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BULLETIN

OF

The New York Botanical Garden

VOLUME VI.

WITH Io PLATES

1908-1910

PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN

Art 41 NorTH QugEn STREET, LANCASTER, Pa.
vy Tuz New Era Printinc Company.

BuLLeEtTin
OF

Tur New York BoranicaAL GARDEN

VOLUME VI, I1908-IQIO

FFICERS, 1910
Presipent—-HON, ADDISON BROWN
DREW CARNEGIE,
RLES F. CO

oe on N. L. BRIT sare

BOARD OF MANAGERS.
1. ELECTED MANAGERS.
Term expires January, 1911.
ADDISON BROWN, ROBERT W. ve FOREST,
W. BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER.
Term expires January, 1912.
N. L. BRITTON, N I. KANE,
ANDREW CARNEGIE, W. GILMAN THOMPSON.
Term expires January, 1913
J. PIERPONT pas. GEORGE W. "PERKINS,
RANCIS LYNDE STETSON.
2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS.
THe PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PusBLic Parxs,
. CHARLES B. STOVER.

P
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF TAMES F. KEMP,
OF. C. F. CHANDLER, ROF, FREDERIC S. LEE,
CHARLES F, COX, on E. L. WINTHROP, Jr.
GARDEN STAFF.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, eet Chief.

DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director,
DR. JOHN ee SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums,
, Curator,

. P. A. RYD
DR. peers A. E,
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Curator.
ROBERT ee Rtroeie pie rative ae
ps

Curator.

TAY LOR, tstant Cur
oa ee Gar rides
FRED - SEAVER, Director of the Laboratories.
. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Librarian,
e Economic Collections:
h

JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer.
La Ss. Specmneene Clerk and Accountant,
ART ae ae TT, Museum one

eo Docen

Members of the Corporation.

Epwarp D. ApaMs, Proy. Freperic 5S. Lez,
Joun D. ArcHuzoLp, Hon. SzetH Low,
Gerorce F, Baker, Davip Lypic,

Eucene P, BickNeELL, Encar L. Marston,
Georce S. Bowporn, W. J. MaTHEsoN,

Pror. N, L. Britton, Ocpen MILLs,

Hon. Apptson Brown, J. Pizrpont MorGan,
Dr. Nicnotas M. But er, TueEoporE W. Myers,
ANDREW CARNEGIE, Frepertc R. NEWBOLD,
Pror. C. F. CHANDLER, Pror, Henry F. Ossorn,
Witiiam G, CHoarte, LoweLL M. PALMER,
Cuarces F, Cox, Grorce W. PERKINS,
Paut D. CravatTH, James R. PiTcHEr,
Joun J. Crooxe, M. F. Prant,

W. Bayarp CurTTINe, Joun D. RocKEFELLER,
CievELAND H. Doncg, WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER,
A. F. Estaproox, E. V. W. Rossiter,

H. C. FAaNestocx, Pror. H. H. Russy,
SaMuEL W. Farrcui_p, MortiMer L. Scuirr,
James B, Forp, James A, ScCRYMSER,
Henry W. pve Forest, Henry A, SIEBRECHT,
Rosert W. bE Forest, Wityiam D, SLoang,
Hon. THomas F. Girroy, NeLson SMITH,
Epwarp S. HarkNEss, James SPEYER,

Henry R. Hoyt, Francis L. STETSON,
Tuos. H. Huszarp, CHarLes G. THOMPSON,
Apgran Isexin, Jr., Dr. W. GitMan TuHompson,
Water B, JENNINGS, SAMUEL THORNE,

Joun I. Kang, Mytes TIerney,
EuGene KELLY, Jr., Louis C. Tirrany,
Pror. JaMes F, Kemp, Grorce W. VANDERBILT,

Epw. V. Z. Lang, Hon. Ecrerron L, WintHRop, Jr.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO.19. FEBRUARY 24, 1808

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND Direcror-in-CHIEF FOR
THE YEAR 190
Report of the First Acsieiant
Report of the Head Gardener
Report of the Head Curator of the IMcacumne aa Hee
barium
Report of the Dreher of the Taboones
Report of the Librarian
Report of the Honorary Curator a ihe Reoupune Col-
lections .
Report of the Siperncendent ae Gisuads ‘
Report OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BoARD OF SGeriinic
DIRECTORS FOR 1907.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON Pano. Berea AND
EMBERS
SCHEDULE OF Faretorunes Dusiwe. 60>
ReEporT OF THE TREASURER

NO. 20. MARCH 28, 1909

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND D1ReEcTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR
THE YEAR 1908 .
Report of the Assistant DireetGr
Report of the Head Curator of the Veacewine and ceo
barium
Report of the Honey Giger ol ie Besasimne Col-
lections :
Report of the Director of he De horscones
Report of the Librarian
Report of the Head Gardener :
Report of the Superintendent of Grounds :
ScHEDULE oF ExpEnpirurEes Durinc 1908

vii

PAGE

PAGE

Report oF THE CoMMITTEE ON PaTRONS, eee AND
EMBERS . : : : :
REPORT OF THE ‘Tae isunen.

NO. 21. SEPTEMBER 27, 1910

Botanicat CoNnTRIBUTIONS:

Bolivian Mosses. Part II, by R. S. Wittrams.
[Issued separately, On 1909.] .

Critical Notes on New or Little Known Gradieei in ithe
Herbarium of the New York Botanical Graden,
by B. P. G. Hocureutiner. [Issued separately,
April, 15, r9r0.) .

A Phytogeographic and Taxonodic Study a the
Southern California Trees and Shrubs, by Le-
Roy Asrams. [Issued separately, September 27,
rgro.] . ‘ ; : ‘ :

NO. 22. NOVEMBER 380, 1910

BoranicaL ContTRIBUTIONS:

New Species from Bolivia, Collected by R. S. Wil-
liams—I, by Henry i. Russy. [Issued sepa-
rately, Nownber aoe . :

GENERAL INDEX .
Generic INDEX .

viii

PAGE

262

300

PAGE

487
518
524

VOL. G No. 19

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN

(ISSUED FEBRUARY 24, 1908]

CONTENTS:

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR
THE YEAR 1907, . : : . :
Report of the First Restart. . . : : -
Report of the Head Gardener, :
Report of the Head Curator of the Mastin sua Heenan
Report of the Director of the Laboratories, . ‘
Report of the Librarian, .
Report of the Honorary Curator e the ieoueate Collec-
tions,
Report of the Sige nintendent of Gah
REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF coaeun
DIRECTORS FOR 1907, .
RerorRT OF THE COMMITTEE ON Patnoxs, er oes. AND
MEMBERS, . : .
SCHEDULE OF Ese DURING a : . :
REPORT OF THE TREASURER, : : : : .

No. 18, completing vol. 5 of this BULLETIN, has not been
published.

BULLETIN
The New York BotanicalGarden

Vol. 6. No. x9.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-
IN-CHIEF FOR THE YEAR 1907

(Accepted and ordered printed January 13, 1908)

To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York BoTan-

ICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: 1 have the honor to submit herewith my report
as Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the year ending Jan-
uary 13, 1908:

Progress in the development of all departments of the Gar-
den has been made during the year. A large amount of
additional construction work has been accomplished by means
of an appropriation for that purpose made by the city in the
spring. The collections have been considerably increased,
mainly by gifts, and by the plants and specimens obtained by
explorations in tropical America, aided by gifts of money
by members of the Board of Managers and other friends of
the Garden. The labeling of collections has been brought
to a very efficient stage and the educational work of the in-
stitution has been expanded. The number of visitors con-
tinues to increase. The permanent funds of the Garden have
received only slight additions by life membership fees, stu-
dents’ fees, and contributions to the Endowment Fund, aggre-
gating about one thousand dollars. The value of gifts of
living plants, specimens and books aggregates $11,063.90 ;
these gifts have been recorded in the monthly JouRNAL. The
general maintenance of the Garden has been accomplished
by the city appropriation of $75,000, supplemented by part

(1)

(2)

of a special appropriation of $13,000 made by the Board of
Managers for this purpose. The necessity for making this
appropriation seriously diminished ‘our ability for purchasing
desirable plants, specimens and collections.

he total membership of the Garden is now 1,167.

Construction of Roads and Paths

The river road extending from the east end of the Long
Bridge northwardly along the east side of the Bronx River
to the Newell Avenue entrance, on which work has been
prosecuted at intervals for several years, was completed and
thrown open for use in November, completing the driveway
system in the northeastern part of the grounds; this road has
a total length of a little over 2,000 feet and forms a note-
worthy addition to the driveway system.

The main driveway at the Lake Bridge, which has been
unfinished since the completion of that structure two years
ago, was paved and surfaced during the autumn, thus com-
pleting the main north and south driveway through the west-
ern part of the grounds.

The road leading from the main driveway near the Bleecker
Street entrance on the east side of the grounds to the new
public conservatories now under construction, was graded
and nearly all the telford foundation laid during the year; its
completion requires broken trap rock and screenings.

A beginning was made in grading the portion of the main
driveway still to be constructed from a point near the Bleecker
Street entrance to the southeastern corner of the grounds, in
accordance with the original plan, and stone for the telford
foundation of a part of this road is being assembled dur-
ing the winter, taken from the quarry behind the museum
building. This is now the only remaining portion of the
driveway system to be built, a total length of 1,800 feet.

The construction of the path system has been continued at
a number of different points and much progress has been
made. The paths about the lakes north and east of the mu-
seum building, and those on the fruticetum plain, partially

(3)

built in preceding years, werecompleted. The paths leading
from the museum building and the herbaceous grounds
through the economic garden and adjoining areas were com-
pletely built; the path leading from the herbaceous garden
southward through the woods to the Bronx Park entrance,
partially constructed in preceding years, was also com-
pleted. A commencement was made in the construction of
paths leading from the Long Bridge eastwardly toward the
new public conservatories, and in those leading from the fruti-
cetum, northwardly through the north meadows to the upper
driveway bridge.

The total length of paths built and completed during the
year is about 9,000 feet.

Through the codperation of the Department of Parks all
the previously constructed driveways and paths that needed
resurfacing were covered with a thin layer of trap rock
screenings during the autumn and thoroughly rolled, the
entire driveway and path system, so far as constructed, being
now in excellent condition, except at a very few points where
slight repairs and small amounts of additional construction
are necessary.

It is very desirable that the work of path building be con-
tinued during the next year in the eastern part of the grounds
in order to connect the new public conservatories with the
bridges over the Bronx River.

Bridges

The bridge for pedestrians, built of rounded boulders,
taken mainly from old stone walls, replacing the old wooden
‘¢ Blue Bridge” at the northern end of the Hemlock Forest, on
which preliminary work was accomplished late in 1906 under
the contract of the Park Department with Mr. M. J. Leahy,
was completed in September. This construction performed
the double work of providing a unique permanent bridge and
of clearing the grounds of boulders. The path approach to
its western end had been previously built, and a temporary
path approach to its eastern end has been made.

(4)

The three driveway bridges built in previous years have
required no repairs. The concrete and cement sidewalks of
the Lake Bridge were built in September. The permanent
sidewalks for the Long Bridge and for the Upper Bridge still
remain to be constructed.

During the year considerable study was given to plans for
the bridge proposed by the Commissioner of Parks to replace
the wooden foot bridge south of the waterfall near the Loril-
lard Mansion, for which an appropriation had been voted by
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to the Park Depart-
ment. The western end of this bridge will stand on land
within the Garden reservation, its eastern end on land of the
Park Department. The plans for this structure have not yet
been brought to completion. It is very desirable that this
bridge should be built, inasmuch as the present wooden bridge
below the waterfall is much too narrow for the accommoda-
tion of crowds of visitors and it is approached only by steep
descents at either end.

Grading

Continued progress has been made during the year in
excavating earth and rock at the rear of the museum building,
all the excavated material having been used for filling at
various parts of the grounds or for the telford foundation of
driveways and paths, and the work is progressing during the
winter. Much still remains to be done at this point in order
to establish the grades called for in the general plan, but
inasmuch as all the earth and rock are needed for filling or
for road and path building, double work is continuously being
accomplished. It is estimated that enough rock and earth to
nearly or quite complete the road and path system remains.
It will be possible in the spring to bring nearly an acre of the
area behind the museum building to finished lawn.

The filling and grading required at both ends of the Lake
Bridge and at both ends of the Long Bridge was completed
during the season. Considerable progress has been made in
filling low places in the north meadows while building paths
in that part of the grounds.

(5)

Much additional grading was done along the river road and
along the road leading to the new public conservatories.

In the herbaceous grounds the sides of the brook which
runs north and south through the middle of the valley were
regraded and the brook edges stoned up, greatly improving
the valley. The topsoil needed for these grading operations
has all been obtained by carefully stripping and saving it from
the lines of paths and roads.

Drainage

Accompanying the construction of roads and paths, addi-
tional catch-basins with drain-pipe connections have been
constructed, and the system of grass gutters along the drive-
ways has been continued. The overflow from the bronze
fountain in front of the museum building, which was tempo-
rarily discharged into one of the sewers and thus wasted, was
turned into the drain system which empties into the upper
lake, by means of a drain-pipe connection about 400 feet
long under the lawn south of the museum building ; this
waste water has kept the upper lake at overflow throughout
the season, although the fountain has been played only about
ten hours a day.

During grading work in the herbaceous garden and in the
establishment of the aquatic system in the economic garden,
several hundred feet of tile drain were used, much improving
the drainage of that valley.

At the power-house of the new conservatories a 12-inch
vitrified tile drain was laid for a distance of about 150 feet,
passing under the floor of that building; as the construction
work proceeds at this point much additional drain-pipe will
have to be laid, inasmuch as the excavations for the cellars
both of the power-house and of three of the greenhouses have
shown the existence of springs.

In my last annual report I referred to the desirability of
lowering the dam in the Bronx river at the Lorillard mansion
an additional 8 inches, 16 inches having been taken from it
in the summer of 1902. This has not been done, owing to

(6)

the pressure of more important work, but it is still desirable,
in order to improve the drainage of the north meadows.

Water Supply

The 6-inch main along the north and south driveway east
of the Bronx river was tapped at a point north of the lake
bridge, about 1,500 feet of 6-inch water-main laid from that
point along the south side of the east and west driveway, ex-
tending to the plaza near the Bleecker street entrance; from
this point a 4-inch water-main was laid along the east side of
the driveway approach to the new public conservatories, a
distance of about goo feet, thus furnishing water supply at
these buildings. A rI-inch galvanized iron water-pipe was
laid from near the New York Central Railroad station, a dis-
tance of about 500 feet parallel with the railway to the
Mosholu parkway approach, in order to supply facilities for
watering the steep driveway at this point, which proved in-
convenient for the watering-carts. About 400 feet of 1-inch
pipe was laid in the Economic Garden.

It is very desirable that the water-supply system should be
extended as rapidly as possible, in accordance with the gen-
eral plan. About one-half of the 6-inch and 4-inch main
planned for the grounds has been laid from time to time along
the driveways and paths, so that a good beginning has been
made. The driveways have been kept watered by the Park
Department whenever watering-carts could be spared from
the parkways and other parks, but the service has not been
sufficient owing to the very large extent of driveway to be
cared for in the park system of the Bronx. The method of
watering Telford-Macadam roads by watering-carts is not an
economical one, because it requires a large number of men
and horses which are not continuously occupied; very often
in rainy weather during the summer the roads require no
water for several days at a time, and again in dry weather
they require almost continuous sprinkling in order to keep the
surface in good order.

In the original plan for the water-supply system as de-

(7)

scribed in the report of the Plans Commission of the Garden *
it was recommended: ‘All these pipes are located along the
proposed roads, rather than under them ; they are so arranged
that hydrants can be placed along the roadsides at intervals,
so that by using hose any parts of the roads, walks and plan-
tations can be reached.”

After a careful study of the method by watering-carts I am
convinced that this method of watering the roads and walks
by hose would save much money and be far more efficient.
In order to bring it into operation for the Garden grounds
about 6,000 feet of 6-inch cast-iron water-pipe and 3,000
feet of water-pipe of smaller diameters, together with hose-
taps at intervals of about 150 feet, are required.

Buildings

A contract for the construction of the boiler house and the
subway connecting this house with the new public conser-
vatories was awarded early in the year by the Park Depart-
ment to the firm of Kelly and Kelley and work was begun
in the spring. These structures are now nearly completed,
the cost being $25,600.

Another contract awarded by the Park Department to the
same firm during the summer provides for the construction of
five of the glass houses, costing $62,796; during the autumn
the excavations for cellars for these buildings were made and
the foundation walls partly constructed. Both these contracts
will presumably be completed by midsummer so that the five
new greenhouses will be ready for use at that time; they will
supply a much needed relief to the crowded condition of the
first range of public conservatories, and as soon as they are
completed the necessary grading in the vicinity can be taken
up. As already stated, the driveway and path approaches
to these buildings have been partially built, and a water-main
laid for their supply.

Accounts of the maintenance and repairs of buildings will
be found in the report of the First Assistant and in that of
the Superintendent of Grounds, hereto appended.
~ *Bull. N. ¥. Bot, Gard. 1 :" 43.

(8)

Boundary Fences

In the autumn a contract was awarded by the Commis-
sioner of Parks to Guidone and Galardi for the construction
of a boundary wall and fence along the property line of
Fordham University, extending from the Elevated Railway
Station on the west to the Southern Boulevard entrance on
the east, a distance of about 2,000 feet, the contract price
being $17,000. Surveys for the location of this fence were
carefully made by the Park Department and construction work
may be commenced in the spring. The design of this wall
and fence was duly approved by the Board of Managers,
after slight modification by the Commissioner of Parks for
the Borough of the Bronx. It is desirable that other portions
of the boundary of the garden be permanently fenced, the
line along the right-of-way of the New York Central and
Hudson River Railroad Company being the next most im-
portant to be secured. It will probably be unnecessary to
fence the eastern and northern boundaries for several years.

Telephone Service.

The museum building, the first range of public conserva-
tories, and the power house at the Bedford Park Avenue
entrance, are connected by telephone cables through the sub-
ways containing the steam-pipes, the cables having been
put in during the construction of these subways. The mu-
seum building is connected with the stable and with the
propagating houses by an underground cable laid along the
paths crossing the river at the Boulder Bridge. Previous to
the construction of this bridge the wire passed under the
river, but upon the completion of the Boulder Bridge it has
been carried over that structure. The construction of the
new public conservatories and power house required an elab-
oration of the telephone service and this was supplied during
the summer by laying an 8-wire lead-covered cable under-
ground from the museum building, crossing the Lake Bridge
and the Long Bridge, to a point at the plaza near the Bleecker
Street entrance; from this point a 4-wire lead-covered cable

(9)

was laid underground along the driveway approach to the
new conservatory ; these cables were mostly laid in the water-
main trenches before closing them; to complete the system it
is still necessary to connect the stable and propagating houses
with the end of the 8-wire cable in this plaza, and dispense
with a portion of the wire previously laid. We shall thus
have all buildings connected by underground cables. The
museum building has long been connected by underground
cable with the public telephone system of the city. The
Telephone Company has recommended to me that a public
telephone booth be provided in the museum building and I
regard this as desirable ; I recommend that the Garden’s tele-
phone system be brought to such a central booth when com-
pletely established and that all telephonic service be put in
charge of an aid who will also be assigned the sale of guide
books and photographs.

Plants and Planting

Planting was carried on at various parts of the grounds
during the spring and fall, taking advantage of the large
amount of additional land prepared for it during the past two
years, as recorded in detail by the Head Gardener in his report
hereto appended. This work included the completion of
the west border along the New York Central and Hudson
River Railroad, which was broken by the construction of the
approaches to the Mosholu Parkway and to the Woodlawn
Road, and the filling in of the gap near the west end of the
upper lake; the completion of the planting of the economic
garden in the glade southeast of the museum building; the
planting of flower gardens in the rectangular plots at the
north side of the first range of public conservatories, and in-
creasing the systematic collections in the herbaceous grounds,
the fruticetum, the pinetum and the arboretum, together with
the establishment of decorative groups of shrubs at several
points.
It is desirable during the coming year to continue planting
operations in accordance with the general plan, both by

(10)

increasing the systematic collections and by additional plant-
ing of trees and shrubs along the driveways and paths in
ground already prepared. Continued attention has been
given to the labeling of the systematic collections both in the
conservatories and out-of-doors, about 3800 painted labels
having been made during the year. This continued progress
in the labeling of the collections is most satisfactory and by
carrying it along at the same rate of progress during the
next year, a very large proportion of the specimen plants
will be provided with labels.

The Hemlock Grove

I have suggested in two previous annual reports that it
would become necessary, in order to insure the safety of the
hemlock forest, to restrict its use by visitors to certain well-
defined trails or paths, inasmuch as the indiscriminate tramp-
ling of the thin soil by crowds of people would in the end be
dangerous to the hemlock spruces. Up to the present time
no serious damage has ensued, but the increasing number of
visitors in summer and the impossibility of restraining gen-
eral picnicing, have made it quite apparent that the trails
should be indicated and fenced; this fencing would keep the
great majority of visitors within the lines of the trails. The
character of this fencing has been given very careful atten-
tion; it is necessary to preserve the general sylvan aspect of
the forest, so that no formal fence lines are permissible, and
after much consideration I now recommend that the trails be
given an average width of about 12 feet and fenced on both
sides by locust posts, 2% to 3 feet high above ground, sur-
mounted by a single split red cedar rail, the two to be spiked
together; this method of construction would supply an ordi
nary fence such as might frequently be seen in woodlands,
with this construction in mind a large number of dead and
dying locust trees have been cut from the grounds in preced-
ing years and the trunks stacked, and a large number of
dead and dying red cedars have also been cut out and the
trunks reserved, so that material is at hand for a consider-
able portion of this necessary fencing.

(x1)

As recorded by Dr. Murrill, in his report as First Assistant,
the chestnut trees, both within the hemlock forest and at
other points within the grounds, have been decimated by the
ravages of the chestnut fungus, which it has been impossible
to combat; a large number of these dead trees were removed
during the early part of the year and others should be cut
down within the next few months. In accordance with the
terms of the agreement with the Park Department relative to
the hemlock grove, the cutting out of any trees within the
grove has been under the observation of an official of the
Park Department detailed for this duty.

Museums

Detailed accounts of additions to the public museums and
of additional cases constructed during the year, will be
found in the reports of the Head Curator of the Museum and
Herbarium and of the Honorary Curator of Economic Col-
lections, hereto appended. The general plan of work has
been the same as in preceding years, looking toward the more
complete and satisfactory illustration of the various groups of
objects, by the addition of fruits, seeds, barks, woods, and
other products, and of photographs and other illustrations.
Continued attention has also been given to the labelling of the
collections.

he addition of six large floor cases in the basement of
the museum hall permits the display of a large number of
additional specimens of fossil plants which have been held in
storage, and this installation is now in progress.

A large number of photographs illustrating various phases
of plant life have been accumulated which it is desirable to
frame and hang on the museum walls and it is hoped that
some progress may be made with this work during the year.

Herbarium
The development of the collection of dried specimens has
been continued, the additions to this collection aggregating
about 49,000 specimens, partly received in previous years

(12)

and partly obtained during 1907. Much time has been given
by the curators to the accurate naming and classification of
the herbarium, which is being more and more consulted by
curators from other institutions and by students from all parts
of the country.

The very important collection of fungi of the herbarium
was rearranged and installed in new herbarium cases in the
large room at the west end of the upper floor of the museum
building, which has hitherto been used for miscellaneous pur-
poses, thus leaving much additional space for the collection
of ferns, mosses and lichens, in the rooms east of the library.
Some additional assistance in mounting and distributing speci-
mens, obtained by gift, purchase, or exchange, which have
accumulated in the storerooms, is very desirable during the
coming year, in order that this material may be made avail-
able for students and investigators.

Library

The use of the library by students and visitors is increasing
as the collection becomes more complete. 592 volumes were
added during the year, obtained by purchase and by gift, the
total number of volumes being now 20,458, as appears in the
report of the librarian, hereto appended. The endeavor to
secure the older literature of botany, systematically com-
menced two years ago, has been continued, and many im-
portant works now difficult to obtain have been added. As
pointed out in previous reports, this literature is continually
becoming scarcer, owing to the largely increased number of
libraries throughout the world, and it is therefore highly im-
portant that the effort should be continued, and funds are de-
sired for this purpose. During the year a contribution of
$100, from Mr. E. S. Harkness, was credited to the Special
Book Fund.

The position of librarian, held by Miss Anna Murray Vail
since 1899, became vacant in October by her resignation,
which was received with much regret. Dr. John Hendley
Barnhart was appointed librarian at that time.

(13)

Space for the additional books secured during the year was
obtained by adding new shelves to the steel cases already con-
structed, no additional cases having been required. The
number of institutions now on our exchange list for publica-
tions of the Garden is about 600, as against 57o recorded in
my last annual report. The monetary value of the publi-
cations which we annually receive in exchange is about $850.

Laboratories

The laboratories have been used by many students pursu-
ing special investigations during the year, as detailed in the
report of the Director of the Laboratories, hereto appended.
No considerable changes have been made in the equipment,
though some rearrangements of furniture and fixings have
been found desirable.

In my last annual report I recorded an inquiry made of a
number of universities, gardens and museums, relative to pro-
posed codperation in developing the tropical laboratory of the
Garden at Cinchona, Jamaica, looking toward the possible
establishment of a resident investigator at that station. It was
proposed by representatives of some institutions that this be
accomplished by the contribution of $100 a year by fifteen or
twenty universities, museums or gardens. I have to report
that this movement was not successful, only five institutions
finding themselves able to join in the proposed work, although
the movement was most cordially approved. The buildings
at Cinchona were somewhat seriously damaged by the earth-
quake which devastated the city of Kingston last January,
but they have been put in complete repair by the Jamaica
Government without expense to the Garden, and students may
now be received there as formerly. There is no doubt that
this station provides exceptional facilities for investigations of
tropical and subtropical plants, and that important additions
to knowledge would be made by the residence there of a
trained investigator.

(74)
Lectures and Demonstrations

The public lectures delivered at the museum building on
Saturday afternoons during spring and autumn have been
continued to appreciative audiences. The time for the lecture
was changed from 4 :30 to 4 o’clock. Consideration has been
given to the desirability of extending these lectures into the
summer months, but this has not been attempted as yet. It
does not seem probable that audiences could be assembled for
such lectures during the winter, but a course of summer
lectures might prove desirable.

e lectures and demonstrations to children and teachers
of the public school in codperation with their nature studies,
were continued during the spring from April 19 to June 4, in
codperation with the principals and district superintendents
of the Borough of the Bronx, and of the upper school districts
of Manhattan. The attendance of children and students was
quite as large as during the preceding course. In order to
give more official recognition of this codperation, the school
principals of the Bronx have recommended that the arrange-
ments for selecting and sending children to the Garden be
taken up directly by the Board of Education, and, pending a
decision on this question, no lectures nor demonstrations were
arranged during the autumn. The matter was referred by
the Board of Education to the Board of District Superin-
tendents and it is hoped that this important work may be
further elaborated during the coming spring.

Details of lectures and demonstrations and of meetings held
at the Garden during the year will be found in the report of
the First Assistant, hereto appended.

Guides and Guide—Books
The arrangements for the personal guidance of visitors
through the grounds and buildings made last year were con-
tinued and have been much appreciated by those who have
taken advantage of them. The total number of persons es-
corted in this way has not been very large, but it is no doubt
desirable to continue this work.

(15)

The guide-book, issued late last year, was placed on sale
at the museum building and at the approach to the elevated
railway station, together with selected photographs of special
features, other publications of the Garden, and specially pre-
pared postal cards.

Exploration

By means of a small appropriation from general funds and
of special contributions for the purpose, botanical exploration
and collecting has been prosecuted in the West Indies to the
great advantage of the collections of living plants and of the
museums and herbarium.

Contributions credited to the special exploration fund were
received as follows:

D. O. Mills $1,500
Field Museum of Natural History, advance
on account of Exploration of the Bahamas...... 250
Morris K. Jesup 100
S. S. Palmer 100
Samuel Sloan 100
. Van Beuren 50
Bradley Martin 50
O. H. Kahn...... 5°
John E. Parsons 50
James Douglas 50
Ws Bayard Cutting:......c:ssdstincieckeiiteie sees. 50
James A. Scrymser 50
James B. Ford 50
George C. Thomas 25
AMNODYMOUS 2 ii25205 ai bi pose tdiee Wage oe cag eran cee one 2
John H. Bloodgood 10

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, a Museum Curator, spent parts of
December, 1906, and January, 1907, on the island of Jamaica
making collections and field studies of marine algae, in con-
tinuation of his previous investigations of these plants. The
continuation of the exploration of the Bahama Islands was
accomplished in coéperation with the Field Museum of Nat-
ural History of Chicago, by Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, Curator

(16)

of Botany of that institution, and myself, in an expedition to
the eastern islands of that archipelago during February and
March, and during November and December this work was
further continued by Dr. Marshall A. Howe and Mr. Percy
Wilson, Administrative Assistant, in an expedition to the
southeastern islands, a region hitherto quite unknown botan-
ically; they returned to the Garden on January 5, bringing
back very large collections both of land plants and of marine
algae, and this expedition will essentially complete the sur-
vey of that archipelago, which has extended over several
years. The island of Montserrat, British West Indies, was
explored by Dr. John A. Shafer, Museum Custodian, during
January and February, and this trip yielded important addi-
tions to the museum and herbarium. The exploration of
the island of Jamaica was continued by Mrs. Britton and my-
self during September, in coéperation with the Department
of Public Gardens and Plantations of that island, and import-
ant additions to the collections in all departments were ob-
tained. Dr. Arthur Hollick, a Museum Curator, has con-
tinued at intervals during the year, the collection of fossil
plants from the Cretaceous formation of the Atlantic coastal
plain, special attention having been given by him, in coépera-
tion with Professor E. C. Jeffrey, of Harvard University, to
the lignitic deposits at Kreischerville, Staten Island, which
have yielded material shedding much light on the features of
the flora of that geologic epoch; the results of these studies
will soon be published as Volume 3 of the Garden’s Memoirs.

There is no doubt that exploration carried on either by
members of the staff or by trained collectors under their
direction, is the most profitable way in which additions can
be made to the collections in all departments of the Garden,
and it is most desirable that funds be secured to continue
this work especially in the West Indies and Central America.
An exploration of the republic of Panama, in continuation
of some work done there by Mr. John F. Cowell, Director
of the Buffalo Botanic Garden, on behalf of the New York
Botanical Garden, in 1905, has been arranged for by the kind

(17)

aay of Mr. D. O. Mills, President of the Garden, and
Mr. R. S. Williams has been detailed for this work, to leave
the eo during January for an absence of about four
months. Jt is much desired that expeditions to eastern Cuba,
Jamaica and Santo Domingo, be provided for during the year.

Investigations

The collections of living plants, and of museum and her-
barium specimens, have afforded increased facilities for inves-
tigations by students, visiting botanists, and members of the
staff, and records of work accomplished will be found in the
reports of the several officers hereto appended. The appro-
priation available for resident research scholarships has been
expended with advantage, and the annual expenditure of a
larger sum than our present income affords would be most
desirable. As in previous years, the curators have been able
to carry on some original investigation, largely, however,
during time outside of their regular hours of attendance, the
care, study and naming of the constantly increasing collec-
tions requiring most of their required time. Visits have been
made by various members of the staff to other museums and
herbaria in the United States in order that we should be kept
informed of progress at these institutions, and for the deter-
mination of questions for which our own collections and
library were insufficient. An account of publications issued
by the Garden during the year will be found in the report
of the First Assistant, hereto appended. These publications
have been made possible largely by the aid of the David
Lydig Fund, bequeathed by the late Judge Charles P. Daly-

Research Scholarships
Professor J. C. Arthur, of Purdue University, and his assis-
tant, Mr. Frank D. Kern, were awarded scholarships for one
month each, in January, to aid them in their investigations of
the North American species of rusts (Uredinales), a group of
parasitic fungi of immense importance in agriculture and hor-
ticulture. Their first contribution to the ‘‘ North American

(18 )

Flora” appeared March 6, 1907, as part 2 of volume 7, and
their recent investigations are embodied in a succeeding part
soon to be published.

Miss Mary Perle Anderson, who held a scholarship from
January 1 to April 1, 1907, is studying the Geographical Dis-
tribution of the Ferns of Japan. Miss Anderson spent some
time during the summer in consulting material in European
herbaria.

Professor Melville Thurston Cook, formerly Chief of the
Department of Plant Pathology of the Estaciédn Central
Agronémica de Cuba, was granted a scholarship from January
x to April 1, 1907. He was engaged in studies of insect galls
and in embryological investigation. While here he completed
two papers, ‘‘ The Embryology of Ahytzdophyllum,” and
‘‘The Embryology of AAtzophora Mangle,’ both of which
appeared in The Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club for
1907. At the termination of his residence at the Garden, Dr.
Cook accepted an appointment under the Adams Act, as Plant
Pathologist of the Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station
at Newark, Delaware.

Dr. Raymond Haynes Pond held a research scholarship
from October 1, 1906, to April 1, 1907, and, on account of
the nature of the problems, the grant was continued from
April 1, 1907, to July 1, 1907. Dr. Pond investigated the
problem of ‘* Solution Tension and Toxicity in Lipolysis,”
and has published one paper on this subject in the American
Journal of Physiology for July, 1907. A second paper has
also been prepared.

Professor F. S. Earle, of Herradura, Cuba, formerly
Director of the Estacién Central Agronémica de Cuba, held
a research scholarship during July, during which time he was
investigating certain groups of the gill-fungi with a view to
publishing them at an early date in the ‘“‘North American
Flora.” Professor Earle has made important additions to the
knowledge of the gill-fungi through his recent collections in
Cuba.

(19)
Preservation of Native Plants

A grant of $200 from the income of the Caroline and
Olivia Phelps Stokes Fund for the Preservation of Native
Plants, was made in the spring to Mr. Charles Louis Pollard,
Secretary and Treasurer of the Wild Flower Preservation
Society of America, to enable him to deliver a series of illus-
trated lectures in ten cities and towns in New Jersey, New
England and Canada, his illustrations being mainly drawn
from the Van Brunt collection of colored lantern slides, the
property of the Garden. Mr. Pollard has published an ac-
count of these lectures in the August issue of our JouRNAL,
and there is no doubt that much interest in the subject was
aroused by them.

Administrative

The detailed oversight of the maintenance of grounds,
buildings, collections and plantations, has been ably accom-
plished by Dr. William A. Murrill, First Assistant, who has
also been entrusted with the direction of the Garden at inter-
vals during my absence from New York. As recommended
by the Scientific Directors, the Board of Managers at their
October meeting re-established the position of Assistant Direc-
tor, and Dr. Murrill has been appointed to that post. Mr.
Percy Wilson, Administrative Assistant, has continued in this
capacity throughout the year, acting immediately under my
own instructions and those of Dr. Murrill. My own time
has been largely given to the general direction of the work
of the institution, to the continuance of construction opera-
tions and to the increase of the collections; as much of it as
could be spared has been devoted to the study of collections
brought in by the several exploring expeditions and to the
preparation of manuscript for ‘‘ North American Flora.” I
have also completed, with the assistance of Dr. J. A. Shafer,
Museum Custodian, a descriptive work on North American
trees which will soon be published, and my studies of Cac-
taceae, in codperation with Dr. J. N. Rose of the United
States National Museum have made progress.

(20)

Genera! Considerations

As stated in my last annual report the Garden has now
reached the stage of development which should soon cause
it to take rank among the most important institutions of its
kind. Compared with the sums already expended by the
city and by the Board of Managers for construction, relatively
small amounts for this purpose are still necessary, including
the completion of the new range of public conservatories,
commenced during last year, the building of additional road-
ways and paths, and the necessary grading and drainage
work, and the extension of the water supply. The annual
allowances for maintenance are, however, as yet insufficient
for a wholly successful up-keep of the institution, and it is
most desirable that additional funds be procured. This ap-
proaching need was recognized by the Finance Committee of
the Board of Managers in 1905, andin November of that year
an appeal for additional funds was made by that Committee
recommending the increase of our endowment to $1,000,000.
The matter was again taken up last spring by the Executive
Committee of the Board of Managers and the appeal renewed.
No considerable immediate results have been reached by
either of these efforts, although there is no doubt that much
interest has been aroused. The present city maintenance
allowance of $75,000 and the Garden’s available income from
invested funds, membership dues and other sources amount-
ing to about $28,000 provide collectively an income for 1908
of about $103,000. It is estimated that the amount that is
yearly needed to provide for a wholly satisfactory mainte-
nance, a proper increase of the collections and the develop-
ment of educational work is about $125,000. This would be
obtained by the increase of the Endowment Fund to $1,000,
000, as recommended by the Finance Committee and by the
Executive Committee.

Reports Appended
I submit also reports by the First Assistant, the Head Cura-
tor of the Museums and Herbarium, the Honorary Curator of

(21)

the Economic Collections, the Librarian, the Head Gardener,
the Superintendent of Grounds, and a schedule of expendi-
tures under appropriations made by the Board of Managers.
Respectfully submitted,
N. L. Britton,
Director-in- Chief.

(22)

REPORT OF THE FIRST ASSISTANT
To THE DrrEecTOR-IN-CHIEF:

Sir: Ihave the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1907.

Grounds

The roads and paths of the Garden have been cared for as
in previous years by employees of the Park Department.

Borders, signs, guard rails, catch basins, water mains, and
other matters connected with lines of traffic through the
grounds have also received due attention, as detailed in the
report of the Superintendent. Considerable pruning has
been necessary along the roadways and on some of the paths.
This has in every case been done with great care, and the
wounds have been covered with coal tar.

The condition of the plantations is given in detail in the
report of the Head Gardener. The valley containing the
herbaceous grounds, the region about the lakes to the north
of the museum building, and the courts of the public conserv-
atories have been much improved during the year. A vig-
orous war has been waged against the muskrat with great
success.

By far the most serious damage that has occurred on the
grounds during the year has been due to the ravages of a
fungus disease among the chestnut trees, practically all of
them having succumbed to its attacks. The well-known leaf
blight of the plane-tree was unusually severe the past season,
but its effects are not often lasting. The months of July and
August were exceedingly dry and vegetation suffered
severely, but by continual use of the watering cart the more
susceptible plants were kept alive until the copious Septem-
ber rains restored everything to its normal condition. A
furious storm in December broke down a few diseased trees
in the open and overturned two or three hemlocks on exposed
cliffs in the forest, but the hemlock woods as a whole proved
to be in excellent condition.

(23)

Insect pests have been successfully kept in check by
spraying. The lakes were treated twice during the summer
with copper sulfate to rid them of algae, the results being
most satisfactory. Mosquitoes were less abundant than ever
before, on account of the regular use of petroleum in catch
basins and other breeding places.

The living collections and wild plants have suffered the
usual damage from lawless visitors, but this has not been of
a serious nature except in a few instances. Only seventeen
arrests were made the past year, as against thirty-five the
year previous.

Buildings
MusEuM

A number of new cases have been installed during the year
to accommodate the large accessions to various collections.

Photographs and postal cards of interest to visitors have
been placed on sale with the guide-books and certain other
Garden publications near the elevated railway entrance and
in the Museum building.

The number of visitors has perhaps been larger the past
year than during any previous year in the history of the
Garden. The holiday crowds are growing larger, the at-
tendance at.public lectures is improving, and more botanists
are consulting the library and herbarium. The various im-
portant meetings held at the Garden also attracted scientific
men from many parts of this country and Europe.

CONSERVATORIES

The public conservatories are perhaps in a more satisfactory
condition than ever before. Considerable painting and re-
pairing has been done both on the outside and inside of the
houses. The palms and other tall plants have greatly im-
proved under the new method of watering by means of a
force pump. The large collection of cacti placed outside in
the conservatory court on the south and the flower garden
established on the north side added much to the appearance

(24)

of the range and attracted a great deal of attention from
visitors.

The propagating houses are also in excellent condition.
House No. 3 is now devoted to the smaller specimens of the
splendid orchid collection recently given by Mr. Oakes Ames,
the larger plants being housed at the public conservatories.

OTHER BuILDINGS
The heating and power plant has been maintained in good
condition at small expense. No accidents nor irregularities
of importance have occurred in this connection.
The stable and stable machinery are in good repair. A
new horse for driving has been purchased and the one
formerly used has been sold.

Publications

JOURNAL
The Journal has appeared each month during the year,
making a volume of 290 pages with 5 plates and 37 figures.

BULLETIN

Bulletin no. 14, by Dr. H. H. Rusby, ‘¢ An Enumeration
of the Plants Collected in Bolivia by Miguel Bang. Part 4.
With Descriptions of New Genera and Species,” was issued
December 7, 1907, and contains 170 pages. It was issued
separately in advance, September 5, 1907.

Bulletin no. 17, with 114 pages, was issued March 7, 1907.
It contains the annual reports of the Director-in-Chief, First
Assistant, Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium,
Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections, Director of
the Laboratories, Librarian, Head Gardener, Superintendent
of Grounds, Scientific Directors, Committee on patrons,
fellows and members, and Treasurer.

CoNnTRIBUTIONS
Contributions reprinted from various periodicals during
the year are as follows:
No. 85. Systematic Palaeontology of the Pleistocene De-

(25)

posits of Maryland: Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta, by
Arthur Hollick.

No. 86. Two New Coralline Algae from Culebra, Porto
Rico, by M. Foslie and M. A. Howe.

No. 87. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora — XVII, by
Per Axel Rydberg.

No. 88. Jane Colden, an early New York Botanist, by
Anna Murray Vail.

No. 89. Two New Species of Aytonia from Jamaica, by
Caroline Coventry Haynes.

No. go. Studies in North American Peronosporales —I.
The Genus Albugo, by Guy West Wilson.

No. g1. Costa Rican Orchids —I, by George Valentine

No. 92. An Occurrence of Glands in the Embryo of Zea
Mays, by C. Stuart Gager.

No. 93. American Fossil Mosses with Description of a New
Species from Florissant, Colorado, by Elizabeth G. Britton
and Arthur Hollick.

No. 94. Solution Tension and Toxicity in Lipolysis, by
Raymond H. Pond.

No. 95. Studies in North American Peronosporales — IH.
Phytophthoreae and Rhysotheceae, by Guy West Wilson.

No. 96. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora— XVIII,
by Per Axel Rydberg.

No. 97. The Sedges of Jamaica, by N. L. Britton.

No. 98. The Genus Antrophyum—I. Synopsis of Sub-
genera, and the American Species, by Ralph Curtiss Ben-
edict.

No. 99. Some Philippine Polyporaceae, by William Al-
phonso Murrill.

NortH AMERICAN FLoRA
The North American Flora, designed to include descrip-
tions of all known plants native to North America, Central
America and the West Indies, is being issued in parts at irreg-
ular intervals as rapidly as these parts can be prepared.

(26)

Vol. 7, part 2, containing descriptions of the families Cole-
osporiaceae, Uredinaceae and Aecidiaceae (pars), by J. C.
Arthur, was issued March 6, 1907.

Vol. 25, part 1, containing descriptions of the family Ge-
raniaceae by Miss L. T. Hanks and J. K. Small, the Oxali-
daceae and Linaceae by J. K. Small, and the Erythroxyla-
ceae by N. L. Britton, was issued August 24, 1907.

Vol. 9, part 1, containing descriptions of the Polyporaceae
(pars), by W. A. Murrill, was issued December 19, 1907.

Lectures
Pusiic LECTURES

Two series of lectures have been delivered to the general
public on Saturday afternoons, one in the spring and one in
the autumn. These lectures were as follows:

April 27. «‘The Life Story of a Tree,” by Dr. C. Stuart
Gager.

May 4. ‘©The Flowers of Trees and Shrubs Growing
Wild near New York City,” by Dr. N. L. Britton.

May 11. ‘‘Jamaica: Its Flora, Scenery and Recent Dis-
aster,” by Dr. M. A. Howe.

May 18. ‘* Water Lilies and other se as Plants; their
Relation to Horticulture,” by Mr. G. V.

May 25. ‘* The Influence of eos in the Formation
of Recent and Ancient Swamps,” by Dr. Arthur Hollick.

June 1. ‘Some Little Known Edible Fruits of the United
States,” by Dr. H. H. Rusby.

October 5. ‘*The Salton Sea and its Effect on Vegeta-
tion,’ by Dr. D. T. MacDougal.

October 12. ‘* Collecting Fungi in the Wilds of Maine,” by
Dr. W. A. Murrill.

October 19. **The Forms and Functions of Leaves,” by
Dr. C. Stuart Gager.

October 26. ‘¢The True Grasses and their Uses,” by Mr.
George V. Nash.

November 2. ‘* The Giant Trees of California: their Past
History and Present Condition,” by Dr. Arthur Hollick.

(27)

November 9. ‘‘ The Progress of the Development of the
New York Botanical Garden,” by Dr. N. L. Britton.

November 16. ‘‘ Edible Roots of the United States,” by
Dr. H. H. Rusby.

ScHooL LEcTuRES
A series of lectures was given in the spring under the
auspices of the Board of Education in connection with the
nature study work of 4B and 5B grades of the City Schools.
These lectures were at first confined to the pupils of the Bronx,
but in the autumn of 1906 they were extended to those of
Division III, Manhattan.

Grade 4B
Lecture I, ‘* Cultivation of Plants,” by Mr. George V.
Nash, was given to groups of pupils on April 19, April 22,
April 26, April 29, and May 3.
Lecture II, ‘* Seedless Plants,” by Dr. Marshall A. Howe,
on May 6, May 10, May 13, May 17, and May 24.

Grade 5B

Lecture [, ‘Industries Depending on Forests. Plant
Products,” by Dr. H. H. Rusby, on April 16, April 18, April
23, April 25, and April 30.

Lecture I, ‘«‘ Woody Plants and Plants without Wood.
Protection of Trees in Cities,” by Dr. C. S. Gager, on May
2, May 7, May 9, May 14, and May 21.

Lecture III, ‘* Classification of Plants,” by Dr. N. L.
Britton, on May 16, May 23, May 28, May 31, and June 4.

Scientiric MEETINGS

The botanical conventions, held bi-weekly in the library
on Wednesday afternoons, have been interesting and well
attended. A list of the principal topics discussed at these
conventions during the past year is as follows:

January 23. ‘* Nature Study as an Education,” by Miss
Mary P. Anderson.

February 6. ‘* A Photomicrographic Apparatus,” by Dr. C.

( 28 )

Stuart Gager; ‘‘The Marine Flora of Jamaica,” by Dr. M.
A. Howe.

February 20. ‘‘Some Plants from the far North,” by Dr.
P. A. Rydberg.

March 6. **Some Species of Hypocreales,” by Mr. F. J.
Seaver; ‘« Review of some recent literature on plant poisons,”
by Dr. H. M. Richards.

March 20. ‘The Morphology of the Nymphaeaceae,” by
Dr. Melville T. Cook.

April 17. ‘¢ Solution Tension and Toxicity in Lypolysis,”
by Dr. Raymond H. Pond.

November 6. Symposium of recent work upon Photosyn-
thesis. Discussed by Professor H. M. Richards, Miss Wini-
fred J. Robinson and Mr. Ralph C. Benedict.

These conventions were discontinued for a time on account
of a course of lectures arranged for Wednesday afternoons
at Columbia University.

The Torrey Botanical Club has held special regular meet-
ings during the year in the Laboratory of the Garden.

A field meeting of the Bronx Society of Arts and Sciences
was held at the Garden June 29 to discuss the care and pro-
tection of trees. This Society also held a field meeting on
August 17 for the study of mosses and certain other plants.

The Horticultural Society of New York held its annual
meeting and exhibition in the Museum on May 8 and g; its
summer exhibition on June 12 and 13; and its autumn meet-
ing and exhibition on November 13 and r4.

Exercises commemorating the two hundredth anniversary
of the birth of Linnaeus were held at the Garden on May 23.
A full account of these exercises, in which several members
of the staff took part, appeared in the Journal for June.

The international conference on plant hardiness and accli-
matization, held in New York, October 1, 2 and 3, met at the
Garden on October 3. The forenoon was devoted to the
reading of papers and the afternoon to the inspection of the
collections. Respectfully submitted,

W. A. Murri.y,
First Assistant.

(29 )

REPORT OF THE HEAD GARDENER
To THE DiRECTOR-IN-CHIEF :
Str: Ihave the honor to submit the following report as
Head Gardener for the year 1904.

Systematic Collections

Herbaceous Grounds. No alterations have been made in
the arrangement of this plantation. There have been grown
in the herbaceous collections during the year, including some
still at the nurseries, 2,320 species. There have been added
during the year 216 show labels.

Fruticetum. There are now in this collection 1,442 plants,
representing, including some few still at the nurseries, 693
species and varieties. ‘The completion of the grading in the
area between the west lake and the driveway to the north
permitted of the permanent planting of this tract, and plants
representing the genera Sambucus, Symphoricarpos and Dier-
villa were transplanted in accordance with the plan employed
in the remainder of the collection. The collection of speci-
mens of Wezgela and Adel/a, temporarily located in the
vicinity of the honeysuckles, were transplanted to this newly
graded area, and form a permanent group along the drive-
way. The large triangle in the immediate vicinity was also
planted with 29 specimens of the genus Vrburnum, removed
from the triangle south of the Museum. ‘To the collections
here have been added 198 show labels.

Salicetum. This collection of willows in the north meadows
remains as it was, with 45 species and varieties and 125
specimens.

Deciduous Arboretum. There are in this collection, in-
cluding those still at the nurseries and native to the tract, 255
species and varieties. The arboretum now contains in place
392 specimens.

Pinetum. Including those still at the nurseries, there are
now represented 270 species and varieties. Of these 190 are
in place in the pinetum itself, represented by 850 specimens.
There have been added 44 show labels.

(30)

Conservatories. There are now in the conservatories 9,219
plants, an increase of about 600 over the number grown in
1906. This, together with the increase in the size of the
plants, has emphasized the crowded condition of these build-
ings for some time past, and makes evident the immediate
need for the completion of at least a part of the new range.
This crowded condition is especially manifest in houses nos.
4 and 8, which are devoted to the smaller specimens of the
tropical exogenous plants. House no. 4, which has hitherto
served as an overflow house for plants which become too large
for houses nos. 7 and 8, has itself become so crowded that
there is not sufficient room for many additions there. There
are many specimens at the propagating houses which might
be placed on view in the public conservatories, were it not
for this crowded condition. The following table gives the
number of plants in each house:

House no. 1 394 House no. 9 92
- 2 446 : Io = 460
a 3 312 ne II 261
- 4 440 “rz 748
: 5 1,519 ~ 13 515
te 6 808 - I4 641
- 7 = 749 7 15 1,099
es 8 735

In the conservatory collections, including those at the prop-
agating houses, there are now 204 families, 1,393 genera, and
7,881 species and varieties, represented by 18,364 specimens.

There have been 2,366 zinc and 102 lead show labels made
for these collections, making a total of 2,468.

Propagating Hfouses and Nursertes, A great part of
houses nos. § and 6 have been devoted to the study collection
of cacti, and the larger part of house no. 4 has been given
up to the experimental work in charge of the Director of the
Laboratories. It has been necessary to make use of a por-
tion of this house to accommodate the ordinary collections.
A part of the nursery has also been reserved for the use of
the Director of the Laboratories.

(31)

From various sources there have been received during the
year 1,235 packets of seeds. In the various plantations 284
packets have been collected. There are now in the propa-
gating houses, including the cold frames, 9,145 plants.

In the nurseries there are 2,627 specimens of woody plants,
and 1,986 herbaceous plants.

Labeling, Recording and Herbarium. Up tothe middle
of May the work of this department was carried on under
the direction of two garden aids, as described in my report
of the previous year. At the above time, on the occasion of
the resignation of Mr. Eggleston, the entire work of this
department was assumed and has since been conducted in an
efficient and satisfactory manner by Mr. Norman Taylor,
gardenaid. Incarrying out this work, two men for the entire
year and one for six months have been employed. The en-
tire time of one of these employes has been used in the work
of accessioning and making records, in making corrections
on data labels, in the preparation of herbarium specimens,
in the collecting of seeds, and other similar duties, the others
have been employed in the manufacture of labels. In addi-
tion to the above the assistance of one garden aid has been
available for a part of his time, mainly in work on the trees
along the driveways and paths.

The following show labels have been made during the
year :

Herbaceous Grounds 216
Morphological Garden.... ........ececeeeeeenee aoe 53
Economic Garden ...... 294
onservatories 2,468
Pinetum...... .c.ceeseeees 44
Fruticetam 198
Trees along roads and paths 250
Conservatory pools 39
Conservatory decorative beds 296
3,858

Accession numbers 26,035-29,089 have been recorded

(32)

during the year, making a total of 3,055 accessions. The
total number of plants derived from all sources has been
6,232, of which 3,416 were by gift, 342 from exchanges,
1,189 derived from seeds, 287 from our own collections,
mainly from expeditions to the West Indies, and 998 by pur-
chase; it will be seen that more than half of the plants
secured during the year were obtained by gift.

There have been prepared 620 herbarium specimens of
cultivated plants, 230 from the conservatory collections and
390 from those outside.

The following table gives the approximate number of
species and varieties in the collections:

alolics 7,881
Herbaceous Grounds 2,320
Fruticetum 693
Deciduous Arboretum...........ccecce.eccceuuecece 255
Pinetum 270
Salicetum 45
Viticetum 34

11,495

In addition to the above there are many species growing
wild within the grounds which make the total number avail-
able for study considerably larger.

Miscellaneous Collections

Morphological Garden. The collections here have been
considerably expanded during the year, 43 additional spec-
imen plants having been added, making a total now of 161.
The bed devoted to the ecology of stems and branches has
been enlarged, and five new beds have been opened. The
new beds are devoted to: ecology of roots; ecology of leaves ;
symbiosis; morphology of thorns; and modes of climbing.
There have been added 53 show labels.

Economie Garden. This collection, the initial work on
which was done in the fall of 1906, has been greatly in-
creased during the year. A detailed account of this collec-

(33)

tion appeared in the JouRNAL for August. There have been
grown in this collection during the year, in 31 beds and along
the brook, 230 plants, divided as follows: food plants, 141;
medicinal, 65; condiments and relishes, 18; fibers, 6. For
these plants 294 show labels have been supplied.

American Desert Plants. The large rectangular plot on
the terrace in front of the south entrance to the conservatories,
formerly in grass, was used for the purpose of displaying a
collection of plants from the American deserts. An account
of this in detail appeared in the JourNnax for August. It was
one of the features of the conservatories, and attracted much
attention. There were used in making this display 560
plants, representing 7 families and about 200 species.

Conservatory Lily Pools. The two pools in the court of
the conservatories continue to be features of great interest.
There were about 50 species and varieties of water lilies
grown there, in addition to the two species of the royal
waterlily, Victorta. The lead show label, which has proved
so desirable for trees and shrubs and for the larger specimens
in the conservatories, was used here during the summer in
place of the zinc ones; 39 were placed in position.

Conservatory Flower Garden. The large rectangular
plots, formerly covered with sod, at the foot of the terrace on
the north side of the conservatories, were in part converted
into flower gardens. A detailed account of this feature ap-
peared inthe Journal for May. The center of each plot was
planted with a mixed collection of conifers, broad-leaved
evergreens, and deciduous shrubs, the conifers largely pre-
dominating, so that a green effect might be secured during
the winter months. Around this central planting a border 8
feet wide was given to herbaceous plants. It was thought
desirable to have show labels for the herbaceous plants, and
296 such labels were placed there during the summer.
border of sod 2% feet wide surrounds the herbaceous plants.
There were used in the planting of these beds: 1,000 conifers
and broad-leaved evergreens, the gift of Mr. Lowell M.
Palmer ; 500 deciduous shrubs; and 2,200 herbaceous plants ;

(34)

making a total of 3,700 plants. These flower beds attracted
much attention during the summer.

General Horticultural Operations

The force available consisted of the following: 3 foreman-
gardeners, 14 gardeners, 4 apprentices, and 18 laborers. Inad-
dition to the above 1 driver for his entire time and 2 others dur-
ing the mowing season were available for mowing and hauling.

This force was distributed as follows: 1 foreman-gardener,
9 gardeners, and 2 apprentices were detailed to the conserva-
tories, including the care of the decorative planting in the
immediate vicinity; 1 foreman-gardener, 1 gardener, and 2
apprentices to the propagating houses; 1 foreman-gardener,
4 gardeners, and the 18 laborers to the outdoor work.

The outdoor force was detailed as follows: museum tract,
2 laborers; conservatory tract, 1 gardener and 3 laborers;
west border tract, I gardener and 2 laborers; fruticetum
tract, 1 gardener and 3 laborers; herbaceous grounds tract,
1 gardener and 5 laborers; for miscellaneous operations, in-
cluding the care of the arboretum and scythe work, 3 laborers.
At the conclusion of outdoor work in the fall 2 of the gar-
deners were transferred to the conservatories. The 2 remain-
ing gardeners were employed for the rest of the year in the
usual gardening operations needing attention at that time.

In the matter of new park planting considerable was ac-
complished. During the spring the following work was per-
formed. The west border to the north of the Mosholu bridge
approach was rearranged, the planting being extended along
the approach wall to the road, the additional shrubs neces-
sary for this work being obtained elsewhere in the grounds.
At the Woodland Avenue bridge the abutment was planted
with a miscellaneous collection of conifers and poplars, and
the space between the path and the road of the approach was
partly planted with the Japanese barberry. The planting in
the rear of the fountain near the Museum was considerably
extended by the addition of a number of lower growing coni-
fers in front of the taller ones already in position. The plant-

(35)

ing around the marble work at the foot of the approach to the
Museum has been rearranged, the plants of //ex crenata having
been removed from their former position as a border to the
conifers and used as a screen-planting on the sides of the en-
closure, continuing that already there.

During the fall the following work was carried out: Near
the entrance to the elevated approach, in the strip separating
the path from the road, a row of Japanese barberries was
planted to prevent encroachment upon this place by pedes-
trians and carriages. At the south gate a bed of Japanese
barberries was planted around each pillar, extending consid-
erably beyond the pillar in each direction, the barberries neces-
sary for this work being secured from other plantations. The
border in the corner near the elevated station was rearranged
and thinned, the surplus being used in planting elsewhere.
Portions of the south border, from which barberries had been
removed for use elsewhere, were planted with other shrubs
and rearranged. Eastward of the conservatories the ends of
the grass strip separating the road from the path were planted
with viburnums, taken from the triangle south of the Mu-
seum, thus necessitating a rearrangement there. The natural
border of alders on the north shore of the middle lake was
reinforced and carried around to the bridge by transplanting
a number of wild plants from the immediate vicinity.

All herbaceous plantations, shrubs and young trees were
carefully mulched with well-seasoned stable manure and leaf-
mold at the beginning of winter. All manure needed has
been obtained by supplying a dump for the use of the stables
in the vicinity of the Garden, or by hauling from stables when
our teams were not otherwise employed. These piles of ma-
nure have been turned twice, and form excellent fertilizer
and material for mulching. Large piles of leaves raked from
the lawns have yielded much leaf-mold of superior quality.

Investigations
Mr. Norman Taylor, garden aid, in addition to his work
on the cultivated plants, has continued his studies on the
Potamogetons.

36)

I have continued my studies on the grasses of North Amer-
ica, in addition to work done by me in the cultivated collec-
tions, especially in the orchid and pineapple families; the
increasing size of the Garden collections in these families,
due largely to explorations carried onin the American tropics,
makes this work of great interest.

Respectfully submitted,
GrorceE V. Nasu,
flead Gardener.

(37)

REPORT OF THE HEAD CURATOR OF THE
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM

To THE DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF.

Str: [have the honor to submit my report as Head Curator
of the Museums and Herbarium for the year 1907:

Accessions

Additions to the collections were obtained as follows:

(2) Purchase. Specimens mainly from the United States,
Mexico, Central America, Asia and the Philippine Islands
aggregate 5,690.

(6) Gift. A total of 6,931 specimens, representing a wide
geographic area and a variety of objects, was added to the
collections by donors.

(c) Exchanges. Specimens from Canada, the United States,
Mexico, the West Indies, Colombia, Egypt and the Philippine
Islands constitute a very large percentage of the total 7,763
secured by exchanges with other .nstitutions and with indi-
viduals.

(@) Exploration. Exploration in the Bahamas, Jamaica,
Montserrat and Antigua, and on the North American main-
land, was the means of bringing together 10,718 specimens.

The collections were increased by 31,102 specimens.

Museums
The permanent museum equipment was increased by the
addition of sixteen unit cases for the economic museum, and
six table cases for the fossil plant museum; and by specimen
jars as follows:
Glass jars. (Specimen jar no. 2605, Whitall Tatum Co.)

Diameter Height Number of jars
3. inches. 6 inches. 36
3 ac 8 oe 48
3% 66 Io 6c 60
4% ee 12 cc 72

Total, 216

(38)

I. Economic Musgum. Specimens were added to all the
exhibits of this museum, but the general plan of arrangement
was unchanged except in the west wing, where the sixteen
new exhibition cases were installed. The increase of the
collections in the west wing necessitated their complete re-
arrangement.

II. Sysrematic Museum. The three elements comprising
the systematic museum, namely, the Synoptic Collection,
the Microscope Exhibit and the Local Flora, were increased
by the addition of specimens or improved by the replacing of
old specimens. No general rearrangement was necessary.

III. Fosstr PLant Museum. About the end of the year
six additional table cases for fossil plants were placed in the
west hall of the basement. The whole exhibition space of
the basement is now’ devoted to the fossil plant museum.
The transfer of specimens, previously held in storage, to
the new cases has been begun. The collections have been
increased by a large number of specimens from the Creta-
ceous deposits at Kreischerville, Staten Island, New York,
from the Grand Gulf formation of Alabama and from several
of the South Atlantic states.

IV. Lasetinc. All new specimens added to the public
exhibits of the several museums were furnished with printed
labels. Several hundred labels printed during earlier years
were rewritten and printed anew in order to have them con-
form to improved styles adopted later.

Herbarium

I. MounTiInc AND CONSERVING OF SPECIMENS. About
49,000 specimens, selected from those received during the
year, and previous years, were incorporated in the perma-
nent collections. The specimens fall into two groups:

(a) Flat or pressed specimens. About 47,000 specimens
were poisoned and mounted on 36,184 sheets of herbarium
paper, and distributed in the cases.

(6) Bulky specimens. About 2,000 specimens of fruits,
seeds, stems and other parts of plants too thick to mount on
sheets were placed in boxes and distributed in the cases.

(39)

The permanent equipment for conserving bulky specimens
was increased by the following supply boxes:

Size of boxes Number of boxes

4 X 234% 1h inches ......... ees 1,000
54X55 XIy * 500
54X4 X2% * 500
S X5%ZX2% * 250
8 x 5% x5 i 250
16 X 5% X 5 “ 15

Total...... 25575

Fully 11,000 duplicate specimens were distributed, as
exchanges, to several institutions and individuals in this
country and abroad.

JJ. ARRANGEMENT OF THE HERBARIUM. The increase
of the herbarium necessitated considerable rearrangement of
several plant groups. Forty-one standard cases were added
to the herbarium equipment ; thirty-one of these were arranged
in the large room at the extreme western end of the third
floor, and the fungus collections have been placed in these
cases. Ten cases were arranged in the main herbarium room
to accommodate the additions made to the collection of flower-
ing plants. Three special wall cases were built in the room
formerly occupied by the collection of fungi to accommodate
the rapidly increasing collections of mosses and ferns. Valu-
able sets of specimens from tropical America, both from the
Antilles and from the mainland were added to the permanent
collections.

Assistance and Investigations

Dr. W. A. Murrill, First Assistant of the Director-in-Chief,
has had charge of the collection of fungi. Through his
efforts considerable additions to the fungus collections were
made, largely through the determination of specimens, and
he has prepared twenty-five duplicate sets of the commoner
polypores of the region about New York City. He published
an article on Philippine polypores in the Bulletin of the Torrey
Botanical Club. Two parts of the North American Flora,
including the polypores, were completed and one has been
published as number one of volume nine of that work.

( 40 )

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator, continued the develop-
ment of the collections of algae and hepatics. He collected
marine algae during part of January in Jamaica and spent
part of November and all of December exploring the more
southern portions of the Bahamas, and throughout the year
continued his studies on the North American marine algae.
Some results of these studies were published in several papers.
Dr. Howe continued to edit TorREYA with the coéperation of
Dr. Philip Dowell.

Dr. Arthur Hollick, Curator, has had charge of the collec-
tion of fossil plants. He prosecuted field work at Kreischer-
ville, Staten Island, N. Y., investigating the Cretaceous flora
in codperation with Professor Edward C. Jeffrey, of Harvard
University. Dr. Hollick, with the voluntary assistance of
Mr. Edwin W. Humphreys, a former student at the Garden,
worked out the synonymy of the species to be represented in
the new exhibition cases in order that the specimens may be
rapidly and correctly labeled.

Dr. P. A. Rydberg, Curator, has taken care of the collec-
tion of flowering plants. He has also continued the prepa-
ration of the manuscripts both of the Rosaceae for a forth-
coming part of the North American Flora and of his Flora
of the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Rydberg published severa]
papers on North American plants and two addresses which he
delivered in connection with celebrations commemorative of
the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Linnaeus.

r. R. S. Williams, Assistant Curator, was occupied
during the early part of the year in arranging and incorpo-
rating the Leighton and Hasse herbaria of lichens with the
permanent collections of the Garden, and also in studying va-
rious West Indian collections of lichens. During the rest of
the year Mr. Williams completed his studies on the second
part of a large collection of Bolivian mosses, and also studied
several smaller collections from various parts of tropical
America. He studied the genera Alacromsrtrium, Campy-
lopus and various genera belonging to the family Neckera-
ceae for the preparation of manuscript for forthcoming parts
of the North American Flora.

(41)

Mrs. Britton continued her voluntary oversight of the moss
collection, directing the mounting of the Mitten herbarium,
and naming the West Indian collections made by herself and
others. She has also been giving critical study to several
genera for the North American Flora.

Professor L. M. Underwood, chairman of the Scientific
Directors, until his death on November 16, continued to de-
vote the time he spent at the Garden to the study and devel-
opment of the collection of ferns and fern-allies.

Dr. C. B. Robinson, Assistant Curator, was occupied
mainly with work on the flowering plants of the Philippine
Islands and with the compilation of a bibliography and the
synonymy of the North American species and genera of Mal-
pighiaceae. He spent five weeks exploring on the northern
shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Dr. Robinson continued
as an associate editor of the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical
Club, compiling the «‘Index to Recent Literature,” helped
with the museum work and demonstrated at the nature-study
work carried on by the Garden in céoperation with the public
schools of the city.

Dr. J. A. Shafer, Museum Custodian, had general care of
the museum building and its contents. During parts of Jan-
uary and February he carried on exploration on the islands
of Montserrat and Antigua, West Indies, while throughout the
year he continued his studies on North American trees.

The writer, in addition to curatorial duties, revised and
completed manuscripts of monographs of the families Gerani-
aceae, Oxalidaceae and Linaceae, all of which were pub-
lished in part 1 of volume 25 of the North American Flora.
Monographic studies on several other families are being car-
ried to completion for publication in the same work. I have
also continued my studies on the flora of the southeastern
United States, more especially that of Florida.

Respectfully submitted,
J. K. Smaxu,
Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium.

( 42)

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE LABORA-
TORIES
To THE DiRkEcTOR-IN-CHIEF :

Str: IT have the honor to present herewith my report for
the year ending December 31, 1907.

At the beginning of the year the exhibition of the New
York Academy of Sciences, at the American Museum of
Natural History, illustrating recent advancement in the
various departments of science, begun on December 28,
1906, was still in progress, and remained open to the public
until January 14,1907. This exhibition included the section
devoted to botany, of which I had the honor of being chair-
man, and some time was devoted to the supervision of the ex-
hibits of the Garden and other exhibitors until the close of
the exhibition and the return of the exhibits.

During the first part of the year there was no regular
Laboratory Assistant, but the duties of that position were dis-
charged by Miss Alice Adelaide Knox, in return for the
privileges extended to her as assistant to Dr. D. T. Mac-
Dougal, of the Carnegie Institution. During the spring the
experiments of Dr. MacDougal on the evening-primroses
were terminated at the Garden, and the plants of his pedi-
greed cultures were shipped to him at the Desert Botanical
Laboratory at Tucson, Ariz. The arrangement with Miss
Knox terminated on May 1, and on July 1, Miss Winifred
Josephine Robinson, who is on leave of absence from her
position as instructor in botany, at Vassar College, was ap-
pointed Laboratory Assistant.

In October, Miss Anne M. Lutz, cytologist at the Sta-
tion for Experimental Evolution, at Cold Spring Harbor,

. I., was appointed special assistant for three weeks. Her
time was devoted to sectioning and staining material collected
during 1905-06 from pedigreed cultures of the evening-prim-
roses, for the purpose of studying their sporogeny and re-
lated problems. Among the immediate results of a study of
these preparations may be mentioned the confirmation of the

(43)

number of chromosomes in pure Oenothera Lamarckiana as
14. The agreement of this number with that obtained by
Gates in this country and with Geert in Holland, removes all
reasonable doubt on this important point.

The mechanical labor involved in the preparation of material
(collecting, imbedding, sectioning, mounting, and staining’ for
such cytological studies as this, and for other histological re-
searches is very considerable and often burdensome to the
investigator, and the need of a permanent expert technician,
or preparator, competent to do this work, is felt by several
members of the staff. Such assistance would mean the saving
of valuable time, and would thus make possible the under-
taking and completing of more extended research than can
now be accomplished.

A rearrangement of the herbaria at the Garden has neces-
sitated the occupation of the room hitherto known as the Phys-
iological Laboratory by the cases of the fungal herbarium.
This deprives the laboratories of a room much used, and of
special advantage in several ways on account of its skylight.
This change also emphasizes the need of additional cases
suitable for the storage of some of the larger pieces of glass-
ware and apparatus. Physiological experiments would be
greatly facilitated by the construction of a mezzanine floor
under the skylight and above the herbarium-cases in the room
above mentioned.

The investigations undertaken during the year have not
necessitated the purchase of any large pieces of apparatus.

The equipment has been enlarged by the purchase of nu-
merous smaller pieces to facilitate the researches in progress,
and the appropriation not thus used has been expended for
stains, reagents, and microscopical accessories.

Early in the spring the organization of the Morphological
Garden was assigned to me. Several of the old beds have
seen enlarged, and five new beds started, in which are em-
shasized the ecological features, or the relation and adaptation
of plants and plant organs to the various factors of environ-
nent. These five beds illustrate, respectively :

(44)

. The morphology and ecology of roots.

. The morphology and ecology of leaves.

. The morphology and ecology of thorns.

. Climbing organs, and modes of climbing.
. Symbiosis, other than parasitism.

At your request, an outline has been prepared for a special
section in the Museum to illustrate physiological, morphologi-
cal, and ecological phases of plant life. Such an exhibit
will possess an especial teaching value, and enhance the use-
fulness of the museum to teachers, and to classes in nature-
study and elementary botany.

Meteorological observations have been continued through-
out the year as usual. In addition to the records of pre-
cipitation and of soil- and air-temperatures, instruments for
measuring the evaporating power of the air were installed on
June 6, at three different stations. Station 1 was located on
the dry, rocky, shaded knoll, just west of the propagating-
houses; station 2 was in the low swampy region about 50
feet south of the stable; and station 3 was located in the ex-
periment-garden, about six feet east of the instrument-shel-
ter. These atmometers were installed and the records
made in codperation with Dr. Burton E. Livingston, of the
Desert Botanical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, at
Tucson, Ariz. Dr. Livingston has established in the United
States a number of similar stations, throughout a wide range
of latitude, longitude, altitude, and distance from large bodies
of water, and the comparison of the observations from these
various stations will doubtless yield valuable information in
regard to a most important, though as yet inadequately un-
derstood ecological factor. The results of the observations
at the Garden show that, for the period between June ro,
1907 and September 23, 1907, the amount of recorded pre-
cipitation was .85 inches in excess of the evaporating power
of the air (loss from the evaporimeter) at the propagating-
house, and 4.48 inches in excess near the stable, while in the
experiment-garden the evaporating power of the air was 2.78
inches in excess of the precipitation recorded. A complete

wm bo NH

(45)

account of these observations and of their significance is pub-
lished in the Journal of the Garden for December, 1907.

The minimum temperature recorded for the year was — 2°,
on February 6, and the maximum temperature 93° on July
8,18 and 25. The mean temperature for the year was,
therefore, 45.50”. While the spring season, taken as a whole,
was unusually cold and “late,” the month of April was ex-
ceptionally warm, having a mean temperature of 48°, or
4.30 above the normal temperature for April for New York
State. The total precipitation recorded was 47.01 + inches.
The first fall frosts occurred during the first week in October.

On October 3 luncheon was served in the Morphological
Laboratory to the members of the Horticultural Society of
New York and their guests. Covers were laid for about
fifty persons, and the room was decorated with potted plants
and cut flowers from the Conservatories.

Early in December, circular letters were sent to all students
who have been in residence at the Garden since its founda-
tion, asking for information to be utilized in the compilation
of complete academic records of such persons. This work
cannot be completed until next year.

My own investigations during the year have been devoted
mainly to a continuation of researches on the effects of
radium-rays on planis. Guarded pedigreed cultures of the com-
mon evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) grown from seeds
formed after an exposure of one or both germ-cells to radium-
rays, have been carried through the first generation after
exposure and interesting results recorded. The full signifi-
cance and interpretation of these results can be ascertained
only after the growth of the second generation during the
coming year. The effects of these rays on indirect nuclear
division, or mitosis, and on tropistic movements of plants
have been studied, and reports of all three of the above lines
of research were presented at the meetings of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, and affiliated
societies, at Chicago, in December. Ten minor papers
have been published during the year, in addition to sev-

(46)

eral reviews. With your consent, I have acted as collaborator
for plant physiology for the journal ‘* Chemical Abstracts ”
since October.

With your permission, also, I have accepted an appoint-
ment on the staff of lecturers in the New York City Board of
Education Course of Public Lectures. There are only one
or two other lecturers in this course offering lectures on purely
botanical subjects, with the exception of the subject of forestry.
The popular presentation of botanical knowledge ought to
increase public interest in that science and help toward a
realization of its value, and thus further the rapidly growing
appreciation of the Garden on the part of the public.

The buildings of the Tropical Laboratory of the Garden,
at Cinchona, Jamaica, which were partially destroyed by the
disastrous earthquake of the fourteenth of last January, have
been repaired, but no investigators have been sent there since
the earthquake.

A total of 31 persons have had the privileges of the labora-
tories, herbaria, and other collections during the year ending
December 31, 1907, as follows:

Investigators registered before January 1, 1907......... 7
Registrations at the Garden since January 1, 1907 .... 15
Total registrations. 22
Deduct for names counted twice 7
Number of persons registered 15
Additional persons to whom the privileges of the lab-
oratories and collections have been granted........... I

Total number of investigators present during 1907...... 31

I append a list of these persons, together with a portion of
their academic record, and the problems upon which they
were engaged.

* ANDERSON, Mary PERLE. Mt. Holyoke, B.S. 1890; Mass. Inst.
Technology, 97-98. Univ. Chicago, 01-03; Supervisor Nat.
Stud., Univ. School for Girls, Chicago, O1-03. Supervisor
Nat. Study, Teach. Coll. Columbia Univ., o7-.

Geographical distribution of the ferns of Japan.

* Registered also in Columbia University.

(47)

t+ ARTHUR, JosEPH CHARLES. Iowa State Coll., B.S., 72; M.S.,
773 J-H.U., 78-79; Harvard, 79; Cornell, D.Sc., 86; Bonn,
96. Prof. Veg. Physiol. and Pathol., Purdue, 87-. Botanist
Indiana Exp. Sta., 88.
Investigation of Uredinales.

Benepicr, Ratpu Curtiss. Syracuse, A.B., 06; Aid, N. Y.
Bot. Gard., o6-.
Taxonomy of ferns.

Bea ce ELLEN Crapp. George Washington Univ.,
-, 04; Teacher of botany, Washington, D. C., high schools.
re of fungi.

* BURLINGHAM, GERTRUDE Simmons. Syracuse, A.B., 96;
oods Holl, 99; N. Y. Bot. Gard., 05-06; Preceptress,
Ovid Union Sch., 96-98. Instr. in Biol., Binghamton high
school, 98-05.
Taxonomy of Lactariae.
Physiological réle of mineral nutrients.

* Butter, Bertram Tueropvore. Hamline Univ., Ph.B., o1.
Teacher in elementary and high schools, 90-98, and 03-07.
flora of Montana.

Coxer, WiLLtiamM CHAMBERS. Univ. So. Carolina, B.S., 94;
J. H. U., Ph. D., or; Bonn, o1-02. No, Carolina, Assoc.
prof. bot., oz—. Asst. in bot., Cold Spring Harbor, oo.
Chief bot. staff, Bahama Expedition of Baltimore Geog. Soc.,

03.
Cytological investigations.

{ Cook, MetvittE Tuursron. Stanford, A.B., 94; DePauw,
A.M., or; Ohio State, Ph.D., oq. Instr. biol. DePauw,
95-97, Prof., 97-04. Chief, Dept. Plant Pathol., Estacion
Central Agron. de Cuba, 04-06. Plant Pathologist, Delaware
Agric., Exp., Station, Newark, Del., 07-.

Embryology.
Lnsect galls.

CoweE.L, JoHN FRANCcIs.
Tropical and desert plants.

+ Research scholarship.

(48)

Darinc, CHESTER ARTHUR. Albion, A.B. 04; A.M., 06;
Prof. biol., Defiance Coll., Ohio, 04-06. Asst. in bot., Col-

orphology Pere oe
Plant phystology.

f Earce, FRANKLIN SUMNER.
Taxonomy of Agaricaceae.

Evans, ALEXANDER Wittiam. Yale, Ph.B., 90; M.D., 92;

Ph.D., 99. Instr. bot., Yale, 95-or, Asst. Prof., o1-.
Taxonomy of mosses.
Haynes, CAROLINE COVENTRY.
Taxonomy of Hepaticae.

Hoyt, Wittiam Dana. Georgia, A.B.,o1; M.S.,04; J. H.U.,

o4. Tutor in biol., Univ. of Georgia, o1-04.
Taxonomy of marine algae.

Hovusz, Homer Doriver. Syracuse, A.B., 02; Columbia, A.M.,
og. Assoc. Prof. bot., Clemson Coll., 06-07. Aid, N.Y.
Bot. Gard., 07-.

Revision of North American Convolvulaceae.
Comparative histology of Raimannia odorata and an expert-
mentally produced derivative of the same.

Humpurers, Epwin Witiiam. Coll. City of New York, A.B.,
6

06.
Paleobotany.

Jackson, HERBERT SPENCER. Cornell, A.B.,05. Assist. in bot.,
Cornell, o4-05. Asst. Plant Pathologist, Delaware Coll. Agr.
Exp. Station, Newark, o5-. Instructor in bot., Delaware
Coll., o5-

Taxonomy of fungi.

t+ Kern, Frank Denn. Iowa State Univ., B.S., o4; Purdue,
MS., 07. Lab. asst. in animal morphology and physiology.
Univ. Iowa, 02-04. Special agt., Bureau Plant Industry, U.
S. Dept. Agr., of-05. Asst. botanist. Purdue Univ. Agr.
Exp. Station, o5-.

Investigations of Credinales.

*“Kimura, Toxuzo. Sapporo (Japan) Agr. Coll. Nogakushi
(A.B.), or; Stanford, A.B., 06; Instructor in nat. sciences,
Tohoku Gaknim, Sendai, Japan, 01-03.

The control of sex in dioecious plants.

(49)

Kwox, Arice ApELAIDE. Smith, A.B., 99; Columbia, A.M.,
06. Assistant, Dept. bot. research, Carnegie Inst., 06-07.
frasciation in the evening-primroses.
Lipski, Wiapimir H.
Consulting library and collections.

Maxon, Wittiam Ratpo. Syracuse, Ph.B., 98. Aid, crypt.
bot., Div. of Plants, U. S. Nat. Mus., 99-05; Asst. Curator,
o5-.

Taxonomy of ferns.

MERRILL, ELMER Drew. Univ. Maine, B.S., 98; Med. Sch.,
Columbian, 00-01; Maine, M.S., 04. Asst. nat. sci., Maine,
98-99: Asst. agrostologist, U. S. Dept. Agr., 92-02; Botanist,
Insular Bur. Agr. and Bur. Forestry, Manila, 02-03; Bur.,
Govt. labs., 03.

Examining Philippine collection.

MitispauGH, CHARLES FREepERIcK. Cornell, 72-75; N. Y.
Homeop. Med. Coll., M.D., 81. West Virginia, Prof. bot.,
g1-92; Field Columbian Mus., Curator, dept. bot., 94-. Prof-
essorial lecturer, Chicago, 95; Chicago Homeop. Med. Coll.,
Prof. med. bot., 96-.

Taxonomy of cactaceae.

{ Ponp, RayMonp Haynes. Kansas State Agr. Coll., B.S., 98;
99; Michigan, Ph.D., 02. Prof. bot. and pharm.,
Northwestern, 03-06. German Universities, 07-08.
Solution tension and toxtctty tn lipolysis.

* Rosinson, WINIFRED JOSEPHINE. Michigan State Normal
Coll., 92; Mich. Agr. Coll., 94; Univ. Mich., B.S., Pd.B.,
99; Woods Holl, 99, 00; Columbia, M.A., 04. Instr. Train-
ing Dept., Mich. State Norm. Coll., 93-95. Instr. biol., Vas-
sar, oo-. Lab. asst., N. Y. Bot. Gard., 07-08.
Taxonomy of the ferns of the Sandwich Islands.
Life-history of filmy ferns.
Nutrition of Sarracenia and Drosera.
Saez, Lini1an Bete. Cornell, A.B., or.
Morphology and taxonomy of mosses.

* Seaver, Frep Jay. Morningside, B.S., 02; Iowa State, M.S.,
04. Instr. biol., Iowa Wesleyan, 05-06. Fellow in bot.,

(50)

Columbia, 06-07. Asst. prof. bot., North Dakota Agr. Coll.,
and asst. in bot., Agr. Exp. Station, Fargo, N. D., o7-.
North Amertcan Hypocreales.
Wurtz, Epwarp ALBERT. Prof. floriculture, Massachusetts Agr.
Coll.
Consulting the herbarium.
*Witkins, Lewanna. Wellesley, A.B., gt.
Taxonomy of Solanaceae.

Witson, Guy West. Depauw, B.5., 02; Ohio State, M.A.,
os. Aid, N. Y. Bot. Gard., 06-07. Prof. biol., Upper
Iowa Univ., Fayette, Ia., o7-.

Taxonomy of the Phycomycetes.
espectfully submitted,
Stuart Gacezr,
Director of the Laboratories.

(51)

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN
To THE DirEecTOR-IN-CHIEF:

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on
the Library for the year 1907.

Upon my appointment as Librarian in October, I found the
library in excellent condition in every respect; this reflected
much credit not only upon my predecessor, but upon those
who had the care of the Library during her absence in
Europe for the five months immediately preceding my ap-
pointment.

According to a census of the Library, it contained at the
end of the year 20,458 bound volumes, an apparent increase
of only 96 volumes from the number stated in last year’s
report. This has necessitated a careful review of the statis-
tics of the Library for the past few years, and a comparison
of the recorded additions during 1906 with the figures shown
by the census taken at the end of that year; the result has
convinced me that last year’s report contained a clerical error,
by which the number of volumes was stated at 20,362 when
it should have been 19,362. In this case, the actual increase
shown by this year’s census is 1096 volumes, and this prob-
ably approximates the actual number of additions. As in
former years, no estimate has been made of the number of
unbound pamphlets; nearly all of these, however, are in
temporary covers, shelved, and catalogued, so that they may
be consulted as conveniently as the bound volumes. The
accessions during the year include 516 volumes purchased on
the account of the special book fund, and 76 presented to the
Garden.

During the year 704 volumes have been bound; of this
number 52 were the property of Columbia University, on
deposit at the Garden.

The additions to the catalogue have included about 3700
written cards. By this means the increase of the catalogue
has kept pace with the growth of the Library; but although

(52)

current additions during recent years have been catalogued
both by author and by subject, the older portion of the
Library is very inadequately catalogued, for the most part by
author only. As long as there is no increase of the Library
staff, this unfortunate condition must continue; but with
additional assistance the catalogue might be made much more
useful than it is at the present time.

Few alterations have been made in the exchange list
during the year; these may be found by comparing the ap-
pended list of periodicals with the one printed last year.

The principal Library accessions have been published
from time to time, as usual, in the Journal of the Garden.

Respectfully submitted,
Joun HeNDLEY BARNHART,
Librarian.
List oF PERIODICALS

* Periodicals subscribed for by the Garden

t Periodicals subscribed for by Columbia Udivecity and deposited at the
Garden.

t Periodicals received in exchange by the Torrey Botanical Club and de-
posited at the

1l others are ae in exchange by the Garden.
* Académie Internationale de Geographie Botanique, Le Mans,

France. Bulletin.

eee ve eae oe Auburn, Ala.
ees Ala.

ze . te Fayetteville, Ark.
i + “ Berkeley, Calif.
oc i - Fort Collins, Colo.

e . ve Newark, Del.

at ae be
xeric uaa! Eee ae Honolulu, Hawaii.
Moscow, Idaho.

(53)

Agriculturial Experiment Station, Urbana, III.
of ce ae

ot “ ct Ames, Iowa
tt Se ‘ Manhattan, Kan
ot 7 wt Lexington, Ky.
ee oh . Baton Rouge, La.
7 7 - Orono, Me.
“s th te College Park, Md.
“ “ tt Amherst, Mass.
oe “ . Agricultural College, Mich.
te ae As St. ‘ies Park, St. Paul,
He “ sf Pees College, Miss.
s Columbia, M
sc ts ‘ Bozeman, Mont
os : ‘ Lincoln, Neb
. ay : Reno, Nev
‘ e ee Durham, N. H.
we “ 7 ew Brunswick, N. J.
os “ “6 Mesilla Park, N. Mex.
i v Geneva, N. Y.
as “e Ithaca, N. Y
ut - Raleigh, N. C
i a Fargo, N
ms “% ve Wooster, Ohio.
+ - ut Stillwater, Okla.
ce i us Corvallis, Oregon.
* “ . State College, Pa.
- ue "= Mayaguez, Porto Rico, W. I.
- i te Kingston, R. I.
- i Clemson College, S. C.
e Hs cc Brookings, S. Dak.
“4 wt sid Knoxville, Tenn.
oe a College Station, Texas.
ve “ Me Logan, Utah
ts - 7 Burlington, Vt
ae - - Blacksburg, Va
“ ue tf Morgantown, W. Va.

eee a oe Pullman, Wash.
Madison, Wis.
ue ee 7 Laramie, Wyo.

(54)

Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, Sydney, N. 5. W.
Agricultural Journal of India, Calcutta, India.
Agricultural Ledger, Calcutta, India.
Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama, University, Ala.
Bulletin, Report.
¢ Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Alumni Journal, College of Pharmacy, New York, N. Y.
Amani. Biologisch-Landwirtschaftliches Institut, Bezirk Tanga,
Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Berichte.
America. Botanical Society of America. Publications.
America. Society of American Florists, Boston, Mass. Pro-
ceedings.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass. Pro-
ceedings.
American Agriculturist, New York, N. Y
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Wash-
ington, D.C. Proceedings.
* American Botanist, Joliet, Ill.
American Florist, Chicago, Ii.
* American Homes and Gardens, New York, N. Y.
American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Journal of Science, New Haven, Conn.
American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
Bulletin, Report.
{ American Naturalist, Boston, Mass
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. Proceedings.
American Rose Society, New York, N. Y. Bulletin.
f Annales des Sciences Naturelles: Botanique; Paris, France.
Annales Mycologici, Berlin, Germany.
Annali di Botanica; see Rome, R. Istituto Botanico.
{ Annals of Botany, London, England.
Antwerp. Jardin Botanique, Antwerp, Belgium. Seed Lists.
Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston, Mass. Appalachia.
Arboriculture: see International Society of Arboriculture.
* Archiv der Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
Ardennes. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Charleville, France.

Argentine Republic. Museo de La Plata, Argentina. Axales.
Argentine Republic. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos
Aires, Argentina. Axa/es.

(55)

Arkiv fér Botanik: see Sweden, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-
Akademien
Asiatic Society of Bengal: see Bengal, Asiatic Society.
Asmara. Ufficio Agrario Sperimentale, Asmara, Colonia Eritrea,
N. E. Africa. ollettino.
* Association Francaise pour lAvancement des Sciences, Paris,
France. Compte Rendu.
Association pour la Protection des Plantes, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bulletin.
Audubon Park: see New Orleans.
Bahama Islands. Agricultural Department, Nassau, N. P., Ba-
hamas. Axulletin
Bambou: see Le Babou
Basel. Naturforschende Gecelischatt, Basel, Switzerland. Ver-

Bavaria. Bayerische Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Heimi-
schen Flora, Munich, Bavaria. Berichte, Mlitthedlungen.
* Beitrége zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik, Stuttgart, Germany.
Belgium. Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique, Brussels,
Belgium. Sxdletin.
Belgrade. Jardin Botanique ‘‘ Jevremovac,” Belgrade, Servia.
Seed Lists.
Belize. Botanical Garden, Belize, British Honduras, Central
America.
Bengal. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, India. Journal.
Bergianska ‘Tradgarden, Stockholm, Sweden. Acta Aforti
Bergiant
{ Berlin. Ké6niglicher Botanischer Garten, Berlin, Germany.

Bermuda. Report of the Board of Agriculture, ee W.LI.
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai
¢ Bibliotheca Botanica, Stuttgart, Germany.
* Biltmore Botanical Studies, Biltmore, N. C.
* Biologisches Centralblatt, Leipzig, Germany.
* Biometrika, London, England.
Bombay. Victoria Gardens, Bombay, India. Report.
Boston. Board of Commissioners of Department of Parks,
Jamaica Plain, Mass. Annual Report.
Boston. Board of Metropolitan Park Commissioners, Boston,
Mass. fefort.

(56)

t Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. Proceedings.
Botanical Gazette, Chicago, Tl.
+ Botanical Magazine, London, England.
Botanical Society of America: see America, Botanical Society.
+ Botanische Jahrbiicher, Leipzig, Germany.
+ Botanische Zeitung, Leipzig, Germany.
+ Botanischer pene Leipzig, Germany.
{ Botanisches Centralblatt, Cassel, Germany.
+ Botanisches Centralblatt, Beihefte, Cassel, Germany.
t Botanisk Tidsskrift : see Copenhagen, Société Botanique.
Botaniste: see Le Botaniste.
t Botaniska Notiser, Lund, Sweden.
Brandenburg. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Brandenburg,
Berlin, Germany. Verhandlungen.
Braunschweig. Herzoglicher Botanischer Garten, Brunswick,
Germany. Seed Lists.
Bremen. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bremen, Germany.
Abhandlungen.
* British Mycological Society, Worcester, England. Zransactzons.
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y. fe-
port, Memotrs of Natural Science, Science Bulletin, Alu-
seum News, Cold Spring Harbor Monographs.
Broteria: Revista de Sciencias Naturaes do Collegio de S. Fiel,
Lisbon, Portugal.
Brussels. Institut Botanique de l’Université, Brussels, Belgium.
Recuetl.
ee Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Brussels, Belgium. Bzd-

Seem Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bucharest. Tnsttut Botanique, Bucharest, Roumania. Bulletin

Budapest. Hortus Botanicus Universitatis Budapestinensis. Bu-
dapest, Hungary. Seed Lists.

Buenos Aires. Jardin Botanico Municipal de Buenos Aires,
Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic. Seed Lists.

Buenos Aires. Museo de Farmacologia, Buenos Aires, Argen-
tine Republic. Zraéajos

Buenos Aires. Museo Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentine Re-
public. Avales.

Buffalo Botanic Garden, West Seneca, N. Y.

(57)

Buffalo Park Commissioners, Buffalo, N. Y. Axzual Report.
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo N. Y. Sudlletin.
* Buitenzorg. Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Java. Axnales.
Buitenzorg. Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Java. Bulletin,
Mededeelingen, Verslag, [cones Bogorienses.
* Bulletin du Jardin Colonial et des Jardins d’Essai des Colonies
Frangaises, Paris, France.
Bulletin of Pharmacy, Detroit, Mich.
Calcutta. Indian Museum, Calcutta, India. Jnrdian ALluseum

Notes.
t Calcutta. Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, India. Axzals.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif. Pro-

ceedings.

California State Agricultural Society, Sacramento, Calif. Zrans-
actions,

California State Board of Horticulture, Sacramento, Calif. e-

port.

California. University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Contr¢-
butions from the Botanical Seminary, Contributions from
the Botanical Laboratory, Seed Lists

Canada. Botanical Club of Canada, Halifax, Canada. Annual

Canada. Geological and Natural History Survey, Ottawa, Can-
ada. Contributions from the Herbarium.
Canada. Report of the Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada.
+ Canadian Record of Science, Montreal, Canada.
Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. Yearbook, Publications.
Carnegie Institution of Washington: Desert Botanical Labora-
tory, Tucson, Arizona.
Carnegie Institution of Washington: Station for Experimental
Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. Papers, Report.
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. Aznals, Annual Reports,
Memoirs.
Catania. Hortus Botanicus Regiae Universitatis Catinensis, Cata-
nia, Italy. Seed Lists.
Cellule: see La Cellule.
* Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie: Abtheilung I, Jena, Germany.
*Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie: Abtheilung II, Jena, Germany.
Charleston. College of Charleston Museum, Charleston, 8. C.
Bulletin.

(58)

Chicago. University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Contributions
from the Hull Botanical Laboratory.

Chile. Museo Nacional, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Axales.

Christiania. Hortus Botanicus, Christiania, Norway. Seed ists.

Christiania. Physiographiske Forening, Christiania, Norway.
Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne.

Christiania. | Videnskabs-Selskabet. Christiania, | Norway.
Skrifter.

Cincinnati. Botanical Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio.

ano Society of Natural History, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Journa

Clara sei Dwight Gardens, Mount Holyoke College, Mass.
Seed Lists.

Cold Spring Harbor Monographs: see Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences.

Cologne. Botanischer Garten der Stadt Céln, Cologne, Germany.
Seed Lists

Colombia. es de Obras Publicas y Fomento, Bogota,
Colombia. evi

Colorado College cone Colorado Springs, Colo.

Colorado State Board of Agriculture, Denver, Colo. Annual
Report.

Colorado. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. Studzes.

Columbia University, New York, N. Y. Contributions from
the Department of Botany, oe of the Depariment of
Botany, Contributions from the Department of Geology.

¢ Columbus Horticultural Society, Columbus, Ohio. Journal.

Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, Conn.
Transactions.

Connecticut. Geological and Natural History Survey, Hartford,
Conn. Bulletin.

Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, Hartford, Conn.
Annual Report.

Copenhagen. Botanic Garden, Copenhagen, Denmark. Arde/-
der.

{ Copenhagen. Société Botanique, Copenhagen, Denmark. Bof-

anisk Tidsskrift.

Costa Rica. Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, San José de
Costa Rica. Loletin.

Country Life in America and The Country Calendar, New York
City, N. Y

(59)

Cracow. Académie des Sciences de Cracovie, Cracow, Austria.
Bulletin International, Catalogue of Polish Scientific Liter-
ature.

Cuba. Estacién Central Agrondémica, Santiago de las Vegas,
Cuba, W. 1. Bulletin, Circular.

Cuba Review and Bulletin, New York, N. Y.

Curtis’ Botanical Magazine: see Botanical Magazine.

Davenport Academy of Sciences, Davenport, Ia. Proceedings.

Denison University, Granville, O. Bulletin of the Sctentific
Laboratories.

Desert Botanical Laboratory: see Carnegie Institution, Desert
Botanical Laboratory.

Detroit. oo of Parks and Boulevards, Detroit, Mich.
Annual Repor

t Deutsche eee Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. Berichte.
‘ Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift, Arnstadt, Germany.
Deutsche Dendrologische Gesellschaft, Poppelsdorf bei Bonn,
Germany. Jf¢ttedlungen.
* Discovery, New York, N. Y
Dorpat: see Jurjeff.
Dublany. Hortus Botanicus Academicus: see Lemberg, Hortus
Botanicus.
Dublin. Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
Seed Lists.
t Edinburgh Botanical Society, Edinburgh, Scotland. Zransac-

tions.
Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland. Seed
ests.
Eli Lily and Company, Indianapolis, Ind.
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill, N.C. journal.
Eritrea: see Asmara.
Fauna: see Luxemburg, Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois.
*Fern Bulletin, Joliet, Tl
Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris, France.
Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, Ill. Puédlications: Botan-
tcal Series, Report Sertes.
{ Flora, Marburg, Germany.
* Flora and Sylva, London, England.
Floral Life, Springfield, Ohio.
Florence. R. Orto Botanico, Florence, Italy. Lavoria.

(60 )

Florida. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, Jackson-
ville, Florida.
oe State Horticultural Society, Tallahassee, Fla. Proceed-

o

Florists’ Exchange, New York, N. Y.

Flower Preservation Society of ee Washington, D. C.
Circulars.

Forest and Stream, New York, N. Y.

Forestry and Irrigation, Washington, D. C.

Forestry Quarterly, Toronto, Ont.

j France. Société Botanique de France, Paris, France. Bulletin.

France. Société Dendrologique de France, Paris, France. ul-
letin.

t France. Société Mycologique de France, Paris, France. Bul-
letin.

Frankfort on Main. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesell-
schaft, Frankfurt a/M., Germany. SBer¢chfe.

+ Frankfort on Oder. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein des Regier-
ungsbezirkes, Frankfurt a/O., Germany. edzos.

+ Garden, London, England.

{ Garden Magazine, New York, N. Y.

+ Gardener’s Chronicle, London, England.

+ Gardener’s Chronicle of America, New York, N. Y.

Gardening, Chicago, Ill.

* Gartenflora, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.

* Gartenkunst, Berlin, Germany.

Geneva. Jardin d’Acclimatation Alpin, Geneve, Switzerland.
Seed Lists.

Geneva. Jardin Botanique de Genéve, Genéve, Switzerland.
Bulletin du Laboratotre Général, Annuatre.

Geneva. Université. de Geneve, Laboratoire de Botanique,
Geneve, Switzerland. H/udes.

Georgia State Horticultural Society, Augusta, Ga. Proceedings.
era. Gesellschaft von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in
Gera, Gera, Germany. /ahresbericht.

Gray Herbarium: see Harvard University

Grenoble. Jardin des Plantes de la Ville de Grenoble, Grenoble,
France. Seed Lists.

Grenoble. Université de Grenoble, Jardins Botaniques Alpins,
Grenoble, France. Seed Lists.

(6r)

Groningen. Jardin Botanique de l'Université, Groningen, Hol-
land. Seed Lists.

Gulf Biologic Station, Cameron, La. udletin.

Hamburg. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Hamburg, Germany
Verhandlungen, Botanical papers from the Abhandlungen.

Hamburgische Botanische Staatsinstitute, Hamburg, Germany.
Seed Lists.

Hamilton Scientific Association, Hamilton, Ontario. Journal
and Proceedings.

Hardwood Record, Chicago, Ill.

Harlem. Kolonial Museum te Haarlem, Haarlem, Holland.
Bulletin.

Hartley Botanical Laboratories: University of Liverpool, Liver-
pool, England. Publications and Reprints.

Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Contributions from the
Gray Herbarium, Contributions from the Cryptogamic Lab-
oratory, Contributions from the Phanerogamic Laboratory.

Havana. Jardin Botanico de la Universidad, Havana, Cuba.

Havana. Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba. Aevésta
dela Facultad de Letras y Ciencias.

Hawaii. Sugar Planter’s Association Experiment) Station, Hon-
olulu, Hawaii. Mefort, Bulletin.

Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist, Honolulu, Hawaii.

t Hedwigia, Dresden, Germany.

Helios: see Frankfort on Oder, Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein.

Helsingfors: Universitetets Botaniska Institution, Helsingfors,
Finland. AZ¢scellaneous botanical reprints and papers.

Hérault. Société d’Horticulture et d’Histoire 7 Naturelle de
VHérault, Montpellier, France. Annales.

* Herbier Boissier, Geneva, Switzerland. Audletin.

Holland. Société Botanique Néerlandaise, Nijmegen, Holland.
Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief, Recueil des Travaux
botaniques Néerlandais.

Hooker’s Icones Plantarum: see Icones Plantarum.

Hopkins Seaside Laboratory: see Leland Stanford Jr. University.

Horticulture, Boston, Mass.

Hortus Thenensis: see Tirlemont.

* House and Garden, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hull Botanical Laboratory: see Chicago University.

Hungary. Institut Central Ampélogique Royal Hongrois, Buda-
pest, Hungary. Aznales.

( 62)

+ Icones Plantarum, London, England
Icones Selectae Horti Thenensis: see Tirlemont.
Illinois Farmer’s Institute, Springfield, Til. Axzxual Report.
Illinois State Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Ill.
vansactions.

Ilinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Ill. Bul-

Rh.
India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India. Records.
India. Department of Agriculture in India, Pusa, India.

India. Imperial Department of Agriculture, Calcutta, India.
Annual Report.
India Rubber World, New York, N. Y.
Indian Museum Notes: see Calcutta, Indian Museum
Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, Ind. Proceedings.
Indiana Horticultural Society, Indianapolis, Ind. Zransactions.
* International Catalogue of Scientific Literature: Botany, London,
England
International Society of Arboriculture, Connellsville, Ind. Ar-
boriculture.
Towa Academy of Sciences, Des Moines, Ia. Proceedings.
Iowa Department of Agriculture, Des Moines, Ia. Yearbook.
Towa Naturalist, lowa City, Ia.
Iowa Park and Forestry Association, Iowa City, la. Proceedings.
Towa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames, Ia.
Contributions from the Botanical Department.
Iowa State Horticultural Society, Des Moines, 1a. Zransactions.
Iowa State University, lowa City, la. Budlletin of the Natural
fiistory Laboratories.
tItaly. Societa Botanica Italiana, Florence, Italy. Budlett‘no,
Nuovo Glornale Botanico Italiano, Bullettino Bibliografico.
} Jahrbicher fiir Wissenschaftliche Botanik, Leipzig, Germany.
* Jahresbericht der Vereinigung der Vertreter der Angewandten
Botanik, Berlin, Germany.
t Jahresbericht tiber die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den Patho-
genen Mikroorganismen, Leipzig, Germany.
* Jahresbericht Uber die Neuerungen und Leistungen auf dem Ge-
biete der Pflanzenkrankheiten, Berlin, Germany.
Jamaica. Public Gardens and Plantations, Kingston, Jamaica.
Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture.

(63 )

Japan. aa Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Tokio,
pan. Bulle
Jardin Colonial: see ae Balled du Jardin Colonial et des Jardins
d’Essai des Colonies Francaises
Java. Proefstation voor Gi keerict in West Java, Dutch East
Indies. Aededeelingen.
‘¢ Jevremovac”’: see Belgrade, Jardin Botanique ‘*‘ Jevremovac.”
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Md. Circulars.
* Journal d’Agriculture Tropicale, Paris, France.
{ Journal de Botanique, Paris, France
* Journal des Roses, Melun, France.
* Journal of Biological Chemistry, New York, N. Y.
$ Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, London, England.
Journal of Geography, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
* Journal of Mycology, Columbus, Ohio.
Journal of Pharmacology, New York, N. Y.
Jurjeff. University, Jurjeff (Dorpat), Russia. Acta Hort7
Botanict Jurjevensts.
Kansas Academy of Sciences, Topeka, Kans. Transactions.
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Karlsruhe. Botanischer Gerten der Technischen Hochschule,
Karlsruhe, Germany. Seed Lists
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laneous Information.
Kharkow. Société des Naturalistes de ’Université Impériale a
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* La Cellule, Lierre, France.
Landshut. Botanischer Verein, Landshut, Bavaria, Germany.

te.
La Plata. Museo de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina. Revista.
* Leaflets of Botanical Observation and Criticism, Washington,

Leaflets of Philippine Botany, Manila, P. I.
Le Bambou, Mons, Belgium
* Le Botaniste, Poitiers, France.

Leland Standford Jr. University: Hopkins Seaside Laboratory,
San Francisco, Calif. Contributions.

Lemberg. Hortus Botanicus Academicus Dublanensis, Lemberg,
Austria. Seed Lists.

Leyden. Ryks Herbarium, Leyden, Holland. Axnales du

(64 )
Leyden. University Botanic Garden, Leyden, Holland. Seed

Ss
Liége. Institut Botanique de l'Université, Liege, Belgium.
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* Lindenia, Brussels, Belgium.
* Linnean Society, London, England. TZvransactions: Botany,
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Lloyd Mycological Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio. Meport, Myco-
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t London. Royal Microscopical Society, London, England.
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Luxemburg. Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, Luxem-
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tLyons. Société Botanique de Lyon, Lyons, France. Aznales.
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Maine. Report of the Agricultural Commissioner, Augusta, Me.
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¢ Maipighia, Genoa, Italy.
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Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester, England.
Reports, Publications.

(65 )

* Marcellia, Avellino, Italy,
Marseilles. Institut Colonial, Marseilles, France. Azmnales.
Maryland Geological and Natural History Survey, Baltimore,
Md

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. TZvransac-

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Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, Boston, Mass. Ax-
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Mazama, Portland, Oregon.
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Michigan Academy of Science, Ann Arbor, Mich. Report.
Michigan Horticultural Society, Lansing, Mich. Axaual Report.
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Michigan. State Board of Gooeeal Survey of Michigan, Lan-
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Michigan State Farmers’ Institutes, Agricultural College, Mich.
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Minnesota. Geological and Natural History Survey, Minneapols,
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Minnesota Horticultural Society, Minneapolis, Minn. Zyransac-
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{ Minnesota Horticulturist, Minneapolis, Minn.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. efor

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Missouri State Horticultural Society, Jefferson City, Mo. An-
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Missouri. University of Missouri Studies, Columbia, Mo.

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¢ Monatsschrift fiir Kakteenkunde, Neudamm, Germany.

Moniteur du Caoutchouc, Bruxelles, Belgium.

Montana Agricultural College Science Studies: Botany, Boze-
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Montana. University of Montana, Missoula, Mont. Audletin:

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Montevideo. Museo Nacional, Montevideo, Uruguay. Azales.

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(66)

Moscow. Institut Agronomique, Moscow, Russia. Annales.

Moscow. Société Impériale des Naturalistes, Moscow, Russia.
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Munich. Ko6niglicher Botanischer Garten, Munich, Bavaria.
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Musée Teyler, Haarlem, Holland. Archzves.

Naples. Societa di Naturalisti in Napoli, Naples, Italy. Bod-

Report.

Naturae Novitates, Berlin, Germany.

Naturalist (The), Hull, England.

* Nature, London, England.

Nature Notes: The Magazine of the Selborne Society, London,
England.

Nature Study Review, New York, N. Y.

Nebraska State Horticultural Society, Lincoln, Neb. <Aznual

Report.

Nebraska. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Contribu-
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Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief: see Holland, Société Bot-
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New Brunswick. Natural History Society of New Brunswick,
St. John, N. B., Canada. Bulletin.

New England Botanical Club: see Rhodora.

New Hampshire. Board of Agriculture, Manchester, N. H.
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New Jersey State Board of Agriculture, Trenton, N. J. Axnual
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New Jersey State Horticultural Society, Trenton, N. J. Pro-
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New Orleans. Audubon Park, New Orleans, La. Yeardook.

* New Phytologist, London, England.

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eport.
New York Farmers, New York, N. Y. Proceedings.

(67 )

New York. Forest, Fish and Game Commission, Albany, N. Y.
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New York Public Library, New York, N. Y. Budletin.

New York State Department of Agriculture, Albany, N. Y.
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New York State Museum of Natural History, Albany, N. Y.
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New York. The City Club of New York, New York, N. Y.
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New York Zodlogical Society, New York, N.Y. Aeport, News
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New Zealand. Department of Agriculture, Wellington, New
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Nova Scotia. Secretary for Agriculture, Halifax, N. S., Canada.
Annual Report.

Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Halifax, N.S. Proceedings,
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Nuova Notarisia, Padua, Italy.

Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano: see Italy, Societa Botanica
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Niirnberg. Naturhistorische Gesellschaft, Niirnberg, Germany.

Nyt Magazin: see Christiania, Physiographiske Forening.

Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. Laboratory Bulletin.

Ohio Mycological Bulletin: see Ohio State University.

Ohio Naturalist: see Ohio State University, Biological Club.

Ohio State Academy of Science, Columbus, Ohio. Proceedings.

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Ohio State University: Biological Club, Columbus, Ohio. Oéo
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Olmiitz. Botanischer Garten, Olmiitz, Austria. Seed Lists.

* Orchid Review, London, England.

(68 )

Oregon State Board of Horticulture, Salem, Oregon. efort.
+ Osterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, Vienna, Austria.

Ottawa. Central Experiment Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Budlle-
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Ottawa Naturalist, Ottawa, Canada.

