: i Oe
Ae z is
= E <20
JournaL
OF
Toe New York Botanica, GarpEN
VoLuME XXI, 1920
PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE Davip Lypic Funp
BEQUEATHED BY CHARLES P, DaLy
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
HENRY ALLAN GLEASON
Assistant Director
VoLtumEeE NXXI With 12 PLares
1920
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 4: Nortu Qugen Srreer, Lancaster. Pa ay Tua Naw Era Painrinc Company
THE NEW ERR ERINGING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA,
OFFICERS, 1920
Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSON
Vicr- acne EDWARD D. eee
Trea: —JOHN L. MERRIL
Asereiant TreasuRER—HENRY BE LA MONTAGNE Sxceetary—N. L, BRITTON
1, ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires ead
EWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS REDERIC R. NEWBOLD GILMAN THOMPSON
N. L. BRITTON HENRY W. vz FOREST W. J. MATHESON
Term expires January, 1922 PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY
MURRY GUGGENHEIM
Term expires pare
EDWARD D. s oye a “MERRILL ROBERT W. vr FOREST ae oF hee DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STO
z. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tu Mayor oF THE om oe New Yor HON. JOHN F. LAN Tue PRESIDENT oF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS ee R. A. HARPER, Chairman EUGENE P, BICKNEL PROF. F E DR. NICHOLA SafURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J. G: PR PROF, JAMES F. KE PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
FF DR. a ee Bee Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) AL EASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. soHN K SHALL, neue ee r of the Mas i
DR. : GEORGE V. ee ‘ead Gardener an oF Piaiaiions DR. ae Director of the Dorciovies DR. youn HENDLEY LOW. Let Bibliographe SARAH H. HARL bl ‘arian . H. RUSBY, rt a of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary ig ait of ae 55OS DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator or Fas it Planes DR. WIL! : soe
eer
ROESBECK, C ea 7 rCOnaerr. ten ntenden: t of Buildings aad Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, J. Horace Harding, Eben E. Olcott, Fritz Achelis, J. Montgomery Hare, Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Edward D. Adams, Edward S. Harkness, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Charles B. aes mae . A. Harper, hipps, Vincent J. Amory Haskell, R. Pierson, John W. foci caies Tt. A. Havemeyer, James R. Pitcher, George F. Baker, A. Heckscher, Ira A. Place, Stephen Baker, Bernhard Hoffmann, Hon. ‘Anning S. Prall
dmund L, Baylies, Henry R. Hoyt, harles F. Rand, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Archer M, Huntington, Ogd Reid, Eugene P. I, drian Iselin, win A. Richard, C.K. G. Billings, Dr. Walter B. es, Pro ichards, George Blumenthal, Walter B. Jennings, John D. Rockefeller, George S. Brewster, Otto H. Kahn, William Rockefeller, Prof, N. L. Britton, rof. James F, Kemp, W. Emlen Roosevelt, Prof. Edw. 5. , arwin P. Kingsley, rof. H. z Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Ww. pile e, ir. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof, W.H. Carpenter, Dr. Ledoux, 01 hiff, Prof. C. F. Chandler, sae Petre ‘a Le, Albert R. Shattuck, William G. Choate, Adolph Lew: Henry A, Siebrech Hon. W. A. Clark, Kenneth K, ee William Sloane, Cc. A. Coffin, V. Everit Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, Samuel i Edgar L. Marston, Jame: er, Edmund C. Converse, . J. Mai ni, ‘rederick Strauss, Marin Le Brun Cooper, Dr, William H. Maxwell, F. ae is Paul D. Cravath, eorge Mi eny, Cleveland H. Dodge, Emerson McMillin, Cha: ne e Sioa pson, Samuel W. Fairchild, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Dr.W. Gil Iman Thompson, William . Field, Joho L, Merrill, yl cy, J B. ; Ogden Mills, Louis C, Tiffany,
enry W. de Forest, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Felix M. Warburg, Robert W. de Forest, j. pga, Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, Prof. W. J. Gies, Dr. Li R. Morris, H. H. We: Sasi Daniel enhei Tisiess " oes Bronson rop,
C.D. Nort
Murry ee Grenville ie Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Mrs. Robert Bac Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Miss Harriette Rogers, Miss eee aia Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Ro ava Mrs. L, Britton, Mrs. A. A, Li Mrs. Bens . Sloan, Mrs. se D. Dickey, Mra, Charles MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, rs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, . r, Mrs. Rob 5 enry Marquand, Thompso1, rs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perki Ma: Cabot Ward. Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
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‘
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No, 241. JANUARY.
The Ai Method Breeding
December ST Goats ath:
Accessions SRR N So aitien Tecate vaca!
No. 242. FEBRUARY.
Of Grottoes and Ancient Dunes The me Pimento 0 - Jamaica bud ctectues Ducat: rican Iris Society :
Conference Notes Notes, D
ACCESSIONS 2 ie2.e8 oie sleet Pk Gg es Ay
243. Marcu.
Of eum and Ancient Dunes (continued)
saalieh Woody Plants in The New York a Garden... .............. rence Note: on News and Comment.. . gis estes Bede shicttrt ets feces aed
APRIL.
Publications of the ee Scholars and Students of the New York Botanical
‘dy Woody Plants in the New York Botanical Garden. ae ence Notes ici eeeec hh a eae,
otes, News and Comment...... pete itv an teselc
ailors. do, be ted aide ib ae re by Meadow Mice. Confer rine ee and Comment. Accessions..... 0 .........
o =
viii CONTENTS.
No. 246. June. Trinidad Summer Lectures, 1920.........00. 00000000. eee eee Hardy Woody Plants in a ‘New York Botanical Garden. Notes, News and Commen:
No, 247. Jury. Report on a Recent Trip to British Guiana. . The 7920 0 Dahlia gots der.
Notes,
AccessiOns 6 i0e3 ina hen ad ellen ls watt ays Casa ea aes Sati OP
No. 248. AUGUST. Furt! her Sth $a ee. iene with the Aid of Paraffin
No. 249. SEPTEMBER. In Quest of Lost Cacti George me Perk: Notes, News and Comment. ... 0.0.2.6. 620000 cence ee cence ee
250, OCTOBER.
Notes on the History of the Bearded Iris. ..... oe at Seca Virginia..... oe eee fotes, News and Comment........... 55 wean Hane! bards aceataaes a ie ees
No. 251. NOVEMBER. Report by the Director-in-Chief upon a visit to Botanical Institutions in mgland............-.8 — ig and Comment Access:
No. 252. DECEMBER. Administrative— Act of Incorporation PO ClS, Ga Eee
Constitution ‘ wy ro Peer eee re
Repulations for the Office of Director-in-Chief
Erovieion: i ope uel Membership
of New York for Maintenance. . Notes, News and Comment........ 0 06.0.2 0 cece este teeter ete Index
Vol. XXI January, 1920 No, 241
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
Nie XeNE :
CONTENTS Pacs The Aims and Methods of Plant Breeding. 2... 1... ee et et eee I Conference Notesfor December .. . 2. - +e sun vvererererees 16 CTPORUCHIMMUESCLNEER ON nce ef cc ys ws) ers 8 ee ee me ee 18 Midtes, Mews GnQ°MOMUMENT. 2 be ew tt 19 ea hy nlm ee we ee ew ee ee 21
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 4x NortH Quzen Street, Lancastmr, Pa.
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. ELECTED MANAGERS me expires Hace
N. L. BRITTON WIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. ve FOREST REEDE RIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
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3. SCIENTIFIC each oeia.
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairm EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS ee BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, sect stration)
. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN K a hee Curator of the Museums ( cae Plants) MUR Supervisor of Public Instruction R aes Curator (Flo Pl
eae v. eee ead Gardener and en tor as Pianeine Bos) OUT , Director of the Laboratories DR. “JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, ities rs ARAH H. HARLOW, Librar DR. H. H. RUSB . Honorary Curator of the E serene Concer ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mo. DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plant DR Chemist
wn a cs S a we 3 aS a i~}
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oe
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI January, 1920 No. 241
THE AIMS AND METHODS OF PLANT BREEDING
uring the past three decades much attention has bee!
n paid experimental studies bearing on dity, variation, a evolution. Departments | nd mal breeding (or
now called the science of ‘‘eugenics.” Several popula and fecheal jouraale are devoted wily or in
and books 0 on vari ts of th bj
Pp 3] now numerous. J eb
24} ee es a
me
rather widely pula and very generally read and dis-
e advance of knowledge in several lines of popular and scientific interest has contributed to th
i
d sense, plant breeding through the
selection of seed-parents is as old as the art of agriculture. The 1
2
mic
development of many, if not all, of o under cultivation. Many races of plants especially phe to e needs of man
e of written history. Many species of cult! ivated plants have f
al
iscovery of sex in plants and the development of methods of controlling its Teen that laid the basis of modern plant breeding.
is discovery was ade more or i sadependently by several investigators. An English botanist. in a lectur efore the Royal Society in 1676, very clearly states the fact of bigs ,
any previous eas on this point except those of Sir Thomas Millin:
the year a it was recorded that Thomas Fairchild had
aeas produced by experimental methods a hybrid between
3
the Sweet William and the Carnation. Evidently this is the first hybrid of which there is definite record thus produced be-
pro: oc ferent varieties. e desirability of selecting seed parents from best plants that are kept in isolation from poorer sorts is also emphasize Gaduaily the facts regarding sexuality in plants became more wn to d in pla: nt
dge published records of the time, until during the latter part of = pi :
In Germany, Koelreuter (publications from 1761 to 1766), eae (1828), and Gartner (1849) were conspicuous workers in spe aii ans of plants. The last spent some twenty-
in which
a and Gos: a ene ae to 1837), and Seton con ae
4
important scientific work in hybridization. Meanwhile similar study was being made by French investigators of whom mus be mentioned Sageret ees Locoq (1827-1862), Godron (1844- ee Naud din (1855-1864) and Wichura (1865
uch important some was done by the iybadwes of this pei many? of whom eld views vate in pedvance ot ees time
Beginning with Knight there were those who feted that new important varieties can be obtained through ee ought of i inated b
This is shown especially in the general survey of the entire field made by Gartner (1849). uring this period the work of the plant hybridizéer was held in disrepute in the popular mind and in ecclesiastical circles. It was felt that such endeavor was a es eacuileee ie ne invoked decidedly abnormal . esses. Th hat ti re
reproduction er strong support from the now famous work iati
of cultivated plants. Undoubtedly this work was stimulated by the results of hybridization and the knowledge that cross-
ns, a professor of chemistry and physics at the Uni versity of Louvain, and LeCouteur, of the Isle of Jersey, were
5
evidently the first, or at least among the first, to record the use of intensive methods of selection. Van Mons (m
the most productive, so as to form ck, ae this time he had in cultivation more t 150 vari and subvarieties of wheat rick Shirreff, a Scottish eee as: hose wo
ar employed quite fe same cme ned: of selection in cereals. Still
igree and of testing and comparing the progeny of a line were Saree by Hallett, whose work began about 18
The improvement and development of commercial varieties of the sugar-beet through selection should be mentioned in this
connection existence of sugar in the beet was discovered in 1747 and attempts to start a beet-sugar industry were made s early as 1801 e extraordinary cos ne sugar on the
nce, where e sugar beet was taken up by the firm Vilmoan: Andrieux. Louis de
was based on such characters as size and shape of roots, but later
* On the Varietie: d Cl:
‘Wheat, p. 17.
6
(about 1850) determination of saccharine content became an important factor in determining seed parents. Rather special
methods of ye the Progeny of pedigreed stock were also devise Selection for high sugar the average product of the field crop from 7-8 per cent. to 14-16 per cént and
is has n important factor in the modern eae of i beet-sugar industry. Repeated and regular selection is, h 7 © maintain this average but thi be
ore eae me nods of cae the eee content. breeding
cereals and gagar beet ws was +6 sort out valu abies strains and to keep them pure by preventing cross-fertilization between them or with poorer strains.
nd, to some extent, the scientific point of view
vide: by are continually dey copie eres dais ee cua Mecca * old
tication. It ’ had alway: a heed. an efficient means of improving cultivated h
al plant: and animals. It was apenas oe ue e ac-
y ceptions as to the methods of evolution were advanced, and
ee of conspicuous merit. The other method, known as “mass selection” aimed at the continuous improvement of a
stock as a whole; a number of individuals were involved instead of one in the selection : oe s. Methods of mass selection
beets in Germany and = nce The next great step which contributed to a better understand-
species. : was found that the two sex cells which fuse in fertili- zation contribute, except in special cases, an equal number of these visible units of germ plasm. The plant or animal into
timate the reappearance of the same number of units and their separa-
8
tion into two groups. The resulting spores and later the sex cells possess therefore only half of the number of chromosomes. Fusion of the sex cells in pairs gives again the double number
e germ ate to the individuality of its units, and to the possi-
In general the main are of these observations were well
established by the as 18 e time was t! — most
opportune for the s ae reliscvery of itendel’s s of
hybridization, pean published in The essence of dit
oe conceptions is aa charac are wie units of heredity h by independent eee of germ pings In a hybrid of the first filial generation (abl viated as s Fi), one of a pair of crete Pare ental eel h
tends t d the other recessive
and thus disappears temporarily. Thus the members of this h
characters and had observed that characters often segregate ith de purity in the hybrid offspring a: the second generation usually differs from the firs: eo riation in reappearance of the various parental characters
counts which revealed the evidence that the segregation may, be in a mathematical ratios.
us if the parents crossed differ in two pairs of characters, one a which is dominant from each, the young embryo plants
9
of the F, generation will all exhibit the dominant qualities and the F, will exhibit all combinations of dominant and recessive to Mendel’s i
i upon which the transmission of ee depends ne the
in capitals and the names of recessive characters in small type. Recessive characters come into expression only where they exist free from the paired dominant.
According to Mendelian interpretation the second generation in the case in question should be as follows:
(D 1 (YELLOW YELLOW, ROUND ROUND): ND):
2 (YE g ; ROUND ROUND) 2 (YELLOW YELLOW, ROUND wrinkled) 4 ¢ phe wrinkled): (II) 1 (YELLOW YELLOW, wrinkled oaci. 2 (YEL- Li green, eee wrinkle (III) 1 Lee green, ROUND ROUNDS: 2 (green green, OUND wrinkled):
(IV) 1 poe green, wrinkled wrinkled). In respect to appearance, the plants of the second eR (in this case, the embryos of the seeds produced by the F,) fall
two pairs es: ne mp! sizes ae fact that sister plants of de second hybrid generation
10
which look the same may breed quite differently, and that only a few of them will breed true for the new combinations of parental characte Re to this conception, Sloleeae can not produce w characters. All it can do is to redistribute and recombine
erecting a a pure strain in which new combinations appeared. geny test tablished as the proper test of
TOs the Gubiiess in the tw of germ plas The recognition of dominance and ee makes a secaccen between the
first appearance. Sharp distinction was made, in thought at least, between hereditary variation and non-hereditary variation ue to environment. The simplicity of the original doctrines of Mendelism and of mutation attracted attention. The theory of nates presented adi der: y all
seem ily understood b It was strongly supported by the known facts regarding ger: asm as experimental evid e@ promise o ppearance
gro S there must be units a germ plasm and that the results of hy-
11
bridization must be interpreted on this basis. Many theories Vv.
‘atios outlined above for characters in peas. Most of the ap-
attempts to explain them as due to new reactions between units of germ plasm already present in the paren anwhile abundant evidence has accumulated which shows
uently occu: distinction between ‘‘mutations,’’ slight and continuous variations, a combinations” has become largely one of definition. Furthermore a survey of the best and
most nae cases neested as mutations, sey sua a
single case to Distinct sata Oey arise from a@ common ancestor
y vari of the Darwinian boeing of se tee ponent to be substan- tiated. Research has however established that the germ plasm
12
is the seat in which most of the hereditary changes occur, and
the development of the modern varieties of Dahlia may be men- : : h
ut 6, of the Dehiia in cultivation in the United States. All of these
pl at Natu tio doi i , when aided and pias by man.’’*
hronicle cited which illustrate ae oleae of selection when a wild Beas is submitted to intensive breeding. The can interesting and oe flowered rose-mallows
sold tea rserymen are familiar to many readers of this article, These were re developed 2 hyn two, and possibly three, Soc. of N. ¥., 2: 285-301.
t Pata Varieties of Bae pasate he pie P. Kelly, pees N.Y. Bor. Gar 16: 179-191.
138
wild spec: The hardy habit of I ee United States was combined mich the more brilliant
of the parent species, a result frequently attained in hy bailieetnn t has long bee recognized that the intermediate between two
characters tend to segregate as delian units or
roups of u the second generation may er- mediates he value of these as material for selection in pro- ing new s is obvious. Recent studies with corn have
sI a new type of “meal” corn can be obtained by selecting for inter- mediates between sweet and dent or flint races. As a rule Mendelian interpretations have disregarded the intermediates which appear, but the possibility of securing qualitative inter- meds tes between pairs of contras ted characters which -will breed
effective in developing new races. The large number of sport Medea of the Sword-fern have thus been obtained in recent
eee from bud sports of the oe Coleus the re
recently been noted by specialists of the United States Depart-
ment of ise in studies of citrus fruits grown in California.
Some Modern f the B R. C. Benedict, Jour. N. Y. Bot. GARDEN, 16: 194-197.
14
he breeders of plants and animals, whether prompted by
ears. ri very fully euppore the pikes based on the knowledge of the dual nature of the sp and of the observed behavior of germ plasm nats in ferulieauon: (x) that the varia- tion to be expected from hybridization fi filial generation; (2) that parental Gishaciers “tend to cae
combined; that an intermediate between a pair of con- asted parental characters can often be obtaine The second generation should therefore be gr in suffi! umber t give n recombinations and variations. Selection for new races should be begun with individuals of the second ge use of the dual nature of bearing plant, sister plants that appear quite alike will often ed diff ly eed, especially for characters that ai domin B his, selection for Id be
Experimental studies have fully esta meee the merits of methods of controling Pollina rons and of growing pedigreed lines. Tl “bagging,” or enclosing flowers in
semi- anne arent pa nee bags, is an efficient means of control. n
in securing accuracy and in saving time should lead to their more general aaa by amateur gardenérs and commercial seedsmen and nurser
ethods of peed careare with selection within a species or variety and w t hybridization will usually show whether variations that may appear are hereditary. Such methods have
15
recent years led to much improvement in many of our most important cultivated cro
significance that it eat long pele in the breeding of enmals:
lants are as a rule diready highly specialized. Hee tends to keep them thus, but variation tends to intro-
d appear which give poorer strains. The applica- tion of methods of selection is needed to sort out and eliminate these. Many of our chains economic plants are annuals and a
new crop i n from seed each year. Each seed produced involves a feqiisten which brings two sets of germ plasm into intimate relationship. ere is abundant Gpner tunity for
ecdiad! units to reassemble in every possible ration of Ti
be quite new. ch CT mical
interactions that of themselves may form the basis ie new heredi- tary qualit
Studies i in ieee aim to discover those laws of heredity and
variation which reveal the physiology of reproduction. uch
dit: In practical application, the aa of plant breeding aim (1) to maintain in a highly productive condition races whose qualities make their cultivation desirable, (2) to recognize and
16
preserve new characteristics which may lead to further improve- ment, (3) to combine qualities of different strains into one
h s control, to direct, and: to utilize a processes of heredity and variation
A. B. Stout CONFERENCE NOTES FOR DECEMBER
The regular monthly conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of December 3. The program consisted of reports by Dr.
W. urrill
e of Pathologists and Mycologists in New York and Connecticut.”
a abstract of De Mun s ane is as follows: ntrol
he science of of Pees of planes, particulary hee caused be as has been pushed forward of late with greater rapidity in the United States than in any bates country.
uring the period of the war, experts in this field from the different states coéperated very closely to save as much as pos-
ty, two important field meetings were held, one on Long Island
and one at New Haven, Connecticut, for the study of diseases common in those localities.
he first meeting, in June, for the study of potato diseases
in partculstss was attended by about one hundred plant patholo-
pate parts of pene England, and Holland.
eee with the best experts in the world on the spot to consider the best methods of control.
17
e second meeting was held in Connecticut in August and was Paw: chiefly by experts from New England and New York. Automobile istance of three hundred miles were made to plantations, eardene and nurseries between New Haven, Hartford, and Storrs; while every evening of the week was devoted to papers and discussions.
oa o =I ot ct, ing o = ° jog S ° 3} < 09 4 fo} 4. an] oq tt o i} ie} =] ° cE a) ° 3 5 2 OQ jay OQ =] cag
are studied with great care! This year the yield of tent-tobacco was enormous, probably owing to the frequent rains.
_Dr. Fred J. Seaver first described a collecting trip to Ithaca,
and Syracuse University, and its purpose was the collection and study of fungi, especially of the p itic group the ascomy- cetes
val in Ithaca Sunday evening, June 2, it was found
ed w Co) points within easy reach of the Cornell University campus, and also some time was to be spent in the laboratory taking care of the material collected. The first trip, on Monday, June 3, was to Enfield Gorge, about seven miles from Ithaca. The party was taken by automobile in the morning and returned late in the evening, so that the entire
18
day was spent on the collecting grounds. A number of cup fungi
and other species of especial interest were coll
The next long trip w. Labrador La t forty miles from Itha¢a his trip also yielded inert pis third and last of si long ‘trips was on See to the woe woods and bogs. gior of the variety of | diti and much more time could have
been pale sume spent ther collections made during de week were divided into three parts, most of the parasitic fungi mee left with the University. i taken by
= x
Certain specimens were live of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and most of the ee including all of the cup fungi, were brought to New Yo iter
de
ny ° ose -work a . over two hundred specimens to our me of these will undoubtedly ‘be of more
‘hap usual interest
Dr. Seaver also sdesttibed a two days trip with the potato aaa on Long Island, as has been noted above by Dr. Murrill. count of this latter event has already appeared in = oe i August (p. 16:
A. B. Stour, Secretary of the Conference
GREENHOUSE LECTURES FEBRUARY AND MARcH, 1920 Free Public Lectures will be delivered in the Central Display Greenhouse, Conservatory an 2, of the Garden, Bronx Park, Saturday afternoons at 3:15 o’clock: February 21. “The Cactus ee by Dr. W. A. MurriLi. February 28. ‘Plants with Variegated or Colored Foliage,” Dr
March 6. ie Plants,” by Mr. G, V. Nasa.
19 March 13. “The Pineapple and Its Relatives,” by W. A. March: 20. “Forcing Bulbs for the Home,” by Dr. M. A. Howe. . March 27. ‘The Calla Lily, and Its Relatives,” by MR. G. V. aa lectures, which occupy half an hour, will be illustrated by living plants and followed by demonstrations in the gree
ouses. Conservator ory Range 2 is situated at the eastern side of the
e as 180th Street. The Conservatory is open to the public daily from Io to 4
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. K. Small spent most of December in Florida, with headquarters at Miami. This ex- have been published (JouRNAL 20: 21-39, 191-207.
The enrollment in the courses of instruction in gardening has increased steadily during the autumn months and at the time of
are discharged soldiers or sailors, in training un e Federal ard of Vo al Educati large registration has necessitated the employment of a third instructor who will
appointed end will a the pea, in ebony, leaving the practi-
work r. Kenneth
Boy: supervisor aia gardening instruction and Mr. ae ia assistant.
20
the summer of 1919, ee pe casas of aden was given an cui for th ofa the present Mansion drive with Bronx Park East, and extendin,
fe) t the same time, con siderable work has besa accomplished in the constichon a ees near the R the t Pelham Parkway.
r. W. A. Murrill lectured at Yama Farms Inn, Nowcuber 8, on _ subject of ‘‘Edible and Poisonous Mushroom:
uring November Dr. Francis W. Pennell spent some days in
n th t Herbariu: city. his collection—the work of Stephen Elliott whose ‘Sketch of the Botany te) Carolina and Georgia,” publis' exactly a tury ago,
most classic flora of outh—is in the care of the Charleston
useum, and is appreciated at its real worth. It is pleasing to Bad an a historic herbarium so guarded and also to find it located in tl hich it
that of Thomas Walter—had never crossed the ocean, even though it has found a home in the British Museum!
The eames pia botanists have enrolled in the library since the last issue of the JOURNAL: Professor Charles S. Boyer, Philadelphia, re Harold Pretz, Allentown, Pa., and Professor W. A. Setchell, Se Calif.
r. W. AS tche! ll, h bk i ] f absence fro a duties as head 0 f the depanunent of botany at ene Uni- 1 eek:
the Pacific Coast. A critical monograph of the blue-green algae
21
eels of the Pacific Coast, by Professor Setchell and his colleague. . N. L. Gardner, has recently been published,
and the manus a for a similar volume on the green algae ieee) of the same region is now ready for the printer.
An informal conference of city, state, and voluntary agencies f ildren
siastic one. The Garden was ae by Dr. W. A. Murrill.
Reseda ahs November:—The total Laan for the inches. The maximu: mperatures recorded at ee nie i. each Week were re 36" 0 on nthe oth, 60° on the roth
were 3214° on the 3d, 28° on the roth, 22° on the 16th, 24° on the cee and 32° on the 29th. The first hard killing frost of autumn was on the morning’of the roth.
ACCESSIONS MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM
2 Baa of flowering plants from North Carolina. (By exchange with Mr. mee Beadle.) specimen of B.
=: (Given by Mr. Severin Rapp.) Minnesota ith Professor John W.
Holzinger.) ecimens of mosses from Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Java. (By eae with U. S. National Museum.) speci ‘imens of mosses from pond ae exchange with Mr. Severin Rapp.) Baha (Collected by Mr. L. J. K. Brace.) 32 specimens of mosses from fies Ao Carolina, and Tennessee. (By exchange with Professor A. LeRoy Andre 81 specimens of mosses from a rth ee and New York. (Given by Dr.
w
2 specimens of mosses from Virgin Islands, West Indies. (Collected by Mr. W. C. Fishlock. specimens of hepatics and mosses from Texas. (By exchange with Dr. F. McAllister.)
22
3 f flowering pl southern Florida. (Given by Mr. C. T.) Simpson.) (Given by Dr. R. M. Harper
50 specimens ‘‘Phycotheca Saaremaa ee 46. (Received for Columbia University.
I specimen of Chenopodium graveolens from Mexico. (Given by Mr. M. de Sautreppe.
1 specimen of Sphagnum from the Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. (Given by Dr. R. M. Harper.)
I specimen of ‘‘gum Featn from Dacryodes excelsa, from Dominica, West Indies. (Given by Mr. W. C. Fishlock.)
25 specimens of mosses Fas Washington. (By exchange with Mr. ¥. L. Pickett
I specimen of moss from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Mr. Edwin B, Bartram. )
Mai )
_ By eechange with prother Leon. ) (By exchange
with Professor W. W. Rowlee.) 3 specimens of Hie ee New England. (By exchange with Miss Annie Lorenz.)
(Given by. The Davey fi hi i . M. Shipman.) specimens of mosses from Japan and Hawaii. (By:exchange th Mr. E. B. Chamberlain y
h Dr. O. E, Jennings.) 42 specimens of mosses from California. (By Suisoee with Miss Alice East- wood. 2 specimens of mosses from Japan. (By exchange with Dr. V. F. oa 7 colored | lides of orchid ge.)
Mi 1 lid E dor vegetation. (Purchased from Dr. J. N. = i i Rappii from ae (Given by ae cian
Rapp.)
4 specimen of L Davidson.)
1 colored lantern slide of Monotropa uniflora from Lake Mohonk, New York. (Given by Protesso r R pees arlow.)
California. (Given by Dr. Anstruther
Virginia. (Given by Mr, C. A. Ludwig.) 2 specimens of ‘‘wooden-flowers"’ from Central America. (Given by Dr. L. A. Wailes.) 18 specimens of mosses from Colorado. we exchange with Dr. E, Lutz.) Alaska, (By eae with Mr. C. is ease 22 specimens of mosses from Wisconsin, re xchange a Dr. C. F. Mil rh.
1 specimen of moss from New Jersey. (By exchange with Miss Northrop.) 13 specmens or flowering p! plants a the White Mountains, New Hampshire.
Har’ 27 specimens of native fruits. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
23
Europe. (Given by T. H. Duche & Sons.) d (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 5 specimens of coffee. ae by Mr. P. L. Johnson. f fodd ts. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 14 specimens of grapes fron Texas. cae: by I. v. Aerie & Company.) : : : (Gi y)
miby DE won Rub
m Singapo y as Lloyd.) : a of spices. "(Given by ne H. yy.) speci of fungi from peer ae eon nae with Mrs. V. W.
ait is d.)
(Collected by Mr. Felix F. Wilmou:
y-) I specimen Aster sagitlifolius from New York. (Given by Dr. Anna E.
14 specimens of hepticae from Alaska.
(By exchange with the United States National Museum.)
ens of Aster from Princeton, New Jersey. (Given by Professor W. M. Rankin.) 1 lantern slide. _ Given by: The Conrad Slide and Projection Compa i (B
ny.) y exchange with Mrs. V. W, Delafie!
1d.) 2 specimens of fleshy fungi from Rio Piedras, Porto Rico. Prof. F, S. Earle. 3 hari of Phyllosticta from Wisconsin. (Given by Dr. J. J. Davis.) speci of fungi from New Hampshire. (By exchange with Dr. L. O.
(By exchange with
Gay 20 specimens, ‘‘Fungi Wisconsinenses Exsiccati.’’ (Distributed by Dr. J. J. Davis. specimens of fungi from Campe Meade, Maryland. ze.)
(By exchange with Mr. Cc. . och
lew York. (Collected by F. J. Seaver.)
8 specimens of fungi from Porto an (By exchange with Professor FS.
Earle.) I specimen of Stereum albobadium from Cuba. (By exchange with Brother Leon.) 4 specimens of fungi from South Carolina. (By exchange with Professor G. W. Wilss ai
imen of Melanoleuca phaeopodia from Toronto, Canada. (By exchange ae une 4 H. Fauil. aa ‘imen of Septobasidium cirvatum from the Bahamas. (Collected by Mr.
LJ. K. ‘ace
I specimen of Mycenastrum oregonense from Utah. fessor A. O. Garrett.)
I specimen of a smilacina from Ithaca, New York. fessor H. H. Wh
17 specimens - native food products and condiments. Rusby.)
(By exchange with Pro- (Given by Pro-
(Given by Dr. H. H.
(Given by Dr. Samuel Hooker.)
24
§ specimens of cotton. (Given by Dr. E. B. Sout! 7 I specimen of vanilla-bean. (cies by Dodge & em 4 specimens of economic plants from New York. (Collected by Messrs. Williams and Wils 18 — tating the manufacture of pyraline. (Given by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Com I specimen sus Tae awe from Ontario. (By exchange with Professor
1 specimen of Trichopesiza sulphurea from New York. (By exchange with Professor H. H. Whetzel.) y 2 imens of flowering plants from New Brunswick. (By exchange with Harvard Universit y.) dl f (By bh $<) 26 ‘spesimens of, flowering plants from ae ec ae with Dr. : M. T. Daw r specimen of Ranunculus from New Jersey. (Given by Miss A. M. Seifert.) 11 specimens.of Ochroma from Central America. (Given by Professor W. W. Rowlee. : '§ specimens of flowering plants from Quebec. (By exchange with Brother Victorin.)
America (By re
98 specimens of flowering plants from North America. (By exchange with Harvard University.)
212 specimens of flowering plants from Canada. (By exchange with the
ase: ad : of lichens from southern Florida. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Brit n.)
Florida. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
i h Florid {Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. K. Small.) 65 specimens of drugs. (Given by Parke, Davis & a 88 specimens of drugs. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusl 7 specimens of drugs. ae by a 7 ele
en by
d: i by Seabury ‘Tohnan.)
( by Johnson.) apeci i i hic. (Giv es by Dr I-A, Lyd) 7 i i i Alabama. (Give! Dr. R. M. Harper.) i 7 i New Jersey. ae by Mrs. E. W. Given.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert AMS, Fri
G. Billings, George Blumenthal, rge S. Brewster,
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, W. H. Carpenter, Prof. C. F. Chandler, William G. Choate, Hon. W. A. Clark
C. A. Coffin,
Samuel P. Colt, Edmund C. Converse, Marin Le Brun Cooper,
J. Montgomery Hare,
Edward S. Harkness, Prof. R. A
A. Heck: Behar ae enry R. Hoy
ne cher M. Hentiagton, drian Iselin,
t) cei . ‘a Edw. V. Z Dr. Albert A ‘ae X, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, aii Lew
vid Lydig, Goa K. Mackenzie, V. Everit Macy, Edgar L. Marston,
. Matheson
isohn,
George W. Perkins,
Valentine = cae eyer,
w.J 7 James S: Dr. William H. Maxwell, Francis L, Stetson,
George McAneny, Emerson McMillin, Dr. Walter Mendelson,
oD n, Eben E. jae Prof. Henry F. Osborn,
nry Chas. Lathrop Pack,
Frederick Strauss, eS me
B. B. Thay:
Charles G. ent
Dr.W. Gilman Thompsen,
Winthrop, Grenville L. Winthrop,
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, Shake Armour, Mrs. Rob
Miss Elizabeth mln Mrs. N. L. B
Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. A. A.
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
rs. A, Barton Hepburn, Ts verit Macy, Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, ee enry Marquand, W. G. Thompson, Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking irs, Cabot Ward. Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsos, Mis John I. si, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
PUBLICATIONS
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, te conten notes, news, and sage tend aoe of general ne rest. Free to all members of the Garden. To others, copy; $1.00 a year. [Not “obteced | in ex-
cat conan
Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and yeahlae devoted to fungi, including lichens; containing technical as an s and notes a pea unig: ae an index to current American aoa Pee iterature. $4.0
single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its tenia ones
Addis Sing quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored pate accompanied by popular descriptions of ice aoa ip lates in each number, thirty-two in each volum ee mn price, $10 year. [No a eee in exchange.) Now in i Bie
Bulletin of t Ee New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- al all members
bodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to memb f den; h 0 per volu Now in its tenth vol
erican Flora. Descriptions the wild plants of Nort h America,
including Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be
completed in 34 volumes. oy. 8vo. olume to consist of four or more
arts. Subscription price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange.] , part 1, 1910. Nectriaceae—Fi riaceae.
part 1, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae
(pars) s 1 and 2 no lo
Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—A garicaceae (pars). ee Ss I-3 no longe aso separately.)
Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae (pars).
Vol. 15, parts I and 2, 1913. Soha naceae—Leucobryaceae. Vol
1. 16, part 1, 1909. rs). Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typ! a (pars). ia 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio-
Vol. 22, parts I axel 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918.
Vol. 24, part 1, 10103 part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars).
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. i ae.
by D. ie xvi + 320 pp., wi 6 fi » 1903. Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains Ses ee New Hollick and E. C. J aa ii oi i
B 73 figures a: ol. V. Flora of the Vicinity a ae York: 5 trib Pl; graphy by Norman Taylor. vi + 683 p hg plates. 1915. Vol. VI. Papers presented at rhe Cale of ae Twentieth par of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many text res. 1916,
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members o the staff, and reprinted from jo tier: other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth volume.
NEW YORK pee ie GARDEN Bro: ‘ark, New York City
ee ee ee
Vol, XXI February, 1920 No, 242
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS
Pacs Of Grottoes and Ancient Dunes . . 2. --- ... eee ee et ee 25 Mie wild Pimentowof jamaica... es bie ee ee ee ln os 38 Organization of the American Iris Society... . 2-2... . eee eae 39 MT IMERTCMMBL ERI yi ee.) ki aj mie eee alin CS eager ay es 41 Notes; Mews aud |Comments. 2. keila c e ae mses ere ee ee 42 PCCOEMLOUM! voi)ie fal a¥ vel ism fee 'e. jul mia lala Ronen ial sanyscs hea is.) vas es) he 44
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Art 4x NortH Queen Street, Lancastar, Pa.
Tue New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS 1920 PaesipeEnt—W, GILMAN THOMPSON Vicr-Parsients FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
EDWAR MS
TrEASURER—JOHN L, en ASSISTANT Teed ee DE LA MONTAGNE Szcretary—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires tegen fie
es L. BRITTON WIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS ENRY W. ve FOREST TREDEEI C R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires January, 1 PAUL D. CRAVA OR cE. W. ; MURRY GUCGENEEIM FRANCIS vYNDE SSTETSON : ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY ‘ Term expires January, 1923 EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. vz FOREST i P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tue Mayor oF THE City or New York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN Tur PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3: ahead DIRECTORS ARPER,
ae RA , Chairmi EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER ete ANNING S. PRALL PROF. bere a PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. K PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. bay eee Director-in- Chief (Development, areca DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. ee = SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowe ae Plants)
“ih DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowettens Plat) DR. FRED J. See ee Ache rie ise = ae , Administrati: a ap a \ WILSON, aes Cur R. ime ANCIS W. PENNELL, ieee ipa
i] TOUT, Director of the ratories DR. JOHN: HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer SARA ke poe H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator e Economic Pa IT
ARTHUR . att Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds , ENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Fitba Instruction ‘
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI February, 1920 No. 242
OF GROTTOES AND ANCIENT DUNES A RECORD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER 1918 WITH PLATES 241 AND 242
Bot: jcal 1 ti
[ Florida in recent years has shown that state to be much more of a cactus center than was formerly supposed. Certain observations in the course of our field-work
harles Deering, who has also generously codperated in previous, as well as in hire field excursions.
NorTHERN FLORIDA
e excursion took us to the western and southern extremes of the mainland, and much new territory in the interior of the
J : 21-39. pl. 224-226. 1919. 25
26
peninsula was visited. Our first objective in Florida was Pensacola, which is situated in the extreme western part of the is built ‘
e when seeds and aay ea and Bor in the outer coastal plain is usually ral months in North, shrubby evergreen- eienea (Chrysoma @poncifosalt), contrary to its assigned habitat, the littoral belt, was in bloo
On the higher level stretches in place of pine woods, apparently chiefly caused by slight moisture-collecting pee in th land, were occasional hammocks of beauahal live-oak trees with
rand was for cae and — and we were not wholly untia
Pollardi) and one fern ae aquilina)! n the low land along Escambia Bay, an interesting pheno_ menon was observed. The flats near the shore in some placeg
a- chicola Bay. The trees seem none the worse for their saline environment.
A few miles east of the Escambia River and Bec Bay
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 19: 5. 1918.
27
lies one of the amas little-known and very interesting i ida. It i uate e h and
regions of Flori ed betwi the 85t! 87th meridians, In fact al ie state west of the Apalachicola has been neglected from a botanical standpoint. he leas wn part lies between the 8 and 87th meridians, and hin ie oe and occupying about one-thi f the area is the Choctawhatchee Division f t rida Nati ores
ie topography ranges from the flats at sea-level to hills said to three hundred feet high in the interior. t conspicuous aad in the higher parts, as in the 01
rtance. the most part broad-leaved shrubs and trees, grow in the ham- mor eri creeks that flow across the reservatio
astward, however, eine of limestone appear. ardwoo: forests and shor f pine increase aes the pinelands of the eastern Florida n middle and western Florida we fads a mingling of northern ee southern floras, the former extending down the hills and ges of western Georgia into the hilly country of northern Florida, and the latter extending up from the warm Gulf Coast nearby. The middle portion of northern Florida is a rather extraordi- nary plant region and one perhaps more interesting, on account
28
of some of its endemic plants, than either the eastern or the nt pa b:
western portions. In it, and also in adjace rts of Alabama an rgia, we find an exceptional number of endemic species rang re inconspicuous herbs to large shrubs and trees The herbaceous plants are too numerous to ion in e! of this scope noteworthy trees of this category are the yew (Taxus 4 ) and the tor. ‘ mmonl
which have arboreous relatives in the New World nearer than California.
Working by day and traveling by night soon brought us to the northern part of the Florida peninsula at Gainesville. There
s! arise, some which can be wed only by extended investi- gations in ne field. LAKE GEORGE REGION rom Gainesville we went south to Ocala. Both these places are situated in or near the lime-sink region, which, too, is in nee
J 19: 74.
(OpPUYD JOQDS) 991)-aseqqwvo ay] JO Jey oY]] Uayes pue paissyfoo st wyed styz jo (pnq) a8eqqeo ayy * Ma} E Sot] yory SEW JT, qni9s,, ay} 0} pauyuos Apisow st ued SIL “pues Syn MOUS oi ul Surmoas (vino pDqDS) eerie au} yo Wed BuNIMIY ‘*gIGI ‘aqmasag ‘oB1oor) aye] JO Jom ‘S904 FRUONEN CPuO_y oy? JO UOTSTAIC, B[LIO 9y} UT |. qnios,, ay,
If@ aLV1g NAGUYS) TYOINVIOG WIOA MAN AHL so TwNUNOf
29
of botanical exploration, but the very limited time at our dis- posal prevented us from making even a beginning, as we had to rf - i +: 1 T 1 fied a
orge, we took the maces erie and very narrow trail that had not been ee investigated for nearly a century Oc
River and west of the aes Uae consists of the so-called
“scrub.” Itisa stationary sand-dunes.
The sand is fine-grained and usually snow-white. Woody
vegetation is conspicuous and plentiful, although stunted;
herbaceous vegetation is rather inconspicuous and scattered, sed.
asst A score of shrubs are evergreen; most conspicuous among them is the rosemary (Ceratiola). It grows as a broom-like bush from three to eight feet tall, has very numerous, but also very
small, reddish o: lowers in fall and winter and, later, 1 globular fruits clustered along the branches ver, neither flowers its are conspicuous; but the deep-green of
u against the white sand. This plant is widely separated from its two relatives in the United States—the crowberries (Empetrum
30
and Corema)—both of which are mainly boreal in their distri- bution.
The prickly-pear of the region was soon found growing all over the sand-ridges, many of the plants bearing both flowers and fruits. The ei ad was plentiful and in the height of its fruiting se
These ey ridge constitute the northern portion of the ub. h
and to ears fifty miles from the southern end of the ae ula. of ne ee are extensive Eanes: Dine woods, Hl nd
less in area
moc
lime-sinks. It is re a strange country and it might be, by some, considered uncanny or even dangerous. The land is liable to cave in poet one’s ie a drop one in the bottom of
submerge one
he d below the water-table. There. are sinks o
rees down over fifty feet, and where the trunks may still be een submerged in the clear water sinks of various sizes and shapes, some with boiling spring: ich spread out
otto is land, with its extensive prairies, its Nae forests, and springs, was evidently a EASE decelity with the serge + by the st
vicinity of Lake
We finally sacked the western shores of Lake George oie haps stood on the very spot where the Bartrams! camped ae their travels in that region about a century and a half ago.
oe Bartram (1699-177), the first native American botanist, was greatly
ndence an ‘ollected ne New
ie explored the Saint
with Pee Collinson “asoe-76, of London, who eventually secured i appointment a: ing’s botanist." Bartram traveled and c York to fa In thes summer a 1765, at the age of 66, he
hhn’s nea
31 The prickly-pear that occurred scattered in the “scrub” hammock on the higher ¥ ground in
Thence we began a parts of the reservation. It was there w we found the prickly- “pear p
an account ‘of a plant from the Lake George region by William
tally from the description in Fe armament and the fruits.
The Bartram plant remains to rediscovered, unless it has been exterminated by the ae cattle that have roamed that country for a century or two. e cattle even now browse
on the joints of the plant we sour there, in spite of its copious armament of s Both the Plovida species of Zamia grew in that regi ion—
last century that the eae beeen the species were clearly interpreted and it
8
Fa
wn
=]
°
+
=]
=] mot => ct. as 3 a ° is o
peat (2739-1823) had the Bd vantnee of a ae education, and of e-accompanied his
association fai d \
the Saint John’ ‘Ss River, Lahr he eee eae a eas In 1772 he began the
“Travels.” He was a botanical artist of much enthusiasm and considerable
1 See ite published in seme of the New York Botanical Garden 20: 21, 29, and 30. pl. 224. I9I9.
2 i through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, 16
32
as only quite recently that their geographic distribution was ay well understood.
William Baldwin,’ writing from a settlement called Tomore:
Florida, on May 15, 1817, to a friend at the North, says: I
hunger by having recourse to i ie or comptie, as it is now called, is still used by the Seminole Indians, and there are starch mills ve furnished th o manufacturers in commercial quantities for many ye:
'y years. ing returned to.Ocala late in the evening, we started at once for Miami by way of Jacksonville, and, in due time, reached our destination.
A JOURNEY TO THE FERN GROTTOES
ooner had we arrived at Miami than we set out on another excursion to the upper part of the peninsula nearly as far north
ing ugh same region descri in a former paper? Traveling still further north, the next morning we d Ne
myri im partake of kfast, and then started
across the peninsula. After passing through t t woods
with their forests of long-leaf pines and sand-pine in the higher
THliam Baldwi. 810) di
y nited States n h f the flora of the southern ee. Tn 1805-06 he Manas China; and in 1817-18, South
America
and HENDLEY BARNHART. * Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 20: 191-207. 919.
“suyot
Supiojdxa 49y? Burmnp padures savy Aeur swenzeg ‘aug ‘007 “roy fe ioutdice ai) 7 ose Songnep pue “sourdu0qe epLoyy ayy jo aoejd Burdwes e AyjuaplAa sem punoisyoeq ay} UT ysourmIey ayy “saan suYyOf "3g Oy) Jo qed ST apr sazrur yyBIa pue Buo] soyjur usazyy INoqe ‘1ayeM Jo Apog sty, “gI6I ‘aequiooaqy ‘yYNos pue y3IOU AeMprur ynoge *
eve aLVId NAGUY TVOINVLOG MYO, MAN FHL so TwNanof
33
Parts, and the black-pine in the low parts, and all paella Ww
e was at Orlando where we called on Cameron Mann, Episcopal Bishop of Southern Florida, and also a botanist. Dr. Mann’s residence i is surrounded by trees and shrubs planted many years
ago. e two specimens are a giant camphor tree and a very large Pies pennies The latter- named tree frozen to the ground two years ago; b is over
reaching our immediate objective—Inver ress, which is situated -on the western coast of the peninsula.
We had good roads for many miles west of Orlando, but
wi
they began to fail us about sundown, and it was dark wh e reached Bu: There we partook of our first regular meal since leav Miami, and out for Inverness s the
viduals the nearest way to Istachatta, where we expected to turn
peaiets pp Wiirtemberg, September 6, 1853; came erica in 1883 Florida, her e he ae resides; was a shoemaker until his retirement in A T9EE) ae oe in bot: any a about rgo
lar! 1 of which ae his name. —Joun HENDLEY peat
Mary Plainfield, Connecticut, November 29, 1876,
and made her nota: there until 1917, when she removed to Florida; in 1918 she
married Thomas Rakestny Baker, Ph. D. (1837- ), of Winter Park, who was or many i in Pennsylvania and Florida
Mrs. Baker is the author of a ‘Book of Grasses,” published in 1912.—Joun HENDLEY BARNHART. 3 Cameron Mena was born: y in Ba hab City, April 3. 1851; is a graduate of
of S. T.D errr, Eni. li J
ith his episcopal Ps
He do, since October, 1913.—JouHN HENDLEY BARNHART.
34
rth to reach our destination. We received definite and non-
pea aie information, the gist of which was without excep-
tion, to take the left hand road at each fork, which was definitely identifiable in some way. All went well and all localities tallied i hi
ng trail, as the roa ntinued to bear off to r to th south The geological formation had changed at about the point where we took the wron il. Thec quite hilly and more dy, $s apparently uninhabited ithough we realized our mistake, we decided to c ue a await developments. inally we reached the Withlacoochee River, crossed it and found ourselves at Croom about wa up the road to Inverness, this without having been arrested by the county officials, ened perhaps, under suspicion as blockade runners as illegal transporters of spirituous liquor are
known in those parts. Early the following morning we retraced our course of the f
for pon a natural flower garden [ nearly mid-Dece: r, ho nt on llow-jessamine (Gel- semium), yellow-buttons (Actinospermum), goldenrod (Solidago), and several asters te ere in fter another slight decline, we fo ourselves on the edge of a veritable n
ural am atre, surrounding a cypress entering the theatre th cky walls we found ourselves among
S limestone. Everything was partly or completely covered with
35
a growth of at least a dozen different kinds of ferns, nee varied e kind th An
enchanting grove of both coniferous and br tent trees overshadowed the grotto, ance ther a grove and a grotto that would have been a delight to the devotees of the worship of Baal;
but this sanctuary had co been profaned. he trees of the hammock association are mainly deciduous.
a: as mm am indicates, the ee the eat Bhi le ‘tischun), a cone-bearer, is TI
ress aoe in the swampy y parts, siowink with
fifty feet. One tree we ieee had a trunk diameter of nearly
ix feet out four feet above the ground!
Con ee at ee t season, and ubiquitous, were two mem- amil
show: 11 lower: oth these plants are armed; but for different purposes, the nettle with stinging hairs for defence and t 1 ith fang-like carpels with barbed awns for dissem- ination. No plants ee the grotto are like those in the sur- rounding pinewoods, ev e palms are different. The common saw-pal almet(e (Serenaa) ee the pine woods; while the palm of th needle-palm ee hid ophyllum.
ye The sea raise of this and aa ring grottoes dates from
1 Ti
See Ne 69-77- 2¥For a detailed account of the history of these pana see 7 “M. Harper, American Fern Journal §: 68-81. 1916.
36
1881, when A. H. Curtiss,! having learned of their existence not recorded, made a pilgrimage to them from
elve. reported and two additional ones which are indicated by small e
POLYPODIUM PECTINATUM Asplenium heterochroum Polypodium polypodioides ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON Polypodium Plumula Asplenium verecundum Pteris cretica Tectaria heraclifolia Adiantum Dryopteris floridan Asplenium abscissum Dryopteris normalis Asplenium Curtissit yopteris reptans concentrated gr of ferns we have er seen anywhere el Boulders and cliffs were entirely hidden from
view by dense masses of the various species growing intimately mixed. On other overhanging rocks with rather smooth faces
e Allen Hiram ita (1845-1907) was a cueh 4 unty, New York.
irgin 8) to collect plants for distribution. In 1 are he seu in pape where he lived for the ei uiad of bis fa For many. baaet $ Broken ee : E et
van printed labels, are to be found in nearly all the large herbaria of ne orld. y During the last to parts of the West Indies.— Jom
HENDLEY BARNHART.
’ John Donnell Smith was born June 1829, in Baltimore, Maryland, which has always been his home. After gradi an ion at Yale, he studied law, and w: admitted to the bar. eae the latter part oF me ay il War he was a cap ante i the Confederate Army. d much of his time to the study of the flora of Central America i i
f i ill i f this flora, i ollected by himself during the years 1889-96, have found t! way into various ae herbaria. collected in peninsular Florida — in 1877 and following years; as earl as 1878 he explored the Caloosahatchee in company with the bryologist Coe Finch Austin (1831-1880).—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART.
37
the plants were scattered. Most of the kinds grow not only
tl
der: e or less horizontal surfaces. The SO
le of various sizes and kinds of ferns often completely hide
numerous pitfalls of various sizes and g from a few feet ng is rendered exceedingly dangerous
twelve feet deep. 4 from these pitfalls alone, not to mention the soft and crumbling
edges of cliffs ai ges. resurrection- fern Sie ee polypodioides) was two wood-ferns (Dryopteris
an often grasp a half
ter nature a built and napried this grotto beyond t power of words to describe, man fia fecenuy Se rted the tas of utterly deat: it. Although thereabouts in unlimited supply, a mill’ placed at the edge of the grotto is the Leas into powder to be sold for the purpose of
grinding sce Saas
Afte: ee over the larger part of this great amphi- theatre we ines to Pineola. and located a series of caves further north between the road and the river. There we found less surface weathering and more subterranean erosion. Quite extensive caves enabled us to walk about ten to fifteen feet beneath the sur ae of the ground. Only near the openings find ferns a then in less abun n both
of the caverns did w
ay
one, a
fibrous roots, br leaves, not suggestive of a ss, and more
peculiarly large panicles of fruits. The fruits are viscid and e has handled a plant he finds most of
e the fruit adhering to his clothing. previously collected in Florida, nearly a century ago during the
1 See also R. M. Harper, Natural History 19: 201. 1919.
38
Indian Wars. The mature plants in leafage resemble some kinds
of seedling e 1 plant was a Peperomia, of a species t collected in eastern peer in the early part e ee century and brought to light only a few times since.
e only one of our four species of Peperomia now found in a. that does not also Brow in ume West Paliee t or Brooks- ee ees ne sehen: after iene Floral nie we passed er some sand hills with a north and south axis. After crossing 0:
Garden of the United States en of Agriculture, a few miles southeast of the city limit:
(To be continued.)
THE WILD PIMENTO OF JAMAICA
The region known as Peckham Woods in Upper Clarendon ough
oil which pervades the plant is different from that of either
39
relative. Amomis caryophyllata runs into a number of ae
ot i} i) 2 So fan 4 a = [a 2 io” < + 3 ® ° = a ima 3 of io} oc a
approach very closely the Jamaica tree here discussed.
Amomis jamaicensis Britton & Harris, sp. nov. e 13 m. high, with a trunk sometimes 3 dm. ae) ‘librous ea ee ovis terete, rather stout.
tiaceous, 5-9 cm. long, dull, neal equally green on beth = pinnately veined, not strongly reticulate, rounded at t pex, narro , obt or rounded a se, the midvein imp bove, elevated Db th, the stout petioles 1.5 cm. lo r less; inflorescence several-many-flowered, 5-8 cm. broad, its branches stout, fruits
persistent on the aaa ovary; seeds 2; radicles much longer than the cotyledon: Peckham Woods, Upper Clarendon, Jamaica (Harris 12876, type; 12788). N. L. Britton
ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY
eadily increasing interest throughout the country in the breeding of Iris resu
wo fo} = ry a ve] rs) alt g
re Sixty-four persons appeared at the initial meeting, in spite of
40
many discouraging circumstances, and letters from others at
greater distances increased the list of charter members to over
150, oe all parts of the country from Maine to Cali-
fornia. r. pad of Phi adel, presided at the meet- the Man
Far treasurer. The next meeting of the society will be held dunce the iris season, probably at are The plans for the new socie h into the history
of iris breeding the e parentage et the 1 numerous hortiuta varieties, the standardization of i ‘ of iris varieties, with the elimination of d ipli
ation of iris pests and diseases, the promorod of bean interest in iris cultivation, and the establishment in suitable cities of test oe eoneen eardcns: In _ aw outa ne pro-
i New Yor
Boeanical Garden is of especial ie
‘ew plants off esting possibilities to the ae as iris. Few plants are culti as i
as easil ivated or adapted to ide a range of soil and climat e enthusiastic organization meeting and the large membership list indicate at once the widespread interest in the
a societies have already accomplished for the rose, the peony,
the gladiolus, and the dahlia H. A. GLEason
41
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR JANUARY
The January conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the museum building, Wednesday, January 7, 1920, at gram for this conference was as follows: “Some seh on ae so-called ‘International Rules of Nomenclature’’’ by D Barnhart.
arnhart referred briefly to the early rules for nomencla- ted by Li
een eons’ - Pe in 1867 a ae at vue in 1905. f the
the fact that the Connan ee voted as a unit, accepting
Engler’s word as , and controlled absolutely every vote, first securing the ion of an innocent-looking set of rules of or hich provided for the decision of every question by a
ere majority vote; and the further t th umber of
a uch e€ eve distribution of the voting power. In conclusion Be called atten- ion to the fact that although tl been called congresses,’’ the word ‘‘conference’’ would better express, in English, their true function; delegates attend them to present adequately the views of their constituents, and by their votes to
42
place those views on record; for his own part he had never con- sidered himself in any way ‘‘bound” by the acts of these ‘‘con- gresses” because of his participation in them, and he believed that this was the view adopted by most if aot a of the other delegates.
Secretary of ena
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
D.N. , Mrs. Britton, and Miss Dorothy Coker sailed ais . for Port of Spain, Trinidad, where they will spend tw h the botanical exploration of the island.
ci Brit
to secure specimens of tne orchids for culeyationd in the new completed at Conservatory Range 2.
The following visiting scientists have recently registered in the Roland M. H
library: Dr. Rola: arper, College Point, N. Y., Professor K Wiegand, Ithaca, N. Y., Professor Alexander W. Evans, e en, Conn Miles de Wachenfelt, Stockholm,
hia: mit! Madison, Wis., Dr. A. F. Blak ie “Cold Spee Harbor, ota Dr. J. N. Rose, Washington, D. C.
Dr. H. S. Jackson, of the Purdue University Agricultural
dying
the literature of the Uredineae.
Dr. W. T. Swingle, ‘of the Bureau of Hag Industry at Wash- ington, was a recent visitor at the Gar
a fags . . aa
d the ayinter months tea a class of women. The class has been Mr. K. R.
09 iS) a a oO i=] i 5 n ot g m1 ao ¢. ° 3 p 5 a oe ot oO g ise] S aa Pp =] [os im ou oO iam
various phases of plant piopabetons pruning, and greenhouse and garden practice.
43
Work is steadily progressing on the construction of new con- h use! ben
nd are a great mprovement over the old benches of wood or slate ee steel originally used
On uary 22, the biology a of Evander Childs High School ant their semi-annual visit to the Garden, inspecting the conservatory and museum ciiecton under the guidance of their ine on ents ers of the Garden staff, and anne gi in th lecture hall . Mr. George E. Hewitt with slides loaned by the American Museum of Natural History
The Nature- Study and Garden al ea - the City, ted
Committee made up of one representative from each organiza- tion. The cost of ae will be borne by the School Garden Association.
Meteorology for December.—The total precipitation for the
I. 23d. The mini peratures were 13° on the 4th, 17° on the 15th, —4° on the an 12° on the 26t!
Meteorology for the year 1919.—The total precipitation at the New York Botanical Garden for the year was 37.82 inches.
is was distri months as follows: January, 3.21 inches (including a very light fall of snow, about 34 inch by snow meas ent) ary, 2.80 (including 1 and 14 inch by snow
measurement); March, 4.15 (including 434 inches snow measure-
44 ment) April, 2.80; May, 4.05; June, 1.14; July, 4.44; August, 4.13; September, 2.85; October, 2.65; November, 2.81; December
‘71!
The first hard killing frost of the autumn was on the morning of November 10
ACCESSIONS
specimens of Calostoma lutescens from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
neat r J. F. ue ms.)
Mrs. John Ross Delafield.) 2 specimens of fungi from Ontario.
ness.)
Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania, (By exchange with
(By exchange with Professor John Dear-
ag ies of Coliricia tomentosa from New York. (By exchange with Dr. Howard J. Banker.)
I specimen a Clitocybe multiceps from Canada. J. H. Faull.
2 specimens of oo from New York Botanical Garden. Mr. F. Fy von Milmow y-) - Mr. Kenneth Boynton.)
12 specimens of fungi from New York.
r.)
(By exchange with Professor
(By exchange with
New (Collected
(Collected by Dr. W. A. Murrill and Mr. H. I. Miller
Byerk di Amherst, Massachusett:
(By exchange with be sae J. Anderson.)
of fentag ostreatus from Salt Lake City, Utah. (By exchange an oa - io Garrett.)
from South Carolina. (Collected by Dr. F. W. Pennell.) I specimen of Coprinus micaceus from Utah.
(By exchange with Mr. A. O. Garrett.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Edward S. Harkness, George W. Perkins, Fritz Achelis, Prof. R. a Henry Phipps, Edward D. Adams, Amory Haskell, R. Pierson, Charles B. Alexander, T. A. Havemeyer, James R. Pitcher, Vince: A. Heckscher, Ira lace,
hn W. Auchincloss, Eee. Stat Hon. Anning S. Prall, George i . Hoy: Charles F. Rand, Stephen Bake re nee M. Flaite Ogden Mills Reid,
mund L, Baylies drian Iselin, dwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Dr. Walter B. James, Prof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, Walter B. sa John D. Rockefeller, C.K. G, Billings, Otto H. ai Ber George Blumenthal, Prof. James re Kemp, W.E cath George S. Brewster, Darwin P. Kingsley, Prof. ae isl; ren Prof. N. L. Britton, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Dr. Reginald H. cee. Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Jacob H. Schiff, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, orti its ‘hi
nter, Adolph Lewisohn, Albert R. Shattuck,
Prof. C. F. Chandler, David Lydig, Henry A. Siebrecht, William G, Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William Sloan Hon Clark, V. Everit Macy, alentine P. Snyder, C. A. Coffin, Edgar L. ecg James Speyer, Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Francis L. Stetson, Edmund C. Converse, os eg Maxwell, Frederick Strauss, Marin Le Brun Cooper, F. K. Sturgis, Paul D. Cravath, enero McMillin, B. B. Thayer, Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter iendclion: Charles G. Thom;
muel W, Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Gilman Theta Willia: ; Ogden Mills, ‘yles Tie JamesB. Ford, , on. Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffany,
enry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, W. K. Vanderbilt, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. Warburg, Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Norton, H. H. Westinghouse, Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olcott, Bronson Winthrop, J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Grenville L. Winthios: J. Montgomery Hare, Chas. Lathrop Pack,
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Mrs. con, Mrs. Hamilton ean, Miss Harriette Rogers, Miss < eae eee ke mi stav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, Mrs, rit . Low, {rs. Benson B. Sloan, tel er ul os Go MacVeas, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Hen ‘mauientl Mrs. W. G. Ne Mrs, Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot W: Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, ae Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson. Mrs. John I. Kane, F. K. Sturgis,
PUBLICATIONS
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, sre ack containing 0 all
notes, news, and non-technical articles of general ae Free members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [Not “offe red in ex- change.] Now ii in its twenty-first volume.
Mycolo; including fekene: containing technical articles and news ae notes of pi interest, and an index to current American nee literature. $4. 00 a year; single ae not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its twelfth volume.
Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates cm by popular destptions of floweri: spi in each volum coe price, “$10. 00 a} year. [Not offered in sea |] N in its at ume.
Bulletin ma the New York Botanical Garden, containing the erga See oe fas Director-in- ehicta nd. other official documents, and technical articles em- ied out in the Garden. Free to all menthe es ae Garden; a pia a 00 per youn: Now in its tenth volume.
S : arts. ae ion ee $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts ae “I
Vol. 7, part 1, 1906; part 2, 7; part 3, ay Uatllaginacede Acces (pars). (Parts 1 and 2 no longer aad sce rately.) Vol. 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae (pars). (Parts 1-3 no a Jonast mld separately. Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae hae art:
eae Vol. 17, part 1, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhaceae—Poaceae (pars). A be part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio-
vol. 22, parts I and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918.
Rosaceae.
Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 2, 1920. ae. (pars).
Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae.
Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. let! rege bec
Vol. 32 918. Rubiaceae (pars)
Vol. 34, I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part SF spice Rantuncess Salient aare
Memoirs of the New = qe eae Garden. he Garden, $1 ef per volume. To oth oo. [Not offered i h ]
An Annotated Catalogue of hl Flora of Montana an Bai Yellowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 }» with detaile d map. aD:
Vol. II. i ee of Light an a Develogiiene by D. T. Mac! xvi + 320 pp., with aie figures. 903. Vol. III. Studies ‘of Cretaceous a is Remains noe: Kreischerville, New York, by A. pee and E. C. antares 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909. ffects
LNs ts of the Rays aE Raum on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii + 278 pp., alk 73 figures and 14 plat 908.
Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of Nee ‘ari! AC trib Plant Geography by Norman Taylor. v1 + 683 pp., with 9 plates. 1915.
Vol. VI. Papers se eacritid at the Celebration of "the Twentieth ae a the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many t figures. 1916.
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per vag In the ninth volume.
NEW YORK bandit GARDEN ronx Park, New York City
Vol. XX1 March, 1920 No, 243
PoURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS Pace OEGrottoes nnd AmciontiDNNes 4). sos) 2 woke es So a dee eho e a s 45 Saturday and Sunday Spring Lectures,1920........... Cie 54 Hardy Woody Plants in the New York Botanical Garden .......,.... 56 OTIC I oe 2 ele SR es ge a, 60 RDO M ROEM IMAM OD IMMROTIC. = Nog ow! os nhs wre) a Bin en's Ge les le ew es 62
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 4x Noxtw Quazn Staget, Lancastaue, Pa.
Tre New Ena Painmixc Company
OFFIOERS 1920
PresipgEnt—W, GILMAN THOMPSON 7
3 FRANCIS RoE Pages: Vick-PRESIDENTS EDWARD TreaSuRER—JOHN L, M Vaan AssIsTANT TrEasuRER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE Srcretary—N, L, BRITTON
. ELECTED MANAGERS fees expires sere
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS RY W. ve FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires peste ca ve CRA ORGE. W. PERKINS MUR Y GUGGENEEIM FRA NCIS LYNDE STETSON ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY Term expires ee 1923 EDWARD D. aus JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. ve FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGI
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tue Mayor oF THE City oF New York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLiIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
a SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS EROk. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
EUGENE P. BICKN PROF, FREDERIC S. LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRé
PROF. WILLIAM J. ae PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KE PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- gs ief Seca ent, Administration)
lo} tod hy mw ic y cE tee oqo x ~} 3 °o q oO eo a a)
rator GEORGE Vv. NASH, Head Gardener and ie ae Plantations DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the ories DR. JOHN HENDLEY a toe "Bibliographer RAH H. HAR Librarian iH , Honorary Curator of the Economic Collennes ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator 6 ce laa DR. WIL! ue mn.
5 inee! a R S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant Pea - oe Superintendent of Buildings ae Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
,
7 {ps PUL EP PB yor sty} UQ “FT punoswe wo1y Aeme papors uaeq sey YoIYM 7eY) UY JapeoIq YON APUApAa ‘anojsauut] Jo sseur I 1p yOeq ayy uy = *AWJOUTUT oud UL JO JUesqe aie $001] paaBa, peolg = “puNoISaioj ay} ul ..saauy,, Surduedworse say? YIP $aex7 ssaid{o oFqUETIB Udo ‘1a8sE] JO douasoid ay} Aq pazpoyRIEYD are suCTIBARI s9MOT ‘BIG “UDqWacC ‘EPLOTA '[OsUIg a 073013 usay Jo qed MOT Uy
vz LVI NOdaY ‘IVSINVLOG MYOA MAN 3HL 40 IwNanof
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI March, 1920 No. 243
OF GROTTOES AND ANCIENT DUNES WITH PLATES 243 AND 244 (Continued)
Early in the morning we decided to make Arcadia, in latitude
fo] < oO tal fo} 3 oO iM c a oo 5 od [ory 2 o n Q lo} i=] ct, im io} is 3 io} o = io) ie] c. 2 oO mh ° ay ch i-" ) + a
ng mountain system, although the hills are only slightly over 200 feet high, or perhaps less. fter we had crossed the eastern ridges, the country became slightly undulating, and as we proceeded southward it became 45
46
e and more flat. Upon reaching Dade City we turned southward en route to Plant City. About miGwey tween these points we stopped long enough at the
k
p eek, Joshua Creek, Chilloocahatchee River, and Prairie Creek, and oe abun. as well as numerous un- mapped and unnamed streams
At Bartow we sai ae aenaee basin of Pease River and followed it down as ue as . rcadia. In the upper part were vast truck f. to those of the St. John’s bottoms near Sanford. Often hundreds of acres, as far as
Id see, were planted with a single kind of vegetable, particularly cabbage Ss ocks alon e tempting aides: places. Plants with white, yellow, and blue or purple were in abundance, although it was winter,
ut the fo relight and following darkness soon put a stop to collecting.
Darkness, moreover, came on before we were one third of the
way down the river valley. We passed Fort Meade just after
eg] ° < = sf @ bots oO =} o ~» + ct, iam @ a oD 7] mk o> © ° =] a “< pe i] 2 ee = ot a =) foun iw =i 5 ot
e States where a peculiar fern of tropical America, Dryopteris
47
panamensis. has been found. It was discovered there in 1881 and has not been collected since. As the twilight passed, the drizzle of the day turned into a di
heavy rain, which continued until we drove into ia While walking about the town that ning and ly the — ing we found the common cultivated bird-pepper
mornin Capsicum frutescens) and an acanthus-relative (Strobilanthus sep , both naturalized about the vacant lots and on
ae Arcadia as soon as we could get breakfast, we decided nt fro
subsistence and devoting only short periods to collecting and photographing, we made schedule alm: mi
Brains with s some cudpiceed along streams end ig low ae In
was bloom- ing and often filled cs air witli the faganee of its pane of iossoms.
Leavi ease River to the westward at Wauchula, we headed
roug! woods wi ort: ludwigias, and bladderworts in abun lance. e pitc SS to)
Wauchula and Zolfo Springs. proached the head- waters of Charlie Apopka Creek, which occupy a slough midway between Pease River and a chai lakes eastward, hammocks
a r came one view aan we passed through ogee areas of hard- f wrecked hammocks. In nee the seelerone of bane of large live-oak trees stood and, instead of being surrounded with their eal associates of herbaceous and shrubby growth, had nothing but coarse weeds about them
48
Eastward of Charlie Apopka Creek, we again approached the lake region, meeting first a prairie-like condition of the “scrub.”
winter flower gardens. These flowers held sway just as did the ferns at Inverness. The beria which we met with in the “scrub” west of eorge during the previous week, red his composite shrub, endemic in peninsular Florida, is said to be exceptionally handsome when in conspicuous all winter when in frui acc t n rous tufts of brown pappus persistent in the involucres Me b’’ prickly-pear was ther h rple fruit: ost conspicuous plant in bloom was a member of knot- weed family, Thysanella robusta. This s to be primarily a winter bl Individual plants form clumps mostly two to four feet in diam e ith numerous feathery plumes of
myriads of white flowers
dainty flower of the region was the re This mint-
It is said usually
18st Ul 1 q W1Y 9Yy) JO} paweu ‘zssanD wniuadspy SLIP “epr4o[y jo qed yey?
wory UMOUy ey yt -20P quaurutosd aIOU ay ‘paysinZurystp aq Avur susay jo Spuly WUSIaYIp XIS SEO] TY
“SUIa} YA Pp it pap: dy} YI UOed B JO apis JeNoIpuadiag “*gIGI ‘saquiadaq] ‘eproyy ‘ejoaulg IJwau 079013 UII} UT
bee AIVIg NAGUVS) IVOINVLOG NYOR MAN SHI gO TwNAnof
49
relative grew with wand-like branches several feet tall, each soon on our way eastward. Outside of Sebring we “negotiated '’ some sand-hills with difficulty, but soon came into
wood: understand the phenomenon until we had almost gotten out of the woods. The epee ilnsion was oe by teeing out on an
prairie, ie there it was, flanked with pine woods and hammock slay all of
rt Everglades an e echobee basin wi he Kissimmee pi
We crosse rbuckle Creek, drove cad to the southeast and ran between Lake Istokpoga and the Kissimmee River. There the prairie became dotted with hammocks and cypress- heads of various siz
Lake pata ae te Lake Okeechobee, has several feeders,
his d
P. among other deciduous and the live-oak copiously draped with Spanish-m were numerous and the southern- elder eee dntrmati) formed dense thickets. In t
Otc course, only th 1 No less than five Lake Okeechobee ce ei eastern coastal region, anda inne canal cane to connect Lake Istokpoga with Lake Okeechobee is under constructio
50
stream itself were spatter-docks (Nymphaea), water-lilies (Ca, Es aise and maiden- cane (Panicum hemitomon We reached t i
while those of the Kissimmee basin have maintained the names given them by the Indians.
We crossed the Kissimmee River just above the site of Fort Bassinger. For several miles on the eastern side of the River t nm
Onothohatchee or Taylor’s Creek about three miles from Lake
en we had gone only a short distance from Bassinger the timer of our motor broke down, but the moonlight was so bright
amp. more on the trail we sped along, going in all directions of aa compass
51
in order to dodge sloughs and ponds, but whichever way w: turned the trail always brought us back to the southeast. The of thi so
during the Seminole Wars, and now circumstances brought the writer there at night. :
Animal life was more conspicuous on the prairie at night than were plants. Various quadrupeds and numerous birds scattered as we approached them
Not asign of civilization came to view until we saw the lights
country we had traversed before. We did not stop at Okee- chobee City, but continued our journey and headed for Fort Pierce.
We had looked forward to smooth riding from Okeechobee to Miami; but we were sorely disappointed and had it forcibly
fo) midnight or in eighteen hours traveling time from Arcadia. iami was our objective, as already stated, and we decided to make it by six o’clock in the mornin he main question was how to keep awake on the Jast eae f the twenty-four hour drive. Mr. DeWinkeler agreed i uld kee;
tunate that it broke down there, as we wanted several plants from the hammock. While the timer was being repaired, a secon
52
e by moonlight, the writer hunted the hammock for the ae plants, with the aid of the flash-light we had been saving for just such an occasion, and secured them without, ie picking up a rattle-snake or coralsnake.
The plant particularly wanted was a little Peperomia referred xo) previous paper.? Es pecial interest in it had developed since the eens excursion, on account ens close relative fodnd in aioe caves nea: above
he Pineola is th he Peperomia
first found in the United States in eastern Florida in the earlier part o last century, and mentioned abov e wee before our discovery of it near the western coast, Charles T Simpson ohn Soar found it growi masse on shell ounds south of Dayt on the eastern coast. therwise,
for a hundred years, it was known only from the shell mounds near the mouth of the Saint John’s River. It is endemic in Florida.
The little plant from the hammock south of Fort Pierce turns out to be the same as the one we collected in Snake Hammock near Coot Bay back of Hiaminge: Cape Sable, in the spring of
of the genus, instead of two species, or one representing each of two groups.
We traveled on over the high sand-dunes in the vicinity of Hobe Sound and Jupiter, end shortly came into view ies West Palm Beach. There, the on 1 us to
rea Miami shortly after sunrise safe and sound, bar. Goan confronted by a full day’s work on our specimens
SOUTHERN EVERGLADE REGION
The remaining day available for field work was devoted to es 2 midway between oe Palm Hammock and Cape
19:77. 1918.
53
. This excursion was made seeatBie by the roadbed of the Ingram Highway, Miami to Cape Sable, and lateral canal en ae construction, We drove our car as far as the b al cf d, d one | the pa had eecaated a chaanel in the mote boat belonging to the dredge. We passed within sight of Hammer Key, wher
A ee | I J +} ay - 1 J af 1
t judgi ngteon our ial inati Their characteristic vegetation, however, is set to be studied. h ost striking growth on the low prairie several miles
scattered on the anges cows so many gray specters with scraggy outstretched a: About ten miles See of Royal Palm Hammock the rock changes from the Miami odlite to the Lossmans River limestone. t
latter. The conspicuous difference in the ha °
the L ans River limestone is the saw-cabba: Im (Paurotis Wrightit), raising its crowns above the other vegetati his palm was maturing its fruits about the i he numerous elongate spadices bearing myriads of berries were very conspicuous, kena the half ripe fruits which were bright red, so brilliant that the large plumes resemble tongu
of flame above the pes hammock vegeta ion. Occasionally e,
only a. but abundant. Two kinds grew there, represent- i i One (Vani
mm abundance, and is leafless. Each of these orchids had been
‘J lof the Ni ical di 7. I9tg.
54
found in Florida only once before, and en times in hammocks on the Lossmans River limestone. Another kind of vanilla (Vanilla i C
al Florida not more than ten miles from the locality where we found the two species mentioned abov
Aside from the excursion to Pensacola, more than twelve d miles in the peninsula were covered both for making
graphs of the fern-grottoes and caves, and of other localities that in the near future will be much ner or destroyed joun K.
SATURDAY AND SUNDAY SPRING LECTURES, 1920
Free public lectures will be delivered in the lecture hall of the
will be simple and popular, so that the average high-schoo! pupil should readily Meee them The Sunday lectures are peng inaugurated this spring, with
in May and June will be open both on Saturday a Sunday, as heretofore.
A number of very interesting subjects will be presented in these courses; and many of the lecturers, who are prominent
55
and busy men, have inconvenienced themselves considerably to Mr. Jo.
A covered by oS ditnguished surgeon: Dr. Robe t T. Morris, 4 ; ;
nut trees. Professor Massey, of Cornell University, is an expert on rose diseases; Mr. Wister is President. of the new American Iris Society ;—the other lecturers are well i own to our members. Bannwart, of Newark, New Jersey, will close the spring course on May 30 with a lecture appropriate to Decoration Day. SATURDAY LECTURES
April 17. eave Gardening,” Mr. J. G. Cur
April 24. ‘With John Burroughs at cee Dr. G.G.,
May 1. ‘Flowers for the Home Garden,” Mr. G. V. Nas. 8. “Plant Motives in Primitive and Egyptian poe: Murrill.
tive A r. (Exhibition of Flowers, May 8 and 9.) May 15. ‘‘Floral and Scenic oe of Chile,” Mr. G. T.
S. May 22. “The Dependence of Animals on Plants,” Prof. W. May 29. “Growing and Grafting Nut Trees,” Dr. R. T.
S. June 5. ‘‘The Diseases of Roses,” Prof. L. M. Mas June 12. ‘The History and Development of the ne” Mr.
J.C. Wister (Exhibition of Roses, Peonies, and Irises, June 12 and 13.) une I “New York as a Center for the Amateur Eee
Herrington.
56
SUNDAY LECTURES Hae 18. ‘‘The Big Trees of neuriaaee Dr. H. A. Gleason. Ap Bee
May 2. ‘Vegetables for the Home Garden,” Mr. H. Findlay. ay “The ae of Plants as Compared with mals, . W. Oliv
(aon o Flowers, ae
16. “Late Spring eee Dr. N. L. Bri Ma . 2 “Plant Motives in Greek and la Cheon
Decorative Art,” Dr. W. A. Murrill.
30. ‘Historic and Memorial Trees,” Mr. Carl Bann- wart W. A. MuRRILL
HARDY WOODY PLANTS IN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (Continued) LEACEAE. Olive Family Forestiera Anas PRIVET FORESTIERA. ocation: Fruticetu Natural cn Souttieastetn United States. ’ Chionanthus. Frincz TREE Chionanthus vir; om FRINGE TREE. Location: icetu Natural pens Southeaucig United States. Ligustrum. PRrivET Ligustrum acuminatum. SHARP-POINTED PRIVET. Location: i
pan. Ligustrum acuminatum var. macrocarpum. LARGE-FRUITED SH. T
Natural disteibutiens Aiate region, China, and Japan.
57
Ligustrum Thota. TBota PRIVET. ocation: Natural reece esa and China. wees Ibota var. Regelianum. REGEL’s PRIvET. ation: Fruticetum. Lake Bridge tec ovali Sin. CALIFORNIA Priver.
Location: Fruti Natural distribution: Ja Ligusti ovalifol:
Ligue ovali telae var. elegantissimum. ELEGANT CALI- A PRI
pie etum. Ligustrum Quihoui. QuiHov’s PRIVET.
Ligustrum sinense v: onan STAUNTON’S CHINESE PRIVET. cation: Fruticetum.
Natural distribution: China and Corea.
acid vulgare. Coxmon PRIVET Locatio
etum. Natural ee nee Europe, northern Africa, and western
Gea vulgare var. buxifolium. Box-LEAVED ComMMON P
urope. Ligustrum vulgare var. sempervirens. EVERGREEN CoMMON Location: Fruticetum.
LOGANIACEAE. Logania Family Buddleia. SumMMER Litac Buddleia Davidi. SumMMER LILAc. Locatio ice Natural epi Chinas
58
Buddleia Davidi var. magnifica. Crepz SuMMER LILAC. ones Fruticetum.
Buddleia Davidi var. superba. BriGHT-EYED SUMMER LILAC. Location: eae tum.
Dorrit Davidi var. Veitchiana. VEITCH’s SUMMER LILAC. Location: Fruticetum.
Buddleia nivea var. eae YUNNAN SUMMER LILAC. Location: Fru Natural pte aie Southesa China.
ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family Marsdenia. MARSDENIA Marsdenia erecta. Harpy MARSDENIA.
Location: eee atural d Europe and Syria.
VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family allicarpa. CALLICARPA Callicarpa japonica. JAPANESE CALLICARPA. Location: Fruticetum. Natural distribution: Jap Callicarpa purpurea. cae CALLICARPA. Location: Fruticetum Natural distribution: Tapan and China. Vitex. CHASTE-TREE Vitex apiece CHASTE-TREE.
Locatio: um. et Hae ion: — Europe and western Asia. Vitex Negundo var. incisa. CuT-LEAVED CHINESE CHASTE- TREE.
Location: Frutic Natural Gee Nowhet China and Mongolia. Clerodendron. CLERODENDRON hai cee ig KusaGi Locatio: cetum. Ver tes Japan.
59
SOLANACEAE. Potato Family Lycium. Matrimony VINE Lycium chinense. CHINESE MatRIMONY VINE. Location: Fruticetum.
China. Lycium halimifolium. Matrimony VINE. i ticetum. Natural ee China to southeastern Europe.
sien ne Figwort Family mon. BEARD-TONGUE Penstemon Sense ame S BEARD-TONGUE. Location: Fru um. Natural ae Northwestern North America.
Paulownia. PAULOWNIA Paulownia tomentosa. PauLownia. Location: Arboretum. Mansion. Drinking fountain south-
east 0 useum. Natural distribution: Central China. BIGNONIACEAE, Trumpet-creeper Family Bignonia. TRUMPET-CREEPER Bignonia radicans. —TRUMPET-CREEPER.
Location Natural nee Eastern North America.
Catalpa. CATALPA sees meg 4 (Catalpa Baer INDIAN BEAN. Loc: : Arboretum. Harlem Depot plaza. Along road S mt Mu useum to Elevated Approach. Natural distribution: Southeastern United States. Cataipa Catalpa var. nana. Dwarr INpian Bean. mM
Catalpa hybrida. tiv: BRID INDIAN BEA cation: Arboretum. Harlem eae plaza. Horticultural origin.
60
Catalpa ovata (Catalpa Kaempferi). KArMPFER’S CATALPA. Location: Arboretum. Herbaceous Grounds. Natural distribution: Chi RUBIACEAE. Mapper Family ephalanthus. BuTTon-BUSH Cephalanthus occidentalis. BuTToN-BUSH. Location: East end of Boulder Bridge. Wild, in wet places.
Natural distribution: Eastern North America.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family
Sambucus canadensis. SwEET ELDE Location: Fruticetum. eee Crsatde Aquatic Gar- en, common in wet pla Natural pene Eastern Re Anes
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR FEBRUARY
ofessor W. A. Setchell of the Department of Botany of the University of California addressed the Conference of the Sci entifi a
ntific 5 and Registered Students of nin Febru
on the subject ‘‘The Geographical Distribution of the Marine
Spermat tes."". He reported that there are 34 or 35 well-
recognized species of seed plants that live in the waters of the
ocean ese belong in eight genera as follow ae nalus Thala ssta of the fa _ aritaceae
pagan of the Po io dapctenace
All species of these two families are eaquate Of the 35 species
A summary was given ‘of the various investigations eee of the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of these plan
erature requirements a the various species as revealed by their geographical atte
61
This together with the data regarding these species and especially hos Hi
e ne: future. A summary of the principal points of general interest ai : ie presented by Prolesor Setchell is as follows: largely made up of ree surrounded ee a medium whioee fig ane at any given t fthe plant. The species of Phyllospadix alone present to a ecrtain extent, at least, the temperature con- ditions of terrestrial spermatophytes in that, at periods of low they h i
water, t oots in soil (or san f one temperature and their leaves in air of another. The majority of the marine spermatophytes live under a + uniformity of temperature conditions than do the terrestrial eee phytes.
2 ine sperma s live under conditions very similar to those experienced algae ai
of view and may be supposed to eta the normal type in pee arco . e are certain species which extend over two zones of em: ible
temperati It s possible in these cases, a: has also seemed possible in the cases of certain marine algae, to regard these marine spermat tes as norma! to zone whenc they invade the other because they find in certain localities of the invaded zone their er t erature ions of he marine spermatophytes, also like those of the marine algae, proceed i directi in the cases of the two-zoned species, viz. warmer into a colder zone because of the existence
from a colder into a warmer zone because of a seasonal lowering of the temperature of the warmer zone or portions of it.
‘5. There are a few species which are credited to more than
d such are also found among the marine
62
algae. It may be that these species being normal to one temper- n
b on direction from the normal zone, as in the case of Halophila ovalis, 0
be the case a ostera mart:
“6. Finally attention may be call the difficulties attendi
e study of the Seles of a species caused by the incom- pleteness of our knowledge of its homogeneity or the lack of it, its persistence th ju or more seasons, its dependence up pore reprod or its ability to persist through vegetative multiplication, its sea: of flowering, fruiting, etc., 1 fferent portions of its ran any difference in habi in different
such species before we may feel certain that we are in an siti very extensive distribution A. B. Srovut, Secretary of the Conference.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Professor W. C. Coker, of the University of North Carolina, spent the latter part of March at the Garden consulting the mycological herbarium and the library.
Professor H. S. Jackson, of Lafayette, Indiana, spent several
the rusts for North American Flora Dr. Alfred Rehder, of the Arnold Arboretum, visited the Garden on March 16 for the study of various woody plan
63
Mr. C. H. Bissell of Southington, Conn., was a recent visitor.
Mead Wilcox, for some years Professor of Botany in
in its study of the island’s flora Professor Jacques Hadamard, Collége de ae hat mathematician and botanist, e ae t and is expecting to make botanical Siesions in the Gulf ae the West Indies and Panama.
