dependent upon an annual appropriation Bl the City of New York, pri lee Nae ne membership fees. It and member: possesses now nearly t and applications for membership are alee Fas The classes of membership are: Bonelatter single STAR $25,000 Patron single contributio 5,000 Fellow for Li . single contri shatiod 1,000 ember for Life single contribution 250 Fellowship Member .. annual fee 100 Sustaining Member sone fee 25 er ual fee Contributions to the Garden may ne aoa from taxable incomes. The following is an ai a form of bequest I hereby bequeath to The York Botanical Gunde incorporated under the Laws of New York, en "985 of 1891, the swum of ———— All requests for further information should be sent to THE aay York BoTanicaL ee ONX PARK, NEW YORK CITY s)