Palermo. R. Istituto ed Orto Botanico, Palermo, Italy. Folle-
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Paris. Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Azdletin.

Paris. Société Linnéenne de Paris, Paris, France. Bulletin
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Park and Cemetery, Chicago, Il.

Pennsylvania Botanical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. Proceedings.

Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pa. Az-
nual Report.

Pennsylvania Department of Forestry, Harrisburg, Pa. Report.

Pennsylvania Forestry Association, Philadelphia, Pa. +Horest
Leaves.

Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Contributions from the Depariment of Botany.

Peradeniya. Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon.
Annals.

Pharmaceutical Review, Milwaukee, Wis.

Philadelphia. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Philadelphia Commercial Museum, Philadelphia, Pa. Pudlrca-

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{ Pittonia, Washington, D. C.

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Popular Science Monthly, New York, N.Y.

Portici. R. Scuola Superiore di Agricoltura, Portici, Italy.
Annali.

Portland Society of Natural History > ee oe Proceedings.

Prag. Deutscher Natur her Verein ftir
Bohmen: ‘* Lotos,” Prag, Bohemia, Austria. ‘+ Lofos.”

Preservation of Native Plants: see Society for the Preservation of
Native Plants.

(69 )

* Progressus Rei Botanicae, Jena, German
Providence. Park Commissioners, Providence, R.I. Axzual
Report.
Queen College Library, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Regensburg. Kgl. Botanische Gesellschaft, Regensburg, Bavaria,
Germany. Denkschriften.
* Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis, Berlin, Ger-
man
Revista de la Facultad piacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria, La
Plata, Argentine Republi
* Revista de Montes, Madrid, "Spain.
Revue Bryologique, Cahan, Athis, France.
* Revue de / Horticulture Belge et Etrangére, Ghent, Belgium.
Revue des Cultures Coloniales, Paris, France.
+ Revue Générale de Botanique, Paris, France.
* Revue Horticole, Paris, France
t Revue Mycologique, Toulouse, France.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais et du Centre de la France,
Moulins, France.
* Rhodora, Boston, Mass.
Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. Archivos.
* Rivista di Patologia Vegetale, Pavia, Italy.
Rochester Academy of Sciences, Rochester, N. Y. Proceedings.
Rome, R. Istituto Botanico, Rome, Italy. Axnuario, Annalé
dt Botanica.
Royal Gardens, Kew: see Kew, Royal Gardens.
Royal Horticultural Society: see London, Royal Horticultural
Society.
Royal Microscopical Society: see London, Royal Microscopical
Societ
Rural New Yorker, New York, N Y.
St. Louis. Academy of Science, St. Louis, Mo. Zransactions.
St. Petersburg. Académie Impériale des Sciences, St. Peters-
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périale, St. Petersburg, Russia. Scripta Botanica, Seed Lists.
St. Petersburg. Jardin Impérial Botanique, St. Petersburg,
Russia. Acta, Bulletin, Seed Lists.
Santa Barbara Society of Natural History, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Bulletin.

(7°)

Santiago de Chile: see Chile, Museo Nacional.

Saone-et-Loire. Société des Sciences Naturelles de Saone-et-
Loire, Chalon-sur-Saone, France. Pudletin.

Sio Paulo. Sociedade Scientifica de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo,
Brazil. evista.

Sapporo Natural History Society, Sapporo, Japan. Transactions.

Scafati. R. Istituto Sperimentale di Scafati, Salerno, Italy.
Bollettino Tecnico.

Schlesiche Gesellschaft fiir Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau, Ger-
many. /ahresbericht.

Schweizerische Botanische Gesellschaft, Bern, Switzerland.
Berichte.

Science, New York, N. Y.

Scientific Roll, London, England.

Selborne Society: see Nature Notes.

Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft: see Frankfurt.

Sharon Biological Laboratory, Sharon, Mass.

Shaw School of Botany: see Washington University.

Singapore. Botanic Gardens, Singapore, Straits Settlements.
Annual Report.

Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Seed Lists.

Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Wash-
ington, D.C. Report.

Sociedad Broteriana, Jardim Botanico, Coimbra, Portugal.
Boletim.

Sociedad Cientifica ‘*‘ Antonio Alzate,” Mexico, Mexico. <Avemo-
rias y Revista.

Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, Rio Janeiro, Brazil. A
Lavoura.

Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Helsingfors, Finland.
Acta, Aleddelanden.

Society of American Florists: see America.

Society for the Preservation of Native Plants, Boston, Mass.

* Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science. Proceedings.
Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los .Angeles, Cal.
Bulletin.
Southern Woodlands, Atlanta, Ga.
Springfield. Museum of Natural History, Springfield, Mass.
Bulletin.

(71)

a Pleasure Driveway and Park District, Springfield,

Il. Annual Report.

Staten Island. Natural Science Association of Staten Island,
New Brighton, $8. I., N. Y. Proceedings.

Steiermark. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Steiermark,
Graz, Austria. A@ittedlungen.

Stockholm. Bergianska Tradgarden : see Bergianska Tradgarden.

Stockholm. Hégskolas Botaniska Institut, Stockholm, Sweden.

anden.

Stockholm. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademien: see Sweden.

Swanley. Horticultural College, Swanley, England. Refort.

Sweden. Kongliga Svenska aaa -Akademien, Stockholm,
Sweden. Archiv for Botantk

Sweden. Sveriges Unidedorenine: Sval6f, Sweden. Z7dskrift,
Meddelanden.

Sydney. Botanic Gardens, Sydney, New South Wales. Refort.

Sydney. Technological Museum, Sydney, New South Wales.
Publications.

Tabor. Hortus Botanicus, Tabor, Austria. Seed Lists.

Texas Academy of Science, Austin, Texas. TZransactions.

Texas. University of Texas, Austin, Texas. Contrtbutions
Srom the Botanical Laboratory.

The Agricultural Ledger: see Agricultural Ledger.

The Iowa Naturalist: see Iowa Naturalist.

Thiiringischer Botanischer Verein, Weimar, Germany. AZzt-
thetlungen.

Tiflis. Jardin Botanique, Tiflis, Russia. Zravaux, Moniteur,
Seed Lists.

Tirlemont. Hortus Thenensis, Tirlemont, Belgium. cones Se-
lectae, Plantae Novae.

Tokyo Botanical Society, Tokyd, Japan. Botanical Magazine.

Tokyo. Imperial University, Botanic Garden, Tokyo, Japan.

tase)

Tokyo. Imperial University, College of Agriculture, Tokyo,
Japan. Bulletin.

Toronto. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Studies,
Biological Series.

Torrey Botanical Club, New York, N. Y. Bulletin, Memoirs,
Torreya.

Trajectum: see Utrecht.

(72)

Triest. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Ferdinando Massimil-

iano, Triest, Austria. See tsts
t Trinidad. Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad, W. I. udletin

of Afiscellaneous Information.

Tromsg Museum, Troms¢, Norway. Aarshefter.

United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
All publications.

United States Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington,
D.C. sdlonthly Consular and Trade Reports.

United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Bulletin,
Annual Report, Monographs, Professional Papers.

United States National Museum: see Smithsonian Institution,
United States National Museum.

Upsala. Kgl. Universitat, Upsala, Sweden. Botanicalreprints,

Upsala. Regia Societas Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Upsala,

Utrecht. Hortus Botanicus Universitatis Rheno-Traiectinae,
Utrecht, Holland. Seed Lists.

Valais. La Murithienne, Société Valaisanne des Sciences Nat-
urelles, Sion, Valais, Switzerland. Au/letin.

Valencia. Universidad Literaria de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Seed Lists.

Vermont Botanical Club, Burlington, Vt. Bulletin.

Vermont. Report of the State Ceara of Vermont, Mont-
pelier, Vt.

Vermont State Board of Agriculture, Burlington, Vt. Aznual

Report.

Vick’s Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Rochester, N. Y.

Victoria. Department of Agriculture of Victoria, Melbourne,
Victoria. Journal.

Victoria. Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, Melbourne, Aus-
tralia. Zhe Victorian Naturalist.

*Vienna. K. K. Zodlogisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna,
Austria. Adhandlungen,
{ Vienna. K. K. Zodlogisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna,

Austria. Verhandlungen.
Virginia. Department of Agriculture, Richmond, Va. Aznual

Wageningen. Rijks Hoogere Land-, Tuin- en Boschbouw-
school, Wageningen, Holland. Seed Lists.

(73)

Warsaw. Jardin Botanique, Warsaw, Poland, Russia. Seed
Lists.
Washington. Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Pro-
ceedings.
Washington. Biological Society of Washington, Washington,
D.C. Proceedings.
Washington. Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
Washington. National Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C.
Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. Contributions from the
haw School of Botany
Weekly Florists’ Review, Chicago, Ill.
Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories, London, England.
Papers.
West American Scientist, San Diego, Calif.
West Indies. Agricultural Department, Barbadoes, W.I. Aul-
etin, Agricultural News.
West Indies. Inspectie van den Landbouw in West Indié, Para-
maribo, Dutch Guiana. Sulletzn, Verslag.
West Java. Proefstation voor Suikerriet: see Java, Proefstation.
Wild Flower Preservation Society of America, Washington,
D.C. Circulars.
Wisconsin Academy of Arts and Sciences, Madison, Wis.
Transactions.
Wisconsin Natural History Society, Milwaukee Public Museum,
Milwaukee, Wis. Proceedings.
Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Audletin.
+ Zeitschrift fiir Planzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, Germany.
* Zeitschrift fiir Physiologische Chemie, Strassburg, Germany.
* Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie, Braunschweig,
Germany.
Zoé, San Diego, Calif
Ziirich. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Ziirich, Switzerland.

bs sing Pe ae Z
¥ beret] é aft.

(74)

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF
THE ECONOMIC COLLECTIONS.

Dr. N. L. Britron, DirecToR-IN-CHIEF,

S?r: Ihave the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1904.

The collections under my charge have been increased by
the addition of 200 specimens. This relatively small number
of additions only partially represents the extension work of
the year, since it so happens that much of our effort has been
expended in arranging for additions which are expected to
reach us during the year 1908. In two instances these
arrangements are of such importance as to merit special
mention at this time.

The installation of the Merck collection of proximate plant
principles, announced in my last report, was but temporary,
our plan for its permanent arrangement contemplating the
addition of the crude materials from which the proximate
principles are extracted. Much of this crude material is ex-
pensive and otherwise difficult to obtain. Its installation,
moreover, would require a considerable expenditure for glass-
ware, and some nine or ten additional cases, so that the
execution of the plan was necessarily deferred. During the
past year Messrs. Merck & Co. have very generously under-
taken to complete their donation by contributing the entire
collection of crude material desired, and together with it, the
necessary bottles for its installation. Since sixteen new cases
have been provided during the year, we are prepared to prop-
erly place this collection immediately upon its arrival, which
is expected during January of 1908. A list of our desiderata
was prepared and submitted to Messrs. Merck & Co., and
from this list the label printing has already been begun.

During the past year, arrangements have been made with
the leaders of a scientific expedition to the upper Rio Negro
region, in Brazil, to make collections of economic materials
for us. A list of our desiderata from that region was sup-

(75)

plied to the collectors, together with careful instructions for
the collection and preparation of the specimens.

Among the additions of the year, the following may be
mentioned as of special importance.

Further additions to our collection of aboriginal foods of
North America.

Accurately determined specimens of blackberries, con-
tributed by Dr. Rydberg.

Twenty-three native drug plants, collected by Dr. J. A.
Shafer.

A number of rare and new drugs representing importations
of the year to this city.

Thirty specimens obtained by Dr. J. A. Shafer in Mont-
serrat.

A very valuable and instructive set of fossil resins, con-
tributed by Messrs. G. W. Patterson & Company, through
Dr. Arthur Hollick.

Reference may also be made to the collection of seeds of
a number of important drugs and other products, which have
been planted in our propagating house.

For several years past it has been my wish to see intro-
duced in some of our cases a new form of label, which should
give a concise and simple descriptive account of the sets of
material found therein, as for example, the India rubbers,
the volatile oils, the resins, the sugars and starches, cork,
chocolate, etc. The manuscript for a number of such de-
scriptive labels was long ago prepared, but owing to the
urgent requirements for printing in other departments, it has
never been used. Recently, proofs of these labels have been
received and approved by the Board of Scientific Directors,
so that we may expect to see this interesting experiment put
into operation during the coming year.

I have on previous occasions called attention to the neces-
sity of making provision for the purchase of specimens for
the Economic Museum. The bulk of easily obtainable ma-
terial has now been secured, and it is necessary, in order to
fill gaps which become more conspicuous as the collections

(76)

become more complete, to arrange for the purchase of speci-
mens which cannot readily be obtained in other ways.

I now offer the following suggestion for a plan, the execu-
tion of which would be of exceptional value to this depart-
ment. By the coéperation of our Garden with a number of
other similar institutions, it would be possible to place a col-
lector in each of a number of districts into which the terri-
tory of the United States might be divided, and the greater
portion of our native economic plant material could be col-
lected in a single season. Each collector could procure a
sufficient number of sets to supply one to each of the institu-
tions thus codperating, and a perfectly authentic representa-
tion of our economic flora could thus be placed on exhibition
at a number of the more important centers of population
throughout the country. The plan has been informally men-
tioned to the Director of the American Museum of Natural
History and of the Field Museum, of Chicago, both of whom
heartily approved of the suggestion. I believe that an ap-
propriation of $1,000 from ten such institutions would be
sufficient to accomplish this work.

Respectfully submitted,
H. H. Russy,
flonorary Curator of the Economic Collections.

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REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
GROUNDS
To THE DiRECTOR-IN-CHIEF :

Str: I have the honor to submit herewith my report for the
year 1907.

Construction of Roads

The driveway bordering the river on the east, extending
from the long bridge to the northern entrance of the grounds,
was completed and thrown open to the public November 25.
Stone for the completion of the foundation was hauled from
the quarry back of the museum building during the previous
winter and construction was resumed early in March.

A road extending northward from the plaza near the stable
to the site of the new conservatories has been laid out, paved,
and made ready for surfacing. Grading has also been com-
menced on the continuation of the driveway from this plaza
southward.

The portion of unfinished road on the lake bridge and its
approaches, about 500 feet in length and 40 feet in width, has
also been completed during the year.

The new grades established for the Southern Boulevard
made it necessary to raise the roadway and paths adjoining
the southern entrance about a foot.

Building of Paths

Much progress has been made during the year in the com-
pletion of paths already begun and in the construction of new
ones. 6,525 feet of paths measuring 11 feet in width, which
were paved in 1906, as mentioned in a former report, were
surfaced and opened to the public in 1907. 1,400 feet of
pathway about the lakes and extending to the new boulder
bridge were also surfaced and opened, after certain sections
of unfinished paving were completed.

A woodland path goo feet in length, extending from the
herbaceous grounds to the southeastern boundary of the
Garden, was completed in October; also two paths, together

(78 )

about 450 feet in length, on the ridge east of the museum
building, connecting with the morphological garden, the eco-
nomic garden, and the hemlock grove. The total length of
the paths completed and opened to the public in 1907 is 9,275
feet; much of the work of construction, however, was done
during the previous year.

New paths now under construction extend along both sides
of the driveway in the north meadows from the Woodlawn
Road approach to Newell Avenue bridge, and on the north
side of the road between the Long Bridge and the plaza near
the stable. This latter path, about 1,000 feet in length, has
been graded, partly paved, and filled in for some distance
with soft rock.

The sidewalks of the lake bridge have been concreted and
surfaced with cement. The walks in front of the museum
building have been repaired where necessary. The principal
paths about the public conservatories have been resurfaced
with screenings and rolled.

Regulating and Grading

Two areas adjoining the Mosholu bridge approach, one to
the north measuring 250 by 400 feet and one to the east meas-
uring 200 by 400 feet, were covered with top-soil to grade and
sown as early in the spring as the weather permitted.

The shores of the middle lake and the banks bordering the
road between the Long Bridge and the plaza to the east have
been graded and sodded. Considerable filling was required
near the bridges and along the line of the water-main, 700
cart loads of which was obtained from the road under con-
struction leading to the new conservatories.

The grading at the economic garden was completed early
in the spring, and in the autumn the banks of the brook flow-
ing through the herbaceous grounds were built up with stone
retaining walls and regraded, and the overflows reconstructed.

Water Supply

The one-inch water line in the herbaceous grounds and

morphological garden has been extended to the northern end

(79)

of the economic garden, a distance of 573 feet, with nine hose
taps 40 feet apart, protected from frost by concrete boxes
with cast-iron covers.

A six-inch main was connected 130 feet north of the lake
bridge and carried between the road and path across the long
bridge to the plaza near the stable, a distance of 1,536 feet.
From this point northward a four-inch pipe was laid to the
site of the new conservatories, a distance of 924 feet. The
sections of pipe used on the Long Bridge, about 350 feet in
total length, required a special covering to protect them from
frost; the remainder were laid three or four feet below the
surface of the ground. A fire hydrant was attached to the
four-inch pipe.

The one-inch pipe near the railway station was extended
temporarily to the Mosholu Parkway approach. The two-
inch water pipe laid under the river three years ago having
been exposed by the construction of the Boulder Bridge, it
was lowered three feet below the water line to protect it from
frost.

Drainage

As early in the season as the weather permitted the drainage
to the Fordham University grounds at the low point about 200
feet west of the south gate was connected by 45 feet of pipe
to a main sewer constructed previously by the city up to the
boundary line of the Garden. A catch basin was built and
connected, and the grade raised along the border fence suffi-
ciently to protect the university grounds against surface
drainage from the Garden.

The overflow of the large fountain in front of the museum
building was connected in April with the drainage into the
upper lake, 396 feet of eight-inch pipe being laid for this
connection.

The cellar under the lecture hall of the museum building
was drained by laying 20 feet of six-inch pipe connecting
with the eight-inch drain.

Three catch basins were constructed, one west of the Long
Bridge and two at the northern end of the economic garden.

(80 )

About go feet of six-inch pipe were laid at low points under
roads where catch basins are yet to be constructed. It was
found necessary also to use 380 feet of porous tile at various
low points in the herbaceous and morphological gardens and
on the east side of the river.

In order to improve the surface drainage, about 3,000 feet
of grass gutters along the old driveways had to be lowered
and resodded. All the catch basins were examined regularly
and cleaned when necessary.

Buildings

The public conservatories have been given a general over-
hauling for the first time since their construction. Ventilators,
fanlights, doors, sash, glass, and other parts or fixtures need-
ing repair have received attention; and the exterior has been
painted and the cellar kalsomined. Two additional airshafts
and two manholes have been constructed to improve the cir-
culation of air in the steam trenches. The drainage of the
houses has also been cleaned and repaired where necessary.

The propagating houses were given a coat of paint on the
outside and the cellar was kalsomined. One of the heaters
was replaced by a new one. Minor repairs were made as
found necessary.

The stable has needed very few repairs. The drainage
beneath the stall-floor has been much improved and the space
filled with ashes. An inventory of machinery and tools
shows a good stock on hand and all in good repair except a
number of hand mowers that have been in use for five or six
years, which can hardly be repaired to advantage. About 20
tons of hay were harvested, sufficient to last all the year.
Expenditures for oats, straw, bran and salt amounted to
$880.23.

Pliscellaneous

A new line of telephone cable with eight conductors has
been laid from the museum building to the plaza near the
stable, a distance of 2,765 feet, and a branch line with four
conductors extended from this point to the site of the new

(8r )

conservatories, a distance of 1,130 feet. The old cable has
been taken from the bed of the river at the crossing and laid
over the new boulder bridge.

The use of the local telephone system for hourly reports
from the night-watchman has proven very satisfactory. This
method is not only a safeguard against injury to Garden
property, but is also a protection to the watchmen themselves.

The number of visitors at the Garden during 1907 was
about 25 per cent. greater than in previous years. Seventeen
persons were arrested, as against thirty-five in 1906. Fifteen
of these were fined, one reprimanded, and one discharged by
the police court magistrate.

The hackmen have observed the conditions of their permits
much more satisfactorily during the past year, and all these
permits have been renewed.

Twenty additional rustic benches were built for the grounds
by the carpenters during the winter, but the great increase
of the path system makes it necessary to build as many more
when opportunity offers.

Respectfully submitted,
F. A. ScHILLING,
Superintendent of Grounds.

(82 )

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
OF SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS FOR 1907

To THE Boarp oF Manacers, New York BoTANICAL

GARDEN:

Gentlemen: J have the honor to submit the following re-
port for the year 1907.

Meetings have been held according to schedule, on April
13, June 8, October rr and December 14.

The various reports submitted by the heads of departments
to the Director-in-Chief exhibit commendable activity in all
lines of the Garden’s work, notwithstanding some curtail-
ment, an inevitable result of the shortage of funds, to be
hereinafter discussed.

he explorations of the year have been of unusual interest,
because several of them have been specially arranged to con-
tinue the surveys of regions in which much work has pre-
viously been done. Of this nature were the explorations of
the Director-in-Chief in Jamaica, of Dr. Howe in the same
region, resulting in a highly important collection of marine
algae, and of Dr. Howe and Mr. Wilson in a hitherto un-
visited portion of the Bahamas. Much important work of
the same character still remains to be done in the West Indies,
and in Central America, and plans for its performance have
been carefully considered by this Board. The exploration of
Montserrat by Dr. Shafer resulted in procuring some impor-
tant material for the economic, as well as for the general
collections.

The additions to the collections during 1907 were very
large. Special reference should be made to the purchase of
the herbarium of the late Dr. Otto Kuntze, which is, for sev-
eral reasons, of a somewhat unique character; also to a
valuable collection of varnish resins placed in the Economic
Museum, and a large collection of diatoms presented by Mrs.
Adelaide S. Van Brunt. It has been resolved by this board
that steps should be taken to secure the collection of fungi

(83 )

and mosses left by the late Dr. Underwood, ail his other
collections having already come into possession of the
Garden.

Several of the year’s publications should be here men-
tioned. These include three parts of the ‘* North American
Flora,” aggregating 236 pages. It is an interesting matter of
record that this important publication is already on a self-
supporting basis. Bulletin No. 14 is a contribution of 161
pages to the flora of Bolivia. Other equally important pub-
lications are nearly ready for issuance.

In the line of general education, some of the work of the
year is very noteworthy. The official guide book has been
largely distributed and has already demonstrated its great
value in making the Garden more generally recognized by
the public as an important educational institution. The ex-
periment of providing visitors with guides to the grounds and
buildings has been found successful and should unquestion-
ably be continued. The Economic Garden has been com-
pleted and is a valuable addition to the plantations; it has
proved very attractive to large numbers of visitors, and is cer-
tain to become more so, as its trees, shrubs and other peren-
nials are perfected by growth. The planting of the spaces
in front of the conservatory has also been greatly appre-
ciated by visitors. Perhaps the most important single element
in our educational progress consists in the practical comple-
tion of the labeling of specimens, and the inauguration of
some improved methods of labeling, as set forth in the special
reports of several of the departments. Of the same nature
are the provisions for guide and descriptive leaflets, elsewhere
reported. Educational work for the protection of native
plants, under the provisions for the administration of the
Stokes Fund, has been successfully pursued. An important
public Saturday afternoon lecture course was provided, as
usual, in spring and autumn, and the largely increased
attendance was most encouraging. In this connection it is
interesting to report that Assistant Director Dr. Murrill has
been granted leave of absence to accept an invitation to de-

(84)

liver a course of lectures in July, 1908, on wood-destroying
fungi, at the Biltmore School of Forestry.

In discussing the changes of personnel in the Garden, it
becomes my sad duty to report one of the most severe losses
that we could be called upon to suffer, in the death of Pro-
fessor Underwood, for some years past the chairman of this
board. This sad event occurred on November 16 at his home
in Redding, Connecticut, Professor Underwood having con-
tinued his valuable services to the Garden almost to the day
of his death. Our Board, at its meeting of December 14,
adopted a preamble and resolutions commemorative of Prof-
essor Underwood’s services to the Garden and to botanical
science.

After very careful consideration, we decided at our October
meeting to reéstablish the office of Assistant Director, and
appointed Dr. Murrill to that position, in reporting which it is
our pleasure to speak in the highest terms of the ability and
efficiency which have characterized Dr. Murrill’s discharge
of the duties of First Assistant, which position he has filled
since December, 1905.

At our April meeting, leave of absence without pay for the
summer, was granted to our Librarian, Miss Vail, and arrange-
ments were made to fill the position by the temporary appoint-
ment of Professor F. S. Earle. At our October meeting,
Miss Vail informed us that other duties would prevent her
from continuing in the position of Librarian, and her resig~
nation was regretfully accepted. We were fortunately suc-
cessful in securing the services of Dr. John Hendley Barnhart
to succeed Miss Vail.

It has been proposed by the trustees of Columbia University,
that the relations between the Garden and the University,
which have always been most helpful to us, be strengthened
by the acceptance by our Director-in-chief, Dr. Britton, of
the following appointment:

(85 )

PRESIDENT’s Room, January 6, 1908.
Pror. N. L. Brirton,
New York Botanical Garden,
Bronx Park, New York.
My dear Dr. Britton:

It gives me great pleasure to advise you that the Trustees,
at their meeting to-day passed a resolution making the Direc-
tor of the New York Botanical Garden ex-officio a member
of the Faculty of Pure Science, with the rank of professor.

Hoping that this action will be agreeable to you,

Tam
Sincerely yours,
(signed) NicHoLas Murray BuTer,
President.

At our meeting of December 14, Dr. Britton was authorized
to accept this appointment, and we recommend that this
action be confirmed by the Board of Managers.

The curtailment of the Garden’s income available for scien-
tific and educational purposes, resulting from the decreased
appropriation for maintenance made by the city, has been a
source of serious concern to us, and demands the most
earnest attention of the Board of Managers.

Owing to the necessity for using a large portion of the
Garden’s income from membership dues and invested funds
for purposes of ordinary maintenance, as has been made
evident to the Scientific Directors by the reports of the Direc-
tor-in-Chief, we have recommended very small allowances
from Garden income for the educational and scientific work
of the Institution. The cost of maintaining collections of
living plants is cumulative, and it is a self-evident proposition
that such cost must increase with the extent of the collections.
The Scientific Directors realize, however, that it would be
most unfortunate to stop the growth of the collections, which
have now become of international importance, or to decrease
in any way the educational power of the Garden. The initial
stage of such an institution as this, represents the inauguration

(86 )

of a definite plan of development, the execution of which
necessarily involves certain lines of extension. At our meet-
ing on December 14, 1907, we therefore adopted the follow-
ing resolution :

Lesolved, That the Scientific Directors request the Board
of Managers for authority to solicit contributions to a fund of
not less than $10,000 for the purposes of increasing the col-
lections of living plants, of museum and herbarium speci-
mens, and of the library, during the year 1908.

The new public conservatories now under construction
require that further collecting be done during the year in
tropical America, and portions of this desired fund would be
used for that purpose. The grounds have been improved
and developed so that much additional planting can be done
to great advantage, and for this purpose additional funds are
needed ; the effort to secure for the library the older botanical
literature, fast becoming rare and increasingly difficult to
obtain, a policy already approved by the Board of Managers,
should be continued, and the development of the museums
also demands additional funds.

In conclusion, we commend to your attention the several
administrative and departmental reports which will shortly be
placed before you in printed form.

H. H. Russy,
Chairman.

(87 )

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS,
FELLOWS, AND MEMBERS

To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York BoTan-

ICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: The number of new members who have qual-
ified during the past year is 63. The number of annual
members is now 927; life members 167; sustaining members
29; fellowship members 6.

Of these 24 are now in arrears for dues for 1907, 9 are in
arrears for 1906 and 1907, 7 are in arrears for 1905, 1906 and
1907, and 6 are in arrears for 1904, 1905, 1906 and 1907.

Annual dues have been collected to the amount of $8,750,
which has been transmitted to the Treasurer as received.

Three persons have qualified as life members by the pay-
ment of $250 each. These sums have been transmitted to
the Treasurer for credit to the Endowment Fund.

One person has qualified as a sustaining member by the
payment of $25. This sum has been transmitted to the
Treasurer.

A complete list of all classes of members to date is here-
with submitted.

BENEFACTORS

Hon. Addison Brown,
Andrew Carnegie,
Columbia University,

* Hon. Charles P. Daly,

D. O. Mills,

J. Pierpont Morgan,
John D. Rockefeller,
* Cornelius Vanderbilt.

PATRONS

Oakes Ames,

* Mrs. Geo. Whitfield Collord,
* James M. Constable,

* Wm. E. Dodge,

Geo. J. Gould,

Miss Helen M. Gould,

Mrs. Esther Herrman,

* Deceased.

John S. Kennedy,

* Oswald Ottendorfer,
William Rockefeller,

* Wm. C. Schermerhorn,
Jas. A. Scrymser,

* Samuel Sloan,

Mrs. Antoinette Eno Wood.

(88 )

FELLows For Lire

James B. Ford,
Morris K. Jesup,
John Innes Kane,
Hon. Seth Low,
M. F. Plant,

Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes,
Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes,
Samuel Thorne,

Tiffany & Co.,

H. C. von Post.

Francis Lynde Stetson,

Lir—E MEMBERS

Edward D. Adams,

Dr. Felix Adler,

A. G. Agnew,

Mrs. James Herrman Aldrich,
Richard H. Allen,

Bernard G. Amend,

Constant A. Andrews,

J. Sherlock Andrews,

Samuel P. Avery, Jr.,
Samuel D. Babcock,
Geo. V. N. Baldwin,
Dr. John Hendley Barnhart,
Gustav Baumann,
Samuel R. Betts,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Miss Mary M. Billings,
Miss Catherine Bliss,

J. O. Bloss,

George Blumenthal,
George'C. Boldt,

G. F. Bonner,

Geo. S. Bowdoin,

J. Hull Browning,

Miss Matilda W. Bruce,
Joseph Bushnell,

T. Morris Carnegie,
Frank R. Chambers,
Hugh J. Chisholm,

Hugh J. Chisholm, Jr.,
E. Dwight Church,

Geo. C. Clark,

Banyer Clarkson,

Wm. F. Cochran,
William Colgate,

Miss Georgette T. A. Collier,
Mrs. William Combe,
W. E. Connor,

Theodore Cooper,

Zenas Crane,

R. N. Cranford,

Melville C. Day,

Mrs. John Ross Delafield,
Miss Julia L. Delafield,
Maturin L. Delafield, Jr.,
Anthony Dey,

W. B. Dickerman,
James Douglas,

Miss Josephine W. Drexel,
Miss Ethel DuBois,

Miss Katharine DuBois,
Wm. A. DuBois,

Geo. E. Dunscombe,
Thomas Dwyer,
Newbold Edgar,

George Ehret,

David L. Einstein,
Ambrose k. Ely,

Amos F. Eno,

Edward J. Farrell,

Mrs. H. J. Fisher,
Andrew Fletcher,

Chas. R. Flint,

Henry C. Frick,

Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs,
James J. Goodwin,
Daniel Guggenheimer,
Bernard G. Gunther,
Franklin L. Gunther,
Frederic R. Halsey,
Chas. J. Harrah,

Dr. Louis Haupt,

H. O. Havemeyer,

R. Somers Hayes,
james J. Higginson,
George B. Hopkins,
Samuel N. Hoyt,

Gen. Thos. H. Hubbard,
Archer M. Huntington,
Frank D. Hurtt,

James H. Hyde,

Mrs. Columbus O’D. Iselin,
Theo. F. Jackson,

Dr. Walter B. James,
Dr. E. G. Janeway,
Miss Annie B. Jennings,
Walter R. T. Jones,
Eugene Kelly, Jr.,
Nathaniel T. Kidder,
William M. Kingsland,
H.R. Kunhardt,

W. B. Kunhardt,
Charles Lanier,

W. V. Lawrence,
Meyer H. Lehman,
Mrs. Geo. Lewis,
Joseph Loth,

David Lydig,

C. W. McAlpin,

Guy R. McLane,

(89 )

Emerson McMillin,

Wm. H. Macy, Jr.,

Mrs. Wm. H. Macy, Jr.,

Alexander Maitland,

Dr. Francis H. Markoe,
ouis Marshall,

Edgar L. Marston,

Bradley Martin,

Dr. Geo. N. Miller,

A. G. Mills,

John G. Moore,

Hon. Levi P. Morton,

Sigmund Neustadt,

A. Lanfear Norrie,

Gordon Norrie,

Geo. M. Olcott,

Mrs. Chas. Tyler Olmstead,

Wm. Church Osborn,

Lowell M. Palmer,

Henry Parish,

Geo. Foster Peabody,

Wm. Hall Penfold,

Mrs. Henry C. Potter,
James Tolman Pyle,
M. Taylor Pyne,

Geo. W. Quintard,

J. C. Rodgers,

H. H. Rogers,

Jacob Rubino,
Thomas F. Ryan,
Wm. R. Sands,
Reginald H. Sayre,
Edward C. Schaefer,
Jacob H. Schiff,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
Grant B. Schley,
Mrs. I. Blair Scribner,
Isaac N. Seligman,

Geo. Sherman,
William D. Sloane,
James Speyer,

Anson Phelps Stokes,
Miss Ellen J. Stone,
Albert Tag,

Paul G. Thebaud,
Charles G. Thompson,
Robert M. Thompson,

Miss Phebe Anna Thorne,

William Thorne,
Wma. Stewart Tod,
Spencer Trask,

(90 )

Miss Anna Murray Vail,

F. T. Van Beuren,

Dr. Henry Freeman Walker,

F. N. Warburg,

John I. Waterbury,

Miss Emily A. Watson,
D. Webb,

Dr. W. Seward Webb,

Mrs. Joseph M. White,

John D. Wing,

Charles T. Yerkes,

Jeremiah L. Zabriskie.

FELLowsyip MEMBERS

George A. Archer,

Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson,
George Foster Peabody,

Geo. W. Perkins,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
Wm. D. Sloane.

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Miss Elizabeth Billings,

Temple Bowdoin,
Dr. N. L. Britton,
Miss Mary T. Bryce,
Mrs. William Bryce,
T. Morris Carnegie,
Chas. F. Cox,

D. Stuart Dodge,

John Greenough,
L. A. Heinsheimer,
O. H. Kahn,

Prof. Morris Loeb,

Dr. Robert Abbe,

David T. Abercrombie,

Fritz Achelis,
Ernest R. Ackerman,

Franklin B. Lord,

Rev. Haslett McKim,
Jacob Mahler,

Edgar L. Marston,
Arthur M. Mitchell,
Miss Eva V. C. Morris,
Quincy L. Morton,
Wm. Church Osborn,
Mrs. Edwin Parsons,
Miss Martha Potter,
Auguste Richard,

T. G. Sellew,

Rey. J. Henry Watson,
John T. Willets.

ANNUAL MEMBERS

Samuel Adams,

Dr. I. Adler,

Mrs. Cornelius R. Agnew,
Mrs. William Alexander,

John E. Alexandre,

Jj. H. Alexandre,
Robert F. Amend,

G. Amsinck,

John A. Amundson,
Ernest J. H. Amy,

A. J. C. Anderson,

J. M. Andreini,

A. B. Ansbacher,

John D. Archbold,
Francis J. Arend,
Reuben Arkush,

Mrs. H. O. Armour,
Dr. Edmund S. F. Arnold,
Col. John Jacob Astor,
Hugh D. Auchincloss,
John W. Auchincloss,
Pearce Bailey,

Miss Charlotte S. Baker,
Frederic Baker,

Geo. F. Baker,

Stephen Baker,
Frederick H. Baldwin,
Alwyn Ball, Jr.,

Mrs. Thos. R. Ball,
John S. Barnes,

Miss Mildred Barnes,
Miss Katharine Barney,
Wm. M. Barnum,
William Barr,

Geo. D. Barron,

Chas. Baskerville,

E. W. Bass,

Chas. Batchelor,

Mrs. N. E. Baylies,
Alfred N. Beadleston,
Wm. R. Beal,

Dr. C. Adelbert Becker,
Gerard Beekman,

M. H. Beers,

(91)

August Belmont,

James H. Benedict,

L. L. Benedict,

James Gordon Bennett,
Miss Mary Benson,

Chas. M. Bergstresser,
Gustav Bernheim,

Mrs. Adolph Bernheimer,

Philip Berolzheimer,
Edward J. Berwind,
G.N. Best,
Henry Beste,
Albert S. Bickmore,
Eugene P. Bicknell,
Mrs. Sylvan Bier,

rs. F. Norton Biggs,
L. Horatio Biglow,

James C. Bishop,

Mrs. D. C. Blair,

Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman,
Mrs. S. A. Blatchford,
Cornelius N. Bliss,
Ernest C. Bliss,

Miss S. D. Bliss,

Jno. H. Bloodgood,
Miss R. C. Boardman,
Mrs. Edward C. Bodman,
Henry W. Boettger,
Edward C. Bogert,
Frank S. Bond,

Mrs. Sydney C. Borg,
Frederick G. Bourne,
John M. Bowers,

James B. Brady,

E. T. Bragaw,

Miss Cornelia G. Brett,
Mrs. Benjamin Brewster,
Elbert A. Brinckerhoff,
John R. Brinley,

Chas. Astor Bristed,

Jno. I. D. Bristol,

Miss May C. Bristol,
Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton,
Mrs. Kate M. Brookfield,
Mrs. H. D. Brookman,
Edwin H. Brown,

Miss E. W. Brown,
John{Crosby Brown,

M. Bayard Brown,
RobertjI. Brown,
Vernon C. Brown,

W. P. Brown,

F. W. Bruggerhoff,

H. B. !Brundrett,
William Bryce, Jr.,

W. Buchanan,

Albert Buchman,
Edwin:M. Bulkley,

W. L. Bull,

H. C. Bumpus,

James A.‘ Burden, Jr.,
Edward G. Burgess,

Dr. Edward 8. Burgess,
Mrs. Edward M. Burghard,

Mrs. Wendell L. Bush.
Miss Helen C. Butler,
Mrs. P. H. Butler,
Win. H. Butler,

Mrs. Daniel Butterfield,
John L. Cadwalader,
H. A. Caesar,

Albert Calman,

Henry L. Calman,

(92 )
W. L. Cameron,
H. H. Cammann,
Henry L. Cammann,
Mrs. John Campbell,
Richard A. Canfield,
H. W. Cannon,
Mrs. Miles B. Carpenter,

John H. Caswell,

John R. Caswell,
Robert Caterson,

Miss Jennie R. Cathcart,
Prof. J. McK. Cattell,
Miss Maria Bowen Chapin,
Mrs. Geo. H. Chatillon,
J. E. Childs,

B. Ogden Chisolm,

Geo. E. Chisolm,

rs. Wm. E. Chisolm,

M

Theodore W. Church,
John Claflin,

George S. Clapp,

D. Crawford Clark,

Miss Emily Vernon Clark,
J. Mitchell Clark,

Thos. F. Clark,

W. A. Clark,

E. A. S. Clarke,

George C. Clausen,

Miss Mary F. Cockcroft,
Hon. W. Bourke Cockran,
Mrs. Ogden Codman,

C. A. Coffin,

Edmund Coffin,

E. W. Coggeshall,
N. A. Colburn,
Mrs. James B. Colgate,
R. R. Colgate,
Miss Ellen Collins,
Mrs. Minturn Post Collins,
Dr. Stacy Budd Collins,
Miss Mary Compton,
T. G. pas
Henry C.
Roland R. a klin,
Mrs. Lilian Gillette Cook,
Mrs. Austin Corbin,
C. R. Corning,
Mrs. Charles Henry Coster,
Miss Ellen H. Cotheal,
Winthrop Cowdin,

a OX,
Geo. F. Crane,
Jonathan H. Crane,
Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane,

Mrs. Agnes Huntington Cravath,

Dr. W. H. Crawford,

Frederic Cromwell,
James W. Cromwell,
Chas. H. Cronin,
Geo. W. Crossman,
Edwin A. Cruikshank,
Guy W. Culgin,
Chas. Curie,

Ellicott D. Curtis,

G. Warrington Curtis,
R. Fulton Cutting,
W. Bayard Cutting,
C. H. Dale,

Henry Daily,

Wm. B. Dana,

Mrs. Ira Davenport,

(93)

J. Clareuce Davies,
Julien T. Davies,
Wm. Gilbert Davies,
John H. Davis,
Clarence §. Day,
Mrs. Henry Mills Day,
E. J. de Coppet,
H. de Coppet,

Richard Deeves,
Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Courtenay De Kalb,
B. F. DeKlyn,
Eugene Delano,
Wm. C. Demorest,

ohn B. Dennis,
Charles de Rham,
Walter D. Despard,
Chas. D. Dickey,
Chas. C. Dickinson,
Geo. H. Diehl,
Chas. F. Dieterich,
Miss Josephine H. Dill,
Miss Mary A. Dill,
E. R. Dillingham,
Geo. E. Dimock,
Mrs. Henry F. Dimock,
Rev. Morgan Dix,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
Miss Grace H. Dodge,
Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge,
Peter Doelger,
L. F. Dommerich,
Chas. Donohue,
Henry Dorsher,

Mrs. George William Douglas,

Alfred Douglass,

Mrs. David Dows,

Tracy Dows,

B. Ferdinand Drakenfield,

Mrs. Henry Draper,
Isaac W. Drummond,
Matthew B. DuBois,
Ralph Wurts Dundas,
Dr. Carroll Dunham,
Dr. Edward K. Dunham,
Mrs. George H. Dunham,
E. B. Dunne,

J. B. Dutcher,

D. Edgar,

Miss Laura Jay Edwards,
O. Eggeling,

Edward Ehrlich,

Henry G. Eilshemius,
August Eimer,

Emanuel Einstein,
William Einstein,

Mrs. Matilda A. Elder,

John J. Emery,

C. Temple Emmet,
Robert Temple Emmet,
Robert Endicott,

?

Arthur F. Estabrook,
Louis Ettlinger,
Richard Evans,

A. W. Evarts,

H. C. Fahnestock,
Chas. V. Faile,
Chas. S. Fairchild,
Samuel W. Fairchild,

Walton Ferguson,

(94)

H. Fernstrom,

Pliny Fisk,

Harry Harkness Flagler,
Isaac D. Fletcher,

Miss Helena Flint,

A. R. Flower,

F. S. Flower,

Miss Mary A. Flower,
James D. Foot,

Scott Foster,

Werner V. Frankenberg,

Daniel B. Freedman,
Samson Fried,

A. S. Frissell,

E. A. Funke,

W. F. Gade,

Geo. F. Gantz,

John A. Garver,
Joseph E. Gay,

Mrs. James Gayley,
Frederick Gebhard,
Mrs. Walter Geer,
Thos. Ghee,

John J. Gibbons,

R. W. Gibson,

J. Waldron Gillespie,
Frederic N. Goddard,
Mrs. S. D. Godfrey,
Mrs. Edwin L. Godkin,
S. L. Goldenberg,
Chas. Gotthelf,

Chas. A. Gould,
Edwin Gould,

R. R. Govin,

Robert D. Graham,
Nelson Z. Graves,
John Clinton Gray,

Ernest F. Greeff,

Chas. E. Greenough,
Isaac J. Greenwood,
Rev. David H. Greer,
Edward C. Gregory,
Daniel J. Griffin,

Mrs. William P. Griffith,
E. Morgan Grinnell,

C. A. Griscom, Jr.,
William Guggenheim,
Fred. A. Guild,

W. C. Gulliver,

Miss Delia L. Gurnee,
W.S. Gurnee, Jr.,

Dr. Alexander Hadden,
John A. Hadden, Jr.,

Hon. Ernest Hall,
Wm. Halls, Jr.,

Miss Laura P. Halsted,
Wm. Hamann,

Miss Katherine L. Hamersley,

Louis Gordon Hamersley,
Miss Adelaide Hamilton,
Miss Elizabeth 5S. Hamilton,
Jas. B, Hammond,
Chas. T. Harbeck,
Anson W. Hard,
J. Montgomery Hare,
E. S. Harkness,
E. H. Harriman,
Oliver Harriman,
Miss Caroline Harriot,
. W. Harriot,
Alan C, Harris,
N. W. Harris,
William Hamilton Harris,
Archibald Harrison,

(95 )

Miss Rebecca Harvey,
Jacob Hasslacher,
Dr. Valery Havard,

J. Woodward Haven,
Matthew Hawe,

Miss Caroline C. Haynes,
Wim. W. Heaton,

John G. Heckscher,
Julius Heimann,

Arthur P. Heinze,
Clemens Heitemeyer,
Homer Heminway,
Chas. R. Henderson,
Chas. Henderson & Son,
E. C. Henderson,
Edmund Hendricks,
Francis Hendricks,
Harmon W. Hendricks,
Ferdinand Hermann,
Selmar Hess,

H. H. Hewitt,

Mrs. Sarah A. Hewitt,
Mrs, Daniel M. Hildreth,
George D. Hilyard,
Walter Hinchman,

Wm. K. Hinman,

Chas. S. Hirsch,

J. Oakley Hobby,

B. Hochschild,

~ ,
Mrs. Richard March Hoe,
Mrs. Robert Hoe,
John Swift Holbrook,
E. R. Holden,
Henry Holt,

Joseph Honig,
William W. Hoppin,
Frederick B. House,

Alfred W Hoyt,
Gerald L. Hoyt,

Alex. C. Humphreys,
Mrs. E. W. Humphreys,
Mrs. C. P. Huntington,
Adolph G. Hupfel,
Frank Hustace,

Kar! Hutter,

John S. Huyler,
Clarence M. Hyde,
Frederick E. Hyde, Jr.,
Henry Iden, Jr.,

Mrs. Samuel Inslee,
John B. Ireland,
Adrien Iselin, Jr.,

C. Oliver Iselin,

Miss Georgine Iselin,
William E. Iselin,
Samuel Isham,

Wm. B. Isham,

Wma. M. Ivins,

Frederic Wendell Jackson,

Dr. Abram Jacobi,

A. C. James,

Dr. Willis James,

Dr. Robert C. James,
E. C. Jameson,

Mrs. David R. Jacques,
O. G. Jennings,

Walter Jennings,

Mrs. Maria de W. Jesup,
Adrian H. Joline,
Dwight A. Jones,

Mrs. Townsend Jones,
Jos. L. Kahle,

(96)

Louis Kahn,

Miss Louise Langdon Kane,

Mrs. H. F. Kean,
Frank Browne Keech,

H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy,

Mrs. Elizabeth Kenyon,
David Keppel,
Rudolph Keppler,

Mrs. Catherine L. Kernochan,

John B. Kerr,

Geo. A. Kessler,
W. Keuffel,

Wm. Kevan,
Patrick Kiernan,

S. E. Kilner,

Alfred R. Kimball,
David H. King, Jr.,
Le Roy King,

M. K. King,
William F. King,
Gustave E. Kissel,
E. C. Klipstein,
Herman Knapp,
Roland F. Knoedler,
Chas. Kohlman,

H. C, Kudlick,
Julius G. Kugelman,
Percival Kiihne,
Adolf Kuttroff,
Wilham M. Laffan,
Walter Laidlaw,
Francis G. Landon,
Edward V. Z. Lane,
Woodbury Langdon,
Woodbury G. Langdon,
J. Langeloth,

Dr. G. Langmann,

Lewis H. Lapham,

M. J. Lavelle,

John Burling Lawrence,
Mrs. Lydia G. Lawrence,
Mrs. Samuel Lawrence,
J. D. Layng,

Miss Elizabeth Le Boutillier,
Charles N. Lee,

Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Mrs. Frederic S. Lee,
Marshall C. Lefferts,
Wa. H. Lefferts,
Emanuel Lehman,
James W. Lehmaier,
Lemcke & Buechner,
Edward A. Le Roy, Jr.,
Arthur L. Lesher,

Dr. A. Monae Lesser,
Wm. H. Leuppe,

Emil Levi,

Julius Levine,

Emanuel Levy,

Mrs. John V. B. Lewis,
Adolph Lewisohn,
Albert Lewisohn,

Miss Alice Lewisohn,
Philip Lewisohn,

O. B. Libbey,

Lowell Lincoln,
Frederick J. Lisman,
Wma. S. Livingston,
Wn. C. Lobenstine,

Mrs. Geo. de Forest Lord,
P. Lorillard, Jr.,

R. P. Lounsberry,

C. Adolphe Lowe,

Miss Carlotta R. Lowell,
Thomas Lowry,

(97)

Charles H. Ludington,
August Lueder,
Walther Luttgen,
Geo. L. McAlpin,
John J. McCook,
Mrs. W. H. McCord,
John A. McKim,
James McLean,

eo. R. MacDougall,
J. W. Mack,
Clarence H. Mackay,
Kenneth kK. Mackenzie,
Malcon MacMartin,

J. H. Maghee,

Pierre Mali,

Chas. Mallory,

Chas. E. Manierre,
Howard Mansfeld,
Miss Delia W. Marble,
Theophilus M. Marc,
Jacob Mark,

John Markle,

Dr. J. W. Markoe,
Henry 8. Marlor,

C. P. Marsh,

Chas. H. Marshall,
Edwin S. Marston,
Mrs. E. Howard Martin,
W.R. H. Martin,
Wm. V. Martin,
Francis Taylor Maxwell,
Robert Maxwell,
David Mayer,

Harry Mayer,
Effingham Maynard,
D. J. Mecbury,

Mrs. Emma Mehler,
Herman A. Metz,

Dr. Alfred Meyer,
Edwin O. Meyer,
Harry J. Meyer,

Geo. M. Miller,
Roswell Miller,

S. M. Milliken,

Peter Moller,

Alphonse Montant,
Chas. Arthur Moore, Jr.,
J. C. Moore,

Wm. H. Helme Moore,
Miss Annie T. Morgan,
Miss C. L. Morgan,

E. D. Morgan,

Geo. H. Morgan,

A. H. Morris,

A. Newbold Morris,
Mrs. A. Newbold Morris,
Mrs. Cora Morris,

Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris,
Henry Lewis Morris,
John Morris,

Louis R. Morris,

Fred. V. Morrison,
Geo. Austin Morrison,
C. W. Morse,

Richard Mortimer,
Henry C.

Carl] Muller,

John P. Munn,

Frank A. Munsey,

J. G. Myers,

Nathaniel Myers,
Edward MM. Neill.

A. G. Nesbit,

Miss Catherine A. Newbold,

Miss Edith Newbold,
Frederic R. Newbold,

(98 )

H. Victor Newcomb,
Zenas E. Newell,

Wm. Nilsson,

Geo. F. Norton,
Francis J. Oakes,
Adolph Obrig,

Adolph S. Ochs,
Robert C. Ogden,

E. E. Olcott,

Robert Olyphant,

Mrs. Emerson Opdycke,
Wm. 8S. Opdyke,

Mrs. Wm. Openhym,
William C. Orr,

Prof. Henry F. Osborne,
Augustus G. Paine,

S. S. Palmer,

Henry Parish, Jr.

Mrs. Henrietta M. Parker
James C. Parrish,
Henry V. A. Parsell,
Chas. W. Parsons,

T. W. Pearsall,
Mrs. Frederick Pearson,
Stephen H. P. Pell,
Geo. H. Penniman,
James D. Perkins,
Chas. J. Perry,
Chas. G. Peters,
Samuel T. Peters,
W.R. Peters,
Chas. Pfizer, Jr.,
Guy Phillips,

Lloyd Phoenix,
Phillips Phoenix,
Gottfried Piel,

Michael Piel,
Henry Clay Pierce,
Winslow S. Pierce,
Gifford Pinchot,

Albert Plant,

Hon. Thos. C. Platt,
Gilbert M. Plympton,
F. Poel,

H. F. Poggenburg,
Chas. Lane Poor,
Henry W. Poor,
Abram 5. Post,

H. A. V. Post,

C. A. Postley,

Miss Blanche Potter,
Frederick Potter,
De Veaux Powel,
Geo. W. Powers,
Geo. H. Proctor,
Chas. Pryer,

J. Harsen seas
Percy R. Pyn

Dr. Edward oe
Charles Raht,
Gustav Ramsperger,
Geo. Curtis Rand,

Edmund D. Randolph,

Geraldyn Redmond,
Henry S. Redmond,
Hon. Whitelaw Reid,
Geo. N. Reinhardt,
W.E. Reis,

E. B. Reynolds,

(99)

Miss Serena Rhinelander,

john L. Riker,

Samuel Riker,

Wm. Jj. Riker,

H. Dillon Ripley,

Dr. Wm. C. Rives,

Geo. I. Roberts,

Miss Mary M. Roberts,

Julius Robertson,

Andrew J. Robinson,

Henry J. Robinson,
ock,

Gen. Chas. F. Roe,

Allen M. Rogers,

Edward L. Rogers,

W. Emlen Roosevelt,

Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt,

Hon. Elihu Root,

E. V. W. Rossiter,

Jacob Rothschild,

Ludwig Rothschild,

Wm. Rothschild,

Geo. P. Rowell,

Carman R. Runyon,

Jacob Ruppert,

Edward Russ,

Mrs. A. D. Russell,

Arthur Ryle,

Clarence Sackett,

Mrs. Russell Sage,

Mrs. Edward C. Sampson,

Daniel C. Sands,

Miss G. W. Sargent,

Dr, A. T. Schauffler,

Carl Schefer,

Miss Mary E. Schell,

Mrs. H. M. Schieffelin,

Dr. Wm. J. Schieffelin,

Gustave Schirmer,

Rudolph E. Schirmer,

Henry W. Schloss,
Miss Jane E. Schmelzel,
D. Schnakenberg,
Chas. M. Schott, Jr.,
C. M. Schwab,
Henry F. Schwarz,
Geo. S. Scott,
Robert Scoville,
Arthur H. Scribner,
Edward M. Scudder,
Francis k. Seagrist,
Dr. Louis L. Seaman,
Charles E. Seitz,
Prof. Edwin R. A. Seligman,
George W. Seligman,
Jefferson Seligman,
E. W. Sells,
Alfred Seton,
Edward M. Shepard,
Arthur M. Sherwood,
Wm. Shillaber,
D. E. Sickles,
John W. Simpson,
John Sinclair,
Francis Louis Slade,
Albert K. Smiley,
Daniel Smiley,
Chas. F. Smillie,
Dr. A. Alexander Smith,
Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith,
ae Smith,

. Smith,
ae George W. Smith,
H. Sanborn Smith,
James R. Smith,
Sydney A. Smith,
Wm. Alex. Smith,
Samuel B. Snook,
E. G. Snow,
Isaac N. Solis,

( 100 )

Leopold Solomon,
. Stoltman,
Chas. Sooysmith,
Mrs. Charlotte Sorchan,
Frederick Southack,
W. M. Sperry,
I. M. Spiegelberg,
Paul N. Spofford,

Miss Anna Riker Sprin g,

J. R. Stanton,

James H. Stebbins,

Henry Steeger,

James R. Steers,

Chas. H. Steinway,

Wm. R. Steinway,

Olin J. Stephens,

Benjamin Stern,

Isaac Stern,

Louis Stern,

Alexander H. Stevens,

Frederic W. Stevens,

Dr. Geo. T. Stevens,

ea Stewart,
Wm. tewart,

Miss oe F. Stillman,

Dr. D. M. Stimson,

James Stokes,

Mason A. Stone,

Sumner R. Stone,

Miss Marie H. Story,

William Stratford,

Chas. Strauss,

Frederick Strauss,

F. K. Sturgis,

Mrs. F. K. Sturgis,

Edniund Sturzenegger,

Rutherford Stuyvesant,

Mrs. Geo. Such,

Mrs. James Sullivan,

Lionel Sutro,

Miss P. C. Swords,

Miss Mary Taber,
Edward N. Tailer,
James Talcott,

C. A. Tatum,

Miss Alexandrina Taylor,
George Taylor,

Henry R. Taylor,
Stevenson Taylor,

Nikola Tesla,
Thomas Thacher,
Ernst Thalmann,
Benjamin Thaw,
Geo. C. Thomas,
Seth E. Thomas,
David W. Thompson,
John C. Thompson,
L. S. Thompson,

Mrs. Samuel C. Thompson,
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson,

Jonathan Thorne,
Samuel Thorne, Jr.
W.V.S. Thorne,
C. C. Tiffany,
Louis C. Tiffany,
Frank Tilford,

William Tousey,

Miss Amy Townsend,
Mrs. Jane A. Townsend,
C. D. Tows,

J. Evarts Tracy,

Mrs. Mary S. Trimble,
Wm. Trotter,

Frederick K. Trowbridge,
Dr. Alfred Tuckerman,

(ror )

Paul Tuckerman,

Geo. E. Turnure,
Benjamin Tuska,

Mrs. Eliza L. D. Tysen,
E. S. Ullman,

Mrs. Lawsen Valentine,
Augustus Van Cortlandt,
Alfred G. Vanderbilt,
D. B. Van Emburgh,
E. H. Van Ingen,

W. Van Norden,
Edgar B. Van Winkle,
Robert A. Van Wyck,
Richard C. Veit,
Herman Vogel,

John Wagner,

Richard T. Wainwright,
Leopold Wallach,

Wm. ter,
Artemus Ward,

Wm. T. Wardwell,
John Hobart Warren,
Allan C. Washington,
E. H. Weatherbee,
Mrs. John A. Weekes,
Chas. Wehrhane,
Camille Weidenfeld,
Charles W. Wells,
Mrs. John Wells,

Mrs. Ada L. Westcott,
Geo. Westinghouse,

Dr. John McE. Whetmore,

Dr. Geo. G. Wheelock,
Dr. Wm. E. Wheelock,
Miss Caroline White,
Horace White,

John J. White, Jr.,
James Whiteley,

Miss Gertrude Whiting,
Giles Whiting,

Clarence Whitman,

Miss Margaret 5. Whitney,
Wm. Wicke,

Edward A. Wickes,

D. O. Wickham,

M. T. Wilbur,

Mrs. I. T. Williams,
Mrs. Percy H. Williams,
Richard H. Williams,

W. P. Willis,

Charles T. Wills,

George T. Wilson,

Henry R. Wilson,

Miss Margaret B. Wilson,
R. T. Wilson,

Egerton Winthrop,
Grenville L. Winthrop,
Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee,
Ernst G. W. Woerz,
Emil Wolff,

( 102 )

Lewis S. Wolff,
Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood,
Henry R. Wood,

Isidor Wormser,

P. B. Worrall,

Miss Julia Wray,
Mrs. J. Hood Wright,
A. Wurzburger,

Jno. J. Wysong,
Arthur G. Yates,
Edw. L. Young,
Andrew C. Zabriskie,
August Zinsser,
Charles Zoller,

O. F. Zollikoffer.

( 103 )

SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING 1907, UNDER
APPROPRIATIONS MADE BY THE
BOARD OF MANAGERS

1. City Maintenance AccouNT $75,000.00
Salaries

Appropriated ......... 62,399.67

Expended 62,399-67

Supplies and Repairs
Appropriated. .........cccce eee eceee ceceaeeeeeeeees 12,600.33
Expended by N. Y. Botanical Gar-

9,192.33
Expended through Park Dept.,
contract for coal 3,408.00 12,600.33

Total expended 75,000.00
2. CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT............ 23,792.83
Expended — Salaries and Labor 16,921.46
Expended — Sundry Expenses 6,871.37

Total Expended 23,792.83
3. GARDEN ACCOUNTS

Assistance for Treasurer
Appropriated 180.00
180.00

Circulars for ALembership
Appropriatéed sie eaiiy Mates ahs 200.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-

500.00 4700.00
Expended a 690.86
Balance 9-14

Contingent Fund

A ppropriated 1,500.00

Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-
nance gIo.00 2,410.00
Expended 2,405.64

Balance 4.36

( 104 )

Etditortal Assistance

Appropriated

Expended 660.00

Transferred to Museums and Herbarium 60.00
Expenses of Consulting Chemist

A

Expended

Exploration and Collecting
Appropriated 600.00
Transferred from Lectures and Lantern Slides.. 125.00
Transferred from Contribution to Maintenance. 830.00

Ex pended istics dvinhetuee ies aioeatlae Gaates

Balance..........

Contribution to Maintenance
A Sat,

Pproy oe
Expended — Labor 5.425.62
Expended — Supplies 2,184.18
Transferred to Conmeent Fund eescchatescsaces g10.00
Transferred to Horticultural Prizes............. 25.00
Transferred to Insurance 20.00
Transferred to Library 710.00
Transferred to Museums and Herbarium..... 750.00
Transferred to Purchase of Plants.............. 200.00
Transferred to Special Assistance 75.00
Transferred to Stable Equipment 250.00
Transferred to Exploration and Collecting... 830.00
Transferred to Lectures 410.00
Transferred to Photography ..................005 210.00
Transferred to Circulars for Ge ee 500.00

Resident ResearchS Pp 500.00
Balances iciacy teste cectinveeeels
Florticultural Prizes

A ppropriated v3.5 2iid dane A deekdaethae siege Shack 200.00

Refund on freight overpaid 6.09
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-

nance 25.00
Expended ="

Balance..... .....

720.00

720.00

300.00
300.00

1,555-00
1,551.60

3.40

13,000.00

231.09

224.00

og

( 105 )
Income of Lydig Fund (Publications)

A ppropriat 2,300.00

Subscriptions to North American Flora...... 684.75 2,984.75

Expended 2,893.81
Balance 7 90.94

Income of Stokes Fund (Preservation of Native Plants)

A ae ee |

pproy 200.00
Expended 200.00
Income of Students’ Research Fund
Appropriated. 200.00
Expended. 50.00

Balance 150.00
Insurance
A ppropriated visiissssivauteveisessenvinsunes eeeaaen 400.00
Transferred from Contribution to Maintenance 20.00 420.00
Expended 418.26
Balance 1.74
Investigations at Other Instttutions
Appropriated 150.00
FOX Penge ats secre cesincate se ecnys tance eacateceaee 110.85
Transferred to Purchase of Plants............... 35-00 145.85
Balance 4.15
Laboratories
: priated 800.00
Expended..... 642.80
Transferred to Photography...............06005- 100.00
Transferred to Purchase of Plants............. 55-00 797.80
Balances, iste ves sb ad eciewsennss 2.20
Lectures and Lantern Slides
Appropriated. 500.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-
nance 410.00 910.00
Expended . 781.11
Transferred to Exploration and Collecting... 125.00 906.11

Balance 3.89

( 106 )

Library
Appropriated. 1,000.00
Sale of duplicate books 5-00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-
nance........ 7 £0.00
Refunds — overcharges on expressage 1.56
FOXPONGE G iivies oh os ace te ves hss Saeed ements _
Balance..........0. cece ce ceeeeeees
Museum and Herbarium
ppropriated 2,000.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-
nance é 750.00
Transferred from Editorial Assistance 60.00
Refund — overcharge on expressage 38
EX Pended it ivietsyeccvuiieeet levees deay aves
Balance
Photography
Appropriated......... 200.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-
210.00
Transferred from Laboratories 100.00
Expended
Balance scicselscee Shee ee ia
Publications. (General Fund)
Appropriated... 500.00
Refunded on freight overpaid 2.76
Pix pended x5 aiiect eaten, Co nasteeenreaas cea ioaes
Balance
Purchase of Plants.
Appropriated .............0. ceceececeseeee ceceeeee 200.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-
nance 200.00
Transferred from visits to other Institutions 35.00

Transferred from Laboratories 55.00

2,810.35
2,809.16

1.22

( 107 )

Transferred from MResident Research

Scholarships .............cccceseeeeecee cece eeeaee 50.00
Transferred from Stable Equipment 37.50 577-50
Expended 569.14

Balance iiiccces. weoeratedindna es 8 36
Resident Research Scholarships

ppropriat 500.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-

nance 500.00 1,000.00
Expended 950.00
Transferred to Purchase of Plants............ 50.00 1,000.00

Secretary
A ppropriated 1,500.00
Expended 1,500.00
Special Assistance

ppropriated 400.00
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-

nance 75.00 475-00
Px pended ssc rctect ti aiectcuman ies cide auarecee es _ 465.00

Balance aii tRigsseiaeieias 10.00
Stable Equipment a
Transferred from Contribution to Mainte-

nance...... 250.00
Expended 212.50
Transferred to Purchase of Plants............ 37.50 250.00
Total Appropriated for Garden Accounts... 27,550.00
Subscriptions (Income of Lydig Fund)....... 684.75

ales 5.00
Refunds .... 10.79 28,250.54
Total Expended for Garden Accounts....... . 27,952.81

Balance 297-73

4. SpeciaL GARDEN ACCOUNTS
Conservatory Fund
Subscribed 1900 2,110.00
Subscribed 1901 25.00

Refund — Balance on draft ............ Sheets

Subscribed 1902

Refund — Unexpended Balance

Sale of duplicate
Sale of plants

palms
f

Sale of Palms 1904

Expended 1904

Balance

Subscribed 1901

Exploration Fund

efund — Balance on drafts

Subscribed 1902

Refund — Unexpended Balance

Subscribed 1903

efunds — Unexpended Balances

Subscribed 1904

Refunds — Unexpended Balances

Subscribed 1905

Sale of duplicate palms

Refunds — Part of Expenses — Exploration

to the Bahamas

Subscribed 1906

Subscribed 1907
R

erlunds

Expended rgor.
Expended 1902
Expended 1903

Expended 1904
Expended 1905

Expended 1906
Expended 1907

Balance

2,050.00
87-59
2,130.00
180.56
1,565.00
275.11
3,183.45
110.50
2,575.00

100.00

125.00
1,050.00
2,510.00

529.84

“2,130.95
1,258.32

2,274.84

3149-52

3,120.14
28.38

16,472.05

159453°73
1,018.32

( 109 )
Museum and Herbarium Fund

Subscribed 1go1 1,800.00
Subscribed 1902 655.00
Refund (advance charges on specimens
account of R. S. Williams)...... ........... 131.09
Subscribed 1903 1,405.00
Sale of specimens ... 29.50
Subscribed 1904 100.00
Subscribed 1906 2,550.00 6,670.59
Expended 1901 ......... 1,546.19
Expended 1902 1,024.96
Expended 1903 1,437.63
Expended 1904. 100.00
Expended 1906 2,224.57
Expended 1907 250.00 6,583.35
Balance 87.24

Special Book Fund

Subscribed 1899 4,950.00
Subscribed 1901 1,825.00
Subscribed 1902 2,265.00
Subscribed 190 1,315.00
Special Contribution from Mr. Andrew

Carnegie 1,997.58
Sale of Books 59.60
Refunded — Balance on drafts 20.93
Subscribed 1904 1,540.00
Sale of Duplicate Books 15.15
Subscribed 1905. .......... 2,175.00
Sale of Duplicate Books 25.50
Subscribed 1906.............cececeecee eenceceeeees 310.00
Subscribed 1907 100.00 16,599.06
Expended 1899 1,916.65
Expended 1900 25395.28
Expended 1go1 2,463.02
Expended 1902 2,256.25
Expended 1903 :cc..5.4ectsteediasaradecsddees tees oc 35397-75
Expended 1904 1,03 1.92

Expended 1905. 2,178.99

(110)

Expended 1906..........cccccececseeeeceeee cee veees 748.29

Expended 1907.......... 195.28 16,583.43
Balancé.ieeeiscscwievee sete case e 8 15.63

Zotal expended from Funds of the Garden... 30,672.93

WALTER S. GROESBECK,
Accountant.

E. & O. E.
NEw YORE, January 13, 1908,

(111)

REPORT OF THE TREASURER
New York, January 13, 1908.
To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York Boran-
ICAL GARDEN:
Gentlemen: Herewith I submit a statement of my receipts
and disbursements during the year 1907, and a balance sheet
from my ledger as of December 31, 1907.

Respectfully yours,
C. F. Cox,
Treasurer.
Receipts
Balance as per last Annual Report...... $ 14,536.10
Contributions of the City towards De-
velopment and Maintenance ........ 92,720.87

Income from Investments :
5 per cent. on $50,000 Southern
Railway Co. First Consolidated
Mtge. Bonds 2,500.00
4% per cent. on $50,000 Ches. &
Ohio R. R. Co. Genl. Mtge.

Bonds 2,250.00
4 per cent. on $50,000 Erie R. R.

Co. Prior Lien Bonds.............. 2,000.00
4 per cent. on $59,000 Erie R. R.

Co. Penn. Collat. Trust Bonds... 2,360.00

4 per cent. on $50,000 Reading R.

R. Co., Jersey Central Collat.

Trust Bonds. 2,000.00

per cent. on $24,000 Northern

Pacific R. R. Co. St. Paul & Du-

luth Division Bonds 960.00
4 per cent. on $30,000 Northern

Pacific-Gt. Northern, C. B. & Q.

Collat. Trust Bonds 1,200.00 13,270.00
Annual Dues 8,830.00
Interest at 3 per cent. on balances on de-

posit with J. P. Morgan & Company 368.07

aN

(112)

Proceeds sales of Merchandise............
Proceeds sales of Publications
Life Membership Fees

Sustaining Members Fees..............-.+-

Tuition Fees credited to Students’ Re-
search Fund

Subscriptions to ‘¢ North American
Flora” credited to Income of David
Lydig Fund

Contributions to Special Book Fund.....

Contributions to Exploration Fund.......

Contributions to Endowment Fund......

Disbursements

Expenses paid through Dinector in-Chief

On General account for vouchers

paid
ee

Purchase of Collection of Lichens, ac-
count Museum and Herbarium Fund...

Expenses Lectures on Preservation of
Native Flora, account income of Stokes
Fund

Books, account Special Book Fund......

Specimens, etc., account Exploration

Fund
Publications, account income of David
Leydig’ Fund ess s.asessaeccagaiswsenaiaesiens
Income of Students’ Research Fund —
Aes tee oceans
Balance, Cash in hands of Treas-
UC eit erase veers ea eee de

$1351624.37

92,720.87

22,645.68

$115,366.55

250.00

100.00 122,893.12

$ 12,731.25

LepGER BaLancrs, DECEMBER 31, 1907

Credit
Permanent Funds:

Fellowship Fees

$271,160.00

11,000.00

Life Membership Fees ................. 19,000.00
Students’ Research Fund ............. 2,679.50
David Lydig Fund— Bequest of

Chas. P. Daly 34,149.86
Stokes Fund 3,000.00

Temporary Funds:

Special Book Fund, for Library..... 15.63
Conservatory Fund, for Plants...... 28.38
Exploration Fund 124.37
Museum and Herbarium Fund, for

Specimens ........... ceeeeeeee eens 87.24
Income Students’ Research Fund... 234.83

‘¢ Stokes Fund

Debit

Investments:

Net Cost of $30,000 Ches. &
Ohio Ry. Co. Genl. Mtge.
Bonds

Consol. Mtge. Bonds ........

$59,000 Erie R. R. Penn. Coll.
Trust Bonds

$50,000 Reading R. R. Co. f
Jersey Cent. Coll. Trust
Bonds

$24,000 N. Pacific R. R. Co.
St. Paul & Duluth Div.

Bonds

eeeeae

$30,000 N. Pacific-Gt. North-
ern C. B. & Q. Coll. Tr.

Director-in-Chief, Working Fund...
General Income Account, Balance
borrowed from Permanent Funds.

159-13 $341,638.94

$302.611.68

25 000.00

371-57

Income David Lydig Fund, Balance

borrowed from Permanent Funds.
Cash in hands of Treasurer.....

924.44

12,

$341,638.94 $341,638.94

(114)

No. 66 Broapway
ae York, January zoth, 1908.
James A. ScrymsEr, Esqu
oS of the Finance Committe,
w York Botanical Garde
eee York City

DrrEcTor- -In-CulEF’s ACCOUNT FOR 1907.

: This is to certify that I have by your ee vars
and pied the financial books and accounts of t rector-in-
Chief of the New York Botanical Garden for the ee nineteen
hundred and seven (1907) and that I find the same to be correct
and the Cash Balance to be as stated in the Current Cash Book.

city authorities and you having decided in 1904 that a further ex-
amination of them by me was unnecessary.

I have lea also, a detailed examination of the Annual Mem-
bership Dues Account, as per like instructions in 1904 hese
dues are fed y the Director-in-Chief and forwarded by him
to the Treasurer, the former keeping a detailed record of the same.

Respectfully submitted,
ned) J. L. Merrixt,
Spectal Auditor.

No. 66 Broapway,
ee York, January 30th, 1908.
James A. ScryMser, Esquir
Chairman of the Finance Commit,
New York Botanical Garde
New York City
TREASURER’ s ACCOUNT FOR 1907.

: This is to certify that I have, by vour direction, examined
the books and accounts of the Treasurer of the New York Botanical

the Treasurer’s Statement of Receipts and Disbursements, attached
hereto, to be correct.
have, also, examined the various Investment Securities and find
the same to be as reported in the said Balance Sheet.
Respectfully submitted,
(signed) }. L. MERRILL,
Special Auditor.

VOL. G No. 20

BULLETIN

or

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN

{ISSUED MARCH 28, 1909]

CONTENTS:

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DriRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR

THE YEAR 1908, : : 5 :
Report of the Assistant Diveews

Report of the Head Curator of the Miceaus ana Hesatun
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic Collec-

tion,
Report of the Dies of the Papen:
Report of the Librarian, : . . . .
Report of the Head Gardener, : . :

Report of the Superintendent of Gras
SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING 1908, : .
REPORT OF THE CoMMITTEE ON Patrons, FELLOWS,

MEMBERS, : ; ; é

.

REPORT OF THE Pena twen,

AND

BULLETIN
The New York BotanicalGarden

Vol. 6. No. 20.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-
IN-CHIEF FOR THE YEAR 1908

(Presented and accepted January 11, 1909)

To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York Bo-

TANICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: T have the honor to submit herewith my report
as Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the year ending Janu-
ary II, 1909:

The development of all departments of the Garden has
made noteworthy progress during the past year. Much addi-
tional land has been improved by grading, by the construction
of additional roads and paths, and by sowing and planting,
by means of a city appropriation of $25,000, partly expended.
A portion of the second range of public conservatories and
the boiler house necessary for them have been completed, by
means of a former city appropriation. A commencement in
fencing the Garden has been made by the construction of a
stone and iron fence along the southwestern boundary. The
collections of living plants, of museum and herbarium speci-
mens, and of books, have been much increased, mainly by
gifts and by the work of expeditions sent into tropical
America. The collections of living plants, both in the
grounds and greenhouses, have been more completely
labeled, and much additional labeling has been accom-
plished on the museum collections. The educational work
of the institution, as respects the visiting public, pupils from
the public schools, and special students, has been continued.
The number of visitors has been greater than during any

(115)

(116)

previous year. The permanent funds of the Garden have
received only slight additions, but a legacy from the estate of
the late William R. Sands, payable during the present year,
will add $10,000. Pursuant to authority given the Scientific
Directors at the last annual meeting, a sum of $10,000 has
been raised by subscription and applied to the increase of
the collections, through purchases and exploration and col-
lecting. The total value of gifts of living plants, specimens
and books aggregates about $1,286; these gifts have been
recorded in the monthly JouRNAL. ‘The maintenance of the
Garden has been accomplished by the expenditure of the city
appropriation of $75,000, supplemented by a special appro-
priation of $15,000 made by the Board of Managers for this
purpose at the last annual meeting. The necessity for making
this appropriation seriously curtailed the development of
educational work and limited the increase of the collections.

The total membership of the Garden is now 1,116, a
decrease of about 46 from 1904.

Grading and Drainage

Excavation of earth and rock at the rear of the museum
building, in order to bring the surface at that point to the
contours contemplated by the general plan of development,
has been continued at intervals, and several thousand cubic
yards of material have been removed, and all utilized in
filling swampy ground and in the foundations of roads and
paths in the northern and eastern parts of the Garden. In
the spring somewhat more than half an acre of land at the
rear of this building was covered with topsoil brought from
the lines of new roads and paths on the eastern side of the
grounds and the area was sown with grass seed, after grow-
ing acrop of crimson clover on it during the season. An equal
or greater area here may be brought into lawn during the
next year, inasmuch as the excavation of rock is going
forward during the winter.

The surroundings of the new boiler house and green-
houses on the eastern side of the Garden have been partially

(117)

graded and work is still in progress at that point, and much
grading was done along the road and path approaches to
these buildings. Owing to the necessity of providing a
drain running under the floor of the cellar at the new green-
houses a very deep excavation had to be made for about 500
feet; inasmuch as this drain had to underlie not alone the
cellar of the greenhouses constructed during the year, but
also under the extension of these houses planned for future
construction, the cellar for the greenhouses still to be con-
structed was partially excavated, in order to save moving
the same earth twice, and this surplus earth was used in
grading along the river road where it was needed to complete
the banks.

A strip of land about 2,000 feet long and averaging 10
feet wide along the new fence at the southern boundary, was
graded and prepared for planting after the fence was con-
structed.

Much grading has also been done along the driveway at
present under construction, leading from the plaza near the
stable to the southeastern corner of the Garden. Minor grad-
ing operations have included the surfacing of banks and other
small areas in various parts of the grounds uncompleted dur-
ing previous years.

During the grading operations on the eastern side of the
grounds a large amount of drain pipe has been laid and many
additional catch basins built. The construction of the new
fence on the southwestern boundary made it necessary to
build a new drainage connection with a comfort station near
the end of the elevated railroad approach, for a distance of
about 200 feet, and also to make a new steam connection for
this building with power house no. 1. The same trench was
used for both the new drain pipe and the new steam pipe con-
uit.

A long stretch of marshy ground at the foot of the bank at
the eastern side of the fruticetum plain and west of the Bronx
River, has been filled by cinders from the power house, and
thus prepared for the building of a path, and cinders have

(118)

also been used for filling in swampy grounds where paths
are to be built at the northern end of the Garden. Cinders
were also used for the foundations of the sidewalks on the
Long Bridge over the Bronx River. No material for filling
has been brought from without the Garden during the year,
and it now appears that the intent of the original plan of de-
velopment that the material to be excavated would about equal
the necessary filling, would be quite accurately carried out.
This adjustment of material has doubtless saved the expendi-
ture of many thousands of dollars. Some outside material
was obtained in the early years of development, free of charge.

Construction of Roads and Paths

Proceeding parallel with the grading work, great progress
has been made in the construction of additional driveways
and walks on the eastern side of the grounds, the surplus
rock being used for foundations, and the trap rock needed
for surfacing being supplied through contracts awarded by the
Department of Parks, a steam roller of the Department being
used to finish the road surfaces. The approach to conser-
vatory range no. 2, about 900 feet long and 30 feet wide,
has been essentially completed, requiring only a little rolling
in the spring. The remaining portion of the main driveway,
extending from the plaza near the stable to the southeastern
corner of the grounds, has been partially constructed, the
necessary grading having been nearly all done and about
400 feet prepared for final rolling; rock for the Telford
foundation of the remainder is being carted there from behind
the museum building during the winter. The completion of
this stretch of about 1,600 feet will finish all driveways planned
for the Garden, and if work progresses favorably, it should
be ready for use by midsummer.

Paths connecting the eastern ends of the Boulder Bridge
and of the Long Bridge across the Bronx River, with public
conservatory range no. 2, have been completed in a manner
similar to the development of the driveways. A path near
the north side of the upper lake, unfinished last year, was also

(119)

completed. In the north meadows the foundations for paths
approaching the Upper Bridge were made with surplus rock,
and minor portions of paths to connect work previously ac-
complished were built at several points. The total length of
paths completed during the year is about 2,200 feet.

Bridges

The three driveway bridges and the Boulder Bridge for
pedestrians, built in previous years, have required no repairs,
and are in good order.

The bridge planned by the Park Department to replace
the present wooden foot bridge south of the waterfall near
the Lorillard Mansion, referred to in my last annual report,
has not yet been built, although plans for it have been
approved by the Department, by the Board of Managers of
the Garden, and by the Municipal Art Commission, and
an appropriation voted by the Board of Estimate and
Apportionment two years ago is available for its con-
struction, which will probably be accomplished during the
present year. It is necessary that this work should be done,
owing to the present wooden bridge being altogether too
small for the visiting crowds in summer and suspicions of its
safety have been entertained. As planned, the new bridge
will enable visitors to cross the gorge of the Bronx at amuch
higher level than the present bridge occupies and thus avoid
descending a somewhat dangerous slope.

Water Supply

No extension of the water supply was made during the
year, but by means of a city appropriation for construction a
contract for 2,000 feet of six-inch water main was awarded
by the Department of Parks in the autumn, and it is expected
that this order will be filled within a short time, thus enabling
us to nearly complete the six-inch water main system as
planned through the western part of the Garden, and it is
hoped that an additional amount may be obtained during the
year so as to complete the system east of the Bronx River.
This six-inch water main, as laid and planned, will ultimately

(120)

supply water immediately alongside nearly the entire drive-
way system of the Garden, and will be provided with hose-
taps at intervals of about 150 feet, thus enabling the watering
of the driveways by hoses instead of by watering carts, as
referred to in my last annual report.

Buildings

The contracts for the construction of part of public con-
servatory range no. 2 and for its boiler house referred to
in my last annual report were completed late in the season,
except for certain minor defects which are being corrected
by Kelly & Kelley, the contractors. The completion of these
buildings was so long delayed that it will not be practicable
to use them until spring. The contractors met with unfore-
seen difficulty from ground water, and were otherwise em-
barrassed. It is now intended to move collections of plants
from conservatory range no. 1 and from the propagating
houses into the new greenhouses in April and May. These
new buildings have been well constructed and will doubtless
be satisfactory. The completion of this conservatory range
no. 2 may go forward when funds are avaiiable; sufficient
additional greenhouse space is now provided to relieve the
crowded condition of conservatory range no. I.

The older buildings have been kept in repair, somewhat
increased expenditure of money having been necessary for
such work than during previous years. The roof of the
museum building developed a number of leaks and it was
found necessary to relay large areas of the roof tiles, and a
similar defect was thus corrected on the roof of power house
no. 1. The exterior of conservatory range no. 1 was painted
throughout during the year and repairs to the glazing were
accomplished at the same time. This great area of glass is
standing the weather very well; it will be necessary to paint
the entire interior of this structure during the coming year.

Detailed accounts of the maintenance and repairs of
buildings will be found in the reports of the Assistant Director
and of the Superintendent of Grounds, hereto appended.

(122)

Boundary Fences

A contract of the Department of Parks with Guidone &
Gallardi for the construction of a boundary wall and fence
along the property line of Fordham University, referred to
in my last annual report, was satisfactorily completed in the
summer. After consultation with officials of the New York
Central and Hudson River Railroad Company relative to the
western boundary of the Garden, adjoining the right-of-way
of that corporation, plans were approved by them, by the
Board of Managers of the Garden, and by the Commissioner
of Parks for the Borough of the Bronx, contemplating the
construction of an iron and concrete fence along this entire
boundary, except where it is broken by driveway entrances,
and by the railroad station; the plans also include provision
for the construction of an underground conduit, partly on
Garden land and partly on land of the railroad company, to
contain all telegraph and telephone wires now strung on poles
along this line, the entire expense to be borne by the railroad
company on condition that it be granted the use of a strip of
land two feet wide extending from the Bedford Park Boulevard
bridge about 600 feet south to the elevated railway station.
The officials of the railroad company are now seeking to
obtain the necessary authority from the city for such use of
this two-foot strip of land.

A rustic fence of red cedar was constructed during the
summer along the southern boundary of the Garden from the
herbaceous grounds eastward to the Bronx Park entrance.

Telephone Service

All the buildings of the Garden are now connected by
underground telephone cables, and in accordance with the
recommendation in my last annual report, steps have been
taken to establish a central booth in the museum building for
both this Garden service and for the local and long distance
telephone. Two extension stations were established in the
museum building late in the year, one on the upper floor and
one in the administration office.

(122)

Plants and Planting

Planting, in accordance with the general plan of develop-
ment, has been continued as rapidly as the grading operations
have been finished in various parts of the grounds, much
having been accomplished during the past autumn. This
has included additions to the herbaceous garden, the eco-
nomic garden, the ornamental flower gardens, the fruticetum,
the arboretum and the pinetum, and also the planting of many
trees and shrubs along the driveways and paths and in the
boundary borders. A new boundary border was formed
along the new fence from the elevated railway approach
eastward to the Southern Boulevard, and preparation was
made for planting an additional herbaceous border at the
elevated railway station.

The labeling of the plants, both in the out-door collections
and in the public conservatories, has made very salisfactory
progress, about 4,700 new labels having been prepared, as
appears from the report of the Head Gardener, herewith sub-
mitted, and to which reference is made for further details of
the work of his department.

Contributions of money for the purchase of plants, credited
to the ‘* Conservatory Fund,” have been received during the
year as follows:

John D. Archbold $100
H. C. Fahnestock 100
C. N. Bliss 50
Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman ....... 10

Hemlock Grove

I have not carried out the recommendation made in my last
annual report that the trails and paths in the hemlock grove
be fenced, in order to restrict visitors to well defined lines of
travel, owing to the objection which properly exists to any
construction which might detract from the natural beauty of
this woodland. Large printed notices were placed at the en-
trances to the grove requesting visitors to keep to the paths
and trails and not to injure the trees in any way, and these

(123)

have doubtless had some effect in preventing indiscriminate
tramping through the woods, and, as far as our available
force of guards has permitted, visitors have been instructed to
keep on the paths. The difficulty of the situation lies in the
fact that altogether too many trails have been worn in various
parts of the woodland, and in the fact that no reasonable
number of guards can possibly control forty or fifty acres of
woodland when crowded with people on a Sunday in summer.
It is now proposed, as an experiment, to fence off the ends of
many of these unnecessary trails. After such trails have
grown up again the fencing may be removed. Practically
all the chestnut trees within the hemlock grove have been
kiled by the chestnut fungus and many of these trees were cut
out during the late winter of last year, but some still remain,
and it is proposed to take these down this winter, in accord-
ance with the agreement between the Garden and the Park
Department, which requires that the cutting out of any trees
within the grove shall be under the observation of a Park
Department official detailed for this duty.

Museums

A great many specimens have been added to the public
museums during the year, principally by interpolation, in
order to more completely illustrate the families of plants and
the groups of plant products. This has necessitated the rear-
rangement of several cases in the economic museum. All
specimens have been carefully examined from time to time
in order to detect any deterioration from insect depredations,
but no serious difficulty has been encountered, as all speci-
mens have been thoroughly poisoned before being put in
place. The museum of fossil plants, on the basement floor,
was greatly enlarged by the filling of six new floor cases, and
the illustration of plant remains thus expanded is now one of
the most complete in existence.

The Scientific Directors have approved the construction of
certain models of flowers and fruits for use to further illustrate
the features of families of plants in the systematic museum.

(124)

These models, prepared by Miss Katherine E. French, are
very accurate and very beautiful; a series of them would be
of high educational value, and it is hoped that funds may be
secured which will enable the Scientific Directors to obtain a
large number.

The labeling of the specimens in the museum has pro-
ceeded with their installation and, with the exception of some
portions of the fossil plant collections, nearly all specimens
are now provided with printed labels.

For detailed accounts of work in this department, reference
is made to the report of the Head Curator of the Museums
and Herbarium and to that of the Honorary Curator of the
Economic Collections, hereto appended.

Herbarium

This important scientific collection of dried specimens has
been increased during the year by about 56,000 specimens,
the largest single accession being the herbarium formed by
the late Dr. Otto Kuntze, which was purchased for the Gar-
den by means of money contributed by Mr. Andrew Carne-
gie. The curators continuously studied this collection and
others, and much progress has been made in the determina-
tion of specimens hitherto unnamed: they have also done a
great deal of work in rearranging the herbarium and making
it more readily available for reference. Addtional data con-
cerning the herbarium will be found in the report of the
Head Curator.

Contributions of money to the special fund for scientific
and educational work have been received as follows, and ex-
pended for the purchase of specimens:

Contributions of money to the Special Fund for scientific
and educational work have been received as follows, and
expended for the purchase of specimens.

Andrew Carnegie.. $1,000
James A. Scrymser......... 0.6 ec eeceeecece eee een ees 100
Edward V. Z. Lane... 0... ccc ces cceceeaaseceeeenens 100

Mrs. Henry C. Potter 100

De Oe Palmer yisiis ise wt cgeneh ceeded 50
Cleveland H. Dodge.......ccccccccececee ceases veeeees 50
Mrs. David Dows 50
Samuel R. Betts 50
Samuel P. Avery 25
Benj. F. Deklyn ...........5, 25
Mrs. Henry Draper. 25
Library

During the year 490 volumes and 572 pamphlets were
added by purchase and received by gift, together with a
large number of volumes and parts received in exchange for
our publications from other institutions. A complete list of
the institutions with which the Garden is in exchange for
publications will be found in the report of the Librarian,
hereto appended. A count of the books on the shelves made
January 9, 1909, shows that this collection now consists of
21,230 volumes. The purchase of the older literature of
botany, systematically begun three years ago, has been con-
tinued, and many gaps have been filled. In order to secure
additional works which are continually becoming rarer, I
propose to send our Librarian, Dr. John H. Barnhart, to
Europe during the summer, for the purpose of visiting a
considerable number of bookdealers and selecting from their
stock such works as we most need, instead of selecting from
the catalogues submitted by bookdealers as we have hitherto
done in building up this collection. The books purchased
during the year were nearly all obtained by the expenditure
of sums contributed by friends of the Garden to the special
fund for the increase of the collections, a total of $3,130
having been credited to the purchase of books, but not com-
pletely expended. I submit herewith a list of contributors
and the amounts given by them.

John Innes Kane... $500
James B. Ford 250
Geo. S. Bowdoin 200
Francis Lynde Stetson 100

Edward S. Harkness 100

(126)

Miss Elizabeth Billings

Chas. G. Thornpson

ae E. Parsons

. L. Terrell

a Richard M. Hoe

James Douglas

Mrs. Auguste Richard

urroughs
o

Addison Brown

C. F. Cox

E. Thalman

August Belmont
A

Z
Mrs. Morris K. Jesup

Mrs. William H. Bliss

Mrs. I. T. Williams

Anthony Dey

Adrian H. Joline.
L. A. Heinshei

james J. Higginson

Geo. D. Barron

Woodbury G. Langdon

Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton

Mrs. John ¢ Campbell

Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton

Miss Caroline C. Haynes

E. J. de Coppet

Alfred Tuckerman

Wm. Alex. Smith

James R. Steers

C. Temple Emmet

D. W. Thompson

Wm. H. Fischer

25

N
wr Gt

mom th oh ote
Ow Ur Ut

ome)

Mrs. Miles B. Carpenter..
Frederick Strauss

Theo. F. Jackson

L. F. Dommerick

Mrs. Samuel A. Blatchford

M. D. Howell
David Lydig.. .........
Nilsson

August Eimer

Louis Haupt

Edward Russ

Mrs. Geo. W. Smith

John H. Bloodgood
Miss Caroline Harriot

Robt. S. Woodward

E. S. Ullman

C. R. Corning

Chas. Zoller

Jonathan Thome..........
C. Zeitz

Mrs. M. Story

Henry J. Robinson

Mrs. C. H. Coster

Mrs. James H. Aldrich

Ludwig Rothschild

Jno. I. D. Bristol
A

Roland T. Knoedler
J. Clarence Davies

Mrs. Wm. M. Kingsland

(128)

Robert C. Ogden 10
Won D: EEWS ss tb ass occas hea seein iad ef eodelen 10
F. Ambrose Clark Io
Mrs. Robert E. Westcott 10.
K. K. Mackenzie 10
Miss Emily Redmond. be)
J. C. Havemeyer......... IO
j- Sherlock Andrews 10
E. A. S. Clarke 10
R. R. Govin 10
Mrs. Wm. Combe fe)
G. W. Curtis 10
Henry Iden....... ..cececcceeete cere ee eens nenenee aaeeeeee one 10
C. W. McAlpin ooo... eee ee fe)
Mrs. Re Bs Dulaaatiintveckie adele Abies ie dans 10
Frederic W. Stevens 10
Olin J. Stephens 5
H.C. Bumpus 5
Mrs. Chas. A. Macy, Jr 5
Julius Heiman 5

Pe CAG LCH oo orcscenitriewacetiwaieoutsiersiawaaeeiae aoueen 5
C.D, Blauvel tcc zcyrossseant otis tus eadianeiaoweneet 5
Wn. R. Steinway 5
Benj. Thaw 5
I. Adler 5
H. Fernstrom 5
Mrs James Sullivan 5
John B. Lawrence...... 5
Edward N. Tailer.. 5

The cases already constructed in the library room have
provided enough space for shelving the accessions of the
year, but additional provision needs now to be made for the
growth of the library, and the room west of the library read-
ing room, formerly used as a laboratory, has been emptied
and prepared for additional steel bookcases; one bookcase
has been ordered and is expected to be constructed during
January.

Dr. John H. Barnhart, Librarian, was ill with typhoid
fever during the latter part of the year and has been obliged

(129 )

to be away on leave of absence for several months. It is
with great pleasure that I report that his complete recovery
now seems to be assured, and we expect him to return to his
duties early in the spring.

Laboratories

The work carried on in the laboratory room just west of the
library, now devoted to library extension, has been trans-
ferred to other rooms in the laboratory system. Special
investigations by many students have been carried on in this
department during the season, as outlined in the report of
the Director of the Laboratories, hereto appended. No note-
worthy modifications in the equipment have been found
necessary.

Dr. C. S. Gager, Director of the Laboratories during the
earlier part of the year, resigned in August to accept the
position of Professor of Botany in the State University of
Missouri, and Mr. Fred. J. Seaver, a former student at the
Garden, was called from the Agricultural College of North
Dakota to fill this position; his specialty is vegetable path-
ology, especially as regards fungus parasites, and this knowl-
edge will be of great advantage to the Garden in its relation
to the collections of living plants.

The tropical laboratory of the Garden at Cinchona,
Jamaica, maintained in codperation with the Department of
Agriculture of that island, has been occupied during the
autumn by Miss Alexandrina Taylor, who proposes to
remain there for about a year. Miss Taylor is engaged in
a study of the life history of certain tropical ferns, which can
only be satisfactorily carried out under such conditions as
Cinchona affords. Several other students have made appli-
cation for the privilege of working at Cinchona during 1909.
The buildings are in capital condition, and a residence there
in the salubrious climate of West Indian mountains at an alti-
tude of 5,000 feet, is a most delightful experience, it being
practically in a subtemperate climate with a tropical flora of
great variety.

(430)
Lectures and Demonstrations

Public lectures have been delivered in the lecture hall of
the museum building, as in previous years, on Saturday
afternoons during the spring and autumn; the audiences
have been appreciative and somewhat larger than ever before.
The number of lectures has not been increased, although, as
suggested in my last annual report, an experiment of deliver-
ing them on Saturday afternoons throughout the summer
might be worth making.

Lectures and demonstrations to children and teachers of
public schools of the Borough of the Bronx were given, both
in the spring and in the autumn, the total attendance having
been over 20,000.

A detailed report on lectures and demonstrations and an
account of meetings held at the Garden during the year will
be found in the report of the Assistant Director hereto
appended.

Guides and Guide-Books

The system of detailing aids and assistants for the personal
guidance of visitors applying for such assistance has been
continued, and this arrangement of personally conducting
visitors through the grounds and buildings has been highly
appreciated by those who have taken advantage of it. No
change has been made in the plan of visits, a different part
of the Garden being selected for each afternoon in the week,
except Sundays, leaving the front door of the museum
building at three o’clock.

The edition of the guide-book issued late in 1907 has
sufficed, but a new edition will evidently be needed during
the year, and as many changes have been made, and all
departments of the Garden considerably developed since that
time, a second edition becomes desirable. This guide-book,
together with unmounted photographs of special features of
the Garden, its publications and picture postal cards, have
been kept on sale at the approach to the elevated railway
station and in the museum building.

(131)
Exploration

Contributions to the special fund raised by the Scientific
Directors, amounting to $3,930 have been credited to ex-
ploration and a small sum in addition has been available from
ordinary income. A balance of the special fund, amounting
to about $1,000 remains unexpended. A list of the contrib-
utors to the Exploration Fund with amounts given is here-
with submitted.

J. Pierpont Morgan. ..........ccscssseeeceee cone eeeeees $1,000
D. O. Mills 500
N. L. Britton 250
Wm. K. Vanderbilt 250
Mortimer L. Schiff 250
H. C. Von Post 100
Samuel. Thornes: cic cecssiids wes cecidas ied wasdehers ces 100
Miss Catherine A. Bliss 100
Thos. H. Hubbard 100
Geo. W. Perkins...........ccecceseneeceessneneee saeeeees 100
A. F. Esterbrook I0o
Wm. D. Sloane 100
W. Bayard Cutting 100
Geo. F. Baker 100
M. F. Plant 100
Robert W. de Forest.........ccccsecsteeceeeeene ceaneees 50
Bradley Martin 50
A. G. Agnew 50
Bernard G. Amend 50
Louis Marshall 50
Wm. Church Osborn 50
Mrs. Wm. R. Barr 50
Bernard G. Gunther 50
Emerson McMillin 50

C. Anderson 25
Jas. W. Cromwell 25
Ralph Wurts-Dundas wie 25
Henry Holt. icic.. snigerisindedustaserevieon Aah wl 25
John S. Huyler 25
Henry F. Osborn 25

T.A j 25

(132)

A y 25
B. F. Deklyn 25
G. E. Dimock 5

$3,930

The work of continuing collecting plants in Tropical
America was continued by several expeditions. Accom-
panied by Dr. Arthur Hollick, a Museum Curator, and by
Mrs. Britton, I was absent from the Garden from February
22 to April 16, engaged in continuing the botanical survey of
the island of Jamaica.* Mr. R. S. Williams, an Assistant
Curator, was in Panama, absent from January 25 until mid-
summer. ft I made another trip to Jamaica in August and
September, accompanied by Mrs. Britton. These three
expeditions have added greatly to our collections and have
resulted in the discovery of many species new to science and
of much increased knowledge of the tropical American flora.
Dr. John K. Small, Head Curator of the Museums and
Herbarium, left the Garden on January 3, 1909, for the pur-
pose of continuing his exploration work in the everglade
region of southern Florida.

Dr. William A. Murrill, Assistant Director, spent two
weeks in July at Biltmore, North Carolina, collecting fungi,
and codperating with the Biltmore Forest School.t Dr.
P. A. Rydberg, a Museum Curator, was in the field from
New York to Virginia, during the late summer, especially
engaged in studying the wild blackberries. Considerable
local collecting in the immediate vicinity of New York City
has been done by other members of the staff.

It is desirable that the exploration of the West Indies and
Central America be continued during 1909, and some money
in the Exploration Fund is available for expenditure, though
more than now seems available could be spent to great advan-
tage. Portions of Cuba and of Santo Domingo are little
known botanically and I recommend that our next exploration

* See Journal N. Y. Bot. Garden: g : 81-go.

{ See Journal N. Y. Bot. Garden 9 : 149-158.

t{ See Journal N. Y. Bot. Garden g: 135-141.

(133)

work be carried on in those islands. Looking forward to
this I have detailed Mr. J. A. Shafer, Museum Custodian,
for a visit to northeastern Cuba, and he will leave the Garden
for that work on January 13. This exploration work, as
has been previously pointed out, not alone adds greatly to
the value and completeness of the Garden’s collections of
living plants and of museum and herbarium specimens, but
also to botanical knowledge, and supplies plants and speci-
mens greatly needed in the preparation of the monographs
for ‘* North American Flora,” now in course of publication
by the Garden.
Investigations

During such time as their curatorial and other adminis-
trative work has permitted, members of the staff have carried
on original studies in a great variety of subjects, and many
of the results reached have been published. Investigations
have also been carried on by students and by visiting officials
of other institutions, the collections of the Garden affording
excellent opportunities for such work. Much of the original
study accomplished by thc curators has been. prosecuted
outside of their regular hours of attendance. In the reports
of the several officers hereto appended, accounts will be
found of the various investigations undertaken during the
year, and a record of the publications issued by the Garden
during the year will be found in the report of the Assistant
Director. These publications have been aided by the income
of the David Lydig Fund bequeathed by the late Judge
Charles P. Daly.

Research Scholarships

Continuing the policy of previous years, small grants have
been made to deserving students to assist them in the prose-
cution of investigations, $50 a month being so allotted during
residence. Considerably larger sums than those appropriated
for this purpose up to the present time, could be used to great
advantage to botanical science.

or the continuation of their studies on the North Ameri-

can species of rusts (Uredinales), fungi, many of great de-

(134)

structiveness to other plants, Professor J. C. Arthur, of Purdue
University, and Mr. Frank D. Kern, of the same institution,
were awarded such scholarships for the month of January.
The results of their studies are embodied in two parts of
‘¢ North American Flora” already published.

Mr. W. W. Eggleston was awarded a scholarship for two
months in the spring to enable him to prosecute studies on the
North American thorns, genus Crataegus, looking forward
to a publication of a monograph of this group in ‘ North
American Flora.” His studies greatly increased the value
of the herbarium collection of specimens of this genus, which
was also largely increased by specimens contributed by him.
Professor Guy West Wilson, a former student of the Garden,
now professor of biology in the Upper Iowa University, was
given a scholarship in July, to aid in his investigations of sev-
eral minute fungi.

Preservation of Native Plants

The income of the Caroline and Olivia Phelps Stokes Fund
for the Preservation of Native Plants has been allowed to ac-
cumulate during the past year, looking forward to the use of
two years’ income in 1909. The desirability of the protection
of natural woodlands has been emphasized from time to time
by members of the staff, as occasions have presented them-
selves.

Police Protection

Under the Charter of the Garden, the policing of the
grounds is referred to the Park Department of the City, but
this department has hitherto been unable to secure any details
of officers for the Garden; the grounds have been partially
covered by one patrolman, but this amount of protection Is at
times quite insufficient for the control of crowds, and consid-
erable damage has been done from time to time by the break-
ing of shrubs and other depredations. To supplement this
meager police protection we have had one keeper, sworn in
as a special patrolman, on guard, and two foremen are also
special officers, one being on duty every other Sunday. Our
head steam engineer is also a special officer.

(135 )

Administrative

Dr. William A. Murrill, Assistant Director, has had charge
of the details of maintenance, acting under my general in-
structions, and we have been aided in this work by Mr. Percy
Wilson, Administrative Assistant. We have thus kept a
close watch on all maintenance work. I have taken imme-
diate charge of the oversight and direction of all construction
operations and of the increase of the collections, and such
time as could be spared from administrative duties has been
given to the preparation of manuscript for ‘* North American
Flora” and to studies of the plants of the West Indies, those
of the Bahamas, and of Jamaica in particular. I have also
continued studies of Cactaceae in coéperation with Dr. J. N.
Rose, of the United States National Museum.

Financial Considerations

The city allowance for maintenance of the Garden has
been increased from $75,000 in 1908 to $79,520 for Igo9, an
increase of $4,520; this is, however, insufficient to maintain
the institution in its present state of development and I
recommend that the sum of $13,480 be added to this from
Garden income, so as to have $93,000 in all available for
maintenance in 1909. This will not permit taking any con-
siderable amount of additional land under high cultivation,
nor the keeping of the grounds and collections up as crili-
cally as would be possible if a larger allowance were avail-
able. The total Garden income, other than that received
from the city, is about $28,000, of which only a little more
than one half will thus be available for educational purposes
and for the increase of the collections. Taking the city
appropriation and the Garden income together, the total
income for 1909 will be about $107,520. As stated in my
last annual report, a wholly satisfactory maintenance of the
institution, a proper increase of the collections, and the
further development of educational work desired, would cost
in all about $125,000. It thus appears that about $17,500
additional income is desirable to enable the Garden to take
complete advantage of its great opportunities.

(136 )
Reports Appended

Appended are also reports by the Assistant Director, the
Head Curator of the;Museums and Herbarium, the Honorary
Curator of the Economic Collections, the Director of the Lab-
oratories, the Librarian, the Head Gardener, and the Super-
intendent of Grounds, and a schedule of expenditures under
appropriations made by the Board of Managers.

Respectfully submitted,
N. L. Brirron,
Director-in- Chief.

(137)

REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

To THE DrrECTOR-IN-CHIEF :

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1908.

Grounds

The grounds, and the buildings as well, have been main-
tained during the year as economically as was consistent with
efficiency.

The roads and paths through the grounds are under the
care of the Park Department, but the borders, guard rails,
water mains, and other mitters connected with the lines of
traffic, have received due attention from our own employees, as
detailed in the report of the superintendent.

Special attention has been given to the removal of dead
and unsightly trees and branches along the roads and paths
and on the lawns. In addition to the usual spring pruning,
the maple trees and the younger trees and shrubs in the col-
lections were pruned in late summer and early autumn.
Many shrubs have been added to the collections during the
year, and many of the decorative clumps of shrubs have
been rearranged. The condition of the plantations is very
satisfactory.

The past season was a very trying one on plants in this
locality. During the month of May the rainfall was heavy,
reaching 7.36 inches, and this was succeeded by a severe
and prolonged drought of six weeks or more. The weather
of late summer and autumn was rather dry, on the whole,
although 6 inches of rain fell during the week beginning
August 22; and the first conspicuous film of ice appeared on
shallow ponds on November 14.

The chestnut canker has continued its ravages with
unabated virulence, and no remedy for this disease has been
discovered. All of the chestnut trees on the grounds have
been either killed or seriously damaged by it and those in
conspicuous places have beenremoved. The rest will be cut
as rapidly as the wood can be used.

(138)

Leaf blight appeared on the plane-trees in the spring, but
did little damage. Several young conifers near the conser-
vatories died, but those in front of the museum building were
in better condition than in former years. Many of the shrubs
planted last spring were saved during the drought only by
regular and continued watering.

The rose bushes west of the museum building were dis-
tributed to various parts of the grounds, and the space filled
n with decorative shrubs of larger size.

Systematic spraying for scale insects of various kinds has
been continued with excellent results. The lakes have been
kept free of algae by the use of copper sulfate, and the usual
war has been waged against mosquitoes by applying kerosene
to the surface of catch basins and ponds, the latter being also
stocked with fish that feed upon the larvae. The middle lake,
planted with water lilies, was badly infested during the sum-
mer with a species of Potamogeton ? which developed very
rapidly and had to be removed several times.

It gives me pleasure to report that no losses of consequence
have occurred through fire, hail, flood, severe cold, or violent
storms. Special fire patrols were employed for a time in the
hemlock grove when the danger was greatest, and the men
employed to pick up papers and other rubbish on Sunday
afternoons were specially instructed to assist the regular pa-
trols in guarding against fire.

To prevent the formation of additional trails in the hemlock
grove and the conscaaent damage to the roots of the trees by

trampling, large fr 1 were placed at principal entrances
to the grove with the following instructions: ‘*This grove is
situated near the southern limit of the region in which hem-
lock trees grow naturally near the coast, and its preservation
is a matter of special interest. As the roots of the hemlock
trees are near the surface of the ground and the soil is thin,
trampling over the ground may cause the death of the trees.
Visitors are therefore requested to keep to the paths and trails
and to abstain from injuring the trees in any way. If this

(139)

caution is not observed the use of the forest will have to be
materially restricted.”

he system of regular guides was discontinued late in the
year and the work distributed among certain members of the
staff and their assistants. The large increase of roads and
paths during the year has rendered access to various portions
of the grounds comparatively easy without guidance, and
visitors have apparently taken more interest in the collections
than ever before. Itwas necessary to construct twenty rustic
benches for the paths recently opened.

The picking of flowers and the breaking of branches by
lawless visitors has continued, but there has been only one
serious attempt at robbery on an extensive scale. Only four
arrests were made during the year.

Buildings
MusEuM

Considerable work has been done on the exterior of the
museum building during the year. The roof over the mor-
phological laboratory and at several other points was
repaired, the wood-work of the windows painted and new
weather strips put on, and some of the brick-work pointed
up. The painting of the interior was begun on the first and
second floors, and this is still in progress.

By shifting the physiological apparatus, an office for Mr.
Seaver, the new director of the laboratories, was arranged
for in the large room with Dr. Hollick. This was desirable
because of its proximity to the mycological herbarium, where
much of Mr. Seaver’s time will be spent.

CONSERVATORIES

The public conservatories have been painted on the out-
side, and itis planned to paint the interior next summer.
The condition of the conservatory collections is very satis-
factory. The Ames collection of orchids has attracted much
attention, and the customary crowds of visitors have been
noticed about the cacti, water lilies, and flower beds on the
south and north sides of the conservatory range.

(140 )

A new boiler was installed at the propagating houses in
the autumn. The large quantity of chestnut wood taken
from the grounds is being used for heating these houses,
except in severe weather. The roof and all of the interior,
except in house no. 6, was painted during the year. The
condition of the plants here and in the adjoining herbaceous
garden and nursery is very satisfactory.

OTHER BuILpINGs
The heating and power plant is in excellent condition.
The roof and east wall of the power house have been repaired,
and all the iron and wood-work painted. All coal received
is now weighed on the grounds. The amount of coal con-
sumed was rather less than usual on account of the late fall.
The stable and stable fence have been painted and the
floor and approaches repaired. One additional work horse
has been purchased. The stable machinery is in good repair.

Publications
JOURNAL
The journal has been published each month during the
year, making a volume of 242 pages with 55 plates and 39
figures. A series of articles descriptive of the museum and
herbarium collections of the Garden appeared in the January,
February, July, October and December numbers. Attention
is also called to the list of registered investigators at the
Garden from 1897 to 1908, which constitutes the April number.