W. A. Murrill lectured in Chicago on ‘Edible ae Poison- ous peter before the Convention of the W
2, and evening of March 23 _ An exceptionally good collection of fungi, consisting mainly of ane s lypores, accompanied by complete field notes, has e Mr. W
n to the Garden from Toledo, Ohio, by Ce
A large series of ferns and flowering plants from Mexico and ntral America recently received from the National Museum is being installed and incorporated in the Garden Herbarium.
Two valuable collections of plants from the little known Big
° by press Sem Indians. This is the bet ilgten of its kind brought together.
64
. H. M. Denslow, a member of the Torrey. Botanical Club and our most experienced local student of orchids, has com-
each species the states from which we have representatives.
The attendance at the Greenhouse lectures at Range 2 was
cellent in spite of the unusually severe weather ae
Ilustratin g the lectures with living plants stimulated much erest many questions were asked.
The first class in advanced biology in the Evander a ac School visited the Garden on March 12 to s ad the s
ens of fungi in the Museum. Mr. George T. Hastings was in chee of the class and Dr. Seaver and Dr. ret gave brief
Iks.
The making of new concrete benches for the Propagating House is nearly completed. These are long-needed improve- ments. Also a new tank i is under construction.
Meteorology for January.—The total precipitation for the month was 2.593 inches of which 0.725 i nches (7+ inches snow h
35° on the 21st and 53° on the 27th. The minimum tempera- tures were a on the 5th, 10° on the 6th, 5” on the 16th and 4° on the
Meteorology ie February.—The total precipitation at the New : ork Botanical Garden for the month was 4.17 inches including he
and on the 22d, and 44° on the 24th. The minimum tempera- tures were — 4° on the rst, a on the oth, 8° on the 16th, 13° on the 17th and 6° on the 2
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Fritz Achelis,
Edward D. Adam:
Charles B. Aisaed
Vincent Astor, ecl er,
John W. Auchincloss, Bernhard ree eorge F. Baker, Henry R. Ho:
Stephen Baker, Archer M. ence
Edmund L, Baylies, Adrian Iselin,
Dr. Walter B. James, Walter B. Jennings, illings, Otto H. n,
George Blumenthal, Prof. James F, Kemp,
George S. Brewster, Darwin P. Kingsley,
Prof. N. L. Britton, Edw. ;
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. R. Ledoux,
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, H. Carpenter, Adolph Lewisohn,
David Lydig, Kenneth K, Mackenzie,
Hon. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy,
C. A. Coffin, dgar L. Marston, Samuel P. C . J. Matheson, Edmund C. Converse, Dr. William H. Maxwell,
3 fy ro) B =
Ogden Mills,
James B. Ford, n. Ogden L. Mills, ry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Norton, urry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olcott,
J. Horace Harding, Prof. H fi
5 ty F. Osbo: J. Montgomery Hare, Chas. ees Pack,
Members of the Women’s Aux
Mrs, George A. aaa Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Robert B. M
Miss Blab Ain, Mrs, N, L. B
Mire: Charles MacVeagh, rs. V. Everit Macy, enry Marquand, nh George W. Perking
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
George W. Perkins, Henry Phipps,
F. R. Pierson,
James R. Pitcher, Ira A. Place,
Hon. Anning S. Prall,
Prof. at H. Rusb;
Valentine P. ia aan James Spe’
Francis L. Teicha Frederick ie ce Stur ve 8.
B.B. Tha
Charles G. Sues. Dr.W. Gilman Thompson,
Eat 1 Winthrop iliary
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Miss Harriette Rogers, rs. Jame!
in Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman,
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F.
Sturgis,
Mrs. F. F. Thompsos.
PUBLICATIONS
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, money a on Free to all membe:
of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. INot grate in ex- nge s volumes
| Mycol incite foe is; containing technical articles and n Jae notes of general interest, and an index to current American mjologal iteratare $4.00 a year; single Fn not for he (Not offered in exchange.] Now s twelfth volume. Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored om shone y a pe: description Se flowe ering p WO 1 Subscription price, “$10. 00 a year. [Not offered in eae ; Nae
mas) » oe) Bo =]
Bulletin of Gis New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- i i out in Garde
North nm Flora. pang ag of the wild p! of North America, inc ae poranot the West Indie: sn Central ede Aas i be completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. a h volume to consist of four or more parts. Saale price, $1.50 per part; a limited number of pile parts
e sold 2.00 e ]
Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, es part 3, 1015. Typ eae—Poace eae (pars). pel 21, part I, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodianeas-aallia
Vol. 22, parts I and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918.
Rosaceae.
Vol. 24, part I, 1919; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. ol. 3 ceae. Vol. 32, part 1, 1918. ames pars). Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, TO1Si jee 3, 7016 US eeamee age Memoirs of the New York B f the Garden, $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offered in exchan,
Mac ‘i
Vol. III. Studies of brags Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii +138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909.
ol. IV. Effects of fe Rays of Ragium = leapt by Charles Stuart Gager. viii + 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 p!
Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New Yor Rid ‘Contribution to Plant Geography by Norman Taylor. vi + 683 pp., with 9 a eS.
‘ol. VI. Papers verre at the Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many text figures. 1916.
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members of the staff, bu reprinted from journals other ee the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 p bie In the ninth
volum
NEW YORE pilates GARDEN ronx Park, New York City
‘ ‘ 4
a | Vol. XX!
April, 1920 No, 244
JOURNAL OF E]
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS
Pa Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York Botanical Gar- den duri
Goto THCIA ELV Cy C) metpeven ties. Weer tari irs) ic fleet et 10 Uribe MAUENPanlOWNiA: TICOR silky sec 8/8 Ho) arte a wel Scbdeteee sh w ea 72 Hardy Woody Plants in The New York Botanical Garden... ........ 14 PPRLONGH NNTONY inetd velba leon ay ke Me dca, Mie Tata diet tua ee wow 78 Notes, News and Comment... -- + 2-0 ett te es 79 HA NTOTIMNN AA a EL Sie Sy Giawlh orp (a a ar aiMare Ge ell acasnihe Sela eblalier (e's 80
PuBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Ar 41 Norru Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Tur New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS 1920
Presipent—W,. GILMAN penta FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON Vicz-PRESIDENTS EDW Hes S TreEasuRER—JOHN L, MERRILL i AssisTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE . Sgcretary—N. L. BRITTON :
“< is Bea
1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1921 ‘ N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. ve FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires ee PAUL D. Wiel ORGE W. PERKINS MURRY GUGGEN HEIM FRANCIS S LYNDE STETSON ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY Term expires January, 1923 EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. pz FOREST i P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K, STURGIS 2, EX-OFFICIO msg tana Tue Mayor or THE City or New York HON. JOHN F. HY LAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF, FREDERIC S, LEE . DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS c PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAR DR. N. L. BRITTON, ee Chief eee opment, emer
R. FRED J. SEAVER, Cu rator (Flowerless sien | 4 aes S. WILLIAMS, Administrative ag ‘ant t WILSON, Associate Cur DR. MS ANCIS W. PENNELL, pets pon GEORGE V. Ae Head Gardener and seas ae Plottion DR. OUT, Director of the DR. Youn’ ee BARNHART, "Biblographer SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian R, H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Pa: ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil "Plante DR. WI 7 emis
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, pases i of Buildings bs Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI April, 1920 No. 244
PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF. SCHOLARS AND OF THE NEW YORK ae ARDEN DURING THE YEAR 19
Andrews, A. L. A. Hesselbo—The Bryophyta of Iceland. Bivolisist 22:4. 20F 1919. [Review Bryological notes—V. Scapania ee from Norway. Torreya 19: 49-51. 14 My 1919. Mosses of Madagascar. Bryologist 22: 27, 27. 15 Jl 1919. ieee 5 Not
n North American Sphagnum—VIII. Bryolo- gist 22: ere Issue for S 191 art, - H. Brackenridge and his book on ferns. Jour. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 117-124. Issue for Je 1919.
— fictitious botanists. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: ees Issue for S 191
port of the Bibiographer (for 1918). Bull. N. Y. Loe 10: 43, 44. 12 a. E. P. The ferns and eee plants ie Nantucket— XX. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 423-440. 8 D1 Boynton, K. R. Sedum spectabile. Addisonia 4: 3. pl. 122.
Eupatorium coelestinum. Addisonia 4: 39, 40. 30
919. Arctotis grandis. Addisonia 4: 45, 46. pl. 143. 30 S 1919. Centaurea montana. Addisonia 4: 57. pl. 149. 30S 1919. 65
66
Lilium Henryi. Addisonia 4: 65, 66. pl. 153. 31 D
Poinsettia heterophylla, Addisonia 4: 77, 78. pl. 159-
31 D toig. Britton, E. G. West Indian mosses in Florida. Bryologist 22:2. 20 : 191 Ss ly pt “A revision of the North American species by pes Coker. Bryologist 22: 3,4. 20 F 1919. [Re- view.] —— Annual reports—Sullivant Moss Society—1918. Re- port of the President. oe 22:5-7. 20F 1919 Plants in ornament. Bull. Met. Mus. Art 14: 51, 52. 1919. [Illust.] The Swiss League for the aa of Nature. Tor- reya Ig: IOI~-102. 9 Je 19 [Review]. The re- distovers ay “Fissidens Donnellit Aust. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 138-142. pl. 233. Issue for J! 1919. Report of the Honorary Curator of Mosses (for 1918). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 55, 56. 12 My 1919 Britton, N. L. Dr. Henry Allan oe appointed First Assis- tant. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: oO. sue for F ae large tulip tree struck . eae Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 160. Issue for Au 1919. Addisonia: its progress and nag Jour. N. Y. 1
Bot. Gard. 20: 181, 182. Issue for
The ce survey of Poe Rico and the Virgin Islands. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 220-221. Issue for N 1919. Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the
: . 10: . M 19. Britton, N. L., & Rose, J. N. The Cactaceae. Descriptions
’ and illustrations of plants of the Cactus family, i-vii + 1-23 r I-3o1. Washington. eis. Gleason, H. A. The competition in decorative design. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 124-126. sue for Je 191
; 20: 919. omplimentary dinner to Dr. Britton. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 126,127. Issue for Je 1919.
67
— eae is ecology? Torreya 19: 89-91. 9 Jl 1919.
SS ‘onomic Sa in Vernonia and related genera. Bull. Torey Club 46: 235-252. 31 Jl 1919.
s dahurica in Michigan. Torreya 19: 141, 142.
Notes of the introduced flora of the eh lake region. Mich. Acad. Sci. Ann. Rep. 20: 153. 22 N trac
[Abstract]. Scirpus validus for oe procambium. Mich. Acad. Sci. Ann. Rep. 20: 153. 191g. [Abstract.
€p. 20: 15, Variability in Rowersunber in Vernonia missurica Raf. Amer. Nat. 53: 526-534. 19
Harlow, S. H. Reson of the ie ior 1918). Bull. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1 ee I yi
Hollick, A. Report of the neues Curator of the a of fossil ere ae 1918). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 54, 5 12 My Ig19.
Howe, M. A. On some fossil and recent Lithothamnieae of the Panama Canal Zone. Smithsonian Inst. Nat. Mus. Bull 103: I-13. I-1I. 19 F 1919
Da hlia: as and their culture. Jour. Hort. Soc. New
York 11: 285-311. pl. a5 +f. 5 F 1919. eine ited in
ane and modified form in Gardeners’ Chronicle of Amer-
ica 23: nae 154. My 1919.
tiary calcareous algae from the islands of St. ctcnnee. ntigua, and Anguilla. as oe of Washington Publ. 291: 11-1 1. 1-6. Or
Mackenzie, K. K. Hapalenun Sean Rina 4: 23, us 132. 30 Je 1919
Murr: . A. Insects aeaceng ae trees. Jour. N. Y. ae ae 20:5,6. Issue for Ja 19
George Francis Atkinson. ee II: 95, 96.
19. pat and children. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 61-63. Issue for Mr 1919.
The Naturalist in a boarding school. 1-276. pl. 2. New York. 21 Ap 1919.
68
The exhibit of ae forms used in design. Jour.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 75-86. pl. 230, 231. Issue for Ap 1919. Natural History of Stainton, Virginia. 1-216. pl. 4
New York. 9 M Til *
ee.
g X. Mycologia 11: loI-103.
pl. 6. 7 Je 1919;—XX XI. oe 11: 289-292. pl. 13. 15 D 1919.
— Bahama fungi. Mycologia II: 222, 223. 30 Au I9I9.
Fungi from Ecuador. Mycologia 11: 222, 223. 30 Au
A new species of Lentinus from Minnesota. Mycologia I1: 223,224. 30 Au 1919.
—— Queer a growths. Mycologia 11: 225, 226. fir. 30Autr
Some cewited species of Poria. Mycologia 11:
231 Ree 18 919.
Cleese fungi in Virginia. Mycologia 11: 277-279.
18 O IgIg.
—__— AA field meeting of pathologists. Mycologia 11: 308- 312. pl. 15. 15 D 1919. Dr. William Gilson Farlow. Mycologia 11: 318.
15 D 1919.
A a oe on twigs of Asimina. Mycologia,
1I:319. If O1
An orange- einer puffball. Mycologia 11: 319, 320.
15 D 1919.
A meeting of pane on Long Island. My- cologia II: 320, 32I. I5
——. Boleti from ee. Mycologia 11: 321, 322. 15 D 1919.
Report of the Assistant Director (for 1918). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 23-30. 12 My tg1g.
Nash, G. V. Hardy woody plants in the New York Botanical Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 315-318; 20: 11-14, ee 67-70, 87-90, 107-I1I, 128-132, 144-148, 164-167,
eee succulenta. Addisonia 4: 5, 6. pl, 123. 31 Mr gig.
69
Celastrus articulatus. Addisonia 4: 9, I0. pl. 125. 31 Mr 1919.
—— Forsythia Fortunei. Addisonia 4: 17, 18. pl. 129. 31 Mr 1919.
—— Malus Halliana. Addisonia 4:27. pl. 134. an 1919,
——— Crataegus macrosperma. Addisonia 4: 35. 138. 30 Je 1919
Odie arboreum. Addisonia 4: 37, 38. pl. 139. 9%
The Digger Lae in the Botanical oe Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 127, 128. Issue for Je 19 — Paphopeddan Rothschildianum. aie 4: 41, 42. pl. 147. 305 1919. Hamamelis virginiana. Addisonia 4: 43, 44. pl. 142.
30S I91
Lae spathulata. Addisonia 4: 47. pl. 144. 305 1gt9.
Orontium aquaticum., Addisonia 4: 51, 52. pl. 146.
30 S IgI9. —— Viburnum Lantana. Addisonia 4: 55, 56. pl. 148. 30 S 1919. — Bryophyllum crenatum. Addisonia 4: 65. pl. 152. 31
1919. of Calpodendron. Addisonia 4: 67, 68. pl. 154. 31 Dig
Blan multiflora. Addisonia 4: 69, 70. pl. 155. 31 D1
Buibopisan grandiflorum. .Addisonia 4: 71, 72. pl. 156. 31 D 1919 —- Euonymus on Addisonia 4: 75. pl. 158. 31 D
Report of the Head rend (for 1918). Bull. N. Y¥. Bot. Gard. 10: 30-35. 12 My
Pennell, F. W. Corrections es names of Soe plants. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 319. Issue for D 19
Concerning duplicate types. ag Ig: 13, 14.
919.
70
Some remarks upon Limosella. Torreya 19: 30-32. F 1919
Bysenhari, N. A. 134-40. 25 Ap 1919. Not pans of - pi hae United oe Bull. Tome an 46: 183-187. 23 My, 1919. ‘enstemon cobensus: Addisonia 4: 31, 32. pl. 136. 30 Je 19 ——— ee eee of the local flora—1. Torreya 19: 1o7-119. 7 Au r919;—II. Torreya Be 43 152. 7S 1919; III. Torreya 19: 161-171. 28 O 1 —IV. Torreya 19: 205-216. 18 D1
1919. Penstemon hirsutus. Addisonia 4: 49, 50. pl. 145. 30S IgI9.
Alonsoa meridionalis. Addisonia 4: 59, 60. pl. 150. 30S 1919
A brief conspectus of the species of Kneifia, with the characterization Ae a new allied genus. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 363° - 17 gelia shai. Addisonia 4: 73, 74. pl. 157.
31 D 191 . Penstemon tenuiflorus. Addisonia 4: 79, 80. pl. 160. 1 O 1919. Rusby, H. H. Some blueberries of ae tae N. H. Jour. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 211-216. ue for N 1
The New York Botanical Cae. The Pe eaters Era 38: 197-200. Au1gig. [lllust.]
Report of the Honorary Curator of the oe Seren (for 1918).. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 51-54.
Brats 2 a (Rosales) Fabaceae. Psoraleae. N. A. FI.
25 Ap 1919. A new genus of plants a between Pefalos- temon ante Parosela. Jour. N. Y. . Gard. 64-66.
I919
hytogeographical notes on the Rocky Mountain ee Bull. Torrey Club 46: 295-327. 27S 19
—— y to the ne Mountain Flora 1-305. New an
191g.
71
Seaver, F. J. a of the truffle industry in America. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 19: 307-309. pl. 223. Issue cee 1918. The bagworm or i eee eed Jour Y. Bot. - Gard. 20: 135-138. pl. 232. Issue for J] 1919. mall, J. K. Ferns of Royal Palm Hammock. i-vii + 1-39. . oN
Narrative of a cruise to oe Okeechobee. Am. Mus. Jour. pe a 700. Ja I9I9 oe pears of Florida. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 21-39. pl. 224-226. Issue for F 1919. ane ee Addisonia 4: 21, 22. pl. r3r. 30 Je a
iotropium polyphyll Addisonia 4:25, 26. pl. 133.
30 Je 1g
Hetrpiom Leavenworthii. Addisonia 4: 29, 30. pl. 135. 30 Je 1919. ee corallicola. Addisonia 4: 33, 34. pl. 137. 30 Je 1919. Coastwise dunes and lagoons. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20: 191-207. pl. 236-238. Issue for O 1919. Leucothoe Catesbaei. Addisonia 4: 61, 62. pl. 191. 31 D 1919. Report of the es Saal ged of ae eee and Her- barium. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 35-. 2 My 1919 Southwick, E. B. Alpine and ve Sa on We ee Bot. Gard. 20: 2-5. Issue for Ja 1919. Stout, A.B. Notes on an experiment with potash. Jour. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 19 Issue for D 191 Conference notes for November (1918). Jou. Bot. Gard. 19 -321. Issue for Dec. 1918;—for December
20: 103-107. Issue for My 1919;—for April 20: 142, 143
9. d variation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 5: 130-134.
f. 18.
Pp 1919. Intersexes in eae lanceolata. Bot. Gaz. 68: 109- 133. pl. 12, 13. 15 Au 1919.
72
Tulip Droppers. Jour. Int. Gard. Club 3: 463-472. pl. S 1919. ——— Report of the Director of a Laboratories (for 1918). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 45-47. 12 My 1919. Williams, R.S. Notes on some western Lichens. Bull. Torrey lub 46: 21-25. 20 Ja 1919. Eyl MS } b,
Bryologist 22:1. 20F 191g.
(Iilust.]
Archidium Cubense. ee 22:2. 20 F 1919. he genus Desmato in North America. Bull.
Torrey Club 46: 207-220. pl. rr. 8 Jl 1919
ABOUT PAULOWNIA TREES
For several years past an increasing number of young Paulow- nia trees have been observed within the New York Botanical
dred, and pods are produced very abundantly. The seeds are small and thin, readily transported to considerable distances on the Thee seeing Paulownias grow very rapidly during their t few years. The tree standing near the drinking fountain
8 growth of a tree sources sears old Deife thus aie three ft and probabl
at present; its trunk circumference in November 1919 at four
73
feet above the ground, is forty and one-half inches, its diameter therefore not quite thirtéen inches, and it has thus increased in
its life. an immense Paneunie praia aust south a ane
m. ler
was s constructed i in 1 1856, according to Mr. A H. Wallace, the
mason who, is a frequent visitor. Assuming that ths tree wi se out in 1850, it is about seventy years old; its height is score sixty feet and its trunk diameter is four feet one i ter years it has
decrepitude, severe pruning of large dead branches having been n ahr _ltam ye that this giant incividua is larger than the tree o: il apan, inasmuch SPaoleecoe “Miyabe told us during a recent visit that he had no
fo
rees of two and three years old bean enormous round leaves,
ily, near! fe) woody vines, to which the Catalpas belong, the last having large leaves similar to those of Paulownia—a relationship ih ago suggested by the famous Swiss botanist, A. P. Bode Can Was ky ue
74
HARDY WOODY PLANTS IN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
(Continued) Viburnum. VIBURNUM
Viburnum acerifoltium. Dockma
KIE. Location: Fruticetum. Trian ae east of Museum. Her- b i n
MANCHURIAN VIBURNUM.
cation: Fru Naturals a Nevtiets China and Manchuria. Viburnum Carlesii. FRAGRANT VIBURNUM.
Location: Fruticetu Natural eka Aeuheen North America. Viburnum dentatum ‘OOD. Location: Fruticetum. Natural eaiagie Eastern North America. Viburnum dila’ . THUNBERG’S VIBURNUM. Location: oe etum Natural sea China and eas Viburnum erosu Ero URN Location: cetu Natural oo ap Viburnum hupehense. ae VIBURNUM. ocation: Fruticetum. Natural distribution: Central China. Viburnum Lantana. WAYFARING TREE. Location: Fruticetum. Natural distribution: Europe ee western Asia. Viburnum Len ea NANNY-BER.
Location: Fruticetum Natural Ge Fasten cal pened
ild, sc
1 wt
Viburnum Seis oi LARGE-CLUSTERED VIBURNUM. Location: Natural er oie Chi Viburnum nudum. LarGEeR See ROD. et
United States. EUROPEAN CRANBERRY-TREE Location: Fruticetum. atural distribution: Europe, northern Africa, and northern Asia
Vivurauni Opulus var. nanum, Dwarr CRANBERRY-BUSH.
LA AW Location: ae Herbaceous Grounds. Wild, com-
eae distribution: Eastern United Sta Viburnum pubescens. Downy-LEAVED ee WOOD. Location: icetum. Natural aban Ease United States. Sou’
Viburnum UTHERN Biack Haw.
spends "Frutietum.
Natural d I United States. Viburnum Sargentii. CHINESE CRANBERRY-TREE.
Location: ticetum
Natural distibution: Noe thern China and Japan. Viburnum Sieboldi. SreBoLp’s VIBURNUM.
ocation: Fruticetum. East end of Long Bridge.
Natural eae Jap
Viburnum tomentosum. ee OOLLY VIBURNUM. Location: Fruticetum. Natural distribution: China and Japan.
76
Viburnum tomentosum var. plenum. JAPANESE SNOWBALL. Location:
Location: Prati tu
Natural di Viburnum v.
Locati
United States osum var. Canb y's ARROW:
yi. CaN ‘WOOD. etum. Triangle east at Boulder Bids: Nerina distabution: Delaware to Pennsylvania.
Symphoricarpos. SyMPHORICARPOS Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus. SmooTH SNOWBERRY. Location: ticetum. West of Museum. Natural distribution: Northern Nor n erica. Symphori s al ar. laevigatus variegatus. VARIEGATED SMOOTH cerned ia cation: Fruticetum Horticultural origin. Symphoricarpos occidentalis. WoLFBERRY. Location: Fruticetum. Natural distribution: Western North Am Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos (papier ies vulgaris). CORAL-BERRY. Location: etum. West of Museum. Natural distribution a United States keene a phoricarpos var. gareeauids VARIEGATED Cora: ation:
tk Horticultural origin.
Abelia. ra. GARDEN ABELIA Location: Fruticetum. nee bed 9. Hybrid.
ABELIA Abelia grandiflo:
77
Lonicera. HoNEYSUCKLE a Alberti. ALBERT’s HONEYSUCKLE. ion: Fruticetum
est
Lonicera alpigena. Mounrain Te odes
Location: Fruticetum.
Natural a eniniics and southern Europe. Lonicera bella. ZaBEL’s HONEYSUCKLE.
Location: ect
Hybrid. Lonicera bella var. albida. ZABEL’s WHITE HONEYSUCKLE.
ocation: Fruticetum
Lonicera bella var. atrorocea: ZABEL’s Dark RosE Honey
ree ‘ation: een
Lonicera bella var. candida. Z SS HOoNEYSUCELE Location: Fruticetum.
Lonicera bella var. rosea. ZABEL’s Rose HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Fruticetum.
Lonicera chaetocarpa. HAIRY-FRUITED HONEYSUCKLE.
Location: Fruticetum Natural distribution: West tern China. Lonicera chrysantha. YELLOW-FLOWERED HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Fruticetum. Natural detabuton Northeastern Asia to central Japan. Lonicera chrysantha var. Regeliana, REGEL’s HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Fruticetum. Lonicera coerulea var. dependens. TURKESTAN FLy-HONEY- SUCKLE. . Location: Fruti
Na rkestan. . i ulea var.edulis, SIBERIAN FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.
ocation: Fru
atural ee Sihefin and northern China
Lonicera coerulea var. Kirilovi. KiriLow’s Fiy-aonavsucan: Location: Fruticetum.
Natural distribution: Turkestan.
78 CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH rch Conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered 3d.
The Ma Students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of March
The flower in the genus Henini A Dr. F. W. Pennell. “The genus eee in Florida,” by Dr. J. K. Sma nnell discussed the sian of the flower of the gi
cs
the flower; (8) | union of parts, suns in the calyx and coro (c) tendency 1.é., irregular but bile symmetry; and (d) various s erepular and particular changes, such as may be reduced to no definite class. It was held tha
D ll reported on th ida species of Peperomia, narrating the history of the Hae of each, and showing speci- of the five known to date of these are Dr
ce. the pepper family, and in Florida is confined to the peninsula, mainly its southern subtropical portion.
STOUT
A.B. oT, Secretary of the Conference
79 NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Mr. F. S. Collins of North Easton, Mass., author of ‘The Green ee of North America’ ee other well-known works on the algae, was a visitor at the Garden on March 24
H. Guthrie Smith, of Tutira, New Ze aland, was a visitor
r. at the Garden April 2, en route to Scotland. Mr. Smith has
ye sects chief attention to: the introduction ct forsee plants.
ontrary t Hooker, he finds
are sedan if ever able to compete successfully with the mare vegetation, and are always limited to areas influenced by man. Dr. A. B. Stout, of the Garden staff, recently gave an address before Biological Club of Princeton University on the subject of ‘Fertility and Sterility in Plants.” A dendrograph has been installed on a maple in the Botanical Garden. This apparatus was devised by Dr. D. T. MacDougal,
‘un instrument oe such hee surometcally silage remarkable
properly except a weekly visit to remove and replace the record blanks and to wind the eight-day clock of the recording drum.
oO
with others obtained on various eine of trees growing i widely separated parts of the United Sta
Meteorology for March—The total precipitation for the wi inche: inc
mont as 3 inches of which 0.40 inches si measurement) fell as snow he maximum temperatures recorded for each week were 47° on the 5th, we on the fa .
Th temperatures were 11° on the 7th a the ah, 19° on ae 14th, 4° on the 19th, and 31° on the 2
80
ACCESSIONS PLANTS AND SEEDS 3 plants of Zygocactus. (Given by Mrs. E. Cornell.) I plant of Serissa foetide. (Given by Mr. E. D. Adams.) 6 plants of Taxus canadensis. (Given by Dr. L. R. Morris).
Port by Mr. D. W. M 5 plants for conservatories. (Gina by vile aaa through a : K. Small.). I Plant of baie (Given by Mrs. Simon Stern i Given by Mr. im L. Bryant.) plant of Dryopteris sega: (Given by aad eats Rapp.) 158 hardy woody plants.
hn Soar. 3p f itife iven by Mr. H. Wolfgang.) 1 f is Re (Given by Mr. H. W. Becker.)
I plant of Sansevieria. (Given by on S. A. Wad
pl imict (Given by Mr, ae Stuart.) i plant for conservatories. (Given by Mr. R. A. Gilliam.) 2 plant. if ii Y
(Given by Miss M. E, Kittredge.) 5 plants of Acacia. (Given by Mr. Louis Dupuy.) plants of Acecia for Range 2. (Purchased.)
8 plants of Nephrolepis. (Purchased.)
1: Victory Grove. (Purchased.) 50 plants of d (Pu: ney ) 41 Florida plants. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
7 plants of Lonicera plicata. wae by Mr. John Finley.) lant f, Santo Domi
n by Mr. W. L. Abbott 4 pl f 0: ia fi h (Collected by oe i} K. Small.) i Nortt Li (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
(Collected by Mr. J. A. Harris.) Ir plants of Gaylussacia brachycera from Perry Co., Penn. (Collected by Dr. J. K, Small.)
(Collected by Dr. J. K, Small.) 2 plants of sundew jaan New Jersey. Colles cted by Dr. ne W. Pennell.) J. A. Harris.) I ‘plant of ‘Agave Victoriae-Reginae, (By exchange a Mr. W. H. Bickel- haupt. 3 plants of yarrow. (By Bi S. Dept. of Agric.) 2 cactus plants. (By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) I f E. S. Dept. Agric.) 148 plants for coacervavsries and nurseries. Mee exchange with Bureau of Plant Industry. T plant of Cat tileya Trianae. (By exchange with Mr, Adam Muller.) 7 plants from the Bahamas. (Collected by Mr. L. I. Brace.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert “Abbe, Fri
Robert W. de Forest, Prof. W. J. Gies, Daniel Guggenheim,
1: Montgomery Hare,
Membe:
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. N. L. Britton,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Edward S. Harkness, P e
Frederic R. Newbold, C. D. Norton,
Eben E. Ole
Prof. =i as Gahan: Chas. Lathrop Pack,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs, Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. A. A.
- Mrs. Charles MacVeagh
Mrs. V. E
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
George W. eee
L. Stetson,
Be a Charles G. Thompson, Dr.W. Gil: SaeEhGtpaae
Bronson Winthrop, Grenville L. Winthrop.
ts of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, Harold I. Pratt, Miss Harriette Rogers, Mrs. James Roosevelt,
Mrs, Cabot Ward.
Pend Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompeoa. Mrs. F. K.
M ry Harriman, Mrs, ne Kane,
rgis,
PUBLICATIONS
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, containing notes, news, and non-technical articles of ge! a ee in a erest. Free to all members of the Garden. To others, 10 at a copy; a year. [Not offered in ex- change.] Now in its twenty-first volume.
| Mycologia, bimonthly, asta in color and ikea! devoted to fungi, including lichens; containi eae chnical articles and news and notes of pie: i dex ‘e oc t American mycological ieeetitey $4.00 a
exchange.] Now in its twelfth bak ie. A , quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates bape aera by aout escriptions cn flowerin hirty: each volume. ae ption price, “$10. 00 a year. [Not offered in pas n 0!
a =
two i in
in its fift : | Bulletin of iden pis Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports of the Director-in-Chief a other
cial documents, and technical articles em- ui ers of the cae to others, $3.00 per
North American vie ae of the wild plants of North Ameri icing Greenland, the West a eae Central 0!
rica. completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8 ach volume to consist of four or mor rts. ates ption price, $1.50 Es ; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for $2.0 h. [Not offered in exchang: » part I, 191 Nectriaceae—Fi ria
ceae. ol. 7, part 1, 1906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae eta) ti ar Hh, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae (pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately. Vol. 10, part I, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae Sag
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Rosai
Vol. mh part I, 1919; part 1920. Fabaceae (pars).
Vol. 25, part I, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae. vol. . Clethrac i id
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Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae.
Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Pric ne ne of the Garden,
a L
ac. ( 76 figures. 1903. Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains ane Kreischerville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., 9 plates. 1909. Effects of the Rays of Radium on Pega i oe Stuart Gager. viii + 28 PP. with 73 figures et 14 plates. Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity bs New York: a Connell to Plant Geography by eae Taylor. vi + 683 with 9 plat 1. VI. Papers presented ce PERE C Celebrating! of the Twentieth purges a nee New ir Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many 916.
figures. Contr ite tions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical pre sible by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from Nae ee n the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth
NEW YORK hee eae GARDE Bro: ark, New York City
~ Vol, XXI A May, 1920 No. 245
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS
Pacs Cypress and Populationin Florida .. 1... ee eee eee eee eee 81
Vocational Education in Gardening for Disabled and Convalescent Soldiers and MIDLAMEERE TEN ieee ea ener athe ar eae are gh agimeice ere ay ece 87 Trees Girdled by Meadow Mice. ...-.. SRE Te heh arate an a 94 MGOMEOTENCE NOLES. cis tl. thee ke ee we Beet ares ot eo Aare a 97 Notes, News and Comment... . - 6 2 tetee e e e eee 99 PRCHPRRIIBMIR ET SR EL ors. ccvatsttedtes oy ai tkattatece, © ee. enim ole aye er 99
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 4: NortH Quzen Srreet, Lancaster, Pa.
Tue New EraPrintinc Company
OFFICERS, 1920
Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON " FRANCIS ee STETSON Vick-PRESIDENTS EDWARD MS TrEASURER—JOHN L, me Assistant TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE Szcretary—N. L, BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires J eae
N. L. BRITTON WIS RUT THERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. ve FOREST TEPDEniC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires rents PAUL D. CRAVATH GEOR a W. PERKINS MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS pete STETSON ADOLPH LEWISOHN MYLES TIERNEY Term expires epee ne EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. vz FOREST re een DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
2, EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE Mayor oF THE City or New York ON. JOHN F. HYLAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PR man EUGENE a BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. = DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER Gu ANNING S. PRA OF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. ae TTON, Feu vieciae (Development, eeuerce Sebi
. GLEA , Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN K ae Heed Curator of ti Museums (Flowering Plants) . A, MUR Superv of P: oe. Instruction
eee reba "(ines ing Plants) DR. CMARSHALL ey HOWE, Curator (Flowers Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) an? ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant pies
DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Cur ee Sf Be Head Gardener and Curator of Penal TOUT, Director of the Laboratories DR OHN "HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer ARAH H. HARL , Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, ro: Matta + of the hie’ Pies ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator
neer lerk an ‘ountant ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
squg[d-are rayjo Ma} Ing ‘(4oFedo¢pusd) ssour EPUOp Jo saygyuend Jeoas Joqiey usijo sai] BY, | ‘ABOap 07 Ja] JO JoquIN] OPW] pawrs AAI Nasu0D TetaAas 10} Zuyuinq useq sey seoeld auros ur snumy San “aay &q Pp
Bayy ‘siead
P Wes
Pp q y suoljiod a8ieT YF Ul Szyst ! [ SOW BYF JO UO sasTIdWOD ‘vayoysIIyGC) BYe’T J s dA:
Sbz Sivig N#GHVD IWIINVLOG WIOA MAN FHL so TyNanof
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI May, 1920 No. 245
CYPRESS AND POPULATION IN FLORIDA THE RELATION OF PHYTOGEOGRAPHY TO THE DRIFT OF Popu- ATION AS SHOWN IN THE CASE OF TAXODIUM WITH PLATES 245-247
Some botanical genius with a taste for research will come along
ra T readjustment of floras which usually follow man’s advent in ew fields. It is in reference to what existed there before man’s advent, or before the pelea s eduent at any rate.
+
Consider the case of our for example— of Taxodium, ewes known as ey piene: bald-cypress, river- cypress, pond-cypress, whence the “wood-eternal’’ as the lumber advertisements have it.
The Casas range of this deciduous-leaved conifer—whence one it on names, bald-cypress—is confined almost wholly to ae aan and the Gulf Coasta. Plains, extending from southern N a sey to Florida, southern Indiana, southern
Missouri, and Tex The habitats ae assigned for it are “‘River-swamps usually
ses of Taxodium, generations of their less acute successors 1¢. S, Sargent, Manual of Trees of North America 72. 1905. 81
82
still recognized but one. Not until the beginning of ths aed were the two species again clearly segregated.1 In this connec- the above quo i
cited species ae to 18 18, whee its was s separated under varietal rank, ae asa until 1833.
But the point is thiee that less than ¢ a'score ane seeds ago the pee southern limit for the of either clea still coincided almost bay with the ene limit of
Florida’s modern development.
In leading works on trees* about the beginning of this present
nder bution of this conifer we may read “ . southwar
sh ape Rom Reads The italics are ours. two localities represented, as a t, not th hern limit of Taxodium, but of
West, made possible—even easy—access to a storehouse of botanical lore hitherto closed.
Curiously enough, the arbitrary line of division above detereea to also divides, in a general way, the higher portion of the state from the lower portion
1R, M. Harper, Bulletin of the “Torrey Botanical Club 29: 383-399. 1902; 32: 105-115. 1905.
*C. S. Sargent, Silva 10: 153. 1896; Manual of the Trees of North America 72, 1905.
“(2 i Syuv[d-41 ‘3 Ley 93} 1 F Yi JOsaaty oy] ‘suoyyesado Bursquiny ade] SUAUT [[EM UOrSar yey] JO sqzred satquOIy ay} OJU] siemysry pesodosd ynq ‘payeiseaap A[yea28 ueeq 3a Jou sey saidS3-puod ayy
Ajaejnoried ‘ernsuruad ayy 7 W y? UT JO yous ay «= ‘Bale JO sage AUBUT IaAO puajxe ABUT JO saat] Ma} & asyaduod Aeul speapy = ‘Spueijs ul wey} Speay uy aoul svoIT sayoads sty “duemsg ssaid<a Sig ay) ul peay ssoid{9-puog
ote divig NAQUVS ‘IVOINVIOG NYOA MIN AHL sO TwNAnoL
83
Strange that the Big Cypress Swamp—which has been so designated on maps of Florida, at pide since 1849—should have been excluded from this recorded f the cypress! Whence the name, if cypress did not Bou there? Likewise, on the lower eastern coast the cypress was not hidden from view,
re
a kept out of the records of distributio:
There are several ways to account for this rather striking political development a 6 rida—however much we lack the Diiytogecerapiue: ears but none is wholly lnaraues
hi
erhaps t neo ry i southward, they ilewed the line ot least resistance, which: in is case, W: igher part of the peninsula. s they pro-
ion nearly half a ee Du uri ane Ge ened; Florida mean-
from which
the red man was inven became dotted with forts, ae of which m
tern division of the peninsula, of co Man rts were located far down in the southe nd southwest. But here the lines of communication were so tenuous, and the swamps
—there are still miles of lonely wilderness
84
was these observations on the cypress slong the frontier the |
important forest and ‘timber tree, us, I suppose we must
Swamp did appear on early maps. But botanists and dendrolo- gists were not ignorant of the vegetation of the eastern coast of Florida, In fact, the main featu ad been quite well known
The pond-cypress does not extend as far south on the eastern coast as its larger relative, but it is often conspicuous in the land- scape
Thus the stereotyped record of distribution of Taxodium in Florida marae at least four great regions. They are, the Lake Okeechobee basin, the Big Cypress Swamp, the lower eastern ene district, and the southern end of the GE yerciases:
JourNnaL oF THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 247
kind i ii Lisdi left, pond-cypre: (fT. d ight ides the di in habi h in the two pre- ceding plates, the trees differ in the leaves, not alone in the position, but in the shape. The fruits of the ies h b IL mpared.
85
In all these regions occur both kinds of cypress—Taxodium distichum and Taxodium ascendens. The river-bottoms, the h:
ment of the pi the ig Cypress wamp, cs 1,
ly developed in the Lake Okeechobee riod and upper Saint Johi s basin, The vastness of growth of the large cypress in the Oiechobes ‘
b e appreciated only by seeing it. The shores of the lake, particularly the eastern and northern shore, the tributa: reams, not t simmee River, the Onothohatchee Cc reek, squito Creek, and Fisheating Creek, utlying sloughs often support almost impenetrable stands of beautiful tre he trunks, tall and clear of branches, furnish the favorite material for the dug-out canoes of the ek Sma: The. aha forest on the ae shore of Lake Ol i all Florida.
The prairies that surround the fringe -: the Everglades, which in turn encompass Okeechobee, are also high, but occa-
much of the cypress of the Big eee is mae big. _ HoWweyt cypress is not Mea In the Slough, res we find be autiful forests of
prairies of t vergla ys, and on the edges of the Ever glades—there iy as isolated cypress heads. hese clumps of cypress trees, both large an small, are much affected as
from their permanent camps. The trees in the river bottoms are: also large enough to furnish the materials for their canoes.
86
In several ways the southern end of the pears or the prairie between the Everglade Keys and the Bay
Florida is particularly interesting. There we find tl t st d of
growt -c Lae and the most massive growth of the other species. On t small pond-cypress trees about as high as one’s head or twice as high, but with all the appearances of great
ge th hand, there we find the most massive development of the river- c
South of the latitude of Royal Palm Hammock one may
found it to be a single hae tree!
se large cypress trees ot, however, like those further orth—so stately and — Pha often only at the top e tr _ are usually short, as well as stou n the case of
ve. e tru feet in ee oe branched eu feet fro
rees.
very aire feature of this region of the little cypress trees and the cypress trees is the association of this typically fresh-water nae with the mangrove, a typically salt- water plant.
al he cypress extends well dems towards the influence of salt water, if not aci
p main a mystery f y ears. Florida is a land of teed rivets, ty perhaps of underground tidal currents as well.
Joun K. SMALL
87
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN GARDENING FOR DISABLED AND CONVALESCENT SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
The vocational training of gardeners in the New York Botani- actually
ve ovis pave been in oe classes: at one Gast or Bano: before the horticultural world today. The National ‘Assotiation of
ing Ww ers , who ai ‘ood health, with a system of strictly practical trai ; ce eten , to- gether with the hae . haw botany, plant mare pathology, entomol elated jects oadening
influences of See literature, flower eee ies etc., the
88
ideal training would result. The percentage
adapted to gardening is not large. We have ial young m
whose fathers before them were successful gardeners and pe h
+ 1}
n he ning fos shoul ees an intresting, health occupation se the same
day. Iti is a matter of selection sae tadividical pieierence Our practical training has been carried on in accordance with al work around the Gard
plished both by individual work of students with deners and insmall classes. This work has included potting and tubbing of large conservatory plants, such as wo encountered in the conservatories of large country s, the washing of plants
” ; plants with hand sprays, and general practice in watering, i mai oe
such as Acalypha, Aucuba, Begonia, eae Cestrum, i i nthemu
Seéds have been sown of the more common greenhouse dowerins
89
plants, such as Cyclamen, primrose, and Gloxinia, for flowering next summer, fall and winter; seeds of the early vegetables sown. T.
and of our annual garden flowers have also b ing of veg d annual seeds is especially in point for the students who worke them last year. Pr e in forcing some of the bulbous plants, such as Narcissus, miniature hya- cinths, and tulips, was also carried on, so: hese flowers being placed on exhibition at Range No e ou r gardening practice has been varies The ee of
Hugh ee a + student who had peeves worked fr ne Dida N. J 4 de Tree Commission, handled
ith the right hand and crook of the left elke as he had before he lost his hand in France.
z oO 5 oO bic} a ae ro a oO = 2 i=] fay
work shee: in marae care ‘of a aa ee but he was not rk.
Flower gardening commenced in the spring of 1919 with the
perennials were renovated, general care was given to _ collec- tions, oh chrysai anthemums were piaates for fall bloom: T wing of th the p flower ing Plants Soe
oO Q cs) — cs) fel ct. 3 5 ° os = is} = = an 2 ct ee fo)
© = an me i=] © a 4 o rs] > Qa 2 ‘Sy wn U i; a‘
pared by the more advanced students for use in their own gardens
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93
later Some practice in planting t the large collection of typ ich were so
s plac sand, the propagation of ur flowering shrubs by long cuttings, such as are used in propagating privet, willow and other These cuttings are being ey red until late spring, when they will be rooted in th
mo: the shrubs treated in’ this manner were : orsythi a, Cor ae
Tamarix, Ribes, Viburnum, ri weigela, Benzoin, Kerria, Staphylea, Dirca, ee During 1919, the pict attended many practical demon-
strations of Sian re grading, tree-moving and other work.
: e elementary study of plants and plant functions has been continuous feature of the gardening course. Elementary botany; i ding stud seeds, seedlings, buds, stems,
physio Botany was taken u in during the winter, nd will be followed by more plant physiology for the new stu- dents ar ology, se devoted to the study of insects
‘i zoology, a cour: and animals caeneriee in horticultural work, was taken u during the spring and summer of 1919. One afternoon a week throughout the year is devoted to garden botany, a study of the plant materials used in gardening and its branches, their identification, habit of Brown baie end interest-
ing features. During the w Pp oni- fers, and broad- joneed evergreens are ead ed. In summer ie flowering shrubs, trees, annual flowering plants, perennial border plants, bulbs, and bedding plants are considered at all stages of
94
their growth. Although a real knowledge of such a diversity of
plant materials can only be gained through constant association
with the Plants, a general BRCwIEES of elianonehipe 4 condi-
location, ate ting, and
care during growth, protection in buying, and interest to go be-
yond the Bi nied scope aes in most ft gardening vo Broad-]
eversreci ness; berry-bearing sh for winter oe and food for our
r friends, the bi plants, especially many natives, which are so well adapted ild swampy spots and the banks of streams, are all considered Ithough the old garden plants such as geraniums, salvias, petunias, and Coleus are the most easily learned beautiful and more valuable kinds
tten.
e edia of rican Horticulture and the IIlus- trated Flora of the Northeastern States have been used for reference in this study of plants. These works are accessible to the students in their reading room at the Mansion. Text on gardening and floriculture are furnished, a the eee
yy the Federal Board for Vocational Educ: ENNETH ae BoynTOoNn.
TREES GIRDLED BY MEADOW MICE
One day early in March, I saw. about noon at the Elevated
$ P. destroys birds’ eggs and young birds before they are able to fly © specimens of the black variety are frequently seen in the
95
hemlock grove. The cottontail rabbit is fairly abundant in our i he
n injury done by them here is so slight as to be negligible. which they nip off with a clean cut. I do not know of a single case of girdling which can be attributed to the
But th
ut the common meadow mouse is very ae every winter, and has been unusually so during the one just past, doubt-
0 u runways forming a network over the surface of the soil and wind-
ong as the co body and shorter legs and tail. They keep thé runways very
four to eleven young are reared each year s, owls, crows, foxes, weasels, cats, and other natural enemies prey upon continually—and still they increase e e
one tree or shrub to another. No store of food is laid up for cold weather by the soutien
ic search for ae on our grounds during the past winter would
ways according to the quality of ce fare a depth of the snow, the amount of dry grass present, etc. The object of the mice being to get at the food stored in the
96
inner bark, it was necessary for them first to gnaw away the
outer corky layers, after which the tender inner laye! ec d d On account of this complete girdling no food can pass to the roots, which will be speedily starved out and the trees will die. In the case of shrubs, new shoots will spring up, but this ue take some time. everal of th lendid Japanese flowering cherries were completely girdled a a distance of six inches or a foot near the
r dens, one poplar, several wild cherries, and other
e same exte nt as the
near th um. build: been completely girdled; while at the Mosholu Approach and i :
. e shrub on a e bank above seeme to be aed attractive to ved
a ae to this small, lurking enemy, which is so difficult to
97
combat. We shall have to accept our losses with equanimity; keep the ceed down as much as possible; and hope for less snow another win
Bridge gr rating is often recommended to: save trees that have
able point that it would probably be wiser to remove most trees
thus injured and put in new ones W. A. MorriLt
\ CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL The April conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the Museum Apis eye April 7, 1920, at 3:30 P.M. Dr. Marshall “The Marine Algae of the Bahamas,” illus- nee le tal or by numerous ip epeeinicns, dried and in fluid.
J G. A. Hall, and Prof. W. C. Coker, and later ones made by Mr Percy Wilson and Mr. L, J. K. Brace. The Bahamian archipelago, according to the report of a former governor of the colony, consists of ‘29 islands, 661 cays, d 2,387 rocks,” and, in addition to ad coast lines peaked by ks, th
miles where ee water. is oans (com one foot to twenty feet
e a good foothold for marine algae. The oolitic sand resulting from the decomposition of this rock is in some places too shifting
98
and unstable to allow any great development of algae, but it is
suggesting the roots of carrots or parsnips, and by aid of se the ble to maintain themselves on
ha’ more thern climes would be wholly destitute of the
more conspicuous al mparisons with rine floras
nd abundance of individuals, in hs Bahama ands and the
adjacent Florida Keys.
If the diatoms are included, the list of known Bahamian algae 25 sp been recognized
species are
‘ota 525 igo “*
One difficult group of red algae, the Squamariaceae, of which
c and several addinos: to the ist may Bs expe sane ees this fam ear t a ae more attention. And most “of the collecting a the ahamas has been done in the winter and spring months, when conditions as to ‘fomperature and mosquitoes are es most agree- able. Some of arrowly seasonal appear- ance and a curiously local distribution: Wi e extensive and intensive collecting, covering all of the months of the year. it is certain that the above list will be materially enlarged. $
. B. Stout, Secretary of the Conference.
99
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Dr. and Mrs. N. tton, Dr. Walter Mendelson, and Miss Dorothy Coker area ee Trinidad, May 2, bringing with them a large collection of specimens
Professor Guy West Wilson, formerly employed at the Garden, has returned to the department of biology in Upper Iowa Uni- versity, Fayette, Iowa. While at Clemson College in South Carolina, as collected a number of interesting fungi, an account of which will soon appear in Mycologia.
A widespread leaf-spot disease of the broad- leaved species d fi
until they reach the pores. The removal of dead infected leaves before the young leaves appear promises to be a successful mean of control.
Mr. H. ecker, in charge of het Garden greenhouses, has had eapeeials success in the control of ants. His method is by the use of nicotine, applied near their runways, on stems of plants, etc. He is sending a discussion of this to the Gardeners’
‘cle : t
ACCESSIONS PLANTS AND SEEDS 7 plants for conservatories, (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr, J. N. Rose.) 7 ri (By exchange with Mr. W. C. Fishlock.) 1 plant for conservatories. (By exchange with Dr. J. W. Harshberger.)
7 bulbs of Scilla maritima. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
§ bulbs of Lilium superbum. (Given by Mr. W. F. Marsh.) 2 bulbs of AHium. (Given by Mr. R. E. Dale. 3 bulbs for conservatories. (Given by Mr. W. C. Fishlock.)
100
1 (By hang h Mr. F. P. Quinby). 8 orchids for the conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) : ‘ 2 plants of Echeveria. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 45 cactus plants for the conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 4 plants of Opuntia. (By exchange with U.S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 5 pa of Mamillaria. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Re
nt of Opuntia Lindheimeri. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., Ree Dr. a Rose.) § plants of Felecyfhore pectinata, (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) I packet seed. (eas r. H. H, Rusby.) I packet seed of aes acuminatu, he by Mr. Inglis Stuart.) 37 packets of seed. (Given by Mr. F. W. Lonegren.)
I packet of seed. (Given by Mr. Pers Hawks.)
14 packets of Colombia seed. (Given by Dr. Alexander Andrade.)
ir packets of seed from Ecuador. (Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose.)
2 packets of Florida seed. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.)
63 packets of seed. ee chased.)
3 packets of seed. i ii Section, Giza Mouderish, 1
6 packers seed. (By exchange with the U. S. Nat. Mus., through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 169 age of ae (By exchange with poranic oe Ottawa, Canada.)
I ees patie Ge xchange with Royal Botanic Garden, Kew.) ‘ I plant of Ardisia ae (Given by Mr. George Friedhof.) 8 plants from Florida. ou cted a Dr. J. K. Small.)
I plant of Guzma: ine (Gi ee r. Toussaint through Dr. J. K. Smail.) 2 plants of P. tria b il (By exchan; foes with U. S. Dept. of Agric.) 10 bulbs from Florida. tite by Dr. N. - mn.)
- ve irom Hon ‘ida. (Collected by Dr. N. L. a Oenoth ie ‘iven. . sae E. M. gia I pkt f seed of P ill iphuré ‘Given by Bro. J. Peter.) I pkt. of seed of Agave cupreata. (By exchange with Dr. aa . Trelease.) I pkt. = seed of Crambe maritima, (By exchange with Mr. Wm. an through Dr. J. K. Small. 1 phe: - seed of Warea Carter?. (Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 1 pkt. of seed of Zamia floridana. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 12 specimens of orchids for the local herbarium. (Given by the Rev. H. M.
Denslow. )
£ Clastob A t
Jamaica. (By exchange with Mr. L. J. Pessin.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert oa Fritz
s See
J. Montgomery Hare,
Edward S. Harkness, Prof. R. A. Harper,
. Jam Wa hes Bea)) being Otto H. K: Prof. aon es Kemp, ea P. Kingsley, w. V. Z, Lane
AI oe aie Morgan, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, cn Newbold, C.D:
ty F. Os Chas. ate Pack,
oe W. Perkins,
Jam
Francis L Stetson, Frederi ate rT
B. B. Tha Charles G. fom
Bronson Trop, Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, 2 laa Armour,
Mrs. Robert Miss Pawar ilies, Mrs. N, L. Bri
Mrs, Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, rs, Hamilton F. Kean,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, M
rs, A.A
. A. Low, Mrs. Charles MacVeagh, Mrs. V. Everit Macy,
Mrs. George D, Pratt,
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Miss Harriette Rogers, Mrs. James Roosevelt,
oad Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
ry Harrim a ae ee
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsoa, Mrs. F. K. Sturgi
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NEW YORE eee GARDEN nx Park, New York City
Vol, XXI June, 1920 No, 246
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS Paez A Botanical Expedition to Trinidad... 0-1 1 ee et ee ee ee 101 UIIEMIE EMME CHILES AT Q2Ois i ais) a) c «sy ems ise ye lay wees, or enh etna 118 Hardy Woody Plants in the New York Botanical Garden... ........ 119 Notes, NNewsiandComment.... 2.6. + ees e eee eee eee eee 124
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Art 4x NortH Queen Street, Lancastsr, Pa,
Tue New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS, 1920 Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSON FRANCIS seer STETSON MS
Vice-PRESIDENTS EDWARD D. A
TREASURER—. ASSISTANT TREASU! ORrton RY DE LA MONTAGNE Secretary—N. L, BRITTON
. ELECTED MANAGERS aoe expires January,
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. ve FOREST oer DERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires Hen PAUL D. CRAVATH OLPH LEWISOHN MURRY GUGGENHEIM a TRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
MYLES TIERNEY
Term expires January, 1923 EDWARD D. Baie JOHN L. MERRILL OBERT W. FOREST i ey MOR GAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tue Mayor or THE City or New Yorke N. JOHN F. HYLAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PusBLic PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
on R. A. HARPER, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNEL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J, GIE' PROF, HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF, JAMES F. KE ue PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STA DR. N. L. BRITTON, ee esa (ever ent, Administration) Ss
ric EA Curt ROBREE 5: “WILLIAMS, aaa) trative Assistant LSON, Associate Curator DR. FR. ee W. PENNELL, Associate Curt aaa ne ee ead Gardener and Curator of Pace STOUT, Director of the Laboratories DR. oan HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer ARAH H. HAR , Librarian , Honorary Curator ai the Economic rang ELIZABETH G BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, cobres Curator of ay Plates DR. WILLIAM J. G Che: Cc L
JOH e WALTE B le a ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI June, 1920 No. 246
A BOTANICAL EXPEDITION TO TRINIDAD
To THE ScrenTIFIC DirEcToRS OF THE NEw YorK BorvanicaL GARDEN
Gentlemen: By permission of the Board of Managers, I was
with the United States National Museum and the G Her- barium of Harvard University
elson and Hazen were the official photographers of the expedition and they ae several hundred negatives,
lates on botanical aes with enthusiastic prodigality.
102
Dr. Mendelson was the voluntary medical officer for the p
very early morning of the eighth day out, soon followed by Grenada, where the “ o”’ came to before breakfast time in
adulbdey da, arable us to visit and study the charmin: ical located but a
short distance from the port, and containing many perfect and : en
ms, the Director, received us with one cor- diality, and escorted us to points of botanical interest, enabling me to study and collect several of the native species of thus obtaining information which will be of service in my in 1 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 14: 99-109. 1913. ? Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 161-166. 1901.
cacti, vesti-
103
gation of these plants with Drs . J. N. Rose and D. T. Mac- Dougal of the Carnegie Wetwisen a Nee on. i t of Spain,
sq way oblong, some 50 miles long north and south ne some 30
aps urassi taceo extends along the whole satel side, follo wed to ane south by a broad low vall f hills lated ones obliquely traverses the central part of the island from south-
e forest ‘area is extensive, composed of many species of trees, occupying at least one fourth of the island and much of it is held as government reserves and crown-lands, assuring an
_abundant fuel supply and the regulation of the flow of rivers
104
and streams, in which respect Trinidad is much better off than Porto ma and the Virgin Islands. An enlightened policy has further p:
e Y' ee with valuable timber-trees; we are indebted to Mr. C. S. Rogers
with scattered shrubs small trees and highl specialized herbaceous vegetation; these are not only on plains, t also, locally on steep hillsides, and they differ a good deal in their component plants, many of the
‘y species being restricted in spies The soil of these savan-
t ey distribution of plants with ee to rainfall, soil, and altitude would be of great scientific value
4
105
Our first collections were made at Carenage, on the north-
iarco Savanna on t lain so of Arouca and obtained speci f ma haracteristic savanna plants. A_ litt Drosera, a Polygala, and an Oldenlandia remin us similar
duced from rm tions, filled the valleys with glorious masses of orange flowers. which appear before the leaves. The care of the collections, and studies in the botanical garden nd in the herbarium occupied our time for the most part for days. On March isi i
the next three S arch 3, we visited Maqueripe, a beautiful little bay on ern coast ood bathing each, a made considerable collections on rocky-woode hillsides. Here a Begonia reaching height and the
turning to Port of Spain, we first saw, nea purple flowers of the Trinidad Securidaca, a vine of the Gay-wings Family, forming long wands.
rove through the Maracas and Aco
ng a clear ee a including many ferns and mosses her made the acquaintance of the showy white- sapathed ail hae:
106
phyllum and the curious herbaceous Dorstenia of the Mulberry Family. e Aripo Savanna at Cumuto, which we visited on March 5, r. W.
under the guidance of M E. Broadway, Horticulturist and Assistant penis of vs Trinidad Department of Agriculture, supports f fascinating botanical associations ever
lo of ag variety of trees and shrubs; the stately palm Mauritia with ighly ornamental fruits, the ceful manac palm (Euterpe), and the rose-flowered Isertia, a small tree elats oO chona, ere of coe see and many ferns,
ar - nd 7 were ecciipe in preserving a collection and
in herbarium and garden studies, and Mar nd 9 were spent a trip to the northeastern coast arranged for us by
Freem T ora Forest a f iles east of Sangre Grande
is 0 f luxuriant, containing trees of great size, the
(Dimorphandra excelsa he Balata (Mimusops
lata) t argest, with many high-climbing aroids
Mr Mrs. E. A. Robinson aid and hospitality, for the privilege of visiting their great plantation of Para rubber trees, the largest in Trinidad and one
107 of the largest in sine America, and for a fi of the rubber produce
On March 10, pire attention had been given to our rapidly increasing collection, a late afternoon drive was taken over the
ne ancellor Road, partly constructed over the rather dry hills north of Por Spain and affording fine vie the city and the roadstead; e we first saw the locust-like tree Coursetia arborea i looming before its oe a sees
rea in flower, ming and the slender tree Heliocarpus of the Linden Fam: bare of leaves, but retaining its super-abundant little ie nee fruits,
An examination of the lea of the Bocas Islands and adjacent Trinidad mainland was made from March 11 to M
es in it t m Bay, coastal bank. d hill: sides were studied; a fragrant yellow Howercd Ouratea, a shrub of the Ochna Family, was o an apparently native cotton (Gossypium) was found upon a beach, and here our first acquaintance was made with the native ‘‘Rose de Mon- tagne’’ (Brownea), a tree Family, its bright re flowers appearing in dense clusters on its tru branches, sometimes within a foot of the groun hens growing o
ars. t there always in situations extremely difficult of access. An
108
attempt to land on Huevos Island, separated from Monos by the Boca de Navios, met with failure, owing to heavy seas. We spent a day ashore on eaaes sland, separated from Huevos by the Boca de Huev our work had kindly been provided at t we ‘atholic Presbytery by the Rev ather Sassen through the cee of Mr. J. E. Scheult, Chief th i
Cle f the Department of Agric egetation of Chacachacare is: almost wholly ete cacti abound at lower elevations and on cliffs, among them the essentially spine- less prickly pear, Opuntia Boldinghii, o on Patos and ap- arently indigenous on both islands,’ together with the native endemic A gave (A. evadens), which was in full bloom at the time
er spicuous. Three species of Capparis, small trees with white undan
A special expedition was made under the escort of Mr. Free-
our a a most interesting day on shore, climbi
over the intensely arid hills among the numerous cacti and low
shr is is the only place within Trinidad terri- cac
pe eee we have a fair knowledge of its plant population,
1 Opuntia bee Britton & Rose was first found by us in cultivation on Curacao, later o: t of Venezuela, and had previously been collected on Margarita. See eae I: 155. I91Q
109
which is not extensive as regards number of species. We re- turned to Gasparee through the high ocean rollers of the Boca Grande, the cacti securely paged in sacks and Baskets as a precautionary measure and the
salt water by rubber
sheets, while the mere phen of our r.
and Tobago wu e objec the scope of our investigation. The meeting was held in the Royal Victoria Institute un th irmanship Are nm Arthur
rinidad, and Lady Chancellor honored us by their Governor made many kind remarks
0 many other Trinidad officials we are deeply grateful for cordial coéperatio n M
n. arch 17, we made collections on the Heights of St. One of th
e nearby, ai also the curious 3-winged woody fruit o!
ily. re 18, we Sone anodic eeron 2 the Piarco Sa-
the Caroni River, reaching the region by way of Dabadie. Numerous seas sped Hoe seen on our oe visit were collected, among them t
and ene trees were seen ey one of them flowers three inches wide and very beautiful among the dar
110
green foliage; in a shaded brook we found a white-flowered float- ing-heart (Nymphodes) and a purple-flowered Cabomba; one of ‘ ize
on Marc ; the signal station for i i ips is situated here and fine views are had in all directions. Collections were made hillsides along the road; trees of Lecythis, their small fruits like t of the related Brazil-nut, are frequent here,
fe) he several kinds of wild figs (Ficus), here forest trees, was in full fruit. Coastal hills and marshes at Point Cumana, Carenage ai a! s were studied on March 20 e coastal aroid Montrichardia aculeata, a species with an erect more or less prickly stem four or five feet high was found in
in leaf-mould of the
at St. pee on March 23 and made herbaceous plants on marshy land given over
there r. J. McInroy, en of the farm, and M
111
MciInroy. Mr. Broadway guided us the next day to the grassy
. Thr ge pal
luxuriant and abundant, cocorite (Maximiliana), timite (Mant- caria), and palma oar (Oenocarpus); museum specimens of their fruits were obtain
From March 26 to ae 30, our base was changed to San Fernando, forty miles south of Port of Spain by road, where permission to use the ee onaele government oe Colony House had kindly b Hon. T. est, Colonial Secretary. The solsied, wooded San Ferishdc Hi a gave us our first acquaintance with the tall Pa piled eats Lidia a pees tive of the there is Fee an eudgne colony of the large Cereus aes
it a
istic of the environment were detected, no!
to saline occurs abundantly, how er the guidance F ‘ :
fruits producing ie see The low level lands of the OMsIae Lagoon, dry at this time
112
of year, were studied on March 29, yielding many kinds of sedges and grasses; the tall Thalia geniculata reminded us of lorida ined at th
Florida. e were delightfully entertai e large sugar estate Usine St. Madeleine by Mr. Moody Stewart and his family. Under the guidance of Mr. C. B. Williams, Special Investigator
of sugar-cane diseases, an excursion was made on Marc Palo Seco on the southern coast, where, among many other
great abundance on hillsides facing the , its dense bunches of small black fruits very characteristic. One o
volcanos” was visited, and t eat a. t of earth which had flowed from it, covering the whole floor of a broad valle end-
ing to the sea, was very impressive. We had ena studied a much smaller one near the Penal Rock Road. Mr. Williams guided us also to a large quarry near Siparia, the ees aaeaaa Deine aes used for road- moalae: it is the d
ite, quite hard, an
quantities of fossil leaf impressions and other plant remains. This plant bed is of great extent and thickness; it is exposed in
s, our disposal would be required to obtain a satisfactory repre- sentation of the material.
Returning to Port of Spain, our next extensive collecting was
of Mr. Robert Henderson at Veronica, where we were cordially
received and guided by Mr. F. C. Buthn, Manager, after intro-
duction by Mr. F. W. Urich, Entomologist of the Board of
Agriculture. Wooded hillsides there contain many peace
trees and shrubs; the lovely white flowers of Samyda were her
first seen by us and Ge flat-stemmed cactus ere arons Hooker was in bloom, forming tre
1138
views are had from the higher elevations. Mr. Buthn kindly
others from Ortinola, — similar cordial eaten had bee: granted by Mr. J. P. Mr. Free who well ac- quainted with the route, ee the Ortinola eed Aiea a brought Ipers
Reserve north o: Maracas Valley and abou miles from the northern coast at Las Cuevas Bay ises b 00 feet altitude, with very steep slopes. Cocoa plantations extend o about one half way up, but above them is unbroken forest of great beauty an treme interest from t
Caura Valley is over the ded Tocuche Bridle Road,
ur
together on the Tocuche Road about three miles from the ummit, after a large fallen oe had been hes from across the road, erfalls in valleys
near this pei int, the surrounding vegetation oe attractive natural gardens. Collections of many kinds of plan d
e ae elia aed a ferns, or on the be eine the relative
ches ut everybody claimed to have ae ai during the two nights of occupancy, disturbed only by the strong trade-wind which blew almost continuously. The temperature fell rapidly immediately after
114
sunset, reaching about 60° F. during the night, but we were
prepared for this, and the whole experience was thoroughly
enjoyed; no rain fell during the three days, which was pronounced The fi i
urne to Port of Spain richly laden and the care of the large eae made required two full days.
m April 7, Mr. Broadway accompanied us to the O’Meara Savanna such of Arima, where additional savanna herbaceous
went to Maraval and up the Morne C On il 10, we visited the justly celebrated Maracas Waterfall, guided Williams and Miss Nettie Bain; this is certainly rkable and beautiful cascade, a small river
al widely spreading as in most species; a tree-Solanum there is an
118
unusual development i in its family and the rocks and banks are
with the large white-flowered Begonia, a large bromeliad with tall red branching Renee and other plants. A second visit was made to © Bocas telend aud the ccm
h“M
Bay, Monos, Nie sph an hacachacare Islands ane at eos le- a h
view. n acachacare we walked up to at over f Steriphoma, a tree of che Caper Family, t La
was conspicuous on the hillsides by its orange flowers. Tinta Bay, where we were hospitably received by Captain
As one of the long-cultivated plants whose natural habitat is unknown, this occurrence is of considerable interest, but we could not satisfy ourselves that the plant is native here, as we saw ruins of a house nearby. in the Dibe Valley on April 15, pai the rie ye aia flowers of the Tabebuia trees, elegant and spicuous on the hillsides, blooming before their palmately com- pound leaves appear; the bitter-wood (Quassia amara) is occa-
numerous ferns and mosses were obtained. e ncia forests were again explored on April 16, at points on the ne
gams, than our first examination of them had indicated; we
brought out specimens under 131 field numbers, and the day’s work was one of the most interesting of the expedition. The he Heath Fami
white pais was striking an ph ‘olumnea with yellow flowers hung from a tree; See of the numerous
ndy woo
reminding us of our diminutive New Jersey uly grass, Bien three times as large.
The beautiful pool and cascade of Blue Basin and surroundings
malodorous; a fine example of one of the wild figs strangling a tree of another kind was seen along the path April 18 was given to a study of the vegetation of Mount mana, a steep sloped isolated hill of hard limestone near the he infa!
o days were now required for the care and packing of the
117 Same and for herbarium studies, and our final excursion made with Mr. Fr
revisited in ae to see the elusive Schizaea pennula and to find
g id numbers and aggregating over 6,000 eas together
ith years D’ by Mr. Bro adway and several hundred duplicates obtained in exchange from the
proceeded later by steamer to Europe, for aie ioeeal a during the summer.
The Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago has its head office and herbarium at the St. Clair Experiment Station close to the beautiful botanical gardens facing the Queen’s Park
D 2 < Oe xg » [av Ei aS a a
1818, and have been succe! mp tant and useful horticultural and botanical institution by Daniel Lockhart (1818-1846), William Purdie (1846-1857), Hermann Crueger (1857-1864), Henry Prestoe (1864-1886), John Hinchley
a —I911) and since 1912 illiam G an, he ent Director of Agriculture he publications of the gardens an he De ent are extensive luable; our series of them was quite incomplete, but I obt: d many o
T preservation, thanks largely to the unremitting care of Miss
118
Pauline McClean, who has been herbarium assistant for over thirty-two years Respectfully submitted, N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
SUMMER LECTURES, 1920
Free Public Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of the Museum Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, paluday after- noons, at four o’clock, as follow: “A Brief pee of the New York Botanical mee by Dr. W. A. Murrill.
» July ro. “Summer Wild Flowers,” by Dr. N. L. Bri
July 17. “Spoilage of Fruits and cua Sa. ae poy: and pioiee, ia by} » Mei
1]
July 24. — State Park at Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin,” - Tr. . Sto
July 31.“ jes for the Summer Garden,” by Mr. G. V. “ Diatoms—Plants of Beauty Seen Through a Micro- Dr. M. A. How
Aug. 14. ‘‘ Through nie Philippines with a Kodak,” by Dr. H. A. Gleason. Aug.21t. “ How i. Know, Gather, and Cook the Puffballs,”’
y Dr. W. A. Mur: "Eicon of Ch August 21 and 22. : “A Trip to Colorado,” by Dr. F. J. Seaver a : ree a occupy an hour, will be illustrated by lantern slides and otherwise. Doors closed at 4:00; late-comers admitted at 4:15
119
HARDY WOODY PLANTS ae THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (Concluded) Lonicera dioica. GLaucous HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Viticetum. Natural pone Northeastern North America.
Lonicera flava. YELLow HoNEYSUCKLE. ocation: Viticetum Natural dia abacus: pera United States. Lonicera fragrantissima. FRAGRANT HONEYSUCKLE.
na. onicera gracilipes var. a ONE-FLOWERED HONEYSUCKLE, ocation: Fruticetum Natural distribution: rn ere iber bay AN Howeesceae: Loc: ae ppt mpaneeauciee and Persia. Lonicera j aa ee E HONEYSUCKLE.
ocation: Vi Natural txt: China and Japan Lonicera jap . Halliana. Hae s Japanese HoneEy- SUCKLE
t um. Lonicera .japonica var. flexuosa aureo-reticulata. GoLDEN- N cL
ocation: um. Lonicera Koralkovii var. floribunda. KoraLkow’s Many- UCKLE
kes Lonicera Maackii. Maack’s see SUCKLE.
ocation ruticetum. Natural distribution: Northeastern Asia io central Japan. Lonicera Maackii var. erubescens. Maack’s PINK-FLOWERED
ONEYSUCKLE
Location: Fruticet tum.
Location:
Frut Natural teiton: Sm.
Lonicera sane va! oe ation: Hane
ae aera Location: Vitic
. Maxrmowicz’s HONEYSUCKLE.
North eastern Asi: ALL-FLOWERED Deca:
apan. var. xanthocarpa. Morrow's YELLOw-
hin ia ieee STANDISH’s N.
cetum Pe ie ee Wesesn China
SULLIVANT’S Hosnvsceaie
121
Natural distribution: Northeastern United States and Ontario. nth
Lonicera aie mgantha. LILAc- FLOWERED: HONEYSUCELE. Location: Fruticetum. Natu ral distribution: Western China. fenicera syringantha Wolfii. Wotr’s LILACc-FLOWERED Hi SUCKL ocation: Fruticetum. Lonicera tatarica. SIBERIAN HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Fruticetu
im, Natural fear eetes Southeastern Russia to Siberia Lonicera tatarica var. speciosa. PINK-FLOWERED SIBERIAN ONEYSUCKLE. cation: Fruticetum. Free te origin. Lonicera xylosteoides. BLuisH HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Fruticetum.
ybr Eadieces Xylosteum. FLy HoNEYSUCKLE. ocation: um. Natural daeaoaces: Europe and western and northern Asia,
Diervilla. BusH HoNEYSUCKLE
Diervilla ea BusH HONEYSUCKLE.
ocation: Fruticetum Natural ene Nowneastent North America. Diervilla rivularis. Hairy Bush HONEYSUCKLE.
Lo se nm: os ticetum
Nat United States. pee sessil ae SESSILE-LEAVED BusH HONEYSUCKLE. Location: Hentiee Natural d
I United States.
Weigela. WEIGELA
Ls has ee COREAN WEIGELA.
ae oe quan:
122
Weigela Repeal MANY-FLOWERED WEIGELA.
Location: Fru Natural dissinton: cee Weigela fi RosE WEIGELA. ; Location ticetum Natural tition Nort hern China Weigela florida andida. WHITE Cumvese WEIGELA. cation: Frut
tice wis ae hybrida var. nen Carriere. WEIGELA ABEL CARRIERE. cation: Fruticetum rid.
Weigela hybrida var. Avalanche. WEIGELA AVALANCHE. Location: Fruticetum bat se hybrida var. hae carve: WEIGELA AVANT LARGE. on: Fruticetum. Wace hybrida var. Bouquet Rose. WEIGELA BouQUET ROSE. Location: Fruticetum ; Weigela latin var. Buisson Fleur. WIEGELA BuIssON FLEUR.
icetum. ida var. candida. WuxitE Hyprip WEIGELA.
tum
Weigela hybrida var. ‘Conquete WEIGELA CONQUETE. Location: Frutice
Weigela hybrida var. Dan’ Blanche. WEIGELA DAME BLANCHE Location: Fruticetum
Weigela hybrida var. Desboisii. Desgors’ WEIGELA. Location: Fruticetum.
Weigela hybrida var. Esperance. WErIGELA ESPERANCE.
oca c : Weigela aan var. Eva Rathke. WeEIGELA Eva RATHKE.
Weigela artes var. Teak de Mai. WEIGELA FLEUR DE Mal. Location: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. Floreal. WEIGELA FLOREAL. Location: Fruticetum Weigela hybrida var. Fraicheur: WEIGELA FRAICHEUR. ocation: Frutic
123
Weigela hybrida var. Glorieux. WEIGELA GLORIEUX. Location: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. Gracieux. W2EIGFLA GRACIEUX. Location: Fruticet Weigela hybrida var. eisai Mallet. Ma.iet’s WEIGELA. Location: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. Herione. WEIGELA HERIONE. Location : Fruticetu Weigela hybrida var. ine WEIGELA ISOLINE. Location: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. Lavallei. LAvALLE’s WEIGELA. Location: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. Le Printemps. WEIGELA LE PRINTEMPS. Location: Fruticetum Weigela hybrida var. mrcecayer: WEIGELA MESSAGER. ocation: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. pees WEIGELA PERLE. Location: Frutic Weigela hybrida var. |e adlee. WEIGELA SEDUCTION. Location: Fruticetum. Weigela hybrida var. Sieboldii argenteo-variegata. SiLvER- GINE IGELA.
Wa ae var. eae STELZNER’S WEIGELA. Location: Fruticetum.
Weigela hybrida var. Van Houttei. Van Hourre’s WEIGELA. Location: Fruticetum
Weigela hybrida var. Vestale. WEIGELA VESTALE. Location: Fruticetum.
Weigela japonica. JAPANESE W'EIGELA.
ocation: Fruticetum
Natural distribution: japan and Chin
Weigela japonica var. hortensis. a WEIGELA. Location: Fruticetum.
124
CARDUACEAE. Thistle Family accharis. PENCIL-TREE Baccharis halimifolia. PENCIL-TREE. ocation: Fruticetum atural distributi
I United States. GrorcE V. NasH.
NOTES, NEWS AND_ COMMENT
Dr. Perley apie of oh United States Department of Agriculture, spent two days the Garden in May examining literature in the sie library ry.
Prof. H. M. Pipaticic of Cornell University, visited the Garden for several days in May in continuation of his work on pyrenomycetous fungi
A series of Sunday afternoon lectures was initiated at the Garden, April 18, as already announced in the JourNAL. have been well received by the Garden visitors and have pees ‘ood audiences.
. John toa aia Sasa web pupal has oul from a vacation in Flo: at the National ee ees D. 'C,, for North American Flora
Mr. Walter B. Balch, assistant in the instruction of convales- cent iden: resigned his position May 31 to enter private com. mercial work. uring the spring, in addition to his other aude: Mr. Balch had been in charge of the rose garden
Dr. J. K. Small, Head Curator, returned early in May from another successful collecting trip in Florida. One of the most interesting events of the expedition was the rediscovery of
hododendron Chapmanii near Apalachicola, where it was origi- nally collected by Chapman eighty years ago.
125 Dr. Fred J. Seaver, Curator, spent some time in Washington American Flora. This genus of ies fungi is represented by more than 300 species in North Am most attractive display at the Garden during May f ,B cheepers, ine, and including almost 10,000 plants in over a hundred varieties. The collection occupied the beds of the conservatory court, and attracted thousands of visitors. Dr. Francis W. Pennell, Associate Curator, ee June 6 ear! in: collected in Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kentucky and made a number of interesting and important discoveries
nai a clea ~The pee rainfall for the month was nches. re d
30 emperatures were 24° on the roth, 33° on the 4th, 35° on the and 38° on the 28th
rading and path-making for the new iris garden in the horti-
planting in July and will be occupied by the test garden estab- lished in codperation with the American Iris Society
The annual spring inspection was held May 6. The weather was perfect, in marked contrast with 1919, and the number of visitors correspondingly large. The party aoe in turn Con-
126
servatory Range 1, the horticultural grounds, conservatory range 2, and the cherry garden, and spent the remainder of the
time in the Museum building. Short talks were given during the afternoon by Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. H. A. Gleason, and Mr. John R. Brinley.
The North Country Garden Club, presided over this year by Mrs. Beekman Winthrop, of Westbury, Long Island, made a
field-day excursion to the York Botanical G
afternoon of Wednesday, Ma‘ The splendid collection of ulips in the conservatory court, containing abo - lants representing I17 varieties; the new iris-gai nder construc-
pleted; Japanese flowering cherries; and other special features were examined by the members with much interest.
e the outdoor plantations have suffered from an unusual
{ and h ly water lilies, which will later be set out in the large tanks of the conservatory court.
s of two noteworthy plants have been added to the Dr. Sm
conservatories from Dr, all’s Florida collections. The o
is a century plant, Agave neglecta, heretofore in our collec- tions, the other t er-palm, Coccothrinax argent he century plant is a local species, but is much cul d for orna- ment in tropical Flori The specimens of the palm are parti- cularly interesting. They were found over one hundred miles nor rmer known cent distribution of the species
of and sown by migratory birds during their northward flight.
127
The Nature Committee of the Good-Citizenship League Flushing, Long Island, consisting of about twenty ladies, arrived at the Garden May 17 at ten-thirty o'clock and remained all
nning at the museum building, they first ea
‘y Mansion. The afternoon was devoted to the rose garden, the vegetable pander: the Propesetne Seas ae out-door beds, the river, and the
sete about the ie non of he museum buildin
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Fritz Achelis,
ent Astor, John W. Auchincloss,
James B. Ford,
Prof. W. J. Gies, Daniel Guggenheim, Murry Guggenheim, J. Horace Harding,
J. Montgomery Hare, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Edward S. Harkness, Henry Phipps,
Prof. R. A. Harper, F. R. Pierson, J. Amory Haskell, James R. Pitcher, T. A. Havemeyer, Ira A. Place, A. Heckscher, Hon. Anning S. Prall, Be sae Hofiman, Charles F. Rand, Hen Ogden Mills Reid, Parniiicin, Edwin A. Richar Adlets Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, . Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, alter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, Prof. James F, Kemp, Prof, H. H. Rusby, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, . V. Z. Lane, Jacob H. Schiff, Dr. Albe , Morti Schiff, rof. Frederic S. Lee, Albert R. Shattuck, Adolph Lewisohn, Henry A. Siebrecht, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William Sloane, V. Everit Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, dgar L. Marston, James cles eyer, W. J. Matheson, Francis L, Stetson, Dr. William H. Maxwell, Maia ag George McAneny, ne s merson McMillin, Seo Dr. Walter Mendelson, ches G. Thom John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Giana Ogden Mills, Myles Tierney, Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, J. Pierpont Morgan, K. Vanderbilt, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. Warburg, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, (Os 1D) pias H. H. Westinghouse, Eben E. Olco
Bronson Winthrop, Prof. Henry ‘ ‘Oibora, Grenville L. Winthrop,
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Robert Baco:
Miss age Billings, Mrs. N. L. Britton,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, —_ Miss Harriette Rogers Mrs, soe Kissel, Mrs. A. A.
Mrs, Hiei Marquand, Mrs. W. G. Sisnpien, Mrs, George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot Ward. Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. John I, Kane,
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsos. Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
PUBLICATIONS
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, pe cloapelg containing articles of general interest. Free to all members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; $1.00 a year. [No' ‘ veered in ex- change.) Now in its st ie ae volume. i Ys rorpeia in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi, chni ticles and ni id notes of general interest, and an index to Sea American mycological literature. $4.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its twelfth volume. Addisonia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates sAPEORIE AC nied by popular pagiateris of flowering p thirty-two in each volum: a scription price, “$10. 00 a year. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in i h ae
Bulletin of on New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual ro of (us Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles d out in the Garden. Free to = member: a ae See to others, "$3. 00 per volume. Now in its tenth volum ican Flora. rater of the wild plants of ee America, t Indies, snc Central America. Planned to be
aceae. art 3, 1912. Ustilaginaceae—Aecidiaceae +) ol. m, pa =), eee Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae (pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately. ol. and 3, 1917. Agaricaceae Noga
ea 4 . Typhaceae—Poaceae (pars). Vol. 21, part 1, 191 ie part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allio-
niaceae Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. Pad Dp
Vol. 24, part 1, 1919; part 2, 1920. Fabaceae (pars). Geraniaceae—Burseraceae.
wa $1.50 per volume. To others, a oo. [Not aieed'ia
Ls Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. Vol. II. ee Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Development,
by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figur Vol. III. aude Me as Canttertins Remains from Kreischerville, New York, by A. Hollick E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909.
Vol. IV. Effects a ine Rays of era ia bere by Charles Stuart Gager.
1. Flora of the Vicini ne New York: ck Cnt to Plant Geography by Nanci Taylor. vi+ 083 a with 9 plates. Vol. Cc f the Twe ntieth nappa os the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 nee and many t es.
figur
mie he from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers Ase by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals n the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth
NEW YORK girs GARDEN nx Park, New York City
other t! aie
Vol. XXI July, 1920 No, 247
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS Paca Report on a Recent Trip to British Guiana... 1-2 +--+ +e eee eee 129 SORERTOUOMDAMUIAMEBOLGRI cfs sk mide wos! © nce es © so 6) me 0 ce ews 138 Notes, News and Comment... .- +. 2 esses tere rrrerene 139 RR re eee aia eg Bg oe: aw eo! a ae eles 143
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 4: NortH Queen Srreet, Lancaster, Pa.
Tue New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS, 1920 Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON Wace Parcipenne ates pus STETSON TREASURER—. MERRILL Assistant TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE Srcretary—N,. L, BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires epee: EWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS OLD
N. L. BRITTON HENRY W. ve FOREST FRE DERIC R. NEWB! W. J. MATHESON . GILMAN THOMPSON
Term expires Nosema
PAUL D. CRAVATH PH LEWISOH
MURRY GUGGENHEIM A PRANCIS LYNDE STETSON MYLES TIERNEY
Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. vg FOREST J. P. MORGAN F. K. STURGIS
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE Mayor or THE City or New Yorke HON. JOHN F. HYLAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC beg baa ie i oe R. A. te Chairm EUGENE P. BICK F. FREDERIC = ha DR. NICHOLA S MURRAY BUTLER HON. NNING S. PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE a OF. 7 RBERT Me. ‘RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP ROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. ae oy ae Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) Assistant PAGE or (Administration) of th ig
ASON S DR. JOH “E oe: Head Curator ae A. et ae rvisor of Public Instruction
DR. FRED one ROBERT S r PER ILSON, Associate Curator and Curator of psi UT, e Lab ries DR. JOHN (HENDLEY B Hoey HART, Pablecpraphet LOW, Librarian Economic Collections
H. Bye naa pec of the ELIZABETH nS: BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses nae LLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Blatt IAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist F. SCHILLING, m an N R. BRINLEY, Landscape ER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant Buildings Gro
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening aeeessirat:
JouRNAL OF THE NEW BoTaNnicaL GARDEN PLATE 248
Georgetown: an avenue of Saman trees (Samanea Saman), a beautiful round- topped shade tree much used along the streets and common in tropical cities. often called Rain tree and Monkey-pod
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI * July, 1920 No. 247
REPORT ON A RECENT TRIP TO BRITISH GUIANA (WITH PLATES 248 AND 249)
The trip to British Guiana was made through the codperation of the New York Botanica! Garden, the Gray Herbarium and the United States Department of Agriculture.