BULLETIN

Bulletin no. 19, with 114 pages, was issued February 24,
1908. This number contains the annual reports of the
Director-in-Chief, First Assistant, Head Curator of the
Museums and Herbarium, Honorary Curator of the Eco-
nomic Collections, Director of the Laboratories, Librarian,
Head Gardener, Superintendent of Grounds, Scientific
Directors, Committee on Patrons, Fellows and Members,
and Treasurer.

(141)
CONTRIBUTIONS

Contributions by members of the staff or students of the
Garden, reprinted during the year from other than Garden
publications, are as follows:

No. roo. Scandinavians Who Have Contributed to the
Knowledge of the Flora of North America, by Per Axel
Rydberg.

No. 1o1. Phycological Studies — 11]. Further Notes on
Halimeda and Avrainvillea, by Marshall Avery Howe.

No. 102. Mosses from Tropical America, by Robert
Statham Williams.

No. 103. Alabastra philippinensia, by Charles Budd
Robinson.

No. 104. Studies in the North American Convolvulaceae
—IV. The Genus Zxogonium, by Homer Doliver House.

No. 105. The Taxonomic Aspect of the Species Question,
by Nathaniel Lord Britton.

No. 106. The Genus Zruodea: A Study of Species and
Races, by Nathaniel Lord Britton.

No. 107. Further Studies of Solution Tension and Tox-
icity in Lipolysis, by Raymond H. Pond.

No. 108. Studies of West Indian Plants—I, by Nathaniel
Lord Britton.

No. rog. A Study of the Digestive Power of Sarracenia
purpurea, by Winifred J. Robinson.

No. 110. Additional Philippine Polyporaceae, by William
Alphonso Murrill.

No. 111. Boleti from Western North Carolina, by William
Alphonso Murrill.

No. 112. Notes on Philotria, by Per Axel Rydberg.

No. 113. Some Notes on Chemical Composition and Tox-
icity of Jbervillea Sonorae, by Julia T. Emerson and William
H. Welker.

No. 114. The Boleti of the Frost Herbarium, by William
A. Murrill.

No. 115. Some North Dakota Hypocreales, by Fred J.
Seaver.

(142)

No. 116. Notes on Rosaceae, by Per Axel Rydberg.
No. 117. Studies in North American Peronosporales —IV.
Host Index, by Guy West Wilson.

Nortu AMERICAN FLORA

This work, designed to include descriptions of all known
plants native to North America, Central America and the
West Indies, is being issued in parts at irregular intervals as
rapidly as these parts can be prepared.

Volume 9g, part 2, by W. A. Murrill, completing the Poly-
poraceae, was issued March 12, 1908.

Volume 22, part 3, containing descriptions of the Family
Grossulariaceae by F. V. Coville and N. L. Britton, the Plan-.
tanaceae by H. A. Gleason, the Crossosomataceae by J. K.
Small, the Connaraceae by N. L. Britton, the Calycantha-
ceae by C. L. Pollard, and the Rosaceae (pars) by P. A.
Rydberg, was issued June 12, 1908.

Volume 22, part 4, containing descriptions of the Family
Rosaceae (pars) by P. A. Rydberg, was issued November
20, 1908.

Lectures
Pusiic Lectures

Two courses of illustrated public lectures on botanical sub-
jects have been given in the museum building on Saturday
afternoons, as follows:

May 2. ‘‘ Botanical Expedition to Jamaica,” by Dr. Arthur
Hollick.

May 9. ‘‘Early-Flowering Trees and Shrubs,” by Dr.
N. L. Britton.

May 16. ‘*Plant Life of the Sea,” by Dr. M. A. Howe.

May 23. ‘Ornamental Shrubs; Their Selection and
Arrangement,” by Mr. G. V. Nash.

May 30. ‘Plants that Feed on Insects,” by Dr. C. S.
Gager.

June 6. ‘* Adulterants in Foods and Drugs and their
Detection,” by Dr. H. H. Rusby.

(143 )

October 17. ‘* Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms,” by Dr.
W. A. Murrill.

October 24. ‘* Wild Autumnal Flowers and Fruits,” by
Dr. N. L. Britton.

October 31. ‘* Letchworth Park and the Falls of the
Genesee,” by Mr. G. V. Nash.

November 7. ‘* Plant Distribution as Interpreted by Ge-
ology,” by Dr. Arthur Hollick.

November 14. ‘‘ Botanical Cruises in the Bahamas,” by
Dr. M. A. Howe.

November 21. ‘The Rubber Plants of Mexico,” by Dr.
H. H. Rusby.

ScHooL LECTURES

The usual series of lectures and demonstrations to the
public school children of the 4B and 5B grades, of the
Borough of the Bronx, was given in spring and autumn,
under the auspices of the Board of Education in connection
with the nature study work of the schools; over 20,000
children, accompanied by their teachers, attended these
exercises.

Grade 4B

Lecture I, ‘‘ Cultivation of Plants,” by Mr. George V.
Nash, was given to groups of pupils on April 24, April 30,
May 1, October 13, October 15, and October 16.

Lecture II, «‘ Seedless Plants,” by Dr. Marshall A. Howe,
on May 11, May 12, May 19, October 29, November 5, and
November tro.

Grade 5B

Lecture I, ‘‘ Industries Depending on Forests. Plant
Products,” by Dr. H. H. Rusby, on April 20, April 21,
April 28, October 27, October 30, and November 6.

Lecture II, ‘* Woody Plants and Plants without Wood.
Protection of Trees in Cities,” by Dr. C. S. Gager in the
spring and Mr. F. J. Seaver in the fall, on May 5, May 8,
May 14, October 6, October 8, and October 9.

(144)

Lecture III, ‘‘ Classification of Plants,” by N. L. Britton,
on May 21, May 22, May 25, October 20, October 22, and
October 23.

Screntiric MEETINGS

The botanical conventions, held in the library on Wednes-
day afternoons, have been interesting and generally well
attended. On account of the number of meetings of a
botanical nature held in the city during the collegiate year,
it has been thought advisable to hold these conventions monthly
instead of semi-monthly hereafter. A list of the chief topics
discussed at the conventions of the past year is as follows:

January 8. ««An Account of the Preparation of a Mono-
graph on the Cretaceous Flora of Southern New York and
New England,” by Dr. Arthur Hollick; ‘‘ Reports of the
Chicago Meeting,” by Dr. J. C. Arthur, Dr. T. E. Hazen,
and Mr. F. D. Kern.

January 22. ‘Botanical Exploration of the Eastern
Bahamas,” by Dr. M. A. Howe and Mr. Percy Wilson.

February 5. ‘*The Taxonomic Aspect of the Species
Question,” by Dr. N. L. Britton; «* Review of Paul Bec-
querel’s * Recherches sur la Vie latente des Graines,’” by Dr.
C. S. Gager.

April 1. ‘* Histological Effects of Exposure to Radium-
rays,” by Dr. C. S. Gager; ‘*Some Unusual Orchids,” by
Mr. G. V. Nash; ‘* Review of Goebel’s ‘ Brutknospen
Bildung bei Drosera pygmaea und einigen Monocotylen,’”
by Miss W. J. Robinson.

November 4. ‘A Recent Trip to Jamaica,” by Mrs. N.
L. Britton; ‘*An Interesting Analogy,” by E. W. Hum-
phreys; ‘‘ Notes on Some North Dakota Fungi,” by F. J.
Seaver.

December 2. ‘* Recent Paleobotanical Notes and Litera-
ture,” by Dr. Arthur Hollick; ‘* The Mycorhiza Problem,”
by Mr. B. C. Gruenberg; ‘ Educational Organization of
Nature Study,” by Miss M. P. Anderson.

The Torrey Botanical Club has held its usual monthly
meetings on Wednesday afternoons during the year in the
morphological laboratory of the museum building.

(145 )

The Horticultural Society of New York held its annual
meeting and exhibition in the museum building on May 13
and 14; and its summer exhibition on June ro and 11. On
June ro there was a joint meeting of this society and the
American Rose Society.

The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences held a field
meeting at the Garden on October 3 for the benefit of the
members of its department of botany.

Personal Investigations

My own investigations during the year have dealt chiefly
with the Boletaceae, a difficult family of fleshy pore-bearing
fungi closely related to the Polyporaceae, and this group is
now nearly ready for publication in ‘‘ North American Flora.”

Type material and a large number of duplicate specimens
have been examined at Albany, Cambridge, Washington and
elsewhere, and the entire collections representing the Bole-
taceae at the University of Vermont, where the Frost her-
barium is deposited, at Cornell’ University, and at the Mis-
souri Botanical Garden, have been most generously loaned
me for study. The private collections of Mr. C. C. Hanmer,
of East Hartford, Connecticut, Dr. N. M. Glatfelter, of St.
Louis, Missouri, and several others have also been kindly
placed at my disposal. While at Biltmore I obtained many
fresh specimens of these plants with field notes, to supple-
ment my collections of former years in Maine, New York,
District of Columbia, Virginia, Tennessee and elsewhere.

My publications on this subject during the year are as
follows: ‘Collecting and Studying Boleti,” Torreya 8:
50-55. 1908, ‘* Notes on the Life and Work of Charles C.
Frost,” Torreya 8: 197-200. 1908, ‘* Boleti from Western
North Carolina,” Torreya 8: 209-217. 1908, and ‘*The
Boleti of the Frost Herbarium,” Bull. Torrey Club 35: 517-
526. pl. 36-¢o. 1908. The last two were reprinted as
Garden Contributions Nos. 111 and 114.

The remaining portion of my monograph of the Polypo-
raceae appeared March 12, 1908, as Vol. 9, part 2, of ‘* North

(146 )

American Flora.” The last of the keys to species occurring
in temperate regions of North America appeared in Torreya
for January, February, and June. A very large and valu-
able collection of woody fungi from the Philippine Islands
was received early in the year, which was found to contain
about forty undescribed species of polypores. A detailed
report on this collection appeared in the Torrey Bulletin for
August under the title «* Additional Philippine Polyporaceae,”
which was reprinted as Garden Contribution No. 110. Field
studies of polypores were made during a vacation of three
days spent in the Adirondacks early in July, and while at
Biltmore during the latter half of July.

The chestnut canker has demanded considerable attention
during the year, especially in the form of correspondence
and personal interviews. I published further articles on this
subject in the JouRNAL of the Garden for February, Torreya
for May, and Suburban Life for January [issued in Decem-
ber]. The reappearance of the leaf blight on the plane-tree
last spring led me to publish a brief account of this disease
in the June JouRNAL.

General work on fungi in the herbarium has gone forward
as usual during the year. The collections of fungi in the
museum and herbarium were described somewhat at length
in the JouRNAL of the Garden for January, 1g08. The most
important additions were those from the Philippines, and from
my own collections at Biltmore, North Carolina, an account
of which appeared in the JouURNAL of the Garden for August.
For two weeksin July I was the guest of Dr. C. A. Schenck,
forester of the Vanderbilt estate, and enjoyed unusual oppor-
tunities for the study and collection of fungi. During my stay
at Biltmore I gave ten lectures on wood-destroying species
before the Biltmore Forest School.

Returning to New York in August, a study of local species
was begun with special reference to illustrating the principal
conspicuous forms in this vicinity. A lecture on edible and
poisonous species was given in the regular autumn course, in
which many of these illustrations were used in the form of

(147 )

lantern slides. An article on this subject, accompanied by
several colored illustrations, was written for the Garden
JournaL for December.

On December 5, I left New York for Jamaica in order to
make a special study of the fungi of that island. A general
report of my explorations there will appear in the JouRNAL
of the Garden for February.

Respectfully submitted,
W. A. Murriu,
Assistant Director.

(148 )

REPORT OF THE HEAD CURATOR OF THE
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM

Dr. N. L. Brrrron, DirEcTOR-1n-CHIEF.

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1908.

The collections under my care have been enlarged and
conserved mainly as during previous years, and all speci-
mens, both of the public exhibits and those of the study col-
lections, are in good condition.

Accessions

The additions to the collections may be itemized as follows:

(2) Purchase. Specimens from nearly all parts of the
eastern and western continents, aggregating 32,910, were
acquired.

(6) Gift. Various specimens, chiefly from Europe and
America, aggregating 1,703 were presented to the institution.

(c) Exchange. A total of 2,941 specimens from nearly all
parts of the world were secured in exchange for duplicate
material.

(d) Exploration. Fully 19,080 specimens were brought
together by members of the Garden staff, from temperate and
tropical North America.

The total number of specimens accessioned during the year
is 56,634.

Museums

The arrangement of the exhibits of the Economic Museum,
and the Synoptic Collection, the Local Flora and the Micro-
scope Exhibit in the Systematic Museum was not materially
changed, except for the interpolation of specimens here and
there and the transfer of several exhibits in the west wing of
the Economic Museum. The collections of fungi, mosses and
hepatics, algae, and flowering plants, were described respec-
tively in the January, February, July and October numbers
of the JouRNAL.

(149 )

The additions made just previous to the beginning of this
year to the case equipment of the Fossil Plant Museum inthe
basement necessitated a complete rearrangement of that col-
lection, bringing about the doubling in size of the public ex-
hibit of fossil plants, so that now four table cases are devoted
to the plant-remains of Paleozoic time, instead of two as here-
tofore; five similar cases include plant-remains of Mesozoic
time, instead of three, and three cases contain the remains of
plants of Neozoic time as compared with the one in the former
arrangement. A complete description of the arrangement
and scope of the collections included injthis museum was
published in the December JOURNAL.

Two very important additions were presented to the Eco-
nomic Museum, namely, a collection of between one and two
hundred specimens representing the sources of various plant
constituents, and a collection of several hundred specimens
of varnish resins. The former is being installed with the
plant constituents in the west wing of the Museum, while the
latter is being studied preparatory to labeling. The accumu-
lated specimens illustrating the trunks of trees, secured on
several former expeditions to tropical America, have been
sawed into uniform sizes and otherwise prepared, and are
being installed in the exhibition cases, and progress is being
made in the installation of general museum material. Dur-
ing the year such specimens as could not be used in our
permanent collections were given to the public schools of the
city or sent as exchanges to other institutions.

Herbaria

The more important additions to these collections was the
Kuntze herbarium, consisting of plants from all parts of the
globe, purchased by money given by Mr. Andrew Carnegie,
and the specimens secured by exploration in insular and
continental tropical America, the larger accessions coming
from Panama, the Bahamas, Jamaica and Bermuda.

From the specimens secured during the year and from the
accumulation of those acquired during former years, about

(150 )

34,000 were selected, mounted and distributed in the perma-
nent collection. These were mounted on 25,524 sheets of
herbarium paper, and include several hundred specimens
presented to the Columbia University herbarium. In addi-
tion to the above about 600 bulky specimens were placed in
the several sizes of multiple paper boxes.

The cases containing the specimens of algae were moved
from the room adjoining the library on the west, to the ad-
jacent room, in order to allow for the growth of the library.

The exotic specimens of angiosperms, including all from
without the area included in ‘* North American Flora” were
arranged alphabetically and separated geographically in
covers as follows: South America, Europe, Asia, Africa,
Australia and Oceanica; by this arrangement the specimens
are readily found for reference.

Considerable time was devoted during the latter part of the
year to ascertaining the condition of preservation of all her-
barium specimens of ferns and flowering plants; every bundle
of specimens was looked over and a few instances of insect
depredation were found, but no material damage had been
done.

From time to time specimens were selected from our accu-
mulation of duplicates and sent as exchanges to other institu-
tions. The total number of specimens sent in exchange was
45793-

Assistance and Investigations

Dr. William A. Murrill, Assistant Director, looked after
the conservation and development of the fungal collections.
(For further details see report of the Assistant Director.)
Mr. Fred. J. Seaver, Director of the Laboratories, has also
done much work on these collections during the latter part of
the year.

Dr. Marshall A. Howe, Curator, has chiefly conserved the
collections of algae and hepatics. He has continued his
studies of the marine algae, particularly of the West Indian
region, and has prepared a monographic account of the
species of .Veomer’s of the world. Dr. Howe served during

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the year as editor of the Torrey Botanical Club, having spec-
ial charge of its BULLETIN and MEmorrs; he assisted in the
nature study courses given at the Garden in coédperation with
the public schools of the city and carried on exploration in
the lower Bahama Islands.

Dr. P. A. Rydberg, Curator, has chiefly had charge of
the general herbarium of flowering plants. He has continued
his studies on the plants of western North America, particu-
larly in connection with the preparation of a Flora of the
Rocky Mountain Region, and studied the genus Atudus in
the field from New York to North Carolina and Tennessee.
Fully one half of Dr. Rydberg’s monograph of Rosaceae
was printed in Volume 22 of ‘* North American Flora,” and
he has prepared monographs of the Sparganiaceae, Elo-
deaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Balsaminaceae and Limnantha-
ceae for the same work. He also printed two papers in the
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.

Dr. Arthur Hollick, Curator, has had charge mainly of the
collection of fossil plants. ‘The additional exhibition and
storage cases entailed a complete rearrangement of all speci-
mens, both exhibition and study, and the additional room
made ready access possible to specimens formerly in storage,
and also made possible the cataloguing of the numerous type
specimens. In this work Dr. Hollick received the voluntary
assistance of Mr. Edwin W. Humphreys. During the year
Dr. Hollick has edited the BuLLetin of the Garden and
written several papers on paleontological subjects.

Mr. R. S. Williams, Assistant Curator, spent the first part
of the year in the exploration of Panama, whence he brought
back a very valuable collection of herbarium specimens ;
while not in the field, he has devoted his time principally to
the development of the collection of lichens and mosses and
has prepared the manuscript of several genera and oon
for a forthcoming part of ‘* North American Flora.’

r. W. R. Maxon, of the United States National Museum,
served as an Assistant Curator during December, working on
the fern collection.

(152)

Mrs. N. L. Britton voluntarily directed the development of
the moss collections, devoting much time to the naming and
conserving of the large accumulation of specimens and to
collecting in Jamaica. She has also prepared several mono-
graphs for a forthcoming part of ‘*‘ North American Flora.”

Dr. J. A. Shafer, Museum Custodian, has been occupied
in the preparation and care of the permanent collections, and
the care of the museum building; he has also studied the
plants he collected a few years ago on Montserrat, West
Indies, and has prosecuted studies on the North American
tree-flora, and made special collections for the exhibit of
North American Dendrology.

The writer, in addition to the details involved in curatorial
duties, devoted time to monographic work on the Alisma-
ceae, Malpighiaceae and several minor groups for ‘* North
American Flora.” I have also made much progress in my
studies of the flora of the southeastern United States, particu-
larly as relates to the native and exotic flora of Florida, and
the relation of the flora of the Florida Keys, the Everglade
Keys and West Indies.

The curators have been assisted by eight museum aids and
by five janitors.

Respectfully submitted,
. MALL,
flead Curator of the Museums and Herbarium.

(153)

REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF
THE ECONOMIC COLLECTION

Dr. N. L. Britron, Direcror-1n-CHIEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1908.

Five hundred specimens have been added to the economic
collection during the year, a number of which are of particu-
lar interest and value.

Messrs. Merck & Co. have contributed a collection of 120
plant products which represent the sources of most of the
plant principles previously donated by them. A description
of this donation was printed in the August number of the
JournaL. The entire collection in now exhibited in one set
of cases, the several proximate principles being grouped
about the crude substances from which they are respectively
derived. This exhibit constitutes one of the most highly in-
structive features of this museum.

It is a very interesting fact that the same year that marks
the complete installation of this important study-collection of
products of living plants should bring to us a nearly complete
collection of varnish resins, most of them fossils. This is the
gift of Mr. A. P. Bjerregaard, of Mineola, N. Y., and com-
prises 212 specimens. Not only is nearly every variety of
varnish-resin included, but most of them are represented by
an extended series of specimens.

The economic collections made for us by Messrs. Weiss &
Schmidt, on the upper Rio Negro, referred to in my last re-
port, numbering fifty museum-specimens, with the accom-
panying herbarium material, have been received. We have
not as yet been able to study these specimens, and cannot
now report upon their economic value.

A lecture was delivered in our spring course on ‘* Adulter-
ants in Foods and Drugs.” A collection of such adulterated
articles has been commenced, some 30 specimens of powdered
drugs having been obtained. Special efforts will be made to

(154)

accumulate these articles without delay, as they are likely to
occur in commerce far less frequently in the future than has
been the case in the past, while many forms of adulteration
will doubtless wholly disappear. Dr. Wiley’s energetic and
conscientious enforcement of the federal food and drugs act
bids fair, within a short time, to place our medicinal and food
supplies upon a basis of purity which could not have been
anticipated a few years ago

Among the miscellaneous acquisitions of the year, there is
an usual percentage of rare or uncommon specimens, and this
is particularly true in the drug department.

A matter of exceptional interest has been the receipt of
specimens of a new rubber-yielding tree of the Mexican foot-
hills, the investigation of which occupied me during the late
summer and fall.

In connection with the above mentioned investigation, a
small collection of rare Mexican fruits and other economic
products was obtained for the Museum.

Late in the year, Mr. Mackie, of this city, presented us
with an interesting collection of American-grown tobaccos,
which were exhibited at the Crystal Palace in this city in
1853.

A number of the descriptive labels which have been from
time to time referred to in these reports have now been
placed in the cases, and have proved their great value as an
aid to visitors. As an indication of what these labels are
intended to accomplish, I present herewith two illustrations,
contrasting each with the ordinary form of label accompany-
ing our specimens,

ORDINARY SPECIMEN LABELS

Corn STARCH

The —— of the seed of Zea Jays L.
Fam. Gramin Grass Family
Native of opel America and widely cultivated.

(155 )

RA RUBBER ELASTICA
The seas milky exudation obtained from the
k of various species of Hevea
Fam. Euphorbiaceae purge Family
Native of Brazil and cultivated.

DESCRIPTIVE LABELS

STARCH

Starch is manufactured by most plants, as a reserve
food supply, from the water taken in through the
roots and the carbonic acid gas inhaled from the atmos-
phere; the chemical combination is effected by the
sun’s energy, directed by the green coloring matter
(chlorophyll). Starch is mostly stored in the form

each plant that they afford an excellent method of
identifying the latter, even in powder.

RUBBER
Elastica, U. S. Pharmacopoeia

Rubber, India rubber, or Elastica consists chiefly

many plants, existing in special milk-tubes of the bark
and wood. The bark is cut or punctured, when the
milk exudes and is caught in some receptacle. It may
also be obtained by grinding up the bark, leaves and
other parts and extracting with petroleum, bisulphide
of carbon or other solvent. The milk is coagulated
by various methods, mostly by subjecting it to the
action of smoke, and the coagulated mass, often
losing water by slow evaporation, takes on the dark
color, toughness and elasticity characteristic of rubber.

er is more valuable in proportion as its percent-
age of caoutchouc is greater, and that of its resin less.

It is proposed during the coming year to largely extend
this feature of our labeling.

(156)

It is believed that the steady extension of our work along
the lines now being operated will fully occupy us during the
year to come.

The most important need of this department at the present
time is a liberal supply of containers, of suitable sizes, so that
specimens may be installed as fast as received. Owing to
the fact that the glass manufacturers suspend operations
during the hot summer months this matter should receive
early attention.

ee submitted,
. H. Russy,
fTonorary Curator of the Pe Collectzon.

(357)

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE LABORA-
TORIES .

Dr. N. L. Britton, Drrectror-in-CulEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1908.

During the greater part of the year the laboratories were
under the supervision of Dr. C. S. Gager, assisted by Miss
Winifred J. Robinson, the former having left the institution
in August,* and the latter on September 5, 1908. My own
duties as director of laboratories were assumed on September
5, and thus far the work has been carried on without special
assistance.

With the permission of the Garden, the experimental work
on primroses, which had been conducted by Dr. Gager during
the year, was allowed to continue through the growing sea-
son and collections of seeds and other materials sent to him
in the autumn in order that this experimental work, which
must be continued through several seasons, might be carried
on to its completion.

On taking up my duties here, the laboratories, laboratory
equipment and student records were found in good condition,
and since that time no important changes have been made.
However, some minor changes were made necessary by the
expansion of the herbarium of cryptogamic botany and the
consequent crowding of the laboratories into smaller quarters.
The office formerly used by Dr. Gager is now occupied by
Dr. Howe in order that he might be conveniently located with
reference to the collections of algae, which have been trans-
ferred to the main laboratory. My own office has been ar-
ranged in a part of the room occupied also by Dr. Hollick,
and is thus brought adjacent to the collections of fungi which
are now installed in the room formerly used as a physiological
laboratory.

Some minor changes have also been made in the other labo-
ratory rooms. The dark room has been converted into a

* Resigned to accept professorship of botany in Missouri State University.

(158)

store room and equipped with temporary shelving which has,
up to this time, been used in the chemical laboratory. In this
room are stored materials in quantity and large pieces of
apparatus which are not in immediate use. This arrange-
ment has made it possible to place several student desks in
the chemical laboratory which are designed to be used by
students carrying on work in physiological chemistry, culture
work with the fungi, and those phases of cytological work
which necessitate the use of the paraffine bath or other pieces
of apparatus requiring a constant flame.

Numerous small pieces of apparatus and reagents have
been added to the laboratory equipment during the year, but
no large or expensive pieces have been purchased. The ad-
dition of materials of this kind, even in small quantities, em-
phasizes the need of more cases for the storage of such
material as well as of more room for the installment of cases.

According to your request, beginning with November, a
programme has been arranged to be given before the confer-
ence of the scientific staff and students of the Garden on the
first Wednesday of each month, the minutes of the meetings
recorded, and a synopsis of each paper prepared for publica-
tion in the JouRNAL of the Garden.

Meteorological records have been kept during the entire
year and in addition to these evaporimeter records have been
kept during that part of the season favorable for conducting
this kind of experimental work. The evaporimeter records
were kept in one station located near the propagating house
and continued until danger of frost made it necessary to take
up the instruments for the winter. This work has been
carried on in codperation with the Desert Botanical Labora-
tory of Tucson, Arizona, and its object fully explained in
previous reports. The results of these experiments have been
published in full by the Carnegie Institution.

The minimum temperature recorded for the year was 0.5° on
February 5, and the maximum temperature 99.5" on July 19
and 20. The mean temperature for the year was 50°. The
autumn was unusually warm and dry, the precipitation re-

(159)

corded for November being less than .5 of an inch. This
was in part counterbalanced by a number of very light
showers and fogs which served to keep the surface of the
soil moist. The total precipitation for the year was 37.46
inches. The first fall frosts occurred about the middle of
October.

My own investigations which are, in the main, a continua-
tion of the work begun while a student at the Botanical Garden
during the season of 1906 to 1907, are directed along two lines.

1. A systematic study of various groups of fungi known
as the ascomycetes, with a critical study of some of the more
limited groups.

2. Investigations of the life-histories of some of the little
known forms, many of which are associated with diseases of
the higher plants.

In addition to the more general work on the study of the
ascomycetes, critical study is at present being carried on with
one order, the Hypocreales, a monograph of which order is
well under way. Unusual advantages are afforded for carry-
ing on this work at the Garden on account of the large num-
ber of types which are contained, especially in the Ellis col-
lection in this institution. But notwithstanding the great
advantages, some difficulties have presented themselves.
Many of the types are contained in other herbaria, of which
we have been unable to secure duplicates and before the work
can be made thorough and complete it will be necessary to
refer to types in a number of herbaria, among which are the
Schweinitz collection at Philadelphia, the herbarium of the
State Museum of Natural History at Albany and the exten-
sive collections in the cryptogamic herbarium at Harvard
University. Through the influence of the late Professor L.
M. Underwood, we have been able to secure cotype speci-
mens of a number of North American species contained in
the herbarium at Kew, and in the case of thirteen species
which were too scant to divide, careful pencil sketches and
notes have been prepared which become the property of the
New York Botanical Garden and which have aided much in
this work.

( 160 )

Material is also being accumulated for carrying on a series
of experiments in the culture and artificial inoculation of cer-
tain species of the order mentioned, with the hope of gaining
information concerning their life-histories. Many of the
ascomycetes are connected in their life-histories with certain
of the so-called imperfect fungi and very careful and critical
study is necessary in order to determine this relationship in
the various species.

A total of twenty-four persons have carried on investiga-
tions at or in connection with the Garden for periods ranging
from a few days to the entire year. In addition to this num-
ber numerous individuals have visited the libraries and her-
baria for the purpose of looking up smaller items of informa-
tion, such persons not being included in the list of investigators.

Investigators registered before January 1, 1908 ......... IO
Registered since January 1, 1g0 12
Total number registered “22
Deduct for names counted twice 6
Number of persons registered “16
Investigators not registered 8
Total number of investigators 24

Below is a list of the names of students and investigators
who have carried on work at the Garden during the past
year, together with their academic training for research, sub-
jects pursued while resident at the Garden, and the present
or last position held.

* AnpERSON, Mary Periz. B.S., Mt. Holyoke, 90; Mass. Inst.
Technology, 97-98; Univ. of Chicago, 02-03; N.Y. Bot.
Garden, o7—. Teacher of Nature Study, Horace Mann School,
Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.

Geographical distribution of the ferns of Japan.
jy ArtHuR, JosEpH Cuarves. B.S., Iowa State Coll., 72; M.S.,

77; Sc.D., Cornell Univ., 86; Johns Hopkins Univ., 78-79;
Harvard Univ., 79; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 03, 04, Research
scholar, 06, 07 and o8. Professor of Physiology and Path-
ology, Purdue Univ., and Botanist to the Indiana Exp. Station.

* Registered at Columbia.
f Research scholarship.

(161 )

* BEneDicT, RatpuH Curtis. A.B., Syracuse Univ., 06; Aid,

N. Y. Bot. Garden, 06-08; N. Y. Bot. Garden o8-.
Taxonomy of Pteridophytes.

Bitiines, EvizasetTu. Barnard Coll. (special student), 95; N. Y.

Bot. Garden, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 08-.
Palecbotany, Taxonomy.
* BRANDENBURG, ELLEN Kiapr. B.S., Columbia Univ., 04; Cold
Springs Harbor, 05; Cornell Univ. (summer school) 06; N.
. Bot. Garden, 07-08. Teacher of Biology and English,
High Schools, Washington, D. C.
Morphology of fungt.

Britton, Mrs. N. L. N.Y. City Normal Coll., 75. Hon. asso-
ciate instructor in Cryptogamic Botany, Columbia Univ., and
Barnard Coll. and unpaid assistant in the N. Y. Bot. Garden.

Anatomy and classification of mosses and ferns.
Mosses of the West Indies, southern Florida and Mexico.

* BURLINGHAM, GERTRUDE Simmons. A.B., Syracuse Univ., 96;
Ph.D., Columbia Univ., 08; N. Y. Bot. Garden, o5-. Teacher
of Biology, Eastern District High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Laxonomy of fungt.

* BuTLer, BERTRAM THEODORE. Ph.B., Hamline Univ., or;
A.M., Columbia Univ., 08; N. Y. Bot. Garden, o7-. City
Supt. of Schools and Teacher of Science, Glendive, Montana.

Flora of Montana.

* DARLING, CHESTER ARTHUR. A.B., Albion Coll., 04; A.M.,

06; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 06-. Assistant in Botany, Columbia

Univ.
Cytology and plant physiology.

¢ EccLeston, WiLLARD WeExsTER. B.S., Dartmouth, 91; Stu-
dent, Gray Herb., 97; Biltmore Herb., 07-05; Aid, N. Y.
Bot. Garden, 04-07, Research scholar, 08.

Laxonomy of Crataegus.

Emerson, Jutia Titus. Coll. Pharm., Columbia, 98; Teachers
Coll., Columbia, 98-99; Woods Holl, 99, 01, 03, 04; N.Y.
Bot. Garden, 02-04, 04-.

Taxonomy of mosses.

GRUENBERG, BENJAMIN CHARLES. B.S., State Univ. of Minn.,

96; A.M., Columbia Univ., 04; N.Y. Univ., or-o2; N.Y.

( 162 )

Bot. Garden, 02-06, 0o8-. Teacher of Biology, De Witt
Clinton High School, N. Y.
The mycorhiza problem.

Humpurey, CLARENCE JOHN. A.B. and B.S., State Univ. of Ne-
braska, 06. Assistant in the department of Botany, Cornell
Univ.

Laxonomy of Polyporaceae.

Humpureyrs, Epwin Wititram. A.B., Coll. of the City of N. Y.,
03; A.M., Columbia Univ., 06; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 05-06,
and voluntary assistant to Dr. Hollick. Teacher in the Ele-
mentary Schools of N. Y. City.

Paleobotany.

Jackson, HERBERT SPENCER. A.B., Cornell Univ., 05; N. Y.

Bot. Garden, 07, 08. Fellow in Botany, Harvard Univ.
Fungi of Delaware.

Kurrrer, Erste M. A.B., Barnard Coll., Columbia 99; A.M.,
Columbia, o1; Ph.D., 07; N. Y. Bot. Garden, o1-. Teacher
of Biology, Wadleigh High School, N. Y.

Plant physiology.

* Kimura Toxuzo. A.B., Stanford Univ., 06; Sapporo Agric.

Coll., Japan, 03 ; Columbia Univ., o7-; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 07.
Sex-determination and artificial parthenogenesis.

{ Kern, Frank Dunn. B.S., Iowa State Univ., 04; M.S., Purdue
Univ.,07; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 06. Research scholar, 07—-
08. Assistant Botanist, Indiana Exp. Station.

* Housz, Homer Dotiver. A.B., Syracuse Univ.. 02; A.M.,
Columbia Univ., 04; Ph.D., 08; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 02-03;
Aid N. Y. Bot. Garden, 07-08. Associate Director of Bilt-
more Forest School.

Taxonomy.

MitispauGH, CHARLES FREDERICK. M.D., N. Y. Homeop.
Med. Coll., 81; N. Y. Bot. Garden, various times, 03-08;
Studied in various American and foreign herbaria. Curator,
Dept. of Botany, Field Museum Nat. Hist., Chicago.

Systematic botany.

* RoBINSON, WINIFRED JOSEPHINE. B.S. and Ph.B., State
Univ. of Michigan, 99; A.M., Columbia Univ., 04; Mich.
State Normal Coll.,92; Mich. Agric. Coll., 94; Woods Holl,

( 163 )

99 and oo; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 02-03; Research scholar, 02,
033 — Assistant, o7-08. Instructor in Biology, Vassar
Coll., N. Y.

Toy of ferns of the Sandwich Islands.

Life-history of filmy ferns.

Nutrition of Sarracenia and Drosera.

*Sace, Littran Bette. A.B., Cornell Univ., or; N. Y. Bot.
Garden, 06-08. Teacher of Biology, Washington Irving High
School, N. Y. City.

Taxonomy of mosses ( Jamaica.)

Taytor, ALEXANDRINA. Special student, Barnard Coll., Colum-

bia Univ.; Assistant, 1890-1895; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 1900.
Taxonomy of mosses.

* Witxins, L—ewanna. B.S., Wellesley Coll., 01; Woods Holl
(Wellesley Coll. Table), 96; C. Hart Merriam’s Camp, Cali-
fornia, summer, 98; Goettingen, Germany, spring and sum-
mer, 01; Chicago Univ. (summer school), 05 ; Columbia Univ.
(summer school), 07; N. Y. Bot. Garden, 07, 08. Teacher
of Biology, Eastern High School, Washington, D. C.

+ Witson, Guy West. B.S., De Pauw Univ., 02; A.M., 03;
M.S., Purdue Univ., 06; Aid, N. Y. Bot. Garden, 06-07,
Research scholar, 08. Professor of Biology, Upper Iowa Univ.,
Fayette, Iowa.

( 164 )

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN
Dr. N. L. Britton, DirEcToR-IN-CHIEF.

Sir: Ihave the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1908.

According to a census of the Library taken at the end of
the year, the number of bound volumes was 21,230, an
increase of 772 volumes since the last report. Among the
accessions were 448 volumes purchased on the account of the
special book fund, and 45 received as gifts; the principal
accessions have been listed from time to time in the JouRNAL
of the Garden.

During the year, 289 volumes have been bound; of this
number 33 are the property of Columbia University, on
deposit at the Garden.

The number of catalogue cards written during the year is
about 4,100. This includes the beginning of series of author
and subject reference-cards for the use of the cataloguers.

The appended list shows the periodical and other serial
publications received regularly as issued.

Respectfully submitted,
Joun HENDLEY BARNHART,
Librarian.
LisT oF PERIODICALS

* Periodicals subscribed for by the Garden.

{ Periodicals subscribed for by Columbia University and deposited at the
Garden.

t Periodicals received in exchange by the Torrey Botanical Club and de-
potted at the Gar

All others are ee in exchange by the Garden.

* Académie Internationale de Géographie Botanique, Le Mans,

France. Dudlletin.
coe Experiment oa Auburn, Ala.

aon we Ala.

“ “ 6 Fayetteville, Ark.
‘“ on “ Berkeley, Calif.

(165 )

See Een eon Fort Collins, Colo.
New Haven, Conn.

6 ‘ e Storrs, Conn

73 x3 a3 Newark,

6 a “ pee Fla.

be 6“ “ Experiment, Ga

6 “6 6 Honolulu, Hawaii

“ te ee Moscow, Idaho

ut 7 et Urbana, Il

6 66 te Lafayette, Ind

ve ee - Ames, Iowa

a « - Manhattan, Kan

“ ‘6 6 Lexington, Ky

“ ‘ a Baton Rouge, La

sé 6s 6 oO - Me.

ve sh College Park, Md

ts “ ot Amherst, Mass

ee ve ee Agricultural College, Mich.

66 a ee St. age Park, St. Paul,
Min

“ ae College, Miss.

“ “ a Columbia, Mo

6 “e e Bozeman, Mont

“ - Lincoln, Neb

ee 7 “ Reno, Nev

7 ee Durham, N. H.

“6 a 7 New Brunswick, N. J.

“ 7 7 Mesilla Park, N. Mex.

se “6 “6 Geneva, N. Y.

6 ee at Ithaca, N. Y

6 ee - Raleigh, N. C

“ “ Fargo, N. D

ss &“ “ Wooster, Ohio

6 oe 7 Stillwater, Okla

ss 66 - Corvallis, Oregon

“6 “a a State College, Pa.

66 “6 a Mayaguez, Porto Rico, W. 1

sc 66 se Kingston, I

“ “ - Clemson College, S. C

“ “ 6 Brookings, S. Dak.

(166 )

cence) a plane Knoxville, Tenn.
College Sidon, Texas.

ti 6“ ee Logan, tah.

an és ee Burlington, Vt.

“ 66 « Blacksburg, Va.

“ “ 6s Morgantown, W. Va.
ce ‘6 ‘ ullman, Wash.

a “ “ Madison, Wis.

“ ‘ec “ Laramie, Wyo

Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, Sy mney. N.S. W.
Agricultural Journal of India, Calcutta, India.
Agricultural Ledger, Calcutta, India.
Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama, University, Ala.
Bulletin, Report.
¢ Allgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Alumni Journal, College of Pharmacy, New York, N. Y.
Amani. Biologisch-Landwirtschaftliches Institut, Bezirk Tanga,
Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Ber/chfe.
America. Botanical Society of America. Publications.
America. Society of American Florists, Boston, Mass. Pro-
ceedings.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass. Pro-
ceedings.
American Agriculturist, New York, N. Y.
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Wash-
ington, D. C. roceeding’s.
* American Botanist, Joliet, Il.
American Florist, Chicago, IIL.
* American Homes and Gardens, New York, N. Y.
American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa.
American Journal of Science, New Haven, Conn
American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
Bulletin, Report.
+ American Naturalist, Boston, Mass.
American Philosophical Society, eee. Pa. Proceedings.
American Rose Society, New York, N.Y. Bullet7n.
+ Annales des Sciences Naturelles: Botanique; Paris, France.
Annales Mycologici, Berlin, Germany.
Annali di Botanica; see Rome, R. Istituto Botanico.
+ Annals of Botany, London, England.

(167 )

Antwerp. Jardin Botanique, Antwerp, Belgium. Seed Lists.
Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston, Mass. Appalachia.
Arboriculture: see International Society of Arboriculture.
* Archiv der Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
Ardennes. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Charleville, France.
Bulletin.
Argentine Republic. Museo de La Plata, Argentina. Avxadles.
Argentine Republic. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos
Aires, Argentina. <Avales.
Arkiv fér Botanik: see Sweden, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-
Akademien.
Asiatic Society of Bengal: see Bengal, Asiatic Society.
Asmara. Ufficio Agrario Sperimentale, Asmara, Colonia Eritrea,
N. E. Africa. ZL’ Agricoltura Colontate.
* Association Frangaise pour l’Avancement des Sciences, Paris,
France. Compte Rendu.
Association pour la Protection des Plantes, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bulletin.
Audubon Park: see New Orleans.
Bahama Islands. Agricultural Department, Nassau, N. P., Ba-
hamas. udlletin.
Bambou: see Le Bambou.
Basel. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel, Switzerland. Ver-
handlungen.
Bavaria. Bayerische Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der Heimi-
schen Flora, Munich, Bavaria. Sertchte, \fittetlungen.
* Beitrage zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik, Stuttgart, Germany.
Belgium. Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique, Brussels,
Belgium. Audletin.
Belgrade. Jardin Botanique ‘* Jevremovac,” Belgrade, Servia.
Seed Lists.
Belize. Botanical Garden, Belize, British Honduras, Central
America.
Bengal. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, India. Journal.
Bergianska Tradgirden, Stockholm, Sweden. Acta Aforté
Bergiant,
{ Berlin. Ké6niglicher Botanischer Garten, Berlin, Germany.
Notizblatt.
Bermuda. Report of the Board of Agriculture, Bermuda, W. I.
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.

(168 )

{ Bibliotheca Botanica, Stuttgart, Germany.
* Biltmore Botanical Studies, Biltmore, N. C.
* Biologisches Centralblatt, Leipzig, Germany.
* Biometrika, London, England.
Bombay. Victoria Gardens, Bombay, India. Resort.
Boston. Board of Commissioners of Department of Parks,
Jamaica Plain, Mass. Axnual Report.
Boston. Board of Metropolitan Park Commissioners, Boston,
Mass. Report.
{ Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. Proceedings.
Botanical Gazette, Chicago, Ill.
} Botanical Magazine, London, England.
Botanical Society of America: see America, Botanical Society.
} Botanische Jahrbiicher, Leipzig, Germany.
+ Botanische Zeitung, Leipzig, Germany.
} Botanischer Jahresbericht, Leipzig, Germany.
TB Centralblatt, Cassel, Germany.
+ Botanisches Geatrathlate Beihefte, Cassel, Germany.
t Botanisk Tidsskrift: see Copenhagen, Société Botanique.
Botaniste: see Le Botaniste.
t Botaniska Notiser, Lund, Sweden.
Brandenburg. Botanischer Verein der Provinz Brandenburg,
Berlin, Germany. Verhandlungen.
Braunschweig. Herzoglicher Botanischer Garten, Brunswick,
Germany. Seed Lists.
Bremen. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Bremen, Germany.
Abhandlungen.
* British Mycological Society, Worcester, England. Transactions.
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N.Y. e-
port, Alemotrs of Natural Sctence, Science Bulletin, Mu-
seum News, Cold Spring Harbor Alonographs.
Broteria: Revista de Sciencias Naturaes do Collegio de S. Fiel,
Lisbon, Portugal.
Brussels. Institut Botanique de l'Université, Brussels, Belgium,
Recueil.
Brussels. Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Brussels, Belgium. Bu/-
elin.
* Bryologist, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bucharest. Institut Botanique, Bucharest, Roumania, Bu/letin
de l’ Herbier.

(169)

Budapest. Hortus Botanicus Universitatis Budapestinensis, Bu-
dapest, Hungary. Seed Lésts
Buenos Aires. Jardin Botanico Municipal de Buenos Aires,
Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic. Seed Lists.
Buenos Aires. Museo de Farmacologia, Buenos Aires, Argen-
tine Republic. Zradbajos.
Buenos Aires. Museo Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentine Re-
public. Avzales.
Buffalo Botanic Garden, West Seneca, N. Y.
Buffalo Park Commissioners, Buffalo, N. Y. Annual Report.
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo, N. Y. Bulletin,
* Buitenzorg. Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Java. Ammzales.
Buitenzorg. Jardin Botanique, Buitenzorg, Java. Audletin,
Mededeelingen, Verslag, Icones Bogorienses.
* Bulletin du Jardin Colonial et des Jardins d’Essai des Colonies
Frangaises, Paris, France.
Bulletin of Pharmacy, Detroit, Mich.
Calcutta. Indian Museum, Calcutta, India. Jrdéan Museum
Notes.
{ Calcutta. Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, India. Axzals.
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif. Pro-
ceedings.
California State Agricultural Society, Sacramento, Calif. Traxs-
actions.
California State Board of Horticulture, Sacramento, Calif. Pe-

port.

California. University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Contrd-
butions from the Botanical Seminary, Contributions from
the Botanical Laboratory, Seed Lists, Publications in Bot-
any.

Canada. Botanical Club of Canada, Halifax, Canada. Annual
Report.

Canada. Geological and Natural History Survey, Ottawa, Can-
ada. Contributions from the Herbarium.

Canada. Reportof the Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada.

{ Canadian Record of Science, Montreal, Canada.

Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. 2¢arboo0k, Publications.

Carnegie Institution of Washington: Desert Botanical Labora-
tory, Tucson, Arizona.

(170 )

Carnegie Institution of Washington: Station for Experimental
Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. Papers, Report.
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. Axzals, Annual Reports,
Memoirs.
Catania. Hortus Botanicus Regiae Universitatis Catinensis, Cata-
nia, Italy. Seed Lists.
Cellule: see La Cellule.
* Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie: Abtheilung I, Jena, Germany.
*Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie: Abtheilung II, Jena, Germany.
Charleston. College of Charleston Museum, Charleston, S. C.

Chicago. University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. Contributions
from the Hull Botanical Laboratory.

Chile. Museo Nacional, Santiago de Chile, Chile. Axales.

Christiania. Hortus Botanicus, Christiania, Norway. Seed Lists.

Christiania. Physiographiske Forening, Christiania, Norway.
Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne.

Christiania. Videnskabs-Selskabet, Christiania, | Norway.
Skrifter.

Cincinnati. Botanical Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Journal.

Clara Leigh Dwight Gardens, Mount Holyoke College, Mass.
Seed Lists.

Cold Spring Harbor Monographs: see Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences.

Cologne. Botanischer Garten der Stadt Céln, Cologne, Germany.
Seed Lists.

Colombia. Ministerio de Obras Publicas y Fomento, Bogota,
Colombia. evista.

Colorado College Studies, Colorado Springs, Colo.

Colorado State Board of Agriculture, Denver, Colo. -Axnzal
Report.

Colorado. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. Studzes.

Columbia University, New York, N. Y. Contributions from
the Department of Botany, \emoirs of the Department of
Botany, Contributions from the Department of Geology.

¢ Columbus Horticultural Society, Columbus, Ohio. Journal.
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, Conn.

Transactions.

(171)

Connecticut. Geological and Natural History Survey, Hartford,

onn. utletin
Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, Hartford, Conn. Axzual
Report.

Conservation, Washington, D. C.
Copenhagen. Botanic Garden, Copenhagen, Denmark. Arée7-

er.
{ Copenhagen. Société Botanique, Copenhagen, Denmark. ot-
anisk Tidsskrtft.

Costa Rica. Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, San José de
Costa Rica. Boletin.

Country Life in America, New York, N. Y.

Cracow. Académie des Sciences de Cracovie, Cracow, Austria.
Bulletin International, Catalogue of Polish Sctentific Liter-
ature.

Cuba. Estaciédn Central Agrondémica, Santiago de las Vegas,
Cuba, W.1. Bulletin, Circular.

Cuba Review, New York, N. Y.

Curtis’ Botanical Magazine: see Botanical Magazine.

Davenport Academy of Sciences, Davenport, Ia. Proceedings.

Delaware County Institute of Science, Media, Pa. Proceedings.

Denison University, Granville, O. Budletin of the Sctentific
Laboratories.

Desert Botanical Laboratory: see Carnegie Institution, Desert
Botanical Laboratory.

Detroit. Commissioner of Parks and Boulevards, Detroit, Mich.
Annual Report.

+ Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. Aeréchte.

Deutsche Dendrologische Gesellschaft, Poppelsdorf bei Bonn,
Germany. Jditteclungen.

Dorpat: see Jurjeff.

Dublany. Hortus Botanicus Academicus: see Lemberg, Hortus

Dublin. Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
Seed Lists.
{ Edinburgh Botanical Society, Edinburgh, Scotland. Zransac-

tions.
Edinburgh. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland. Seed

zsts.
Eli Lily and Company, Indianapolis, Ind.

(172)

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill, N.C. Journal.
Eritrea: see Asmara.
Fauna: see Luxemburg, Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois.
*Fern Bulletin, Joliet, Ill.
Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris, France.
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Ill. Pudlications:
Botanical Series, Report Series.
+ Flora, Marburg, Germany.
Florence. R. Orto Botanico, Florence, Italy. Zavorda.
Florida. — of the Commissioner of Agriculture, Jackson-
ville, Flor
Biorida State Aonietiiaesd Society, Jacksonville, Fla. Proceed-

ings.

Florists’ Exchange, New York, N. Y.

Flower Preservation Society of America, Washington, D. C.
Circulars.

Forest and Stream, New York, N. Y.

Forestry Quarterly, Toronto, Ont.

+ France. Société Botanique de France, Paris, France. Bulletin.
France. Société Dendrologique de France, Paris, France. Bul-

in.
France. Société Mycologique de France, Paris, France. ul-

Branko on Main. See iad Naturforschende Gesell-
schaft, Frankfurt a/M., Germany. Berichte
{ Frankfort on Oder. Naturwissenschaftlicher Veies des Regier
ungsbezirkes, Frankfurt a/O., Germany. e@zos.
+ Garden, London, England.
{ Garden Magazine, New York, N. Y.
+ Gardener’s Chronicle, London, England.
{ Gardener’s Chronicle of America, Jersey City, N. J.
Gardening, Chicago, Ill.
* Gartenflora, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
* Gartenkunst, Berlin, Germany.
Geneva. Jardin d’Acclimatation Alpin, Genéve, Switzerland.
Seed Lists.
Geneva. Jardin Botanique de Geneve, Genéve, Switzerland.
Bulletin du Laboratoire Général, Annuaire.
Geneva. Université de Genéve, Laboratoire de Botanique,
Genéve, Switzerland. Hitudes.

shee

#

(173)

Georgia State Horticultural Society, Augusta, Ga. Proceedings.

Gera. Gesellschaft von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in
Gera, Gera, Germany. /ahresbericht.

Gray Herbarium: see Harvard University.

Grenoble. Jardin des Plantes de la Ville de Grenoble, Grenoble,
France. Seed Lists.

Grenoble. Université de Grenoble, Jardins Botaniques Alpins,
Grenoble, France. Seed Lists.

Groningen. Jardin Botanique de l'Université, Groningen, Hol-
land. Seed Lists.

Gulf Biologic Station, Cameron, La. Bulletin.

Hamburg. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, Hamburg, German
Verhandlungen, Botanical papers from the Abhandlungen.

Hamburgische Botanische Staatsinstitute, Hamburg, Germany.
Seed Lists.

Hamilton Scientific Association, Hamilton, Ontario. journal
and Proceedings.

Hardwood Record, Chicago, Ill.

Harlem. Kolonial Museum te Haarlem, Haarlem, Holland.
Bulletin.

Hartley Botanical Laboratories: University of Liverpool, Liver-
pool, England. Pudlications and Reprints.

Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Contributions from the
Gray Hlerbarium, Contributions from the Cryptogamic Lab-
oratory, Contributions from the Phanerogamic Laboratory.

Havana. Jardin Botanico de la Universidad, Havana, Cuba.

Havana. Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba. Revista
dela Facultad de Letras y Ciencias.

Hawaii. Sugar Planter’s Association Experiment Station, Hon-
olulu, Hawaii. Report, Bulletin.

Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Hedwigia, Dresden, Germany.

Helios: see Frankfort on Oder, Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein.

Helsingfors: Universitetets Botaniska Institution, Helsingfors,
Finland. AMfscellaneous botanical reprints and papers.

Hérault. Société d’Horticulture et d’Histoire Naturelle de
VHeérault, Montpellier, France. Axzales

Herbier Boissier, Geneva, Switzerland. udlletin.

Holland. Société Botanique Néerlandaise, Nijmegen, Holland.
Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archtef, Recueil des Travaux
botaniques Néerlandais.

(174)

Hooker’s Icones Plantarum: see Icones Plantarum.
Hopkins Seaside Laboratory: see Leland Stanford Jr. University.
Horticulture, Boston, Mass.
Hortus Thenensis: see Tirlemont.
* House and Garden, Philadelphia, Pa.
Household Journal and Floral Life, Springfield, O.
Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans, La.
Hull Botanical Laboratory: see Chicago University.
Hungary. Institut Central Ampélogique Royal Hongrois, Buda-
pest, Hungary. <Aznales.
t{Icones Plantarum, London, England.
Icones Selectae Horti Thenensis: see Tirlemont.
Illinois Farmer’s Institute, Springfield, Ill. Azzual Report.
Tlinois State Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Ill. Z7razs-

actions.
Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Ill. Bzd-

India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India. Records.
India. Department of Agriculture in India, Pusa, India. d/-

rs.
India. Imperial Department of Agriculture, Calcutta, India.
Annual Report.
India Rubber World, New York, N. Y.
Indian Museum Notes: see Calcutta, Indian Museum.
Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, Ind. Proceedings.
Indiana Horticultural Society, Indianapolis, Ind. Zransactions.
* International Catalogue of Scientific Literature: Botany, London,
England.
International Society of Arboriculture, Connersville, Ind. _47-
oriculture.
Iowa Academy of Sciences, Des Moines, Ia. Proceedings.
Iowa Department of Agriculture, Des Moines, Ia. 2¢arédook.
Iowa Naturalist, Iowa City, Ia.
Towa Park and Forestry Association, Iowa City, Ia. Proceedings.
Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames, Ia.
Contributions from the Botanical Department.
Iowa State Horticultural Society, Des Moines, Ia. Zvransactions.
Iowa State University, lowa City, Iu. Bulletin of the Natural
fTistory Laboratories.
tItaly. Societa Botanica Italiana, Florence, Italy. Budl/ettino,
Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano, Bullettino Libliografico.

(175)

+ Jahrbiicher fiir Wissenschaftliche Botanik, Leipzig, Germany.

* Jahresbericht der Vereinigung der Vertreter der Angewandten
Botanik, Berlin, Germany.

* Jahresbericht tiber das Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten, Berlin,

ermany.
+ Jahresbericht iiber die Fortschritte in der Lehre von den Patho-
genen Mikroorganismen, Leipzig, Germany
Jamaica, Public Gardens and Plantations, Kingston, Jamaica.
Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture.
Japan. Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Tokio,
Japan. Bulletin
Jardin Colonial: see Balan du Jardin Colonial et des Jardins
d’Essai des Colonies Frangaises.
Java. Proefstation voor Suikerriet in West Java, Dutch East
Indies. AMededeelingen.
‘« Jevremovac”: see Belgrade, Jardin Botanique ‘* Jevremovac.”
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Circulars.
* Journal d’Agriculture Tropicale, Paris, France.
{ Journal de Botanique, Paris, France.
* Journal des Roses, Melun, France.
* Journal of Biological Chemistry, New York, N. Y.
{ Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, London, England.
Journal of Geography, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
* Journal of Mycology, Columbus, Ohio.
Journal of Pharmacology, New York, N. Y.
Jurjeff. University, Jurjeff (Dorpat), Russia. Acta forts
Botantct Jurjevensts.
Kansas Academy of Sciences, Topeka, Kans. Zyvansacttons.
Kansas University Science Bulletin, Lawrence, Kans.
Karlsruhe. Botanischer Garten der Technischen Hochschule,
Karlsruhe, Germany. Seed Lists.
Kew. Royal Gardens, Kew, England. Sudletix of Afiscel-
laneous Information.
Kharkow. Société des Naturalistes de Université Impériale a
Kharkow, Kharkow, Russia. Zravaux.
* La Cellule, Lierre, France.
L’Agricoltura Coloniale: see Asmara.
Landshut. Botanischer Verein, Landshut, Bavaria, Germany.
Berichte.
La Plata. Museo de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina. evista.

(176)
* Leaflets of Botanical Observation and Criticism, Washington,
D.C.

* Leaflets of Philippine Botany, Manila, P. I.
Le Bambou, Mons, Belgium.
* Le Botaniste, Poitiers, France.
Leland Stanford Jr. University: Hopkins Seaside Laboratory,
San Francisco, Calif. Contributions.
Lemberg. Hortus Botanicus Academicus Dublanensis, Lemberg,
Austria. Seed Lists.
Leyden. Ryks Herbarium, Leyden, Holland. Azzales du

Leyden. University Botanic Garden, Leyden, Holland. Seed

Liége. Institut Botanique de lUniversité, Liege, Belgium.
Archives.
Lima. Sociedad Geografica de Lima, Lima, Peru. Soletin.
* Lindenia, Brussels, Belgium.
* Linnean Society, London, England. Zvransactions: Botany,
journal: Botany.
Lloyd Mycological Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio. Report, ALyco-
logical Notes, Reproduction Series, Bulletin.
London. Royal Colonial Institute, London, England. Proceed-
ings.
*London. Royal Horticultural Society, London, England. jour-
Z

nal.
f{London. Royal Microscopical Society, London, England
Journa
‘* Lotos”: see Prag, Deutscher Naturwissenschaftlich-medicini
scher Verein fiir BGhmen: ‘ Lotos.”
Lund. Hortus Botanicus, Lund, Sweden. Seed Lists.
Luxemburg. Société Botanique du Grand Duché de Luxembourg
Luxembourg, Gd. Duché de Luxembourg. Recuezl.
Luxemburg. Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, Luxem-
bourg, Gd. Duché de Luxembourg. Fauna.
Lyons. Jardin Botanique de la Faculté Mixte de Medicine et de
Pharmacie, Lyons, France. Seed Lists.
Lyons. Jardin Botanique de la Ville, Lyons, France. Seed Lists.
tLyons. Société Botanique de Lyon, Lyons, France. Azxnales.
McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Papers from the Depart-
ment of Botany.

(177)

4
Macon. Société d’Histoire Naturelle, Macon, France. Audletin.
Madrid. Horto Botanico, Madrid, Spain. Seed Lists.
Magyar Botanikai Lapok, Budapest, Hungary.
Maine. Report of the Agricultural Commissioner, Augusta, Me.
Malay Peninsula. Agricultural Bulletin of the Malay Peninsula,
Singapore, Straits Settlements.
} Malpighia, Genoa, Italy.
Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences, Manchester, N. H.
Proceedings.
Manchester Museum, Owens College, Manchester, England.
Reports, Publications.
* Marcellia, Avellino, Italy.
Marseilles. Institut Colonial, Marseilles, France. Aznales.
Maryland Geological and Natural History Survey, Baltimore, Md.
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. Zransactions.
Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, Boston, Mass. Az-
nual Report, Nature Leaflets.
Mazama, Portland, Oregon.
Mexico. Instituto Medico Nacional, Mexico, Mexico. Axales.
Michigan Academy of Science, Ann Arbor, Mich. efort.
Michigan Horticultural Society, Lansing, Mich. Annual Report.
Michigan. Report of the Secretary of State Relating to Farms
and Farm Products, Lansing, Mich.
Michigan. State ee of Geological Survey of Michigan, Lan-
sing, Mich. efor
Michigan State sie Institutes, Agricultural College, Mich.
Bulletin.
Minnesota. Geological and Natural History Survey, Minneapolis,
Minn. Bulletin, Report.
Minnesota Horticultural Society, Minneapolis, Minn. Zrazs-
action
eee Horticulturist, Minneapolis, Minn.
Miramichi. Natural History Association of Miramichi, Chat-
ham, N. B. Proceedings.
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Report, Seed Lists.
Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Mo.
Bulletin, Report.
Missouri State Horticultural Society, Jefferson City, Mo. An-
nual Report.
Missouri. University of Missouri Studies, Columbia, Mo.

++

(178 )

Modena. R. Orto Botanico, Modena, Italy. Seed Lists.
} Monatsschrift fiir Kakteenkunde, Neudamm, Germany.

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(179)

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(180 )

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(181)

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(182)

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(183 )

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:

Proceedings.

( 184 )

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Seed Lists

(185 )

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Transactions.

( 186 )

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Vierteljahrsschrife.

(187 )

REPORT OF THE HEAD GARDENER

Dr. N. L. Brirron, DrrectTor-1n-CHIEF.

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report for
the year 1908.

Systematic Plantations

HERBACEOUS GRouNnDs. The collection of herbaceous
plants, including those at the nurseries, contains about 2,410
species. There have been added to the show labels already
in position 932 wooden labels and 32 lead ones, making a
total of 964.

Fruticetum. This collection now contains about 1,480
shrubs, illustrating, with some few still at the nurseries, about
700 species and varieties. There have been added during
the year 808 show labels, about 400 of these being required
to replace those stolen in the early part of the year.

SaLicetum. The collection of willows and poplars in the
north meadows remains about the same, with 125 specimens,
including 45 species and varieties.

Decipuous ARBoRETUM. Including those still at the nur-
series and native to the tract, this collection contains about
257 species and varieties. A lead label has been designed
for use here on trees too small to take the ordinary tree label.
It is made after the manner of the regular tree label, but is
smaller, and is attached to a branch of the tree by a large
loop. Of these 60 have been made and placed in position.
The arboretum now contains in place 395 specimens.

Pinetum. In the collection of conifers, including those
still at the nurseries, there are 270 species and varieties;
there are 875 specimens in the pinetum. There have been
added during the year 4 show labels.

ViticETuM. To the vines represented here last year 6
have been added, making a total of 40. For this collection
23 lead labels have been made.

CONSERVATORIES. The collections here embrace 10,090
plants, an increase of 871 since the previous year. In the

( 188 )

following table is indicated the number of plants in each
house :

House no. 1 370 House no. 9 g2
te 2 564 te 10 498
“3 449 © rr 328
7 4 431 a 12 818
“5 1,490 “13 496
“* 6 1,039 ‘14 599
- a ee ‘* 15 15233
be 8 907

In the collections here and those at the propagating houses
there are represented about 205 families, 1,400 genera and
8,000 species and varieties, with a total number of specimens
in both places of about 19,088.

There have been made for these collections during the
year, 2,204 zinc and 164 lead labels, making a total of 2,368.

PropacaTinc Houses anp Nurseries. The study col-
lections of the cactus and stonecrop families occupy the great
part of houses nos. 5 and 6; a large part of house no. 4 has
been at the disposal of the Director of the Laboratories, as
has also a part of the nurseries.

From outside sources there have been received 211 packets
of seeds; of these 46 were obtained by gift, 75 by exchange,
and 90 were collected by members of the staff. There have
been collected in the various plantations 221 packets of seeds.
The propagating houses, including the cold frames, contain
8,998 specimens.

LABELING, RECORDING AND HERBARIUM. The details of
this work have been under the direction of Mr. Norman
Taylor, who has had to assist him one garden aid and one
gardener.

In addition to 600 lead show labels repaired, the following
new show labels, of various kinds, have been made:

Arboretum 60
IIerbaceous Grounds 996
Morphological Garden .........0 cece eeeeeee eens 60

Economic Garden.,......, 100

( 189 )

Conservatories cisecsicted cncetiacebieciis een leeeess 2,368
Pinetum.
Fruticetum: 6.::.c22d022 ¢eca sputter aii eases 808
Viticetu 23
Trees along roads and paths 85
Conservatory pools........... 67
Conservatory decorative beds ....... ......ecesee ee 141
4,712

Accession numbers 29,090-29,937 have been recorded
during the year, making a total of 848 accessions. The
total number of plants derived from all sources has been
2,358, of which 410 were by gift, 233 from exchanges, 482
derived from seeds, 134 from our own collections, and 1,114
by purchase.

To the herbarium of cultivated plants have been added 963
specimens, 238 from the conservatory collections and 4725
from those outside.

In the following table will be found the approximate num-
ber of species and varieties in each collection.

Conservatories ...... ..... 8,000
Herbaceous Grounds 2,410
Fruticetum 700
Deciduous Arboretum 257
Pinetum 0.0... Jee 2470
Salicetum ............-. 45
Viticetum 40

11,722

Miscellaneous Collections

MoRPHOLOGICAL GARDEN. This collection has been main-
tained during the year as it was in 1907. There have been
added 48 wood and 6 lead show labels, making a total of 54.

Economic Garpen. The amount of ground here under
cultivation was considerably increased last year, experience
demonstrating that some of the more vigorous plants needed
more space for their proper exhibition and also to prevent
their encroaching upon the space allotted to less robust neigh-
bors. This extended space added much to the appearance of

( 190 )

the exhibit. No new beds were added. A total of 100 show
labels has been added, comprising 87 wood and 13 lead.

AMERICAN DeserRT PLants. The same space in the court
of the conservatories was devoted to this collection as in the
previous year. The plants are set out the latter part of May
and returned to the houses during the first week in Septem-
ber. There were used in this display about 550 plants, repre-
senting 7 families.

ConserRvATorY Lity Poots. The plants here proved a
feature of great interest. The tender sorts in the west pool
and the hardy ones in the easterly one have not been sur-
passed in previous years in the luxuriance of growth and
abundance of flowers. It was decided not to attempt to heat
the pool for the tender kinds, where the Victora had previ-
ously been grown, after heat was no longer needed for the
conservatories, so it was not possible to grow successfully the
largest of all water lilies, the I’7ctorza. To those already
in position here 67 lead show labels were added.

ConsERVATORY FLOWER GARDEN. The decorative beds
installed in the grass plots to the north of the conservatories
have been maintained. The perennials have now secured a
firm foothold and made an excellent show during the past
summer. Show labels to the number of 141 were added.
During the past fall about 6,000 bulbs were planted here,
including tulips, narcissus, chionodoxas, snow-drops and
hyacinths.

General Horticultural Operations

For the prosecution of this the available force consisted of
the following: 2 foreman-gardeners, 17 gardeners, 4 appren-
tices and 14 laborers. In addition to these there were
3 drivers for mowing and hauling, one for the entire time,
the others for the mowing season.

This force was detailed as follows: 1 foreman-gardener,
ro gardeners and 2 apprentices to the conservatories, includ-
ing the care of the decorative planting in the immediate vicin-
ity and of the flower beds and urns at the fountain at the foot
of the museum approach; 1 foreman-gardener, I gardener

(191 )

and 2 apprentices to the propagating houses for the early part
of the year, and later, 2 gardeners and 2 apprentices, 1 of the
latter being withdrawn in July; 1 foreman-gardener, 4 gar-
deners and the laborers to the work outside.

The change in the force at the propagating houses was due
to the resignation in March of the foreman-gardener at the
conservatories. This necessitated a readjustment, and the
foreman-gardener, Richard Richter, in charge of the propa-
gating houses was promoted by transferral to the conserva-
tories, being given oversight of the work at both places, a
gardener from the conservatories taking charge of the details
of the work at the propagating houses under his direction.

The force for the outside work was divided as follows:
museum tract, 2 laborers; conservatory tract, 1 gardener and
I or 2 laborers; west border tract, 1 gardener and 1 laborer ;
fruticetum tract, 1 gardener, 2 laborers and 1 apprentice;
herbaceous grounds tract, 1 gardener and 4 laborers; for
miscellaneous operations, including the care of the arbore-
tum, scythe work and the cleaning of walks, 4 laborers.
Upon the completion of gardening operations in the fall, 2
of the gardeners were transferred to the consevatories.

A large amount of new park planting was completed dur-
ing the year. During January, trees of the swamp oak and
of the sweet gum were transplanted from the vicinity to the
borders of the road connecting the fruticetum with the north-
ern entrance to the grounds. During the spring the follow-
ing planting was done: the beds devoted to the honeysuckle
and rose families, on opposite sides of the path from the mu-
seum to the Harlem depot, were rearranged and thinned out,
about one half the material being removed and used else-
where; the rose bed near the Harlem depot was abandoned,
as the surroundings required more conspicuous treatment, the
rose bushes being distributed in the west border and other
decorative collections, their place being taken by a miscella-
neous collection of shrubs of the hydrangea family, obtained
from elsewhere on the grounds; the forsythia and lilac bed on
the south side of the depot plaza was rearranged, the surplus,

(192 )

about one third of the plants, being used elsewhere; the
planting of the north bank, at the exit of the Southern Boule-
vard to Bedford Park, was improved by the addition of a
number of plants of aralia, supplementing those already there ;
bitter-sweet vines were planted on the rock at the south en-
trance; to avoid an element of danger, as they obscured the
view of drivers of vehicles, all the larger shrubs in the beds
opposite to the spruce collection, between the walk and the
road, were removed and transferred to the old rose bed,
already referred to—the place made vacant was filled with
lower-growing shrubs; the corners between the road and the
paths, opposite the planting at the south gate, were planted
with Japanese barberries, obtained elsewhere in the grounds;
the planting of the south border, between the path and the
road, was completed —the extension running from the knoll
to the culvert at the conifer collection -—— the shrubs necessary
being derived from an overhauling of other parts of the border
to the west, from the beds devoted to the honeysuckle and
rose families, already referred to, and from the nursery,
the latter including a number of American thorns; a corner
in the fruticetum, opposite the rose collection, was planted
with the large rose bushes from the old rose bed; ornamental
plantings of boxes, sumacs and Japanese maples were in-
stalled on the banks of the fruticetum opposite the collections
containing such plants; boxes were planted on the south side
of the fountain enclosure at the foot of the museum approach;
the small central grass plot to the north of the conservatories
was replanted with a collection of conifers, obtained from Mr.
Lowell M. Palmer, the previous planting at that place not
being satisfactory ; 12 American elms were placed along both
sides of the south road between the knoll and the south gate;
the point to the south of the taxodium collection, separating
the path from the road, was planted with a miscellaneous col-
lection of roses; the natural growth on the border of the wood-
land at the southeast corner of the morphological garden was
supplemented with other wild shrubs obtained on the grounds.

During the fall the following work was finished: the low

(193 )

land to the south of the culvert in the conifer collection was
planted with willows and poplars from the old nursery; the
triangle in the herbaceous grounds, in the neighborhood of
the sedge collection, was filled in with wild shrubs obtained
in the grounds; the bank and strip between the path and
road, on the east end of the long bridge, was planted with
Japanese barberries and viburnums; that portion of the west
border, south of the Mosholu bridge, formerly devoted to a
collection of dahlias, was permanently planted with shrubs ;
the beds of shrubs on both sides of the path leading from the
elevated approach to the conservatories were replanted,
about one half of the material being removed; the com-
pletion of the fence along the south boundary made the
planting of shrubs there desirable, and the strip of ground
between the path and the fence was devoted to a miscellane-
ous collection of shrubs derived from a thinning out of the
border on the opposite side of the path, from the beds near
the elevated approach, already referred to, from our own
nurseries, and from the woods. The usual horticultural
operations were prosecuted during the year: the pruning of
trees, including a thorough inspection of those constituting
the arboretum collection ; top-dressing lawns and around such
shrubs and trees as required it; the protection of half tender
plants from the cold; the raking and gathering of fallen
leaves which were preserved in piles to make leaf-mold, so
necessary in greenhouse operations and for the top-dressing
around conifers; the turning over of manure and leaf-mold
piles; and much other work of this nature.

Investigations

Mr. Norman Taylor, custodian of the plantations, in
addition to his work on the cultivated plants, has continued
his studies on the genus Potamogeton, and has submitted for
publication in ‘* North American Flora” the manuscript
embodying the results of his studies on these plants and upon
the other families in the Naiadales.

In addition to my executive duties and my work upon the

( 194 )

cultivated plants, especially among the orchids and brome-
liads, I have completed and submitted for publication the
following manuscripts: The Grasses of Jamaica, treated
much after the same manner as your work on the sedges of
the same island; the tribes Maydeae and Androgoneae of
the grass family, for publication in ‘* North American Flora.”
Respectfully submitted,
GEORGE V. Nasu,
flead Gardener.

(195 )
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF
GROUNDS

Dr. N. L. Britron, DirectTor-in-CuHIiEF.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report fo:
the year 1908.

Construction of Driveways

The driveway approach to the main entrance of the new
conservatories east of the Bronx River, 7oo feet in length
and 4o feet in width, was completely paved, covered with
trap rock, screened, rolled and opened for use in December.

Construction of the driveway from the plaza near the
Bleecker Street entrance of the Garden, 1,890 feet long and
40 feet wide, which was begun in 1907, was resumed in
October, 2,500 feet of top soil being first removed and carted
to the area north of the museum building and other parts of
the grounds. This road was about two thirds graded and the
line stones laid, and about one fifth of it was covered with
Telford and trap rock. This work is still in progress.

Paths

Much progress in the construction of paths has been made
on the east side of the river between the main road and the
new conservatories. All the paths begun at this point the
previous year and additional lines laid out in the spring were
completed and thrown open to the public during 1908. They
are all 11 feet wide and have a total length of 1,500 feet.

Two paths left in an unfinished condition in 1907, one
north of the large lake and another north of the economic
garden leading to the arbor and branching into the edge of
the hemlock forest, measuring 700 feet in total length, were
completed and opened during the year. Additional paths
have been laid out near the river, one leading from the dam
between the lakes beneath the westerly arch of the long bridge
in a northerly direction and one east of the river on the hill-
side. These have been graded and the line stones laid for a
distance of about 500 feet.

(196 )

About 500 feet of path parallel with the main driveway
south of Newell Avenue bridge in the north meadows was
paved or filled in with soft rock.

The existing paths and sides of the driveways have been
widened and grass gutters regulated where it was found
necessary.

Drainage

A new 6-inch drain was laid from the comfort station east
of the elevated approach to the main sewer north of the ap-
proach, a distance of 210 feet.

Before grading could be begun southwest of the new con-
servatories, eight catch-basins had to be constructed and 360
feet of 6-inch sewer pipe laid; two catch-basins were re-
quired at the junction of the new roads near the Bleecker
Street entrance.

An 8-inch drain was laid under the floor line of the cellar
of the new greenhouses and continued for a distance of 550
feet. The springy condition of the earth under the floor of
the cellar of the new houses made it necessary to lay 182
feet of q-inch tile which was connected with the main drain.

Aljl the catch-basins previously constructed were inspected
and cleaned when necessary.

There has been laid 610 feet of 8-inch drain pipe, 550 feet
of 6-inch, and 182 feet of 3-inch during the year. The
whole drainage system seems to work to perfection.

Regulating and Grading

Early in January the excavation of the cellar for the con-
tinuation of the new conservatories was begun, this cut being
315 feet long, 20 feet wide and 14 feet deep. The 2,338
cubic yards of soil and stone removed were used in filling and
grading about the lakes and along the river. Several low,
swampy grounds and the slopes north of the middle lake and
near the long bridge were filled and brought to finished grade
with top soil obtained from the new paths under construction.

After the additional paths were laid out and the sub-drain-
age completed on the area southwest of the new greenhouses,

(197 )

the grounds were graded and finished with top soil, and the
paths edged with sod and sown with grass seed over an area
of about 1,400 square feet. The slope on the side north of
the road leading from the long bridge east to the plaza near
the stable, about 150 feet, was completely graded and sodded.

An area about 75 by 100 feet, north of the middle lake,
was filled, regulated and sown.

After the completion by contract of the southern boundary
wall and fence extending from the elevated railway station to
the Southern Boulevard, the entire border between the path
and the fence, 2,000 feet in length, with an average width of
about 15 feet, was graded and sown or planted with shrubs.

About one half acre of land north of the museum building
has been graded with top soil obtained from the new road in
process of construction east of the Bronx River and sown.
Regulating and grading is now in progress about the new
conservatories and power house.

Work Performed by [lechanics

Carpenters. In January and February, 32 linear feet of
standard herbarium cases were constructed by our carpenters
for the museum. Twenty new rustic benches were built for
the grounds, and all the older ones put in good repair. The
doors at the entrances of the museum building have been
repaired. The rustic cedar fence along the southern bound-
ary line east of the herbaceous grounds has been extended
425 feet to a path parallel with the driveway through the
forest. In September, 300 blocks for mounting specimens
were made for the museum, and in October, 3,000 feet of
weather strips were put on the windows on the top floor of
the museum building. A new set of doors, 8 x 14 feet, were
made for the power house, in addition to various indoor
repairs. °

A number of small jobs and minor repairs had to be looked
after during the year, such as reconstructing the entrances
to the stable and repairing the stable fence, repairing the
sash, doors and locks in the propagating houses and con-
servatories, and mending the wagons, carts and tools.

( 198 )

Painters. The walls and ceiling on the landing from the
first floor of the museum building and on the second floor of
the east wing were painted with three coats and stippled.
All the exterior wood and metal work of the building received
one coat. All the entrances and doors were scraped and
painted with four coats of varnish, and all the iron work and
skylights on the roof received two coats.

The entire conservatory range below the gutter line was
painted with one coat, and the gutters were cleaned and
painted. Considerable glazing and other repairing was nec-
essary during the year. The roofs of all the propagating
houses were shaded in early spring, and also the exterior of
all the houses except 5 and 6.

All the uprights and gutters of the stable and the picket
fence around the yard were painted with one coat.

The exterior wood and metal work of the comfort station
for men was painted with one coat, and the hardwood trim-
ming on the interior was varnished.

The exterior wood work of the power house was painted

with one coat and the skylights and other iron work received
two coats. All the wood work on the interior received one
coat.
In addition to the above, the painters have at various times
engaged in emergency work in all the buildings, replacing
broken glass, renovating garden signs, painting iron fences,
carts and other machinery.

Stone Masons. The construction of a wall and iron fence
along the southern property line made it necessary to remove
and relocate the steam heating connection and the sewer of
the men’s comfort station. A trench was made 210 feet in
length and 18 by 14 inches in cross-section, with concrete
bottom, brick sides and covering of blue-stone flags, in which
the steam pipes were placed, and a 6-inch sewer was laid out-
side the brick work of this trench and connected with the
main drain. A portion of the roof of the museum building
was put in repair, 1,644 square feet of tile being taken up,
and relaid in cement and concrete where it was found neces-
sary. The gutters and leaders were put in good condition.

(199 )

The steps in front of the building and most of the area
walls in front and at the sides have been pointed up and some
of the terra cotta work reset and filled.

The joints of the 4-foot exterior limestone wall of the
conservatories, constructed of blocks 18 by 18 inches, have
been repaired and pointed for a distance of 1,380 feet.

On the roof of the power house, 450 square feet of tiling
has been relaid in cement, the top walls being pointed and
reconstructed where necessary.

Eleven catch-basins and dry-wells were constructed during
the year, all fitted with iron covers.

Plumbers. The 4-inch water-main laid up to the northern
corner of the new conservatories in 1907 was extended 80 feet
to the subway, and connected to a 3-inch galvanized pipe 180
feet in length extending to the power house.

Repairs were necessary at the comfort stations, but all
work of that kind since July 15 was done by employees.

Blacksmith. All the drills used in the quarry were sharp-
ened and the carts, one wagon, a sleigh, some agricultural
machinery and various small tools were put in good repair.

Stable, Horses and Equipments

The stable has been kept in a sanitary condition and good
repair. Of the eight horses, seven are in excellent condition.
The expenditures for feed amounted to $854.12, and for
horse-shoeing, $185.50.

An inventory and inspection in December showed the
agricultural machinery to be in good condition and sufficient
number for the present, with the exception of two side-bar
lawn-mowers which cannot be repaired to advantage.

Miscellaneous
It gives me pleasure to report that with an increase of
visitors during the summer fewer violations of Garden restric-
tions were recorded, only four arrests having been made by our
special guards. In each case the court imposed a fine of
from one to five dollars. The greatest injury now done by

( 200 )

the public is in the hemlock forest, where new trails are being
made in all directions.

The upper and middle lakes have been cleaned of pond
weed several times, and all the lakes and swampy grounds
were treated with copper sulphate or kerosene monthly during
the summer.

A great number of rounded boulders found in old stone
fences and excavations have been used to build a low pro-
tection-wall along the steep bank of the Bronx River, where
the driveway approaches near the bank.

Respectfully submitted,
F. A. ScHILLING,
Superintendent of Grounds.

(201 )

SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING 1908, UNDER
APPROPRIATIONS

1. City MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT $75,000.00

Salaries and Wages

A ppropriated 63,500.00
Expended.
Salaries 62,495.35
Labor 1,262.69 63,758.04
Balance 41.96
Repairs and Renewals. (Buildings)
Appropriated 1,000.00
Expended 997.32
Balance 2.68
Supplies
A ppropriated 10,000.00
Expended through Park Depart-
ment contracts for coal............ 9,962.53

Expended by N. Y. Botanical Gar-
den 37-47 10,000.00

Incidental Expenses
A satad
Privt 100.00
Expended 100.00

Telephone — Rental of

Appropriated...... 0... cccceee cece e cesses rere es 100.00
Expended 89. 13
Balance 10.87

Total expended 74944-49

Balance Soest

2. CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT
January 1, Balance of Appro-
priation brought forward....... 90,911.41
August 4, New Appropriation... 25,000.00
Premium on Bonds................ 2,492.56 118,403.97

( 202 )

Expended through Park Department, mis-
cellaneous contracts and expenditures.....

Expended by N. Y. Botanical Garden.
Salaries and labor 7555234
Sundry expenses wesw 1,675.34

Total expended
Available balance

3. GARDEN ACCOUNTS

Assistance for Treasurer

Appropriated
Expended

Circulars for Membersh

Appropriated

Expended

Transferred to Photography
Balance

Contingent Fund
Appropriated
Expended..
Transferred to Investigations at other Insti-

tutions

Transferred to Library ........ J... ceceeeee eee
Transferred to Museums and Herbarium.....
Transferred to Publications
Transferred to Lectures

B

alance

Contribution to Jlarntenance

yee |

A

Expended — Labor
Expended — Supplies ....... cece cee eee
Balance .............00. cece sees eee

Appropriate ia: ccsusmatessee sis ristel lied

Expended

96,334-71
9,227.68
105,562.39
12,841.58
180.00
180.00
ip
200.00
154.64
45.00 199.64
36
1,500.00
760.36
100.00
185.00
310.00
100.00
20.00 1,475.36
24.64
15,000.00
95345 -S2
5,637-28 14,983.10
16.90
480.00
480.00

(203 )
Expenses of Consulting Chemist

A ppropriated 300.00
EX pended seis se voadsc ead wiiencee’ penbneata tasks 300.00
Exploration and Collecting

Appropriated $00.00
Refund — overcharge on C. O. Du... 5.11 805.11
Expended 795-79
Balance......... ccc cece esas cece eee 39-32
Horticultural Prizes
Appropriated ..... 200.00
Expended 162.00
Transferred to Photography...... ..........0.5. 38.00 200.00
Income of Lydig Fund. (Publications)
Appropriated........ 2,000.00
Subscriptions to North American Flora...... 1,c66.60 3,066.60
Expended 25942.45
Balance: i.ssc2y usesedsvevsaviacads 124.15

Income of Stokes Fund. (Preservation of Native Plants)

Appropriated

Balance

Income of Students Research Fund

Appropriated
alance
Insurance
Appropriated 400.00
Transferred from Laboratories. ................ 20.00
Expended baganaieates —
Balance

Investigations at other Institutions

Appropriated 100.00
Transferred from Contingent Fund............ 100.00
Expendéd (.caiiitessieri tis decssieoad eee ieee)

Balance:s: sgidssestegee eedewesen.

50.00
50.00

50 00
50.00

( 204)

Laboratortes
Appropriated........ 700.00
Expended 387.86
Transferred to Lectures and Lantern Slides... 120.00
Transferred to Insurance 20.00
Transferred to Publication 150.00
Transferred to Purchase of Plants................ 10.00 =: 687.86
Balance 12.14
Lectures and Lantern Slides
Appropriateds:. :sescsitts bese teteeraeene ea teades 500.00
Transferred from Laboratories 120.00
Transferred from Contingent Fund.............. 20.00 640.00
Expended 633.28
Balance 6.72
Library
Appropriated 1,000.00
Transferred from Contingent Fund........ ..... 185,00 1,185.00
Expended.. 1,180.42
Balance 4.58
Museums and Herbartum
Appropriated 1,200.00
Refund — overcharge on expressage ............ +35
Transferred from Contingent Fund.............. 310.00 1,510.35
Expended ......... 1,505.17
Balance 5. 18
Photography
ppropriated ss... csmieauseiaggaue Geen 100.00
Transferred from Circulars for Membership 45.00
Transferred from Horticultural Prizes.. ........ 38.00 183.00
pended tiaiuks uc, sem dar lakers sag bewa, cdleeauues 164.86
Balance 18.14
Publications. (General Fund )
Appropriated 1,000.00
Transferred from Contingent Fund ........... 100.00
Transferred from Laboratories ................. 150.00 1,250.00
TEX PONE coi nsvidvews isc ednevecaceeserere dase anil 124.547
Balance 8.43

( 205 )
Purchase of Plants

Appropriated 100.00

Transferred from Laboratories.................. 10.00

Expended =
Bala ne@siccisidecdeacveseeeae hers es

Research Scholarships

Appropriatcd
Expended

Balance .tierssasiveescses seteev en

Secretary

A * ted
Expended........ Seivude ds
Total appropriated for Garden Accounts..... 27,660.00
Subscriptions (Income of Lydig Fund)...... 1,066.60
Refunds 5.46
Total expended for Garden Accounts.........

Balance

4. SPECIAL GARDEN ACCOUNTS

Conservatory Fund

110.00

103.13

6.87

300.00

250.00

50.00

1,500.00
1,500.00

28,732.06
28,281.04

451.02

3409-52

31366.79

Subscribed 1900 2,110.00 |
Subscribed 1901........c.cccccececcceeeeeeeee seats 25.00
Refund — Balance on draft ............0....0065 15.27
Subscribed 1902 486.55
Refund — Unexpended Balance 9-70
Subscribed 1903 0... ccscceceseeseeeeeeeeeee eeeee 200.00
Sale of duplicate palms.. £00.00
Sale of plants 78.00
Sale of palms 1904 125.00
Subscribed 1908 260.00
Expended 1900 710.44
Expended rgo1 1,437-42
Expended 1902 ......... 404.41
Expended 1903 447.66
Expended 1904 121.21
Expended 1908 ; 245.65
Balance

42.73

(206 )

Exploration Fund

Subscribed 1901 2,050.00
Refund — Balance on draft 87.59
Subscribed 1902 2,130.00
Refund — Unexpended Balance 180.56
Subscribed 1903 1,565.00
Refunds — Unexpended Balances ............. 275.11
Subscribed 1904.......ecsceeeeeseseeeeeseevee eeees 3,183.45
Refunds — Unexpended Balances eg 110.50
Subscribed 1905 2,575.00
Sale of duplicate palms 100.00
Refunds — part of expenses — Exploration
to the Bahamas eee 125.00
Subscribed 1906 1,050.00
Subscribed 1907............ 2,510.00
Refunds 529.84
Subscribed 1go3........ 3,930.00
Refund — Unexpended Balance 14.49 20,416.54
Expended igor 2,130.05
Expended 1902 1,258.32
Expended 1903 2,880.72
Expended 1004 aacasstes cevio vas eessaggienes 2,878.28
Expended 1905 ........ cece eee eee ee ene c eee cena 3,003.37
Expended 1906 1,027.25
Expended 190? vsicsiset nisiacieet teed pee ee 2,274.94
Expended 1908 3,912.13 19,365.86
Balance 1,050.68
Museum and Herbarium Fund
Subscribed rgor 1,500.00
Subscribed 1902.........c.ccceceeceee ee cee eee eeu ee 655.00
Refund (advance charges on specimens ac-
count of R. S. Williams)................00085 131.09
Subscribed 1903 , 1,405.00
Sale of specimens 29.50
Subscribed 1904. 3. :ctedeges- teuseeeeaee Geel. 100.00
Subscribed 1906 2,550.00
Subscribed 1908 1,575.00 8,245.59
FEexpended 1901 .iosicaaes catieeaiee ie weston aaeias 1,546.19

Expended: 19020 incgiees madecsin teal Gaede soos 1,024.96

(207 )

Expended 1903 1,437.63

Expended 1904 100.00

Expended 1906 2,224.57

Expended 1907 250.00

Expended 1908 ........ 1,646.90 8,230.25
Balance 15.34

Special Book Fund

Subscribed 1899 4,950.00

Subscribed 1901 1,825.00

Subscribed 1902 2,265.00

Subscribed 1903 1,315.00

Special contribution from Mr. Andrew

Carnegie 1,997.88

Sale of books 59.60

Refunded — Balance on drafts 20.93

Subscribed 1904 1,540.00

Sale of duplicate books 15.15

Subscribed 1905 2,175.00

Sale of duplicate books 25.50

Subscribed 1906 310,00

Subscribed 1907 100.00

Subscribed 1908.44 we dernces es ove eee euneen ee 3,130.00 19,729.06

Expended 1899 1,916.65

Expended rg00 2,395.28

Expended rgo1 ........ 2,463.02

Expended 1902 2,256.25

Expendéd 1903 iscandijcunsestser equ: Seveceera rus 3397-75

Expended i904 1,031.92

Expended 1905 2,178.99

Expended 1906 748.29

Expended 1907 195.28

Expended 1908 2,760.36 19,343.79
Balance 385.27

Total expended from Funds of the Garden 36.846.08

Water S. GROESBECK,
Accountant.
E. & O.E.

NEW YORK, January II, 1909.

( 208 )

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS,
FELLOWS AND MEMBERS

To THE BoarpD oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York Botan-

ICAL GARDEN.

Gentlemen: The number of new members who have
qualified during the past year is 34. The number of annual
members is now 892; life members 161; sustaining members
26; fellowship members 6.

f these 41 are now in arrears for dues for 1908, Io are in
arrears for 1907 and 1908, 8 are in arrears for 1906, 1907
and 1908, 6 are in arrears for 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1908,
and 6 are in arrears for 1904, 1905, 1406, 1907 and 1908.

Dues have been collected to the amount of $9,485 which
has been transmitted to the Treasurer as received.

One person has qualified as a life member by the payment
of $250. This sum has been transmitted to the Treasurer
for credit to the Endowment Fund.

A complete list of all classes of members to date is here-
with submitted.

BENEFACTORS

Hon. Addison Brown,
Andrew Carnegie,
Columbia University,

* Hon. Charles P. Daly,

D. O. Mills,

J. Pierpont Morgan,
John D. Rockefeller,

* Cornelius Vanderbilt.

PATRONS

Oakes Ames,
* Mrs. Geo. Whitfield Collord
* James M. Constable,

rf

Miss Helen M. Gould,
Mrs. Esther Herrman,
John S. Kennedy,

* Deceased.

* Oswald Ottendorfer,
Lowell M. Palmer,
William Rockefeller,

* Wm. C. Schermerhorn,
Jas. A. Scrymser,

* Samuel Sloan,

Mrs. Antoinette Eno Wood.

( 209 )

FELLowsS For LIFE

James B. Ford,
John Innes Kane,

Francis Lynde Stetson,

Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes,
Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes,
Samuel Thorne,

Tiffany & Co.,

H. C. von Post.

Lir—E MEMBERS

Edward D. Adams,

Dr. Felix Adler,

A. G. Agnew,

Mrs. James Herrman Aldrich,
Bernard G. Amend,
Constant A. Andrews,
J. Sherlock Andrews,
Dr. 8. T. Armstrong,
Mrs. H. D. Auchincloss,
Samuel P. Avery,
Samuel D. Babcock,
Geo. V. N. Baldwin,
Miss Cora F. Barnes,
Dr. John Hendley Barnhart,
Gustav Baumann,
Samuel R. Betts,

Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Miss Mary M. Billings,
Miss Catherine Bliss,

J. O. Bloss,

George Blumenthal,
George C. Boldt,

G. F. Bonner,

Geo. S. Bowdoin,

J. Hull Browning,
Miss Matilda W. Bruce,
Joseph Bushnell,

T. Morris Carnegie,
Frank R. Chambers,
Hugh J. Chisholm,
Hugh J. Chisholm, Jr.,
Geo. C. Clark,

Banyer Clarkson,

Win. F. Cochran,

William Colgate,

Miss Georgette T. A. Collier,
rs. William Combe,

W. E. Connor,

Theodore Cooper,

Zenas Crane,

R. N. Cranford,

Melville C. Day,

Mrs. John Ross Delafield,

Miss Julia L. Delafield,

Maturin L. Delafield, Jr.,

Anthony Dey,

W. B. Dickerman,

James Douglas,

Miss Josephine W. Drexel,

Miss Ethel DuBois,

Miss Katharine DuBois,

Win. A. DuBois,

Geo. E. Dunscombe,

Thomas Dwyer,

Newbold Edgar,

George Ehret,

David L. Einstein,

Ambrose K. Ely,

Amos F. Eno,

Edward J. Farrell,

Mrs. H. J. Fisher,

Andrew Fletcher,

Chas. R. Flint,

Henry C. Frick,

Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs,
James J. Goodwin,
Daniel Guggenheimer,
Bernard G. Gunther,
Franklin L. Gunther,
Frederic R. Halsey,
Chas. J. Harrah,
Dr. Louis Haupt,
R. Somers Hayes,
James J. Higginson,
George B. Hopkins,
Samuel N. Hoyt,
Gen. Thos. H. Hubbard,
Archer M. Huntington,
Frank D. Hurtt,
James H. Hyde,
Mrs. Columbus O’D. Iselin,
Theo. F. Jackson,
Dr. Walter B. James,
Dr. E. G. Janeway,
Miss Annie B. Jennings,
Walter R. T. Jones,
Eugene Kelly, Jr.,
Nathaniel T. Kidder,
William M. Kingsland,
H. R. Kunhardt,
W. B. Kunhardt,
Charles Lanier,

. V. Lawrence,
Meyer H. Lehman,
Mrs. Geo. Lewis,
Joseph Loth,
David Lydig,
C. W. McAlpin,
Guy R. McLane,
Emerson McMillin,
Wm. H. Macy, Jr.,
Mrs. Wm. H. Macy, Jr.,
Dr. Francis H. Markoe,
Louis Marshall,

(210)

Edgar L. Marston,
radley Martin,

Dr. Geo. N. Miller,

A. G. Mills,

John G. Moore,

Hon. Levi P. Morton,

Sigmund Neustadt,

A. Lanfear Norrie,

Gordon Norrie,

Geo. M. Olcott,

Mrs. Chas. Tyler Olmstead,

Wm. Church Osborn,

Henry Parish,

Geo. Foster Peabody,

Wm. Hall Penfold,

Geo. W. Perkins,

W. H. Perkins,

Mrs. Henry C. Potter,

James Tolman Pyle,

M. Taylor Pyne,

Geo. W. Quintard,

J. C. Rodgers,

H. H. Rogers,

Jacob Rubino,

Thomas F. Ryan,

Dr. Reginald H. Sayre,

Edward C. Schaefer,

Jacob H. Schiff,

Mortimer L. Schiff,

Grant B. Schley,

Mrs. I. Blair Scribner,

Isaac N. Seligman,

Geo. Sherman,

William D. Sloane,

James Speyer,

Anson Phelps Stokes,

Miss Ellen J. Stone,

Albert Tag,

Paul G. Thebaud,

Charles G. Thompson,

(211)

Robert M. Thompson, John I. Waterbury,
Miss Phebe Anna Thorne, Miss Emily A. Watson,
William Thorne, S. D. Webb,

Wm. Stewart Tod, Dr. W. Seward Webb,
Spencer Trask, Mrs. Joseph M. White,
Miss Anna Murray Vail, John D. Wing,

F. T. Van Beuren, Charles T. Yerkes,

Dr. Henry Freeman Walker, Jeremiah L. Zabriskie.
F. N. Warburg,
FELLOwsHip MEMBERS

George A. Archer, Geo. W. Perkins,

Mrs. Farquhar Ferguson, Mortimer L. Schiff,

George Foster Peabody, Wm. D. Sloane.
SUSTAINING MEMBERS

Miss Elizabeth Billings, Prof. Morris Loeb,

Temple Bowdoin, Rev. Haslett McKim,

Dr. N. L. Britton, Jacob Mahler,

Miss Mary T. Bryce, Edgar L. Marston,

Mrs. William Bryce, Arthur M. Mitchell,

T. Morris Carnegie, Miss Eva V. C. Morris,

Chas. F. Cox, Quincy L. Morton,

D. Stuart Dodge, Wma. Church Osborn,

James Dougias, Miss Martha Potter,

Wn. B. Osgood Field, Mrs. Auguste Richard,

Wm. H. Fischer, T. G. Sellew,

John Greenough, Rev. J. Henry Watson,

O. H. Kahn, John T. Willets.

ANNUAL MEMBERS

Dr. Robert Abbe, D. D. Allerton,

David T. Abercrombie, Robert F. Amend,

Fritz Achelis, G. Amsinck,

Ernest R. Ackerman, John A. Amundson,

Samuel Adams, Ernest J. H. Amy,

Dr. I. Adler, Courtland Anable,

Mrs. Cornelius R. Agnew, A. J. C. Anderson,

Mrs. William Alexander, J. M. Andreini,

John E. Alexandre, A. B. Ansbacher,

J. H. Alexandre, John D. Archbold,

Francis J. Arend,
Reuben Arkush,

Mrs. H. O. Armour,
Col. John Jacob Astor,
Hugh D. Auchincloss,
John W. Auchincloss,
Pearce Bailey,

Miss Charlotte S. Baker,
Frederic Baker,

Geo. F. Baker,

Stephen Baker,
Frederick H. Baldwin,
Alwyn Ball, Jr.,

Mrs. Thos. R. Ball,
Mrs. P. Hackley Barhydt,
John S. Barnes,

Miss Mildred Barnes,
Wm. M. Barnum,

Mrs. William Barr,
Geo. D. Barron,

Chas. Baskerville,

E. W. Bass,

Chas. Batchelor,

Paul Baumgarten,

Mrs. N. E. Baylies,
Alfred N. Beadleston,
Wm. R. Beal,

Dr. C. Adelbert Becker,
Gerard Beekman,

M. H. Beers,

August Belmont,
James H. Benedict,

L. L. Benedict,

James Gordon Bennett,
Miss Mary Benson,
Eugene M. Berard,
Chas. M. Bergstresser,
Gustav Bernheim,

Mrs. Adolph Bernheimer,
Chas. L. Bernheimer,

C212.)

Simon E. Bernheimer,
Philip Berolzheimer,
S. Reading Bertron,
Edward J. Berwind,
G.N. Best,

Henry Beste,

Albert S. Bickmore,
Eugene P. Bicknell,
Mrs. Sylvan Bier,
Mrs. F. Norton Biggs,
L. Horatio Biglow,
Moses Bijur,

Joseph A. Bill,
Frederick Billings,
Harold Binney,

W. H. Birchall,

H. R. Bishop,

James C. Bishop,

Mrs. D. C. Blair,

Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman,
Mrs. S. A. Blatchford,
Cc. D. Blauvelt,
Cornelius N. Bliss,
Ernest C. Bliss,

Miss S. D. Bliss,

Jno. H. Bloodgood,
Miss R. C. Boardman,
Mrs. Edward C. Bodman,
Henry W. Boettger,
Edward C. Bogert,
Frank S. Bond,

Mrs. Sydney C. Borg,
Frederick G. Bourne,
John M. Bowers,
James B. Brady,

cE. T. Bragaw,

Miss Cornelia G. Brett,
Mrs. Benjamin Brewster,
Elbert A. Brinckerhoff,
John R. Brinley,

Chas. Astor Bristed,
Jno. I. D. Bristol,

Miss May C. Bristol,
Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton,
Mrs. Kate M. Brookfield,
Mrs. H. D. Brookman,
Edwin H. Brown,

Miss E. W. Brown,
John Crosby Brown,

M. Bayard Brown,
Robert I. Brown,
Vernon C. Brown,

W. P. Brown,

F. W. Bruggerhoff,

H. B. Brundrett,

Mrs. Lloyd Bryce,
William Bryce, Jr.,

W. Buchanan,

Albert Buchman,
Edwin M. Bulkley,

Dr. L. Duncan Bulkley,
W.L. Bull,

Dr. H. C. Bumpus,
James A. Burden, Jr.,
Edward G. Burgess,
Dr. Edward S. Burgess,
Mrs. Edward M. Burghard,
Chas. W. Burroughs,
John S. Bush,

Mrs. Wendell L. Bush,
Miss Helen C. Butler,

Mrs. Daniel Butterfield,
John L. Cadwalader,
H. A. Caesar,

Albert Calman,

Henry L. Calman,

W. L. Cameron,

H. H. Cammann,

(213 )

Henry L. Cammann,
Mrs. John Campbell,
Richard A. Canfield,

H. W. Cannon,

James G. Cannon,

Mrs. Miles B. Carpenter,
R. A. Carter,

H. T. Cary,

John H. Caswell,

John R. Caswell,

Robert Caterson,

Miss Jennie R. Cathcart,
Prof. J. McK. Cattell,
Miss Maria Bowen Chapin,
Mrs. Geo. H. Chatillon,
J. E. Childs,

B. Ogden Chisolm,

Geo. E. Chisolm,

Mrs. Helen L. Chubb,
Chas. T. Church,
Theodore W. Church,
John Claflin,

George 5S. Clapp,

D. Crawford Clark,

Miss Emily Vernon Clark,
F. Ambrose Clark,

J. Mitchell Clark,

Thos. F. Clark,

George C. Clausen,

Wm. P. Clyde,

Dr. Wm. J. Coates,

John W. Cochrane,

Miss Mary F. Cockcroft,
Hon. W. Bourke Cockran,
C. A. Coffin,

Edmund Coffin,

(214)

E. W. Coggeshall,

Mrs. James B. Colgate,
R. R. Colgate,

Robert J. Collier.

Miss Ellen Collins,

Miss Mary Collins,

Mrs. Minturn Post Collins,
Dr. Stacy Budd Collins,
Miss Mary Compton,

T. G. Condon,

Roland R. Conklin,

Miss Lilian Gilette Cook,
Mrs. Austin Corbin,

C. R. Corning,

Mrs. Charles Henry Coster,
Miss Ellen H. Cotheal,
Winthrop Cowdin,

Mark T. Cox,

Geo. F. Crane,

Jonathan H. Crane,

Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane,

Mrs. Agnes Huntington Cravath,

Dr. W. H. Crawford,
John D. Crimmins,
Frederic Cromwell,

James W. Cromwell,
Chas. H. Cronin,

Mrs. C. Vanderbilt Cross,

Ellicott D. Curtis,

G. Warrington Curtis,
R. Fulton Cutting,
W. Bayard Cutting,
C. H. Dale,

Henry Dally,

Wm. B. Dana,

Mrs. Ira Davenport,
J. Clarence Davies,

Julien T. Davies,

Wm. Gilbert Davies,
John H. Davis,

Clarence S. Day,

Mrs. Henry Mills Day,
Robert A. B. Dayton,

E. J. de Coppet,

H. de Coppet,

Richard Deeves,

Dr. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Robert W. de Forest,
Mrs. Courtenay De Kalb,
B. F. DeKlyn,

Eugene Delano,

Wm. C. Demorest,

John B. Dennis,

Charles de Rham,

Walter D. Despard,

has. F. Dieterich,
Miss Josephine H. Dill,
Miss Mary A. Dill,
E. R. Dillingham,
Geo. E. Dimock,
Mrs. Henry F. Dimock,
Miss Gertrude Dodd,
Cleveland H. Dodge,

Mrs. George William Douglas,
Alfred Douglass,

Mrs. David Dows,

Tracy Dows,

B. Ferdinand Drakenfield,

Mrs. Henry Draper,
Isaac W. Drummond,
Matthew B. Dubois,
Mrs. R. B. Dula,
Ralph Wurts Dundas,
Dr. Carroll Dunham,
Dr. Edward K. Dunham,
Mrs. Geo. H. Dunham,
E. B. Dunne,
J. B. Dutcher,
John E. Dwight,
D. Edgar,
Miss Laura Jay Edwards,
O. Eggeling,
Edward Ehrlich,
Henry G. Eilshemius,
August Eimer,
Emanuel Einstein,
William Einstein,
Geo. W. Ellis,
John W. Ellis,
Wm. D. Ellis,
John J. Emery,
C. Temple Emmett,
Robert Temple Emmett,
Robert Endicott,
Ad. Engler,
John C. Eno,
R. Erbsloh,
Arthur F. Estabrook,
Louis Ettlinger,
Richard Evans,
A. W. Evarts,
Mrs. Thomas Ewing, Jr.,
H. C. Fahnestock,
Chas. V. Faile,
Chas. S. Fairchild,
Be W. Fairchild,

. W.R. Fallon,

(215)

Jas. E. Fargo,
C. Fellows,
Walton Ferguson,

Harry Harkness Flagler,
Isaac D. Fletcher,
Miss Helena Flint,

Scott Foster,
Werner V. Frankenburg,
Alfred Fraser,

Daniel B. Freedman,
Samson Fried,
A. 5S. Frissell,

Geo. F. Gantz,

John A. Garver,
Joseph E. Gay,

Mrs. James Gayley,
Frederick Gebhard,
Mrs. Walter Geer,
Thos. Ghee,

John J. Gibbons,

R. W. Gibson,

J. Waldron Gillespie,
Frederic N. Goddard,
Mrs. S. D. Godfrey,
Mrs. Edwin L. Godkin,
S. L. Goldenberg,
Chas. Gotthelf,

Chas. A. Gould,
Edwin Gould,

Robert D. Graham,
Nelson Z. Graves,
John Clinton Gray,
Ernest F. Greeff,
Chas, E. Greenough,
Isaac J. Greenwood,
Rev. David H. Greer,
Edward C. Gregory,
Daniel J. Griffith,

E. Morgan Grinnell,
C. A. Griscom, Jr.,
William Guggenheim,
W. C. Gulliver,

Miss Delia L. Gurnee,
W.S. Gurnee, Jr.,
Dr. Alexander Hadden,
John A. Hadden, Jr.,
J. and M. Haffen,
James D. Hague,
Henry F. Haines,

Miss Laura P. Halsted,
Wm. Hamann,

Miss Katherine L. Hamersley,

Miss Elizabeth S. Hamilton,
Jas. B. Hammond,
Chas. T. Harbeck,
Anson W. Hard,
: Montgomery Hare,
. Harkness,
H. Harriman,
Miss Caroline Harriot,

William Hamilton Harris,
Miss Rebecca Harvey,

(216)

Jacob Hasslacher,

J. Woodward Haven,
Matthew Hawe,

Miss Caroline C. Haynes,
Wm. W. Heaton,
Julius Heimann,
Arthur P. Heinze,
Clemens Heitemeyer,
Homer Heminway,
Chas. Henderson & Son,
Mrs. E. C. Henderson,
Edmund Hendricks,
Francis Hendricks,
Harmon W. Hendricks,
Ferdinand Hermann,
Selmar Hess,

H. H. Hewitt,

Mrs. Sarah A. Hewitt,
Walter Hinchman,
Chas. S. Hirsch,

J. Oakley Hobby,

B. Hochschild,

Alfred G. Hoe,
Richard M. Hoe,

Mrs. Richard March Hoe,
Mrs. Robert Hoe,
Bernhard Hoffman,
John Swift Holbrook,
E. R. Holden,

Henry Holt,

Joseph Honig,
Frederick B. House,

Alfred W. Hoyt,
Alex. C. Humphreys,
Mrs. E. W. Humphreys

Mrs. C. P. Huntington,
Adolph G. Hupfel,
Frank Hustace,

Karl Hutter,

John S. Huyler,
Clarence M. Hyde,
Frederick E. Hyde, Jr.,
Henry Iden, Jr.,

Mrs, Samuel Inslee,
John B. Ireland,
Adrien Iselin, Jr.,

C. Oliver Iselin,

Miss Georgine Iselin,
William E. Iselin,
Samuel Isham,

Win. B. Isham,

Win. M. Ivins,

Dr. Abram Jacobi,

A. C. James,

Dr. Robert C. James,
E. C. Jameson,

Mrs. David R. Jacques,
O. G. Jennings,

Walter Jennings,

Mrs. Maria de W. Jesup,
Adrian H. Joline,
Dwight A. Jones,

Mrs. Townsend Jones,
Jos. L. Kahle,

Louis Kahn,

Miss Louise Langdon Kane,
Mrs. H. F. Kean,
Frank Browne Keech,

?
H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy,
Mrs. Elizabeth Kenyon,
David Keppel,
Rudolph Keppler,

(217)

Mrs. Catherine L. Kernochan,
John B. Kerr,

Geo. A. Kessler,
W. Keuffel,

Patrick Kiernan,

S. E. Kilner,
Alfred R. Kimball,
David H. King, Jr.,
Le Roy King,

M. K. King,
William F. King,
Gustave E. Kissel,
E. C. Klipstein,
Herman Knapp,
Roland F. Knoedler,

William M. Laffan,
Francis G. Landon,
Edward V. Z. Lane,
Woodbury Langdon,
Woodbury G. Langdon,
J. Langeloth,

Dr. G. Langmann,
Lewis H. Lapham,

M. j. Lavelle,

John Burling Lawrence,
Mrs. Lydia G. Lawrence,
Mrs. Samuel Lawrence,
Charles N. Lee,

Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Mrs. Frederic 5. Lee,
Marshall C. Lefferts,
Wm. H. Lefferts,
James M. Lehmaier,
Lemcke & Buechner,
Edward A. Le Roy, Jr.,

Arthur L. Lesher,
Dr. A. Monae Lesser,
Wm. H. Leuppe,
Julius Levine,
Emanuel Levy,
Mrs. John V. B. Lewis,
Adolph Lewisohn,
Albert Lewisohn,
Miss Alice Lewisohn,
Philip Lewisohn,
Lowell Lincoln,
Frederick J. Lisman,
m. S. Livingston,
Wm. C. Lobenstine,
James Loeb,
Henry Lomb,

Mrs. Geo. de Forest Lord,

P. Lorillard, Jr.,

R. P. Lounsberry,

C. Adolphe Lowe,
Miss Carlotta R. Lowell,
Thomas Lowry,
Charles H. Ludington,
August Lueder,
Walther Luttgen,

Geo. L. McAlpin,
John J. McCook,

Mrs. W. H. McCord,
John A. McKim,
James McLean,

Geo. R. MacDougall,
Clarence H. Mackay,
Kenneth K. Mackenzie,
Malcon MacMartin,
Mrs. Chas. A. Macy, Jr.,
George H. Macy,

V. Everit Macy,

F. Robert Mager,

J. H. Maghee,

Pierre Mali,

(218 )

aie Mallory,

as. E. Manierre,
a ard Mansfield,
Miss Delia W. Marble,
Jacob Mark,
John Markle,
Dr. J. W. Markoe,
Henry S. Marlor,
C. P. Marsh,
Chas. H. Marshall,
Edwin 5. Marston,
Mrs. E. Howard Martin,
W.R. H. Martin,
Francis Taylor Maxwell,
Robert Maxwell,
David Mayer,

Mrs. Emma Mehler,
Herman A. Metz,
Dr. Alfred Meyer,
Edwin O. Meyer,

Wilhelm Miller,

S. Milliken,

eee Montant,

Chas. Arthur Moore, Jr.,
J. C. Moore,

Wm. H. Helme Moore,
Miss Anne T. Morgan,
Miss C. L. Morgan,

E. D. Morgan,

Geo. H. Morgan,

A. Newbold Morris,

Mrs. A. Newbold Morris,
Mrs. Cora Morris,

Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris,
Henry Lewis Morris,

John Morris,

Louis R. Morris,
Fred. V. Morrison,
Geo. Austin Morrison,
Richard Mortimer,
Henry C. Mott,
Carl Muller,

John P. Munn,
Frank A. Munsey,
J. G. Myers,
Nathaniel Myers,
A. G. Nesbit,

Miss Catherine A. Newbold,

Miss Edith Newbold,
Frederic R. Newbold,
H. Victor Newcomb,
Zenas E. Newell,
Wm. Nilsson,
Francis J. Oakes,

Robert Olyphant,

Mrs. Emerson Opdycke,
Wm. 8. Opdyke,

Mrs. Wm. Openhym,
William C. Orr,

Prof. Henry F. Osborne,
Augustus G. Paine,

S. S. Palmer,

Henry Parish, Jr.,

Mrs. Henrietta M. Parker,
James C. Parrish,

Chas. W. Parsons,

Mrs. Edwin Parsons,
John E. Parsons,

R. W. Paterson,

W. A. Paton,

O. H. Payne,

(219)

T. W. Pearsall,
Mrs. Frederick Pearson,
Stephen H. P. Pell,
Geo. H. Penniman,
James D. Perkins,
Chas. J. Perry,
Chas. G. Peters,
Samuel T. Peters,
W.R. Peters,
Chas. Pfizer, Jr.,
Guy Phillips,
Lloyd Phoenix,
Phillips Phoenix,
Gottfried Piel,
Michael Piel,

Gifford Pinchot,
Fred. S. Pinkus,
Albert Plant,

Hon. Thos. C. Platt,
Gilbert M. Plympton,
Chas. Lane Poor,

Miss Blanche Potter,
Frederick Potter,

eo. W. Powers,
Geo. H. Proctor,
Chas. Pryer,
J. Harsen Purdy,
Percy R. Pyne,
Dr. Edward Quintard,
Charles Raht,
Gustav Ramsperger,
Edmund D. Randolph,
S. Rawitser,
G. B. Raymond,
Geo. R. Read,

Wm. A. Read,

Miss Emily Redmond,
Geraldyn Redmond,
Henry 8S. Redmond,
Hon. Whitelaw Reid,
Geo. N. Reinhardt,
W.E. Reis,

E. B. Reynolds,

Miss Serena Rhinelander,
John L. Riker,
Samuel Riker,

Wm. J. Riker,

H. Dillon Ripley,

Dr. Wm. C. Rives,
Geo. I. Roberts,

Miss Mary M. Roberts,
Julius Robertson,
Andrew J. Robinson,
Henry J. Robinson,
M. Rock,

Gen. Chas. F. Roe,
Edward L. Rogers,
W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Mrs. W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Hon. Elihu Root,

E. V. W. Rossiter,
Jacob Rothschild,
Ludwig Rothschild,
Win. Rothschild,
Geo. P. Rowell,
Carman R. Runyon,
Jacob Ruppert,
Edward Russ,

Mrs. A. D. Russell,
Arthur Ryle,
Clarence Sackett,
Mrs. Russell Sage,
Daniel C. Sands,
Miss G. W. Sargent,
Dr. A. T. SchaufMler,

( 220 )

Carl Schefer,

Miss Mary E. Schell,
Mrs. H. M. Schieffelin,.
Dr. Wm. J. Schieffelin,
Gustave Schirmer,
Rudolph E. Schirmer,
Henry W. Schloss,

Miss Jane E. Schmelzel,
D. Schnakenberg,

Chas. M. Schott, Jr.,

C. M. Schwab,

Henry F. Schwarz,

Geo. S. Scott,

Robert Scoville,

Arthur H. Scribner,
Edward M. Scudder,
Dr. Louis L. Seaman,
Charles E. Seitz,

Prof. Edwin R. A. Seligman,
George W. Seligman,
Jefferson Seligman,

E. W. Sells,

Alfred Seton,

Edward M. Shepard,
Arthur M. Sherwood,
Wim. Shillaber,

D. E. Sickles,

John W. Simpson,
Francis Louis Slade,
Albert K. Smiley,
Daniel Smiley,

Chas. F. Smillie,

Dr. A. Alexander Smith,
Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith,
Arthur Smith,

F. M. Smith,

Mrs. George W. Smith,
H. Sanborn Smith,
James R. Smith,
Sydney A. Smith,

Wm. Alex. Smith,
Samuel B. Snook,

E. G. Snow,

Isaac N. Solis,

Leopold Solomon,

E. G. Soltmann,

Mrs. Charlotte Sorchan,
Joseph Spektorsky,

W. M. Sperry,

I. M. Spiegelberg,
Paul N. Spofford,

Miss Anna Riker Spring,
J. R. Stanton,

James H. Stebbins,
James R. Steers,

Chas. H. Steinway,
Wm. R. Steinway,
Olin J. Stephens,
Benjamin Stern,

Isaac Stern,

Louis Stern,

Alexander H. Stevens,
Frederic W. Stevens,
Dr. George T. Stevens,
Lispenard Stewart,
Wm. R. Stewart,

Miss Clara F. Stillman,
Dr. D. M. Stimson,
James Stokes,

Sumner R. Stone,

Miss Marie H. Story,
Chas. Strauss,
Frederick Strauss,

Rutherford Stuyvesant,
Mrs. Geo. Such,

Mrs. James Sullivan,
Miss P. C. Swords,
Miss Mary Taber,

( 221)

Edward N, Tailer,

Miss Alexandrina Taylor,
George Taylor,
Henry R. Taylor,
Stevenson Taylor,
C. H. Tenney,

H. L. Terrell,
Jno. T. Terry,
Nikola Tesla,
Thomas Thacher,
Ernst Thalmann,
Benjamin Thaw,
Miss M. J. Thayer,
Geo. C. Thomas,

Dr. W. Gilman Thompson,

Jonathan Thorne,
Samuel Thorne, Jr.,
W.V.S. Thorne,
Louis C. Tiffany,
Frank Tilford,

James Timpson,

J. Kennedy Tod,
William Tousey,
Miss Amy Townsend,
C. D. Tows,

J. Evarts Tracy,

Mrs. Merritt Trimble,
Frederick K. Trowbridge,
Dr. Alfred Tuckerman,
Paul Tuckerman,

Geo. E. Turnure,
Benjamin Tuska,

Mrs. Eliza L. D. Tysen,
E. S. Ullman,

Mrs. Lawsen Valentine,

Augustus Van Cortlandt,
Alfred G. Vanderbilt,
D. B. Van Emburgh,

EE. H. Van Ingen,
Theodore Van Norden,
W. Van Norden,

Edgar B. Van Winkle,
Robert A. Van Wyck,
Richard C. Veit,
Herman Vogel,

John Wagner,

Richard T. Wainwright,
Wm. I. Walter,
Artemus Ward,

Wm. T. Wardwell,
Allan C. Washington,
E. H. Weatherbee,
Mrs. John A. Weekes,
Chas. Wehrhane,
Camille Weidenfeld,
Mrs. Samuel W. Weiss,
Charles W. Wells,

Mrs. John Wells,

Mrs. Robert E. Westcott,
Geo. Westinghouse,
Mrs. Alice T. Wheelock,

Miss Gertrude Whiting,
Giles Whiting,

Clarence Whitman,

Miss Margaret S. Whitney,
Wm. Wicke,

Edward A. Wickes,

( 222)

D. O. Wickham,

M. T. Wilbur,

Blair S. Williams,

Mrs. I. T. Williams,
Mrs. Percy H. Williams,
Richard H. Williams,
W. P. Willis,

Charles T. Wills,
George T. Wilson,
Henry R. Wilson,

Miss Margaret B. Wilson,
R. T. Wilson,

Egerton Winthrop,
Grenville L. Winthrop,
Mrs. Frank 5. Witherbee,

Lewis S. Wolff,

Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood,
Henry R. Wood,

James Wood,

Miss Julia Wray,
Mrs. J. Hood Wright,
A. Wurzburger,

Jno. J. Wysong,
Arthur G. Yates,
Edw. L. Young,
Andrew C. Zabriskie,
August Zinsser,
Charles Zoller,

O. F. Zollikoffer.

( 223 )

REPORT OF THE TREASURER

New York, January II, 1909.
To THE Boarp or MANAGERS OF THE NEw York BOTANICAL

GARDEN.

Gentlemen: Herewith I submit a statement of my receipts
and disbursements during the year 1908, and a balance sheet
from my ledger as of December 31, 1908.

Respectfully yours,
C. F.

Cox,
Treasurer,
Receipts
Balance as per last Annual Report...... $ 12,731.25
Contributions of the City towards De-
velopment and Maintenance......... 81,989.34

Income from Investments :
5 per cent. on $50,000 Southern
Railway Co. First Consolidated
Mize. Bondsis.ecsa seisiatroneverenis $ 2,500.00
4% per cent. on $50,000 Ches. &
Ohio R. R. Co. Genl. Mtge.

Bonds 2,250.00
4 per cent. on $50,000 Erie R. R.

Co. Prior Lien Bonds 2,000.00
4 per cent. on $59,000 Erie R. R.

Co. Penn. Collat. Trust Bonds... 2,360.00

4 per cent. on $50,000 Reading R.

R. Co., Jersey Central Collat.

Trust Bonds 2,000.00
4 per cent. on $24,000 Northern

Pacific R. R. Co. St. Paul & Du-

luth Division Bonds 960.00
4 per cent. on $30,000 Northern

Pacific-Gt. Northern, C. B. & Q.

Collat. Trust Bonds ..............5+5 1,200.00 13,270.00
Annual Dues 8,480.00
Interest at 3 per cent. on balances on de-

posit with J. P. Morgan & Company.. 275.95

(224 )

Proceeds sales of Merchandise.............. 42.00
Proceeds sales of Publications 319.88
Life Membership Fees 250.00
Fellowship Members Fees.................- 400.00
Sustaining Members Fees.................. 600.00
Tuition Fees credited to Students’ Re-

searc un II5.00

Subscriptions to ‘*North American
Flora” credited to Income of David

Lydig Fund 1,096.60
Contributions to Special Book Fund...... 3,090.38
Contributions to Exploration Fund........ 5,015.28
Contributions to Conservatory Fund...... 250.00
Contributions to Museum and Herbarium

Fund 1,575-00

$129.500.48
Disbursements

Expenses paid through Director-in-Chief

account City Appropriations............ 81,989.34
On General account for sacher
paid 26,562.23

$108,551.57

Purchase of Kuntze Herbarium, etc., ac-

count Museum and Herbarium Fund 1,151.31
Books, account Special Book Fund....., 1.976.34
Specimens, etc., account Exploration
MING trad neal crc ote hee a aes 2,892.27
Publications, account Income of David
Lydig Fund 2,246.74
Purchase of Plants, account Conserva-
tory Fund g1.85 116,910.08
Balance, Cash in hands of Treas-
urer $ 12,590.40

Lepcer BaLancres, DECEMBER 31, 1908
Credit
lic elas Funds:
t Fund $271,160.00
Fellowship Fees 11,000.00

Life Membership Fees........ ........

Students’ Research Fund..............

David Lydig Fund —Bequest of
Chas. P. Daly

Stokes Fund

Temporary Funds:

Special Book Fund, for Library.....

Conservatory Fund, for Plants......

Exploration Fund

Museum and Herbarium Fund, for
Specimens

Income Students’ Research Fund...

Income Stokes Fund ...............000

Investments :
Net Cost of $50,000 Ches. & Ohio
y enl. Mtge. Bonds..
$50,000 Southern Ry. Co. Ist

19,250.00
2794-50

341149.86
3,000.00

1,129.67
186.53
2,247.38

510.93
343-6

4
279-13 $346,051.64

$50,000 Reading R. R. Co. | $302,611.68

Jersey Cent. Coll. Trust
BOndS: ish ashen tele
$24,000 N. Pacific R. R. Co.
St. Paul & Duluth Div.

$30,000 N. Pacific-Gt. North-
ern C. B. & Q. Coll. Tr.
Bonds
Director-in-Chief, Working Fund...
General Income Account, Balance

borrowed from Permanent Funds
Income David Lydig Fund, Balance
borrowed from Permanent Funds
Cash in hands of Treasurer.....

25,000.00

55140.97

708.59

12,590

4
$346,051.64 $346,051.64

(226)

No. 66 Broapway,
New York, January 30, 1gog.
James A. Scrymser, Esquir
Chairman of the Finance Ca mited:
New York Botanical Garden,
New York City.
TREASURER’S ACCOUNT FOR 1908.

Str: This is to certify that I have, by your direction, examined
the books and accounts of the Treasurer of the New York Botani-
cal Garden for the year nineteen hundred and eight (1908), together
with their proper vouchers and that I find the Balance Sheet and
the Treasurer’s Statement of Receipts and Disbursements, attached
hereto to be correct.

I have also examined the various Investment Securities and find
the same to be as reported in the said Balance Sheet.

Respectfully submitted,
(signed) J. L. MERRILL,
Spectal Auditor.

No. 66 Broapway,
New York, January 30, 1909.
James A. ScryMsErR, Esqu
Chairman of the Tinenice ome
New York Botanical Garden,
New York City.
peer -In-CuiEF’s ACCOUNT FOR 1908.
: This is to certify that I have, by your direction, examined
and ne the financial books and accounts of the Director-
in-Chief of the New York Botanical Garden, for the year nineteen
hundred and eight (1905) and that I find the same to be correct,
and the Cash Balance to be as stated in the Current Cash Book.

This auditing does not include the examination of the vouchers
for either City Maintenance or Construction Work, paid for by the
City, such vouchers having been found proper and in order by the
city authorities, and you having decided in 1904 that a further ex-
amination of them by me was unnecessary.

T have omitted, also, a detailed examination of the Annual Mem-
bership Dues Account, as per like instruction in rg04. These dues
are received by the Director-in-Chief, and forwarded by him to the
Treasurer, the former keeping a detailed record of the same.

Respectfully submitted,
(signed) J. L. Mzrrittr,
Special Auditor.

©

VOL. S No. 21

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN

[ISSUBD SEPTEMBER 27, 1910]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
BotanicaL CONTRIBUTIONS :
Bolivian Mosses, Part II, by R.S. Wittiams. [/ssued
910 | : . : . . : , . 227
Critical Notes on New or Little Known Species in the
Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, by
B.P.G. HocureutTiner. [Jlssued Ap r5, 1910] 262
A Phytogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the South-
ern California Trees and Shrubs, by LE Roy
Asrams. [Jssued S27, 1910] . ; . - 300

Each paper was issued separately, in advance, on the date indicated.

BULLETIN
The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. 6. No. 21.

BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.
Bolivian Mosses. Part Il.
By R. 8. WILLIaMs.
MIELICHHOFERIA ANDINA Sull.

On divide between Lake Titicaca and Sorata, 4300 meters,
Aug. 29, 1901 (1890). Specimens paroicous: segments of
endostome variable, sometimes over 20 wide 4 up, not
papillose, from low basal membrane; spores rough, up to
20 4 in diameter. Original specimens of the U. S. Expl.
Exp. show rough spores up to 24 in diameter. Also col-
lected at Juliaca, Peru, May 16, 1902, on sandstone (2792).
Mielichhoferia subglobosa sp. nov.

Paroicous: in compact yellowish-green tufts up to 2.5 cm.
high; leaves erect, ovate-lanceolate, the upper larger, about

m. long, serrulate toward apex, with a stout nerve
serrulate above on the back and vanishing below apex or
excurrent into a short point; median leaf cells rather irregu-
lar, up to about 10 4 wide and 60 » long; perichaetial aa
very similar to stem leaves; capsule subglobose,

one half down capsule up to 30 wide and 40-6oy long;
annulus large; no outer peristome, the inner of smooth seg-
ments about 12 4 wide half way up, from a low basilar mem-
brane; spores nearly smooth, up to 16 p in diameter.

In crevices of rock at 4500 meters on Mount Sorata, Sept.
247, 1902. This species is near JZ. modesta C. M. but is a
larger plant with longer, narrower pointed leaves as well as
different capsule (1885).

(227)

(228 )

MIELICHHOFERIA CAMPYLOCARPA Hook. and Arn.

Pelichuco, May 3, 1902, at 3100 meters elevation (2793).
Near Sorata at 4200 meters, Sept. 9, 1901 (1880). These
specimens are similar to those called macrotheca Nampe MS.
(Peru, coll. Jay) and which have been correctly referred, I
believe, to campylocarpa, although I have not seen speci-
mens of the latter from the type locality. The specimens all
show a more or less papillose endostome of narrow segments
from a low basilar membrane and nearly smooth spores from
144to 16in diameter. The leaf cells are narrow, mostly
6 or 7» wide.

MIELICHHOFERIA CAMPYLOTHECA C. M.

On divide between Lake Titicaca and Sorata, 4200 meters
elevation, Aug. 29, 1901 (1881). J have seen no specimens
for comparison but these plants have somewhat rough spores,
up to 20#in diameter as given in Engler & Prantl by Bro-
therus, also the median leaf cells are up to 10 » wide and
segments of endostome not papillose, characters which will
perhaps separate it from the preceding species.
MreLicHHOFERIA LONGIPES C. M.

Pelichuco, May 1, 1902 (2790). Basilar membrane with
more or less rudimentary processes between the segments;
nearly smooth spores up to 16 #; pedicel up to 6 cm.
MIELICHHOFERIA Linpie1r Hampe.

Near Sorata, at 3000 meters, Sept. 8, rg01r (1886). Speci-
mens compared with material named by Hampe and they
differ in no essential respect. The outer peristome is want-
ing, the inner, from a slightly exserted membrane, is smooth,
the segments with a distinct median line. In width the seg-
ments vary largely in the same peristome. Spores nearly
smooth, up to16 w. The highly convex lid is often acute or
apiculate rather than obtuse. This species is most closely
related to Andina of any of the preceding. In Engler and
Prantl, Lindigz? is placed among those with a double per-
istome.

(229)
HapLopontium Jameson (Taylor) Hampe.
Pelichuco, May 4, 1902. Common along streams at 3300

meters (2801). Near Sorata, 3000 meters, Sept. 8, 1901
(1884); also at La Paz.
STABLERIA TENELLA (Mitt.) Broth.

Sorata, 2500 meters, June 3, 1902. On trees (1706).
ORTHODONTIUM CONFINE Hampe.

Between Tolapampa and Mapiri at 2300 meters, Sept. 11,
Ig0I (2899); also in decayed wood near Mapiri, at goo
meters, June 17, 1902 (1721).

LerrosryuMm Wixsoni (Mitt.) Broth.

Yura on railway just above Arequipa, Peru, 2400 meters,
on shaded rock walls, Aug. 11, 1901 (2806)

POHLIA SPECTABILIS (C. M.) Broth.

Below Pelichuco, 2800 meters, April 30, 1902, on rock
(2789).

Pouuia crupDaA (L.) Lindb.

Above Sorata, 4250 meters (1g11). Sterile specimens
apparently of this species growing with Bryum flexisetum.

Pohlia Apolensis sp. nov.

Dioicous; male plants with solitary terminal flowers, the
perigonial leaves with an ovate, concave base gradually nar-
rowed to a broad, lanceolate more or less elongate, serrulate
apex, erect or slightly reflexed: fertile plants slender, with
few, erect branches, up to 1.5 cm. high; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, the perichaetial 2 mm. long, serrulate above,
borders mostly flat, the stem leaves much shorter, distant on
stems and long-decurrent; costa smooth on back, percurrent
or ending just below apex; median leaf aor about 8p hae
by 604 long; capsule nodding, obovate, 2-2.5 mm. long,
with a conical, mamillate lid; praca cells ae hex-
agonal, up to 30 # in diameter, not sinuous-walled; stomata
superficial; annulus compound; seta up to 2.5 cm. high;
peristome pale, double, the outer of lanceolate, rather irregu-
pa obtusely pointed teeth without lamellae, Bae papillose

oth sides and 60 » wide at base; the inner of a basilar
ena one third the height of peristome, wees segments

( 230 )

as high as the teeth, finely papillose and with sometimes
broad, often rounded appendages above; no intermediate
cilia; spores smooth, up to 16 p.

Apolo, 1500 meters elevation on sandy soil, Feb. 19, 1902
(1882). This species has a superficial resemblance to small
forms of Alntobryum albrcans.

Brachymenium dimorphum sp. nov.

Dioicous; male plants very small, 3 or 4 mm. high, with
solitary, terminal flowers and radicles at base attaching it to
fertile plant; antheridial leaves ovate, acute, serrulate above
and costa scarcely percurrent, with marginal cells scarcely
forming a distinct border: fertile plants with stems tomentose
and leafless below, up to 2.5 cm. high, with leaves when dr
more or less appressed and twisted about stems; leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolate to elongate-oblong, acute, the upper and
perichaetial, 2 mm. long, serrulate above, with stout costa
excurrent into a short point; margins flat and bordered with
one or two rows of greatly elongated, narrow, thick-walled,
golden-brown cells; median leaf-cells elongate-hexagonal,
about 20 x 4oys below cells more or less rectangular and
nearly square at basal angles; cell ae excepting border,
thin but somewhat pitted throughout: ee erect, ovate-
cylindrical to nearly cylindrical, “with lid up to 4.5 mm
on a seta up to 2 cm. high; lid narrowly coca its height
about twice basal diameter ; annulus large; peristome of
slender, red, papillose teeth about o.7 mm. long and 25 # wide
at base with 12 or 14 lamellae on inner face and median line
indistinct; the inner, a papillose red membrane extending
above the mouth about one fifth the height of teeth, with an
irregular, slightly incised margin; smooth, pale spores up to

New Brazil, upper Mapiri region, 1500 meters elevation,
on trees, June 15, 1902 (1803). In habit this species is like
B. Regnelli: but leaf margin different.

AcIDODONTIUM MACROPOMA (C. M.) Broth.

Tacacoma, on trees, June 10, 1902, elevation 3100 meters
(1901).

ANOMOBRYUM FILIFORME (Dicks) Husn.

Pelichuco, 3200 meters, on wet earth, May 4, 1902 (2804).
Sorata, 2500 meters, on dry bank of sandy clay, June 4, 1902

(231)

(1887). La Paz, 3300 meters, sterile specimens. There seems
to be no specimen of A. orbiculatum (Mitt.), in the Mitten
herbarium. It should not unlikely be referred to fi¢forme.
A. prostratum (C. M.) Besch. is also, apparently, only a
robust, elongated form of the same species. Cross-sections
of stem and leaves of no. 2804 from Pelichuco are similar to
those of European plants, as are cross-sections of no. 1081,
Funck & Schlim, the type collection of A. prostratum.
BRYUM FLEXISETUM Mitt.

Between Sorata and Ingenio at 4500 meters elevation, Sept.
27, 1902 (1899). Specimens with antoicous inflorescence
and smooth spores up to 18 p.

Bryrum MayEnsE Spruce.

San Juan, on trail to Rio Lanca, March 22, 1902 (1723).
BRYUM ARGENTEUM L.

Near Pelichuco, 3100 meters elevation, April 30, 1902
(2799). Near Ingenio, 4000 meters, Sept. 11, 190 (2900).
Apolo, 1500 meters, July 10, 1902 (1894). Santa Cruz, 1500
meters, April 24, 1902 (2800). The latter are the smallest
specimens collected, growing in depressed tufts, with stems
2mm. high and setaupto1cm. The finest specimens are
from Pelichuco with stems up to 2 cm. high and the seta 2.5
cm.

Bryum concavum Mitt.

La Paz, 3600 meters elevation, May 26, 1902 (1900).
Springs of Yura, above Arequipa, Aug. 11, 1901 (2798).
These specimens mostly have two short, inappendiculate cilia
between the segments of inner peristome. Outer plates of
teeth minutely granulose. Spores slightly roughened, up to
20 4. These characters agree with those of the type collec-
tion. No gemme noticed in any of the specimens.

Bryum Atenense sp. nov.

Dioicous; male plant simple, 4 mm. high with single
terminal flower; outer perigonial leaves similar to stem
leaves, inner much shorter, rotund-ovate with scarcely excur-
rent nerve: fertile plants with stems 3 or 4 mm. long and few

( 232)

branches often somewhat longer; leaves when dry spirally
twisted about stem; the upper and outer perichaetial leaves,
with blade about 1.7 mm. long and excurrent costa 0.3 mm.
long, varying from ovate to oblong-lanceolate and oblong-
linear; leaf margin flat and entire all round with an indis-
tinct border of mostly one row of very narrow thin-walled
cells; stem leaves few, not decurrent, keeled along the costa
with blade nearly flat on either side; median leaf-cells elon-
gate-hexagonal, thin-walled, about 16 » wide and 40 p long;
capsule, on a seta up to 3 cm. high, dark red, pendant, some-
what contracted below the mouth when empty with oblong
sporangium tapering into a somewhat shorter collum; lid
convex-mamillate; annulus large; teeth of exostome pee
granulose on outer face, the plates about 16 # wide b

long; inner lamellae up to 28; segments of ere with
rounded apertures and three appendiculate cilia between ona
basilar membrane over one half the height of teeth; spores
nearly smooth, upto 12 w.

Near Aten on rather dry clayey soil at 1400 meters ele-
vation, June 18, 1902 (1897). This species is near elegans
which has broader, shorter leaves with different border.
Brrum cavum C. M.

Apolo, 1500 meters elevation, July 10, 1902 (1898).
BryUM DENSIFOLIUM Brid.

Near Aten, 1600 meters, June 19, 1902 (1907).
RuyopospryumM BEyRICHIANUM (Hornsch.) Paris.

Trail between San José and Apolo, Feb. 12, 1902, at 1800
meters elevation (1905). Near Yuyu, 1100 meters, June 18,
1902 (1904).

RHODOBRYUM GRANDIFOLIUM (Tayl.) Paris.

Santa Anna, Apolo region, 1800 meters, July 29, 1902
(1906). Rio Pelichuco, 2700 meters, April 28, 1902 (2796).
MaxiumM Ltigutatum C. M.

Santa Cruz, 1600 meters elevation, on wet log by water-
fall, Aug. 25, 1902 (1893). Near Aten, on rock, at 1500
meters, Aug. 4, 1902 (1892). These specimens have rather
larger leaves than any European or N. A. specimens of

( 233)

rostratum I have seen, measuring up to 8 mm. long and 3.5
mm. wide. The largest European specimens measured were
6 by 3 mm. Also the Bolivian plants have large hyaline
cells, up to 35 # wide and 55 u long, on either side of costa
the greater part of its length, a character not noticed in ros-
tratum. The apex of leaf varies considerably in all the
specimens, and does not offer any constant difference.
RHIZOGONIUM SPINIFORME (L.) Bruch.

Apolo, 1600 meters, July 7, 1902 (1854). Common in the
region of Apolo from 1200 to 1800 meters on fallen trunks
and roots of trees.

LeiomeLa BartrramiorpeEs (Hook.) Par.

Near Aten, Aug. 16, 1902, 1500 meters (1769).
BaRTRAMIA ITHYPHYLLOIDES Schimp.

Pelichuco, 3100 meters, April 30, 1902 (2824).
BaRTRAMIA FRAGILIFOLIA C. M.

Tacacoma, 3050 meters, June 10, 1902 (1908).
PHILONOTIS TENELLA (C. M.) Besch.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, Dec. 12, I901 (1917).
PHILONOTIS MINUTISSIMA (C. M.) Par.

Isapuri, Rio Mapiri, 450 meters elevation, Oct. 1, 1901
(1916). Apolo, 1500 meters, on dry soil, July 10, 1902
(1913). Rio Pelichuco, 2400 meters, April 27, 1902 (2826).
Sorata, 2300 meters, Sept. 4, Ig0I (2936).

Philonotis operta sp. nov.

Dioicous ; male plants slender with few branches and bud-
hike flowers, the perigonial leaves from a golden-brown,
ovate-concave base to a gradually narrowed, long- fees
serrulate, erect point, indistinctly costate: fertile plants
soft low mats, densely tomentose within, with short ees
(under rt cm. long), in cross-section slightly elongate-pen-
tagonal, 180 in greater diameter, the rind of two rows of
thick-walled cells and an outer row of thin-walled, medium-
sized cells, often collapsing and indistinct; central stand
rather small with poorly marked border; the very slender

( 234)

branches in cross-section, similar to stems but only 80 4 in
greater diameter; leaves distant and spreading either dry or
moist, papillose on both sides and more or less recurved on
margin; stem leaves 1 mm. long, gradually narrowed froma
broad base to a narrowly lanceolate, serrulate point formed
by the excurrent costa with basal cells rectangular, about
12 # wide and 2-5 times longer; branch leaves shorter and
costa scarcely excurrent; perichaetial leaves much like stem
leaves but with a longer, more slender and smoother point,
with costa indistinct ; capsule irregular, nodding, striate, with
low convex lid, on a seta about 1.75 cm. high; teeth of
exostome orange-brown, 85 # wide at base, the outer plates
finely granulose, about 14 lamellae on inner face and apex
finely papillose; segments of endostome a little shorter than
teeth, split along the median line above with a few perfora-
tions below and the points papillose-striate in vertical lines;
spores rough, mostly slightly elongated, 16 x 20

Palamos near Mapiri, 1000 meters elevation, June 13, 1902
(1909). This plant in many respects is near P. radicalis,
differing especially in its dioicous inflorescence.

PHILONOTIS ANGULATA (Tayl.) Broth.

Sorata, 2400 meters elevation, on rock, Sept. 1, 1901 (1918).
Cross-sections of stem 320 in diameter with a well-defined
central-strand 120 in greater diameter and ground tissue
gradually changing into the rind with an outer wall of larger
thin-walled cells rather incomplete.

PHILONOTIS GRACILENTA (Hampe) Jaeg.

Near Tolapampa, 3600 meters elevation, Sept. 11, 1901
(1915). Apolo, 1500 meters, on wet ground, June 24, 1902
(1910).

BREUTELIA NUTANS Mont.

Pelichuco, 3300 meters, May 4, 1902 (2825). Near Sorata,
3000 meters, growing amongst brush, Aug. 27, 1901 (2134).
BREUTELIA TOMENTOSA (Sw.) Schimp.

Pelichuco, 3300 meters, April 30, 1902 (2788).

? Breuretia Wainior Broth.
Above Tolapampa, 4000 meters, Sept. 11, 1901 (1716).

( 235 )

I refer these sterile specimens to Wasnioc, of which I have
seen no specimens, with considerable doubt, although they
come near the description of that species except that they are
not tomentose to apex and the branches are mostly few, long
and irregular. The Bolivian specimens are evidently the
same as those under no. 245 of P. Dusen from southern Chili
called B. plicata, but with leaf cells above narrowly linear
as in my specimens.

CATHARINEA POLYCARPA (Schimp.) Mill.

Between Aten and Apolo, 1800 meters, on bank of stream
in woods, Aug. 19, 1902 (1924).

PstLopILUM GYMNOSTOMULUM (C. M.) Par.

Near summit of Divide between Lake Titicaca and Sorata,
4200 meters elevation, Aug. 29, 1g0r (1919).

PsILOPILUM TRICHODON (Hook. fil. et Wilson) Mitt.

Near Tolapampa, 4000 meters, Sept. 11, 1901 (1937).
POLYTRICHADELPHUS GROSSIDENS (C. M.) Par.

Tolapampa, 3600 meters, Sept. 11, 1901 (1935). Only a
few poor specimens of apparently this species obtained.
POLYTRICHADELPHUS ARISTATUS (Hampe) Mitt.

Above Tolapampa, 3900 meters, Sept. 11, 1901 (1934).
If this determination is correct, erzstatus has the costa smooth
on the back as given by Mitten, not toothed as in Engler &
Prantl. Nat. Pfl. Part 222: 683. 1905.
PoLYTRICHADELPHUS UMBROSUS Mitt.

Tolapampa, 3600 meters, Sept. 12, 1901 (1936).
PoLYTRICHADELPHUS RUBIGINOSUS Mitt.

Apolo region, 1200 to 1800 meters, Feb. 12, 1902 (1933).
POGONATUM ABBREVIATUM Mitt.

APOoLo, July 9, 1902, 1500 meters elevation (1926). Con-
sata, 1200 meters, June 12, 1902 (1927).

Pogonatum laxirete sp. nov.
Dioicous; very slender male plants with 1~3 flowers about

( 236 )

2.5 mm. in diameter: fertile plants unbranched, up to 5 cm.
high; leaves when dry mostly abruptly spreading from the
clasping base and incurved above, more or less linear-lanceo-
late, serrate from a little below the middle to the acute apex,
up to 6 mm. long andi mm. broad, with about 34 lamellae 2
cells high on upper surface, the upper cell in cross-section of
lamellae smooth, scarcely enlarged, nearly round; leaf blade
and margin, of single layer of celis, extending for 8 or 10 rows
of cells on either side of lamellae about one half down leaf;
leaf cells in blade one half down, mostly hexagonal, about
16 # in diameter, often slightly transversely elongated, the
basal cells rectangular, pale, 12-16 ~ wide and 2~4 times
longer than wide, the cells throughout leaf with scarcely or
not thickened walls; costa with a few scattered teeth on bac
toward apex, about 100 yw wide at base; capsule on a seta 2
cm. high, curved, nodding, about 2.5 mm. long, mamillose
on surface with about 5 ribs extending its entire length; per-
istome teeth about 200 uw high and 65 » wide; lid not seen;
calyptra ed a ‘brownish-white ; ; spores smooth,
up to 12 «in dia

Palamos near oe 7oo meters, June 13, 1902 (1925).
This species belongs near P. /ax¢fol/um Besch. but is a much
more slender plant with thinner cell-walls in the leaves.
POGONATUM POLYCARPUM (Schimp.) Broth.

Pelichuco, 3300 meters, May 1,1902(2840). Near Sorata
2500 meters, Sept. 27, 1902 (1928).

PoLyTrRicHUM ANTILLARUM Rich.

Near Aten, 1850 meters, Aug. 7, 1902 (1924): these speci-
mens, growing in a uniformly wet, shady place, have stems
up to38cm.high. Sorata, 2400 meters, Sept. 3, 1901 ea
growing in a dry exposed locality with stems 2 cm. high.
Pelichuco, May 2, 1902 (2838) at 3300 meters. Tolapampa,
3600 meters, Sept. 25, 1902 (1932). Rio Tuichi, April 27,
1902 (2836). I believe P. arist:florum Mitt. cannot be dis-
tinguished from the above.

HEDWIGIA ALBICANS (Web.) Lindb.

Near Pelechuco, 3000 meters, April 30, 1902 (2850).
HEDWIGIDIUM IMBERBE (Sm.) Bry. Eu.

Above La Paz, 3600 meters, Aug. 24, 1901 (2819). Ingenio,

( 237 )

Sept. 10, 1901, on rock (1725). The leaves often end ina
pale, flexuous hair point, also seen in European specimens.

Rhacocarpus squamosus sp. nov.

lants in dense mats, about 7 cm. high, rather pale brown
above, much darker below; stems with irregularly scattered,
spreading branches; stem-leaves oblong-panduriform, 2 mm.
long and up tor mm. wide, entire and revolute on margin
below with a red border gradually widening into the thick-
walled alar cells with narrow lumen, minutely denticulate
above with incurved margin toward acute apex which bears
a short (0.1 mm. long) entire apiculus; branch leaves similar
to stem leaves but narrower; perichaetial leaves convolute,
2.5 mm. long, with apex truncate or somewhat retuse with a
short apiculus, in length about that of the stem-leaves; pedicel
12 mm. long, rough at apex; capsule without lid 2 mm. high;
lid and calyptra not seen; spores pale, slightly rough, about
20 fe in diameter.

Near Tolapampa, 3600 meters, Sept. 11, 1901 (2894).
This plant seems to be quite distinct in its broad, short-pointed,
scale-like leaves with thick-walled alar cells.

Ruacocarpus Humpouipti (Hook.) Lindb.

Above Tolapampa, 3600 meters, Sept. 11, 1901 (1923). A
rather small form of the species.

PsEUDOCRYPHAEA FLAGILIFERA (Brid.) E. G. Britton.

San Buena Ventura, 425 meters elevation, on tree trunks,
Nov. 15, 1901 (1988). Near Aten, 1200 meters, on rock,
Aug. 8, 1902 (1989).

ACROCRYPHAEA JULACEA (Hornsch.) Bryol. Eur.

Mapiri, 550 meters, on trunks of Cacao, Sept. 18, 1901,
(1987).

ACROCRYPHAEA GARDNERI (Mitt.) Jaeg.

Rio Pelichuco, 2000 meters, April 29, 1902 (2853). Santa
Barbara, 1500 meters, Aug. 30, 1902 (19
CRYPHAEA LATIFOLIA Mitt.

Sorata, 2400 meters, Sept. 3, 1901 (1984).

(238)
CRYPHAEA RAMOSA Wils.

Above Sorata, 3000 meters, Sept. 8, 1901 (1983).
CRYPHAEA PATENS Hornsch.

Sorata, 2400 meters, Sept. 3, 1901 (2877).

CRYPHAEA PILIFERA Tayl.

Sorata, 2400 meters, June 3, 1902 (1985).
Prionopon Bouriviants C. M.

Near Pelichuco, 2700 meters, April 30, 1902 (2762).
PRIONODON DIVARICATUS Mitt.

Rio Pelichuco, 2500 meters, April 29, 1902 (2765).
PRIONODON LAEVIUSCULUS Mitt.

Between San José and Apolo, 1200 meters elevation, Feb.
12, 1902 (2895). These specimens sometimes have slender
flagellae 5 or 6 cm. long on the secondary stems, also the
basal cells toward costa are relatively longer and narrower
than is figured on p. 764 of part 223, Engler and Prantl, in
this latter respect agreeing with specimens in the Mitten her-
barium. ear Aten, 1550 meters, Aug. 6, 1902 (2004).
The Aten specimens differ somewhat in having a much
fewer number of cells at basal angles transversely elongated
but otherwise they seem to come very near this species.
PRIONODON DENSUS (Sw.) C. M.

Near Aten, 1200 meters, Aug. I, 1902 (2003).
ORTHOSTICHIDIUM PENTAGONUM (Hampe and Lorentz) C. M.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. I4, 1902 (1946).

Prrea Pouii (Schwaegr.) Broth.

San Buena Ventura, 190 meters elevation, Nov. 3, 1901
(1982).

PTrEROBRYUM DENSUM (Schwaegr.) Hornsch.

Tigrepata, 1500 meters, Feb. 12, 1902 (1981).
PTEROBRYOPSIS STOLONACEA (C. M.) Broth.

Near Pelichuco, 3000 meters, April 30, 1902 (2764).

(239)

These specimens have the costa often forking above as do the
specimens of Lorentz from Argentine. The spindle-shaped
propagulae are very abundant in dense clusters in the axils
of the leaves. They have 7 or 8 cross-walls and measure
about 125 # by 35 wv.
ORTHOSTICHOPSIS CRINITA (SULL.) BRotu.

Mapiri, 550 meters, Sept. 13, 1901 (1947).
Squamidium diversifolium sp. nov.

Evidently dioicous, no antheridia found, archegonial flowers
abundant: stems creeping, bearing julaceous, Saas crowded
branches a centimeter or two long and I mm. in diameter
when moist, or with the tips of the branches ieaeeras out
into much longer, flagelliform, very slender, curved or pen-
dent branches up to 12 cm. long with sometimes short-scat-
tered branchlets ;. leaves of the stouter branches about 1 mm.
long, decurrent, broadly ovate or rotundate, very concave,
entire or minutely serrulate above with short, acute, mostly
entire point, ecostate to narrowly costate three fourths up;
leaf-cells above all narrow, medium about 5 # wide and 55 pu
long, basal slightly thickened and pitted, alar forming dis-
tinct, convex clusters of nearly square cells; leaves of the
flagelliform branches ovate- pe ee the blade 1.5 mm.
long, gradually narrowed t exuous point up to 1 mm
long, with some short, ee often recurved teeth at its

lanceolate apex, the outer much shorter: fruit not obtained.

On Pelichuco River below Pelichuco, 2600 meters elevation,
April 30, 1902 (2856). Tigrepata, 1500 meters, Feb. 12,
1902 (2137). The latter specimens with long pendent
branches. This species is near S. z7¢edum (Sull.) Broth.
SQUAMIDIUM LEUCOTRICHUM (Tayl.) Broth.

Near Apolo, 1900 meters, July 25, 1902 (1949).
PILOTRICHELLA viripis (C. M.) Jaeg.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. 14, 1902 (1945). Santa Bar-
bara, Apolo region, 1550 meters, Aug. 30, 1902 (1944).
PILOTRICHELLA FLEXILIs (Sw.) Jaeg. et Sauer.

Near Pelichuco, 2900 meters, April 30, 1902 (2763).

(240 )

PAPILLARIA NIGRESCENS (Sw.) Jaeg.

Apolo, 1500 meters, June 28, 1902 (2126). Growing in
large mats on dry, clayey soil.

These specimens do not differ in color, in width of leaf, in
leaf-cells or in variation of apex of leaf from specimens col-
lected by Austin in Gainesville, Fla., and which he considered
to be zzgrescens. They are without doubt the plant called
appressum C. M. and constitute the stouter form of nzgres-
cens, which is found also in Mexico, collected by J. G. Smith
at Orizaba. I have compared the above specimens with a
fragment of the Swartz type which is rather more slender
than the average of these specimens, but branches can be
picked out from any of them that match the type both in size
and microscopic characters.

PaPILLARIA IMPONDEROSA (Tayl.) Broth.

Santa Cruz, near Apolo, 1600 meters, April 25, 1902
(2761). P. Oerstediana (C. M.) Jaeg. I am unable to dis-
tinguish from zwponderosa.

METEORIUM ILLECEBRUM (C. M.) Mitt.

Trail between San José and Apolo, Feb. 11, 1902 (2138).
M. cladomniella C. M. appears not to differ specifically from
this.

FLORIBUNDARIA TENUISSIMA (Hook. et Wils.) Broth.

Near Pelichuco, 2500 meters, April 30, 1902 (2760).

Tacacoma, 2900 meters, June 10, 1902 (1948).

LInpicia ACICULATA (Tayl.) Jaeg.

Santa Barbara, 1550 meters, Apolo region, Aug. 30, 1902
(2880).
METEORIOPSIS REMOTIFOLIA (Hornsch.) Broth.

Santa Barbara, 1550 meters, Aug. 29, 1902 (1941).
METEORIOPSIS ONUSTA (Spruce) Broth.

Trail between San José and Apolo, 1200 meters, Feb. 11,
1902 (1942).

(241)
METEORIOPSIS PATENS (Hook.) Broth.

San José to Apolo, 1200 meters, Feb. 11, 1902 (1940).
Near Aten, 1500 meters, July 25, 1902 (2937).
METEORIOPSIS RECURVIFOLIA (Hornsch.) Broth.

San José to Apolo trail, Feb. 11, 1902 (1943).
PHYLLOGONIUM FULGENS (Sw.) Brid.

San José to Apolo trail, Feb. 11, 1902, at 1200 meters
(1939):

PHYLLOGONIUM viscosuM (Palis.) Mitt.

Trail between San José and Apolo, 1200 meters, Feb. 12,
1902 (1938).

NEcCKERA UNDULATA (Palis.) Hedw.

Santa Cruz, on trees, 1500 meters, Aug. 25, 1902 (2000).
Summit between San José and Tumupasa, Jan. 30, 1902
(2940). Near mouth Rio Huanai, Apolo region, on rock,
1050 meters, Aug. 10, 1902 (2001). Rio Mapiri, 450 meters,
on rock, Sept. 27, 1901 (2941).

NECKERA DISTICHA Hedw.

Rio Mapiri, 450 meters, Oct. 1, 1901 (1999).
NEcKERA Linpicir Hampe.

Near Pelichuco, 2500 meters, April 30, 1902 (2810).
NECKERA EUCARPA Schimp.

Peluchino, 3300 meters, May 4, 1902 (2808). Near
Sorata, 2700 meters, Sept. 8, 1901 (1998). These specimens
grow in deep, loose tufts, with stems up to15 cm. high. WV.
cyathicarpa Upe. evidently belongs here; the stems bear
paraphyllia and teeth of peristome are cross-striate at base,
the leaves not plicate.

Neckera eucarpa secundifolia var. nov.

Tacacoma, 3150 meters, on trees in exposed place, June
10, 1902 (1997). This variety is a darker, shorter stemmed
plant, with the leaves all secund instead of only at the tips of
the branches as in the species.

(242)

NEcCKERA JAMESON! Taylor.

Sorata, 2700 meters, Sept. 8, 1901 (1995), on trees. Peli-
chuco, 3200 meters, on the ground amongst brush, May 4,
1902 (2809). Hills above Mollendo, Peru, Aug. 5, 1901,
apparently a stunted form growing on bushes (2891).
PoROTRICHUM EXPLANATUM Mitt.

Santa Cruz, 1800 meters, on rock by stream, Aug. 25,
1902 (1978). The small amount of material collected of this
species shows a plant rather lower than the type with pedicel
5 or6mm. longer. Inthe Mitten herbarium the single fruit-
ing specimen referred to in Jour. Linn. Soc. 12: 468, has
always remained the only specimen in fruit in his collection.
It shows a stem 11 cm. long with three seta, bearing capsules
without lids, the longest seta being 19 mm. long, the other
two a trifle shorter.

PoROTRICHUM FASCICULATUM (Sw.) Mitt.

Santa Cruz, 1800 meters, Aug. 25, 1902, on damp shaded
rock by stream (1980). Isapuri, Mapiri river, Oct. 1, 1901
(1979).

Entopvon Beyricui (Schwaegr.) C. M.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on earth, June 27, 1902 (1972). Ma-
piri, 480 meters, on earth, Sept. 17, 1901 (1970).

EnTopon ERYTHROPUuS Mitt.

Sorata, 2400 meters, on earth and rock, June 5, 1902
(1971).

ENTODON Jamesoni (Tayl.) Mitt.

Sorata, 2400 meters, on trees, Sept. 3, 1901 (1969).
Tacacoma, 3000 meters, on trees, June 10, 1902 (1724).
Entropon Hampganus C. M.

Rio Pelichuco, 2400 meters, on rock, April 28, 1902
(2750).

CAMPYLODONTIUM ONUSTUM (Hampe) Jaeg.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on dry clayey soil, March 9, 1902

(1966). Apolo, on bark, July 10, 1902 (1967).

( 243 )

ERYTHRODONTIUM SQUARROSUM (C. M.) Par.

Apolo, 1500 meters, March 8, 1902 (1974).
ERYTHRODONTIUM LONGISETUM (Hook.) Par.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on shaded ground, Feb. 25, 1902
(1973):

ERYTHRODONTIUM GERMAINII (C. M.) Par.

Apolo, July 10, 1902, on tree trunk (1975). This seems
to differ chiefly from the preceding in having leaves rather
more denticulate at the apex and always ecostate as well as in
smaller size of leaf.

STEREOPHYLLUM BREVIPES (C. M.) Mitt.

San Juan, 1160 meters, April 4, 1902, on dead log (2807).
STEREOPHYLLUM PSEUDORADICULOSUM (C. M.) Par.

Achiquiri, near Mapiri, on decayed wood, 700 meters, June
17, Ig02 (2120).

STEREOPHYLLUM SUBCHLOROPHYLLUM (C. M.) Par.

Near San José, Rio Mapiri, 600 meters, June 13, 1902
(2122). Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. 15, 1902 (2897).
STEREOPHYLLUM FLACCISETUM (C. M.) Paris.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on rock, Jan. 10, 1902 (2121); on
tree trunk, Jan. 26, 1902 (2898). Determined from descrip-
tion only. These specimens are both autoicous and possibly
not correctly referred here as Brotherus gives the species as
dioicous. Carl Mueller in #/ora, 1897, p. 340, does not
state the kind of inflorescence.

FaBRONIA POLYCARPA Hook.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on tree trunk, April 14, 1902 (1991).
Apolo, on stone wall, July 4, 1902 (1992). These latter
specimens have the leaves rather more serrate with short,
scattered teeth, than the specimens on trees, although in both
the leaves are often entire.

Fasronia Anpina Mitt.
Sorata, 2400 meters, on trees, June 3, 1902 (1993). These

(244)

specimens have the peristome teeth scarcely or not striate
on the surface, with apex truncate and extending only about
80 p above the mouth.

FABRONIA SINGULIDENS C. M.

Pelichuco, 3300 meters, on rock, May 5, 1902 (2774). By
the stem-leaves this species is rather related to Andzna, but
the perichaetial leaves are more or less truncate and irregu-
larly serrulate above, sometimes with a short abrupt point,
and the peristome teeth extend about twice as far above the
mouth of the capsule, with mostly acute, irregularly erose
apex. The surface of the teeth is striate in various directions.
ANACAMPTODON CUBENSE (Sull.) Mitt.

Apolo, 1500 meters, above base of trees, Feb. 21, 1902
(1994).

ScHWETSCHKEA Bo.rviana C. M.

Pelichuco, 3300 meters, May §, 1902, on rock (2775).
HIELICODONTIUM TENUIROSTRE Schwaegr.

Apolo, 1500 meters, Feb. 25, 1902 (2014). Santa Cruz,
1700 meters, on rock, Aug. 24, 1902 (2013). Near Aten, on
old log, July 26, 1902, 1200 meters (2017).

HELICODONTIUM CAPILLARE (Sw.) Jaeg.

Mapiri, 480 meters, at base of tree, Sept. 18, rgoz (2016).
Helicodontium spicatinervum sp. nov.

Autoicous: in low, loosely cespitose mats with creeping
stems and irregular branches about one half cm. long; stem-
leaves not plicate, scarcely 1 mm. long, erect or somewhat
spreading when dry, rather widely spreading when moist,
from a broadly ovate base gradually tapering to a short, very
acute apex, finely serrulate all round to the reflexed border
near base, with stout nerve extending about two thirds up and
ending in short spine on back; leaf-cells narrow and thin-
walled above, toward the basal angles becoming broader and
shorter, the median cells up to “Op wide and 4oyz long;
branch-leaves shorter and broader pointed; perichaetial
leaves pale, more or less costate below, the inner gradually
lanceolate pointed, serrulate on margin, up to 1.6 mm. long;

( 245 )

capsule erect, ovate, 1.25 mm. long without lid, with an ob-
liquely rostrate lid about .75 mm. long, on a smooth seta 8 or 9

mm. high; outer peristome with teeth cross-striate below and
somewhat papillose above; segments of inner peristome nar-
row, with narrow slits along the median line and sometimes
very short, rudimentary cilia between; annulus narrow, one
or two rows of cells high; spores up to 12 4 in diameter.

Pelichuco, 3350 meters, May 5, 1902, on tree (2773).
This species is near odli:querostratum, but that is a smaller
plant with somewhat rough seta, leaf-cells shorter and
broader and apex of leaf wider. A. /aevisetum has a much
narrower leaf of different outline.

DALTONIA LONGIFOLIA Tayl.

Rio Pelichuco, 1950 meters, April 29, 1902, on trees (2751).
Santa Barbara, 1800 meters, Aug. 30, 1902 (1816). Taylor
describes the leaves of this species as ‘‘ integerrimo” but in
specimens, apparently from the type locality, the leaf is
minutely serrulate above asin Pelichuco specimens.
DALTONIA IRRORATA Mitt.

Sorata, 2500 meters, on tree, Sept. 3, 1901 (2942). These
specimens were nearly concealed by other mosses growing
about them and are smaller than the type.

ADELOTHECIUM BocGoTENsE (Hampe) Mitt.

Near Apolo, 1800 meters, July 25, 1902 (1965). Hampe
describes the costa as ending below the apex but in specimens
of Lindig from apparently the type locality the narrow,
elongated cells of costa extend into the apiculus in many of
the leaves just as in these specimens, the colored part of costa
vanishing in both specimens some distance below apex; also
the leaf-cells on both surfaces are smooth, not papillose, as
figured in Engler and Prantl, p. 924. The Apolo plants are
a little larger, with longer apiculus and margin more dis-
tinctly crenulate than in Lindig’s specimen, which is not ap-
parently in the best of condition.

CyYCLODICTYON ALBICANS (Sw.) Broth.
Lower Rio Cocos near Rio Lanca, 950 meters, March 25,

(246 )
1902, on decayed log (1960). ‘These specimens have flowers
autoicous or sometimes synoicous, they seem to differ some-
what also in having rather longer, more slender-pointed peri-
chaetial leaves than are found in West Indian specimens.
CycLopicTYON HUMILE (Mitt.) Broth.

Isapuri, 450 meters, on decayed log and rock, Oct. 19,
1g0i (1959). San Buena Ventura, on rock, I90 meters,
Nov. 15, 1901 (2065). San Juan, 975 meters, March 22,
1902, on old log (1958).

CYCLODICTYON AERUGINOSUM (Mitt.) Broth.

Near Aten, 1050 meters, on rock, Aug. 3, 1902 (1952).
Isapuri, 450 meters, Sept. 17, 1901 (1955).

CALLICOSTELLA RIVULARIS (Mitt.) Broth.

Isapuri, Sept. 27, 1901, on rock (2882). These speci-
mens should, perhaps, be referred elsewhere. They are
rather larger, more yellowish, with somewhat narrower leaves
than the specimens of rzvularzs I have seen.
CALLICOSTELLA PALLIDA (C. M.) Jaeg.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. 8, 1902, on old log (1954).
Apolo, 1500 meters, June 28, 1902, in wet places on earth
(1950). Charopampa, Rio Mapiri, 460 meters, Sept. 23,
1g0r, on log (1956).

CALLICOSTELLA SCABRIUSCULA (C. M.) Jaeg.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on damp sand and roots of trees,
Jan. 20, 1902 (2063).

CALLICOSTELLA MICROCARPA (Hornsch.) Jaeg.

Near Aten, 912 meters, on wet rock, June 18, 1902 (1951).
HooKkERIOPSIS VARIABILIS (Hornsch.) Jaeg.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on wet, overhanging rock wall,
Dec. 12, 1901 (2096).

Hookeriopsis longiseta sp. nov.

Autoicous: in low, loosely spreading mats, with lax stems
and irregular branches about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. broad

(247 )

when moist; leaves when dry, spreading flexuous, more or
less complanate, ovate-lanceolate, the lateral a little larger,
about 1.3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, without border, ser-
rulate two thirds down; costa double, the bases separated by
width of 2 or 3 cells, the two parts somewhat diverging
upward, serrate on the back and vanishing above the middle,
the apices ending in short spines; leaf-cells quite uniform
throughout; the median about 4o » long by 6 w wide; peri-
chaetial leaves erect-flexuous, ecostate, the inner mostly a
little longer than stem-leaves, from an ovate base gradually
narrowing to a long-lanceolate apex or sometimes to a short,
nearly entire blunt apex; pedicel smooth, up to 2 cm. high;
capsule short oblong, more or less horizontal, 0.75 mm. long,
with erect, short-beaked lid a little shorter, when dry curved
and contracted below the mouth; outer teeth of peristome
furrowed and hyaline along the middle, finely cross-striate
below, papillose at apex, inner segments papillose, scarcely
or not split along the keel, a little shorter than the teeth;
calyptra smooth, lacerate at base; spores smooth, 12 # in
diameter.

Trail between San José and Apolo, Feb. 12, 1902, 1350
meters (2042). This species is near planiuscula and cerrhosa.
From the first it differs in its rather narrower leaves, longer
seta, different capsule and perichaetial leaves; from the
second in capsule not strumose, leaves not hamate at apex of
stem and seta longer.

HooKERIOPSIS ASPRELLA (Hampe) Broth.

Santa Anna near Aten, 1670 meters, on rock, July 31,
1902 (1953).

HooKERIOPsIS CRISPA (C. M.) Jaeg.

Santa Anna, 1670 meters, on rock along stream, July 30,
1902 (1964). Trail between San José and Apolo, Feb. 12,
1902 (2943). Santa Cruz, 1525 meters, Aug. 25, 1902 (2944).
HooxkERIopsis UNDATULA (C. M.) Broth.

Mouth Rio Pelichuco, 930 meters, April 27, 1902 (2758).
HooxkeEriopsis rncurvA (Hook. et Grev.) Broth.

Santa Barbara, Apolo region, 1650 meters, Aug. 30, 1902,
on decaying log (1963). Rio Cocos, 1050 meters, on log,

( 248 )

April 2, 1902 (1962). Trail between San José and Apolo,
Feb. 9, 1902 (1961).
Stenodictyon saxicola sp. nov.

A = dioicous, no antheridia found: fertile flowers
abundant with 50 or more archegonia and numerous longer
eee plants in thin mats with creeping stems and
more or less procumbent branches with complanate leaves,
about I mm. wide; leaves when dry erect-spreading, scarcely
changed by eae oblong-lanceolate, up to 1.25 mm.
long by 0.25 mm. wide, concave, borders flat, serrulate one
half down, faintly bios to below the middle or with the
forks of costa extending about two thirds up and serrulate on
the back with apices prominent; ess edaaet mies erect,
above gradually narrowed to long-lan ate rulate apex,
more or less costate below, or the inner ns ee seta
very rough, 1.5 cm. high; capsule nodding or horizontal,
about 1.25 mm. long with erect-beaked lid nearly I mm. long,
when dry and empty much contracted under the mouth;
teeth of outer peristome papillose above, furrowed along the
middle in lower two thirds, with outer plates finely cross-striate
and prominent lamellae projecting well beyond (12 #) outer
edges of teeth; segments of inner peristome pale vellow,
papillose, with narrow slits along keel, from a high basilar
membrane without cilia ; calyptra somewhat rough at apex
and lacerate below ; smooth spores I2 win diameter.

Trail between Aten and Apolo, 1800 meters, on rock,
Aug. 6, 1902 (2081). This species is distinguished from
nitidum at once by its much smaller size, the branches of
nitidum being 2 to 2.5 mm. across.

LEPIDOPILUM INTERMEDIUM (C. MI.) Mitt.

Santa Cruz, Aug. 25, 1902, on trees, 1600 meters (2002).
LEPIDOPILUM ANGUSTIFRONS Hampe.

Santa Barbara, Apolo region, Aug. 30, 1902, 1700 meters
(2879).

The arrangement according to Brotherus in Engler and
Prantl stops with this number, as that publication does not go
farther at this time of writing.

Hyporreryeium TAmarisci (Sw.) Brid.

Middle Mapiri River, 950 meters, June 13, 1902 (2947).

San José to Apolo trail, Feb. 8, 1902 (1990)

(249)
RHACOPILUM TOMENTOSUM (Hedw.) Mitt.

Rio Machariapo, Apolo region, 1100 meters, April 8, 1902
(1876). Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. 15, 1902 (1877).
Apolo, 1500 meters, June 27, 1902 (1878). Isapuri, Mapiri
River, on rock, 450 meters, Oct. 3, 1901 (1879).
RHEGMATODON SCHLOTHEIMIOIDES Spruce.

Below Pelichuco, 3000 meters, on rock, April 30, 1902
(2851).

LESKEA PLUMARIA Mitt.

Sorata, on branches of trees, 2450 meters, Sept. 3, 1901
(2019).

PsEUDOLESKEA ANDINA Sch.

Tacacoma, 3100 meters, June 10, 1902 (2018).

THUIDIUM PUSILLUM Mitt.

Near Aten, 1400 meters, on log, Aug. 4, 1902 (2945).
This species is near 7. minzctulim but has leaf-cells more
pellucid and acutely mamillose, not with two or three small
papillae to each cell surface.

THUIDIUM LEPTOCLADUM (Tayl.) Mitt.

Below Pelichuco, 2700 meters, April 30, 1902 (2779).
THUIDIUM SCABROSULUM Mitt.

Tumupasa, on bark, 430 meters, Jan. 6, 1902 (2006).
THUIDIUM INVOLVENS (Hedw.) Mitt.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, at base of tree, Jan. 19, 1902 (2062).
THUIDIUM scHISTOCALYX (C. M.) Mitt.

Guani Rio, Apolo region, 1050 meters, on rock, Aug. 11,
1902 (2007).

Tuurpium MinuTuLUM (Hedw.) Mitt.

Near Apolo, 1500 meters, on earth of dry, shady hillside,
July 24, 1902 (2008). Apolo, on rock, March 6, 1902 (2009).
T. pauperum (C.M.) Mitt. is evidently not distinct from
minutulum.

(250 )

Tuurpium BrasILiense Mitt.

Rio Pelichuco, 2100 meters, on log, April 27, 1902 (2778).
Near Aten, 1700 meters, June 18, 1902, onthe ground (2005).
Near Aten, Aug. 16, 1902, 0n rock (2953). These specimens
do not seem to differ in any way from the type specimens,
but Mitten’s description is evidently incorrect (Jour. Linn.
Soc. 12: 579) for the type shows the majority of the cells not
or scarcely elongated and highly mamillose, with the apex of
the cells in leaf below divided into two or three points and be-
coming often spine-like in upper leaf on back. Iam unable
to distinguish 7. Antllarum Besch and 7. pseudorecognitum
Hpe. from above. The Bolivian specimens are similar to
those of J. Weir, no. 376, near Pacho, Andes Bogotensis,
which are called de/icatu/um, but they ali differ from the
latter in having smaller leaves on the branchlets, the para-
phyllia rougher with more or less spine-like papillae and
mostly with rather narrower cells toward the base of the stem-
leaves. It would seem that true de/icatulum does not occur
in South America.

THUIDIUM FIRMULUM C. M.

Machariapo Rio, 1100 meters, April 8, 1902 (2015).
RIGODIUM LEPTODENDRON C, MM.

Apolo, on rocks, 1§00 meters, July 7, 1902 (2012).
Potamium longisetum sp. nov.

Autoicous: in loose, dark-green tufts about 4 cm. high,
attached to rocks in flowing water; primary stems creeping,
mostly denuded of leaves; secondary stems erect, simple or
with few branches, about 3 mm. wide, with the complanate
leaves spreading, either wet or dry; leaves ovate to short ob-
long-lanceolate, acute, 2 mm. long by 0.8 mm. wide, shortly
bicostate, very concave, entire, somewhat reflexed on borders :
leaf-cells toward apex narrowly rhomboidal to hexagonal,
below narrow and elongate, up to 5 4 wide and Sou long, 5
or 6 cellsin basal angles enlarged and colored with somewhat
yellowish, thick-walled cells extending across leaf-base ; peri-
chaetial leaves a little smaller and narrower pointed than stem
leaves, ecostate with apex sometimes slightly serrulate; seta

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smooth, up to 2 cm. high; capsule ovate, more or less nod-
ding and curved, about 1.25 mm. long without lid, with a
convex, slender-beaked lid .75 mm. long; exothecal cells
about 20 # wide, aanted scarcely elongate, with walls much
thickened at the angles; stomata in about 2 rows near base
of capsule; teeth of outer peristome brown with distinct
medium line, finely cross-striate below and papillose near
apex ; segments of inner peristome papillose, narrow, scarcely
split along the keel, as long as the teeth, with mostly single
cilia between, from a basilar membrane one fourth the height
of teeth; minutely roughened spores up to 20 yp.

Apolo, 1500 meters, July 10, rg02 (2115).
PTEROGONIELLA PULCHELLA (Hook.) Sch. MS. in Jaeg.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. 23, 1902 (2059). Often
growing mixed with other species. The plant called A/ezo-
thectum nanum Besch. is evidently this species as well as
Potamium Castquiarense Spruce.

It seems that Schimper proposed (in MS. only) the genus
Fterogoniella for Pterogonium pulchellum Hook., Musci
Exot. t. 4, 1818. Jaeger was the first to publish Prerogon:-
ella, in about 1875, and he put into it, first, Saudoma, a
group of mosses not only very distinct as a genus from
Schimper’s Prerogonzella, but belonging to a different family,
true Sauloma being quite unknown from America, although
attributed to the West Indies by Carl Miller through mis-
taken determinations; second, Veckera C. M. in part; third,
Ptertgynandrum and Pterogontum of Montagne; fourth,
Metothectum Mitt.; fifth, Potamium Mitt.; sixth, Plerogonz-
ella Sch. At present these first five genera are well recog-
nized and quite distinct groups from the sixth, and if we con-
tinue to use Schimper’s Pterogonzella it should evidently in-
clude only three names as above given, out of the thirty-three
names included by Jaeger in his genus. Thus limited, the
genus would contain those species that have a single peri-
stome of thick, brownish teeth, densely papillose on both sides,
leaves smooth, ecostate or faintly bicostate and leaf-cells at
basal angles hyaline and square to short-rectangular, never
yellow and inflated.

MEIOTHECIUM ComMUTATUM (C. M.).

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on tree trunk, Jan. 14, 1902
(2946).

MEIOTHECIUM TENERUM Mitt.

Apolo, 1500 meters, Feb. 26, 1902, on tree (2069).
TRICHOSTELIUM FLUVIALE (Mitt.) Jaeg.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on decayed log, Jan. 8, 1902
(2073).

TRICHOSTELIUM AMBIGUUM (Schwaegr.) Par.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on decayed log, Jan. 8, 1902
(2061).

TRICHOSTELIUM ARRECTUM (Mitt.) Jaeg.

Santa Barbara, near Apolo, 1700 meters, on limbs of trees,
Aug. 30, 1902 (2881).

TAXITHELIUM PSEUDO-ACUMINATULUM C, M.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on damp sand with F’ss¢dens and
Ectropothecium Jan. 17, 1902 (2896).

TAXITHELIUM PLANUM (Brid.) Mitt.

Isapuri, 450 meters, on decayed wood, Oct. 5, 1901 (2040).
Isapuri, on wood and rock, Oct. 3, 1901 (2038). Tumupasa,
on bark, Jan. 4, 1902 (2039).

SEMATOPHYLLUM PUNGENS (Sw.) Mitt.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on decayed log, Dec. 12, 1901
(2124). Santa Anna, near Aten, on tree trunk, July 30,
1902 (2125).

SEMATOPHYLLUM ULICINUM Mitt.

Santa Barbara, 1700 meters, on limbs of trees, Aug. 30,
1902 (2123).

SEMATOPHYLLUM CAESPITOSUM (Sw.) Mitt.

Isapuri, 450 meters, on branches of trees, Oct. 3, 1901
(2113).

SEMATOPHYLLUM LOXENSE (Hook.) Mitt.

Near Pelichuco, 3000 meters, on rock, April 30, 1902
(2749). Apolo, 1500 meters, at base of trees, Feb. 21, 1902
(2110). Apolo, on rock in stream, April 17, 1902 (2112).

( 253 )

Apolo, on wet rock, July 13, 1902 (2118). Near Aten, 1700
meters, on rock, Aug. 16, 1902 (2082). Consata, 1200
meters, on rock, June 12, 1902 (2119).

SEMATOPHYLLUM GALIPENSE (C. M.) Mitt.

San José to Apolo trail, Feb. 12, 1902, on rock (2105).
Near San José, 515 meters, on rock, Jan. 31, 1902 (2104),
Tumupasa, 430 meters, on rock, Jan. 10, 1g02 (2098).
Tumupasa, on rock, Jan. 4, 1902 (2114). Apolo, on rock,
1500 meters, Feb. 14, 1902 (2106). Tumupasa, on rock,
Dec. 8, 1901 (2075).

SEMATOPHYLLUM CUCULATIFOLIUM (Hampe) Mitt.

Lower Rio Cocos, g0o meters, March 25, 1902 (2101).
Near Aten, 1100 meters, on wet rock, July 26, 1902 (2117).
Apolo, 1500 meters, on tree, March 1, 1902 (2111).

Sematophyllum tenuicarpum sp. nov.

Monoicous: forming low, yellowish-green mats with creep-
ing stems and rather short, more or less erect and curved
branches; leaves somewhat spreading all around stem, either
wet or dry; stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, somewhat
recurved on the margin, 1.3 mm. long, with cells mostly
narrowly linear, but becoming more or less rhomboidal in the
apex and with 4 or § large, yellow, inflated cells at basal
angles ; terminal branch-leaves a little shorter than stem-leaves
with broader and minutely serrulate apex; inner eine ass
leaves as long as stem-leaves, lanceolate, entire or minutely
serrulate at the apex; seta 1 cm. high; capsule nearly
straight and erect, cylindrical- oblong, without lid, 1mm. high
by .25 mm. in diameter, with a slender beaked lid about 75
mm.or more in length; exothecal cells with rather thin,
somewhat sinuous walls, not greatly thickened at the angles
and somewhat irregularly thickened at the sides, near middle
of capsule about 15 » wide by 28y long; peristome double,
outer teeth pale, finely papillose with rather broad apex and
hyaline border; inner segments narrow, solid, papillose,
slightly exceeding the teeth in length, with short or no cilia
between ; smooth | spores up to 17 # in diameter.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, on bark, Dec. 11, Igor (2066).
This species is somewhat like both S. chrysostegum and
agnatum, but chrysostegum has a much longer pointed leaf

(254)

and broader capsule; agnatum has a longer pointed leaf and
broader capsule, with exothecal cells nearly square and walls
greatly thickened at the angles.

SEMATOPHYLLUM CHRySOsTEGUM (C. M.) Mitt.

Sorata, 2450 meters, on trees, June 3, 1902 (2024).
SEMATOPHYLLUM CIRCINALE (Hampe) Mitt.

Near Aten, 1400 meters, on tree, July 27, 1902 (2023).
Achiquiri, 950 meters, on decayed log, June 17, 1902 (2948).
Apolo, 1500 meters, at base of tree, Feb. 24, Ig02 (2132).
Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan. 29, 1902, on tree (2060).
SEMATOPHYLLUM OBLIQUIROSTRATUM Mitt.

San José to Apolo trail, 1400 meters, Feb. 10, 1902 (2108).
SEMATOPHYLLUM PROMINULUM Mitt.

San Juan, 960 meters, on rocks, March 21, 1902 (2025).
The leaves of these specimens seem to be quite smooth on the
back as is evidently the case with the type specimen in the
Mitten herbarium.

SEMATOPHYLLUM SUBSIMPLEX (Hedw.) Mitt.

Tumupasa, 430 meters, at base of tree, Jan. 19, 1902
(2079). Tumupasa, on decayed log, Jan. 14, rg02 (2084).
Between Rio Cocos and Rio Lanca, March 26, 1902 (2026).
Between Ixiamas and Tumupasa, Dec. 20, 1901 (2076).
Achiquiri, near Mapiri, 1000 meters, on decayed log, June
17, 1902 (2027). This species is of a rather pale green color ;
the exothecal cells are somewhat mamillose, hexagonal, with
walls not thickened.

MICROTHAMNIUM THELISTEGUM (C. M.) Mitt.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on earth and rock, March g, 1902
(2030). Tumupasa, 430 meters, on decayed log, Jan. 8,
1902 (2031). Between Tumupasa and San José, Jan. 30,
1902 (2034). Rio Tuichi, on decayed wood, April 7, 1902
(2036).

MIcROTHAMNIUM ELEGANTULUM (Flook.) Mitt.
Near Aten, on log, 1150 meters, July 27, 1902 (2054).

(255)

Near Apolo, 1800 meters, on log, July 24, 1902 (2053).
Near Aten, 1200 meters, on rock, Aug. 4, 1902 (2055).
MICROTHAMNIUM OXYSTEGUM Spruce.

San José to Apolo trail, on rock along stream, 925 meters,
Feb. 5, 1902 (2037).

MICROTHAMNIUM ANDICOLA (Hook.) Mitt.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on bark of tree, July 7, 1902 (2032).
Near Aten, on decayed log, June 19, 1902 (2090). San José
to Apolo trail, Feb. 7, 1902 (2033). These specimens seem
to be the same species as those of Weir, no. 279, Pacho, 6500
ft., Andes Bogotense. The stem-leaves are about twice
wider than any figures given by Hooker for this species in
Musci Exot. Tab. 83.

MICROTHAMNIUM REPTANS (Sw.) Mitt.

Santa Cruz, 1525 meters, Aug. 24, 1902 (2045). Santa
Barbara, on rock along stream, Aug. 29, 1902 (2011).
Tumupasa, 430 meters, on rock, Jan. 10, 1902 (2046). Con-
sata, 1220 meters, June 12, 1902 (2047). The following
species is possibly scarcely distinct in having narrower, more
gradually pointed stem-leaves.

MicroTHAMNIUM Lanesporrri! (Hook.) Mitt.

Between Apolo and Aten, 1600 meters, on old logs, Aug.
6, 1902 (2087). San José to Apolo trail, on bark, Feb. 12,
1902 (2950). Apolo, on damp, shady ground, April 17, 1902
(2043). Ipurima, between San José and Apolo, Feb. 7, 1902
(2949). Lower Rio Cocos, 925 meters, on bark, April 1,
1902 (2044). MM. acrorrhizon (Hornsch.) Jaeg. evidently
belongs under this species. Also M4. pendulinum (Hampe)
Jaeg.

EcTROPOTHECIUM AERUGINOSUM (C. M.) Mitt.

Consata, 1220 meters, June 12, 1902 (2051). Near Aten,
1100 meters, on wet sand by stream, July 27, 1902 (2052).
EcTROPOTHECIUM VESCICULARE (Schwaegr.) Mitt.

San Juan, Rio Asariamas, 1160 meters, on log, March 22,
1902 (2028). San Buena Ventura, 190 meters, on rock along
stream, Nov. 15, 1901 (2029). Santa Barbara, 1670 meters,
on rock, Aug. 30, 1902 (2050).

(256)

Ecrropot HECIUM AMPHIBOLUM Spruce.

Near Aten, 1070 meters, on decayed log, Aug. 4, 1902
(2049). Near Aten, on wet clay, Aug. 3, 1902 (2058). San
Juan, Rio Asariamas, 1160 meters, March 22, 1902 (2032).
IsOPTERYGIUM BRACHYNEURON (C. M.) Mitt.

Charopampa, 480 meters, on bark, Sept. 24, I901 (2056).
Tumupasa, 430 meters, Jan 25, 1902 (2131). New Brazil,
June 15, 1902, on bark (2094). Near Aten, on decayed wood
and earth, 1500 meters, June 17, 1902 (2070). Apolo, on
decayed wood and earth, 1500 meters, June 29, 1902 (2097).
IsoPTERYGIUM TENERUM (Sw.) Mitt.

San Buena Ventura, 190 meters, on bark, Nov. 29, 1901
(20 Tumupasa, 430 meters, on bark, with Prerogoni-
ella pulchella, Jan. 23, 1902 (2059).

IsoPTERYGIUM LEUCOPHYLLUM (Hampe) Mitt.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on tree trunk, March 6, 1902 (2068).
Near Apolo, on tree trunk, Feb. 14, 1902 (2071)
Plagiothecum mollicaule sp. nov.

Apparently dioicous: plants in glossy, light-green, soft
mats with procumbent, slender, scarcely branching stems up
to 5 cm. long or more and 175 » in diameter, without central
strand and arind of one row of smaller, thin-walled cells;
leaves complanate, slightly curved to one side, entire, long-
decurrent, about 1.25 mm. long and .5 mm. wide, broadly
ovate-acute with a short-subulate, entire apex, more or less
recurved on borders, ecostate or bicostate up to one third of
leaf, with an ill-defined cluster of larger, pale cells at the
basal angles; median leaf-cells about 6 » wide and up to 80
pe long; perichaetial leaves from a broad base gradually lan-
ceolate-pointed, ecostate, entire, convolute with the apex
mostly spreading ; seta about 1.5 cm. high; capsule erect or
nodding, oblong, without lid about 1 mm. long, exothecal
cells near middle of capsule up to 24 4 wide and 30 u long,
about 3 rows of cells at mouth transversely elongate; lid
conical apiculate, annulus simple, breaking away in trag-
ments; peristome teeth pale, striate Seale papillose above,

about 50 # wide at base and 320 w high; inner segments of
equal length, very narrow, solid or slightly split along keel,

(257 )

slightly papillose, with or without more or less elongated
solitary cilia between, from a basilar membrane extending
above mouth one fourth height of teeth; spores not quite
smooth, up to 12 # in in diameter.

Near Pelichuco, 2450 meters, on damp rock, April 30,
1902 (2780). This species is somewhat like P. laeviusculum
C. M., but rather larger and leaves long-decurrent.
Rhynchostegium alboviridum sp. nov.

Monoicous: plants in low, rather compact pale-green mats ;
stems short, with few branches and leaves mostly destroyed
by maceration; branch-leaves complanate, rather crowded,
up to 1.25 mm. in length, broadly ovate to rotundate, concave,
borders flat above, recurved below, serrulate to below the
middle, rather abruptly short-pointed or with a longer twisted
point; costa sometimes indistinct, not prominent on the back,
mostly vanishing near or below middle of leaf; leaf-cells

ratous the median 7-8 # wide and up to 804 long,
the basal much Ghare: and broader, not forming distinct
clusters at angles; perichaetial leaves ecostate or faintly
costate, from a broadly ovate base gradually narrowed to a
lanceolate, entire or minutely serrulate nearly erect point,
about one half the length of wider part of leaf; seta smooth,

obliquely rostrate lid and broad annulus mostly adhering to
capsule; teeth of peristome one half mm. high by one tenth
mm. wide at base; inner segments, from a high membrane,
broad, split along keel, with 2 or 3 cilia between, sometimes
nearly as high ; nearly smooth spores up to 124.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on clayey soil, March 10, 1902 (2109).
This species is near A. campylocarpum but the leaves are
broader and shorter with shorter costa.

RHYNCHOSTEGIUM CALLISTOMUM Besch.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on earth, June 28, 1902 (2089). These
specimens have a distinct annulus, mostly adherent to the
capsule, as do specimens of the type collection, no. 2763,
Bourgeau, although the species is described as without annu-
lus. I am inclined to believe the species is not distinct from
Hurtomalconum, but have not seen good specimens of the latter
for comparison.

(258)

RuyncHostTecium Lamasicum (Spruce) Jaeg.

San Juan, 1160 meters, on decayed log, April 4, 1902
(2103).

Distinguished by the broad apex of the leaves.

RHYNCHOSTEGIUM PLANIFOLIUM C. M.

Apolo, 1500 meters, on damp ground in shade, July ro,
1902 (2093). This seems to be near 1. palldius Hampe
from Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, no. 7131, but perhaps the leaf-cells
below average a little narrower and the leaf apex seems
rather more acutely pointed.

RHYNCHOSTEGIUM AQUATICUM (Hampe) Jaeg.

Sorata, 2400 meters, on rock in spray of waterfall, June
6, 1902 (2020). Near Pelichuco, 2700 meters, on submerged
rock, April 30, 1902 (2776). A. Limnobzella C. M. I am
unable to distinguish in any way from aguaticune.
EuRHYNCHIUM EXASPERATUM (Hampe) Jaeg.

Sorata, 2400 meters, on submerged rock, Aug. 31, 1902
(2130).

BRACHYTHECIUM STEREOPOMA Spruce.

Santa Barbara, 1700 meters, on shaded ground, Aug. 24,
1902 (1976). Apolo, 1500 meters, on ground, July 9, 1902
(1977).

BRACHYTHECIUM TENUIPINNATUM (C. M.) Par.

Rio Pelichuco, 2600 meters, on rock, April 28, 1902
(2777).

BracuyTuHecium Boxivio-pLumosum C. M.

Near Pelichuco, 2700 meters, on rock, April 30, 1902
(2783).

HARPIDIUM ADUNCUM INTERMEDIUM Schimp.

Yura, Peru, 2400 meters, immersed in small stream, Aug.
II, 1901 (2786). No. 2787, growing near the preceding,
seems to be a more compact form of the same variety.
Hygrohypnum Pelichucense sp. nov.

Dioicous: growing in low, compact, mostly brownish
mats ; primary stems creeping, stiff and wiry, with branches
up to 3 cm. long, bearing rather distant, irregular, curved

(259)

branchlets; cross-sections of stem about 175 » in diameter,
without central strand or outer rind, the rind composed of
about 4 rows of small thick-walled cells; leaves mostly
homomallous, simply costate to near middle or costa shorter
and unequally forking; the stem-leaves short ovate-lanceo-
late, about .8 mm. long and .4 mm. wide, very concave, ser-
rulate above, with a scarcely distinct cluster of cells at basal
angles; branch leaves much narrower than stem-leaves and
gradually smaller toward the apex of branch; leaf-cells from
elongate-hexagonal above to more or less linear below, the
median about 7 # wide and 20-36 # long; perichaetial leaves
gradually narrowed to a long, slender, flexuous, slightly ser-
rulate apex; seta about 18 mm. long; capsule from nodding
to mostly horizontal, oblong, with the obtuse, mamillate lid
1.6 mm. long, the scattered stomata near base nearly round,
about 28 # in diameter; annulus two rows of cells high; teeth
of peristome pale brown, with outer plates rather indistinct
and finely papillate-striate, the segments of endostome nearly
as long as teeth with narrow perforations along keel and with
one to three shorter cilia between, from a basilar membrane
extending above mouth two fifths the height of teeth ; smooth
spores up to 164

Pelichuco, 3300 meters, on rock, April 29, 1902 (2781).
Calliergon Luipichense sp. nov.

Plants sterile, i in deep blackish tufts in water; stems some-

mostly destroyed by maceration on stem below, above closely
imbricate, narrowly decurrent, about 2.5 mm. long and 0.8
mm. wide, ovate-lanceolate, broadest about one fourth up
from base, slightly serrulate at the often recurved, short-
cuspidate apex, strongly costate to a little below the apex ;
leaf-cells narrowly linear, the median about 5 # wide and
80 # long, with lateral walls thickened and more or less pitted,
at basal angles enlarged and hyaline or reddish, forming a
distinct cluster.

Growing in a small pond at 4300 meters elevation near the
Luipichi Pass, Sept. 9, 1901 (2021). This species is perhaps
nearest some of the branching forms of C. sarmentosum.
SCORPIDIUM SCORPIOIDES (L.) Limpr.

In pond with preceding species. The older leaves in these

( 260 )

specimens are in poor condition but I believe there are no char-
acters by which the plant may be distinguished specifically
from North American and European specimens (2022).

I am indebted to Dr. Warnstorf for naming the following
species of Sphagnum:

SPHAGNUM MEDIUM Limpr. v. PURPURASCENS (Russ.) Warns.
forma ANOCLADA.

Below Tolapampa, 2430 meters, Sept. 12, 1901 (1686).
SPHAGNUM MEDIUM Limpr. v. VIRESCENS Warns.

Near Apolo, 1828 meters, on sand along stream, July 25,
1902 (1693).

SPHAGNUM MEDIUM Limpr. v. PALLESCENS Warns. f. DENSA.

Near Ingenio, 3050 meters, Sept. 10, 1902 (1687).
SPHAGNUM MERIDENSE C. M. v. paruLtUM Warns.

Below Tolapampa, 2430 meters, Sept. 12, 1901 (1692).
SpHacnum BoxiviaE Warns. sp. nov. v. VIRESCENS Warns.

Tumupasa, 550 meters, Dec. 12, 1901 (1691.) Near Yuyu,
g12 meters, June 18, 1902 (1690).

SpHacnum BoxiviaE Warns. v. VIRESCENS Warns. f. BRACHY-

ANOCLADA.

Apolo, 1500 meters, June 27, 1902 (1689).

This Grimuwa was omitted from its proper place in Part I.
Grimmia julacea sp. nov.

Autoicous, g' flowers with inner perigonial leaves short-
ovate, acute, very concave, ecostate, enclosing 7 or 8 anther-
idia about 80 yw high, without paraphyses: plants in dense,
hemispherical, grayish-green tufts with mostly dichotomously
branching stems up to 1.5 cm. high; cross-section of branch
about 200 win diameter with well-defined central strand about
50% in diameter and rind of 2 rows of somewhat thicker-
walled cells; branch-leaves closely and regularly imbricate,
either wet or dry, about 1 mm. long, rotundate or broadly

vate, concave, entire, rather gradually tapering into a hya-
line, lanceolate, serrulate apex, papillose on its inner face, in
cross-section showing a single layer of cells in leaf-blade and

( 261 )

margin, with costa on ventral side composed of 3 or 4 large
cells, on dorsal side of 4-6 cells, and between, a ban
small, thick-walled cells up to 8 or 10 in number; costa
mostly vanishing at base of hyaline apex; leaf-cells in lower
one half of leaf mostly square, up to 16 x 16 4, with thin walls
and either hyaline or green, above to the hyaline apex green,
somewhat elongate, with slightly thickened and rarely sin-
uous walls; perichaetial leaves larger than lower leaves with
longer more serrulate point and costa above hyaline and more
or less percurrent; fruit very immature, apparently immersed
on a short straight seta, calyptra short-mitrate, smooth, lacer-
ated at base.

Arequipa, Peru, 2400 meters, on dry, exposed rock, Aug.
8, 1901 (2805); sterile stems of this species have much the
appearance of some Plagzobryum but they are green, not red,
and the hyaline apex is more or less papillose.

CoRRECTIONS.

In Part I of this enumeration, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Garden 3
(9): 107. 1903, the following corrections should be made.

No. 1756, Campylopodium sulcatum n. sp.,is Campylopus
(Pseudocampylopus) Krauseanus (Hpe. et Lor.) Par.

No. 1748, Campylopus concolor (Hook.) Mitt, is evidently
not that species but C. rosudatus (Hpe.) Mitt.

No. 1759, Campylopus porphyreodictyon (C. M.) Mitt., is
rather C. filzfoldus (Hornsch.) Mit

No. 1741, Dicranella Subse ilata n. sp., equals D.
Fitilariana (Mont.) Mitt.

(262)

Critical Notes on New or Little Known Species in the Her-
barium of the New York Botanical Garden

By B. P. G. HOCHREUTINER
POACEAE

CENTOTHECA LAPPACEA (L.) Desv. Nouv. Bull. Soc.
m.2: 189. 1810
Cenchrus lappaceus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1488. 1763.

Hooker (FI. Brit. Ind.) identifies that plant with Poa mala-
éarica L. Sp. Pl. 69 (1753), which is a prior name and should be
kept in the new genus. But we find that our plant, with its dense
panicle, and leaves 1.5-1.8 cm. wide, is very distinct from the Poa
matlabarica of the Linnacan Herbarium. The Linnaean plant shows
avery poor and lax panicle, and leaves 5-6 mm. wide. On the con-
trary, our specimen is identical with the Cexchrus lappaceus which
is to be found in Linnaeus’ collection. Therefore the binomial
created by Desveaux must be considered as the right one.

Apocopis paleacea (Trin.) Hochr. comb. nov.
LIschaemum paleaceum Trin. Mem. Acad. Petersb. VI. 2: 293.

1833; Sp. Gram. Ic. 2. 337
Apocopis Royleana Nees, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 220. 1841;

Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7’: 142.

Andropogon paleaceus et himalayensis Steud. Syn. Gram. 1: 376.

Nepalia ( Wallich xo. 8843) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

That specimen is identical with Royle xo. 357, ¢. e., the type of A.
foyleana and with specimens from Nepaul, the original locality of
Trinius for 7. paleaceum. Therefore, the synonymy being certain,
the oldest name, paleaceum, must be taken up.

Andropogon (§ Vetiveria) zizanioides (L.) Hochr.
comb. nov.

Phalaris zizaniotdes L. Mant. 183. 1771.

ee chee L. f. Supp. 433. rae Hook. f. Fi.
Brit. Ind. 7: ; Hack. in DC. Mon. Phan. 6: 542.

A. muricatus Retz. Obs. 3:43. 01779; §: 2. 1791.

Anatherum murtcatum Beauv. Agrost. 150. 1812.

( 263 )

Vetiveria murtcata Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 559. a 64.
Indiae Or. ( Ward no. 38) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gar
A more complete synonymy may be found in an Fl. Brit.
Ind. foc. cz. — The older names only are given here, in order to
show that the one which has priority is A. z7zanzoides (L.).

CyPERACEAE

SCLERIA LAEVIS Retz. Obs. 4: 13; Mig. FI. Ind.
Bat. 3: 141

After seeing the original of Miquel, we can state that even this
type specimen has the teeth of the disk sometimes a little dentate.
This is in opposition to the description of Miquel and we believe
that it is an error of this author who has seen only entire teeth.
There is no doubt about the naming, and Mr. Clarke also ascertained
the determination of Miquel.

BROMELIACEAE

PITCAIRNIA MEGASEPALA Baker, Journ, Bot. 19: 229. 1851°
Mez, in DC. Mon. 9: 402, pro parte.

Nova Sige La Paila (ffoltom 21, TI, 1853, zo. 753) in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew.

This ee the first number quoted by Baker it must be consid-
ered as the type. Compared with the type of 2. arazeosa Baker it
is distinctly different. But there is an analogy between the two spe-
cies. Therefore it happened that Baker himself named megase-
pala a specimen of Halbreyer no. 667 which is P. araneosa
without any doubt. That error induced Mez, who saw the Kew
specimens, to identify P. araxeosa and P. megasepala, and he wrote
on the sheet of Kaléreyer no. 667, ‘*hanca P. aranecosa discernere
nequeo.” He was right, because, in spite of the name megasepala,
written by Baker, it was P. araxeosa itself. These circumstances
show the importance of pointing out clearly what zs the type!

The first plant quoted by Baker in his original description of
P. megasepala is Holton no. 153, and the first quoted for P. ara-
neosa is Schlim no. 139. Therefore they must be considered as
types. If so, there is no difficulty at all, because they are perfectly
distinct. Mez never confused them, if he took the types alone into
consideration. But he also admitted as a type the Kalbreyer speci-
men named by Baker later on and byerror, P. megasepala. That

( 264 )

plant being P. araneosa Mez could not but unite it with P.
araneosa.

Having the types of both P. araneosa and megasepala in my
hands, I will give a short account of their differential characters:

P. MEGASEPALA P. ARANEOSA
Sac ee aie simple. Inflorescence r.
Inferior part of shaft glabrons, Shaft, oe pee and calyx
peers part as well as bracts mi- | covered with a whitish, dense arach-

nutely puberulous with a rather | noid tomentum.
lor.

Bracts bearing flowers 2.5 0.5- Bracts bearing flowers 1.5 X0.2~
and wide at base ; ong and wide at base;

bracts of the terminal bud 1.5 Xo. 4 bracts of the terminal bud almost
cm. long and wide. indistinguishable on account of the
pubescence, 1 0.25 cm. long and

°

wide.
Calyx-lobes 4X 0.3 cm. long and Calyx-lobes 3-3.2 cm. long by 0.2-

wide, brownish with a _ scattered .25 cm. wide at base, dark, nearly
brownish pubescence. oe colored, with a white pubes-

cence

Petals about 5.5 cm. long. Petals 4.5-5 cm. long.
hen the flowers open the calyx When the ae open the calyx
spreads. remains tightly closed and the petals
must force their way between the
sepals
LILIacEAE

Scilla Griffithii Hochr. sp. nov.

Bulbi ovati, tunica scariosa -E argentea pallida. Folia linearia,

elongata, longe attenuata, acuta, basi vaginantia et scapi longitu-
inem superantia. Racemus 9-15- us; bracteae minimae scari-
osae ; pedicelli longi, -— erecti, ut scapus glaberrimi; perigonii

phyla uninervia, elliptico-linearia, subacuta; stamina phyllis paulo
breviora, aimee: basi dilatata; stylus teres, staminibus vix aequi-
longus; ovarium subglobosum. Capsula obovata, pyriformis.
ulbus ca. 2.5 cm. longus, folia 16-25 cm. longa, 0,2-0.3 cm.

lata. Scapus 15-20 cm. longus; pedicelli o.5-1.2 cm. gi;
petala ca.0.9 x 0.25 cm. longa et lata; stamina ca.o.7 cm. longa.
Capsula 0.5 cm. longa et 0.6 cm. lata.

Afghanistan (Griffith no. 5805) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. et
Kew.

This species stands close to S. Hohenackerz, with which it has
the closest relationship; but S. AMohenackeré differs in having a
dark bulb, a 4-7-tlowered inflorescence, somewhat smaller flowers

( 265 )

and a round capsule. Our plant was mixed with S. Hohenackert
in the Kew herbarium.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Hymenocallis longibracteata Hochr. sp. nov.
{e subgen. Huhymenocallis = Hymenocallis
proper Baker Amaryll. 121. 3]

Folia taeniaeformia, glabra, sessilia. Pedunculus foliis probabile

brevio hae

parum
maximae, scariosae, interdum tubo corollae longiores. Tubu

°
|
me
a)
a

oS
=
=
c
5
a
an

ae]
a
n

Folium, quod vidi, ca. 45 x 1.4 cm. longum et latum. spa
3 gi. Bracteae ad 12 cm. longae
Tubus corollae 11-12 cm. longus et ultra; laciniae ad 10
m. longae et 0.5-0.6 cm. latae. Filamenta filiformia ca. 5 cm.
longa, anthera 1.5-2 cm. longa et 1-0.5 mm. lata. Cupula stami-
i m. in diam. lata et ca.2cm.longa. Stylusca. 7 cm.
cupulae staminalis marginem excedens.
Mexico, Orizaba (Fred. Miiller, 18 Juin, 1853, sine no.), in
Herb. N. Y. Bot
This species is related to A. /acera Salish. and 7. galvestonensts
Baker. It has, like both of them, linear leaves, but differs from
Hf. lacera by its enormous bracts (Zacera has small bracts) and
from 7. galvestonensts by its longer corolla-tube (galvestonensis
has a tube 4-8 cm. long).

Bomarea Holtonii Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect. Hudomarea)

Caules sarmentosi, acute quadrangulares, glabri. es resu-
pinata, lanceolato-oblonga, aliquantulum obtuse vel + acute acu-
minata, basi attenuata, supra nitida, glaberrima, subtus = grisea,

rm latati cu 1
lucri eee bee foliis ee nonnullae tantam angustiores
usque ad lineares. edunculos vidi 7; pedunculus quisque fere
usque ad apicem eee 3-4 flores et totidem bracteas ovato-
lanceolatas, apiculat as, quam involucrum minores, sed non resu-
pinatas gerens ; flos quisque bracteae oppositus, pedicellatus; pedi-
celli bracteis breviores, praecipue apice et basi glanduloso-pilosi.
Ovarium obconicum, dense glanduloso-pilosum. Tepala aequi-

( 266 )

longa; exteriora oblonga, apice + cucullata, extus glanduloso-
pilosa, intus basi papillosa et parte media et superior epidermatis
plicis minimis longitudinalibus praedita, ita ut tepala minutissime et

longitudinalem medi glanduloso-pilosa, intus e inferiore
papillosa. Stamina tepalis circa aequilonga; antherae lateoblongae,
fere circulares; filamenta filiformia; parte superiore glabra, parte

&
inferiore papillosa. Stylus apice trifidus, basi triangularis, *papil-
losus.

Petioli 0.5 cm. longi; lamina 7 x 2.4 cm. longa et lata.
Involucri bracteae foliis simillimae 6 x 2- 0.8 et etiam 3.5 Xx
0.2 cm. longae et latae; inflorescentiae rami ca. 15 cm. longi

pedicellus ca. 0.5 cm. longus. aaa ca. 0.4 cm. ae et
apice totidem lJatum. Tepalaexteriora ca. 1.7 x 0.7 cm. longa et
lata, interiora ca. 1.6 x 0.4 cm. longa et lata. Stamina ca. 1.6
cm. longa; eres ca. 1.5 X 1.5 mm. longae et latae.

Nova Grenada, Bogota, ultra one (leg. Holton 15 Déc. 1853,
sine no.) in Herb. N. Y. Bot

Our plant is very near &. edulis and &. salszlla, but the frst
has much larger flowers and a glabrous ovary, and the second has
linear leaves. Following the description it must also be related to
B. Hieronymi Pax (in Engl. Jahrb. 11: 332) which however dif-
fers in having less numerous inflorescence-branches, a glabrous
ovary and the hairs underneath the leaves Jdefweem the nerves in-
stead of oz them. The angular stem is very characteristic of ZB.
FHoltoni?.

BoMAREA PARDINA Herb. Amaryll. 115, ¢. 177, f. 7; Baker
Amaryll. 158, var. longepedicellata Hochr. var. nov.

Aty ie differt pedicellis conspicue longioribus, 9-10 cm. longis (in
typo 2-3 cm.), petalorum maculis valde minoribus, in varietate
minimis, petalis latioribus, ad et ultra 2 cm. latis Cin typo ca. 1.4
cm. latis).

Nova Granada, Volcancito (leg. Holton 26, I, 1853, sine no.),
in Her

This t may te a distinct species, which might also be related to B.
conferta. The latter differs, however, by having petals upto 5 cm.
in width, pubescent stems, and lanceolate leaves which are pubescent
underneath. On our plant the stem and leaves seem to be glabrous
and the leaves are ovate; but the specimen is too imperfect for an
accurate specific description.

( 267 )

VELLOZIACEAE
VELLOZIA GLAUCA Pohl Ic. et Descr. Pl. Brasil. 1: 125, ¢. 200.

VaR. GENUINA Seubert, in Mart. Fl. Brasil. 31: 79, pro parte

quoad synonym, z. e., = V. glauca Pohl sensu stricto.

Brasilia, Goyaz, dry campos, terra de natividade ( Gardner II,
1840, 20. gor8), in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew.

At first we believed this plant to be a new species, because it has
simple conical acuminate scales on the ovary, while all specimens
seen in various herbariums and named V. glauca genuina have
furcate or fimbriate scales. After examining carefully the original
plate and description, one will be convinced that the plant with sim-
ple scales is the true V. glauca, the others being only varieties,
races, or allied species of it. Very likely the plant with furcate
scales has been considered as the typical variety on account of the
description of Seubert in Flora Brasil. /ec. cZt. He says ** capsulae
tuberculis apice vix truncatis sed excurrentibus in cuspides binas vel
unicam hamoso-recurvatam .. .;” but considering the plate of the
type, Pohl writes authoritatively : ‘‘ squamae opacae, conico-acutae.”
The scales of Gardner no. gorés are constantly simple, conical, acute
and even acuminate; therefore we believe that it is the true lV’.
gtauca of Pohl, and that Seubert confused the two varieties.

DIOSCOREACEAE

Dioscorea orthogoneura Uline, ined. (e sect. 7rzandra Hochr.)
sp. nov.

Caulis, teres, -é striatus et spiraliter tortus, fere glaber. Folia

lanceolatam determinantibus ; rvi extimi bipartiti, nervl secun-
darii + transversales; nervi omnes, praecipue statu a utrinque
prominentes; lamina apice attenuato-acuta, minute ucronata

margine integra. ie ee & simplices, spicifor ee tenues,
foliis multoties longiores, 1 vel 2 in foliorum axilla proeminente ;
rachis glaber, - angulatus, filiformis ; bracteae parvae, ovato-
subulatae, scariosae; flores parvi, fere sessiles, erent Perigonii
tubus cylindrico-infundibuliformis, bracteas superans, extus et
intus glaber; lobi 6, ovato-oblongi, juniores subacuti, seniores

plane rotundati reflexi. Staminae 3, perigonii tubi medio in-
serta; antherae oblongae, aliquantulum een filamentibus bre
viores. Ovariirudimentum parvum. In a? (Burchell no.

8623) capsula lutea, latior quam longa, ae aura ae
costis reniformibus prominentibus. Semina undique alata

( 268 )

Petioli 1.2-1.7 cm. longi; lamina 3 x 2.6-3.5 X 3-6X 4.5 cm.

1.9 cm. longa et lata; semina 2.5 X 3 mm. ae et longa. Semen
cum alis 5X 4.5 mm. longum et latum.

Brasilia ae between Meiaponte et Caisarea (Burchell 23
Oct. 1827, Cat. xo. 6706) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew
(Burchell, Cat. no. 8627 et 8787) in Herb. Kew.

This species finds its place in section A//actostemon Grisebach,
next to D. filiformis, fracta and _furcata (cf. Mart. Fl. Brasil. 3*:
44) from which it differs by its long inflorescence, much exceeding
the leaves, and by the solitary flowers. In the system of Uline (in

am., Nachtr.) it is easy to determine D. orthogoneura’s
place if we adit that Burchell’s no. 8623 is the female state of the
same species. (The leaves and inflorescences being identical, the
identification does not seem doubtful.) In that case, our plant
must belong to the Zudoscorea with a wide capsel, alternate leaves
and without stellate hairs. It means the sections 48, 49 or 50 Steno-
phyllidium to Lastogyne; but all of them have 6 stamens or stami-
nodes. The one has flowers in bundles and the other pedicellate
flowers. Therefore a new section must be admitted, for which we
propose the name 7rzandra, and this section should be character-
ized as follows:

Trranpra (subgen. &udizoscorea Pax) Capsula latior quam
longa; caules dextrogyra ; folia integra alternantia; planta glabra;
stamina 3, perigonii tubi medio inserta ; perigonii lobi subaequi-
longi; flores masculi solitarii, sessiles; ovarii rudimentum con-
spicuum.

DroscorEA SCHOMBURGKIANA Kunth; Schomb. Fauna
l. Brit. Guian. 899, nomen. 1848
Helmia Schomburgkiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: oe 1850.

Guyana Brit., Roraima (Schoméurgk an. 1842, 20. 850).

This is a very queer case of nomenclature. For Holmia Schom-
burgkiana Kunth there is a correct description by Kunth, but the
author does not mention at all that two years before he named the
plant Dioscorea Schomburgkiana. And, of course, when he created
the binomial name J. Schomburgkiana he did not yet know that
he would describe it as Helmca two years later. So it was only by
accident that I discovered the two names to be synonyms. But if

( 269)

Fleimia Schomburgkiana isa valid name, it is not the case with
Dioscorea Schomburgktana, in spite of the later description of
Kunth, because under Diroscorea Schomburgkiana there is no
reference to Helmia Schomburgkiana (Vienna rules, art. 37).
Therefore I ought to to be responsible for the new binomial Dzos-
corea Schomburgkiana.

But there is a rule which is above all others: ‘obscurity and
confusion must be avoided.” If that is admitted for a name (Vienna
rules, art. 51, 4°), it must be recognized also in the quotation of the
author. Hence we propose to maintain the author name, Kunth,
for Dioscorea Schomburgkiana because: ist, there is no doubt
that in the two instances Kunth had exactly the same species in view ;
2d, if a Dioscorea Schomburgkiana (Kunth) Hochr. would come
into use, it would lead to the false idea that this plant is different

from Dioscorea Schomburgkiana Kunth nomen. If one adopts
our point of view, the plant quoted above must be considered as
the type of the species.

IRIDACEAE
Solenomelus pedunculatus Hochr. comb. nov.

Sisyrinchium pedunculatum Gillies; Hook. Bot. Mag. p/. 2965.

1830
Solenomelus chilensis Miers, Proc. Linn. Soc. I: 122. 1841;

Proc. Linn. Soc. 19: 95, fl. 8 1842.

Crutkshanksia graminea Miers, Travels 2: 529, zomen nudum.

1826.

Valdivia (Bridges 1862, 20. 773).

There is no doubt that the oldest name is pedunculatus and,
adopting the new binomial, it is an advantage to possess a definite
specimen as a type, z. e., the one of Cruikshank, quoted by Hooker.
Miers based his species only on a drawing made by himself.

ORCHIDACEAE
Bulbophyllum sessile Hochr. comb. nov.

LE pidendrum sessile Koenig; Retz. Obs. 6: 60. 1779-91.

Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 77. 1841.
— Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 753. 1890.

Oxysepala ovalifolia Wight, Ic. 54: 18. #. 2776. 1851.

Bulbophylium trisetosum Grifhth, Notul. 3: 283. 1851.

(270 )

There is no doubt that the correct name of this plant is sessz/e,
as it is by far the oldest one.

Arundina graminifolia Hochr. comb. nov.
Bletia graminifolia Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 29. 1825.
Limodorum graminifolium Hamilton, Don, Joc. cét., syn. 1825.
Arundina bambusifolia Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 125. 1831;
Wall. Cat. zo. 3751, nomen; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5: 857.

go.
Cymbidium bambusifolium Roxb. Fl. Ind : 460. 1832.

It was decided in Vienna that publication in exsiccata has no
value (Rules, art. 37). The name of Don must therefore be taken
up. Besides, Wallich’s name is very likely posterior, but the dates
of the publications of Wallich are quite uncertain, as is well
known

Eulophia Dabia Hochr. comb. nov.
Bletia Dabia Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 30. 1825.
Limodorum Dabia Hamilton; Don, loc. cét., syn. 1825.
Lulophia campestris Wall.; Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 185.

1833.— Wall. Cat. #0. 7767, nomen. — Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

6: 4
Limodorum ramentaceum Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 467. 1832; Hort.

Beng. 64, nomen.
fulophia rupestris et ramentacea Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 185.

1833; id Wall. Cat. os. 7368 et 73770, nomina.

Lulophia hemileuca Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 3: 25. 1859.

Acampe ochracea Hochr. comb. nov.
Saccolabium ochraceum Lindl. in Bot. Reg. Misc. 1842: 2. 1842;

Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 62.

Acampe dentata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Acamp. 3. 1853; Reich. f

Gard. Chron. 1752 (1872
Saccolabrum lineolatum Thwaites, Enum. 304.

Acampe Wightiana var. longepedunculata Thw see loc. Cite,

303. 1861.

It is impossible to join Acampfe and Saccolas‘um because there
would be then no reason to maintain several other genera as dis-
tinct. Amalgamating all of them with Saccoladium would make
this genus quite impracticable. But if we maintain Acampe, the
oldest name ochraceum of Lindley must be used.

(271)
MorAcEAE
Cudrania spinosa Hochr. comb. nov.

Lrophis spinosa Blume, Bijdr. 489. 1825.
Cudrania acaigate Treub, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 8: 123. 1847.

— Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 538.
ried eee Thwaites, Enum. 262. 1861.
Cudranus amboinensis Miq. F]. Ind. Bat. 27: 290. 1859.
Maclura ambotnensts Blume, Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2: 83. 1849-56.
Cudranus spinosus O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 623. 1891.

Australia (coll. R. Brown anno 1802-5) in Herb. N. Y. Bot.

ard.

Cudranus is a genus of Rumph, and is therefore excluded from
the accepted nomenclature; but the specific name spzzosais prior
and must be taken up.

LorRANTHACEAE

LoRANTHUS AMPULLACEUS Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 189. 1824.
— DC. Prod. 4: 296
Loranthus sphaerocarpus Blume, Bijdr.661. 1825; Fl. Fav. Lor-

anth. ¢. 77. — DC. loc. ctt. 2
Macrosolen sphaerocarpus Miq. FL Ind. Bat. 17: 830. 1855-59.
Loranthus globosus Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 220, pro parte.

{ L. ampullaceus and L. globosus are to be kept as distinct
species, ZL. sphaerocarpus must be united with ampullaceus and
not with globosus as does Hooker. We have seen types of Blume,
of Roxburgh, and plants named by Hooker himself; the type of
L. sphaerocarpus Blume agrees with the plants named ZL. ampul-
laceus by Hooker and Roxburgh and not with the specimens labeled

. globosus.
OLACACEAE

Heisteria Burchellii Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect.
evocarpae Engl.)

ignosa ; rami elongati, glaberrimi, cylindrici; ramulis suban-
gulatis, intern elongata. olia glaberrima, simplicia, sub-
coriacea, late ovato-lanceolata, apice longe attenuato-acuminata,
margine elegantissime crispato-undulat basi acuta, petiolo
breve ] breviter pedunculati, in foliorum axillis glomerati

8
Pedunculi fructiferi petiolis fere aequilongi, calyx auctus reflexus
ore integer, ca. fructus longitudinis 24 attingens. Fructus drupa-
ceus, oblongu us.