Georgetown October 22. On the we at is stops at several of the smaller West
Indian Islands from St. Thomas to Barbados. These stops enabled me to make collections of the grasses, though the ne rt time and the limited facilities for drying specimens did n permitthe collection of other families of plants. The aan _ St. Thomas, Oesber 11, nos. 16294 to 16320
St. Croix, October 12, nos. 16321 to 16348
St. Kitts, October 13, nos. 16349 to 16371
Ic
Barbados, October 19, nos. 16498 to 1652, The numbers from each island for the most part represent different species. The passage between the islands was usually 129
130
in the night, and the landing was made by small boats, except at St. Thomas and St. Lucia where the steamer comes to a wharf.
On these islands the irregular occurrence of introduced weedy grasses is of much interest. At St. Thomas, Chloris paraguayen-
G: paraguasensis as ough not so common, C. ciliata. The Her @ savannas or open dry pasture lands was Pe ne pertusus eae wate oe Hack., called sour grass. e common name is somewhat confusing, as it is applied on ae islands to Valota es (Panicum leuco- phaeum) and to Paspalum pe 2a
ies of Andropogon (A. ere and A. glo sees of S
P' “Insulae caribaeae,”’ but in a later work the same author gives
? Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 43. 910. ? Grasses of the West Indies, Contr. U.S, Nat. Herb. 18: 392. 1917.
“
131
as the localities, ‘‘Lucia, Guadeloupe.” the ‘Grasses of the West Indies”’ it was stated that perauen pris was abundant id spi , Colom!
secon es originally described from Senegal. On Guadeloupe it is gre-. garious over a large area, growing to the height of six to eight , feet. '
On Dominica there is a very creditable Botanical Garden in charge of Mr. Joseph Jones. The location of the Garden is unusually fine, being in a kind of amphitheater backed by steep mountain
e only grasses of interest found on n Martinique were Ischae- S: former
Our steamer stopped at St. Lucia only two hours, about an hour of which I was able to spend on shore. Though the time was short I collected 27 species of grasses.
Barbados is so completely given over to cultivation that little of the original flora has survived. One finds some of the native plants along rocky slopes or bluffs that are unsuited to culti-
ation. Here were found
io1 nd the grasses Chloris orthonoton and niselum setosum. n resting case of errat ed dis- tribution found here, that of Brachiaria erucaeformis (Pani-
cum erucaefo' rime}. In our aout of the Grasses of the West 1 eteted
Indiest thi. indies note but
formally to the list, as there was a single specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium (Botanic Station Herbarium 448). I found it to be a common weed in fields on the island.
Asimilar case was presented by Panicum trigonum in Trinidad, where I stopped on the return trip. In the account of the West
in the list because we supposed our single specimen to be a waif 1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 299. 1917.
132
bad that the species was not established. To my cee it was abundant in certain places in the Botanical Garde previous visit to the island in rgrz I had not sree aM specie:
ae arriving at Georgetown I at once called on Professor J. B.
Colony. Very e aid was also given me by Mr. Bodkin, Assistant Director of Science a Agriculture, and by Mr. Ward, Superintendent of the Botanical Garden. For about six weeks I studied the flora in the region accessible
I arrived in the midst of an unusually ees season and was consequence somewhat hampered in collec a m the sea is a level
3 2 a aa 2». © ial o 3 ® 5 a
water (drinking water is supplied from tanks receiving roof drainage).
m December 2 we went to the Penal Settlement, where wemained for three weeks at Colony House. The Penal a.
arti t th t azaruni River, about 30 miles u the quibo It is near here that Professor Beebe has his laboratory he original laboratory was at Kalacoon oppo- site the Penal Settlement; the present laboratory is at Kartabo, about three miles above settl th of ¢ Cuyu iver, near Kyk. al, an i du
is reached by steamer three times each week from Georgetown,
JouRNAL OF THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARVEN PLATE 249
Fic. 1. Entrance to the Botanical Garden, Sass The collection is rich in cies of pal
Fis. 2. Dr. Hitchcock’s headquarters in Georgetown. At the left and right are ba trees (Delonix regia), also called Flamboyant. The small tree is Frangi- va).
pani (Plamie
133
which is at the mouth of the Demerara River. One c: the way by steamer or go by rail to Parika on the ae River and transfer to the steame:
The next trip was to the oe River (December 30 to January 12). Leaving Georgetown by steamer up the Demerara River,
trees among which one can walk Hnunpeded: _The herbaceous
We remained two dave at “Rockstone, our “domicile being a comfortable resthouse. A launch runs three times a week be-
At sees there are extensive deposits of bauxite, ; an oxide of
e trip ocean the passage is very rough. The steamer leaves Tuesday,
arrives at M lorawhanna Wednesday morning, departs from
134
there on Wednesday
Thursday
two days with Mr. King, the Commissioner of the
short distance up the Aruka River, where I sta days ata restho owding the Superintenden ing arra ip to Yarikita on the Venezuelan border hich’ required three days sage s made in.a large rowboat, covered amidships for the comfort of passengers We passed up a ra: eam, th ruau, to its so fir: ght was spent at an Indian benab on the upper part of the latter stream e benab was
g my specimens and in examining the herbarium at the Botanical arden.
The return to New York was by the steamer ‘‘Maraval”’ of the Trinidad Line, which ee our days at Trinidad and a ew hours at Grenada. We left Georgetown February 2 and arrived at New York February 16.
The following table indicates the col in British Guiana ;
> a
d at points
135
Georgetown.. ...... Oct. 24-Nov. 10 reed-en-Hoop No Georgetown......... Nov. 11 Vreed-en-Hoop.. ...Nov. 12 Pate Mower ce Nov. 14 Mahaica.... ....... Nov. 15 Georgetown. ....... Nov. 1 arika. .. Nov. 19 New Aister ant ee Nov. 21 Georgetown....... . Dec. 26 Water Conservancy . Nov. 25-28 abs Settlem: 2 4 Dees 3 fame heen? Dec. 9 See Settlement. .. Dec. 9 se Estate. ....... Dec. 10 Petes ec. IL aie anes . Dec. 12 SVUCAvs ks Sess Dec. 15 Kalacoon. ......... Dec. 16 ismar....... . Dec. 30 Rockstone .. Dec. 31-Jan. 1 Tumatumari Jan. 3-5 Potaro....... Jan. 7 8 Rockstone.......... Jan Wyte shinies’ Jan. 9-10 Mackenzie Jan. 11 Morawhanna..... .. Jan. 14 Issorora. ....... .. Jan. 16-17 Portage.... ....... Jan. 19 Yarikita.... .. 2... Jan Georgetown Jan. 25
FIELD NUMBERS
17412
17602-17659 17660.
he annual rainfall at Georgetown is about 90 inches, distri-
buted somewhat vaguely into two wet a: T
nd two dry seasons.
he mean monthly rainfall at that place (an average of 33
years, 1880 to 1912) is as follows:
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. 8.36 6.78 7.49 7.25 11.50 12.06 10.61 6.31
Oct. Nov. Dec. Total
3-0L 2.35 §.26 11.46 91.23
136
a moist climate like this the drying of botanical anes is ae I will therefore explain somewhat at length the
flat wick such as is used for site and pe urchased another | in Georgetown. Kerosene oil can be obta I
penetrates. e inner shee were a into the field collecting portfolio. The specimens were numbered and ae! in the usual way. B i i
e fol sheets were placed in a press with single driers between at allowed to remain tightly str fapped iF bvelve hours: driers were then replaced by the straps drawn as tight as possible without eruchine eee cor- rugations. The press was then placed edgewise over an oil
out, otherwise the crinkle in the corrugated boards e driers are dried sun when possible but they can be used even when w en dry taken from the press a small quantity of naphthalene is sprinkled in each sheet to prevent molding. e single-faced corrugated aper was preferred to the double faced and the sort with driers permanently attached as facing was found useless. Thi S
a enlarged towel rack were found satisfactory for supporting is presses over the stoves.
137
At the Botanical Garden there is an excellent herbarium based
n10: ly lend to a investigators for study such genera or families as ey be needed.
hel - lored
had er ms man, Edward Stewart, ho eens me in ihe field, did my cooking when away from my base, and aided me in various ways: i tl
parts of the Colony, such as Roraima andthe southern savanna
ae trapepottarion arrangem ments and a minimum ot abou thr Rupununi D fi G t therefore seemed advisable to use my limited time in suiting the points accessible by regular transportation.
British Guiana has an area of about 90,000 square miles, is about 400 aed deep, and extends about 2 = miles along the coast (lat. 1°-8°, N.; long. 57°-61°, e are three coun- ene including the desinaze ee of the Demerara
ch 7 OD.
jes
pro
is fairly healthy, the aback rate being about 35 per 1,000 (14. per I, among whites). Yellow fever is absent, but malaria and dysentery are prevalent. A. S. Hitcucock
138
THE 1920 DAHLIA BORDER The 1920 dahlia border, planted during the second week 2 June, gives promise of excelling the dahlia exhibits of the pas wo seasons in Beauty and cent ipterst: tne pla aud sb ect te
nearly 500 varieties, icp esented by 732 in tedigiuale as com- pared with 343 varieties, represented by 607 individuals, of the mai
last year’s collecti border occupies the same posi-
tion as during the p: easons, Ww! no
annex of about 130 plants, including the singles, the collarettes, e pompons, the shows, a of other es, in the
border at the south of the railway eee plaza. There are
twenty~ seven contributors of-roots and plants this season, as Mae = announced in e detail under “ ad oe —
f the |
of dshliags in the United St: ates: Among ‘the new eho are lexander, East Bridgewater, Mass.; F. C. Burns, San Rafael, California; Frank D. Pelicano & Co. and R. McWhirter, San Francisco; Richard Vicent, Jr. & Sons, White Marsh, Md.; Mills & Co., Mamaroneck, N. ; N. Harold Cottam & Son, Vea
and Mr . Charles u Hills, N. J. Among the old friends of the boniee dotable e new contributions have been received from W. J. Matheson, Hunting- ; The Dahliad
ton, : ahliadel Nurseries, Vineland,
Broomall, Eagle Rock, California; Emily Slocombe, New Haven, nn.; Geo Stillman, Westerly, I.; Al Doty, New aven, Conn.; and C ling, West Have Br -
all, Slocombe, Alexander, Burns, the Dahliadel Nurseries, and
others have their best novelties for 1920, these are
year's display, which promises to make a close approach exhibiting the cream of the world’s dahlias. MarsHatt A. Howe
139
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
The f following visiting n the libr: rary during late April and May: Professors H. ee Wit a i Bailey, nd H. M. Fitzpatrick, Ithaca, N. Y., Mr. G. N. er, Lafa- te, Ind., Professors Edith M: aoe and bah ei nie
‘ : ae ve V. Rand and W. W. Eggleston, Washington D.C, and Mr. L. H. Knoche, San Jose, Califor
Miss Elizabeth B. Higgins, Librarian at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honololu, Hawaii, visited the library on May 4.
r. P. A. Rydberg spent several days during May at the Gray Herbarium of Harvard Un eats in the preparation of manu script for North American Flor
Dr. F. W. Pennell returned to the 2 Gidea June 7, after a six weeks’ collecting trip for plants of the Figwort and other families in the West Gulf States. An account of his trip will appear in a later number
Miss Hester M. Rusk has been appointed Technical Assistant at the Garden, beginning July 5
. E. Watson, since January 1 assistant in gardening instruction, has been appointed instructor in botany at Rutgers ollege, and discontinued his work at the Garden July 15
r. A. B, Stout visited the New York Experiment Station at Geneva dite? the middle of June, in continuation of his studies on sterility a fertility in grapes
. Fred J. Seaver spent several days at Pennsylvania State College on a mycological conacs trip in collaboration with Cornell University, Syracuse University, an ennsylvania State College. A te report of this trip will be made at a later date
140
The Wild Flower Preservation Society and the Torrey Bo- tanical Club held a joint meeting at the Mansion June 2. The
His remarks were illustrated by colored lantern slides and by plates from his new publication on the same subject
annual meeting of the Woman's National Farm and N
e
ne a the flowers er by Profes: L. H. Bailey, the distinguished iculturist and agriculturist, on “‘Codperation in riculture’’ concluded the oe This association has increased rapidly
in numerical strength and is becoming an important influence in bringing the producer and consumer together
Dr. Frank S. Collins of North Eastham, Mass., one of the
Dr. A. B. nee In association with Prof. W. A. Setchell
e ps one riva 0! the algae exsiccatae of the world. Dr. Collins contributed the account of the blue-green algae to Britton & Millspaugh’s “Bahama Flora,” now in press
Construction work at the Garden during May and June
included work on excavating, grading, and path-making in the new Iris Garden and the adjacent grounds, further work on the
141
herry Garden Shelter House, repairs to the brick pillars and retaining wall in front of the Museum, painting the boundary ence on Bronx Park East, and painting and repairs in Conser- vatory Range
bout 150 biology pupils from Washington Irving High School, accompanied by their teachers, spent the forenoon of June 15 at G
g members of the staff; after which they heard a lecture on ‘' Trees and examined the museum collections.
About 400 Sed pupils from Morris High School attended a lecture on ‘Tre at the Gar at one o'clock on June 16, after which —. studied various eens ative specimens on the grounds under the guidance of their own teachers and mem- bers of the Garden staff.
On June 17, biology it from Evander Childs High School visited the Garden for their regular greenhou useum
: re given by Mr. Coe T. Hastings, was listened to with deep interest.
Prapciighc for May.—The total precipitation for the month es. The maximum temperatures recorded for 1oth, 81° on th
and 83° on the 2 ae oe inimum tempera atic: ‘were ae on
lo cl t their early July; through the remainder of that month and in August there are but a scattering display; from September on to the time
142
of killing frosts the amount of bloom will again increase. T winter was extremely severe on roses, hybrid teas stiffer almo:
from the winter’s cold; in some instances this protection was en- tirely inadequate the pee winter.
Despite the backwardness of the season, the vegetable gardens
of the students in gardening are now (June 30) doing extremely Several ie of lettuce, radishes, and spinach have been
es, and between rows of other crops. Beans and
pods. Especially
of the cabbage and tomatoes. Some of the celery has been planted in double rows, water being furnished in surface irri- gation between the rows. ae serious pests or diseases have ap- peared, but the 1 tunneled passages under many fine plants
er show was held June 12th and 13thin the Museum
that of last June, and yet fewer flowers were available. The Garden made a large exhibit of irises and of the flowers of trees and shrubs
143
ACCESSIONS MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 4 lored 1: f wild flowers. (Prepared by Mr. L. W. Brownell.) Ai (Coll rected fe Mr. B. F. Bush.)
(Given by Mr. George M. ee ae 123 specimens ee exsiccatae” Century XXI. oe the Columbia University Herbari
dal Island, New York. (By exchange
with Prof. A. H. Graves.) 1 specimen of pcan laminata from New York. (By exchange with Dr, H. D. House.) : h Caroli (By éxchange with D:
W. C. Coker.) 2
1 specimen of Crepidopus ostreatus from California. (By exchange with Dr. A, S. Rhoads.)
I specimen of Podexon from Cub: (By exchange with eg Hioram.)
55 specimens of re adel mostly from New York. (By exchange with Dr. H. D. Hou
1 specimen of Geis Nashii from Cuba. (By exchange with Brother Hioram.) . i fi he local fi (Collected by Mr.
Percy Wilson.) . I 8 of Lentinus crinitus from Florida. (By exchange with Dr. M. S. Whets ne.) fi Pennsylvania. (By exchange with
Prof. J. F. Adams.)
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM NOVEMBER 22, 1919 TO Y 31, 1920.
’ ANDERS, Joser. Die Sirauch- und Blati-flechten Nordbéhmens. Béhm,-Leipa, 1906.
BalLEy, Evi STILLMAN. The sand dunes of Indians. Chicago, 1917. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
Berscu, Joser. Die Hefe und die Géhrungs-Erscheinungen. neal 1879. 7
BiccLe, Jacon. Biggle garden book. Philadelphia, 1912. (Given by Mis. N. L: Britton.)
British fern gazette. Vol. 2,3. Kendal, 1912-18.
DT, HEINRICH. Séen und Pflanzen nach forstlicher Praxis. Ed. 5:
Hanover, 1880.
CHATELAIN, JEAN JACQUES. ape inaugurale de Corallorhiza. [Basileae]. 1760. Reprint. (Given by es Ame:
ras Orazio. Funghi del aes Parte Ic II. Basidiomiceti. Napoli,
Cotta, ace VON. Ameisune cum Ey eldban: Ed. 9. Leipzig, 1865. DE VISIANI, ROBERTO. ile [ ia] 1875
144
EBERHARD, Coe AuGuSsT. ' Synonymisches Handworierbuch dey deutschen is che. Ed. 13. Leipzig, 1882. (Given by the Trustees of Columbia Uni-
Ss re Emit Epuarp. Der gegenwartige Standpunkt der Mycologie. Ed. 2. Berlin, 1872.
ELENKIN, ALEXANDER ALEXANDROWITSCH. Lichenes florae Rossiae Mediae.
ENGLER, VicTOR. _Monooet nie dey Gattung Tilia. Breslau,
FEISTMANTE) ‘OKAR, Pena oo ing der ee uae: gischen = Voki peed Afrik Ferraris, T- 2i delle pi bea ile. Alba, 1913. ISCHER, ALFRED. gro neruane tiber die Parasiten der Saprolegnieen. Berlin, 882.
FLEMWELL, C. Sur lalpe fleuri. Paris, 1914. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) GERSTNER, RICHARD. Beitvdge eur Kenntniss obligata nuerober Bacterienarten.
GOEBEL, Kari EBERHARD. Die gree peneeneen dey Pflanzen und deren | teleologische Deutung. Jena, 19 NN, TEDRICH. Flora von- 1 Dentschland und Fennoskandinavien sowie von Island und ‘Sprtzbergen. Lei Hopkins, ALBERT ALLIS. ‘ome see howe New York, 1919. (Given by
¢ ow a
ton. J giGeneat: Buen, Protist plankton of northern Norwegian fiords (winter and spring 1899, 1: 1900.) | Bergen 1905.
Ma ta, N. Beitrage aur Mi it . Beriicksich- tigung des Yiagenaent Riga, 1919. AMMEN, FRA) ie Waldungen es Kénigreichs Sachsen inbezug auf Boden, Bestand und gue nach dem Stande des Jahres 1900. Leipzig, 1905.
Mayer, ApDoLF. Lehrbuch der Géhrungs-Chemie ... als Anleitung in ‘die
‘echnologie der Gihrungsewerbe. Ueidelberg, 1874.
The ein coe grower. Vol. 1-4. Ae Icium, ahi The on grower. Vol. 5, 6. ‘alcium, 1918, 19. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barni
PANTOCSEK, Jozser. A ferté. to ne Varin oe Igt2.
PE , HIPPo: PERAGALLO, Mauri Les Diatomtes marines de France. rez-sur-! Loing 1897-1908
RIETSCH, MAXIMILIEN. Paris, 1882. LM-REIFFERSCHEID-Dyck, JoszPH FRANZ Maria ANTON ae IGNaTz VON. Hortus dyckensis. Diisseldorf, 1834.
oe SENOFONTO. Contribusioni alla flora fossile dei terreni terviarii della
igurs arts I-4. enova, I89I.
ee. BIOLOGIQUE D'ARCACHON. Travaux des laboratoires. Vol.. 9-11, Paris,
06-08; Bulletin, Vol., 12-16, Bordeaux, 1909-15. (Given by ae Station _ oo ique d’Arcachon.) -
4. d d coll New York ae (Given by the € Columbia Universi .
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, ¥ Montgomery ar Chas. Lathrop Pack, Fritz Achelis, Edward S. Harkness, enry Phipps, Edward D. Adams, Prof. R. A. Harper, . R. Pierson, a none J. Amory Haskell, James R. Pitcher, Vine T. A. Havemeyer, Ira i John an rea A. Heckscher, Hon. Anning S. Prall, George F. Baker, Bernhard Hoffmann, Charles F. Rand, Stephen Baker, Henry R. Hoyt, Ogden Mills Reid, Edmund L, Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, rof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, D ter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, . K. G, Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, George S. Brewster, Prof. Jan mes F, Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Jacob H. Schiff, ci Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Mortimer L. Schiff, W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Albert “ Shattuck, Prof. C. F. Chandler, ae Lewisohn, Henry A. Siebrecht, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William tous e, Hon. W. A. Clark, Va aoe Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, C. A. Coffin, Edgar L. Marston, James Speyer, Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Francis L. Stetson
Edmund C. Converse, Dr. William H. ‘Maxwell Frederick Strauss, F. K. Sturgis,
aul D. Cravath, merson McMillin, Felsina § i Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Charles G. Thompso: Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Gilman Dhaecea William B. O. Field, Ogden Mills, Tierney,
James ‘ord, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffa: Henry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, anderbilt, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. Warburg, ies, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Nort: ‘an stinghouse, Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Ole ronson Winthrop, J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry rn ‘Oakey sai? L. Winthrop. Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Miss Harriette Rogers, Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. nee E. Kissel, M mes Roosevelt Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, | Mrs. ou MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Henry Marquand, = Mrs, W. G. Thompson Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot Ward.
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsom Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
{. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by
gift or by bequest entitles the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 2. Patrons
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 3. Fellows im Life
The contribution of $10 more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the see to a fellow for life of the Garden 4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay £00.00 00 = more reo and become fellows
for life when thei
5. Senicdaee Mester
Sustaining members pay om a 00 to te 00 Sanne and become fellows for life when their
6. Rees Recker Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. All members are entitled to the following privileges:
-
. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of
anagers. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board T:
2. of Managers. 3. Acopy of all handbooks published by the Garden. 4. Acopy of all annual reports and Bulletins. 5. Acopy of the monthly Journal. 6. Privileges of the Board Room.
7. Life Membets Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00, Information mbers are invited to ask any questions ‘they ai to bas oe on eit or horticultural subjects. Docents will accom mber: thro ugh the grounds and buildings any week day, etn Mena Building at 3 o’cloc Form of Bequest T heresy bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1894, the sum of
Vol. XXI August, 1920 No, 248
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS Pass Fu Mant Orchid-Miunteniienyedteeteen) ce ai fae at of) wise Uojo ays te) 8 145 Grafting with the Aid of Paraffin .... 2... eee eee veers 157 Notes, News and Comment... .. 2... ese eee reer eeees 159
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 4: NortH Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Tue New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS, 1920
PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON Vice-Presipents FRANCIS S LYNDE ST STETSON
EDWARD 'REASURER rie - MERRILL leer TREASU! ee DE LA MONTAGNE Szcretary—N. L. B
. ELECTED MANAGERS es expires pr
N. L. BRITTON WIS UTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. ve FOREST FREDER IC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires January, 19 PAUL D. VATH ADOLPHL LEW ISO. MURRY GUGGENHEIM RANCIS LYNDE STETSON
MYLES TIERNEY.
Term expires January, 1923 EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. ve FOREST i P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K, STURGIS
2. EX-OFFICIO eel THE soa OF THE CITY py Yor N. JOHN F. HYLA Tue PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN B SCIENTIFIC Np eas id R. A. HA ae Chairm
ree P, Rat F. FREDERIC = tae HOLA MURRAY BUTLER HON ‘ANNING S. P.
PROF. WILLAM J. GIES PROF, HERBERT MM. "RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. bolt oe he ee eee ee DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Admi:
wo &
12 W: 01 u
DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator of Plantations
D . B. STOUT, Director of the Lab boratories
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer ARAH H. HAR ibrarian IR. H, HERUSBY, Honorary Curator of t the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Pg tor of Mosses
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Cu urato of Fo. _ Plants
ith ‘ant hea J. CORBETT, Superint: tendent of puiliiege a ae Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JouRNAL OF THE NEW York BOTANICAL GARDEN PLATE 250
THE ParaFFIN METHOD OF GRAFTING
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vou. XXI August, 1920 No. 248
FURTHER REFLECTIONS OF AN ORCHID-HUNTER
How we should welcome a “Flora of Manhattan,” of the year
4 a 5
iI io 4 ot 8 fo) S 5 a oO. <a Oo w o, oO nu oO rt) 3
Ss Pn = oe oO
: su and white blossoms ear eh among the deep greens of iage, of t
bowed the lofty trees; and we desire even more strongly t
1Knickerbocker’s New York, p. 90. Putnam ed. 1863. 145
146
the names of the scores of other plants that crowded the wooded
I never know; records are g; wishes and guesses do not take their pla he scientific imagination looks forward not backward; it develops theories and plans, not legends. These reflections ar y the conviction that our regrettable
of definite knowledge of the plant life of Manhattan thre undred years ago s be a warning against present negle
Throug’ out an area many times as great as he twenty-two
isap’ are eae to oe discovered. Unless botanists of the present
portant, are secondary ; the facts, of the presence a and prevalence of species, come first. The structure of all botanical knowledge, whose apex reaches high, rests on quadrats!
These reflections are concerned with the orchid-flora and con-
also ose
spoliation, at the hands of over-enthusiastic collectors, or, in the
vicinity of many cities, by the vandalism of children and excur- e the need
w es; sO as the materia tor thorough study, esennar ican: inference an record
147
This plea for prompt and vigorous activity in extended in-
mn has been very thosougnly. Soleiet Some traditional locali- . s for c often by collectors more eatesiaatlé tha prudent. Some commoner species have
mar have failed to think whether we could draw from herbaria any sound conclusions as to the actual nei county by county, of the alee ges collected plan ome recent results of intensive exploration emphasize by b at may be done and what has not
e pe was done amateurs, in the am Lake
Peramium ophioides. In Fairlee Cypripediu ii - a Shia abundance on a ek eeey hillside ae 22: 53. 1920.
148
hirsutum, Mill, Malaxis monophylla and Lysiella, well established in certain sold bogs, and Pogonia ophioglossoides locally very
was crowned with fresh discoveries. It wa a a fae summer in Fairlee that Ophrys cordata was aa O. conval- larioides had not been observed until the year before, aie both of these species had been anticipated and searched for.
are reported from Alabama and forty from os c numerical comparis ve no exact scientific value. They take no account of the inevitable differences of growth in different regions or of the probable effect of unknown fac he 7
ai and valuable results. They do provide incentive for such definite, eta: study.
of this specialized and prolonged study is emphasized,
for native , by reflecting on some reasons y our orchid flora is, apparently, less fully known than, yr ex ple, stich genera or families like the Mints, the Roses ort may be me oe all stimu-
or indicated by these terms. Of our nearly seventy species in the eastern and middle States, scarcely twelve continue to bloom, in
149
any one locality, during thirty days, and not more than five or six, chiefly Habenarias, in the inclusive sen:
ed ins
arietinum and Isotria verticillata the flowers develop and wither within about seven days, Malaxis unifolia develops slowly and continuously during the whole summer, but M@. monophylia has
detecte ite as readily in fruit as in flower, s , as iparis Loeselii, more readily; but very many plants do not reach the fruiti in a given year, and, in the majority of our eastern species, the plant is likely to be less readily discerned after the
rs wither, beca f the de and pearance of its
hi their neighborhood. It is difficult often to detect Liparis
150
Loeselit or Blephariglottis lacera or Pepulariee or Malaxis unifolia, quently among grasses and sedges. There are only a few species
distance, because of the size or the beauty of their flowers or
om rounding greens. stature, is conspicuously beautiful in bogs, in ane spring; if it in mi i i am.
texture in the leaves and a uniqueness in the whole aspect of any orchid that catches ~ eye of an enthusiast.
One reason why even the more conspicuous species are not reported more peas is that they grow in remote or secluded places, difficult to approach or to explore, When these stations
ek n hs
dou at some species accounted rare or local might be in many places if they were sought for diligently. Some recent discoveries in New York State emphasize this reasonable expec- tation and indicate clearly the need of exploring even unpromis- ing localities.
Moreover a single visit or a few visits at long intervals will not surely exhaust the Be na of a region or even of a com ’ paratively small tract is with many ee with all, though it asset ee proved against them—an un- certain periodicity, which baffles the explorer and compels fre- quent and intensive scrutiny. In Johnson County, Iowa, Coral- lorhiza odontorhiza was common in a certain deep wood in the
161
Ks ~ year 1896; before and. since it has been rare in the same place. This instance is exemplary, not unique. It could be paralleled by many observers if they had made records. Sometimes the periodicity is only in regard to blossoming, as in Peramium pu- bescens, of which the writér knows one colony, containing more than two hundred plants, in which seldom as many as ten are
climate Ae _A severe winter or a late
Care and dilige are now in designating type speci- mens and in identifying those of an earlier generation iagrams of localities, maps indicating distribution, photographs, often in- cluding habitat conditions, are multiply: Card-catalogues in some institutions are prep serve both the present and utu: specimens are, too fe a talogues emphasize this lack, betray this city. Some eager student, fifty years f rom most of our present collections, no more satisfying answer questions about distribution, with its frequent implications of specific differences, than we
ci e wi now to our queries about the prehistoric Flora of Manhattan!
152
e e a good deal of material but not enough ; a scientific induction needs oat available facts. Records without justifying
n and B. psycodes, and learned that his private collection furnishe a fuller answer than he could get from the very meager posses- sions of the visited herbarium. nm years ago Mr. Oakes Ames eae his eee y of study
r ena It is noteworthy, Boneee ane even in the National
in the monogra was complete when it: was made. n the
years, Liparis Loeselii is more widely represented than in one
153
herbarium that contains more than 100,000 species. The ex- planation of such regrettable lacunae is, of course, easy to find.
ot much careful study has been given to the distribution of the Orchidaceae and exploring expeditions covering large areas have usually been conducted rapidly, with only brief pauses and with
aces to encourage the desire for more; but in no one her- barium nor in all together is there adequate representation of the orchid flora of all the states of this country and Canada. 1 who love our native orchids must wake up to this condition
p ta a fo} a. B a a e
Ko] a iS] 4. 09 (=)
ii ion a eh fog ct a & 3 o
ty es growin, thoug not flourishin aan are, however, surprise fie ;
Flats i - fringed Habenarias. In places remote
154
great cities a gay of oe ae on; trees are felled, ickets
d, thi ucceeds grazing ; the nek and dells and shady ravines and springy hillsides dis: nd in the changes al
ways, too, natural causes, without waiting to ted or directed, join leas in aia the “disappear ance of our orchids
rude peer The writer could go almost to the-spot where collec ai ivi d
1 nd luxuriant. For the home of that “most com- mon” spe is now a cultivated farm; if you go there you fin ass and corn instead o eramoend. r eebe
1 a e like a and only those who love nature eno e sacrifices ox time and effort win through to the few wild Ae left in fa dean corners of earth.” He was thinking of birds chiefly he protection (!)
afforde d by trespass- signs, but his see are fatally true of
155 most of our nave orchids, which shrink before the breath of
Surely there are grounds for our plea. We do not know our
represerited even in the great herbaria; species are diminishing and disappearing fast. Yet there are r ds f ching ;
e known stations for Ophrys australis in Ni e have been mutiplying within the last years; y
5 and leads to unexpected finds. easure as well as obligation is a in the plea for prompt and persistent prosecution of orchid study.
The obligation however seems imperative and clear. Though species disappear, the memory of them must persist and records ny
ments yu m flowering, hanes tiger ution, ost of these requirements imply the work of special enthusiasts, local observers, patiently doing intensive study. Institutions and curators of herbaria can help by
156
encouraging such personal investigations, as well as by prosecut- ing generous plans for exploration and exchanging. Local her- i done i
orizing c est be by resident amateurs, for no locality tells all its secrets to the tourist; each month shows a different ch nd_every year has probable surprises in store th local and general exploration are stim urate record
and study what has already been in logu state and local floras, maps and other pictorial helps stimulate
pparent discrepancies clamor for tl H owl
that will reconcile them. Lack of: information rouses curiosity ai ry. In proportion as we learn more we wish ni est. Need stirs us to e ffort rewards and
rt, Ww feeds desire. The gracious circle completes itself again and ag Thes se reflections will seem to some to look forward to a va; f
and very distant future a matter of fact that future must e near or it will never be reached e must prosecute our inquiries, collect our facts soon if at all. “Now or never” is literally true of orchid exploration in many places; and “Now”
ans no ew s. As the kind of development i attan is paeay pushing not only the early families but
our material promptly. We must be busier than the seats °
Ty year.
“The search for lost opportunity is endless” and unrewarded ; the search for some undiscovered orchid, though never finished, | is a perennial j ,
Herpert M. DeNnstow.
or ie |
GRAFTING WITH THE AID OF PARAFFIN? (WITH PLATE 250)
The grafting of nut trees has been particularly difficult as a rule for two or three reasons, apparently. Repair of wounds
hard-wood group nice adjustment between the cut surface of the scion and that of the stock is difficult because of the rigidity of the w
various: abatacied are overcome by the method of applying
entire scion, buds and all. This prevents e: f£ sture om the scion and maintains a s ension corresponding to that of the stock in th esence of nega
e pre iv
pressures. Furthermore the melted paraffin fills all of the interstices which would ae be occupied by decomposing sal
‘The form of graft must be adapted to conditions of the stock.
For example a branch of stock of approximately the same diameter as that of the scion may be split in the common cleft- gr a n the other hand if the branch to receive the scion
point which will allow the cambium layers of the stock and scion to be brought neatly van Better than the cleft graft is the “bark-slot” method. slot of the width of the scion is made i in the bark of a iach or tr
1Abstract of a lecture delivered at the Garden on May 29, 1920. The accompanying photographs were taken at ‘the time by Mr. R. Reid.
158
pings of raffia will suffice for small cleft grafts but for the bark slot the Spanish sear is ers ble. This consists of a strong cord tied ney about the stock where t e graft is inserted and
of the twister is fixed in the bark of the stock with a two-point tack. to prevent unwindin: This form of fixation of the scion has several advantages.
shoots whic! t vee of the ing of the scion
ust be continued until the scion buds have made several inches of growth fter that time stock shoots may be allowed to develop in order to help in furnishing pabulum for the root for the next year’s ee A f the third year all stock shoots should be removed permanently and only the growth o: graft per ae provided the graft growth is
large enough to balance the root.
employment, but by means of the paraffin method it has been
189
possible for me to do a good deal of direct grafting experi-
mentally, cutting scions directly from a growing tree and insert- ing them into a stock tree. When we employ the direct method
five months. e methods ee are employed for grafting nut trees may also be used for other fruit trees.
is brief outline covers only the essential aca in the pro- cess. More elaborate oe will, however, be included in a small book to be published at an early ae te.
Rozert T. Morris, M.D. 616 Mapison AVENUE, w York City
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 250
Inserting a hickory scion in the bark of a hickory stock. The slot
pressed % upon the tongué of bark in order to insure ‘petter pressure from t! Spanish windlass.
Fic. 3. Spanish biti Sue and ais aia being brushed over the entire field of work, includin, of the
Fic. 4. Fixation of the scion ae the use i rafa instead of the Spanish windlass.
Fic. 5. An ordinary side-cleft graft. Melted paraffin is being applied as Stated under Fi
Fie. A hi ckory: demonstration stock showing ordinary cleft-grafting with rafha Getick and ca grafting with Spanish windlass.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT Bulletin 39, with 94 pages of text, was issued June 30, 1920. It contains the annual reports of the Director-in-Chief and other officers of the Garden for the year 1919
160
About seventy pupils from Curtis High School, Staten Island, spent the afternoon of June 25 at the Garden examining the museum collections and the plantations under the guidance of members of the staff.
The library has recently been the recipient of a book entitled “Wild flowers drawn and colored from aren by Mrs. Badger, with an introduction by Mrs. L. H. Sigourney. This handsome work, in quarto, with 22 7 colored plates, is the gift of Mrs. Fannie Griscom Parsons
Meterology for June. The total precipitation for the month was 4.04 inches. e€ maximum temperatures were as follows: gt° on the 3d, 93° on the rith and rsth, 88° on the 26th and go° on the 28th. The minimum temperatures were a on the sth, 6th and roth, 52° on the 19th and 58° on the 23d
Dr. N. L. Britton, accompanied by Mrs. Britton, sailed for Europe August 7 on the Philadelphia. During his stay abroad he will visit various botanical institutions of Great Britain, France, and Switzerland in the interests of the Garden, particu- larly in furtherance of the ae developing investigation of the flora of northern South America.
Bulletin 38, the fourth edition of the guide to the grounds, buildings and collections of the Garden, appeared June 24, 192
It contains 125 p tiptive text, a general plan of the rden, and 28 full page illustrations eral important fea- tures have been developed since the publication of the last guide,
e eng in the area of over 140 acres added to the Garden early ir
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, lis,
George F. Baker,
if al Be
a (sonata cal
Archer M. pee Adrian Iselin,
Dr. Walter B. James, Walter B. Jennings, Otto H. Kahn,
Prof. James F. Kemp, Darwin P. Eneey Edw. V. Z. Lane,
P;
Ado ih Le wisohn, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, V. Everit Macy,
Edgar L. Marston,
W. J. Matheson,
Dr. William H. Maxwell,
Pea ACS Newbold, C. D. Norton,
Eben E. noe
Prof. Henry - ‘Oahart
Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Phipps, F. R. Pierson,
ING Hon. did S. Prall, Charles F, Ogden Mills Reid, Edwin A. Richard,
. H.R Dr. Reginald # a acob H, Schi Mortimer L. i Ibert R. Shattuck, enry A. Siebrecht, Wiliam Sloa
James nies,
Gia ae son, Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, m
Bronson Winthrop, Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, Asian Armour, Mrs. Robert
vg Bite Pitts Mrs. N. L. Britton, ne Charles D. Dickey,
Mrs, Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs, Hamilton F. Kean
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. A.
Mrs, Cha i MacVest, Mrs. V. Everit
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
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NEW YORK pisces GARDEN ark, New York City
Vol. XXI September, 1920 No, 249
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS Pace MINOMGAL OL LOSHGACH eyshe gcse. theses tres) ee tee se nee 161 GeorgeW. Perkins... eee ee ete ee ttt ee es 179 Notes, News and Comment... ..- 2... eee eee ttre 179
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Ar 4x Nort Quemn Street, Lancaster, Pa.
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OFFICERS, 1920 Presipent—W, GILMAN THOMPSO. Vice-Presipents | EDWARD cIS LYNDE Sse ae
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. ELECTED MANAGERS
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Pilger! DIRECTORS PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNEL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ee ene S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE PROF. RBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) ums (FI ing c fe
DR. FRANCI CoP GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator op Plat thee UT, Director of the Laboratories DR. JOHN: HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer ARAH H. H ; rs vi arian
D f Y, Honorary Curator e Economic Collections ELIZABETH G BRITTON, Becateve rai, of Mosses ARTHU rea H rator of Fossil Plants
er
WALT untant ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
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1S¢ S1V1gd N@GaV4) IVOINVLOg XYOA MAN AHL Jo TyNunol
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI September, 1920
No. 249
IN QUEST OF LOST CACTI Cactus HUNTING IN THE CAROLINAS IN WINTER WITH PLATES 25I AND 252 The lures of the pone historic oe of North Cc arolina and South Carolina pri ckly - pears growing there decided the writer to devote a few a field work to that region in the first week bruary, 1919.
el His experiences and a few incidental historical observations are recorded on the mie oe
some ae years ago, and since then wholly lost from ae
es concern e ‘Opw tunoidea,” ‘ rthra,”’ “O aris,’ ‘‘O, frustulenia.” Specimens of these were exhibited by Professor Lewis R. Gi t a meeting of the Hiott Society of Natural History held January 15, 8, and formally ni and d cee in “ Proceedings" of the society during the sam This record was unobserved for
e many years, and ee no herbarium specimens were mance or at — none have been eel edi
894), a
teacher » chroughout his long career, was a native of Charleston and professor in
the College of Charleston for fifty-five years. He was both m ate matician and
ublishe as a botanist
‘as well n and wi videly recognized. His her! is now ee with J
that of the ee
a
161
162
e first search! in the Charleston country. discovered three
n February, 1916, we traced the last species in the Atlantic coastal cee as far north as Charleston, and last year a frag- mentary specimen of a prickly-pear collected on Currituck Sound, Hees North Carolina, by Mr. W. L. McAtee,? indicated the occurrence of the species in that region also.
is latter melee! and the finding of a new locality for it near Charleston, South Carolina, by Miss Laura M. Bragg? influenced us to undertake an excursion to the coasts of the Carolinas mainly for the collection of prickly-pears.
e left New York at midnight, February 1, and nate the day studying plant collections in Washington. The night boat from Washington to Norfolk brought us near the eeane of our.
1 Described under South Carolina” in Jour- nal of the New York Botanical’Garden 18: 237-246. 2 Waldo Lee McAtee (1883- ) is a native of Indiana, and a graduate of the ate Regtdind of that saints While still an undergraduate, he was curator of the university f the aie See Biological Survey, in which he i is eae ee He is primarily an
ornitholo; as si as birds, Aerie, f Mai
Pane : . . aan f
accounts o} Massachusetts, Virginia, and Florida, and a number of brief notes upon various ARN
y 7
t af and now director, i:
he i hueiasti b and
College, Boston, in the class of 1906.
th ith: f list of the ferns of the vicinity of Charle: h h volume of the American Fern Journal.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART. ;
163
field-work early Sunday capa The early forenoon found us at rolina. Sno
was located and the use of both was secured for the rest of the day. About Snowden the weed crop of the coming season was beginning to appear rather prematurely, but luxuriantly, an the c eee fragrant honeysuckle (Lonicera lie tes ey was in full bloom. The few pleasant days about the tim
this visit: or a man of several weeks of ae ten and Asa result of the inclement weather, much of the eee low country west of Currituck Sound was
sought, tia aes There were, naturally, no flowers, but fruits were plenti
efi ee of this plant in northeastern North eae ee the range fully three hundred and thirty miles north of its former known limit and brings it nearly to
iy er securing our prize we started back. We had ha pleasant drive earlier in the day; but shortly before sunset,
>
164 while returning, the wind shifted and the temperature fell to a
painful degree. The mud-puddles and pools encountered on the way o i i
ci
wind had es be guantciss with spells of walk ng and running order to being Gos, ious!
chilled. By keeping ourselves and the horse moving we reached
aybreak found us in New Bern, North Carolina, one of the
e is rt of entry, at the confluence the Neuse and the Trent Rivers, which form an estuary extending fifty miles to Pam It was settled o hundred yea S nd German immi ts, who named it for
ern, Switzerland. later became the capital of the province of North Carolina, and here William Tryon, o overnors
er
is said to have been the finest residence in the colonies. His name is eee in Tryon Mountain in western North Carolina. This mo mee harbors at least one end
( P.
to
emic pla t is also one of the southern localities te: the aorthern. jee pear peopians sat Subsequent to tl the Revolution, New Bern produced its only two resident botanists. The career of one, H. B. Croom,’ is l Hardy Bryan Croom (1797- Fale a wealthy ea a was bor County, North ee October 8, 17 He graduated at the Peaiien ne ca native state 1817, stu di ied law a an Wi iar Gatton, and was ea itted to the bar, t
b.
1820, ae 1832 he rented a plantation in eas lay on a west Panis of the Aalacicla pee Opposite Aspalag a, and it w in this
h + A and by Ke-dewel f
In i east in Leon Com near Talla hs of le: g his family
n North Carlin In Aud 2837): he Puree’ the former home oa ce
ton, South Carolina, intending to make it his uetiaaan residents
ee the
summer of the same is custom, to New York City, and in pe iG ae een in the steam- “Pa acket ation This been built but
was cana ie Ocracoke Inlet, ia of Cape Haters on the second day out ber 9, 183
children, and maid, perihed His oe personality and nay oliaments intensified the
365
well known. His botanical interests extended as far as we! ectern
bears the name of Croo’ and whose only relatives occur i eastern Asia and Aus r. Cr was evidently the most
ide- native botanist in the southern states during the earlier decades of the last cent I been recorded! that “Mr. Croom was an ardent lover of B d a successful cultivator of ie science. In his annual visits to Florida, availed himself of th which he enjoyed of examin- ing the vegetable priduetions of ot the interesting regons through which he passed. ... His eae Pe herborizations were con- ducted in the vicinity of N middle Florida, par ularly in the acne of Tallahassee, and along the pier heren River... .
“Mr. Cro m had ceaae: a plan for extensive botanical Se in Flor’
The career of Ci : i H. Loomis? is almost unknow:
wr.
Although subsequent native or resident botanists failed those parts, succeeding generations were evidently interested in plants, as is evidenced by the specimens of shrubs and trees extant in
ern.
e more conspicuous trees in the gardens were fine old trees
of Cunninghamia just coming into flower and old giants of the crape-myrtle (Lagersiroemia). On the roadsides and in vacant lots violets (Viola), barren-strawberry (Duchesnea), sour-grass
, Gray, Chapman, and his other botanical friends. Besides his ib
on the very threshold of an inneually pioducti ive botanical career. A mi
Th memory of Croom and his family stands in front of the eal church at Talla! panini ENDLEY BARNHART.
1 John Torrey in preface to A Catalogue of Plants, Native or Naturalized, in
mis, une, clleho win Croom in thi
. Shortly afterward, in or
nae the Georgia that he ea fits December, 18 1 nthemum Loomisis Nutt. and Lysimachia er Torr., bear his name.. an OHN HENDLEY
Bak
166
eens ee dandelion Boeri spurge (Chamaesyce), t (La we omi: Annual gras
‘The transient botanist of Wilmington was the celebrated Frenchman A. R. Delile? He, however, left little or no per manent botanical record of his sojourn in that regio:
. f th see of the southern states. In 1805-06 he visited China, and in 1817-18, South
ighb HENDLEY BARNHART.
« Ratfeneau-Delile aia was avnative of Versailles, France; when onl, ars e he w: of the eas chosen company the Napoleonic expedition e 2 Bot. nd was pl. in e botanic garden then established at Cai: From 1803 to 1805 he was French vice-consul ile mington; he a studied ia in New York City, receiving his
he last and
director of the b i den th He is b i works on he flora of Egypt.—J: H BARNHART.
167
The resident botanists who have contributed to the local pient iret were M. A. Curtis, a adler gyman who studied parts of the St 1, and rides pant
o for od years was seus: with ¢ the St
seveiieg :
he native botanists are represented by J. F. McRee® and Wood.‘ Both the: were primarily physicians, but
they have left us their record as botanists too. A the above-mentioned botanists, M. A. Curtis is most
ses Ashley peli (1808-1872) husetts anda ane o he cl f 1827, an ‘1830 se went to Wil- mington, North Carolina, as a tutor, d t f the region, Li in 1835. From +1835 unt his death he was an Episcopalian clergyman, most of he ti in h Caroli oF ages for nine years, 1847-56, his bine was at Society Hill, in South His
reputation as a a boten nist was bas see almost entirely ‘Upo nm nie work oan i pe
2 boveaee oat: McCarthy (858-1915) was id many years a fa student be in
, Washington, D. C., where he graduated in 1887; when the office - ee to the North Carolina ae esenan a cenit Up
y , 1888-1907, he was looked upon as “state hota” 0 of North Carolina, although h offi actually existed. a 1904 Gallaudet im the h di
NHA! s born a ane North Carolina, and resided in or near Wilmington ce i life. ee received the de; D
His study of botany began at an early age, _ Seapeieees tiroashoat his life. His advice and friendship, and the f: ere of great value to Curtis, who named Galactia Macreei in his honor.—JoHun HENDLEY clits
as Fanning Wood (1841-1: d Wilmington, North iene wher he was a eieicaa ae many years. His eee education Medical College of Virginia at Richm
ree of LL He was active in the work of the medical society, the board of health, and the board of medi examiners of his state, and the American Medical Association. During the Civil War he an assistant surgeon in the Confederate army.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART.
168
widely known, largely through the specimens he distributed. In the latter part of his career he conceived an idea the realization of which would have given him wider renown. However, thi execution of this idea fell to the lot of A. W. Chapman! who crystallized it in his “Flora”—a truly remarkable work when we stop to consider all the circumstances under which it was
oO
weather had been clear, but now rain set in and continued for three day.
The blu wife of the inlets along the coast east of Wilmington were first investigated. There the crow-foot prickly-pear was £ d Ae 1 1 } had it el }
Observations there concerning the flowering and fruiting of this plant confirmed those formerly made at Apalachicola, Florida. ese make clear on the one hand the reason for the idea prevalent ae ie inhabitants vice Ope pAise
ndit o the effect that t
flowers nor fruits, an Be on the other hand, thie interesting way the plant has developed of adapting itself to different environ-
our experience with the crow-foot prickly-pear in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, we had never + Alvan Wentwort! h Chapman (1809-1899) was a 2 gradual te of Amherst College
who went orgia a te udied me entered upon the practice ms his fession in aig oe more than half a ury hi was
several edit: tions , was for nearly fifty years the only manual of the fl of th I J H BARNHART. Dani ing 7 i aoa graduated
g in railroad engineering work ever since, and is now | oe at sib tia North Carolina, as Corporation Engineer of the Atlantic es Line He has always been interested in the botany and zoology of the regions he ae visited, or those where he was stationed.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHART.
JOURNAL OF THE NEW York BoTan==—
pri Kly i iginall the c h Caro.ina,
i a Vista, Florida. This
ae — how the plant grows on the coastal hn ee orth Carolina to id: growth is rans more pause than re panne and is plants
Florid are barren, perha
mex
dip
Crow-foot prickly-pear in a plum-thicket near Wilmington, North Carolina.
In this and in similar places large areas are densely carpeted with joints several layers deep, and the plants are very fructiferous. Although the joints are as loosely attached to each other as they are in the case or Plants on the dunes, the effectual protection from sweeping winds and d h which i
g augmented by tl lati f more nutriment in the form of humus.
169
before found it fruiting in its Kile natural habitats, that n
e sah equi “eEGn nd the species extensively and often quite sand-dunes,
ro Boar It eae: — that the bor ef a abt
the p l habitats is poo is dleaely, below that which the a could use. The plants are plentiful, but the joints are small, often very small, and have the appearance of being undernourished. In this condition they fail to produce flow
In the artificially ane habitats we find a different state of affairs. There, where the plants are protected from the
masses. That the plants derive more nourishment from the soil in the artificial habitats is evidenced by the much larger
170
size and healthier condition of the joints. Hence, under stimulus of sufficient nourishment there the plants aoe sexually as well as vegetatively.
Prickly-pear fruits, or rather the seeds, are - much sought
after by birds, in fact some birds seem to venously fond of them. Thus it might be argued that the birds destroy the fruits in the natural habitats of this plant. T be a reasonable a ent were it not for the fact that in localities where the three species, Opuntia Drum du, O. acrarthra, al
Pollardi ine together, there is present a plenty of fruits of the second and third cited apes while Bowe pie is Spares) And
further, the ae of accessible to a bird ¢ on account of ‘ne “decidedly less vicious ci
least in size; the other woody growth is much stunted and there are extensive fore ith a ximum height of two or three f se minia ees were mostly red-bay ( oF yaup (Ilex vomitoria), an ahoon-holly (Ilex Cassine) All through these d: utive forests were the trails of s tive animals along and near were endless patches
a sean oF these dunes was diet the tone: aout prickly-pear Charleston,
South Carolina region. In this we were disappointed.
In many places the sand of the dunes was covered with sand-
loving mosses that had recently put forth much ne th s were clothed with a carpet of the partridge-ber:
(Mitchella s). A striking Adam's needle cca) grew
dunes. It had stiff spatulate leaves, but
it was neither in flower no: it. This region is outside of the
hitherto known graphic range of th his
it very likely represents"an undescribed species. In sheltered
171
the ebony-spleenwort (Aspen enti grew tall es. ithe:
ds, d finding a congenial habitat, eee plat net only perpetuated
itself, but it appears to . The maritime
environment has produced a different iociae plant fe the
2 =|
areas of marsh that ee m later would be covered with the blossoms of the celebrated Venus fly-trap (Dionaea) This interesting plant is often reporte the verge of extermination; but it is still plentiful about Wilmington, and w lately received re f extensive areas of it abou aes nee s inland. es of the inte and native plants t Wilmington
In addition the biuets oe minima) were Powering in tie low woods east of the
combination of circumstances defeated our plan to stop at ae South Carolina, so we went from Wilmington to
J r Georgetown, South Carolina. I cending habit, one and a half to two feet high, with long, nearly spineless t on sand hillocks amid rs to} localities kno Cedar Island and Murphy’s Is : ii record clearly indicates Opuntia macrarthra of Gibbes, heretofore own o e vicinity of Charleston. In Charleston we were brought face to face with ne ain
task of our trip, namely, the rediscovery of Gibbe: nee tunoidea. Wh hile at Charleston we had the facilities of the
172
Charleston Museum, through the kindness of Professor P- Rea,! the Director, and Miss Laura Curator of bes Taste aon; hgucaaped artenged for all “the fiel aq work,
was that of g eae -pear located by Miss Bragg a year ago. SO Sbiecuve lay about thirty miles southwest of Charleston. A well-nigh impossible road separated us from our goal; but we made the attempt and accomplished our errand. We have participated in some exciting motor trips in peninsular Florida and elsewhere,
g ed tal € ie safely or ditching the car. Fortunately, we came out all We do not know ohne t was buried under the mud, but es the car would strike objects that would throw it out of the
ties of the ride, and payor once were we Dunes so deen! in the mu
that we had to call on ly nearby S in-gang to
come with shovels and dig the car out! However, t the severity of f
a (1878— )d
essor of biology in the Colleg ge ou Charleston from 1903 to 1914, and pte ot a pe a physiology in the Mee College of cen Carolina fro! Williams College. i Wi ie iams, and a field assistant in the Bureau of Forestry. He was one of the ies of the American Association of nd as such the of its Proceedings, the association jn ae current
year, 1919-20.— JOHN Henpiny BARNHART.
173 and by the time we reached Rockville the laces of her shoes were untied!
as is located on the southernmost point of Johns Island. It lies on a small promontory on the North Edisto River facing
furnish the rocks to break the monotonous environment, whic is made up of sand and water. en we alighted from the motor-car, the reward of the strenuous ride was before us, and the last mystery of the Gibbes alae of i vias pears was solve out to the shor re and jee. with our backs toward vi
that without either flowe its it is indistinguishable It represents Gibbes' Opuntia tunoidea, w! collected for a period of sixty-odd years. The flowers and fruits
have yet to be seen, and must be secured before its real specific relationship can be determined.
The largest plant, erowine asa sraicgnt pusl about ten feet in diameter, had been for by the building of a house on the site. The disarficulated remains were scattered widely over the lawn-like dune an ey were, naturally, taking
he 1 i ing near the tide
an trees near the crest of the low dune. In the case of Jarger plants, joints up to eighteen inches or m eir armament was just like that of ‘Dillent s prickly-pear of Florida and the West Indies. After securing enough s: specimens for growing in the cactus Buena ‘a
a regretfully began our homeward journey; not that we regretted leaving Rockville, but what we looked forward to on the motor
174
trip before us. We did not feel safe until we had cama ies charged the last sea of mud just outside of Charleston. Fortu- nately for us and also the cause of Cactus, we ark the return without any casualtie The following aye was devoted to the eastern end of James Island in the vicinity of the Quarantine Station, through the of the e, Dr. H. M. Manning.
courtesy cer-in-Charge, Dr. annin: ckly-pears were abundant on the sa ne t of the islan he large one we collected at Rockville, however,
grew promiscuously all over the dunes. They are: Opuntia
touched, apparently on account of their being more copiously spine-armed. i -pears thus support animal life in several ways.
being eaten by rodents. The tubers, which are borne in great quantities by some jaa would doubtless furnish a starch which would be useful to man.
1 Herbert Miller Manning (1878- } is a graduate of the medical school of Columbian (row George Washington) University, of the a oe 1900. ae 1903
health officer has been stationed at various oe in Hewett and the EMDPes: tt New York, at New Orleans, at Key We:
ton, now in n charge as the marine hospital at Lene baad has been OE
175
The same cultivated plants and weeds found blooming at New Bern were also observed at Charleston. The old brick d d
he former was the more common of the two. It is called the Huguenot-fern because of a tradition that it was brought t lina h wi
th Caro by the Huguenots. H er, there little to support this tradition! A favorite
tradition revalent in the same region is common. believed that the little Japanese bush-clover (Lespedeza striata) was intro d int uth Caroli do he es luring the il Wa riod; but it is really ki n thoroughly naturalized, at least in Georgia, a a of a
e first definite record of the Hu arr Ne ern in the United States was its discovery on brick foundations in 1868 by Pro- fessor Lewis R. Gibbes. Since then it has taken possession of
hide the bricks ever, it was not common there this year, fe extreme cold weather of the winter of 1918 had wholly or partly killed the wth on man Ils wh once was
The other ae: fern, the native ebony-spleenwort, grew less erred an its associate. However, on first thought, one w acs it Asplenium platyneuron, the artificial ae ae encouraging a quite abnormal habit of growth and size. Compared with specimens of the same species we found at the coast-region of Wilmington, Neri Carolina, in a natural habitat, the differences were quite marked, not to say misleading.
hie vl. L. M. Bragg, in Bulleti the Charl,
Museum 10: 19-21, 1914.
176
Having accomplished the objects of our visit to Charleston, set out for the final objective in the Carolinas, namely, ina. O: n. ft C
a orat or . Cc. Coker! a cee ersity. The following day found the writer back in York and at the Garden, and curiously enough in a milder climate than that of the then frigid South
Tosum up: The presence of th I ickly-pear (Opu Pollardt) o nee dunes of Currituck Sound, northeastern North
puntia D. been found as far north as Okracoke Island in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, is to be expected on the sand-dunes in Virginia south of Cape Henry, if not north of Cape Charles. However, the most Sra result of the excursion was
(1872—
Carolina, where he has been professor of botany since 1902. e had received his
degree as doctor of philosophy at the Johns Hopkins Universi the preceding ear, and spent the interval in ae at ue nn. <Brofess rey rCo ker is a member of
ieti
ature. He was ae of te eet ie Academy of Science in 1909, and as been editor of the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society for more
than fifteen pes a ENDLEY BARNHART.
177
the clearing up of the last mystery in connection with the species of O.
ions In the paper referred to, Professor L. R. Gibbes describes
Taking them up in the order recorded by Gi a “The first, which we will call ntia tunoidea, falls under Engelmann’s subgenus Platopuntia, section Grandes, is erect,
be separated from the tropical ones Dillenit. “The si i
and three inches wide, one third of an inch thick i ha
gion. S spineless prickly-pears, odd plants or individual joints may times e i
e third species is Opu ntia vulgaris, the oi ies of Elliott, and othe eT8, common th ‘ou ughout the State.”—This
in now known ange a northeastern North Carolina to southern Micon: The species it was long confused with— puntia Opuntia—is confined to the mountains and to the Piedmont region.
lq lof the Ne i 4
J ] 18: 243, 244. 1917.
178
“The fourth, which we will call Opuntia frustulenta, probably elm of the sam
range along the coastal sand-dunes and the immediate vicinity from North Carolina to western Florida, and perhaps into labama. Our experiences in the Carolinas suggest the possibilities of the extension of the geographical | ra: nges of some of the typically
adjacent Piedmont plateau Joun K. SMALL
179 GEORGE W. PERKINS
George W. Perkins, a member of the Board of Managers of th ‘w York Botanical Garden since 1900, died, after a brief illness, on Alaa 18, 1920.
Mr. ‘kins was greatly interested in parks and gardens and he was a ce er of plants. He frequently visited the New York Botanical Garden and contributed liber rally to all special funds , 7 : :
or construction and developm advice many subjec has been valuable to the institution. In mt years, t for public service has tl n given to the establishment and development of the great Interstate Palisades Park in New York and New Jersey, a splendid monument to his indefatigable = and ae i t
Resolved: s associates in the management of the New
this preamble and resolution be entered upon their minutes, ee in the Heat ag of the Garden, and that a copy be sent ‘o his bereaved family. Approved by the Executive Committee, fed 22, 1920. N. L. Britton, Secretary
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT Dr. Mario Calvino, of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, visited the Garden August 11 enroute to Eur Professor Charles J. Chamberlain, of the University of Chicago, paid a visit to the Garden August 11 on his way to the meeting
e
where Bee is to deliver an invitation address on the subject of
“ ycads.
Dr. W. A. Murrill visited Hollins College, near Roanoke, Virginia, on July and August 1, where he was invited to several parl ae on popular botanical and fe eattaral
180
. V. Rand and H. E. Thomas, former students of the Garden, received ee degree of Ph.D. from Columbia University at its commencement last spring.
out sixty pupils in the summer school of Columbia Uni-
versity, a y Mr. L. W. Crawford, Jr., visited the Garden on the afternoon of August 9 and were shown through portions of the grounds and buildings by Dr. Barnhart, Dr. Seaver, Dr. peat and other members of the Garden Staff.
set of western American mistletoes—specimens of Razy- eae and Phoradendron—distributed by Professor James R. Weir has been incorporated in the herbarium
A gift of several dozen specimens representing the commercial varnish resins brought together by Messrs. Nobles and Hoare of London, has been received for the Economic Collections from Messrs. Pomeroy and Fischer of New York.
A collection of nearly five hundred specimens of flowering plants from southern Oregon and Mt. Jefferson, California, made by Professor M. E. Peck, has been added to the herbarium.
any readers of the JouRNaL will be interested in the new quarterly magazine Ecology, the official organ of the Ecological Society of America. Dignified in BOD arenes and authonistive in tone, the ma: ill in the ee, aa ‘of both animals and plants.
Sear os July: The total precipitation at the Garden the 3.68 inches. The maximu:
were 56° on the 6th, 54° on the 17th, 51° on ae 26th, and 54° on the 27th
ee 1h
a
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, : bay aks Hare, Chas. a Pack, ritz Achelis, ard S. Harkness, Henry Phip
Edward D, Adams, zi R. A. Harper, F Plerson,
Charles B, Alexander, J. Amory Haskell, James R. Pitcher,
Vincen' or, T. A. Havemeyer, Ira lace,
John W. Auchincloss, A. Heckscher, Hon. Anning S. Prall
George F. Baker, Bernhard oe Charles F. Rand,
“as aaah Henry R. Hoy gden Mills Reid,
und L, Bay’ Archer M. Palio Edwin A. Richard, tet ‘hades “A eae Adrian ee -
Prof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, - Walter B. Jam John D. Rockefeller, C.K. G. Billings, Ris B.J ining William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, . Emlen pea: George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. foie H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Jacob H. Schiff, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Mortimer L. Schiff, W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Albert R. Shattuck, Prof. C, F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, Henry A. Siebrecht, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, William Sloane, Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, Valentine P. Snyder, C.A. \ dgar L. Marston, ames Speyer, Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Francis L, Stetson, Edmund C. Converse, Dr. William H. Maxwell, Frederick Strauss, Marin Le Brun Cooper, George McAneny, F. K. Sturgis, Paul D. Cravath, Emerson MeMillin, B. B. Thayer, Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Charles G. Thompson, Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, William B. O. Field, Ogden Mills, yles Tierney, James B. For n. Ogden L. Mills, Louis C. Tiffan enry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, W. K. Vanderbilt, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Felix M. burg, Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Paul M. Warburg, Daniel Guggenheim, C. D. Nort shi H. Westinghouse, urry Guggenheim, Eben E. Ole Bronson Winthrop, J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry - "Osborn, Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Mrs. aaa Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I, Prat ean,
Mrs. rt Bacon Mrs. Hamilton F. Ki Miss Harriette Rogers, Miss = ane Billings, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs, James Roosevelt, Mrs . Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, rs. Benson loan, Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. oe AseVenah Mrs. Theron G. Strong, Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Ts. Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, M ae raat) Mrs. W. G. Thompso,
Mrs, Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking Mrs, Cabot Ward. Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxilia
Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson, Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F.K.S
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
J. Benefactors The ea o $25, 000.00 ees more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by b to be a benefactor of the Garden,
2. Patrons The conten oF $5000. 00 or amare ey the funds of the Garden _ gift or by bequ o be a patron of the Garden 3. Fellows for Life The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the pi eee to be a fellow for life of the Garden, 4, Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 Pe more ‘ecar es and become fellows for life when their p
5. Seay Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to aca poms and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1,000.
6. Annual Members
Annual members Sh an annual fee of $10.00.
d to the following privileges: Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of
_
»
anager vain to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of Man
x copy of all fandtcnee published by mt Garden. A copy of all annual reports and Bullet
copy of the monthly Journal. Privileges of the Board Room.
7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00.
Sear See)
Information mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire i oe pei on folaical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompa: mber. throu gh the oe and buildings any week day, leaving Moe Building at 3 o’cloc Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 189, the sum of
Vol. XXI October, 1920 No. 250
JOURWAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS PAGE Notes on the History of the Bearded Iris... 2 - - + +e ee errs 181 Botanizing at Blacksburg, Virginia. ,...+--++++sses Par ea Notes, News and Comment... +--+. sess eee errr 193 PACCERBIOTIN Th ict ies etic abe eokelt eke b aVatite ster resWalevtediepateuny my nek ey teulss oa) .9) ca 196
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Ar 4x Nortw Quexn Steet, Lancastse, Pa,
Tue New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS, 1920
Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON nh c sha ciele LYNDE STETSON .
Vicu-PREsIDENTS E RD D. ADAMS
TREASURER—JOHN L. heen LL
Assistant TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
Szcretary—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1921
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY’ W. bE FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires rexel 1922 PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH LEWISOHN MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
MYLES TIERNEY
Term expires rae 1923
EDWARD D. cece ahs SEE ROBERT W. pz FOREST } Go DANIEL GUGGENHEIM Baie ianeGis
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tuer Mayor oF THE City or New York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN Tue PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. ea ee Logon ais a ears RPER, Chairm EUGENE P. BICKNE OF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS URRAY BUTLER eae ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) . A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN kK oa Head wan of the Museums (Flowering Plants) MURRIL Su i
pervisor of Public Instruction oF RYDB R Curator (Flowering Plants DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, ir werless Plants) DR. FRED J SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Pl ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative A t WILSON, Associate Curator RANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Cur ic ae ae: Head Gardener and Lakh of Panton
OUT, Director of th ato wh OH HENDLEY BA RNHART, "Bibliogropher AH H. HARLO nm R. H. H. RUSB cg st Curator ay Hi Economic Collections ELIZABETH G BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, ead Curator of hier Plants ce Ww ; su
EC “Clee onteare ; wei BETT, Superintendent Buil sige cy Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI Octoker, 1920 No. 250
NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF THE BEARDED IRIS
hack Hick
on this ines eubjet, and it will be part of the ne of t Soc!
into a complete history. In the meantime, however, some pre- , liminary notes of what we have already discovered may not be out of place.
Bearded Irises are native to Central and Southern Europe
Bulgaria, Palestine and Mesopotamia. Wi rms as generall kno warf species of Iris of the Alps, represented best by pumila. e forms of germanica which are 1 ive to
3 5 3 < a4 ° 3 3g A ing om € a = 8 S. 24 a = a 2} <a x = 9 it os @ =] tory
ente: Austria, ef the wi i from net sia ‘Ming, such as trojana, w ese
hen th
Ricardt cypriana
varieties were first cultivated by man, but it is known that one
dozen or a dozen wild forms were offered. It is evident that
and Salted, began their work and produced quite a number of 181
182
new forms of Iris as of many colors. These Irises were all the progeny 7 ve eee pallida and variegata, and they combined e six sections, hits pen
ese six rou were
own int amoena, neal Diceia: ae squalens. until recently considered all species, but it has now been proven al S i
ized Intermediate types between them and used these for their breeding. We have at present no record of just what these three men did, and the first record we do have of any named varieties
from the garden, but among them was the well-known variety me. Chereau. Following 1855 we have again a lapse of twelve years about H
and named there, were on their arrival in England renamed w ae names, so that we cannot tell for certain to-day viene the many varieties bearing English names are all of them of English origin.
Peter Barr was one of the first to import varieties of Iris from the Continent and to give them English names, but he also
183
named many of his own seedlings. We have at the present time
no exact records to show which are which. ut such varie- ties as Albert 3 Celeste, i Jane, Albatross, Cottage Maid, Perfection, Dr. ice, and others, are supposed to repre-
in 1905 by the American pioneer a bao: ertrand H. Farr, missing, which really laid th the 5 interest in Iris. This collection and
before 1905 represented only the ate of two species, pallida ae vartegala.
is breeders, however, were not long content to work with
Pe Bae only. Sir Michael ae to whom the English refer e “Father of Iris,” began in the 80’s to collect Iris eae a Iris forms from all parts of the world, and to use them for breeding. His most eel he was ee the crossing of the Bearded I e difficult to grow in England and almost impossible to grow in he eastern portion of the United States. The re: sulting crosses are veils because they flourish in England and can b or less success. Some ‘ot them are © exquisitely beautiful in their deep cop) 1 which they have inherited from oe On mcocyclus parent and which are not to be seen in the Bearded Iris proper. Among the best of ee varieties are
hi America
larger flower than pallida, and, instead of ares the stiff stems
main stem on gracefu ae ie The five
¢ i=] ¢. ° i} = e. ° zs cal oO t=] Qa oO ca w o im o tal 2 ot. ian oO ta un i= 77) oO i Ko) ¢. So lo} o ie} + 5 ° o
seasons, and it is evident that we must use them for breeding
184
rather than as permanent garden plants, for in our Northern gardens extreme vigor is the most important quality. Sir a ian r i
the status of some of the collected forms which he used in his reeding. Inspired by Sir Michael Foster’s work, Caparne on the Island
Jhave disappeared from oo but a among them are ihe
interesting fact ote here is that Caparne sold a large collection of these Intermediates probably about 1900, or later, oeneman, of Niederwallaf, Germany. about
s firm tt erica a set of Intermediates, including
Fritjof, Halfdan, Helge, Ingeborg, and Vhalla, ich were ntroduce re by Dreer and by Farr, and have become very popular. Whether these are actual Caparne varieties renamed, or seediin f them, is not known, but anyone who grows the
two sets side by side will be struck by the fact that they are in their characteristics as like as two peas in a pod. I do not wish
185
to say that Goos & Koeneman sent these out with any intention
of sora for it was their full right to buy unnamed seedlings m Caparne and to m, but the fact remains that in
ee they are given ae seal of introducing an Intermediate
race, a credit which rightfully belo ie to Caparne. While i $s & Koeneman I m
famous, among these being such varieties as Iris King, Rhein
F rele he only other breeders ee note in this early period of which we ae pecan at presen! are Verdier, in aoe whose earlict t to merce, 0 in America, but who is pests as the varieties which were intro-
Ve come now to meee may be known as the modern breeders, Il of whom owe their inspiration to Sir Michael Foster, and who
d f : thousands of seedlings are being tested yearly. The Vilmorin Nurseries are not far from Paris, and near them is located the
186
firm of Cayeux & LeClerc, which, like Reuthe, have sent out number of varieties which a almost entirely ee i t
au very —_ oe purple ne whic h he will eerily become as
rope. is other varieties are not small, the best of them being Cas Bianca, Ivanhoe ot. ese hav
Atlas, Romeo and Colonel Candel The bee tro- duced within the last ten year are quite well known in Europe, but apparently not in this countr At the south of FE is eede s done a great work i raising Irises for his cli enis lives near the town
mate. Pa of Cette on the Mediterranean, and he found over 30 years asd
with very large flowers of a poor ie has been able to co e its size with orm and the coloring of the standard varieties, and climate he has roduced what might almost be called miraculous results, for his varieties are twice as big as the standard va is unfor- ate, however, that this Ricardi parentage brings wit a trace of tenderness or lack of vigor, so that some of these varieties
p by the the plants weaken and die. Ole: varieties of his, however,
187
which apparently haye as much Ricardi parentage, flourish in Paris and in England, and appear to do well in this country,
twilight In England the seedlings of Yeld have lately taken on consider-
able importance, and they have been very much admired in this country. — chavactonstie of all his ened their extreme igor, whick y the gardener who has struggled with some of Sir ‘Michael Foren: s seedlings or some of the Denis Ricardi seedlings. Lord of June is one of the most beautiful of
i and r
Col chester, who himself is also growing a number of eeallings of great pro’ The piciean English breeder of modern times is Mr. Bliss of Morwellham, Tavistock, Devon. He has been breeding s for 20-years, first. for the scientific purpose of determining the aay ae of our eee garden varieties, with results the belief of Mr. W. R. Dykes that but
+
188
two species, pallid d t ble for all varieties
in gulavacen before 1890 or 1900. Dante the past ten years, however, Mr. Bliss has been endeavoring to produce new and
breeders he has not stuck to one as and aan merely one
type of flower, i has ae all the types of Iris flowers.
f the s raised about 70 have been retained
for further testing, and with these a dozen or twenty have been d to i
Irises, and is now advancing with considerable certainty toward sas eters oals.
of ae Irises of European breeders noted above have been Bae in their native countries , but it is always a question
an taken on faith on their European performances. We have
189
fortunately in this country a large number of persons who are breeding Irises Ripa ae and from them we can expect a ey
dozen more, will be grown in American gardens for many years to come. The most scientific work of breeding Iris in this country has is ly F
y years to come and will bring her increasing fame as they become known over this s country and Europe.
The only other large producer of American seedlings is Mr. W. E. Fryer, of Mantorville, Minnesota, who has produced
to them; and therefore it would not appear that most of them and therefore it would not appear that most of the are worth
190
cultivating in the climate of the Eastern United States or Europe; ut it may be that in the cold Central and Northern States they
best European Irises have felt certain in their own minds that Mr. Fryer had not seen the best of the modern European varieties ead he named so many of his seedlings.
would not be right to finish this short sketch without men-
rison, of be aay Mr. E. M. Andrews, of Boulder, Colorado;
Mr. William Mohr, of Mt. Eden, California; Mrs. C. S. McKin-
ney, of Madison, — Jersey, A. P. Saunders, Mrs. Cleveland
and any oes are iprodueine seedlings that i ina - years are
certain t and we can only wai
until it is posible for us to secure these and a theme in our d
gardens.
A brief sketch such as this can merely call attention to the three points; first, the very small knowledge we have of the early breeders, which knowledge we hope may shortly be increased by the research of our European friends; second, th
oO
ct > i a. © < oa 6 > ® [on ct ° 2: as) ch a ® 5 oo inn o 4 x ie} 5 = 2 =i for
present and future to give us distinct and unheard of advances
191
during the next ten or twenty years.’ From what I have seen and heard I feel convinced that we are just on the threshold of very great improvement of this beautiful flower.
Joun C. WISTER.
BOTANIZING AT BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA
uring a vacation period of two weeks spent at Blacksburg,
od, although eet
Hexagona pees was found in abundance in Broce’s
ly, lant in the same e E 10. large bracket-fungus attacking especially the white oak, but icko ed maple, etc. Its nearest relative,
Ss 3 a e S > Ow cod 3 ° 5 o =] Ams > o
so com North, is very rare at Bindi: rg. Hydnum erinaceum was found in a decayed spot on the trunk of a living hickory.
Interesting observations were made on the food of the common ox tortoise, which is abundant in that locality. As long as
192
Vaginata vaginata, a common mushroom growing on the ground
in woods, was plentiful, the tortoise seemed to eat hing else ussula virescens was his sec choice irrels carried mushrooms S trees, but the tortoise devou in place, stem and all, leaving characteristic ‘‘chips” as proof of his presence. A man came to me July 25 and asked me to look at a ‘‘gum h acorns on it.” It proved to be the shingle oak, Quercus
tree wit imbricaria, ae only specimen I know in the vicinity of Blacks-
we July 27, I went to Brush Mountain and found the flora on the Se ice shales and sandstones quite different from r cksb Tr
The blossoms are five-parted, creamy-white with purple center,
any relief. Potassium permanganate was also tried without
c
f water and the solution prepared fresh every twelve
hours, the sores that were bathed in the liquid disappeared in a few days.
In connection with the subject of poisons, I might mention an
the fly agaric. Some one has stated that flies are often only stupefied for a time by sucking certain mushroom juices and
193
that they afterwards come to life and fly awa By variou ermine:
here were I10 boys and 48 girls in attendance, in addition to a hundred or more from the immediate vicinity . A. MURRILL
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
The following visiting botanists have registered in the library summer: Professor H. st an
during the oO 5 y,
P Ricker, Mr. G. F. Gravatt, Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. B. O. Dodge r, e per and Mr. Walter Swingle, Washingt D. C., Professors Melvin R. Gilmore and Norma E. Pfeiffer, North Dakota, Professors L. H Bailey, H. M. Fitzpatrick and Mr. H. E. Stork, Ithaca, N. Y.,
r J. Pessin, Baltimore, Md., Professors John W. Harsh- berger and class and Dr. John Pennypacker, University of
ennsylvania, Profes . AL vler, Decatur, ; Jackson, Lafayette, Ind., Charles J. Chamberlin, Chicago, IIl., Al aven ; i akima,
Mr. A r Mani, Philippine Is., Mr. Joseph ock, Honolulu, Hawaii, efior L. Rodriguez, Paris, France aad Professor F. S. Earle
A. Murrill represented the Garden at the second
from various countries. A general account of this important
194 meeting will appear in a futuré number of the JourNAL, and a more technical paper will be prepared for the January num- olog
ber of Myce
. Murrill addressed the members of the Garden Club of di
eye rose mallow, often scattered among the others, may be readily distinguished by their white flowers, with crimson center, and their long-pointed fruit-pods
Duplicate specimens of marine algae to the number of 3,406, chiefly West Indian and more particularly Bahamian, were dis- tributed during ne month of June. They were anade up in twenty re sent to vari the United
Sire and me eo to those in which studies of the marine algae are being carried on and with which exchange rela- tions have ae established ‘
rogress was made throughout the summer in the pre e
a in May and affords fine views of this plantation, most attractive in June during the pericd of maximum bloo
195
Mr. Kunihiko Okura, president of the Okura Paper Company, of Tokio, Japan, recently presented the museum with a number made “ Papi T
of articles r-Silk.” The Papier-Silk is a sub stitute for real silk. The material is made by using natural silk for warp and silk paper yarn for w hi aper yarn ained from a native Japanese known as Edgeworthia papyrifera which is now extensively cultivated on the mountai slopes of Japan and used for pa [p and yarn. In making
Japan. It is only recently that an ee has been made to commercialize and popularize the industry.
Dr. Jonathan Dwigt it he foll on the Linnaean Botanical Garden, at Upsala, Sweden: In the lower end of Svartbacksgatan at Upsala is the old botanical
e aed
wn uo) oD =) ae 3 ° an oF. fo) om in a ct. am 3 4 o = p 3 ° [=i ie] oe: i" oO 2 vy > #
u that a large donation has been received by the Linnean Society for a new home for the Director. As soon as it is ready the
196
Ss will tal i nd also of the Linné House, where the expensive collections of ae books, bric-a-brac, etc., which were the belongings of Linné will then be moved.
The greater portion of these have been heretofore kept in the Linné house in Svartbacksgatan.
Meteorology for August—The total precipitation. for
month was 7.49 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded at the Garden for each week were oe on the 8th, 89° jath gI° on the 17th, 84° on the 27th ‘and 87° on the 3 e
minimum temperatures were a on the 3d, 65° on the 12th, 55° on the 20th and 56° on the 28th.
ACCESSIONS USEUMS AND HERBARIUM 484 species of flowering plants from Oregon. (Collected by Professor M. E. c
2 specimen of Vaccinium crassifolum from North Carolina. (Given by Mrs.
. A. J. Wilkins. 161 species of flowering plants from Jamaica, West Indies. (By exchange with te Ro: yal eataaia Be Englan: nd.)
315 specimens of flowering plants ioe ‘Indiana and neighboring states. (By exchange with Mr. C. C. Deam.} photographs of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) 2 uncolored lantern slides of dahlias. (Prepared by Mr. Car] RiedIbauer. ecimens of flowerless and flowering plants from Trinidad, ies Indies (clita by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. Britton, Miss Dorothy Coker, and ae specimens of Penstemon from Colorado. (Given by Professor Ellsworth Bethel. Z men of Synthyris from Alaska. (By exchange with the United States
1 specimen oi Panax from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. William Trimble.) I specimen of Penstemon from Oregon. (Given by Mr. J. C. Nelson.)
I specimen of Penstemon australis from South Carolina. (By exchange with Dr. C. A. Ludwig.)
(Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton).
ee
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, y Fa Syed Hare, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Fritz Achelis, ward S. Harkness, Henry Phipps, Edward D. Adams, cai R. A. Harper, F. R. Pierson, Charles B. Alexander, j. Amory Haskell, ae R. Pitcher, Vincent Astor, TA samy: ‘a A. Place,
ohn W. Auchincloss, A. Heckse! “aH Anning S. Prall George F. Baker, Bernhard Pia Charles F. Rand, Stephen Baker, Henry R. Hoyt, Ogden Mills Reid, Edmund L, Baylies, ' Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, arwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof. Ed urgess, d ne, Mortimer L. Schiff, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr ert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck,
Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, rech' Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ad bd Lewisohn William Sloane, William G. Choate, Kenne hk: Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, Hon. W. A. Clark, V. al acy, James Speyer, C. A. Coffin, mre vi aie Francis L, Stetson, Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Mat! Frederick Strauss, Edmund C. Converse, Dr. ati ee hcaoeth F. K. Sturgis, Marin Le Brun Cooper, George McAneny, B. B. ;
‘aul D. Cravath, merson McMillin, Charles G. Thompson, Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, Dr.W. Gilman Thompson, Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. Merrill, Myles Tierney, William B. O. Field, Ogden Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, Jame: ‘o Hon. Ogden L. Mills, W anderbilt,
Forest, J piste Morgan, Felix M. Warburg, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Paul M. Warburg,
rof. W. ies, hana R. Newbold, H. H. Westinghouse, Daniel ae ae C. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Winthrop, J. Horace ae Prof. Henry F. Osborn,
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs, Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton ean, Miss Harriette Rogers, Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. Gustav pe Kissel, Mrs. N. L. Britton.
s. A. A. Low, M Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. jas MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, Evert
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs, W. G. ee Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perking irs, Cabot W
Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Hororary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompeots. Mrs. John I. Kane. Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
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Vol. XXI November, 1920 No. 251
FOURN AL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS Pace Visit to Botanical Institutions in England... 1.2... tee eerie 197 Notes, News and Comment... ..- + este eee ttt ee ere 208 J NTECCENTTP: eal ait a EWM PUREE CUI EGRESS WRC Pe 210
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Art 41 NortH Queen Street, Lancastsr, Pa,
Tus New Era Printinc Company
OFFICERS, 1920
Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON " FRANCIS ei a STETSON Vick-PRESIDENTS EDWARD D MS TreasuRER—JOHN L. ME RRILL aaecaviay eae ree DE LA MONTAGNE Szcretary—N. L. BRITTON
. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires ee
N. L. BRITTON WIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HE nRY W. vE FOREST ae R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires spice PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH nee WISOH MURRY GUGGENHEIM FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
MYLES TIERNEY
Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L, MERRILL ROBERT W. > FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
2. EX-OFFICIO ampige cy Tue Mayor or THE City or New York HON. JOHN F. HY ‘LAN Tue PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC Parks HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL F, FREDERIC S. LEE , DR. NICHOLAS ee BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRA PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ay OF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. eae ON, Director-in-Chi ef (Development, Administration) GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN kK SMALL, ae Ceol of the Museums (Flowering Plants) MUR L, Supervisor of Public Instruction Plants
OUT e Labi DR JOHN. HENDLEY BA ENDART, Bibliographar SARA ARLOW, Librarian R. H. H. RUSBY, jac Curator of the Economic Pale ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M i Plan
eer TER rc pee . a partes of Build ings and Grow KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Tacheucitiae
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Voy. XXI November, 1920 No. 251
REPORT BY THE DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF UPON A VISIT TO BOTANICAL INSTITUTIONS IN ENGLAND
To THE ScIENTIFIC DIRECTORS OF THE NEw York BOTANICAL GARDEN
Gentlemen: By permission of the Board of Managers, I was absent from New York during the period August 7 to October 12, 1920, engaged in botanical studies in England, accompanied by Mrs. Britton. Nine years had oe since our last visit to Europe, and many problems had arisen in the course of our work in development, installation and in ee ation which an examination of the older English botanical establishments, and studies of their collections could not fail to be helpful in
ht home i
a
mai $a changes of duplicate diate oe Bae a of value to our col- lections
Most of our time was, naturally, spent at the Royal Botanic Gardens at ce ill the most important ee institution in the ld; it w very great pleasure to learn, at and,
part of.our visit, but returned before we ca ere cordially welcomed by Captain Arthur W. Hill, ee a 197
198
tor, and by others of the staff. We found all parts of the estab-
library and herbarium in excellent condition and all considerably developed. Ou ight at returning was sadly marred by le of the death, a few before, of our very dear old friend,
ic) > o = 3 ot © 2 ie} a. a » =} fan
relatives of Beeches, from extreme southern South America,
the mos gence of har wood trees. ea are 0 ct
foliage almost indistinguishable from that of their American er was fort in bei t
and he told me ma: ny t ings. He pointed out to me the great desirability of i a large scale in hybridiz- g forest trees in Gan (0; get the advantage of the more rapid
199
growth of selected hybrids than that of either parent, and sug- ation, as he believed that better results from such experimentation could be obtained at some
The wealth of hee at comme elsewhere in souther: England, makes yne envio of the dam al eee which ev ainfa
charge dendron and Azalea plantations at Kew have been greatly expanded in recent years, along both sides of a path eral dred feet in le : rfully attractive mass of evergreen aaa in th
e herbaceous plantations shared the gee janes of the wood he ceoe of Kni. Red Pokers) was of especial interest, many kin ae in maximum bloom in nd were pronounced by Mr. Burtt-
y, who i Kew with Mrs rtt-Davy, occupied in writing a Flora of the vaal, to be more elegant Yy are in
we had never seen 1 om before, many of them from souther. gions, none perhaps more beautiful than the Michaelmas Daisies (North American Asters), represented by numerous
species, and the American Golden-rods. Of ee ee interest
200
to us were two of the wild species of Dahlia, reminding us of the great collection of Dahlias brought’ together by our Dr. Howe, now in full bloom at
The famous Kew feck ganien was as fascinating as ever, with its great number of species; it has been modified recently w were
0
valent cloudy weathe Here, as in ma ther rock-gardens, species not naturally living among rocks are-freely a in order to increase the variety of plants shown uite unexpe ample t the erican Turtle-
expected for example to see orth A heads (Chelone), and our blue Lobelia, plants typical of wet woodlands and swamp-borders, growing among dry rocks at the top of a slope!
The collections under glass were as instructive as — and many species were here also seen by us for the first time. he D f fl .
ry) . B
sent by Mr. W.
ccessions and re reminy de du us of our of them
kn Everyone at all familiar with Palms ki odern monograph of the Palmac and their enormously important products wou e a gre oon to science and to
C H. Bailey and with other experts; the Kew collections and
201
our own would form a basis for an investigation which might
studies in the American and O orld tropics, requiring sever: several years’ work by trained investi: llectors, comparable with the investigation of the Cactus il
Prof . Cockerell of the University of Color- ad 's. Cockerell were studying at Ke ritish Museum and we talke th them fr on tters of
tual est; he was ie in eo the collection of
detail and oo from thi ch i ais Se whi
of value in the completion of our investigatio A f the
second volume of our monograph, published in Washington on
September 9, reached me in to consider it, as well as
first — with . A. Rolfe, the member e Kew
staff w: the ee éélieeriein of cacti in charge,
we ex net every specimen there; he rearranged ihe collection accordai th the treatment of genera included i
in nce wi publiche ed volumes ae ‘ had onpolted, the determinations of which were
Gite. numerous. The Kew collection is very incomplete. I propose ae. we prepare specmiens 0 m. oe series er
in or ade ler that a good representation of the species may be avail- able there for study, and this proposition was cordially oS by Sir David Prain. I also annotated determinations of names upon a large number of the living cacti, and we may advanta-
a i : pleasure of meeting Professor R. Chodat of the University of Geneva, who had been attending the meeting of the British
202
cages for the Advancement of Science, and w. i tudies of Cacti by specimens and notes oben eo him in eee uay a few years ago The great orchid collections at ae: living plants, herbarium specimens, paintings and sketches, is one of the most important Ro 4
of them is profound; he retires soon ae the a staff in ac-
can $ i a scientific man taking a course so des icably unscientific; it is or
arn t. collection rapidly. Through expenditure of a portion of our Special Develop: ner Fu ne of 1920, subscribed by members, I was enabled London booksell iderabl number of rare volumes needed in our library, and Mr. Skan me
©) presi a ra: s at seaeonable prices; the, expenditure of several than dollars within the next year would be an excellent investm
One my principal objects in visiting English botanical institutions at this time was to obtain determinations of a large ber of specimens from northern South America in our own
2038
collections, by comparison with named specimens at Kew, at t ritish Museum of Natural History and in the hediagian
I Pp pose I selected and took with me in two large chests several b
and by ourselves in Trinidad early in r920. I was fortunate
in obtaining for this somewhat heavy piece of work, the nearly
continuous aide Mr. N. E. Brow; nee bs ie Kew staff, ized ded
retired. needed, but I left a few ee with ta Brown for ee investigation. The results of ou that many species new to science are included in the collections ¢ r
4
a large, but incompletely w up, so that while in many cases’ e were able to match specimen we were unable to find pub-
al were e transmitted to Professor Lecomte, Director of the Paris ns
d to me at New York; the specimens sent were Scrophulariaceae, a family now under study by our 1. I also took no
r nel tes upon the sedges of northern South America in the Kew collections as written up by the late Mr larke, who studied them for many years, for future
use in cataloging them; his monograph of this family remains un Apuple he Mr. Brown showed us, a his home, the very ‘ts {sc th
African N
he i as ae together after many years’ effort, for nea and descriptions; we arranged with him for obtaining a series of photographs of these wonderful plants
204
Other members oF the Rey staff rues me in various yee Mr. T. A. Sprague, some years ago, helped with some determinations and I discussed
in e
fewer plates annually, as in the case of our Addisonia
gave us oppor e in pleasant ena It will
land. We learned with much interest of the progress = bibliographic work in the preparation of a new edition of the nu otani nd rtaken in 1913 by the Royal Horticultural Society in eration with Kew, th
Briti: m s, no a the pearance of this ae catalogue of some
vening wit r. fo) , formerl of i. oe er ycologist of the of Agriculture, we discussed the possibility o. ing the
and Mrs. Cotton; cus: ssib f ma recently established journal Botanical Abstracts, published in the United States, a truly international record of current botanical
205
literature, to occupy the place of the Botanisches Centralblatt, deceased, of which Dr. Cotton had been one of the editors
their chien through Kew on one afternoon and Mr Corporation with Mrs. Lane on another.
vie of Mrs. Britton’s time at Kew was devoted to studies of the Moss Collections gig special PrLerence to her work upon the West Indian species. li the Trinidad moss specimens preserved at Kew, for use a determining the large series pee by her in the forests of that island, and sh was able
accepted their invitation as regards the Mosses. indly proffered aid in our South American studies ‘will
206
send us some duplicate specimens in exchange; he had already
Britton, formerly of the Museum staff, now retired, relative to
the publication of the Journal of Botany, of which he has been i pee years; ; advane ed costs of printing, pea:
eriously eearer the continua-
wit re
tion of this pial founded i in 18
greatly enjoyed two days at Gal cae the .
of Dr. G. Claridge Druce and Professor . Vin The
ancient botanical garden of Oxford Un. ene some 300 years t in
the University gardens and grounds, and we are also indebte
207
to him and to Mrs. Vines for charming eens we talked about the history, progress and nes of botanical sc. A delightful visit was made to Cambridge as guests of Mr. ohn C. Willis and Mrs. ee nd the University eee Garden there was studied with pleasure and profit under value guidance by our hosts, ae . F. G. Preston, superintendent of the Garden, and by Miss ren of the School of Botany. hi:
a oO
plant We ussed wit. r. Willis many of the problems of geographical distribution and mutation of plants, t h Iven C ttention in recent years from dat
Forest, which we reached by motor-car from aac.
while awaiting our sailing f and now understand the fascination this great reservation has Il nature-lovers We are grateful to officers of th t acai Mercantile Marine pany for their care of the ic specimens taken with us for study on the “ Phila sone a brought back on the e ork,”’ and for othe ‘ors. e most aes consideration concerning botanical science which has deeply impressed itself upon me after this
interesting me is one which J already a some Seenieance of. It is that the l institutions of the United d their older, sister institutions of England are undermanned scientifi- cally. The k
increased by leaps and bounds through exploration, experimen- tation and discovery; the collections of the institutions have
208
correspondingly increased, but the personnel of their staffs has not. For the organization of this vastly increased knowledge,
ar. a collections and the presentation of results of investigation the public, it is essential that provision for additional experts ade
io}
Respectfully submitted, N. L. Britton, Director-in-Chief.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT Dr. Marshall A. Howe lectured on “Dahlias and their Culture” h Si on Ria er 10, and on September 29 he acted as one of the
judges at the annual dahlia show of the Short Hills Garden Club at nee Hills, New Jers
Members of the Nature Committee of the peed Cio p
League an
especially to study autumn coloration. They were acompanied
fey eir tour through the grounds by members of the Garden The pian nes recently received as a gift from Mr. Lee G.
Daya ly 400 orchid plants, representing
e 30 ger Ss. These were shipped directly from Brazil and
decorative flowers and promises to be a valuable addition to the present display in conservatory range 2
: Britton and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the Field ce Museunt: ne aan 26 The Bahama Flora, an‘ octavo volume of viii + 695 pages, describing or listing with
209
appropriate keys the known flora of the group of islands. The work is based on the long-continued explorations of the islands by the authors, assisted by members of the Garden ae es others. The chapters on the lower cryptog by Mrs, N. L. Britton (mosses), Dr. ener W. Evans eae etal Dr. L. W. Riddle eee Dr. M. A. Howe and the lat
. S. Collins Spc . Boyer (diatoms), and oe Fs . cae and Dr. W. A. wee (fungi).
Meteorology for September. The total precipitation for. t mon ‘as 5.01 inche
t he maximum t ratures eel for eac eek were 80° on the 3d, 88° o on 2th, ee 80° on the 24th. The minimum t anne were 50°
the 3d, 54° on the oth, 19° on the 20th, 49° on the
e American Rose Society held a regular meeting at the mber 2 he m
e herbaceous garden, conservatory range 1, the flower gardens in the vicinity, and the dahlia collection.
Professor William B. Brierly, of the new Institute of Plant Pathology of Rothamsted, England, visited the Garden on Octo- b ; :
research in phytopathology. On October 9, he sailed for England, taking with him the good wishes of everyone who met
210
ork is actively in progress on the construction of a stone
and a wall and fence along the east side of the same street. is is hee accomplished through the bequest of the late Mrs. y J. Kingsland.
The Cherry Garden Shelter House, the gift of Dr. N. L. Britton and Mrs. Britton in honor of the late Judge Ciles and Mrs. Daly, was opened October 28. number of
an tablet was unveiled. A photograph o ae house will appear in a later issue of the JouRNAL.
ACCESSIONS
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM JUNE 1 TO OCT. 31. BapGer, Mrs. C. Wild flowers drawn and colored from nature. New York, 1859. ce ven a Mrs. Fannie Griscom Parsons.) BONPLAND, AIME JACQUES ALEXANDRE, - awe FRIEDRICH ae
grinatione Orbis novt clleerint in ordinem digessit C. S. Kunth. 7 vols. Lutetiae Parisiorum, 1815~18: Britton, NATHANIEL Lorp, & Maes AUGH, CHARLES FREDERICK. The Bahama ora. New York, 1920. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.) BRITTON, NATHANIEL Lorp, & ig eae a The Cactaceae. Vol. 2. buy 53
b Burpon, KATHERINE JANET. A nae es St. Kitis-Nevis. London, 1920.
iven by Dr. N. ri n.
Duccar, yous Mince. Fungous diseases of plants. Boston, 1909.
ENGLER, ADOL Bei sur Entwi pein der Hochgebirgsfloren erldutet an a Viwdiing der Saxifragen. Berlin, 1916. (Given by Dr. N. L Britton.
Fawcett, WILLIAM, & RENDLE, ALFRED BarTON. Flora of Jamaica. Vol. 4, London, 1920. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
Heprick, ULYSSES Prentiss. Manual of American grape-growing. New York,
1919. Jacquin, NicoLaus Joser von. Fragmenta botanica. Viennae Austriae, 1809. Jacquin, Nicolaus JOSEF VON. Stapeliavum in hortis vindobensibus cultarum.
indobonae, 1806, PANTOCSEK, JésEr. Beitrége zur Kenntnis der fossilen Bacillarien Ungarns.
Vols. 1-3 Ed. 2. Berlin, 1903-05.
211
ANDE, BAKHUYZEN, HENDRIK LEO VAN DE. he stemmings- ean ein. Groningen, 1920: toes, by Dr. N. -_ Paouar SAUNDERS, ain d ‘k, 1920. Given b Robert M. apa -) ee ee. ymbolae antillanae. Vol. 8, rt. Berlin, 1920. VriEs, HuGo DE. Opera e periodicis collata. wae » 4. Utrecht, r9r8-20, ZENKER, JONATHAN KARL, SCHLECHTENTHAL, & LANGETHAL, CHRISTIAN EDUARD. Flora von Thiiringen. 12 vols, 836-55.
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM
(Collected by Dr. W. A. ne : ska. (By exchange with t!
and Canada.
7 ena.
specimens of mosses from Colorado and Ala:
ne States National Museum. I speci s from Washington. (By exchange with Professor T. C,
Frye.) f fi Florida (By exchange" with Mr. Severin Rapp.) f (By S. W. Stanfield.) (By chars with Broltic: Leon.) a.
27 specimens of mosses and hepatics from Cub: (By exchange with Brother
Hioram.
i specimen of Hapalopilus gilous from Ulinois. (By exchange with Dr. P. S.
Gara.)
9 specimens of west and fleshy fungi from southern Florida. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L.
2 are of he nevadense from California. (By exchange with Dr. A. S, Rho:
r. B, B. Higgins.)
I specim Merulius from Georgia. (By exchange with 6 eee of fungi from Colorado. (By exchange with aA Ellsworth pine imens of cup fungi from California. (By exchange with Professor Ells- ea Bethel. 38 specimens of Ascomycetes from various localities. (By exchange with Dr.
W. H. Long.) SS of Tylostoma mammosum from Utah. (By exchange with Professor
A. O, Garrett.) 8 specimens ‘Fungi Wisconsinenses Exsiccati.’’ (Distributed by Dr. J. J.
Davis.)
432 specimens ‘‘West American Fungi.” (Distributed by Dr. David snes
23 specimens of fungi from Washington. (By exchange with Mr. Geo. Zundel.)
1 specimen of Xanthoporia Andersonit from Maryland. (By exchange with Dr. 1o. C, Hedgcock.)
100 specimens ‘‘North American Uredinales" fascicle 22. (Distributed by Mr. Elam Bartholomew.)
94 aaccueeiter eapanense of flowering plants from Europe. (By exchange
‘ew, England.
75 specimens of oon from Switzerland. (Distributed by Dr. C. Meresch-
kwosky.)
212
57 specimens a orchids from South America. (By exchange with the Royal on Kew, Eng and.) is i i (Given
by Mr. Arthur Huger. 69 ii imens of lichens from western North America. (Given by Dr. Albert
C. Herre. ‘
LT eee of box-huckleberry from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. H. A.
oY
War en by Mr. D, A. Saunders.)
; ‘ (Give 52 bata of flowering plants from western Neath America. (By exchange,
with Virginia. (Given by Dr. W. A. ait I sp f Sel igi (Given by Dr. J. C. Nelson.) rt New England. (Given by Mr. Charles F. Sain der.) A. L. Stone:) 6 specimens of flowering plants from Florida. (Given by Mr, Severin Rapp.) I speci of Vaccinium crassifolium from North Carolina. (Given by Mrs.
men Walter = Devereux, Jr.) 1130 specimens of flowering plants from British Guiana. (Collected by Pro- fessor A. S. Hitchcock.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, 7 Montgomery cei Chas. Lathrop Pack, Fritz Achelis, dward S. Harkness, Phipps, Edward D ms, i) RA. a R. Pierson, Charles B. rae J. Amory Haskell, James R. ais Vincent A T. A. Havemeyer, Ira John W. lee A. Heckscher, Hon ae S. Prall George aker, Bernhard Hoffmann, Charles F, Rand, Stephen Bakes, ae R. Hoyt, Ogden Mills Reid, Edmund L, Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, ee Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H. n, W. Emlen Roosevelt, George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, rtimer L, Schiff, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albi oux, Albert R. Shattuck, rpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, ry A. Siebrecht, of. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, illiam Sloane, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, 0: - V. Everit Macy, James Speyer, (o ; dgar L. Marston, Francis L. Stetson, Samuel W. J. Matheson, Frederick Strauss, Edmund C. Converse, ir. William H. Maxwell, F.K Marin Le Brun Cooper, George Pea BB ‘aul D. Cravath, merson McM: aly md Disco: Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter ie Dr.W. Gilman Thompsen, Samuel W. Fairchild, ohn L. Merrill, Myles Tierney, Willia F Ogden Mills, ouis C. Tiffan James r Ogden L. Mills, W. K. Vanderbilt, ry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, Felix M. Warburg, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Paul M. Warburg, Prof. W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, Heo. Ea Daniel Guggenheim, C.D. No ion Bronson Winthro Murry Guggenheim, Eben E. Olco' Grenville L. Pree J. Horace Harding, Prof. Henry : ‘Oibon
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, aes Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, . Robert Bac Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, — Miss Harriette Rogers, Miss Elizabeth Bling me Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, Mrs. N. L. B s. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, Mrs. Charles D. pe = Charles Sur ge Mrs. Theron G. Strong, Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Eve: Mrs. Henry O, Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Henry cet Mrs. W. G. Thompso1, Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkin Mrs, Cabot Ward. Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Mrs. E.Henry Harriman, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompsoa. Mrs. John I. Kane, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
$. Benefactors e contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest entitles the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden 2. Patrons
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 3. Fellows for Life
The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 4, Fellowship Members
ellowship members pay $100.00 or more pecan gs! and become fellows for life when their $1,001
&, Seataaitel Members
Sustaining isa ae from $25.00 to so 00 panne and become fellows for life when the
6. ae Masten Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. All members are entitled to the following privileges:
Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of
Managers. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board
»
of Managers. A copy of all handbooks published by the Garden. A copy of all annual reports and Bulletins.
copy of the monthly Journal. Privileges of the Board Room
7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00.
ELE send
Information Pe are invited to ie any este they desire to have answered mn botanical or f Doc will accompany any members trough the Me and buildings any sy pil leaving Museum Building at 30
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequzath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York. Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of ;
Vol. XXI December, 1920 No, 252
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
H. A. GLEASON
Assistant Director
CONTENTS
PAGE
Administrative — Act of Incorporation... - ee eet eet es 213 Gorintitrtloner cect uate aioli ay oy ohn. ttn Pov awleiat ba scans Penis; jk vero g may 'n 218 oh AS lah OP an Eee TSR Sarai gre a at ae et a Ua a BEC ea 220 > isbreNly for the Office of stcentoaapes EUR a5. Meet cho ieearep 224 ‘ovisions for Contributing Membership ...- +--+ + ees sees 235 hes of the Charter ef the City er New York for Maintenance. . . . 226 Notes, News and Comment... 1. +--+ +s eet r rr teres 228 PORTS? 4 be palo aeA GOL Sy CRORO Scare, CaCO ek I gOst Ea ac eke a RECENT 229
PuBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Av 4x Nontm Quzgw Sragnt, Lancastza, Pa.
Tun New Era Printine Company
OFFIOERS, 1920
Presipent—W. GILMAN THOMPSON
Vice-Prrsipgent EDWARD D. ADAMS REASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
ASSISTANT TREAsuURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE
Szcretary—N, L, BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 19:
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RU THERFURD MORRIS HENRY’ W. pg FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON Term expires pects PAUL D. CRAVATH DOLPH LEWISOHN MURRY GUGGENHEIM MYLES TIERNEY Term expires cae 1923 EDWARD D. ADAMS NL ne mag ROBERT W. vz FOREST i Sy MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
a. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tue Mayor or THE City or New Yore HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLiIc PARKs HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. ek ae bag
ROF. R. A. H ER, Chai EUGENE P. BICKNELL a OF. FREDERI IC S. LEE R. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRAL PROF. WILLIAM J. GI F. HE T M. RICHARDS PROF, JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. M L. BRITTON, Director-in-C hief (Developm ent, Administration)
Curt GEORGE vy. “NASH, He ad Gardene: rand Curator of Pieided OUT, eee of the Laboratories DR. Tou, HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer H H. HARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Col ses Mos
TON, Honorary Curator DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plast DR. 0 Chemist
ineer fs count
ARTHUR, Oy CORE BETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXI December, 1920
No. 252
ACT OF INCORPORATION AS AMENDED BY CHARTER 103 OF THE LAWS OF 1894, CHAPTER 717 OF THE awe OF 1896 AND CHAPTER 473 E LAWS OF I9I CHAPTER 28,
N T to provide for the establishment of a botanic garden and museum and arboretum, in Bro: Park, in the City of New York, and to ae The New York Botanical Garden for carrying on the
same. Approved by the Governor April 28, 1891. Passed, three- Ae being present.
The People of the State of New York, Oe hs in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:
Chandler, Touis Fae Theodore W. Myers,
T
he Corporation
214
William C. Schermerhorn, Oswald Ottendorfer, Albert Gallup, Timothy F. Allen, Henry R illiam G Ch i
ash, Richar ; Thomas Hogg, Nelson Smith, Samuel W. Fairchild, Robert Maclay, Willia: Wood, Oclut, Charl Cox,
Purposes of hereby constituted and created a body cor the Garden _ the name of The igs Yo i
decorative horticulture and gardening, and for the entertainment,
recreation and instruction of the people. Powers of the Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have all such cor- Corporation
ae powers, and may take and hold
act; and may from time to time alter or modify i
215
constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations, and shall be subject to the provisions of Title 3, of Chapter 18,
of the first part of the Revised Statutes.
EC affairs of the said corporation shall be B managed and controlled by a Board of agers as follows e president of Columbia College, the professors of botany, of geolo a ° emistry therein, the president of the Torrey Botanical Club, a e ident of the Board of Education of the
shall hold office for one year, three for two years,
may be needed to fill vacancies in unexpired terms
Board of Managers
Scientific
d Directors
e Director-in- e Chief
Representa- tives of the
ai
Elective
+ Managers
Officers
Quorum of the
Corporation
Original Endowment
Grounds in Bronx Park 250 Acres
216
shall be elected saa pursuant to the by-laws of atio. The number of
the corpor elective managers ei aa by vote of the corporation, whose terms and election shall be as above provided; an embe y from time to time the Scientific Directors by a majority vote of the Scientific Directors, approvi yy a majority vote e d nagers. The Board of nagers shall elect from their number a President, Secretary a Treasurer, none of whom or of the Boa Managers, sa retary and Treasurer, shall receive any
compensation for his services. Nine corporators shall co: ae a quorum at any — of the incorpor- ors, but a less number may adjou EC. 5. Whenever the said Sete shall have
hereby authorized and directed to construct and equip
217
within the said grounds so alloted, ee to plans Construction of
approved by them and by said Boa nagers, a of Buildings
ulture of tender or other pea Pea
aia Sic te authorized to be issued by th ; the us
th mee stated in this act. And for the purpose of iding means therefor, it shall be the duty of the Cae of the City of Ne , upon being thereto requested by said Commissioners, upon being authorized thereto by the f Estimate and A ti
rt e from taxation, agzregnting the sum of ave bended thousand dollars,
three and one- half per centum per annum, and to be redeemed within a period of time not longer than thirty years from the date of their issue.
EC. 5-a, The Board of Estimate and Apportion-
Yo ny part of that cit
d appropriated to be described more particularly in
218
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment hereby oy (Chapter 2 Laws of 1914. The
ged ee e grounds set apart, as above provided, the Pi be used for no re purposes than authorized
y this act, and no intoxicating liquors shall be sold or
allowed thereon. For police purposes and for the
cc) , the said
Grounds open sha! and tee daily Sundays, subject to such restrictions only as to
sali i ay require; d its educational and scientific privileges shall be open to all alike, male and . female, up h necessary regulations, terms an
mi conditions as shall be prescribed by the managers of those departments.
SEC. 7 This act shall tak
ff, : q: ]
CONSTITUTION ARTICLE I The provisions of the act of incorporation approved April 28, 1891, as amended by Chapter 103 of the laws of 1894, approved March 7, 1894, are, in pursuance of Section 3 of said act, adopted and form a part o this Constitution. : ARTICLE Il A President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer shall be elected ba by the Board of a
Election of Officers ers from their number in the manner provided
219 by section 4 of the act of incorporation; and the persons so elected shall respectively be the President, Vice- si etary and Board of Managers and of the corporation. There shall also be
anagers until the next annual election.
ARTICLE II
The Scientific Directors and the Board of Managers may respectively appoint such other persons and such Appointment committees to aid in the performance of the duties of committees and business their respective departments as they shall deem bes:
ARTICLE iV.
The Scientific Directors and the Board of Managers are each authorized to ak oan By dena oe and B regulations in their all be a lee and nee by them oo ona also to ie or Regulations
end the same from time to time; and the same ae so adopted by them, shall be Mee the by-laws, rules and regulations of the ea
pe of
ARTICLE V
Associate aie may be admitted, ee or Associate expelled in the manner provided for by the rules Members adopted . s Board of Managers.
ARTICLE VI
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows-for-Life, Fellowship ties Life staining bers, Life Mem mbers
= @ 3 ion ® bet - yn i= 4 ® my
Annual Members may be created S the Board of fetes al Managers and admitted upon the ment of Members all
ARTICLE VI Amendments mendments to this Constitution not incompatible to Constitution with the ac: of incorporation may be made by a vote of four-fifths a the members ee at any regular meeting of rat any special meeting called for the Burpee by ce Secretary, upon th direction of the President, on ten days’ prior notice by mail of such meeting and of the proposed amendments.
BY-LAWS I Annual The annual meeting for the election of manager Meeting and of additional membe ers es be foro on fa
of the be held in the City of New Y: onday Corporation in January. A notice of such meeting shall be mailed by ber
Managers, upon like notice, and with notice of the proposed increase
President and — At all meetings of the corporation and of the Board
Vice-president of Managers, the President shall preside; or, in his absence, one of the Vice-Presidents. The President, or either Vice-President, is authorized to approve bills of the Garden against city maintenance appro- priations
il Meeting of the The managers shall hold an annual meeting on the Board of second Monday in January, following the annual Managers meeting of the corporation. ther regular meetings of the managers shall be held on the third Thursdays of April, June and November. Special meetings may be held by direction of the President, or, in his absence, by the direction of either Vice-President
ive managers shall Suen a quorum at any
Quo
of meeting of the Board of Managers, providing that sae Board of ager:
not more than two are Scientific Directors
ve Committees of the Board of Managers, to be ap- pointed by the Board at each annual meeting, shall include:
An Executive eeieiaa A Finance Com
Special committees may be appointed at an meeting, and may be composed of managers, of members of the corporation, or of both
VI e Executive Committee shall consider all matters e Board of Manage
consist of seven members, including the President, Treasurer and Secretary. The Committee shall an- nually elect a chairman
The Finance Commitee ai advise the Treasurer concerning investmen aeaik jeibegiea of perm:
nent funds, and sha tk real estate as may become the property of he: Corporation. It shal! consist of three members, including the Treasurer.
VIII e Membership Committ ttee ee consist three hall
Fellows for Life, Patrons and Benefactors
Committees
Executive
s Committee
Fina: ommittee
Membership
nual Committee
Endowment Committee
Treasurer
Assistant Treasurer
Secretary
Quorum Scientific Directors
Officers of Scientific
Directors
The object of the Committee on Endowment is to i ia nes of the members
President, Treasurer and of the Board of Managers.
x The Treasurer shall collect, receive and disburse the funds of the ao oration as curected by ie Board o:
Managers funds as oe ised by the Finance es He shall report to the managers at all stated meetings.
xa The Assistant Treasurer shall perform all duties of the Treasurer during the latter’s absence or disability. XI The ae shall give notice of all meetings of the th
directed by the corporation, the Board of Managers, the Executive Committee
A majority of the Scientific D a quorum at any meetin
XIII
The Scientific Directors shall elect a Chairman and Secretary, who sha fice until their successors re elected, and perform the duties which usually
a pertain to these offices.
Regular meetings of f the Scientific Directors shall be held on the second Saturdays of April, June, me and December, and special meetings may be held pursuant to call by the Chairman
XV e Women's Auxilliary shall consist of at least twelve members. Additional members may be elected at any meet f the manag ter nominatio by the Auxiliary. This committee shall aid an- agers in conducting receptions and other public func- tions, in obtaining contributing members, and in s her objects as be Bene to it by the Board of Mana: Honorary members of the Women's Aux-
by the +4 nomination by the Auxiliary.
XVI The election of managers and of additional members
demanded by some member, whereupon the vote shall be taken by ballot.
xv
Amendments to the By-Laws may be made at any meeting by a vote of a majority of the entire Board of Managers and by the unanimous vote of a quorum
Meetings of Scientific Directors
Wom Nets
Elections to. be by ballot
Amendments to By-Laws
lo te pe
REGULATIONS FOR THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR- HI
1. The Director-in-Chief is the Executive Officer of the Gar- den, and is responsible to the Board of Managers, and to the Scientific oe for the general management and control of all its departmen He shall ca and efficiently carry out all their regulations and directions, and be responsible for the proper maintenance and good order of the buildings and grounds.
2. He may from time to time make recommendations for the
pend, and, on approval of the appropriate committee or board, to discharge.
4. He shall make all necessary purchases of tools, implements and supplies for the Garden as authorized, and shall be respon- sible for the proper inventory, care, and use of the same
all examine, correct a certify all bills- jaeured under
$ vouchers, shall at all times be open to inspection by members of the Board. 6. He shall keep a copy of his official correspondence.
ui
7 barium, the rary a the seum, and the collections of living plants and trees, by correspondence, by e es 0: duplicates not needed, and by purchases, so far as means e-
for are placed at his disposal.
225
. He shall report to the Board of Managers, the Scientific Directors, or special comimittees, in such manner and at such times as they may direct.
9. He shall make no expenditures and incur no liabilities, except under appropriations made by the Board.
. He devote his whole time and energies to the pro- ioton of the Garden interests, and shall not engage in any outside work except with the approval of the Board or the Executive Committee
n o BS 4
PROVISIONS FOR CONTRIBUTING MEMBERSHIP . Benefactors—The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to re funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest aie the con- tributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons.—The Pater of $5,00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest aa entitle the con- tributor to be a Reus of re Ga: den
ws for Life-—Th t tion of $1,000.00 or more to
ae pn of the Cade en at any one time shall entitle the con- ribw . to be a fellow for life of the Garden.
d aad Members.—Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more peta ee fellows for life ae their payments sees ae Co}
5. Sustaining Members: —Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become fellows for life when their
000.00. al Members.—Annual members pay an annual fee of
memb 1. Tickets to all lectures -given under the auspices of Board of Managers. . Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of we Board of Managers. . A copy of all handbooks published a - Garden.
7. Life Members——Annu: ci Menhes fag! become Life Mem- bers by the payment of a ie of $250.0
226
Form of Bequest.—I hereby bequeath to The New York Botanical Garden en lane under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the of
PROVISIONS OF THE CHARTER OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK FOR MAINTENANCE
he It shall be the duty of tk issi for the boroughs Manhattan and Richmond to maintain the meteorological
are or may hereafter be erected in any park, ae or af Babi
It shall be the duty of the commissioner for the dee of x to maintain the New York Botanical Garden and the suc in
jurisdictions, and, wi e authority of the board of aldermen, to 1 d improve the same, and to erect additional build- ings; but t aintenance of al! such buildings and institutions shall s t to the provisions of t ncorporating said
Ss institutions, or either of them, and the acts amendatory thereof h of t
boards by such acts created or provided for; and shall also be subject to and in conformity with such contr racts pas dusenaiiial as have heretofore been made with s
1
227 .
and are in force and effect when this act takes effect, or as may
o mon
appropriation therefor has been made by the board of estimate
and apportionment and the Doar of uuu Out of the f p
lly appropriated for arks each commissioner ena apply such sum as shall be bel by the
o
buildings or institutions now situated or hereafter erected in th
essrs. Vaux and Parsons, and filed with the former department of public parks of the corporation known as the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of the city of New York
. 228
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
e afternoon of November 20, Miss Slater brought a ure th e
ended a lecture in one aad Range 2 by Dr. Gleason on Tp ropical Beverage Plant:
Meteorology for October: The total precipitation for the as 1.38 inc he: maximum temperatures ee: ie 27th. The mi Pp tures were 43° the 6th and the a 39° on the 24th, and 34° on the soa
The following visiting botanists enrolled in the library during f Alfred C. Hot ib
the autumn: Professor re . Hottes, Columbus, Ohio, Professor Etienne Foex, Paris, France, Dr. Norma E. Pfeiffer,
an ,N.D., G artin and Mr. Elba E. Watson, New Brunswick, ; C. Fraser, Ithac , Dr Emmeline Moore, Al Y., Mr. Ww ehl and
r. eal West, D. C., Professor Frederic E. Gene nts, Tucson, Ariz., Prof. H. M. Hall, Berkeley, Calif.
and Dr. Roland M. Harper, oie Point, L. I.
ana belie. 16 i About. pauiownia trees 72 calyph ae \ccessions, see N. Y. Botanical Garden kct of Incorporation 213 clinos perm:
Aims ano mained of plant breeding, The
Akemine, M. 193 Alder 163 Alexander, J. K. 138 Algae 61, 102, 194 Cc. L. 138 8
163 ‘Abencniherd 88 American Iris Society, Organization of the 39 American Rose Society 209
Andrews, A. L. Publications during 919 65 Andropogon bicornis 130 glomeratus 130 pertusus panormilanus 130 i plier ans
phelandra 105 f Laie 149 ralia 88
bb bh
z
=
3 23 SP se
g
=
=
=
3
4
uM
es
jenium conti pl. 244, opp. pa
heter och 70: platynuron re 17I, 175 ver eCun
cuba ‘a stin,
88 C.F.
Baccharis 124 hi I : a
36 Aur pects 98 Azal
iano, Carmelo 90 yi
PRESSE SRP REO Ee a Ra 4 rat a. a] = a7 "i ° On
124, 180, 2
-H.4 ications a durin I9IQ 6 65
18 Beard-tongue Becker, H.
Beet, si Bee
W. 9 Beebe, William 55 56, 132, 154 sug ar §, 6, 15
Bernie 88, a 114, 115, 116
oy
Benzoin Bernstsin. a 90 » TL A.V. rr
Bice I, 919 6.
PL ” publications during
230
ieee family 73 @ 59
Bladderwort ‘Femi
Bland,
2g ® aS Bes 8 5 o S 35 a Boo ew B . a 3 5
oyer, Ss. oynton, ha va 94 Collection: See auras IgIg 65 Boynton, k. Vocatio onal education
in gardening “for disabled ee con- valescent so! ee and sailor: race, 1. J. K.9 Brachiaria a orucantopiis 131 Bradley, Richard 3 L. M. 162, 172, 175
. 125 ana, Re er ort on a recent oe ae 249) 129
Britton, N. L.
118, 126, “60 Collections by 24, Publications daring 4
Britton, N. ne A ee ania Brien
to Trinidad 1
About paslownia: Gh trees 72 y the Dicetor nC ef i ical insti-
9, 42. So a 97, 99+
mn
tutions
a a pime ae ee 38 e W. Perkin
Britton, . & Re 1 e, J. Publi- cations pee er roadway, W. E.
106, 108, LI, 114, 117 5
Burymannig 106, 114 urns, F.C. 13) urroughs, John 55 urtt-Davy, J. 199 urtt-| » Mrs. J. 199 uthn, + iI3 utton-bush 6 ‘abbage, 89 142 pabbace: tree pl. 241, Opp. p. 29
Cab Cac S 107, 108, 109, 112, 16) quest t of ee (Pls. 251, Ane 161 an Opuntia + Cactus, Gohineal fig cock-spur 174 Family 201 aie in the Carolinas in winter (Pls. 251, 161 urks-head 1 alti carpa 58 ‘alvino, pe 179 ‘aly pso
inas in winter, Cactus hunting in in the a 251, 252) 161
‘arrot Family 115 trots 89 ‘alia 50 atalpa 59, 6
‘atesby, Mark 206 Cee
vopia I
Cedar, red- 170, 191 stinking 28 ba 142
Celery Celtis 3
enta: oe a maculata 192 Cepi casei oecidentales 60 Cephalocer Cera: Me 3. Cereus hexagonus 111 Ceri domes griseus 19T
retipes 191
Cerrone, aunOny: Jr. 90 Cestrum 8:
Chamaesy
Chamber ain, . 7 oe 193
Chelone 2 Cherries, Japanese 96 wild 9 Cherry garden shelter house 210 Chinese tulip-tree 198
Cinchona 106
a Loc) & 5 8 3
R. a ~ JK Britton, N. L. ae ees aes
Britton, Mrs. N. L. 24, 100, 196
231
Collectors Bush, B. F. Coker, Dorothy ck,
Conference ni 16, 41,
60, 78, 97 ieaaepee ee field ‘meetings of
pathologists and mycologists in New and 16
Consttuction work, see N. Y. Botanical Garden
Convalescent soldiers and sailors, Vo-
cational educat! and 8
orale berry 76
‘ovema 30 cae 166 oaks is 3 ‘ottam. - oe Harold 138
gees piolu 105 Croton: poh em paaaee prickly ~pear 168, pl. 169, 170 Crucger “Hermann Ily Cunninghamia 165
ion in gardening for 7
252,
‘uphea 88
uratol, paral 90 ‘urtis, J. G. 5
urtis, M. fer
nm 35 ¢ pers “Tiguloris TIy = nee one 246, 83, 86
koe a 83 81-86, 246, 2
a of Taxodium (Pls. aes
Cyortbea ium 150 arietinum ae 149 hivsutum 147
Daedalia juniperina 191 Dahlia 12, 40, 138 See border, ae 1920 138
Daly, Mrs. C. P. 210 Dana oF Dandeli
ym I § asics: Michaelmas 199 Da ou) be
Del ile, A. oe Delonix dies y 249, OPP. p. 132 eral ne
Dendrogr
Denis,
Denslow, en tM ok /ENSLOW, M. nee reflections gee sere hunter 1
Charles 2 Deseuatbos eee 17S Desmoncus 106, IT. Devaney, P. J. 9 De een Toh 32, SI
Dilleniu ime
Dionaea 1
Dirca 93 Director-in-Chief upon a visit to
botanical foie in England, ees of the Dixon, A. N, 20. ee Dockmackie ie 74 Docks, to = Dodge, B. O. 1 Dogbane amily 114 Dogwoed 35, 145 Donors Abbott, Adams, nace Alexander 100 Ashe, W. W. 8 oe »R. S. 2 22 atcheld er, C. F. 212 ecker, H. W. 80 ethel, Elisworth 196 ritton, rs. N. L. 196 ryant, L. 80 ‘onrad Slide and Projection Com- pany, The 23
S. 80 Cornell, Mrs. E. 80 le, R
. E. 99 ped Tree Expert Company,
> avon aiploass 22
oe
& ¢ g 3 £ FE ree as ga ce a = 8 8 8
ishlock, W. C. 22, 99 riedhof, George 100 eorge, D. S. 8 illiam, R. A. 80 ‘iven, Mrs. E. e Harper, R. M. Hawks, McDougal 4 6 lerre, A. C. 212 looker, Samuel 23
uger, ‘arthur 212 hnson, P. L. 23
Ludwig, C. A. Marsh, W. F. 99 . von D. W. 80
tek & Company 24 Mert L R. 80 Munson, I. V. & Company 23
ni furrill, W. A. a elson, J. C. 19 Parke, Davis & mea 24 arsons, Mrs. F. G. 160
Mr. ae
Dracae: OS:
eSHEE
Dunes, Of grottoes 241-242) 25; ‘Pls as 244) 4,
Dwight, Jonathan 19: Earle, 193 Ebony speenvor 171, 175 Echeveria 88 Eahinoc chlo pyramidalis 131 Haseena ei 195 Edm onds,
convalescent soldiers and_ sailors,
Eggleston, W. W. 139
and ver (Pls.
233
I neler
Eider r, a hern: ee: lobata 3
thiott. — Elliott, Stephen 20 im
mp impress tree 73 nalus 60 nn 177, 1 gland, ae ‘by the Director-in- Chief u jon sit to botanical
yonilichrh 8
adle, C. D. 21 Bethel, Ellsworth cs Bickelhaupt, WwW. H. Botanic Garden, Cen Canada 100 rotheri ureau of Plane Industry 80, 100 hamber: ‘oker, Ww C. nee node a
ne earness, Joh; Mrs. TR of chai eris
ALO. 2 23, C eel ‘survey a Canada 24 raves, A. H. 143 arris, J. A. 80 arshberger, J. W. 99 arvard Ea 22, 24 ace G. G. 2
ks & Son 80
234.
3, O. E.2 Leon, "Brother 22, oe arr orenz, Annie 2 Lu ue: ion -
2, F, E, 2: fcilser eerie ar
Stone, A. Thornton, Cc. W. 22 Trelease, William 100
fA
Gaet gee "National Museum 2
ne Exoch
eieeeriniie fs Trinidad, A botanical 101
Ex momen} in bed in Seer 918, he (Pls. 242) 2
‘abrizio, Michael 90
a nae 35- 38, ae 46, 63, 105, 106,
Hu ugue not- a Tes rec Or 37, 45 i 114
alking - 37 wood 3 ae 45 Ficus 88,
ne meetings of pathologists and New York ant nd ‘Connecticut,
Fischer, A. G.
10 ress and population in F lotida i in ‘Deoepiber ae A record cf
exploratio: 4I, 242) 2
4 E. 3 ‘rangipani pl. ‘Ho, Opp. p. 132 raser, A. C. reema!
Wee, te 106, 108, 110, III,
me 17
Tree ~
W. E. 189
Fungi 63, 64, 106, 191-193
Further reflections of an orchid-hunter 145
112, Fringe Fryer,
Galino, Felix 90 Gamble, J. S. a aaa oe R.A. 9 Garber: soldiers and sailors, Vocational edu- cation in 87 Gardner, N. L Gaston, ‘William 16a Gay-wi ing oe 105 Gelsem: Gene tic
spe! pee ee The 60-62
n » L. R. 161, 162, 175. 177
Gilmore, M. R. 1 Girdled by meadow mice, Trees 94
235
Gladiolus 89 pia as
Gladiolus 40 Henbit 1
Gleason, H. A. 39, 56, 118, 126, 2 Henderson, ae Ir2 pupueations during IQTQ 6 Henry A.
GLEASON, parr of the ices Ws Pe
pens iris ‘Society 39 Herbert
re inia Pas Herrington, Pate 55
God: Hervey, A.
Goldenred 34, 199
Hewitt, G.
oe evergreen 26 Hexagona ‘alreolaris I91
Gossypium 10 Hickory 26, ae ea IOI Grafting witty the aid of paraffin (Pl. Higgins, E. - 250) 157 Hill, A. W. Graham, Charles 90 ipbocrace™ rapes 139 History of the bearded iris, Notes on Grtioleas 8 the 181 aes G. F. 193 Hitchcock, Ss. ae a 165 Hitcucocx, . §. Report on a recen' Gresbler Benny 90 as ip to British Guiana (Pls. 248, a Grew, Nehemiah 2 Gross, D. W. 168 Hit ite! cheadk, Mrs. A. S. 129 133 Grottoes and ancient dunes, Of (Pls. fone Ge N. 139 ee pat (Pls. 243-244) 45 Hohm » E rd go Gui: ort on a re oo trip to Holden, Teaae 140 British ee 248, 249) 1. Hollick, Arthur. Publications during Gum, 45 ,
Habenaria ots 153, 154 152
bracteat Hollyhocks shag integra - Holt, P. E. 9 ven ae Ho!
iberaley, Rev. Pres 109 pane tote ae Fam: Halimed
Ji ied qi Hall, G. ne 97 oker all, H. M. 228 Horsebrier 171 fal o De Horse-mint 34 Halod Hort, Arthur 187 Holop ovals 61, 62 ‘ottes, A. 2 H. 90 House, H. D. 140, 19. rae oe Plants in the New York Houstonia eae ee Garden 56, 74, 119 Howe, M. 8, arlow, H. Publications during Publications dicing 1919 67 I9I9 on OWE, M.A. The 1920 eenne border 138 per, R. Hudson, Hendrick Harris, Willi: 8
inths Hybridination se beet 3 uM eF:
dni
Hartweg 20' eee: Ir og
Hastings, G. T. 55, 64, 141 Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora 94 Haynes, C. C. 42
Hazen, T. E. oe 102, 117 Icica 11
Healy, R. C. 9 Tlex Cassie
Heath Family a 116 vomit 170
Heaths 163 In quest of ‘ost cacti; cactus ees Heliocarpus 10 in the a ‘olinas in winter (Pl. 25
Hemianthus, The flower in the genus 78 252) 16
236
Incense trees 116 Landrum, W. R. 91 Hin elarsengrn Act of 213 Lane, E, V. Z. 205 Ind n bean Lane, Mrs. E. V. Z. 205 it 4I Lane, clea Or Lresine 8 Lantan: Tris crions an Ba 184, 186 Ten oe OL germ Laura, J. B. 9: r shnir tang ek Lebau, Harry: 490 mesopotamica 181, 186 Lecomte, Prof. 208 pallida, 182, 183, 188 eCouteur 4, § Ricardi 181, 186, 187 saree ae N. Y. Botanica Garden trojana 181, 185 Lecythis variegata 181, 182, 183, 188 ee 8 ae Iris 40, 99, 142, 181-183 F. S. 205 Iris Society, Organization of the Se ieieeels 165 American 39 Leiphaimos trinitensis 110 Tri he b Lemaireocereus 108 18 Leontodon 166 Iron-wood 35 Lespedesa striata 175 Irving, Washington 145 pains = 8: 142 ania latifolium 131 ‘] n, Adolph Isertia I ee n 285, 106, ay, 112, 116 aah rite 149 gustrum 56, 57 YY» Poi lac 57, sb. 96 ilies, water- 50 Jackson, H. S. 42, 62, 193 inden family 107 acobs, L. te or inden: noe Jamaica, The wild pimento of 38 innaeu: Japanese ce Clover 174 a. Cal cherries 96 paris pe us. 150, 152 ho: see 17I quidambar 35 ieee Liriodendron chinense 198 Jenman 137 Tulipifera 198 Jessamine yellow- 34 Live-oak 28 3 14 Jigger-tree T11 Lobelia jones, J. B. Lobelia triiensis 109 Jones, Joseph 131 I t, Daniel 117 Teac oa 157 pee 7 Junipe Loftus, Thomas 91 Logan, James 2 ogania Family 57 Loganiaceae 57 patie 7 jJ. or Long-leaf Pine 27 Kil Ipatrick, Van Eyrie 43 Lonicera 77, 119, 121 ing, Mr. 134 fragrantissima 119, 163 in ncis I, Loomis, H. 165 Kingsland, Mrs. M. J. 210 Lost cacti, In quest of (Pls. 251, 252) 161 Knees pl. us Opp. p. 45 Lovell, Stanhope 105 Knight-3 Lovell, M. tanhe I Ruiphohes 199 owater, <noche, L. H. 139 Lownes, Mr. 155 Knotweed 48 udwi patna Family 48 Lycium 59 Koch, Lycopodium 106 ae a ey me Kohlrabi 142 Lysiella Kusagi 58 L imaente. Loomisit 165 Lair, H. T. or McAllister, Henry 91
Lamium 166 McAtee, W. L. 162, 171
237
arthy, M. Gerald 167 McClean poe 118 ye Jer
MclInro Melntoy, Mrs. °. IIo McRee, fed mes
MecWhir 138 MacDougal o t 79, 103 Mackenzie, K. Publications during 191g 67 Madder Family 60, 110 M: aan ee Maiden. Malaxis monopill aes 149 unifoli
rae Mr. 141 ing, H. M. 1
Moregravia | fey 114 Marcus, Nathan
B. pishancogapes The eee distribution of the 60-62
58
Marsdenia Martin, G. W. 228 assey, L. M. 55 Matheson, W. J. 138 Matrinomy vine 59 Mauritia 106 Moaximiliana 111 Maxon, . 205 Mayepaea
ep
Meadow Mice, Hey) Girdied by 94 Meier, F. C.
endel’s laws - Mendes, Captain 115 Mendleson, Walter 99, 101, 102 Me 203 Meteorology, N.
a Meung Mewes} N: saree hae para toe:
ed Family 58
Botanical
ills & Company 138 Mimusops ee 106 Mint, horse-
Mistletoe Family 116 Mistletoes 180
Mitchella repens ee Miyabe, Prof. 7 Monarda a 34
onkey-pod pl. 248, opp. p. 129 Montchrdi sculeata 110 melin
206 Mori, Daniel 204 Morris, R. T. 55, 169 Morris, R. T. Grafting with the aid of paraffin (PI. 250) 157
US 35
Mor:
Mosier, C. A. 53
Moss, Spanish- 49
Mosses 26, 46, 106, 109, II2Z, II4-116, 170, nly
Mulberry 35
Mulberry Family 106
Murray, W. -
I, 55
-9 baie we A. O, ee ne ee 193. 194
Be tal aniging a Blacks:
‘ginia 19 Trees girdled by meadow mice 94
‘usa coccinea 111
Mince 192
Mycologia 99, 191, 194
ycologists in New York and Con:
heminie an mer field meetings fo pathologist: 16
Myrtle, crape -
Myxophyc
Nanny-berry 7.
undo 35
44, 100, 143, 196, Cherry ecaee shelter house 210
238
New York Botanical Garde Conference notes 16, a 60, 78, 97 Construction work 20, 43, 64, 125, 140, 194, 2 Flower show Hardy Woody ‘Plante in 56, aes TI9
Lectures Greenhouse 18, Saturday oe an $5 Sanne Spring 54-56, 124 Tr 118 Meteorology for 1919, November mber 43; for eer ne i a 1920 January 64; Feb- ine
September
comment I9, 42, 179,
O Notes. news and 62, 79, 99, 124, 139, 159, 193, 208, 228 "Plants and Seeds 80, 99, 143, 196, 212
II, Precipi tation, See Met
Publications of the ae “stelan id 65
orth American Flora 73, 125, 126, 139 Nort! p. J Northruy Mrs. 7 L907 Norton, Mrs. C. D. 140 Notes. 42, 62,79 99, 124, 139, 159, 179, 193, 208, 227 Notes on the history of the bearded
Nymphaea 50 Nym: ohodes Tio
Oak 35, 45, 49 live- 26, an 49 .
Ocenocarpus 111
Igt8 (Pls. 241, 242) 25; (Pls. 243, 244) 45 Okura, Kunihiko 195
Oldenlandia 105 Oleaceae 56
Oneanines 10g Olive, E. W. 18, 55, 56 Olive Family on IIo oN oul a
oe 162, 168, 169, 170, 178 frasent "Ot, 162, 178 arthya 161, 162, 170, I71, 174) UT Opu tia 16, eds
Pola di 26, fee. ve 170, 174, 176, 177 sees I6I, 171, 173. 177 oe ss 177 Orchidaceae 1 15. Ore!
7 hids 106, 109, 114, 116, 208 ie I50 . . Organization of the American iris Society 39
Ouratea 107 erholts 191
Palidcourea 116 Palm pl. 241, opp. p. 29, 35, 38, 106, 107, III, 112, 114, 116, 117 farm manac 106 eedle- 35 ss-cabbage 53 silver
Palmaceze’ 200 Palmer, E. 97
Palmeri, Umber
Palmetto, abe OL ve opp. Pp. 29, 30
rsley ng Parsons, Mrs. F. G. 160
239
Partridge-berry 170
Passion-flower 110 Pathologists. and ia leora ras in New York and
Connecticut, Summer fiel chines 16 Pauline, Laurence 91 ‘aulownia 59, 72, 73 ‘aulownia trees, About 72 ‘aurotis Wrightii 53
Pavonia spinifex 35 a Family 96, 107, 115, 116
ecans
eck, M.
elicano e ‘Company, Frank D. 138 oe
ans ies 89, 142 ony 40 ene onia 38, 52, Peperomia in F! iaviaas The genus 78 epper, bird- 47 Perami:
Pimenta Pim Pimento of es The wild 38 Pine 26, 29, 30, 35. 47) 49, 163
i
203
eeding, The aims and methods of 1
Plaiopuntia 177
Plumiera pl. 249, opp. Pp. 132
Po ogonia ophioglossoides 148 Sia ae R. 164
polypodioides 36, 37 Pomeroy & Fischer, Messrs. 180 Pond-cypress 53, 81-86, pls. 246, 247 Poplar
96 Pop ulation in ce Cypress and 247
upal
Prain, David 1
Pre ee See T Méteotolony under N. ae Garden
OM.
z, H. Prickly. pear, Opp. Pp. 169, Prickly-pears 25, 26, 29-31, 108, 161, 162, 164, 169-178 Primrose 89 Privet 56, ae Protea fami ge mazophala 164 Pter
20 crow-foot 168 pl. 252, 170
m 33 Publications, see N. Y. Botanical Garden Purchases 22, 80, 202 Kittredge, . M. 22
Rose, J. N.
'urdie, oWillia iam. ey Purpleheart 11r Pycananthemum Loomisii 165
Quassia amara 115 Quercus 35 imbricaria mreratane Quest of lost pa In (Pls. 251, 252) 161
ishes 89, 142
Rates 4r
Rainfall, see N. ¥. anes Garden Rain tree pl. 248, aye
Rand, F. V. 139.
240
Rapp, Severein 33 Sabai Etonia pl. 241, opp. p- 29 Razymoufskya 180 Lenbanehits IIT Rea, P. 172 Palmetio p’ oa opp. p. 29 Recent trip to British aie Report Rereasery Anton on a (Pls. 248, 249) I. te -bay 170 Red-cedar 170, I9r Sree Red-gum 35, 45 Scmicnes Sami pl. 248, opp. P. 129 Red-hot pokers 199 Sambucus 60, 93 Red Maple 1 IQL intermedia 49 d-h Further ‘amyda 112 145 and pine 26, 32 Rehder, Alfred 62 ‘ansevieria 88 Reichenbach 202 antolina 88 Reilly, J. B. oF argassum 115 Rendle, A. B. 205 sargeret 4 Report, by the Director-in-Chief upon arracenia minor 47 a visit to botanical institutions in assen, Farther 108 En, means i aunders, Miss 207 recent trip to British aw-cabbage palm 53 2 Whe. chy Ae 129 s Sematy 35:47 Recast: fern cheepers, Inc., John 125 Retinosporas 93 cl heult, 7 E. 108 Rhaphidophyllum 35 Scheult, pe 1Iro, 116 Rhipocephalus 98 chizaea - Rhipsalis ae de ea hododend. Schultz, J. V. 9 podadenron Chepmeni 124 Scroph diarigeese 59, 73, 78, 125, hodop ae Palmetto 30, pl. 241, opp. - "9 ibes ee F. J. 16-18, 64, 118, 125, 139, icker, P. L. 1: a 80, 209 iddle, L. W. Co. ‘lection ions by 23 iver-cypress es Ba, 84-86 pl. 247 Publications during 1919 71 oberts, E. A. Securidaca 105 obinson, E. A. os Sei obinson, Mrs. E. A. 106 35 ock, J. T. 193 Setchell, W. A. 20, 21, 60, 140 odriguez, L. 193 Sounlty in ae ogers, C. H. 29 Shear, C. L. 1 ogers, C. S, 104 Sheehan, Thomas 92 ‘olfe, R. A. 202 Sherard 2 ollins, Pinckney Shingle a 192 ose, J. N. 42, 1 Aae Shirreff, Patrick 5 ose, J. N. & Britton N. L. Publica- Short-leaf pine 27 tions ‘during 1 ag 2 . Rose 40, : ae garden 141 Sie ics L. H. 160 mallow 194 Silver-palm Rosemary Sim: C Roupala montana 111 Sindler, T. E. 92 Rowland, W. R. 101 kan, S. A. 202 Rubee trees, Para 106 Slater, Miss 228 Rubiace: Slocombe, Emily dus Small, J. K. 19, sere a: 124, 126 Rusby, H. H. Publications during Coltections by 24, 80, 100 T9I19 70 Public: San during 1919 71 Rusk, H. MALL, J. K. Russula vir ida; Rydberg, P. A. the relation of Pi oneseonn Pu Elications searing IgI9 70 to the drif lation as shown
241
in the case of Taxodium (Pls. Stout, A. B. Conference notes 16, 41, 245-247) 81 60, 78, 97
In quest +s lost cacti; cactus The aims and methods of plant hunting the Carolinas in breeding 1 winter Pls, 251, 252) 161 ie Mrs. os
ae ancient dunes; a § \wherr: ae ee ord of exploration in Florida § tretlons spi 47 in December 1918 (Pls. 241, 242) turtevant, Gra ; Is. 243-244) 45 1 a R.S§.
25; (Pl ) urtevant,
ymilax 171 ugarberry 35 mith, G. M. 42 ugar-beet 5, 6, 15 mith, H. G. 79 umach 145 mith, J. D. 36 ummer Field Meeti f pathologi mith, M, 204 and mycologists in New York and napdragons 199 Connecticut % nowball 76 eee Prof. 1 nowberry 76 ea rtz I. nyder, W. F. 92 Swe ‘el i. Cc. o oar, John 52 Swingle, W. T. 42, 193
bol. Philip 92 Somphoricarpos ‘6 olanaceae 59 Syri 96
sti I
olidago Tabebuia 115
oldiers oa nd sailors, Vocational edu- Tabernaemontana 114 cation in gardening for disabled and tamale 170
convalescent 87 ‘amarix 93 Sophora tomentosa 115 rer wa, J. M. Sour-grass 130, 165 Tare, Nathaniel 19 Southern-elder 49 Taxodium Southwick, cscenden a pl. 247, 85 Publications during 1919 71 dis m 82, 85 jpanish-moss 49 eee asia pl. 247, opp. p. 85 Spathiphyllum 105 distichum Spatter-docks 50 Taxus “Rovidane Ba Spaulding, Perley 124, 139 Taylor, Norman 55
Special instruction in " practical garden- Taylor, William 201 ing 42 Tectaria he ha 36 Spermatophytes, The geographical dis-~ Thalas. prea eae ‘i
Thistle alae 124
Spinach 89, 142
Spleenwort, ae I7I, 175 Thomas, H.
Sprague me Thysanella robusta 48 Spreng Tick-seeds 166
ER Spring pees 125 Ore
orobolus muralis 131 Tipulavia 1 Spurge 166 Tisdale, W. B. 139 Squamariaceae 98 en Lae nee ee a Torrey, John 165
phylea 93 Torreya 28, a Steele, ee M. 92 Tree-f
e-lerms Stars iphom TIS Trees, ‘Abou 1 Pa ulownia 7 Stewart, Edward 137 Trees ciica by Meadow Mice 94 Stew: art, Mo see ae Tremele sparassoidea Stillman, G. L. 138 Trip British Guiana, Report on a Stinking cedar a t (PI Is. 248, 249) 120 Stork, H. E. 193 Tri “inidad i iti Stout, A. B. 16, 18, 42, 62, 78, 79, 98, Esa Iss 118, 139 adoutdraien 147 Publications during 1919 71 .ltrianthophora 147
Trumpet-creeper 59 Trumpet-creeper Family 59 ryon, William 164
» M. Tyler, A. A. a
Udotea 98
Uimus 35
Ulrich, nae oe Urich, F.
Urtica Buiter 35
Valota insularis 1.
Vanilla 53, 54 articulata 53 Eggersit 54 pha ee 53 in Mon:
Venetian mallow 192 ‘e) trap 171
Vervain Family 58 Verbena
Vernonia tog
Viburnum 74, 75, 76, 93
Vicent, a & as Richard 138 Vilmorin, le 5 Vi
‘inca 88
‘ines, S. H. 206 Vines, Mrs. S. H. 207 Viola a 165, 166
165, 166 Virginia, Botanizing at Blacksburg I9r
Visit to botanical institutions in Eng- Jand, Report by the Director-in- Chief upon
Vitex
Vocational education in gardening for disabled on convalescent soldiers and sailor:
Wachenfelt, ees de 42
Wallace, A. H. 73 lace, R. W. 1
Walnuts 191
Ward, Mr. 1
242
‘Warner, Henry 111 Water-lilies 50 Watson, E. E. 19, 139 yaa | tree 74. Weigei
E. M. 6. novi « Sheri 98, 116
Wid pimento of Jamaica, The 3
es Be
.O.1 Williams, R. S. fiesiehs by 24
gz I9IQ 72
Co ublications during Willow 93, an Willis, J. C.
d 7. Woerter, Charles 92 Woman's Nati
Xanthoxalis 166 Xerocarpaceae 178 Xyris 106
upon td Yellow-buttons 34 ee ewe 34 Yew 28, 93 Pucca ee
Zamia foridana 28, 31
marina 61, 62
Members of the Corporation
Dr Robert Abbe,
aniel Guggenheim, Murry Guggenheim,
J. Horace Harding,
Walter 7 Ties Walter B. Jennings, Otto H. Kahn,
Prof. James F, Kemp, Darwin P. Kingsley, w. V. Z. Lane
Af Pirpont sean, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, ae R. Newbold, C. D. Norton,
Eben E. Ole Prof. Henry F one Chas. Zamir Pack,
James R. Pitcher, Ira A. Pl Hon. Anning S. Prall,
Ch Dr.W. Gil: ompeen,
y, Felix M. Warburg, Paul M. Warburg, tinghouse, ea wes inthrop, Grenville L, Winthrop,
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour,
Mrs, Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Delancey K Mr
rs. Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Sag I. Pratt,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mre. John I. Kane,
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrz. F. K. Sturgis,
Mrs. F. F. Thompeca,
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
4. Benefactors ay hema of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift o o be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift r by Lh q hall title th Pealsa to bea Pp + f +h Garden.
3. Fellows for Life ihe crpeipincaa: # $1000. 00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any fellow for life of the Garden, 4, ne Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more rt and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1,000.
5. Sustaining Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become
fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1,000.00. 6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. All members are entitled to the following privileges: Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of M
»
anagers.
Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of pase
A copy of all handbooks daar nf ae Garden.
A copy of all annual repo: d Bul
A copy of the monthly “a
Privileges of the Board ag
7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00.
AnEe
ee _ Members are invited to ask any questions they d toh d on botanical or horticultural subjects. ee will accompany any members through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building at 3 o'clock.
Form of Bequest
T heredy bequzath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of i
y y wy 4 1 J
ta
sees
Reteter
JOURNAL OF
Tue New York Boranicat GARDEN
VoLUME XXII, 1921
PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE Davin Lypic Funp
BEQUEATHED By CHARLES P. DaLy
JOURNAL
~~ The New York Botanical Garden
R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
VoLuME NNIT Wirth 13 PLaTes
1921
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
At 8 West KinG STREET, LANCASTER. Pa. INTELLIGENCER Partniinc Co.
OFFICERS, 1921 PresiIDENtT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON Vice-PRESIDENTS { TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL
J ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE. SecRETARY—N, L. BRITTON
ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922
IENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM ?AUL D. CRAVAT: ADOLPH LEWISOHN WILLIAM BOYCE pesos
Term expires January, 19
EDWARD D. AM: JOHN L. ees ROBERT W. os POREST J. P. MORGAN JANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires January, 1924 VN. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS AENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD N. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE Me OF THE City of New YorEe N. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE aie OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. apa agen Ss
cee ROA. ER, Chairman See P. BICK PROF. FREDERIC a NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER eae ANNING S. P aROF- WILLIAM J. GIES On HERBERT 1 ‘RICHARDS
?ROF. JAMES F, KE MP OF. HENRY H. RUSB
GARDEN ST DR. N. L. BRIT "A. GLEASON, in-Chief oe Administration)
tt , Supervisor of _ aes Inst VOBERG ee stow g Pla DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, 7 (rlowerless Plants)
Cur DR. ee SEAVER, Curator ‘lowerless Hoe ») ROBERT §. WILLIAMS, rs manus ose PERCY WILSON, Ass ‘rh Cur ue ES A. ore ORD. aoa ciate Coa A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboraio: pe DR. JOHN HENDLEY LOW, Litrerion Bibliographer br DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic enone eas G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosse. R. AR LLICK, Paleobotanist
ARTHUR SE CORBETT, ibeminied of Buileias oe Gipal NETH R. BOYNTON, Head Garden
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prof. 11: nry F. Osborn, Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Edwar J. Montgomery Hare, He Charles B. ae ae Edward S. Harkness, F. R. Pierson, Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, James R. Pitcher, John W., cece J. Amory Haskell, Ira A. Place, George F. Baker, T. A. Havemeyer, Hon. Anning S. Prall, Stephen Baker, A. Heckscher, Charles F. Rand, Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffmann, Ogden Mills Reid, Edmund L. Baylies, rcher M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H Ric! : ne P ; iter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, ings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emle velt, George S. Brewster, Prof. Jame: s F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, w. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, De: Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. eee S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht, Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, Hon. ua = Clark, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, Everit Macy, James S; r, Mari e Bron oe Edgar L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, ‘aul D. Cc atheson, i Charles nae ge eny, . B. Thayer, Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Emerson McMillin, Charles G. elisa on, Cleveland H. Dodge, Dr. Walter Mendelson, W. Boyce Thompso Samuel W. Fairchild, ohn L. Merrill, Dr. W. Gilman eaeee William B. O. Field, Ogden Mi! Louis iffany, James B i . Og ills, Felix M. Warburg, Henry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morga: Pa . W rg, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis orris, Ailen Wardwell, . W. J. Gies, Frederic R. Newbold, . HH. bis Stage Daniel Guggenheim, Cc. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Woe
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. George D. Pratt, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Harold I. P, tt, Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt rs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, rs. Benson B. Sloan, Mrs. Charles D, Dickey, Mrs. V. Everit pane Mrs. Theron G. Strong Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. Cabot Ward. ,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. age Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs, F. K. Sturgis, Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss coe P.Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. 253. JANUARY.
Lae ad of Alvin h CE 1 Wild Flow of New York Adee 12
William Harris eee eee aes 13 Bequest of Mary J. Kingsland hebax 15 November and December 15 Notes, 20 pees wiiais tlie seaancvecd sad tered ea 22 No. 254. FEBRUARY. Old Trails and New Discoveries......... 00.00 ccc ce ceccecerceccuceeee 25 The Pr Rapes areas Cand 40 r Lynde S 44 Fanny Bridgham Fund 45 Greenhouse Lectures.........0....0 0000 ccc cece ee eee igaiee AO Conf Ni for January : : 47 Notes, News and Comment...........0. 000.0000 cc ccc eee eee ene 48 No. 255. Marcu. on Trails and New Discoveries ( C ontinued) 49 Succession of Reservoir 64 Notes, ia and Comment 66 Accessio: 68 No. 256. APRIL. i a Pest 73 Tropical Trees: with] Ligt Wo0d sien si elena Bl eta atl 75 holars _ Students of the New York Botan- _ical Garden During a Year 19 ze i) t NI Macct a 87 Notes, N 1 Comments. 242 aes negate prego aces es sie 2 BG ee GH 89 PRCCOSSIONS cern shay cate eve eccct etic cede aoe ee nee tnt hueettd beet follies a caety See te 91 No. 257. May. Further B ical Studies in Trinidad Notes, Ni ae n No. 258. JUNE. Stewardson Brown........-.-. 020s sll, Visit ‘from High School as ie Notes, h Accessions
viii CONTENTS
No. 259. Juty.
Seminole Bread—The Conti.........0000 000. cece eee eee eet tt 121 The New Toc ied! Gos Entrance and Fencing on the Southern Boulevard. es. siseosicdcae ecce by aces conse eden cian wines ete velee eae 138
The 1921 Dahlia Border A T
Notes, N: Accession
No. 260. AUGUST.
Geo 145
Studies ae ee in Cooperation with the State Experiment Station at Geneva Na Visita alate nero a Metical enable 4 aioe aaa ae
The “Workings " of Long Lake eo ey ise
Notes, Ni dc ms 159
No. 261, SEPTEMBER.
anizing in British Guiana 161 ee the Juniata River; 533 id. Gis cke ag Goi ovate oe acne ys Saas 168 The Lo: im
ss of a La arge 2 Pa
r. P xT rl Accessions No, 262. OCTOBER. ; Rhododend oe ee Notes. Ni 1c ie : fy 190 ACCESSIONS 5 cee bt ag ES Ah Get ee dace BAe Be Vays cobb ete I9I Historic Trails t The Pal ¢ NI € Notes, Ni 1 BRS ete 8! Ssh St Hake eon ee Accessions 229 Index 231
Vol. XXII January, 1921 No. 253
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS Reminiscences of Alvan Wentworth Chapman......................... 1 Wild’ lowers Of New YOEk:. ......)0.swesicseneedseeeescietsccsnsicencnes 12 OCA ERIN GEA AT IAG. Sic ciayee a alate coe wid aie bln Wee onTardMnN Cte claire w coal apMolents ate 13 Bequest of Mary J. Kingsland............... 0.0.02 c cece cece eee ees 15 Conference Notes, November and December.......................000- 15 Notes, News and Comment..............0ceecce cece cece cece deneennens 20 MARAIS SR et) Da) San ele ewig ial call Bieta SD Alea IRIE ae dln’! ya b's Wares rosin 22
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN LANCAS’ A
AT8 TER, P.
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFICERS, 1921 PRESIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON WARD Vick-PRESIDENTS eae W. DeFOREST TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SEcRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922
crus an ae BALDWIN MURR Ue le ae
DO Pi are "WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPS'
Term expires January, 192 :
EDWARD D. pa JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL CUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires January, 192: N. L. BRITTON LEWIS Paani Be HENRY W. de FOREST ee R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE spelen OF THE City oF NEw YorK N. JOHN F. HYLAN THE pe OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN BL SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS EOE. R. A. HARPER, Chairm EUGENE P. BICK PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING PROF. WILLIAM J. ERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration)
R. H. A. GLEAS ON, ais ee ‘or (Administ tration)
DR. JOHN ee eat Head. tas f the Museums Akers Plants)
A. MURRIL Ly Supecsor of Public I
RANC ‘ura GEORGE v. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator of iiauee T, Director of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliogropher SARAH H. HARLOW, A ‘arian SBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic slog
ARTHUR ‘7 COR BETT, Superintendent of iitdeiees b na Uileits KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII January, 1921 No, 253
REMINISCENCES OF ALVAN WENTWORTH CHAPMAN
In answer to the door-bell early one morning in December,
part 2 Flor: ae growing in our front yard. Would we give him some information concerning it? J started out by telling him i iene name of the plant, that it was a cycad, and that it had relatives in the West Indies and in the Old oS kno ] “Wha
I want to know is, where did you get it?” ened my eyes a bit and really looked at him. “If you know that much you do know somet ing — plants,’ I remarke e nodded
a they might be
g 3 oO i) oO 3 aq oO an < = ct > 5 5 wm }
Doctor ae to others. Hence ‘the cleat notes
is document, aes at the request of the undersigned, is a welcome sain to uae too scant Chapman biographies and is the first written aes who ean inkumate: “ciend of the subject of the. sketch, as we ell a the
man
ists of America. It is particularly fitting that it be published in our aa
1
2
saw Doctor Chapman! first in April, 1887. We had come
octor Chapman took his meals here. One day he saw my mother working around a syringa bush—one of the relics of a
Doctor Chapman’s main and original herbarium, the one on which t fet edition of his ‘Flora of - euaaatt United States” was based, is now mong the collections at w York Botanical Garden. Among hi aes at the Garden is hi x Catal logue of pane Plants,"’ a manuscript
which was the basis of his ‘‘Flora.’"—Joun K. SMALL. 1 Alvan Wentworth as son of aa and Ruth Priel. Chapman,
mons she : 879. the University of No rth Ca colin na rane -hapman the degree of LL.D. He died a poroe April 6, 1860: in ane ninetieth year.—Joun HENDLEY BaRNHA
3 once ia garden—which was struggling ae life ae overwhelm odds. ‘‘The Doctor,” as we learn call him, came over and said, ‘‘Madam, I sce ee you ce wers.
rom that day on an intimacy, then established between this grand old man and my family, held firm until his death in
his ninetieth For in time business brought our family permanently to Apalachicola and we built a home
We bui €; y mother planted a garden! h, what a delightful ti e “The Doctor” did have—experi- menting with impossibilities! When merican ship brought up clay f e ‘‘Rio de la Plata” as ballast, and my father had it spread over the garden, Docto pman’s interest grew apace. He watched each “weed"’ that cro up
Ic e him ees as he ae to look as he walked on ahead ane es japanned box of specimens; for he was one of the gentlemen of the old school, and sturdy a girl as I might be, my
1 Amo: ng the plants early aerate into that garden ae still eee is eferred to. ether rom e art of
know It is typica’ mia floridana, which grows more or less abundantly in pinelands from the latitude of Gainesville to the lower Flori eys. It oO w generally known that Doctor Chap once visited <ey West
r said, ‘I saw Dr. Blodgett at Key West ae years io
a northern part of the ae which region Doctor Chapman doubtless ea. or he may ro it back with him from Key West. This plant was, very likely, native on Key West before its pinelands were devasted, or it r ve b there from plants derived from the nearby Miami region, which is
i i ar b
the oct
ee of fhe Kimball Race as well as in other front yards in the
JK.
7 Be ides the pinelands, the titi a or titi bay is one of the most promi-
s hi nate Apalachicola | reg zion. The titi,
e, known botanically as phy i plant feature’ When in flower Hea myriads of snow- -white flower- clusters eclipse all other vegetation —J. K
4
sex forbade me to carry sah ing. Doctor Chapman was a y handsome man. He stood over six i a hair was of het fine white fextite hat is likened t , but in reality as no similarity; it was the kind o anne. i that age clean thought give toa man. A brain had to do clear Sk to be thatched with such white hair. His eyes were clear a blue, and with all the enthusiasm and purpose of youth in nae glance. He was even a bit of a dandy and always wore dark blue suits. He was insistent that he was a New Englander, as he was by birth; ot his profile spoke of that hardy Puritan He y dignified in his movements—he walked bey with o alanis ene) a habit untae from search- ing the ground for its shy flowers. When he did not have tha tin box, his hands were clasped behind his back. deaf, a his sight was remarkably good, with the exception noted b In his ok pias Chapman must have been a hard man—
ery
very stern of ose. I remember his telling my mother stories of the war a confirm this idea. “I w. nion "he said; ‘(and right there my wife and I disagreed. For
in Marianna he I never saw her during those
four years es, I heard from her e ent me four
shirts. They were very good shirts, iss I thanked her for them hat was all he war was over she return
e miss her? Yes, some—but, my fae friend, those were very stirring years.”
Yet he disliked to talk of those days, and many of the stories that I heard of that time came from a mutual friend, who wa the son of one of the Doctor’s patients and a satellite of his,
for such t lasted. ‘That is why you will stil find ee in my pew,”
5
e used to say. “If I must hide, I decided that I might as well
io) e, he was the only surgeon in the city, and that fact saved his life; even his enemies had a wholesome fear of he diseases th re rife during Dixie’s tumultous four years
“But,” he said, ‘’I would not have given a sixpence for my life many times during those four years.’ ndersonville prison was sit Sue near the Flint River. All ist h
ee creatures were hiding in the marsh. Then Doctor Ch uld i
seis vessels.
Often the boy went alone, for the Doctor was watched too closely to oh the trip. But it was fine sport for the lad. ‘‘ Never have I been so royally treated as I was on board those Yankee cruisers,’ he said. ‘‘And the worst of it was, I had to go back home and hold my tongue when my mother told father I was entirely too young to join our town guard.’
But to return to our subject.
“T did not do much botanical work in those days,” the Doctor would say; “I was too busy doctoring. Still, dear
i fi
easing a soul in or out of the world I did my best practice vith a rae and bread pills.”
asked him when he began to really botanize. He answered, oe love for all flowers began to develop soon after I came
6
pe 1 2 think i ae began to give up my medical eaten
o plants when I went up to Marianna the summer after he mattox and visited my wife. I us a to walk through the fields a good deal, and I aes to note the humors and peculiarities of the growing thin: e smiled. Ge h ad had quite enough experience with ae ills by that
— am not sure but I think it was several years after this time that he met Doctor Torrey in Florida, and they ranged through the hills in the region where the Flint and the Chattahoochee Rivers meet to form the Apalachicola River.? I know that the story of is discovery of the Torreya taxifolia® by his friend Mr. Croom was very dear to his heart; and he was always trying to
lived. And they make fence posts of it at Alum Blu
I octor Torrey was dated ‘‘Gadsden Co. 1835” and mailed : Oui incy the same day. This and four
and enthusiasm at that time. T & Gray, Flora 1: 355 3. ntion Doc apman ‘‘an accurate and indefatigable b: ist. "— s octor Torrey made a pilgrimage to the Chattahoochee country in
t winter of 1872, the year before his death—many years after the tree in ques- tion had been area an nd nomen in his honor. He never published an
J. 7Un the present pales of botanical nomenclature this tree is known as Pinion ‘nuit ium. + The tree, evidently, does not transplant a thrive readily. However,
to Doctor Torrey at New York by Mr. Croom the discoverer. One of these,
sent to Newburgh, New was lost sight of; the other, planted in Central N , grew, and furnished sprigs of foliage w! ew b
members at the formal! organization of the Torrey Botanical Club (1867) and at Doctor Torrey’s funeral 73). This tree is, a ently not now livin, . Asa Gray records in rican Agriculturist for 1875 that, “T have been told that two seedlings of Terreya which M room n near his ho at Quincy, da and which had become stately trees, have recently been demolis' by the present proprietor; also t tre
at Croom's planting still flourishes in the grounds of the state-house at Tal lla-
7
He was aa and patient, and as a teacher was most interest- h
ing. He many plans for , which i thful egotism i aie I know now that I should have done well had I followed this friendly counsel. He wanted me to take up
hi mantle of his is research. When I failed him he closed in upon himself; for he had no children of his ow
M
rs. Chapman was a widow with one daughter are Doctor Chapman married This erie married Do Chap-
's most intimate friend, and the two children of this marriage were treated his ow! ddaugh W one these you ies visited Europe h e entrée into the highest social circles. The second brother of the ol German Emper illiam I was an eager bo , and e:
an ‘or am botanist, and he be- came a friend of this young lady. All court circles were opened e
the tor got wind of the stepchild’s immediate return to ari ca. memuorie those
done under a microscope. He looked up as I entered. ‘‘Come here, my child,’’ he said, ‘‘ and look at these.” I looked, and I grant you that I saw wise interesting in dt
t he continued: “Behold the hand of ae Almighty at its incredible task! The a . these ahaa ferns are all coordinated in multiples ur. an exception. And if the All Seeing has one his law of fe to even these
“There are three or four specimens of Torreya on the Capitol Tall 1 «nth
roun parts of town,
ation recently received from Doctor R. M. Harper. Of course, aes and
Tallahassee are not far from the general region for Torreya. A paper on
Torreya and its aaa was published by Doctor Chapman in the Bot- 1885.—J. K.S.
8
minute aier has he not so governed the whole world that no man need fear
That was as near as he ever came to ae ‘religious.’” In fact, he was called an ‘‘irreligious’’ man. That was because in his day men who did not underscore every letter of the Credo were called heathens.
“The pendulum had to swing back the other way," he would exclaim, “My father was a ‘blue Presbyterian,’ predesti- nation, damnation, and all the rest made life, the Sabbaths especially, miserable to me. oo pul ed that old pendulum too fa th
have a creed,” he said to me on another occasion, “it is summed up in these words: ‘He prayeth best who loveth best All things both great and small; For the dear God who loveth us, He made and loveth all.’ ” On his return from a visit north, where he met Doctor Gray for the last time, he told us of a visit that the two friends made to pia ee ’s old home.
“We went all over the old place,” he said. “It looked very much as a used t hen I was a boy. don’t change much up there. V I walked out into the garden, there I saw the brass sugar kettle of the old ti W eyes
en w —_ they put me to stir the boiling syrup—and I letit bur
His face hardened as he remembered his injury.
“It was an unmerciful licking I got,” he eae “and an un- just one. When I saw that kettle my gorge rose—I said out loud, ‘Damn that kettle.’ How Gray laughed ie en he under-
ood!”
Doctek Chapman told me one evening of another incident
for Doctor Gray died th ason following. seems that he and his friend, Gray, were eset ularly hae in violets, and Doctor ria said that there was a violet in New En nglan
that Gray did not have in his collection. Now, botanists will understand all e ae of such a declaration, for it be- came imperative for Doctor Chapman to prove his statement.
9
So he made a trip up to the country town where he had remem- bered finding this shy sister. It was late in the season, but he ped im -seare nd se:
hoped to find one single specimen. He hed and searched, but could find nothing. He gave up and was returning to catch his train atter would h lie over another year,
m: ve to € but, just before he came to the station, right there in a corner of the fence, he found his violet—a perfect specimen in every — wa’ edie: it get there?” he cried. ‘‘You need not tell me
eyes weren't directed to it. Just remember the multiples of four of those spores! Anyhow, I took and I said, ‘T tha en ow the violet is in Doctor Gray’
story of h nd’s vis: I had been writing Gray that I h found a new Rhododendron, an etween yo e really think it was this plant that brought him South j went Fortunately, he came early enought to catch the pretty witch in bloom ook him o the reaches where he flower gr always looked white to me, but id it ‘blushed pink.’ He looked at it several moments, then he knelt down on studied it closely. When he arose he came and offered me his hand. ‘You are right,’ he said. ‘I never saw
1¢T will not here give any account of a delightful ten ce episode, [at Apalachicola] Then followed a week and m at dead and dilapidated, but still charming: Apalachicola, where the ache opens Monday evenings, when the steamboat arrives, and closes for a week the
in the paper from whic is q . visit to Pate nes Torreya. toe, he never wrote, at least never pub- lished a furt i t Apalachicola.—J. K. S.
10
I congratulate you on Rhododendron seeeciane
this species.
described in shade and hue ive mind will su
eighty he started to study German.
r his v of that country; for oe apman was as well known he was at hom
There is one other story that he told us cat is of interest to more ie n just his lige friends. He was a great = of Doctor Gorrie, 1 perhaps the dearest, nen friend that great
‘John Gorrie was born at Charleston, South Carolina , October T 3, 1803. He settled in Apsacnccl: as a physician in 1833, and: resided there until his death, June 18, 4855. Artificial ice had b mental
11
scientist had, and his account of the uae oa of manufactured ic . holds enough interest to bear reco
“One day Gorrie came to me back of as ee rr counter, where I was making bread pills, I believe, and his eyes danced
xplained t well nena od how such a need would oe ict ee i cian
So,” he continued, ‘I asked him, ‘have you got it?’ We cr Apa over to his home, and there he showed us the first piece of manufactured ice. He had stumbled on it indeed! ‘You've
Y
make the ice!’ He did it. We won the wager. And we had the ice! It was a great dinner we had that night.” “How much did Doctor Gorrie hae from his invention?” s head.
served as an excuse for an isolation that he welcomed. WINIFRED KIMBALL
t
way for century, but he machine for aoe use. Recopnition of Gorrie as one of the ee bene- factors of the human race has been slow. Even now, when there is a monu- a to ds memory at Apalachicola and a statue in the Gaile at Washing.
ay search through the long article upon “refrigeration” in the ae pie of the Enc Topeedis as without finding any mention of Gorrie’s name.—JoHN HENDLEY BARNHAR
12
WILD FLOWERS OF NEW YORK
New York State Museum has recently completed t
he publicati its Memoir No. 15, containing descriptions an a illustrations of selected wild flowers inhabiting the state, written ry er H , State ist. is Memoir issued in two parts, of about equal size, containing collectively
ual 264 plates ioctl n color, reproduced from photographs taken by Dr. Hou
any person of ordinary scientific education can aoe them without effort. The distribution and habitat the plants illustrated are given. There is a complete res of illustrations and a comprehensive index The excellent photographs taken by Dr. Sie are reproduced for the most part with great accuracy and the color reproduc- i ry tru ture. The
he climate, and also to increase interest in the preservation of many a
It is with sual pleasure that we are adie these two el volumes to t brary of the Garden, and express our appreciation of this work to se, student of
k Botanical Garden in 1 ,a eum aid
since 1913. At the same time we would congratulate Dr. John
M. Clarke, Director of the State Museum, on the successful
production of this important work, so largely due to his interest and encouragement.
13 WILLIAM HARRIS
. William Harris, Assistant Director of igs and st island h We
several botanical gardens and a ee of the colony, Hope, Cae a an Hari a born naturalist; = Bae became interested in the nae cent ion of Jamaica and studied it intensively up to the time his fatal illness incapacitated him, serving practi- ist in additi : :
ar botanist 1 ition to his official gardening and agricultural duties; thes ok him widely over the isl a ition to visits | to the gardens under his soa and he knew
they have ever been Piiowh by any one.
The care of the herbarium at Hope Gardens came under his charge, and he soon began collecting specimens to increase it, with such diligence that his collection has now become one o the most important repositories of botanical information in tropical America; his botanical collecting was begun as early as 1891, when, ae umine an arbitrary number 5000 to represent ee f : :
he continually increased it up to 12909, preserving, a rule everal duplicate specimens of each number, which find ae
14
way to museums in Europe and America, where they are highly in coopera ation with
aida by a number of species, new to Science, named i his r, by the Cactus genus Harrisia and by the Orchid genus " Hatrisiella.
N. L. Britton
1Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 245~250.
2 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 229-236.
3 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 81-90.
4Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 163-172 1
5 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 99- fos.
15 BEQUEST OF MARY J. KINGSLAND
A bequest of five thousand dollars to The New York Botani- K
cal Garden by Mrs. Mary ingsland, was received from the executors of her estate in the summer of 1920 on recom- Endo nt Committee this gift has been
iron railings needed, which it is nee to obtain, at reasonable cost, during the winter or early sp This entrance to the Henieauel ee is for pedestrians
t n and along the Bronx Boulevard, and will add about four hundred feet to the permanent fencing of the reservation.
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER
November conference of the Scientific Staff and Regis- tered Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the museum building on Wednesday, November 3, 1920, at 3:30
‘The program was as follows: “‘Intersexes in grapes” by Dr ica”’ by Dr. F.