(272)

Petiolus 0.7-1 cm. pide lamina in triente inferiore aes
18.5 X §.5-12.5 X 3.5 cm. longa et lata, acumine a . met-
iente. peer oe ca. 1cm. longus; calyx accrescens ca.
0.7-0.8 cm. longus. Fructus 1-1.2 cm. longus et o.6-0.8 cm.

Brasilia, Para (Burchell no. 10099, 1 Febr. 1830), in Herb. N.
Y. Bot. Gard. et Kew

This species has its place between H. xzt/da and cyanocarpa,
on account of the relative size of the fruit and reflexed calyx. In
habit it resembles HW. xz7t¢da but, besides other characters, differs
at first sight in having broader leaves and strongly undulate margins.
It may be compared, also, with A. ARhaptostylum Tr. et Pl. How-
ever we have seen a young fruit of this species, the calyx of which
was deeply lobed, so that it verv likely belongs to a quite different
group. Besides that, 4. Ahaptostylum comes from Villavicensio
and isa llanos or mountain plant, while our species is a tree of
the low plains of the Amazon.

Notwithstanding the fact that I did not see good flowers, the
location of our plant in the genus Afeds¢erza must be correct, as it
is the only one in the family showing an accrescent calyx of this
form and reflexed, together with flowers standing each on its own
stalk.

LAaURACEAE

LirsAEA UNDULATA Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 1

Cm
wn

Pondicherry (Perrottet no. 450).

It is perhaps worth while, because it was considered as a Ceylon
plant, to point out that this species occurs on the mainland.
ligustriza Nees was the parallel species quoted for India, and as
both are very closely allied they may be varieties of the same species.
However, the difference indicated by Hooker is in the pubescence
of the bracts, which are glabrous in £. zgustréva and pubescent
in Z. avdudata. On this Pondicherry specimen they are distinctly
pubescent.

CapPARIDACEAE

Polanisia augustinensis Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect.
Elupolanista Pax)

Herba + prostrata; caules ascendentes, ut planta tota, strigoso-
pilosi. Folia trifoliolata, interdum caulium apice folia florifera
simplicia; inferiora longe petiolata et variantia usque ad suprema
fere sessilia; foliola obovata, apice rotundata, basi attenuato-

(273 )

cuneata, margine integra, penninervia ; nervi supra eae Te
valde prominentes. Inflorescentia laxe racemosa, alique
foliosa; flores adulti distincte pedicellati sed alabastra fere ee ;

ophoru
brevissimum; stamina 10, inaequalia, minime 5 ee fila-
menta filiformia. Fructus: siliqua anguste linearis, strigosa,
pels pedunculata et, gynophoro vix visibile, quasi pedunculi
apice a

Clee "floriferi 15-20 cm. alti; petioliin foltis basilaribus ca.
2 cm. longi, in foliis caulinaribus 0,2-0.3 cm. longi et etiam

breviores; foliola 1.7 X 0.7-1 X 0.45-0. 0.3 cm. longa et lata.
Pedunculi floriferi ca. 0.4-0.6 cm. longi, fructiferi 0.6-0.7 cm
longi; sep a.0.2 cm. longa; peta onga et versus

apicem 0.15-0.2 cm. lata. Siliquae maturae, quas vidi, ca. 3 cm.
longae et 0.15 cm. latae; gynophorum fructiferum vix 0.05 cm.
longum.

San Augustin bay, Madagascar (Herb. U. S. Expl. Exp.,
Capt. Wilkes, note B, 4: 200) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

This species will be best referred to the group P. arabica,
tenella, etc., but resembles very much in habit P. strigosa Bojer.
It differs, however, Ist,in having a fruit which is almost sessile on
the peduncle, and 2d, in the shape of the leaves.

RosAcEAE

Licania axilliflora Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect.
Fulicania Hook.)
Lignosa; caules cylindrici, nigrescentes, apice tomentosi. Sti-
pulae subulatae, petiolo aequilongae; petioli breves, tomentosi ;
lamin na oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuminata, acumine plerumque

pilosus; calyx 5-lobus; petala nulla; stamina ca. 6, calyce vix
aequilonga; antherae oblongae. Ovarium globosum, villosum;
stylus ea liane pilosus.

Petiolus ca. o. ae lamina 7.5 X 2.6-4 x 1.3 cm. longa
et lata; cupula cum es x 0.2 cm. longa.

Roraima, Guyana Brit. ve (Schomburgk no. 868) in Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. et Kew, (Sagot mo. 7282) in Herb. Kew

This species differs from all others in having inflorescences form-
ing glomerules in the axils of the leaves.

(274)
THEACEAE

Archytaea alternifolia Hochr. comb. nov.
Hypericum alternifolium Vahl, Symb. 2: 4. ¢2. 1791. — DC.
Prod. I: 545.

45
Ploiarium elegans Korth. in Tamminek Verh. Nat. Geschied.

Bot. 135. 1839-42; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 1: 491.

Archytaea Vahlit Choisy, Mem. Ternstr. 73. 1855. Hook. f.

FI. Brit. Ind. 1: 294.

Borneo (U.S. S. Pacif. Exp. Exp., Capt. Wilkes, note B, 5: 24
a. 25).

LEGUMINOSAE
Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Hochr. comb. nov.
Acacta pulcherrima Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1061. 1806, fide O.
Kunze Rev. I, XV.
Mimosa pulcherrima Poiret, Encycl. Supp. 1: 66. rSro.
S. floribundum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 343. 1842;

Benth. in Mart. Fl. Brasil. 157: 286.

Guyana, Roraima (Schomburgk no. 799), in Herb. N. Y. Bot.

ard

Bentiani himself (Mart. Fl. Brasil, Joc. cé#.) says that S. florc-
bundum = A. pulcherrima Willd. and that it is very closely allied
to Piptadenia (or Stryphnodendron) guyanensis; but the two
species are kept separate and Bentham makes a note in which he
quotes Schomburgk no. 799 as S. floribundum.

The originals of S. guyanense in Herb. Paris have the leaflets
very variable in size, but none of them has such small ones as our
plant. Therefore Bentham was entitled to keep the two species
separate; butif S. floribundum (= A. pulcherrima) is a distinct
species, it must bear the prior name S. pulcherrimum.

DIMORPHANDRA BIRETUSA Tul. Arch. Mus. Paris 4: 184
Brasilia trop. (Blanchet no. 3092) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
If we compare Blanchet no. 3092, which is the type of D.

btretusa Tul., and Gardner no. 1944, which is the type of D.
Gardnerana Tul., we find them specifically different. D. Gard-
nerana has smaller and thicker leaflets, with recurved margins,
and shorter petiolules than in our species; they are always less
than 1 mm. long. Besides, the anatomy of the leaflet is different,
the epiderm of D. Gardnerana being characteristically sclerose.
The inflorescence axes of D. Gardnerana also seem a little thicker.

(275)

Therefore we believe that the synonymy established by Bentham
is not well founded and the two species of Tulasne must be
maintained. (Cf. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15%: 252.)

Cynometra Schottiana Hochr. sp. nov.

Caules lignosi ce cylindri ici, glabrescentes, lenticellati. Fo lia

penni- et reti-nervis, nervaturis supra subtusque peeariee ibus. In-
florescentiae axillares, racemosae, ut in genere bracteatae ; Giese
ovatae vel oblongae, crebre e parallelinerves, extus, praecipue apice,

rugineo-hirsutus, intus glaber. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, urceoli
basi insertum, ab apice usque ad basin dense ferrugineo-hirtellum.
Stylus glaber, apice indistincte capitellatus, diu eens paulo
arcuatus. Fructus novissimos tantum vidi, oblon

etioli 0.7-1 cm. oe et ca. 0.2 cm. in cae iene lamina
foliolorum 12.5 X -Ir X 4.6-8 X 2.9 cm. longa et lata;
acumine plerumque 1-1.5 cm. longo. oe tre + 3
X 3.cm. longae et latae; bracteae 0.2-0.5 cm. longae Dee
floriferi 0.6-1. 2 cm. longi, fructiferi juniores ad 1.5 cm lon
etal

Fructus immaturi, quos vidi, ad 6 xX 4.5 mm. longi et lati.

Nova Grenada, Trementino, Atrato and Truando-river (Schott
ATL, 857; and id. NTL, I, 11, 185, 7/8, Leguminosae no. 7) in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

This Cyxometra differs from nearly all other species by its very
large and acuminate leaves. It resembles C. ¢réndtensis Oliv., but
differs in having a glabrous calyx, longer peduncles and thinner
leaves. Our species must be placed close to C. Hostmanniana,
the latter differing however by its glabrous peduncles and smaller
flowers; the petals are only about 4 mm. long.

LEBECKIA SARCOPHYLLOIDES Mey. Linnaea7: 155. 1832
L. Simstana Ekl. & Zey. Enum. 192. 1834-37, 20. 23738. — Harv.
ond. Fl. Cap. 2: 86.
Sarcophyllum carnosum Sims, Bot. Mag. ¢. 2502, non Thunb.

(276 )

Var typica Hochr. var. nov. (Lebeckta sarcophylloides
sensu str.)

Folia minora 3.5-6.2 cm. longa et 0.5 mm, lata, fasciculata, in-
ternodia ee caules angulati; flores in caulium apice numerosi
et sufful

Afr. ae (ERL et Zey. no. 1338).

Var. major Hochr. var. nov.

A typo differt foliis longioribus, 4-7 cm. longis et fere
latis, quam in var. ¢ypica crassiori ibus, fasciculatis, internodiis
longioribus, caulibus Se floribus in caulium apice pauciori-
bus et magis distantibu

Africa australis ae Fuller Aug. 1888), in Herb. N
Bot. Gard.; id. ( Wolley Dod, no. 3466) in Herb. Kew.

Except Ded xo. 3g66 all specimens of the Kew herbarium be-
long to the variety ¢1fzca, but some of them are intermediate forms,
for instance Burchell no. 720¢. The name carnosum is older but
it was given by Curtiss to a plant which is not S. carnosum
Thunberg; therefore later on an author was not bound to take up
this name again in the new genus, because it was not valid. In
consequence the binomial Ledeckia sarcophyllotdes is correct.

MALPIGHIACEAE
Hiraea platytriphylla Hochr. sp. nov.

Caules tomentosi, sordide ferruginei, novissimi subtrigoni. Folia
ternata; petiolus supra applanatus vel canaliculatus, ut caules
tomentosus, in longitudinis medio, vel supra, stipulifer ; stipulae
parvae; subulatae, tomentosae; lamina late elli ipt ica, pilosa, tactu
velutina, subtus tomentosa et + canescens, apice rotundata et
abrupte acuminata vel etiam mucronata, basi anguste cordata, quasi
auriculas duas efformans; lamina penninervis, utrinque 10-11 nervos
laterales praebens. Inflorescentiae axillares; umbellae plerumque

3-florae in glomerulos vel ig oe aoe umbellae bracteis
dentiformibus 4-6 involucratae. s longe pedicellati, pedicelli
adpresse ferrugineo- sericei. alyx partitus, extus ut pedic elli

adpresse ferrugineo-sericeus, ae glaber; sepala ovata, apice sub-
rotundata, nec glandulosa. Petala longe Se eee amina sub-
circularis, fere integra, oe Stamin 10, basi dilatato-con-
crescentia, glabr ra. Carpidia in ist inc ee ae 3, glabra,
in stylum, apice iGo a ee Stand bonoune terminatum, attenu-
ata. Samara dorso cristata (crista parva laciniata) e utringue
alata; alis duabus, magnis, semicircularibus, adpresse et parce seri-
ceis, a subsinuatis.

Petioli o.7-1.8 cm. longi; lamina 9.5 x 4.5-11.3 x 5.6-18 x 9

(277)

cm. longa et lata; mucroo.1-0.2 cm. longum; stipulae ca. 0.4 cm.

Nova Grenada, Magdalena (folton, Sept. 1852, 2o. 802), in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew.

I first identified this plant with Aiiraea terntfolia A. Juss.,
founded upon Alalpighia ternifolia H.B.K., but after examining
the original in Herb. Bonpland in Paris I found that it differs very
much from our plant. It has narrower leaves which are never
cordate at the base, and smaller flowers with thinner peduncles. Be-
sides, the plant of Jussieu has calyx glands which are very obvious,
while they are not to be seen on our specimen. Certainly our plant
resembles much more Aalfighia cbovata from Rio Magdalena
than the one previously named; but AZ odovata differs by having
obovate leaves which are nearly glabrous underneath, and by its
peduncles which are woolly and whitish instead of ferrugineous.
This plant is regarded, therefore, as a new species.

The name is derived from the fact that the leaves are ternate as
in JIL. ¢ernifolta (triphylla) but much wider (platy).

Heteropteris multiflora Hochr. comb. nov.
Jfalpighta reticulata Poir. Encycl. Supp. 4: 8. 1816.
Byrsonima reticulata DC. Prod. 1: 581. 1824.

Heteropteris reticulata Niedenzu, Mon. in Arb. Bot. Inst.
yceum Hosianum 54, Braunsberg (Juin 1903) non Griseb.
Bantsteria multiflora DC. Prod. 1 589. 1524.
fleteropterts platyptera Griseb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12: 67 pro
parte, non DC.
Surinam, Guyana (Schwenitz), in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
Like Niedenzu, I do not believe that the West Indian plant
called Bandsteria longifolia by Swartz (Prod. 1: 589. 1800)
and Bantsteria macrocarpa by Persoon (Enchir. 1: 507. 1805)
is identical with our plant. All West Indian specimens bear the
indication ‘‘ vine,” ‘*scandens” or ‘*scandent shrub,” while the
ones from Guyana are said to be trees. Comparing both roughly,
I find also that the flowers of the West Indian plants are somewhat
smaller than those from South America. Therefore we agree with

(278 )

the arrangement of Niedenzu, but we cannot accept his nomen-
clature. He calls our plant (from Guyana) A. reticulata Niedenzu,
because retzculata is the oldest specific name. But there is
already a H. reticulata Grisebach, in Mart. Fl. Brasil. 4a': 71,
which is quite a different species; however, Niedenzu apparently
disregards this and without any reason simply changes the name
FA. reticulata Griseb. to H. Grisedachiana Niedenzu. There is
no need to remark that such a method is contrary to the accepted
rules of nomenclature. A. re¢¢culata Griseb. must keep its name,
and the next available name must be used for our species. This is
Banisteria multiflora DC., which must be transferred into the
genus Aleteropterzs.
The second species from the West Indies is called by Niedenzu
fleteropterts longifolia Niedenzu, on account of Banisterza longz-
folia Sw. (Prod. 1: 589. 1800). But there is also an older
longifolia H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Amer. 5: 166. 1821. However,
the case is somewhat different here, because Niedenzu considers
. ongifolia H.B.K. as a synonym of 4. laurzfolia (L.) Juss. ;
therefore, following the Vienna rules, he has the right to take up
again the name longifolia for a different species. But we find the
method very bad, the more so, because Niedenzu admits that 77.
longifolia H.B.K. is not quite identical with 4. /aurdfol/a Juss.,
and he makes a subvariety of it. Now one may judge of the mixture
of names if another monographer wants to restore A. /oxgtfolza
H.B.K. as a distinct species.

EuPHORBIACEAE
Actinostemon Schomburgkii Hochr. comb. nov.
Dactylostemon Schomburgkii Klotzsch, in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 2: 45. 1843; in Wiegm. Arch. 7: 181. 1841, nomen;
Mull.-Arg. in DC. Prod. 15’:
eee Brit., Roraima (Schoméurg oe 1842-3, 20. 939), in Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Ga oe

EuPHORBIA XALAPENSIS H.B.R. Nov. Gen. 2: 61;
Boiss. in DC. Prod. 15°: 53. Var. valida
Hochr. var. nov.
A typo differt habitu non tam elongato (in typo caules magis
elongati et minus crassi) caulibus et inflorescentia vilosioribus, in-
florescentiae ramis brevioribus (in typo rami foliis axillaribus fere

(279)

aequilongi), denique foliorum nervis secundariis numerosioribus,
6-8 (in typo utrinque ca
Guatemala, in locis (aoe, Cumbre de Atitlan (Gust. Ber-
nouclle Jun. 1870, no. 643).
ompared with the type of Bonpland, in Herb. Paris, I find it so
different that I cannot but separate the two plants, at least as two
different varieties.

MYRTACEAE

Syzygium Schlechterianum Hochr. sp. nov.

Lignosus; caules glabri, cylindrici, juniores + angulati. Folia
opposita, sessilia, obovato-lanceolata, parva, glaberrima, basin

versus longe attenuata, apice contracto-obtusa, margi
revoluta, supra nitentia, nervo medio impresso, subtus pallidiora,
nerv us prominentibus. Inflorescentiae terminales, vel z

foliorum non excedentes; inflorescentiae axes glabri + angulati.
Alabastra clavata in pedicellos breves attenuata. Calyx glaberrimus

fere non lobatus. Petala libera, parva, caducissima.

Folia 2.2 x 0.6-2.3 x 0.8-2.7 x 1 cm. ae et lata; internodia
0.5-3 cm. longa. Inflorescentiae 1.5-2. . longae, pedicelli
vix 0.1 cm. longi; flores vix 0.2 cm. in ces lati

Puebo, Nova Caledonia (Deplanche no. 356), in Herb. N. Y.
Bot. Gard., Kew, and Paris.

It closely resembles S. patezs Pancher, but is quite distinct
from it, S. patems having larger flowers, thicker pedicels and in-
florescence axes, its obovate leaves being rounded and emarginate
at the top. Our species must be placed inthe group of Hugenza —
eventually Syzygium Zeylanicum DC.

edicated to Dr. Schlechter, who first pointed out that it might
be a new species.

Psipium SALUTARE Berg, Linnaea 27: 356. 1854

Bergin Mart, Fl. Brasil. made a mistake in quoting Schomburgk
zo. ogr under Psidium parviflorum Benth. Journ. Bot. 2: 31
because this number in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., as well as in
Herb. Kew, is without any doubt Psidium salutare.

The type of Pstdium parviflorum which may be seen in Herb.
Kew differs even at first sight by its smaller and nitescent leaves.

( 280 )

Eugenia kanalaensis Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect.
Hueugenta § glomeratae)

Caules lignosi, etiam juniores cylindrici, glabri. Folia crassa,
gl: abra, opposita, late lanceolata, margine integra, sed interdum

ae lc
eo paralleli fere usque ad Saud spice percurrentes. In-

s
duplo longiora. Stamina o; filamenta longissima, calyce triplo
longiora et plus; antherae oblongae glandula peculiari apice nota-
tae. Stylus simplex cylindricus, apice truncatus. Ovarium, 3-locu-
lare, loculis pluriovulatis in hypanthii parte medio locatis, 1. e. hy-
panthium se aia ovarium non productum

Petioli 6-8 cm. longi; lamina 3.6 x 1.8-4.8 X 1.9-4.4 x 2.2
cm. longa et mee acumine +1 cm. longo. Inflorescentiarum pe-

0.15 cm. in diam. crassum. Sepala ca. 1.5 mm. longa et 1-1.5
mm. basi lata; calycis cupula ca. 2.5 mm. in diam. lata. Petala
cum unguiculo + 3.5 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata. Stamina 3-6
mm. | Stylus 5-6 mm. ‘longus.

Nova Caledonia, montagnes du lac 4 Kanala 1861-67 ( Féed?-
lard no. 2627), in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew.

On account of its ovary and ovules, we connot relate this plant
to any other genus than Hugenza. However, the 3 cells of the

ovary is not very usual in that genus and in order to give an idea
of the habit we must rather compare our plant to .Veltér’s panicu-
Zata and vztéensts, from which it differs even on the exterior by the
glabrescence and the form of the inflorescence.

Our plant resembles also &. Afoontana Wight, Ill. IT, 13, especi-
ally concerning the form and size of the leaves. But if we consider
the figure given by Wight in his Icones, II, 551, we see that Au-
genia Afooniana differs from ours also by its larger flowers which
are much longer pedunculate and always solitary at the end of one
peduncle.

(281)

MFELASTOMATACEA

Blakea Holtonii Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect. Hudlakea Triana)

Rami tetragoni, apice furfurac Folia oblongo-elliptica, basi
in petiolum attenuata; petioli te stellato- -furfuracei, demum
glabrati, supra canaliculati; coriacea, margine integra,

oxalati ursinos numerosissimos prominentes minutissime atque ele-
ganter verr uculosus, subtus viridi-brunneus, glabrescens, sed secun-
dum nervos primarios stellato-furfuraceus. ores magni, solitarii,

6-lobatus, lobis brevibus, rotundatis, circa ium connatis;
hypanthium turbinatum. Stamina 12, aequalia; filamenta cras-
siuscula, glabra; antherae crassae, compresso-pyriformes, basi

gia
interaliter cohaerentes, apice attenuatae, liberae, et ibidem postice
calcar brevissimum gerentes. Discus latus, in stylum basi conicum,
apice eae attenuatus.

Petioli 1.5-2.3 cm. longi; lamina 8.3 x +o 3 x 6.2 cm. longa
et lata, ens . ay cm. longo et as oO. . lato. Peduncu-
lus, quum vidi, 1.5 cm. longus. Bracteae Rene 1.8 cm. longae

et 1.5 cm. in Tiber! partis basi latae, bracteae interiores ca. aequi-

2.3.cm.indiam. latus. Filamenta 0.8-1 cm. longa; antherae siccae
0.55 cm. longae, 0.35 cm. latae et basi ad 0.25 cm. crassae. Dis-
cus ca. 1.25 cm. in diam. latus.

Nova Grenada, ad cataractam Tequedamam (Flora Neograna-
dina-Bogotana, Molton, 8 Déc. 1852), in Herb. N. Y. Bot Gard.

On account of its leaves being petiolate, and its connate bracts,
which do not hide the calyx, this species must be placed next to B.
rostrata or caudata, if we follow Cogniaux’s monography in DC.
Mon. 7: 1077. But the leaves of those species are quite different
and their flowers are long pedunculate.

On account of the habit, our species is very much like 2.
grandifiora Hemsley. The leaves are almost identical, but the
flower is much smaller, the bracts and sepals acuminate and the

innumerable crystals of oxalate under their upper epiderm. This
last character may be seen equally well on the leaves of B. frzxervia
which differs, however, from ours by having the bracts free, and long
peduncles, measuring 5-6 cm. and exceeding very much the length
of the petioles.

( 282 )

Topobea discolor Hochr. sp. nov.

Rami cylindrici, in nodis incrassati, parte ae ut petioli

bus,

transversalibus horizontalibus, creberrimis. Flores axillares, prob.

solitarii, breviter pedunculati ; bracteae liberae, latissime ovatae, intus

et extus sparce pu erulae, exteriores acuminatae, hee acutae,
Ca

omnes calyce minores. Calyx turbinatus, 6-lobat obis parvis
triangularibus, intus extusque puberulis; tubus se puberulus,
intus glaberrimus la 6, in alabastro valde convoluta, prob

obovata (non vidi plane evoluta), tubo peru ca. medio inserta.
Stamina linearia. Ovarium liberum, sed inferne cum calyce ad-
haerens, ovoideum, heed depresso cum areola intrusa. Stylus
cylindricus, hid truncatu

Petioli 1-2.3 ¢ oe ‘inning cum acumine 6.4 X 2-8 X 3.5-
Il. X 4.3-13 X 4.7 cm. longa et lata, acumine tantum ca. I.5 X 0.2
cm. longo et lato. Penne. 0.3-0.7 cm. longi; bracteae 0.6-0.8
cm. longae, exteriores ad o.9 cm. longae. Calyx 1.1-1.3 cm.
longus; lobis 0.1-0.15 cm. longis; calyx apertus ore 0.8—-1 cm. in
diam. latus. Petala in alabastro 0.2-0.4 cm. calycem excedentia.
Antherae juniores 0.5 cm. longae et vix 0.1 cm. latae. Stylus ca.
0.8 cm. longus

Nova Grenada, Truando (Schott XII, 1857, AZelastomaceae
nO. 2).

This species may readily be recognized by its discolored leaves.
Its systematical place is next to 7. sudscabrula and sefosa on ac-
count of the free bracts and the puberulous stems and petioles.
It differs however from both by the much narrower leaves, and the
flowers larger than in 7. sudscadruda and smaller than in 7. sefosa.

LoGaNIACEAE
Cynocronum MirTreEota Britton, Mem. Torrey
b 5: 258.
Ophiorrhiza Mitreola L. Sp. Pl. 150. 1753; Sw.; Lam.
Aiitreola paniculata DC. Prod. 9: 9. 1845; Wall. Cat. no.
i i 628.

Cynoctonum petiolatum Gmel. Syst. 443. 1791.
Mitreola petiolata Torr. et Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2: 45. 1846,
Mitreola oldenlandioides DC. Prod. g: 9. 1845; Wall. Cat. no.

4350, in exsicc.

( 283 )

Ophiorrhiza lanceolata. Ell. Sk. 1: 238.

ao ophiorrhtzotdes A. Rich. Mem. a Hit Nat. Paris
: 63, 4.3. 1823. pro parte.

ee SwartzizZ G. Don Gen. Syst. 4: ae 1831-37.

Anonymos petiolata Walt. Car. 108. 1788.

(Afitreola inconspicua Zoll. et Mor. Verz. Pl. Jav. 55, fide Ben-

tham in Journ. Lin. Soc. I: 91.)

Serra de Jacobs, Prov. Bahia, Brasilia (Blanchet no. 2548), in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Specimen sine fruct. quoad variet.
indeterminandum.

There are two extreme forms of that plant. The one is called
AL. paniculata Wall. ex DC. Prod. (=Jf. petzolata Torr. and
Gray) with capsule lobes curved towards each other, so that the
whole fruit looks nearly spherical. The other is called AZ. olden-
landioides Wall. ex DC. loc. czt., with spreading capsule lobes.
That is why de Candolle separates those two plants.

But there are all links between, and in regard to many specimens
it is impossible to determine to which species they may best be
referred. That is particularly the case in connection with the
specimen of the Linnaean herbarium which has capsule lobes exactly
intermediate between the types of paxiculata and oldenlandioides
Wall.ex DC. Therefore I have thought it best to unite the whole
lot into one species, divided into two or better in three varieties,
the first with curved lobes, the second with straight lobes, and the
third with lobes of an intermediate form

In regard to the names of the varieties, a strict adherence to rules
would require that the oldest name for each should be sought and
applied, but this is not practical on account of the present confu-
sion in this connection. In order to give an idea of it, we shall
endeavor to show what happened to Progel, the author of LoGani-
ACEAE in Mart. Fl. Brasil, 6': 266

1. Under the name and synonymy of 1/. Zetitolata Torr. and
Gr. he describes and figures (2. 82, f. 7) wrongly the plant with
Spreading capsule-lobes and, as an instance of that, he quotes
Gardner no. 3897, which has curved lobes!

2. Under the name of J. paniculata Wall., which he wrongly
considers as distinct from petzolata Wall., he correctly describes and
figures (¢. 77) the species with curved lobes; but he quotes, as
a synonym iV. oldenlandiotdes which has straight capsule-lobes.

In regard to the older authors like Walther, Don, and Richard, it

( 284 )

is impossible to make out exactly which form they had inview. In
order to find anything definite about the two forms of the capsule
we must take de Candolle’s names based on Wallich’s plants. But
one can imagine how such names would only increase the con-
fusion. Therefore we propose the following systematic arrange-
ment.
Var. campylocarpa Hochr. nom. nov.
Fructus lobi valde incurvati.
AL. paniculata Wall. ex DC. loc. ett. ; Hook, Ic. ¢. 828; Progel

M. petiolata Torr. et Gr. loc. c¢t.; Benth. in Journ. Lin. Soc.
re
Cnr petiolatum Gmel. loc. cit.
Brasil. Prov. Goyaz (Gardner no. 3897) in iieeb. . Y. Bot.
ard.
Var. orthocarpa Hochr. nom. nov.
Fructus lobi valde divergentes.
AL. oldenlandioides Wall. ex DC. loc. czt.; Benth. loc. crt.
AL. petiolata Progel in Mart. doc. czt., non Tort: et Gr.
(AL. taconspicua Zoll. et Mor. Verz. Pl. Jav. 55, fide Benth.)

Var. intermedia Hochr. nom. nov.

Fructus lobi partim incurvati, i. e. forma intermedia.
Ophiorrhiza Jfitreola L. sensu stricto, quoad specimen Linneanum.

Except for the forms of the capsule, I could not find any other
constant character separating the varieties of Jtreola.

In regard to distribution, the var. campylocarpa is more fre-
quent in Brazil, but both of the extreme forms may be met with in
India as well as in America.

OLEACEAE
Osmanthus vaccinioides Hochr. comb. nov.
Notelaea vaccintotdes Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. 39: 230. 1906.

Cap oo Noy. Caledon. (Deplanche herb. no. 323), in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew.

After examining the figure given by Schlechter I do not hesitate
to identify our specimen with it, but I must object that the plant
has a quite gamopetalous corolla, the lobes of which are distinctly
imbricate. That is why I feel bound to refer this species to the

(285 )

genus Osmzanthus. Schlechter’s figure also shows that the petals
are imbricate in the bud.

MENTHACEAE

PROSTANTHERA MARIFOLIA R. Br. Prod. 509; Benth.
1. Austr. 5: 98

Bentham says in the analytical key of the genus, for the group to
which this species belongs: ‘‘leaves not rugose.” I wish to call
attention to it, because it is an obvious error which may lead to false
naming. All specimens of this species in the Kew herbarium, and
especially the type, are very rugose. They were all named by
Bentham so that there is surely an error in the wording of the
description, which is probably a misprint.

SOLANACEAE

Bassovia SOLANACEA Benth. et Hook. ex Daydon Jackson
Ind. Kew. 1: 278. 1893
Witheringia solanacea L’Her. Sert. Angl. 1: 33.
Capsicum solanaceum O. Kunze Rev. I: 450.

Var. glabrescens Hochr. comb. nov.
Capsicum solanaceum var. glabrescens O. Kunze, loc. cit.
ov. Grenada, oble, Guindio, alt. zooo m. (7riéana no.
2282), in Her r.

Bentham and Hooker in their Gen. Pl. 2: 891, did not build the
binomial name attributed to them by the Index Kewensis. Now I
do not think it practical to enlarge the genus Cafszcum to such an
extent, and to combine with it so many other genera as Kuntze
does. That is why I transfer the variety of Kuntze into the genus
Bassovia.

Cyphomandra Holtonii Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect.
Fiuthystemon Miers, Ill. Pl. S. Amer. 1: 41)

Caulis suffrutescens, cylindricus, reget sed sub lente vali-
dissima minute glandul oso-papillosus. Folia petiolata, glabres-
centia sed ubique ut caules minutissime glanduloso-papillosa ;
petioli subcylindrici, quam lamina reviores: lamina late ovata,

terminales racemosae, + scorpioideae, pedunculatae, simplices vel

( 286 )

+ ramosae, interdum 20-florae. Flores oo dispositi,
longe pedicellati, pedicelli flexuosi; alabastra ovato-lanceolata,
acuminata. Calyx cupuliformis, late pais ut planta tota gla-

subtruncatis et medio mucronatis. Corolla 5- partita, lobi anguste
lineari-lanceolati, glabrescentes sed margine et apice intus minute
pubescentes, calyce multoties longiores; tubus corollinus calyce
circa aequilongus. Stamina petalis duplo breviora; filamenta
brevia, basi latiora et cum corollae coalescentia; antherae subulatae
luteae, apice poricidae; connectivum, in antherae dorso situm, basi
latum usque ad ae eeeere apicem attenuatum, brunneum et dense
papillosum. Ovarium oblongum, apice in stylum ovario conspicue

longiorem et petalis breviorem, apice clavato-capitellatum,
m

Petioli 3-1.5 cm. longi; lamina cum lobis basilaribus 9 & 5-7
X 4.8-5.8 X 4.1 et interdum 3.7 X 2.5 cm. longa et lata. In-
florescentiarum pedunculi Coe vidi) 3-4 cm. longi; rachis vel

Nova Grenada, Barcinal (deg. Holton, 24. Nov. 1853, 20. 555)
in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew

This species belongs very likely to the group Euthystemon, but
it is rather difficult to state its affinities, owing to the form of the
calyx. There are two groups of Cvphomandra very well character-
ized: the one with a large, conical, expanded and, at the margin,
nearly truncated calyx, and the other with small but distinctly and
deeply lobed calyx.

The calyx of our plant has the form of the large calyculate spe-
cies with its § mucrons but it is more than five times shorter than the
petals, so that it is undoubtedly a small calyculate Cyvphomandra.
However, in that group it must be placed near C. oxyphylla, caps:-
cotdes, laxiflora and divaricata, if we follow the arrangement of
Dunal in DC, Prod. 13’: 397. They all differ by their pubescence
and deeply cleft calyx.

In habit our species resembles C. corymébitflora, which differs
chiefly by its more divided inflorescences with shorter and more
divaricate branches. It differs also in being more hairy. exdler
no. 2099 from Venezuela, in the Kew Herbarium, may be the same
species. It is at least very similar.

( 287 )
ScROPHULARIACEAE
EuPHRASIA ANDICOLA Benth. in DC. Prod. to: 554
Lamourouxta andicola Gillies ex Benth. Joc. czt.

In spite of what Bentham says in his description, &. and¢cola
has somewhat pubescent stems, as may be seen on Gillies’ type.

BIGNONIACEAE
PITHECOCTENIUM CINEREUM DC. Prod. 9: 195. 1845
Var. parviflorum Hochr. var. nov.

A typo differt foliis minoribus, 3.1 x 1.81.9 cm. longis et latis,
glabrescentibus (in typo folia 3.2 X 2-3.5 x 2.2 cm. longa et lata,
dense tomentosa), corolla minore 4 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, ore
expanso (in typo corolla ad 6 cm. longa et 4.5 cm. lata).

ear Mexico, by Rocha, collectore incognito. In Herb. N. Y.
Bot. Gard.

ACANTHACEAE

ARRHOSTOXYLUM FULGIDUM Nees ab Es. in Mart. Fl.
Brasil. 9: 59
Rueltia fulgida Adr. Rep. Nov., Spreng. Syst. 2: 824
Var. angustissimum Hochr. var. nov.

A typo differt foliis angustioribus, brevius petiolatis; petioli
0.5-1 cm. longi, lamina 7.5 X 1. pare 2.5 cm. longa et lata (in
typo folia ovata xX 12-11 X 4.2 x 6.5 cm. longa et lata,
petioli 2-S cm. ee Pedunculi gece plerumque flores minus
numerosos quam in typo gerentes, semper simplices, et nunqua
(ut in typo) inflorescentias vel bracteas gerentes. Capituli unici
bracteae, ut in var. @ Nees, in petiolum attenuatae.

Nov. Grenada, La Paila (Holton, 23 Apr. 1853, 20. 599), in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Kew

DiANTHERA sEcUNDA Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Isl.,
455; Hemsl. Biol. 2: 519
Rhytiglossa secunda Nees ab Es. in DC. Prod. 11: 340.
Justicia secunda Vahl Symb. Bot. 2: 7.

Var. Holtonii Hochr. var. nov.
A typo differt foliis angustioribus, Rise agit acuminatis ;
floribus caulis apice confertissimis, bracteis primi ordinis filiformi-
bus et calyce longioribus. Calyx ca. 1 cm. longus et bracteae 1.1

( 288 )

. longae. Calyx dimidiam corollam aequans. Corolla 2 cm.
|

ng
X 2.5-3.5 cm. longa et lata, pee, nervis secundariis arcuatis
g-11. Inflorescentia 5-6 c

Nova Grenada, La Paile des on 6 Jun. 1853) in Herb.

We have compared a plant with specimens from the West
Indies and Central America, named by Grisebach D. secunda, but
it is so different that it may become perhaps practical to consider
our variety as a distinct species.

RuBIACEAE

Psychotria pseudocollina Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect. Eupsychotria
ull. § Sphondylothrysae K. Schum.)

rutex, rami cylindrici, glabri, virides; novelli compressi.
Folia lanceolata, in petiolum longum, interdum tertiam laminae
longitudinis partem attingentem, attenuata ; lamina ut petioli
glabra, apice acuta, margine integra, penni nervis, nervis secun-
dariis obliquis, arcuatis, utrinque 6-8; stipulae minimae, coronam
brevissimam, scariosam et mox in fragn menta derumpentem ef-
formantes. Inflorescentiae terminales, laxe paniculato-corymbosae,
ues foliis intermixtae, foliorum eapeorim reductorum

obconicum, extus glabrum. Calyx cupularis, gamosepalus, ore
vix 5-dentatus, fere truncatus. Corolla hypocrateriformis, extus
glabra, 5-lobata, lobis ellipticis, apice acutis cucullatis, supra glaber-
rimis; corellne. tubus brevis, intus basi glaber, fauce villosus.
Stamina fauce inserta, dorsifixa; antherae lanceolato-lineares,

bilobns, lobis longis, partis styli liberae longitudinem fere aequanti-
bus. Ovarium inferum, 2-loculare, loculis T-ovulatis. Fructus
laevis, ast 2-pyrenatus.

1-2.5 cm. one, stipulae ca. 13 mm. longae; lamina
9-5 X peas x 5S x 1.7 cm. longa et lata. Inflore scentia

ore ca. 1.5 mm. in diam. latus.. Corolla tota 2 mm. longa, lobis
et tubo ca. 1 mm. longis. Antherae ca. 0.75 mm. lon iscu
0.5 mm. longus. Stylus 1-0.75 mm. longus; wee 0.75 mm
longa. Fructus, quos vidi, ca. 6x 5 mm. longi

Nova Caledonia, Wagap (J Vetllard no. 746 [Depl. 479), in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

( 289 )

This species very much resembles P- codliza and I thought at
first it was a variety. However, by a closer investigation the dif-
ferences in the habit were found to be followed by differences in the
flower, which led me to make a new species. P. collina has leaves
with 8-10 secondary nerves and a rather dense corymbose inflo-
rescence, while P. pseudocollina has larger leaves with 6-8 sec-
ondary nerves anda very lax inflorescence. The calyx-lobes are quite
distinct and rounded-acuminate in collzza, but in pseudocollina
they are hardly to be seen. The corolla of cod/zza has lobes which
are distinctly pilose on their upper surface, so also isthe base of the
corolla tube, while ~seudocollina is quite glabrous with the excep-
tion of the throat. The anthers are also much more elongated in
our species. All these characters may be seen very well on the ex-
cellent plate of Labillardiére Sertum Austr. ¢. 47, 1

Our plant suggests P. turbdcnata A. Gr., but Gray’s plant has
shorter inflorescences and its axes are hairy.

Malanea obovata Hochr. sp. nov.

Rami lignosi, teretes, juniores ferrugineo-tomentelli, ramifica-
tiones sub angulo fere recto divaricatae. ipulae ovato-lanceo-
latae; folia opposita eiaiie vel obovato-lanceolata, integra, gla-

longissima folio florifero longior et altera brevior — + pyramidatim
paniculatae, ramosae; flores fere sessiles, subglomerati; inflores-
centiae axes ferrugineo-tomentosi, bracteae dentiformes; flores wee
minimi. Calyx cupuliformis, ore VIX 4- angulatus, fere gla aber

pilosi, intus medio villis longis crispis praediti. Stamina brevia,
juniora tantum vidi. Stylus cylindricus, apice bilobus.
Stipulae deciduae ca. 0.6 cm. longae et 0.3 cm. latae; petioli
ongi; lamina 4.7 X 1.5-10.3 x 4.2 cm. longa et lata
Inflorescentiae, quas vidi, longiores 9-10 cm. longae, breviores 3-5
m. longae; Jongiores in dimidio ve] triente superiore tantum ramo-
sae; alabastra matura cum calyce ca. 0.2 cm. longa et 0.75 mm.
crassa,
Roraima, Guyana Brit. (Schomburgk no. 1002), in Herb. N.
Y. Bot. Gard. et Kew.
This species comes next to JZ sarmentosa Aubl., but differs not
only in the ramification, which may vary and which is rather
acutely angled in Aublet’s plant, but also in the form of the stipules

( 290 )

{1x04 em. in AL sarmentosa), number of secondary nerves
(9-10 in AL sarmentosa), length of inflorescence (much shorter
than the leaves of AZ sarmentosa) and in the size of the flowers
which are sensibly smaller here. We compared it too with JZ.
sarmentosa DC. non Aublet (= MZ. glabresceus Bartl.), but the
Candollean plant has wide elliptic leaves (10.5 xX 6.5 cm.) and the
flower buds are thicker and covered with a dense canescent tomen-
tum, so that the difference between the two plants is very well
marked.

This species differs from all Brazilian ones by its quite glabrous
leaves.

RANDIA coRYMBOSA Boerlage Handleiding Fl. Ned. Ind.
130. 1891
Gynopachys corymbosa Bl. Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg, 48.

In spite of what Mrs. Koorders and Valeton say (in Bijdr.
Booms. Java 8: 83 in Mededeel’s L. Plant. 59) this is much
different from the type of Axomanthodia auriculata, so that their
synonymy seems rather doubtfu

The species quoted first, the type of which we had the opportu-
nity to study, resembles more closely Randia densiflora, which is
considered as a distinct species, than Axomanthodia auriculata.

Ixora neocaledonica Hochr. sp. nov.

Rami lignosi. Folia integra, fere sessilia, basi cordata, lanceo-
lato- linearia, ita ut margines e basi lato usque fere ad trientem
superiorem parallelae sint; hae in apicem subacuminatum regu-
lariter attenuata, supra subtu usque glaberrima, consistentia subcoria-
cea, penninervis, nervo medio valde prominente. Inflorescentiae
axillares et terminales, in cymas elongatas + strictas corymbosas dis-

Stamina 4, corollae fauce ena ) linearia, acu-
minata, basi dorso filamento breviaffixa. Stylus , apic
bilobatus. Fructus subglobosus, basi in Re henda i oe attenuatus.

Petiolus ca. 0.5 cm. longus ; lamina ca. 17 X §-19 x 6.5 cm. longa
et lata. Inflorescentia ca. 10 cm. longa, pedicellis singulis oO. >
cm. longis. Calyx sine ovario ca. 0.075 cm. longus, ore ca. 0.2 cm.
in diam. latus. Corollae tubus ca. 1.3 cm. longus, lobis o. ee cm.
longis. Stamina fereo.jcm. longa. Fructus subglobosuso.8 cm.
longus, 0.7 cm. latus et 0.7 cm, crassus.

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( 291 )

Wagap, Nov-Caledonia (Véezllard no. 2798), in Herb. N. Y
Bot. Gard., Paris et Kew

Resembles very much JZ. ¢¢morensis Decsne, the inflorescence of
which is nearly identical, but the leaves are attenuate at the base in
t. timorenszs, and the petiole isabout 1 cm. long. Our plant must
be also closely related to 7. yaouhensis Schlechter, which differs,
however, if we follow the description, in having smaller leaves, a
campanulate calyx of 0.25 cm. in length (author says 2.5 cm. long,
which may be a misprint for 0.25), acute petals and a longer style.
This last difference may be due to the fact that the flowers of our
specimens were younger.

Ixora bracteata Hochr. comb. nov.

Charpentiera bracteata Vieillard in Bull. Soc. Linn. de Normandie

9: 346. 1865, sub fam. Loganzaceae.

Arbor parva; rami juniores + angulati, plerumque eeu
compressi, glabri. Folia sessilia elliptica, apice obtus
data vaginentia, glaberrima, supra nitentia, ramorum apice, in vicini-
tate florum conspicue minora et breviora. Inflorescentiae terminales,
breves, trichotomae, triflorae, inter bracteas duas magnas reniformes
sessiles saneiaee ate flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx vix 4-
lobatus, pularis nimus. Corollae Vine Rice multoties
longior, lobi freee: ete + acuti. Stamina 4, linearia, acu-
tata, fauce corollae inserta, serius inter colin lobos refracta.
Stylus longissimus, apice profunde bilobatu

Folia ca. 7.5 X 4.2 cm. longa et lata, eee 4 X 2.2-1.8
X 1.4 cm. longa et lata. Bracteae orbiculares 2.9 X 2.9-2.1

xX 2.1 cm. longae et lata Inflorescentiae pedunculus communis
0.5-1 cm. longus; pedicelli cum calyce 0.3-0.5 cm. longi. Corollae
tubus ca. 2 . us et vix 0.1 cm. crassus, lobi ca. 0.7 cm.

longi et fereo.4 cm. lati; filamenta ca. o.1 cm. longa, antherae ca.
0.35 cm. longa, stylus tubi corrolini longitudinem ca. 0.6 cm. ex-
cedens. Fructus oblongus ca. 1 cm. long

Wagap, Nov. Caledonia (Vtetllard no. 689), 3 in Herb. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. et Paris.

I have not seen the original number quoted by Vieillard, but the
description agrees exactly and our plant is identical with Balaxsa
no. 3410 which bears in the Paris herbarium the name Charpen-
tiera bracteata. As the description was very incomplete and not
easily accessible I have here inserted a new one. Vieillard placed
this plant in the Loganzaceae and it was a puzzle until Schumann
transferred the genus to the 2udzaceae; but I think he was wron
in identifying it with Pavetfa because it has the characteristic
deeply bilobed stigma of Lxora.

(292)
CANDOLLEACEAE
Stylidium minor Hochr. comb. nov.
Ventenatia minor Smith Exot. Bot. 2: 15, ¢. 67. 1805.

Stylidium lineare Swartz in Gesell. Naturforsch. Fr. Berl. Mag.
1: 50,472, f.z. 1807; DC. Prod. 7: 333; Benth. Fl. Austr.

Stylidium planifolium Poir. Dict. Supp. 5: 412. 1817.
New South Wales (U.S. S. Pacif. Exp. Exp., Welkes no. 29),
in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

COMPOSITAE

EupATORIUM AMPHIDICTYUM DC. Prod. 5: 163. 1836;
Baker in Mart. Fl. Brasil. 6: 309

Bulbostylis pumila Gardn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 470.

1842.

Under the name &. amphidictyum Baker quotes in Mart. doc. ctt.,
a plant of Adartius no. 830, in the Kew Herbarium, that that plant is
considered as the true &. amphidictyum. Inthe New York Her-
rium the same plant of Martius occurs and bears the same number,
therefore we thought it also should be &. amphidictyum. But after
comparing it with the type of the Prodromus it proved to be quite
different, the plant of de Candolle having much larger leaves and a
long nude peduncle, bearing only a few minute bracts and at the
top a small number of heads crowded together with short pedicels.
Those heads are much larger than the ones of our plant.

Unfortunately the state of our specimen does not allow us to
make a complete description of it, but there is no doubt that if it is
a Hupatorium itisanew species. Weare not yet convinced that it
belongs to that genus, however, and the arrangement of the heads at
the ends of the inflorescence branches suggests certain species of
Vernonia. Having no good flowers we find it advisable to leave
aside such a plant, wishing only to point out that Vard‘us no. 830
of the New York, as well as of the Kew, Herbarium has nothing to
do with the type of de Candolle’s £. amphidictyum.

Baccharis subsculpta Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect.
Oblongifoliae Baker)
Suffructicosa. Caules striati, minute glanduloso-puberuli, novelli
subangulati. Folia spiraliter disposita, oblonga vel ovato-oblonga
(novissima oblongo-linearia), basi angustata sessilia, apice acuta,

( 293 )

margine parte inferiore subintegra, parte superiore irregulariter
inatis i fer

dilatata, parte dilatata ultra ee 5 lobata; lobis triangularibus.
Stamina 5, antherae lineares, apice longe acuminatae. Stylus et
stigma Asterearum. Achenia seals tantum vidi, pappo pallido
stramineo coronata. Pappi setae plerumque irregulariter undulatae,
rugosae, apice aliquantalum disuse et ibidem pilosae, quam corolla
distincte major
Folia 6 x se X 2-5.2 X 1.5 cm. longa et lata, novissima ad 2
; . 1

2.5-1.5 cm. longa. Inflorescentia ca. 6%4 cm. longa et lata.
Capitula 1-t.4 cm. in diam. lata. Corolla ca. 0.4 cm. longa, i. e.
tubus 0.2 cm. longus, et lobi ca. 0.15 cm. longi. Pappi setae ca.
0.5 cm. longae; seer sterile ca. 1 mm. longum.

In Peruvia interiore (Matthews no. 564), in Herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard.; idem in Herb. Kew sub (A@atthews no. 758), Cuesta of
Perruchuca.

is Baccharis is very near B. sculpta Griseb. from Argentine.
The latter differs, however, by its rather flat corymb, its flat
leaves with wider teeth, by the wider and rather whitish involucral
bracts and by the smaller heads. Our species suggests also
B. sphaerocephala which differs also by its larger heads (up to
1.8 cm. in diam.), its non-alveolate leaves, and the flat corymb.
Following the description our plant is related to B. grandicapitu-
fata Hieron., but differs by its larger and acute leaves and by its
pappus much exceeding the crown.

HeELicHrysuM ARMENIUM DC. Prod. 6: 183; Boiss.
Or. 3: 235

Gnaphalium armentum Fischer et Mey.

Var. glanduliferum Hochr. comb. nov.
= H. glanduliferum Schultz-Bip : Kotschy exsicc. Pl. Alepp.
urd. moss. no. 310, leg. 24 Jun. I.
A typo differt caulibus crassioribus oe (in typo caules sinuosi
teneri), foliis oblongis, vel oblongo-lanceolatis, sessilibus, basi

( 294 )

auriculato-decurrentibus + 3 X 0.7 cm. longis et latis, supremis =

glandulosa), denique differt capitulis ae majoribus, 6~7 mm. in
diam. latis (capitula in typo 4.5 mm

Koordistan (Grant & Hinsdale no. a Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

At first sight anyone might think that A. armentum and HZ.
glanduliferum were two different species; but the numerous
plants referred to H. armenium by Boissier show such a variation
that we understand very well why he considered the whole lot as a
polymorphic but unique species.

However, as may be seen by the description, this particular form,
called glanduliferum by Schultz seems so well characterized by
its glands and the form of leaves and indumentum, that it is prac-
tical to keep it apart as a variety. The specimen of the New York
Herbarium is absolutely identical with the form of Schultz.

The type of A. armenium DC. is Guaphalium armenium
Fisch. et Mey., founded upon a plant of Szowitz, a specimen of
which is in Herb. Boissier. From that plant I took the indications
concerning the forma tyfica of the species.

LaGASCEA HELIANTHIFOLIA H.B.K. Nov. Gen. Am. 4:
24; DC. Prod. §: 92

Orizaba (Afuller, no. 1277), in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.

L. helianthifolia differs certainly from ZL. /atzfola DC. as may
be seen in the originals. The leaves of Z. latifolia DC. are sca-
brous beneath, while those of eldanthifolza are softly tomentose.

On the other hand Z. latifolia = L. suaveolens H.B.K.; DC.,
therefore it is an error to consider Z. suaveolens and L. helt-
anthifolia as synonyms, as English authors do, for instance in
Ind. Kew

Viguiera Brittonii Hochr. sp. nov.

ob. suffrutex. Caules hirsuti, scaberrimi, aaa Folia
spiraliter disposita, interdum folia minora in ramis secundariis op-
posita, omnia se essilia ; lamina pergamentacea, ine. lanceolata, basi
rotundata vel quasi in petiolum alatum brevem abrupte angustata,
apice longe attenuata, acuminata, acutissima, margine plerumque
aliquantulum recurvata, minute et distanter dentata ; lamina tripli-
vel interdum quintupli-nervis, supra saturate viridis, pilorum decid-
uorum basibus persistentibus scaberrima, subtus in sicco laete viridis

( 295 )

et villis + adpressis, albis, mollibus, pilosa, sed in nervaturis scabra.

attenuato-acutae et etiam ae mucronatae, omnes praeter

+ circum florem plicatae, ca, 12-nerviae. Flores tubulosi, paleis vix
aequilongi; corolla apice 5-lobata, extus minute pilosa. Stamina 5,
antherae lineares. Stylus helianthoidearum, breviter bilobatus.

qua
praedita ; aristae squamis triplo vel quadruplo longiores sed quam
corolla breviores.

Folia 7.2 . pee x 1.3 cm. longa et lata. Folia superiora minora
subopposita ca. 1.5 x 0.35 cm. longa et lata. Pedunculi ad 6 cm.
longi, sed interdum rami axillares fere usque ad capitulum terminale

parce foliati. Capitula, radio say ca. I.5 cm. in diam. lata;
bracteae ele ae ca. 0.5 x 0.2 cm. longae et se interiores ca.
x - longae et latae. Bales ca.o.7cm.longae. Radii

&
ligulae ca. eo cm. longae et latae. Misculoaa corolla
ca. 0.45 cm. longa. Achaenium immaturum 0.175 cm. longum.
Pappi aristae 0.2-0.3 cm. longae; squamae ca. 0.5 mm. longae et
um

Peruvia (Matthews, anno (S63, no. 72) in Herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. (Matthews sine no.) in Herb. Kew sub nomine Harpalium
truxillense.

This species does not resemble any other except V. Scyszylowiczzt
Hieron. which I have not seen, but which must be very closely
related to our plant, if we follow the description. However, the
characters given by Prof. Hieronymus and not agreeing with our
species are the following: (1) ‘*Involucri squamae interiores 11—
12 mm. (the text bears cm. which must be a misprint for mm.)
longae acutae glanduloso-punctulatae,” while ours do not exceed 8
mm., are never glandulose and the inner ones are rounded at the
apex. (2) ‘*Paleis g-nerviis, in juventute pilosulis.” Ours are
glabrous and 12-nerved. (3) ‘‘ Ligulae ca. 21 x5 mm. longae et
latae.” Ours are aboutgx4 mm. (4) ‘‘Pappus squamulis 7-8,
apice laciniato-dendatis, aristaque unica formatus.” Ours is com-
posed of 2 spines and 2 truncate scales. (5) ‘* Corolla disci ca.
6 mm.,” while ours does not exceed 4.5 mm

( 296 )

All those characters show that Hieronymus’s plant must have
more or less the same habit, but larger flowers and a different
organization of the pappus.

Helianthus Matthewsii Hochr. sp. nov.

Prob. suffrutex. Caulis eo. striatus et parce canescenti-
tomentellus, ee non ve orum apice tantum aliquantu-
lum scaber. Folia petiolata, spiraliter disposita, sed probabiliter

basi ramorum opposita, gwéa in ramulo accessorio folia inferiora
opposita vidi; petioli adpresse canescenti-villosi ; lamina lanceolata,
vel ovato-lanc aie basi in petiolum attenuata, margine subintegra,
apice attenuato-acuminata acuta, supra pilis parvis tuberculatis
induta, subscabra, saturate ie. subtus pilis adpressis longis
lanatis canescenti-tomentosa; lamina nervis secundariis duobus,
fere basilaribus, dimidiam longitudinem attingentibus, trinervia;
nervis, supra = impressis et parum conspicuis, subtus prominentibus
e

margine, versus apicem, ut interiores, ciliatae. Radii flores ae

2

aceus, paleis lanceolatis, praecipue exterioribus circum flores con-
duplicatis, apice + pilosis; disci flores tubulosi, tubus parte
inferiore angustior, parte superiore parum latior sed cy lindricus,
extus minute pilosus, apice tantum modice 5-lobatus, lobis parvis,
ovatis. Stamina 5; antherae ape ae parte lanceolata
praeditae. Stylus cylindricus, ice bifidus, lobis truncatis.
Achaenia nigra, interdum oe interdum (ea florum interi-
orum) adpresse pilosa; achaenia exteriora minus, interiora plus,
antice compressa. Pappus praeter aristam unain vel duas tenuis-
simas caducissimas, nullus.

Caulis 0.15-0.3 cm. crassus. Foliorum adultorum petioli 0.5-0.7
cm. ote laminae, quas vidi, adultae 9 x 2.1-7 x 1.8 cm. longae
et latae, minores 3 x 0.9 cm. longae et latae. Capitulorum
pedunculi 0.5-3.5 cm. longi. Capituli ae o.8-1.3. cm. in diam.
latus. Involucri bracteae exteriores ad 0.9 cm. longae et 0.15 cm.
latae; paleae ca. 0.4 cm. longae. Flores ica cum ligula et
achaenio sterili 1-1.2 cm. longi; florum tubulosorum corolla ca. 0.4

nga. Achaenia submatura 0.2-0.25 cm. longa et o.1 cm. lata.

Peruvia (Matthews an. 1862) in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.; id. in
Herb. Kew ex Peruvia Chachapoyas (.l/atthews no. 3067).

There is no doubt that the two plants are two specimens of the
same collection, so that we may consider them as coming from the
same locality and bearing the same number. The Kew specimen

( 297 )

is to be found under Viguzera, but the absence of scales at the apex
of the achene shows that it is a Helianthus.

It is true that the achenes of the center of the heads are generally
covered with bristly hairs and, at the apex, those hairs, exceeding
a little the length of the fruit, may look like a very reduced pappus.
But where the very caducous lateral bristles are preserved, one may
see very distinctly that those bristles alone form the pappus. In
that case, if hairs are developed on the fruit, it is obvious that
they are inserted on the outer wall of the achenes. It is very inter-
esting to note that in the same head some achenes are quite glabrous
and some others are covered with bristly adpressed hairs.

Our plant resembles HY. corntfolius and aureus H.B.K., with
the original of which we compared it in Paris, but AZ. cornzfolius
differs by its hirsute stems and wider and very scabrous leaves. :
aureus differs also by its oblong leaves and larger heads with ligu-
late flowers attaining 3 X 0.5 cm. length and width.

The Viguzeras being very near allies of Helzanthus we wish to
note also the species of that genus most resembling our plant.
These are only Vigu¢era dentata Spreng. from Guatemala or V.
decurrens and helianthoides from North America. But all of them
are quite distinct.

Lipochaeta lifuana Hochr. sp. nov.
Prob. suffrutex, totus adpresse viloso-argenteus. Caules ob-
scure tetragoni, praecipue apice dens e villosi. Folia opposita,
valde variabilia, a lanceolato-oblonga ad ee lanceolato-linearia,

adpresse villosae. Thalamus fere ae radii flo I-I
luteae, ligulatae; disci flores tubulosi, 5-lobati, loborum margine

rifoliae Gray, simillima, compressa, angulata, apice truncata et
villosa. Fructus maturos non vidi.

Petiolio. 3 -o.7 cm. longi, lamina 2.8 x 1 X 0.7-2.2 XO. 35-

. longa et lata. Pedunculi uni nilcaprtal 2-3 cm. lon

Capitula cum bracts, praeter radium ca. tr cm. in diametro eee
flores ligulati ca. 1-0.8 cm. longi, flores tubulosi cum achaenio ca.
0.6 cm. longi; ee exteriores ca. 0.4 X 0.3-0. 5x vix 0.2 cm.
olngae et latae; paleae ca. 0.55 cm. longae.

( 298 )

Ins. Lifu, Nova Caledonia ( Véedllard no. 799), in Herb. N. Y.
Bot. Gard., Paris et Kew.

I first named this plant Weddelia lifuana (cf. Kew in Herb.) but
the fruit, with its sharp edges and villous apex, is so exactly similar
to the one of Lipochaeta integrifolia Gray, that I must place our
plant next to it. The base of the leaves of Z. “éfuana shows also
the three main nerves characteristic of the genus. However,
Weddelia and Lipochaeta are very nearly related.

The New York specimens show the two extreme shapes of leaves
and bracts, the narrowest and the widest, but the Kew ones show
all intermediate links, so that we cannot but consider them forms
of the same species.

Calea umbellulata Hochr. sp. nov. (e sect. Leon-
tophthalmum Baker)

Verisimiliter herba vel suffrutex bi-tri-chotome ramosus. Caulis
cylindricus, parce et minute pilosus, in nodis villosus. Folia oppo-

Oo
et retinervis, nervis supra impressis, subtus prominentibus ; lamin
supra ea scabra. I orescentiae axilla et termi fas

vel subacutae. Thalamus paleaceus; paleae scariosae, Jan coato:
subulatae, achaeniis longiores. Flores tubulosi 6-9, apice 5-lobati
tubus parte inferiore ad “filamentorum insertionem abrupte angusta-

tus. Stamina §, filamenta pro rata longa, antherae vix hastatae.
Stylus bilobatus, apice truncatus. Achaenia oblonga, laevia, glabra,
vix compressa, -§ nigrescentia cum matura, apice pappo paleaceo

coronata ; es lanceolato-subulatis, longe acuminatis, flore aequi-

gis.

Caules, quos vidi, ad 4o cm. longi. Folia inferiora: petiolus
ca, 2. cm. longus, lamina 9 x 5.5 cm. Tonga et lata; folia superiora:
petiolus 0.3-1 cm. longus, lamina 4.8 x 2 2.6-2 xX 0.9 cm. longa et

at Pedunculi 1.5-4 cm. longi, pedicelli 0.2-0.5 cm. longi.
Capitula ad 0.6 cm. longa et 0.3-0. 5 cm. lata. Achaenium 0.15
cm. longum et 0.075 cm. latum; es setae 0.4 cm. longa

Peruvia (Matthews an. 1862), in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Peru-
via Chachapoyas (Matthews in Herb. Kew).

(299 )

This species is certainly allied to C. Ottonxz¢s Sch. Bip., which
has the same inflorescence; but C. Ottonrs differs by its hairy
akenes and by its leaves being shorter, wider and much more hairy
beneath. Our species is also related to C. Zacatechiché Schlecht.
and salmaefolia Hemsl., but both have hairy fruits and short,
truncate pappus.

SENECIO LEUCOPHYTON Philippi in Linnaea 28: 738. 1856

Chile prov. Colchagua (Bridges vel Cuming no. 78r) in Herb.
N.Y. Bot. Gard.

The specimen of the New York herbarium is exactly the same as
the type of Germain, upon which Philippi founded his species. It
is very distinctfrom S. argenteus Remy and S. chzlents Lessing by
its glabrous fruits and also by a slight difference in the tomentum,
which looks like thin paper on S. argenteus and chitlensis, while
it is here rather lke wool or cotton-wool. However later on
Philippi omitted our species in his list of Plant. Neuv. Chilenas. It
must have been forgotten.

S. argyreus with smooth achenes is quite a different plant, with
large leafy stems, much larger heads and a yellowish tomentum.

A Phytogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the Southern
California Trees and Shrubs

By LeRoy ABRAMS

CONTENTS
PAGE
Pret a Ceo seen eects eases ee tine ap ieee tue on ea ee 300
Introduction: 44.13 cnce en. Hw ease atendai iene a SS ead pee ag elas 301
Physiography :as:cd ade naieae ans Gan eat ae wed ata wave edie 301
Climatology sii0. ci sietaae cea edind wae ba ce ele Sioa eee 304
General -descriptiony fos wweneinataeedds Viewed ee Eee ad 404
compere tite and rainfallrecords.... 0.0.0.2... 00000 e sees 305
Phytogeographic features... 0.0... nee 307
General deveripuen de Diane saucy reretle GEM ahecite deena chs Cul ee ean ee otartee eet tees 307
Boreal tépion &..2.23, iawsse oy ee Pha eeat ed eas See 308
General description. ...... 00.0.0... 0c cece eee 308
Canadian :26ne ascidian eae ae ees unre tion 308
Austral repiome: ico. eden Soho ee on ge a ees 310
Geneéral description’: «esa cry02 au eenena de eapns de dew eee a od 310
ALTansitlOn:ZONne ys aicvales ioe a Seah en Saeed ee eS 310
pper austra TN pede ahd ine de acres aa mi eum ant ed aap: ake Me ER oe paca Sh Sct 312
eneral description... 2.2.0.0... 2.02. c cee eee eee eee 312
Coastal:slope: sha. Mae ee beta tie ne ht cede acne ees 312
Desert slopes sii-ci1 gach enw eas atti doit Hees 317
Lower austral 2One 9 2 cds decency bee Barra bE nae RS 318
General description <4 ica cee kater awe aie sede wees 318
Interior valleys... ee ee ene 319
San Diego-district «e'0i¢ wisd ane we duaavadaw eee eee ees 319
Mohaverdesert.is.c% eye dees aos ae Yates Me eae Dae 320
LOTad Ord CSer tr ssa ht Sap ceca ees staat nares eat erage 321
Explanation: of plates <3 sataciaieat tae en a chad gadis warned ans 322
Annotated catalogue of the southern California trees and shrubs......... 323
PREFACE

In the study of the trees and shrubs of southern California I have
endeavored to discuss the phytogeographic as well as the taxonomic
features, as trees and shrubs, being long-lived and non-migratory,
furnish excellent material for phytogeographic observations.
The present paper is the result of field studies carried on along
these lines for a number of years, together with an examination of
specimens in the principal herbaria of the United States.

Many helpful suggestions in the study of the phytogeographical

(300)

( 301 )

problems have been obtained from Coville’s “Botany of the Death
Valley Expedition,” Parish’s “Sketch of the Flora of Southern
California,” and Hall’s “Survey of San Jacinto Mountain,” as
well as from Merriam’s paper dealing with his system of life zones,
which latter I have adopted.

Acknowledgments are most heartily given to the following
persons for the loan of material, or for assistance in determining
questions of taxonomy and nomenclature: Dr. B. L. Robinson,
Mr. F. V. Coville, Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. J. K. Small, Dr. P. A. Ryd-
berg, Dr. H. M. Hall, Mr. S. B. Parish, Dr. A. Davidson, Mr.
W. F. Wight, Mr. C. R. Ball, Mr. P. L. Ricker, Mrs. K. Bran-
degee and Miss M. A. Day.

To Professor W. R. Dudley, who has courteously given much
time and valuable assistance, and through whose advice and en-
couragement I undertook the study of the southern California flora,
and to Dr. N. L. Britton, who has given valuable aid in carrying
on these studies, is due whatever merit this paper may possess.

INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOGRAPHY

Southern California is the name popularly applied to that part
of the State of California which lies south of Point Conception
and the Tehachapi Mountains, a territory lying between 32° 35’
and 35° 45’ north latitude, and extending from the 37th to the
43d meridian west. Its western boundary is the Pacific Ocean,
its southern Lower California, and its eastern the Colorado River,
which separates it from Arizona. On the north the boundary
is formed by the crosss ranges which break up the general trend
of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada. Its line extends
from Point Conception eastward along the Santa Ynez Mountains,
Mount Pinos, and the Tehachapi Mountains to the southern ex-
tremity of the Sierra Nevada, thence eastward to the southern
boundary of Nevada. East of the Sierra Nevada the northern
boundary is arbitrary, as the Mohave Desert merges into the desert
regions northward and eastward with no definite line of demar-
cation.

The area comprised within these boundaries is approximately
113,250 square kilometers, a little over one fourth that of the
entire State. The greatest width from east to west is 520 kilo-

(302 )

meters, and from north to south 350 kilometers. Southern Cali-
fornia covers an area somewhat greater than the entire State of
Pennsylvania. If placed on the northern Atlantic coast it would
extend east and west from Boston to Buffalo, and southward as
far as Philadelphia.

e topography is broken and irregular, with numerous moun-
tain ranges separated by narrow passes or valleys of greater or
less extent. The main axis of these mountains lies generally
parallel with the coast at a distance of 40 to 120 kilometers inland.
At intervals of 60 to 100 kilometers narrow passes divide this axis
into several rather distinct sections. Of these sections the north-
ernmost, which lies between Tejon and Soledad Passes, is composed
of a series of comparatively low, chaparral-covered mountains,
the culminating peak of which (Liebre Mountain) is only 1737
meters, above the sea. South of Soledad Pass, between it and
Cajon Pass, are the rugged peaks of the San Gabriel Mountains,
which rise abruptly out of the coastal valleys to altitudes ranging
from 1800 to over 3000 meters (Mount San Antonio =3024 meters).
The San Bernardino Mountains, although less broken and irreg-
ular, reach even higher altitudes. In this range, which is separated

y the narrow Cajon Pass from the San Gabriel Mountains, is
the highest mountain south of the Sierra Nevada (San Gorgonio,
3428 meters). Extending southeastward from Mount San Gorgonio,
at a much lower altitude, are the desert ranges, the Cottonwood
and the Chuckawalla Mountains, which separate the Mohave
and the Colorado Deserts. To the southward, again, between
the Colorado Desert and the coastal region, rise the San Jacinto
Mountains. The eastern base of Mount San Jacinto, the highest
peak in this range, rests almost directly upon the low depressions
of the Colorado Desert (Palm Springs, altitude 137 meters) while
its summit, scarcely eight miles distant in an air line, rises with an
almost sheer ascent to 3242 meters. South of the San Jacinto
Mountains are the less rugged Palomar, Santa Rosa, and Cuia-
maca Mountains. This series of mountain ranges divides the
deserts from the coastal region, and is one of the principal factors
which influence the climate of southern California.

The arid desert country east of the mountains, comprising over
one half the entire area of southern California, is separated by the
Cottonwood and Chuckawalla Mountains into two distinct
divisions, the Mohave and the Colorado Deserts.

PL. A.

VoL. VI.

Buti. N. Y. Bor. Garp.

RELIEF MAP

<=
Coen
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Fens)
No
ica
Laoeal

Xx
=
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>

GEOLOGICAL, DEPARTMENT

SYANPORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA

MAP OF CALIFORNIA.

RELIEF

( 303 )

The Mohave Desert, which lies to the north of the dividing
ranges, is triangular in outline and covers an area of approximately
51,200 square kilometers. It is chiefly an arid plateau with an
elevation of 300 to goo meters, but north of our limits is the low
depression of Death Valley which is nearly 90 meters below sea
level. The broad level expanse is broken here and there by short
isolated ranges or “lone mountains,” the rocky barren slopes of
which, save for their talus bases, rise abruptly from the floor-like
plain. Between these elevations are numerous low depressions
.’ The surfaces of these
are frequently crusted over with the deposits of soluble salts, and
the margins lined with characteristic saline vegetation.

To the south of the Cottonwood and the Chuckawalla Moun-
tains lies the Colorado Desert, which extends southward along
the gulf slope of Lower California, and eastward into southern
Arizona and northwestern Sonora. Within the boundaries of
California this desert, the area of which occupies a little over
16,000 square kilometers, is principally the dry bed of a large
inland sea or lake, with pebble-covered beaches that are still
clearly discernible along the base of the surrounding mountains.
At one time this depression was a continuation of the Gulf of Cali-
fornia, from which it was cut off in comparatively recent times.
This separation was accomplished partly, perhaps, by a slight
elevation of the land between the vicinity of Yuma and the Cocopa
Mountains, but chiefly by the delta formed at the mouth of
the Colorado River, which latter carries great quantities of
silt. Inward from the gravelly rim of the depression the character
of the soil gradually changes from a sandy loam into the heaviest
of clays, while the center, now covered by an accidental over-
flow from the Colorado River, is normally a salt bed several feet
in thickness.

On the western or coastal side of the mountains the foot-hills
and mountains give way here and there to valleys often of con-
siderable extent. These valleys are mainly very fertile, supporting
a luxuriant vegetation wherever water is plentiful, but areas of
low alkaline soil, or dry gravelly mesas or washes are frequently
interspersed. Along the southern base of the San Gabriel and
the San Bernardino Mountains the original floor of the valley
has been buried by debris of gravel and coarse sands, washed down
by the winter torrents from the steep mountain slopes. Here

( 304)

and there, however, isolated hills or elevated mesas, projecting
above the talus, remain as indicators of the original sedimentary
deposits. This large interior valley is separated from the low
valley along the coast of Los Angeles and Orange Counties by
the Santa Ana Mountains, and a series of low hills which connect
them with the Santa Monica Mountains. North of this last
range is the low coastal valley of Ventura County, the only
other valley of any considerable area on the western side of the
mountains.
CLIMATOLOGY
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

There is great diversity of climate, due principally to topography,
a factor which exerts a marked influence in southern California,
since the principal mountain ranges lie transversely to the path
of the prevailing winds and storms. Asa rule, however, the climate
is one of scant precipitation and high temperatures, conditions
that become more and more pronounced toward the interior, away
from the ameliorating influences of the cool moist sea-breeze. The
rainfall is chiefly confined to the winter and early spring months,
the dry summer and autumn having almost continual sunshine.
Precipitation i is greatest in the mountains, with an average annual
rainfall in some localities exceeding 100 centimeters, and least in
the Colorado Desert, where it is less than 5 centimeters in some
sections. Fully as great extremes are found in temperatures.
On a winter day, for instance, one may stand among blooming
roses or in orange groves laden with ripe fruit, and watch the
snow, driven by piercing winds, drifting about the rugged peaks
of the neighboring mountains.

The following temperature and rainfall records have been
compiled from McAdie’s “Climatology of California”

(305 )

TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL RECORDS

Normat Montuiy anp ANNUAL TEMPERATURE Recorps, Expressep In Decrees FAHRENHEIT

ee Altitude | Length An-

ation. iateee of records| Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | April} May | June] July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. nual
in years

Anaheim. sea 134 23 54.8 6.2 | §9.2 ) 62.8 | 66.7 | 69.8 | 72.4 | 73.3 | 71.9 | 66.6 | 61.1 | 56.9 | 64.3

Cabazon........| 1779 5 51.0 | 54.7 | §6.1 | 62.2 | 65.0 | 75.6 | 82.9 | 79.1 | 75.5 | 67.5 | 62.6 | 54.0 | 65.7

Claremont oc 1200 9 49.7 1.6 | 53.0 | 57.1 | 60.7 | 66.7 | 71.6 | 70.6 | 69.2 | 62.4 | 57.3 | 51.6 | 60.1

Colton. 965 24 50.6 | 53.2 | 57.4 | 61.4 | 67.5 | 73.2 | 78.5 | 78.9 | 73.8 | 64.8 | 57.5 | 53.0 | 64.0

Elsinore 1234 6 50.3 3.0 | 56.3 | 61.7 | 66.0 | 71.5 | 78.4 | 77.1 | 74.2 | 65.6 | 59.2 | 52.6 | 63.8

Escondido....... 650 7 49.6 2.0 | 54.3 | 58.3 | 62.6 | 67.9 | 72.5 | 72.1 | 69.0 | 61.5 | 55.1 | 49.5 | 60.3

Fernando ...... 1066 23 50.5 3.0 | §6.3 | 61.1 | 64.7 | 7o.1 | 74.7 | 75.4 |] 72.0 | 65.0 | 59.2 | 54.0 | 63.0

ndio ......... --20 23 52.9 8.7 | 65.3 | 72.5 | 80.1 | 88.3 | 94.5 | 93.0 | 86.5 | 75.4 | 62.6 | 56.6 | 73.7

Manzana ..... 2850 7 42.4 | 44.6 | 47.5 | 54.9 | 61.2 | 72.3 | 80.1 | 78.4 | 71.2 | 60.1 | 52.1 | 43.4 | 58.9

Mohave ...... 2751 24 45.3 | 48.8 | 53.5 | 59.7 | 68.0 | 77.5 | 85.7 | 84.2 | 73.9 | 65.6 | 54.8 | 46.8 | 64.0

Needles. . iene 491 9 52.4 | 57-8 | 64.8 | 72.2 | 80.2 ; 87.8 | 94.4 | 92.3 | 84.7 | 72.2 | 60.1 | 52.8 | 72.6

Newhall .. ...| 1200 24 47.9 | 50.2 | 54.1 | 58.9 | 64.1 | 70.7 | 76.6 | 77.3 | 71.5 | 62.1 | 54.8 | 49.5 | 61.5

Palm Springs.... 584 12 55-3 | 58.7 | 65.1 | 74.6 | 81.1 | 90.6 | 97.7 | 93.2 | 85.2 | 74.5 | 65.1 5.1 | 74.7

POWAY... eee ee 460 17 48.0 | 49.5 | 52.4 | 55.8 | 60.6 | 65.1 | 68.9 | 69.6 | 65.9 | 59.4 | 53.5 rr | 58.3

: 1335 8 50.8 2.2 | 54.7 | 61.1 | 65.8 | 73.8 | 78.3 | 77.5 | 72.1 | 65.0 | 58.9 3.2 | 63.5

1025 19 51.1 2.7 | 55.9 | 60.4 | 65.2 | 70.6 | 76.3 | 76.4 | 72.1 | 64.2 | 58.2 3.4 | 62.9

wee} = 263 12 55-7 8.8 | 66.0 | 76.5 | 83.1 | 93.8 | 98.9 | 97.2 | 91.0 | 79.1 | 66.8 6.1 | 76.9

..+-[ 1500 8 49.2 1.3 | 53-5 | 57-3 | 64.5 | 70.2 | 76.2 | 76.0 | 70.6 | 62.2 | 56.1 0.0 | 60.2

2 137 12 5.5 7.5 | 60.2 | 64.2 | 68.8 | 72.2 | 75.0 | 75.4 | 73.3 | 68.4 | 61.8 7.5 | 65.8

130 17 3.2 4.8 | 55.4 | 58.4 | 60.2 | 63.2 | 65.1 | 66.9 | 65.7 | 62.6 | 59.1 5.7 | 59.9

, 92 16 4.2 4.6 | 57.8 | 61.3 | 64.4 | 66.9 | 69.9 | 70.3 | 67.8 | 64.8 | 60.2 7.0 | 62.5

: 286 12 2.4 | 54.0 | 55.8 | 60.5 | 63.4 | 65.6 | 68.5 | 68.4 | 66.3 | 62.5 | 59.8 5.6 | 61.1

7 3964 24 8.2 | 39.3 | 44-1 | 50.2 | 59.2 | 69.4 | 76.4 | 74.5 | 66.1 | 56.1 | 46.5 | 39.5 | 54.9

Ventura ........ 50 8 2.8 3.2 | 53.6 | 56.0 | 58.6 | 62.1 | 63.5 | 64.6 | 61.4 | 60.1 | 57.2 | 54.9 | 58.2

(306 )

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( 307 )

CHart or THE AnnuaL RarinratL Recorps, Crassifiep ACCORDING TO
THE Puyrocrocrapuic SECTIONS

(Each column represents one eighth the actual rainfall)

Deserts, altitude — 87 to 917 meters, Lower Austral Zone; rainfall 64.2 cm.

Mountains, altitude 1600 to 1780 meters, Transition Zone; rainfall 798 cm.

Foothills, altitude 847 to 1321 meters, Upper Austral Zone; rainfall 488.7

fe ea at
Interior valleys, altitude 400 to 454 meters, Lower Austral Zone; rainfall 324

“Coastal valleys, altitude 10 to 279 meters, Upper Austral Zone; rainfall
340.5 cm

San Diego district, altitude 10 to 100 meters, Lower Austral Zone; rainfall
238 cm.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC FEATURES
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Phytogeographically southern California is separated into three
clearly defined floral divisions—the coastal slope, the mountain,
and the desert. Each of these divisions has derived its charac-
teristic plants from different floral elements. The species of the
coastal slope are principally of Californian origin; the species
confined to the mountains, boreal or of boreal ancestry; and those
of the deserts, endemic or migrants from the Great Basin, Sonora,
or Lower California. To discuss these different floras intelli-
gently it is essential that some general system be followed.
Engler’s! arrangement has many commendable features, but
Merriam’s? system of North American life zones has been more
completely worked out for this country and is therefore adopted.

An outline of Merriam’s life zones for North America north of
the tropics is as follows:

Region Zone Area
Arctic-alpine

Boreal... . 0... ....005 Hudsonian
Canadian

1Engler, A. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 213-222
2Merriam, C. H. Life Zones and Crop Zones of he ee States. Bull.
U.S. Biol. Survey, No. 10. 1898.

( 308 )

Atlantic’ Humid
Transition........... Western Ari
Pacific Hu
: lini
Austral vccuseesherces Upper Austral........ Lepper coreliniae

Upper Sonoran
Lower Carolinian
Louisianian
Lower Sonoran

Lower Austral........

BOREAL REGION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

In southern California the Boreal Region occupies the uppermost
altitudes of the prominent mountain peaks, seldom descending
lower than 2550 meters. It is therefore comparatively restricted,
appearing only on the following peaks: Pinos, North Baldy,
Pine, San Antonio, Sugarloaf, San Bernardino, San Gorgonio,
San Jacinto, and Santa Rosa. e region is most extensive
in the vicinity of Mount San Gorgonio and Mount San Ber-
nardino, where it covers the high ridges connecting the peaks and
the spurs leading from them.

The three zones of the Boreal Region are less clearly defined
than in more northerly territories, chiefly because the area covered
by it is so limited. The presence of the Arctic-alpine Zone was
first noted by Hall’, who discovered three characteristic Alpine
species, Carex Preslit, Oxyria digyna, and Ranunculus Esch-
scholizit on steep north slopes of Mount San Jacinto near perpetual
snow. ‘To this scanty list Parish* has added Arenaria hirta verna
and Aniennaria alpina from Mount San Gorgonio. The presence
even of this small number of truly Arctic-alpine species is of con-
siderable interest, for, as pointed out by Hall and Parish, they
mark “the most southern known limit of the Artic flora on the
North American Continent.”

CANADIAN ZONE

The two lower zones, the Hudsonian and the Canadian, are
inseparable in southern California. Parish suggests that Pinus
Murrayana characterizes the Canadian, and Pinus flexilis the

3Hall, H. M. A botanical Survey of San Jacinto Mountain. Univ. Calif.
Publ., Bot. 1: 16. 1902.

‘Parish, S. B. Sketch of the Flora of southern"California. Bot. Gaz. 36:
203-222 and 259-279. 1903.

‘SNIVINOOW ONIGUVNUUL NVS ‘ANVI AUG ‘“SITIXATA d GNV VNVAVUNNN SOANId

“daVD "LOG ‘ACN (Ting

‘d'Id “TA “TOA

( 309 )

Hudsonian, but such a distinction is not tenable, for on Mount San
Gorgonio, where the Boreal Region is best developed, both species
intermingle from the neighborhood of Dry Lake (altitude 2775
meters) to the very summit. Ascending the mountain from
Dry Lake one passes through pure forests of these two pines.
Even the floor, which is composed of loose broken granitic rock,
is almost bare of vegetation. Continuing upward the trees be-
come fewer and more reduced in stature until it is difficult to
walk beneath their gnarled branches. Finally, as the summit is
approached, they become prostrate shrubs with such stiff compact
branches that one may tramp over them with little dificulty. On
the summit of Mount Pinos, where Pinus Murrayana has not been
recorded, Pinus flexilis is found intermingling with Abies concolor
and other upper Transition species. In fact it is impossible to
detect two distinct belts of these two pines on any of the moun-
tains. Notwithstanding the fact, therefore, that there are traces
of Arctic-alpine plants, the only logical treatment demands that
all the Boreal Region of southern California be placed in the
Canadian Zone.

In addition to the localities mentioned there is a fringe of the
Canadian Zone on the western borders of Bear Valley, and Bluff
Lake. Pinus Murrayana grows rather abundantly here, the
lowest altitude (zoro meters) reached by this species in southern
California.

he characteristic trees and shrubs are:

Pinus flexilis Ribes montigenum
Pinus Murrayana Sericotheca concolor
Populus tremuloides Phyllodoce Breweri

Salix glaucops

Sericotheca concolor and Phyllodoce Breweri extend northward
through the Sierra Nevada to the southern Cascade Mountains,
and to the mountains of western Nevada. All the remaining
species extend to the Rocky Mountains, and one, Populus tremu-
loides, to the northern Atlantic. The geographical distribution
of these species demonstrates the intimate relation the flora of
this zone bears to that of the more northern parts of North America.

The origin of a boreal flora on these isolated southern mountain
peaks is traceable to the influence of the Glacial Period. During
that period central and southern California possessed a climate
similar to that found to-day in the Puget Sound region. Perpet-

(310)

ual snow and glaciation extended down the mountain slopes to
approximately 1800 meters altitude. The Canadian Zone, there-
fore, probably was as low as goo meters or even lower, forming
an unbroken belt, with the possible exception of San Gorgonio Pass,
from the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir Mountain. The
receding of the ice and the consequent northern and upward
migration of the plants left these isolated remnants stranded on
the higher peaks.

From the standpoint of regional distribution it is significant
that only one species, Populus tremuloides, extends east of the

ocky Mountains. It argues that an eastern and western area
should be recognized.

AUSTRAL REGION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Austral Region occupies nearly the entire area of southern
California, in the midst of which, on the tips of the highest moun-
tain peaks, are situated the small isolated areas of typical Boreal.
The three zones of the region are distinctly defined over large
areas, but on account of great local variations in climatological
conditions, due to slope exposure, sea-breezes, desert winds or
other influences, isolated patches of a zone may be found far
beyond its normal range.

TRANSITION ZONE

The Transition Zone, which is best characterized by the yellow
pine (Pinus ponderosa), includes the principal forested area of the
mountains. Its average range of altitude is from 1500 to 2700
meters, but deviations from this, chiefly due to slope exposure,
are often considera

The forests are eaaeail coniferous with a few scattered oaks,
and along streams, poplars, willows, alders and maples. They
are usually open and park-like, with a sparsely grass-covered
floor, or with growths of low underbrush, which in rocky exposed
places often develop into chaparral.

Approximately 50 species of trees and shrubs have been re-
corded within the Transition Zone, of which the following are
characteristic:

Pinus Lambertiana Ceanothus integerrimus puberulus
Pinus ponderosa Ceanothus Palmert

Burr. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vou. VI. PL. C.

SSS

Swau

SS

BEAR VALLEY, SAN BERNARDINO

JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS.
MOUNTAINS.

Pri. D.

Vot. VI.

Buti. N. Y. Bot. GARD.

MOUNT PINOS.

PINUS PONDEROSA JEFFREYI.

(311)

Pinus ponderosa Jeffreyi Cornus Nuttallii
Pinus Coulteri Azalea occidentale
Abies concolor Uva-ursi Parryana
Heyderia decurrens * Uva-ursi patula

* Juniperus occidentalis Uva-ursi Pringlei

*Salix Scouleriana *Leptodactylon Hookeri
Quercus Kelloggit Eriodictyon Parryt

* Castanopsis sempervirens amona pachystachya
Ribes nevadensis Penistemon jaciniensis
Rubus leucodermis Sambucus mexicana
Rubacer velutinus *Symphoricarpus Parishti
Cercocarpus ledifolius Chrysothamnus stenophyllus
Cercis occidentalis Artemesia tridentata

* Ceanothus cordulatus Tetradymia canescens

The species designated by an asterisk (*) are confined to the upper
parts of the Transition and extend into the Canadian Zone.

A study of the geographical distribution of the species found
in the Transition Zone shows that about sixty per cent. are limited
to California (including San Pedro Martir Mountain) or extend
only into the southern part of the Cascade Mountains; fifteen
per cent. extend northward along the Coast or the Cascade Moun-
tains of Oregon and Washington; ten per cent. are common to
California and the Great Basin, and twelve per cent. occur through-
out the Western Arid Area.

To express the eR aa i ae conditions of this zone ac-
curately it is evident that the divisions must reckon with the
large percentage of ae Californian or endemic species. The
simple statement that the flora belongs to the Transition Zone,
as is usually the case, or that it is in the Western Arid Area, is
misleading, as many of the species are not found in other parts
of these divisions. It is essential that the areas recognized by
Merriam, and based upon moisture, be divided int o sub-areas,
which are chiefly the result of a third factor—g p | segregation.

Without undertaking a discussion of the Ga Western Arid
Area, the California mountains, on account of the large number
of endemic genera and species, are recognized as a distinct division
of the area. This may be termed the Sierran Sub-area.

The Sierran Sub-area is best characterized by Pinus ponderosa
Jeffreyi, Pinus Lambertiana and Heyderia decurrens. Its geo-
graphical limits on the north are most satisfactorily defined by

(312)

the Klamath Gap. South of this gap the Sub-area occupies the
Transition Zone of the Sierra Nevada and the inner Coast Ranges
of central California, and extends through the mountains of south-
ern California to Mount San Pedro Martir.

n the Sierra Nevada the Transition Zone is fairly continuous,
extending almost unbroken from the north Coast Ranges around
the head of the Sacramento Valley, and southward along the west-
ern slopes of the Sierra Nevada. The southern inner Coast
Ranges and the mountains of southern California, on the other
hand, are composed of isolated ranges. Hence great gaps occur
in the Transition Zone of these ranges, which form barriers
to the migration of species. Each of these sections is usually
represented by several peculiar species, while others are con-
spicuous by their absence. The Sierran Sub-area separates, there-
fore, into three natural divisions, the Sierra Nevada District, the
South Coast Range District, and the San Bernardino District.
The latter includes the Transition Zone of the San Gabriel and
San Bernardino ranges, and the mountains southward to San
Pedro Martir. In this district there are several endemic species,
such as Acer bernardinum, Ceanothus integerrimus puberulus, and
Ceanothus Palmeri, while many of the species common in the
northern districts are absent.

Upper Austra ZONE
General description.— The Upper Austral Zone in southern
California is ae ase wholly by the Upper Sonoran Area,
which include two distinct sections, the coastal slope and the

different floral elements. The coastal slope species are predom-
inantly Californian, while many of those on the desert slopes
belong to the Great Basin element.

Coastal slope-——The coastal slope of southern California is
separated from the more northern parts of the Californian Sub-
area® along the seaboard by Point Conception. The coast to

5The California Sub-area, which is equivalent to Engler’s “Innerkalifornische”
zone of the HWestamenibanische Wisten- und Steppenprovinz,” is that part
of the Upper Sonoran Area which lies west of the Aes Nev ada divide, and

. name

used by Parish (/. ¢.) includes parts of two zones, which seems illogical.

PL. E.

Vou. VI.

Bor. Garp.

N.Y.

BULL.

TOPATOPA MOUNTAINS.

PSEUDOTSUJA MACROCARPA AND CHAPARRAL.

(333 )

the southward of this promontory turns directly eastward for
125 kilometers or more, paralleling the cross ranges which lie only
a few miles distant. The coastal country is therefore protected
from the northwest coast winds, and its warm southern slopes form
a striking contrast to the cold bleak wind-swept mesas and hills
about the promontory. A natural barrier is thus formed where
a large number of species meet their southern or northern limits.

South of Point Conception the entire coastal slope below the
Transition Zone belongs to the Upper Sonoran, except the interior
valleys and the southwestern part of San Diego County which
are Lower Sonoran.

Within this area, which we shall term the Southern California
District, are over 100 species of trees and shrubs. study
of the geographical distribution of these species shows that only
four extend eastward as far as the Rocky Mountains, less than
ten per cent. north to the Columbia River, and about the same
number east to the Great Basin and Arizona. Nearly all the
remaining species, or fully two ean of the entire number are
confined to the California Sub-area, and of these about forty
are chiefly confined to the Southern "California District.

e most characteristic species of the Southern California
District is Pseudotsuga macrocarpa. The geographical limits of
this conifer almost coincide with those of the district. It does not
extend northward beyond the Santa Ynez Mountains, nor beyond
Fort Tejon in the mountains connecting with the Sierra Nevada.
It is confined, however, to the upper altitudes, extending even into
the Transition Zone.

The following trees and shrubs are characteristic of the Southern
California District, being almost or wholly confined within its
boundaries:

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa * Ceanothus Orcuttit
Juglans californica Ceanothus megacarpus
Eriogonum cinereum eanothus crassifolius
Eriogonum fasciculatum folio- Vitis Girdiana
losum alacothamnus fasciculatus
Atriplex Breweri Malacothamnus Nuitallii
* Clematis pauciflora Styrax californica flavescens
Odostemon Nevinii Leptodactylon californicum glan-

Ribes indecorum
Grossularia amara * Eriodictyon crasstfolium

(314)

Grossularia hesperia
Grossularia Parishii
* Adenositoma sparstfolium
osa Alderson
* Xylothermia montana tomentosa
Lupinus longifolius
Lupinus Halli
Rhamnus pilosa
Ceanothus spinosus

Trichostema Parishit

Pentstemon cordifolius
* Penstemon ternatus
Pentstemon antirrhinoides
Lonicera subspicata denudata
Ericameria cuneata spathulata

Ceanothus divaricatus eglandu- Ericameria Parishit

losus Baccharis Plummerae

Ceanothus oliganthus

The species designated by an asterisk (*) are restricted to the
southern part of the district.

The general character of the vegetation is typical of a warm
temperate climate which possesses moist cool winters and hot
dry summers. ‘The predominant plants are evergreen xerophyllous
shrubs with small thick leathery leaves of a dull or grayish- “green
color. ey are invariably stiff compact growers, forming im-
penetrable thickets that spread over the mountainsides in almost
unbroken masses for many miles.

The diversity of the flora, however, is considerable. The prox-
imity of the sea and the irregularities of the topography, together
with the resultant climatic conditions, are factors that have aide
in the development of several sub-districts with distinctive floral
features. Three of these floral sub-districts are recognized: the
Littoral, the Coastal, and the Interior. The first of these sub-
districts is the territory the within immediate influence of the sea,
the second comprises the fog belt, and the third the chaparral
belt of the interior mountains and foothills which are more or
less cut off from the direct influence of the sea-breeze by hills or
low mountains. Where passes or other connections exist between
the Interior and the Coastal Sub-district the floral changes are
gradual and difficult to separate.

The Littoral Sub-district is confined to the immediate proximity
of the sea, and is composed of four formations: the beach, the
sand-dune, the salt-marsh, and the bluff. The number of shrubby
plants wholly limited to this sub-district is small, Eriogonum
parvifolium, Lupinus Chamissonis, and Ericameria ericoides on

the sand-dunes, and Atriplex Breweri on the bluffs and edges of

(315)

salt-marshes being the complete list.6 Of these strictly maritime
species, Eriogonum parvifolium extends northward to Monterey,
and Atriplex Breweri to Santa Barbara. The other species are
also confined to the California coast, but extend farther northward
into northern California.

he Coastal Sub-district comprises the valleys and rolling hills
along the coast, and the coast slope of the foothills and mountains
which separate them from the interior valleys. Its inland boun-
dary extends along the southern slope of the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, the coast slope of the mountains of Ventura County, and
southward through the San Fernando and Santa Monica Moun-
tains to the Santa Ana Mountains, thence along the western slope
of the Palomar Mountains where it blends with the Interior Sub-
district.

The principal plant formations of this area are the mesa and
rolling hills, the alluvial, the oak-grove, the canyon, and the chap-
arral. ‘The mesas and rolling grassy hills are characterized chiefly
by the absence of woody plants rather than by any peculiar species.
Along the inner boundary of this formation and merging with the
Interior Sub-district are park-like groves of oaks. North of the
Santa Monica Mountains, along their northern base, and in the
Simi, Newhall and Ojai Valleys handsome trees of Quercus lobata
abound. ‘This species does not extend south of the Santa Monica
Mountains, but its place south of this range is taken by Quercus
Engelmannit which, together with Quercus agrifolia, covers con-
siderable area about Pasadena, Santa Anita, and Fallbrook.

The following trees and shrubs are mostly confined to the Coastal
Sub-district:

Myrica californica Malacothamnus Nuttallit

Juglans californica
Quercus lobata
Quercus Engelmannti
Grossularia speciosa
Grossularia amara
Sericotheca franciscana
Lupinus longifolius

Ceanothus spinosus
Ceanothus sorediatus
Ceanothus oliganthus
Ceanothus megacarpus
Arbutus Menziesit
Trichostema lanatum
amona niveum

‘In addition to these true shrubs there are a number of suffrutescent peren-
nials that are also confined to this sub-district. Among these may be men-
tioned Cheiranthus suffrutescens, Sphacrostigma viridescens, Batis maritima,
and Salicornia ambigua

(316)

Polygala californica Lonicera Ledebourit
Acer californicum Baccharts pilularis
Lithraea laurina Baccharis Plummerae

A large percentage of these species, which are chiefly confined
to the northern part of the sub-district, are common in northern
California. They simply reach their southern limit within this
sub-district. In this connection the influence of the Santa Monica
Mountains should not be passed by unnoticed. This cross range
although seldom reaching a higher altitude than 750 meters, exerts
a marked influence on the northern and southern distribution of
plants along the coast. The two oaks, Quercus lobaia and Quercus
Engelmannit, are notable examples of species that are checked by
this range in their northerly or southerly distribution. Several
northern shrubs, such as Myrica californica and Baccharis pilu-
laris, do not occur south of this range.

e Interior Sub-district occupies the foothills and the
typical chaparral of the interior mountains which are shut off
from the direct influence of the sea-breeze by hills or low moun-
tains. The western boundary is outlined by the Coastal Sub-
district, and its inland by the Transition Zone of the higher
mountains, or by the deserts in the lower mountains and passes.
This sub-district extends from the Liebre Mountains southeast-
ward along the coastal slope of the San Gabriel, the San Bernardino,
the San Jacinto, and the Culamaca mountain

The chaparral, of which the sub-district is eee wholly com-
posed, is separated into several altitudinal belts. These alti-
tudinal floral changes are very evident to one ascending any of
the mountain trails. Along the base of the mountains, sometimes
extending up their slopes several hundred feet and out over the
footslopes, is a belt intermediate between the Upper and Lower
Sonoran. Here the prevailing plants are Ramona stachioides,
Eriogonum fasciculatum foliolosum and Senecio Douglasii. Ascend-
ing the steep mountain slopes one passes into the typical chaparral.
Adenostoma fasciculatum prevails through the lower altitudes in
the eastern part of the San Gabriel Mountains, and in the San
Bernardino and the San Jacinto Mountains, but on the Mount
Wilson trail, which is intermediate between the Coastal and the
Interior Sub-districts, Quercus dumosa and Ceanothus crassifolius
are the predominating species. Further up the slopes these species
gradually give way to others, of which Ceanothus divaricatus

“SNIVLNOOW ONIGUVNUGT NVS ‘NOANVD NVWUELVM ‘VITOSIAWOHAY SON TV

“a “Id ‘IA “10, ‘duvg ‘Log ‘(ACN ‘T1ag

(317)

eglandulosus, Uva-ursi tomentosa, and, in the San Bernardino
Mountains, Uva-ursi pungens, are perhaps the most characteristic.

altitudes and extends into the lower part of the Transition Zone.

n the canyons, Quercus chrysolepis, Acer macrophyllum and
Umbellularia californica seldom descend lower than 750 meters;
but Alnus rhombifolia often follows living streams into the
edges of the valleys. atanus racemosa is mostly confined to
the lower altitudes, and occurs on the canyon floors, often following
the washes well out into the valleys.

The following trees and shrubs are mainly restricted to the
Interior Sub-district:

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Ceanothus crasstfolius
ibes indecorum Uva-ursi pungens
Adenostoma sparstfolium Trichostema Parishit
ylothermia montana tomentosa Pentsiemon. ternatus
Lupinus Halli Penistemon antirrhinoides
Ceanothus divaricatus eglandulosus Ericameria Parishit

Desert slopes —The Upper Sonoran Area on the desert slopes of
the mountains is commonly called the pifion and juniper belts,
the two conifers, Pinus monophylla and / uniperus californica
being the most characteristic species. The pifon occurs in the
upper altitudes of the zone (1200-1800 meters). The juniper,
on the other hand, occupies the lower altitudes (go0-1200 meters),
and along the lower edges of the belt mingles with the yuccas and
other shrubs characteristic of the Lower Sonoran.’ In the Provi-
dence Mountains Juniperus utahensis replaces J uniperus cali-
fornica. This is the only locality where this species enters into
our territory, but in the Panamint Mountains it also replaces
Juniperus californica, and extends from there eastward over south-

n Nevada and Utah. Each of these species may be considered
as representing a distinct floral district.

everal trees and shrubs which belong properly to the Intra-
montane district penetrate through Tejon Pass and extend in a
7The juniper belt is retained in the Upper Sonoran with reluctance, for
over a large part of the belt the associating species are predominantly Lower
Sonoran. On the coastal slope if we found the juniper at all we should expect
it in the Upper Sonoran, if it actually belongs in that zone, but instead it
occurs only in the Lower Sonoran of the interior valleys.

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narrow belt along the western slope of Antelope Valley. The
normal flora of the desert slopes is modified in this section by the
presence of such species as Pinus Sabiniana, Quercus Douglasit,
Grossularia quercetorum and Aesculus californica.

ong the Mexican Boundary a number of Peninsular species
enter the flora in the pinion belt. Of these Pinus guadrifolia is the
most noteworthy. This nut pine, which almost entirely replaces
Pinus monophylla a few miles below the international boundary,
occurs sparingly as far north as the Santa Rosa Mountains.

e following are the characteristic Upper Sonoran trees and
shrubs of the desert slopes:

* Pinus monophylla Isomerts arborea globosa
*Pinus quadrifolia *Kunzia glandulosa
Juniperus californica *Rhamnus cuspidata
Juniperus utahensis * Ceanothus vestitus
Ephedra viridis Malacothamnus Fremontii
*Quercus Alvordiana *Fremontodendron californicum
*Quercus Dunnit Fraxinus velutinus
*Quercus turbinella raxinus anomala
Eriogonum fasciculatum polifolium Diplacus aridis
*Eriogonum Heermanti tenotopsis interior

*Odostemon Fremontii
The species designated by an asterisk (*) are confined to the
upper or pifon belt

Lower AustRAL ZONE

General description—-The Lower Austral Zone in southern
California is represented by the Lower Sonoran Area. It includes
all of the desert regions below the juniper belt, and protrudes
through the lower passes into the hot interior valleys of the coastal
slope. It also extends northward along the coast of Lower Cali-
fornia to the vicinity of San Diego.

Three floral elements enter into the composition of the Lower
Sonoran in southern California, the Great Basin, the Sonoran,
and the Peninsular. In the Mohave Desert many of the chav.
teristic species are of the Great Basin element, in the Colorado
Desert the Sonoran and the Peninsular species predominate,
and at San Diego the Peninsular. Unfortunately the Lower
Sonoran Area has not been sufficiently explored to warrant its
division into sub-areas. Each of the southern California sections

Butt. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vou. VI. Pu. G.

PINUS SABINIANA. OAKGROVE CANYON, LIEBRE MOUNTAINS.

“AGTIVA ONIGUVNUAL NYS SSOUOV LSVAHLUON ONINOOT

‘H "Td ‘IA “10A ‘auvy ‘Log ‘A ‘N ‘T1Ing

(319 )

of the zone will be discussed, therefore, without an attempt to
assign them to definite floral districts.

Interior valleys —In the San Fernando, the San Bernardino,
and the San. Jacinto Valleys, the fan-like footslopes that spread
over the valleys from the bases of the steep mountain slopes, and
the dry washes leading from the mouths of the canyons give rise
on their semi-arid gravelly slopes to a low shrubby type of vege-
tation resembling that of the desert in its xerophytic habit. The
upper parts of the footslopes, as has been previously stated, are
intermediate between the Upper and the Lower Sonoran, but the
dry washes produce a typical Lower Sonoran flora, that often
spreads over the greater part of the footslopes.

Following is a list of characteristic Lower Sonoran trees and
shrubs of the interior valleys:

Salix vallicola

Populus Fremontii
*Strombicarpus pubescens
*Prosopis glandulosa

Opuntia bernardina
Opuntia Covillei
*Chilopsis linearis

Gutierrezia divergens
Ericameria pintfolia

* Encelia farinosa
Vigutera Parish
Bebbia juncea
Lepidospartum squamatum
Tetradymia comosa

The species designated by an asterisk (*) occur only in the
eastern end of the San Bernardino Valley or in the San Jacinto
Valley, and of these only Encelia farinosa is common.

San Diego district—A large number of peninsular species of
shrubs and herbaceous plants extend into southwestern San Diego
County which give a floral aspect quite unlike that of other parts
of the coastal slope.

The following is a list of peninsular or desert species recorded
from the vicinity of San Diego:
Ephedra californica
Yucca mohavensis
Atriplex canescens
Isomeris arborea

Opuntia prolifera

Opuntia californica

Lycium Richit

Lycium Andersonu Wrightir

Prosopis velutina
Cneoridium dumosum
Acalypha californica
Tricherostigma miserum
Simmondsia californica
Adolphia californica

Lycium californicum
Hymenoclea monogyra
Gaertneria chenopodifolia
Iva Hindsiana

Viguiera laciniata

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In addition to the typical Lower Sonoran species there are a
number of other shrubby species peculiar to the San Diego region
which are often the principal components of the chaparral. These
species are: Cercocarpus minutiflora, Adenostoma fasciculatum ob-
tusifolium, Ceanothus verrucosus, Xylococcus bicolor, and Coma-
rostaphylis diversifolia. Pinus Torreyana is also restricted to this,
with the exception of a small grove on Santa Rosa Island.

Mohave Desert—The Lower Sonoran Area occupies nearly the
entire area of the Mohave Desert, only in the upper altitudes of
the mountains is it replaced by the juniper and pion belts of the
Upper Sonoran. Wherever the soil conditions are favorable
Covillea tridentata predominates. This shrub, commonly known
as the “creosote bush,” is the most characteristic species of the
entire Lower Sonoran Area, at least in the arid parts; but, on
account of its wide range and its association in the various regions
with markedly different floral elements, it cannot be utilized in
segregating phytogeographical districts.

Along the upper edges of the Covillea belt, and often extending
into the edges of the juniper belt, are a number of characteristic
desert shrubs, such as Grayia spinosa, Tetradymia spinosa, Tetra-
dymia stenolepis, Amygdalus Fremontit and Adelia neo-mexicana.
Associated with these is the tree yucca (Cleistoyucca arborescens),
locally known as the “Joshua tree.” The great stretches of this
desert yucca that spread over the gradually sloping plains resemble
ee orchard tracts, and form a prominent feature of the
landse

The following Lower Sonoran trees and shrubs have been re-
corded in the Mohave Desert within the limits of our territory:

* Ephedra nevadensis *Echinocactus Lecontei

* Ephedra californica *Echinocactus polycephalus

* Yucca mohavensis Menodora spinescens
Cleistoyucca arborescens Adelia neo-mexicana

* Populus Fremontit Ramona pilosa

*Salix vallicola Ramona capitata

*Salix argophylla *Lyctum Cooperi
Eriogonum Plumatella Lyctum Andersonit

* Airiplex lentiformis Salazaria mexicana

* Atriplex polycarpa *Chilopsis linearis

* Atriplex confertifolia * Hymenoclea Salsola

Atriplex Parryi Gaertneria eriocentra

PL. I.

VoL. VL

Buu. N. Y. Bor. Garp.

MOHAVE DESERT.

CLEISTOYUCCA ARBORESCENS.

Bui. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vou. VI. PL. J.

Fic. z.
OLNEYA TESOTA. SIGNAL MOUNTAIN.

( 321 )

* Atriplex hymenelytra *Gaertneria dumosa

* Atriplex canescens * Hofmeisteria pluriseta
Atriplex Torreyi *Coleosanthus atractyloides
Grayia spinosa Coleosanthus incana

* Furotia lanata *Coleosanthus linifolia

* Allenrolfia occidentalis *Coleosanthus desetorum
Sarcobatus vermiculatus Coleosanthus ee
Lepidium Fremontit Gutterrezia Luci

*Isomeris arborea *Acamptopappus aie

*Isomeris arborea globosa phalus

*Isomeris arborea angustata *Stenotopsis interior
Fallugia paradoxa Ericameria monactis
Cowania Stansburiana Acamhiacyris Fremontit

*Coleogyne ramosissima *Chrysothamnus teretifolius
Kunsia glandulosa hrysothamnus mohavensis

gdalus Fremontti *Chrysothamnus occidentalis

*Strombocarpus pubescens *Baccharis Emoryi

* Prosopis glandulosa * Baccharis sergilioides

* Krameria parvifolia * Baccharis glutinosa
Parosela arborescens * Pluchea sericea

* Parosela californica * Bebbia juncea aspera
Parosela Fremontit * Viguiera Parishi
Parosela Saunderst *Encelia actont

* Covillea tridentata *Encelia frutescens

*Thamnosma montanum Artemesia Parishii

*Opuntia ramosissima * Lepidospartum squamatum

*Opuntia Bigelovit * Peucephyllum Schotiit

*Opuntia acanthocarpa Tetradymia glabrata

*Opuntia echinocarpa Tetradymia stenolepis

*Opuntia Covillei Tetradymia spinosa

*Opuntia chlorotica

The species designated by an asterisk (*) also occur in the
Colorado Desert.

Colorado Desert——Covillea is also the predominant plant over
the dry mesas of the Colorado Desert. Above this belt is an area
corresponding to the yucca belt of the Mohave Desert, but com-
prising a very different group of plants,® of which Agave deserti
is the most characteristic.

8Parish, Bot. Gaz. 36: 222. 1903.

(322 )

In addition to the species common to both deserts the following
are found only in the Colorado Desert:

Neowashingtonia fulamentosa Olneya Tesota
Nolina Parryt Condalia Parryi
Prosopis velutina Foquieria splendens
Acacia Gregeti amona Vaseyt
Parkinsonia aculeata Beloperone californica
Parkinsonia microphylla Gaertneria ilictfolia
Cercidium Torreyana Coleosanthus frutescens
Krameria Grayi Gutierrezia bracteata
Parosela Emoryi Ericameria brachylepis
Parosela Schottit Baccharis sarothroides
Parosela spinosa Encelia farinosa

A study of the geographical distribution of the species not
common to both deserts shows that the Mohave Desert species
are of the Great Basin element, most of them being common to
southern Nevada, southern Utah and northern Arizona, and
that the species restricted to the Colorado Desert are of southern
origin, and extend into Lower California, southwestern Arizona
and northwestern Sonora.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Pirate A
Relief map of California, from the original model by N. F. Drake. Pub-
lished through the courtesy of the Department of Geology of Leland Stanford
Jr. University.