Dr. Stout sea on the types of flowers in grapes with
ment Station at Geneva, N. Y., in cooperation with me eties
cultural Department of the Station. Here are grow named varieties of European and American grapes whch afer
16
material for a study of flowe er types in varieties whose perform- k There are also several
io} wa ct rad a Oo o 2 3 t+ B Fs) cot oO By = ° ia n ot c a a oO wn g,
e S' ieee sorts in such crosses may, however, give different re-
The most effective course in breeding for the development of seedless sorts is suggested by the conditions of intersealis st individuals and varieties producing seedless or near-
seedless fruits are strongly staminate. The fpr can be used
17
as male parents on the latter which do sia a few viable
seeds. Plants strongly male i an cross plants sa
male but weakly female and also the n he nu progeny of
the latter may be obtained. a en way families weEe in fe e-
maleness may Bony be oa in pene a considerable
se “ indiv: Am
iduals e detailed dieicion of intersexualism in the grape, with eens ons of the various types of flowers and with sev- eral plates of illustration will be published in the near future.
Dr. Pennell reviewed his recent study of the American species
y the septicidal dehiscence of which precludes its having been de- veloped from that of the other “Veronicas.
genus of e n Asia and e n North Am It i
d m. » p annual, dep: in me spreading, the leaves mostly alternate,
a es and those with Sea in n specialized axillary ra- mes, Euveronica or ‘true Ver
es rvey Johnston of the University of Queensland, Australia was eee at the Conference and spoke very interest-
ingly and instructively o ission to tl ited States in connectio he work of the Prickly Pear Travelling Com- i Several species of cacti, commonly called prickly-
become serious weed pests. They spread rapidly by both seed
18
and aa eae propagation and quickly occupy eee land
and even land under cultivation. Thousands of acres of agri- cial aa grazing lands are already cov i owth 0 these cac e Gov ent of Australia has established a ission to consider means of control and extermination of this pes ommission has now been ely at work since 1914 and has decided that the most promising mea control the destruction by ral enemies, especially by insects and fun A considerable number o! ural para- sites are known to be very os only to cacti and the Commission is now searching in many parts of the world for
such parasites as are suitable for ea into Australia.
The December conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of the Garden was held in the laboratory of the museum building, on December 1, 1920, at 3:30 P. M.
The program was as follows: :Sipacompyls and Centro- pogon in South America” by Dr. H. ason. ‘‘The Genu: gi coe by Dr. P. Reabee.
_#H. eS as on ‘Siphocampylus and Centro- pogon in Soil th Am These two genera of Lobeliaceae
hg oO
e °: f relation of geographic deeibaren with specific didecodeee.
19
Rydberg reported on his work on the genus Diphysa,
from both the Robinianna and the Ses baat nianeae in the presence of a well developed obconic hypanthium below the calyx. Diphysa has, as Robinia, odd-pinate — while in the Ses- sepieainias a leaves are abruptly pinna
of Diphysa is D. ee described from
the species is a true Diphysa, related to D. racemosa, but with narrower pod than the other known species
. B. StouT Secretary of the Conference
20
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Under a. pana in one of the orchid houses at Conserva- tory Range s to be found a most interesting plant, Dor- Stenia poe is is a member e mulberry family,
the upper end of a long green scape arising from the crown. The structure is like a fig split open. A native of elas
J. N. Rose has recently come from the press. The first volume included two tribes, the Pereakeoe and Opuntieae. This one
y eanae of 9 g It quarto of 239 pages with 4o plates and 305 text- ie Published the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
The Women’s Auxiliary Board and the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden will entertain the members of the Garden at the Waldorf-Astoria on the evening of Febru- ary 8. The program will include short talks on various activi-
Garden.
Mr. Chas. C. Deam, State Forester of Indiana, widely known from his long and detailed studies of the Indiana flora, was a recent visitor at the Garden.
Mr. William W. Diehl of the nes States Department of Agriculture, a ashiabion, D. C., recently spent several days in
rden.
3 “< Q o 2 bi) ie) < 2° 3 a ~ = o ia o i) 3
Professor C. R. Orton of Pennsylvania State College spent a few days in December at the Garden in continuation of his studies of certain fungi parasitic on grasses.
r. . Anderson, i. a oe College at Amherst, Massa chusette: spent a few days at the Garden looking over the collections of cup- ree Pecparatory to a monograph of the
ns
e latter part of aan Dr. P. A. Rydberg made a
T . B. Stout, of the Garden eae rved as a member of ree Canmitice of Judges of the Mayor's Genie of. Women
21
in judging the exhibits of paper white eae grown by chil- dren Ae he Buble schools of Manhat an. About 8,000 bulbs d under th direction of the American-
zation st ara and grown under the supervision of the ae rs. The entire exhibit, which was a most creditable one making.a fea display of bloom, was assembled at P. S.
month was 4.73 eke of whi ch 0.20 inches (2 inches snow measurement) fell as snow. The maximum temperature re- corded for each week were as follows: 56° on the 5th, 51° on the 12th, 58° on the ee nd 54° on the 23rd. The minimum aaa were 29 on® the 3rd, 24° on the 8th, 21” on the 20th, and 14° on the 26th.
Metros a the year 1920.—The total Lana a at the New ical Garden for the year was 46.61% inches.
inches em ow; seer A. 73 ke (including 2 nches snow measurement), The total fall of snow for the year was 35 and 14 inches.
u n the morning of the 13th of November when 23° was recorded. The report of 19° on Sep. 20 printed in the November number
22
= ans Journay is a typographical error; the record for that day 9°. The latest freezing temperature in spring was on the morning of April roth when the temperature of 24° was reached.
ACCESSIONS
PLANTS AND SEEDS plants for conservatories. (Given by Mr. John Sommer.) I ia of Heliconia Edwardus Rex. (Given by Mr. W. B. Thompson.) 2 ph eee (Giv
ants of en by Mrs. F. A Constable.) I t 0. ‘dia. “(Given r.H. W cker.) plants of Iris. (Given by Thos ee & ) 4 plants of Iris. ( nb r.F. rsfo
s. Given by M H. rd.) 2 plants of Evecbiooiing Raspberry La France. (Purchased.) 18 grape plants. (Purchased. I pal from Trinidad. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) plants of MeeNare prolifera. ee eae with Bro. Hioram. 1 plant of Mi hv.S. through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 214 plants for conservatories and nurseries. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant Industry. 4 ee s of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. J.N.R 9 plants of Castanea mollissima. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant Indus 48 cating of Populus tremuloides vancouveriana. (Given by Mr, G. W. Chan 3 eutings of Saccharum oficinarum. ene by Mr. G. W. Chance.) 2p ate Mis Mary N. ies nt.)
Nat. Museum,
7 oa 8 ae Flor ida. (Given by re F FH
. AL 2 plants of ysanthemum arcticum. (Given by a ; Matheson.) i (Gi Mr. J. J. one 1 plant of Trillium cernuum. (Given by Mrs a neni ) fants of Box Berberi i
ry.) A Coane )
~NLL n.) 1 plant of Cocos nucifera, (By exchange with B eran Coie )
23
28 sae of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. J.N.R I nie f Robinia grandiflora. tae exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, throug! r. W. W. Ashe 236 plants for conservatories. (Give n by H. A. Arnold.) i J.
5 rose plants. iven by Mr. J. P. Sorenso’ plants for conservatories. eee by Mr. Teka Sommer.) 72 plants for pin (Purchase: 3 plants of Opuntia. (B eee with Mr. J. 59 plants of Penstemon. (Collected by Dr. F. W. P nell. )
ave of Bryophyllum pinnatum. (By exchange ice Dr. Walter Mendel- so! 11 plants of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. J. N. Rose.) 1 plant of Tripsacum laxum. (B exchange with a of Indiana.) sour
ed fi ds fr 203 Dahlia roots, 76 varieties. (Given ae r. M. i: Aces
32 Dahlia roots, 31 varieties. (Given by Mr. Alfre y)
47 Dahlia roots lants, 24 varieties. (Given by Mills &
24 Dahlia roots and plants, 24 varieties. (Given by Mr ouis Alling.) 30 Dahlia roots and plants, 19 varieties. (Given by MissEmily Slocombe 27 Dahlia roots and plants, 19 vari (Given il.)
19 Dahlia roots, 19 varieties. (Given by Mr. J. K. Alexander.
25 Dahlia roots, 11 varieties. yy exchange with Mr. Edwin Marquand.) 23 Dahlia roots, 19 varieties. (Given by Mr. H. McWhi
14 lia roots, 14 varieties. (Given b r r
11 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Mrs Stout.)
15 Dahlia roots, 5 varieties. (Given by Miss Annie Lorenz.)
7 Dahlia roots, 7 varieties. y exchange with Mr. is.)
. n.) 3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (By exchange with pee Ge of Ridg- wood, N. J. 3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. F. P. Quimby.) 28 Dahlia roots, 19 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. aide Smith.) 18 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Frank D. Pelicano & Co.) 2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. C. Frey.) 6 Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (By exchange with Mr. Robert B. Goeller.) i Pfluger.)
112 plants of Iris. (Given b: y Miss cae Sh eaee 303 plants of Iris. (Given by. Mr. John C. Wister.)
24
I See of Iris. (Given by Mr. F. H. ry) plant of Portulaca Piles le cted th a cee A.) i; lants of Cacti for conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, throug oO! 5 bu lbs a Validatiom tricoceum. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
ee source: Ss
26 ia of Iris. (Give n by Mrs. Kin ry.) (Gan . a a be Kinccdue: ) n.)
y Mr. D. 5S. mate) . (Given by Mr. oe Knapke.) n by Miss Grace Sturte nt.) 1 plant of Iris. (Given by Mrs. E. M. Sa ae pies Mrs. C. S. Me-
Kinney. 14 plants for nurseries. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.) 4 plants of Acer pennsyluanicum. (Collected a ne E. B. Southwick.) 10 plants of Cacti. ‘ollected by Dr. J. K. Sm 1 plant of Commelina. (Collected by Dr. F. Ww. Pemel 2 plants of Opuntia. (Collected by Mr. R. L ey.) 2 plants of Opuntia. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Rea i. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr
a
3 plants of Cacti
J. N. Rose.
6 orchid plants. (By exchange with U.S. Nat. Museum, through Mr. Wm. R. Maxon.
1 plant of Cereus. (Given b: E. W. Poole.)
1 plant of Iris. (Given by iy Cat oie 39 plants of Iris. (Given by Mr. C. H. Hall. 6 plants of Iris. (Given by Mr. J. T. Lov tt.) 57 plants of Zris. (Given by Mr. Willis E. Fryer.) 8 plants of Iris. (Given by Mrs. Ella F. Rockwell.) 15 plants of Zris. (Given by igs Nursery.
lants o} (Given by . E. M. Buechly.)
Fendall.
cine. (Given by Mrs. W. S. 4 plants from Pennsylvania. ea ee Dr. F. W. Pennell.) 1 plant of Lactnaria scariosa. (Collected by Mr. he Wilson.) 5 plants a Pennsylvania. — lected by Dr. J. K. Small.) fe (By exchange with A ce Nat. Museum
through Dr. J. N. Rose.)
5 bulbs for conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat, Museum, through Dr. J. N. e.
68 plants for conservatories. (By exchange with Prospect Park.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Fritz Achelis, Edward D. Adams, Charles B. Alexander,
ry Guggenheim,
J. Amory Haskell, TOA. ed i
A. Hec Henry de Bares Baldwin, Bernhard eee rc
Edmund L. Baylies, Prof. Charles P. Berkey:
Ge George S. etue er, Prof. N. L. Britton, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. C. F. Chandler, William G. Choate,
. W. A. Clar
Samuel P. Colt Edmund C. Converse, Marin Le Brun Cooper,
Glnvelund H. Dodge, Samuel W. Fairchild, William B. O. Field, James B. Ford, Henry W. de Forest, Robert W. de Forest, Prof. W. J. Gies, Daniel Guggenheim,
Members of the Women’s
Mrs. George A. hae
Mrs. Robert Bac
am Elizabeth Billings, s. N. L. Britton,
. Charles D. Dickey,
. A. Hutcheson, =. Walter Jennings,
er M. Huntington,
os Iselin, Dr. Walter B. James, Walter B. Jennings, Otto H. Kahn, Prof. James F. Kemp, Darwin P. pan Edw. V. Z. Lan Dr. Albert R. Tene Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Adolph Lewisohn,
enneth K. Mackenzie, V. Everit Macy, Edgar L. ee
Bien R. Newbold, . Norton Eben E. Olcott,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Charles MacVeagh,
Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. pel Pack,
Hon. Anning S. Prall,
harles d, Ogden Mills Reid, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. H. M. Richards, John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller,
. Emlen Roosevelt,
Prof. H. H. Rus Dr. Reginald H. eae Mortimer L. Schiff, Albert R. Shattuck, Henry A. Siebrecht, William Sloane, Valentine P. Snyder, James Speyer, Frederick Strauss, F. K. Sturgis, B. B. Thayer, Charles G. Thompson W. Boyce Thompson, Dr. W. ‘Gilman Thompson,
Grenville L. Winthrop.
Auxiliary
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
p iiitence Mrs. W. Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members i the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry ne Mrs. John I.
Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Miss Olivia ve P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs, F. F. Thompson.
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, ! Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members
1. Benefactors The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift: or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 2. Patrons The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by eift. or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden, 3. Fellows for Life The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 4. Fellowship Members Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. | 5. gapiloairi Members 4 Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become ~ fellows for life when their av aggregate $1000. 6. Annual Members Annual members pay an annual fee of All members are entitled to the following yevileees
Se 48 = re) a a co 7) Lag ° iS) = _ o ° or o = o 2) “3 o Be] i=} =) . Qa o a co ia o 2 e G 3.3 fe} o ao ct ct pak o “ay fo} & a. ° = B Q @ = a
¥ eran to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of : Manag A copy “ol ‘all handbooks arate A ee Garden. y annual report
Caleges pele 2 ° 2 ~ Pp
Privileges of the Board Room.
7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00. : eee
at 3 o’cloc Form of Bequest I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporalal under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of
Vol. XXII February, 1921 No. 254
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS
Old Trails and New Discoveries...... Recesy 1 The Preservation of Our Native Plants .............. cc ee ceeeeeeeeeeeee 40
rancis Lynde Stet: 44 METIVAETIGOHAMY FUTIGs foci ne cc cece sc cuteinenccscesecsecceduccsceass 45 Greenhouse Lectures 46 Conference Notes for January 47 Notes, News and Comment ABH AIE
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
AT8 LANCASTER, PA
INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFICERS, 1921 PrEsIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON EDWARD D. ADAMS VicE-PRESIDENTS { HENRY W. DEFOREST TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922 HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON
Term expires January, 1923
ee D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL R RT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924 N.L.B RITTON LEWIS Ba yon HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor oF THE City or New York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN Be SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS Hip R. A. HARPER, Chatrma
EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES ERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director Administration) DR. JOHN K. te we Head Curator of the Museums eve Plants)
PBR . A. DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plans) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Canes Flowe less ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, ripstop Assis PERCY WI LSON, Associate DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Assocs Cae GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator i! Plantations TOUT, Tirese of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY 1 BA egeitirney Bibliographer ARAH H Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Caran of the Economic Collections pELiZABETH G. BRITTON Honorary Curator of Mosses
R S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountan ARTHOR Hoe BETT, Superintendent of Buildings waa Gul ds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
a?
SN ee a ee ee ee el ee
Journat or THE New York Botanica, GARDEN PLATE 253
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII February, 1921 No. 254
OLD TRAILS AND NEW DISCOVERIES
A REcoRrD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN THE SPRING OF 1919
ih Plates 253 and 2. Exploration of new ad little-known ee of Florida which ad reatly enriched our knowledge of the Opuntiae there- abouts in t yeais, convinced the writer that there was also gs more to be learned in that State than was known prior t 8, conce ring ca the Cereus g
Honor on botanical exploration of Florida in the early months of 1919. We were enroute for Miami, Florida, the last week in April. rd; Vv
The season in the North was backward; but, even so, the shrubs and trees had begun to don g , either singly ore sse; various r-plants, both broad-leaved and
ponds and streams; and many flowers were in evidence all along the way 25
26
Among our native shrubs in bloom, the spice-bush (Benzoin) and the shad-bush (Amelanchier) were conspicuous, while the Ss wer
mon thalictroides) are ieee aie weeds that grew in
nd a e fen uth of Phi eens ia, oi renee com of Washington, rns appeared much more advance There, for several hundred miles, the Hen honeysuckle (Nintooa ceili was the naturalized plant m viden This often much-
a
these in the fall-line hills of Maryland was the calico-bush or
mountain-laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Although not in flower, the
numerous deep-green leaves, of the same fresh glossiness all de th Ww!
st iffe were g of the broad leaves so bright and, as one might say, joyous; rt
_ Wire pe ona earolings spring had progressed apace.
supported so copious a growth
of dandelions eens Torsacum that the myriads of flower pet
sed the ee of the small blue flower of the toad-flax (Linaria canadensis
27
Thus we took a fleeting wild-Alwer census: violets (Viola), dewberries (Rubus), phlox (Phlox), wild-strawberries (Fragaria), pitcher-plants (Sarracenia), fleabanes Sek hale Lecce (Utricularia), Virginia-cowslip (Mertensia), d (Sen- ecio), flags (Iris), beard-tongues (Pentstmon), ples igo (Bap- tusia). These were the more corispicuous. ut also the woods were gay with dogwood oe ee nied (Magnolia) and viburnums. Here, too, the gro ered, often by the acre, eee a oe white or sors eA usually not more
than a sts
a ‘ae of the South, the cultivated China berry aa — was in bloom; and curiously enough, several weeks r I found it in the same condition in tropical Key
est.
Nor r were the palms wanting in this plant panorama, once we were in South Carolina. First we saw palmetto (Serenoa serrulaia), then the blue-stem (Sabal Adansonii), and finally the cabbage-tree (Sabal Paimetto). With the exception of the
in the river s swamps 0 © bottoms, or the dry or ha dry plain between the river and the former banks of the , at ordi- nary low water, hickories (Hicoria), oaks (Quercus): gums (Nyssa), maples (Acer), and elms (Ulmus), as well as the cy- press (Taxodium), all develop: conical eae or buttresses, evi-
24
ntly so as to make a tem for anchorage in the end particularly i in seasons of high water. n depressions in the districts of little elevation,
Also, we oe groups of trees of the ee (Nyssa biflora) simi-
situations called cypress-ponds. The ponds with these dis-
28
tinctive groups of gum-trees may be called ‘“gum- -ponds.” An ost attractive spring is the ae wisteria Crh pine NS). vine that climbs into drooping citaee - eau \' blue flowers. This species and another, which o n the Mississippi Valley, are se only
representatives a ae genus in the New World. The other
species occur in eastern Asia ith rthern Florida, the chromatic scale and seasonal
in oO
ae ie “the flowers that bloom in t spring’ came to an The Florida flat-wood and the or plant-regions have we little to show, at a distance at ae with the changes
e. hed Miami during the a ae _ April. The eld.
io) = oO oO on a = oO Q 5 5 m @. > a iy a fa jy feb) t a oO a a 5 —. Loa oO @ a5
la building of the Plant Introduction Garden of the United See
mi. Experience : the field and information gathered from time to time indicated five promising regions in Florida for dis-
n Thousand Islands es Nee north; (4) the Upper Florida Keys; (5) the oe Florida We took the field ee inmedeel after reaching Miami, and ne our active field-day, both on land and on water, almost invariably lasted from sunrise to midnight MIAMI AND TERRA CEIA ISLAND We first set out for the mouth of the Manatee River, our
First, the pine- oweodé are dominant. Of course, creeks with es "ordering hammocks or prairies were crossed from time
29
Then, north of the settlement of Hallandale, the “scrub”
mi et, to urprise, among these hills, which attain
a ‘oacticrabie ee for that region, are situated a num
ber of large bole heads, some of which extend nearly or
characteristic tree of the ‘‘scrub” is the la Ley
S, coarse ad pe are associated with the shrubs, and vines t
laurels, is by far the most conspicuous. It commonly grows so luxuriantly oe it actually smothers the shrubs, sometimes over large area
In the marches among these dunes, and in and about t
toward dusk, so many little will-o’-the-wisps. It few sedges in which fertilization is pcr oo - ects
The old eetlenient of Jupiter, eighty-three miles north of Miami, was soon reached. There we had to decide whether we would strike out for the Okeechobee region over the ol Fort Bassinger trail which was used during the Seminole Wars,
30
or drive further north to Fort Pierce to enter the Okeechobee
r the ay . a few miles the ey = been improved
oo ee ore or less impro’ rade. We passed
beyond ie hg ae and the high ue ie ee. some oe with nis bordering hammocks
We now approached “Hungry Land? ” so-called, they say,
because a herd of stolen cattle were here penned up and allowed
tions were cypress-swa: pon ae prairies, and low pine woods.
The ut only to be so a fe days, as will be noticed on a pee age. Most of them, marvelously copious growth of the erect bladderwort (Stomoisia j A f
juncea). cre after acre was almost a pure growth of the ae inconspicuous in itself, but very conspicuous in such
ee phenomenon that attracted our eye particularly was the numerous small pine trees, two or three years old, springing
hammocks, geographically separates Hungry Land, which lies between it and the Atlantic Ocean, and the Allapattah Flats, which lie monn it and Lake Okeechobee.
31
We crossed the slough, which has lately been dredged as part of the Saint Lucie Canal, on a ferry, and entered the Alla-
‘em. thyme Gene mus), grass- pin an bbatia), asclepiads (As- i tori
continued to ris pine trees beca: ore ttered ek open stretches appeared, and, finally, the trail led out © an extensive prai Far t t vi
rie r to the we saw a long, ne tall hammock, but in this flat country one would hav almost sworn that this was a fg of hills We had not time to stop for examination of the flora of the prairie, but two shrubs were ae ularly noticeable. Parts
6 oO m ® a. a > 5 ® 5 "wo & ct a ce) - oO = peal Ee
westerly branch, as it seemed to lead toward the distant ham-
m though we had several times seen this hammock from es et ae ie had been in it, its eanel at this time On approaching it we saw that the
previously? ina orate foot cruiser how much everything had ae nged since that time! Instead of a natural beach close to a primeval hammock, we
' Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 15: 69-79. 1914.
32
found several hundred yards of exposed new weed- Sane ie nd as for
P late, or prone in the wholly or partly burned humus where once had thrived an aimee impenetrable mass of ferns anc
Six miles over the former lake-bottom and thro
ero ai the ened hammock brought us to een
City.
Early the following morning we set out for Bradentown h
which had borne the weak flower Is Seldom did the trail fail to yield terest bout pee to Fort Bassinger we passed a “ cypress- ses which
erved as rookery for a flock of wood-ibis, and m f these es 1 birds were roosting on the trees, atnne whiely hadows.
was midway to the Kissimmee River that growth of scat-
tered pine trees, small cabbage-tree ees s, and live-oaks appeared, albeit the land continued low. Further north there n extensive growt myrtle (Cerothamnus), gallberry (Ilex), heath (Xolisma), and sc ak (Ou 11 considerab. pproaching the e we found
e a Kissim: curious circular areas of saw-palmetto (Serenoa serrulata) and
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 21: 25-38, 45-54. 1920.
33
mall persimmon trees (Diospyros pein a groves of live- ae that looked almost like apple-orch The i i
(Panicum), pond- weeds (Potamogeton), naiads (Naias), and arrow- fibers (Sagittaria).
settlement of Baiseee lies east of the Kissimmee, while
Fort res proper, of Seminole War times, was on the western side of the river.
rossing the river west of Bassinger, we left the Okeechobee
about ten miles in diameter. We then bate pate Creek,
which anaes the lake of the same nam the Kissimmee River, and is apparently the only aie be re lake. It is Pie beautiful hammocks. e dense hammock about
gai andering ed soon led us to a most insignificant stream the bo
spparenty — stream proved to be the boundary be- pee distinct geological formations; for ae ae fal entered immediately a series of curious old sand-dunes wholly unlike the lands had left h nes ran in somewhat parallel ridges, now close together, again sep- arated by extensive ‘“‘parks’’; and the sand, alth now white and loose, supported a veritable flower garden. g
n gen- eral, the region forms a watershed, the streams on the eastern
1Diospyros Mosieri n.sp. Atree seldom as Sarge as D. virginiana or commonly shrub-like; differs from D. virginiona in the smaller flowers, ab a.
the stou ute r stamens, and the short, broad, id seeds. The e specimen
the Humbugus Prairie, west of Little River, Florida, in fruit, Wilk mall, C. A. Mosier, an mall, No. : July 8, 1915; in dead ripe | Tae ey C. A. Mosier, November 1917, and in
flower, by J. K. Small, April 1920.
34
side flowing into the ae eee those on the western side forming tributaries of the e River. Curiously enough, the backbone of this plateau s a chain = ae and small lakes on it, the net of several settlement:
After crossing a series of other ridges we came to Sebring. Thence we traveled northward on the plateau to Avon Park. Another leg of our course westward brought us into the valley of the Pease River at Zolfo Springs.
In the intervening country we found small forests of the persimmon in full flower. South of Zolfo Springs terrestrial v
: has and- li ke a eee g ye ellow flowers aoe petals do not at at
no bese a wild purple leather-flower (Viorna vispa). Following ae lee ‘southward for about twen
ee we arrived at Arcadia
Although we had trav led many miles to the west, we were still over forty miles in a bee-line from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Incidentally, the intervening country is essentially unsettled ae is accessible by a very poor trail.
We soon crossed the Pease River and once again struck into the anes Two settlements are on the trail between the Pease River and Sarasota on the Gulf, according to the map,
1 Alvan Wentworth Chapman (1809-1899) was a graduate of Amherst College who went to Georgia as a teacher, studied medicine there, and soon
afterward entered upon the practice of his profession in Florida. For more than half a century his home was at Apalachicola, wher died in his nine- tieth year. His “Flora of the Southern United States," first published in
1860, oe running through eeveral editions, 1 sisbe for nearly only manual o LEY een
fifty years the JouHNn HEND-
35
but these are barely visible to the naked eye. The region is i ide
rough. At ma lias 6 use the language of the country, our motor aang erful weak.” Still, we did manage to crawl a ig res was comin
to the country. Perhaps the branch would lead back into the main trail, as sgn es often do. We continued i. c k, b stars Ss wer tars we could tell that
would id us there But our lights— ala!—merely sca a forest fire
The fire was extensive. It had curiously run into about a dozen lines, and each of these lines ae oe trail with a hurdle of flam ut not, or would not, turn back. We
‘ we could n took some photographs, then beat out enough of the flame to make a safe passage for our extra supply of gasoline, and went ahead. Several miles of meandering through the dark sae ap ak
us eventually back into the main trail, and t n due other and less sinister nai appeared An ad. es a were ie lights of Sarasota. After that, plain sailing, the highway to
Manatee, another’s hour’s run, and we were in eas town, our objective. An eleven o'clock supper, then According to prearranged plans, the lowing a morning found a motor boat ready to carry us to McGills Bay and Terra Ceia Island. Before we started we were joined by Mr. Alfred Cuth- bert, who generously entertained us during our stay in that art of the country.
36
Cactus plants, an abundance of prickly- Sea oe — lenit and O. austrina), came into evidence as s
e e lan on Terra Ceia Island, but these were not srr we ds While wandering about in the woods w abin, and a girl who lived there said she thought we would find other
Al
ae bee up the shore.
past the ‘dead bodies” in . trail! We followed. The bodies
were ae sure enough, but only skeletons, happily. They
were the fossil remains : aboriines dug from a shell midden making a drainage dit
"Terra Ceia Island eel is a Mea kitchen-midden, or ancient
e former inhabitants with hells.
Man
bert’s house, the festive board from six o'clock till midnight, uate, before which the bud opened and we secured a description of the flower. M ely than in any of the ot
ther Flo ide species, the flower-limb resembles the ex- panded flower of a water-lily.
1 This cies was named for the prehistoric inhabitants i nae aa Harrisia ee ae and published in THE CactTacEAr 2:
pe Aq F Y ey 41 Aq aSNSIp 41dYy} adUIG “AW, Jo SseUI PI[OS B OFUT anpisax ayy peajeiou0S syuauaya oy} jo uorae aq} pue sq}ays ayy pauing suorjeisued jo sory snonuljuo7) “Zuryeuw- pror Joy perowias sem ‘saulsioge ay} JO suojaays [ISSO} pue s[jays Ajureul ‘feayeUI asoo] ayy, ‘aIe{d-a1y ay} JO sUTeLAI ay} ‘x01 ay} Jo do} ayj se (Jaa} Ino}; ynoqe) YSTY se seM UAaPpItU-uaYyIITy ay} Jo aoepANS [eUIsIO BY “punos3yoeq ur yoouwey esuap ‘punoss210} ul sauyaisoge ay} jo aovjd-any ‘alysyuYyRsoojes ay} Jo YJNOow ye eoUIg] EJUNG UC
Sz divIg NAGAV.) IVIINVLOG AHO MAIN ABL 40 TvNANO[
37
A botanical survey of Terra Ceia Island would doubtless rove interesting in other respects. Its flora has more tropical
s e cane (Pithecolobium), the wild-lime (4Zan- he ( the OH pee a lready and other spiny plants ble.
Having accomplished our purpose we set out for ena: Miami, early the fol eee morning. Instead of returning b the route we had just been over, however, we set th in th
for our selection of this route was a possible ae 2 the fern- grotto described in a former paper,! and whic’ ould have an interesting spring flora, besides being a paeeis fernery.
forced us to abandon this itinerary. Somewhat discouraged, we turned back and started through the southern end of the lake region.
West of Plant City we ee several ridges of ‘‘scrub.” East of it were hammocks with oaks (Quercus), hickories (Hic- = and red-gum a. aa developed. Of e, there were pine woods and a mixture of pine woods and a
Evening found us again at Avon Park, which is situated in a very eae floral region. One locality just west of the town attracted our attention
Op ya largest-flowered papaw a nies obovaia). The Bi eae me were, moreover, in places yellow with the numerous flowers of a rare false-indigo (Baptisia LeContet).
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Gardea 21: 25-38, 45-54. 1920.
38
The following morning we continued our journey eastward
‘as no s of such dunes, but the eeeieal pine (Pinus palustris). The
broad-lea trees were mostly represented by the turkey-oak (Quercus Catesbaei) and a kind of hic (Hicoria). Shrubs than trees, both in kinds and quantity
this ego mentioned the scrub-plum (Prunus
inch. ants were not wantin Th were not only
One ea caleny attractive new species of uncertain acer ship, with the habit of a yellow-flax (Cathartolinum), w abun- d ‘
a a has already been made! was found with both flowers and ripe fruits. It belongs to the knotweed family and is related to the genera Polygonella and Thysaneltla. xaminations of those ancient dunes at successive seasons end ee yield additional aaa for the seasonal
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 21: 48. 1920.
39
periods of the plants, particularly annuals, under the desert
s t (Tradescantia), perhaps new, s e men- tione on accou delicious violet-fragrance of its bright- a e@ ower I s abundant he high pinel Leaving the sa d ridg d continuing eastward we were soon — the Istokpoga prairie. And here, in one low plac e found a veritable orchid garden. Two terrestrial
or ae a snake mouth (Pogonia) and a grass-pink (Limodorum) grew amidst the low fa in countless thousands. Fire! Fi Fir
This word mig! e Ce scores of times during a day’s travel in southern Florida. In nearly every direction one i On thi
turns clouds of smoke go rolling s ard s occasion nearly the whole Istokpoga prairie was on far he southeast continuous cloud of smoke from the delta
e Kissimmee Ri eful story, for the hammock
and humus there has lace burning for years, the heaviest rains gia Laan to baie it
Obs on the icaiminee flats shows the, herbaceous
$
the ground, and a | to account for the condition However, a little observation soon solved the problem e ca fo) e region, being unable rid themselves of flies collected on their sides out of reach bes tail or Ai ae around the c e trees scraping their sides against the ro trunk, thus getting rid of the flies, ne ae wearing oe tree away.
As the afternoon was well spent, we hurried across the prairie to the head of Lake Okeechobee, thence down the eastern shore e sun set, and out on the prairie east of the ie just before
Jupiter we saw no signs of a human being except the ferry-
40
man at the Saint Lucie glough, the lights of a few lone houses
midnight and spent the Marner of oe ae there. Early the following forenoon found us in Mia
(To be continued)
THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE PLANTS
The income from the Stokes’ Fund for the investigation and preservation of our native plants has not been used since 1916 for any further publication of colored plates, prices of printing
tions ready to aa of the Canada Lily, Cardinal Flower, Holly, and Rhododen
But the time has not been lost, for we have added greatly to our collection of colored lantern slides, notably by the pur- chase of a beautiful set from the J. Horace McFarland Com-
Clubs, two of whos Bae re: “‘to aid in the protection of nting.”
To tons and pledee oo. and a number a ie oe
partment. Two leaflets have so far been issued: number 1,
41
n ‘State pe ee Parks,” being an account of an inter- C. Cowles, Professor of Plant Ecology of the
view with H Wild Flower Preservation
les, Chicago cane President of member
mi all the States of the Union and British i with sevens in Entomology, Ornithology,
Fisheries and Grazing. Having served se as Secretary-Treasurer of the Wild Flower ears
Preservation Society, for several s, the correspondence has been 1: r less similar, with numerous requests for information, literature and help. We feel greatly encour- aged by the a tive Chapter has been founded in
ae bs Chicago and its vicinity, in ing Botanical Club and Audubon Secices by holding annual exhibits covering hi
n to be interested in all of them! They also give Summer Fétes
for the chile In Was ns ‘on, where some of our earliest work was done, ey have eee and are planning for Arbor Day work this year. ave issued circulars to teachers for use on rbor D: a e gi lectures and exhibits
a ee campaign in the newspapers of the District of Co- lum We “have Associate Clubs and members in each of the follow- ing states: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District ot Columbia, geie Rae ane: Illinois, Indi- ana, Ohio, Wisconsin, Min ‘a, Michigan, Colorado, Cali- d oe ee We are also a e’Mountaineering Club of America and receive many of the publications of the Associated Clubs.
42
Our President, Dr. Cowles, has been a delegate to the Na- tional Parks Convention at Madison, Wisconsin, January 11 and 12, where he represented the Wild Flower Preservation
includin: cts, an mmals quence of the reappearance of vege n in devastated regions, and the pres- ion of n conditions for both animals and plants. They include ong their members: Zoologists, Botanists, Entomologists, Torsone Geographers, Plant Pathologists and Naturalists. We have also had some correspondence and eachange of
ru . the Survey of the Union of South African States is fostering an interest in their native plants in order to encourage their pres- ervation and cultivation! The National Geographic ae pe published forty-four of Miss Eaton’s exquisite colored plates of native and eee plants and an account, also ene in colors, of the S
“Gi _ on the Taming of the Wild Blueberry, both of great in-
Eee Comstock Publishing Company of Ithaca, New Yo f tw
fe} =3 a @ 5 a ° 5 a
Young n’s an oung Women’s c hristian Associations, and to codperate with
43
the Audubon Society in trying to teach oe children to love the birds and wild flowers and to help preserve them, and by means of poems, drawings and ieee lessons they are be-
ing its first public meeting at the American Museum of Natural pee on February e have lectured ead sent pledges, buttons and the Stokes’ 0
Oregon leads with over eine acres and yet Oregon in a refer- j e ou r
duotone raphs wi of Wild Flowers. The illustrations were done by the De Vinne Press of New York and are exquisite examples of fine repro- duction. e importance of many native plants as food for birds and their relation to insects and agriculture has not been over-
,
44
looked, and Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, of the American Museum of Natural History, delivered a lecture here a on
ay 18, nigia and is preparing a leaflet for publication on this t so given a well-illu se lecture on the rela-
opic e has als tion ee ort to rainfall and water su
man Taylor, of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, whose ae ‘owed of the local flora is of great value, has also
. Durant, who is associated with Mr. Gillette, will tell us how to transplant and grow the wild flowers successfully.
n New York State, has become a Life Member of the Society, and two of our annual meetings have been held in conjunction with theirs, our State Botanist, Dr. Homer D. House, having addressed us last year and exhibited the colored plates from the Wild Flowers of the State, recently publishe Dr. House has been exerting his influence at Abas and thigughout the
it n of the H gu
Fern at Syracuse, and in codperation with the Syracuse Bo- tanical Club and the Ecological Society of America, has suc- ceeded in having set aside the Station at Green Pond as a State Park
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City
FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
Francis Lynde Stetson, a mem mber of the Board of Managers
New York City on December 5, 1920, ira a prolonged illness. He was in the seventy-fifth year of his a:
Throughout his association with the ere he was active in its behalf, serving nearly continuously as a member of the Executive Committee and for a series of years as its legal ad-
45
He was keenly interested in 1 alll phases of its work, more
nature-lover. s large estate at Skylands, in nor Ne Jersey, his summer home, gave him great pleasure, providing space for the planting and cultivation of a notewort ollec-
Hon of ay and shrubs, with vegetable and flower gardens ae perations, together with sl access to larg areas of forests, “felds and meadows, and he took keen del light
his advice has b2en of aes Hes to nae institution. His vices to botanical science comme ted by the genus Stetsonia, a Ree and charastrs oo of the Argentina Republic, named in his hon
solved, es at the “ate of the New York Botanical Garden deeply mourn the loss of an esteemed and beloved
ate. - solved, That the foregoing preamble and resolution be red on the minutes, and that a copy be transmitted to
te ee family. d by the Board of Managers of the New York Bo-
tanical Garden January 10, 1921 N. L. Britton, Secretary
FANNY BRIDGHAM FUND Garden has recently received a legacy of $30,000 from the executors of the will of the late Mrs. Samuel Bridgham. At the annual meeting of the Board of Managers on January Io, 1921, the following ane were adopted: Resolved, That the legacy of #30, 000 received from the estate of Mrs. Fanny Bridgham be designated a permanent fund anny ape and i come be used, after investment, for the purchase and binding oe nei Jor the library unless otherwise ordered by the Heard
46
Resolved, That the managers gratefully receive the generous gift of Mrs. Bridgham and that the Paes r-in-Chief is et eed to express their eae of the gift to Mes Cad-
walader, Wickersham & Taft, with ie ae that nena com- amiee these resolutions to Mrs. John Innes Wane, sister of Mrs. Bridgham
The following letter was received from Mrs. Kane:
anuary 20, 1921.
My dear Dr. Britt
Mee Cadwala ae Wickersham and Taft have communi- cated to me the resolutions adopted by the ee of Managers of the New York Botanical Gar apne concerning the legacy left to the ‘‘Garden”’ by my sister, Mrs. Br oe ham
Will you oy express as the Board m appreciation of these kind resolutions and my gratification Thee it has seen fit to ie me legacy as a Peaiate und.
Very sincerely yours, (Signed) Annie C. KANE.
The income of this fund will aid greatly in the building up of the library.
Mr. Samuel Bridgham, who died some years ago, was a bo- tanical artist of distinction. He made many drawings for the late Professor W. G. Farlow, of Harvard University, and many for “Illustrated Flora of the Northern States se Canada.”
L. Britton
GREENHOUSE LECTURES MARCH AND APRIL, 1921 The regular public lectures m the Central Display Green- house, Conserv. Me ange 2, will be given this spring at 3:15 o'clock on Sunday afternoons, instead of on Saturdays as here- tofore. oo plants will be used in illustration. Dr. Rusby
ro
of plants, some of which are of immense ee econom-
ically.
March 20—“‘South American Drug Plants,” Dr. H. H. Rusby.
March are he and How to Force Them for the Home,” . A. How
47
April 3—‘‘Fiber Plants,” Dr. A. B. Sto April 1o—" Milk-trees and Other Lactterou Plants,’ Dr. urrill April eae ‘Air Pla ants,’ Dr. H. A. Gleason. April 24—Desert Plants,” Mr. G. V. Nash. Conservator ange 2 is situated at the eastern side . the Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue entrance
on the White Plains Extension of the Subway from East 180th Street. Visitors coming by train to nae Garden Station should inquire at the Museum Buildin
W. A. MurRRILL
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR JANUARY
egulai1 monthly conference of the scientific an Pe of the Garden was held on the afternoon of Jan 1921. Brief re ae were made by Dr. H. A. Gleason, Dr J.H Barnhart, Dr. Michael Levine and Professor R. A. Harper rewarding matters 7 botanical interest at or in with the annual session of the A. ‘ Mr. G. T. Hastings gave a very interesting report on ay cession of Algae in the Grassy Sprain Reservoir,’”’ an
acc of ee ae by Mr. Hastings, will appear later in ae Jour.
A.B. T, Secretary of Z eae
48
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT , Director of the Botanical Gardens of Har-
es University, ee recently published the sixth fascicle of his e Illustrations a: u the Fa ceae,”” has presented a is important work to our library,
they were published during the past few years. This fascicle contains two papers, the one on the Orchids : Mount Kinabalu,
British North Borneo, in the writing of which Mr. Ames has been assisted by Mr. Charles Sceinth the other is the seventh contribution by Mr. Am n Philippine a
part of the fascicle on Philippine orchids is also published as a separate in twenty-five copies, one of which Mr. Ames has aad ee to the library of the Garden
Ove 0 biol: pupils from Morris High School spent the cists a a. 18 at the Garden studying the museum and living plant collections under the guidance of their teachers
and mem! a They also heard a lecture on ila given by M
About 200 biology apis fom Evander Child’s High School visited the Garden on January 20 to study the plants in the Conservatories, the trees in their winter conditions, and certain economic plant products in the Museum. Mr. George Hastings delivered an address on forestry in the public iecture hall, which was much appreciated both by the pupils and their teachers. Members of the Garden staff acted as guides and instructors.
Meteorology for January—The total nig ae for the month was 2.39 inches, of which 0.20 inches (two inches by ow measurement) fell as snow. Th ximum temperatures
The minimum: te SMpEraeutes were: 20° on the 7th, 18° on the 13th, 4° on the rgth, and 5° on the 25th
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenhei Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, ee se Auchincloss, ‘. Amory Haskell, aker, TAG a
Sten Ba ker, A. Heckscher
Henry de Forest Baldwin, etal Hoiace Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin,
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, oe Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn,
George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. N L. Britt Darwin P. Kingsley,
Prof. Edw. S. sired Edw. V. Z. Lane, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, V. Everit Macy, i Edgar L. Marston, Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson,
Edmund C. Converse, George McAneny, Marin Le Brun Cooper, aa McMillin,
Paul a Cravath, ir. Walter Mendeicen: Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, an L. Merrill, Bea H. Dodge, Ogden Mills,
Samuel W. Fairchild, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, William B. O. Field, J. Pierpont Morgan, James B. Ford, Dr. Lewi i Henry W. de Forest, Frederic R. Newbold, Robert W. de Forest, C. D. Norton,
Gies, Eben E. Olcott, Daniel Guggenheim,
Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Phipps, F. R. Pierson, James R. Pitcher, Ira A. Place Hon. Anning S. Prall, Charles F. Rand, Ogden Mills Reid, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. H. M. Richards, John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller,
. Emlen Roosevelt, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Dr. Reginald H. ae
ff
Valentine P. Stvtleg
James Speyer,
Frederick Strauss, Sturgis,
B. B. Thayer,
Charles G. Thompson,
W. Boyce Thompson,
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean,
Miss Elizabeth Billings, cn Gustav E. Kissel, Britton, A. Low
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, i a. acVeah
Mrs, A. Barton aay Mrs. V.
Mrs. Robert C. H Mrs. Henry ts ley
Mrs. Wm. A. es. Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. George D. Pratt, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. Cabot Ward
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
E. Henry ae Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, de John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs. F. F. Thompson.
PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Botanical Garden
urnal of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, ching contain ng iltek news, and non-technical articles of general interest. Free to all members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a cop Py 1.00 a year. [Not pone rede in ex- ge.] Now in its twenty-second volum ae Rear ey lastrated in ne nd otherwise; apbae to fungi, including | Pa a aining technical articles and news and notes of es interest, nd be ae Brent Anercas Mycological literature. ne single eel nue Mes sale. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in its thirtecatll
nia, quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates pais ied by siculeay description s of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, t hire in each volume. Pu anen price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in onto Now in its sixth v Bulletin of the sts York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports o! the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and technical articles em- poe results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all ee the Ga ie n; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its tenth ere n Flora. Descriptions of the sats peat of North Ameria, inc! Age Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. Planned to be completed in 34 volumes. i . 8vo. Each volu ‘es to consist of four or more parts. Subscription Pa $1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for se oo each. [Not offered in panne .] ol. 3, ait a: Nees ee riaceae. I, ice 06; pi , 1907; part 3, anes parts 4 and 5, 1920; part 6, 1921. eereieea allay pias 2 L,| pars). (Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold Ben ely.) 9 (now complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae (oa) ee I-3 no longer sold separately.) Vol. 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. ipoceirea® (ee! (pars).
V ay arts I and 2, 1913. Sp e—Leuc Vol. 16, Bate i I Ophicglomarey ae te e (pars ny Vol. 17, p , 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhaceae—Poaceae (pars).
sa 21) aes a 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allionia-
cea' Vo ]. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. Podostemonaceae—Rosac . 24, part I, 1919; ae 2, 1920. delat (pars). Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, pee ‘Geraniaceae “Burst
Vol. 34, part I, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae. i New York Botanical Garden. Price to CER eat the Garden,
stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 ag with detailed map. 1900. Vol. I. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Develop-
D. 3.
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreis cherville, New York, by A. Hollick and E. C. Jeffrey. viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 1909.
Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays of ee on Paes by Charles Stuart Gager. ue it a8 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plate
1. V. Flora of the Vicinity of New Yorks fi peta to Plant Geog-
] 4 Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Calcbration of the Twennele Anniversary of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many
Contributions from the New York angina Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members of the staff, ne rere from journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 volume. In the ninth NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Bronx Park, New York City
¥
Vol. XXil March, 1921 No. 255
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS PAGE Old Trails and New Discoveries 49 Succession of Algae in the Grassy Sprain Reservoir 64 Notes, News and Comment 66 Accessions 68
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN K L
ANCASTER, PA,
AT8 INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFIOERS, 1921 PRESIDENT—W. see th eee ON E D D. ADAMS VICE-PRESIDENTS { sate W. DEFOREST TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
a ae MANAGERS m. expires pees 1922
HENRY 2 ee antaatik MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVATH ADO. SEH aie SOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPS Term expires January, EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires January, 1924 N. L. BRITTON LEWIS Sa eet ie HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEW. W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON.
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE Mae OF THE City or NEw YorK HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN he SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS ERO: R. A. HARPER, Chairma’
EUGENE P. BICKNEL PROF. FREDERIC S Le DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J.G PROF. HERBERT M. Ce PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSB
GARDEN STAFF
DR. N. Pe re Praia in Chief (Development, Administration) A. GLEASON, Assistant Director ‘Administration) DR. JOHN K “SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) R. W. A. MURRILL, Supervisor of Public Instruction OBR P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants) DR. Recah HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants) R. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative A ssistai E LSON, Associate Curator NCIS W. ee Associate Cura and Curator of Plontadions TOUT, Bic of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer RAH H. HARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RU SBY Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections anne BETH G. BRITTON Honorary Curator of Mosses
ountant ARTHUR J. CO RBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
Sz aLvIg NaquVy TWOINVLOG WHOA MAN S3HL JO ‘TwNanof
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII March, 1921 No. 255
OLD TRAILS AND NEW DISCOVERIES WITH PLATES — AND 256 (Continued) Fiorma Keys Two days later we set out for another cactus ae ages the Florida Keys. The Hredaat ae started for Key West on Monday morning, and the writer left Miami ey illewine
ner aduc different keys: oo oon nae ieee sand-spurs
e d : century-plants (Agave), both of native kinds and introduced, were in flower a feature which gave, especially to Key Vaca
Pp Cactus-hunting interested Mr. Cuthbert so fuels that ac- cording to prearranged plans he joined us at Key West in order to make the cruise through the Keys to Miami.
49
50
We spent a day searching all parts of Key West for cacti.
Prickly-pears were abundant, of course, and we found plenty of the pera described ae zebrina, which was collected on is s
end of t oe ; but the main object of our search, a prickly- en e Cars, sae to appear anywhere. After gathering cella specimens we gave up our search there
ig Pi ion. A stro prevented us from taking the outside or more direct course.
curve around a labyrinth of small islands on the inner side of the reef. After bucking a bad sea for sev-
and found our way into Big Spanish Channel, whence we picked our way gradually southward between No Name Key and Big Pine Key.
Inquiries at the settlement on Big Pine for the locations
n
el failed to disclose any cacti, slates except prickly-
We did find, though, a shrub new for Florida. This
was a kind of candle-wood, Dodonaea pie a plant
first found on Hispaniola, and not previously known this side of the Gulf Stream.
Failing of our object there, we retraced our course to the settlement, where we made a search of several remnants of hammocks, but the search was wholly barren of results so far as cacti were concerned.
owever, at last we heard of a hammock near the south- ee tip of the key which, so they said, hunters shunned
51
“because cacti grew so thickly bee ae dogs couldn’t get through.” We at once returned t “Barbee’’ and moved
But most plein: to aa was that plant we parciculidy oe a fae of Har Not many years ago ce six kinds of cacti were recorded from all 1 Florida, or, in fact, from all the Southern States; but d
co. mon plants in tropical and subtropical Florida; nae keyensis, C. Deeringii, Harrisia sp.?, and Opuntia sp.?, rep- €
but c showed it to be a new species of a group of the genus Opuntia, the Semaphores, none of which had previously been found this side . the Gulf Stream.
st re gue tural cactus-garden east of the west-
ry any times for furnishing or arcoal, charcoal burning having in progress there for perhaps hal tu his is doubtless the hammock whe -
co) ett! aad others in the earlier half of the last century collected
1 John Loomis ane t (1809-1853) was born at South Amherst, Massa- chats ae ied medicine at Pittsfield. After a brief residence in the gulf stat ere ae ears in Liberia, he settled at Key West, where he spent
shai aie en years as physician and druggist. He was the first to make mportant botanical collections on the lower Florida keys.—Joun HENDLEY eee
52
several typically West Indian shrubs that have not been found Flo I
in rida since. In fact, our incursion into that hammock was perhaps the ae - its kind i than three-quarters of a century. It is hoped to ihe an ene survey of that
locality for plants one than cacti. his locality proved extremely interesting, not only from a botanical standpoint, but also from that of geology. Al-
Keys and Loggerhead Key also, with an east- -west long a>is, will apices be found to be of coral rock, instead of limestone
Key on the east and Little Pine Key a fe)
west, but an east-west line, from a point between Bahia Honda Key on the sout d a ey on the north, running across the isthmus south of the limestone or pineclad part of Bi Ki south, an ne ke the north. Thus, instead of a ti © groups
they approach each o
41 Since this paper was in type, the writer found tt i at the southern end of Big Pine Key and on one of the Newfound Harbor Keys, as stated above, were recorded - Samuel Sanford in a paper on “The Topography and Geolo; Southern Florida,”’ published in the Second Annual Report of the Florida State Geological Survey.
53
g the interesting phenomena at this meeting point of ock and th hey ar
the Sete k a: e odlitic limestone—and too numerous to record in this paper—ma men eee the inter- mingling of the two tree-cacti of the East. In spite of the devastation of half a century, we found many fine trees of the
ee-cactus (Cephalocereus keyensis) formerly known only fro: e , and report rom Chica K nd
West Deering tree-cactus (Cephalocereus Deeringit), heretofore known only from coral-rock on Umbrella Key and the Matecumbe ‘cati
Having secured the desired specimens, we set out in the evening for Madeira B: We ran over ws reef outside as far s we into the Bay
hae rather low sand-dune. On i .<) tem s may be n abundance that are not known to gro’ where this = the Gulf Stream. One of these is a ae branched
tive of, but more diminutive in every way than the ity then
bby, most conspicuous objects in the landscape. After getting under way again, the east wind freshened and we decided as far as Bamboo Key and anchor for the
took to be
mboo Key turned out to be Channel Key, at least six miles
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 198. 1916; 18: 199-203. 1917.
54
beyond Bamboo Key; for unsuspectingly, in attempting to run in behind the island, we piled up on a shallow sand-bar, nothing the like of which is about Bamboo Key. By reversing the engine at once we pulled the boat off without delay. Bamboo Key is so low and devoid of hammock! that we had evidently passed it unobserved in the dark.
We had made better time than we suspected, owing doubtless to the increased power of the motor, as a result of the damper air of the night; but our Bahamian crew insisted that it was due to the fact that ‘water is always thinner at night than in the
me!
Having passed our proposed anchorage, we decided to keep
oing until we reached Long Key, about five miles distant. By
successfully locating the stakes of a channel through some
shallow banks and keeping well to the north of some wreckage
with which we were acquainted, we soon reached the anchorage. resum r journey and called Li
Madeira Ham During the preceding evening thun
and wi at
during the following day was ate ionally clear oe extremely
bright. It was impossible to locate the horizon, and small keys
in the distance seemed to at oo above the water, thus n
Madeira have experiences there with some branch of the animal king- dom—sometimes with eee often with yellow-jackets, oftener yet with mosquitoes. On this occasion one member of our party was enabled to study wasps at close range. He col- lided with a nest. In addition, the horse-fly season was on in southern Florida. Although we had met with only a few flies
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 18: 107. 1917.
55
in the hammock, when we returned to the “Barbee” the cabin was swarming with them, and we were well on our way before
The After barat Pig Key we spent the evening hunting or untin: S rri f we did t
Thus, after negotiating one channel after ther, fo) anchor at midnight in Black Water Sound, about a mile west of Snake Point and Jewfish Creek i ind in favor we hoped to get a few hours of uninterrupted sleep safe from the attack of mosquitoes. Our hopes were realized—for two hours. Then all on board awoke at the same time, fighting f The mosquitoes had ‘‘boarded”’ us in a clo’ e
or lif : battle lasted an hour. Then, suddenly, the mosquitoes had
daw Whence those mosquitoes came and whither they went is stil a myster The sun ine on Barnes Sound found us on the last leg of our cruise, which terminated in the early afternoon at Miami, here we disembarked and cared for the collections.
MIAMI AND Marco IsLanD
After an interval of thre e days, which was devoted mainly to local investigations in the vicinity of Miami and in cactus u
studies at na Vista, a third extensive excursion, agai , Was inaugur The country fro h of the Caloosahatche the Ten Thousand Islands was our s
0 aa field. Our route was the same as that of the excursion the Manatee region as far as Okeechobee City. Two weeks ia ag iis and the season had advanced. The two'conspicuous and strongly contrasted plants of the
arly a or grayish-white. In the rocky pinelands of the Everglade Keys the leaves are either green or grayish-white, while in the
56
andy pine woods and hammocks in other parts of the state
are typically green. The palm plants of the are typically more robust than ee of other localities. The reason for these variations presents a problem for some one to
olve. The beautiful, not to say elegant , tar-flower or fly-catcher
lacking color, was conspicuous on ac abit, sug- gesting so ae tiny es scattered over the prairie it we t for numerous s
The land on the ence side of Hungry Land slough, the geen Flats, is somewhat less depressed and less depress- is eed 1Dy few — people, but by the Seminoles
in , as we discovered by Suoiais Since our recent journey vee that land, heavy rains had sub- merged parts of the trail. At one submerged Bone where the trail forked we inadvertently took the left-hand branch instead a
taken course and hastened on hough the ieee. “Sem: inole for alligator) Flats. Plant life was represented in many interesting ways. How. ever, two phenomena were particularly impressed on the writer: he often extensive turf formed of a sedge (Eleocharis) and the
57
brilliant yellow of a Saint John’s-wort ee aspala- thoides), which, when the numerous flowers w in large masses, e:
airies a maze of cattle = etwe nd among myriads of large broom-like clum of a stiff grass eae Bakeri) and peculiar circular erie of the saw-palmetto. The latter plant was then in flower nearly ia and i violet-scented fragrance of its flowers filled the
Ate crossing the Kissimmee at Cabbage Bluff we headed southwest for the Caloosahatchee. There were n
made roads as far as Fishe t
but when it is disturbed so as to make a roadbed, it soon be- comes practically ae until it is surfaced with some material.
cross the great palmetto prairie we presently pene- te na a the most remarkable growth of cabbage-trees (Sabal Palmetto) in existence. This palm grow or in groups of dozens, hundreds, and thousands, ae groves pocune to val ese of all other trees. The magnitude of the wth wi impressive and often most etey 1.
we averted a head-on collision. We even stopped for a nn visit a hia we separated Billy a us to call at his
at the e time explaining to us how nd it ED ee Ge trail es a ieee hammock, on our on rn tri
By the time ie iene ieee Creek it was dark, and cloudy as well ssed the creek and found the trail jeading to the pena ee When about half-way to the
58
river we lost the trail, eee and later when the clouds cleared he ted that oO
the stars indica were traveling through the op
pine woods towards the ee instead of on the prairie to the southwest. Several lights a red far ahead, so we has- tened towa Fane settlement to in e concerning our whereabouts. e came near the lights, instead of houses we found sol urni tumps, remains yet another forest fire. Consequently, the only alternative was to double our course il we recovered the trail is done, we made the Caloosahatchee i time, crossed it aBelle an
followed it ort Myers, reaching our destination just before midnig Ne had covered the distance from Miami in about
fifteen feds: including time for lunch and that consumed in twice losing the trail. next morning we set out for our most distant objective,
several streams, whose bordering hammocks would also doubt-
less prove to be interesting ieee grounds, we came to the
oon of Naples, a town which is built on a spur of the
“scrub,” that here abuts directly on the Gulf of Mexico. ace d
ern known limit of the ‘‘scrub’’ on the western side of Florida. The “scrub” thus aa about equally as far south on the west ba as on the east.
The higher land ee rapidly fell away and gave place to to extensive salt marshes or prairies, where the more conspicuou vegetation was ae up of the cabbage-tree (Sabai pen the saw-palmetto (Serenoa serrulata), and buttonwood (Cono- carpus erecta), i of which, or particularly the two palms,
59
oe equally ig under the influence of salt water or fresh als e
and also ither land or dry. Finally, came ae aon of ine settlement of Marco, fifty-odd a ne ort Myers, where ite now engage the
e race is ng same pursuit that its prehistoric red race followed, sseaely, the oyster and clam business.
After arousing some of the inhabitants sufficiently to en-
mpleted, we recrossed the sound and began to retrace our course northwar ard luck had evidently overtaken us at las An anticipated visit to the Royal Palm eae of the Ro o di m
repeatedly ‘“‘bogging”’ in the rail on the one
nd n the soft mud of the adjacent prairies on the other, we sought the main trail and set out for Fort My Her- barium specimens ae fest from the different plant asso- ciations, But the rub’ was negatively interesting, that is, the season seemed he ee very uae ard and very few plants were in , one notable shrub, a kind of lead- plant, an reaps oe of Amorpha, wa: oe in full bloom. lant was quite ape both in the matter of foliage ae sr ie scence, and, curiously eno
eh. t see to be most ase related to the lends oak (Amorbha es of the w n plains.
The folle ita morning we drove to Punta Rassa, which is situated at the mouth of the iaaiaa ae With the co- operation of sere fishermen, we were able to visit a number of islands at the mouth of the pa At Punta Blanca, at the mouth of the Caloosahatchee, the most likely place for the occurrence of Harrisia, we failed in our search, although the
60
plant was said to grow there formerly. Many of the plants usually associated with Harrisia were cag nt, and several other i i 1. How loc: e
I kin acti were plentifu ever, the lity proved very interesting historically as well as botanically nfortu- nately, mos hammock had been destroyed by t
long digging away of the shells of the once evidently important kitchen-midden. The shells and numerous human remains had been and are ney age carried away for making roads in the vicinity of For This a. rd oF shores of other estuaries, was probably ri
as prisoners for a century, at least, an expedition of Caribs from the West a in search of a fountain of youth. They were maintained as a separate settlement. It may be that the Big Cypress Seicle (Creeks) have the blood of the old Calusas and Caribs in their veins. The most interesting object at Punta Blanca was the old tha
fire-place and perhaps also sacrificial altar of the Calusas, for human sacrifice is said to have been practice he c ant fires burn a cumulated s) ells into a solid me,
built higher. When the ele in recent time were removed for
t But to pass from more ancient history to m One of our fisherman navigators related to us the focal interprets tion and belief regarding the occurrence of the human kee in the shell heaps at Punta Blanca. The story runs as follow In the early part of the last century a vessel bringing a iaiee
bered, for giant cockroaches, big spiders, and scorpions played hide-and-seek over the bed ‘ill daylight. Dawn was welcome
cage, eppee Saeey 4: uy [estacty odds SUF JU YIMUsS ALIULIEU BYF BION “SNOTGIYG sure ‘aie “Apuanbasuos s201} yse 3y. L “Te0A ay} jo wed 3 jo yidap 94) 03 31 UT spueys Joyem ‘mou
uaAq paq oy ] 243) vay ‘Apuap
*1Aa SEA ‘pourmrey, yse- dod @ qua Pag MOU ‘ygnojs sqy. oe “aaqous3949 ayqey ‘Avg sey jo you y8nojs eul
gSz FLvIg NUdUVS) TVOINVLOG HYOX MAN FHL 40 ‘TyNUnOf
61
when it at last arrived and we made haste to get away over the
the deep green fresh foliage of aa associated trees
Ww. heads stood above the other herbaceous vegetation nearly se icra as far as the eye could see.
In order to fulfill our social ay and make that - at ne Stuart’s camp, we left the trail where directed to do We
pe € mile a
with his eye on us. We met him and found he was Billy Bow- legs, as? a descendant of the former celebrated chief of that e directed us to sa Sal s pe which we an ane difficulty. There were many camps in that region, all situated in palmetto Soe The hammocks, when cleared of the palms and shrubbery, also furnished the fields for growing corn, and many fine crops of maize were observed. We had a long talk with Billy Bowlegs in his corn- field. Among other things he said he liked cultivating crops very well; but hunting was more to his fiking.
The social functions being over; we made all possible haste to cross - a ssimmee River. A boy Ma Nae on the ferry directed wu short trail running fro e Kissimmee to Oke a Ci = We could hardly ae Se but we agreed to try the new course and followed his direction. We found
Seepin fe) I we were used to traversing was eliminated more interesting than the saving of distance was t nd- ing eof a new a ery characteristic type mmock. It
was only a few hundred yards wide, but an indefinite number of miles long. The oe growth was almost exclusively of n ash (Fraxinus), but its habit was different from that of any
62
ash with which the writer is acquainted. The very short and
n TO: vata, T. area T. utriculata, and the long-mass,
had so far heed favored with good weather, but were now completely surrounded with severe thunder storms and we made
grows he Senne th eee mane: sunflower, as a natur-
botanists” nile ie over a century considered them to repre-
tall herbs, were veiled with dense nae spider-webs which
e olia: own to and fro the wind oe an ee roaching storm veiled plants appeared
gry Land had evidently had a drenching rainstorm, as snearly
63
all the land, together with the numerous plants mentioned on a preceding page, was ier d. Thus flood and darkness put a sto
bsent fro jiami on_ thes ae d ‘excursions. Amon ele a of interest — the region back of Cape Sable may be recorded. We passed through Royal Palm Ham-
ago, rapidly reforesting itself. Since the custodian of the park cleared the debris from the sapere area within the last two
ong Key Pineland and Cape Sable it appears that a discon- nected chain of pine- ene and high hammocks connects the
E and the difference between the high and low grounds ir the
copiou while the former, being shallow and quite even, retain neither humus nor moisture and in addition are Abie to frequent
1 Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 20: 191-207. 1919.
64
prairie fires. These are barren or nearly barren in the dr season, and thus stand out in strong contrast with the higher and well plant-clothed parts of the prairies.
The Everglades presented quite a different appearance from
showed up as immense green page ee the stunted, scat- tered, or spaced pond-cypress on the prairies had been formed from scraggly spectres? oe trees with light green foli- age and copious tassels of flowers.
Different also was the review of the woods and fields as we sped northward on our return. Summer was there and every- where, whatever the calendar may have said.
OHN K. SMALL.
SUCCESSION OF ALGAE IN THE GRASSY SPRAIN RESERVOIR?
ssy Sprain Reservoir, the Yonkers City reservoir, is a made t
sprin the south and west . ha the reservoir, twice a month during the remainder of the
No
Numerous desmids were determined but are not oie in the eg me The filamentous green algae were poe dant from the time the ice melted in ane through July, the larg- est ee aoe found in May a ash ie nae floating 1Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 1920. 2 Account of report before the Garden oe ee 5.
65
masses of gee Zygnema and ited were common all along the shore. From August through November few green algae were found. ee the number began : increase early in December.
Many of the algae had a very short period of growth. For Rete Spirogyra crassa first appeared early in June at the end of a bay in large masses lying on the bottom. A week later it was still more abundant, the lustrous brilliant green masses covering over half the area of the bay and a few small masses were floating and had been carried out from the bay quite a distance. It continued abundant till near the end of
b it w abundant as S. hal pie in March, but no trace of the
mined, but it seems eae that part of the plant remained on or in the grain of the wood.
Of the blue-green Reon some were found every time collec- tions were made. The more or less spherical masses of Plee: tonema tomasianum attached to plants below water or floating
66
free on the surface were especially abundant in July and August
anne the streamers, were composed chiefly o ‘ylindro-
ermum catenatum, a little of which had formerly been mixed wich the A phanoca
bout the last ‘Gepiemibes the lake ‘‘bloomed,” being
ct g
of: the consistency of soft putty and with a disagreeable sea- wee
The biaes -greens reached their maximum both in numbers and abundance during September. The green oe were most abundant in late May and early June pt were in the smallest amount when the others were at their ee ee
G. T. Hastines.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
hree species of witch-hazel were in bloom in the fruticetum
the frutic tr gina: common hazel a de eastern ae ad ee ok a ossoms in the late fall and early w There is a fifth species, not in the fruti- cetum collection one discovered, H. incarnata, from Japan, which differs in having the petals a deep red and the flowers
67
on long pea stems. These are the five species known at present: two from Japan, one from China, and two from the United States Many of ine orchids in flower in conservatory range 2 are ssembled in the south end of house 2A. ere has been an iaone display during the winter. Since January 1 about 150 species have come into bloom. There is a great diversity
this position the eae! of the plants can be much better appre- ciated than bench. A plant of the eee tree, Theobroma Cacoa, is in fruit in
in most other trees, on the ends of the branches. Each pod contains five rows of seeds, the total content being from fifty to seventy-five seeds, which, when dried, form the chocolate beans of commerce
d Mrs. Britton, accompanied by Dr. F. J. Seaver, a for Trinidad on February 21, in order to continue the botanical exploration of that island. They expect to return about the first of May
The following visiting botanists have registered in the library during the winter: Prof. Elmer D. Merrill, Manila, P. I.; Prof.
. J. Anderson, Amherst, Mass.; Pro . R. Orton, State Col- lege, Pa.; Mr. Charles C. Deam, Bluffton , Ind.; Prof. W. A. Setchell, Berkeley, Cal.; Mr. Ellsworth B Killip, Mr. E. G. Arzberger, Mr. L. L. Harter and Dr. J. N. Rose, Washington, D. C.; Prof. Alfred H. \W. Povah, ace N.Y.; Prof. W. W. Rawlee: Ithaca, N. Y.; Mr. A. B. Massey, Blacksburg. Vas
68 Mr. G. W. Martin and class, New Brunswick, N. J.; Prof. H. M. Fitzpatrick, Cam a oe Mass.; and Prof. Caroline A. Black, New London, Con
Meteorology for bel Ls total igs oni for the
month was 3.23 inches, of w 1.60 i inches (16 inches by snow measurement) fell as snow pesca as re- corded for week were as follows: 50° on the 6th, 46°
' The minimum temperatures were: 15° on the Ist, 25° on the gth, 12° on the 2ist, and 6° on the 25th.
ACCESSIONS PLANTS AND SEEDS plant of Iris for sahara (By exchange with Royal Botanic Gai sie ee s Park, London. 1 plant of ee nieg ee (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum,
= Paer) oe io] § -_
h - J. N. Rose. lants derived from seeds from various sources. 1 plant of Daphne laureola. (Given by Mr. E. G. Pendleton.) 1 plant of Thea japonica alba. (Given by Mr. Jos. Nickel.) 2 plants of Nerium Oleander. (Given by Mrs. Arthur C. James.) 16 plants of Jris. (Given by Bobbink & Atkins.) lants of Iris. (Gi
: plants of Iris. (Given b c. H. E. Eckert. o plants of Cacti for conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Ha through Dr. J. N. Rose 3 plants for conservatories. (By exchange with Cambridge Botanical spar England.) plants a Cacti, for conservatories. (By exchange with Royal Botanic ee 1 plant a eee Ensete. (By exchange with Mr. V. Soar, through Dr. J. ous all.)
df,
seeds from various sources.
69
1 packet of seed. (Given by Mr. C. J. Chamberlain.) 2 packets of Cuban seed. (Given by Mr. Mario Calvi ns.) packets of seed. (Given by Mr. P. D. Barnhart, through Mr. A. T.
44 packets of seed, from New Zealand. (Given by Miss E. Mabel Clark.) I packet of seed. (Given by fae Geo. J. Chryssicus.)
ed.) 1 packet of Colombian — Poe see by Dr. H. H. Rusby and Dr. F.
nnell.)
4 packets of seed. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant Industry.)
116 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, La Mortola, Italy.
77 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Berne, Switzer- an
84 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
71 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Glasnevin, Dublin.
24 packets of seed. (By exchange with Bureau of Plant eee uM
474 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical ure plete d.)
Scotlan f la, Sweden.)
246 packets of seed. (By saendiase with Botanical cae nie Switz- erland.
83 packets of seed. (By exchange with Botanical Garden, Groningen, Holland.)
1 packet of seed of elicit tenax. Wee n by Mr. Jos. Dixon.)
1 packet of seed. (Given rH. ‘oulkner.) 2 packets of Trinidad seed. “ce lected dy ae N. L. Britton.) packet of seed. (By exchange with D. A. Co chert)
4 packets of seed. (Collected sy Dr. es i. ‘Brit itton.) 1 packet seed Penstemon Hellert. (Collected by Dr. F. W. Pennell.) I packet tree fern spores. (By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric.) I packet seed. (Collected by Dr. F. W. dane I packet seed. _ (Giv en by a Margaret Barrow.) Ip G Give oo Mr. Herbert ae ) I 1 packet of seed of black sesame. (Gi a r. Wm. Beekley.) jacket Commelina seed. (Collected by D F. W. Penne i. tack. seed of Sabal texana. (By exchange oi Mr. R. Runyon, through r. J. K. Small.)
MusEUM AND HERBARIUM 50 specimens of flowering plants from New York. (By exchange with the University of the State of New York. 38 panini . drugs. Deh by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 285 f flowering plants from North America. (By exchange with ihe: Uiiied Se National Museum.)
70 6 specimens of woods. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 2 specimens of Tae from Colorado. (By exchange with Prof. El!s- wort 1 Bethel. 1 specimens of fodder plants. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 1 specimen of Galium cruciatum from New York. (Given by Mr. Wm. C.
Ferguson. 29 anaes of beverages. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 6 lan slides of dahlias. (By exchange with Mrs. C. H. re
8 specimens of volatile oils and perf umery. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby. plants from Trinidad and Tobago. pce
by D rN, L. Bri 7 ee Ss ee spic (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 8 specimens of fa from California. (By exchange with Prof. Ellsworth Bethel. eee of sugars. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) speci flo ble sea and ferns from northeastern Maine. (Clee by Prof. Harold Si cimens of pro: ae a. of plants. (Given by Dr. H. H.
ecimens of flowering plants from Jamaica, West Indies. (By ex- id.
‘O y Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 100 specimens “North American Uredinales”™ fascicle 23." (Distributed
5 specimens of fibers. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 36 specimens of varnish resins. Sales by Messrs. Pomeroy and Fischer.) en by H. usby. 8 eee aes of flowering plants es Oregon. "(Given by Professor J. C. Nelson.) 3 specimens of starches. (Given by D . Rusby.) 95 a of flowering plants ton Montana a Idaho. (Given by aged J. F. Kemp. specimens of poisonous plants and insecticides. (Given by Dr. H. H. Rcby. ) 15 specimens of flowering plants from Montana, Oregon, and Washington. (Given by Mr. P. H. Hawkins. 3 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr. I. W. Cloke 121 specimens of mosses from New Zealand. (By exchange with Mr. Brown. I spec of moss from France. aa exchange with M. Theriot.) 19 specimens from Iceland. (By exchange with Dr. Andrews.) 2 specimens of mosses from North Carolina. (By exchange with P. O.
7 specimens of mosses from California. (By exchange with Dr. C. F. Millspaugh.) 24 specimens of mosses from Minnesota. (By exchange with Prof. J. M. Holzinger.)
71
25 specimens of mosses from Florida. (Collected by Dr. and Mrs. N. L. er in.) specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from Florida. (Col- ey by Dr. John K. Small. : I museum specimen of Ilex vomitoria from Florida. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small.
40 specimens of Tertiary fossil pl in clay, from Brazil. (Given by Prof. J. C. Branner. 15 rae of Ter rat ?) fossil pl in red shale from Trinidad. (Col-
Britton.) 2 specimens of shale showing the root-markings of plants in the cleavage planes. (Given by Mr. 13 specimens of | fungi ahs Washington. (By exchange with Prof. S. M. Zeller. Je
(a9
daho. (By exchange with Dr. J. R. ir.)
: specimens of aa from es (By exchange with Prof. es Bethel.
I specimen of Lophodermium arundinaceum from Indiana. (By exchange with Dr. H. S. Jackson.
50 specimens of fungi Rehm, Ascomycetes exsiccati. (Distributed for Dr. H. Rehm.)
I photograph of Cordyceps herculea, (Given by Dr. H. A. Kelly.)
I specimen of Calvatia collata from Utah. (By exchange | Brot. ALO. Garrett.
2 specimens of M lanoleuca alboflavida from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Mr. H. L. Daddow.
I specimen of Polyporus elegans from California. (By exchange with Dr. E. P. Meinecke.)
1 specimen of Psathyra from the New York Botanical Garden. (Collected by Dr. W. A. Murrill.
I specimen of Funalia stuppea from Utah. (By exchange with Prof. A. O. Ga: pins
s of cup fungi from Michigan. (By exchange with Dr. H. M.
Fierpntric & Geo, Hume Smith.)
5 is mens of cup fungi from New York. (By exchange with Prof. H. H. Whetzel.)
3 8p
p fungi fi 1 Idaho. (By patie with Dr. J. R. W f i fi 1 en by Mr. C.A oes 1 specimen of Chantarel floccosus from ae Maine. (By exchange with Dr. G. Clyde Fisher.) 1 specimen of Lachnocladium Schweinitzii from Arkansas. (By exchange bak Rev. H. heeler specimen of Pterula ‘subulata from Washington, D. C. (By exchange with Prof. H. H. Whetzel. 15 specimens of fungi from Yama Farms, New York. (By exchange with Lae Grace O. Winter. pecimen of Melanoleuca melaleuca from Arizona. (By exchange with D:. Walter Hough.)
72
2 specimens of fungi from Utah. (By exchange with Prof. A. O. Garrett.) 40 specimens of fungi from Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Mrs. John R. Delafield.) 2 sei a fungi from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Dr. L. O. eis ens of Russula compacta from the New York Botanical Garden. (Collected 1 by Dr. W. A. Murrill. ens ‘Ph Hai ata and Protomycetes,” numbers 326-350. a ale P. Sydo
‘ ae o
numbers 2651-2751. (Distributed by P. Sue
25 specimens ‘“‘Fungi Dakotenses" fasicle 19. (Distributed by Dr. J. F. Brenckle.
I specimen each of Pyr eae Bakeri and Merulius aureus from Penn-
sylvania. (By exchange with Dr. L. O. Overholts.)
I specimen of Cycloporus Greenet from Kentucky. (By exchange with
ce Fi
L. Millsp I specimen at ae roseus from Michigan. (By exchange with Dr. D. R. Sumst tine.)
1 specimen of Lactaria atroviridis from New Jersey. (By exchange with r. D. augh.
Pp f £1 i B h Mr. Simon Davis.)
I — men se Lactaria heigl. om New em (By exchange with Dr. D.L. Millsp:
1 specimen of Cane byssiseda from North Carolina. (By exchange with Dr. W. ‘oker.)
2 specimens “of fungi from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. Parks.
2 species of fungi from Canada. (By exchange with Rev. Dr. Robert Campbell.)
1 specimen of Marasmius from the New York Botanical Garden. (Col- lected by Miss M. E. Eaton.
10 specimens of fungi from New York. (By exchange with Mr. W. H. Ballon.)
8 specimens of fungi from Oregon. (By exchange with Prof. S. M. Zeller.)
I specimen of Wynnea americana from Pennsylvania. (By exchange with Mr. C. E. Chardon.)
I aa of Clavaria fusiformis from Alaska. (By exchange with Dr. N. M. Coo 10 tas of fungi from Jamaica. (By exchange with Mr. Ww. R.
mn.)
n of Clavaria from Big Cottonwood, Utah. (By exchange with
33 specimens of fun gi from Oregon. (By exchange with Mr. J. S. Boyce.) I specimen of iiaea seutellata from Connecticut. (By exchange with Prof, A. H. Graves.)
cai of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, try Guggenheim, Fritz Achelis, - if Horace Harding, Edward D. A J. Montgomery Hare, Charles B. stay Edward S. Harkness, Vincent Astor, rof. R. A. Harper, John W. angen J. Amory Haskell,
A. Henry de oreet Baldwin, sn a Hoffm: Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. isan: Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Eugene P. Bicknell, Walter B. James, Walter B. Jennings,
George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. ra Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley,
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, | Edw. V. Z. Lane, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Hon. W. A. Clark, . Everit Macy, offin, a ar L. Marston, Samuel P. Colt, W. J. Matheson, Edmund C. Converse, George McAneny, aii McMillin, ath, r. Walter Mendelson, i. MW. Denslow, a0 L. Merrill, Spee H. Dodge, Ogden Mills, i Hon. Ogden 1 Mills, = Graliy Morgan, is R. Morris, ee R. Newbold, C. D. Norton, Eben E. Olcott,
Henry W. de Forest, Robert W. de Forest, Prof. W. J. Gies,
Daniel Guggenheim,
Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Phipps,
F. R. Pierson,
James R. Pitcher,
toh D. Ronkeeitey William Rockefeller, Emlen Roosevelt, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Dr. em Ate H. Sayre, Mori hiff,
rele R. erie
B. B. Thayer,
a G. eae W. Boyce Thom
Dr. W. ya Sanne Louis C. Tiffany,
Felix M. rear uee:
Paul M. Warburg,
se Maseiing
Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F, Kean,
Miss Elizabeth Billings, Mrs. ate E. Kissel, N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low
Mrs. eg D. Dickey, Mrs. Charles MacViad,
Mrs arton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit
ies rea C. Hill, Mrs. Henry each
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. James Roosevelt, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Mrs
George D. Pratt,
n 43 > oO g 3 5 -a n or g 3 =] os)
Mrs. W. G. os aad Mrs. Cabot Ward
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry neta Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymse Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. rile
F. K. Sturgis, Mrs F. F. Thompson,
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
1. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by a
or by bequest shall entitle nae pareatneae to be a benefactor of the Garden, 2. Patrons
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 3. shame for Life
The contribution of $10 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the een to be a fellow for life of the Garden 4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 5. Sustaining Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become
fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an annual fee of All members are entitled to the following esetelgaas
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers.
2s ae to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Managers.
3. A es of all handbooks published by ne Garden. 4. A copy of all annual reports and Bulle 5. A copy of the monthly Journal. 6. Privileges of the Board Room. 7. Life Members Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00. Information Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building at 3 o’cloc Form of Bequest I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of
Vol. XXII April, 1921 No, 256
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS
PAGE
The Leafy Spurge becoming a Pest 73
Tropical Trees with Light-weight Wood 75 Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York
Botanical Garden during the year 78
Spring and Summer Lectures 85 Conference Notes for March 87 Notes, News and Comment 89 Accessions 1
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTs A Copy
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 8 West KING StrEET, LANCASTER, Pa. INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFIOERS, 1921 PRESIDENT—W. ieee THOMPSON ARD D. ADAMS Vick- PRESIDENTS nae W. DzFOREST TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL AssISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922 ree e aes BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM AUL D.C ATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de POREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires January, re N. L. BRITTON LEWIS R eee sen HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
Ere R. A. HARPER, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKN. PROF. EREDERIC S. LEE
5 PRA PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. ne L BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) R. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director Administration) DR. JOHN Tk <, SMALL, Head Curator of the Muse as {bloverts Plants)
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and Curator of Plontasions
, Director of t aboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY a “Bibliographer RAH H. HARLOW, arian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Es
DR Beg ee Honorary Curator of Fossth Plants
ae ILLIAM iB Gus, Consulting Chemist
ate R. RI ngineer TER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant ARTHUR ie CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII April, 1921 No. 256
THE LEAFY SPURGE BECOMING A PEST
About one hundred years ago, possibly even earlier, the h
mbi e New York anical Garden, was collected a ury, Massachusetts,
published in 1848, the learned author remarked that it was likely to become a troublesome weed. John Robinson in his “Flora of Essex County, Massashusetts” (1880) records it as
from cultivation and infrequent in bas state. In the sixth edition of his Manual, published in 1889, Dr. Gray added these western New York and Michigan records to its known distri- bution, remarking, however, that it was rare. In the first edition of Tilustrated Flora (1897) I Rees its praca as Massachusetts to New York and Michigan; by the time the second edition was published (1913) it et serene . Maine, Ontario and New Jersey; it is only in recent years, however,
73
74
rv or eradica- tion are being taken, but the task is not an easy one, and the matter is of sufficient importance to have brought out editorial comment in the New York Herald on February 9, 1921.
Fig. 1. Leafy Spurge (Tithymalus Esula Hill).
The Leafy Spurge, also known as Faitour's Grass and Tithy-
feet high, with narrow leaves about two inches long or less, those on the stem few, those on branches close together, the
1 ol
a ermost in a verticil subtending a several-rayed umbel of mall flowers and large broad bracts. The plant has horizon- tl serpin from which it grows vear ee year, and these ontrol as a weed very difficu
eee ee illustration will te Ip to nee the
species; if detected it should be forked or spaded out of the Sea and burned, taking car e to get all its aie eae parts. often regarded botanically as a species of Euphorbia,
true Euphorbias of Africa, a collection of which may be see
in our Conservatory Range 1, House N. L. Britton
TROPICAL TREES WITH LIGHT-WEIGHT \WOOD.*
e last three years the writer has had very favorable
in Florida. It is found in southern Mexico and from these
a.
Ochroma is by no means, however, the only genus that con-
tains apecis with light- soe wood. There ane sev i other ith li ota bly
genera in some species of Ceiba, and all, so far as known, of ae species of Cavanillesia. However, some representatives of the family
a wood, as for exa ax
is the wood of the Caricaceae and particularly of the genus Jacaratia, which is so soft that it would be more appropriate to callita table subst: ther than a wood. Its stature,
* Abstract of address before = Conference of the Scientific Staff and Students of the Garden in Febru.
76
bark and growth in thickness ee a true cambium layer, however, warrant its being considered a tree.
One of the many remarkable ae of tropical vegetation is the fact that the heaviest and lightest woods are, locally, often immediately associa
ight-weight woods fall into ne categories: first, those where
0 wood in northern ead is in the landaceae, where as is well known, very thin bands of parenchyma occur in the annual
w mentioned above, and the soft woods of the tropics, Ochroma.
‘ordia. ree genera have been selected to illustrate types of light woods. Ochroma and pana of the Bombacaceae and ari ich genera, so far as known, ood.
CHROMA—In the pot States the wood of this genus is best known by the name ‘‘Balsa,” but by Spaniards and the aN in the tropical countries, by many other
t Fo:
he h fl nd f: t the t to) three The average growth in diameter under favorable itions is rapid, not far 5 inches per year during the uvenil te. Th d ranges in weight from 4 to 12 pounds
per cubic foot. The heart wood is homogeneous, silvery-white o pink. The sap wood is always white. There is a semblance
77
of annual rings frequently, but they are irregular i in occurrence roba
and are in all p bility a to variations in climate which do not occur wi uch regularity.
CaAvVANILLESIA—In Panama these trees are called ‘‘Quipo” and in northwestern Colombia, ‘‘Macondo. here are two species in South erica, one d st
The et of the trunks is a ert in the thick fibrous ark, e wood is even lighter than Balsa. It is so wie oe that it crushes more or less as the tree falls.
Pppear to urmise is that they are rapid growers and by no means as ae as they loo ee ee ith the exception of one anomalous species in Mexico, this genus has heretofore been considered as confined to South America east of the Andes. In 1920 specimens were
acteristic of the Papayas. The wood of the tree is very soft an After a portion of the bark was cut away a machete ‘ould be shoved t e center of the trunk with comparative ease wood is la ed. The parenchyma bands are very thick and constitute at least nine tenths of the mass of woo The when fresh can be cut into blocks as one would arsnips or turnips. B and Quipo do shrink excessively wh ry, but the wood of Jacaratia when dried shrinks to a mere fraction of its original bulk is said
is the wood of the South American trees is poisonous when
eee appears to be certain concomitant features attending trees with light wood somewhat as follows: Geographically they are confined principally to the Tropical rain forest region and to the helt of equatorial calms.
78
2. They are plants with a very extensive leaf aes . Thick, fibrous bark characterizes most o . Their wood is white or at least very light in oe W. W. RowWLEE
PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN URING THE YEAR 1920
Barnhart, J. H. ee ia asad in Small, J. K., grottoes and ancient dun Jou . Y. Bot. Gard. 30-36. Issue for Mr 1920.
oseph Charles aut in Lloyd, C. G., Mycological
Notes pe 62). 904-906. Je 1920.
ntibulariaceae, in Britton, N. L., = rea
CF F., aes Bahama Flora. 393-395. 26 Je
oe (in part) in Britton, x 7 ad Mills-
paugh, C. The Bahama Flora. 656-662. 26 Je 1920.
Jeger diphylla. Addisonia . 31, 32. pl. 176.
Issue for 30
(Bographie oo in Small, J. K., In quest of lost
a a for S
cacti. Jour ard. 21: 161-176. Issue ae
en es in tars N. L., perry of Cuban oh ts new to ce. Mem. Torrey Club 16: r10, III. 13
1920 (Bignaphies of oe medical botanists), in Kelly, H. A. and Burrage, W. L., American medical Biographies. 20, 21, I4I, 142, 206, 207, ae 558, 559, 649, 650, 669, 670, 1019, 1177, 1178. 1920. Report of the Bigs ie 1919). Bull. N. Y.
30
Boynton, K. R. Diplotaeis aie. Addisonia 5: 3, 4. pl. 162. paced r 31 Mr 1920. .
Platycodon grandiflorum. Addisonia 5: 13, 14. Pl. 167. as i 31 Mr 1920.
—— Vocational ape in ee for aoe and ponvalescen soldiers and sailors. Jour. N. Y. . Gard.
7-94. Issue for My 1920.
79
— — media. Addisonia 5: 39. pl. 180. Issue for 30 : 19 Cera. ae rs lass Addisonia 5: 45, 46. pl. 183. Issue for Plants for ee Tae The Florist’s Exchange 50:
t of the Supervisor of Gardening Instruction (for 1919). a N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 246-253. € 1920. ritton, Mosses of Bermuda. Bryologist 22: 87. 17
Musci, in Britton, L., and Millspaugh, C. F., The Bahama Flora. 477-500. 6 Je 1920
Adlumia ae Peneen 5: 21, 22. pl. m77.
Issue for 30 Je 19
— Th ines arbutiss The Guide to Nature 13: 62.
S 1920.
ea wild flowers. Torreya 20: ror. Issue
forS&O1
ie a the aa Curator of Mosses (for 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 271, 272. 30 Je 1920.
Britton, N. L. Flora of ae District of Columbia. Torreya
The wild Pimento of a Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Issue for F out Paulownia trees. “Tour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21:
72, 73. Issue for Ap 1920
Cephalanthus ‘cridenais. Addisonia 5: 17, 18. pl. z71. Issue for 30 A facilis Spicok to Trinidad. Jour N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 101-118. Issue for Je 1920.
Des eeeeis of Cuban plants new to science (with ee ees of P. Wilson.) Mem. Torrey Club. 16: 57-118. 1920. Two new West Indian plants. Torreya 20: 83, 84.
1920. Cas W. Perkins. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 179. Issue for S 1920.
Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for oe year 1919. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 213-229. 30 Je 19
80
Britton, N. L., and Millspaugh, C. F. The Bahama Flora. i-viili + 1695. New York. 26 Je 1920. Britton, N. L., and Rose, J. N. The Cactaceae. Vol. II. i-vii + 1-237. pl. 1-40 + f. 1-304. Washington, 1920 Gleason, H. A. tees of the American Iris Sonica r. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 39, 40. Issue for F 1920. — Some applications va the quadrat ee Bull. Torrey Club 47: 21-23. 18 F 1920. heii crinita. Addisonia 5: 11, 12. pl. 1766. Issue for 31 Mr 1 Drache speciosum. Addisonia 5: 27, 28. pl. 174. ae for 30 1920. he new erenouse of the Pat York Botanicat een Museum Work 2 pl. 1920. The measurement oe 2 time. Science II. 52: Pigs 19 A new abel journal. Science II. 52: 387, 388.
Report of the First sae oe (for 1919). Bull N. Y. 4. 30Je1
Harlow, S. H. Report - the Ta oes (for 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 267-269. 30 Je 1920.
Hollick, A. A graphical representation of geologic time. Sci. Am. 122: 27. f. (p. 31). 10 Ja 1920.
Bird of Poe plumage. Proc. Staten Is. Assoc.
Arts and Sci. 7: 1-4. 21 Je 1920.
Catskill aqueduct celebration exhibit. Ibid.: 5-12.
21 Je 1920
Oneicus gies in the Clove Valley. Ibid.: 32-34. a a 21 Je A Davie deniers communis : ene Island and oe Ros d. Ibid (Notes chiefly pene : a Island) ne ne 46}. ils 493 53, 34 54-56; 56, 57; 58. 21 Je 1920. Cape Cod has changed since the fae landed. ONY Y. Evening Post (Magazine Section). SI —— Report of the Honorary Curator - fossil cas (for
genus Liagora Bull. Toney Club 47: 1-8. pl. tr +f. 25-20.. 18 F 1920
81
Ricciaceae, in ae eis L., nes Sea C.F,
The Bahama
Flora. 502, 26
Je Algae, in Britton, N. ca aay Museu, C. F., The
Bahama Flora, 618. 26 Jer The
1920 ee border. ae N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21:
138. Issue for Je 1
Murrill, W. A.
Cor ee ys Am M i from Hedgeock. Mycologia i va 42. 2F
1920
— Collecting fungi at Yama Farms. 2F
43. 1920.
aoe 2 F 192
Saturday oH Sunday spring lectures, 1920. ONY Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 54, 55.
nee ot fungi— XXXII.
9 Gea ee Mycologia 12: 46, 47.
aia a near Washington.
rections and additions to ba polypores of ycologia 12: 2 F 1920.
Mycologia 12: 42, 2 F 1920.
‘oria. Mycologia 12: 47-51. 2 F 1920. Mycologia 12: Jour.
Issue for Mr 1920. Mycologia 12: 59-61.
pl. 2. 8A Light- _ resupinate polypores—I. Mycologia 12: 77-92. 8 ApI
A correc
8 Ap 1920 —
III.
(Illust.)
(Illust.)
Po nay excurrens Berk. & Curt. 107, 108. 8 Ap 1920.
pa meee :
What is cane sugar? Sci. Am. 122: 399.
Mycologia 12: tion (on Poria). Mycologia 12: 108, 109. extensa rediscovered. Mycologia 12: 110,
t’s bracket fungus. Sci. Am. 122: 365. 1920.
10 Ap 1920.
Plant growths that shed light. Sci. Am. 122: 427, 440. 17 Ap 1920. (Illust.
e dendrograph—an instrument that keeps tabs on A
29 My 1920. oe st.)
Trees es by meadow mice. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
for My 1920. Where fae comes from (and its manufacture).
Sci. Am. 122: 626. 5 Je 1920. (Illust.)
82
—— Another new truffle. Mycologia 12: 157, 158. f. J. 5 Je 1920.
——— Pier Andrea Saccardo. Mycologia 12: 164. 5 Je 1920.
A mycologist in the making. Mycologia 12: 165. 5 Je 1920.
— Kauffman’s Agaricaceae. Mycologia 12: 166. 5 Je
1920. Oudeman’s work on fungi. Mycologia 12: 169. 5 Je
1920
Fighting for healthy plants. Sci. Am. 122: 677. 19 Je 1920. Autobasidiomycetes, in Britton, N. L., and Mills-
paugh, C. F., The Bahama Flora. 637-645. 26 Je 1920.
n manita. colog 4 2 Many odd plants kin to pineapple. The Sun and New York Herald. 125 1920. (Illust.
Mushrooms, good and evil (13 articles). Evening Post, Sep., Oct. 1920. (IIlust.
The blue beetle of the willow. Country Life 38: 114-
132. O 1920. (Illust.)
— -— How meadow mice destroy trees. Sci. Am, 122: 525-
536. 20N i920. (Illust.
Plants as an inspiration in the art a early peoples. Garden Mag. 32: 246-248. D 1920. (Illus Light- cn resupinate poly. mn Mycologia 12: 299-308. 27 D 1920
e fungi a Blsckeburys Virginia. Mycologia 12: 322-328. 27 DI Notes (on ene and events). Mycologia 12: 36~40; 104-107; 159-164; 286-289; 334-342. 1920.
Report of the Supervisor of Public mies (for I9I9Q). ae N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 240-246. 30 20 Nash, G. V. Hardy woody plants in the New York ae
Garden. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 56-60; 74-77; 119-
I
920. Viburnum — Addisonia 5: 1, 2. pl. 161. Issue for 31 Mr
Rosa ‘Dr. Van Fleet.” Addisonia 5: 7, 8. !. 164. Issue for 31 Mr 1920
83
mygdalus ee Addisonia 5: 9, 10. pl. 165. Issue for 31 Mr 1 Benzoin cae Addisonia 5: 15, 16. i. 168. Issue for 31 Mr Cor a ‘pit. Addisonia 5: 19, 20. pl. 170. Issue for 30 Je A phe ee ieee Addisonia 5: 23, 24. pl. 172. Issue for 30 Je 1920. ——- Crataegus Phaenopyrum. Addisonia 5: 33. pl. 177. Issue for 30 S 1920. Viburnum priate Addisonia 5: 35, 36. pl. 178. Issue for 30 S 1 —_ Suphononira Tanakae. Addisonia 5: 37. pl. 179. Issue for 30 S 1 Clethra eae Addisonia 5: 41. pl. 181. Issue for 30 S 1920. Solidago rugosa. Addisonia 5: 43-44. pl. 182. Issue for 30 S 1920. Report of the Head Gardener (for 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 253-259. 30 Je 1920. Pennell, F. . pene of the local Flora—v. Torreya 19: 242. 26 1920. ——_ _ Ser ophulariaceae of the southeastern ieee States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 71: 224-291. 11 Soil preferences of Scrophulariaceae. eee 20: 10, 11. 1 Ap 1920. Scrophulariaceae of the central Rocky Mountain states. Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 313-381. 30 Ap. 1920. Scrophulariaceae, in Britton, N. L., pee of ae ea new to science. Mem. Torrey Club 16: 103- 106.
1920. Seropholriaceae of Colombia—I. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 72: Rusby, H. H. aie en = revision of the U.S. Pharma- copoeia. Jour. Am. Phar . 9: 240-249. 1920 Codes of aera ae ‘the U <SDs Pistmacopoes:
1920 ae Mulford Biological Expedition of the Amazon Basin. Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter 98: 27. 18 O 1920.
84
——— Descriptions of three hundred new species of South American plants with an index to all previously Metts species phe South America by the same author. New
ge Report of the Honorary Curator of the economic cletons ee 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 269-271
1920 Rusk, ‘EL M. The effect of zinc ae on oe.
streaming. Bull. Torrey Club47: 425-431. f.7,2. 200192 Rydberg, P. A. (Rosales) Fabaceae: Psoraleae. N. A FL 4: 65-136. 27 Ja
1920. Notes on Rosaceae—XII. Bull. Torrey Club 47: 1920
Bembecuaum : gen. nov., in Britton, N. L., eens of Cuban aaa new to-science. Mem. Torrey Club. 68-69. 1351
Bice shia notes on the Rocky Mountain region—IX. Bull. Torrey Club 47: 441-454. 29 O 1920. Henry cas or The Heese Fie Torreya 20:
Seaver, F. J. ae ak and descriptions of cup-fungi— VIII. Mycologia 12: 1-5. pl. 1. 2 F 1920.
Notes on North American Hypocreales—IV. My- cologia 12: 93-98. pl. 6. 8 Ap 1920.
—— Fungi, in Britton, N. L. ene C. F., The Bahama Flora. 631-645. 26 Je
Small, J. K. Pieris floribunda. fadconia 5:5, 6. pl. 163. Issue for 31 Mr 1920.
grottoes aad ancient dunes. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 21: 25-38. pl. 241, 242. Issue for F 1920; 45-54.
0.
Cypress and agai in an ee a Bot. Gard. 21: 81-86. 1. 2 The land of ferns. Jour Eas Mitchell Sc, on 35: 92-104. pl. 24-28. 920 Hydrangea quercifolia, Adana 5: 29, 30. pl. 175. Issue for Je 1920.
In quest of lost cacti. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 161- 178. pl. 251, 252. Issue for S 1920
85
Grossularia curvata. Addisonia 5: 47-48. pl. 184. Issue for Se : 1920. Re f the Head Curator of the Museums and Herta ie 1919). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 234-239.
30
pete i. 3 The aims and methods of aa oon Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2 Issue for
r ence studies of a incompaiiity
in hermaphrodite plants. Jour. Genet. 9: 5-1
Ja 1920.
Con setae notes for December (i919). Jour. Bot. Gard. 16-18. Issue for Ja 1920 aaary: ees 41, 42. et oi F 1920;—February. 60-62. Issue for Mr 1920;—March. 78. Issue for Ap 1920;—April. 97, 98. Issue for M 0. Chinese Pe-tsai, the salad Mogul. Garden Mag. 31: 368-369. - 1920. (Illus Report of the Director of the Laboratories (for 1919). Bull. N. Yy. aa Gard. 10: 259-262. 30 Je 1920. Watson, E. E. Corylus rostrata. Addisonia 5: 25, 26. pl. I Jel
Williams, R. . Grimmia See Bryologist 23: 52. pl.
Calymperaceae “ North America. Bull. Torrey Club 47: 367-396. pl. 1. o O 1920 ae — matphylam “Small. Bryolasise 23: 76-78. pi. 6. 19 Wilson, P. oe at many points] in Britton, N. L.,
De- scriptions of Cuban plants new to science. Mem. Torrey lub 16: 57-118. 13 S 1920.
SPRING AND SUMMER LECTURES An attractive series of public lectures on botanical and = rti- cultural subjects will be given in the Lecture Hall of the Mus anys i.
there will be one early in June devoted to roses, the exact date of which can not ie fixed at this time.
86
April 30. Botanizing on a Volcano, Dr. H. A. Gleason.
May 1. Spring Flowers, Dr. N. L. Britton
May 7. The Réle of Plants in Man’s Fvolution, Dr. W. A. Murrill.
May 8. Window Gardens for City Homes. Mr. Van Evrie Kilpatrick.
May 14. i onniaicennen in the Northwest, Mr. Leroy Jeffers.
(Exhibition of flowers, May 14 and 15) May 15. Plant Hybrids, Dr. A. B. Stout
May 21. es — and How to Grow Them, Mr. G. V. Nash. May 22. actical Hints for Home oe Mr. Hugh Findlay.
May 28. Bég Vegetation at Cranberry Lake, Prof. W. L. Bray. May 29. Why Study Nature?, Dr. W. A. Murrill.
June 4. Sea Gardens of the Tropics, Dr. M. A. Howe.
June 5. Collecting in the Rocky Mountains, Dr. F. W. Pennell. June 11. How Nature Scatters Seeds, Dr. G. C. Fisher.
June 12. The Origin of Plant Life, Dr. W. A. Murrill.
June 26. Color in the Garden, "Miss Baily Exley
July 2. Floral and Scenic Features of Haiti, Ms G. V. Nash.
July 3. The Glory of the Annuals, Mr. Arthur Herrington. urrill
July 9. The Golden Mean in Nature, Dr. W. i
July 10. Planning and Planting the Home Grounds Mr. H. Hemenway.
July 16. Immunity to Disease in Plants, Dr. W. A. Murrill.
July 17. Wild en Dr. H. ouse.
July 23. Some Am pe PotaauSs Dr. J. H. Barnhart.
July 24. The Significance of Sex in Plants, Dr. W. A. ill.
dlay. August 13. Impressions of the Colombian Andes, Dr. F. W. Pennell.
87 August 14. Some of Our Common Food Plants. Dr. M. T. Cook. August 20. Evergreens and How to Grow Them, Mr. G. V.
(Exhibi tion ] bare August 20 and 2 August 21. The Pos of Plants in the System af Nature, Dr. W. A. catia August 27. Colorado, Dr . Sea August 28. The Origin of aren Pane Dr. A. B. Stout.
The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to Botanical ; dford i
at 149th Street aad Third venue. Those coming by the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway change at 180th Street for crosstown trolley, ae north at Third Avenue
JA. Muonniti
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR MARCH arch conference of the Scientific Staff and Registered Students of the Garden was held in the museum building on sday, March 2, 1921, at 3:30 P. M. The program was as follows: ‘‘Remarks on Fossil Algae” Dr. Marshall A. Howe and orn bber Content of North American Plants" by Dr. H. M. Hal
Howe reviewed the few papers in which American fossil nu
cene), of which photomicrographs were exhibited, were con- sidered to represent two undescribed species. A fossil organism of a different character was recently col-
It forms extended, laminated, calcareous crusts or smaller concretions with concentric lamellations. Its microscopic cell-
88
ular structure is very imperfectly preserved and a student of
modern algae would naan feel A alaiet in goi Bs further than to
say that this South represents the remains
2 some lime- ete blue- -green alga este with some
w living in Sees nis of Saat New York and in Little Ce Cre Lancaster Coun
The speaker eee epecaly oa organisms from the
Pr at hav
er. name Crypiozoon as well as others > more doubtful affinities that constitute the genus Solenopor . Hall spoke very ey on the rubber con- tent a various native North American plants, a matter which H wi s i
during the past few yea: It has been foun er of good quality can be obtained from various species of Chryso- thamnus and Haplopappus of the Aster Family of plan e
aie nae arte amnus nauseosus, common a called rabbit-bush, shrub that grows abundantly over the semi-desert areas ei eer Nevada and Utah. The present stand of the varieties of this species would yield, it is ang ee 300,000,000 Ibs. of good rubber. This rubber could no obtained = a price that could coitintte we the ae pater
varieties of re other varieties endure extreme summer “heat. The a appears to be ost promising species for use in any attempts that are to . pee in the establishment of a rubber-growing industry in the United States
r. Hall also reported on preliminary studies of the rubber content in many other species, especially of the Dogbane and Milkweed families.
A. B. Stout Secretary of the Conference
89
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
A guide to nature-study and school garden opportunities in
from the beginning is a source of great promise for the future growth of true nature ae (W. A. M.)
An underground gasteromycete, apparently a species of Hy- sterangium, was brought in owen the middle of February by Mr. L. Robba, who collected it with a trained truffle dog under
n oak tree near White oc New York. The soil was not frozen hard because of the viens and a layer of two or
very poor s ae w iid ied. The were
he did no tice an , and he ane that his dog w: ot particularly ‘‘interested’’ in the find, only scratching a Tittle to mar. pot and then walking awa e plants were unearthed by scraping the covering of leaves and egos
hes odor present, otherwise the dog would not have been Ree M.)
(W. :
90
In the central display house, conservatory range 2, there was a fine display of flowering bulbs and other plants for Easter.
po: sles squills seems never to have been so blue before, and the vidness of the glory-of-the-snow, Chionodoxa remeaes is ie Crocuses, purple, lilac, yellow and white, are in abundance, and the daffodils are just beginning to ee their blossoms. In the fruticetum are more masses of Forsythia, rivalling those to which allusion has already been made. And nearby are the Cornelian h
g fo) t hat s eas honeysuckle, Lonicera frogontssine, is in full bloom, not only here but any other parts of the grounds. JAfag- ie ae is a mass ae ae m, and the willows nearby are sending out myriads of ‘pussies.’’ (March 29, G. V. N.)
91
t may be of interest to know that the following species were in eee in the Botanical Garden grounds on or before March
Crocuses Forsythia, two species Siberian Squill Spice-bush Glory-of-the-snow Coltsfoot Honeysuckles, two species Mountain Spurge iogwood, two species donis amurensis David’s Peach Jasminum nudiflorum
Miss Wake field, the well- age Mycologist of Kew Gardens, England, arrived in New York on March 10, ae spending the winter ean in the British West Indie On March 19, she left for a tour through parts of bee Easter mm United States, and will “al foe England in May. chief interest at the Garden was the large soilecion of piaae from the American tropics.
ACCESSIONS Lrprary, From Nov. 1, tga, to Jan. 31, 1921 ARBER, AGNES. Water planis: 1920. (Given by Mrs. Theron Gs ig.) BERKENHOUT, JOHN. at SES a ie ae history of Great-Britain and vols.
Cambridge,
BRADLEY, RICHARD. History a succulent plants. oe Bie 1727.
Brucu, Paitipp, SCHIMPER, WILHELM Puivier, & GUMBEL, WILHELM THEODOR. Bryobogia europase. 6 vols. Stuttgartiae, ee 5.
Curtis, WILLIAM. Companion to the Botanical magazine. London, 1788.
Curtis, WILLIAM. havaiecn catalogue of the Brompton botanic ‘arden for... . London, -
CZAPEK, FRIEDRICH. Biochemie der Pflanzen. Ed. 2. vol. 2. Jena, 1920.
DryANDER, Jones. Catalogue bibliothecae historico-naturalis dna Banks. § vols. Londini, 1798-1 00.
FLINDERS, MATTHE Voyage to Terra Aus of SSA, Gh yey 1801, 1802 & 1803 in ‘hs majesty's ship The pane 3 vols. London, 181
14. Forbes, JAMES. Pineium woburnense. London, 1839.
Gipson, GEORGE Stacey. Flora of Essex. eee 1862.
Gorpon, GEorGE. The pinetum. Ed. London, 1880.
Grigor, JAMES. The eastern arboretum “Lo ndon, 1841.
Grinpon, Leorotp HartTLeEy. British and garden botany. London, 1864.
92
Heprick, Unysses Prentiss. ed. Sturtevant's notes on edible plants. eed 1919. (By exchange with New York Agricultural Experiment Station.)
i. L, JoHN. Exotic botany illuswated, in thirty-five figures of curious and elegant plants. London, 17,
Hooker, WILLIAM TacKSON. Description of Victoria regia. London, 1847.
House, nae eta Wild flowers of New York. 2 vols. Albany, 1918 (Given by
oe eet te exhibition and botanical congress held in London from May 22-31, 1866. ondon, 1867.
NIGHT, Tuomas ANDR A selection from the physiological and hor!
cultural pape: aan a the Transactions of the Royal and Fiala octet:
LABILLARDIERE, Jacques Jouten HovuTon DE. Relation du chs a la recherche de la Pérouse. 1791, 1792. 2vols. Par An 8 wson, PETER. Pinetum britannicum. 3 vols. Edinburgh. a Leroy, ANDRE. Dictionnaire de pomologie. 6 a in 4. Paris, 1867-77.
Pom ia bri
‘ ica. ondon. Loupon, JANE WELLS. The ladies’ flower- garden : pee perennials. 2 vols. London, 1843, 44. ouDON, JoHN CLAUDIUS. ree of trees and shrubs. 2 vols.
42. GLES, JAMES. Floral a hae ies a London, 1839.
OvuDEMANS, CoRNEILLE ANTO ee Enumeratio uae fungorum. Vols.1&2. Hagae a ce
PEREIRA, JONATHAN. Elements of se ts Ne and therapeutics. Ed. 2. 2vols. London, 1842.
PETERS, WILHELM, CARL HARTWIG. erie ees eaetad nae nach Mossambique . . . im 1842 bis 1848 ausgefiihrt. nik. vols. Berlin, 1862-64.
PuLTENEY, RicHARD. A general view of the writings of Linnaeus, Ed. 2. ees 180!
DOUBTE, ‘Puree Joseru. Choix des plus belles fleurs prises dans differ-
aris, 1827. Ronaps, HucGuH. Pyrus malus brenifordiensis. London, 1831. Roscoz, Mrs. Epwarp. Floral illustrations is ae seasons. rag ead SAvI, GAETANO. Flora italiana olta delle pian
che si coltivano net giardint d'Italia, 3 vols. Pisa, 1818-34.
SCHIMPER, WILHELM PHILIPP. pee europaet novi; vel, Bryologiae europ- aeae supplementum. Stuttgartiae, 1 4-66.
SCHIMPER, WILHELM PHILIPP. pshene Bryologiae europaeae. Stutt-
EE, ALFRED. The potatoe plant. London, 1846. So BY, JOHN EpwarpD. British wild flowers . . « described by C. Pierpon Johnson. Lambeth, 1860. HOMSON, ANTHONY Topp. Lectures on the elements of botany. part 1.
ussac, F. RIcHARD DE. Flora antillarum. 4 vols. Parisiis, 1808— VERSCHAFFELT, AMBROISE COLETTE o a ANDRE, Nouvelle ae des Camellias. 13 vols. in 6. Gand, 1848-60.
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, eat by a J. Amory Haskell, Geor; A. oe
ates ea A. Hec
Henry de Forest Baldwin, Denard cn Edmund L. Baylies, er M. Hunted Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Aen Iselin,
Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James,
K. G, Billings, Walter B. Jennings, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. ee Prof. N. L. Britt hon Darwin P. Kingsley
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. W. H. Carpenter,
. Lane, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. anrre Hon. W. A. Clark, - Everit
acy, C. A. Coffin, dgar L. Meee Samuel P. Colt,
Edmund C. Converse,
Marin Le Brun ee = baa McMillin, Paul _ Cravat r. Walter Mendelson, Rev. Dr. H. M. eta ae L. Merrill,
See H. Dodge, Samuel W. Fairchild, William B. O. Field, James B. Ford, Henry W. de Forest, Robert W. de Forest, Prof. W. J. Gies, Daniel Guggenheim,
Ogden Mills,
Hon. Ogden L. Mills, J. ea nares Dr. Lew: Morris, F rere R Newbold
Phen E. ied
Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Ph me F. R. Pier: James R. Pitcher,
A. Place, Hon. Anning S. Prall, Charles F, Rand, Ogden Mills Reid, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. H. M. Richards, John D. Backetelied William Rockefeller, W. Emlen Roosevelt, Prof. H. H. Rusb Dr. ee H. Sayre, ny
Valentine P. Snyder, James Speyer, Frederick oe F. K. Sturgis,
B. B. Tha: Charles G. Tiree
Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low,
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. Charles a Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, =r V. Eve: acy, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, s. Henry Mesanad, Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, ta George W. Perkins, Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. George D. Pratt, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Mrs. James Roosevelt,
Gs Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry =e SE Mrs. Jas. Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. if, ake
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs, F, F. Thompson.
PUBLICATIONS OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, mee illustrated, containing notes, news, and non-technical articles of general interest. Free to aJl members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy $1 card a year. [Not offered in ex-
change.] Now in its twenty-second volum
Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in ae and otherwise; devoted to fungi, including lichens; pear fem technical ardeles and news and notes of es interest, and an index to current tenet mycological fteritiire. $4.00 single ries not for sale. [Not offered 1 in exchange.] Now in its thirteentll
volum
Pt quarterly, devoted exclusively to colored plates aceon ied by popular ie escriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, thirty-two in each volume. Subscription price, $10.00 a year. [Not offered in exchange.] Now in i sixth vi
Bulletin of the ts York Botanical Garden, containing oe ii reports of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and t ical articles em- pears results of inusetieations carried out in the Cae [ae to all mem-
s of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. Now in its tenth volume.
completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume set consist of four or more
each. ol. 3, part I, 1910. ougeueeone peo ol. 7, part 1, 1906; pi rt 3, 1912; parts 4 and 5, 1920; part 6, 1921. Giiasiacne-"Aceiiaene tears (Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold separate Vol. 9 Gow complete), parts 1-7, 1907-1916. Polyporaceae—Agaricaceae (pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer sold separately.) Vol. 10, part I, 1914; Bae and 3, 1917. Agari nee (oar). Vol. 15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. “Sofeen aceae—Leucob
Vol. 17, part I, 1909; part 2, 1912; part 3, 1915. Typhac eae —Poaceae (pars). Pe a 21, part 1, 1916; part 2, 1917; part 3, 1918. Chenopodiaceae—Allionia-
, parts 1 and 2s 19053 parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913; part 6, 1918. Podasierineccae nee ol. 2 echt aaoTge es Ce Fabaceae (pare): Vol. 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae—Burseraceae.
Vol. 32, part L 1918. Rubiaceae (pars).
Vol. 34, part 1, 1914; part 2, 1915; part 3, 1916. Carduaceae—Anthemideae.
Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to aims: of the Garden, $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. ot Pies in ext
Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana, and the Yelm stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 re with detailed map. 19
Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Devel ment, by D. acDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 les 8 1903.
Flora of the Vicinity of New ee ‘ "Contribution to Plant Geog- rie - Norman Taylor. vi + 683 pp., iscsi 9 plates. Vol. VI. Papers ars at the Celebration of the Twe ntjeth Anniversary
of the New York Botanical Garden. viii + 592 pp., with 43 plates and many
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members of the staff, lee reprinted from jou other than the a; ae Price, 25 cents each. $5.00 per volume. In the ninth
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Bronx Park, New York City
Vol. XXII May, 1921 No. 257
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS PAGE Further Botanical Studies in Trinidad 93 Guide to the Economic Museum 102 ird the tanical Garde 103 Conference Notes for A 105 Notes, News and Comment
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Ns Ss LANCASTER, PA
iso INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFIOERS, 1921 PrEsIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON VicE-PRESIDENTS { HENRY 2 Oe ORE Sy FREDERIC S. LEE TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922 HENRY de ed BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires J: pets 1924 HN L. BRIT WIS aaa ORR ENRY W. Tht FOREST FREDE RIC R. NE W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN SHOMP SON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE Mayor or THE City or NEw YorE HON. JOHN F. HYLAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN i SCIENTIFIC ee
ROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairma UGENE P. BI CKNEL L PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE I AM J PR
. PRA PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Pug, dint DR. een K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) R. W. A. MUR L, Supervisor of Public Instruction
O DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Foanomie Chee ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mos DR. AOE WILLIAM | Honorary Curator of Fossi i} Plants
ARTHUR J. COR BETT, Superintendent of Buildi Sep and tian KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII May, 1921 No. 257
FURTHER BOTANICAL STUDIES IN TRINIDAD!
To THE SCIENTIFIC DrrEcTOoRS OF THE NEW YorK BOTANICAL GARDEN. nage Pursuant to aia granted by the Board of Managers, I have continued botan study and collecting in Trinidad, Brivsh West Indies, eae New York on February 21, 1921, and returning on April 25, travelling both ways on
2) + oO 2 BS Oo = a a) > ct. = ao ioe | = | Qa 2 ory he
ine, e objects of the trip were to supplement observations and sleet made by us in Trinidad a year ago as another contri-
Y Univesity and The United States National Museum. Mrs. d me; also Dr. Fred J. Seaver of our curatorial staff, Profesor ae van Ingen, of Princeton University, ith Mrs
W. E. Broadway, Assistant Botanist, Mr. F. W. Urich, Entomo- logist, and other members 7 the Trinidad Department of Agri- culture aided us in many ways, and Miss Minerva Hart, Libra rian of the Public oo Port of Spain, was enue helpful on all occasion
YJourn, NX. Y. Bot. Gard, 21: 101. 1920.
93
94
ver paid especial attention to the fungi, and the series im
ormation about plant mabl w extinct, but an exhai tive investigation of Trini aed palaeobotany requires prolonged residence in the vicinity of the outcrops; he also took many
phs. Our studies and collections were made for the most part at
savanna areas and parts of the Bocas i iends were dascat wus in search of rare species or for f species formerly collected. We arrived at Por t of Spain on the evening 0
tions in the lowland forests at Arima and n alencia, wher as , a fine colony of the rare sedge Diplacrum longifolium was found, interesting because its capitate inflor- cence simulat of thern bur-re (Sparganium) Here for the first time, the curious sedge-like Rapatea,
teristic; her s. Britton detected a very rare little leafless ink-flowered species of Leiphaimos of the tia amily, growing in the forest mould, rolonged search revealed only
tp a few individuals of this highly interesting species. Two
1Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 21: 112. 1920.
95
were here given to care of collections and herbarium cee rch
as compared with that eae hes in Florida anc norton West Indies, and all it f wide t the marine algae are also few. A coastal hill, ‘amiderlaid by de:
. On sae 12 we studied the ne woodlands on un eee as s Cut toward Belle View; here, in
young plants of the Carat Palm (Sabal ney wtih
we had supposed to be restricted in distribution to forests of the central and southern parts of Trinidad.
A most successful and altogether enjovable excursion was
de on March 13 to Morne Bleu, in the northern mountain
F
1500 to over 2000 feet, and rich in species of many kinds of
96
plants. Wet banks were covered with the little a flowered h many kinds
ry ok na
visit, was seen along a road!. Among cee Alchornea sabe of the Spurge a with delicate drooping tassels of green flowers and a species of the Myrtle Family with large thick leaves and a fruits an inch long were of especial interest. Dr. Seaver many fungi in this forest. The next day was wholly ae for the care and preservation of the specimens collected at Morne Bleu.
A visit was made with Mr. W.E. Broadway, Assistant Botan-
ou Pe) eee a con border. On March 16 a long to be re- membered visit was made to the mountain forest on the slopes of the Heights of Aripo, ee Compenicy b y Mr. Freeman and Mr. F. W. Urich, Ent f the pes ear of Agriculture. Mr. Urich had previously explored this district and he made ar- rangements for guides and bearers with Mr. L. S. Dade, to whom
Qa
a a noteworthy addition to the known flora of Trinidad. noth plant of much interest is the small tree Schoenobiblos gravdifali the only Trinidad representative of the Thymeleaceae; it is
1Dr. Pennell has identified it as Tovenia Thouarsti, not hitherto known from Trinidad.
97
dioecious, both kinds of flowers in round heads, and we were fortunate in securing good specimens of both. ie the forest
suffused with delightful alicia > as dia flowers, small and yellow, borne on mediu zed trees; ferns, mosses and hepatics were everywhere in pe Coen and variety and many fungi were obtained.
nm March 18 collections were made in a forest at Arima.
On March 19 we drove with Mr. Broadway to the southern coast
wi e 1t: t, narrow, ore ae pods; a fine ee -flowered oe grows on a coastal bluff; in the pens we found good specimens of the white- vais L pomges senicantia, the ies filial tically hairy. uch of tk the Jigger tree aes very conspicuous through its masses of sma al white flowers, and highly interesting as an arboreous member of the Acanthus Family.
h 20 we went to Point Cumana, on the western coast,
brackish soil bordering mangrove swamps, an unusual habitat for a species of its family, and we were fortunate in finding it both flowering and fruiting. Another visit was to the Piarco Sava arc. , and we revisited the O'Meara Savanna o ese nnas we were in search for two small herbaceous plants collected there some years ago, but
24 we eae our base of operiieds from Port of Spain to Las Lilas, a country estate of Mr. J. W. Stephens in the Mont- serrat Hills, which Mr. Stephens had kindly placed at Mr. Free- man’s disposal for scientific purposes. M panied us; also Mr. W. Nowell, Assistant Director of Agriculture,
98
ae oC Nowell. Las Lilas proved a comfortable and conve- ent place for the study of several districts. On March 25 we aa the high dense forest along the Guayaguayare Road
tr rees are especially IME essive: and oe ee oblong pods con- taining I or few seeds d tint
ing. As in other mora forests visited, seedling trees are very abundant. A shrub, apparently of the genus Psychotria (Rubia-
. aba and March 28. A species of Bauhinia, a long woody vine of the
hig re c cuous masses 0: wers. The beautiful bromeliad, Hohenbergia stellata, with Ss fl re We first
mad arch 28, and Hs flowing days were given to care of the collections for the most Paine os on the northeastern coast, was visited with Mr. Broadway on March 31 and enue of ue veectation of bata banks and rocks were made. The
ys were given
to garden and herbarium studies, and in eairemoon s e trans- ferred our base to Gasparee Island, remaining there until I april 7 using the er-launch Marie for visits to the Bocas Islands, making collections supplementary to those obtaine these islands a y' n April 3 we went to Chacachacare Island escorted by Mr. Freeman and Mr. Nowell, and 1
pleasure is excursion of the company of Sir Francis Watts
this Imperial Commissioner of Agriculture for the West Indies, who
99
had come from Barbadoes to attend an intercolonial ae
as) o po 3 = os wm Pty t 2 ct g Oo ® fon) S aa & d 8
ne the a was a most successful one. We were again indebted to Captain Mendes = Mrs. Mendes, at La Tinta, for aid
ital Sea at Domas Bay, Monos Island, and tra- versed Ge mae part of that islarid, finding much of interest.
lo mens; the Seen Peperomia of this flora was abundant
new to u ite unexpected, as was also a small gnarled tree a species of Elaphrium (Burseraceae), gro’ n the roc. 0S
ie side of the island was taller and more Men in species than e had supposed. Collections were made on Gasparee Island and on Little Cae on April 6, aad we cane to Port of
100
Spain on April 7, in time to attend the reception of His Excellency Sir John Chancellor and Lady asia to the delegates of the Intercolonial Educational Conference at Government House, taking raat a of this delienthulo occasion to study the charm- ing eee
On April . we ne e with Mr. Broadway to Siparia, and clos
climbing aroids oth ines, incl g a beautiful purple- flow Solanum drooping from a tall tree and a Bignoniad with large yellow flower: er a tall tree with broa leaves, which s bladdery fruits that rattle in the wind
e is abundant here, and one of the native species of Annona, which has large, warty fruits, was seen with interest.
Salin eBay, on ne ecm Coast and the wonderful Mor F were studied on oie 10, eth Mr. and Mrs. Nowell. In a mangrove swamp at Saline Bay we Eee a colony of a Crinum with bulbs deeply ace in the
A very interesting excursion was made on April 11 to swampy forest, ponds and wet meadows near the ‘Caroai River south of rima. ds were full of white and pink water-lilies
flowers, and Pentaclethra filamentosa of t aceae, W long spikes of flowers with b white filaments; Henrietella, a small Melastomad tree wa: in bloom, its small pinkish flowers
s also in blo t borne on twigs below the leaves, and the woody pods of A palaioa, a marsh tree of the Cassia Family, were obtaine On April 12 we drove to the Pitch Lake near Brighton on the
101
western coast, making collections there and at points on the way.
ere obt. dn he oO sides nearby yielded specimens of some trees and marie Our
final excursion of the trip was made on Apr the famous Aripo Savanna, always a region of hea en with its ide grassy Fang enclose forests. t
stream, said to be the home of large strangling snakes, which we did not see, is a watergarden of great beauty.
Through the kindness of Mr. Freeman, our Cactus investiga- tion was aided by his obtaining for us fine specimens of t
oO
Dr. R ro: study of incomplete mater: ‘0 be species new to science, pes pees eG in edeeanaeon to Toba ) I
an inquiry recently made relative to timbers the northern South American region which might be available the
ods urpose in Trinidad are those Mora (Dimorphan sa), Balata (Mimusops Balaia) and White Poui (Tabebuia patsy olia). Of these, the la: said t t
most durable in the soil, but in Trinidad, at least, is the most
mens, esas as an average of about four specimens of each
coo: erating institutions a fo} eal as ganas 1 also obtained in exchange several hun dred specimens from the her-
cessions to our represetitation of this interesting flor:
102
our arrangement with the ee Herbarium Ga the has bee
to proceed there this summer and make callectones in regions not visited by Dr. Hitchcock. Respectfully ee N. L. Britton, Director-in- ae
GUIDE TO THE ECONOMIC MUSEUM
On April 30th, Dr. H. H. by’s Guide to the Economic Afus- eum of the New York ae ee was issue s the work is a catalogue of extensive collec ices assembled to emphasize the importance of plant life to t tribution
o the literature of economic botany that has ceria value
and should Yikes distinctly useful es from the special service
it was ae red t rm.
Int: nen stresses one fact that every worker among t
=e z oO
tis paten t the economic species and the systematic
ie lar concepts. result, botanical identification of vegetable products is only possible when her- barium speci s are available that are known to represent the source plants. In order to do away with the loose methods that are an evil inseparabl useum ary cir- cumstances, the curators of the New York Botanical Garden col- lection have e persistent efforts to tie up to botanical sources the oe intended for es Neo and exhibition. Indeed, Dr. Rusby is able to state that in the pursuit of this object and
1 Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 11: 1-318. 30 Ap 1921.
103
in the extent to which it has been carried out, the collection of economic products in the New York Botanical Garden is pro- ‘bably unique
In the Guide: the classification of materials is made in ac- cordance with the nature of the products, and, in general, ac-
centuates botanical affinities onl n species are ar ed in botanical SS as bea Saees This classification f eneral purp seems to over a
advantages strictly eae ee although ‘ eed to a wide separation of ay oe of the same spec he ideal it ae in two series, one to exhibit Bie cee the ec crea Nave a family, aa aia to oo
ed to similar uses, ee the disadvant ge of dupli ti ial
akes inordinate demands on valuable space. The best treatment for lic exhibitions is undoubtedly one that illus- trates the different categories under which raw products enter the pate tt field, and it : ve ipatment that characterizes the Guide to f the New York Botanical Garden.
Combined with the descriptive text which accompanies each of the twenty-six main divisions, the list of species and products
Pp literature of economic botany. OakEs AMEs.
BIRDS IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN
Thi have been 11 bl
Dic one for the obeery ation ci bind: life in the Garden, but ae cimer of observers engaged in this ees outdoor recreation has doubtless been greater than r before, which would at least
partly account for the many species noted. The ees vem
104
from the South were the red-wing blackbird and robin during the first week of March. Next came the bluebird, whose pres-,
somewhat straggling host of others, representing many species and including some of our most beautiful native birds. A num- ber of these warblers are rarely seen and then only by persistent effort, for the majority of them breed farther north and may
Park. (It was estimated that about 1,000 bodies of the smaller birds were scattered aie evidently killed by striking the head against glass or other parts of the tall buildings near.)
Returning again to yon a of migrants that nest with
thrush or veery and the wood thrush, all of these being fine song- sters and frequently heard along our walks.
Another nesting bird, but a more or less permanent resident, the wood duck, appeared May 7th, surrounded by 14 lively youngsters, on a small pond not 300 yards from the Museum
the world had evidently been hard on hee what with weasels,
105
snapping turtles and perhaps still worse, h side.
© pass from one of the largest to the very smallest bird n
the larger trees, and already the young are flying about, almost or quite able to care for themselves (May 22nd).
And speaking of cavities in trees, recalls an incident that hap- pened a number of weeks ago. It seems a bluebird, recently ar- rived, was examining rather carefully a hollow limb, evidently
: : ‘Idi ae :
t shortly appeared on the scene and a fight promptly began for
not wholly desirable Gureae with which remark these brief notes must be closed, although many of our very commonest birs have not been mentioned
R.S. W.
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR APRIL.
The conference of the scientific staff and registered students
of the Garden for April was held on the afternoon of April 6th.
Murrill discussed ‘‘Resupinate Polypores” and
exhibited various specimens of this interesting and important group of fun.
Dr. Murrill’s s subeations on this group are to be found chiefly
in Volume 9 of North American Flora, and in Mycologia for Sep-
tember, 1919; January, March, and November, 1920; and March
106
and May, 1921. He has described about Io new genera and 80
new species, out of tal of about 140 species treated; has re- duced many specific name ynony any new combinations. There still remains considerable work to :
s ce oo difficulties of the group were thus presented by Murr
es resupinate polypores are particulary difficult for several reasons. In the first place, they lack the definite shape whic
w. n e mostly small, the characters that are present being necessarily on a small scale.
‘‘As a rule, each individual specimen has to be examined with the microscop' , even then, the well- known variability i in
fe) = ian 9 oO = = oO c. 6.3 oO ca 5 mn = chs + ® wn = = 3 > ot oO on 3 La} | fi
S cciden $ among pileate species non give considcrable t rouble because of their pe resemblan o forms uniformly resupinate, and for this reason a wide a east knowledge of pileate forms is
“The white and bright- — reupmat are more oe ficult ore
those having access to fresh specimens or to recently collected ial.”
materia “erbari i Iso badl xed and it is necessary
in rly all cases to get at the oe types for comparison.
with originals and distributed to all the eae taxonomic centers for the use of students for indentifica :
A. B. Stout. Secretary of the Conference.
107 NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
The John Burroughs Memorial Association was inaugurated on April 15 at a meeting of a number of his friends at the Amer-
water, Mr. Kermit Roosevelt, Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, Mrs. ee Ford, and Mr. W. O. Roy
fty members of the Woman’s Municipal League, including her
eM sion under the supervision of Mrs. M. G. Shale w pea the excursion.
Professor H. H. Whetzel of Cornell University and Dr. C. Ferdinandsen, professor in plant pathology at the Royal Agri- cultural College, Copenhagen, were among the recent visitors at
e Garden. Professor Whetzel is planning to spend:a year in Bermuda a his time to a aut es of the aa of the islands, especial! t
gpl
Dr. Van Evrie — visited the vend on Saturday, May 21, with a number of teachers from va s parts of the city and was shown exhibits ace interest in on with nature-study work
. H. E. Thomas, assistant ies of plant pathology in Cornell University, recently spent a day at the Garden looking over our collections of ere fungi
Dr. H. S. Jackson of Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. spent a few days at the Garden recently looking over specimens of plant rusts.
108 Dr. H. A. Gleason, Assistant Director, left the Garden early n June for British tere jana eg order to make extensive botanical salen in that
Bulletin 41, a by Dr. H. H. Rusby, honorary curator of the economic collections, was issued April 30, 1921. It con-
t pro S$; 7,0! Separates of ne bulletin have been bou and placed on sale at $2.00 each. It is reviewed ona previous page by Mr. Oakes Ames. M eteorology for March:— ‘The total ee for the month mperi
24° on the 5th, 29° on t h, 23° on the Toth, and 30
21st and 77° on the 25th. The minimum temperatures were: 29° on the 2nd, 30° on the 11th and on the 12th, 37° on the roth and 47° on the 27th.
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Fritz Achelis, orace Hardi Edward D. Adams,
Charles B. Alexander,
Vincent Astor, R. A. Harper, John W. Auchincloss, AE a Haskell, George F. Baker, A. Havemeyer, Stephen Baker, i Heckscher,
Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffm Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, in
Eugene P. Bicknell, C. K. G. Billings, George Blumenthal, George S. Brewster,
Walter B. Jennings, Otto H. Kahn,
Prof. James F. Kemp, Darwin P. erie Edw. V. Z. L
Dr. MiehOlaa M: Butler, Dr. Albert R. Renee Prof. W. H. Carpenter,
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, eee rk, V. Everit Macy,
Edgar L. Marston,
A. Coffin, oe 12h Co It, Marin Le Brun oe Paul D. Cravath, elie McMillin, Charles Deering, r. Walter Mendelson, Rey. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Jin L. Merrill, lsc H. Dodge, Ogden Mills,
uel W. Fairchild, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, William B. O. Field, James B. Ford, Dr. Lew: Henry W. de Forest, Peyen ss dak Robert W. de Forest, C.D. N Prof. W. J. Gies, Eben E. ne Daniel Guggenheim,
Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack,
Ira A. Place,
Ogden Mills Reid, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. H. M. Richards, John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, W. Emlen Roosevelt,
‘Prof. H. H. Rusby,
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Mortimer L. Schiff, Albert R. Shattuck, Henry A. Siebrecht, William Sloane, Valentine e Snags
James Spe
Frederick ome
F. K. Sturgis,
B. B. Thayer,
Charles G. Thompson, W. Boyce Thompson, Dr. W. Gilman Thompson Louis C. Tiffany, Felix M. Warburg, Paul M. Warburg, Allen Wardwell,
. H. Westinghouse, Bronson Winthrop, Grenville L. Winthrop.
=
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, “ini Gustav E. Kissel,
A. Hutcheson, Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
i, Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs. John I. Kane
Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs . F. Thompson.
Provisions for Banetacior: Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Membetl Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members
1. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by te
or by bequest shall entitle the Cepek to be a benefactor of the Gard 2. Patrons
The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden 3. Fellows for Life
The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 4, Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $1000.00, 5. Sustaining Members
Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 iat and become
fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.01 6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. All members are entitled to the following privileges:
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers.
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
M
anagers. 3. A copy of all handbooks published by the Garden. 4. A copy of all annual reports and Bulletins.
5. A copy of the monthly Journal.
6. Privileges of the Board Room.
7. Life Members Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00, Information Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members throu the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building at 3 o'clock. Form of Bequest I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of
Vol. XXII June, 1921 No. 258
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
‘ CONTENTS
PAGE Mhe Cherry Garden Shelter............00c.ccccccccceucusccuvecasceess 109 PRP URECIRO TID IS TOWING cfs 3ico cieccizuisis se nib wis sieiaiele's aisle einleja nin crams weteaa viv ebeny 110 Wisitifrom High School Pupils........0..scesccescvcnedecsceecctectcace 112 Spring Inspection of Grounds, Buildings and Collections ............. 112 Notes, sd PART EA AMID INDENT ELD bia oie Sr cla el ae: ois'e' ela ele so ets a (ate wrdisia hash nicid eta leiasie cia Sia 113 Accessions ........... etabstataretes nietetarete tats steal Gralay ova fataisiete oisis) stn eta tik tages 115
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 8 West Kinc STREET, LANCASTER, Pa. INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFICERS, 1921 : PrEsSIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON HENRY W. DeEFOREST VicE-PRESIDENTS | FREDENIC S. LEE TREASURER—JOHN L, MERRILL ASSISTANT bial DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS ‘m expires January, 1922
HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVATH AD! eet ea SOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPS
Term expires January, ae EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924 N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD Lae HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
Tue Mayor oF THE City or NEw York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLiC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairm EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE R. NICHOL at ee BUTLER HO ANNING S. PRALL aS Be pecireat ee F. HERBERT M. RICHARDS F. JAMES F MP PROF, HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. i ee ree Bizet. Chief (Development, Administration) A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN ra SMALL, Head’ Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) R. W. A. MURRILL Supervisor of Public Instruction
U DR. JOHN HENDLEY BA NHART, Bibliographer RAH H. HA ibrarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRIT TTON, Hontrara Curator of Mosses DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants cs WIL : j ist
ve =
6% aLlvIg NAGUV) ‘IVOINVLOG MYOA MAN SHE gO IVNuNO[
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXIT June, 1921 No. 258
THE CHERRY GARDEN SHELTER WITH PLATE 257
Am the various aria needed for the development of the Caner included in plans of the Endowment Committee of the Board of apa the recently built Cherry Garden Shelter is one of the most useful and interesting.
Situated on the crest of a knoll lying between the Cherry Gar-
a ri
beyond. To the south there is a long vista through the Mag- nolia Valley : and to the north - Vv we is closed by the fine group
of beech trees along the Rive a quaint touch of Old in thie Cherry Garden Shelter
is) roo! making a delightful foil to the gracefully drooping een of the
ge th ri the piers are intermediate supports of old os trelliced also in
109
110 native fashion. With balconies on the ends and rear, the sh« is surrounded on three sides by a light railing, the fourth open to the Cherry\ Garden. i stone seats provide res elte he structure! bears a pene tablet with the following scription: Cherry ane 7 buil Niven ‘rd a Elizabeth Cie Britton in memory © Charles Patrick Daly and Maria Lydi ig D Benefactors or re
New York Botanical Garden Joun R. BRINLE
STEWARDSON BROWN
By the death of Mr. Stewardson Brown at his home i in Germ
8 2 i) ° a Nol nN 7 ion 6 o. :¥) 5 =) a pet} a n 2 =
r. Brown was ermantown on April 29th, 1867 was a member of a distinguished family, descended fr e came from England to Massachusetts i great-grandfather Thomas Stewardson wa ply intere mie lants ° f the founders of the Horticultural Soci of Philadelphia and his more immedia e i lovers of plants and of flowers. His botanical studies bega:
his boyhood, while in the Germantown Academy, from wt institution he was graduated in pe as ai as 1882 he wz
‘ The plans and specifications for the well as supervision of its construction, were contri ribub ed, without se rge, by Brinley, Landscape Engineer ot the Ga rden, who was aided in his desigi
r. Louis irt the direction of Mr. Arthur J. Cort Sy uperintendent of Buildings and Sa without having recourse to contractor. (EpDIToR.)
lil
member of a natural history club which shee ne the flora, early bec
nteer assistant to Mr. Meehan in the herbariu ca i
in the Proceedings of the Phila- delphia Academy, 1909: 486-494. He also accompanied me to Porto Rico in the early part of 1915, where we made large col- lections.!
I first made his acquaintance about 1891], either at the her- ele of the Philadelphia Academy or on one of the joint field
ompa mens of many species of plants of the local floras of Philadelphia and New York; he was elected a member of the Torrey Botanical Club on May 14th, 1893. Brown was an enthusiastic collector but not a voluminous uthor. He published in 1905, with Dr. Ida A. Keller, a very teil “Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity,” a work of 360 pages, and in 1907, his ‘‘Alpine Flora of the Cana- dian Rocky Moutains,” 353 pages with many reproductions
1 Journ. N. Y. Bo. Gard. 16: 103-112.
112
of aes drawings and of photographs by Mrs. Charles Schae N. L. Britron
VISIT FROM HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS
200 biology pupils from the Washington Beli High es visited the Garden on the forenoon of M y, June 13, to study tropical plants in the conservatories; po ee ae
t
were in charge of Miss Mullen and several other teachers in biology. The lecture was given by Mr. Taman,
forenoon of T day, June 14, at the Garden i charge of Dr. ody a: i
charge of Mr. Mann and several of his teachers spent the after- noon of Thursday, June ae in carrying out their usual program at the Garden, beginning at near the Elevated Station and taking up herbaceous plants and trees, prior to the museum work and lecture. Mr. Hastings occupied the platform and spoke to the pupils on the subject of Forestry
the gro r total of over 1,300 pupils were in Reeri at the fhieees series of lectures and demonstrations. W. A. MuRRILL
SPRING INSPECTION OF GROUNDS, BUILDINGS AND COLLECTIONS
The spring aie was carried out ponsenane on the afternoon of Thursday, May 5, 1921, including a visit to Con- servatory Range 1, where pee attention was given to the col-
113
lections of palms, ferns and their cee aroids, ere and tropical water plants. The party then proceeded to t
n. The party then proceeded by motor cars to Conservatory
house, and thence to the Cherry Garden Shelter. Tea was served in the Mansion by the members of the Women's Auxiliary present.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT A lJong-needed connection between parts of the path-system east and west of the River Road at the lower end of the Cherry Garden Valley, in a grove of beech trees, has recently been effect-
he work possible by a gift of money from Mr. Leon Schinasi, through Mr. Daniel Guggenheim, Chainnan of the Endowment Com- mittee of the Board of Managers. An underground gasteromycete, apparently a species of Hys lerangium, was brought to me about the middle of February by Mr. L. Robba, who collected it with a trained truffle dog under
lay’ three inches of leaves, but the tiny “puffballs” were frozen and made very poor specimens when dried. The spores were rather
114
rough, ovoid, and distinctly umber-brown under a microscope. Mr.
ic larly ‘‘interested”’ in the find, only scratching a little to mark the spot and then walking away. The plants were unearthed by
into the soil. There must have been some odor present, other- wise the dog would not ne been attracted. What we need here in the East is an army of enthusiasts ae
le dogs would also be invaluable. This is a matter for mycological and botanical clubs to consider. The autumn is the best season for such work. A
ae New York Bird and Tree Club met Saturday, May 28th, arden, taking their luncheon at the Mansion. The eh object of their visit was a study of trees, following a sug-
20th at the Swiss Chalet in Central aes Among other in- teresting sights that of a humming bird on its nest brought a thrill to many who had never before ee this rare privilege.
The Girl Scouts ot the Bronx came to the Garden by troops
grounds to see and hear about the natural features and the chief cultivated areas
. Stout spent two bare) ade June at the State Ex-
perimental Station at Geneva, N. Y., in making of flower types in grapes ah in the ee, of breeding for seedless sorts of h ork is being done i operation
g with the Department of Horticulture of the Experimental Station.
The following visiting botanists have registered in the library
during the spring: Mr. Carlton D. Howe, Morrisville Mr Melchers, Manhattan, Kansas; Miss Elsie M. Wakefield, yal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn,
Ben Vt.; Prof. Arthur S. Graves, New Haven, Conn.;
115
Prof. F. E. Lloyd, McGill apa Prof. W. W. Rowlee and Dr. H. E. N. ; H
ap : ;
G. Streeter, Jersey City, N. J.; Prof. W. A. Setchell, Berkeley,
Calif.; Mr. W. W. Eggleston, Washington, D.C. ren ns. Louise
Sander, ae Belgium; Prof. John W. Harshberger, Philadel-
phia, Pa.; Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, Chicago, I.; Mr. C. Ferdinand- k; Prof. G. W.
L. Bray and Henry F. A. Meier, Syracuse University.
ay Ee cial feos iy precipitation ue oe month 2.62
The d for each ee were or errs ae on ee 8th, 81° on the oth, 92° 0 the 22nd and 84%° onthe 29th. The minimum ape
were va on oF 6th and on the 12th, 42° on the 17th and 41° on the 2.
ACCESSIONS LIBRARY, FROM FEBRUARY I TO APRIL 30, 1921
Acta forestalia fennica. Vol 2 Helsingforsiae, 1913-20. (Given by the Forstwissenschaftliche Geaellechaft { in Finnla:
Ames, Oakes. Orchidaceae; Fascicle VI. Boston, 1920. (Given by the author. 5
Casares Git, ANTONIO. Flore ibérica. Briofitas 1. Hépaticas. Madrid,
Conmisséo de lunhas ielegraphicas estrategicas de Matto-Grosso ao Amazonas. Publicacdo 26, 38, 40, 41, 43, 45, 51. Rio de Janeiro, 1914-19. (Given by the Ameri ie m oO} ural
ory.) Czapek, Friepricu. Biochemie der Pflan. Ed, 2, Vol. 3. Jena, 1921. DELILE, ALIRE RAFFENEAU. [Afémoires a ean de la ‘‘Descrip-
is, 181 LDEMAN, EMILE Aveo Josep. Mission Emile Laurent. Fasc. I-§ (1903-1904) Bruxelles, 1905-07. Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens. Cudagie of “i ae iii: a received or incorporated in the years 1898-1915. London, (Given by
, JOHANN. Pomona franconia. 3 vols. Ntirnberg, 1776-79. MATscuvrs, Junzo. Icones p'antarum koisikavenses. Vols. 1-3. Tokio, 911-19.
ts] A
116
MrvaseE, Kinco, & Kuno, ea Icones of keido. Fasc. 1-3. Sapporo, ae (Given by Shinichi ss Park international. Vols. 1, 2. Washington, 1920-2 Quarterly journal - ores. vole 12- 14. London, 1918-20. (By ex- Rov: ish A learal
change with the ee of the pions of lists. Vols. 1, 2. 1884-1911. (Given by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.) , HENRY RD. (oo of three hundred new species of South
USB H Americon plants. New York, 192 NT, CHARLES SPRAGUE, ed. Plantae Wilsonianae. Vols. 1-3. Cam- bridge, pare Aw, GEORGE RussELt. The genus Pinus. Cambridge, 1914. Smita, GILBERT Morcan. Phytoplankton of a ae lakes of Wisconsin.
KER, E ARIA, comp. Catalogue i. “library of the Arnold um. . Cambridge, 1914-17. University of California. ered school of tropical pela aae sia mide experiment station. Publications Vols. 1-3. Riverside, 1913-2 (Given by fi :
WIESNER, JULIUS VON. Die aan des Pflanzenretches. Ed. 3, Vel. 2. Edited by T. F. Hanausek & J. Moeller. Leipzig, 1918. WIson, Ernest Henry, & ee ALFRED. A monograph of azaleas.
g2I. SCHE, FRIEDRICH Otro. Die Kryptogamen Deuischlands. Die hoheren Kryptogamen. Leipzig, 1875. (Given by Dr. S. M. Stocker.)
MusEUM AND HERBARIUM
Ispecimen of Dothichlee sp. from Virginia. (By exchange with the Bureau pee Industry. pecimen of Dothichloe abegs from British Guiana. (Byexchange on, he Bureau of Plant In I specimen of Naucoria Hon New York City. (Collected by Dr. F. J. Seaver. 2 aes of Macropodia semitosta. (By exchange with Mr. Burtt Lee 3 specimens 0} with Mr. W. R. Maxon.) I ae of oe ce from the Bahamas. (By exchange with Mr. L. J. K. Bra 40 ante of fungi from Porto Rico. (Collected by Prof. F. L. Stevens.) 2 specimen: . Gymnopus dryophilus from Alaska. (By exchange with Mr. see C. Stan specimens a "Boletus from Massachusetts. (By exchange with Dr. E. T. Haree er. 9 specimens of fleshy fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Prof. F. S. Earle.)
¢ Habalobilus eilous f he Hawaiian Islands. (By exchange
117
4 specimens of fungi from New Brunswick, New Jersey. (By exchange with Mr. G. W. Martin
i specimen of Monodelpius illudens from Texas. (By exchange with Dr. j. : Estee hau
mens of ae rusts is the West Indies. (Taken from flowering ae “collection by Dr. . Seaver.) 1 specimen of etl i fi he Bahamas. (Taken from ebtei Lee collection b F. J. Sea I spec of Funalia pe from Diah. Us exchange with Prof. A. O. Garrett.
3 specimens of fungi from North Carolina and South Carolina. (By ex- change with Dr. W. C. Coker.) 3 specmens of fungi from the southeastern United States. (By exchange with the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C.) 3 specimens of fungi from Colorado. (By exchange with Prof. Ellsworth Bethel. en of Geaster ahead from the New York Botanical Garden. (cee by Mr. R. S. William: pecimen of Coriolellus pa ‘California, (By exchange with Prof. H. E. is ) 500 specimens of fungi, “Fungi polonici exsiccati,” fasc. 1-20. (Distributed by Dr. F. Petra 150 caine of fungi, “ Mycotheca carpatica,” fasc. 1-6. (Distributed by Dr. F. tak.) i, ‘Fungi albanici et bosniaci,”” fasc. 1-6. (Distributed
by Dr. F. Petrak.)
25 — of fungi from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. Parks.)
3 specimens of Gautieria from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E
Parks.)
97 imens of fungi from Pennsylvania. Pcenta by F. J. Seaver in collaboration with Cornell pineuane N.Y. Botanical Garden,Pennsylvania Sti olleg , and Syracuse University.)
acuse Univ specimen of Hypomyces from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. Parks. 9 specimens of boletes from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. Parks. 3 specimens of fungi from Alabama. (By exchange with Dr. R. P. Burke.) I specimen of Tyromyces chioneus from New Jersey. (By exchange with Mr. G. W. Martin. 33 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Prof. F. S. Earle.) 9 specimens of Poria from California. (By exchange with Prof. H. E. Parks.) 1 specimen of Abortiporus distortus trom New York. (By exchange with Dr. R. A. Harper.) 1 specimen - — mius from Tully, New York. (By exchange with Mr. Geo. T. Hastin,
118
I specimen of rhizomorphic strands of Armillaria meliea from New York. (By exchange wit Bas Mr. Geo. Donaldso mn.)
I spec|men o! fi Washington. State. (By ex- change with Mr. G. L. ‘Za ndel.)
3s ape “of polypores from Ohio. (By exchange with Prof. Bruce
I speciman of Prunulus galericulatus from New Yotk. (By exchange. th
408 specimens of flowering ae from Central New York. (By exchange with Cornell Univer rsity.)
plants from southern California. (By exchange with Ha rvard University.) 90 specimens of flowering ae from Glacier National Park, Montana.
(By exchange Mit 19 photographs of iypen specimens of Mimulus. (By exchange with the
U. S. Nat. Museum.)
If specimens of orchids from the local flora range. (Given by Dr. H. M.
Denslow.)
5 specimens of flowering plants from Long Island. (By exchange with
Mr. Roy Latham.
7 specimens of figworts from Texas. (By exchange with the University of Texas.
I specimen of Callirrhoé from Texas. (Given by Mr. Robert B. aia
I specimen of Obofaria virginica from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr.
R. Penne 15 specimens of flowering plants from Indiana. (Given by Mr. C.C. eam.
2 specimens of Veronica from Oregon. (Given by Professor C. V. ee 2 specimens of Verdnica from England. (Given by Dr. G. C. ce.) 36 specimens of flowering plants from Alaska. (By exchange ae Mr, J.
P. Anderson.)
270 specimens of flowering plants from Colorado. (By exchange with Mr.
IW. perael 29 specim of Carex from Wisconsin. (Given by . B. Stout.) 170 specimens aol mosses the Phillippine Tolanils: ae eg with
the Bureau of Science, Mani 25 specimens of flowering ae from Idaho and Wyoming. (Distributed
ie Mr. ayson.) 2 specimens of Lophiola from Nova Scotia. (By exchange with Harvard
University.)
Ispecimen of Frullania microphylla from Wales. (Given by Miss Annie
Lorenz.
16 specimens of marine algae from Chile. (By exchange with Pr ctesice
G. B. De-Toni.
6 specimens of marine algae from Bermuda. (Given by Dr. A. B. Her- y-)
119
2 specimens = fresh-water tag from Long Island, New York. (By ex- change with . Roy Latha 3 ae of hepaticae ion New England. (By exchange with Miss Annie Lorenz.) 9 specimens of Carex — the herbarium of the late C. B. Clarke. (By exchange with the Royal Gardens, Ke nglan 12 specimens of A ster and eis iii from Florida. (By exchange with Mr. Severi app. 13 specimens of flowering plants from western Florida. (Given by Mr. A. H. os n Cle colored lantern slides of roses and wild plants. (Distributed by the J. ieee Me rland Campany. 122 specimens of flowering plants from Mexico. (Collected by Mr. C. A. ‘pus.
6 . ca + 1 re he |
E l flora range. (Given by Dr. Arthur Hollick Pp
) ecimen of Erythronium from Arkansas. (Given by Prof. C. E. Nis-
bett.) 2 specimens of Russelia from Mexico. (By exchange with the U. S. Nat. Museum.) 40 specimens of cacti. (By exchange with the U. . Museum.) specimens of Mane American shrubs and aa pee corel with the Arnold Arbor .) I specimen of pie complanata from Mississippi. (Given by Prof. L. E. Mi 2 specimens, one moss and one fungus, from Madeira. (Given by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell.) 5 specimens of hepaticae from California. (Given by Miss Caroline C. Haynes. 5 specimens of algae from Texas. (Given by Dr. J. J. Taubenhaus.) 27 ane dines of North American plants. (By exchange with the U. S. ‘Nat. 12 phtoraph of species of Mesembryanthemum. (Given by Mr. N. E. Brow 1 specimen of Polygonum Watsoni from Oregon. (By exchange with Mr. James C. Nelson.) 1 specimen of Zorn hickory nuts. (Given by Mr. Willard G. Bixby.) specimens of flowering plants from Mt. Chachain, Peru. (By se
specimens of aedges: (By exchange with the Royal Gardens, Kew, England.)
15 specimens of flowering plants from Colombia. (By exchange with the U. S. Nat. Museum.
857 specimens of flowering plants from the Philippine Islands. (By ex-
change with the Bureau of Science, Manila.) specimen of Ochroma cinonensts from Panama. (Given by Prof. W. W. Rowlee.)
27 lantern slides of plants and vegetation of Trinidad.
.
120
9 lantern slides of views in The New York Botanical Garden 26 specimens 2 ferns and flowering plants from Central ‘America. (By exchange with . W. Rowlee. 1 lantern slide. G iven “ the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.) 4 lantern slides. (Given b rs. N. L. Britton.) 3 photographs of type se of Eupatorium, (By exchange with Harvard University.) 18 specimens of cacti. (By exchange with the United States National Museum.) 65 specimens of orchids from Borneo. (By exchange with Mr. Oakes Ames. 5 specimens of Quercus and Talinum. (By exchange with Rev. Bede Knapke. specimens of flowering plants from Trinidad. (By exchange with Har- vard nee ity.) 6 lantern slides of trees. (Purchased by the Garden.) I naire - Corrigiola littoralis from Oregon. (By exchange with Mr. seed C. Wilso: colored abies slides. (Purchased 2 the Garden.) > specimens of Mimulus from western North America. (By exchange with the Missouri Botanical Garden.) 110specimens of miscellaneous flowering plants. (By exchange with the Royal Gardens, Kew, Englan 14 specimens of flowering plants from Missouri. (By exchange with Mr. B. F. Bush.) 7 specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from Ohio. (By exchange with Mr. Lewis S. Hopkins.) 24 ae area slides of plants of Mt. Ranier, Washington. (Given by Mrs. N. L. n.) 3638 specimens “ot flowering plants from Venezuela. (Collected by Mr. ce Pittier. specimen of erate set pala (Given by ny. C. Nelson.) ong Island, New York. poe by Mr. W.
C. Ferguson.) I specimen of Monarda mollis from New York. (Given by Mr. Fred Dobbin.)
2 speciinens of Kregia from Vermont. (Given by Miss Elsie M. Kitt- redge. 93 a of flowering plants from Montana and Idaho. (Given by Prof. J. F. Kei
8 specimens a ‘flowering plants from Oregon. (Given by Mr. James C. Nelson.)
2 specimens of Salix from Long Island, New York. (Given by Mr. W. C. Ferguson.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Fritz Achelis,
Edward D. Adams, Charles B. Alexander,
Murry Guggenheim, J. Horace Harding,
J. Montgomery Hare, oe S. Harkness,
Vincent Astor, R. A. Harper, John W. Auchincloss, , Mae Haskell, George F. Baker, Havemeyer, Stephen Baker, scher,
Henry de Forest Baldwin, ee Hoffmann, Edmund L. Baylies, er M. Pecan, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, i Eug icknell,
ene P. B r. Walter B. James, Cc. K G. Billings, alter B. Jennings, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn,
George S. Brewster, Prof. N. L. Britton,
Prof. James F. Kemp, Darwin P. Kingsley, Edw. V. Z. Lane,
Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Adolph Lewisohn, Kenneth K. Mackenzie,
Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, C. A. Coffi dgar L. Marston, Samuel . J. Mathes
muel P. Colt, Marin Le Brun Cooper,
Paul D. Cravath, ne Deering, r. Wa’ r. H. M. Denslow, Tohn 1M oa H. Dodge,
Samuel W. Fairchild, William B. O. Field, J. Pierpont Morgan, James B. Ford, Dr. Lewis R. Morris,
Henry W. de Forest, Frederic R. Newbold, ca W. de Forest, C. D. Norton,
rof. W. J. Gies, Eben E. Olcott, ua feiserihetin:
Members of the Women’s
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, itton, Mrs. A. A 5
Nice: Charles MacVeagh, Mrs. V. Everi A.Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Prot. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Phipps,
F. R. Pierson,
James R. Pitcher,
Q =a ® af o
o
[=]
Ogden Mills Reid, Edwin A. Richard,
Prof. H. . Richards, Joh ckefeller, William Rockefeller
. Emlen Roosevelt
Prof. H. H.R Dr. Reginald i. aa
Valentine P. Snyder, James Speyer, Frederick Strauss,
F. K. Sturgis,
B. B. Thayer, Charles G. Thompson, vy Boyce Thompson,
r. W. Gilma n Thompso son
Louis C. Tiffany, Felix M. Warburg,
ronson Winthrop, Grenville L. Winthiray:
Auxiliary
Mrs. George D. Pratt, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mis Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Levies P. Ceies
. F, K. Sturgis, Mrs, F. F. Thompson
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ate NEW YORE gikedhiee GARDEN ‘onx Park, New York City
Vol. XXII July, 1921 No. 259
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS
PAGE Seminole Bread—The Conti 11
The New Horticultural Gardens Entrance and Fencing on the Southern Boulevard 138 The 1921 Dahlia Border 139 Autumn Lectures 140 Notes, News and Comment F 141 Accessions 142
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NCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener and aes fils Pinnlatces OUT, Director of the Lab DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer RAH H. HARLOW, re rarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections BE G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses
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“SUOIJB1OIapP [e410 ul pasn pue ‘pasedaid ‘paiayze8 are saaval ayL “purl ay? Jo Bulzeaps ayy Aq pajeurutsazxa ‘srayjo tt pue ‘Suryseaiey ssapyoea Aq paonpar yonur uaeq sey yIA013 JUepuNqe [euIsi0 ayy seoed Auew ur 49s !quarnosa siqz YUM pazejndod d J ‘23}e[d ur uMmoys st se peso sy} YW
payiojo Ajquepunqe se Aj1aULIO} alam puejauid Ay903 ayy jo sane AUR -aqe]d jo apis 34811 943 Jeau auoo (sa]yeurs) o7yeulUEys YY au ‘a[pprur ayy JNoqe sauos (aZre]) aJEINAo YUM JURg ‘shay aepe[Z1aaq ayy uo spoom autd ut o1yofessajus viUvZ
gSz ALV1g NAGUV IVIINVLOG WAOA MIN AHL 40 TwNunof
JOURNAL
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VoL. XXII July, 1921 No. 259
SEMINOLE BREAD — THE CONTI A History oF THE GENUS ZAMIA IN FLORIDA WITH PLATES 258 AND 259 | the annals of meee ih is one ee oe plant oned oftener than all t This is the Conti of the enti the ‘Florida ui the wiite man. a oe nti, in the Muskogee, of . the eine Seminole speech of Florida is a varient, signifles ‘flour-roo Sometimes the ad- jective hateka or hatkee vac is ee to differentiate it from other starch-producing plants; but Conti is applied only to mem- bers of the genus Zamia. Like many aboriginal or Indian names, the one in question
omtie, Koonti or Koontee. e others ut in some such eee the word dots the chronicles of Florida as aaa to “corn” run through the history of the world at lar: And
now this beautiful cycad that fae a staple supply ea starch to Florida’s aborigines, then to her ae and later to the white population, is in danger of exter
nd generally: these are but a few of them, that, if continued as at present, will soon relegate the once wide: -spread zamia to a dwindling career in ionehaien and gardens In this connection it is pecotded that “from the tubers of this plant oe Florida arrow-root is made. It is abundant in the
121
122
southern part of the State. The rua are large, frequently a foot long and three inches in diameter, rough and dark on the w.
are ferior ito that prepared by Americans with impr oved machi-
“Tn Florida ee Cycad [Zamia elas : veeey culti- for the sake of the starch contained in ee d
ets. r
in this industry upon the shores o: ay Bicayne and upon
mi River eee Below where it flows out from the Florida ae
“On the Ww grou a of Southern Florida grows a beautiful plant of te Cyeadacea, oe integrifolia me ., the ‘Coon- tie’ of the Indians, i h on. tains in the caudex and roots
led J
his ae ae the ane with food ae their ae nae with the United States and is now more o less cultivated.’
How early the cycads of Florida were referred to in the writ- ings and records of the pioneer travelers we do not know, but the technical botanical history begins with the printing of the _ ean of one of the species in 1789.
t origin, and the circumstances connected with the
h entury ago. ie ‘original collectors are not matoned u in connecdion with tne with th
until quite . there seemed to be. no record extant from which we might learn their identity.
For os past score of years two well- a species of the genus Zamia have been kndwn from oe
It is recorded that “reseaches have shown ‘that there are at least two species of Zamia in Florida, hee only one has hereto- fore ony Sa as as occurring. These are Zamia floridana DC. and Z. pum It was found that neither of the forms
1 apa Palmer, Bincrican aieleue 12: 60 ae 1878. r's Chronicle. N.S, 26: 146. 1886. 4 Valery Havard, Bulletin. of te Tor rrey Seam Club 107. 1895.
123
studied could be Scans to Z. integrifolia ae as has been done
heretofore, this bei very distinct West Indian species.’’! A note iiceta . ihe paper in which he oe regoing quotation occurs, follow: “The Cycads of Florida have recently been un t lude with certainty two ede Zamia
4a
Florida,” for that of the other merely “Flor ida, Geography and imagination have played important and in-
T localities "loi - on “East Florida”’ were the inciting factors that led to the solution of the problem In the a place, Florida represents satis territory, and fou
lan stems by the Indians, a ne upply o: ight have bee
or of merely the eastern coast of Florida. In this latter case a coast line of some five hundred and fifty miles would have to be 1 Herbert John Webber, Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture 1:
81. Igo0t. * George Reber Wieland, American Journal of Science. Ser. IV. 13: 332. 90.
124
conside red. Thus, a very simple geographic statement may
the De Candolle herbarium at Geneva.
Curiously enough, the tracings of the two specimens indicate the same species — not however, that of the more northern and early accessible eastern coastal region, but that of the interior
n an
already m ned on a mitoses ng page, both a the specific characters hern
flat-woods—pine-woods—east coast of Florida, below New
ounty.
It is of particular interest that the two perfectly distinct habi- tats for Zamia were nara by Bartram and Baldwin Lean ively, about the beginning of the nineteenth century. The tw
species, however, were referred to under the botanical name Zamia pumila—a species aa Hispaniola, and perhaps also some of the other West Indie:
William Bartram’, writing of experiences and objects in the
1 Herbert John Webber, Bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 1: 81. 1901.
William Bartram was born 9 February 1739, at the botanic garden of his father, John Bartram, at Kingsessing, near (now in) Philadelphia. He
ad the advantage of a better oe than his father, and was an artist of considerable ability. He w clerk in Philadelphia for a few years, and then a merchant in Carolina ae botany than bus- iness, In 1765 he joined his father i in ee ie splat: and when his father returned home in ae St. Jo nae ’s; but the next year he r ned to Kingsessing. Fro — 1778 he was en- gaged in botanical fe in the Carolinas, Georgia, pa Florida, of whi ch
125
Lake George region of Florida, records!: “The Zamia pumila,
1t which a green fern-like pinnated lea "The italics in the eae forests"’ are ours. Ce in the case of ‘“‘ham- ion.
William Baldwin? writing of aia and objects along
the lagoons south of the mouth of the Saint Johns River, re-
cords: ‘Next morn ing, etarehe the In : t at the southern point
of Penon Island, we ascended upper Mat: iver,—which run- 12
ntia
sign it its place in the: sexual system; Dioecia, Polyandria: natural order, Palmae. ve no books with me to refer to; but it is probably a new gems-~aporeaching very sane in habit to
bli in book form in 1 TE
1791. o asa study at the garden at Kingsessing, i in the homes of the | owt ers arden: ohn, later Colonel —and it was there that he died, 22 July 1823.—John Hendley Barohair. 1Tr, ae me North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida sui neue I in Newli hip, Chester oe Pennsyl- vania, 29 March oS After aad med! ici ine for several years, and taking a partial course in this subject at the ao o Pe reyvania, = erchant Philadelphia in
Antwerp, for China, Returning the allowing year, he ee He 807. He pra
ay, an tember 1819. any of his le ters: were edits in 1843, by his friend Darlington, under the title ‘' Reliqu cia nianae.""— J. H. B.
3 Reliquiae Baldwinianae 225, 2 ee
126
the real Sago family (Cycas). At supper, I had the pleasure to eat the bread ae red from the large t Sey root of this plant. In the late times o and others, were
ie) M< 3 > 5
nt. pumila. See subsequent letter, of May 27. h aah let- ter was written on May 15, 1817, from Tomoko, which is the old name for the site of the modern Daytona.
Later, on May 27, 1817, in writing from Saint Marys, . records: ‘‘I now find that my Coontia, or “Wild Sago,” is ee more or less than Zamia pu me tla.
matter 1 tum raphs written by Alexander Garden! from Charleston, South arolina, to Linnaeus in Sweden, and to John Ellis? in London,
Alexander Garden was born 20 January 1730, at or near Edinburgh, rr
Scotland at erdeen and inburgh, where he took his medical degree, he settled in South Carolina in 1752, an on afterwar ade his h Charleston, where he practiced medicine and studied the flo nd fauna of the colony for nearly thirty years. g a northern journey in 175 ‘ame personally acquainted with Bartram and Cold
Vi
botanists. Ellis named in his hon _ _ ge _ calcem ia, known ike It lovers of flowers. When the Revoluti i American troops, and was never forgiven, for the father was an ardent Bee In 1783, with his wife and daughters, he left South Carolina, and spent his re- maining years in London, where he died 15 April 1791.—- J. H. 8.
2 John Ellis was born in Ireland, probably in Dublin, about 1710. He
nd am.
became a merchant in London, and ssed a considerable fortune. I 1751 e interested in the study of marine algae other forms of aquatic life, especially what were then called ‘‘corallines,’’ which soon r d were ome o animals and others plants. Later he studied i e was appointed King’s agent for West Florida ; Dominica , and importe: ngland many scientific specimens oe various sorts, especially seeds of useful plants ae his
$ South Carolina. He died at London, 18 October 1776.
127
England: ‘The doctor [Andrew eee carries home some packages a East Florida plants, which you will see. I shall be very glad
ie cone, somewhat resembling the Magnoliain appearance. I shall be glad to know what you call these two.’"? (Written February
The s specimens are said to have reached Princess of Wales n at Kew, England, in 1768. There they came t
e a Magnolia. At coe the capsules burst i two parts, ove the larg which turn pee as they ripen,
as Bartram: bie born 23 March 1699, at Marple, near Darby, Penn-
in botany, and was then for the most part, and of necessity, as he knewno
one else ea in the pease self-taught. He traveled widely, from
New York to Florida, ane corresponde with various eminent naturalist
abroad, especiall Lon who was, like himself, a
of the Society of Friends. About 1729 rtram established at Seana u P
American seeds and plants, sent by B m, poured into the gardens of Europe. In 1765 he was appointed ae 's Botanist, ond ne modest nes Ltad hi aes
tend his scientific travels. Tn that year, and ‘the next, accompanied by his son, he explored the St. John’s River, Florida, and several of its tributa- ries. He died at Kingsessing, 22 September 1777.—J. H. B. 2 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists 1: §52. 3 William Aiton was born in 1731, at Hamilton, Lanarks ae coats t
and it is fro: ardel stitutio a daie In 1789, he published his ‘‘ Hortus kewensis,’’ ard remained sipeaniewicn: at Kew until his death 2 February 1793.—J. H. B
128
and attract notice from a considerable Sekai The height an ly m €
ing e is 0 that has been ee nee will be better in your ands.
and seeds.’ (Written ne 20 Several years later Alexander Garden i in writing to John Ellis again referred to the Bartram ru as follows: ‘‘I have taken the liberty of enclosing ayes for Linnaeus under this cover, r
ou, a iven care. You will greatly ae e me if you will desire him to send
page Alexander Gar rote: . always glad to ployed in your service, of which trust a are is time well assured. That I might give a
e as soon as the season of the year would per: nit ade ‘om these cae I have made out the following paraedlens and charac-
You uaa in your letter, ae 7 pollen of this plant is u G 5 satisfied me Boas this is Py no means the case. I was much
afraid of c itting a take, and leading others into error and therefore cubic ie Bois to repeated investigation, he renc
ge, to construction of the female spadix, and of the pe ricarp, i is very
1 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists 1: 336-337. 1821. ? Correspondence of Linnaeus ard Other Naturalists 1: 598-599. 1821.
oe ake 5 “ury ON Aq saryuindut 13430 pue pooas
3 r au wus Méiy
youeys og ]njraneaq & I ei aonpoid AayL ‘sureqqo 3ury, q pue uno} ut c ‘aii jou are sua}s poyoueiq Yseay 3e tsorgads sq} Uy “apIa 300} auO JOAO st ayeyd ut qeis WL “spuejeuid ay3 jo 100g pequiooAau0y ayy ur saqqiAeo paqy- pus ‘ayy wody pyofesBazter DiMmiDZ Jo suas punoiZJepuy)
6Sz HLVIg NGGUV‘) TVOINVLOG HXOA MAN 3H] 40 Tynunof
129
singular. The peltate heads of the proper perianths are ex-
ternally so closely united, that they can hardly be pulled asunder without tearing s therefore scarcely to be understoo ce) the pollen of the anthers can insinuate itself so as to fertilize the germens rt rianths never begin to separate before th germens becom elled, exhibiting manifest signs of impregna- tion being already accomplishe The vacant internal space deed, between the partial stalks of the perianths, affords the
wi $
germens and styles full liberty to grow; but the very close union
of the shields prevents any access of external bodies, or even of ur
e vapour. “Being anxious to know more of this plant and its history, I
e€ origin was doubtless in the watershed of the lower Sa Johns i i ke Geo:
ation. Now, to pass to the second described Florida zamia. The dis- covery of documentary evidence concerning the origin and dis-
1 Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists 1: 338-340. 1821.
130
coverer of Zamia floridana seemed even more hopeless than it
did in the case of Z pas ever, we not wanting for circumstantial ev In publishing Zamia floridana, Alphonse de aoe ae te UE Florida sub nom. eviden- ter erroneo Z. i rifolia a cl. A. Gray, a. 1839.’" Now asA
Gray? had ane oe Europe . the fall of 1838, he had, evi-
dently, taken specimens of this zamia with him and given them sti Candolle owever, ou i
1 Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de Candolle, son of Augustin Pyramus
de Candolle, was born at Paris, France, 27 October 1806; the family removed to Montpellier two years later. In 1814, however, he was sent to school at Geneva, Switzerland d hi 1 Je their t I I
He studied law, receiving his degree in 1829, but he had previously done
much woes in n botany, and ther ated devoted himself entirely to that science.
“Prodromus” begun by his father, and was
the author of many important monographs, and of beg ks on geographic
botany, 1 He
died at "Geneva, 4 April 1893, after more than sixty years of scientific acti- H. B.