Puate B
y Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 3180 meters, ae a
pure forest of Pinus Murrayana and Pinus flexilis. Canadian Zone

Juniperus occidentalis, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude
2230 meters. Transition Zone.
Prate D
Open park-like forest of Pinus ponderosa Jeffreyi, Mount Pinos, altitude
2300 meters. Transition Zone
Piate E
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa intermingling with the chaparral, Topatopa
Mountains, altitude 1800 meters. Upper Austral Zone.

Puate F

Alnus rhombifolia, Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, alti-
tude about 1200 meters. Upper Austral Zone

(323)

Pirate G
Pinus Sabiniana, Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, altitude 1400
meters. Upper Austral Zone.
Piate H
Looking northeast across San Bernardino Valley, with Slover Mountain
in the foreground and the San Bernardino Mountains in the distance. The
valley is Lower Austral; the chaparral-covered slopes of the distant moun-
tains, Upper Austral; the forests on the summits, Transition.

Pruate I

Cleistoyucca arborescens, Mohave Desert, between Mohave and Lancaster,
altitude about 800 meters. Lower Austral Zone.

Puate J
Fig. 1. Covillea dei ae Willow Springs, Antelope Valley, altitude
ean 840 meters. Lower Austral Zone

2. Olneya ae eastern base at Signal Mountain, Colorado Desert,
Pre. about sea level. Lower Austral Zone.

ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA TREES AND SHRUBS

PINACEAE. Pine Famity.

Leaves usually fascicled, surrounded at base by a sheath; cones maturing
the second year, 1. Pinus.
Leaves not fascicled, without basal sheath; cones maturing ss first year
Cones pendulous; leaves short-petioled. S Piene ube:
Cones erect; leaves sessile. ri 7

1. PINUS. Pine.

Sheaths deaduous: leaves with 1 fibro-vascular bundle.
eaves in 5’s.
Leaves slender, 8-10 cm. long; cones ae 20-40 cm. long;
wing of seed 2 cm. lon P. Lambertiana.
Leaves rigid, 3-6 cm. ae cones oval, a? cm. long; wing a narrow
ring, I mm. broad. 2. P. flexilis.
Leaves 1-4 in a cluster; cones globose; scales much thickened; seeds

arge.
Leaves ses in 4’s. : P. quadrifolta.
Leaves solit 4. P. monophylla.

Sheaths Pe oe with 2 fibro-vascular sic
Leaves in 5’s, wing thickened. . P. Torreyana,
Leaves in 2’s or 3’s; wing thin.
Leaves in 3’s.
Cones aaa scales tipped with a prickle.
s 7-12 cm. long. 6. P. ponderosa.

(324)

Cones 12-25 cm. long. 6a. P. ponderosa Jeffreyi.
Cones more persistent; scales tapering to stout incurved points.
Leaves grayish-green, drooping; cones chestnut brown,

1 P.

oval, 15-25 cm. long. 7. Sabiniana
Leaves ais Lie erect; cones yellowish-brown, ioags oval,
25- 35.¢ 8. P. Coultert.

Leaves in 2’s.
Cones deciduous, opening at ne
P. Murrayana.
Cones persistent for years, not opening at maturity.
10. attenuata.
1. Pinus LamBertiana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 15: 500. 1827.

Pinus Lambertiana minor Lemmon, Second Bienn. Rep. Calif.

State Forest. 70, 83. 1888.

Type locality: On the head waters of the Umpqua River.

Distribution: The Sugar pine is characteristic of the Sierran
District. It occurs from central Oregon southward to San Pedro
Martir Mountain, Lower California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 4196; Swartout Val-
ley, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &% McGregor 650; Mount San
Antonio, Abrams 2701; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Leiberg 3141; Mount San Gorgonio, Dian, 1897; moun-
tains east of San Diego, Parry, 1850.

2. Pinus FLExILIs James, Long’s Exped. 2: 27. 1823.

Type locality: ‘“Inhabits the arid plains subjacent to the Rocky
Mountains, and extends up their sides to the region of perpetual
rost

Distribution: The limber pine occurs on the eastern slopes of
the continental divide from Alberta to western Texas, and ranges
westward over the mountains of Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, northern
New Mexico, northern Arizona and southeastern California. In
California it is found along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada
south of Mono Pass, on the Inyo and Panamint Mountains, and
on some of the higher peaks of southern California as noted below.
It is characteristic of the Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Summit of Mount Pinos, Abrams &F Mc-
Gregor 243; North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &F Mc-
Gregor 605; Dry Lake, Mount San Gorgonio, altitude 2800 meters,
Abrams t@ McGregor 785; near the summit of Mount San Gor-
gonio, Abrams & McGregor 748; Leiberg 3270.

(325 )

Pinus monticola and Pinus albicaulis have been reported from
southern California, but I have not seen any specimens, and their
presence within our range is doubtful.

3. Pinus quaprirouia Parry; Parl. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2:
402. 1868

Pinus parryana Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II, 34: 332. 1862.
Not Gord. 1858.
Type locality: “On the mountains east of San Diego.”
Distribution: Parry’s pine occupies a belt on the mountains
of northern Lower California corresponding to that of P. mono-
phylla on the mountains bordering the Mohave Desert, It ex-
tends northward, sparingly, along the desert slope to the Santa
Rosa Mountains of southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Coyote Canyon, Santa Rosa Mountains,
Leiberg 3164; Hall 2139; mountains east of San Diego, Parry,
1850; near Walker’s ranch, between Campo and Jacumba Hot
Spring, Vasey, 1880.

4. Pinus MONOPHYLLA Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 319,
pl. 4. 1845.

Pinus Fremontiana Endl. Syn. Conif. 183. 1847, in part.

Type locality: “Extensively diffused over the mountains of
northern California from long. 111° to 120°, and through a con-
siderable range of latitude.”

Distribution: The pifion is characteristic of the Great Basin
district. It extends over the mountains of the Great Basin,
ranging westward to the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and
southward along the desert slopes of the southern California moun-
tains to the northern border of Lower California. In southern
California the pinon forms a distinct belt along the northern
slopes of the San Gabriel and the San Bernardino Mountains,
ranging from 1000 to 1500 meters in altitude. South of the San
Bernardino Mountains it becomes rare and finally is superseded by
P. quadrifolia near the Mexican boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3983; near the Frazier
Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, Abrams 8 McGregor 269; Mutau Flat,
head of Piru Creek, Abrams & McGregor 186; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 669; between Bear
Valley and Cushenberry Spring, Abrams 2136; Morongo King

( 326)

Mine, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 3456; eastern slope of
Mount San Jacinto, 800 meters, Leiberg 3163.

5. Pinus Torreyana Parry, Bot. Mex. Bound. 210, pl. 58, 59.
1859.

Pinus lophosperma Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1860: 46. 1860.

Type locality; “Bluffs near the mouth of Solidad Creek, 10
miles north of San Diego, California.”

Distribution: The Del Mar or Torrey pine has the most re-
stricted range of any pine in North America. It extends along
the coast in the vicinity of Soledad River, San Diego County, for
about 8 miles and inland 2 or 3 miles. In addition to this one
locality it has been found only on the east end of Santa Rosa
Island. Upper Sonoran or Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Rosa Island, Blanche Trask, Oct.
1900; Soledad, Pringle, April 26, 1882; Dudley, July 24, 1899.

6. Pinus ponpEerosa Dougl.; Lawson, Man. Agr. 354. 1836.

Type locality: Washington, on the Spokane River, according
to Piper.

Distribution: The western yellow pine is the most charac-
teristic tree of the Western Arid Area of the Transition Zone,
extending from British Columbia southward to western New
Mexico and southern California. In southern California this pine
is common throughout the Transition Zone of all the mountain
ranges.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams €& McGregor 478; Tejon Pass, Coville &% Funston 1223;
Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1500
meters, Abrams (F McGregor, July 14, 1908.

6a. Pinus PONDEROSA JEFFREYI (Murray) Vasey, Rep. Com. Agr.
1875: 179. 1876.

Pinus Jeffreyi Murray, Rep. Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2, pl. rz. 1853.
Pinus deflexa Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 209. 1859.

Type locality: “Shasta Valley, N. California.”

Distribution: Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon southward
through the Sierra Nevada and southern California to San Pedro
Martir. The separation of this pine from typical Pinus ponderosa

(327)

is often dificult in southern California. Some trees with plated
bark have small cones, and others have cones fully as large as any of
the variety. Both extremes also occur on trees with the darker
furrowed bark. In almost any locality, but especially in the
vicinity of Green Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, it is possible
to gather a series of cones ranging in size from the typical to that
of the variety.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Abrams to McGregor 241;
Mount San Gorgonio, Dutton, 1897; mountains east of San Diego,
Parry, 1850.

7. Pinus Sapintana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 749. 1833.

Type locality: Indefinite, but probably from the mountains
near San Juan Mission, Monterey County. Douglas forwarded
his paper in which this species was described from this place.

Distribution: The digger pine is characteristic of the Intra-
montane District, occupying a distinct belt below the Sierran
District on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, and on the
inner Coast Ranges. A few trees penetrate through Tejon Pass
and extend southward along the western margin of Antelope
Valley to Elizabeth Lake, Liebre Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,
Abrams 8 McGregor 309.

8. Pinus Couttreri Lamb. in Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 440.
1837.
Pinus macrocarpa Lindl. Bot. Reg. Misc. 61. 1840.
Pinus Sabiniana Coultert Don; Loud. Arb. et Fruti. 4: 2250.
1838
Type locality: “On the mountains of Santa Lucia near the
Mission of San Antonio, in latitude 36°, within sight of the sea
and at an elevation of from 3000 to 4000 feet above the sea.”
Distribution: Coulter’s pine occurs in the Coast Ranges of
California from the vicinity of Mount Diablo south to the Cuiamaca
Mountains. In southern California it is scattered, usually spar-
ingly, through the coniferous forests of the San Gabriel, the San
Bernardino, the San Jacinto and the Cuiamaca Mountains. In
the latter range it forms considerable forest around Julian. Tran-
sition.

( 328 )

Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4315; Deep Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
2067; The Pines, Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams &% McGregor 811; Santa Ana Mountains, near Elsinore,
Dutton, 1897; near Julian, Cuiamaca Mountains, Vasey, June, 1880.

g. Pinus Murrayana Balfour, Rep. Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2, pl. 3,
853.

Pinus contorta Murrayana Engelm. Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880.

Type locality: “On the Siskiyou Mountains.”

Distribution: The lodge-pole pine extends from southern
Alaska south and east to southern Colorado and Utah, and on
the Pacific Coast along the higher altitudes of the mountain
ranges to Mt. San Pedro Martir, Lower California. In southern
California it is confined to the Canadian Zone, seldom being found
below 2400 meters.

Specimens examined: North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 624; Mount San Antonio, Abrams 1946; Bear
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, 4brams 2080; Mount San Gor-
gonio, Leiberg 3280; Abrams & McGregor 78r.

ro. Pinus aTTENUATA Lemmon, Gard. & Forest 5: 65. 1892.

Pinus californica Hartw. Journ. Hort. Soc. 2: 189. 1847. Not

Loisel. 1812.

Pinus tuberculata Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. 4: 218. 1849. Not

Don 37.

Type locality: “To the south of Monterey, in lat. 36°, near
the level of the sea, and growing almost to the beach.”? The
locality given here is that for P. tuberculata, since P-. attenuata
was based upon that species.

Distribution: The knob-cone pine extends from Mackenzie
River, Oregon to the San Bernardino Mountains. In southern
California it is limited to a narrow belt along the southern slope
of the San Bernardino Mountains in the vicinity of the City Creek
Canyon. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Bernardino Mountains, on the City
Creek road, altitude 875 meters, Abrams 2802,

(329)

z. PSEUDOTSUGA. Dovctas Fir.

1. PszupoTsuGa Macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr. Wald. Nordam. 278.
1890.
Abies Douglasit macrocarpa Torr. Ives Rep. 28. 186r.
Abies macrocarpa Vasey, Gard. Monthly 1876: 22. 1876,
Pseudotsuga Douglasii macrocarpa Engelm. Bot. Calif. 2: 120.
1880

Type locality: “Mountains near San Felipe,” San Diego

County.
Distribution: 'The big-cone spruce is the most characteristic tree
of southern California. It occupies the upper altitudes of the
Upper Sonoran on the coastal slope and extends into the lower
parts of the Transition Zone. It occurs in the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, and in the vicinity of Fort Tejon extends southward to San
Pedro Martir Mountain.

Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4314; Fort Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 301; Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams (F McGregor 81; Mount Wilson, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams, July, 1906; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Abrams tf McGregor 706; Mount Santiago, Santa
Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis, 1903.

3. ABIES. Fir.

1. ABiEs concotor Lindl. & Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. 5: 210.
1850.
Picea concolor Gord. Pinetum 155. 1858.

Type locality: “On the mountains of New Mexico.”

Distribution: Mountains of southern Oregon south to Mount San
Pedro Martir, and extending eastward over the mountains of
Nevada, Utah, western Colorado, and northern Arizona and New
Mexico. In southern California the white fir is one of the common
components of the coniferous forests especially in the upper half
of the Transition Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 4198; Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 254; Mount San Antonio, San Gabriel Mountains, 4brams,
July, 1901; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, Leiberg
3739.

(330 )

CUPRESSACEAE. Cypress Famity.

Monoecious; cone-scales woody.

Leaves in whorls of 4; cones and scales oblong. 1. Heyderia.

Le opposite; cones globose; scales peltate. 2. Cupressus.
pen cme opposite; cones bee, their scales sear fleshy.

. Juniperus.

1. HEYDERIA. Incense cEDAR.

1. HeyperIaA DECURRENS (Torr.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 2: 177.
1873.
Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Pl. Frem. pl. 3. 1854.

Type locality: “Upper waters of _ Sacramento, particularly
from lat. 38° 40’ to about 41° a

Distribution: The post or incense cedar extends from the
Santiam River in the southern Cascade Mountains southward
through the Sierran District, of which it is one of the most charac-
teristic trees. Thesouthern limit, as that of so many of the trees
peculiar to the Sierran District, is Mount San Pedro Martir, Lower
California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 574; Huston’s Flat, San Bernardino
Mountains, Shaw, Aug. 1900; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Leiberg 3149; Cuiamaca Mountains, near Talley’s
ranch, Palmer 3; Laguna, Mearns 3653.

2. CUPRESSUS. Cypress.

1. CupRESSUS GUADALUPENSIS 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 300.
1879.
Cupressus macrocarpa guadalupensis Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc.
31: 343. 1896.
Type locality: “On Guadalupe Island, off the coast of Lower
California.”
Distribution: A small grove of cypress near the Jamul Valley,
San Diego County, seems to belong to this insular species.
Specimens examined: Cypress canyon, between Oneonta and
Dulgura, Forbes, Dec. 3, 1907.

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3. JUNIPERUS. Juniper.
Seeds 1 or 2; cotyledons 4~6
Leaves rounded at the apex, conspicuously glandular on the back.
1. J. californica,

Leaves acute or acuminate, glandless. 2. J. utahensis.
Seeds 2 or 3; cotyledons 2; leaves conspicuously glandular on the back
3. J. occidentalis,

I. JUNIPERUS CALIFoRNICA Carr. Rev. Hort. IV. 3: 352, f. ar.
1854

Juniperus tetragona osteosperma Torr. Pacif.R. Rep. 4: 141. 1857.

Sabina californica Antoine, Cupress. Gatt. 52, pl. 71, 72. 1857.

Type locality: “En Californie.”

Distribution: The California juniper is characteristic of the
desert slopes of the mountains extending from the southern Sierra
Nevada to Lower California. It also occurs in the more arid
parts of the Great Valley, and on dry washes on the coastal slope
in southern California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams
tf McGregor 168; Fort Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 302; Palm-
dale, Elmer 3633; Big Tejunga Wash, San Fernando Valley,
Abrams 1374; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 531; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 618; Cajon Pass, Coville & Funston 125;
Morongo Canyon, Parish 2985; near Mentone, Abrams &F Mc-
Gregor 824; San Felipe Canyon, Palmer 17; San Jacinto Mou-
tains, Leiberg 3159; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3648, 3640.

2. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS (Engelm.) Lemmon, Rep. Calif. State
Board Forest. 3: 183, pl. 28, f. 2. 1890.
Juniperus californica utahensis Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad.

Juniperus occidentalis utahensis Veitch, Man. Conif. 289. 1881.

Type locality: “All over the southern parts of Utah and into
Arizona and Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Colorado and Utah to northern Arizona
and the eastern limits of the Mohave Desert, where it occurs
within our range on the Providence Mountains. (See introduc-
tion.) Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Brandegee, May
26, 1902.

(332)

3. JUNIPERUS occIDENTALIS Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1838.
Type locality: “Common on the higher parts of the Columbia.”
Distribution: This juniper extends from western Idaho and

eastern Washington southward along the Cascade Mountains and

the Sierra Nevada to the San Jacinto Mountains. In southern Cali-
fornia it is found in the vicinity of Bear Valley, and toward the
summits of Mount San Antonio and Mount San Jacinto, occupy-
ing an arid belt intermediate between the Transition and the

Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,

Leiberg 3316; Abrams, Aug. 3, 1901.

GNETACEAE. Joint-Fir Famity.
1. EPHEDRA. Mexican TEA.

Scales and bracts in 2’s.
Branches bright green, erect and broom-like. 1. E. viridis.
Branches pale glaucous green, divergent. . E. nevadensis.
Scales and bracts in 3’s. 3. £. californica.

tN

1. EpHEDRA viripIs Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 220. 1893.

Type locality: ‘Near Crystal Spring, Cosco Mountains, Inyo
County, California.”

Distribution: Western slopes of the \[ohave Desert eastward
to southern Nevada. This species is characteristic of the pinion
belt on the mountain slopes of the \lohave Desert. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Frazier Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, 4brams
tf M{cGregor 216, 217; Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams
& McGregor 174; near Bear Valley, Leiberg 3315; Cushenberry
Spring, Parish 4980; Rose Mine, San Bernardino Mountains,
Parish 2975.

2. EPHEDRA NEVADENSIS 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 298. 1879,

Type locality: ““Pah Ute Mountains, altitude 5000 feet; Carson
City, altitude 5000 feet.”

Distribution: Nevada and Utah southward through the desert
regions to Lower California. In southern California this species
is characteristic of the juniper and the yucca belts of the deserts.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, near Varren Station,
Abrams &§ McGregor 499; near Acton, Elmer 3599; Jacumba
Hot Spring, Abrams 3676; Mountain Spring, Mearns 3079.

(333 )

3. EpHepRA ca.irornica S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 300.
1879.

Type locality: “Promontory near San Diego, and Jamul
Valley.”

Distribution: The Mohave Desert, southward to Lower Cali-
fornia, extending westward to the coast in the vicinity of San
Diego and southward. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Victor and Stoddard Wells,
Coville F Funsten 159; Whitewater, S. B. & W. F. Parish 653;
eastern slope of San Gorgonio Pass, Leiberg 3234; Coyote Canyon,
Santa Rosa Mountains, Hall 2863; Jacumba Hot Spring, Mearns
3332; Campo, Abrams 3600; North Coronado, Knapp, 1895;
Tia Juana, Abrams 3480.

PHOENICACEAE. Paim Famity.
1. NEOWASHINGTONIA. CatirorNia FAN-PALM.

I. a FILAMENTOSA Sudworth, - S. Dept. Agr.
. Forest. Bull. no 14: 105. 18
Pritchardia prance Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 34: or ‘yea
Pritchardia filifera Linden, Ill. Hort. 24.
Washingtonia filifera Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 37: 7 "1879.
Washingtonia filamentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 737. 1891.
ype locality: Described from young plants cultivated in
Europe. The source of the seeds is not definitely known.
Distribution: The California fan-palm occurs in a few scat-
tered groves along the base of the desert ranges a few miles north
of Indio, and again at Palm Springs on the eastern base of Mount
San Jacinto. An interesting account, and an exhaustive bibliog-
raphy of the genus, was given by Parish in the Botanical Ga-
zette, Dec., 1907
Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Dudley, Dec. 1902.

LILIACEAE. Lity Famity.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious; perianth-segments I-nerved; filaments filiform;
fruit thin and membranous, bursting irregularly 1. Nolina.
Flowers ent perianth-segments many- cperyeas filaments clavate; fruit a
walled capsule, or baccate, aaa or loculicidal.
Style ‘iliform, stigma capitate, long-papillat 2. Hesperoyucca.
Style stout or wanting, 6-notched, openly ene

(334)

Perianth-segments thick; nectar glands small; style wanting.
3. Cletstoyucca.

Perianth-segments thin; nectar glands large; style evident.

Yuee

t. NOLINA.
1. Nouttna Parryi 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.

Type locality: “California (western border of the San Bernardino
Desert); Parry, 1876.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the San Bernardino and the San
Jacinto Mountains on the western border of the Colorado Desert.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rattlesnake Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish 3145; Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
altitude 2000 meters, Hall 2432; Southeastern base of Mount
San Jacinto, altitude 1500 meters, Hall 1819; San Felipe, Bran-
degee, April 30, 1894.

2. HESPEROYUCCA. SpanisH BAYONET.
1. Hesperorucca Waupp.et (Torr.) Baker, Kew Bull. 1892: 8.
1892

Yucca Whipplei Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 222. 1859.

Yucca gramintfolia Wood, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868: 167. 1868.

Yucca Whipplet graminifolia Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 230.
880.

Type locality: “Near San Pasqual, southern California.”

Distribution: Monterey County and the southern Sierra Nevada
southward to the vicinity of Alamo, Lower California. In southern
California the Spanish bayonet is common throughout the chapar-
ral covered areas of the coast slope; it also occurs in the pinon belt
of the desert slopes. A purple flowered form was collected by the
writer (3547) in the foothills of San Diego County. In the vicinity
of Fort Tejon (Abrams (9 McGregor 270) a more compact form,
with flowers scarcely half the normal size, grows associated with
typical plants.

Specimens examined: Soldiers Camp, near Fort Tejon, Abrams
€? McGregor 270, 271; Sulphur Mountain Spring, 4orams &
McGregor 41; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2564; Cajon Pass, Brgelo:r, 1853; San Pasqual, Schoit;
near Dulzura, Abrams 3547.

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3. CLEISTOYUCCA. Josuua Tree.

I. CLEISTOYUCCA ARBORESCENS (Torr.) Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot.
rd. 13: 41.
Yucca draconis arborescens Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 147. 1857.
Yucca brevifolia Engelm. King Exped. 5: 496. 1871. Not
Schott. 1859.
Yucca aiboreccent Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 163.
1892

92.

Type locality: “Sandy and gravelly plains west of the Colorado,
California.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert of southern California east and
north to southern Nevada, northeastern Arizona, and southwestern
Utah. It forms orchard-like groves between the juniper and Co-
villea belts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slopes of the Tehachapi Moun-
tains, near Willow Springs, Abrams &F McGregor 430.

4. YUCCA. Yucca.
1. YUCCA MOHAVENSIS Sargent, Gard. & For. 9: 104. 1896.

Type locality: “Most abundant and grows to its largest size
on the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Northwestern Arizona and southwestern Nevada
westward through the Mohave Desert and southward along the
western border of the Colorado Desert to northern Lower Cali-
fornia, where it extends westward into the coastal region in the
vicinity of San Diego. This species is said to have been collected
by Parry near Monterey, but we strongly suspect that this is an
error through confusion of labels. Parry’s plants in all probability
came from San Diego, for so far as we are aware the plant has not
been found in the coastal region north of this locality.

Specimens examined: San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams 3409;
San Diego, Jones 3163; San Timotea Canyon, Hall 5751; western
base of Mount Santa Rosa, Hall 1905.

SALICACEAE. Witiow Famity.

Stamens numerous, bracts fimbriate or lacerate. 1. Populus.
Stamens 1-5; bracts entire or denticulate. 2. Salix.

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1. POPULUS. Poprar or Cottronwoop.
Petioles terete; ovary tomentose. 1. P. trichocarpa,
Petioles flattened; ovary glabrous.
Leaves coarsely serrate-dentate; capsules globose; stigma-lobes dilated.

2. P. Fremontit.
Leaves finely crenate-serrate; capsules oblong-conic; stigma-lobes linear.
3. P. tremuloides.

1. Poputus tricHocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Ic. Pl. 9: pl. 878.
1852

Type locality: “Santa Clara River, near Beneventano [Ven-
tura], California.”

Distribution: British Columbia and western Montana, south-
ward throughout California. The mountain forms often develop
narrow leaves that approach P. angustifolia, but there seem to be
no stable characters that warrant their separation as a distinct
variety or species. In southern California this species occurs
in the Upper Sonoran on the coastal slope, and in the Transition
and the lower altitudes of the Canadian Zones. In the Lower
Sonoran of the interior valleys, at San Diego, and on the deserts,
it is replaced by P. Fremontit.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams && McGregor 58; Monrovia Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Dudley, Nov. 20, 1907; Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 738.

2. Poputus Fremonti 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 350. 1875.

Type locality: “On Deer Creek at ‘Lassen’s’ in the upper
Sacramento Valley.”

Distribution: Sacramento Valley south to northern Lower Cali-
fornia, and eastward to southern Colorado and western Texas.
In southern California this species occurs along most of the streams
of the interior valleys, seated the coast in San Diego County;
it is also abundant in the canyons on the desert slopes of all the
mountains. A form an pubescent twigs, foliage, and peduncles,
which occurs on the delta of the Colorado River, may prove worthy
of recognition when more complete material is at hand. My own
specimens from Elsinore Lake are fully as pubescent as the delta
plants, but specimens from Cajon Pass (Abrams (Ff McGregor 695)
are only sparsely so, thus approaching the typical form which is
glabrous.

( 337)

Specimens examined: Elizabeth Lake, Liebre Mountains Ab-

rego
Pass, Abrams €F McGregor oe San Bernardino, Parish, March,
1902; San Dieguito River, near San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams
3370; Calexico, G. D. Abrams, Feb., 1910.
3. PopuLus TREMULOIDES Michx Fi. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1803.

Type locality: “Hab. in Cunade et Noveboraco.”

Distribution: The quaking aspen is distributed through the
Canadian Zone of California, and extends from San Pedro Martir
northward to Alaska, hence across the northern part of the con-
tinent, ranging southward along the mountains to New Mexico
and Pennsylvania. Only one locality has been discovered in
southern California, viz., Grinnell (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zoology 5: =
1908) a several groves “on the west side of the u
Fish Creek Canyon, north of San Gorgonio Peak, at altitudes of
7000 to 7600 feet

2. SALIX. WILtow.

Stamens 3 or more; bark furrowed;
Leaves green on both surfaces; pee glandular; a often pubescent,
. &. vallicola

Leaves pale beneath; capsule glabro
Petioles with plunde near the oe o the blade; stipules conspicuous,

glandular. 22 astandra.
Petioles and stipules not glandular, the latter eancag.
. S. laevigata.

Stamens 2; bark not furrowed; trees or shrubs.
Scales of the ament black or black-tipped.
Ovary and capsule glabrous
Leaves entire or remorly and obscurely serrate, becoming rusty-
glaucous beneath; scales pubescent or ao illous.

. S. lastolepis.
Leaves finely serrate, becoming smooth and pale beneath scales
long-villous. 5. S. Patsoni.

Ovary and capsule pubes
Aments appearing before the leaves; styles se
. S. Scouleriana.
Aments appearing with the leaves; styles ee
7. S. glaucops,
Scales of the ament pale.
Ovary glabrous; leaves sparsely appressed-pubescent.

8.
Ovary pubescent at least sparsely so when young; leaves more or
less densely silky. g. S. argophylla,

(338)

1. Saux vatuicora (Dudley) Britton, N. Am. Trees 184. 1908.
Salix nigra vallicola Dudley in Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles 100. 1904.

Type locality: “Along the Santa Ana River near Orange,”
California.

Distribution: Streambanks in the Sacramento and San Joaquin
valleys, southward into southern California. This variety differs
from the true Salix nigra in its glandular stipules, and obovate
or rounded instead of ovate bracts of the staminate aments. Speci-
mens from the Colorado Desert (Abrams 3195) have the bracts
of the staminate aments glandular-toothed. There are other
evidences that this desert plant is distinct from the coast species,
but more material is needed to satisfactorily determine its relation-
ship. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Gorman’s Station, Antelope Valley,
Abrams §§ McGregor 314; Santa Ana River, near Orange, dbrams
3250; near Santa Ana, Helen D. Gets; Elsinore, Baker 4146;
San Dieguito River, Abrams 3371; San Diego River, San Diego,
Abrams 3410; Tia Juana, Abrams 3484; Blue Lake, Imperial
County, Abrams 3195.

2. SALIX LASIANDRA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Type locality: “Ad flumen Sacramento.”

Distribution: Southwestern British Columbia and western
Washington and Oregon, southward to southern California. Upper
Sonoran and Transition.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles River, near Tropico, Abrams
1449; Pasadena, Grant 1160; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish
4635, 4677; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 739.

3. Satrx LtaEvicata Bebb. Am. Nat. 8: 202. 1874.

Type locality: “California, at Santa Cruz, also ‘Ukiah’ and
Alameda Co.”

Distribution: Siskiyou County south to the northern part of
Lower California. In southern California this species is frequent
along the principal streams. Upper Sonoran and Transition.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams 9 McGregor 60; Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &F
McGregor 121; Los Angeles River, near Rivera, Abrams 3253;
Ballona Creek, near Mesmer, dbrams 1467; near Chatsworth,

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Abrams 1362; Santa Ana, Helen D. Geis 554; Cosey Dell, Cajon
Pass, Abrams &% McGregor, 693; West Fork of Mohave River,
Abrams &3 McGregor 722; Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes, July,
1895; near El] Nido, Abrams 3541; Campo, Abrams 3615.

4. SALIX LASIOLEPIS Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Type locality: “Ad ripas fluviorum Salinas et Carmel prope
Monterey.”

Distribution: Klamath River, southward to the northern part
of Lower California, also in southern Arizona. In southern Cali-
fornia this is the most common willow in the valleys and foothills.
A form occurs in the upper parts of the Transition Zone strikingly
different in habit. It is a bush forming low round clumps. The
leaves are much smaller and paler.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3911; Santa Ynez
Mountains, Elmer 3873; Topatopa Mountains, altitude 1860
meters, Abrams €% McGregor ros; Rock Creek, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &§ McGregor 541; Inglewood, Abrams 3103;
vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish, May, 1899; Fish Creek, San
Bernardino Mountains, Grinnell 35.

5. Satrx Watsoni (Bebb.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33: 137.
1906.
Salix cordata Watsoni Bebb. Bot. Calif. 2: 86. 1880.
Type locality: “Near Carson City (Watson), and in Sierra
ne

Distribution: Utah westward to the eastern slopes of the Sierra
Nevada and southward to the San Jacinto Mountains.

Specimens examined: Tahquitz Creek, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hall 2447.

6. Satrx Scouteriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838:
Salix flavescens Nutt. N. Am. Sylva I: 65. 1842.
Salix Nuitallit Sarg. Gard. & Forest 8: 463. 1895.

Type locality: “North West America, on the Columbia.”

Distribution: Southern Assiniboia southward through the
Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico and Arizona, and along
the Cascada Mountains and the Sierra Nevada to the San Ber-
nardino Mountains. Transition.

Specimens examined: Faunskin Park, San Bernardino Moun-

(340 )

tains, Parish 4994; Snow Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Parish 5047; Deep Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
€¥ McGregor 729; Bluff Lake, Grinnell roo.

7. SALIX GLAUCOPS Anderss. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 281. 1858.

Salix glauca villosa Anderss. Sal. Bor. Am. 22. 1858.
Salix glaucops villosa Anderss. in DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 281.
1858

Type locality: “In omni America septentrionali usque ad fl.
Saskatchawan crescere dicitur.”

Distribution: British Columbia eastward to the Rocky Moun-
tains and southward to New Mexico and southern California.
Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Dollar Lake Canyon, altitude 2790 meters,
Hall 7667; Abrams §& McGregor 767.

8. Satrx Exigua Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 75. 1842.

Salix longifolia exigua Bebb. Bot. Calif. 2: 85. 1880.

Type locality: “On the immediate border of the Oregon below
its confluence with the Wahlamet

Distribution: The Columbia Basi eastward through the Great
Basin region and southward to New Mexico. In California I
have seen specimens from only the Imperial Valley, where it is
often abundant along the main canals and channels leading from
the Colorado River. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Calexico, G.D. Abrams, July, 1902.

g. SALIX ARGOPHYLLA Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 71, pl. 20. 1842.
Salix longifolia argophylla Anderss. in DC, Prod. 16, pt. 2: 214.

Salix Hindsiana Benth. (?) Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.
Salix Parishiana Rowlee, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27: 249. 1900.
Salix macrostachya leucodermis Rowlee, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:

250. 1900.

Type locality: “On the Boise River, toward its junction with
the Shoshonee,” Idaho.

Distribution: Washington south through Oregon and Cali-
fornia to northern Lower California, and extending eastward to
the Rocky Mountains. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,

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Abrams F McGregor 406; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3679;
Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams &% McGregor 169; be-
tween Oakgrove Canyon & Elizabeth Lake, Abrams &% McGregor
406; Inglewood, Abrams 1493; Cienega, Abrams, March, 1899;
vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4486; Waterman Canyon,
Shaw & Illingsworth 4; Cosey Dell, Cajon Pass, dbrams 8 McGregor
694; Santa Ana River, Helen D. Geis 553; Tia Juana River, Herre,
Aug. 1902, Abrams 3485; San Diego River, San Diego, Abrams
3419.
MYRICACEAE. Bayserry Famity.
1. MYRICA. Wax myYRTLE.

1. Myrica catirornica Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 6: 535.

Type locality: “Legimus ad portum sancti Francisci Californiae.”

Distribution: Moist, usually wooded slopes near the coast,
from Puget Sound to the vicinity of Santa Monica. This species
is most abundant in the Pacific Humid Area of the Transition
Zone.

Specimens examined: Rustic Canyon, near Santa Monica,
Hasse, May and July, 1890; McClaichie, Aug. 30, 1896.

JUGLANDACEAE. Watnut Famity.
1. JUGLANS. Watnut.

I, JuGLans catirornica §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 349.
1875, excluding synonymy.

Type locality: “Vicinity of San Francisco growing 40-60 feet
high and 2-4 feet in diameter, and ranging southward to Santa
Barbara, Southern Arizona and Sonora.”

Distribution: Ojai Valley, Ventura County, southward to the
Santa Ana Mountains. It is most abundant on north slopes of
the coastal mountains (Sulphur Mountain, Santa Monica Moun-
tains, and Puente Hills) but extends eastward along the San Ga-
briel and the San Bernardino Mountains ‘to the vicinity of San
Bernardino. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain, dbrams & McGregor
9; Cahuenga Pass, Abrams 1243; Glendora, Baker 5294; Lone
Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 9 McGregor
6or.

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BETULACEAE. Bircu Famtty.
1. ALNUS. Atper.

1. Atnus rHomBiFoLIA Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 33. 1842.

Type locality: “In the vicinity of Monterey, in Upper Cali-
fornia.”

Distribution: Idaho and eastern Washington south through
the Sierra Nevada and the Coast Ranges to San Diego. In
southern California the alder is most frequent along streams in
the mountains from 400-1000 meters. On the coastal slope it
sometimes extends along the streams well into the valleys, espe-
cially in the vicinity of Pasadena. On the desert slopes it extends
down the principal streams to the juniper belt. ‘Transition and
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams McGregor 59; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 126; Rock Creek, desert slope
of the San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 527; Arroyo
Seco, near Pasadena, Grant 36.

FAGACEAE. Beecu Famity.

Involucre 1-flowered; fruit an acorn.
Staminate aments densely flowered, erect; cup of acorn conspicuously

ate.
saute aments loosely flowered, drooping; cup of acorn scaly (in
ours), not echinate. 2. Quercus.
faslune 1~3-flowered, becoming a spiny bur in fruit. 3. Castanopsis.

1. PASANITA. Tan-Bark Oak.

1. PasANIA DENSIFLORA (Hook. & Arn.) Oerst. in Kloeb. Vidensk.
Meddel. 84. 1866
Quercus densiflora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 391. 1841.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: The tan-bark oak extends from the Umqua
Valley of southern Oregon southward through the Coast Ranges
to Santa Barbara County, and on the western slopes of the Sierra
Nevada as far south as Mariposa County. Transition
Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Abrams 4316.

(343 )
1. QUERCUS. Oax.

Styles slender, elongated; nut tomentose within; cup-scales thin; leaves or
ir lobes bristle- ee wood reddish. (Black oaks.)
Acorns pene the second year.
ves deciduous, ee deeply lobed. . Q. Kelloggii.
ite evergreen, small, bright green and shiny beneath
. Q. Wislizeni.
Acorns developing the first year; leaves evergreen, aac beneath.

3. Q. agrif
Styles short, dilated; scales thickened on the back; leaves A bradley
tipped; wood white. (White oaks.)
Acorns developing the second year; cups very thick; nuts tomentose
within; leaves evergreen, tomentose beneath.
Leaves entire or spinose-toothed; branchlets not pee acorns
rounded at apex. . chrysolepis.
Leaves coarsely spinose-toothed, undulate; Seances rigid and
divaricate; acorns pointed at apex . Q. Dunnit
Acorns devcispice the first year; nut glabrous within.
Leaves deciduous, more or less lobed; trees
Leaves dark green ve deeply iebed or parted; cups deep;

branchlets pendulou . Q. lobata.
Leaves blue-green oe shallowly lobed; cups shallow; branch-
lets not pendulous 7. Q. Douglasit.

Leaves evergreen
Tees; jess entire or shallowly lobed, not spinose-toothed.
8. Q. Engelmanni.
Shrubs; leaves usually more or less spinose-toothed.
Leaves nearly or quite glabrous above; twigs rusty-pubes-

cent.
Cups saucer-shaped; scales thick and rounded on the
back.

ac 9.
Cup a scales aie 0. ae.
Leaves gray with a stellat ; twigs grayish-
pubescent. Il. Q. Alvordiana.

1. Quercus Ketiocem Newb. Pacif. R. Rep. 6: 28, f. 6. 1857.
Quercus tinctoria californica Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 138. 1857.
Quercus californica Cooper, Smiths. Rep. 261. 1858.

Type locality: “South and north of San Francisco in the Coast
Mountains,” and “between Fort Bedding: and Lassen’s Butte,

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward through the Coast
Ranges and the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir, Lower Cali-
fornia. In southern California the California black oak is con-
fined to the coniferous forests of the mountains, and is a charac-
teristic tree of the Transition Zone.

(344)

Specimens examined: Near the summit of Frazier Mountain,
Dudley 4469; Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 480; Rock Creek Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 604; Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 649; Mill Creek Falls, San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish 5068; Cuiamaca Mountains, Susan G. Stokes,
July, 1895; Abrams 39509.

2. Quercus WisuizEn1 A. DC. Prod. 16, pt. 2: 67. 1864.
Quercus Wislizent frutescens Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 2: 99. 1880.
Quercus parvula Greene, Pittonia 1: 40. 1887.

Type locality: Originally given as Mexican, but later corrected
(Trans. St. Louis. Acad. 3: 396. 1877) to “the American Fork
of the Sacramento River,” California.

Distribution: Southern slopes of Mount Shasta southward in the
Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir
Mountain. In southern California it occurs in the upper part of
the chaparral belt of all the mountains. The shrubby form is
the common type, but occasionally trees 20-25 feet high have
been observed (Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
and Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Mountains). Transition and
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined; Santa Ynez Mountains, Franceschi, 1894;
Cuddy’s ranch, near Mt. Frazier, Dudley 4366; Mount Lowe, Dud-
ley, July 20, 1896; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
€i McGregor 152; Kings Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Dudley 4346;
Swartout Valley, San Gabriel Mountain, Abrams & McGregor
661; Lytle Creek Canyon, Hall 901; Arrowhead grade, Shaw and
Illingsworth 16; Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Shaw © Illingsworth 155; Spencer Valley, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 3875; Cuiamaca Peak, Abrams 3950; Walker’s ranch,
near Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3697.

3. Quercus acrirotia Nee, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 271. 1801.

Quercus oxyadenia Torr. Sitg. Rep. 172, pl. 17. 1853.

Quercus berberidifolia Liebm. Oversigt Dansk. Vidensk. 1854,
172. 1854.

Quercus arcoglandis Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 25. 1855.

Quercus agrifolia frutescens Engelm. Bot. Calif. 2: 98. 1880.

Quercus agrifolia berberifolia Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3:
203. 1885.

(345 )

Type locality: “I have only seen branches collected at Monterey
and Nootka, by the marine officer Don Robredo, and Don Manuel
Esquerra, paymaster of the corvette Atrevida.” The above is
copied from the translation of Nee’s paper in the Annals of Botany
(2: 106. 1806). The station “Nootka” must be erroneous.

Distribution: Mendocino County southward through the Coast
Ranges to Mt. San Pedro Martir, Lower California. In southern
California this oak is confined to the coast slope, even becoming
very uncommon in the interior valleys. Its most eastern station
is in the mountains between Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring,
San Diego County. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sespe Hot Springs, Dudley 4781; Switzer’s
Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell, Oct. 8, 1908; near
Julian, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Alpine, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Mearns 3049, 4014.

Quercus morehus Kell. This oak is apparently a hybrid be-
tween Q. Kelloggii and Q. Wislizeni. It is never found except in
the vicinity of these species, and never in large numbers. ‘Two
trees have been discovered recently in southern California:
between Swartout Valley and Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 666; near Skinner’s Camp, Mill
Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, dbrams &% McGregor 819.

4. QuERcus curysoLePis Liebm. Dansk. Vidensk. Forhandl.
1854, 173. 1854.
Quercus fulvescens Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 67. 1855.
Quercus crassipocula Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4, pt. 1: 137. 1857.

Type locality: ‘California.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward through the Coast
Ranges and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro
Martir Mountain. In southern California the canyon oak occurs
in the lower part of the Transition Zone and extends into the
Upper Sonoran along the canyons.

Specimens examined: Kings Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Dudley
4304, 4430; Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 431; Frazier Mountain, Dudley 4541; Mount Wilson trail,
San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 90; Talley’s ranch, Cuiamaca
Mountains, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895.

Quercus tomentella Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 3: 393.
1877. Foliage resembling that of Pasania densiflora; leaves

(346)

oblong-ovate strongly nerved and tomentose beneath. Peculiar
to the islands off the coast of southern California.

5. Quercus Dunwni Kell. Pacif. Rural Press. June 7, 1879.
Quercus Palmeri Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 2: 97. 1880.
Quercus chrysolepis Palmeri Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 3:

Type locality: Not ascertained.

Distribution: Mountains of southern San Diego County south-
ward into Lower California. This oak has been reported from
Vandeventer’s ranch, San Jacinto Mountains, otherwise it is
known within the state only in the region where it was first dis-
covered, which is a small grove about five miles west of Jacumba
Hot Spring (Larken’s Station). It probably belongs to the
pifion belt of the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Walker’s ranch, near Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3608.

6. QuERcus LopaTa Nee, Anal. Nat. 8: 277. 1801.
Quercus Hindsii Benth. Bot. Sulph. 55. 1844.
Quercus lobata Hindsit Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3:

1885.

Quercus longiglanda Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Geog. Mem. Upper

Calif. 17.

Type locality: “Of this species I have only seen branches
brought from Monterey by Sres. Robredo and Esquerra.” The
citation given here is copied from a translation of Nee’s paper in
Annals of Botany (2: 111. 1806)

Distribution: Valleys and low hills from the upper Sacramento
southward to San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles County. In
southern California the roble or valley oak does not occur south
of the Santa Monica, Mountains except for a single tree near Santa
Monica, and another young one near Lamanda Park. North of the
Santa Monica Mountains it occurs in the San Fernando, Simi,
Santa Clara, and Ojai Valleys. On the desert slopes of the moun-
tains it enters our territory through Tejon Pass and extends along
the western border of Antelope Valley to the vicinity of Elizabeth
Lake, Liebre Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Canyon near Castac Lake, Dudley 4460;
Soldier’s Camp, near Fort Tejon, Abrams &9 McGregor 273; Oak-

(347 )

grove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 825;
Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 492;
Chatsworth, Abrams 1335.

7. Quercus Douctasir Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 391. 1841.
Quercus Ransomt Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 25. 1855.
Quercus oblongifolia brevilobata Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 460.
1874.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: In the foothills and valleys of the Coast Ranges
and Sierra Nevada from Mendocino County and the upper Sacra-
mento Valley to the southern slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Canyon above Castac Lake, eae 4470,
Lebec Station, near’ Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor 285.

8. Quercus Encetmanni Greene, West. Am. Oaks 33, pl. 15,
f. 2, 3; pl. 17. 1889.

Quercus MacDonaldi elegantula Greene, W. Am. Oaks, 26, pl. 209.

1890.

Type locality: “Mountains of southern —— from the
mesas east of San Diego northward to Kern Coun

Distribution: Valleys and low foothills in the aoe of Pasa-
dena southward through western San Diego County, and probably
extending into Lower California. Hybrids between this species
and Q. dumosa often occur. Quercus MacDonaldi elegantula was
based upon one of these. Upper Sonoran

Specimens examined: San Gabriel, Engelmann, Sept. 18, 1880;
near Pasadena, Grinnell, Dec. 1903; Santa Anita, Grinnell 126;
Sierra Madre, Abrams 1490; Fallbrook, Parish, Nov. 5, 1891;
Potrero, Orcutt 2209; Alpine, Mearns 3052.

Quercus MacDonaldi Greene, W. Am. Oaks25. 1889. A species
peculiar to Santa Catilina Island. Small tree with foliage much
like that of Q. Douglasit.

g. Quercus pumosa Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 7. 1842.
Quercus acutidens Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 207, pl. 517. 1859.
Quercus dumosa polycarpa Greene, West Am. Oaks pt. 2, pi. 28.

1890.

(348 )

Type locality: “Entangled thickets over the base of the hills
which flank the village of Santa Barbara.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges from Lake County southward to
northern Lower California, also on the western slope of the Sierra
Nevada. In southern California this is the most common shrub
in the chaparral belt of the coastal mountains, but Jess common in
the interior. On the desert slopes of the mountains it is seldom
met with, being mostly replaced by the next species. As here
understood the species has a great number of forms or variations,
both in foliage and fruit. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams 4108; head of Santa Clara Valley, Rothrock 186; Oakgrove
Canyon, Liebre Mountains, dbrams & McGregor 332; Santa
Monica Mountains Hasse, Dec. 1891; Abrams 866, 1285, 1311;
Verdugo Hills, Abrams 1419, 1420; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena,
Grinnell, Dec. 22, 1908; Switzer’s Camp, San Gabriel Mountains,
Grinnell, Oct. 8, 1908; Sawpit Canyon, near Monrovia, Dudley,
Dec. 27, 1907; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3684; Cajon Pass,
Coville F Funston 115; near Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Leberg 3113; Santa Ana Mountains, near Elsinore,
Abrams, July 21, 1908; San Joaquin Hills, near Laguna, Abrams
1784; San Dieguito (Benardo), dbrams 3377; near San Ysabel,
Henshaw 227; San Diego, dbrams gor.

10. QUERCUS TURBINELLA Greene, W. Am. Oaks 37, pl. 27.
889.
Quercus dumosa ae Jepson, Fl. Calif. 356. 1909.

Type locality: “In the mountains of Lower California, where
it is associated with the rare and characteristic Q. dunnit also
within the borders of the State of California about Campo, in
San Diego County.”

Distribution: Inner South Coast Range from the Rancho Can-
tera southward to Frazier Mountain according to Jepson. I have
seen no specimens of this species except from the vicinity of Campo,
where it is very common in the chaparral-covered mountains which
form the divide between the coast slope and the Colorado Desert.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Campo, dbrams 3552, 3553; Meikle,
Nov. 1903

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1x. Quercus Atvorpiana Eastwood, Handb. Trees Calif. 48,
hg. 4

Type locality: “In the mountains connecting the Coast Range
with the Sierra Nevada at the southern end of the San Joaquin
Valley bordering the deserts.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the southern California moun-
tains, extending from the Tehachapi Mountains southward into
Lower California. This species may be only a form of Q. pungens
to which it is certainly very closely related. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Frazier Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, 4brams
&§ McGregor 266; Oriflamme Canyon, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 3935.

3. CASTANOPSIS. Cuinquapin.

I. CASTANOPSIS SEMPERVIRENS (Kell.) Dudley; Merriam, N. Am.
auna, no. 16: 142. 1899.

Castanea sempervirens Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 75. 1855.
Type locality: “From the vicinity of Mariposa.”
Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains southward through

the Sierra Nevada and the mountains of southern California, to

the San Jacinto Mountains. In southern California it occupies

a comparatively distinct belt in the border line between the Tran-

sition and Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: North Baldy, Abrams &% McGregor 607;

Mount San Antonio, Abrams 2712; Mount San Gorgonio, altitude

3200 meters, Abrams &F McGregor 759.

POLYGONACEAE. Bucxwueat Fami ty.
1. ERIOGONUM. Wi.p BuckwuHeat.

Involucres capitate or fascicled, in cymose-umbellate clusters; bracts foli-
eous.
Leaves orbicular to oblong, not fascicled.
Peduncles elongated; flowers very villous.
1. E. cinereum.
eduncles short; flowers glabrous. 2. E. parvifolium.
Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, often revolute, more or less fascicled.
Perianth glabrous without; leaves nearly so.
3. E. fasciculatum.
Perianth villous without.
Leaves green and nearly glabrous above; involucres 3 mm. high
3a. E. fasciculatum foliolosum.

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Leaves hoary-tomentose above; aerate 4-5 m
b. E. fasciculatum poltfolium.
us.

3
Involucres solitary, sessile along the branches; bracts not foliaceo
ntose.

Inflorescence virgately branched; branches slender becoming more

or less denuded of tomentum. 4. E. taxifolium.
a ia with spreading, stout branches, permanently and
nsely white-tomentose. E. nodosum.

5.
fags glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence intricately branched.
Leaves densely tomentose; involucral teeth villous on the margins.
6. E. Plumatella.
Leaves glabrate; involucral teeth oF
E. Heermannt.

1. Er10oGoNuUM CINEREUM Benth. Bot. Sulph. 45. 1844.

Type locality: ‘San Pedro.”

Distribution: Bluffs along the seashore and in the coastal foot-
hills of southern California from the vicinity of Santa Barbara
to San Pedro. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ventura, Hasse, Sept. 15, 1888; Santa
Monica, Hasse, Sept. 1889; S. B. & W. F. Parish, 1882; Abrams
2193.

2. ERIOGONUM PARVIFOLIUM Smith in Rees. Cycl. 18. 1819.

Type Spee “California.” First collected by Menzies, prob-
ably at Mon

Distribution: aiere of California from Monterey to San
Diego County. A common shrub on the sand-dunes. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3908, 4013; Abrams
4162; Santa Monica, Hasse, 1894; Playa del Rey (Ballona Harbor),
Abrams 212; Oceanside, Parish 4446.

3. Ertoconum Fascicutatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 411.
1838.
Eriogonum rosmarinifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. I]. 1: 164.
1847.
Eriogonum fasciculatum aspalathoides Gdgr. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg.
: 189. 1906.
Eriogonum fasciculatum maritimum Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 59.

1907.
Type locality: “California.”

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Distribution: Santa Barbara southward to northern Lower Cali-
fornia. Apparently most abundant about San Diego. Through-
out the greater part of the coastal slope of southern California
the typical form is replaced by the next. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Chollas Valley, Susan G. Stokes, July 21,
1901; Dulzura, Susan G. Stokes, July 17, 1901; San Diego, Herre,
July 5, 1902; Tia Juana, Abrams 3510.

3a. Eriogonum fasciculatum foliolosum (Nutt.) Stokes.

Eriogonum rosmarinifolium foliolosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad.

II. 1: 164. 1847.

Type locality: “Near Santa Barbara Upper California.”

Distribution: A very common shrub in the lower altitudes of
the chaparral belt on the coastal slope, extending from the vicinity
of Santa Barbara to Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams 4126; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 389 (“Growing with the variety polifolium and appar-
ently not intergrading”’); Pasadena, Jones 3019; Sierra Madre,
Abrams 2643; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 1048; Lone Pine
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 679 (inter-
mediate between this variety and the next); vicinity of San Ber-
nardino, Parish 538; Banning, Toumy, Sept. 27, 1894; Santiago
Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis 524; Elsinore,
Mrs. J. D. Abrams, May, 1901.

3b. Er1oGonuM FASCICULATUM POLIFoLIUM (Benth.) Torr. &
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 169. 1870.
Eriogonum polifolium Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 12. 1857.

Type locality: “In Sierra Nevada, California (Fremont), and
San Diego (Parry).”

Distribution: On the desert slopes of all the mountains of
Southern California mostly within the pifion belt, and occasion-
ally occurring in the more arid interior parts of the coast slope.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams {9 Mc-
Gregor 291; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams iF
McGregor 134; Willow Springs, Mohave Desert, Abrams ©&
McGregor 420; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, dbrams

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McGregor 324; Rock Creek, desert slope of the San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 540.

4. ERIOGONUM TAxIFoLIUM Greene, Pittonia 1: 267. 1889.
Eriogonum Wrightit taxifolium Parish, Erythea 6: 87. 1898.

Type locality: Cedros Island, “from a canyon on the eastern
side, four miles below the northern end.”

Distribution: San Jacinto Mountains southward to Cedros
Island. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cuiamaca Mountains, Parry 1850; Allen,
1897; Miss Stokes, Aug. 4, 1899; Jacumba Hot Spring (Larkens),
Palmer 343; near Warner ranch, Hayes, Oct. 10, 1858; open pine
forests in the vicinity of Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Moun-
tains, altitude 1700-2000 meters, Hall 2608; Hemet Valley,
Hall 755.

5. Er1oconum noposum Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 48.
1898.
Type locality: “In dry soil, Don Cabesas, California.”
Distribution: A desert species, known only from the original
collection. Lower Sonoran.

6. Erioconum PiumaTetta Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5: 14,
pl. 16. 1855.

Eriogonum Palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 267. 1877.
Type locality: ““Posa Creek,” Kern County, California.
Distribution: Mohave Desert of southern California eastward

to southern Utah. In southern California this species is charac-

teristic of the yucca belt. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slope of the Tehachapi Moun-
tains between Tehachapi and Mohave, Abrams &F McGregor 407;
Palmdale, Abrams &F McGregor 515; Rock Creek, edge of Mohave
Desert, Davidson, Aug. 1, 1901; Mohave River, near the Hesperia,
Abrams 2165.

7. Ertoconum Herrmann! Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5: 14, fl.
17.» 1855
Type locality: “Rose Creek,” California.
Distribution: Western Nevada southward through the Pifon
belt to Mount Pinos. Upper Sonoran.

(353 )

Specimens examined: Frazier Borax Mine, Mount Pinos, altitude
1600 meters, Abrams t9 McGregor 267.

CHENOPODIACEAE. Gooseroor Famtity.

Flowers unisexua al.
Staminate flowers with 3-5-cleft perianth; pistillate flowers without
perianth, enclosed in a pair of more or less united bracts

Bracts compressed. 1. Atriplex.
Bracts obcompressed.
ae glabrous, winged. 2. Grayia.
p hairy, not winged. 3. Eurotia.
Staminate yee without perianth; pistillate with a saccate perianth.
6. Sarcobatus.
Flowers perfect.
eaves none; flowers immersed in the fleshy stems. 4. Allenrolfea.
Leaves terete; flowers not immersed in the stems. 5. 1

1. ATRIPLEX. Satt-susu.
a ie without lateral wings.

= bracts without free diverging margins; leaves petioled.
nches terete, flexuous (or slightly spinescent in no. 1
ha eal 5; bracts obscurely crenate. 1. 4. alia.

yx-segments 4; bracts entire. 2. A. Breweri.
Branches anid angled, the ultimate divaricate aad spinescent;
acts denticulat
Fruiting ce with ce diverging margins.
argins of bracts toothed, sides muricate. 4. A. polycarpa.
t

ruiting bracts 6-10 mm. ionk: leaves cuneate at base.
G. As Nee
Fruiting bracts 3 mm. long; leaves cordate at
6. A

Leaves coarsely toothed. . A. hymenelytra.
Fruiting bracts with 4 broadly dilated lateral wings. 8. A. canescens.

1. ATRIPLEX LENTIFORMIS (Torr.) 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:
4.

Obione lentiformis Torr. Sitg. Rep. 169, pl. 14. 18

Type locality: ‘On the Colorado of California”

Distribution: Upper San Joaquin Valley southward through
the deserts of southern California, and Arizona to adjacent Mexico.
Growing in heavy alkaline soil. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Imperial Valley, near Calexico, G. D.
Abrams, Sept. 1902; Mountain Spring, Palmer 328.

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2. ATRIPLEX Breweri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 119. 1874.
Atriplex orbicularts 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 377. 1882.

Type locality: “On the seashore at Santa Monica (Brewer)
and Santa Barbara, Torrey.”

Distribution: Bluffs and low places, especially in clay soil, along
the seashore from Santa Barbara to northern San Diego County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara Torrey 459; Elmer 4016;
Ventura, Hasse 4193; Santa Monica, Brewer, Dec. 1860, Abrams
2180.

3. ATRIPLEX Torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 119. 1874.
Obione Torreyi S. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 290, 1871.

Type locality: “In dry valleys bordering the Truckee and
Carson Rivers,” Nevada.

Distribution: Western Nevada and southern Utah to Antelope
Valley, Mohave Desert, where it is common about Lancaster and
Willow Springs. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Wells, Dec. 1909.

3. ATRIPLEX POLYCARPA (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:
117. 1874.
Obione polycarpa Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 130. 1857.
Type locality: “Hills and gravely places, on William’s River.”
Distribution: Deserts of southern California eastward to
Arizona. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Colorado Desert, Pringle, Oct. 24, 1882;
Emory, Oct. 28, 184

4. ATRIPLEX CONFERTIFOLIA (Torr. & Frem.) S. Wats. Proc.
m. Acad. 17: 119. 1874.
Obione confertifolia ‘Torr. & Frem. Second Rep. 318. 184s.
Obione spinosa Mog. in DC. Prod. 13, pt. 2: 108. 1849.
Atriplex spinosa Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 5: 536. 1852.
Type locality: “On the borders of the Great Salt Lake.”
Distribution: Southern Idaho and Wyoming south to New
Mexico and northern Mexico, and eastward to the deserts of south-
ern California. Growing in alkaline soil. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Lancaster, Elmer 36091; Abrams &% Mc-
Gregor 511, Willow Springs, Abrams & McGregor 416,

(355)

5. ATripLex Parryt S$. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 378. 1882.

Type locality: “Near Colton, California.” Parish (Zoe 5: 113)
states that “Dr. Parry’s plant was collected at Lancaster, in the
Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, southern California. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Elmer 3640; Wells, Dec. 1909.

6. ATRIPLEX HYMENELYTRA (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9:
11g. 1874.

Obione hymenelyira Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 129, pl. 20. 1857.
Type locality: “Hills and gravelly places, on Williams River.”
Distribution: Southern Utah and Arizona westward to the

desert slopes of the mountains of southern California. Growing

in dry gravelly washes. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Bennett Wells, Death Valley,
Coville Funston 195; Signal Mountain, Colorado Desert,
Abrams, Dec. 29, 1907; eastern slope of the Cuiamaca Mountains,
Emory Nov. 28, 1846; near Mammoth Tank, Parish, Dec. 10,
1881.

7. ATRIPLEX CANESCENS (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. N. Am. Pl. 1: 197.
1818.

Calligonum canescens Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 370. 1814.
Obione tetraptera Benth. Bot. Sulph. 48. 1844.

Type locality: “In the planes of the Missouri, near the Big-

bend.”
Distribution: Nevada and Colorado southward to New Mexico
and Arizona, and westward to southern California, where it is
especially common in the deserts. On the coast slope it occurs
rather locally in the interior valleys toward the deserts, and in
the vicinity of San Diego, mostly in dry subsaline places. Upper
and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ten Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams
€F McGregor 167; Lancaster, Elmer 3647; between Glendale and
Burbank, Braunton 906; Cushenberry Spring, Abrams 2150; San
Bernardino, Parish, May, 1900; near Redlands, G. R. Hall, 1904;
San Jacinto Valley, Hall 2003; Encinitas, McClatchie, June, 1896;
La Jolla, Abrams gor2; San Diego, Parry, 1850; Palmer 327;
Calexico, G. D. Abrams, Sept., 1902.

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2. GRAYIA.
1. Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Mog. in DC. Prod. 13, pt. 2: 119.
1849.

Chenopodium spinosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838.
Grayia polygaloides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy 388. 1841.

Type locality: “Interior of California, Nov. 1826; Mr. Douglas
Snake country, Mr. Tolmie.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington and Wyoming southward
through the Great Basin to the Mohave Desert of southern Cali-
fornia. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Willow Springs, Abrams & McGregor
526; Palmdale, Elmer 36173.

3. EUROTIA.

1. Eurotia ranata (Pursh) Mog. Chenop. Mon. Enum. 81.
1840.

Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 602. 1814.

Type locality: “On the banks of the Missouri in open prairies.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington and the Saskatchewan south-
ward to New Mexico and southern California, where it is confined
to the desert districts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slopes of the Tehachapi Moun-
tains, near Willow Springs, 4brams &% McGregor 427; Palmdale,
Elmer 3677; Abrams (9 McGregor 512; near Barstow, Hall 6164.

4. ALLENROLFEA,

1. ALLENROLFEA OCCIDENTALIS (S. Wats.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.
: 1891.

Halostachys occidentalis 8. Wats. Bot. King Exped. 5: 293. 1871.

Spirostachys occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 125.

1874.

Type locality: “About Great Salt Lake and in alkaline valleys
westward to the sinks of the Carson and Humboldt Rivers, where
it grows Enna in large tracts that would be ee des-
titute of vegetatio

Distribution: aa Basin southward to western Texas and
New Mexico and westward to California. In California this
species occurs in very strong alkaline or saline places from Liver-

(357)

more southward through the upper San Joaquin Valley and the
deserts of southern California.
Specimens examined: Near Lancaster, Abrams t9 McGregor sar.

5. DONDIA.
1. Donpia suFFRUTEscENS (S. Wats.) Heller, Cat. N. Am. PL. 3.
1898.

Suaeda suffrutescens 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 88. 1874.

Type locality: “Western Texas to southern California and
northern Mexico, in saline plains.’

Distribution: Saline soils along the coast of southern California,
eastward to western Texas. Very common in the Colorado
Desert. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Long Beach, Mc Clatchie, May 30, 1891;
Chula Vista, Abrams gror; North Island, Coronado, Chandler
5185.

6. SARCOBATUS.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; body of fruit 8-9 mm.long. 1. S. vermiculatus.
Leaves pubescent with branched reflexed hairs; body of fruit 4-5 mm. long.
z. S. Baileyt

1. SaRcoBaTUS VERMICULATUS (Hook.) Torr. in Emory, Notes
il. Reconnois. 150. 184

Batis vermiculata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 12. 1838.
Fremontia vermicularis Torr. in Frem. First Rep. 95. 1843.
Type locality: “Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia
and particularly near salt marshes.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: Alkaline places in eastern Washington and Ore-
gon, and southward through the Great Basin to Arizona and the
eastern parts of California. I have not seen any specimens of
this species from our range, but it is common east of the Sierra
Nevada about Owens Lake. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

2. Sarcopatus BarLeyi Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 184. 1893.

Type locality: “In the valley near Thorpe’s quartz-mill, Nye
County, Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Nevada and extending into the borders
of California in Inyo and Mono Counties, according to Coville.
This species has not been collected within our limits, but it may

(358)

be expected along our northern borders in the Mohave Desert.
Lower Sonoran.

RANUNCULACEAE. Buttercup Famity.
1. CLEMATIS. Cuemaris.

Ovaries and achenes pubescent.
Leaflets §; sepals thin, 7-10 mm. Jong. 1. Cit
flets 3; sepals thick, 12-18 mm. long. 2. C. lasi
Ovaries and achenes glabrous. 3. °C. a

at ies californica,

I. CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA CALIFORNICA S. Wats. Bot. Calif.

Type locality: “San Diego to the Sacramento and to Arizona.”

Distribution: Central California southward to the southern
boundary of the State. In southern California it is found along
streams in the valleys and foothills. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Bingham; Abrams 4157;
San Gabriel Mountains, McClatchie, Aug. 1895; Monrovia Can-
yon, Dudley, Nov. 20, 1907; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3438;
Los Angeles, Abrams 4168; Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 1916;
San Bernardino, Parish; Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June
19, 1895; Cajon Pass, Abrams &§ McGregor §37.

2. CLrematis LasIaNTHA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:
g. 1838.

Type locality: ‘Near the sea-coast of St. Diego.”

Distribution: Central California south to the southern boundary
of the State. In southern California this is the most common
clematis. It is frequent in the chaparral on the coast slope of
all the mountains and foothills. Upper Sonoran and extending
into the upper parts of the Lower Sonoran of the coastal slope.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Elmer 3844; Mon-
tecito, Franceschi, 1894; Sulphur Mountain, Red Reef Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams {9 McGregor 128; Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 1306; Mount Wilson trail, Abrams 2610; Canon
Diablo, Parish 4709; Mill Creek, Parish, June, 1898.

3. Clematis PauciIFLoRA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 9. 1838 & 1: 657. 1840.
Type locality: “Near the sea-coast of St. Diego.”

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Distribution: Santa Barbara County southward to northern
Lower California. In southern California this species is almost
wholly restricted to San Diego County, where it is the common
clematis. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 30906; near San
Bernardino, Parish 3626; Whitewater, Vasey, Feb. 1881; San
Diego, Nuttall; Abrams 3428; Foster, Chandler 5033; Point Loma,
Chandler 5088; Campo, Abrams 3612; Hill Valley, between
Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3736, San Ysabel,
Henshaw 61.

BERBERIDACEAE. BarsBerry Famity.
1. ODOSTEMON. OreEGoN GRAPE.

Leaflets 3-7, 15 mm. wide or less, very pale; racemes loosely 5~-7-flowered.
Leaflets 15-25 mm. long; spinose teeth 2—4 on a side, stout
1. O. Fremontii.
Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 15-35 mm. long, spinulose-serrate; teeth
eet numerous. 2. O. Nevinii.
Leaflets 5-9, 2 mm. broad; racemes many-flowered.
eaflets green “ares scarcely paler beneath, ee thin, spinose teeth
pees a side. ce ascicularis.
Leaflets much paler beneath, prominently reticulate- ie thick and
undulate; spinose teeth usvally 4~6 on a side. . O. dictyota.

1, OpostemMon Fremonti: (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
33: 141. 1906

Berberis Fremontii Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 30. 1859.

Mahonia Fremontit Fedde, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 98. 1901.

Type locality: “On the tributaries of the Rio Virgen, in south-
ern Utah.”

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada southward to Arizona,
also in southern California and northern Lower California. In
southern California this species has only been collected near the
southern boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Walker’s ranch, near Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3693.

2. Odostemon Nevinii (A. Gray).
Berberis Nevinit A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1: 69. 1895.
Mahonia Neviniit Fedde, Engel. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 102. Igor

Type locality: “Southern California, near Los Angeles on a

sandy plain.”

( 360 )

Distribution: A rare species apparently confined to the San
Fernando Valley, where it occurs sparingly on the sandy slopes
along the eastern edge of the valley. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: “Los Angeles Valley,” probably San
Fernando Valley, Nevin, April, 1882; San Fernando, Franceschi,
1893; wash near Garnsey, San Fernando Valley, Grinnell, Oct. 31,
1903.

3. Odostemon fascicularis (DC.).
Mahonia fascicularis DC. Syst. 2: 19. 1821.
Berberis pinnata Lag. Elench. Hort. Madr. 6. 1803, and 14. 1816,
nom. nudum.
Berberis pinnata Don, Bot. Reg. 9: pl. 702. 1823. Not H.B.K.

1821.

Berberis fascicularis Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: pi. fads 1823.
Mahonia pinnata Fedde, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 86. Igor.

Type locality: “In Americae borealis ora eecidencal: circa
Monterei et Nutka (Nee ex Lag.).”

Distribution: Foothills of central! California from the vicinity
of San Francisco to Monterey. The specimens cited below are
doubtfully referred to this species, more complete material may
prove them distinct.

Specimens examined: Near Glendale, Hasse; canyon near San
Rafael, Hasse 3762; Switzer’s trail, San Gabriel Mountains,
Grinnell, Oct. 8, 1908.

4. Odostemon dictyota (Jepson).
Berberis dictyota Jepson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 18: 319. 1891.
Mahonia dictyota Fedde, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31: 89. rgor.

Type locality: “(Near the rocky summit of South Peak,” Marys-
ville Buttes.

Distribution: The dry interior foothills of central California
southward to San Diego County. Growing in chaparral but rare
and seldom met with. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams McGregor 667; Palomar Mountain, Susan G.
Stokes, July, 1895; between Julian and Cuiamaca, Abrams
3964.

( 361 )

LAURACEAE. Lavurez Famity.
1. UMBELLULARIA. CatirorNiIA LAUREL OR BAY-TREE.

1. UMBELLULARIA CALIFoRNICA (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. N. Am.
Sylva 1: 87. 1842.

Tetranthera californica Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 159. 1833.
Oreodaphne californica Nees, Syst. Laurin. 463. 1836.

Type locality: California, probably in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco or Monterey

Distribution: Valley of the Rogue River, Oregon, southward
through the Coast Ranges and on the western slope of the Sierra
Nevada to the mountains of San Diego County. In southern
California the laurel is frequent in canyons or on shaded slopes
in the upper part of the chaparral belt and in the lower Transition,
but is usually reduced to a small tree or arborescent shrub.

Umbellularia is one of the many genera peculiar to the California
Sub-area, and is a good example of the uniqueness of the flora.

Specimens examined: Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, Abrams,
March 6, 1909; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
€¥ McGregor 817; Switzer’s Camp, San Gabriel Mountains, Grin-
nell, Oct. 8, 1908; Falls Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dud-
ley, Dec. 26, 1907; Little Santa Anita Canyon, Abrams, July,
1906; Nobles ranch, between Pine Valley and Laguna, San Diego
County, Mearns 3958.

PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Famity.
Flowers yellow; leaves more or less serrulate; stigmas 2. 1. Dendromecon.
Flowers white and very showy; leaves ‘divided; stigmas several.
2. Romneya.

1. DENDROMECON. Bus# poppy.

1. DENDROMECON RIGIDUM Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. II. 1: 407.
1834.

Dendromecon fastigiata Greene, Pittonia 5: 298. 1905.
Dendromecon agnina Greene, Pittonia 5: 299. 1905.
Dendromecon saligna Greene (?), Pittonia 5: 300. 1905.
Dendromecon elliptica Greene, Pittonia 5: 300. 1905.
Dendromecon caesia Greene, Pittonia 5: 303. 1905.

Type locality: California.

( 302 )

Distribution: Coast Ranges or central California and the west-
ern slope of the Sierra Nevada, southward through the chaparral
belt to northern Lower California. The species proposed by
Greene do not seem valid, at least so far as the plants of the main-
land are concerned. I have examined critically all the species
enumerated above except D. saligna with the result that I feel
constrained to reduce them to synonymy. There is variation
in foliage, but this is often marked in a locality where the character
of the soil or moisture vary, and seems to be an ecological variation.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3875; Red
Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 138;
Big Tejunga Wash, Abrams 1373; near Elizabeth Lake, Abrams
&§ McGregor gor; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4835; Clare-
mont, Baker 4150, Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Parish 3474; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams &&§ McGregor 675; Fallbrook, Jones 3103; Soledad Canyon,
Greene, May 18, 1885; Encinitas, Brandegee, June, 1887; Jamul
Valley, Palmer 238; Campo, Vasey 18; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Mearns 3351; Julian, Susan G. Stokes, July 26, 1895.

2. ROMNEYA. Mariiiya poppy.

Sepals glabrous, beaked. a. R. _
Sepals hispid, beakless or with an inconspicuous beak. 2. R. trichocalyx.

1. Romneya Coutrert Harv. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 75,
pl. 3. 1845.

Type locality: “In California boreali.”’

Distribution: Santa Ana Mountains, southward to northern
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Trabuco Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains,
Abrams 1852; near Corona, Hall 1280; Santa Ana Canyon, near
Anaheim, Parish 393; Temescal, Parish 43094. This species and
the next are not true shrubs, but the stout stems, which often
attain a height of 2 meters, persist for a number of years.

2. Romneya rricuoca.yx Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. IIT. 1: 133,
pl. 11, f. 4a, ge. 1898.
Type locality: The figures “were drawn from fresh specimens
{cultivated] in Golden Gate Park,’ San Francisco.

(363 )

Distribution: Santa Barbara County southward to northern
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Griffens, Elmer 3876; Ten Sycamore
Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams t% McGregor 137; Haven’s ranch, near
El Nido, Abrams 3544.

BRASSICACEAE. Mustarp Famity.
1. LEPIDIUM. Peprercrass.

1. Leprprum Fremontit S. Wats. Bot. King. Exped. 30, pl. 4,
f. 3,4. 1871.

Type locality: “Gathered by Fremont on the Mohave River in
1844, and now collected on sandy foothills near Humboldt Sink.”

Distribution: Nevada and Utah south to Arizona and the
Mohave Desert of southern California, where it is common in the
juniper belt. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Desert slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains,
near Willow Springs, dbrams & McGregor 415; between Tehachapi
and Mohave, Abrams 9 McGregor 502; Randsburg, Heller 7679a.

CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Famity.
1. ISOMERIS. Brapperpop.
Capsule strongly inflated.
apsule attenuate at base. 1. I. arborea.
Capsule globose, not attenuate at base. ta. I. arborea globosa.
Capsule scarcely inflated, oblong, attenuate at both ends.
1b. I. arborea angustata.

1. Isomerts arBporea Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 124.
1838.
Cleome Isomeris Greene, Pittonia 1: 200. 1888.

Type locality: “St. Diego.”

Distribution: Vicinity of Mount Pinos southward, especially on
the margins of the deserts, to Lower California. On the coast
slope it is common about San Diego and occurs on the bluffs along
the sea as far northward as Playa del Rey, near Santa Monica.

Specimens examined: Griffens, Lockwood Valley, Elmer 3888;
Playa del Rey, Abrams 2509; La Jolla, Chandler 5002; San Diego,
Dunn, March 17, 1891; Susan G. Stokes, June 4, 1895; Abrams
3524.

( 364)

1a. IoMERIS ARBOREA GLOBOSA Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7:
73. 1892
Isomerts globosa Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 50. 1905.

Type locality: “On Caliente Creek, a few miles above Caliente,
Kern County, California.”

Distribution: Upper end of the San Joaquin Valley in the vicinity
of Caliente westward to the boundary of San Luis Obispo and
Santa Barbara Counties, and also on the Sespe Creek in Ventura
County. ‘There is considerable variation of the type form in the
vicinity of San Diego, and on the desert slopes the two apparently
intergrade.

Specimens examined: Sespe Creek, near Ten Sycamore Flat,
Abrams & McGregor 177; vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams & Mc
Gregor 280.

1b. IsoMERIS ARBOREA ANGUSTATA Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 128
1907.
Type locality: “About Palm Springs and Whitewater.”
Distribution: Mohave and Colorado Deserts also on Cedros
Island (Anthony 7). Lower Sonoran
Specimens examined: Desert slope of Tehachapi Pass, /brams
&F McGregor 504.

HYDRANGEACEAE. Hyprancea Famity.
1. PHILADELPHUS. Syrinea.
I. PHILADELPHUS PUMILUS Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22: 173. 1905.

Type locality: “In rocky places, San Jacinto Mountains, south-
ern California, at an altitude of 2500 meters.”

Distribution: According to Hall this wild syringa is very com-
mon among rocks in the upper parts of the Transition from Lake
Surprise to the head of Round Valley, San Jacinto Mountains,
and “is most plentiful on ridges overlooking the Colorado Desert
at 8000-9000 ft. alt., where the low bushes, covered with profusion
of white flowers, are very conspicuous on the rocky walls in
August.”

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Tamarack Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2500.

( 365 )

GROSSULARIACEAE. Gooseserry Famizy.

Pedicels jointed ie the ovary; nodal spines none or when | hypan-
thium not appar . Ribes.
Pedicels not Hee aedal spines present; hypanthium evden.
. Grossularia.
1. RIBES. Currant.
Stems armed with spines and bristles; hypanthium saucer-shaped.
1. R. montigenum.
Stems without spines or bristles
Calyx smooth, yellow; eaves involute in bud. 2. R. gracillimum.
Calyx pubescent, not yellow; leaves plicate in bud.
Leaves evergreen; holly-like. 3. R. viburnifolium.
Leaves deciduous, not holly-like.
Bracts herbaceous, toothed; flowers greenish or pinkish white.
4. R. cereum.

Bracts scarious, entire or ciliate.
Style glabrous; ovary with only gland-tipped hairs.
. nevadense.
Style villous below; ovary canescent.
lowers pink or purple, 8-10 mm. long.
. R. maloaceum.
Flowers white or greenish-white, 5— : mm. lon
7. R, indecorum,

1. Ripes MonTIGENUM McClatchie, Erythea 5: 38. 1897.

Ribes lacustre molle A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 206. 1876.
Ribes nubigenum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 80. 1894. Not Phil-

ippi, 1857.
Ribes lacustre lentum M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 681.

1895.

Ribes molle Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 1: 209. 1898. Not Poepp.
1858.

Ribes lentum Coville & Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 28.

1902.

Type locality: “Summit of Mt. San Antonio, 10,000 ft. altitude,
among dry exposed rocks.”

Distribution: High mountains of the arid regions from eastern
Washington and Montana southward to southern California and
New Mexico. Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer goro; Mount San
Antonio, MeClatchie, Aug. 16, 1893; Moant San Gorgonio, near
the summit, Hea tf McGregor 746.

(366 )

2. RIBEs GRacILLiMUM Coville & Britton, N. Am. Fl. 22: 205.
1908.

Type locality: “Stanford University, California.”

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra
Nevada of central California southward to southern California.
This species has been referred to R. aureum or R. tenuiflorum in
the California manuals. Upper Son

Specimens examined: Eaton’s Wash, near Sierra Madre, Abrams
1491; Glendora, Baker 4154.

3. RiBEs vIBURNIFOLIUM A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.17: 202. 1882.

Type pa ‘Northern part of Lower California near All
Saints Bay.”

Distribution: Islands off the coast of southern California, and
on the mainland from the vicinity of Del Mar, San Diego County
southward to All Saints Bay, Lower California. Upper and
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Miss Merritt,
April, 1894; Brandegee, May 12, 1894

4. Ripes CEREUM Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 512. 1830.
Cerophyllum Douglasit Spach, Hist. Veg. 6: 153. 1838.

Ribes balsamiferum Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 94. 1861.

Type locality: “On the dry exposed granite rocks or schist,
throughout the chain of the river Columbia from Great Falls, 45°
46’ 17” N. Lat. to the source of that stream in the Rocky Moun-
tains, 52° 07’ 09”.”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia southward through
the Rocky Mountains and along the Pacific Coast to the higher
mountains of southern California. Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3987; Abrams &
McGregor 235; North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, dbrams &9
McGregor 619; near the summit of Mount San Antonio, Leiberg
3354; Abrams 1937, 2707; Huston Flat, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Shaw & Illingsworth 106; Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2350; San Jacinto Mountains, Hasse, July 2, 1892.

5. RIBEs NEVADENSE Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 63. 1855.
Ribes Grantii Heller, Muhlenbergia 4:27. 1908.
Type locality: No locality given with the original description,

(367 )

but according to the label on a drawing of this species by Dr.
Kellogg it was “from a specimen furnished by Mr. Garvett of
Placerville.”

Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains southward through
the Transition Zone of the Sierra Nevada to the mountains of
southern California. Growing in moist places and along streams.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, 4brams &§ McGregor 257;
Mount Wilson, Abrams 2583; Grant, May 17, 1904; Swartout
Valley, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 651; Bear
Valley, Parish 3107; Huston’s Flat, San Bernardino Mountains,
Shaw & Illingsworth ro6.

6. Ripes Mauvaceum Smith, in Rees Cycl. 30, no. 13. 1815.
Ribes malvaceum viridifolium Abrams, Bull. $. Calif. Acad. 1: 67.

1902.

Ribes viridifolium Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 77. 1904.
Ribes purpurascens Heller, Muhlenbergia 4: 29. 1908.

Type locality: “Gathered in California by Mr. Menzies.”

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges of central Cali-
fornia southward to Lower California. The specimens south of
Santa Barbara vary considerably from the typical form and were
described (R. malvaceum viridifolium) as a variety, a disposition
that may prove more logical than the present one which I have
adopted from Coville & Britton. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mission Canyon, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams, March 6, 1909; Santa Monica Mountains, Brewer 69;
Abrams 1313; Cahuenga Pass, Brewer 183; Mount Wilson, on the
Pasadena trail, altitude 1100 meters, Abrams 1525; Santa Anita
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 103; City Creek, San
Bernardino Mountains, Parish, April 14, 1906.

7. RiBEs InDEcCORUM Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 243.
1902.

Ribes maloaceum indecorum Jancz. Mem. Soc. Geneve 35: 325.

1907,

Type locality: “At Cajon Heights, near San Diego, California.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the mountains of Ventura
County southward to the international boundary, and probably
extending into adjacent Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountain, near Santa Paula,

( 368 )

Abrams ©§ McGregor 35; San Fernando Valley, Brewer 200;
Arroyo Seco Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 18; Grant

Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 673; Whitewater, Vasey, 1881;
Toro Mountains, altitude 1300 meters, Leiberg 3166; San Ysabel,
Henshaw 212; Fallbrook, Jones 3102; Oriflamme Canyon, Cuia-
maca Mountains, Abrams 3936; Cajon Heights, Eastwood, March
14, 1891; Potrero, Abrams 3551; Ramona, Brandegee, March,
1906.
z. GROSSULARIA. GoosEBErry.

Flowers 5-merou

erry re ae eet

erbage gl

nt; prickles Coe ere
. G. amara.
Herbage not glandular-pubescent; prickles stiff, not gland-tipped.
Leaves shiny, minutely and sparsely pubescent; aa
twice the length of the tube. 2. G. hesperi
Leaves canescent; calyx-lobes equaling the tube.
. G. Roesli.
Berry without ara glabrous or pubescent.
tyles glabrous; flowers yellow
Herbage ee ee berries yellow.

4. G. celutina.
Herbage puberulent, not glandular; berries red.
5. G. quercetorum.
Styles pubescent below; flowers purple.
6. G. Parishit.
Flowers 4-merous, bright red and showy. 7. G. speciosa,

1. GrossuLARIA AMARA (MecClatchie) Coville & Britton, N. Am.
1. 22: 216. 190

Ribes amarum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 79. 1894.

Type locality: “Shaded canyons of the San Gabriel Mountains.”

Distribution: On shaded canyon slopes in the chaparral belt
from the southern Sierra Nevada southward through the moun-
tains of southern California to the San Bernardino Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Santa Barbara, Elmer 3753; Abrams,
March 6, 1909; San Gabriel Mountains, near Pasadena, Mc Clat-
chie, March, 1896; Mlillards Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Abrams, March, 1899; Mount Wilson trail, altitude 700 meters,
Abrams 1508; Canon Diablo, San Bervarding Mountains, Parish,
July, 1901; San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountaing Baker
4004.

(369 )

2. GROSSULARIA HESPERIA Seeger’, Coville & Britton, N.
Am. Fl. 22: 215. 1908.

Ribes hesperium McClatchie, ee 2: 79. 94.
Ribes occidentale hesperium Jancz. Mem. Soc. Geneve 35: 68.

Type locality: “(Common in shaded canyons of the San Gabriel
Mountains.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt from the mountains of
Ventura County southward to the San Gabriel Mountains.

Specimens examined: Sulphur Mountains Spring, near Santa
Paula, Abrams &% McGregor 8; Santa Monica Mountains, Brewer
72; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 250,
319, 2562; Santa Monica Canyon, Abrams 1477; San Gabriel
Mountains near Pasadena, McClatchie, Jan., 1894; Cahuenga
Pass, Brewer 184; Eaton’s Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Braunton 751; Santa Anita Canyon, Grinnell ror.

3. Grossutaria Roezu Regel, Gartenflora 28: 226. 1879.

Ribes amictum Greene, Pittonia 1: 69. 1887.
Ribes aridum Greene, Pittonia 4: 35. 1889.
Ribes Wilsonianum Greene, Erythea 3: 70. 1895.

Type locality: Western North America.

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada southward through the
mountains of southern California. This species occurs most
abundantly in the arid parts of the Transition Zone and in the
higher altitudes of the Upper Sonoran in the interior foothills.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams &F McGregor 481; Fort Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 296;
Mount Pinos, Elmer 3811; summit of Hines Peak, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams (9 McGregor 79; Mount Gleason, Elmer 4249; North
Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams t? McGregor 606; Mount
San Antonio, Abrams 2713; Leiberg 3357; Mount Santiago, Santa
Ana Mountains, Abrams 1833; Middle Peak, Cuiamaca Moun-
tains, Abrams 3860; Palomar Mountain, Parish 4404.

4. Grossutaria vELuTINA (Greene) Coville & Britton, N. Am.
Fl. 22: 220. 1908.

Ribes leptanthum brachyanthum A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 205.8176.
Ribes velutinum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 83. 188

( 370)

Ribes brachyanthum Card, Bush Fruits 460. 1898.
Ribes glanduliferum Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 56. 1905.
Ribes Stanfordii Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 41: 315. 1906.

Type locality: “Open grounds in the northern part of Cali-
fornia and the region adjacent.”

Distribution: Eastern Oregon and Utah southward to northern
Arizona and southern California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 30958.

5. GROSSULARIA QUERCETORUM (Greene) Coville & Britton, N.
m. Fl. 22: 220. 1908

Ribes quercetorum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 83. 1885.

Ribes Congdoni Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 101. 1904.

Ribes leptanthum quercetorum Jancz. Mem. Soc. Geneve 35: 381.

1907.

Type locality: “El Paso de Robles [California].”

Distribution: Southern Monterey County and Mariposa County
southward to the Liebre Mountains in Los Angeles County. In
southern California this species is confined to the vicinity of Fort
Tejon, extending southward on the hills bordering the western
part of Antelope Valley to Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fort Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 204;
Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams to McGregor
310.

6. Grossutaria Parisu (Heller) Coville & Britton, N. Am. FI.
22: 224. 1908.
Ribes Parishit Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 134. 1906.

Type locality: “San Bernardino Valley, San Bernardino County,
California, altitude 1000 feet.”

Distribution: The two stations given below are the only local-
ities where this species has been noted. It is related to G. divari-
catum which has been reported from Santa Barbara County, but
that is less pubescent and has the stamens exceeding instead of
equaling the calyx-lobes. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Oak Knoll, near Pasadena, McClatchie,
Feb. 10, 1894; near San Bernardino, Vasey, 1881; Parish 6001;
and April 14, 1906.

(371)

7. GrossuLaRia speciosa (Pursh) Coville & Britton, N. Am.
22: 212. 1908.

Ribes speciosum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 731. 1814.

Robsonia speciosa Spach, Hist. Veg. 6: 181. 1838.

Type locality: “On the north-west coast.” First collected by
Menzies, probably at Monterey.

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges from Monterey
County south to San Diego. In southern California this species
is chiefly confined to the Coastal Sub-district. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, Abrams,
March 6, 1909; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2563, 3118; Sherman, Braunton 362; Eagle Rock Canyon,
near Pasadena, Braunton 180; Twin Oaks, Bailey 306; Oceanside,
Parish 4456; San Diego, Dunn, March 21, 1891.

PLATANACEAE. PLane-rReE Famity.
1. PLATANUS. Sycamore or PLANE-TREE.
1. PLatanus RaceMosa Nutt. N. Am. Sylva 1: 47. 1842.
Platanus aa Benth. Bot. Sulph. 54.

Type ele “A native of Upper Calorie in the vicinity
of Sta. Barbara.

Distribution: From the lower Sacramento Valley and the inner
Coast Ranges southward to northern Lower California. In south-
ern California this species is common along streams and on canyon
floors in the mountains to altitudes of 600 meters, or occasionally,
on the desert slopes, extending to 1200 meters. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3831; Sulphur
Mountain Spring, near Santa Paula, dbrams &F McGregor 61; Ten
Sycamore Flat, Sespe Creek, Abrams &§ McGregor 165; Rock
Creek, desert slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 529; Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1253; between
Los Angeles and Pasadena, Abrams, March, 1899; San Gabriel,
Cox, March 28, 1908; Alpine, Mearns 4035; Sweetwater Valley,
Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895.

CROSSOSOMATACEAE. Crossoma Famity.
1. CROSSOSOMA.

Petals broadly obovate or orbicular-obovate; follicles a -seeded.
. californicum.
Petals spatulate to oblong; follicles few-seeded. 2. e Bigelovii.

(372)

1. CROSSOSOMA CALIFORNICUM Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 50
1848.

Type locality: Santa Catalina Island
Distribution: This insular species has been found on Santa
Catalina, San Clemente,and Guadalupe Islands, but not on the
mainland. It is included for comparison and on account of its
botanical interest.
2. Crossosoma Bicetovu $8, Wats, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122.
1876.

Type ee canyons near the south of Bill Williams

River, W. Arizo
Distribution: een Arizona and adjacent California
southward to Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: White-water S. B. & W. F. Parish 10

no locality, Parry &% Lemmon 4; Palm Springs, Parish 4105

ROSACEAE. Rose Famity.

Carpels becoming drupelets in fruit
Receptacle conical; stems prickly. 3. Rubus.
ptacle flat; stems not prickly. 4. Rubacer.
ay Becoming ae achenes or 2-seeded follicles
anthium not fleshy
sone elongated and plumose in fruit.
Ca 5-parted; leaves alternate.
als present; flowers showy, terminal on short or elon-

gated peduncles; leaves small, lobed.

Sepals with alternate linear bractlets.

5. Fallugia.
Sepals without bractlets. Cowania.
Petals none; flowers small, axillary; leaves toothed or
entir erocarpus.
9. Coleogyne.

Calyx ee leaves opposi
Styles not one ng long and oh aa in fruit; petals present.
Lyonothamnus.

Leaves opposite.

ne alternate.
wers uae te or racemose; leaves simple.

aves plain, toothed above the middle.

2. Sericotheca,

Leaves terete, rarely obscurely toothed
wldenostoma.

Flowers corymbose or solitary
ves 1-5-cleft; flowers solitary. 10. Kunzia.

(373 )

Leaves 3-pinnate; flowers corymbose.
11. Chamaebatia,
Hypanthium fleshy, becoming bright-colored and pome-like in fruit.
12. Ros

1. LYONOTHAMNUS.
1. LyonoTrHamMNus FLoripuNDUs A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20:
292. 18865.
Lyonothamnus asplenifolius Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 187.
188

Type locality: “Santa Catalina Island.”

Distribution: This monotypic genus is restricted to the islands
off the coast of southern California, where it has been found on
Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente. Although this
species has not been found on the mainland it is included on
account of its botanical and horticultural interest.

z. SERICOTHECA.
Inflorescence ample, well-compound; leaves 3-6 cm. long. 1. S. franciscana,
Inflorescence small and narrow, simple, racemose, or with a few short branches;
leaves 1-1.5 cm. long. 2. S. concolor.

I. SERICOTHECA FRANCISCANA Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22: 262. 1908.
Type locality: “San Leandro, California.”
Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California southward to the
vicinity of Los Angeles. Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Griffith Park, near Los Angeles, Braunton
62.

2. SERICOTHECA concoLor Rydb. N. Am. Fl. 22: 264. 1908.

Spiraea discolor dumosa S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 170. 1876, in part.
Holodiscus discolor dumosa 8. Wats.; Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles

196. I904.

Type locality: “Mt. Davidson, Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Nevada and adjacent California, south-
ward through the higher mountains of southern California. Can-
adian Zone.

Specimens: Mount Pinos, on the summit, dbrams & McGregor
234; Mount San Antonio, near the summit, Abrams 1917; Green
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Hall 13z1; near the summit
of Mount San Gorgonio, Abrams F McGregor 756; Tahquitz Valley,
San Jacinto Mountains, Wall 2465

(374)
3. RUBUS. Bramsue.

Drupelets separating from the receptacle in fruit. 1. Rubus leucodermis.
Drupelets persistent on the receptacle. 2. Rubus vitifolius.

1. Rusus LteEuvcopermis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.1:178. 1833,

Type locality: “North-West Coast America.”

Distribution: British Columbia south to Wyoming and the
mountains of southern California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Wilson, Abrams 2584; North Baldy,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 617; Mill Creek
Falls, Parish 5046.

2. Rusus vitirotius Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 10. 1827.

Type locality: “Ad San Francisco Californiae reperimus.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California south to the
southern boundary of the State. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3781; Sulphur
Mountain, Abrams tF McGregor 22; Pasadena, Jones, 1882; Santa
Monica Mountains, Abrams 1309; Palomar Mountain, altitude
1500 meters, Susan G. Stokes, July 21, 1895; San Diego, Parry,
1850.

4. RUBACER. Tuimp_e BERRY.
1. RuBacER vELuTINUM (Hook. & Arn.) Heller, Muhlenbergia
1: 106. 1904.

Rubus velutinus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832.

Rubus Nutkanus velutinus Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1: 172. 1876.
Type locality: “A native of San Francisco,” California.
Distribution: Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada south to

San Pedro Martir Mountain, Lower California. Transition and

Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fremont’s Pass, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Mrs. M. Marshall, July, 1907; Job’s Peak, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Parish 2367; Palomar (Smith) Mountain, Susan G. Stokes,
July 28, 1895.

5. FALLUGIA.
1. Fattucia parapoxa (Don) Endi.; Torr. Emory, Notes
Mil. Reconnois. 140. 1848.

Steversia paradoxa Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 576, pl. 22, figs.
- 1825

(375)

Type locality: “In Mexico.”

Distribution: Providence Mountains, southeastern California,
eastward through southern Utah to western Texas, and south
through northern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

pecimens examined: Providence Mountains, Cooper.

6. COWANIA.
1. Cowanta StanssuriAna Torr. Stansb. Exped. 386. pl. 3. 1852.

Type locality: “Stansbury’s Island, Salt Lake.”

Distribution: Utah and Nevada southward through Arizona
and New Mexico. Lower Sonoran. C. mexicana Don, of central
Mexico, has a shorter, almost campanulate calyx-tube

Specimens examined: This has been collected by Brandegee i in
the Providence Mountains, but I have not seen his specimens.

Cowania mexicana dubia Brandegee (Zoe 5: 149. 1903) I
have not seen. Its flowers are smaller than those of C. Stans-
buriana and the styles are densely covered with short bristle-like
hairs instead of plumose.

7. CERCOCARPUS. Mountain MAHOGANY.

Leaves narrowly lanceolate; margins entire, revolute. 1. C, ledifolius.

alyx tomentose; its teeth broadly Seas 2. C. betulaefolius.
Calyx glabrous; its teeth nearly subulate. 3. C. minutiflorus.
Leaves oval to rounded, densely white downy beneath.
4. C. Traskiae.

1. CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl.N. Am. 1:

Type locality: “Rocky Mountains, in alpine situation on the
summits of the hills of Bear River of Timanagos, near the cele-
brated ‘Lear Springs.”

Distribution: Southwestern Washington and southern Idaho
south to southern California and Arizona. Most frequent in the
upper part of the Transition Zone, but sometimes extends to the
edges of the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3974; Mount San
Antonio, Abrams ro19, 2680; Mill Creek Falls, altitude 1800
meters, Parish 5066; North Baldy, San Gabriel Mountains,

(376)

Abrams &§ McGregor 616; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 663.

2. CERCOCARPUS BETULAEFOLIUS Nutt.; Hook. Ic. Pl. 4: pl. 322.
1841.
Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 427.
1840

Cercocarpus parvifolius glaber S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 175. 1876.
Cercocarpus parvifolius betuloides Sarg. Silva N. Am. 4: 66. 1892.

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California southward
to the mountains of northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Brandegee, June,
1889; Elmer 3868; Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara, Abrams
4121; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 3116;
Fort Tejon, Abrams €% McGregor 293; Topatopa Mountains,
Abrams &§ McGregor 108; Oakgrove Canyon, Abrams & McGregor
325; Mount Wilson trail, Abrams 1522; near Monrovia, Dudley,
Nov. 18, 1907; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 588; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams
&¥ McGregor 674; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams & McGregor 707; Mill Creek Canyon, Abrams &S McGregor
&20; Santa Ana Mountains, near Elsinore, Abrams, July 21, 1908;
near Campo, Abrams 3611; Jacumba Hot Spring, Mearns 3356.

aC US MINUTIFLORUS Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
37: 149. 1910.
Cercocarpus parvifolius glaber 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 175. 1876,
excluding Nuttall’s specimen, which is the type.
Cercocarpus betulaefolius minor Schneider, Handb. Laubholzk. 1:

531. 1905 (?)

Type locality: “On chaparral covered hills near San Dieguito on
road to San Diego.”

Distribution: On chaparral covered hills and mesas from the
vicinity of Escondido, San Diego County, southward and westward
to northern Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams 3376.

4. ee TraskIaE Eastwood, Proc. Calif.
Acad. III. 1: 136. 1898.
Type locality: ‘At the northern part of the a (Santa Cata-
lina] in a volcanic region known as ‘Salte Verde.’

(377)

Distribution: This peculiar species has been found only at the
type locality. It is included here on account of its botanical
interest

8. ADENOSTOMA. Cuamisez.
Leaves_fascicled, channelled on one side.
Leaves,linear-subulate, acute, 6-9 mm. aS
. A. fasciculatum.
Leaves obtuse, 4-6 mm. lon . A. fasciculatum obtusifolium.
Leaves not fascicled, narrowly neat 6-10 mm. ee
3. A. sparsifolium.

1." ADENOSTOMA FascicuLatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 139,
I. 30. 1832

Type locality: “In sandy plains in the Bay of Monterey.”

Distribution: The chamise is one of the most characteristic
shrubs of the California chaparral, being confined to the California
Sub-area of the Upper Sonoran. In southern California it is much
more abundant on foothills bordering the interior valleys, than on
the coastal mountains. Over large tracts on the eastern end of the
San Gabriel Mountains and on the lower southern slopes of the San
Bernardino Mountains it often forms almost pure thickets.

Specimens examined: Montecito, Franceschi, 1894; Red Reef
Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &9 McGregor rgo; Mount
Wilson, Grinnell, June 6, 1903; Little Santa Anita Canyon,
Abrams 2649; Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1263; vicinity
of San Bernardino, Parish 4838; Lone Pine Canyon, San Ga-
briel Mountains, Abrams t§ McGregor 665; near Potrero, Abrams
3727.

1a. ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATUM OBTUSIFOLIUM S. Wats. Bot.
alif. 1: 184. 1876.
Adenostoma fasciculatum var. 8 Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:

Adenosioma pace Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 430.

1840, as a synonym.

Type locality: San Dieg

Distribution: Chiefly ee to the vicinity of San Diego, and
extending from there southward into Lower California, but what
seems to be identical occurs on the desert slopes of the Liebre
Mountains. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

(378)

Specimens examined: “Upper California,” Nuttall; San Diego,
Emory, 1846; Thurber 564; Palmer 79; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre
Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 387.

2. ADENOSTOMA SPARSIFOLIUM Torr. in Emory’s Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 140. 1848.

Type locality: “Cordilleras of California.” Vicinity of Warner’s
ranch, San Diego County, where it was collected by Emory, Dec.
2, 1846.

Distribution: San Jacinto Mountains southward to Lower Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Warner’s ranch, Emory, Dec.
2, 1846; mountains east of San Diego, Parry, July, 1850; near
Pine Valley, Orcutt, August 31, 1883; Mearns 3982; exposed south
slopes in the vicinity of Chalk Hill, altitude 1440 meters, San
Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2638; San Felipe, altitude goo meters,
Susan G. Stokes, July 25, 1895.

g. COLEOGYNE.

1. CoLEOGYNE RAMosissiMA Torr. Pl. Frem. 8, pl. 4. 1853.

Type locality: “Sources of the Mohave and Virgin Rivers,
tributaries of the Colorado of the West, in the mountains of south-
ern California.”

Distribution: Almost throughout the Mohave Desert, eastward
to southern Nevada and Arizona. Higher altitudes of the Lower
Sonoran, and extending into the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Ironwood Spring, Colorado Desert, Bran-
degee, April 7, 1901.

to. KUNZIA.
1. Kuwnzia GLANDULOSA (Curran) Greene, Pittonia 2: 299. 1892.

Purshia glandulosa Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 153. 1885.
Type locality: ‘““On the Mohave side of Tehachapi Pass.”
Distribution: Desert slopes of the mountains bordering the

Mojave Desert. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Davidson, Aug., 1901;
Abrams ۤ McGregor 528; Gold Mountain, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, altitude 2300 meters, Abrams 20609; southeastern slope of
Mount Pinos, Abrams & McGregor 259; between Tehachapi and

(379)

Willow Springs, Abrams € McGregor 426; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 662.

11. CHAMAEBATIA.

1, CHAMAEBATIA AUSTRALIS (Brandegee) Abrams, Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 34: 623. 1907.

Chamaebatia foliolosa australis Brandegee, Bot. Gaz. 27: 447.
18

99.

Type locality: “La Gruella, Lower California,” and “Mt.
Miguel near San Diego.”

Distribution: Mount Miguel, southern San Diego County, south-
ward through the foothills of northern Lower California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Miguel Mountain, Chandler 5214.

12. ROSA. Rose.

Foliage more or less glandular-pubescent or puberulent
Infrastipular spines present, these and the prickles recurved or reflexed.
Leaflets canescent beneath with a close eae pubescence.
ldersont.
Leaflets scarcely paler beneath, somewhat Saas la bescent.
z R. Ee
Infrastipular spines wanting; prickles often numerous, slender an
straigh . gratissima.

ght. 3.
Foliage glabrous; infrastipular spines wanting; prickles straight.
4. R. mohavensis.

1. Rosa AtpErsont Greene, Pittonia 5: 110. 1903.

Type locality: “Witch Creek, San Diego Co., California.”

Distribution: This species is closely related to R. californica
and may be merely a canescent form of it, but it seems to occupy
a more or less distinct geographic area. The plants I have
referred to this species grow in the higher parts of the chaparral
and in the Transition Zone of the San Bernardino and the Cuiamaca
Mountains.

Specimens examined: West Fork of Deep Creek, San Ber-
nardinoMountains, Abrams & McGregor 714; Strawberry Peak,
San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 2054; Witch Creek, Cue
amaca Mountains, Alderson, June, 1894; Pine Valley, Mearns
3984.

( 380 )

2. Rosa caLirornica Cham. & Sch. Linnaea 2: 35. 1827.

Type locality: “San Francisco.”

Distribution: In the Coast Ranges and the interior of central
California, southward to San Diego and perhaps northern Lower
California. In southern California it is the only rose in the valleys
and lower foothills of the coastal slope. There is considerable
variation in the shape of the leaves and in their serrations. In most
of the material examined the hypanthium is globose and glabrous
in the flowering stage. Specimens from Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre
Mountains, however, have an obovate hypanthium, and others from
Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, are pubescent on the
hypanthium and sepals. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4195; Fort Tejon,
Abrams &§ McGregor 292; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams ( McGregor 135; between Oakgrove Canyon and
Elizabeth Lake, Abrams &F McGregor 407; Santa Monica Canyon,
Abrams 1451; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2539; San Gabriel, Bigelow, March, 1853; vicinity of
San Bernardino, Parish 4191; Lakeside, Abrams 3763; near San
Diego, Susan G. Stokes, June 15, 1895.

3. Rosa cratissima Greene, Fl. Fran. 73. 1891.

Type locality: “Borders of wet meadows, and about springy
places in the mountains of Kern Co.”

Distribution: The Tehachapi Mountains southward along the
desert slopes to the San Bernardino Mountains. This species is
chiefly confined to the desert slopes of the Transition Zone border-
ing the pion belt.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams (& McGregor 482; Mount Pinos, Elmer 3732; Rock Creek,
desert slope of the San Gabriel Mountains, altitude 1800 meters,
Abrams {8 McGregor 586; Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &9 McGregor 652; Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams 2827.

4. Rosa monavensis Parish, Bull. 8. Calif. Acad. 1: 87, al. 7.
1902.
Rosa californica glabrata Parish, Erythea 6: 88. 1808.
Type locality: “On the desert side of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains, near water, Cushenberry Springs, altitude 400 feet.”

(381 )

Distribution: Mr. Parish reports this species from the desert
slope of Mount San Antonio and Rock Creek. Itis closely related
to R. gratissima, of which it may prove to be merely a glabrate
form. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cushenberry Springs, Parish 4981.

ee Appie Famizy.

Carpels 2, free and sep 1. Heteromeles.
Carpels 5, united and aca wes the fleshy hypanthium. 2. Amelanchier,

1. HETEROMELES. Curistmas BERRY oR TOLLON.
1. Heteromeles salicifolia (Presl.).

Photinia salicifolia Presl. Epimel. Bot. 204. 1849.
Crataegus arbutifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 202. 1811. Not Lam.

1783.
Photinia arbuttfolia Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 103. 1821,
Heteromeles arbutifolia Roem. Syn. Monog. 3: 105. oo
sania Fremontiana Dec. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par. 10: 144.

874.

Type locality: “Habitat in California ad Monte-rey et ad portum
S. Blas Mexico occidentalis.

Distribution: The tollon or christmas berry is characteristic
of the California Sub-area. It extends from Mendocino County
through the coast ranges and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada
to northern Lower California. It also occurs on the islands off
the coast of northern California, and on Cedros Island. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3857; Elizabeth
Lake, Abrams &¥ McGregor 413; Little Santa Anita Canyon, San
Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 2648; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams
Aug. 10, 1900; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, dbrams
&% McGregor 676; Pine Valley, San Diego County, Mearns 3975;
Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June 19, 1895.

2. AMELANCHIER. Servicer BERRY.

Sepals erect; leaves cuspidate, entire or inconspicuously serrate at apex.
1. A.

pallida,
Sepals strongly reflexed; leaves not cuspidate, distinctly serrate above.
Hypanthium and sepals tomentose without. 2. A. venulosa.

Hypanthium and sepals glabrous without. 3. A. recurvaia,

( 382)

1. AMELANCHIER PALLIDA Greene, Fl, Fran. 53. 1891.

Type locality: “Common or dry hills of the northern and north-
eastern parts of the State [California].”

Distribution: I have seen no authentic specimens of this species,
but the specimens here referred to it answer the description.
The distribution, as originally given, is therefore greatly extended.
Transition.

Specimens examined: Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains,
Abrams (9 McGregor 490; Cuiamaca Lake, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 30912.

2. AMELANCHIER VENULOSA Greene, Pittonia 4: 21. 1899.
Type locality: “Cushenberry Springs, in Southern California.”
Distribution: Apparently confined to the pinion belt and the

Transition Zone of the San Gabriel and the San Bernardino Moun-
tains. The specimens from Dry Lake are not typical, and possibly
are nearer the Sierra Nevada plant which has recently been named
A. siskiyouensis.

Specimens examined: Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, Abrams &F McGregor 633; Fawnskin Park, San Bernardino
Mountains, Parish 4992; Hathaway Flat, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 808; Dry Lake Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams F McGregor 783.

3. AMELANCHIER RECURVATA Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 37:
ISt fe)
Type locality: “In moist places in the Topatopa Mountains,
altitude 5500 feet, Abrams &5 McGregor 107.”
Distribution: Only known from the Topatopa Mountains, but
probably occurs elsewhere in the Transition Zone in the mountains
of Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties.

AMYGDALACEAE. Peacu Famity.

Ovary and fruit glabrous.
Leaves deciduous

Flowers corymbose or umbellate. 1. Cerasus.
Flowers racemose. 2. Padus
Leaves evergreen. 3. Laurocerasus,
Ovary and fruit velvety-pubescent. 4. Amygdalus.

( 383 )

1. CERASUS. Cuerry.
i. CERASUS ARIDA Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 57. 1905.

Type locality: ‘Borders of the desert at eastern base of the
San Bernardino Mountains.”

Distribution: The cherry referred to this species occurs spar-
ingly in the Transition Zone of the San Gabriel, San Bernardino
and Cuiamaca Mountains. Considerable variation occurs in the
specimens examined, and it is evident that a great deal of field
study must be given to the western cherries before they are under-
stood. ‘The specimens from Strawberry Peak have narrow, oblan-
ceolate, acutish leaves, which are pubescent and somewhat glan-
dular on the lower surface. They also differ in their prominent
approximate veins.

Specimens examined: Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 1725 meters,
Hall 1471; near Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams (8 McGregor 727; South Peak, Cuiamaca Mountains,
Abrams 3943; Green Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, 4brams
&F McGregor 734; San Jacinto Mountains, Hasse 5680, 1263;
San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2180 meters, Parish 3320.

z. PADUS. CHOKE CHERRY.
1. Papus pemissa (Nutt.) Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 87. 1847.