J. ? Asa Gray was born 18 November 1810, at Sauquoit, in Paris township,
eida County, vhile a student of medicine at the medical college at Fairfield, Herkimer Coun became interested otany, and al- hough he took his degree in 1831, he never practiced medicine. During the next fe he taught and lectured on mineral and botany at Albany, Clinton, Fairfield, and ica, and in ork City, where he first went as st Torrey, ecame associated with him in the publication of their ‘Flora of North America.” In 1842, he became a pro-
sor at Harvard, and it was —_ a ne accomplished, during his forty-six years of service, the i him undisput-
ed recognition as the foremost American botanist. He died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 30 January 1888.—J. H. B. 3 Augustin Pyramus de Candolle was born 4 February 1778, in Geneva, He was educ i
Switzerland s educated in his native city, and began the study of law t , bu e he was twenty s old he went to Paris to pursue natural history studi g under the influ of k, Desfon. tain d other botanists, he decided to aa himself exclusively to the udy of plants. After abo ut ten years a tudy i in Paris, during which na
h i it ich soon made
famous, he became in 1807 professor at the university 7 Montpellier and soon afterward a of the b In
Geneva as professor in the university, ‘and there rem ined until his coe ; Sept 1841 e is best known to botanists, perhaps, by the ‘‘Pro- dromus”’ started by him in 1824, and completed by his son in 1873, is gre rk r Le a compilation, while de Candolle published many
important monographs and several monumental volumes devoted to the re- sults of his bea investigations.— J. H. B
131
mystery. Now, in the aeenowledements of assistance in the
preface to Torrey and Gra ay ’s “Flora” we find recor “From
Middle Flor ida ; while from Southern and Eastern
Florid: interesting Paar from Dr. Leav orth, 2 Dr. ee De Hulse, and Lieut. Alden? of the United
Sta tes Army.” All eae considered pe facts and stances comes to heee
ep A scanning of ike unpublished letters from these men to John Torrey’ brought out the following, which is contained in some
1 Melines Conklin Leavenworth was born 15 January 1796, at —
to November, 1838, at Fort get eee in north central peninsular Florida;
Fort Gratiot, Michigan, but he resigned from the army in 1840 fob is 0 old home at Water bury, ees ai “ia 1862, although 66 bras old,
t d served with them in Louisiana until deat hy clai med him. During ail his pieci he levoted his ade time to the Glee ea of ae ne he sent to Short, Torrey, and o He died near New Orleans, Louisiana, 16 November 1862.—., 7 Bradford. Ripley Alden was born 6 May 1811, at sega Pennsyl- ania, e graduated at West Point in 1831, and served in Florida as a
53. e
years of his life, and died at Newport, Rhode Island, 10 See 1870,— .H.B. 3 John Torrey was born in New York City, 15 August ahs As
he became interested in botany and chemistry. When he w.
ity. Upon aetian his degree, in 1818, he entered upon the practice of medicine in New York City; from 1824 to 1827, he was pers of chemistry
132
letters from G. W. Hulse. Writing from Fort Brooke (new Ta
send you, but I ys dislike making e that I send are from the plant that is indigenous in Florida and called th ow Root rhaps they will vegetate with you an giv opportunity of sa the plant itse It n dantly near Cape Florida, the mouth of the Withlacoochee and awanee Rivers. Q extensive establishments were fitte up att ape before the war for the purpose of manufacturing the‘ root into starch (or rather flour) which is said to ! imple process, merely grinding or grating the roots, then wash- g. The article whe is
I have seen some roots that wo
I send you Fite a sample of Seminole Flour which was alta from the stores of the enemy at the Big Cypress near Tohop and erie at West Point; from 1827 to 1873, professor of chemistry at
the College of Physician ns and Sur, urgeons (now the Me pee Department of Colu mbia U 7: rofes: mis-
from 1857 to as United States Assayer at the New York office. In’ spite
a numer 100 and Papers, and ae a world-wide reputa’ science. He orrey Botanical oT which was named in his honor. He died i in New City, 10 March 1
pri 36, in Ark. s du t year, returning to Fort Brooke, Florida, In 1837 he went again to Fort Gibson, Arkansas, return nin g to Fort pak: in January, 1838. He was at Tallahassee in March, an iddle of the year 1838 had settled as a ical practitioner at Rodney, Mississippi he was a planter in about 18
the Civil War he was a surgeon in the Confederate Army, and at its close., h 4 bh Ie ries
Mrs. Moffatt, at Rockford, Lllinois, and later with her daughter. Mrs. Knap at Auburn, New York, where he died 13 November 1883.—-J. H. B,
133
Ka-Lija eae He the 28th of January. It is made, I believe, from a plant which is a species of Briar very avande nt in the 4 : the ri
whilst the arrow root ey is also much used by them is called Conti Hateka or White R A letter written early i in the folowing year from Tallahassee,
“a
when I was at New Orleans on my return from Fort Gibson to
e E. “Tt affords me real satisfaction to say to you, I have ae to your request been able to collect a forward you some spec ns of the plant Zamia integrifoli “They were sent by the Brig Win, “pean which sailed from St. Marks for New York on the oth inst. In the collection I have
“T regret that I have not been able to ee you with some more of the ripe fruit or seeds. The few that A nt you with the other (last) parcel are all that I have seen. ae uit is an ob- long shape and when ripe nearly the size of a ee of gourd seed corn.”
Under date of July 7, 1838, Dr. Hulse wrote from Rodney, Mississippi, as follows: “My last letter to you ar oe err a ) to ie :
have received no er. It w ated abou middle March, a little previous to which ane I sent ae ce a ee (Brig W Pe Marks to N. Y. a qu ntity of the
re :
Referring to the ‘‘Perrine Grant” a reservation in southern ate seals for growing useful plants from the tropics, he continues:
“ fs _ pi nion however, that the Zamia integrifolia will be found a no less important plant than many of those proposed to be introduced.”” This statement is partic larly interesting since
134
the pinelands of the ‘Perrine Grant” naturally abounded in zamia, and the supply has been generously drawn on for several es ons.
There is scarcely any doubt that some of the material of zam referred to in the preceding letters of Dr. Hulse reached New
tion. As just stated, the pineland plant represents Z. floridana. leaves Riana ii two species of zamia, and the record ‘‘ Flor: Hulse Th
h m the plants when they were sent to Dr. Torrey, or whether they roots”’ grown under glass at New York we shall never know. One leaf has narrow, few-veined leaflets, the other has them broader and many-veined.
What past Dr. Burrows played i in this aes sein mee a age know, ast f his 1 Torrey correspondence at the Garden and he is not reterred to in the Hulse letters. Of course, it is possible that the two leaves
as well as on the eastern. While Cee in the wilderness east of the beet ok er he ee that he “had an oppor-
tunity this day of collecting a variety of specimens and seeds of vegetables, . ee rly Sopho ora, Cistus,
Zamia, . . “1” The writer found zamia in this region several years ago.
2 William Bartram, Travels ee North and South Carolina, Georgia East and West Florida. 246. 1792
135
aie has se — an elusive plant in Florida. For many years only tw ral localities ai associated in literature fe ie LS aber of the two generally recognized species, whereas the plants are re scattered over the penin- sula.
he two species just referred to are quite distinct. The one with broad and many-veined leaflets, occurs most abundantly
x River re Candle in 1868. Pe most interesting fact in connection with istribution of this species is that its greatest ablindadce ic is at the very opposite extremity of the peninsula t :
was observed long ago, for on some of the early maps the region which we now mare w as the Everglade Keys bore the significant legend ieee or Hunting Grounds!”
The wri oie been gathering evidence concerning the geo- graphic distribue ion of Zamia in Florida for several years.
136
The us in Hand: smudica tes major aia re-
gions: I. Ait., discovered by John Bartram,
—the ae as noted above locally throughout the nes d her:
=<
—the seteperate hammocks of the upper eastern coastal reson i i shed and t
I hee and the writer,—the tropical end semitropical ham- ocks of the lower ee coastal region.2, IV. For an under- eines species of Zami a—the t tropical nen prairie ham- mocks. of the Cape Sable umored more northern localities for Zamia integrifolia and has
and the latter north of Saint eens ais Florida Thus, one after another some of the mysteries
The one, however, connected with the nate distribution of
these Plants over bus oe ate is ae Whe Oe after t they
were g subsequent i of their
ancestors (oni the West Indies, they nen increased in range or eter yaaa —_. the agency of the aborigines, as cie
Iti or erough re abuse a He upply by the aborigines, we shall never aoe However, at ae it is clear that the plants are shinda nt at ce sites Ai the former places of settlement or activity of the aborigine:
mia umbro: Plant with arching, dark-green leaves: leaflets typically numerous, ae ae narrowly s; a. at least broadened up- td, 20-30-veined, finely several-toothed at the ture, ovulate
i indri dm.
: ks peninsular Florida——Type specimen from Hammock, between Volusia and Ocean City, Florida, J. K. Small & J. B. DeWinkeler, May 4, 1821
2 Journal of the N. Y. Bot. Gard. 18: 102. 1917.
137
Zamias are ul aan as vehi as esculent plants. In Florida
oie sha in or as hed: When the ela ne Ke
cola and in Perry in northern Florida, ise in towns down through the peninsula amia umbrosa is in cultivation west of its natural range in Gainesville and i rth-
ardens o' little, remote, but old, settlement of Mayport at the mouth of River,
Numerous inquiries in Saint Augustine and in Jacksonville brought out the fact that the cultivated plants were brough originally from ie Halifax River region, but long before the
tl Florida, over thirty-five years ago thrived and was sent to the to the New York Botanical capil i the past few years but neuer was frozen en
natural ci Buen - ee are scattered broadcast
axis, for it may be sliced into numerous wafers, each of which will promptly develop into a new individual if planted. a seems strange that in spite of th nascent buds, the caudex of our zamias is either — or very sparingly ae both in the wild and in cultivation
Joun K. SMA.
138 THE NEW HORTICULTURAL GARDENS ENTRANCE AND FENCING ON THE SOUTHERN BOULEVARD. WITH PLATE 260
The fencing of the southern part of the garden reservation,
, and eing continued. The fence is of the same design as that built in previous years g the property lineof Fordham University on the southern side of the n and along the
Over t yond toward Pelham Avenue the fence will rest for the most part ona Hecuial oes aaa Th
e Horticultural Gardens Entrance and about three hundred i of the fence were built by the ex-
propriated by the Board of Managers for this purpose. bronze tablet, affixed to one of the piers bears the following in in- scription This Entrance and fence were ” 1920-1
through a ee of Mary J. Kingsland New York Botanical Garden
JournaL oF THE New York BoranicaL GARDEN PLATE 260
The New Horticul i den Entrance and Fencing on the Southern Boulevard
139
The tablet was unveiled during the Satie inspection of Grounds, Buildings and Collections on May 6th, 1921, by Mrs.
Memorial Fund, and the work in progress is being financed from this income.
THE 1921 DAHLIA BORDER
The 1921 dahlia border is at the date of writing (July 15) well established and, after the incipient drought of the first three
Mr. J. J.
fornia; Mr. F. P. Gulnby. — Plains, N. Y.; Mrs. Charles H. Stout, i Hills, N. J.; Mr. W. J. Matheson, Huntington, N. Y.; Mills & Co., ee . Y.; Miss Emily Slocombe: New Haven, Conn.; Mr. Alfred E. Dow: Te Haven, Conn.; Mr. C. Louis ‘Alling. West Haven, Conn.; Mr. Alt F. aes Netcong, N. J.; Mr. Emmett Dove, Rockville, Md.; Mrs. A.
Story, Brockton Mass.; Capt. J. R. Howell, Bayshore, N. Mrs. $. T. Cushing, Islip, N . Y.; Mr. R. Vincent, Jr. & Sons, W hie Mewk, Md.; Dahliadel Nurseries, Vineland, N.J.;and Th Dahlia Farm, East Moriches, N. Y. The dahlia saree this vear annie 502 varieties, represented by 824 plants. It is believed that the addition of numerous tested sine from such well-known originators as Broomall, Marean, Slocombe,
and Stout, together with other promising new oe that figve
the interest of the New York public in the Garden‘s dahlia bor-
140
der and will also do much to assist the public to keep in touch with the most recent perfections in the development of this pop- ular flower.
Marsuatt A. Howe
AUTUMN LECTURES
Illustrated lectures free to the public will be delivered in the lecture hall of the museum oe on Saturday and Sunday peas at four sais dur g September and October as
Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, of Washington; Prof. T. Gilbert Pearson, President of the Audubon Society; Dr. H. M. Denslow; and ston.
Range 2 on Sunday afternoons at a quarter past three o
plants and cut flowers REGULAR COURSE
Sept. 3. ow to Grow Rhododendrons. Mr. John Dunbar Sept. 4. oo of Plants. Dr. W. A. Murrill (With Museum Demonstration)
Sept. 10. How to Grow bs Flowers. Dr. E. T. Wherry Sept. 11. English Garden: Miss ie Loines Sept. 17. Some eee Plants of Our Local Flora.
Dr. F. W. Pennell Sept. 18. The Fight for American Bird —
. G. Pearson Sept. 24. Dahlias and Their Culture. eo M. A. Howe onc innete of a ee a re 5) Sept. 25. r Am n Garden: B. Johnston Oct. I. ae Uses of seit ys r. a A. Murrill (With Museum-Demonstration)
Oct. 2. A Popular Talk on Mushrooms. Dr. W. A. Murrill Oct. 8. Loco Weeds. Dr. Arthur Hollick
141
Oct. 9. Health and Disease in Plants. Dr. A. H. Graves
Oct. 15. Autumn Coloration. Dr. A. B. Stout Oct. 16. Rice, the’ Most Important Food Bae: H. A. Gleason Oct. 22. Our Local Orchid a WL M. Denslow Oct. 23. Gathering Wild Flowers in the a Mountains. . A. Murrill Oct. 29. Florida Vegetation. Dr. 7. H. Barnhart
Oct. 30. The Influence of Climate on Evolution. Dr. W. A. Murrill
GREENHOUSE LECTURES
Nov. 6. Chrysanthemums. Mr. Arthur Herrington
Nov. 13. Tropical Vines. Mr. K. R. Boynton
Nov. 20. Cycads. Dr. W. A. Murrill
Nov. 27. Variegated Plants. Dr. Stout
Conservatory Range 2 is situated at the eastern me of the Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue Entrance. It is most conveniently reached from the Allerton Avenue a on ae White Plains Extension - the Subway from East 180th Street. Visitors coming by train to Botanical Garden Sta- tion should inquire at the Miieeuss Building.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
On the afternoon of July 13, a group of about sixty students
from the Columbia University Summer Session visited the Gar- den under the leadership of Mr. L. A. Crawford, assistant to the
I, the ock Garden, the I ee the Hemlock Grove, a the Museum Building
exchange of duplicate pane with the Sa aes Institution, the aaah raat recently been enriched by
ait ed year by Mr. E.C. Li bea
This is is one of the eee ie ever made in Haiti, and it
contains specimens of a good many species not previously re-
142
presented in our collections and many other aria ae rare trees and shrubs endemic in Haiti. It is very valuable sat the present time in connection with our ‘studies of the ie of Cuba and of that of Porto Rico
Meteorology for June: The total precipitation for the month
were phe on the 3rd, 50° on the ‘ath, 53° on the 16th and 60° the
ACCESSIONS PLANTS AND SEEDS
e ele for Fern Gar (Given by Mr. C. A. Weatherby.) mi a
(Given by Miss Grace Sturtevant.) 4 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by DA 3 plants for Iris Garden. iven by S.G ) 20 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. John C. Wister.) 3 plants of Clinopodium. (Given by Mr. M. Buswell.) 45 plants for Fern Garden. (Given M Ransier.) 1 plant for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. Frank H. Presby.) 2 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by t.)
11 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. J. M n Shull.) 2 plants for Iris en. iven by Mr. Ge Smit
6 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Bobbink and Atkins.) 104 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. John C )
. Wister. 16 plants of Hymenocallis. (By exchange with Mr. W. Kimball.) 107 plants for oe (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum ee Dr. J. N. Rose. plants of Pane (By exchange with Mr. Bathusa through Dr. J. K. Small. 4 plants of Hymenocailis. (By exchange with Mr.
J. Arthur Harris.) 7 Lene for Conservatories.
ith (By exchange with Florida Wild Life League.)
I aA of seed. (Given by Mr. Samuel F. Clar! 1 pkt. of Alpinia seed. (Collected by Dr. is Britton.) seed. (By excha ith Mr.
1 pkt. of y e ge w pkt. of seed. (By exchange with U. S gric.) 70 pkts. of seed. (By exchang B. G., Oxford,
e i land.) 200 pkts. of seed. (By exchange with B. G., La Mortola, bee )
143
50 Dahlia plants, a varieties. Saas nie Judge cei T. Marean.) 27 Dahlia roots, 18 varieties. (Givi y J. J. Broomall.) 20 Dahlia roots, 15 aan an (By ae with Mtr F. P. Quinby.) 13 Dahlia roots and plants, 13 varieties. (Given by C. Louis Alling.) 12 Dahlia roots and plants, 7 varieties. (Given by Mr. Alt F. Clark.) wilee G .
10 Dahlia roots, 8 varieties. (By exchange with Dr wi 9 Dahlia roots, 7 varieties. (By exchange se Mrs 7 Dahlia roo! plants, 7 varieties. (Giv ry Mr. Alfred E Do: )
Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Mille & Co.)
Dahlia roots, 6 varieties. (Given by Mr. Emmett Dove. 6 Dahlia roots, 4 varieties. iven ie Dahliadel eee ) 6 Dahlia roots and plants, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. W. J. Matheson.) 5 Dahlia roots, 4 varieties iven by Mrs. A. F. Story.) 5 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Capt. J. R. Howell.) 3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. (Given by Mrs. Chas. H. ee 3 Dahlia roots, 3 varieties. y exchange with Miss Margaret S. Brown.) 2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with ed Rocke ‘Weikert: ) 2 Dahlia roots, 1 variet iven by George Smith & Sons. 2 Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By exchange with aa . B. S. Norton.)
z Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (Given by the Garden Club of ae
Dahlia roots, 2 varieties. (By excharige with Mr. < H. Du Bois.) 2 2 Dahlia plants, 2 varieties. (Given by Mr. C. Fre 1 Dahlia ee (By ea with Mr. Otto Pieanuchen’ )
I Giv x, W. A. Orton 4 plants ny Dahlia pete i Conservatories. (Given by Mr. W. J. Mat heson. 71 ne from Florida. ae by Dr. J. K. Small & De Winkeler.) 273 Lily Bulbs. (Purchas ne plants of Dracaena for Cone yateen (By exchange with B. E. Blaine
ro}
6 plants. ae exchange with U.S. Dept. Agric.)
48 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through Dr. J. N. Rose.
1 plant of Opuntia. (By exchange with Mr. E. T. Wherry.)
4 bulbs of Oxalis tuberosa. (By exchange with U. S. Dene Agric.
4 bulbs for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through D; ose.
14 plants de: eeds.
6 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Mr. H. W. Becker.)
4 plants for Conservatories. (Given : Mr. Charles Fe a
4 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Julius Roehrs Co.)
‘S I a of Pandanus Victoria for Catone (Given by Mr. Wm. B. Thompson.)
144
67 plants of Cacti. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through Dr. J. N. Rose.)
102 plants for Conservatories (By exchange with Mr. Samuel Untermyer.) 15 plants of Opun: ita Drummondts, _ (Collect: ted by Mr. D. W. Gross.
3 plantso iven by Mr. Willard G. Bixby.) 97 plants of Hicorta for Arboretum. Gi n by Mr. J. F. Jones.
2 plants of Hymenocalt és for Conservatories (Given ee oS W. ee
ret i
1 plant of Acer rubrum for Nurseries. (Given by Mr. Chas. C. Dean.) 13 plants of Cotoneaster for Fruticetum. (Given by Cottage Gardens Co.) 1 plant of isGarden. (Given by Mrs. C.S. McKinney.) 10 plants of (Given by The McCoy Nut Nurseries.) 8 plants of piano for Cone oc (Given by Bro. Knapke.) 3 plants for Nurseries. (Given by Mr. E. P. a
1 plant for Conservatories. (Given by ‘ea Geo. H. Plympton.)
1 plant of Vaccinium crassifoluum. (Given by pice is a. Wilkens.) 15 plants of Opuntia. (Collected by Mr. D. Ww. ross.)
1 plant of Pedtocactus Simpsonit. Sage by a 7. A. Holmes.) 8400 Gladiolus bulbs. (Given by M . E. Kun
a 27 plants for Arboretum and Nurseries. (Purch ased.) 49 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through Dr. J. N. Rose. 53 plarts for Conservatories. (By exchange with Missouri Bot. Garden.) Rolf:
31 plants for Conservatories. (Given by Mr. P. Ifs. 16 plants of Fragaria vesca. (Given by M Ww Martens.) plants for Iris Garde ag by Mr. A
S 5 plants for Dionaea muscipul ee fe Mr, Georee Ti lle a
4 plants for Iris Garden. (Give y Mrs. T. Bodley.)
218 plants. (Purchased.
50 plints for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum through Dr. J. N. Rose.)
I plant of Rhododendron. (By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric.)
2 plants of Hymenecals for Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S.
lept. Agric.
52 eee? plants. (Coilected by Dr. J. K. IL.)
4 plants of Opuntia from Florida. Ce by J. K. Smali and De Winkele: 5
1 packet of hearts seed. (Given by Mrs. Barsett.)
1 packet of s (Given by Mr. F. F. Von Vilm
go packets ot me (By exchange with B. G., Ottawa, Canada.)
1 packet of se (By exchange with H }
I t of Linum Seed. yy exchange with Mr. M. Haw
3 packets of seed. (By exchange _ Mr. D. T. A. Coc kerell.) 3 packets of change with Mr. Samuel Untermyer.)
ts of seed. ( 62 packets of seed. (Purcha ey
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prot. Henry F. Osborn, Fritz Achelis, J. Horace ae Chas. Lathrop Pack, Edward D, Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Henry Phipps,
Charles B. Alexander, aah S. Harkn ness, F. R. Pierson,
Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, James R. Pitcher, John W. Auchincloss, a Amory Haskell, Ira A. Place,
George F. Baker, T. A. Havemeyer, Hon, Anning S. Prall, Stephen Baker, A. Heckscher, Charles F. Rand,
Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffmann, Ogden Mills Reid,
d: Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, . H. M. Richa: Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller,
K Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen Roosevelt, George S. Brewster, Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, | Edw. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck,
rof. W..H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht, Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, James Speyer,
Edgar L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, Samu ral P. Colt W. J. Matheson, F. K. Sturgis, Marin Le ae fenanen George inca B. B. Thayer Paul D. Cravath, as erson McMillin, Charles G. Thompson, kay ene r. Walter mig W. Boyce Thompson, r. H. M. Denslow, Tein L. Mer Dr. W. Gilman Th ompson
See H. Dodge, Ogden Mills, Louis C. Tiffany, Samuel W. Fairchild, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Felix M. Warburg, William B. O. Field, J. Pierpont Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, James B. Ford, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Allen Wardwell, Henry W. de Forest, Frederic R. Newbold, H. H. Westinghouse, Robert W. de Forest, C. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, Prof. W. J. Gies, Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Winthrop.
Daniel Guggenheim, Members of the Women’s Auxiliary Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Robert Bacon, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Miss Elizabeth Billings, | Mrs. ae . Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs ie MacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Mrs. A. Barton ah Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor,
Mrs. Robert C. Hi Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, Mrs. Wm. A. Bibs, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. oe aera Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs. John I. Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson.
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members
1. Benefactors The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden.
3. Fellows for Life he contribution of .00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden.
4. Fellowship Members Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00.
5. Sustaining Members Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become ellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00.
6. Annual waar Annual members pay an annual fee of $10 All ge are entitled to the fale privileges: . Ti to all lect f the Board of Managers. 2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the sees of the Board of Managers. 3. A copy of all handbooks published by an Garden.
he 6. petals of the Board Room.
7. Life Members Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00. Information Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building at 3 o’cloc Form of Bequest I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of.........-
Vol. XXII August, 1921 No. 260
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS PAGE G . Nash 145 Studies * ‘alg in Cooperation with the State Experiment Station at Y. 148 The “Workinga” of Long Lake 156 Notes, News and Comment 159
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy
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OFFICERS, 1921 PresipeEnT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON HENRY W. DEFOREST Vick- PRESIDENTS { FREDERIC S, LEE TREASURER—JOHN L. PE ae ee DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922
HENRY e FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVAT ADOLPH LEWISOHN A WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON rm expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAM JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FORE! BST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924 N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. de EO ST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE er to OF THE City oF NEw York HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
a SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
EEE: R. A. HARPER, Chairma: EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL PROF. i rreck ee PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F EMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STA
DR. N. i BR aie Director-in-Chief eA ment, Admini R. H. LEAS ON, Assistant Director Ada nistration) DR. JOHN” K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (lowering Plants) DR. W. A. MUR
D J. SE erless ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, paige ae PERCY pleat Associate Cur R. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, yee P Cunkler GEORGE’ V. NASH, Head Ca Nine er and Curator of Plantations TOUT, Director of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Biblhiographer RAH H. HARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the ra ligis Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses DR. ar tLLIAM |” ee. Cina of cg Plants Cot
ARTHUR J " TOR RBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
JourRNAL OF THE New York BoranicaL GARDEN PLATE 261
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII August, 1921 No. 260
GEORGE VALENTINE NASH With PLATE 261
The New York Botanical Garden and the Horticultural Society
tinuously since 1896, first during its preliminary organization, as a General Assistant, next during 1900, as Curator of the Planta- tions, then during twenty years as Head Gardener, to which title that of cee of the Plantations was added in 1921. He
took a very importat part in the bringing together of the aa of living plants and in their installation and main- tenance
Mr. Nae h was born in Brooklyn, New York, May 6, 1864. Much of his boyhood was spent at Clifton, New Jersey, where his father conducted a horticultural business in which he was employed, specializing in roses and in water plant si his attention
culturist, a profound botanical student and an enthusiastic col- lector, especially of grasses. Mr. Nash quite naturally inherited Dr. Thurber’s interest in een aes g tre m ) im a uns
a. and for many years, until his other oe ee it to one side. He
145
146
oa ees the wild plants ‘of New Jersey, and he became the Torrey Botanical Club in 1891; at about this poneeon with him commenced; for several years
thereafter he br specir me for identification, and r this period he determined to take the first opportunity which offered to enter botani science a professiol
of Columbia College with some help from me, and the sets, con- taining specimens of many rare species, were sold to good ad- eee enabling him to continue his botanical studies. The Sed came for a remunerative position when the work of e New York Botanical Garden was initiated in 1896. His first important errand as an employee of the Garden was
peditions to Haiti in 1903,4 to the Bahamian Islands, Inagua and
1 Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 65-69. 1901. 2 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 29-35. 1902. 8 Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 141-145. 1902. ‘Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard, 4: 205-215. 1903.
147
Little Inagua in 1904,) with Mr. baie Taylor, and to Haiti and - ks Islands in 1905,? again with Mr. Taylor velopment of the plant Cie of the Ne ew York Botanical Garden, their Lips aie identification, labeling and ion of hi m
ead the New York Botanical Garden published in its Bulletin; his ua cover a very wide range of plant knowledge He is commemorated in Botany by the genus Nashid of the Verbena ‘Family, dedicated to him by Dr. Millspaugh,’ and by several species of West Indian and Floridian plants, first made nown by his exploration work. N. L. Britton.
eee FROM THE MINUTES OF THE pas DIRECTORS OF HE NEw York BorTANICAL GARDEN AT THEIR MEETING OF pets 8, 1921 HEREAS: Mr. George Valentine Nash, for many years Head Gardener of the New York Botanical Garden, died on July a 1921 RESOLVED: the Scientific Directors of the New Yor. Bee ane dey deplore the loss of a highly esteemed and much beloved associate.
1Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 1-19. 1905. oe Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 170-191. 1905. aN. 17: 77-198. 1909-1915.
7 Fa aes Publ. Bot. 2: 176. 1906.
148
LVED: That the foregoing preamble and resolution be entered upon the minutes of the Directors, printed in the Garden Journal, and that a copy be sent to his bereaved family.
prec ADOPTED BY THE Dee. OF THE HortIcuL- URAL SOCIETY OF NEw
The members of the Horcentnifal Society of New York re- se having to record the death of Mr. George ve Nash, who fot mber of years did such efficient in keeping
de records, and editing the publication, and we herewith wish to express our appreciation of his services in building up the Society, arranging for the scientific lectures, and the able manner in which
We wish also to convey to Mrs. George V. Nash and family, our sincere sympathy, and direct that this resolution be entered upon the minutes of the Society and that a copy be sent to Mrs. Nash
STUDIES OF GRAPES IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE EXPERIMENT STATION AT GENEVA, N. Y.
Wir PLaTE 262
Dr. N. L. Britton, DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF: Sir: Since the autumn of 1919 I] have, with your permission, en-
‘pes rs pes with particu development and have rather clearly indicated what is probably the most tie Gye course in breeding for the development of seedless varieties. The matter to which I first directed attention was a survey of A more extended report than is here presented has recently bee t
published as Techni oe laulu No. 82 a ae New York ngiue 231 from the New Yor!
Botanical Garden.
JournaL or THE New York Botanica GARDEN PLATE 262
Types of flowers in grapes showing the range of intersexes. About three times natural size,
149
the types of flowers with reference to the causa of the parts
(pistils and stamens) in fruit production. There is abundan material for such a study in the vineyards of the fi Near- ly all th ed ieties of grapes eae in Northern
; many varie ee E ean oors
ation of t which 1 have prosecuted during the past ten years.
length a contained in i ae ced anther: ex: enined under a
ty special interest a a importance is the cane ae of the pes of flowers that p r near-seedless fru The general range in flower typ be ee by the ured i ea 2
e purely staminate type of flower, shown in Fig. 1, has erect stamens and the pistil is either much aborted or lacking. I
150
many sales classed as staminate, dap aes pistils are to be seen as ig. 2. Plants with such flowers only are entirely as ‘but usually: Ale stamens contain ie pollen and the
pollination.
Bd il toes shown in Figures 2 4, and § are nearly identical in general appearance All have erect stamens with much
viable ey n the ee and tae maleness is well developed.
The pistils are present and apparently fully developed, but the fruits produ are different hose 0: rat least contain mere ru ents of seeds; those of 5 contain seeds
seedless; that is, many are seedless and ha two o. 5 is the type that most closely approaches the condition of the fect hermaphrodite e€ ers differ
vealed by the type of fruit pro
The type of flower shown es Fis ig. 12 has strongly reflexed or recurved stamens. The anthers are nee poorly developed and as far as known now all or nearly all the pollen is shrunken and devoid of contents and hence impotent in this sort of flower but the pistils of such flowers are very generally capable of producing seeded fruits provided they are properly pollinated with good pollen. This type of pee has long been called the imperfect
and impotent pollen. Plants with this type of flower may func-
arents. here exists in the seedling grapes grown at Geneva many gradations in respect to the relative development of stamens
151
(male organs) and pistils (female organs). At one end of tl series is the staminate type of flower which is highly potent a i n
that yield seedless, near-seedless or fully seeded fruits may be found among fiowers that have either refiexed stamens or erect stamens. For the most part, flowers in grapes are rather uniform in type for the entire seedling individual or the variety which is, of opaga
€ h
mong dewers: of a csingle plant involve oie ane than sta- mens. The most important of the cultivated varieties 2 northern grapes are all perfect hermaphrodites with erect stamens. The pistils and the stamens are highly functional and so the individual vines are all self-fruitful. ne ntly, however, plants that ave reflexed stamens u
shou grown intermingled with vines having perfect owers or ee owers ‘or example
xed s should be mingled with perfect flowered varieties like oe Nie
t§2
and Diamond, but even then the fruiting will be poor if the blooming is not simultaneous or if weather conditions check cross- pens
Plants and eee having reflexed stamens have self-sterile.”” The term has also been
cay cally perfect and fully functional in certain other relat resence of intersexes in these seedling grapes raises He he
bee the perfect ered varieties such as
Concord, Delaware, and Catawba originated has therefore been
considered a mystery many horticulturist: tis clear t they ma sen in either of two ways:
ave a Hybridization between wild grapes such as the fox grape (vi labrusca) and varieties of the pea grape (V. vinifera), y have given some progeny having flowers of the type of the aie parent but with the Dede of the labrusca parent. It is now known that most varieties cultivated in north-eastern
io seedlings of mixed C rentage such as are grown at Geneva than in the native specie
153
It is, however, possible that variations giving intersexes in isen of hy
grapes have a s a result idization bet h American species of grapes and t ropean varieties in which the gr: of sex in the flowers of the pare: e er nt ut intersexualism is a frequent phenomenon and in many cases it 1s com in at appears to be pure species. 1-
or. gin seems to be more deep-seated and fundamental than mere hybridity.
With the more complete recognition of the presence of inter-
rema: o be determined ee it is to this problem that I am now ten special atten e is most cee ie such an effort. There are no
that th s no direct evidence of how and from what flower types they ine
d of attempting to secure hardy seedless sorts int
has not yet been tested and this will be attempted n crosses of this general character already made at Geneva, ie plants of
the F, progeny ill ieldi ded fruit. The en es seen in the ne or near- -seedless plants used pollen ents was dominated or swamped by the strong
par ie of the seed Bayes It is the plan to grow the pro-
a ate exist among the seedlings in the vineyards at the Geneva station. These are fully hardy in the climate of New York
less fruit is hence in plants in which the seedless grade of pistil is combined with stamens that are highly male. Such plants can, therefore, be used as male parents in crosses
y be obtained. In this way families weak in femaleness will undoubtedly b in in whi considerable ber individuals will produce seedless fruits. Th is through the
gree or ki f f which exists in t
seems most promising. ith this accomplished the further selection is to be directed to such chara as qualities of fruit, abundance of yield and hardines: i start was made las
in ief pene can be made here in regard to the culture of grapes in the ae a Beanie Garden, and the purposes which this wo'
(A) Outdoor peak In these there should be a collec-
155
tion (a) representing the wild species, (b) the principal culti- t c
mi strating the iis methods of grape culture, especially of the vinifera gra The viney; ia would ae urnis a can le for
It is not the peru to attempt the growing of seedlings in our
I am pleased to report that some progress has been made in establishing a plantation of grapes in our Garden. A few vines of several varieties have been purchased, and some of these are
already bearing fruit. Cuttings of others have been supplied by te Experiment Station at Geneva. T the kindness of the officials of the U. S. Department of Agriculture and of the mei — of oe cuttings of all t
most importan eedless varie eties of y: grapes have
i n d d. fence giving complete Sroleeiion should be provided in the near uture. B) Culture o iis in a hothouse. oo of certain th
who visit our Garden. To demonstrate such culture would be of special ein alue
One of the difficulties of obtaining pollen of such seedless varieties as a Sultanina for use in breeding is that when the vines are grown outdoor oe usually bloom later than vines
seedlings. Because of this condition it was impossible.to make,
156
during last spring at Geneva, a large number of the desirable
at the proper time. A hot house specially devoted to the growing of grapes would hence greatly promote the breeding of grapes along the lines discussed above. It takes several years to bring plants of the grape to blooming and fruiting age from eed: For he Dreeding studies = lave of
ace. There is aeiple provision ae provi ding and maintaining
Mr. H. O. Sprague ef the Department of Henican with whom I have most closely been associated in these studies. our lene to engage in this research is appreciated. Permission to continue the cooperation and facilities for culture of grapes in our ene along the lines mentioned above are re- d. Respectfully submitted, B.S
. B. Stout, Director of the Laboratories.
THE “WORKING” OF LONG LAKE
During the months of July, August, and September, 1921, the
waters of Long Lake, in the southeastern part of York Botanical Garden, remained conspicuously murky. L Lake is a body of water about 9 t long an eet in aver
At the north end a drive-way is under construction and a rather
157
deep fill of rock and of yellowish brown soil extending into the water might naturally have given rise to the impression that the yellowish br
the wat of this newly made and similarly colored bank. However, the
probably a factor of importance in keeping the filaments sus- pended in the water.
Oscillatoria prolifica was first described and figured by Greville n 1827, under the generic name Lyngbya, from a lake in Scot-
158
ae In America its occurrence, so far as the present writer n determine, has previously been recorded from only two localities. The first of these was Jamaica Pond, near Boston,
Dr. Edgar W. . Kiel reported! it in 1905 as giving a reddish tinge to ice of P. e, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. It appea: aa ee ais tinge in the ice was so conspicuous
that “Pine Lake is similar in one respect to awe Pond, viz., in that neither has any outlet to speak of . is of interest to
note that Long Lake, in another state, the el American lake in ae ee prolifica has been observed, also has no ‘outlet
The oe point in which the New York era appear to differ from others previously described under the name Oscilla- toria prolifica is the color. As first described by Greville, the gure
Jamaica P s “light reddish-brown,’’? “of a decided chocolate hue “reddish,’’8 and ‘‘ brownish chocolate-color,'? while that of oe Lake is mostly a yellowish dane However, the color of the blue-green algae is known to vary c oo migra to con- en
h or no doubt as to their specific identity. Experiments by 1 Notes on th { Oscillatoria prolifica ile) ,in the ice of Pine a Waukesha County, Wisconsi sin, Trans. Wisconsin Acad, 15: 124-134. r. Olive gives a valuable bibliography of the “working” or **flowering" of aes, to which list wr entitled “A note on the ‘flowering’ ‘of ‘the’ lakes in the ‘Adirondacks, " iT oneya > 183
c3, * Moore, Geo. T. Rhodora 1: 100. 1899. 3 Olive, E,W. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. 15: 128. 1905.
159
Schindler* He as a alos or haan brown color in members of tk diminished foo suppl
MarsHA.t A. Howe.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
The automobile seems to be pipers its ie - nee among various of the lower animals wel hest.
a = =.
two, namely—one house rat, four snakes, all perfectly harmless, and numerous frogs and to: bd; of which often only fragments
ermed ost destructive animal in the world by the United States panty nt of Agriculture, it is evident there is a great loss of life over the country at large, from the above cause, of
many Sei ial highly beneficial to the communities in which they liv
A year or so ago, even a screech ow! was found flattened out by some machine. It was apparently the show-owl of the Garden, ies ara laele about the same time _- - en-
e p ould almost pants i seen pets the day by interes ee oe. Mud turtles also are occasionally found, victims to the silent, swiftly moving wheels
re than thirty kinds of oaks growing in the Arboret have reached such a size now that they are of much eee to all tree-lovers.
leason, epee” Director, is back from British ated a successful trip of some three months in that re-
gion, geen in collecting Seeaicl specimens for the Garden. Dr. Arthur Hollick has completed his work in Washington on the fossil flora of Alaska and is again a member of the Garden staff.
‘Schindler, B. Uber den Farbenwechsel der Oscillarien. Zeitsch. fiir Bot. 5: 497-575. 1913.
160
r. E. J. Butler, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology, rans England, who has see a tour of parts of the United States in the interest of p ley y; a the Garden on August 18 and sailed ay ee for England.
Dr. Miyabe, Professor of Botany in the ee Univer- ae at Sapporo, Dena called at the Garden August 20 and 22
n his nee from the Conference of Cereal! Diseases held at St. Paul Minnesota. He sailed from San Francisco September 17, having been in the United States since the first of July.
The following visiting botanists have enrolled in the library during the summer months: Professors M. F. Barrus, H. M Fitzpatrick, Romyn Hitchcock, J. R. Schramm and D. 5. Welch, Ithaca, N. Y.; Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. J. S. Cooley, W. W. Eggleston and Fred R. Jones, ee On Dr. ele M. Gilkey,
Corvallis, Ore.; Prof. A. Cockerell: Boulder, Colo.; Prof. E. A. Burt, St. aa rae aie John W. Harshberger and class, Philadelphia , Pa.; Prof. James P. Kelley, State College,
Pa.; Prof. Francs E. ave: McGill Univeriey: Prof. R. Ruggles Cates and E. J. rn London, Eng.; Professors Arthur de Jaczewski and N. Vavilov, St. Petersburg, Russia; Rev. Dr. S. J. Ena: ce. Se ee n, and Professors Kingo Miyabe and Makato Nishimura, Sapporo, Japan.
Meteorology for July-——The total precipitation for the month was 1.76 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded for each
24th, and 96°on the 28th. The um temperatures were: 58° on a 6th, 60° on ie 17th, a on He 22nd and 68° on the 30th.
-Aaeeeialony for August—tThe total precipitation for the month
as 4.73 inches. The maximum temperatures recorded for each or were as follows: 85° on the 4th, 86° on the 12th, 89° on the 19th, 82°on the 24th, and 93° on the 30th. The minimum tem -peratures were: 55° on the oi nd 5th, 51° on the 15th, 534° on the 16th, and 50° on the 23rd.
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Fritz Achelis,
Edward D. Adams, Charles B. Alexander, Vincent Astor,
John W. Auchincloss, George F. ae rs Stephen Bak
Murry Guggenheim,
Edward S. etic
Prof. R. A. Harper,
iE Amory Haskell, aA. peeled
A. Hec Henry de Pores Baldwin, Bernard uns Arch
Edmund L. Baylies
Prof. Charles P. Paro Eugene P. Bicknell,
C. K. G. Billings, George Blumenthal, George S. Brewster, Prof. Britton, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. C. F. Chandler, William G. Choate, Hon. A ae Clark,
C. A.
Samuel A ns It,
Marin Le Brun ance Paul D. Cravath, Charles Deering,
M. Huntington,
Aaa Iselin,
Dr. Walter B. James, Walter B. Jennings, Otto H. Kahn,
Prof. James F. Kemp, Darwin P. Kingsley, Edw. V. Z. Lane,
Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Adolph Lewisohn,
Kenneth K. Mackenzie,
V. Everit Macy Edgar L. Marston, W. J. Mat George Siete ee McMillin, ir. Walter Ss
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Ten Mer
gam H. Dodge, muel W. Fairchild, “i. B. O. Field, James B. Ford, Henry W. de Forest, nege W. de Forest, . W. J. Gies, sit Guggenheim,
Bice R. Newbold, C. D. Norton Eben E. Olcott,
Prot. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Phipps,
F. R. Pierson,
James R. Pitcher,
Ira A. Place,
fons D. Rarkeletles William Rockefeller, W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Prof. H. H. Rusby, Dr. poy Sayre, Mortimer L. Schiff,
Albert } R. Shattuck,
Valentine P. Snyder, James Speyer, Frederick oes a K. Sturgis,
B. B. Thayer, Charles G. Thompson, W. Boyce Thompson Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
Allen Wardwell,
H. H. ee tins Bronson Win
Grenville L. nee
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour, Mrs. Robert Bacon, Miss en hae Mrs. N. L. B
A. Low Mrs. —. a Bay, Mrs. oe MacVeagh, Mrs.
. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. Robert ic Hill,
Mrs. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
he Delancey Kane,
s. Hamilton F. Kea, the rae E. Ki Mrs
Mrs. V. Everit Mac Mrs. Henry Marghand,
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Benson B. ee
Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. rr Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, . Kane,
Mrs. John I
Jas Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs. F. F. Thompson.
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members
1. Benefactors The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden, 2. Patrons e contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden te gift or u pain shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Gard 3. Fellows for Life The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the contributor to a a fellow for life of the Garden. 4. Fellowship Members Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 5. Sustaining Members ning members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become ctiieet eo life when rie BGO aggregate $1000.00. 6. Annual Members Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00 All members are entitled to the following privileges: 1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers.
ane to all abe given under the auspices of the Board of Mana:
3. A ee a ‘all handbooks published by ‘i Garden.
4. A copy of all annual reports and Bullet
5. A copy of the monthly Journal.
6. Privileges of the Board Room.
7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of 0.00.
Information mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire to ip ont
on bestanne or hortic dite ae cts. Docents will accompan embers scl - grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Macca ‘Building
at30 Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of....
Vol. XXII September, 1921 No. 261
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS
PAGE Botanizing in British Guiana 161 MIG TCHGEIMIAtA RIVED, . 6.5 cc cieciec ec cievccsscndcecrecucvviccecececeecs 168 The loss of a large Palm 171 Dr. Pennell’s new position. ..............eceecccc cece cence ee eeaneeeeenes 171 Notes, News and Comment 172 A ions 174
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy
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OFFICERS, 1921 PresipENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON HENRY W. DEFOREST VIcE-PRESIDENTS A eREDuRIe S. LEE TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1.. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922 HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires January, 1924 N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE eS OF THE City or NEw York N. JOHN F. HYLAN THE aoe OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLic P.irks HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
pe R. A. MOREE Chairman EUGENE P. BICK ROF. FREDERIC S. LEE DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON, ANNING S. PRALL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. Stra PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
RDEN STAFF DR. N. L. Bn GLEABON denamnd ief (Development, Administration)
H. A. GL N, Assistant eed Administration) DR. Jone Bre SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) DR. W. A. MUR , Supervisor of Public Instruction DR. P. A. BERG, Curator (Floweri lants DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator oes Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowe oT)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assi PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator jeans CRAWFOR i Associate eh TOUT, Director of the DR» JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bebliographer RAH ARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, isin Curator of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses
wee x ARTHUR] Nf CORBERT, Superintendent of Buildings ike ‘Gone KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Gardener
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII September, 1921 - No. 261
BOTANIZING IN BRITISH GUIANA
For the investigation of the flora of northern South America,
vantage of the English language, which is spoken by practically all the eee ts. I sailed from New York June 2, 1921, and an unusually quick
n that they
further nae except a reference to ae ae ey Professor A. 5S. Hitchcock in this journal (21: 7. 1920
The only regular line of eas to the jie is main- tained by Sprostons, Ltd. This company a the few hotels and resthouses along the tine. so that ale must depend on them almost entirely for his transportation and his personal comfort, unless he desires to resort to the slow and ex- pensive method of providing his own boat, crew, and outfit. Instead of abusing this monopoly, aaa have made it cheap, easy, and unexpectedly comfortable to travel some 150 miles into the interior. Every traveller is ‘personally conducted,” and all their employes are continuously ready to offer their services cheerfully and effectively in any way needed.
I61
162
River steamers on the Demerara River run three times a week as faras Wismar. The third day after ae arrival saw me on the crowded saloon deck of the ‘‘Essequibo,” while on the second class deck below a mob of negroes, East Indians, and mixed
Officer, Mr. L. S. Hohenkerk. As one steams up the mile-wide river, glimpses of plantations sugar factories may be had occasionally through the fringe of forest or ‘‘bush” along the shore. Conspicuous in the bush are the two mangroves, Rhizophora and Avicennia, indicating i idal flow. The infl
that the water is still brackish from the tid influence of the tide is in fact felt as far as Wi ‘ e the rise and fall amounts to six feet, although the water is perfectly fresh
Af slands are passed, the river narr down toa quarter of a mile or les: e mangroves are replaced by a nt
um, (Afontrichardia) known re a ucka-mucka. This plant seca leaves like the calla lily, its pore ieee It grows in a dense thicket along the river ban ems four to five
thin spot in the stem above each joint ants gain access to the interior and use the chambers for their nests. They open pas- s from one to the other and gradually move up as the tree
ndian cal fully avoid handling the plants, or for that matter any other plants which are habitually infested with ants, and long
perience has made the Indians exceedingly wise in this respect.
163
In the late a(ternoon, after eee etops to saint —
waiting bo. ed ae clearing with good buildings anda a sawmill, ate cee of Chetan r; A short distance beyond it lies Wismar, the
Mackenzie, built by and for the panne, Bauxite Company, but at the time of my visit almost deser
At Wismar, the Demerara and E: une rivers are less than twenty miles apart, an Sprostons have puilt a eee on ing them. This hast f leaving m-
g the erara below the first rapids and reaching the eared ee
in securing a comparatively spark-f: able t devote some eee to the oe san a eee The railroad climbs a steep grade to the crest of the broad
quibo, reaching its terminus at Rockstone, where a comfortable otel is provided. Early the next morning we left on the launch ‘ Piamah.”
ae one was icon shee 7 see a tree trunk behind it. A few
and herons foraged over the water, but of human life there was none
After eighteen miles of this interesting but monotonous nee * tropical life, its continuity is broken by the clearing
164
of Butukari, where Sprostons maintain a lumber camp. Then the rain began to fall in torrents, and except for a few brief in-
as darkness was fallin We crawled slowly up es Falls and Crab Falls, and ie eight o’clock reached Potaro Mouth,
sat ies in comfortable chairs to await the preparation of a very late din For the Four following weeks Tumatumari was my _ head- mada and ae it I besa the bush in every direction. ual plan was to leave the resthouse by half past six, collect
on to th d method of pressing and drying developed by myself in 190 4a and
n the article already fone Most plants were dry 30 hours after collection, a few more quickly, sang such fleshy an adequately describe the tape Tort? Not the botanist certainly, with his tenden a botanical viewpoint
ndency and terminology, nor the poet, with . fies to ace and all
ever is, by a Burroughs, who combines a knowledge and a love of sp i
branches are numerous epiphytic plants of orchids, aroids, bromeliads, and ferns; on the ground a mass of fallen trees and
165
limbs, a thin layer of a mold, and a very few delicate herba- ceous plants. No breeze can be felt, not a sunfleck appears on not be
expeditions through the trackless Guiana forests. Even the native Indians en closely to their ill-defined trails, ae their folklore abounds tales of their adventures when lost in the bush and beset ae wild beasts and the still more terrible bush spirits
the collector’s standpoint, the bush at Tumatumari is too ae to make it a desirable field for work. Ecologically, it seems to represent a single plant ieaceraas a - reat
lowland t 1 river is sree co: jee eegne since the Potaro flows th a narrow valley without a flood- plain. Successful collecting was further hampered by the on. | in Georgetown, and soon confirmed it in the bush, that the rainy season is not the blooming period for the vast majority of pl . Collecting was extremely slow, merely from lack of material in suitable condition, and my fit wi Ido to its full ca; y. Nevertheless, the lack of material made for more careful observation, an is
g se m 7 pane or a the trees. They entered heartily into the spirit of the work, and voluntarily se cieeduly devoted much
climbin: a series oe an cee aided ane ants, and ea down from a height of fifty feet flowering branches of the t
166
Collecting was further handicapped by the incessant rains, the
early morning and late afternoon hours, so that in general the mornings were available for field work. The best collecting was peers found along trails, where a
fi Kangaruma. Here S rostons maintain a resthouse for the use
few families of Maciel Indians. Interesting tai
2 I left Aiea and aided by the powerful currents, two
flooded at the time of m . The d flora, quite dif- ferent from the hill flora along the Potaro, could be collected only from the railway embankment o 0a g river ba: Back of the floodplain, a narrow belt olling hills is occupied by the usual plants of the Potaro district, but th numerous species not observed y fir Stil
farther back, and occupying a strip some fifteen miles wide be-
167
tween the Essequibo and Demerara Rivers, lies the area of sand-
mo’ me ‘on quently many an aerial battle is waged for the on to gather the catasetum nectar.
From Rockstone a two-day’s visit was made to Butukari,
S gre art, the world over for its remarkable strength and durability, especially when immer: n sal L up to 90 feet may be obtained, or shorter ones squari to 24 ous other valuable woods are obtainable, of which crabwood, wallaba, and purple heart are sti
t logs are dragged out by hand or steam winch to
stored pa water, since most of the important woods of the colony sink. For shipment they are lashed to timbers placed cross-wise of large ae a are kept submerged to reduce the apparent weight.
Animal life is abundant in the bush, and I frequently regretted that I aA no means of learning names for the numerous species
168
of birds that flew about the resthouses. Jaguars were occasion-
ally seen in the vicinity; i an rf small monkeys and howling
eae nd geouH baie seen Seal ; the
ally. Small green lizards w ee came around the hedees in geatchi of young chickens;
verandas at night, while several species of frogs kept up a con-
sistance in variou and at vari ca while every one whom I met aan a cei anaes in my work and did much stay in os eae pleasant. The eral ne a
Sir John B. arisen, Director of Science and Agriculture. ENRY ALLAN GLEASON.
ALONG THE JUNIATA RIVER
The largest known plant of the now celebrated box-huckle-
plant, particularly in regard to its geographic distributi ion, Di habitats, its morphologic oe its habits, and its relat s
2See Addisonia 6: 17-18. pl. 207. 1921.
169
n the opposite side of the ravine where it opens on the river there is a high cliff or bluff made up of fine shale—a Mecca for geologists from far and near, for it contains an inexhaustible store of saan fossils.
y this cliff our attention was attracted by what the
apie: three and four oe in diameter, were a clear yellow
t es before fou n Penns a with the flora of which we are well sere Besides growing on the cliff just mentioned
cro and down the ta. oved e O arillicola, Vectra known only from the vicinity of White Sulphur Springs, West oe where it was first discovered
represented. coer were neaely. everywhere. Not fewer than
mo. polypody (Polypodium vulgare), lady-fern (Athyrium Filix- fe ), maidenhair-spleenwort splen Trich es. cbony-spleenwort (A. puiale Christmas- ce (Polystichum acrostichoides), maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum), evergreen wood-fern (Dryopteris Halas is), flower-cu tae (Woodsia obtusa) and hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula). Although it was eee least floriferous time of. th year—goldenrod r i sters were beginning to
showy A. prenanthoides. On the cliffs, that harbinger of spring, the common rock-cress (Arabis lyrata) was found here and there
170
1 flower. Its usual associate, the columbine, (Aquilegia
ee still held its fruits and showed an occasional fl ; i i 1a) W re
by the eta (Sedum ternatum) in fine leafage, and
The extremes bee represen , by the q
, depressed, cannes (Anychia canadensis) and
ve pa halberd- pee a us (Hibiscus militaris), which was id
of ine mble Indian-tobacc (Lobelia inflata) was tangled with the grasses, while the cardinal er (Lobelia cardinalis) elevated its ea ae fue or
On the river banks were eae exotics and weeds. The int family was copiously represented by the ground ivy (Glecoma), catnip (Nepeta), and four species of the true mint (Mentha). Among native mints were several kinds of mountain mint (Keellia), a (Hedeoma), blue-curls (Trichostema and germander (Te
Noe to revert io ee chewy principal of this note: In mountains further south i as several associa Reaera endemic in the White Sulphur anes region. They are Eriogonum Allenii, Pseudotacnidia montana, Senecio antennarii-
a.
n tinc ence or Cenees presence in fee Juniata Valley is strengthened by the fact that the station where the box-huckleberry was first found was in the more southern part of Blue Ridge, in the same
where the interesting plants just mentioned, now occur. Several hundred plants of the tee hae bleberey were brought
171
ack and planted in the Garden. Also, a quantity of rosettes
of ee large evening- primrose was secured from which we will
pecimens next summer, as the plant is a biennial.
Seeds were also secured so that a more showy plantation can be developed for the succeeding year
JoHN K. SMALL.
THE LOSS OF A LARGE PALM
Record was made in the Journal for November 1903* of the transportation of a large palm, Co lumosa, measuring about 0 feet fro: h
measuring Recently it has taken on the unfortunate abit of forcing a pane of glass out of the upper dome whenever ade a new leaf, and it being impracticable to lower it, we ha
people. The palm collection contains, however, several smaller plants of the same kind; it is a native of Brazil.
DR. PENNELL’S NEW POSITION
. Francis W. Pennell has resigned from his position as an Associate Curator = the ane to accept the post of Curator of : : :
t en wit. us ee about seven years and has taken an mpor oe as t in the scientific and educational work of the institution, ee a curatorial duties, including exploration, lecturing and f American ene especially
* Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 217. 1903.
172
those of the Figwort Family, on which he has become the best authority in the scientific world. The Scientific Directors at their ins on October 8th ease = following preamble and resolut WHE : The resignation of Dr. rae W. Pennell as an Assciate ee has been tendered and accepte RESOLVED: That the Scientific Directors hereby record their te of the services rendered the Garden by him during his work as a member of the staff and cordially wish him all success and enjoyment in his new position of usefulness. N. L. Britton,
Secretary
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Letters received from Dr. Hen ea H. Peale Honoraty ees of the Economic Collections, whe is leadin in Bolivia, (Mulford Biclogical Expedition) indicate success in the collection of botanical specimens. The latest news is dated August 30th, written from Huochi on the Bopi River, when re-
Pp of June and proceeded to La Paz, Bolivia, thence down the eastern Andean pai ae botanical collections and obser- vations at many point: A heavy crop of fruit on the tulip-trees in the Garden this season is being utilized by the squirrels as a substitute for the chestnuts, which have disappeared under the attacks of the
173
chestnut canker. Many of the hickory trees, also, succumbed to the bark beetle, leaving very little natural food for the squirrels
the only one found in the Garden, but some fifteen years ago or more, the red squirrel was common. The black squ a merely a dark phase of the gray, is occasionally seen, the last one noted appearing about the boulder bridge quite recently.
Two interesting discoveries were recently made at Yama
arms by Dr. Murrill. i sweet- peers mene Dees suaveolens, which is rather comm willow, was found on the large-to d i ame penn en ance of
tains, a number of species have been quite abunda sweet-scented species above referred to, which
in the Botanical Garden, has a fragrance much like that of anise seed, by which it can sometimes be detected several rods wa’
A large specimen of Roskovites granulatus, Bigs over three inches in breadth, was foun recently u er white pine trees east of Conservator ange : Thi er common,
edible species of Boletus an reens and seem:
ever; sa
of introduction into our groun WO species are mu
alike, but B. luteus has an ample white ring, is mu re slimy, nd the surface is usually darker. It will be remembered that
y Range spread about the base of individual trees, se eeally on the northern side, until basketfuls of it may be collected after the autumn rains
174
Professor F. S. Earle has ie to Porto Rico and is located t
which he shares with the Garden. Mrs. Earle is wit
Meteorology for September: The total precipitation for the month was 3.35 inches. The maximum temper. recorded for e were as follows a on and, 88° 8th, 86° on the ees and 85° on the 2 he minimum tempera- tures wi 66°on the 5th, ane es on vite gth, 52° on the 14th, a ge ont ie 24th
ACCESSIONS
LIBRARY, FROM May I TO SEP. 30, 1921
Albertson, Alice O. Nanincket wild seth illustrated by Anne Hinchman, New York, 1921. (Given by Dr. N. L. Britton. Annales de resi nationelle d’ agriculture de Montpellier. N.S. Vol. 2
Montpellier, 1902
Blatchley, Willis ae A naiure i £01 d by the sea. Indian- apolis, 1902
Blatchley, Willis ne Boulder reveries. Indianapolis, 1906.
Blatchley, Willis Sta Gleanings from nature, reer 1899.
Blatchley, Willis ee "Woo ‘and idyls. Indianapolis, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 30 vols. en Index, ve Given hu i
p, George. Parks; their design, equipment and use. Philadelphia, 1916. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publications 98, 112, 131, 139, 140, 178, 192, 194, 204, 206, 209, 217, 284, 289, 307. (Given by the Carnegie In- ington,
Castelli, Pietro. Hortus messanensis, Clementi, Mrs. Cecil. Through pee Caeae a Pe ‘suminit of Roraima.
1920. Deam, Charles Clemon. Trees of Indiana. Ist. Rev. ed. Fort Wayne, 1921. (Given by the author.) Der Pils und Kreuterfreund. 4 vols. Heilbronn a. N. 1917-21 oss, Alexander, ed. The Daily Telegraph Victory atlas of the world, 2
Hartinger, An ton, & Becker, M. A. Die essbaren und giftigen Schwamme in ihren wichtigsten Formen. ee m, Ed. 2. Wien, 1870.
Hayes, Hei He Kendall, & Garber, Ralph John. Breeding crop plants. New York,
175
Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1-10. Washington, 1911-20.
National geographic magazine. Vols. 35-38. Washington, 1919, 20. (Given by Mrs. N. L. Britton.)
Patterson, Homer L. Patterson's American educational directory. Vol. 18.
Pellett, Frank C. American honey planis. Hamilton (IIl.) 19: rintz, Henrik. The vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian aie Seed Sayansk lee Trondhjem, 1921. (Given by Det Kongelige Norske Viden. skabers Selskab.) Quin, one T. The building of an islan sketch of the geological structure of St. Croix. . . Christiansted, 1907. ae en by Dr. Arthur Ho a ee Smith, Anne Lorrain. A handbook of British keene London,
Ti -)
Taylor, Albert Davis, & Cooper, Gordon D. The complete garden, Gar- den City, 1921.
Thatc! a Roscoe Wilfr The chemistry of te life. New York, 1921.
Vivian, Alfred. aa chemistry. New York, 1920. (Given by the Torrey iene Club.
Vries, Hugo de. Opera e periodicis collata. Vol. 5, 6. Utrecht, 1920.
Wiesner, Taligs von Die Rohst ( des pean ro Ed. 3, Vol. 3.
Edited by J. Moeller. Leipzig, 1921
PLANTS AND SEEDS
9 plants of Tris. (Given by Mr. a:
5 plants of Rhododendron catawbiense var. compactum, (Given by Mr. H. P. Kelsey.
30 plants of Iris. (Given by Movilla Gardens.)
47 plants of Iris. (Collected - - W. Kimball.)
114 plants of Iris. (Given by Mrs. O. A. Runyon.)
264 ee for Mads Saphies etitiey )
8 plan a ven phage H. M. Schmoll.)
¢ . b
Giv : 11 plants of nied cen (Given ba Mr. A. ‘uthbert.) 2 plants for Conservatories. Shaye es Mr. P. A. ick.)
‘ollect y M 1o plants of Artemisia Sielleriana. (Collected i Miss Mary E. Eaton.) 25 Orchids. (Collected-by Mr. P. H. Rolfs.) 50 plants of Gaylussacia brachycera. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Smalt.) 30 plants of Oenothera argillicola. (Collected by Dr. J. K. Small. 74 plants, all cacti. (In exchange with the U. S. Nat. Museum, through Dr. . N. Rose.)
176
254 plants. (Derived from seed from various sources.)
nant - —_ of oe
(Collected by Mr. B. C. Tha: ne
Given by Mr. ed R. Pitcher.)
Ipomoea s sp. (In excha: a el Brother Hioram.)
lect ae by Dr. F. W. Pennell.)
3 packets of seed.
(Collected by Dr. H. H. on ry.) h:
(By exchange with B. G., Lyons, France.) (By exchange with B. G., Glasnevin, toe Ireland.) : and, )
ed. (By exchange 2 packets of seed from Trinidad. (Collected by Dr. N.L. Bri n.)
4 ie of seed. N. Ros
(By exchange with U. S. Nat. Museum Gah Dr. J.
I ne for Conservatories. (Given by Mrs. A. Kegel.)
ries. (Given by Mr. John Dunbar.)
57 plants for Iris Gar (Given by The Van Wert Iris Garden.) 31 plants for Iris Garden. ( by Mr . Farr. 6 pla Tris Garden. ( yy Mrs. Martin A, Cumbler.) 56 plants for Iris Garden. (Given by Mr. Willis E. )
R:
2 lant: 28 plants for Rock Garden
2 ai nts of opuntia. (Given by Mr. C. LeDuc
Vert
ae aout Florida la.
.) (Given by Dr. E. T, Wherry.) Ce By Mr. S. Rapp. ervatories, (By exchange with eee ee Mr.
4 plants for Conservatories. (By exchange wit J.E
upt. itsia hybrid. (by exchange with Mr. te as. C. Deam.) Conservatories. (By exchange with U. S. National Museum Rose.
1 pkt. of Seed. (Given by Mr. James R. Pitcher.)
23 pkts. of Seed.
Given by Mrs. Ethel A. S. Peckman.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prot. Henry F. Osborn Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Henry Phipps,
Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, F. R. Pierson,
Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, James R. Pitcher, John ie ae J. Amory Haskell, Ira A. Place,
George F. Bak T. A. Havemeyer, ee oe S. Prall, ane Baker, A. Heckscher, Charles F. Ran
Henry de Forest Baldwin, Bernhard Hoffmann, a Mills Reid; Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. a William Rockefeller, George Blumenthal, Otto H W. Emlen Roosevelt, George S. Brewster, Prof. ieee F. Kemp, Prof. H. H. Rusby, Prof. N. L. Britton, Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff,
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, Prof. W. H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht,
Prof. C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane,
William G. Choate, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder,
Hon. W. A. Clark, V. Everit Macy, James Speyer,
C. A. Coffin, Edgar L. Marston, Frederick Strauss,
Marin Le Brun Cooper, W. J. Matheson,
Paul D. Cravath, George McAneny, B. B. Thay
Charles Deering, Emerson McMillin, Page G. Thomosn, ev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, Dr. Walter Ae dad Boyce Thom
Cleveland H. Dodge, John L. Mer Dy. W. Gilman hea
Samuel W. Fairchild, Ogden Mills, Louis C. Tiffany,
William B. O. Field, Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Felix M. Warburg,
James B. Ford, J. Pierpont Morgan, Paul M. Warburg,
Henry W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Allen Wardwe
Robert W. de Forest, pag an ele . H. Westinghouse, of. ies, 41D): Bronson Winthr
Daniel feeeeahiennt: Eben E. aan Grenville L. Waskeap.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. a i Delancey Kane Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Robert Bac Hamilton F. iResc: Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Miss Elizabeth Billings, ae Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, tton, Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Phares D. Dickey, Mrs. CharlesMacVeagh, Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor,
ig a Cy Hilly Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, s. Wm. A. Hutcheson, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Mrs, Walter Jennings,
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs, E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs, John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson.
Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
7. Benefactors
The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest shall entitle the et to be a benefactor of the Garden. 2. Patrons
he contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden. 3. Fellows for Life The contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 4, Fellowship Members Fellowship members pay $100.00 or more annually and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 5. ae ee Sustaining members pay from $25.0 piste ae and become ellows ‘en life when their pear re $1000 6. Annual Members Annual members pay an annual fee of $10.00. Ail members are entitled to the following ancien eges 1. Tickets to all lectures given under the sania of the Board of Managers. 2. ee to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of Baral cue a all handbooks published by ane Garden. 4. A oo of all annual reports a ci Bullet 5. A copy of the monthly Journa 6. Privileges of the Board ee 7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00
Information Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any members through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building at 3 o'clock. Form of Bequest I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of
Vol. XXII October, 1921 No. 262
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS Botanical Collecting in French Gui 07 TOW RMOUOUCHOLONS ..cccccccdccccccieccsccustseersersesecoees 184 Notes, News and Comment 199
Accessions.
Price $1.00 A YEAR; 10 CENTS A Copy
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN At 8 West KiNG STREET, LANCASTER, Pa INTELLIGENCER PRINTING COMPANY
OFFICERS, 1921 PresiwENT—W. GILMAN THOMPS HENRY W. Tore Vick-PRESIDENTS 1 FREDERIC S. LEE TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL ASSISTANT TREASURER—HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1922 HENRY de FOREST BALDWIN MURRY GUGGENHEIM PAUL D. CRAVATH ADOLPH LEWISOHN WILLIAM BOYCE THOMPSON Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. eis JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST J.P.M DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS Term expires January, 1924 N.L.B LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS HENRY. W. Te TOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE barter OF THE City or NEw YorE HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS A.
P. OF R. A. HARPER, Chairma EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC SL TE DR. NICHOLAS eee BUTLER HON. ANNINGS PROF. WILLIAM J. GIE PROF. HERBERT ML {. RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN Sas Head Curator of the Museums lowers Plants)
Ura De ARE A. CRAWFORD. Associate Curator OUT, Director of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer RAH H. HA ibrarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, ung Curator of the Economic Collections achgee G. BRI TTON, eee Curator of Mosses
me ARTHUR. CORBETT, Superintendent of Build ings pay ‘Gopal NNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Garden
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
Vor. XXII October, 1921 No. 262
BOTANICAL COLLECTING IN FRENCH GUIANA.
On the 1oth of ee = year I sailed from Port of Spain in the French mail steamer, St. Raphael, to undertake a three
I was to hscae poe myself after eee at Cayenne, the capital.
Ia yenne on April h (five days after I left Trinidad) a ee in rain. I of course bearers re- ceived sanction from the then Governor of Trinidad and Tobago, Sir John Chancellor, R. E., K. C. M. G., D. 5. O., who had in turn obtained the authority of the Secretary of State for the British Colonies, London, England, to permit of my going, as
as sp work outside the scope of the Department
of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago to which I am attached
s i t . And I desire to place on record that it was through the kindly recommendation of Mr
an, Director, in the first instance, that I was able to obtain
four months’ leave for the purpose. Also to Mr. Wm. Nowell,
ho was ing Director after Mr. Free n
w: of the New bar Botanical Cae ae 7 was sent on this i t
athe: spe York Botanical Ce the United States National Herbarium,
I decided to make the capital my temporary home, as it was
177
178
noted that plants, of many families, were at hand both in the streets, on its walls, and in the canals which form no inconsid- erable eas . ie - reas which go to make up the town of Cayen
den notably J. B. Patris in the year 1795, Aublet earlier uring t and Lagot about 1855. Patris’ plants a to Switzerland and Aublet’s and Lagot’s to Paris. Apart
e botany of any part of French Guiana, hence Dr. bahar anxiety to acquire some o a wild plants which grow in that fertile and interesting country for the three institutions ia to rae
After my arrival at Cayenne and due to complications of the ao ieee I found that ti.e French steamer S hae
&
nc these goods and chattels were sent back to Cayenn rgo boat. Here a problem
3 y ffice, to it a sufficient quantity of this class of paper and thus was able to begin botanical eae vn waiting until the proper Papers were returned to Cay It raine a yourieut the none I was in French Guiana,
which made my stay there run into four months instead of hree, as eas itis it being ee impossible to return earlier ing , steamer irregularities, and other un-
r ee neem The drying of specimens in the midst of so much humidity was a difficult operation, especially with
179
soft- tissued plants such as the aroids. Mosqui toes were a
dwell on these enemies a moment so as to emphasize the painful ae a poi tor has to go through eae engaged in his work n that part of the world. The worst of the mosquitoes is a big, black seni ants as ‘‘Mac,” ae darts at eas deliber- ately and extracts blood ge from bare arm, hand, head and even a clothing. I know something a mosqui- toes, but the French Guiana ones beat anything I ever met in the West Indian Islands of Carriacou, Grenada, Tobago and rinidad. The Wet Season of French Guiana comes in at a tim itis = Dry Season of Trinidad and other islands of the Cartan o that if one va to botanize when the weather is Ae ae would have to be there from July or August deat ee or January. to the fact that I had received aie from Dr. nee to limit the area for field work and to pick up everything
groups, or species, that were indigenous in the districts where I was occupied in plant-study and plant collecting. I should
for miles to the eastward. Long before you enter the harbor you pass millions of mangrove tr with no sign of sand sea shi Mud rywhere! Upon landing and after in-
the total absence of wild pines (Bromeliaceae), not an in- dividual appearing on a single tree
180
True, I met a few clumps of the long- one ieee oe n ew
(Nidularium Karatas) on Matabon hill, but ither flowering nor fruiting: that was the only peanneir A = the family w was seen by me is not easil
ent: A few of the more prominent plants of the town and its immediate environment are Solanum torvum, Jatropha urens, antana Camara, Eleusine indica, Tragia polubilis (climbing stinging nettle), Piper marginatum, Leucaena glauca and Mimosa igra. The swamps of have thei i
Canavalia, Maximili Mel: maceas Rubia I
the swamps farther out on the same road are mangroves and the tall, massive ‘‘bally-hoo” (Ravenala gunners). This is the principal place where the refuse of C deposited, being brought hither by special carts driven by convicts, causing, in consequence, this p f the cou an atmosphere of extreme unpleasantness to the collector, although the residents
admit they do not notice it, as they are “used to it.” It was
181
here, aggravated by mosquito attacks and rains, that much of
he botanists a naturalis a as savannah areas; poor lands unsuited naceae, peracaie: first a fedtion: In the adjacent ow hills, two to
road and (c) another hill close to a rum distillery, parts of each of the three being washed by the open sea. The vegetation is thick and is composed of trees, shrubs, large vines and fer. representing but a few species, one or two Scitamineae, some grasses and a few sedges.
One aeae shia was collected; it had a solitary fruit, was abou o feet tall and this was pa a ground orchid I
‘y r months o Le. (Voyria) was observed, eile oe ng ane ideal conditions i ch
aroid whose shining green leaves fa pink- ae shaggy
182
petioles were exceptionally pretty. On the hill above Grant’ Road to which I frequently went and among the alana
found to contain a great deal of white sap rae was of a tena- cious stickiness, and from all parts of the oo when freshly cut,
lowed this colored sap. Herbarium specimens, while drying, had a rather pleasant smell and the cut ae turned dark brow.
: Cayenne there are two public avenues, one sees a full- gro’ ango trees where boys and men stone the trees un- peal during the time they are fruiting, and ee other running up past the cemetery and turning - to’ Mota Badouel and the
so-called Botanic Garden. This ue has been formed of lonuee (Hymenaea) with a rain ai fone eee the “crappo tree’ of Trinidad. The small area called the “ peas
arden” is full of bush and yee boys and men sho im the i e
beauty. Freedom of action in this respect would seem to exist
in and out of Cayenne. French Guiana is a magnificent oe country. Its bananas, th in
se.’’ At the time of my visit these industries were not thriving, many people being out of work as the at of employers. cee
he pri onsi erable distance, where the wild vegetation is fairly ene
183
but I had only one opportunity of seeing it, and that was the
= collecting specime ns. A Montrichardia was also seen which tched well with the Trinidad M. aculeata. Scarcely a tea or ee large insect was seen either on this or any other ne and ee scarce. During the time I w: t Cay I saw neither moth nor allied hae pean is - faa lights at night. These blanks in the fauna puzzled me as much as did ne absence of
€ pic among swarms a aoe ng sand flies; off the beach, islets stand in view and upon one of the smaller ones upright growing
In closing this narrative J must ee omit to refer to the kindness rendered me by His Excellency, the Governor of French Guiana; Monsieur Romney of the hiet aeea Secretary ’s Office; Monsieur Magney, Agent of the French Line of Steamers; Monsieur F. Rambaud, the British be Consul; and Mr. John Grosvenor re the British Consulate. als = received Cou and civilities from every g and
chief fodder grasses cultivated at Cayenne are Pard
up ingle in the ak as food items in their season.
The town of Cayenne has wide streets, good residences, a pani water eee foe drinking purposes and a daily ice out-put. At night electric lights are seen throughout the place. Due to easterly winds the air is cool and pleasant even at midday in the shade.
In their entirety my collections were shipped to Dr. Britton from Port of Spain - New York. On ne ae am ought to be added and that is t palm some sixty feet in height aes the ony of the Onesdous outside the Hospital of St. Pau
W. E. Broapway
184
HOW TO GROW RHODODENDRONS.!
Rhododendrons can be grown much more easily in the greater part of Southeastern New York, than in any part of Western New York, as lime is present in the soil throughout the most of Western New York. By Western New York I refer more particularly to the region around Ro ase Batavia and Buffalo. In most oe es where success has been obtained in Western New York in the growing of Rh ee the soil has been excavated to a depth of several feet and replaced with humus. This of course is an expensive operation
i
were e erely injured throughout the greater part of the Northeastern States by the severely cold winters of 190, d 1904, 18, and 1 1920, sing a vas
and killing large numbers iais ae any 8 rowers were ae ch
sae and numerous i brice suffered comparacuely very
umber of their flo buds e blasted with the intense cold The so-called Catawbiense hybrid Rhododendrons, in a some- what limited number, whi re rao in many gardens, and
ew American, Caucasian and A: species are the only form that have been atall eee in pean oe in the Northeastern
e ved, but hardihood they have : surely due to the presence of the blood of our native R. cataw esas ae ery few named forms have been added to these hardy Cat eee recently. A number of hybrids ae reput oe hardihood have resulted from her fo
wit It is a compact plant with white flowers, very hardy, ae a beautiful form.
1 Prbhie he N,
York Botanical Garden, September 3, 1921.
185
e Caucasian R. Smirnowii has been crossed with R. catawbt- ense at the Arnold Arboretum, and the progeny is said to be
hardy, The s there is excellent promise of a of important garden plants. R. reeidiabiuaees in 2 typicet form, is a handsome flower- hae:
carolinianum is a very decorative garden plant, of small c it, wi
ore
of March to April 1st. The blossoms are sometimes injured by n
tis to be reareHed that the large number of new species dis-
covered by Henry E. Wilson in Western China will not pe in any part of ee Northeastern States. They do well o
us lea ic appear externally to be so different from Rh perhnten that
sulphur and primrose, the dazzling shades of apricot, salmon, orange and vermilion, are always a fresh revelation of color.
exaggerated, but when a large collection of the so-called Ghen hybrids, and rae species of Azaleas are assembled acne
186
in a ravine, and well eae tae are in full bloom, Mr. Ellwanger’s description is not ov
e American Azaleas are lovely flowering Lille o should be extensively planted. Seventeen spec: e now credited to North America. Eight of these are more or rss in cultivation.
Perhaps one of’ the most beautiful is Rhododendro
Seales freely on the Appalachian range. The flowers vary fro: yellow to deep orange-scarlet and the plant flowers
feel adhering to t d limestone from light pink to hee rosy aaa nd are ee fragra ae
. nudiflorum is now known to a se more southern distribution than R. reseum, and is a rare plant in Western
4 fo} 5 han imme i=] ae a o o 3 a ot co) ion o a co = ot oO = ro = a. a o = ion fd Bud o es » 5 jy ina oO o i) a ct @ 4 “3s e
of the State. The showy pink flowers are very attractive, a have aye little fragrance.
other species of American Azaleas are important in the
ie following: R. Vaseyi, R. arborescens, R. occidentale, R. canadense and R. viscosum.
Of the thirty- four species of Azaleas credited to the Old
R. japonicum. The flowers range in color from oo to hi ong ti e
the result of crossing R. dopenicum with R. mo Tle
187
Rhododendron ae ee: promises to become an import- ant garden plant. It aid to be a common shrub in Korea a Lag eel uadea: on the Diamond Mountains. It has and can easily be recognized from any aie es It flowered with us last spring for the first time.
The large blossoms are clear pink and are quite sho’ er’s Azalea, now known botanically as Ricdodedioi
aem
obtusum var. Ki erz,is a most desirable and beautiful garden plant. Introduced from Japan about thirty years since, it is now fairly well distributed. The flowers usually v: from
light red to deep red. It seems to enjoy partial shade, and in the Arnold Arboretum does a didly under the partial shade of hemlocks, showing a much richer color ing than d to the a sun.
The dainty and lovely Kurume Azaleas recently introduced to reer gardens from Japan, which reveal a wide range of
T do not think they would be at all satisfactory in Western New York out he doors.
Am e various groups of hardy hybrid Azaleas the so- called eee Azaleas are the most desirable. The flowers are,
perhaps, not as large as in some of the other hybrid groups, but the tinting is oe and most of them are fragrant. mew out 1825 a baker at Ghent hybridized some of
the American Azaleas amongst themselves, and also with the
other hybrid groups, in which al o the ae Pacific coast these forms is so mixed that it is impossible recognise their
inity. The forms of the Ghent hybrids are perhaps more enduring ah ee evry > the other hybrid groups, and some of the Mundi, Altaclarensis, Unique, Cardinal, Daviesei,
Viscoceohala: ie. Fritz Quihoui, General Trauff, Grandeur
188
Triumphante, Ignea aha Joseph N. Bauman, Julda Schipp, Ma ie e Moser and Puc already intimated nie soil in Highland Park, Rochester, Pee lime. The subsoil is tight, sandy loam, on gravel, and el drained naturally. This soil was excavated to a depth o two and a half to three oe and ee with humus which was found conviently near in a “‘Kettle-hole,” with which cow dung was liberally mixed. All at panes to grow Az aleas previously,
e mu m: this is permitted, it is extremely difficult to restore it to the point of saturation, and the plants will suffer and pass through the winter badly.
I might say here that in Durand-Eastman Par!
1 th of the city of Rochester, on Lake Ontario, north of what is
known as the ‘Ridge Road”’ = ls contains only a faint trace of lime, and we have found t r great eae that the American Azaleas and Rhodedendeens do r well in
leaves or decayed manure. It is only during the past few years
happy.
north winds, which are so and penetrating in February and first of March, is essential . ae lay of the land or by some other means. If tall trees are adjacent to break a little of the winter
189
sunshine it may help them considerably. I believe however if they are thoroughly mulched, and the roots are in the right sta- tus of moisture, winter sunshine has but little ees on them. opagation of Rhodo — and Azaleas is now a important matter in this country since the penne Sehibited
a named Catawbiense hybrids. We strongly urge the raising of seedlings from these alten ate aa where a large collection is assembled, o doubt cross pollination is effected naturally. They will ee in from five to six years from seed.
It is hoped that American nuserymen wherever they have the
ablished. Som pagators do not head the stocks back ree until the Hien ear. Feces: of either Rhododendrons or Azaleas should be sown in
ona faely prepared surface of sandy, peaty soil. They should be kept close to the g and shaded from direct sunshine until they are well ae Care must be exercised not to over-
190
water or they will damp readily, particularly in dull winter eath By spring they will be large enough to transplant to
nter 0. spring they can be transplanted from the pots into nursery beds OHN DUNBAR, Rochester, New York.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
The flowering of the dahlia border was brought to an abrupt close by killing frosts on the mornings of October 26 and 27. The advent of the first killing frost wa; the earliest in the four years of the border’s existence. In 1918 it was killed on November
i n No
and vicinity in touc ith the latest perfections in dahlia- breeding. The a aoveltic eae by Judge Josiah T. Marean of Green's Farms, Conn., and by J. J. Broomall of Eagle Rock, California, were especially noteworthy.
id a number t rden useum for the purpose of looking over our mycological col- lections. Me es he apis The total precipitation for the month was 0.58 in maximum temperatures recorded for each
191
week were as follows: - on the 7 7834° on the 11th, 76° on the i9th and 66° on 28th. minimum temperatures 28°
on the a! the morning of ihe 26th, when a temperature of 2914° was recorded.
ACCESSIONS Museum AND HERBARIUM
t specimen of Cepaluros virescens from Mississippi. (Given by Professor L. E. Mills.) (o) specimens of marine algae from Bermuda. (Given by Dr. A.B, Hervey.) specimens of flowering plants from the Bolivian Andes. (By i a iy tvard Uni os sity. pecimens of flowering plants from Haiti. (By exchange with the United States National Museum 105 specimens of flowering plants from Utah. (By exchange with Pro- fessor A, O. Garrett). 121 as of flowering plants from Arizona. (Distributed by Mr. W. N, Clut 5 specimens of flowering plants from southern Utah. (Given by Dr. Harry Hapeman. I specimen of Osmunda claytoniana from Vermont. (Given by Mrs. W. sae ) oto) ogr raphs ae mostly cacti. (By exchange with the United
lantern slide. ‘By xchange with the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.) I specimens of aoe plants. (By exchange with the Royal Botanic ea Kew, England.) 9 specimens of flowering plants from the Peruvian Andes. (By exchange Harvard University.) 0 specimens of hepaticae from New England. (Given by Miss Annie te renz.) aera of orchids from eastern North America. (Given by Dr. H. M. bude f fl ing pl f South America. (By exchange with Pre University.) = ane RF cacti, (By exchange with the United States National m.)
Mus f Trinidad. (Collected by Mrs. N. L. Britton.) (By exchange with Rev. David
56 specimens of mosses from Hawaii. Lillie, 178 specimens of mosses from Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missouri, Colo-
192 rado, Utah, Alaska, Guatemala, Panama, Venezuela, and Africa. (By ex- change with the United States National Museum
678 specimens of mosses from Michigan. (By ‘exchange with Dr. George ichols.)
= specimens of mosses from California and Montana. (By exchange with
4
2 specimens of mosses from British Guiana, Maine, and Vermont. (By exchange with Professor Edward B. Chamberlain.) 4 specimens of mosses from Portugal and Madeira. (By exchange with ales T. D. A. Cockerell.) specimen of moss from California. (By exchange with Miss Dorothy Git 37 specimens of mosses from Java. (By exchange with Dr. A. W. Evans.) 60 specimens of m mosses from various localities. (By exchange with Pro-
865 specimens of flow ring plants from North America. (By exchange with the United States Suan ial Museum.) 4 specimens of flowering plants from Alabama. (Given by Dr. R. M. Harper. 1791 specimens of Brazilian plants. (By exchange with the British
I 1 specimen of Poria from New York. h Dr. H. D. House.) specimen of Stropharia Nae fron California. (By exchange with Alice Eastwood. pecimens of fungi from Porto Rico. (By exchange with Professor F. S. Earle.) 3 specimens of fungi from Albertia, Canada. (By exchange with Mr. N. B. Sanson. 12 specimens of fungi from Bermuda. (By exchange with Dr. H. H. Whetzel.) 3 polypores ie Brazil. (By exchange with Mr. H. M. Curran.) 6000 specimens of flowering and flowerless plants from Trinidad, (Col- lected by Dr. aa Mrs. N. L. Britton.) 625 specimens of ferns and fern-allies from Jamaica. (Collected by Mr. W. R. Maxon. 164 specimens i“ pnb plants from Guatemala. (By exchange with Professor W. W. lee.) 250 specimens - een plants from Jamaica. (By exchange with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Englan 23 specimens and photographs of cacti; (By exchange with the United
n = & is 2 oO
°
ews 4 2. 3 i=] En 8
men of Sonchus uliginosus from Pennsylvania. (Given by Mr. E. aes ns of mosses nes Santo Domingo. (By exchange with the ney aan National Museum.) 478 specimens of flowering pines from Martha’s Vineyard. (By exchange with Harvard University.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim,
Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Charles B. cae nena S. Harkness, Vincent . R. A. Harper, John W. Bttirlce ‘ Chee Haskell,
George F. Baker, Stephen Baker, Henry de mores Baldwin, Bernhard Hiciaann, Edmund L. Baylies, Archer M. Huntington, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Eugene P. Bicknell
Prof. Tamed F, Kemp, Darwin P. Kingsley, Prof. Edw. S. Burgess, Edw. V. Z. Lane,
i Dr. Albert R. Ledoux,
> a. So ae = te @
3 4
Prof. C. F. Chandler, isohn, Hon. W. A. Clark, enneth K. Maetencie Cc. A. n, Everit Macy,
Marin Le Brun Cooper, Paul D. Cravath, Charles Deering,
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow, re McMillin,
r. Walter Meadelean! ie L. Merrill, Ogden Mills,
Hon. Ogden L. Mills, Henry W. de Forest, J. Pierpont Morgan, Robert W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris,
Gies, Frederic a ae Daniel Guggenheim. . D. Nor
William B. O. Field, James B. Ford,
Eben E. ee
Prot. Henry F. Osborn, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Henry Phipps,
F. R. Pierson,
James R. Pitcher,
John D. Rockefeller,
William Rockefeller,
W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Prof. H. H. Rusby,
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
Albert R. Shattuck,
Henry A. ete
William Sloa:
Valentine P. Bae
James Speyer,
Frederick Strauss,
urgis,
B. B. Thayer,
Charles G. Thompson,
W. Boyce Thompson,
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson ouis C. Tiffany,
Felix M. Warburg,
Paul M. brah
Aa Wardwell
Grenville L. Wilithrop,
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour,
Bacon, Miss ee Billings, Mrs.
Mrs. Delancey Kane, Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs Low,
Hist V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. as D. Dickey, Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. George D. Pratt, Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Mrs. James Roosevelt, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
. W. Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A. Scrymser, Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs. F. F. Thompson,
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In the tenth valume. NEW YORK esiamiga: GARDEN Park, New York City
November and December, 1921 No. 263, 264
JOURNAL
OF
EDITOR R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS et PAGE _ Historic Trails by Land and by Water 193 _ The Palm Collection 223 _ Conference Notes for November and December 224 d Comment 227 229 231
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OFFICERS, 1921
PresipeEnT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON
HENRY W. DEFOREST VICE-PRESIDENTS A PaEeRic S. LEE TREASURER—JOHN L. MERRILL haat Thudetace HENRY DE LA MONTAGNE SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON
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EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL ROBERT W. de FOREST ees DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F, K. STURGIS Term expires January, 1924 N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MOR HENRY W. de FOREST FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD W. J. MATHESON W. GILMAN THOMPSON
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS Tse Mayor oF THE City or NEw YorkE HON. JOHN F. HYLAN THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS Eek R. A. HARPER, Chairm EUGENE P. BICKN PROF. FREDERICS aie DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNINGS. P PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT Me I RICHARDS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
GARDEN STAFF DR.N. L. ERTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. H. A. GLEAS SON, Ae ee poe inistration) DR. jORN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) R. W. A. MU peice of Public nstruction
eh . STOUT, Director of the Labor DR. OH HENDLEY BAR NHART, Biblio apher RAH H. HARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of M R. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotan ist
ale z ARTHUR] ie CORBETT, Superintendent of Beets so ‘Geo ENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Garden
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JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VoL. XXII November and December, 1921 No. 263, 264
HISTORIC TRAILS, BY LAND AND BY WATER. A RECORD OF EXPLORATION IN FLORIDA IN DECEMBER 1919.
Wir PLatEs 263-266
The prospect of passing, within the space of a few hours, from the dead of winter into the life of summer is naturally fascinating. With this outlook in mind Dr. and Mrs. Britton, Mrs. Small, and the writer left New York en route for Florida about the first of December, 191
Repeated killing frosts 7 ee eezing weather about New York had ravaged all iad things, except the evergreens, at aes in exposed plac
The striking ae in rahe landscape in emerging from the
Keys and Florida Keys, where they are not only evergreen, but aa often be found in flower or in fruit nearly throughout the
Nort of the Mason and Dixon line the hardwood trees were leafless, except in the swamps of New Jersey where the young
dead, dried leaves. The characteristic bark, clothing the trunk of the white-birch (Betula populifolia), was a ete feature in the landscape of the rocky slopes below New Brunswick, while the smooth-alder (Alnus serrulata), in a low places, showed its nascent aments ready to flower with the first real
193
194
warm spell of the winter. The only green oo appeared on the ground was that of the foliage of the winter-annual weeds
hree cultivated shrubs, the eens means
intooa japonica)—often ca and privets (Ligustrum ovalifoliu L. amurense)—usually in hedges d native tree, the sweet-ba agnolia virginiana), which was pecially conspicuous peas t th on account of its rsistent leaves. In addi ant, the
para: woody pla: istletoe (Phoradendron eas ee greeneries a i rom the size of one’s head to that of a maa basket. It was most abundant on oaks, hickories, and g On barren hills the scrub oaks, and in ve places, larger oaks, still held their dead and dried leaves, all of which stood out in strong contrast against scattered groves of the evergreen red- cedar ees virginiana). Ho’ r, from Virginia to a be leaves other than dead ones
were in es in low places and in swamps; but they were not green. The tulip-tree iriodendron, si maple (Acer), the sweet-gum (Liguidambar), and the gum (Nyssa) were all
e mu throughout its range, whether it be in Canada or in southern Florida
In southern Georgia the trees in the hammocks of the swamps ne along the streams had not put on their fall coloring, at least t to the same extent as those further north. “The extensive marshes, pete appeared approximately as they do the year around. Two plants, however, were partic- ularly conspicuous on the flats ee the winding channels,
195
strongly contrasted by different shades of color—-the one a
g sparagus were scattered along the pecs - the dull-yellow subbes of the rice fields often attracted t e. tches along the way, filled with a ee g gold, dis-
ae the only conspicuous flowering plant Ge. : full bloom
sil me: which, of course, stood far above all the surrounding cena vegetation.
Along the Saint ae meee at Jacksonville more plants were in flower. Inasm ea there were observed—beard-grass (Andropogon glomerat Hs neve ete ns crassipes), Indian-shot (Canna flaccida), bladder-pod aster (A ster ian ee a bush oo halimifoti),
vate
and aed S- ae (Bidens leucantha). tree, the pear ‘en 5 ee ae ees a ache- os or a ash (Zanthoxylum Clova-Hercutis) were in
at the bee building of the Plant Introduction Garden i h
Mr. ace s cactus plantation at Buena Vista, m moreover, stil
Florida appears to be peculiar among the States in one respect, at ane all parts of that Commonwea Ith claiming to have ‘‘the best location and the best climate.’
Notwithstanding this advertis ed unifor mity in place and
sequently in the ve on. e latter, of course, was the magnet that Bees us i the field. Palms and wild-pepper
196
plants were our chief object of search. It was also planned fe visit hitherto unexplored points in the southern end of the peninsula
Mention of a ad makers of the early Florida trails may be of
interest: eee aborigines; Seminole Indians; adventurers, as de d de Leon; buccaneers, as Black Caesar and Gilbert; esate refugees, as Dickenson and ene naturalists, as the Bartrams a B be land im-
e€ bull and Per: as Canova and Taylor. Their activities have added greatly ti
Four di eo historic trails served us in escape the Ma! fi eld WoO! rk:
First, the old trail along the eastern coast, from Saint Augustine southward. Parts of this, or what they developed into, date ea several centuries. Of late this ae has been transformed
nto the southern part of the Dixie Highw:
Second, the trail hae ee the surveyors i ot re aa generations, in open p the territory between mi and
able. Wit hin ie ae t few years this i fee trans- formed into the Ingraham Highway
Third, the Fort Bassenger trail, which dates from the Seminole War times. The part in Hungry ie is being improved, that in the Allapattah Flats is in about the same condition it was-a century ago. It connected the ale coast i the vicinity of Jupiter with the Okeechobee region and lower Kissimmee River region, terminating at Fort Bassenger, which was situated on the Kissimmee River about Hales miles, in a straight line from the northern end of Lake Okeechobee
Fourth, the so-called inside course on the Fionda Reef between points on the lower eastern coast and ee West. The use of this course dates back many years. A history of the craft and
e
personage that traversed it for gen tee before the power-
oat was invented would make interesting reading t trails referred to above, it has been improved in recent vears, chiefly by dredging and staking nels,
chan t the train at Dayton na and cee down the eastern iami
Daytona is situated in the remains of a once great hammock. The two most prominent trees vail standing in the streets and
$92 ALVIg Nadav‘) ‘IVDINVLOG NYO4 MAN FHL 40 IwNANO[
197
lots of the town are the as oak cea virginiana) and the cabbage-tree _Gabal Palmetto). ong the more abundant
ovoid cones which consequently, are rather longer than thick
About ten miles south of Daytona we came upon one of ae objects of our excursion, namely, a small wild-pepper plant— far as known at that time the only endemic wild-pepper plant . the gel United States.
This plant is a winter oe eee was at the height of its flowering season. It was the most conspicuous herbaceous plant on the floor of the fammoce: covering the shell-middens . acres. How much more widely it is scattered in that part
the State remains to be learned. This species, like its closest eae - Florida, i is now mw down in only Eeitee lo calities—in all cases on th on shell- mounds at the mouth of the Saint eee River, where the species was ances pe tacentury ago, and on apparent he mout
words, it has been found at two localities near the coast and at one in the interior
1 Peperomia cumulicola Am. Jou Sci. 5: 287. 1822. Pied sine eset FL S. U.S. ey a 1884. Not Hook. &
Heh
eSCE! ie blades of those of the flowering stems and bran en ee oval, or = orbicular, x veined: spikes about I mm. in fe ameter, mostly 2-1 38 cm. lon about 0.5 mm. in diam dged bs 1s
rT
ell- mounds and entrances to caverns, eastern Florida and northern part of as It flowers profusely in December
198
Here, south of Daytona, often growing wi ith the Peperomia, was é Pp
pale, usually white, petals. The corolla always lies horizontally or flat on the masses of green foliage. The calyx is usually ark greenish-purple. Living specimens collected there were fon to the Garden and they have since served as a ground-
oO. an elevation on one of the shell-mounds we were confronted gat a small grove of the Indian-cherry (Rhamnus caroliniana).
ide place it in our list for further exploration at the a. possible opportunity, for several dozen shrubs and trees typical of a regions were found in the various hammocks ae fe One of ce ow ia au e island is worth mention- re. It golden-rod a
On Merritt’s Island and the neighboring mainland shore are the southern outcrops of coquina. This rock, however, seems
199
to have little effect on the vegetation, even though it occurs in sufficient eesiive to afford a building stone, and is used quite extensively as su
As we ae soutiwaed: the more notable shell-middens were left behind, an d the flora became noticeably different.
geologic for s, course excepting active dunes. Their me covering Sry ney during ne process ae hud by the aborigines or later.
The composite family furnished aia siacoue niga of species noted in flower. On the dry “‘scrub"’ the t conspicuous plant was a tall golden-aster (Cisse S75) while ie swamps and
fe) Eau Gallie was a scrub-oak of uncertain relationship.
Ww. t ver, not plentiful there. The only other plant much in evidence was a sprawling form of the West-Indian prickly-pear (Opuntia Dillenii) gi bore notably short fruits.
wn the peninsula, two odd ae inhabitants os
the “scrub,” Seen nd became progress: oth hem primarily winter bloomers The one, a knotweed (Thysanella robusta), a low, rigid, s t herb with much-branched panicles bearing myriads of small flowers which heretofore we had found with only white flowers. This season, wever, much of the bloo: was uw associate of th tweed was a shrub-like mint (Conradina),
d d this was as graceful as the knotweed was stiff. It is irregu-
200
a branched and bears large, nodding flowers with peculiarly ink corollas mottled with magenta and of a very irregular es attern. The grassy prairies and low pinewoods between the Sebastian River and the ‘‘scrub” were copiously adorned with hundreds and thousands of purple ae the peculiarly purple in- florescence of a relative of the southern hound’s-tongue or vanilla-plant which is closely ene to the blazing-star. Its Senne name is an anagram of the word Liaéris, one of the
vanilla, which is derived from the cured, unripe capsules of the climbing orchid, Vanilla planifolia.
This r feslon: and its vegetation was quite fully described in a former paper.' So suffice it to say here that the three most ae sataeres a fund were a very small sedge (Eleocharis) in
ich the a remained attached to the spike-rachis after ae had fallen away; a species of aiae. (Lespedeza) a most h .
orchid, Habenella Garberi, growing in the open sandy pine woods, stead of in the hammock, wher i r old sand- was the dog-fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium ). It stood out in i its
es). It of the ast between its deep-green and the
were buried under such a tangled mass of the parasitic vine that they were not only killed, but ale invisible, the skeleton of
1 Journal of the New York B ical Jen 20 1919.
'o fe
201
the shrub merely serving as a trellis for the vine which of course must soon also succumb for lack of nourishment. laces at West Palm Beach we found a mallow (Sida
armed w: in continental and insular tropical America oe was discovered wild —natnralized— in Florida about two years ago.
The prairie-marshes along the way exhibited ne plants that . aes inflorescences above the turf of grasses ca sedges. The the purple Trilisa, apa referred to, ellow ey loi. and the tall arrow-head, Sagitiaria een
Midway between Palm Beach and Miami there occurred the
being larger, and, further, it has more co ase of the tem is pink, th dle part white the upper part, the upper leaves, and the floral parts, are cream-colore e afternoon of the day of our arrival i iami region s spent in the cactus garden of Mr. Charles Deering. All the pl. under Itivation, except some of rom western America d an deserts, were growing ee and the pera ] ae ian were flourishing. One nter.
g Ҥ a g
of t ost i ing c orthy of record is that of ay giant-cactus (Gna a bts plants of this spec the deserts of Arizona and set out in ie garden last June.
By the first part of December they had trebled in size. If this sh continues to thrive, as it has every appearance of doing, i of the most conspicuous and interesting of nee cultivated plants of eittens Florida.
The following forenoon was devoted to the vicinity of Cutler,
)s - i, e., anaes en masse, several months old.1. This palm
¢
ie Soar at Little a aes for twenty odd years. Several isolated plants have bee! eee owing on the reservation of Charles Deering at Buena Vista os several year:
202
has the reputation of being difficult to transplant. However, although many of the main trunks of the individual plants seemed
own. birds came and went on schedule time. The course of this daily migration is mainly - and a ae sloughs forming the head- waters of Taylor Rive day was spent in as Everglades between Royal Palm Ham- mock and West Lake, twenty-odd miles to the southwest of the
hammock, or on the borderlands of the Cape Sable region. A few miles southwest of the hammock are two very interest- i he is botanical. It is the no mm in land it of distribution of the saw-cabb alm (Paurotis Wrightit), already referred to. The outposts are scattered, com prising isolated colonies and colonies in Everglade hammocks t uth, however, the palm is often the striking feature in the dscape. he si phenomenon is geological. It
geological times more extensive or more limited than it is at the present time? We know that great changes have taken place in the pla covering of the State. There is plenty of direct evidence ce he white man has wrought destruction in the last few genera-
203
tions. We know that the Seminole Indian did his part in chang- ing the vegetation through his mode of life oe methods of We are i
the flora. If we do not have documentary evidence in the case
n mounds. question that arises, is what hand had nature in changing the flora? Has the land been elevated or depressed in i ?
e lorida is well supplied with evidence of geologic seas S, both superterranean and subterranean. Some of the rivers of
tured in the eastern rim of the peninsula. These would indicate that the land—at least on the eastern side—was formerly more
Now let us consider certain more recent and, as it seems to us, more interesting evidence.
During the last week of December 1917, I received the fol- lowing aca from Charles A. Mosier, custodian of Royal Palm State
“Dredge on ere is about four and a half or five miles from
the park, making slow progress. It will be two years or more
before it will reach Cape Sable. The dredge threw up some n they were working las 0 f the
engineers called it petrified cypress trees, but it looks more like
stalactites. Some th ses must weigh a ton or more
m anxio down wish to show them to
e dredge referred to was one working on the extension of the a ore Highway which is planned to connect Miami with Cape ie of Royal Palm Hamock the oolitic limestone in
arl of t
most places lies a few inches b th the m airie The able, at its minimum, is ne a few inches b
neath the surface of the limeston making roads in that part of the Everglades, a dredge excav. ae the front,
rock in according to the size of the road and depth of water desired. The shattered rock is thrown up on one side and a substantial
204
road-bed and a navigable canal i from the one operation.
In the case of the above-quoted incident, a difference in the rock was noticeable in drilling ee to blasting. The baqui i
blast shattered the top of a su ous cavern! Stalactites varying from the diameter of x to over four feet were thrown o Unfortunately, but naturally, there were n - fect stalactites, as the shock of the dynamite had broken them into irregular sections. dipper of the dredge, terminating a boom nearly thirty feet long, was let down in e cavel d sw! ar I di s without encountering any ob-
could only have been formed in a cavern in which the floor, or at least the upper portion of the cavern, was elevated above the water ta es
This is only one evidence of various hidden phenomena and ehcaes in Florida—things submarine and things sub-
e are ne aaa = believe that southern peninsular Florida was at no very remote date, geologically speaking, much more elevated than ‘it now is, perhaps as much as fifty feet, possibly
vegetation of soutien Floride was at that time will remain a mystery forever. All this brings up another question: Is the Florida peninsula
The canal and road-bed of the new highway beyond Royal Palm Hammock are making accessible a region hitherto un- visited by naturalists.
The end of the canal at the time of our visit (December 1919) was in an arm of West La = es is a body of wa oe: uncertain
Da onroe County
of Florida. Much of that region will be readily accessible with-
205
in a short time and it will doubtless yield many interesting plants, as well as develop unusual problems. In former times that ‘re ens was one of favorite hunting
e
grounds of the Seminole India: It was a closed country to
the white man, except t ce more i relearn aa nt
6 le ere in search of plume-birds ne s meet an Indian in the m
oes not in the States outside of Florida. Am other noteworthy finds were one of our rarer epiphytic ane (Oncidium sphace- latum), growing in more luxuriant masses than we have seen it
bert Lake, where we found it several eed aoe and where it sometimes occurred ten or twelve feet up in the mangroves.
ac e peni a to Fort Myers. Our co s the same s that described in a former paper. In , it was northward along the eastern coast to iter, thence northwest pale
er, Hungry Land and the Alapattah Flats and the shore of L Okeechobee to Okeechobee City.
the way we stopped long enough a visit ee tae! ee
covered Indian-pipe, and a further search in the nity of o first discovery brought to light a eae grow ule of cae ois ing plant in all stages of development, from mere buds pushing
some hae of ‘“scrub,”’ pineland, and streams bordered with Land i
shal low ponds. Many of the ponds were inhabited by scraggy cy- press trees which, however, were less stunted than those occur-
206
ring southwest of Royal Palm Hammock referred to in previous papers.? In Cate Land the most conspicuous plant, as was the case on the prairies back of Sebastian, seventy-odd miles further t
not winter in a technical sense, it was really the mid-winter of that regio:
wever, many plants were in evidence, although not ubiq- a as they would be in the spring. Among others was a closely prostrate kind of Houstonia, perhaps new to science. It bears small, roundish leaves and small, slender trumpet-
About the cypress ponds were a tall pipewort with large,
stalk, also a bright-yellow flaveria, small oo ost elegant of all the southern asters, ee liniana, clambered up into the cypress trees, and bor serie
of large showy heads of yellow and purple flowers.
On the edges of the ponds one may find more or less hammock growth, composed chiefly of swamp-bay (Tamala), Saint John’s wort (Hypericum), gallberry (Ilex), queen’s-root oe and wax-berry (Cerothamnus), all of which w in flow while in the ponds, the water-lily (Castalia) an ae mie
ish
plumose kinds of dog-fennel were in flower, the one, Eupatorium capillifolium, tall and coarse in the drier places, the Tr i is
The mixture of rich soil and sand thrown up from the slough by the dredge along the ue Lucie Canal supported a luxuriant — 2 herbs and vines. Asters as high as one’s head and a al (uptrim “apiifolinn) twelve feet tall attested the ae lit the
° The ees Flea on os northern side of the Hungry Land
1 Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 21: 53. 1920; 22: ee 1921,
? Journal of The New York Botanical Garden 22: 30. 1921
207
Slough were — flowerless. After passing some temporary Indian camps in the hammock near the canal we again cam into the ae cee the two plants that were most visible in the failing light of the evening were the bleached skele- tons of a composite (Carphephorus), which is related to the
blazing-star (Lacinaria), and a wire-gr. (Anistida simplici- flora), which grew in ne colonies and was cannenets in evi- dence on account of the persistent and t ngled masses of th long a f the inflorescence, ich terminat s s
on account of be aa filling up of the lake basin by the sum-
and fall The nee, morning brought us the information that prairies between the Kissimmee River and the C ae ere floode ch a depth t detour of approximatel
face water west of Lake Okeechobee than at any time in the past six years.
Consequently the expedition to the Fort Myers region was canceled. However, it was not the detour that decided us against eee ut our plans, as distance means but little nowadays in Florida; but the abnormally high water made the
ture when time is available and meteoric conditions are more favorable.
Asan sterntys we went to Fort ie glad which is eet gees of Okeechobee City, by trail twenty-odd miles dis- ant. The fort was located about a mile Rei a half ae - the 3 crossing of the Kissimm
The present owner of the site een the old fort stood, a son
208
of a soldier in the army during the Seminole Wars, who re- mained in that part of Florida, told us that when he settled i
ale ee that unfortunate pe of our domestic history. The padi stream now usually bears the name a Taylor’s vines
and i r the present site of Okeechobee City, which n: supelants ie of Tantie, the name of the canlice sees: ther:
Back from the western bank of the river there is a sand ridge and aswamp. The ridge is covered with a scrubby growth of
Pp wa (Magnolia virginiana). The trees were so tall t from a tance the swamp had the appearance of a aera ee much higher than the nee ee it is gy muc! sila n
bay Sage oo those of = loblolly. bay camelia-like. There is often t, also, a holly (Ilex Cassine) with rich green leaves ae bri A red pores
ged. The ood-plain was, however, not deserted. The ite that are
209
accustomed to grazing on the turf that covers it in periods of
dryer weather were now standin a in ne water ig on the
water-plants which form ed g t floa a — e
the eastern side of the Kissimmee we headed tor Ge City. After traversing several miles of pineland in which there was little to attract the attention at that time
» a lag oO i=] ee ° = 4 oO g
Uv & ie} = + fa oD 5 2 a. oO a io} 3
e a e wax- ttle, was a ee leaved holly, which andoubiedly represents a oe ies not hitherto recognized.
Several low parts of the prairie, each many acres in extent, were covered with a pale grass with stems about a yard high and so closely set that the effect of a low-hanging mist was pro-
uce
The pomellest nOwenne pine on the ae praine was a member of wi eee (mi meaning half a flower), referring to the v -_ irregular and o
sand. It was in full fl are scarcely visible without the aid oF a bends lens In stron
plants often growing side by side. The flag, with Teves a
lue on account of the myriads of large blue flowers which are borne on stems three to four feet tall.
Four different plants of the sunflower aes were in evidence They represented rather closely associated era: Two were fleabanes (Erigeron quercifolius and E. ao eThe third was
210
an aster (Aster Simmondsti), and the fourth a boltonia (Bol- tonia diffusa). The aster and the poe resembled each other 80 peel in habit that it was not until the involucres and the fruits were examined that their a eee a were evident.
ae hs eg erin were not ees ee herbaceous plants, flow of the conspicuous was a tall, eae pane (Solidago Re eine a grea in elon- gate inflorescence. It ranges from the seacoast to the interior. Another was a slender a ror ata (Chondrophora ae ta) _ a flat-topped inflorescence. In ition to these there was a large-headed composite (Helianthella grandiflora) resem- eee a sunflower.
The ee plants then in flower were an orchid relative—Burmannia biflora—with short, hair-like, minutely eae stems ete terminated with a pair of colored but very
mall flowers of peculiar structure, and a low-creeping spike-
out pes the nee for
flo he bore spikes of ae flowers six to ten inches lon ext stop was six miles further eastward in ce hammock
J >
tresses mentioned above grew here in great luxuriance and also another terrestrial orchid (Habenella Carbe ert).
After a drive of six more miles we stopped to investigate a small low prairie where numerous but almost uniformly small- togethe:
ing a close turf. Many families from the grasses to the sun- flowers were represented. Several interesting and critical spe-
2if
cies of nut-rush nein and of beak-rush (Rynchospora) were ea ae abun t three kinds eo bladderworts were there, but one, a
Beckit and I. laciniatum,—both, however, much smaller ae than the Ibidium cernuum mentioned above.
n a prairies the pond-cypress (Taxodium Ss replaces the ee ae (Taxodium distichum). everal ie we learned from observation that the twigs role!
Y where both species are hardy, although a oa consider- ably north of their natural geographic lim After a series ol prairies were cr sian we came to the pine- lands and then to the “scrub” on some of the dunes of which ort Pierce is oe be aia at Fort Pierce we reached Miami in the ev
ne met with _ separa and have ani impo ortant bearing
udie will un h ne a fies a The Deering Snapper Creek hammock! was once one of the
? This hammock has rece! es become the property of Mr. Charles Deering k tler,
and is being kept in its natural condition, The Deering hammoc at Cut
the monarch m nae of the Everglades Keys, referred to on b. alee page, is also being maintained by Mr. Deering in its natural state P Key, one of the uni — of the reef, is also maintained in
state - nature by Mr. Dee
212
Meccas of the Miami region, and is just as beautiful as formerly,
so far as its vegetation is concerned. Furthermore, it con- tains the lar — st ce tree yet observed. The trunk-diamete- is about twenty-seven inches. There in the vicinity of this tree the hie tropical filmy-fern (Trichomanes punctata) was found in the continental United States nearly twenty years ago.
efore the drainage fever became epidemic and rampant among the inhabitants of southern Florida, this hammock had charms in addition to i
art Oo} which, at least, emerged in a boiling spring. Both streams were part of the natural drainage of the Everglades. Nowa dra
ditch has lowered the water table beneath the bed of the stream,
ream. Th hee vicinity of dee spring ae once occurred the
st largest wild or semi-wild avocado trees (Persea Persea) and mi L ida
generations. It is remarkable how conscientious! formly in pioneers wrought this eae seeing 5 jus
“» 5 T
1 This hammock i is being mainta ined i in its age oe by Mr. \
Ir. $ part of the fast disappearing Brickell hammock from devastation
213
as : it were one of the federal requirements for getting title to the land.
a hammock of the Everglade Keys has one or more pecul- iar features in its vegetation. In the Matheson hammock
there of a vi culiar fern, a spleenwort (Asplenium serratum), with large simple leaves one to three feet lo ock represents the center of development of the fern. isis is a more copious growth of it here than in all tl rglade Keys togethe
othe of the Everglade put and this incality ae represents the first place where the fern was discovered this side of the Gulf Stream, nearly half a century ago. Fourteen miles of the barrier beach north of Miami were
with those of the Bahamian flora an r examining
pears (Opunt There are numerous individually interesting kinds of flowering plants on the dunes b h
Bay Biscayne comprising both rare and mic species. The
two most evident areas of plant associations were the wind- swept dunes on the ocean side and the mangrove hammock on the bay side. On the one hand the land was high and the shrubs and trees low, and on the other, land was low and the trees high. The most striking growth there is the mangrove hammock along the bay and the smaller lagoons. By a combination of the an of the land and the sweeping action of the winds, the mangroves are like a giant hedge. Starting low a the inner edge of the dunes, they slope gradually upward or : ad 3
conspicuous in the foreno rubber-vin ne,
ties were transferred for three days to several of the keys of the
214
Florida oa We had the advantage of Mr. Hugh Matheson's ast r-boat ‘“Naisha’’ which Mr. Matheson navigated ee A settlement sees ee on Upper Mate- cumbe ~ was our first objec 0: pper Matecumbe ate Nala plants were not Two note
ssion e iba the flo ra of the Florida Keys, and the other,
many years ago, but not since found in the United States. recent years, however, it was discovered in the Bahamas and in Cuba. During the first evening on the key we received a report of a palm
regia). This palm was found for the first tim
where it was a discovered about the beginning of the eigh- ee ave ee of the palms we found an abundance ofa West-
ously collected in Florida only on Elli ott pean ap specimens of t sum (Koniga m
been blown from nearby gardens during storms, and which had later sprung up in this truly maritime locality.
After settling the palm question we transferred our activities to Lignum-Vitae Key, which lies in Barnes Sound inside of and between the two Matecumbe Keys
A complete history of this palm will appear in a subsequent number of Re Journal.
215
ignum-Vitae Key was inhabited many tet ago, as is evi-
denced by curious ruins, stone fences, and wells, and by exotic
trees. One of the latter, a giant tamarind pe hete indicus) e
ock, aro edge: (Jacquinia eas was in full ae and the ene filled the air with a delicious fragrance resembling that of the tropical
e Along he prairie-like areas, between = cae and ae the wild cotton trees (Gossypium), everbloo: and e fruiting, ae the dildoe a ee ey ne ae ing, together made tangled thickets. There we solved the origin of the specific name of the dildoe, owed pentagonus i. €., five-angled. Almost invariably the mature stems of this cactus are stout and three-angled or three-sided, ase the seedling plant starts with a slender, several ribbed shoot. The specimens
Qu oo Be
fou stem, even if it is an exceptional condition. An Lignum-Vitae Key, following many years of observations and
with pineapples. Others of the Florida Keys were profitable pine-apple plantations in those days, before the lower eastern
216
coast of the anaes was readily accessible. The industry was la os transferre d to the mainland on the vast stationary sand
ound. Upper Matecumbe Key is now largely planted with lime trees, n
tly a ive. e e
e occurrence of the e cactus, Cephalocereus Deeringii, on that island by the finding of a single flower on one of the large specimens. This plant was oe on Upper Matecumbe Key several years ago, but not until our visit was a flower ob- taine
One of our endemic boneset relatives pee Pelee grew plentifully on both Upper Matecumbe Key and Lignum-Vitae
i
little oe brushes. On the keys the plant is mostly only knee- a but in the Cape ee region, on the mainland, it ofte grows up to six or eight fee t was unanimously ae to devote the forenoon of our t day on the Keys to an examination of Indian Key. This historic island is on ie reef outside of the main line of keys and
opposite the interval separating Pp atecumbe and Lower t s. i ae in outline and com- prises about six acre ort-of-entry. The island
became notable ioe a eee a the subsequent sik of Henry Perrine,’ who settled there in 1838, making it both
1 Henry Perrine was born April 5, 1797, at New Brunswick, New Jerse In youth he taught a school at Rocky Hill, — J., then studied medicine at Philadelphia. After five years (1819-24) as a physician at Ripley, Illinois,
Ss : himself with great singleness of a to securing for transportation to the f economic value. This was peculiarly difficult, because the local officials were alee much oppose he export of livi
popular physician in the region ne i‘ was able to overcome the obstacles it ay. 10 return to the United State 1837, he spent six months at Washington pressing his claims for Congressional assistance is schemes for ae i — mn and propagation of tropi in the
, he recei g cayne Bay, Florida, the fee occasioned by the Seminole War,
U19.f “}ISSUT 9a ul umoys Ajareyd arou st yoga jo ainjonijs aut ae 301 esi aovyans au “uotsora jo sassao0id aud paysisos sey yey} Yoo! jo a1oo prey e syuasaidar [e}sapad aYL *98[qGe}-197eM ayy jo suolenjony yeuosvas ayy 4q Ajureur peAowal pue Pepols uvaq sey jo doy ay} Aq ‘Ajayewrxordde ‘paquasasdas ‘uojsau] 31y1]00 Jo 1aAe] WOJTUN aUIT}-aU0 BY, ‘punosZyOe UT (snunpogoskay) ‘umdeoo09 - jo ajsunt !punoigaio} ul jod-1aMoy pue [eisapad yoor jemmyenNY “JajIND ‘yoowwey Sulsaaq uy
Soz aLVIg NAGUY5 TWOINVLOG NYO MAIN AHL 40 TwNunof
217
temporary residence and a nursery, pending the end of the Sem- inole Wars, when he contemplated moving to a large grant of a Bef i
long prepared and cherished plans, he was murdered by a band of intoxicated Indians who were being oo“ southward by the advance of the white man’s civilizatio
Only three things remain on the key to ee the improve- ments of a century ago. They are the masonary foundations of the former buildings, some “commonly cultivated copie! trees, and, what is much of the sisal (A gave rigida) plans i Dr. Perrine evidently intro-
fe) toc The stone slabs once placed near the middle of the key t mark the graves of Perrine and others, intact until quite a
Several modern en ses, now deserted and not only un- protected, but paiok of their contents, ready to be con- sumed with the first fire that sweeps the island, stand on the higher part of the key.
We returned to Upper Matecumbe Key at noon. Our plan to stop on Tea-table Key, which lies near ae outer side of Upper
time ache la “Na isha” eal ing ne ae run ne eighty- odd nile: in an hours and twelve minutes.
The day following our return from the Keys was devoted to collecting oe plants in the Deering hammock at Cutler. The moister parts of this hammock yielded numerous species of ae hepatics, and m
he erosion of the Pa. in the lower parts of this ham- mock is eat from that of any of the other hammocks of the Everglade Keys. The rock is a very pure limestone, with scarcely any sand in its composition. In ordinary rainy sea- then in progress, prevented him from occupying his grant. He did settle pti ver upon tl the saccades island, Indian Key, where he was killed by August 7, 1840. ie killing him, oe Indians rned his house, destroying all hi ip is nied ale and he might h if he had not t | de the India from doing harm.—John Hendley Barnhart.
218
sons the water-table rises, cas water fills the area to a depth of two or three feet. The water is essentially stationary some- times for fee ian _ Whatever movement th is, i
oO o a 3 oe) faa
f is as Ss per alee mo of the water that causes the curious, ie fantastic, meee i? erosion. nett the max- imum duration of submergence is near the floor of the hammock, so that the water charged with the acids of teats vegetable matter and with carbon dioxide works longer oe ie on
e. uneven structure of the rock, hard and soft, re-
he rock. The floo covered with humus onal from a. paces Peet vegetable matter.
Upon returning to Miami that aos it was decided t start north along the eastern coast for o days’ excursion, particularly for further studies in cacti ee wild. -pepper ate for a rapid survey of the vegetation along the way, for photo-
graphy, and to prosecute some scout work for future ae
ations.
= traveled as far as Stuart tSpies a and ran into a “norther, Being uncomfortably cool we stopped there and helsing ourselves to some unoccup: ied rooms in the principal hotel we spent the rest of the night comfortably
Early in the morning we set out for - hamm: un along Saint Lucie Sound in order to get a photograph of a wild-pepper plant (Peperomia Meals however, ae strong gale of the
norther’’ which was against us decided us to drive on to Day- ne where we aie just before sunset
219
All the way from Fort Pierce to Daytona the effect of the chill of the ‘‘norther” could be seen on the flowers of the moon-vine.
during the night in which it oul normally o: Neral aine the fact that winter acne Leaieua generally, technically or according to the almanac w. had t 3a 1
glory, and in addition, a score of spring-flowering herbs were associated with it. The spruce- pine “(Pinus ae had come into flower during ihe two ee interval since we had passed through the same country, and iS yellow flower-cones were in prominent clusters among the leaves. A scattering of tropical shrubs was observed along the lagoons, oO b bl
= “2 a | © 3 & n ct > o 3 is ion” ce a5 ¢ _~ 3 i=] 8 8 a is Q = iy i=] jan ect =a o
€ myrsine (Rapanea). The former ae occurred as far north as Daytona. n this ride two things conspired to make one think he was £ 0:
stiff bre f th rr” , the pies plants of the tropical ae -vine (Mikania cndfoli suggested, especially when one was half numb as a f riding against the cold
wind, the ice vines of the virgin- eae (Clematis virginiana) of the North. One quite unusual sight presented itself at several places on
the old dunes which formerly had been under cultivation as pineapple fields. A fern had become a rampant weed. Ma acres of former fields had been taken possession of by the oe
220
(Pteris cee which nue there to the a ae a pea all other vegetation.
sedge. From New
land to near Melbourne, where bisa is a little hammock abou the m a - Crane Creek. Thence southward we find et of Rab ” and small hammocks ie ce hammocks at the mouth of Turke
s labar here is ‘‘scrub” ow oak hammock. Thence southwar alternating pin and “scrub” with a hammock about six al
aan
Below Grant there is some hammock, then about a mile o
“scrub” and some hammock Hear ie araee| mile post south
of Melbourne. Again, some “scrub” and then ae hammocks
about the ae = a River about eighteen miles
outh of the Sebastian River, mi
land and hammock reaches the lagoon. ‘“Scrub”’ is in evidence or predominates thence to Fort Pierce.
savaddesip suonemosse jue Sutjsasajqut ‘uononsysap Wey} YA
‘JeIW9}eUI_ Pos 40} UO UMEIP Butaq aie spunow ayy Ajayeunjyioyuy, “way. ae sey Jey} UoIeIasea ay) Jo Avoap oy} WOIy paaliap sniumy ay) pue Rien - ae ‘yeoo1eyo epee T Sqpoy: Y} WiOl} apise 193}; eUl Ajuo ay} +}los Jo ploAap pue “Y paraA0o 318 AYL 1 3235
@ WOdj azis ul AeA injp
“ePHOL AT, jo $3SB09 aut “Buoje 390 wayjo saursi0ge jo snoazapual 10 suorjeyqey ‘qt “Buljuasaadaz ‘youoo pur ‘weyo ‘103840 ‘JIA XEP|EE UO uapprur-jjays [eursiioqe jo sureway
Ajureut ‘says Jo suoneNwunssy = ‘payseay aouo ueU-pal ay) aJ04,L,
99% ALVIg NAGUVYD IVOINVLOG HYOA MAN AHL JO TYNUNO[
221
outh of Fort Pierce hammock appears again and extends along the shores of Saint Lucie Sound for a distance of about i miles. Some of this ha
Q 7 a a8 fo) fe) z y 3 | eh > o 2) o = =] a c ° 2 oO es = oO 5
of pinel. and “ pian ” with the pines—Pinus clausa an : eh ce)
dale mocks of New River give way to pinelands and these, about two miles south o e town, are bordered with wide marshes. A t about miles north of
Miami m , pinel; except along the aoe creeks, ahh ay are fordered by hammock.
The time of our visit to Florida was naturally the dullest
222
season of the year, as far as flowering plants were concerned. It was just between the end of the fall flowering season and the i ring. cour:
he flora of the Everglades is at the best limited and never Sasa showy. That of the pinelands in spring and copious and usually very brilliant. However, there is one oe locality where i. co will find many plants
in flower at any season of the It is the borderland where the pinelands and the Eve meee meet. here one is sure to find plants to interest hi , at a prairie-like area along the
ppe many pale heads, its large numbers, it stood out in strong contrast ae all the
tation
any genera were € represented by a single eat some by more than one species. Several of the more conspicuous plants fell into genera ae pairs; for example, there were na kinds of panic-grass (Panicum), two galingales (Cyperus), two spike- rushes (Eleocharis), two nut-rushes Cee. two blazing- stars (Lacinaria), two flea-banes (Erigeron), goldenrods
j ch
~ g & a ve S » cory 3 3 & i § mn a mh o 0 io © 3 ® 7) ~ 3% 4 Q
e
uch of interest has been lost from - Heterte trails of Florida. An infinite interest yet remain
Joun K. SMALL
223 THE PALM COLLECTION
During and after the recent reconstruction of the roof of the
s ly obtained i change with other gardens and partly by plants ane ig
ark Station of the Third sine Railroad. There are many noteworthy and perfect specim
The two tallest specimens are a = thery Cocos from Brazil, reaching a height of forty feet and a Corozo Palm (Acrocomia) from Porto Rico, its Pee a foot in diameter, entirely covered with black, sharp s
The most ee one aedee the large dome is a date palm, each of its ten-foot leaves ahaa nearly to the Two sturdy companions of this are a pair of Phoenix ee
palm of India, Arenga saccherifera, which is of economic im- portance there. will also be found under the big dome. Starting up the sides of this huge glass house are now many young climb-
smaller specimens, many of them rare. Here may be seen the Wax Palm from Brazil, with waxy white under-surfaces of leaves; this palm will be one of the most striking in the collec-
tion in future years. In House 13, the eastern egret dome, are two notable ne is of our American Desert Palm, Neo-IV
ern California; another of the Chinese Fan Palm, the leaves measuring five feet across. In this house also will be found the tallest ae of Porto Rico, the Plume Palm, which was brought
224
CONFERENCE NOTES FOR NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER
The November Conference of the Sree Staff and Regis- tered Students of the Garden was nee the museum building on the afternoon of November 2nd, Two ae were pias one fa r. Arthur Hollick and one by Dr. F. J. Sea who have sabe the following ab- stracts of their preenen
‘A REVIEW OF THE FossiL FLORA OF THE WEST INDIES” Dr. ARTHUR HOLLICK
Very little is known about the fossil flora of the West Indies.
mens; references to leaves and ot plants are to be found mostly in connection with descriptions of Santo Domingo and Trinidad; the algae are fro t , Anguilla, Saint
Martin Ta of
of a descriptive oe as eae ee upon iden fications of fossil lea
In the Muesum of. i New York Botanical Garden we have collections of well defined, identifiable leaves from three locali- ties in Cuba, from three in Porto Rico, from three in Trinidad, and from one in Santo Domingo. Those from Cuba, Porto Rico, and Trinidad were all collected within the past six years The collection from Santo Domingo, consisting of seven speci- mens only, Wm. M. Gabb, in 1868, and was only recently brought to light while I was engaged in a search for all available material representing the West Indian fossil flora. The Trinidad specimens were collected, in part by Dr. Britton in 1920, and in part by Gilbert Van Ingen in 1921. The
1 Berry, E. W.: tale Fossil roe pe fed Dominican Republic. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 59: 127, pl.
225
o Rico specimens were collected by Bela Hubbard in 1915, ae to the geological survey of the island under the joint m.
Leon and ee in se
ed r The geologic pee be all the Sanat is ahi Tertiary robab. e Tri
The Porto Ric cimens are ly Eocene.
dad and Santo ae ae a r to ‘e more ete probably Miocene he Cuban specimens are the most recent and may represent, at least in part, merely remains of the veg-
etation now in existence there, inne with calcareous tufa. “ PRELIMINARY NOTES ON TRINIDAD FuNGI” By Dr. F. J. SEAVER During the six weeks spent in Trinidad, six hundred and forty seven collections of fungi were obtained. In addition to these a small collection of slime moulds was made which collections were unnumbered, not knowing in what condition they would arrive. When divided up into exchange sets there will be more
than two thousand specimens. Trinidad is very rich in fungi in general, but very poor in cer-
kno
obtained, among them Peziza badia which was found bun-
dance in an oo dd pit where clay is burned to be used for
surfacing the
on the other hand, are abundant and
many of them very different from the forms which occur in the Of the Hypocreales, a number of species of Hypocrella
were collected. This genus is of interest for two reasons: In
o ‘< 3 © 3 ° S < fe) oe o Bu
226
the first place, it represents the perfect stage of the genus Aschersonia and several papers have recently been published on this phase of the question. In ext place bo ‘ypo-
and may be undescribed. Others are oe American species not ators represented in our collec large number of wood ae were es most of which been determined by Dr. W. A. Murrill. A few are ay South American, a occurring in the North and can he ee only by comparison with South American ma-
Peau attention was given to the collection of the
mad one species, four of which are new, and sever. a others rare. A : ; D
oa oO
ycolo e made, one hundred and oe of se ie already been ex- ata for an equal number of tropical rusts collected by Dr. . W. D. Holway.
Poh re nes is entirely preliminary since many of the collec- tions of ascomycetes have not yet been studied critically.
e December conference of the Scientific Staff and registered students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of December th.
rs. E. G. Britton gave an interesting discussion of her ex- fended studies of the mosses of Cuba, Haiti, and Trinidad. Numerous specimens were exhibited, particularly of the genera of pleurocarpous mosses.
Amo
ng them were included type specimens of several new
227
ee including Daltonia and Stenodictyon. Further notes the species of Rhacopilopsis from Trinidad, French Guiana a Africa were shown and it was stated — the variations were such as to scarcely be peas! distin . Britton exhibited a ferns ee aowerne plants Ca
4 e
the he can aoe which he finds consists of about fifty species of
plants. Dr. Britton made special mention of the genus Robin-
interest to the flora, which includes many species growing there
only.
Dr. Skottsberg has also visited Easter island, which lies still mea to the West, for the purpose of special study of its vege- tatio:
A. B. Stout. Secretary of the Cae
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
Greatly needed repairs were made this fall on the central dome of Conservatory Range No. 1 and were ame com- pleted just before the cold weather icles in. Afte ty years of exposure to the warm, sissies any Hf
ec S
in which the glass is set and repaint the Ae work of the entire lower dome. Much broken glass also had to be replaced. The work required the labors of some 12 or men for a period of about seven weeks
mmencement has been made this autumn in bringing eee an extensive ie of Paeonias in the Horticultural Garden on land west of the principal plantations of Iris. ote- worthy gifts of plants for this purpose have been received from
228
Mrs. Edward Harding, being roots of fifty choice, recently de- veloped varieties, which have been planted in a plot by them- si a
selves, a venty-five plants contributed by Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, planted in another rs. Harding, who is a high authority on Paeonias. Ss given u e as to
meal fertilizer required was given by The American Agricul- tural Chemical Company.
ut 500 es pupi ils of Evander Childs High School nd 7.
December 6 an r. Hastings gave a lecture on forestry, and considerable at- tention was devoted to the museum and greenhouse collections under the guidance of members of the staff
Dr. L. O. abd ae of the ee maa College, spent the latter half of December at the Garden, completing his study of Pholiota, an important genus of fle a fungi, for early publication in North American Flor.
The following visiting scientists have registered i in the library a the autumn: Mr. D
wn » =] > @ = "= rE = ® S = S N ue) a 5
.; Prof. C. C. ce. Ann ‘Arbor. Mich; "Mr. John : Arthur, Yonkers, N. Y.; Prof. W. W. Rowlee, Ithaca, N. Y.; Rev.
Mase Dr. Ralph E. Cleland, Balemiore: Md.; Dr. Edgar T .J.N. Ro ohn
da Mr. G. Hamilton eae Jr., Dr. Perley Spauldine: Mr. Maurice Ricker, Washington, D. C.; Mr. A. A. Pearson,
ieee British My eleeia aa “Mlle. Sophie cet ae
Germany, and Prof. N. T. Vavilov, Petrograd, Russia.
Bley i November: The total precipitation for the 4.60 inche:
nth w The maximum eae ratures recorded for h k were as follows: 63° on the Ist, 64° on the 7th, 70° on the 18th, and 58° on the e minimum temperatures were: 30° on the
22n 6th, 28° on the 13th, 32° on the 16th and 28° on on the 26th. Meteorology for December: The total precipitation for the
229
month was 3.19 inches, of which 0.85 inches (8 and 14 inches by h
The first ice of the autumn formed across the middle ike | in the night following the 4th pean ie the year 1921: The total precipitation for the the York
Botanical Garden was inches.
is was pee by months as follows: January, 2.39 inches (includ c now measurement): February, 3.23 (in- cluding 16 inches snow measurement); rch, 2.22; April 3.21; May, 2.62; June 3.02; July, 1.76; August, 4.73; September, 3.35; October, 0.58; November, 4.60 (including a trace of snow); December 3.19 (including 8 and 14 inches m ent)
; anu ‘he first killing frost of the autumn was on the morning of the 26th of October, when a temperature of 2934° was recorded. The latest freezing temperature of the spring was on the morning of the 12th of April, when a temperature of 30° was recorded.
ACCESSIONS
84 specimens of fossil plants from anne hed Indies. (Collected by
Dr. N. L. Britt tton n and incaags uber t van Ing Tex xas, By exchange with Professor
Albert Ruth.) 347 specimens of ferns from Haiti. (By exchange with the United States National Museum. 150 Lanier of fossil plants from Brazil. J.C. “Bra er.)
(By exchange with Professor
ph of th P (By exchange
with the United States “National annie 7 tographs of specimens of cactaceae. (Acquired from Mr. N. E. ed specimens of mosses from Haiti. (By exchange with the United States
im eee Museum. 6 specimens of Rubus, Viburnum, Tilia, and Amelanchier from the southern he.)
United States. (By exchange with Mr. W. W. As!
230
specimens of ferns Ha various localities. (By exchange with the ae is National Museum.)
S Island, New York. (Given
yy De Britton.) cimens ] eee (2 photographs). (By exchange with the United goes National Museum.)
INDEX
Abortiporus distortus 117 mee aes 99 Acacia hispidissima 90 ralehella 0 Acanthocereus peniagonus 21, 51 canthus family 96, 97 Accessions, see X. oy Botanical Gar-
Acer 27, 194 rubrum 144 natin 22.
Pi 169 Adonis amurensis 91 Agari 25 Agati 19 ane 49
gida 217 Air- plants 213 Aiton, W. 127, a Ake! ie ey, Cc. EL Alchornea gendutos 96 ie B. R.
64, 65 Alligators 168 Alling, C. L. 139
170 Alnus linge 193 Alpine flor: re me Canadian Rocky Mou ny
he EF. “vu
Alpinia 1 aa Amelanchier 26 AMEs, O. id
seum, 102 Ames, Oakes 48, 108 Amorpha
escens 59 ceolanata 199
pi Aphanocapsa Cate. 66 panera 26
Aquilegia alee Aid 170 Arabis lyrata 169
Arenga saccherifera 223 Arist implicifiora 207 Armi mellea Aroids 67 Arrabidaea cgiaha 97 Arrow-heads 33, 2 Arrow-root, Bosida 121, 132 Artemisia Stelleriana 175 hur, J. C. 226 hur, M. 2 um
met
serratum
Aisin. Fie apie 169 Aublet 1
ia. Avocado trees Azalea 27, 90, 184, 185, 187,§188, 189 nudiflora occiden: ane
Baccharis heh te 195 Bactris m
Bailey, Miss, E. Z 95 Bailey, J. W. 228 Bailey, H
Balat I
in, W. ta: 125, 126, 129, 136,
Bally-boo 1 Balsa 75, Os 77
231
232
poe ae i 37 een eee eee 201 Barbarea 26 Barnuart, J.H. Biographical notes » II, 34, 51, 12 125 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, Barnhart, Publications ‘during 1920, 78 *Barraguda”’ Barrus, M Bartra
ala of wary Kingsland 15 Berry, E.
Berserace Bee popu ‘Polia 193 Bid
Blue-curls I
luteu. Boltonia aifita 210 Bombaca: 75, 76 Bombax 7 ai putcicn 75 Bonnets 27 Bonsets 31 Borraginaceae 75 Botanical collecting in French Guiana Botanizing in British Guiana 161 Bowlegs, B. 61 Box-huckleberry 168, 170
Boynton, K. K. Pubcations duee 1920 78 Brake 2 Bravassia 97 Bray, bia 4l, oe Bri J. R. “The ce fearden shelter (pl. Brinton, ae aren ‘Guiana, Botantiing in 161 E.G. Preservation of our ce) G. 67, 93, 94, 110, 226 Publications during ye. 79 Britton Dr. Pennell’s new
studies in ceorge Valentine Nash (Pl. 261)
ioe arican Brown 110 William Harris 13
_ Fig. 1) 73 vue N Le: he 6%, 110, 177, 178,
- wee ms “durin itton an sa Millepeneke Publications
Publications dur- votes collect- "96, too, IOL, 102
99 Broiichiacese 179, 180, 183 Bromeliads 62
Broomall, J. J. 139 Brown, Miss M. S. 93 re N ae 102
Bro Ss.
Brownell, L. W. 40, 115 Buckthorn 215
Buffalo-
Button-wood 58
Cabbage palm 95, 125, I Cal sbbage- tree palm 27, 39, i 58, 197,
Cac
ponte punta 125 Calico-bush 26 Callirrhoé 118 aera 99
S90 Caleta ‘lla A ‘ampylo, ie
cans aly 40 Canavalia 180 Canby, M.1 Candi d Canna flaccida 19 Cannon-ball tree 183 Cara; uianensis 182
Getnip 170 38
Cat as a
Ge Gi ils
Cavanillesia 75, 76, 77 eager ae 77 opia
Ceiba 75, 7 Cenchrus carolinianus 49 echinatus 4
Cer other ges 169
Centropogo:
Century- ce S$ 49
Cephalo adie Deeringti 51, 216 Sede _
Reyens: Ceratiola e: S29, 2 Ceretonthes ol palmata ns
ereus
fia or ee Chancellor, J. 1 anechad cco a Chapman, A. W. values of I Chap a A. W.
233 Chapman, F.
emiflosculare 211 Ciez oases palmate 212 Cherry garden shelter 109
ina berry
Chinese Fan Palm 223 Chionodoxa Luciliae 90 Chocolate tree 67
Chrysopsis 100 Chr: suns 88
‘usiformis 72 Clearwater, A. T. 107 Cleland, R. 228
Chi
Climbing s ing neitle 180 ace
Coca 91
Coce bebe fallax 99
Coccothrinax 95 Coe.
Collectors Barney, R. L. ae Mrs. N. AL. 22, I9I 192 Britton, N. L. 22, 142, 176, 192, ae ii
Holmes, J. A. 143 Kimball, ‘Mr. 24 Kimball, W. 175 Maxon, W. R. 19: Pennell, F. W. 23, 24, 176 Pittier, H. Purpus, C. A. 119
pp, S. 17 Rost, F. C. 17 Rusby, H. pe
aver, F, J. 116, 117 Small, J. K. 22, 24h Pa 144, 175 Southwi ick, E. Be
Stevens, F. i Tharp, B. C.
Vat Ingen, G. 229 Williams, R. S. 117 Wilson, P. 24
Conti, Seminole bread 121 (PI. 258,
Conti Chatee 133 ses teka Bee 135
et Cras
ae officinalis a Mas 90
palm 223 arripioke littoralis 120 OnE ir
a8
ade, L. affodils 9 ahlia bi
cer bor: The 1921 139 ahlia ieee 143 ahliade! Pe agg 139 143
ahlia re
ainty aa is altonia
aly, C. P. 11 aly, Mari:
ennsieatia i eaipetiaes 169 141
ee
5 morphandra excelsa 101 fe
ropogon usneoides 56, 62, 197
ryptosoon 8 Onadea me fi a 4
( be eave sunflower 62 ospyros Mos sp. 33 up fang ee carthageniensis 19 ante Mrs. S. T. 139 Divan Tongiotion 94 Senge grins 35, 49 Dodder 29, 2!
cad 1 Dodecatheon ‘Media 17 cadaceae ee Dodonaea Ehrenbergit 50 Cus Dog-f 1 00, 206 Ci lepers Greenei 72 Dogw ylindrospermum catenatum 66 Donor: 94
mbopetalum ‘Alexander, J. K. 23 moxylon 27 Alling, C. L. 23, 143 perus 222 Andrews, D. M. 144 Blodgettit 214 Arnold, H. A. 23 Le Contei 62 Ashe, W. 22 ollardé 214 Barnhart, P. D. 69 anne a Barrow, Miss M. 69 Cyrille Barsett, Mrs. 144 Baber 167 Becker, H. W. 22, 143 Beekley, W. 69
Dacoma 167
Bixby, W. G. 119, 144
ell, t A. onstable, Mr. F. A. en
175 shlindel Nurseries 23, 143 ae farm 143
, D.
enslow, H. M. 118 , I9r eat ne C. D. 176
urand, H. 69 ton, Miss M. E, 22 ckert, E. 6
H. Im City Nursery Co. ie 175 ngle, J. _ & Son
. H. 144, 76 clicws: Mrs.
f 4
ey,
ryer, W. ‘e 176
arden club oe ‘Ridgewood 143 ood & Rees Co.
roachnier, “a WwW
SO ones, jy. F.
Bro. 24, 1 A. ELL
artin, lw
atheson, W. i a 23, 143, 144. cCarthy, J. 144
cCoy Nut Nurseries 144 cKinney, ‘Mrs . CLS. 24, 144
ount Dee Nurseries 68 ovilla Gardens 175 Ww.
ohr, 175
elson, J. - 70, 120
ickel, J. 6
isbett, C. t. 119
rton, W. A.
ckman, Mrs. E. 176
lympton, G. H. 1
‘omeroy & Fischer 70
‘oole, E. W. 24
resby, F. H. 24, 142 urdy, C. 68
ait, Mrs. +S. 2 ansier, H. E. 14:
app, S. 176
au, A. 19:
ockwell, Mrs. E, F. 24 olfs, P. H. 1
owlee, W. 11g
H. + 24 6s é¢
locombe, ith, GC. ons G. N. 142
He
mopli: 5
homas, Mrs, T. 22 ompson, W. B. 22, 143 illes, G.
a Cleve,
ttt tt tt a A VL st ot st 0
t, Tr 4 R. an a4 oer 143 ‘on on Vilmoreky, F. F. eatherby, C. A. we elleck, M. erry,
J
3
8 eeeeeece ana
Dorstenia contrajerva 20 Dothichloe strangulans 116 Doty, A. E. 139
Dove, E. 1
Dracaena 143
indivisa 175 ne marginalis 169 Dudley, W. R. 73
236
J. ne to grow Rhodo- ndrons Dutchman’s ees 42
, SF,
eae de
107 Ww. 115, 160, 228
Ellis, J. Ellwanger, G. i 185, 186 ae 27 Eimerus
19 Boise Ss.
fra. en 180
ibid Hine 209
vernus 20! Eriogonum Allenii 170 Erythronium 11 Erythroxylon ovatum 99
120 capillifolium oa 200, 206 leplophslom Eu srl
oa ei Childs High School pupils 22 Evening primrose 169, 170, 171 Evergreen wood-fern 169 Exchanges
al
Ames, O.
Andrews, A. Le R. 70 Anderson, J. P. 118 Ashe, W. W. 229 Ballon, W.
Barnard College 22 Barrows, Miss V. 72 Bathusa, Mr, 142 Bethel, E. 70, Il Blaine, B.
Bot. Garden, Bere: Switzerland
Botanic Garden, Brooklyn 191
Bot. Garden, Edinbur; gh, Scot- land 69
Ber. cries Glasnevin, Dublin
237
ae oo Gothenburg, Swe-
ine " Garden, Groningen, Hol- land 6 Bot. Garden, La Mortola, Italy
» 142 Pee en Lyons, France 69, I Bot. Garden, Ottawa Bot. Garden, Oxford 1. Bot. Garden, Upsala, Sweden
Bot. Garden, Zurich, Switzer- 176
Boyce, J. S. 72
Brace, L. J. K. 116 Bradner, J. 9 British museum 192 Br , Mr.
Brown, Miss a 143 Buckley H.,
Buen Aa Plant Industry 22, 69, ie ‘of Science, Manila 118, 119 ing nie 7 Bus ees Bot. canen Eng. 68 Campbell, R. Chanbenain, E : chan n, C. E
I. W. 7 Cocke T. v. “A. 8, 144, 192 Coker, Wie D.
Coker, Cc. 72, Bee Cook, 'N. M.
Cornell Univerity 118 urran, H. M. 192
Deam, 17! Delafield, J. R. 72 e-Toni, G. B. 1 Donaldson, G. 118
Dubois, L.
H. 23, 143 Earle, F. S. 116, 117, 192 Eastwood, ‘Alice 192 Evans, A. W. Fink, B. 72, c 118
Fischer,
Fitzpatrick & “Smith 71
Florida ae Life League 142
Frey, C.
Garden Chub of Ridgwood, N. J. 23
Garrett, = - che 72, 117, 191
Goel
Harper, R. A. 117 lies r A. 142 Harvard University 118, 119,
Hawks, 4 Hioram, Bro. 22, 17 g
opkins, L. S. Hough, W. 71 House, H. D.. 192 Howe, M. A. 1 Jackson, H. S. 71 Kimball, W. 142 Knapke, B. 120 Latham, R. 118, 119 Leeper, Be Ae Lilhe, D.
aie Miss A. 119 Marquand, ral 23 Mart in, G. W.
aly Mende W. 2 Millspaugh, Cc. F G2 Lrset at ee = Hh 144 11g
IIQ, 120, 191, 192 Royal Botanic Garden, London
Untermeyer, S. 144
.5S. eis Agriculture 23, 69, ‘142, 1 43, rae U.S. Nat. Mus 23, 24, o, ye 118, nee ee 142, 143, » 175, 176, 191, 192, 229, se" Wher E. T. 143 Weileert, Le R. 23, 143 J. R.
dal, G.
Fabaceae Fairchild, D. : , 19!
False-pimpernel 3:
Ferdina: pre co ae 115 Ferns 166, 169 Figworts 39 Filamentous eee algae 64 Filmy-fer
e- ink
nes 27, 222 Flora of Bermuda 111
f the West anaes A eview cape os 4.
eae family 96
Frag he a
rimeus al
Freeman, W. G. 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, IOI 177;
French Guiana, Botanical collecting
prions ibis 118
piesa oo , 117
Fur
Gabb, W. M. 225
ae 32, me Garden, A. 126, 127, 128, 129 nia 126
era 168, 175
Geophila 98 George Valentine Nash (Pi. 261) 145 oer 170 Miss es —_
Gesneriaceae 9 Ghent hybrid nen Altaclarensis 187
ardinal 187
andeu sloria Mundi
nique 187 oe 187 ai
Gladiolus bas we GLEASON, Botanizing in Brit- Yor
Gleason, H. A. 02, 108, I41, 159 Publications. pate 1920 80
Glecoma 170
Gleditsia 176
Gleichenia 166
Gli oe the siiow 90, 91
Glottidium 19
ue 195
Glover, C. < 228
Iden aster 199
Iden fod. 31, 169, 198, 210, 222 ore J ohn to 1 5 208
pes,
Brighton 151 Catawba 152 Concord 151, 152
239
Delaware 152 Diamond 152
Fox 15 Niagara 151 Suet 155
Gra:
Grass. pints 31, 56
Grassy Sprain’ reservoir, Succession of algae in 64
Gratiola 39
Graves, A. H. Hy
ae A. 5.
Gray, Asa 6, 8, . 73) 74, 130, 134
Green ed 64, 66
167
27 Smnanenenss nivea 34
Gymnopus eee 116
‘abenella Garberi 200, 210 Halberd-leaved Hibiscus 170 Hall, H. M. 87, 88 Hamamelis incarnata. 66
japonica 66
Jaollis
Harshberger, J. ®. 41, I15, 160 Harter, L. L. Hastines, G. . Succession of algae in the Grassy abevs reservoir 64 Hastings, G. T. 228 y-scented fern ne
Heath 29, 32 Hebe a7
Hedeo: 170 Hedge-hyse P39
Hedrick, UL ® 156 Helianthella nadifiora Helianthus eis “62
Hibiscus milita: High School pani, Wisi from 112 Hicoria 27, 37, ae floridana nasal me cA 38, 173, 197
la 180 Historic Trails by land and by water 193
Hired A. — Lg. 161, 164
kl 90, 91 Honeysuckle steps 113 y, W. T. 43 eed
Wi . D. 114 Howe, M. A. The “Workings” of
Long Lake 156 The _ are border 139 Howe, M. A. 87, Publications aaring 1920 80 Howell, J. 139
ow to ae Rhododendrons 184 Hubbard, B. 225 ne G. W. 131, 132, 133, I Hungry Land 56, 62 sad Hyacinths 90
as Hybrid azaleas, Ghent 187 MCUs 195 Hymenaea 182 Fhesciel river, Along the 168
elbinoien a 142, 144, 175 Kaempfer's azalea 187
Hypericum 2
one 57 Kelmia ee -
udiflorum 39 Keller, Hypocereales 225 Kelley, ia Hypocrelia on Killip, E. P. 67 Hypomyces 117 Kilp oe Van E. 89, 107 Hyptis desma 96 KIMBALL, WINIFRED, rane Hysterangium 89 of ree Wentworth Chapman I
Kingsland, Mrs. M. J. 15, ans 7138
Ibidium Beckii 2 Kitchen-midden 60
cernuum 210, 211 Kittredge, Miss E. 4
laciniatum 211 Knotweed 1 Icacorea 219 Koellia Idinael-Henri, H. 115 Kokerite pal dlex 32, 2 Koninga ie ig 214
Cassine 208 Kouroupit
KE Hees ian: 28
Wm ; 3 Vee of the famil Kregia 120 chidaceae 48 Kurume azaleas 187 Ilysanthes 39 Ilysanthes attenuata 176 Lachnea scutellata 72 I n-cherry Lachnocladium Schweinitstt 71 Indian-pipe 201, 206 Lacinaria 207 Indian-plantain 223 Lactaria atroviridis 72 Indian-shot 195 theiogala 72 Indian-tobacco 170 Ladies tresses 210 iaee 186 Lady-fern Mr. 48 Lago Interaces of grapes I5 er néaipi 182. 31, 32, 39 Landolphi
mous ee 173 Fr Lantana Camar Serica: nie se Large palm, "The ie of a 171 Iris 27, 32, 68, 144, 175, 176, 209 - Lead-plant 591 9 Isertia 181 = Isoetes flaccida 212
Ite palm 162 Ie ather-fern 2 Leather flower on
Jacaratia 75, 76, 77 Leoebipar M. C. 131 ja eae pulpit 42 Lectures 40, Jackson, S. 107, 115 aoe othe ol 4 Facquinea Eee 215 Y. Betanical Garden Jaguars 168 epuruincese 75 Japanese honeysuckle 26, 194. Leidy, J. 411 Japanese witch-hazel 66 Leiphaimos 94, 181 Jaquemontia jamatcensis 53 Le Re 225 Jasminum udifion Leonard, Jatropha urens Leontodo m 26
Horace Mcrarand Co. 40 ee virginicum 49 Jigger-tree pies I Joe-wood 215 : Leptiion ‘canadense 49 John Burrowes Memorial Association pies edez
10’ UCaE: ae Cauee 100 Johnston, Miss F. B. 140 ee 200 Johnston, T. ao arvey 17 Light-weight wood, Tropical trees Jones, F R. with Juglandaceae ie Ligustrum amurense 194
Juglans major \44 ovalifolium 194
241
il Massey, A. B. 67 Lily-thor: Matheson, H. 214 Lime trees 18 Matheson, W. J. 139 um 39) 56 Maximil ‘0 Simpsonit 3, May-apple 26 Limonium braziliense 215 Meadow-beauties 56, 61 Limoseila 70 . Meehan, T. ee Linaria canadensis 26 Meier, H. F. flor ng a 37 Melanoleca altel 71 Linum melaleu Lagu dasa 37 194 Melastomacese 180, 181 Tie ee 194 Melchers, L. E. 114 ive 32, 125, 194, 197 Melia Azaderach 27 Lloyd, F F. E. 115, 160 Melon cactus 101 Lobelia cardinalis 170 Mendes, Capt. 99 Mentha 170 Lobeliaceae 18 Merrill, E. D. 48, 67 Loblolly-bay 208 Mertensia 2 ock! , dD. cay erulius aureus Lockhartia Mesembryanthem ia Loines, Miss Say, Meteorology, see N. v Botanic Gar- Long Lake, ‘The “Workings” of 156 Lone-leaf p ine 3 Miami 55, aie fragrontissima 90 Mikanie cordial 219 Lophiola pean ae - ae 147 Tepksdasaar arundinaceum 71 Mim a pier Loss of a large palm 171 Mimosaceae aoe Lupinus diffusa 38 Mimulus 118, 120 Lyngbya 157 Mimusops Balata ror Mint 199 Macondo 77 Mint family 170 Mecyopodia semitosta 116 Mistletoe 41, 194 Madder family 53 Miyabe, K. 160 aie es Moc on ce 42 Kobus 90 Mollinedi virginiana 34, 194, 208 Monadelphus iluden 117 aidenhair fern 169 Monarda He i Maiden! pe a spleenwort 169 Monke allow Meno a alpighia untflora 201 heer femily 100 Montrichardia 97, 162 ‘alus aculeata 183 alvaceae 75 Moonflowers 210, 219 d amillaria erecta 68 Mora rol, 167 ang fe ‘era indica 212 Mora trees 98 ees 181, 182, Morus rubra 194 aa roves 162, 178, to, 213 Morning-glory 37, 2 aples a 194 Morning- ay fnily: 53 ‘arantia Arundinacea 132 Mosier, Mr. arasmius 72, 117 osier, C. i 136, 203 8, 59 Mosses 208, 226 arco island 55 Mougeoti ean, J. T. 139, 190 Mountain laurel 26 arlberry 219 Mountain mint 1 arsh-fleabanes 222 Mountain spurge gt arsh marigold 42 “Mucka-mucka 1 arsh-pinks 61 Sei Biological Expedition 172 larssonia 96 . Greenhouse lectures artin, G, H. 228 oy artin, G. W. 68, 115 oa? and summer lectures 85
Visit from um bigh school pupils 112 furans a A. 105, 140, I41, 173,
Pu solieatioiis during 1920 81 Musa Enseta 68 Muscadenia Munsoniana 38 Muscadine grape 38
Das Noia. Na: ch 2 V. 145, 147, 1 Publications during 82 Nashia Native plants, Preservation of our 40 89
Nature-stu m4 guide Naucoria 1 Needle-palm 27
Ns '€0- Washinton robusta 223
Nepeta Nerium ‘Oueonide New Rorticttual ee entrance
and_ fencing the Southern Boulevard ‘Ph. 260) 138 New York ai tanical Garden Accessio Library QI, 115, 174 Me and hebarium 69,
“Tor Plante and seeds 22, 68, 69, 175
142, Conference notes For ae Nov. and Dec. 15
For 1921 47, 87, 105, 224 Lectures Autu 140 Pp and si Meteorology for November and
mber an for the year 1921 and students during es 8 Repairs of Re I 228 New York, Wild flow
200
4 Nv
icker 7 Nidularium Karatas 180 Nintooa japonica 26, 194 ish a.
ishimura, M. 160 Nolina atopocarpa 38 Norton, J. B. S$. 228
Notes, d t 20, 48, 66, 89, 107, 113, 141, 159, 172, 190, 229
Nunezharia 223 Nut-r
Oakes Oakes, 2
- 73 », 37s 159 Obolaria virginica 118 an
Ochroma is
Oenothera cargo 169, Old Trai
k zebrin Orchidacs
175,
and new Discoveries (Pi.
Orchids 34, » 56, 67, 95, 167, 1 183
Oreodoxas I Oreodoxa ene 95 rida! fags Ort oe. 67
Cee 65
diffusa 157, 15) prolifica 157, 138
Osmia frustrata
Os: Otis,
munda as 219 228
Ouratea Guildingis 29
erholts, L. O.
Ove Oxalis tuberosa 1a a
Pachira 75 Paeonies 227,
e€arso:
£
Pediocactus eee 144
243
Pennell, F. W. 15, 17, 140, 171 Publications during 1920 83
Pennyroyal 170
alpen ee 100
Pentstem a en
6 overs 175 Peperomia 99, 205 Peperomia. cumubicola 197, 198 humilis 21
ent wild life. protection fund
oe Per Perr rrin Perrine Gant ee 134 Persea Persea 212
Phoenix reclinatus 224
A aboriaagie ae 193
Phormium 69
Phragmites oe
Phyllachora eel 117
Piaropus cra.
Pin-oak 1
Pinus Highs 29, 55, 221, 222 clausa 29, 38, 219, 221 Pols mee 38
is i 26 Piper pedaen 180 oe
Pipewort Pisonia 37, Pitcher ae 27 Pitch pine 26 Pitheclabium 37 Plec a tomasianum 65 Pluches a Plumbago — 215 Plume- iris 2 Plume Palm Payne eatin 26 ogon: Polygonella 3:
Polygonum Watsons x TI9 Polypodium incanum 180 umula vulgare 169 Polypody 63, 169 Polyporus elegans 71
Polystichum acrostichoides 169 le 218
ortulaca 199
Potamogeton 33, 170
Povah, H. be e
Poverty pin
rey Lea Sealine commision 17
Precip See Meteorology cee N. Y. Botanical Garden
Pay notes on Trinidad fungi
225 Preservation of our native plants 40 Prickly-apple 50, 205 Prickly-ash 195 Pri pop pear 29, 36, 37, 50, 51, 199, Prinuda beaded go cides 90
tee ica 90 Privets io Protection fund, Permanent wild life
ue pa aababema 118 Prunus 5 38 Psathy: na as Pseudophoenix vinifera 214 purines montana 170 Psid: Peychotria me Pteris 96 caudata 2 Pterula subui jot a 71 Publications Es! rae scholars and tudents, os . Bot. Gard. Paneer ge Bo ed _ oe 69, 120, 144, 175,
Pursle heart 1 or Purple-torches Pycnoporus cinnabariniis 118 5 31 225 Relea? pores Bakeri 72 Shoe pee 195
ee 206 ae a 9, 32, 37, 120 Catesbaei 38
Rabbit bush 88 Ramband, F. 178, 183
244
Ranunculus 26 Rapanea te Kapos ea 9: Rosenaia pias 180 Red-cedar 194, 197 Id, J. H.
Redfie!
Red gum 37
Red-mulberry 194
Red root 13
Remarks on il alg 7 supinate polypore: 5, 106
Review of the Fossil Flora of the
Biaphdepiiom “Wysioke 27 Rhexia
izophora te Rhododendron ce. 186 calendulaceum 186
185 catawbien. ie 84, 185, I catawbiense var. ee 175
186 nts var. somes 187 occidentale 18 pont 18 ae 786 Sie salir ar bi 187 Sm 185 Vasey ve 186 Rhodadencrons 40, 144, 184, 185, How oO grow 184 F onchospore 211, 222 ice grass 183 icker, M. 228 ee 211 22
osemary 29, 200
e, J. N Reskulies Se 173 RowLeg, W. W. Tropical trees with
light-weight wood 75 Rowlee, W. W. 67, 115, 228 OY, Royal pa Ims 214 Roystonea oleracea 2 Roystonea regia 21 Rubber content of N. Am. plants 87 3
Rusby, H. H. 102, 103, 108, 172 Publications during 1920 83
ve Publications Russula com pad ce Rydberg, P. is 18, 19, 20 Publications during 1920 84 Ryu, K. 115 Sabal Adans 27 maui as 95 faim ay 27, 39, 57, 197, 212
3) Sabbatia ef 61 Sabina bardadensi 197
ago family 126 aint
and-spurs {9
andzaki anton anguinaria een 26 arracenia 2
vummondit 9
atin, Mile S. 190, 228 segiaetyiiec palm 202 metto 29, ee Poa 58, 125 Mrs aa
in indler, B. choenobihlos gona vote 96
chiweinfiurth, ool on Yar Aime cubensis 100
7, 29, 39, 32, 37; 33. 55, 56, 58, 59, 199 Sea grape 99
245
Sea-lavender 215 Spatterdock 27, 206 Seaver, F. J. ey noteson Spaulding, P. 228 Trinidad une Spice-bush 26, 91 Seaver, F. J. 67, 93, aL: 96, 99 Spider-lilies 61 Publications cine 1920 84 Spiderwort 39, 198 dge 29, 56, 62, 180, 200 Spigelia anthelmia 214 Sedum ternatum 170 Spike-rush 210, 222 Selaginella 166 Spine-app! S or I Spiney palm ror ole Indians 196 Spirogyra Seni ye crassa © ritfolius flunatiis 65 Save San 27, hy 32, 55, 58 Webberi 7 Sesbania 1 Spleenwort Sesbanianeae 19 Sporobolus deaieies 49 Setchell, W. A. 67, 115 pragne, O. 156 Shad-bush 26 Spring beauty 42 i ar 17 Spring inspection of i ee build- ber: ill go, 91 ings and. collectio: Sida cordifolia 201 Sprostons 161, , Silver palm 195 Spruce pine 38, 219 Simphocampylus 18 Spurge clair, W. J. 87 Spurge family 96 Siparia quarry 94, 100 Squills 90 Sisal 217 Sq Is 173 Peaiacals C. 227 Stalactites 204 Slash pine 29 tt, Mrs. M. G. 107 Slocombe, Miss E. 139 Starry stonecrop 170 L. J. K. Along the Juniata Stenodictyon ae ‘rive ro tephens, 97 Historic trails by land and by Stew: eon ‘Brown 110 water 193 (Pl. 263-266) Srequides T. 110 Old trails and new discoveries Stige selniute cubec unto 65 (Pl. 253, 254) 25 Stillingia 20 Continued Gi 255, 256) 49 St. John’s-wort 39 Notes, 1, 3, 6, Stomois Seminole bread—the Conti juncea 30, 211 (PI. 9) 121 Story, Mrs, A. F. 139 Small, J. K. 146 Strout, A. B. Conference notes for Publi cations during 1920 84 Bae and ini 1978 15; for milax 95 1 47, 87, 105, 224 Smith, E. F. 73 Studies of grapes in cooperation Smooth-alder 193 with ii state experiment Sneeze-weed 27 stati t Geneva, N. Y. (PI. Solanaceae 20 26a) Solanum 100 Stout, A. B. 15, 20, nid 139, 141 torvum 180 Publications diane 920 85 Solenopora 8 treeter, Miss S. 115 Solidago 31, 2 tviguia complanata 119 anguanelis 210 anaes ae . T. G. 113, 139, gut eylts: Boottti ie iaerapale eral 94 Soluens 19 ugar palm ane 134 nflower 194 wamp-bay 266 rene elegans 100 weet alyssum 214 Spanish moss 197 oe 2s 34, 194, 208 Share anium 94 eet-gum Spartina 195 kathy a polypore 173 Bakeri ‘yndesmon thaliciroides 26
Tabebuia sre 101 Tumion ee 6
Talinum 12 Tukey, H. 156
Tamala boa T Palette 38
Tamarind 215 urk’s cap cactus 101 Tamarindus indicus 215 Turnbull 196
Taming of the wild blueberry 42 Two-trunk cabbage palm 183
Tar-flower 5 Tyromyces chioneus 117
Ta: ics reese ooaeiai 27, 211 Typha 193
ale, N. 146 Ulmus 27
Terra Ceia Island 28, 36, 37 Uncaria
Teucnon 170 Utricularia 27
Thalia geniculata 181 Urich, F. W. 93, 96
Thea japonica alba 68
The Cactaceae 20 Vaccinium aks Na 144
The rg21 dahlia border 139 age bats 1
Theobroma Cacoa 67 Vanilla Harti iselton— i 6 inodora 10
Thistles 31, - planifolia 200
Thomas, H. 107, 115 Vanilla-plant_200
Thunbergia ene 199 an Ingen, G, 224 hy 31 Vaughan, T. W. 87
Thymeleaceae 96 Vavilov, N. 160, 228
Thysanella 38 Vernonia 97
usta 199 Veronica 15, 118, 120 i ed ‘eronicast 7 ili e Veronic Tillandsia 21 Viburnums 27 bracteata 62 Vincent, Jr., R & Sons 139 recurvata 62 Viola 27 utriculata 62 Violets 27, 42
Tithymal 74 Viorna crispa 34
Tithymalus Esula 74 ovata i io)
Titi 38 Virgin-bo 19
Toad-flax 26, 37 Nirina-comslip 27
Tonka bean 200 Visit from high school pupils 112
Toothache-tree 195 Vitis 144
7 cre John 6, A 73, 131, 134 labrusca 152 orreya taxifolia vinifera 152, 153, 155 pear foridana 198 Voyria 181 adescantia ragia volubibs 180 Mis aerd Miss E. M. 91, 114
Trailing arbutus 42 Walcott, C. D. 88 ameles suaveolens 173 Wallab: o ree-cactus §0, 53, 216 Ward,
Tree-orchid 61, 213 Water-hyacinth 195 vichomanes punctaia 212 Water-lily 27, 206 richostema 170 iat willow 170 rifol se al aa ali 170 Watson, E. E. Publications during rilisa 2 oe 85
odoratissina 200 Watts, F. 98 eae 200, 206 ‘ax-berry 206 Trillum 4 Wax-myrtle 31 Trinidad fink Preliminary notes on Wax palm 223 22. Webber, H. J. 123, 124,
Trinidad, Further botanical studies Welch, D. S. 160 in 93 Wellington, R. 15
Teo 97 Wercklea 75, 76
Tulips 9 West Indian lilac 99
Tulip-trees 172, 194 West Indian pink-root 214
247
Woodsia obtusa 169
Wheeler, C. T. Wherry, E. T. ne 228 Workings of Long Lake 156 Whetzel, H. H. 107 Wynnea americana 72 White-birch 193 White Poui - olisma 32 White-root_ 1 Speciosa 29 Wieland, G4 Xyris 61 Wild Flowers - New York 12 Wild-lime 37 Pade Abie ee 61 Wild one 170 ca filam a 38 Wild-pepper 197, 205, 218 Wild ae 179 Zamia 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 135, Wild s 125 136, 137, 142 wit strawberries 27 anguslifoa 123 Wi » R.S._ Birds in the floridana 3, 122, 123, 124, 130, anical Garden 103 I Publisation during 1920 85 integrifolia 122, 123, 124, 129, Wilson, P. 130, 133, 135, 136, 137 Publications during 1920 85 media 1 Winter-cress 2! pumila SS 123, 125, 126, §35 Wire-grass 207 ‘brosa 136, 137 Wisteria 28 Zanthoxylum 37 Witch-hazel wa-Herculis 195 en ’s auxilia Zorn hickory 119 foman’s municipal ese 107 Zygnema 65
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe, Murry Guggenheim, Prot. Henry F. Osborn, _ Fritz Achelis, J. Horace Harding, Chas. Lathrop Pack, Edward D. Adams, J. Montgomery Hare, Henry Phipps, Charles B. Alexander, Edward S. Harkness, F. R. Pierson, Vincent Astor, Prof. R. A. Harper, ap R. re John W. Auchincloss, : Amory Haskell, Ira A. Plac George fe oh T. A. Havemeyer, Hon. eee S. Prall, Stephen A. Heckscher, Charles F. Rand, Henry i a ae Bernhard Hoffm: Ogden Mills Reid, Edmund L. Baylie Archer M. Radeon Edwin A. Richard, Prof. Charles P. Berkey, Adrian Iselin, Prof. H. M. Richards, Eugene P. Bicknell, Dr. Walter B. James, John D. Rockefeller, C. K. G. Billings, Walter B. Jennings, William Rockefeller, George 2 asa Otto H. Kahn, W. Emlen ene George S. Bre Prof. James F. Kemp, Prof. H Rusby, Prof. N. L. ane Darwin P. Kingsley, Dr. naj H. Sayre, Prof. Edw. S. Bee Edw. V. Z. Lane, Mortimer L. Schiff,
“i ee, M. Butler, Dr. Albert R. Ledoux, Albert R. Shattuck, W.H. Carpenter, Prof. Frederic S. Lee, Henry A. Siebrecht,
a4 C. F. Chandler, Adolph Lewisohn, William Sloane, Hon. W. A. Clark, Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Valentine P. Snyder, C. A. Coffin, V. Everit Macy, James Speyer, Marin Le Brun Cooper, ead L. Marston, Frederick Strauss, Paul D. Cravath, W. J. Matheson, F. K. Sturgis, . Deng George McAneny, B. B. Thayer, Rev. H. M. Denslow, Emerson McMillin, Charles G. Thompson, . ee H. Dodge, . Dr. Walter Mendelson, |W. Boyce Thompson Samuel W. Fairchild, John L. eet Dr. W. Gilman (sacar Saat if z Field, Ogden Mill Louis C. Tiffany, Jame Hon Odes it Mills, Felix M. Warburg, Ha “7 an ick J. Pierpont Morgan, Paul M. Warburg, aaa W. de Forest, Dr. Lewis R. Morris, Allen Wardwell, rof. . Gi Frederic R. Newbold, H. H. Westinghouse, a feinveniheim, C. D. Norton, Bronson Winthrop, Eben E. Olcott, Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. ae ag Mrs. Delancey Kane Mrs. George D. Pratt, Mrs. Robert Mrs " Hamilton F. Mesa Mrs. Harold TePratt, Miss “ei Billiags, Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel, Mrs. James Roosevelt, Mrs. N. L. Britton, Mrs. A. A. Low, Mrs. Benson B. Sloan, _ Mrs. Charles D. Dickey, Mrs. V. Everit Macy, Mrs. Theron G. Strong, Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn, Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. Henry O. Taylor, Mrs. Robert C. Hill, Mrs. George W. Perkins, Mrs. W. G. Thompson, Mrs. Walter Jennings, Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members the Women’s Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Jas. A.Scrymser, Mrs. F. K. Sturgis, Mrs, John I. Kane Miss ais E. P.Stokes, Mrs. F. F. Thompson.
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Provisions for Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members, Sustaining Members, Annual Members and Life Members
1. Benefactors The contribution of $25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden. 2. Patrons The contribution of $5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden a gift or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden 3. Fellows for Life he contribution of $1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the eee to be a fellow for life of the Garden. 4, Fellowship Members Fellowship members pay $100.00 or. more annually and become fellows for life when their payments aggregate $1000.00. 5. Sustaining Members Sustaining members pay from $25.00 to $100.00 annually and become ellows for life when their an aggregate $1000.00. 6. Annual ae sma Annual members pay an annual fee of $10. All members are entitled to the ieee ieee 1. Tickets to all lectures given under the eds of the Board of Managers.
2 = hnenstg to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of Mana:
ager 3. A copy e all handbooks published Fike sae Garden. 4. A copy of all annual reports ae Bul Jou 6. Privileges of the Board ae
7. Life Members Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of $250.00, Information mbers are invited to ask any questions they desire to we pela on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany ai mbers through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving rhea Building at 3 o'clock. Form of Bequest I hereby bd h to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of
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