Cerasus demissa Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI.N.Am.1:411. 1840.

Prunus demissa Walp. Rep. 2: 10.

Padus virginiana demissa Schneider, Hondo: Laubholzk. 1: 642.
1906.

Type locality: ‘‘Plains of ae Oregon towards the sea, and at
the mouth of the Wahlamet.’

Distribution: Washington and Idaho to southern California.
In southern California there is considerable variation in pubes-
cence. The Cuiamaca specimens are glabrous except for pubes-
sence along the mid-vein, thus approaching very closely P. melano-
carpa of the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin. Upper Sonoran
and Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount San Antonio, altitude 2700 meters,
Abrams 2697; Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Hail,
June, 1899; Abrams &F McGregor 639; North Baldy, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams % McGregor 620; Cuiamaca, Abrams 3828;
“summit of the cordillaries east of San Diego,” Parry, June, 1850.

( 384 )

3. LAUROCERASUS. Hottiy-Leavep CHERRY.

1. Laurocerasus intcrFroLia (Nutt.) Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 92.
1847.
Cerasus ilicifolia Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beach. Voy. 340.

1832.

Prunus ilicifolia Walp. Rep. 2: 10. 1843.

Type locality: “St. Barbara, California, Douglas, Nuttall.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges from San Francisco Bay south to
the southern borders of the State. In the northern part of its
range this species often becomes a good sized tree, but in our region
it is usually reduced to a shrub. The holly-leafed cherry is com-
mon throughout southern California in the foothills and moun-
tains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Douglas; Nuttall; Santa
Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3775; Cuddy Canyon, near Tejon Pass,
Abrams §F McGregor 282; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica
Mountains, dbrams 2551; Mount Lowe, Grant 1046; hills near Ver-
dugo, Abrams 1380; Reche Canyon, Hall rro4; vicinity of San
Bernardino; Parish, June, 1897, Potrero, Abrams 3741; moun-
tains east of San Diego, Parry 1850; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Mearns 3354.

4. AMYGDALUS. Atmonp.
Leaves narrowly spatulate, entire; styles very short. 1. A. fasiculata.
Leaves ovate or nearly round; denticulate; styleselongated. 2. .£. Fremonti.

1. AMycpaLus Fascicutata (Torr.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 49. 1891.

Emplectocladus fasciculatus Torr. Pl. Frem.to, pl. 5. 1850. Pru-
nus fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 70. 1874.

Type locality: “Sierra Nevada of California; probably in the
southern part of the range.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains
north to the eastern slopes of the southern Sierra Nevada and east-
ward to southern Utah and Arizona. Canyons and rocky slopes
of the juniper belt. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, desert slope of the San
Gabriel Mountains, 4drams & AlcGregor 525; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 668; Cushenberry
Spring, Abrams 2152; summit of Providence Mountains, Cooper,
May 29, 1861

( 385 )

2. Amygdalus Fremontii (S. Wats.).

Prunus Fremoniti S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 442. 1880.

Type locality: “Coast Ranges of southern California; Ori-
flamme Canyon, San Diego County (D. Cleveland); San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Parry &% Lemmon, n. 108, 1876. Also collected
by Fremont in 1846, locality uncertain.”

Distribution: Southern slopes of the Chuckawalla Mountains,
south to northern Lower California. Lower Sonoran and extend-
ing into the lower edges of the Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Felipe, Parry, 1850 (Referred to
Prunus subcordata by Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 63); no locality,
Parry & Lemmon 108.

MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Famtty.

Stamens numerous; pods flattened, straight or more or less curved.
1. Acaci.

Stamens 10.
Pods straight or slightly curved. 2. Prosopis.
Pods coiled into a spiral. 3. Strombocarpus.

1. ACACIA. Acacia.
1. Acacia Greco A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 65. 1850.

Type locality: ‘“Western Texas” and “dry valley west of Patos,
Northern Mexico.’

Distribution: A characteristic shrub of the Lower Sonoran, ex-
tending from the western borders of the Colorado Desert in south-
ern California eastward to western Texas and southward into Lower
California and northern Mexico.

Specimens examined: Banner, Susan G. Stokes, July 26, 1895;
San Felipe, Abrams 3970; Carriso Creek, Abrams 3985; Piute
Creek, Norman C. Wilson, June 6, 1893; near Indio, Hall 5987;
Jacumba Hot Spring, Cleveland, July 3, 1884; Providence Moun-
tains, Brandegee, May 25, 1902.

2. PROSOPIS. Mesauit.
Leaves glabrous. 1. P. glandulosa.
Leaves pubescent. 2. P. velutina.
1. Prosopis GLANDULOSA Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 192. 1828.
Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 313, i. 1.
1845, excluding fruit which is Strombocarpus pubescens.
Type locality: “On the Canadian? [River].”

(386)

Distribution: Deserts of southern California eastward to western
Texas, and southward into Lower California and northern Mexico.
The Prosopis juliflora of the California botanies, but not DC.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lancaster, Elmer 3726; Cushenberry
Springs, Abrams 2148; San Bernardino, Parish 2928; Abrams
2148; San Jacinto Lake, Hall rro6; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes,
July 25, 1895; San Diego, Herre, July 19, 1902.

2. Prosopis vELUTINA Wooten, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 456.
1898.

Type locality: Several localities were originally cited, but the
plants from which the description was drawn were collected b
Pringle “in Arizona on mesas and in valleys,” and by Wilcox “at
Fort Huachuca, Ariz.”

Distribution: Southern Arizona southward into adjacent Sonora.
A single arborescent shrub, apparently indigenous, was found by
the writer on the sandy river bottom of the San Diego River, near
Grantville, southwestern San Diego County. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Grantville, Abrams 3753.

3. STROMBOCARPUS. Screw-Bean.

1. STROMBOCARPUS PUBESCENS (Benth.) A. Gray; Torr. Pacif. R.
5: 360. 1858.

Prosopis pubescens Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 82. 1846.
Prosopis Emoryi Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconnois. 139.

Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep. 313. 1845,
in part.

Type locality: This species is said to have been collected in
“California between San Miguel and Monterey,” but the species
has not since been found in that part of the State. Coulter, the col-
lector, travelled southward from Monterey to Yuma, and it is
probable that he obtained his specimens somewhere in the Colo-
rado Desert along the old San Felipe and Yuma trail.

Distribution: From the interior and eastern parts of the Mohave
Desert southward into Lower California and Sonora. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Bernardino, Parish, July 8,

( 387 )

1898; Abrams 2054; Imperial Valley, near Calexico, Abrams

3999-
CAESALPINIACEAE. Senna Famity.

Leaves simple, rounded; flowers resembling the papilionaceous, purple.
1. Cerets

Leaves 1-2-pinnate; flowers regular, yellow.
Pods not compressed, torose, gland on upper petal wanting.
2

. Parkinsonia.
Pod compressed, only slightly contracted between the seeds; gland on
upper petal prominent. 3. Cercidium.

1. CERCIS. Rep-sup.

1. CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS Torr.; A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.
> 177. 1850

Cercis californica Torr.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 361. 1857.
Siliquastrum occidentale Greene, Man. Bay Region, 84. 1894.
Type locality: “Rocky plains of the Upper Guadaloupe.”
Distribution: Lower edges of the Arid Transition from Sacra-
mento Canyon and Mendocino County southward to the Cuiamaca
Mountains, also in New Mexico and western Texas.
Specimens examined: Cuiamaca Mountains, between Cuiamaca
and Oriflamme Mines, Abrams 3924.

z. PARKINSONIA.

Rachis flattened, much-elongated; eae scattered. . P. aculeat
Rachis terete; leaflets in distinct pai 2. P. ae.

1. ParKINSONIA ACULEATA L. Sp. Pl. 375. 1753.

Type locality: “Habitat in America calidiore.”

Distribution: Valley of the Colorado River, northern Mexico
and the lower Rio Grande; naturalized in the West Indies and
the tropics of both hemispheres. Lower Sonoran and Tropical.

Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from
southern California.

2. PARKINSONIA MICROPHYLLA Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 82. 1857.

Type locality: “Banks of the Colorado [where it was collected
by Mr. Schott near Fort Yuma] and on Williams River.”

Distribution: Deserts of southern Arizona west to the Colorado
Desert of southern California, and southward to adjacent Sonora
and Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

( 388 )

Specimens examined: Diluvial banks of the Colorado, Ft.
Yuma, Schott, Jan. 13, 1854.

3. CERCIDIUM. Pato veErDE.
1. Cerciprum Torreyana (S. Wats.) Sargent, Gard. & For. 2:
388. 1889.

Parkinsonia Torreyana 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 135. 1876.

Type locality: “On the Lower Colorado River and in the valleys
of western and southern Arizona.”

Distribution: Colorado Desert and western Arizona southward
into Sonora and Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: The Needles, Jones 3864; Palm Springs,
Parish 4115; Mecca, Miss M. Mc Kibben; Coyote Canyon, Hall
2790; Salton, Davey 8043.

KRAMERIACEAE. Kramertia Famity.

1. KRAMERIA.

Prickles of the fruit barbed their whole length. 1. K. parotfolia,
Prickles of the fruit barbed only at apex. 2. K. Grayi.

1. KraMERIA PARVIFOLIA Benth. Bot. Voy Sulph. 6, pl. 2. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena,” Lower California.

Distribution: Tia Juana southward into Lower California, and
eastward to southern New Mexico and adjacent Sonora. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rabbit Springs, Mohave Desert, Parish
2334; eastern base of San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 211g; San
Felipe, Thurber 632; Jacumba Hot Spring, 4brams 3662; Cleve-
land’s specimens from the vicinity of San Diego, which are cited
in the “Botany of California,’ I have not seen.

2. Krameria Grayi Rose & Painter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 108.
1906.

Krameria canescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 42. 1852. Not

Willd. 1825.

Type locality: “Prairies near the Pecos.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, south-
ern California, eastward to New Mexico, and southward into ad-
jacent Lower California and Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

(389 )

Specimens examined: Morongo Canyon, Parish 2979; Signal
Mountain, Abrams 3170, and Dec. 29, 1907; San Felipe, Parry,

FABACEAE. Pea Famity.

Leaves palmately foliate.
Flowers solitary. 1. Xylothermia,
Flowers racemose. 2. Lupinus.
Leaves unequally or equally pinnate or rarely entire.

Flowers umbellate or solitary. 3. Syrmatium,
Flowers in spikes or racemes, not umbellate.
Herbage glandular-dotted.
taal racemose; wings and keel wanting. 4. Amorpha,
Flowers spicate or racemose; petals all present. 5. Parosela.
ites not glandular-dotted. 6. Oln

I. XYLOTHERMIA. Srincaree-BusH.

Twigs and leaves green and siamaas puberulent. 1. X. montana
Twigs and leaves canescent 1a. X. montana tomentosa.

I. XYLOTHERMIA MONTANA (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 188

Pickeringia montana Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 389.

1840.

Type locality: Po of the mountains in the vicinity of
St. Barbara, California

Distribution: Tends off the coast of southern California, and
on the mainland in the chaparral of the Coast Ranges from the
vicinity of Santa Barbara, northward to Sonoma County, and in
the Sierra Nevada at least as far north as Mariposa County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa CruzIsland, Brandegee; La Cumbre
Peak, Santa Ynez Mountains, Abrams 4320.

1a. X¥YLOTHERMIA MONTANA TOMENTOSA Abrams, Bull. Torrey
lub 34: 263. 1907.
Type locality: “Near El Nido, San Diego County.”
Distribution: In the chaparral from the San Bernardino Moun-
tains southward to near the National Boundary, and probably
extending along the western slopes of the mountains of northern
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

( 390)

Specimens examined: San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1650
meters, Parish 4990; El Nido, Abrams 3530.

2. LUPINUS. Lupine.

Keel ciliate on the inner margin above the middle.
s yellow or sometimes purple; seeds dark brown, not mottled;
a green, sparsely pubescen 1. L. arbor
Flowers purple; seeds mottled; ives more or less canescent.

Lower calyx-lobe entire; leahets oblanceolate, acutish, 3-5 cm. long.
Seeds 5 mm. long, dark gray, mottled with dark brown; pubes-

cence of the branches and petioles short-villous, spreading.

longifolius.

Seeds scarcely 4 mm. long, light tan, deitled mie dark tan;

pubescence of the branches and petioles ae silky.

L. Brittont.
Lower calyx-lobe 3-toothed; sae iaupsiaae ite a
Leaflets see rounded or very obtuse at apex, longest 2.5
cm. long ; bractlets 5-6 mm. long. L. Halliz

Leaflets a ee ees or acunct — 3-4
cm. long; bractlets 10-12 m 5. L. Douglasii.
Keel glabrous; herbage deneely enone 6. L. Chamissonis.

1. Lupinus aRBorEus Sims, Bot. Mag. 18: pl. 682. 1803.

Type locality: “Its native country is unknown to us.” Prob-
ably collected at San Francisco or Monterey.

Distribution: Vicinity of the coast from San Francisco south
to Santa Barbara. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Santa Barbara, Elmer 3843.

2. Lupinus LonciFotius (S. Wats.) Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles, 209.
1904.
Lupinus Chamissonis longifolius S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 117. 1876.

Type locality: “From San Diego (Cleveland) to Ojai (Peckham),
San Pascual (Thurber) and San Antonio River, Brezer.”

Distribution: Slopes of the lower hills in the coastal region of
southern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Lyon, April, 1884; Little
Santa Anita Canyon, <brams 2621; Playa del Rey, .fbrams 2505;
Santa Monica Forestry Station, Barber 44; Santa Monica Moun-
tains, .fbrams 1696; San Pasqual, Thurber 615; San Diego, Cleve-
land 720; hillsides near Ysidora, dbrams 3209.

(391)

3. Lupinus Brittoni sp. nov.

Bushy and Haid below, with long herbaceous branches,
about 1 m. high; herbage appearing glaucescent with a minute

appressed pubescence; petioles slender, exceeding the leaflets;
leaflets ae apeimired 25-45 mm. long, acutish at apex, with
prom nent recurved point; racemes 15-30 cm. long; many-

a
flow ae flowers scattered or in approximate whorls; Se:
5 mm. long; lower calyx-lobe entire, 7 mm. long; corolla (in dried

middle on the upper edges; pod 3 cm. long; seeds 5-6, pea,
4 mm. long, nearly as wide, light tan, specked with dark t

Type collected by the writer (3904) in Cottonwood 7 ie.
San Diego County, June 5, 1903, and deposited in the Herbarium
of Stanford University.

The glaucescent instead of silvery herbage, the shorter and
closely appressed pubescence of the pedicels and calyx, and the
minute pale seeds, separate this species readily from true L. albi-
frons of central California. The characters given in the key con-
trast it with the other southern California members of this group.

4. Lupinus Hatt Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 37: 151.
IIo.

Type locality: “Reche Canyon, altitude 400 meters, San Ber-
nardino Mountains.”

Distribution: Foothills of the San Gabriel and the San Bernar-
dino Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Reche Canyon, altitude 400 meters, Hall,
May 15, 1901; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4772; Anaheim,
Baker 4102.

5. Lupinus Douctasiu Agardh, Syn. Gen. Lupin. 34. 1835.

Type locality: Collected by Douglas, probably near Monterey.

Distribution: Dry hillsides near Monterey southward to the
Santa Ynez Mountains. Upper Sonoran

Specimens examined: Fremont’s Pass, Santa Ynez Mountains,

Mrs. Marshall, July, 1907.

6. Lupinus CHaMISSONIS Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 288.
826.

Type locality: “in Novae Californiae arenosis.” This was
probably collected at San Francisco.

( 392 )

Distribution: Along the seashore from San Francisco south to
Orange County. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams 2502; Santa
Monica, Hasse 4823; Redondo, Grant 724.

3. SYRMATIUM. CatirorNiA BROOM.

Herbage nearly glabrous, not silky-pubescent.

alyx-teeth subulate, about 2 mm. long. 1. S. glabrum.
Calyx-teeth very short and triangular. 2. S. junceum.
Herbage appressed silky-pubescent. 3. S. procumbens.

1. SYRMATIUM GLABRUM Vogel, Linnaea 10: 591. 1836.

Hosackia scoparia Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 325.
838

1838.

Hosackia glabra Torr. U. S. Expl. Exped. 17: 274. 1874.
Lotus glaber Greene, Pittonia 2: 148. 18g0.

Type locality: “California.” Probably collected in the vicinity
of the old Russian settlement, near Bodega Bay.

Distribution: Common on dry hillsides and slopes, especially
in chaparral, throughout the California Sub-area of the Upper
Sonoran, from Mendocino County and the western slopes of the
Sierra Nevada southward to northern Lower California.

The species of this genus here included are low broom-like suf-
frutescent plants, and not true shrubs.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3881; Torrey 105;
Sulphur Mountain, near Santa Paula, Abrams & McGregor 32;
Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &9 McGregor 390;
Los Angeles, Tracy & Evans, July 5, 1887; foothills, near San
Bernardino, Parish 4776, S. B.t WW. F. Parish 146; San Diego,
Nuttall; Thurber 524; Orcutt, Feb. 15, 1886; Palmer 58; Jacumba
Hot Spring, Abrams 3652.

2, S¥RMATIUM JUNCEUM (Benth.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2:
147. 1886.

Hosackia guncea Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 326. 1837.
Lotus junceus Greene, Pittonia 2: 148. 1890.

Type locality: “California.” Collected by Douglas, probably
in the vicinity of Monterey.

Distribution: A maritime species occurring along the coast from
Monterey to San Diego. It is closely related to S. glabrum, and

(393)

possibly is only a form of that widely distributed and variable
species. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuitall; Playa del Rey,
Abrams 2518; Del Mar, Brandegee, June 4, ; San Diego,
Susan G. Stokes, June 4, 1895; Tia Juana, Abrams 3460.

3. SYRMATIUM PROCUMBENS Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 148

Hosackia procumbens Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 82. 1885.
Lotus procumbens Greene, Pittonia 2: 149. 1890.

Type locality: “Tehachapi, Kern County.”

Distribution: This species is confined chiefly to the pifon belt
of the mountains surrounding the western end of the Mohave
Desert. ‘The original specimens from Tehachapi were described
as prostrate, but in the Liebre Mountains the plants are erect.
The species is undoubtedly closely related to S. sericeum, and
probably will prove identical when that species becomes better
known. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tehachapi, Brandegee, May, 1889; Mount
Pinos, Elmer 3988; near Lancaster, Davidson, May 10, 1893;
Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 337;
Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Hall 1254; Burcham’s
ranch, Mohave River Canyon, Parish 4858; Vejon Pass, Hall 6264.

4. AMORPHA. FatseE InpiIco.

Twigs and leaf-rachis with prickle-like glands; ee triangular-lan-
A

ceolate, over half the length of the tube. . californica,
Twigs and leaf-rachis without prickle-like glands; clysteth whore triangular.
. occidentalis,

1. AMorpHA CaALIFornIcA Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1:
306. 1838.

Type locality: “Santa Barbara; near the coast.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of the coast slope of the southern
California mountains, from the vicinity of Santa Barbara south-
ward to San Pedro Martir Mountain. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Mount Pinos,
Elmer 3950; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, dbrams ©
McGregor 130; Mount Wilson, Grant 39; Little Santa Anita
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 4brams 2622; San Bernardino

(394)

Mountains, Hall 1288; Deep Creek, Abrams &% McGregor 731;
Hathaway Flat,San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &? McGregor
806; Santa Ana Mountains, Abrams 1828.

2. Amorpha occidentalis sp. nov.

Shrubby below, 2-3 meters high; flowering branchlets minutely
pubescent; leaf-rachis sparsely pubescent, without pickle-like
glands, bearing 8-10 pairs of leaflets; leaflets ovate to narrowly
oblong, sparsely pubescent with or gling Cae hairs, firm in
texture, 2-4 cm. long; raceme 10-18 cm. long; pedicels 1.6 mm
long; calyx-tube nearly glabrous, eee mm. long; caly teeth
very short, triangular, nae ene petal about 5 m
long; mature fruit not s

This species has been understood as 4. californica Nutt., but
Nuttall’s specimens in the Torrey Herbarium, although too young
to determine accurately the character of the calyx-teeth, have
prickle-like glands. Plants from Santa Barbara, the type locality,
agreeing with Nuttall’s as to prickle-like glands, have lanceolate
calyx-teeth nearly equaling the tube. I have not seen the type
of A. hispidula Greene, but the central California plants are less
pubescent, and have relatively shorter calyx-teeth.

ype: San Diego River, near the Old San Diego Mission,
Abrams 3425, May 6, 1903. Type specimen deposited in the
Stanford University Herbarium.

Distribution: Foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains south-
ward to San Diego, and probably adjacent Lower California.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Foothills, San Bernardino Mountains,
Parish, June, 1900; Reche Canyon, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall,
May 15, 1900; eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains, Hall
2121; Janal, altitude 300 meters, Susan G. Stokes, June 19, 1895;
San Diego, Palmer 65; Jacumba Hot Spring, Cleveland, July 3,
1884; Julian, Dunn, Aug. 1892.

5. PAROSELA. Datea.
eae pinnate.
yx hoary-tomentose, its lobes slender, earned or exceeding the tube.
Calyx 4-5 mm. long; spikes short, head-like. 1. P. Emoryt.
Calyx 8-10 mm. long; ee oose, 3-4 cm. long. 2. P. arborescens.
Calyx appressed silky-pubescent to nearly glabrous, its lobes broad,
usually shorter than the tube.
Glands not prickle-like; ee appressed-pubescent.

(395 )

Calyx densely appressed silky-pubescent. 3. P. ela
yx sparsely appressed-pubescent. aecP: ontit.
Glands prickle-like; branches hirsute, 5. P.
Leaves simple.
Herbage green and nearly glabrous; leaves narrowly linear.
6. P. Schottii.
Herbage hoary with a minute appressed pubescence. 7. P. spinosa.

ae

1. ParoseLa Emoryi (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6.
1900.

Dalea Emoryt A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 315. 1855
Type locality: “On the desert table-lands of the Gila.”
Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, eastward

to southern Arizona, and southward into Lower California and

Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4112; Carriso

Creek, Abrams 3987; Signal Mountain, Abrams 3180, and Dec.

29, 1907.

2. PAROSELA ARBORESCENS (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 5.
1900.
Dalea arborescens Torr.; A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 316.
1855.
Type locality: “Mountains of San Fernando, a southern branch
of the Sierra Nevada, California.”
Distribution: Apparently confined to the arid mountains and
hills of the Mohave Desert. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Barstow Hills, Mohave Desert, Hall
6160; Black’s ranch, 32 kilometers northwest of Barstow, Hall
ti Chandler 6851.

3. ParoseLa cCALIFoRNIcA (S. Wats.) Vail, Bull. Torrey
24: 17. 1897.
Dalea californica §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 132. 1876.
Type locality: ‘Collected by Dr. Parry in the San Bernardino
Mountains, California.” According to the “Botany of California”
Parry’s specimens were collected “in dry washes in the San Ber-
nardino Mountains, near Cajon Pass.
Distribution: Desert slopes of the San Bernardino and San
Jacinto Mountains, eastward to southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.

(396 )

Specimens examined: Canyon of the San Jacinto River, altitude
660 meters, Hall 2008; Banning, Davidson, June, 1892; Warren’s
Well, altitude 1160 meters, Parish 2992; Pipe Canyon, Parish
2991; no locality, Parry &% Lemmon 86; Banning, Davidson, June,
1892.

4. ParoseLa Fremonti (Torr.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24:
16. 1897.
Dalea Fremontii Torr.; A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 316.

1855.

Type locality: “Mountains of the Pah-Utah country, S. W.
California.” This was collected by Fremont May 5, 1844, and
according to Fremont’s itinerary he was on what is now known as
Muddy River a few miles above its junction with Virgin River,
southern Nevada.

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada westward to the
Providence Mountains. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Brandegee, May
24, 1902.

5. Parosela Saundersii (Parish).
Dalea Saundersii Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 2: 83. 1903.

Type locality: “In desert sands, near Victorville, cir. 3000 ft.
alt., in the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, southern California. Lower Sono-
ran.

Specimens examined: Near Victorville, Hall 6197; near Kane
Springs, Ord Mountains, Hall & Chandler 6826 (?).

6. Paroseta Scuorti (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2, 6.
1900

Dalea Schottat Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 53. 1859.

Type locality: “Diluvial banks of the Colorado.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, east-
ward to southwestern Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4113; Hall 5758;
diluvial banks of the Colorado, Schott, Feb. 1855; Chuckawalla
Mountains, Hall 50973; Borregos Springs, Brandegee, April 209,
1894.

(397)

7. Paroseta spinosa (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am.
Pl. ed. 2, 7. 1go0.
Dalea spinosa A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 315. 1855,
Asagraea spinosa Baillon, Adansonia 9: 233. 1870.

Type locality: Nrrovos on the Gila; and on the California
desert west of the Colorado.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, and
extending eastward to southern Arizona, and southward into
Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Hall 5758; Carriso Creek,
Abrams 3980.

6. OLNEYA. Ironwoop.
1. Otneya Tesota A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 328. 1855.

Type locality: “On the tablelands of the Gila,” and “near
Bill Williams’ Fork,” Arizona.

Distribution: The Colorado Desert of southern California,
eastward into Arizona, and southward into Lower California and
Sonora. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Abrams, Dec. 29, 1907.

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Catrrop Famity.
1. COVILLEA. Creosore-BusH.

1. CovILLEA TRIDENTATA (Moc. & Sesse) Vail, Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 26: 302. 1899

Zygophyllum tridentatum Moc. & Sesse; DC. Prod. 1: 706.

Zygophyllum californicum Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second Rep.

257. 1845.

Type locality: “In regno Mexicano.”

Distribution: The most common and widely distributed shrub
of the desert districts of southern California, extending eastward
to western Texas, and southward through the arid regions of
Mexico and Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Willow Springs, Abrams &§ McGregor 424;
Lancaster, Elmer 3664; Cushenberry Springs, 4brams 2147; Im-
perial Junction (Old Beach), Abrams 3202; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3675.

( 398 )
RUTACEAE. RveE Famity.

Leaves alternate; fruit a 2-lobed coriaceous capsule. 1. Thamnosma.
Leaves opposite; fruit a drupe. 2. Cneoridium.

1. THAMNOSMA.

1. THAMNOSMA MONTANUM Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Second
Rep. 313. 1845.

Type locality: “Passes of the mountains, and on the Virgin
river in Northern California.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert, extend-
ing southward into northern Lower California, and eastward to
Arizona and southern Utah.

Specimens examined: Nlission Creek bench, eastern base of the
San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 2987; Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3651.

2. CNEORIDIUM.

1. CNEORIDIUM DUMOsUM (Nutt.) Hook. f.; Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1: 97. 1876
Pitavia dumosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 215. 1838.

Type locality: “St. Diego, California.”

Distribution: One of the principal components of the chaparral
in the vicinity of San Diego, extending south into northern Lower
California, and eastward on the desert slopes of the Cuiamaca
and the San Jacinto Mountains; also in Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Dieguito (Bernardo), Abrams
3378; Valley Center, McClatchie, March, 1893.

POLYGALACEAE.
1. POLYGALA.
1. Potycata cornuta Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 62. 1855

Polygala californica Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 671.

1840, as a synonym
Polygala Fishiae Bar: Proc. Davenp. Acad. 4: 39. 1884.

Type locality: Placerville.

Distribution: Sierra Nevada and the mountains of Santa Bar-
bara County, southward to Lower California. A slender, sparsely
branched, shrubby plant often growing a meter or more high.
Upper Sonoran.

(399)

Specimens examined: Near Santa Barbara, Torrey 74; San
Gabriel Mountains near Pasadena, altitude 1200 meters, Mc Clat-
chie, July, 1893; Sierra Madre and Mount Wilson trail, altitude
1200 meters, Abrams, July, 1906; Canyon back of Monrovia,
Dudley, Dec. 1907.

EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurce Famity.

sass not in Roe Pen day of cai pasa
ers dioecious; 1. Bernardia.
Fieeen monoecious; herbase aoe stellate- aoe
Staminate a uppermost; herbage oe with simple hairs;
ovate, crenate-serrate. 2. Acalypha
Pistillate a uppermost; leaves large, palmately ae elabrous,

3
Flowers in involucres; perianth represented by a minute scale at ar ace of
a filament-like pedicel. 4. Tricherostigma.

1. BERNARDIA.

1. BERNARDIA MYRICAEFOLIA. ea 5S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2:
80.

Tyria myricaefolia Scheele, Linnaea 25: 581. 1852.
Ricinella eae Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 153. 1865.

Type locality: “An Waldrandern auf felsigem Boden, nordlich
von Neubraunfels, am Rande der Hochebene.’

Distribution: Mohave and Colorado Deserts, eastward to west-
ern Texas and northern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Felipe, Parry, 1850.

2. ACALYPHA.
1. ACALYPHA CALIFORNICA Benth. Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdelena,” Lower California.

Distribution: Southwestern San Diego County southward at
least to Magdalena Bay. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Poway, Parish 4430; near San Dieguito,
Abrams 3388; between Jamul and Jamacha, Abrams 3744.

3. RICINUS. Castor BEAN.
1. Ricinus communis L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.

Type locality: “Habitat in India utraque, Africa, Europa
australi.”

( 400 )

Distribution: The castor bean has become fairly well natu-
ralized in many parts of southern California, and often develops
into small trees, 4-5 meters high.

4. TRICHEROSTIGMA.

I. TRICHEROSTIGMA MISERUM (Benth.) Kl. & Garcke, Monatsb.
Akad. Berl. 248. 1859.

Euphorbia misera Benth. Bot. Sulph. 51. 1844

Type locality: “San Diego,” California, ne “San Quentin,”
Lower California.

Distribution: On bluffs near the sea at San Diego, southward
through western Lower California, and also on the islands off the
coast of southern California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Blanche Trask,
Dec. 1900; San Diego, Parry, 1850; Palmer 452; Pringle, May,
1882; Jones, 1882; Point Loma, Abrams 3458.

BUXACEAE. Box Famity.
1. SIMMONDSIA.

I. SIMMONDSIA CALIFoRNICA Nutt. Lond. Journ. Bot.

, pl. 16.

Type locality: “Covering the sides of barren hills, in argilla-
ceous soils, near the sea, in the vicinity of St. Dies in Upper
Californi a”

Distribution: Vicinity of San Diego, southward through north-
ern Lower California, and eastward to Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

pecimens examined: Oneonta, Herre, Aug., 1902; Mission
Hills, San Diego, Abrams 3.424; San Diego, Palmer 356; Parry,
1850.

ANACARDIACEAE. Sumac Famity.
aes place deciduous
t glabrous; nut glo bees: striate. 1. Toxicodendron.
Pe viscid-pubescent and often villous; nut flattened, smooth
2. Schmalizia.

Leaves simple, evergreen; nut smooth.

Flowers in dense racemes; fruit pubescent; pericarp viscid, acid.
Neostyphonia.

33
Flowers in compound panicles; fruit small, glabrous; pericarp mealy
4. Lithraea.

(401 )

1. TOXICODENDRON. Poison oak.

1. ToxXICODENDRON DIVERSIFoLIUuM (Torr. & Gray) Greene, Leaf-
lets 1: 119. 1905.
Rhus diversiloba Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 218. 1838.

ole locality: “Borders of woods, etc. Oregon,” and ‘‘Cali-
forni

Distribution: Western Washington, southward to northern
Lower California. Several species have been segregated from this
by Greene but I can detect no specific differences between
the specimens which I have cited and those from farther north.
In any section there is marked variation in the foliage and
pubescence, so that these characters cannot be relied upon,
within certain limits, in making specific distinctions. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3940; Fort Tejon,
Abrams &§ McGregor 298; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams (F McGregor 144; Sulphur Mountain, Abrams &
McGregor 46; San Gabriel, Bigelow, 1854; Pasadena, Jones
320)

hus glabra L. has been reported by Parish (Bot. Gaz. 38: 461)
from “Chino Cajion, near Palm Springs, at the desert base of

San Jacinto Mt.,” where it was collected by Hasse.

2. SCHMALTZIA. Souaw BERRY.

Fruit not villous. 1. S. cructata.
Fruit villous.
Herbage minutely puberulent. 2. S. straminea
Herbage densely soft-pubescent. 3. S. malacophylla.

1. ScumMa.tzia cructata Greene, Leaflets 1: 139. 1905.

Type oe “Hot Springs in the northern part of San Diego
Co., Calif.

Distribution: I have not been able to examine the original
specimens upon which this species was based, nor have I seen any
plants that answer the description. The validity of the numerous
species proposed by Greene, for what has passed as S. trilobata
(Rhus trilobata) can only be judged by thorough field work and
the critical examinations of a large series of specimens. Upper
Sonoran.

( 402 )

2. SCHMALTZIA STRAMINEA Greene, Leaflets 1: 139. 1905.

Type locality: “Along Lytle Creek, San Gabriel Reserve, Calif.”

Distribution: The puberulent form is apparently confined to
the foothills and chaparral of the interior part of southern Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains,
Abrams (9 McGregor 149; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,
Abrams &F McGregor 320.

3. SCHMALTZIA MALACOPHYLLA Greene, Leaflets 1: 138. 1905.
Type locality: “Griffith Park, Los Angeles Co., Calif.”
Distribution: Apparently restricted to the coastal foothills.

The lobation of the leaves is variable, and there seems to be no
distinguishing characters between this and the preceding species
except pubescence, the stability of which is doubtful. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: North slope of the Santa Monica Moun-
tains, between Encino and Cahuenga Pass, Abrams 1310; Sepul-
veda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 3113; Playa del
Rey (Ballona Harbor), Abrams 286; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena,
Grinnell, July 30, 1903.

3. NEOSTYPHONIA. LemonapE BERRY.

Leaves oval, very obtuse at both ends. 1. N. integrifolia.
Leaves ovate, acute at apex. 2. N. ovata.

1. NEOSTYPHONIA INTEGRIFOLIA (Nutt.) Shafer, in Britton, N.
Am. Trees 612. 1908.

pi integrifolia Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 220.

1838.
Rhus integrifolia ad & Hook.; S$. Wats. U. 8. Geograph.
Surv. 6: 84. 18
Styphonia serrata con in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 220.
1838
Type locality: “On the margins of cliffs near the sea around
San Diego and Santa Barbara.”
Distribution: Santa Barbara, southward through northern Lower
California. In the northern part of its range it is confined to
the sea-coast, but southward especially in San Diego County it

( 403 )

extends inland even to the desert slopes of the Cuiamaca Moun-
tains. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Parry, 1850;
Elmer 3608; Los Angeles, Franceschi, 1893; Playa del Rey,
Abrams 287; Big Tejunga Wash, San Fernando Valley, Abrams
1385; Claremont, Baker 4156; Ysidora, Abrams 3307; San Diego,
Brandegee (distributed by C. F. Baker 818); Herre, July 23, 1902.

2. Neostyphonia ovata (S. Wats.).
Rhus ovata §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 358. 1885.

Type locality: “On hills and mountains, away from the coast,
from San Diego to Los Angeles County, the Cantillas Mountains
in Lower California, and in Southern Arizona; also on Santa
Catalina Island.”

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains, southward through the
chaparral belt of the coastal slope to northern Lower California;
also on the islands of the coast of southern California, and in
Arizona. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Brandegee; Dunn,
1891; Elmer 3904; San Fernando Mountains, near Chatsworth,
Abrams 1369; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 2559; Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dudley,
Dec. 1907; hills near Monrovia, Baker 4147; Lone Pine Canyon,
San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams &% McGregor 677; Redlands,
Parish, April 21, 1891; Fallbrook, Jones 3318; between Campo
and Potrero, Abrams 3710.

4. LITHRAEA. Catirornia sumac.
1. Lirgraca Laurina (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. 1: 551. 1842.

Rhus laurina Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 219. 1838.
Type locality: ‘On bushy plains, near St. Barbara, California.”
Distribution: Southern slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains

southward to northwestern Lower California, and on the islands

as far south as Cedros Island. In southern California this species
is confined chiefly to the lower portions of the chaparral belt.

Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer gors; Mountain

Drive, Santa Barbara, Abrams 4154; Santa Monica Canyon,

Abrams 2192; Scoville’s Hill, Pasadena, Grinnell, July 3, 1903;

(404 )

near San Gabriel, Bigelow, March 23, 1854; Little Santa Anita
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 2639; near Monrovia,
Dudley, Dec. 8, 1907; hills near Elsinore Lake, Dutton, June 2,
1898; Jamul, Susan G. Stokes, June 19, 1895; San Diego, Herre,
July 23, 1902; Chandler 4122.

RHAMNACEAE. Bucxrsorn Famity.

Fruit drupaceous, free from the calyx.

rupe enclosing a single stone. 1. Condalia.
Drupe enclosing 2-4 nutlets. 2. Rhamnus.
Fruit becoming nearly or quite dry, partly inferior.
Calyz-lobes deciduous; style elongated, 3-lobed. 3. Ceanothus.
Calyx-lobes persistent; style short, notched. 4. Adolphia.
1. CONDALTA.
Petals none; sepals persistent; drupe 5 mm. long. 1. C. spathulata.
Petals ean sepals deciduous.
m. long, beakless; herbage canescent. 2. C. divaricata.
Drupe a mm. long, beaked; herbage glabrous. 3. C. Parryi.

1. Conpatia spatHuLata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 32. 1852.

Type ee “On the Rio Grande, Texas; and prairies on the
San Felipe.”

Distribution: Southwestern Texas to the Colorado Desert of
southern California. I have not seen any specimens of this from
southern California, but according to Trelease (A. Gray, Syn.
FI. 1, pt. 1: 403) it has been collected at Mesquite, Parish 793.

Lower Sonoran.

2. Conpatia pivaricata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 47: 427.
1909.
Zizyphus lycoides canescens A. Gray, U.S. Geog. Sur. 6: 82. 1878.
Condalia lycoides canescens Trelease, A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1:

403. 1897.

Type locality: “Las Vegas, Nevada.

Distribution: Southern Nevada southward through western
Arizona and the deserts of southern California to northern Lower
California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from south-
ern California, but according to Trelease (I. c.) it has been collected
by Parish at Mammoth Tank in the Colorado Desert.

( 405 )

3. Conparia Parry (Torr.) Weberbauer, in Engler & Prantl,
Nat. Pilanzenf. 38, ab. 5: 404. 1895.

Zizyphus Parryi Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 46. 1859.

Type locality: “Gravelly ravines near San Felipe, California.”

Distribution: Western borders of the Colorado Desert south-
ward to Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Morongo Canyon, altitude 1000 meters,
Parish 2969; Whitewater Canyon, Pringle, March 25, 1882; San
Felipe, Parry, 1850; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3650.

2. RHAMNUS. Bucxtuorn or CoFFEE BERRY.

Flowers polygamo-dioecious; petals none; leaves pungently toothed.
ches spinescent; leaves ghee 6-12 mm. long; calyx-lobes tri-
angular. 1. R. crocea.
Branches not spinescent; leaves 12-40 mm. long; calyx-lobes oe
Leaves becoming glabrous and shiny; anthers 1 mm. |
2. R. isi

Leaves more or less pilose; anthers 0.5 mm. long. 3. R. pilo
Flowers perfect; petals minute, emarginate; leaves not pungently Se
eaves green and glabrous beneath. 4. R. californica.
Leaves canescent beneat
Leaves entire, tomer euloud beneath. . R. tomentella.
Leaves serrulate, hirsutulose beneath. 6. R. cuspidata.

t. Ruamnus crocea Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
: 261. 183

Type locality: “Around Monterey, California.”

Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California, southward to
northern Lower California. In southern California it occurs on
dry exposed ridges in the lower part of the chaparral belt, espe-
cially on the footslopes of the mountains. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Montecito, Franceschi, 1894; Big Tejunga
Wash, Abrams 1370; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena, Grinnell, July
30, 1903; mesas near San Bernardino, Parish, May 26, 1898;
San Diego, Jones 3087; Brandegee, 1889; Coronado, Dunn, April
7, 1891; Tia Juana, Abrams 3490

2. Ruamnus inictrouia Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 37. 1863.

Rhamnus crocea ilicifolia Greene, Fl. Fran. 79. 1891.
Type locality: “Vicinity of Clear Lake.”

( 406 )

Distribution: Coast Ranges from Lake County southward to
the southern boundary of the State. In southern California this
is a larger, less rigid bush than R. crocea, with leaves that very
closely resemble those of Laurocerasus ilicifolia. It is a com-
mon shrub in the chaparral belt of the coastal slope. Upper
Sonoran’

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Parry; Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Brandegee, May, 1888; Sulphur Mountain Spring, 4brams
&& McGregor 39; Saugus, Elmer 3649; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa
Monica Mountains, Abrams 3114; Pasadena, Brandegee, May,
1888; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 1020; Claremont, Baker
3653; Pasadena, Grinnell, Aug. 1, 1903; Oakgrove Canyon,
Liebre Mountains, Abrams McGregor 333; Cleghorn Canyon,
San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams ( McGregor 710; Temecula
Canyon, Greene, June, 1889; Campo, Abrams 3587.

3. Ruamnus prtosa (Trelease) Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot.
b 37: 153. oO.

Rhamnus crocea pilosa Trelease; Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. IL. 1:

251. 1888.

Type nye “Santa Maria Valley, in the mountains back of
San Diego.

Distribution: Mountains and foothills of San Diego County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountains east of San Diego, Parry,
1859; San Diego, Parry; 1850; vicinity of San Ysabel, Henshaw
235; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes, July 26, 1895.

4. RHAmMNuUS CALIFORNICA Esch. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 285.
1823.
Rhamnus oleifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 123, pl. 44. 1833.
Endotropis oleifera Raf. Sylva Tellur. 31. 1838.
Rhamnus laurifolius Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 260.
848

1848.
Perfonon laurifolium Raf. Sylva Tellur. 29. 1838.
Frangula californica A. Gray, Gen. Ill. 2: 178. 1849.
Rhamnus Purshiana californica Rehder, in Bailey, Cyclop. Am.
Hort. 1510. 1902.
Type locality: “In Novae Californae fruticetis.”
Distribution: In the Coast Ranges, from Mendocino County

( 407 )

southward to San Bernardino County. In southern California
this is acommon shrub in the chaparral on the mountains and foot-
hills, especially toward the coast. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Torrey, 1850;
Pasadena, Jones, May 8, 1882; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 2541; Claremont, Baker 3443; San Gabriel
Canyon, Leiberg 3404; Arroyo Seco, above Devil’s Gate, Abrams
1427; Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &9 McGregor
822; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 709.

5. RHAMNUS TOMENTELLA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. 1848.
Rhamnus californica tomentella Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: ror

1876.

Rhamnus Purshiana tomentella K. Brand. Zoe 1: 244. 18g0.

Type locality: ‘In montibus Sacramento.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the Sierra Nevada, ex-
tending southward to northern Lower California, and eastward
to Arizona. In southern California this species replaces R. cali-
fornica on the more interior mountains away from the influence of
the coast fogs. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3817; Sespe Creek,
near Ten Sycamore Flat, Abrams (& McGregor 166; Sisar Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, Abrams &% McGregor 66; foothills of the San
Bernardino Mountains, Parish, June 26, 1898; San Diego, Parry,
1850; Palomar Mountain, McClatchie, July, 1896; near Foster’s,
Abrams 7371; Cuiamaca Mountains, between Julian and Cuia-
maca, Abrams 3962; Buckman’s Springs, Susan G. Stokes, July 18,
1895; hills near Campo, Abrams 3605.

6. Ruamnus cuspipata Greene, Leaflets 1: 64. 1904.

Type locality: “Near Tehachapi.”

Distribution :Tehachapi Mountains, southward along the desert
slopes of the San Gabriel and the San Bernardino Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, Abrams &2 McGregor 532,
621; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &9 McGregor
327; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 4brams & Me-
Gregor 664; Hathaway Flat, San Bernardino Mountains, dbrams
&¥ McGregor 809.

( 408 )

3. CEANOTHUS. Witp tizac.

*Stipules thin and mostl eae leaves alternate; capsules
without dorsal or apical horns; flowers racemose
aniculale
Leaves"deciduous, entire, pinnately veined, or somewhat 3-nerved in the first
ecies; twigs not at all spinescent; flowers white, paniculate.
Leaves ovate, pubescent above; capsule smooth, slightly crested, 4-5
roa INLeRerTImus | a
Leaves cists, glabrous above; capsules roughened, rather prominently
crested, 7 mm. broad almeri.
Leaves evergreen; blue or rarely
Leaves ea elliptic, entire; twigs slender, spinescent; arbo-
rescent shrub. Spinosus.
Leaves ie ee ovate-lanceolate to ovate.
Tw and spinescent; leaves entire and glabrous (except in
Breet see shrubs, racemes elongated.
Leaves often sparsely glandular-toothed, pubescent above.
4. C. divaricatus.
Leaves entire, glabrous above.
4a. C. divaricatus eglandulosus.
Spreading, ee shrub; twigs pale o1 olive color; raceme
short, spre 5. cordulatus
Twigs not at all ae leaves eee pubescent.
Large arborescent shrubs or small tre
ules glabrous
ves glabrousabove. 6. C. sorediatus.
ae pubescent above.
eaves minutely velvety-pubescent above, densely
white-tomentose beneath.
. mentosus.
Leaves somewhat hirsute above, not velvety,
hirsute beneath; twigs hirsute or villous
8. C. oltganthus.
leaves and twigs pubescent.
» Orcutti

Capsules glandular-villous;

Low shrubs, 3-10 dm

Leaves elliptic or ean ovate, 2 cm. long or less

I austro-~-monta
Leaves round-ovate, their veins deeply ere on the
back, 1 em. long or less, villous.
C. impressus.
**Stipule-bases a thick and corky or spongy; capsule usually with
dorsal or api horns as well as crests; ee umbellate,
white or rarely blue (no.
Leaves alternate

eaves narrowly obovate, cuneate,

entire; capsule 7~10 mm. broad,
horns dorsal, I

C. megacarpus.

( 409 )

Leaves broadly obovate, aoe denticulate; capsule 6 mm. broad,
neither crested nor horned. 13. C. verrucosus.
Leaves opposite.
Horns of capsules dorsal, spreading, slender; re usually toothed, often
concave, tomentose to nearly glabrous abov
T4. Cc vestitus.
Horns near the summit, erec
Leaves denuees bee horns stout.
s and leaves mabe or sparsely pubescent, the latter
eee toothed and holly-like; flowers blue.

15 C. Jepsoni.
Twigs and under surface of leaves tomentose, the latter with
shallow teeth; flowers white.
Venation on under surface of leaves hidden by the dense
tomentum; leaves strongly revolute.
16. C, ieee ate

Venation ee through the fine tomentum; leaves not
revolut 16a. C. ae alain.
Leaves entire; canescent below, with short, incurved hairs; horns
rather slen¢ 17. C. cuneatus.

1. CeanotiBrought by mus puberulus (Greene).

Ceanothus pubernius oo : sfiets 1: 66. 1904.

Type locality: '“Altitu ¥ aan and 5000 feet in the San Ber-
nardino Mountains.” an orth I

Distribution: oe M southward to the San Jacinto

: vom
Mountains. ‘Transition.

This southern plant differs om the typical form in being pubes-
cent on the upper surface of the kh ves, since this character is not
constant its true relation seems best expressed in the varietal rank.

Specimens examined: Goodnough Me" ae eee 4755; can-
yon near Elizabeth Lake, Dudley 4410; | C a Mountain, Abrams
&F McGregor 369; Mount Gleason, Eli ae Mount Wilson,
Grant 149; North Baldy, altitude ” 1Bocttbara ¢ , Abrams & Me-
Gregor 585; Lytle Creek Canyon, 1740 m- A ‘Hall, May, 1899;
Cafion Diablo, Parish 4603; Huston’s F’at, Shaw &% Illingsworth
157; Cleghorn Canyon, Abrams &% McG-egor 712; Hathaway Flat,
Abrams &¥ McGregor 810; sammit of Mount Santiago, Abrams
1843.

2. CEANoTHUS PALMERI Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad.
II. 1: 109. 1888

Ceanothus spinosus Palmeri K. Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 4:
185. 1894.

(410 )

Type locality: “Mountains of Southern California (Palmer,
1875, 42).”

Disibadan: Mountains of Ventura County and the Cuiamaca
Mountains. Transition.

Specimens examined: Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & Mce-
Gregor 123; Cuiamaca Mountains, Palmer 23; Cuiamaca, Bran-
degee, June 15, 1894, and June 3, 1896; Middle Peak, Cuiamaca
Mountains, Abrams 3853.

3. Ceanotuus spinosus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 1838. 267.

Type locality: “Mountains of St. Barbara.”

Distribution: Mountains of southern California, toward the
coast, from Santa Barbara County south to Orange County.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Parry, 1850;

Elmer 3917; Franceschi, April 4, ° 4. C. dood Creek, Dudley,
June, 1896; Sepulveda Canyon, Sus above. Mountains, Abrams
2091, 3115; near Los Angeles, [ aa G- Trabuco Canyon,

Ahrub; twigs
Santa Ana Mountains, Abrams eee

4. CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS a eae Soe & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 2, 8.
Type locality: Ls eof abovBarbara, California, and also

near the town.
. . . av
Distribution: Mount’ ces Monterey County, southward to

the San Bernardino } -ains. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens exam’ Leanta Barbara, Nuttall; Douglas; Brewer
286; Red Reef (¢ ! Topatopa Mountains, .dbrams &9 Me-

les pt? altitude 1050 meters, Abrams &F Me-
Gregor 63; Hine ages ; Lopatopa Mountains, Abrams & Me-
Gregor 83; Cold Créek, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1500
meters, Abrams 9 McG cegor 828.

Gregor 157; Sis |

4a. CEANOTHUS DIVARICATUS EGLANDULOSUS Torr. Pacif.
Rep. 4: 75.
Ceanothus eglandulosus Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 10
1888.
Ceanothus leucodermis Greene, Kew Bull. 1895: 15.

Type locality: “On mountains near San Gabriel” and “Cohon
Pass.”

(411 )

Distribution: Liebre Mountains, southward to northern Lower
California. This is one of the characteristic shrubs of the chapar-
ral on the interior mountains in southern California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Gabriel, Bigelow, March 22,
1853 (type); Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dudley,
Dec. 1907; Mount Wilson trail, 4drams, July 19, 1906; near the
summit of Mount Wilson, Abrams 2609; Mount Gleason, Elmer
3610; Big Tejunga Wash, Abrams 1371; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 328; Cajon Pass, Bigelow, 1853;
Cafion Diablo, Parish 4694; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 71x; Santa Ana Mountains
near Elsinore, Baker 4144; Abrams, July 21, 1908; Nuevo, Bran-
degee 10; Cottonwood grade, near Potrero, Abrams 3731.

5. CEANOTHUS CORDULATUS Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 124, pl. 39.
1861.

Type locality: “Brought by Dr. J. A. Veatch from Washoe.”

Distribution: Sierra Nevada Mountains, southward through the
mountains of southern California, where it is rather common in
the higher altitudes of the Transition and Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: North Baldy, altitude 2250 meters,
Abrams §§ McGregor 618; Mount San Antonio, altitude 2000
meters, Hall r2r7; near Bear Valley, Abrams 2866; Mount San
Antonio, Abrams 2706; Mount San Jacinto, Hasse 5660.

6. CeanoTuus sorepiatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 328. 1840.
Type locality: Collected by Douglas in California.
Distribution: Coast Ranges of central California from Solano

County southward to northern Santa Barbara County, also in the

San Gabriel Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,

Dudley, Dec. 1907.

7, CEANOTHUS ToMENTOsUS Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 5: 190,
1889.

Ceanothus oliganthus tomentosus K. Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad, IT.
4: 198. 1894.
Type locality: “Brown sandstone ledges, Jone, Amador County.”
Distribution: Foothills of the Sierra Nevada in Amador County,

(412 )

in the chaparral of the San Bernardino Mountains, and in the
San Diego region. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Edgar Canyon, Parish 4103; Mill Creek
Canyon, Parish 2023, 2088; Encinitas, Brandegee, March 28,
1894; San Diego, Brandegee 33; Nuevo, Brandegee 36; San Die-
guito, Abrams 3732; Cottonwood grade, Abrams 3370.

8. CEanoTuus oLticantuus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 266. 1838.
Ceanothus hirsutus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 266.

1838.

Type locality: “Bushy woods on the hills of St. Barbara.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of the mountains of Santa Bar-
bara County, southward to the San Gabriel Mountains, where it
extends at least as far eastward as Monrovia. This species is
therefore confined chiefly to the coastal mountains. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Brewer 280;
Franceschi, April 2, 1894; Brandegee 30; Santa Ynez Mountains,
Elmer 3776; Abrams, March 6, 1909; Pasadena, Brandegee 31;
Mount Wilson trail, Abrams 1504; Millard’s' Canyon, Abrams 292;
Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Dudley, Dec., 1907.

g. CeanoTHus Orcutti Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 5: 193.
1889.
Ceanothus hirsutus Orcuttii Trelease, in A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1, pt. 1:
414. 1897.
ns locality: “High Mountains east of San Diego, C. R. Or-
cut
Distribution: Cuiamaca Mountains of San Diego County.
Borders of the Transition and Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Nuevo, Brandegee 32; between Julian

and Cuiamaca, Abrams 3965.

10. Ceanothus austro-montanus sp. nov.

Low, erect shrub, 3 meters high or less; branchlets reddish or
grayish- brown, short- pubescent and glanc ular; petioles
long or less; leaves oblong to narrowly ovate, 8-12 mm. long, 4-6
mm. wide, ‘conspicuously glandular-toothed, ’ minutely ea neunted
pubescent above, pale beneath and pubescent on the 5 pe-
uncles 3-5 cm. long; racemes a half to a third as ise eee

(413 )

pedicels 5 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly triangular, nearly 2 mm.
high; capsule 3 ee slightly longer, very shallowly lobed;

dorsal aioe Pee een

Related to C. foliosus <— of the North Coast Ranges (Marin
to Mendocino Counties); but that species has a deeply lobed and
relatively broader capsule, and smaller, narrower calyx-lobes.

Type: Coniferous forests, between Julian and Cuiamaca, Abrams
3966, July 1,1903. ‘The type specimen is deposited in the Stanford
University Herbarium.

Distribution: Cuiamaca Mountains, southern California. Tran-
sition.

11. CEANOTHUS IMPRESSUS Trelease, Proc. Calif. Acad.
I I1z. 1888

Ceanothus dentatus impressus Trelease, in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: pt. 1:

415.

Type ies: “Santa Barbara County.”

Distribution: Coastal region of Santa Barbara and San Luis
Obispo Counties. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Surf, Elmer 3870.

12. CEanorHus MEcacaRPuS Nutt. N. Am. Sylva, 5: 46. 1846.
Ceanothus Niet i Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 267.

1838. Not Cav. 4.

Type locality: Meant ine of St. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Mountains and foothills aeoeeally toward the
coast, from Santa Barbara south to the Santa Monica Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Nuttall; Brandegee 89;
Elmer 3869; Mountain Drive, Abrams 4124; Santa Catalina
Island, Brandegee 88; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Moun-
tains, Abrams 2560.

13. CEanoTHus verRucosus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
1: 267. 1838.
Type locality: ‘Low hills near the coast, St. Diego, California.”
Distribution: Dry mesas and hills in the vicinity of San Diego,
and southward into northern Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: San Diego, Nuttall; Parry, 1850; Enci-
nitas, Brandegee 91; hills near San Dieguito, Zbrams 37309; mesas
near San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, May 28, 1895.

(414)

14. CEANOTHUS vEsTiITUs Greene, Pittonia 2: 101. 1890.

Type locality: “Borders of pine forests on the mountains near
Tehachapi, Kern Co., Calif.”

Distribution: Southern Nevada, southward to the San Ber-
nardino Mountains. In southern California this species is con-
fined chiefly to the desert slopes of the mountains in the pifion
belt. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams
tS McGregor 260; Pine Creek near Mutau Flat, Abrams & Mc-
Gregor 194; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains, Abrams &
McGregor 334; Rock Creek, Abrams McGregor 567; eastern
slope of Mount San Antonio, altitude 2400 meters Abrams 2717;
eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains Hall 2156; Cahuilla
Valley, Hall 1164; San Felipe Canyon, Brandegee 114; between
Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring, 4brams 3700.

15. CEaNnotHus Jepsoni Greene, Man. Bay-Region 78.
1894.

Type locality: “Open hills in Marin Co., near San Geronomo,
and northward.”

Distribution: This species has only been known from the Coast
Ranges north of San Francisco Bay, but the specimens cited below
seem identical. The species is closely related to C. pinetorum of
the southern Sierra Nevada, but that has much more prominent
stipules. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Hills west of Pomona, Baker oor.

16, CeaANoTHuUS cRassiFoLius Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 75.
1857.

Type locality: ““Mountains south of Los Angeles.”

Distribution: A common shrub in the chaparral from Santa
Barbara County, southward to northern Lower California. Upper
Sonoran

Specimens examined: Newhall, Brandegee 85; Mount Lowe, Grant
1147; San Fernando Mountains, near Chatsworth, Abrams 1364;
Cajon Pass, Bigelow, March 16, 1853; Beaumont, Parish 4104,
Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams (9 McGregor
672; Santiago Canyon, Helen D. Geis, April, 1902; near Foster’s,
Abrams 3767; Nuevo, Brandegee 84.

(415 )

16a. Ceanothus crassifolius planus var. nov.

Like the type in structural characters but leaves not revolute
on the margin, and much less tomentose beneath, the venation
being very evident through the sparse tomentum. An apparent
geographic variation.

Type: Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Ventura County,
Abrams {§ McGregor 124, June 8, 1908. The type specimen is
deposited in the Stanford University Herbarium.

Distribution: Mountains of Santa Barbara and Ventura Coun-
ties. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3758; near
Sespe Hot Springs, Dudley 4777; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 124.

17. CEANoTHUS cuNEATUS (Hook.) Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.
Am. 1: 267. 1838.

Rhamnus cuneatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 124. 1829.

Type locality: ‘‘Near the sources of the Multonomak River,
in sandy soils growing under the shade of Pinus Lambertiana.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward throughout Cali-
fornia. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Fort Tejon, Abrams & Me-
Gregor 295; Cuddy’s ranch, Dudley 4485; Sisar Canyon, Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 67; near Azusa, Abrams 3128;
Elizabeth Lake, Abrams & McGregor 410; Colton, Jones 3176;
San Bernardino, S. B. & W. F. Parish rors; Claremont, Baker
237; hills near Campo, Abrams 3500; San Clemente Island, Blanche
Trask 198.

4. ADOLPHIA.

1. ADOLPHIA CALIFORNICA S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. I1: 126.
1876.

Type locality: “At Solidad and Chollas Valley, near San Diego
and near Monterey.” The last station is unquestionably an error.

Distribution: From the vicinity of San Diego southward through
northern Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near San Diego, Parry, 1850; Soledad
Palmer 44; Jones 3132; Chollas Valley, Cleveland; Tia Juana,
Abrams 3481.

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VITACEAE. Grape Famity.
1. VITIS. Grape.
1. Vitis Grrpiana Munson, Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. §9. 1887.

nype locality: “San Diego Co.” and “Los Angeles Co. Cali-
fornia

Dicesbuaen: Along streams on the coastal and desert slopes
of the southern California mountains, from Santa Barbara south-
ward. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Alice Cooper, Oct. 4, 1908; near Monrovia, Dudley, Nov. 1907;
Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 1955; West Fork of Deep Creek,
San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 723; vicinity
of San Bernardino, Parish 5013; Jamul Valley, Susan G. Stokes,
June 19, 1895; between Foster’s and Ramona, Abrams 3760.

MALVACEAE. MfatLtow Famity.

Stigmas linear. 1. Lavatera.
Stigmas capitate.
Seeds not comose; fruit with a central axis. 2. Aalacothamnus.
Seeds comose; fruit without a central axis. 3. Aibiscus

1. LAVATERA. TREE MALLow.

1. LAVATERA ASSURGENTIFLORA Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 14
1854.
Type locality: “Island of Anacapa, off the coast of Santa Bar-
bara.”
Distribution: A native of the islands off the coast of southern
California; cultivated on the mainland where it sometimes appears
as an escape.

2. MALACOTHAMNUS. Busy Matuow.

Calyx and herbage clothed with very short-rayed stellate pubescence.
Leaves green above, sparsely stellate-pubescent
Inflorescence mostly simple; flower-clusters nearly sessile.
1. Af. fasciculatus.
Inflorescence branched; flower-clusters ie
ta. Af. fasciculatus splendidus.
Leaves hoary on both surfaces, with a si sie aioe eee

1. Nutta

(417)

Calyx and herbage clothed with sa llee Fase ike etete pubescence.
Lea 6-8 cm. broad, rugose by the pubescence;
calyx-lobes triangular. . M. Davidsoni.
Leaves 2-3 cm. broad; nut rugose; wathice of calyx-tube completely
hidden by the dense hoary hispid pubescence; calyx-lobes lanceolate-
acuminate, 4. M. orbiculatus.

1. MatacorHamnus Fascicutatus (Nutt.) Greene,
Leaflets 1: 208. 1906.

Malva fasciculata Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N.Am.1: 226. 1838.
Malvasirum fasciculatum Greene, Fl. Fran. 108. 1891.
Malvastrum Thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 307. 1855.
ype locality: “St. Barbara.” Nuttall’s specimens are like

the form occurring at San Diego, where he probably obtained his
specimens, as the species has not since been found at Santa Barbara.

Distribution: The typical form seems to be confined to south-
western San Diego County. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: ‘St. Barbara” (2), Nuttall; San Diego,
Brandegee (distributed by Baker 1626); Orcutt, 1884; Palmer
25; Abrams 3420; Chollar Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June 15, 1895;
Lemon Grove road, Chandler 5208.

1a. Malacothamnus fasciculatus splendidus. (Kell.)

Malvasirum splendidum Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 67. 1855.
Malvastrum Thurberi laxiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 291.

1887.

Type locality: Contributed by “Mr. M. A. Wallace of Los
Angeles,” who probably collected it on the neighboring hills.

Distribution: Santa Monica and San Fernando Mountains,
southward to the Santa Ana Mountains and eastward to the San
Bernardino Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cahuenga Pass, Davidson, May 1, 1892,
and April 10, 1900; Abrams 1246; Verdugo Hills, Abrams 1382;
near San Bernardino, Parish, June 15, 1898, Laguna, Orange
County, Abrams 1781

2. Malacothamnus Nuttallii sp. nov.

rub, 2-3 meters high; branches erect or oe canescent

ie a short-rayed ee te pubescence; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long;
leaves acutely 5-lobed, crenate-serrate, sli a, or not at all cor-
ate, 2.5-4 cm. long, equally hoary on both surfaces with a close,

(418 )

soit, short-rayed, stellate pubescence; inflorescence loose, com-
pound; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. long; calyx1cm. long; lobes
triangular, acute, equaling the tube; petals rose-purple, twice the
length of the calyx; carpels stellate- pubescent on the summit,
obovate, 3 mm.

This species was first discovered by Nuttall who considered it
an undescribed species of Malva, but the name proposed by him
over seventy years ago has never been published and now is not
tenable. I therefore take pleasure in naming this long unrecognized
but strikingly distinct species in honor of that acute observer and
enthusiastic collector.

Type: Casitas Pass, Ventura County, dbrams, July 25, 1908.
The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Stanford
University.

Distribution: Southern slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Foothills of the Santa Ynez Mountains,
near Santa Barbara, Elmer 3730; Franceschi, Nov. 1909; Greene,
July, 1886; Casitas Pass, Abrams, July 25, 1908.

3. MatacorHamnus Davipsoni (Robinson) Greene,
Leaflets 1: 208. 1906.

Malvastrum Davidsoni Robinson, in A. Gray, Syn. FL 1, pt. 1: 312.

1897.

Type locality: The type om were collected by Dr. A.
Davidson in ‘San Fernando Valley.”

Distribution: Robinson reports this species from Antelope and
Bear Valleys as well as from the San Fernando Valley. The Bear
Valley specimens cited by him I have not seen, but those from
Antelope Valley (Parish 1955) belong to the next species. This
species is known to me only from San Fernando Valley and the
adjoining La Canada. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Fernando, Davidson, May, 1893, and
June 24, 1895; San Fernando wash, Davidson, 1907; Big Tejunga
wash, Lyon, Aug. 1884; La Canada, dbrams rgor.

4. MaLacoTHAMUS ORBICULATUS Greene, Leaflets 1: 208.
1906.
Malvasirum orbiculatum Greene, Fl. Fran. 109. 1891.
Type locality: “In the mountains south of Tehachapi, Kern
Co.”

(419 )

Distribution: On the desert slopes of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains northward to the Tehachapi Mountains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Griffens, Lockwood Valley, Elmer
3895; between Oakgrove Canyon, and Elizabeth Lake, Abrams &
McGregor 4o5; Antelope Valley, Parish z955; north slope of the
San Bernardino Mountains, S. B. & W. F. Parish 139; Gold
Mountain, Abrams 2070; Sarin Valley, San Gabriel Moun-
tains, brains &¥ McGregor 631; Acton, Davidson, July 4, 1892;
Rock Creek, Davidson, July 4, 1893

In addition to these four mainland species there is a fifth on
the islands, Malacothamnus nesioticus (Robinson) = Malvasirum
nesioticum Robinson, in A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1, pt. 1: 312. 1897.
This species is intermediate between M. fasciculatus and M. Nut-
tallit, having the leaf-outline of the latter, but with the upper
surface green and nearly glabrous.

3. HIBISCUS. Rose Matiow.
1. Hisrscus penupatus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 7, pl. 3. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena.”

Distribution: Dry gravelly ravines and slopes of the Colorado
Desert, extending southward into northern Lower California,
and eastward to El Paso. Lower Sonoran

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Colorado Desert,
Abrams 3178, and Dec. 29, 1907; Palm Springs, Mrs. Hutchinson,
April, 1910.

STERCULIACEAE. Srercuria Famity.
1. FREMONTODENDRON. Catirornia SLIPPERY ELM.

1. FREMONTODENDRON CALIFoRNICUM (Torr.) Coville, Cont. Nat.
erb. 4: 74. 1893.

Fremontia californica Torr. Pl. Frem. 5, pl. 2. 1853.

Chiranthodendron californicum Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 70. 1873.

Type locality: “Sources of the ee in the northern
part of the Sierra Nevada of California.”

Distribution: Western slope of the Sierra Nevada and the more
interior parts of the Coast Ranges, from the vicinity of Mt. Shasta
south to the Cuiamaca Mountains. Higher altitudes of the Upper
Sonoran and the lower parts of the Transition.

(420 )

Specimens examined: Cuddy’s ranch, Rothrock 278; San Ysabel,
Henshaw, May 12, 1893; Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 1250
meters, Abrams 2696; near Elizabeth Lake, Abrams McGregor
404; Soldier’s Camp, near Fort Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 272;
Rock Creek, Abrams & McGregor 615.

FRANKENIACEAE. Franxenta Famity.
1. FRANKENIA. YeErpa rEuMa.

1. FrRanKENIA Patmeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 124. 1876.
Type locality: “Lower California, upon the gulf side.”
Distribution: Vicinity of San Diego, southward along the coast

of Lower California, and on the adjacent islands. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: National Ranco, near San Diego, Cleve-

land, May 11, 1880; borders of salt marshes, National City,

Pringle, May 3, 1882; San Diego, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902.
Another species, Frankia grandiflora, which is a perennial, her-

baceous plant, is abundant in low saline ground along the coast.

FOUQUIERACEAE. Fovauirra Famity.
1. FOUQUIERA. OcorTILLo.

1. FouquiERA sPLENDENS Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem.
Tour. North Mex. 98. 1

Type locality: ‘From the Journada del Muerto in New Mexico,
to Chihuahua, Saltillo, and Monterey.

Distribution: Desert slopes of the Cuiamaca and San Jacinto
Mountains, eastward to western Texas, and south through north-
ern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Signal Mountain, 4drams 3164.

CISTACEAE. Rocxrose Famity.
1. HELIANTHEMUNI. Rocx rose.

Petals 4-6 mm. long; calyx-lobes 3-5 mm. long in flower. 1. H. scoparium.

Petals 8-13 mm. long; calyx-lobes 6-7 mm. longin flower. 2. H. wfidersont.

(421)

1. HELIANTHEMUM scopaRiuM Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am.
152. 1838.

Type locality: “Dry hills around Monterey, California.”

Distribution: Northern California, southward to the vicinity of
Los Angeles. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Bushy hillsides, near Los Angeles, Hasse,
June 5, 1888; near Monrovia, Dudley, Des - 1907; Etiwanda,
Abrams S6E Lytle Creek Canyon, Hail r4

2. HELIANTHEMUM ALDERSONI Greene, Enythea 1: 259. 1893.

Type locality: “Mountains of the southern border of San Diego
Co. Calif. among rocks in hard and sterile granitic soil.”

Distribution: Foothills on the coastal slope of the San Ber-
nardino Mountains, southward to Lower California. Upper and
Lower Sonoran.

This is perhaps best considered as a geographical variation of
the former. It differs chiefly in being taller and having larger
floral parts, characters that do not seem constant.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4837;
foothills near San Bernardino, Parish, June 15, 1898; Dulzura,
Abrams 3749; Potrero, Susan G. Stokes, July 19, 1895.

CACTACEAE. Cactus Famity.

Leaves present, but early deciduous, subulate; spines straight, sheathed;
glochids present, retrorsely barbed and ey detached; ste pina u-
ously jointe pur

Leaves abaene spines hooked or straight, never sheathed; oe ea

wanting; stems not jointed or if so not conspicuously; flowers borne
on more or less vertical ribs.

Flowers nearly vertical arising from young areolae. 2. Echinocactus.
Flowers lateral, arising just above fully developed spine-bearing areolae.
Ovary scaly, nearly or quite destitute of spines; tall, columnar, tree-

like aia ts. 3. Carnegiea.
Ovary and fruit spiny; stems slender-cylindric; flowers greenish-
yellow; seeds not tuberculate. 4. Bergerocactus.

Only the larger or taller cacti which, on account of their size,
have the appearance of shrubs, are included in this list.

1. OPUNTIA. Prickiy pear.
Joints of the stems not flattened, cylindrical (except no. 4); spines sheathed.
Stems very slender; spines usually solitary in the areoles
: O. ramosissima.
Stems stout; spines several in each areole.

(422)

Fruit fleshy, sparsely or not at all spiny; flowers deep re
Branches widely spreading; spine-sheaths yellowish or ay.
2. O. prolifera.
Branches erect or ascending, forming close compact cluster
above, at length becoming reflexed; se -spines bright-

whitish. . Oz one
Fruit dry and very spiny; flowers yellow or Sa color
Stems erect, with few alternate branches; spines very slender;
flowers copper color. 4. O. acanthocarpa.

Stems diffusely branching; flowers yellow.
Joints ovate-clavate; fruit densely spiny.
5. O. echinocarpa.

Joints cylindrical.
tems usually prostrate; areoles of ovary bearing sev-
eral spines. 6. O. californica.
Stems erect and bushy; areoles of ovary bearing a

single spine. 7. O. bernardina.
Joints of the stem flattened, narrowly obovate to suborbicular; spines not
sheathed.

Fruit dry and spiny. 8. O. hystricina.
Fruit flesh
Spines brownish.
Flowers yellow. g. O. Covillet.
Flowers magenta. 10. O. magenta.
Spines yellow.
Id trunks very spiny; seeds 2.5-3.5 mm. broad.

. O. chlorotica,
Old trunks becoming spineless; seeds 5-6 mm. broad.
Areoles 35-So mm. apart. 2. O. occidentalis.
Areoles 25 mm. apart. 13. O. littoralis.
1. OPUNTIA RaMosissima Engelm. Am. Journ.
Sci 1852.
Opuntia tessellata Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 309. 1856.

Type ocality: “Gravelly soil near the Colorado, and i in the
desert.” Collected by Dr. Parry on an yeaa ‘from the
sea-coast (San Diego) to the mouth of the

Distribution: Southern Nevada, eee to ae and west-
ward to the Mohave and Colorado Deserts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Yuma, Toumey; Colorado Desert, Sykes.
2. OPUNTIA PROLIFERA Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. IT. 14: 338. 1852.

Type locality: “San Diego, on arid hills and in dry creek beds.”

Distribution: A maritime species extending from the vicinity
of San Pedro southward to San Diego, and probably into north-
ern Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

(423 )
Specimens examined: Mission Hills, San Diego, Abrams 3394.

3. Opuntia BiceLtovi Engelm. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 50. 1856.

Distribution: Southern Nevada and Arizona, southward to the
western slopes of the Colorado Desert. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Whitewater, Rose, 1908.

4. OPUNTIA ACANTHOCARPA Engelm. & Bigel. Proc.
m. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.

Type locality: “Mountains of Cactus Pass, between Santa Fe
and the Western Colorado.”

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada, southward through
Arizona. Reported from Death Valley by Schumann. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: near Campo, Sykes; Mammoth Tank,
Sykes.

5. OpunTIA ECHINOCARPA Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am.
Acad. 3: 305. 1856.

Type locality: “In the valley of the Lower Colorado.”

Distribution: Western Arizona, westward through the Mohave
and Colorado Deserts, and southward into Sonora and Lower Cali-
fornia. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Dudley, Dec. 1902; Rock
Creek, desert slope of the San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams tf Mc-
Gregor 564; Banning, Toumey, 1895; Barstow, Shaller.

6. Opuntia caLirornica (Nutt.) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
13: 119.
Opuntia serpentina Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.
Cereus californica Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 555.
18

1840.
Type locality: “Arid hills and denuded tracts near St. Diego,
California, common.”
Distribution: Dry mesas and foothills of southwestern San
Diego County, southward into Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3474.

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7. OPUNTIA BERNARDINA Engelm.; Parish, Bull.
Torrey Club 19: 92.

Type locality: “Dry hills and mesas from the Coast Range to
the San Bernardino Mts., in the San Jacinto and San Bernardino
Valleys.”

Distribution: A characteristic plant of the interior valleys of
southern California. It occurs in the vicinity of Newhall, in the
San Fernando Valley, and is common in the San Bernardino and
San Jacinto Valleys. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cajon Pass, Abrams & McGregor 699;
Elsinore, Abrams, July, 1908; Warner’s Ranch, Schaller; Pala,
Schaller.

8. OpuNTIA HysTRIcINA Engelm. & Bigel. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 44,
pl. 15, f. 5-7. 1856.
Type locality: “At the Colorado Chiquito and on the San Fran-
cisco mountains.”
Distribution: Western Texas, westward to southern Nevada,
and Owen’s Valley, California, according to Schumann. I have
seen no specimens within our limits. Lower Sonoran.

9. Opuntia Covitter Britton & Rose, Smiths. Miscel. Coll. 50:
532. 1908.

Type locality: “San Bernardino, California.”

Distribution: On the gravelly footslopes in the San Bernardino
and San Jacinto Valleys, and occasionally along the desert bases
of the San Gabriel Mountains. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rock Creek, desert slope of the San
Gabriel Mountains, .fdrams & McGregor 558.

10. Opuntia MAGENTA Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 268.

Type locality: “Near Redlands, California.”

Distribution: This species seems to be confined to the foothills
and footslopes around the San Bernardino Valley. I have not seen
any specimens. Lower Sonoran.

(425 )

11, Opuntia cHLorotica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am.
ad. 3: 291. 1856.

Type locality: ‘Western Colorado Country, between New
Mexico and California, from the San Francisco Mountains to
Mohave Creek.”

Distribution: New Mexico, westward through Arizona and
southern Nevada to the Mohave Desert, and southward to Sonora.
I have not seen any southern California specimens. Lower
Sonoran.

12. OpuNTIA occIDENTALIS Engelm. & Bigel. Proc.
m. Acad. 8: 291. 1856.
Opuntia Engelmanni occidentalis Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 1: 248.
1876.
Opuntia Lindheimeri occidentalis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 421.
1896.

Type locality: ““On the western slope of the California moun-
tains, near San Diego and Los Angeles.”

Distribution: The common prickly pear of the coast slope of
southern California, often growing in dense thickets of consider-
able area. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Hasse 6169; near Pasadena,
MacDougal, 1906; Mesa Grande, Schaller; Pala, Schaller.

13. Opuntia LitToraLis (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Smiths.
Miscel. Coll. 50: 529. 190
Opuntia Engelmanni littoralis Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 1: 248. 1876.
Opuntia Lindheimeri littoralis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 422.
1896.

Type locality: “On the coast from Santa Barbara and the islands
in its gulf to San Diego, and southward.”

Distribution: Bluffs along the seashore of southern California,
and on the islands off the coast. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams 2515.

3. ECHINOCACTUS.
Stems simple, large, globose to cylindrical (“barrel-cactus”); ovary scales
ovate orbicular; fruit not woolly.
Central spine 1; flowers purple. 1. E. Emoryi.

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Central spines 4; flowers greenish-yellow.
Radial spines all stout and annulated. 2. EL eyli hae
i the lateral slender and pea the dor

and ventral slightly ribbed. . Lecontet.
Stems numerous, often growing in mats; ovary-scales ae. fruit densely
woolly. 4. a polycephalus.

1. Ecuinocactus Emory Engelm. in Emory, Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 157. 1848.

Type locality: “Oct. 25, 1846.” According to Emory’s notes
he was on the Gila River in the vicinity of San Carlos Creek on
this date.

Distribution: Central and western Arizona, southward into
Sonora and Lower California, and westward into southern Cali-
fornia. This species was reported from the “‘\Iohave region” in
the Botany of California, but it is not certain that Bigelow’s speci-
mens were collected on the California side of the Colorado River.
The species is to be expected, however, along the eastern border
of the Mohave Desert and southward along the eastern borders
of the State. Lower Sonoran.

2. EcHINocactTus cyLinpRacEeus Engelm. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 32.
1856

Echinocactus viridescens cylindraceus Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. I.

14: 338.

Type locality: “Near San Felipe, on the eastern slope of the
California mountain

Distribution: ay slopes and washes along the western
border of the Colorado Desert. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Whitewater, Rose, 1908.

3. Ecuinocactus Leconter Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 29. 1856.
Echinocactus IPislizent Leconte Engelm. U.S. Geog. Surv. 6: 128.

1878,

Type a: “First noticed by Dr. John L. LeConte, on the
lower Gila.”

Distribution: Southwestern Utah, westward to the eastern
borders of southern California, and southward through western
Arizona to Sonora. This species was observed by Bigelow “at
the head waters of Williams River, down this stream to the Colo-
rado, and west of it till EZ. polycephalus took its place.” Coville

(427)

and Funston also report it from Surprise Canyon, in the Panamint
Mountains. Lower Sonoran.

4. EcHINOCACTU Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 31.
1856.

Type locality: “Stoney and gravelly hills and dry beds of
torrents from 20 miles west of the Rio Colorado to about 150 miles
westward up the Mohave.”

Distribution: From the vicinity of Victor, northward to the
Inyo Mountains, and eastward to southwestern Utah and western
Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Barstow, Rose, 1908.

4. CARNEGIEA. Giant Cactus.

1. CARNEGIEA GIGANTEA (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Journ.
Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 187. 1908.

Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconnois. 159.
1848

48.
Pilocereus Engelmannit Lem. Ul. Hortic. 9: Misc. 97. 1862.
Pilocereus giganteus Haage & Schmidt, Cat. 230. 1898.

Type locality: “Along the Gila River, about the middle of its
course.”

Distribution: The Giant cactus occurs through the southern
part of Arizona and northern Sonora, and, according to Dr. D. T
MacDougal, it extends across the Colorado River into the borders
of southern California in the vicinity of Ehrenburg. Lower
Sonoran.

5. BERGEROCACTUS.

1. Bercerocactus Emory (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Contr.
at. Herb. 12: 474. 1909.

Cereus Emoryi Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.

Type locality: “In thick patches, on dry hills near the sea shore
about the boundary line,” near San Diego, California.

Distribution: Vicinity of San Diego, southward into Lower
California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3473.

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CORNACEAE. Docwoop Famity.

Flowers in aments, dioecious; stigmas lateral. 1. Garrya.
Flowers not in aments, meter stigmas terminal.
Flowers cymose, nee subtended by an involucre. 2. Soida.

Flowers capitate, subtended by a large petaloidinvolucre. 3. Cynoxylon.

1. GARRYA. SILK-TASSEL TREE.
Pubescence on lower surface of leaves of tangled or matted hairs.
G. Veatchii Palmert.
Pubescence on lower surface of leaves of upwardly appressed hairs.
2. G. pallida.

1. Garrya Veatcuit Patmeri (S. Wats.) Eastwood, Bot.
6: 458. 1903

Garrya flavescens Palmeri S. Wats. Bot. Gaz. 1: 276. 1876.
Garrya Veatchit undulata Eastwood, Bot. Gaz. 36: 458. 1903.

Type locality: apilgnatays 60 miles from San Diego, on the
Fort Yuma Road.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the mountains from
Ventura County south to northern Lower California. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: La Cumbre trail, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4308; Switzer’s trail, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinne
16; Arroyo Seco Caynon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 4o;
Sisar Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 64;
Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 2805; Lone Pine Canyon, San
Gabriel Mountains, dbrams © AI[cGregor 671.

2. GARRYA PALLIDA Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 287.
1902.

Type locality: “Kings River Canyon,” Kern County, Cali-
fornia.

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada south to the Cuiamaca
Mountains. Upper Sonoran and lower altitudes of the Transition.

Specimens examined: Buckhorn Tavern, near Fort Tejon,
Abrams &F McGregor 283; La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Abrams 4318; ‘Topatopa Mountains, Abrams tF McGregor
104; Rock Creek, Abrams & McGregor 568; Cold Creek, San
Bernardino Mountains, dbrams & McGregor 814; Mount Santiago
Abrams 1811; Middle Peak, Cuiamaca Mountains, dbrams 3872.

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2. SVIDA. Docwoop.

1. Svida californica (C. A. Mey.)

Cornus californica C. A. Mey. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Petersb.
3: 372. ‘

Cornus sericea occidentalis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 652.
1840

40.

Cornus pubescens californica Coulter & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 37.

1890.
Cornus occidentalis Coville, Cont. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 18

Type locality: ‘Hab. in litore occidentali Americae septentrio-
nalis ico) in neo prope St. Francisco! (Cham.) et prope
coloniam Ross

Sone Southern British Columbia and western Idaho,
south to southern California. Upper Sonoran and Transition.

Specimens examined: Oak Knoll, Pasadena, Grant 217; Swart-
out Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 653;
near Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 1800
meters, Abrams 2009; western slope of San Jacinto Mountain,
altitude 1800 meters, Hall 2233; Cuiamaca Mountains, Palmer
46; Palomar Mountain, Parish 4465; Grass Valley, San Bernar-
dino Mountains, Parish 3105.

3. CYNOXYLON. Fiowerinc Docwoop.

1. Cynoxyton Nutratim (Audubon) Shafer, in Britton, N. Am.
rees 746.

Cornus Nuttallii Audubon; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 652.
1840.
Type locality: “Oregon
Distribution: British Colaba and northern Idaho, extending
southward to the mountains of southern California. ‘Transition.
Specimens examined: Near Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino
Mountains, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams 2016.

ERICACEAE. Heats Famity.

Fruit capsular; anthers not appendaged
Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf-buds scaly; leaves not heath-like.
1. Azalea,
Bracts firm, persistent; no scaly buds; leaves heath-like.
2. Phyllodoce.

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Fruit a berry or berry-like drupe; anthers with dorsal, reflexed appendages;
corolla urn-shape

Ovary 5-celled; ovules several to each cell. 3. Arbutus.
Ovary 5-10 celled; ovules 1 to each cell.
Ovary rugose or granular. 4. Comarostaphylis.

Ovary not rugose or granular.
Leaves dark green and glabrous above, tomentose beneath, not
rtical. 5. A ylococcus.
Leaves similar on both surfaces, often vertical.
6. Uva-ursi.

1. AZALEA. Aza.ea.

1. AzaLEA occIpenta.is Torr. & Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 116.
1857.

Rhododendron occidentale A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 458. 1876.
Type locality: “Laguna de Santa Rosa, in low and wet ravines.’
Distribution: Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, southward to

the Cuiamaca Mountains in San Diego County. Transition.
Specimens examined: San Jacinto Mountains, in canyons on

the west side, at 1800 meters, Hall 2241; Cuiamaca Mountains,

altitude 1500 meters, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Abrams 3953.

2. PHYLLODOCE.
1. Payttopoce Brewer (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 1
1900

Bryanthus Brewert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 367. 1868.

Type locality: Of the several specimens cited, the first, which
was collected by Brewer, was from “Woods Peak, Eldorado Co.,”
California.

Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains, southward through
the higher altitudes of the Sierra Nevada to Mount San Gorgonio,
San Bernardino Mountains. Canadian Zone.

Specimens examined: Mount San Gorgonio, dbrams & Me-
Gregor 750.

3. ARBUTUS. Maprofo.
1. Ansurus Menziesm Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 282. 1814.

Type locality: “On the north-west coast of America.”

Distribution: British Columbia, southward to the San Gabriel
Mountains in southern California. ‘Transition and extending into
the Upper Sonoran.

(431)
Specimens examined: Mt. Wilson trail, altitude 1000 meters,
Abrams 1515.
4. COMAROSTAPHYLIS.

1. COMAROSTAPHYLIS DIVERSIFOLIA (Parry) Greene, Bull. Calif.
cad. 2: 406. 1887.

Arctostaphylos arguta diversifolia Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. 4:

35. 1od4.

Arctostaphylos diversifolia Parry; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, ed. 2, pt. 1:

397. 1886.

Type locality: “In Jamul Valley.” The first of several localities
mentioned, and the only one from which flowering specimens were
obtained.

Distribution: Santa Monica Mountains, southward to northern
Lower California, and on the islands off the coast, as far north-
ward as Santa Cruz Island. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Cruz Island, Grinnell, Sept. 3,
1903; Topango Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Hasse, July
14, 1906.

5. XYLOCOCCUS.
1. XyLococcus Bicotor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 259.
1843.
Comarostaphylis bicolor Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 78. 1851.
Arctostaphylos bicolor A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 366. 1867.
Arctostaphylos Clevelandi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 29. 1878.

Type locality: “Hab. Monterey, Upper California.” This is
probably an error for the species is not known in the Monterey
region. Nuttall’s specimens no doubt came from San Diego.

Distribution: In the chaparral on the mesas and foothills of
western San Diego County, southward to northern Lower Cali-
fornia, also on the islands off the coast. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cottonwood Grade, near Potrero, Abrams
3729.

6. UVA-URSI. Manzanita or BEARBERRY.
Pedicels and ovaries glabro
Stone solid, broadly lpi merely angled or ribbed; branchlets, inflores-
ence and young leaves canescent. 1. U. Parryana,.
Stone lobed, ee globose, irregularly separable into nutlets.
Branchlets, inflorescence and young leaves canescent; leaves becom-
ing dull-green . U. pungens.

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Branchlets and inflorescence with a golden resinous undument, or
glandular pubescent; leaves bright yellowish-green
3. U. patula.
Pedicels more or less pubescent or villous; ovaries pubescent or eae.
Bracts firm, herbaceous or foliaceous; sepals ciliate on the margins, other-
wise glabrous or puberulent.
Fruit ovoid, very viscid; stone solid, slightly ribbed; leaves very
glaucous; branchlets glabrous or sometimes glandular-villous.

. UL glauca.
Fruit depressed-globose, pubescent, not viscid; stone lobed and sepa-
rable into irregular nutlets; pubescence of herbage variable.
5. U. tomentosa.
Bracts thin and ious; sepals and herbage glandular-villous; stone solid,
ovoid. 6. U. drupacea.

Dr. F. N. Williams (Journ. Bot. 48: 183,184. 1910) has shown
that Uva-ursi (Tourn.) Miller (Gard. Dict. 3. 1754) has priority
over Arctostaphylos Adans. (Fam. 2: 163. 1763) and should re-
place it, according to the Vienna Rules.

1. Uva-ursi Parryana (Lemmon)

Arctostaphylos Parryana Lemmon, Pittonia 2: 68.

Type locality: “On the Tehachapi opens of south-central
California, four miles west of Keene Station.

Dicabuton: Tehachapi Mountains and Mount Pinos, south-
ward to Mount San Antonio. Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, altitude 2100 meters,
Abrams (§ McGregor 261; Elmer 3980; Soldiers’ Camp, near Fort
Tejon, Abrams &F McGregor 281; Coldwater Canyon, Mount San
Antonio, altitude 2250 meters, Abrams 2716.

2. Uva-ursi pungens (H.B.K.).
ae pungens H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 278, pl. 250.
818.

bo pea: pungens Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: So. 1851.
ype locality: “Crescit in Regio Mexicano, locis alsis, juxta

Moran et Villalpando, alt. 1300-1400 hex.”

Distribution: Southern California, southward to the mountains
of Lower California and central Mexico. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Clark’s ranch, San Bernardino
Mountains, altitude 1500 meters, Abrams 2936; between Campo
and Jacumba Hot Spring, dbrams 3624; Pine Valley, San Diego

(433 )

County, Mearns 3950; West Fork of Deep Creek, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 7a.

3. Uva-ursi patula (Greene)

Arctostaphylos patula Greene, Pittonia 2: 171. 1891.

Type locality: “The common manzanita of dry rocky ridges in
pine woods of middle altitudes in the Sierra Nevada, California,
from Calaveras Co. southward to Fresno.”

Distribution: Southern Cascade Mountains, southward to the
San Jacinto Mountains. ‘Transition.

Specimens examined: Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Abrams 2019; Tahquitz Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, alti-
tude 2400 meters, Hall 2419 (in part); between Dollar Lake and
Hathaway Flat, San Bernardino Mountains, dbrams (9 McGregor
S04.

4. Uva-ursi glauca (Lindl.)

Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: sub pl. r797. 1836.

Type locality: “California, Douglas.”

Distribution: Central California, southward to the southern
boundary of the State. Upper n

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3967;
Arroyo Seco Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Grinnell 32, 37;
Mount Wilson trail, altitude goo meters, Abrams r5or; Red Reef
Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & McGregor 156; Lone
Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams ( McGregor 670.

s. Uva-ursi tomentosa (Pursh)

Arbutus tomentosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 282. 1814.
Arctostaphylos tomentosa Dougl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 7orz. 1836.
Xerobotrys tomentosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 268.

1843.

Type locality: “On the north-west coast of America.”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia, southward to north-
ern Lower California. In southern California this species grows
in the higher altitudes of the Upper Sonoran and sometimes ex-
tends into the lower part of the Transition. There is great varia-
tion, especially in pubescence, and several well-marked forms seem
to occupy distinct geographic areas. In the coastal mountains the

(434)

plants are usually setose-hispid and glandular-pubescent or glandu-
lar-villous. ‘They are very much like Menzies’ original specimens,
and perhaps are also identical with 4. glandulosa Eastw. The
specimens I have cited from the Topatopa, the Liebre, and the
San Bernardino Mountains are not at all glandular and are almost
or entirely without setose hairs. The leaves are comparatively
bright green, being only sparsely tomentose. In the Cuiamaca
Mountains, on the other hand, the plants have very pale foliage,
which is more or less permanently canescent. The branches are
without setose hairs, but are either canescent or glandular-
pubescent.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3708;
Mount Wilson trail, altitude 600 meters, 4brams 1500; Topatopa
Mountains, Abrams &F McGregor 84; Liebre Mountain, Abrams &
McGregor 370; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams &F McGregor 705; Mount Wilson trail, altitude 1000 me-
ters, dbrams 1520; Los ‘Tunas Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Abrams 1699; Silverado Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D
Geis 723; between Julian and Banner, Abrams 3973; hills near
Campo, Abrams 3620.

6. Uva-ursi drupacea (Parry)
Arctostaphylos Pringle: drupacea Parry, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 494.

1887.

Type locality: “Mountains east of San Diego.’

Distribution: San Bernardino Mountains, southward to north-
ern Lower California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mill Creek Falls, 1600 meters, Parish
5070; Strawberry Peak, San Bernardino Mountains, ‘Abia ams
July 28, 1901; Abrams &F McGregor 726; San Jacinto Mountains,
alatade 1400 meters, Hall 2092; summit of Cuiamaca Moanin.
Abrams 3947; Cold Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
&@ McGregor 815.

STYRACACEAE. Sryrax Famity.
I. STYRAN. Srorax.
. STYRAX CALIFORNICUM FULVESCENS Eastw. Bot.
Gaz. 41: 286. 06.
Type locality: “Near the Painted cave in the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains back of Santa Barbara, California.”

(435 )

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains and San Bernardino
Mountains, in the upper portion of the chaparral belt. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Santa Barbara, Bolander, 1873;
Santa Ynez Mountains, nei 1888; foothills of the San
Bernardino Mountains, Clare Cumann. May 1, 1896; foot-
hills near San Bernardino, eee 1800 meters, Wright 216; San
Bernardino Mountains, altitude 800 meters, Leiberg 3324; Vasey
361; Waterman Canyon, Shaw & Illingsworth 14.

OLEACEAE. Otive Famity.

Fruit a samara; leaves usually pinnate. 1. Fraxinus.
Fruit not a samara; leaves entire.
Fruit 2 2-parted membranous capsule; corolla yellow; low shrub.

2. Menodora,
Fruit a drupe; corolla none; arborescent shrub. 3. Adelia.

1. FRAXINUS. Asu.

Leaflets several.
Petals 2; leaflets rounded or obtuse at apex, 2-3 cm. long

1. F. dipetala.

esse none; leaflets acute or acuminate.

dy of the fruit equaling the wing in length; a leaflets sessile
. For

Body of the fruit scarcely over half the length of re wi
Leaves usually glabrous; lateral leaflets stalked. 3. F. eae
Leaves tomentose-pubescent; lateral leaflets sessile.

4. F. velutina.

Leaflets only 1 or occasionally 3. 5. F. anomala.

1. Fraxinus pipetata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 362, pl. 87.
1840.
Type locality: California, Douglas
Distribution: Coast Ranges and foathilla of the Sierra Nevada,
south to southern California, where it is most frequent in the in-
terior mountains. Upper Sonoran.
Specimen sexamined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 3822;
Mill Creek, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 5053; Abrams €¥

trero Hills, near San Jacinto, S. B.G W

Creek Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 600 meters
Leiberg 3301.

(436)

2. Fraxinus orecona Nutt. Sylva N. Am. 3: 59. 1849.

Fraxinus americana oregona Wesmael, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30:

110. 1892.

Type locality: “This is the only species of Ash we met with
in the Oregon territory. . We never saw it above the falls of
the Oregon.”

Distribution: Puget Sound, southward through western Wash-
ington and Oregon to southern California. Upper Sonoran and
Transition.

Specimens examined: San Gabriel River Canyon, Abrams 876.

3. Fraxinus coriacea 5. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 30. 1873.

Type locality: “Ash Meadows, Nevada, and Devil’s Run Can-
yon, Arizona.”

Distribution: Southern Utah and Nevada to northern Arizona,
and from the vicinity of Owen’s Lake southward in the San Gabriel
and San Bernardino Mountains, California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 800 meters,
Abrams 2741; Liebre Mountains, Abrams tf McGregor goo; Cajon
Pass, Abrams &F McGregor 692; Cleghorn Canyon, San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams &¥ McGregor 703. (These specimens have
narrower leaflets and much broader samaras than typical coriacea,
and, on more extensive examination of material, may prove to be
distinct.)

4. Fraxinus vetutina Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconnois.
848

Type locality: “In the region between the waters of the Del
Norte and Gila; also on the Mimbres, a tributary of the latter river.”

Distribution: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to southern
California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3705; near ‘Toro Mountain, altitude 1300 meters, Leiberg
3107.

5. Fraxinus amomata Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King’s Exped. 283.
1874.
Type locality: “In Labyrinth Canyon on the Colorado River,

Utah,” and “St. George on the Rio Virgen in the southwestern
portion of the State.”

( 437 )

Distribution: Southwestern Colorado, southern Utah and Ne-
vada, southward to northern Arizona, and the Providence Moun-
tains in southern California. Upper Sonoran.

pecimens examined: Providence Mountains, Brandegee, 1902.

2. MENODORA.
Shrubby, 6-10 dm. high, spinescent; herbage puberulent; corolla- pee oblong,
3 mm. long. . Spinescens.
Woody only at base, a 4 dm. high, not spinescent; herbage aro corolla-
lobes ovate, 6-8 . long. . M. scopari

1. Menopora spinescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 388.
1867

Type locality: “Canyons and hillsides of the southwestern part
of the State of Nevada

Distribution: Southern Nevada westward to Inyo County,
California, and southward to the Providence Mountains. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Cooper, May 29,
1861

2. Menopora scoparia Engelm.; A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 471.

Menodora scabra glabrescens A. Gray, U. 8. Geog. Surv. 6: 15.
18

78.

Type locality: “Saltillo, Mexico.”

Distribution: Northern Mexico and western Texas westward
to the desert slopes of the southern California mountains. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Dry gravelly hills, Jacumba Hot Spring,
Abrams 3041.

3. ADELIA.

1. ADELIA NEO-MEXICANA (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 410.

Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 63. 1876,
Forestiera acuminata parvifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 364.

1859.
Adelia parvifolia Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 148. 1893.

(438 )

Type locality: “New Mexico; near Santa Fe, Fendler, no. 547.
Below El Paso, Wright, no. 1699. Semelenque Springs, Dr.
Bigelow.”

Distribution: Western Texas and southern Colorado westward
to the western extremities of the Mohave Desert in southern Cali-
fornia. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Willow Springs, Antelope Valley, Abrams
&F McGregor 425; Rock Creek, east slope of the San Gabriel Moun-
tains, altitude 1350 meters, Abrams & McGregor 566.

POLEMONIACEAE. Putiox Famity.
1. LEPTODACTYLON.

Corolla salverform, 2.5-3 cm. long.
Herbage not glandular-pubescent. 1. L. californicum.
Herbage glandular-pubescent. 1a. L. californicum glandulosum.
Corolla funnelform, 1.5-2 cm. long.
Herbage glandular-pubescent; leaves alternate.
2. L. Hookert.
Herbage not glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite.
3. L. Halliz.

i. LEpropactyLon catirornicum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech.
369. 1840.

Gilia californica Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316.

Type locality: California. Collected by Douglas probably near
Monterey or Santa Barbara.

Distribution: In chaparral of the coast mountains from Santa
Barbara northward to Monterey. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Brandegee, no date.

1a. Leptodactylon californicum glandulosum (Eastw.).

Gilia californica glandulosa Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 87: 447. 1904.

Type locality: “The common form growing around Pasadena,
California.”

Distribution: In the chaparral belt of the mountains of south-
ern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Pasadena, Jones 3209; La Canada,
Forbes, May 2, 1902; Little Santa Anita Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, -brams 2624; Santa Ana Canyon, near Yorba, Helen
D. Geis, April, 1902; Lytle Creek Canyon, altitude 600 meters,
Hall 1473.

(439 )

2. LepropacTyLon Hooxerr (Dougl.) Nutt. Journ. Acad.
Philad. II. 1: 157. 1847.

Phlox Hookert Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. pl. rs9. 1838.
Gilia Hookert Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316. 1845.

Gilia pungens Hookerit A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870.
Gilia pungens eupungens var. Hookert Brand. Pflanzenreich 4,

Fam. 250: 126. 1907.

Type locality: “Hab. common on arid, sandy and rocky soils
near the narrows of the Oakangen and Priest’s Rapids of the
Columbia.”

Distribution: Southern British Columbia, southward through
Washington and Oregon to southern California. Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount Pinos, Elmer 3744; near Green
Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Hall ro64; Bear Valley,
Parish 3683; Snow Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish
5959.

3. Lepropacryton Hauuu (Parish) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 146.
1906.
Gila Halliit Parish, Erythea 7: 94. 1899.
Gilia pungens Hallit Milliken, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 2: 42. 1904.
Type locality: “Coyote Canyon, at 5,000 ft. alt. on the desert
slope of El Toro Mt.”
Distribution: Known only from the region of the type locality.
Transition.
Specimens examined: Coyote Canyon, Santa Rosa Mountains,
Hall 21730.

HYDROPHYLLACEAR. Warer-LeaF FAMILy.
1. ERIODICTYON. YeERBA sanTa.

Herbage aromatic, not glandular-pubescent.
Leaves glutinous, nearly or quite glabrous at least above.
1. E. trichocalyx.
Leaves not glutinous, more or less densely silky-tomentose on both sur-
faces.
Corolla 8-12 mm. long, much exceeding the calyx.
2. E. erassifolium.
Corolla 2-3 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the calyx.
3. E. Traskiae.
Herbage very heavy-scented, glandular-pubescent throughout, not at all
tomentos 4. E. Parryt.

(440 )

1. ErropicTyon TRICHOCALYX Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 108.
1904.
Eriodictyon glutinosum pubens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 224.
882.

Type locality: “Seven Oaks Camp, San Bernardino Mountains.”

Distribution: Southern California from the San Gabriel Moun-
tains south to the Mexican Boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mount Wilson, in chaparral near the sum-
mit, Abrams 2607; mesas near San Bernardino, S. B. & W. F.
Parish 411; Mount San Antonio, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams
2655; Edgar Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 2977;
in chaparral between Campo and Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams
3632; Mount Wilson, Davidson, June 12, 1892; Rock Creek, alti-
tude 1140 meters, Abrams & McGregor 5206.

2. ERIODICTYON CRASSIFOLIUM Benth. Bot. Sulph. 35. 1844.

Eriodictyon tomentosum Benth. Bot. Sulph. 36. 1844.

Type locality: “San Diego.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of the foothills and mountains
from Santa Barbara County southward to northern Lower Cali-
fornia. Upper and Lower Sonoran. The form occurring in the
Lower Sonoran, especially in Riverside and San Diego Counties,
is much more silky-tomentose than the more northern Upper
Sonoran form.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, near Santa Bar-
bara, Brandegee, 1888; Laurel Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains,
Hasse, July, 1890; Glendora, Braunton 293; San Fernando Moun-
tains near Chatsworth, Abrams 1363; Acton, Elmer 3598; Little
Santa Anita Canyon, Abrams 2627; Newhall, Davidson, May 5,
1890; Fort Tejon, Abrams & AlcGregor 300; Sisar Canyon, Topa-
topa Mountains, Abrams {8 McGregor 65; Red Reef Canyon,
Topatopa Mountains, dbrams © McGregor 142, 159; Oakgrove
Canyon, Liebre Mountains, dbrams & McGregor 322; near Orange,
dgnes M. Bowman, June, 1899; western base of San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hail 2006; San Jacinto, Berg, April 3, 1904; Witch Creek,
Alderson, May, 1894; Mission Hills, near San Diego, Abrams 3432;
Chollas Valley, Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895; San Diego, Brande-
gee, 1889; Point Loma, Chandler 5067.

(441)

3. Eriopicryon TraskiaE Eastwood, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1:

Type locality: “On one volcanic upland on Santa Catalina
Island, Calif., at an elevation of about 1500 feet.”

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains on the mainland, and
Santa Catalina Island. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Ynez Mountains, Elmer 4017;
the Sisquoc, Santa Barbara County, Baker, July, 1895.

4. Ertropicryon Parryt (A. Gray) aes Pittonia 2: 22. 1889.
Nama Parryi A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 6 :

Type locality: “On the Mohave ae = the San Bernardino
Mountains.”

Distribution: San Gabriel Mountains southward to the Cuia-
maca Mountains, and probably extending into northern Lower
California. Transition.

This is an anomalous species, strikingly different in habit; the
tall, mostly simple, herbaceous stems arise from a more or less
woody, branching base.

Specimens examined: Mount Gleason, San Gabriel Mountains,
Elmer 3643; open pine forests in the vicinity of Strawberry Valley,
San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2502; between Cuiamaca and Ori-
flamme Canyon, Cuiamaca Mountains, Abrams 3927; Rock Creek,
altitude 1650 meters, Abrams &9 McGregor 577; Oakgrove Canyon,
Liebre Mountains, Abrams (F McGregor 386.

MENTHACEAE. Mint Famity.

Anther-bearing stamens 4.
Ovary merely 4-lobed; stamens coiled in the bud, becoming long-exserted

in flower. i. Trichostema.
Ovary deeply 4-parted; ue not long-exserted.

x becoming much inflated. 2. Salazaria.

Calyx not inflated. 3. Sphacele.

Anther-bearing stamens 2. 4. Ramona.

1. TRICHOSTEMA. Buiue-curt.

Corolla-tube well-exserted beyond the calyx. 1. T. lanatum.
Corolla-tube scarcely exserted beyond the calyx. 2. T. Parishii.

i. TrichostEma tanatum Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 659. 1835.

a?

Type locality: “Hab in California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: On dry chaparral ridges from Monterey County

(442 )

southward to Orange County. In southern California this species
is confined to the mountains toward the coast from the Santa Ana
Mountains northward. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sierra Madre, Nevin 932; near Los
Angeles, Wallace; Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1267;
Santiago Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis, May,
1902; Silverado Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis
720 (a form with white instead of purple wool).

2. Tricuostrema Parisuu Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 173. 1880.

Trichostema lanatum denudatum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 459.

Type locality: “San Diego Co., Cal.”

Distribution: On dry ridges of the more interior foothills and
mountains of southern California, where it replaces the coastal
and more northern T. lanatum. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Southern California, no locality given,
Vasey (§ Parish, 1880; vicinity of San Becaarcing, Parish 3645;
Potrero, Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; San Antonio Mountains,
altitude goo meters, Hall rg82; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams © AlcGregor 666; Acton, Elmer 3608; Ja-
cumba Hot Spring, Alearns 3352; between Jacumba Hot Spring
and Campo, Abrams 3602.

2. SALAZARIA.
I, SALAZARIA MEXICANA Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 133. 1859.

Type locality: “Ravines, Chihuahua, below Presidio del Norte
near the Rio Grande.”

Distribution: Dry washes of the arid region, from the Mohave
Desert of southern California eastward to southern Utah, and
southward to northern Mexico. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mill Creek Canyon, Panamint Mountains,
Coville S Funston 756; southern slope of Tehachapi Pass, Bran-
ee eg 1884; Abrams & McGregor 404; Mohave Desert,
S. . F, Parish 893; Mohave Desert, near Hesperia, bi
4932; eastern base of the San Jacinto Mountains, along the borders
of the Colorado Desert, Hall 2107.

(443 |
3. SPHACELE. Pircuer sace.

I. SPHACELE FRAGRANS Greene, Pittonia 1: 38. 1887.

Sphacele calycina Wallaceit A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. 1: 365. 1878.

Type locality: “In canyons of the south side of Santa Cruz
Island.”

Distribution: On shady slopes in the foothills and mountains
of the islands and on the mainland in the San Gabriel Mountains.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Cruz Island, Brandegee, April,
1888; southern California, probably Santa Catalina Island, Wal-
lace; Santa Catalina Island, McClatchie, Sept. 12, 1893; near
Claremont, Baker 5061; Suiezers trail, San Gaba Mountains,
Davidson, June 12, 1893

4. RAMONA.

Bracts scarious-membran
aves entire, not at ie
Inflorescence villous; nae less than 10 mm. long.
i. R.
Inflorescence puberulent; bracts 15 mm.long. 2. R. Tae alte
es crenulate, rugose. 3. R. capitata.
ee Teac s; leaves crenate, rug:
ms wed at base, scape-like, ee 2dm. high. 4. R. humilis.
Shrubs, 1-2 m. hig
eee vericlatee glomerate and interrupted-spicate; corrolla-
tube longer than the limb.
Corolla about 1 cm
Bracts euppidare seaman somewhat tomentose

. Stachyoides.
Bracts obtuse, hoary-tomentose. nivea.
Corolla 2 cm. long.
Bracts acute or acute- ola 9. R. Cleveland.
acts conspicuously a » R. Vaseyi.
Inflorescence thyrsoid- ee oe tube —_ than the limb.
R. polystachya.

1. Ramona pilosa (A. Gray).

Audibertia incana pilosa A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2, ed. 2, pt. 1: 461.
1886.
Type locality: “Northern base of San Bernardino Mountains,
on the border of the Mohave Desert.”
Distribution: Mohave Desert, chiefly in the juniper and yucca
elts. Lower Sonoran.

(444)

Specimens examined: Northern base of the San Bernardino
Mountains, Mohave Desert, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1300;
Mohave Desert, about 1200 meters, Parish 3847; Acton, Hasse,
May 21, 1893; Mescal Creek, Antelope Valley, Hall oe6: Mo-
have Desert, near Burcham’s ranch, Parish 4935; Rock Creek,
Abrams && McGregor 547; Palmdale, Abrams {J McGregor 523.

2. Ramona pacuystacuya (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4.
I

Audibertia incana pachystachya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, ed. 2, pt.

I: 461. 1886.

Audibertia pachystachya Parish, Erythea 6: 91. 1898.
Salvia carnosa compacta Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 111. 1902.

Type locality: “Bear Valley in the San Bernardino Mountains.
Southern borders of San Diego Co.”

Distribution: In the vicinity of Bear Valley, San Bernardino
Mountains, and in the San Jacinto Mountains. Upper Sonoran
and Transition.

Specimens examined: Eastern base of the San Jacinto Moun-
tains, Hall 2160; Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, Parry,
1876; Parish 330; The Pines, Santa Ana Canyon, altitude 1650
meters, Abrams & McGregor 523.

3. Ramona capitata (A. Gray) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia capitata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 387. 1867.
Salvia mohavensis Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892.

Type locality: “Summit of Providence Mountain, Mohave
Desert.”

Distribution: Known only from the type locality. Upper
Sonoran.

4. Ramona HumiLis (Benth.) Greene, Erythea 1: 144. 1893.

Audibertia humilis Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. 1833.
Salvia sonomensts Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.
Type locality: “Hab. in California septentrionali.”
Distribution: Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada of northern and
central California, also in the Cuiamaca Mountains. This is
merely a low herbaceous plant with a woody caudex. Transition.

(445 )

Specimens examined: Cuiamaca Mountain, Brandegee, June 15,
1894; between Cuiamaca Lake and Oriflamme Canyon, Abrams
3938.

5. Ramona stacuyorpEs (Benth.) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia stachyoides Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. 1833.

Salvia mellifera Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.

Type locality: “In California septentrionali.”

Distribution: Santa Cruz and Mount Hamilton ranges south-
ward to northern Lower California. In southern California this
is one of the common and characteristic shrubs of the dry plains
and foothills. It is commonly called “black sage,” and is highly
prized by bee-keepers. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Montecito, Bingham 30; Mission Canyon,
Santa Barbara, Abrams, March 6, 1909; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa
Monica Mountains, Abrams 2540; Pasadena, Mc Clatchie, May 20,
1897; near Orange, Miss Bowman, June, 1899; plains near San
Bernardino, Parish 4795; San Diego, Palmer 301; Dunn, March
21, 1891; Miss Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895; Point Loma, Chandler
5063; Big Tejunga wash, San Fernando Valley, Abrams 1391;
Ramona, Brandegee (distributed by C. F. Baker 3410).

6. Ramona Nivea (Benth.) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia nivea Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 313. 1833.
Salvia leucophylla Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.

Type locality: “In California septentrionali.”

Distribution: A common shrub on the low foothills from Santa
Barbara County south to the Santa Ana Mountains. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Ojai, Peckham, 1866; Santa Bar-
bara County, Rothrock 4, 133; Bolander, 1873; San Francisquito
Canyon, Parish, June, 1887; Newhall, Pringle, May 20, 1882;
A. Gray, May, 1885; Saugus, Grant rros; Sulphur Mountain,
Abrams (J McGregor 13; Sespe Creek, near Ten Sycamore Flat,
Abrams 3 McGregor 185.

(446 )

7, Ramona Cievecanpl (A. Gray) Briquet, Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.
Audibertia Clevelandi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 76. 1874.
Salvia Clevelandi Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.
Audibertia Palmerit A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 601. 1876.
Salvia Palmert Greene, Pittonia 2: 236. 1892.
Ramona Palmeri Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.

Type locality: “Mountains behind San Diego, California, at
the elevation of about 2,200 feet.”

Distribution: In the chaparral of western San Diego County
and Santa Catalina Island, southward to northern Lower California.
Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tigh’s ranch, near Cuiamaca, Palmer
302; San Juan Capistrano, Nevin 686; Santa Catalina Island,
Lyon r2; near Potrero, Abrams 3745; Descanso, Parish 4424;
near Ramona, Abrams 3778; near Valley Centre, Chandler 5349.

8. Ramona Vaseyi (Porter) Briquet, Ball. Herb. Boiss.
2: 440. 1894.

Audibertia Vaseyi Porter, Bot. Gaz. 6: 207. 1881.
Type locality: “Mountain Springs, San Diego County, California.”

Distribution: Desert slopes of the mountains of southern Cali-
fornia from Morongo Pass south to the Mexican Boundary.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Morongo wash, Parish 3233; Mountain
Springs, Vasey, 1880.

g. Ramona potystacHya (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 235.
1892.
Audibertia polystachya Benth. Lab. Gen. & SP: 314. 1833.

Type locality: ‘In California septentrionali.”

Distribution: Monterey County southward to northern Lower
California. This is a very common shrub on the low hills and
dry plains of southern California, and is commonly called ‘white
sage.” Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Abrams 4125; Acton, Elmer 3684; Sierra Madre, Abrams 2642;
Claremont, Baker 4155; San Bernardino, Parish 4796; Coronado,
Chandler 5172; San Diego, Thurber 530; Palmer 300; Miss Susan

(447 )
G. Stokes, July, 1895; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains,

Abrams &F McGregor 147; Rock Creek, altitude 1350 meters,
Abrams (8 McGregor 569

SOLANACEAR. NicutsuHape Famity.

Corolla rotate; stamens connivent. 1. Solanum.
Corolla tubular or funnelform; stamens not connivent.
Fruit a berry, sometimes becoming nearly dry. 2. Lycium.
Fruit capsular. 3. Nicotiana.

1. SOLANUM. NicutsHape.
Corolla s-cleft; peduncles longer than the pedicels. 1. S. Douglasti.
Corolla 5-toothed or 5-lobed; peduncles oes than the pedicels.
ves entire; stems ne or viscid-pubescent.

Herbage viscid-pubescent. z. S. Xanit.
Herbage glabrate or hispidulous. 2a. S. Xanti glabrescens.
Leaves crenate; stems long-hirsute. . S. Wallacei.

1. Sotanum Douctasi Dunal, in DC. Prod. 18, pt. 1: 48. 1852.

Solanum nigrum Douglasit A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 538. 1876.
Solanum umbelliferum trachycladum Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 7: 17.

185

Type locality: “In Nova California.”

Distribution: In the coastal region from Monterey southward
to northern California. This native plant, more or less woody,
and perennial, is clearly distinct from the European annual, S.
nigrum, which occasionally appears as a wayside weed. Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, 4brams 1216; Inglewood,
Abrams 2488; near Monrovia, Dudley, Dec. 1907; Sulphur Moun-
tain, Abrams (2 McGregor 23; Lone Pine Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, Abrams ( McGregor 690.

2. Soranum Xanti A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 90. 1876.
Solanum Xanti intermedium Parish, Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2:

168. 1901.

Type locality: Kantus’ specimens were collected at Fort Tejon.

Distribution: Foothills of the ale Nevada, southward through
southern California. Upper Sono

Specimens examined: Cajon Pass, Hall 3000; Claremont,

(448)

Chandler, 1897; Mount Wilson, Abrams 2586; Campo, Abrams
3593; Sawpit Canyon, near Monrovia, Dudley, Dec. 18, 1907;
Liebre Mountain, Abrams {5 McGregor 336; Rock Creek, Abrams
&f McGregor 597; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams
&§ McGregor 154.

2a. SOLANUM NANTI GLABRESCENS (Torr.) Parish, Proc. Calif.
Acad. IIT. 2: 169. 1go1.

Solanum umbelliferum glabrescens Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 7: 17.

1856.

Type locality: “Santa Ynez; also between San Bernardino and
San Gabriel.”

Distribution: Southern Oregon southward to Lower California
and northern Arizona. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Dry hillsides near San Dieguito, 4brams
3362; Oceanside, Parish 4437; San Diego, Palmer 260; San
Ysabel, Henshaw, April 9, 1893; La Mesa, Chandler 5059; River-
side, Hall 2929; San Bernardino, Parish 4384; between San
Bernardino and San Gabriel, Antisell; Gaviota, Elmer 3957;
vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4692; Lytle Creek Canyon,
Hall 1224; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
2550

3. Soranum Wattiace! (A. Gray) Parish, Proc. Calif.
Acad. IIT. 2: 166. Igor.

Solanum Xantt Wallacet A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 91. 1876.
Type locality: “Island of Catalina off San Pedro, California.”
Distribution: Foothills of Santa Ynez Mountains and on the

islands off the coast of southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, allace; Santa

Barbara, /Vheelock, Feb. 24, 1893; Bartlette Canyon, Rothrock

131; Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara, Abrams 41309.

2. LYCIUM. Box-tHorn.
mare not glandular-pubes

x-lobes lanceolate, pe ng the tube. 1. L. Richii.
Caly x-lobes oblong or triangular, ae than the tube.
Corolla-tube short, not exceeding the calyx. 2. L. californicum.

Corolla-tube about 3 times the length of the calyx.

(449)

Herbage glabrous or oe so; calyx-lobes triangular, much
shorter than the tu
Leaves mostly 2-3 cm. ie calyx-lobes tomentose on the
margins; filaments woolly at base. L. yi.
Leaves mostly less than I cm. long; dye lobes te
or nearly so; filaments sparsely ae at bas

: “Andersonii.
Herbage pubescent; calyx-lobes oblong, i ee the tube.
de ishii.
Herbage glandular-pubescent; corolla more or less pabeicenr:
. L. Cooper.

1. Lycrum Ricui A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 46. 1862.

Lycium Hasset Greene, Pittonia 1: 222. 1888.

Type locality: “La Paz, South California.”

Distribution: On the islands off the coast of southern California,
and also on the mainland in the vicinity of San Diego. Upper
and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Hasse, July 15,
1888; San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, July, 18

z. Lycrum caLirornicum Nutt.; A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 542.

Type locality: “Near San Diego on clay-hill slopes.”

Distribution: On bluffs near the sea and occasionally in sub-
alkaline soils in the interior of southern California and northern
Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Diego, Nuttall; Palmer 262; Cooper,
March, 1862; San Pedro Hills, near Rocky Point, Abrams 3131;
Wilmington, Pringle, March 31, 1882; Santa Monica, Parry 216;
near Acton, Elmer 3757; Laguna Beach, Helen D. Geis 58r.

3. Lycrum Torrevi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 47. 1862.

Type locality: “Texas on the Rio Grande, to Fort Yuma, in-

terior of California, es the Mexican boundary.”
istribution: Southern Utah, southward to western Texas,
Chihuahua and eee ore Coren.

Specimens examined: Fort Yuma, Thomas, March 3, 1855.
4. Lycrum Anpersoni A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 388. 1867.
Lycium Andersonit Wrightiti A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 543. 1876.

Type locality: “S. E. part of State of Nevada.”

(450)

Distribution: Southern Arizona and southern California on
the Colorado Desert and in the vicinity of San Diego. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Diego, Jones, April 5, 1882; Abrams
3464; Tia Juana, Abrams 3491; Morongo Pass, S. B. & W. F.
Parish r1-a; Palm Springs, Parish 4132; Mohave River, Palmer,
May, 1876; Elsinore, Baker, 4145; Vallecitos, Brandegee, April 10,
1896.

5. Lycrum Parisui A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 305. 1884.

Type locality: “Mesas in San Bernardino Valley, S. California.”

Distribution: This was described from a single bush which ac-
cording to Mr. Parish has since been destroyed. ‘The species
has never been rediscovered. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mesa south of San Bernardino, Parish,
May, 1885.

6. Lycrum Coopert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 388. 1867.

Lycium Cooperi pubifiora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2, pt. : 238. 1878.

Type locality: ‘East slope of Providence Mountain, in the
Mohave District, California.”

Distribution: Mohave and Colorado Deserts, eastward to Ari-
zona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Calexico and Signal Mountain,
on the International Boundary, Abrams 3149; Palmdale, Elmer
3661; Victor, Palmer 22344; Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 18,
1882.

3. NICOTIANA. Tosacco.

1. Nicortana ctauca R. Grah. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 175.
1828.

Type locality: ‘It was raised in 1827 from seeds communi-
cated, without specific name, to the Royal Botanical Garden,
Edinburgh, by Mr. Smith at Monkwood, whose son sent them from
Buenos Ayres.”

Distribution: The tree-tobacco, which is naturalized from South
America, is frequent in waste places and along dry washes of
streams, often found extending well up into the canyons. Upper
and Lower Sonoran.

(451)

Specimens examined: Gaviota, Elmer 3997; Santa Ana, Agnes
M. Bowman, April, 1899; Tia Juana, Susan G. Stokes, June, 1895.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Ficwort Famity.

Stamens 4, the fifth represented by a sterile filament. 1. Pentstemon.
Stamens 4, the fifth wholly wanting. 2. Diplacus

1. PENTSTEMON. Bearp-roncuE.

Corolla red; tube elongated, narrow; limb strongly bilabiate; leaves serrate
r denticulate.

Leaves ovate; scandant over shrubs. 1. P. cordifolius.
Leaves meer lanecolate: remote and often ternate on the virgate, her-
ous branches. 2 natus.
Corolla aie or tinged with purple; tube short.

Leaves entire; sterile filament densely bearded. 3. P. antirrhinoides.
Leaves few-toothed; sterile-filament not bearded.
ms and leaves puberulent. 4. P. jacintensis.
Stems and leaves glabrous. 5. P breviflorus.

1. PENTSTEMON corDIFoLIus Benth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 7.
1835.

Type locality: “A new California species collected by Mr.
Douglas

Distribution: Common in the chaparral belt, from Santa Bar-
bara County to northern Lower California; also on the islands off
the coast. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: California, probably Santa Barbara,
Douglas; Santa Barbara, Rich; Elmer 3956; Sepulveda Canyon,
aie Monica Mountains, Abrams 2545; Claremont, Baker 3441;

unas Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1694;
nets of the San Bernardino Mountains, Parish, July 8, 1898;
Lytle Creek Canyon, Hail, June 17, 1899; Jamul Valley, Palmer
273; Cottonwood Valley, 4brams 3905; Sycamore Canyon, San
Diego County, Chandler 5328; Mission Valley, Susan G. Siokes,
June, 1895; Alpine, San Diego County, Mearns 3940; near Pasa-
dena, Grinnell, July 3, 1903; Santa Monica Canyon, Abrams 1468;
Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Mountains, Abrams & McGregor
I50.

2. PENTSTEMON TERNATUS Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 2: 115. 1859.

Type locality: ““Mountains east of San Diego.”

(452)

Distribution: Chaparral belt of the interior mountains of
southern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Fort Tejon, Xantus 63;
Acton, Elmer 3507; Pasadena, Mc Clatchie, June 28, 1893; Water-
man Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Hall, July 13, 1899;
foothills, San Bernardino Mountains, Parish, June 1, 1898; Clark’s
ranch, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams 2939; mountains east
of San Diego, Parry, 1850 (type); Potrero, Susan G. Stokes, July,
1895; Abrams 3726; Claremont, Baker 5967; Julian, Palmer 274;
Palomar Mountains, Chandler sa41; | Chalk Hill, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2634; Oakgrove Canyon, Liebre Mountains,
Abrams F McGregor 304; Cajon Pass, Abrams F McGregor 608.

3. PENTSTEMON ANTIRRHINOIDES Benth.; A. DC. Prod. 10: 594.
1846.

Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Coulter.

Distribution: In the chaparral of the low foothills and plains,
from the vicinity of San Bernardino and the Santa Ana Mountains,
southward to northern Lower California. Lower and Upper
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Colton, Jones 3178; near San Bernardino,
Parish, May 26, 1898; Reche Canyon, Hall, May 17, 1899; El-
sinore, Mc Clatchie, May 20, 1893; near San Jacinto, Leiberg 3220;
Foster, Hall 3879; San Miguel Mountain, Chandler 5273; Potrero,
Abrams 3712; near Fallbrook, Abrams 3347; San Ysabel, Hen-
shaw 146; Silverado Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D.
Gets 735; canyon of the San Jacinto River, Hall 2016, June,
1901.

4. PENTSTEMON jacINTENSIs Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 33:
445. 1906.

Type locality: “San Jacinto Mountain, altitude 9,000 feet.

Distribution: Open pine forests of the San Jacinto Mountains.
Transition.

Specimens examined: San Jacinto Mountain, S. B. t9 IF. F.
Parish 473; Hall 704; Tahquitz Valley, Hall 2588; F. Grinnell,
July, 1908.

33

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5. PENTSTEMON BREVIFLORUS Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1046.
1837.

Type locality: Collected by Douglas, probably near Monterey.

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges and the Sierra
Nevada in Central California, extending southward to the Liebre
Mountains in southern California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Oakgrove Canyon and Elizabeth
Lake, Abrams (9 McGregor 4oo.

2. DIPLACUS. BusH MONKEY-FLOWER.
Flowers yellow or buff.
Corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx; lobes not erose-toothed; calyx
and leaves not pubescent. 1. D. aridus.
Corolla- sae proper not exceeding the calyx; lobes erose-toothed; leaves
pubescent beneath; calyx usually woolly. . Dz Da ioeae:
Flowers anes corolla- lobes not erose- eee calyx cabrous
. puniceus.

1. DipLtacus aripus Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 540. 1905,

Type locality: eu on dry rocky ridges at Jacumba near
the boundary monument.’

Distribution: Desert slopes of the Cuiamaca Mountains near
the International Boundary. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3656.

2. Diptacus toncirLorus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 139. 1838.

Mimulus glutinosus brachypus A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 566. 1876.
Diplacus arachnoideus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 210. 1885.
Diplacus calycinus Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 41: 287. 1906.

Type locality: ‘In rocky places by small streams, in the vicinity
of Sta. Barbara (Upper California).”

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada and Santa Barbara
County, southward to northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

e form with a glabrous calyx, which occurs in San Diego
County, may be distinct, but the genus needs a thorough revision
before more forms are segregated.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 3950; Mission
Canyon, near Santa Barbara, Eastwood 19; Los Angeles, Hasse,
Oct. 1887; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
2543; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4792; Ysidora, Abrams
3287; between Campo and Potrero, Abrams 3716.

(454)

3. Dretacus puniceus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1838.

Diplacus glutinosus puniceus Benth. DC. Prod. 10: 368. 1844.
Mimulus glutinosus puniceus A. Gray, Bot. Calif. I: 566. 1876.

Type locality: “In sandy loam by the borders of small winter
streams, attaining commonly the height of a man, growing near
to Sta. Diego, in Upper California.”

Distribution: Riverside County and the Santa Ana Mountains,
southward to northern Lower California, also on the islands
off the southern California coast. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of Riverside, Hall 2928; San
Diego, Palmer 283; Thurber 545; San Luis Rey River, Parish
4461; Palomar Mountain, Hall, May 31, 1899; Ysidora, Abrams
3285; Mission Hills, San Diego, Hall 5053; Fallbrook, Jones 3439.

ACANTHACEAE. Acanruus Famity.
1. BELOPERONE.

I. BELOPERONE CALIFORNICA Benth. Bot. Sulph. 38. 1844.
Jacobina californica Nees, DC. Prod. 11: 729. 18
Seriocographis californica ‘A. Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, 125.

18

59.

Type locality: “Cape San Lucas,” Lower California.

Distribution: Colorado Desert of southern California, south-
ward through the desert regions of Lower California. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4136; Coyote
Canyon, altitude 200 meters, Hall 2767; Vallecitos, Colorado
Desert, Brandegee, March 26, 1901; near Coachella, Hall 5776.

BIGNONIACEAE, Trumpet-crEEPER Famity.
1, CHILOPSIS. Frowerine witiow.

1, CHILOPSIS LINEARIS (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 283. 1827.
Bignonia linearis Cav. Ic. 3: 35, pl. 2690. 1794
Chilopsis saligna Don. Edinb. Phil. Journ. 9: 261. 1823.

Type locality: Not given.

Distribution: Mohave Desert, southward and eastward to
western Texas and Mexico. Growing along dry washes and stream

(455)

beds of the desert mountains. In southern California extending
into the coastal slope through the Morongo Pass. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Eastern base of San Jacinto Mountain,
Hall 2112; Warner’s ranch, San Diego County, Susan G. Stokes,
Aug. 1895; Cushenberry Springs, north slope of San Bernardino
Mountains, Abrams 2142; San Felipe, Abrams 3979.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysucxie Famity.

Leaves pinnate; corolla rotate. 1. Sambucus.
Leaves simp
Corolla short Ite, regular; berry white. 2. Symphoricarpus.
Corolla tubular, irregular; —. red or black. 3. Lonicera.

1. SAMBUCUS. ELpeEr.

Fruit without bloom I. S. mexicana.
Fruit with a wacucus bloom.
Herbage pubescent. 2. S. velutina.
Herbage glabrous. 3. S. coerulea.

1. SamMBucus MEXICANA Presl.; DC. Prod. 4: 322. 1830.

Type locality: “In Mexico.”

Distribution: Southern California to Texas and south through
Mexico and Costa Rica, according to Schwerin. I have not seen
any specimen that can be referred to this species with certainty.
but fruiting material has been seldom collected, and it may be that
some of the material referred to the next species belongs here.

*2. SamBucus vELuTINA Dur. & Hilg. Pacif.R. Rep. 5: 8. 1855,

Sambucus coerulea velutina Schwerin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.
37) 320. 1909.

Type locality: ‘‘Pose Creek,” Kern County, California.

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada and the mountains of
southern California. The herbage is usually densely pubescent,
ut occasionally nearly glabrous forms occur. Upper Sonoran
and Transition.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,
Hall 1347; Mount San Antonio, altitude 2400 meters, Abrams 2710;

*After this paper went to the printer Greene (Leaflets 2: 99) described
several new species of Sambucus, one of which, Sambucus coriacea, is the
pubescent form in the foothills of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. I
had tentatively referred these plants to S. velutina,

(456)

Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Abrams © McGregor 493;
Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, altitude 1800 meters, Abrams
&§ McGregor 596; Santa Barbara, Elmer 3836; Sulphur Moun-
tain, Abrams &9 McGregor 6; Red Reef Canyon, Topatopa Moun-
tains, Abrams (F McGregor 139.

3. SaMBUCUS COERULEA Raf. Alsog. Am. 48. 1838.

Sambucus glauca Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 13. 1841.

Type locality: “Mentioned by Lewis and Clarke trav. 2, p. 160
as growing near Origon Nits.”

Distribution: Idaho and Washington, southward through west-
ern Nevada and California to northern Lower California. In
southern California this elder is common in the foothills and in
both the coastal and interior valleys. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish, 1898;
Chatsworth, Abrams 1326; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica
Mountains, Abrams 2538; Oneonta, Chandler 5117; Jamacha,
Chandler 5254; Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor 299; Oakgrove
Canyon, Liebre Mountains, dbrams & McGregor 329; Swartout
Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, 4brams t§ McGregor 630; Lone
Pine Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams & AlcGregor 686;
Tia Juana River, near the initial monument, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902.

2. SYMPHORICARPUS Dill. Sxowserry.

Corolla short-campanulate, lobes equaling the tube. 1. S. mollis.
Corolla tubular-funnelform, lobes shorter than the tube. 2. S. Parishii.

1, SYMPHORICARPUS MOLLIs Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 4.

Symphoricarpus ciliatus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl N. Am. 2: 4.
8

1841.

Type locality: “St. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Coast ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada
of central California, southward to the Cuiamaca Mountains. Up-
per Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara Nuttall; 4. Gray, 1885;
Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, dbrams 347, 2552;
Spencer Valley, near Julian, .fbrams 3785; Mount Wilson, Grant
1260.

(457)

2. SYMPHORICARPUS ParisHit Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 26:
545. 1899.

Type locality: “San Bernardino Mountains.”

Distribution: San Gabriel Mountains, southward to the San
Jacinto Mountains. Transition and Canadian Zones.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,
Abrams 2081; Tamarack Valley, altitude 2700 meters, San Jacinto
Mountains, Hall 2485; Swartout Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
altitude 1950 meters, Abrams (9 McGregor 638; Dry Lake, San
Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2700 meters, Abrams &F McGregor

87.

3. LONICERA. Honeysuckte.
Flowers in terminal clusters.
Inflorescence pubescent

Uppermost leaves connate. 1. L. hispidula californica.
Leaves all distinct.
aves tomentose beneath. L. subspicata.

Leaves nearly or quite glabrous ae green beneath.
L. subspicata denudata.
Inflorescence glabro 3. L. interrupta.
Flowers on axillary oes in pairs. 4. L. Ledebourit.

1. LonICERA HISPIDULA CALIFORNICA (Torr. & Gray) Rehder,
Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 178. 1903.

Lonicera californica Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 7. 1841.
Caprifolium californicum K. Koch, Hort. Dendr. 294. 1853.
Lonicera hispidula vacillans A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 628.

1873.

Caprifolium hispidulum californicum Greene, Fl. Fran. 347. 1892.
ype locality: “At San Francisco, Douglas.”

Distribution: British Columbia southward to the Sierra Nevada
and Coast Ranges of central California. ‘This species is not known
on the mainland in southern California, but a form with ‘‘the
inflorescence densely glandular-pubescent” has been collected
on Catalina Island by Blanche Trask, according to Rehder.

2. Lonicera susspicata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy 349. 1840.

Caprifolium subspicatum K. Koch, Hort. Dendr. 294. 1853.
Lonicera hispidula subspicata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 628.
1873

(458 )

Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas, prob-
ably at Santa Barbara.

Distribution: Santa Barbara and Fort Tejon southward to the
Santa Ana and San Jacinto Mountains. This is the common
species in the chaparral of the coastal slope. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Douglas; Nuttall; Bart-
lett Canyon, Santa Ynez Mountains, Rothrock 124; Mountain
Drive, near Santa Barbara, Abrams 4148; near Santa Barbara,
Elmer 3729; Sepulveda Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams
367, Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2529; near
Santa Ana, Helen D. Geis 518; Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena,
Grinnell, June 27, 1903; Sawpit Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,
Dudley, Dec. 1907; Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor 309; Cleg-
horn Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams & AMeGregor

o4; Waterman Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains, Shaw &
Illingsworth 9, 226.

2a. LoNICERA SUBSPICATA DENUDATA Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 14: 176. 1903.

Type eee “San Diego,” and also “Santo Thomas hills,”
Lower Californi

Distribution: "Foothills of San Diego County southward into
Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Diego, Thurber 558 (type); Susan
G. Stokes, July 10, 1895; Spencer Valley, near Julian, Abrams
3804 (a form approaching the type); Chollas Valley, Orcutt r20.

3. LonicERA INTERRUPTA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 313. 1849.

Lonicera hispidula interrupta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 628.
1873

Caprifolium interruptum Greene, Fl. Fran. 347. 1892.

Type locality: ‘“Juxta carmel prope Monterey.”

Distribution: Northern Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada
southward to the desert slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains.

Specimens examined: Newhall, Hasse 605; Red Reef Canyon,
‘Topatopa Mountains, dbrams & Meret 136; Oakgrove Canyon,
Liebre Mountains, dbdrams &9 McGregor 326, 3905; Swartout Can-
yon, San Gabriel Mountains, Abrams 9 McGregor 6209.

(459)

4. Lontcera LEpEBouRI Esch. Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 10: 284.
1826.

Chamaecerasus Ledebourtt Billiard, L’Hort. Franc. 1861: 256. 1861.

Lonicera intermedia Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 1: 154. 1863.

Caprifolium Ledebourtt Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 274. 1891.

Distegia Ledebourit Greene, Man. Bot. Bay me 164. 41894.

Avylosteum Ledebourtt Howell ,F1. N. W. Am. 1: 282. 1900.

Lonicera involucrata bedboun: Hort.; Zabel in Beissner, Schelle
& Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-Bea. ee 1903

Type locality: Collected by Eschscholtz, ane re in the vicin-
ity of San Franscisco.

Distribution: In moist shady places along streams; Santa
Barbara northward through the Coast ranges and along the western
slope of the Sierra Nevada to northern California. Transition
and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4138.

AMBROSIACEAE. Racweep Famity.

Involucre of pistillate heads with broad silvery scarious wings.

1. Hymenoclea.
Involucre of pistillate heads armed with several rows of prickles.

2. Gaertneria.
1. HYMENOCLEA.

Involucral bracts of pistillate heads spirally alternate, 5 mm. broad.

1. H. Salsola.
Involucral bracts of pistillate heads in a single whorl, 1-2 mm. broad.

2. H. monogyra.

1. Hymenociea Satsorta Torr. & Gray, Pl. Fendl. 79. 1849.

Type locality: “Sandy, saline uplands near the Mohave River,
in the interior desert of California.”” Transition and Upper Son-
oran.

Distribution: A common shrub in the sandy washes throughout
the desert region. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Palmdale, Elmer 3622; Mohave Desert,
Brandegee; Whitewater, Vasey, Feb., 1881; Palm Springs, Parish
4123; San Felipe, Vasey, June, 1880; Rock Creek, Abrams &
McGregor 542; Wilkow Springs, Abrams & McGregor q2a2.

( 460 )

2. Hymenoc.tes Monocyra Torr. & Gray, Pl. Fendl. 79. 1849.

Tyre locality: “Along the valley of the Gila.”

Distribution: In the vicinity of San Diego and adjacent Lower
California, eastward to western Texas. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Chollas Valley, Susan G. Stokes, Aug.
25, 1895; Mission Valley, San Diego, Brandegee, Aug. 1902; San
Diego, Orcutt, Oct. 11, 1883.

2. GAERTNERIA.
Spines of the bur straight.
Leaves pinnately parted; spines glabrous or minutely pubescent.
1. G. dumosa
Leaves sinuate-toothed to sinuate-pinnatifid; spines villous.
2. G. eriocentra.
Spines of the bur uncinate.
Leaves petioled, crenately toothed. 3. G. oe
Leaves clasping, coarsely spinose-dentate. 4. G. iltetfolt

1. GAERTNERIA DuMosA (A. Grav) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339.

Franseria dumosa A. Gray, in Frem. Second Rep. 316. 1845.

Type locality: “On the sandy uplands of the Mohave River,
and very common in all that region of North California.”

Distribution: A very common and characteristic shrub of the
Mohave and Colorado Deserts, extending eastward to southern
Utah, and southward into northern Mexico and Lower California.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Signal Mlountain, Imperial County,
Abrams 3179; Mohave Desert, Brandegee; Palm Springs, Parish
412i.

2, GAERTNERIA ERIOCENTRA (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.
339-1891

Franseria eriocentra A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 355. 1868.
Type locality: “East slope of Providence Mountain, Arizona.”
Distribution: From the Providence Mountains, eastward through

southern Nevada and adjacent Arizona. Lower Sonoran,
Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from

southern California.

(461 )

3. Gaertneria chenopodifolia (Benth.)

Franseria chenopodifolia Benth. Bot. Sulph. 26. 1844.
Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena.”
Distribution: On the south slopes of hills at Tia Juana, and
extending southward into Lower California. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3476.

4. GAERTNERIA ItictFouia (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:
339. I89I.
Franseria ilictfolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 77. 1876.

Type locality: “Great Canyon of the Tantillas Mountains,
near the northern border of Lower California.”

Distribution: Colorado Desert along the southern border of
the State, eae sites on the desert slopes of Lower
California. Lower

Specimens a. Signal Mountain, Abrams 3184.

ASTERACEAE. Aster Famity.

Anthers not caudate at base.
Receptacle naked.
Pappus of capillary- bristles, except Gutierrezia; involucral bract not
scarious-margined.
Involucral bracts imbricated.
Involucral bracts striate; style-branches thickened elias
stigmatic only below the middle. 1. Eupatorie
Involucral bracts not striate; style-branches with peer
terminal appendages, stigmatic to — the middle.
. Aster
Involucral bracts in I or 2 series, ee | noe eorrere
spartum; style-branches stigmatic to the pap one
6. Senecioneae.
Pappus not of capillary-bristles; involucral bracts imbricated,
scarious-margine 5. Anthemideae.
Receptacle with chaffy pee: L
Anthers caudate at base.
Trise 1. LEupatorieae.
Achenes 5- sue or 5-ribbed. 1. Hofmeisteria.
Achenes fo-nerv 2. Coleosanthus.
Tribe 2. Astereae.
Rays present, yellow.
Pappus of several short scales; heads small; slender, suffrutescent plants.
3. Gutterrezia.

( 462)

Pappus of capillary bristles

Heads solitary, dernnaeine naked peduncles. 5. ees

Heads not terminating naked peduncles, seldom solit

: Ge
Rays none.

Flowers an yellow

Pa white or pallet

ee us-bristles all ce
ee saa not in distinct vertical sai herbage

resinous-pu te. 6. Ericameria,
Involve aes in distinct vertical ranks; cl the first
cles resinous-punctate. ?. sothamnus,
ae ane at least some, with Aaeehed tips.
4. Acamptopappus.
Pappus tawny; bracts well-imbricated, squamose
. Hazardia.
Flowers dioecious, whitish. g. Baccharis.

TRIBE 3. Inuleae.

Willow-like shrub, with silvery appressed pubescence. 10. Pluchea.

Tripe 4. Heliantheae.
Pappus of plumose-bristles, rays none. ii. Bebbia.
Pappus of scales; rays present or none.
Disk-achenes thick, 4- or 5-angled, not winged 12. Vigutera.
Disk-achenes flattened, the acute angles ciliate or winged.
13. Encelia.
TRIBE §. Anthemideae.
Spinescent undershrub; achenes and flowers cobwebbry.

14. Picrothamnus.
Not spinescent; achenes and flowers not cobwebby.

15. .drtemisia.

Trise 6. Senecioneae.
Involucral bracts in 3 or 4 series, imbricated; leaves scale-like.
16. Lepidospartum.
Involucral bracts in I or 2 series
Bracts of the involucre many, linear to subulate.
Heads discoid.
Heads radiate

17. os
Bracts of the involucre 4-6, broad and obtuse.

19. Senec
18. Torna mia.

1. HOFMEISTERIA.
1. HorMEISTERIA PLURISETA A. Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 96
pl. 9. 1857.

Type scaly: “In a canyon at Bill William’s fork, northern
Arizona.”

( 463 )

Distribution: Rocky places through the Mohave and the
Colorado Deserts of southern California, eastward to Arizona and
southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.

oe examined: Palm Springs, Parish 4122; Camp Cady,
Hall 6

z. COLEOSANTHUS.
Heads campanulate, terminating eran Aina.
Leaves ovate, rounded or Lara at bas
Herbage scabrou » green. 1. C. atractyloides.
erbage ahiestomentoce, 2. C. incanus.
Leaves linear to oblong or obovate, narrowed at base.
Inner involucral a acuminate; leaves 15— ae mm. long
C. linifolius,
Inner involucral bracts merely acutish; leaves Fa 15 mm. long.
4. C. frutescens.

Heads turbinate, paniculate or glomer
Herbage white-tomentose; near bracts acute. 5. C. Nevinii.
Herbage greenish (except 7); involucral bracts acute.
Leaves ovate; heads 10-15-flowered.
Involucre 10-12 mm. high. 6. C. phos
re 7-8 mm. high. 7. C. desetorum.
Leaves lanceolate; heads 5-flowered. 8. C. ee

1. CoLEOSANTHUS ATRACTYLOIDES (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev.
Pl. 1: 328. 1891.

Brickellia atractyloides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290. 1870.

Type locality: “Utah, near the Rio Colorado.”

Distribution: The Mohave and Colorado Deserts of southern
California, eastward to Arizona and southern Nevada. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Palm Springs, S. B.& W.F. Parish
210; northern base of the San Bernardino Mountains, Parish
3710; Cushenberry Spring, Parish 2387; Colorado Desert, Bran-
degee, 1901; no locality, Parry & Lemmon 158; Rabbit Springs,
Parish 4875; Providence Mountains, Brandegee, May 27, 1902.

2 CoLrosantTHus incanus (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia incana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 350. 1868.
Type locality: “Providence Mountain, in the Mohave district.”
Distribution: In dry washes of the Mohave Desert, eastward to
southern Nevada. Lower Sonoran.

( 464 )

Specimens examined: Providence Mountains, Cooper, 1860-61;
dry washes near Mohave River, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1248;
Cushenberry Springs, Parish 2388.

3. CoLEOSANTHUS LINIFOLIUS (Eaton) Kuntze, Rev.
1: 328. 1891
Brickellia linifolia Eaton, Bot. King. Exp. 137, pl. 15, fig. 1-6.

1871.
Brickellia mohavensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 2: 104. 1884.

Type locality: “Sandy bottoms of American Fork, Jordan
Valley, Utah.”

Distribution: Gravelly places in the Mohave and Colorado
Deserts, eastward to Arizona and Colorado. Lower Sonoran.

Soccaens examined: Cactus Flat, Cushenberry Canyon, north
slope of the San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 3111; eastern base
of San Jacinto Mountain, Hall 2142; Providence Mountains,
Brandegee, May 26, 1902.

4. COLEOSANTHUS FRUTESCENS (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pl. i: 328. 1891.

Brickellia frutescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 207. 1882.
Type locality: “Mountain Springs, San Diego Co.”
Distribution: Dry gravelly ridges on the desert slope of the

Cuiamaca Mountains, southward into adjacent Lower California.

Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3665.

5. CoLteosantuus Nevini (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Am.
Pl. 8
Brickellia Nevinti A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 297. 1884.
Type locality: “Los Angeles Co., California, near Newhall.”
Distribution: Mountains of Ventura County, southward to the
southern slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Hot Springs Canyon, Ventura County,
Abrams &§ McGregor 192; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 37351;
near Sherman, Braunion 17; Greata 331.

6. COLEOSANTHUS CALIFORNICUS (Torr. & Gray) Kuntze,
ev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.

Bulbostylis californica Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 79. 1840.

(465 )

Brickellia californica (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 64. 1849.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: Mendocino County and the foothills of the Sierra

Nevada, southward to northern Lower California. In southern

California this species is common on the coastal slope, growing

in washes and on dry ridges in the chaparral. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Elmer 4189; Arroyo Seco,

near Pasadena, Grinnell, Nov. 14, 1903; Elysian Park, Los An-
geles, Abrams 4173; San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains,

Baker 3696; foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, S.

tf WF. Parish 566; San Diego, Cleveland, 1874; Santiago Gavon:

Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis 523; Campo, Palmer r7r.

7. COLEOSANTHUS DESETORUM Coville, Cont. Nat. Herb. 4: 119.
1893.
Brickellia desetorum Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7: 68. 1892.
Brickellia californica desetorum (Coville) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
t. 3: 33. 1907.

Type locality: “Between Banning and Seven Palms, on the
Southern Pacific Railroad, California.”

Distribution: Growing in canyons on the desert slopes along
the Colorado and Mohave deserts. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Dos Cabesas, Orcutt, Nov. 1, 1890.

8. CoLtzosanTHus Kwappianus (Drew) Greene, Erythea 1: 54.
1893.
Brickellia Knappiana Drew, Pittonia 1: 260. 1888.
Type locality: “In the neighborhood of the Mohave River.”’
Distribution: In the more eastern and northern part of the
Mohave Desert, perhaps not within our range. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Pleasant Canyon, Panamint Mountains,

Hall & Chandler 69109.

3. GUTIERREZIA.

Flowers of ray and disk 1~2 each. 1. G. lucida.
Flowers of ray and disk several each.
Ultimate branchlets ascending, destitute of bract-like anes
. divergens.
Ultimate branchlets strictly divaricate, clothed with very on bract-like
leaves. . G. bracteata.

( 466)

These species are scarcely more than suffrutescent, and probably
could be excluded with equa! propriety.

I. GUTIERREZIA LuciIDA Greene, FI. Franc. 361. 1897.

Xanthocephalum lucidum Greene, Pittonia 2: 282. 1892.

Type locality: “In the region of the Mohave Desert, and south-
ward,”

Distribution: Dry gravelly hillsides in the Mohave Desert.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Between Mohave and Rosemond, Abrams
&F McGregor 500.

z. GUTIERREZIA DIVERGENS Greene, Pittonia 4: 58. 1899.

Type locality: “San Bernardino mesas.”’

Distribution: Dry mesas and foothills in the coastal region of
southern California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Nevin, 1879; Brandegee;
San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams 2720; Los Angeles, Gambel; Tia
Juana, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 5151;
El Toro, Abrams 1858; Santiago Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains,
Helen D. Geis 573; Alpine, San Diego County, Mearns 30997.

3. GUTIERREZIA BRACTEATA Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 34:
265. 1907.

Gutierrezia californica bracteata Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 36.
1907.
Gutierrezia laricina Greene, Rep. Nov. Spec. 7: 195. 9.
Type locality: “Desert slopes of San Bernardino County, be-
tween Banning and Seven Palms.”
Distribution: Dry sandy soil on the western border of the
Colorado Desert. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Between Banning and Seven Palms,

Orcutt, Nov. 1889.
4. ACAMTOPAPPUS.
1. ACAMTOPAPPUS SPHAEROCEPHALUS Harv. & Gray; A. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 76. 1849.
Type locality: “California.” First collected by Coulter.
Distribution: In the covillea belt of the Colorado and Mohave
Deserts, eastward to Arizona and southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.

( 467 )

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 24, 1882;
San Felipe, Antisell; Lancaster, Elmer 3621; eastern base of
San Jacinto Mountain, Hall 2108; Barstow Hills, Hall 6159;
Palmdale, Abrams &F McGregor 513; Willow Springs, Abrams
McGregor 423.

5. STENOTOPSIS.

Leaves thin, sina 4-§ cm. long; involucral bracts over 1 cm. long; achen

mm. lon 1. 8. hei ie
Leaves coriaceous, glutinous, less than 2 mm. long; involucral bracts less
than 1 cm. long; achenes 3.5 mm. long. 2. S. interior.

I. STENOTOPSIS LINEARIFOLIUS (DC.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey
Club 27: 617. 1g00.

Aplopappus linearifolius DC. Prod. 5: 347. 1836.
Stenotus linearifolius Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 238. 1842.

Type locality: “In California.”

Distribution: Foothills of the Coast Ranges from Sonoma
County, southward to northern Lower California, and also on the
western slope of the Sierra Nevada (Marysville Buttes, Heller
5558). Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cajon Pass, Orcutt, 1883; vicinity of
San Bernardino, Wright, 1881; Coahuilla Hills, Riverside County,
altitude 900 meters, Hall 2902; Potrero, Abrams 3549.

2. STENOTOPSIS INTERIOR (Coville) Rydb. Bull. Torrey
lub 27: 617. Ig00

Aplopappus interior Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. ii 7: 65. 1892.
Stenotus interior Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1
Stenotus lineartfolius interior Hall, Univ. Calif Pub. Bot. 3: 48.

1907.

Type locality: “About 4 miles southeast from Mill Canyon
Divide, at the northern edge of the Darwin Mesa, Inyo County,
California.”

Distribution: On the western borders of the Mohave and Colo-
rado Deserts, eastward to Arizona and southern Utah. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountains Springs, Vasey 260; Jacumba
Hot Spring, Abrams 3647; Mount Pinos, Elmer 3993; near Cuddy’s
ranch, Ventura County, Dudley 4506; Seymons Creek, Mount Pinos,

(468 )

Hall 6498; Soldiers’ Camp near Fort Tejon, Abrams & McGregor
270,
6. ERICAMERIA.
Leaves eal ras -punctate; style-appendages filiform-subulate.
not filifor
io or oblanceolate; low, spreading shrub; branches 1-2
ong. 1. E. cuneata spathulata.
oa flat, linear-lanceolate; erect shrub, 1- 3 m. hig

E£. oe
Leaves filiform.
ays wantin
Inflorescence cymose. 3. E. arborescens.
Inflorescence paniculate. 4. E. brachylepis.

Rays present.
Achenes pubescent.
Outer nel bracts obtuse. 5. E. Palmeri.
Outer involucral bracts acuminate.
E. pinifolia.
Achenes glabrous; outer involucral biter: acute.

7. ericoides.
Leaves minutely pubescent, often obscurely Hanada puncere style-appen-
dages oblong-ovate. 8. E. monactis

1. ERtcaMERIA CUNEATA SPATHULATA (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 3: 52. 1907.
Bigelovia spathulata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Bigelovia rupestris Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 183. 1881.
Chrysoma cuneata spathulata Greene, Erythea 38: 11. 1895.
Chrysoma Merriam Eastw. Bull. Torrey. Club 32: 214. 1905.
Type locality: ‘Near the entrance of the Tantillas Great Can-
yon, in Lower California, near the borders of the State.”
Distribution: On rocky ledges from the San Gabriel Moun-
tains southward into northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Cucamongo Nlountains, S. B. & WF. F.
Parish 1027; San Gabriel Canyon, Abrams Bee Hines Peak,
Topatopa Mountains, <dbrams McGregor 8&5. (Closely re-
sembling the typical form, but notin bloom, and therefore placed
here doubtfully.)

2. ERICAMERIA Parisuit (Greene) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3:
$5. 1907.

Bigelovia Parishit Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 62. 1882.

Chrysoma Parishii Greene, Erythea 3: 10. 1895.

( 469 )

Aster Parishit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 318. 1891.

Type locality: “San Bernardino Mountains, California.”

Distribution: Western slope of the San Gabriel Mountains,
southward to northern Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Bernardino Mountains, 450-750
meters altitude, S. B. & W.F. Parish 571; canyons of the San
Bernardino Mountains, Parish, Sept., 1900; San Gabriel Canyon,
altitude 750 meters, Abrams 850; Waterman Canyon, Parish
4584; Lytle Creek, altitude 650 meters, Abrams 1961; San Felipe,
Susan G. Stokes, July, 1895; Cuiamaca Mountains, altitude 1200
meters, Susan G. Stokes, June 20, 1895.

3. ERICAMERIA ARBORESCENS (A. Gray) Greene, Man. Bay
Reg. 175. 1894.
Linosyris arborescens A. Gray, Bot. Mex. oat 79. 1859.
Chrysoma arborescens Greene, Erythea 3: 10. 95.
Bigelovia arborescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. ae 8: 638. 1873.

Type locality: “California.”

Distribution: In the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada of cen-
tral California, extending southward to the Santa Ynez Moun-
tains. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: La Cumbre Peak, Santa Ynez Moun-
tains, Abrams 4317.

4. ERICAMERIA BRACHYLEPIS (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 3:

Bigelovia brachylepis A. Gray, Bot. Calif. - 614. 1876.
Chrysoma Gracin Greene, Erythea 3: 18

Type aa “Larken’s Station, 80 males east by north of
San Dieg

Die biaee Along the southern border of San Diego County,
and extending southward into adjacent Lower California. Lower
and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Larken’s Station, Palmer, 1875 (type);
Potrero, Cleveland, 1876.

5. Ertcameria Patmerr (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
3: 53. 1907.
Aplopappus Palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Chrysoma Palmeri Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

( 470 )

Aster Nevintt Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 316. 1891.

Type locality: ‘Tecate Mountains, Lower California, twenty
or thirty miles below the state boundary.”

Distribution: On dry sandy plains and foothills of the coastal
slope of southern California, extending southward into northern
Lower California. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Gorgonio Pass, Parry; mesas about
San Bernardino, S. B. & W. F. Parish 654; Parish 5127; Ingle-
wood, Abrams 4201.

6. ErRtcaMERIA PINIFoLIA (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 3: 54. 1907.
Aplopappus pinifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 636. 1873.
Chrysoma pinifolia Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.
Aster pityphyllus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 316. 1891.

Type locality: ““Near Los Angeles, in dry river-beds.”

Distribution: On the dry plains and foothills from the vicinity
of Los Angeles, southward to the southern boundary of the State.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Bolander, 1873 (type);
Nevin, 1879; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4202; Wright,
1880; Lytle Creek Canyon, Abrams 2744; vicinity of San Ber-
nardino, Parish 5130 (in part—the leafless branch is Lepidospartum
squamatum); Big Tejunga wash, Abrams 1372; Potrero, Susan G.
Stokes, July 14, 1895; Cajon Pass, Abrams S McGregor 696; near
Julian, Orcutt, Oct., 1889; Soledad Pass, Pringle, Oct. 21, 1882.

7. ERICAMERIA ERICOIDES (Less.) Jepson, Fl, W. Mid. Calif. 559.

Diplopappus ericoides Less. Linnaea 6: 117. 1831.
Aplopappus ericoides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 146. 1833.
Ericameria microphylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 329.
1840.
Chrysoma ericoides Greene, Erythea 8: 11. 1895.
Aster ericinus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 313. 1891.
Type locality: “Cel. de Chamisso in California,” probably at
San Francisco.
Distribution: Sand-dunes along the coast from central Cali-
fornia south to Los Angeles County. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Playa del Rey, Abrams roo.

(471)

8. Ericameria monactis (A. Gray) McClatchie, Erythea 2: 124.
1894

Aplopappus monactis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 1. 1883.
Acamptopappus microcephalus Jones, Contr. W. Bot. no. 8: 33.
18098.
Tumionella monactis oe Leaflets 1: 173. 1906.
Chrysothamnus corymbosus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 39: 50. 1905.
ee locality: esate of the Mohave Desert, S. E. Cali-
forn
Distribution: Mohave Desert from Owens Valley south to
Cajon Pass. This species has also been reported as occurring on
the coastal slope in the vicinity of West Riverside. ie Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Mohave oS Palmer 199 (type); head
of Cajon Pass, S. B. & W. F. Parish oo5; si slopes of San
Bernardino Mountains, S. B. & V. F Parish 1246; Mohave
Desert, Pringle, May, 1882; Lancaster, Elmer 3668; near Sprague’s
Ranch, Liebre Mountains, Dudley 4370; near Barstow, Hall 6169;
Willow Springs, Antelope Valley, Abrams &9 McGregor 4ro.

7. CHRYSOTHAMNUS.

Leaves resinous-punctate, terete.
uter involucral-bract with a distinct greenish a spot
C. bien lees:
Outer involucral bracts pale, without greenish spot. 2. C. paniculatus.
Leaves not resinous-punctate, plane or canaliculate.
Br es not tomentose; leaves glabrous except on the margins.
Stems glutinous; leaves not ciliate, often sparse.
3. C. mohavensis.
Stems not glutinous, leafy; leaves short-ciliate on the margins.
4. Cy stenophyllus.
— more or less tomentose.
s 5-flowered.
gee abruptly contracted to a spreading setiform ti
5. C. ceruminosus.

Bracts acute or acuminate. 6. C. occidentalis.
Heads 9-flowered; a few of the outer bracts foliaceous.
7. C. Parryi.

I. CHRYSOTHAMNUS TERETIFOLIUS (Dur. & Hilg.) Hall, Univ.
alif. Pub. Bot. 3: 57. 1907.

Linosyris teretifolia Dur. & Hilg. Pacif.R. Rep. 5: 9, pl. 7. 1855.

Bigelovia teretifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 644. 1873.

(472 )

Chrysoma teretifolia Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

Type locality: “All over the mountains around Tejon Valley.”

Distribution: On the desert slopes of the mountains of southern
California from Tejon Pass southward to the Cuiamaca Mountains
(according to Gray), and eastward to southern Nevada. Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mountains around Tejon Valley, Heerman
(type); Morongo Pass, Parry; San Gorgonio Pass, S. B. t W. F.
Parish 655; hills bordering the Mohave Desert, Pringle, Oct. 21,
1882.

2. CHRYSOTHAMNUS PANICULATUS (A. Gray) Hall, Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 3: 58. 1907.
Linosyris viscidiflora paniculata A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 80.

1859
Bigelovia paniculata A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 644. 1873.
Chrysoma paniculata Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.

Type locality: “California, Schott, probably in the south-
eastern part of the State: the station not recorded.”

Distribution: On the Mohave and the Colorado Deserts of
southern California, and extending into Arizona and southern
Nevada. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: California, locality not given, Schott
(type); desert mountains, station not given, S. B.& FF. Parish
O51; desert washes, Parry, 1875; Whitewater, S. B.& I’. F. Par-
ish 655; Larken’s Station (Jacumba Hot Spring), Palmer, 1875.

3. CHRYSOTHAMNUS MOHAVENSIS Greene, Erythea 3: 113. 1895.

Bigelovia mohavensis Greene, A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 2: 138.
188

4.
Aster mohavensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 318. 1891.

Type locality: “On the Mohave Desert.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, from the Tehachapi Mountains
southward to the desert slopes of the San Bernardino Mountains.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tehachapi Pass, Eastwood, Sept. 1894;
Mohave Desert, Pringle, Oct., 1882; Fort Tejon, Rothrock 271;
San Bernardino Mountains, S. B. & WV. F. Parish 1072; Cushen-
berry Springs, north slope of San Bernardino Mountains, Abrams
2145; Rock Creek, Abrams &F AlcGregor 625.

(473)

4. CHRYSOTHAMNUS STENOPHYLLUs (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 3:
» 1895.

Bigelovia Douglasii stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 646.

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus stenophyllus Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.

Bot. 3: 59. 1907.

Type locality: “Northwestern Nevada.”

Distribution: Western Nevada and the eastern slope of the
Sierra Nevada, southward to the San Bernardino Mountains.
In the more arid parts of the Transition Zone.

Specimens examined: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains,

S. B.& W. F, Parish 1454; Abrams 2133, 2889.

5. CHRYSOTHAMNUS CERUMINOSUS (Dur. & Hilg.) Greene,
Erythea 3: 94. 1895.
Linosyris ceruminosa Dur. & Hilg. Pacif. R. Rep. 5, pt. 3: 9,
pl. 6. 1855.
Bigelovia ceruminosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 643. 1873.
Type locality: ‘Tejon Pass.”
Distribution: This species was collected by Dr. Heerman, of
the Pacific Railway Survey, in the region of Tejon Pass, but has
never been rediscovered.

6. CHRYSOTHAMNUS OCCIDENTALIS Greene, Fl. Fran. 369. 1897.

Chrysothamnus californicus occidentalis Greene, Erythea 3: 112.

Chrysothamnus nauseosus occidentalis Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub.

Bot. 3: 60. 1907.

Type locality: “In the Coast Ranges from Humboldt County
southward.” Later (Fl. Fran.) Greene gives the range as “Kern
and Santa Barbara counties.”

Distribution: Mountains of Santa Barbara County and south-
ern Kern County, southward to the San Jacinto Mountains.
Transition.

Specimens examined: Green Valley, Shaw & Illingsworth 55.

7, CurysoTtHamnus Parryr (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 3: 113.
1895.

Linosyris Parryi A. Gray, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1863: 63. 1863.
Bigelovia Parryi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 642. 1873.

(474 )

Type locality: “Rocky Mountains of Colorado in the region of
South and Middle Park,” according to Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 8:

2).

Distribution: A Rocky Mountain species of rather high altitudes
which occurs on Alamo Mountain, altitude 2100 meters, eastern
Ventura County, according to Hall (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3:
62. 1907)

8. HAZARDIA.

1. Hazarpia squarrosa (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Erythea 2: 112
1894.
Aplopappus squarrosus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 146. 1833.
Type locality: Probably Monterey. “Collected at San Fran-
cisco, and a few at Monterey Bay” is the general locality given
at the head of the list of plants in which this species appears.
Distribution: Monterey, southward to San Diego, and on the
islands off the coast of southern California. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Mountain Drive, near Santa Barbara,
Eastwood 201; Abrams 4147; Los Angeles, Hasse, Oct., 1887;
Elysian Park, Abrams 4180; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3732;
San Diego, Brandegee, Sept. 13, 1902 (Baker 3426); San Ysabel,
Hayes 305.

9. BACCHARIS.
Achenes 10-nerved; leaves not willow-like
Pappus of fertile flowers pe pau elongating in fruit, flaccid.
aves except some of the uppermost not linear.
aves obovate, ne pappus, in fruit, about 8 mm. long.
B. pilularis.
Leaves of branches oblanceolate or oblong, those of the branch-
lets linear; heads somewhat nakedly oe

B. Emoryi.
Leaves all linear, rigid, those of the strongly ered ee
sparse and minute; involucre of male flowers
B. aes ues:
Pappus of fertile flowers rather rigid and scanty, not clonpaeed in age;

anches broom-like 4. B. sergiloides.
Achenes 5-nerved 0 ely 4-nerved
eaves willow- like, eee sad sometimes glutinous.
Involucre 5-6 mm. long; bracts stramineous. 5. B. glutinosa.
faysuee 8 mm. ee bracts tawny. . B. viminea.

Leaves pubescent, linear-oblong, obtuse, acutely serrate

. Plummerae.

(475)

1. BaccHaris pitutaris DC. Prod. 5: 407. 1836.

Baccharis consanguinea DC. Prod. 5: 408. 1836.
Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Douglas.
Distribution: Coastal region of Oregon, southward to Santa
Monica, southern California. In southern California this species
is local at Santa Monica, but is more frequent in the coastal region
of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Catalina Island, Blanche Trask,
Sept., 1897; Santa Barbara, Abrams, Aug., 1909.

2. Baccuaris Emory A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 83. 1859.

Type locality: “Very common on the Gila; Emory, coll. in 1846,
etc. Fort Yuma, E. California; Major Thomas.” Emory’s
specimen in the Gray Herbarium is a mere fragment, and the
original description, at least of the pistillate plant was undoubt-
edly drawn from Thomas’ plant.

Distribution: Western Arizona and southern Utah, westward to
the coastal region of southern California. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Near Los Angeles, Nevin, 1880; San
Bernardino Valley, S. B. & W.F. Parish 613; Parish 5163, and
Nov., 1902; San Luis Rey, Parry, 1850; Potrero, Cleveland, 1876;
Fallbrook, Orcutt, Nov., 1883; near Imperial, G. D. Abrams, Jan.,
1902; near Santa Ana, Helen D. Geis 548.

3. BACCHARIS SAROTHROIDES A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 211.
1882

Type locality: “Southern borders of California, San Diego
Co., near the old Mission Station, the boundary monuments, etc.”

Distribution: In the extreme southern part of the State and
adjacent Lower California, eastward to Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Boundary monument, near San Diego,
Palmer 265; Mission Valley, Orcutt, Oct., 1883; near San Diego
Hayes, Oct. 14,1858; San Felipe Canyon, Palmer, 1875; Chula,
Vista, Abrams 4192; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3670.

4. Baccuaris serciLoipes A. Gray, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 83.
1859.
Type locality: “Along the Gila or Colorado, dry arroyos, 50

(476 )
miles west of the Colorado,”
fornia.”

Distribution: From the western part of the Colorado and the
Mohave Deserts, eastward to southern Utah. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Palm Springs, S. B. @ W. F. Parish 206.

also in the “southern part of Cali-

5. BaccHaris GLUTINOSA Pers. Syn. 2: 425. 1807.

Type locality: “An R[{egni] Chilensis ruderatis.”

Distribution: Along watercourses in the Colorado Desert, ex-
tending eastward to Arizona and southern Colorado, and south-
ward into Mexico and Chili. This species has been reported from
the coastal region near Los Angeles, but perhaps erroneously.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Imperial Valley, near Calexico, Abrams
4004, 4093.

6. BaccHaris viminEA DC. Prod. 5: 400. 1836.

Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Douglas.

Distribution: Common along watercourses and in moist places
in southern California on the coastal slope; extending from the
Sacramento Valley southward to northern Lower California.
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Los Angeles, Brewer 171; Grant 07; San
Bernardino Valley, S. B.t&& IV F. Parish 702; Sweetwater Valley,
Deane, April 8, 1888; San Diego River, Abrams 3380; Acton,
Elmer 3701; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish sorg; Big Te-
junga wash, San Fernando Valley, Abrams 1303; Tia Juana River,
Herre, Aug. 8, 1902; Monrovia, Dudley, Nov. 25, 1907; Los
Angeles, Grant 97; Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mountains, ./brams
tf AMfcGregor 557.

7. Baccuaris Prummerae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 48.
1880.

Type locality: “Along a stream in Glen Loch ravine, in the
mountains near Sta. Barbara, California.”

Distribution: Santa Ynez Mountains northward to Santa
Monica. Originally described as herbaceous, but distinctly
woody, forming rounded bushes, about 1 meter high. Upper
Sonoran.

(477)

Specimens examined: La Cumbre trail, Santa Ynez Mountains,
Abrams 4307.

to. PLUCHEA.

1. PLUCHEA sERIcEA (Nutt.) Coville, Cont. Nat. Herb. 4: 128.
1893.
Polypappus sericeus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. II. 1: 178. 1847.
Tessaria boreais DC.; Torr. & Gray in Emory, Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 143. 1848, without description.
Tessaria borealis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 102. 1852.
Pluchea borealis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 1882.
Type locality: “Rocky Mountains of Upper California.”
Distribution: Along watercourses, extending from Santa Bar-
bara County southward into Lower California, and eastward
through the Mohave and Colorado Deserts to the Rio Grande.
This species, which is commonly called “arrow-weed,” is very
common along ditches in the Imperial Valley. Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: Santa Clara Valley, Ventura County,
Rothrock 184; San Diego, Palmer, 1875; Mohave Desert, Bran-
degee; Calexico, Abrams 4006; Tia Juana River, Abrams 3515;
San Miguel Mountain, Chandler 5195.

11. BEBBIA.

Herbage green and glabrous. 1. B. juncea.
Herbage scabrous. 1a. B.juncea aspera.

1. Beppia junceA (Benth.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 180.
1885.

Carphephorus junceus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 21. 1844.

Type locality: “Bay of Magdalena,” Lower California.

Distribution: Western base of the San Bernardino Mountains,
southward in the coastal region to northern Lower California.
Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: City Creek wash, near Highlands, dbrams
2803; Santiago Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D.
Geis, Dec., 1902; between Grantville and Santee, Abrams 3755;
Canyon of the San Jacinto River, Hall 2016; Santa Ana Canyon,
San Bernardino Mountains, Shaw &% Ilingsworth, Aug. 10, 1901.

(478)

Ia. BEBBIA JUNCEA ASPERA Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 180.

Bebbia aspera Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 37: 273. 1904.

Type locality: HSoutheastern borders of California and ad-
jacent Arizona.

Distribution: Common in sandy washes in the Colorado Desert,
extending northward through the Mohave Desert, and eastward
to southern Nevada and Arizona. Specimens have also been
found on the coastal slope in southern California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: “San Diego,” Brandegee; Signal \loun-
tain, Abrams 3161.

12, VIGUIERA.

Leaves lanceolate; achenes sparsely pubescent. 1. V. laciniata.
Leaves ovate; achenes densely villous. 2. F. Parishit.

1. VicuiERa LaciniaTa A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89. 1859.

Type locality: “Rancho Gamacho, east of San Diego, Cali-
fronia.”

Distribution: A common shrub on the mesas and foothills in
the southwestern part of San Diego County, extending into ad-
jacent Lower California. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Rancho Gamacho, east of San Diego,
Schott, Sept., 1855 (type); near San Diego, Newberry; Sweetwater,
Cleveland, April, 1876; Cottonwood Grade, near Potrero, Abrams
3901; San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, June 20, 1895; Mission Hills,
San Diego, Abrams 3450.

z. VicuiEra ParisHi Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 15. 1882.

Viguiera deltoidea Parishit Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 1: 72. 1890.

Type locality: “San Luis Rey.”

Distribution: Western San Diego County, where it is rare,
eastward to the Providence Mountains. Upper and Lower
Sonoran.

Specimens examined: San Luis Rey, S. B. & IP. F. Parish 963
(type); Palm Springs, Parish 4126.

13. ENCELIA.
Peduncles pubescent.
ays present.
Involucre densely villous; disk purple. 1. £. californica.

(479)

Involucre canescent; disk yellow. E. actoni.
Rays none; herbage scabrous. E, frutescens.
Peduncles glabrous; leaves silvery tomentose. E. farinosa,

aaa,

1. ENCELIA caLirornica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 357.
1841.

oie locality: “On dry hills, near St. Barbara, Upper Cali-
forni

i hota: Common on hillsides from Santa Barbara south-
ward on the coast slope to northern Lower California. Confined
mainly to the Upper Sonoran but extending into the Lower Son-
oran toward its southern limits,

Specimens examined: Santa Barbara, Bolander, 1873; hills
near Inglewood, Abrams 3107; Santa Monica Canyon, Abrams
1486; San Diego, Susan G. Stokes, June 12, 1895; Santiago
Canyon, Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis 540; Santa Bar-
bara, Elmer 3809; hillsides at Tia Juana, Abrams 3470.

z. Encetia actoni Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 39: 47. 1905.

Encelia frutescens {. actoni Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 135.

1907.

Type locality: “Acton, Los Angeles county, California.”

Distribution: Western slopes of the Mohave and Colorado
Deserts, extending into the coastal region in the vicinity of San
Jacinto. Lower Sonoran

Soccuiens examined: “heise, Elmer 3724 (type); Hesperia,
Parish 4873; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes, July 28, 1895; Ven-
tura, Brandegee; Jacumba Hot Spring, Abrams 3667; San
Jacinto, Hall 2907; Liebre Mountains, Abrams McGregor 402;
between Tehachapi and Mohave, Abrams @ McGregor 500; Rock
Creek, Abrams & McGregor 548.

3. Enceia rrutescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 657. 1873.

Simsia frutescens A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89. 1859.
Encelia frutescens {. ovata Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 135.

1907.

Type locality: ‘Sierra Prieta, near Fort Yuma, E. California.”

Distribution: Dry hillsides and washes of the Colorado and
Mohave Deserts, eastward to Arizona and southern Nevada.
Lower Sonoran.

( 480 )

Specimens examined: Signal Mountain, Abrams 3156, and Dec.
29, 1907; McCoy wash, Colorado Desert, Hall 5930.

4. Ewcenta Farinosa A. Gray; Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil.
Reconnois. 143. 1848.

Type locality: According to Emory’s notes (page 103) this
species was collected in southern California in the vicinity of
Carriso Creek.

Distribution: San Bernardino Valley, southward to northern
Lower California and eastward to Arizona. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish 4782;
Signal Mountain, Abrams 3159; near Mentone, Abrams @ Me-
Gregor 823.

14. PICROTHAMNUS.

1. PrcRorHaMNUS DESETORUM Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7:

Artemisia spinescens Eaton, Bot. King. ee ee pl. ro. 1871.
Type locality: “North sources of the Platt
Distribution: Mohave Desert of southern California extending
northward throughout the Great Basin region. Upper Sonoran.
Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens within
our range

1s. ARTEMISIA. Sace-prusu.

Heads heterogamous; marginal flowers pistillate, the central perfect; leaf-
segments filiform. 1. a. californica.
Heads homogamous; the flowers all perfect; leaf-segments not filiform.
Achenes glabrous.
Involucre oblong, 3-8, or rarely 9-flowered.
Accessory bracts of the involucre short and ovate.
2. A. tridentata.
Accessory bracts of the involucre oblong or lanceolate.

3. . tripartita.
Involucre short-campanulate, 9—12-flowered; bracts all ovate or
oval, glabrate. 4. A. Rothrockii.
Achenes pubescent. 5. ad. Parishii.

1. ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA Less. Linnaea 6: 523. 1831.

Artemisia abrotanoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 399.
1841.

(481 )

Artemisia foliosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 397. 1841.

Type locality: “De Chamisso in California.”

Distribution: San Francisco Bay, southward through the Coast
Ranges to Lower California. Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Sierra Santa Monica, Brewer 53; sandy
plains near Colton, Pringle, Oct. 22, 1882; San Luis Rey, Parry;
Santa Barbara, Elmer 3964; near Oneonta, Herre, Aug. 8, 1902.

2. ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 398.
1841.

Type locality: “Hab. Plains of the Oregon, and Lewis River.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington, eastward throughout the
arid regions of the Rocky Mountains, and southward to Lower
California. In southern California it is common on the desert
slopes of the mountains in, and just below, the yellow pine belt.
Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Holcomb Valley, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Shaw & Illingsworth arr.

3. ARTEMISIA TRIPARTITA Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 432.
1900.

Artemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Ul. 7: 398. 1841.
Not Turcz. ;
Type locality: “ Placers of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.”
Distribution: Mohave Desert, extending eastward and north-
ward through the Great Basin region. Upper and Lower Sonoran.
Specimens examined: I have not seen any specimens from
southern California.

4. Artemisia Roturocxu A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 618. 1876.

Type locality: “Sierras of Tulare Co., Olanche Mountains
and Monachay Meadows, at 8,000 to 9,300 feet.”

Distribution: Southern Sierra Nevada, south to the San Ber-
nardino Mountains, and east to southern Utah. Arid Transition
and Upper Sonoran.

Specimens examined: [I have not seen any specimens from
southern California.

( 482 )

5. Artemisia Parisau A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 220. 1882.

Type locality: “Newhall, Los Angeles Co., and in Cajon Pass,
California.”” According to Parish (Zoe 5: 120), “the second sta-
tion ‘Cajon Pass’ given in the original description is an error. The
plant has been found, as yet, only at Newhall.”

Distribution: A common plant in the vicinity of Newhall and
in Antelope Valley often forming large shrubs 2 meters high or
more. Much of this material has been mistaken heretofore for
Artemisia tridenta angustifolia A. Gray, with which it is closely
related if not identical.

Specimens examined: Newhall, S. B. @ W F. Parish 1065;
Helen D. Geis; near Lancaster, Wells, Dec., 1909; near Burbank,
Braunton 007.

16. LEPIDOSPARTUM.

1. LeprposparTtuM squamMatTum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 50.
1883.

Linosyris squamata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290. 1870.

Linosyris squamata Breweri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290.
1870.

Linosyris squamata Palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 290.
1870.

Tetradymia squamata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 207. 1874.

Type locality: “Low hills of the Sierra Santa Monica, Los
Angeles Co., Californica.’ When Dr. Gray first published his
diagnosis of this species he had only two specimens in his her-
barium. One of these, collected by Brewer on “low hills of the
Sierra Santa Monica, Los Angeles Co., California,” was placed in
the variety Brewer1,; the other, collected on the “desert of the Colo-
rado, Arizona, 1870 [by] Dr. E. Palmer,” became his second
variety, Palmeri. This treatment, fortunately seldom practiced
by Dr. Gray, left no specimens to represent the typical species.
We are therefore obliged to consider the Brewer plant as the type
of the species, reducing the varietal name to synonymy. The
desert form, Palmeri, does not seem distinct.

Distribution: Southern Monterey County, southward to Lower
California, and eastward to Arizona. Dry sandy washes in the
Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Fort Tejon, Heerman; Rothrock 276;

( 483 )

Sierra Santa Monica, Brewer 71 (type); San Gabriel Canyon,
Abrams 885; San Antonio Canyon, Baker 3466; Santiago Canyon,
Santa Ana Mountains, Helen D. Geis 576; vicinity of San Bernar-
dino, Parish 4202, 5130; foothills of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains, S. B. & W.F. Parish 583; Riverside, Hall 1367; Mohave
Desert, Brandegee; wash near Monrovia, Dudley, Nov. 13, 1907.

17. PEUCEPHYLLUM.

1. PeucepHyttum Scuotru A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 74.
1859.

Psathyrotes Schottit A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 206. 1874.

Inyonia dysodioides M. E. Jones, Cont. W. Bot. no. 8: 42. 1898.
Type locality: “Diluvial banks of the Colorado, in Sonora.”
Distribution: Inyo County, southward through the desert

region to Lower California and Sonora. Lower Sonoran,
Specimens examined: Los Palmas, Hall 5840.

18, TETRADYMIA.
Heads 4-flowered; plants not spinescent.
ves permanently canescent. ¥. T. canescens.
Leaves glabrate. 2. T. glabrata

Stems clothed ‘with slender ee leaves not spinescent-tipped.
Achenes canescent but glabrate. 3: 7: stenolepis.
Achenes with long, soft w be 4. T. spinosa.
Stems without spines; leaves Ee teteattosee: achenes with long, soft
wool. 5. T. comosa.

1. TeTRapymia canescens DC. Prod. 5: 440. 1837.

Type locality: “In Americae borealis ora occidentali ad Colum-
bia River.”

Distribution: Eastern Washington and Idaho, southward to
the mountains of southern California. Arid Transition.

Specimens examined: Mount San Antonio, S. B. W. F. Parish
561; Bear Valley, Abrams 2913, 2135; Mount San Antonio, Abrams
2693; Water Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, dbrams McGregor
469.
2. TeTRaDyMIA GLABRATA A, Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. 2: 122, pl. 5.

1854.
Type locality: “On the Sierra Nevada.”

( 484 )

Distribution: Mohave Desert, northward through the arid
regions to eastern Oregon. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 24, 1882;
Rabbit Springs, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1259; Lancaster, Elmer
3676; Dudley 4313.

3. TETRADYMIA STENOLEPIS Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 92.

Type locality: “Mountains of Kern Co., California.” Accord-
ing to Hall (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 227) “the type specimens
were gathered a short distance southwest of the Southern Pacific
railroad between Cameron and Mohave stations.”

Distribution: Mohave Desert, from Antelope Valley eastward
to Inyo County. Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Cushenberry Springs, Abrams 2140;
Antelope Valley, Oliver; hills near Kernville, Purpus 5651; ‘Teha-
chapi, Mrs. Curran, 1884; Mohave Desert, Davidson, Aug. 1,
1901; between Tehachapi and Mohave, Abrams & McGregor 406.

4. TETRADYMIA sPINosA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 360. 1840.

Type locality: “Snake Country.” First collected by Tolmie.

Distribution: Eastern Oregon and Idaho, southward through
the Great Basin to the Mohave Desert. lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Mohave Desert, Pringle, May 14, 1882;
Lancaster, Elmer 3670.

5. TeTrapymia comosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 60. 1876.

Type locality: “W. Nevada, Lemmon, S. E. borders of Cali-
fornia, E. Palmer, Potrero, San Diego Co. D. Cleveland.”

Dicer burione Southern Nevada, to the southern boundary of
California. In southern Giga this species is most frequent
on the dry interior hills and plains of the coastal slope, but it
also occurs, according to Parish, on the Mohave Desert in the
vicinity of Lancaster and Hesperia.

Specimens examined: Potrero, Cleveland, 1876; Susan G. Stokes,
July 14, 1895; vicinity of San Bernardino, Parish, July, 1899;
Cucamonga, Abrams 2942; Etiwanda, Abrams ror2; near San
Jacinto, fasse, July 4, 1892; Campo, Palmer 5.

(485 )

19. SENECIO. Grounnset.
1. S—NeEcto Douctasi DC. Prod. 6: 429. 1837.

Senecio regiomontanus DC. Prod. 6: 429. 1837.

Senecio longilobus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.

Senecio filifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1847.
Senecio Riddellit Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 444. 1840
Senecio Blochmanae Greene, Erythea 1: 7. 1893.

Type locality: “In California.” First collected by Douglas.

Distribution: Lake County, southward to Lower California, and
eastward to western Texas and Nebraska; common in dry sandy
washes. Upper and Lower Sonoran.

Specimens examined: Tia Juana, Abrams 3511; Lytle Creek
Canyon, Abrams 2690; Little Santa Anita Canyon, San Gabriel
Mountains, dbrams 2646; near Orange, Agnes M. Bowman, June,
1899; San Felipe, Susan G. Stokes, July 24, 1895; near San Ber-
nardino, Parish 5103; Acton, Elmer 3735; Sespe Creek, near
Ten Sycamore Flat, 4brams &F McGregor 170; Cajon Pass, Abrams
&3 McGregor 697.

VOL. G6. No. 22.

BULLETIN

OF

THE NEW YORK

BOTANICAL GARDEN

[ISSUBD NOVEMBER 380, 1910]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BoTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS:

New Species from Bolivia, Collected by R. S. Wil-
liams —I, by Henry H.Russy. [Jssued sep-
arately, tn advance, Nov. 23, 1910. |. . :

GENERAL INDEX
Generic INDEX

BULLETIN
The New York Botanical Garden

Vol. 6. No. 22.

New Species from Bolivia, Collected by R. S. Williams—I
By Henry H. Russy, M.D.

Introductory Note

Some years ago the Bolivian Company, of which Sir Martin
Conway was manager, sent an exploring party to eastern Bolivia
to examine certain mineral and rubber-bearing lands in the prov-
ince of Caupolican. In the party, which was in charge of Dr.
John W. Evans, geologist, were Dr. Evans, Mr. John Turle,
mining engineer, Mr. G. N. Whatney, civil engineer, all from Eng-
land, and Mr. R. S. Williams, botanist, from the New York
Botanical Garden. La Paz was reached Aug. 14,1901, by railway
from Mollendo to Lake Titicaca, thence by steamer across the
lake to Chililaya, from which town a stage carried the party 45
miles to the city. After remaining in La Paz for some days, pre-
paring for the trip, the Andes were crossed via the Sorata-Mapiri
trail, over passes up to some 15,500 feet altitude, and down the
eastern slope to Puerto Mapiri on the Mapiri river, with an altitude
of some 1600 feet. Here everything was transferred from mules
to rafts of corkwood, and the party floated down the Mapiri and
Beni rivers to San Buena Ventura, the lowest point reached on
the trip, at an altitude of some 600 feet only. Leaving the river
at this place travel was resumed afoot and by mules, northwest-
ward, mostly through forests, to the town of Tumupasa, at an
altitude of about 1400 ft., where considerable collecting was done,
and to Ixiamas, the most northern point of the trip. Thence the
journey was southwestward to San José and Apolo, the latter
town at an altitude of about 5000 it., in which region the most
extensive botanical collections were made. From Apolo one
excursion was made to San Raphael on the Rio Lanza, that occupied

( 487 )

( 488 )

nearly a month’s time, shortly after which the whole party started
back for La Paz by way of the Pelechuco Pass and Puno on Lake
Titicaca. The town of Pelichuco, situated at an altitude of 11,500
ft. seemed to be in one of the finest regions for botanical collecting
noted on the entire trip, but owing to lack of time and necessary
outfit but comparatively few specimens were obtained. La Paz
was reached the second time near the end of May, 1902, when the
party broke up. Dr. Evans returned to London by way of the
Amazon, Mr. Whatney crossed Peru to the coast and up to Panama
by the route we had entered, while Mr. Turle and the writer re-
turned to Apolo at the request of the company, where we remained
until September. On this second trip to the interior we went from
La Paz to Sorata as before, but after leaving that place kept some-
what to the left of our first route and quite near to the Sorata
river, passing through the towns of Tacacoma and Consata and
striking the Mapiri-Apolo trail some fifteen miles from Mapiri, at
Achiquiri. Reaching Apolo the second time, June 20, we remained
until about the middle of September, exploring the adjacent region,
especially that about Aten to the southwest and Santa Cruz to
the northward. September 13 we again started for La Paz by
way of the Sorata~-Mapiri trail, over roads already essentially
traversed. The altitudes given are largely estimates to be con-
sidered as only approximately correct
R. S. Witirams.
List of Species
BroMELIACEAE
Pitcairnia robusta sp. nov.
Thinly ai stem ae stout, leafy; leaves reaching 7 dm

wae 15-18 mm. broa — the bas se, ae ng thence ieee

clasping bases; bracts of the eee very broadly ovate, acuminate,
strongly many-nerved, the margin finely ene rachis

long, very stout, purple, bearing about 10 branches on each side,
these abou 5-8 cm. long, stout and about 8~12-flowered; bracts
of the flowers 12-15 mm. bee broadly ovate, acute, thick and
rigid, keeled and coarsely nerved; sepals 2 cm. long, very thick
and rigid, keeled and strongly nerved, acuminate; withered remains
of the corolla exceeding the calyx b 6 mm. capsule 1

8 mm. broad, splitting at length into 6 ae recs lanceolate,

( 489 )

curved, Ma ie at both ends, 5—7-nerved, winged at the ends and
upon o , and narrowly upon part of the other side.

“Apolo, ee ft., March, 1902” (No. 2655).

This species appears alnoce intermediate between Pitcairnia
and Puya. Its capsules unquestionably split septicidally at
first, but there is later a loculicidal separation, and many of its
seeds are almost completely winged.

Tillandsia Williamsii (Sect. Strepsia) sp. no
Densely Seay stems densely fascicled, 5-7 cm. long,

spreading; sheaths mm. long, completely clasping, aad
ribbed, abruptly ek into the blades, whic
long, 3 mm. wide, slightly wider at about the middle, they folded.
long-acuminate; pedicels solitary, 8-12 mm. long, slender, straight,
nearly glabrous, nerved; flowers not seen; bract sheathing the
calyx, broadly ovate, strongly ee sepals ieee ae base
of the fruit, unequal, the longest 5-6 . long, broadly ovate,
obtuse, nerved; capsule 15-18 mm. ae “slightly broader above,
the valves of exocarp yellow, separating from those o the

purple endocarp, and exceeding them, short-rostrate; seeds oblong,
eee very sma

“On rock, Yura, 8400 ft., Aug. 11, 1901” (No. 2539).
Tillandsia apoloensis sp. nov.
Gray-tomentose, the inflorescence sub-glabrous; leaves radical

lo m. broad at the base, thence tapering gradually
and regularly to a long-attenuate, lightly involut i e
margins incurved; bracts long-sheathing, strongly ribbed, decreas-

ing gradually upward; scape about 3 dm. long, terminating in 8
in my specimen) sessile, loosely capitate spikes about 3 or 4 cm.
long and 5-6 mm. broad, the flowers distichous, closely imbricated;
bracts 6-10 mm. long, strongly 7-11 costate, mostly obtuse,
thick and rigid; sepals 1o-12 mm. long, very closely enrolling the
flower; corolla 8 mm. long, the tube very short, the petals ovate,

. broad, finely flabellately many-nerved; scales wanting;
filaments very short and slender; anthers oblong, 2 mm. long;
stigmas reaching to about the middle of the anthers; ovary about
as long as the anthers or a little longer, at style half as long as
the eines thick, sharply angled; fruit

“Apolo, 4800 ft., Sept. 11, 1902” (vo. pen
Catopsis gracilis sp. nov.

Basal sheaths white-tomentose, decreasingly pilose above;
leaves densely rosulate at the base, 4-8 cm. long, 8 . broad a
little above the middle, narrowed phere above gradually
attenuate, finely many nerved; bracts of the stem linear-attenuate;

( 490 )

stem about 3 dm. high, erect or ascending, slender, paniculate
above, the en very slender, ascending, rather densely
flowered; floral bracts about two-thirds the length of the strongly
recurved pedicel, ovate, acute; sepals 2 mm. long, ovate, acuminate,
rigid; petals (yellow 2) 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate, nerv rved; longest
ong, its str ee curved anther half its length;
pistil equaling the filaments, the style half as long as the ovoid,
winged ovary, stout, linear, entire; our 3 mm.
“Guanai, 1500 ft., Sept. 27, 1901” (No. 738).
CoMMELINACEAE
Floscopa perforans sp. nov.

Stems rooting and rhizomatous at the base, ovis 5-10 cm.
ae ee a single panicle at the very base and one or more at
t mmit, stoutish, clothed below with several sheaths, or very
meri blades, and bearing at the summit about 4-6 perfect leaves;
petioles nee and broad, ciliate, the base sheathing; blad

or

slightly harsh, very finely and inconspicuously nerved; basa
panicle long-peduncied, the peduncle being really a branch clothed

long and broad, rather dense; terminal panicle similar but about
twice as large, sessile; bracts ovate, thin, about as long as the pedi-

cels, deciduous; calyx 3-3.5 m m. long, usually exceeding the pedi-
cel, the sepals thick, broa ‘oval, obtuse, almost completely
enclosing, but slightly shorter than the pod; pod strongly com-

long as the pod, very slender, recurved; seeds 2, irregularly tri-
gos gray, very strongly r ibbed.
Trail between I[xiamas and Tumupasa, 1500 ft., Dec. 29, 1901”
(No. 285).
The same collected by Spruce (No. 3902) and Traill (No. rr47).
Commelina Bangii sp. nov.
Younger portions, leaves, etc., minutely puberulent; stems
—8 cm. long, very slender, prostra ate and creeping, the terminal
half erect, the internodes mostly 8-10 mm. long; basal portions
ciothed at the nodes with truncate, membranaceous, nerve
ricer sheaths similar to those of the leaves; blades 12-25 mm.
, 5-8 mm. broad, ovate, finely nerved, the midrib prominent
anes spathe ets on a slender peduncle longer than
itself, 12 mm. long, and nearly as broad, ened cordate, the basal
leaves nearly semicircular, acute, I1-13-r ; pe uncle stoutish,
half an length of the bract; pedicels very ne stout; larger sepal
half the length of the corolla, which is deep blue and 5 mm. lon
Dissection material wanting.

(492 )

“Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Dec. 10, 1901” (No. 338). This is the same
as Bang No. 463, which has been regarded as a small form of
C. gracilis R. & P.; but this second collection, from a different
locality, with the same characters lead me to believe it distinct.
At Kew, the plant is classed as C. nodiflora L. forma agrestis,
but I cannot believe it to be of that species.

LILIACEAE
Asagraea longiflora sp. nov.
Glabrous; roots coarse, flexuous; leaves radical, many of them
falcately ascending, 5-15 c m. long, re reac - mm. broad, linear-

cending, 30-45 cm. long, very slender, purplish above; spikes in
flower about 5 cm. long, a half longer in fruit, loosely flowered, the
rachis sulcate; bracts at the base of pedicel 3 mm. long, exceedin ng
the pedicel, broadly ovate, clasping, long-acuminate and v

ose at se of the flow imi

long, the oblong anthers one-fourth of the length, the filaments
dilated below; ovary oblong, angled, twice the length of the styles
and stigmas, the last-named reaching to about the middle of the
eee capsule nearly equaling the purplish perianth, exceeding
istent stamens, broadly ae 6-angled above, tipped by
i: cae lightly spreading st
“Near Apolo, 5800 ft., July 24, aa > (No. 1471).
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Hippeastrum viridiflorum sp. nov.

Bulb, leaves and fruit not seen, otherwise glabrous, about 6 dm.
se scape stout; bracts of spathe 2, distinct, 5-6 cm. long, spiel)

road, acuminate, purple at the base; ae 3, about 7 ¢
i erect, the flowers slightly declined; ovary obovoid, fe
1 cm. long, 4 m road; flowers abou cm ae 10 cm. broa

perigone divided about two-fiiths of the way to the base, the lobes
oblanceolate, mucronate, about 3 cm. broad; filaments inserted
at about the middle of the tube, moderately unequal, the longer
nearly eau es the poe much thickened below, attenuate
above; anthers 5~— ong, oblong, attached at the middle
of the or style filiform, about equaling the stamens, nearly
uniform throughout; stigma broader than long, of three short,
rounded lobes.
“Near Machichoriza, 3500 ft., Aug. 5, 1902” (No. 1678).

(492 )

Hippeastrum crocifiorum sp.

Specimens 3 dm. high, ae the leaves not seen, the scape
dilated upwards; bracts of the spathe 2, distinct, oblanceolate,
obtuse, 4-5 cm. long, thickish, oe purple; pedicels 2, slender,

1.5-2 cm. long; ovary 6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, ne oe
tube about 15 mm. long, infundibular, the lobes § cm. long,
wide, rose-purple; filaments much thickened below, pee
unequal, shorter than the corolla; style about equaling the corolla,
the stigma shortly and broadly 3-lobed, the lobes rounded

“Guerratuma River, 3500 ft., Aug. 9, 1902” (No. 1617).

DIOSCORIACEAE
Dioscorea oblongifolia sp. nov.

Stems slender, irregularly angled; petioles 12- ee mm. 10n8
slender, sharply channelled abov ve; blades 6-9 cm. 3-45.
broad, nearly oval, lightly cordate with a broad sinus, — aes
a rupt-acum minate and acute, strongly 3-nerved, with often an

shortly oe aa ae as rong pea reeks strongly
compressed, 12-15 lon road, emarginate,
the very short stout “style at ae eae stigma I.5 mm.
broad, 6-angled and with a ridge running from the center to each
angle, upon the upper surface, and 3 slightly projecting light colored
small bodies at the center; wings bearing very many exceedingly
fine nerves running transversely from the axis to the thickened
margin; seed nearly orbicular, about 8 mm. br ae including the
light-brown wing, which is two-thirds as broad as the red seed.

“Apolo, 4800 ft., July 22, 1902” (No. r4gr).
Dioscorea acanthogene sp. nov.

ae slenderly costate, roughish with fine tubercles; petioles
12-18 mm. long, slender, articulate upon a stout alcate base

lo

coriaceous, sharply 7-9 ribbed, the slender anastom mosing venation
sharply prominent on both h sides; panicles (pistillate only seen)
drooping, much-branched, the branches 15-30 cm. long, slender,
remotely flowered, the flowers sessile; bracts small, subulate, thin,

reddish; flowers puberul ent externally, about ong; ovary
oF .5 mm. long, slightly curved; winged segments about 2.5
long, ovate, obtuse, bearing rk midrib; staminodia at

fie bases of the segments, very small; style conical, short and stout,
not quite so long as the perigone- segments nor as the stigmas,

(493 )

which are ieee linear, tapering, the divisions spreading hori-
zontally and u rved.
eMychatapo,: ee ft., Apr. 8, 1902” (No. 245).

TRIDACEAE
Sisyrinchium alatum minor var. nov.
Stems 15-25 cm. high, slender; petals 6-8 mm. long; capsule
5 mm. long.
This plant is smaller, not only as a whole, but in all its parts,
than the type, from which I cannot at present otherwise distinguish

1t.
“Flowers yellow. Hills near Apolo, 6000 ft., Feb. 20, 1902”
(No. 114).

Cipura major sp.

Glabrous; bulb seer ovoid, about 13 mm. long, brown; radi-
cal leaves 15~30 cm. long, t e lower portion narrowed to the base,
erect, the upper portion spread. mm. broad, attenuate,
strongly plicate; scape very slender, 7-10 cm. (one. the floral leaf
similar to the others and exceeding them; spathes imbricated,

pedicel very slender, 7 mm. long, enlarging very gradually into
the ovary, which is 6 mm. long, oblanceolate and sharply ribbed;

2. : 6 mm. long
slightly enlarged upward, the stigmas short, broad, spreading;
capsule 5 mm. long, oval-oblong, obtuse, brown; seeds black,
irregularly angular, very small, nume

“Species very near C. paludosa Aubl.
“Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Dec. 16, 1901” (No. 546).

ARACEAE
Heteropsis boliviana sp. nov.

Branchlets annulate, the annulae narrow, transverse or oblique;
petioles 3 mm. long, cuneate; blades oblon ng or lance-oblong,
i igid whe

?
very dark green, 7-15 cm. long, 25~40 mm. broad, the midrib
stoutish, the are numerous eee eRe lightly ascending
and communic to form a line about I mm. from the margin;
peduncle ee. ee in fruit; ceo spathe 35 mm. long,
including the acuminate base, oblong-lanceolate, the rigid, narrow
terminal ae out — wie long, enclosing the spadix;
spadix in young fru —20 mm. lon mm. broad, oblong, ex-
hibiting 3 spirals and pence by the remains of the spathe;

(494)

young fruit drying black, truncate, pee erent in
outline, bearing the short blunt st style in the center and surrounded,
and a little exceeded by the tHe, stout, Cee eee! al
eye

“Climbing over trees, Isapuri, 1550 ft., Oct. 5, 1901” (No. 721).
Monstera boliviana sp. nov.

Petioles reaching 30 cm. or more in length, very stout, the sheath
extending to the base of the blade, finely many- ribbed, minutely

oo at the base, shortly abrupt-acuminate and acute at
the summit, ae ted on both side es, the ae ee long and

em. long, 13 mm. thick, cylindrical; summit of fruit about .4 mm

“Common on trees, Isapuri, 1500 ft., Oct. 10, 1901” (No. 676).
Monstera unilatera sp. nov.

Petioles 7-12 cm. long, the sheath extending to within 6 or

mm. of the blade, its base meeting about the stem, wholly de-
ciduous and leaving a slender annulus, very finely many striate;

teral, the mar f the n
convex, very slightly and abruptly produced at the base, a ruptly
short-acuminate and acute at the summit, bearing from 1-3 (?)
eet on the larger side only, these broadly oblong or oval,
of small or medium size; veins very numerous, very slender, strongly
upcurved, obscurely connecting; peduncle solitary i in my specim
6.5 cm. long, curved, slightly enlarged upward, striate; spathe Hic

40 mm. long, oblong-ov al, finely many-nerved; fruiting spadix
(mature?) oe cal, _ apparently about 60 mm. oe nearly
12 mm. thick, the fruit hghtly concave upon the sumn

“San Buena Ventura 1400 ft., Nov. 25, rgo1” (No. a

MusacEakE
Heliconia Pearcei sp. nov.

Glabrous; petiole of the one leaf seen 13. cm. long, costate
above the sheath; blade 8 dm. long, 15 cm. broad, oblong, oblique
at the base, shortly ener gee the midrib s strong, nearly
terete, yellow, the venation very fine and regular, nearly at right
angles with the midrib; bracts about 2.5 cm. apart, 5-15 cm. ne

(495 )

nearly horizontal, serenely folded, the folded half 5-8 mm. broad
. its insertion, quickly broadening to twice that width, then gradu-

and fleshy; flowers crowded at the basal portions of the bract, all
fallen from my specimen, as well as nearly all the fruits; pedicels
much exserted, ae mm. long, stout, upwardly thickened and
peeve a broad summit where the fruit has fallen aed fruit
m. long, two- dude 2 as broad at the summit, turbinat

Species about intermediate between H. psittacornu er i.
brasiliensis.

“8 it. high, Charopampa, 1600 ft., Sept. 28, 1901” (No. 704).
The same collected by Pearce, probably at Santa Ana.

MaranTACEAE
Calathea Sprucei (Sect. Microcephalum) sp. nov.
Herb small, acaulescent, glabrous except for a very minute

cm. long and 4 cm. broad, oval, slightly inaequilateral, abruptly
short-acuminate, the nervation fine, rather loose; peduncle 12 cm.
long, very slender, very slightly thickened near the summit; spike
18 mm. long, loosely oval, few-flowered; scales 8-10 mm. long,
broadly ovate, acuminate, ‘finely and regularly many-nerved, ne
inner narrower and shorter, the flowers exserted. Dissection
material wanting.

“Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Dec. 11, 1901” (No. 608). The same as
Spruce No. 4523.
Calathea exserta (Sect. Breviscaposa) sp. nov.

Minutely puberulent; petioles 2 or more, radical, 12-20 cm. long,
erect; sheath narrow, extending to the blade, 20-30 cm. long,

acute, puberulent above and on the midrib underneath, the
secondar and regular, connected by very fine,
straight, regular veins; peduncle (but one seen) 9 g, erect,
thickened upward; spike 5 cm. long, 18 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse,
dense, tomentose; bracts closely imbricated, about

broader, the summit rounded, except those of the uppermost,

u ex
which are acuminate; flowers exserted; exserted anther 5 mm. long,
narrowly linear, rigid; dissection n
“Flowers te and purple; Ixiamas-Tumupasa trail, 1500 ft.,
Dec. 29, 1901” (No. 296).
Species near C. Petersenii and almost the same as Eggers No.
14,0

(496 )

Calathea pilosa sp. nov.

Stem stout, angled and, like the petioles, coarsely pilose, the
hairs erect-spreading; petiole nearly a meter long, stout; blades
of the longer leaves 5 dm . long, 15 cm. broad, oblong, the summit
very abruptly contracted into a short, broad acumination, very

and rigid; bractlets very unequal, broad, pilose at the base, the
summit fimbriate, the outer mucronate; flower 10 mm. long;
sepals longer than the petals, strongly pilose externally; filaments
broadly pe sani the anther broad; style thick, involute, the stigma
cucullate, 2- ed.

“6 ft. high: San Buena Ventura, 1500 ft., Nov. 27, 1901” (Wo.
354).
Calathea nigricans sp.

ubescent, excepting ae pape aaa stem erect, 5-7

high, bearing two leaves in the specimen seen; petioles ae. cm
i r 10 mm. of the

nely nerved; blades 15-30 cm. long, 6-10 cm. broad, in-
Rete oval, abruptly short-acuminate, abruptly contracted
at the base; peduncle solitary, 25-30 cm. long, almost filiform,
thickened upward; head solitary, 2-3 cm. long, broader than long,
the bracts 2, thick, much broader than long, obtuse eee coarsely
nerved, drying blackish; inner scales about 15 mm. ong, lanceo-
-OVa

two-thirds as broad, oval, light brown, the back bearing « coarse
intersecting fissures, the face a broad central ridge from which
about five light lines run obliquely upward to the margin.

“Flowers yellow. Between Ixiamas and Tumupasa, 1500 ft.,
Dec. 29, 1901 (No. 295).

Species near C. Pavoni, but well distinguished by its indu-
mentum.

BuRMANNIACEAE

Gymnosiphon orobanchoides sp. nov.

Rhizome very slender, clothed with subulate, attenuate bracts
about 1 mm. long, and very fine, sparingly branched, elongated
roots; stems 15-30 cm. long, erect, very slender, obscurely nerved,

but narrow and very thin; pedicels 3 mm. long, scarcely oe

(497 )

in fruit, very slender, recurved; flower about as long as the pedicel,
the hemispherical tube and the contracted limb of about equal
length, the limb divided about half way, its segments broadly
triangular, finely attenuate; capsule 3 mm. long and about as
broad.

“In woods, near Inglis-Inglis, Aug. 15, 1902” (No. 1636).

JUGLANDACEAE
Jugians sp. nov.?
One leaf is all that aa this specimen, but this is evidently
a representative one. Its petiole is 20 cm. long, slender, reddish

unequally serrate-dentate, thin, the puberulence extremely fine
and sparse on both sides, the secondaries 15-17 pairs, strongly
upcurved, the venation lightly prominent above, sharply so under-
neath, the reticulation extremely fine.

“Tree 8 inches in a. and 30 ft. high; San Juan, 4000 ft,
April 3, 1902” (No. 22

Species near to f. ee but if the leaf described is charac-
teristic, the species is distinct.

ULMACEAE
Celtis Williamsii sp. nov.

Branchlets, petioles, upper leaf surfaces, etc., finely puberulent,
the midrib ‘pilose underneath; branchlets elongated, slender,
spreading, purple; stipules lanceolate, attenuate, caducous;
pole ns mm. oe stout, spreading or defl d; blade 7~12

the stigmas about 3 times as long as the oo tapering; fruit
(mature?) about 8 mm. long, ovoid, acumin
“San Buena Ventura, 1500 ft., Nov. 30, toon” (No. 603).
This species is near C. iguaneus and is, I think, the same as
Bang No. 1539, which I have heretofore regarded as of that species.

(498 )

MoracEAE
Pourouma scabra sp. nov.

Branchlets very stout, densely ee as are the
stipules, petioles, inflorescences, flowers and lower leaf-surfaces;
stipular spathe 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm er in the closed condition,
very t tek and coriaceous; petioles (only nag Haat leaves seen)
ToO-15 cm. long pean leaves deeply 5—7-lobed, the lobes 7-14 cm.
long, 5-10 cm. broad , the lowermost very cen oval,
abruptly very aus emo the margin crispate, very thick and

Seared ae short and stout; perianth ovoid, densely as Gee
ong; stigma oe purple discoid, hairy, 2 . broad.

(Only ake pistillate plant s

“A large tree. Santa Bono 5000 ft., Aug. 30, 1902” (No.
1560).
Cecropia obovata sp. nov.

Branchlets brown, very scabrous; stipular sheath about 1
long, thick, brown, minutely floccose, sharply ribbed; ee
reaching 30 ¢ m. long, se ribbed, Gece lightly pubes-

peduncle solitary, about 8 cm. long; spikes shortly peduncled,
4in my specimen, unequal, the longer nearly as long as the common
peduncle, 6 mm. thick, obtuse, white, speckled with the reddish-
black small stigmas.

“A tall, slender tree, inhabited by red ants, San Buena Ventura,
1400 ft., Nov. 15, 1901’ (No. 645).
Ficus oblanceolata sp. nov.

Glabrous; branchlets gray, seers ae 12 mm. long, nar-
rowly subulate, attenuate, thick; s § mm. long, very stout;
blades 30-35 cm. long, 9-12 cm. srr oblanceolate, obtuse at

acute acumination about 2.5 cm. long; venation reddish, fine,
a sharply prominent on both sides, the secondaries
25-30 on each side, connected very near the margin; inflorescence

Ce poe longated- ovoid, curved.

(499 )

“Juice milky but will not coagulate. New Brazil, 5500 ft.,
June 13, 1902” (No. 1660

Urostigma coerulescens sp. no

ranches rust-colored, ce ounger portions, ease young
petioles, etc., aaa coarse- es stipules 14 mm. long, atten-
uate; leaves crowde e petioles nigel unequal, up to 3 cm. long,
stout, channelled ae. the blad 10 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad,

= summit, the margin sae very pale or glaucous, the

ae elled on the upper surface, oe secondaries about 12 pairs,

coarse; fruit (mature?) globose, 6 mm broad, orange-yellow,
sessile, geminate, the summit bracted.

“A large tree, 20 inches in diameter; Mapiri, 1600 ft., Sept. 17,
1g01” (No. 800)

Urostigma costata sp. nov
Ferruginous-tomentose heoushout stipules 8 mm. long, 5 m
broad at the base, triangular-ovate, finely acuminate; oe

thick an
coriaceous, pale, the midr ib and abou O pairs of secondaries

“A tree 14 inches in nee with thin milky juice. Apolo,
4800 ft., April 15, 1902” (No.

Apparenly the same as one es by Fred Muller (No.
1586), “Vera Cruz to Orizaba.

bee Williamsii sp. nov.

Glabrous, except for the very minutely muricate and puberulent
lea sree petioles 2-3 cm. long, stout; blades 7-14 cm. long,

8 , oblong, nee t the base, a short, broad mucro-
nation at pny summit, entire, cee rying brown, the venation
slender, slightly prominent above, sharply so undernea th, finely
reticulate, the secondaries about 10-12 on a side, coarsely anasto-
mosing near the margin; fruits in pairs, sessile, globose, 12 mm.
broad, the bracts at the summit bearing two hemispherical reddish
bodies about 2 mm. broad.

“Ixiamas-Fumupasa trail, 1500 ft., Dec. 29, 1901” (No. 413).

Species very near U. ae Meyer and Gardner No. 5631

(500 )

Williams No. 146, ‘‘a tree 14 inches in diameter and 35 ft. high,
with thin milky juice, Apolo, 4800 ft., April 16, 1902,” is probably
the same, though its leaves are twice as large and its fruit a half
larger. The latter wants the peculiar bracts upon the summit,
though these may have fallen off.

No. 420, “‘a slender bush, the fruit striped and spotted with

urple, Tumupasa, 2500 ft., Jan. 4, 1902,” may be the same, but
is probably distinct. Its leaves are relatively narrower, and are
thin and inclined to be slightly broadened upward. It bears
stipules 14 mm. long, tapering finely from the base. Its fruit is
similar to that of No. 413. It is the same as Tonduz No. 11,576
and very near Spruce No. 2217, which is called U. leucosticta Mig.

URTICACEAE
Mpyriocarpa filiformis sp.
Branches red, glabrous; e eked like the petioles and leaves,
minutely strigose; stipules reddish, 12 mm. long, ovate, acuminate:
m

broad, ovate, ne slenderly acuminate eae acute, dentate,
with the short teeth and sinuses obtuse, thin, deep- ey the
re)

. long; bractlets very small; pistils stipitate, the stipes a
see to ae as long as the ovary; flowers, seats of stipe, about
vary broadly sr, green; style nearly as long as
er ree nee stigmas large, as ‘long as st le
“A tree 20 ft. high and 8 inches in diameter; Mapiri, 1600 ft.,
Sept. 19, 1901” (No. 768)
LoRANTHACEAE
Phthirusa heterophylla sp. nov.
abrous, except for a ferruginous scaly scurf on the younger
parts; branches elongated, slender; leaves opposite, the petioles
10-12 mm. long, stout, divaricate; blades ovate, subtruncate at
the base, the summit ‘rounded, sinuately contracted above the
middle, thickish, the venation slender, coarsely and very irregularly

base, loosely flower the flowers in threes; bracts triangular-
ovate, acuminate, he. summit whitish; fone ers not open in my
apparently very small; fruits oblong-ovoid, purple or
glaucous, § mm. long.

(502 )
“A slender shrub, San Buena Ventura, 1400 ft., Nov. 13, 1901”
(No. 667).
Phthirusa robusta sp. nov.

Glabrous; branches v d
sharply angled; Boece 2.5-3 cm. "lon ng, stout, channelled above;
]

very thick, the lower portion of the midrib channelled on the upper
surface, the venation obscure; panicles mostly solitary in the axils,

ow es
out 5 cm. long and _ broad, cae i oosely branched;

panicles much enlarged in fruit; berries 1o mm. long, elliptical.
“Santa Cruz, 5000 ft., Aug. 24, 1902” (No. 1503).

Phoradendron paucifolium sp. nov.

Glabrous; stem very short, loosely and widely aang the
branches slender; petioles very short, broad, margined; blades
8-12 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, ovate, mucronate, thick, ae ee

very acute; flowers solitary, deeply immersed the
segments very short; berries 3 mm. long, ae oe pees blue
stigma half as broad as the fruit.

““Cargadira, 8000 ft., July 29, 1902” (No. 1530).

A CEAE

Aristolochia Williamsii sp. nov.

Plant minutely puberulent; rhizome stout; stems 5-7 dm. lon
wea ne. angled; petioles 10-12 m m. lo ong, slender; binds:
4- ong, 2-3 cm. pe Faseks eae acuminate, obtuse,

the pais irregular, cordate, the sinus rounded, the basal lobes
10 mm. long, lightly peers blunt, the body 3- -nerved, the lobes
2-nerved, the nerves slender, whitish, the reticulation coarse;
flower about 5 cm. nae a sigmoid-curved, the basal portion
about 10 mm. broad, sed, the middle portion
summit of the tube aa ere es the ae
arched, coarsely pilose; peduncle two-thirds the length of the
broadly ovoid capsule, which is 2.5 cm. long, exclusive of the stout
beak, ae is 6m
“Apolo, 4800 ft., March 10, 1902” (No. 70).

=
s)
}
fan
a
gp
Og
5
oQ
2,
a

(502 )

Aristolochia apoloensis sp. nov.

Stems slender, elongated, twining; petioles 10-15 mm. long,
slender; blades 4-8 cm. long, 2~3 cm. broad, triangular-ovate,
acute, cordate, the sinus broad and rounded, the lobes straight,
rounded, 3-nerved, the lobes 1-nerved, the purple venation finely
and strongly reticulate, Bay ie above, prominent underneath;
owers not seen; peduncle of the capsule 15 mm. long, the capsule
broadly ovoid, 4 cm. ie the stout beak 6 mm. long, then lobed
summit; seeds 5 mm. long and broad, triangular-obtuse,
slightly cordate.
“Apolo, 4800 ft., Sept. 6, 1902”’ (No. 1567).

AMARANTACEAE
Pfaffia soratensis sp. nov.

nsely aaa the older portions glabrate; stems greatly
Prereror flex , apparently decumbent or reclining, except
the ascending ami portion, loosely branching, the internodes
very long (12-15 cm.), finely eee leaves opposite, all wanting
in my specimen, except the floral ones, which closely subtend the
inflorescence and are 6-12 mm. lon a mm. broad, oval, sessile,
acutish, green above, yellowish- pee underneath; heads sessile,
subhemispherical, 10-12 mm. broad; scales shorter than the flowers

imilar to i

stamens equaling the sepals, the anthers 1 mm. long, oblong,
bright yellow; ovary subglobose, slightly broader than long;
styles and stigmas 3, two-thirds the length of the ovary, erect, thick,
reddish, upwardly thickened, rounded at the end.

“Flowers yellow; Sorata, 7500 ft., Sept. 2, 1901” (No. 2385).

Gomphrena ixiamensis sp. nov.

nsely eae with long appressed hairs; stems 20-30 cm. high,
Peony: osely branched, the branches elongated; leaves oppo-
site, 12-18 mm. long, 5~7 mm. broad, oblong-oblanceolate, acute,
abruptly eee into a very short, broad petiole, thickish, the
midrib broad, reddish, the venation obscu ure; heads solitary at

elongating as the flowers fall at the base; scales 2 mm. long, broadly
Bis cae scarious, with a broad greenish keel which is continued

nto an awn; bractlets 8 mm. long, slenderly acu pee perianth
ape woolly, the segments subequal, 6 mm. long, nar owly lanceo-
late, rigid, attenuate, one-third longer than the oe stigmas 3,
large, oblong, black, exceeding the stamen

“Txiamas, es ft., Dec. 24, 1go1” (No. 273). The same as
Rusby No. 1515 and 1516.

( 503 )

Mogiphanes soratensis sp. nov
Pilose throughout; stems clengared, slender, prostrate, rooting
at the joints, oe deeply channelled on one side above each node,

?
1.5-4¢ road, ovate, abruptly contracted into a short peti-
ole, , thin, sparsely pilose above, fre underneath; the
secondaries t h side, strongly ascen acre venation

m
nee than the stamens; anthers broadly oblong; akenes not
ee

s
"Sorts, 7500 ft., Sept. 2, 1901” (No. 2384). Thesameas Rusby
No. 1520

Mogiphanes aaa sp. nov.

s 5-7 dm. long, rooting at the base, erect or pean
loosely branched, channelled, the internodes about t 7 cm.
leaves 2-4 cm _ long, 1-2 cm. broad, ovate, abruptly Patents
into a very sho rt petiole, thickish; inflorescence loosely paniculate;
heads varying ae sessile to rather long-penducled, broadly ovoid,
obtuse, 10-12 mm. long; bracts 2.5-3 mm. long, scarious, broadly
ovate, carinate, ie keel prolonged into an awn half as long as the

ody; perianth 3.5-4 mm. long, the segments ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse; stamens two- ao the length of ie perianth.

“Sorata, 7500 ft., Sept. 1, 1901” (No. 2401). Species very near
the last but well distinguished by its indumentum, smaller leaves,
paniculate inflorescence with stouter and shorter penducles, and
shorter stamens with smaller anthers.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Tissa pazensis sp. nov.
Scabrous; stems much branched from the base, the branches

ect or ascending, 15-30 long, articulated, very slender;
stipules imbricated at the base, about on ly ovate
ac hite, ver and scarious; leaves opposite or
mostly Seen very unequal, the 2m ear,
acute; branches of the cyme 2, elongated, loosely flowered; pedicels
slender, erect, ae than the flower, unequal, some 18 mm. long,

in fruit: sepals, in flower, 6 mm. ong, 2-2.§ mm. broad, oblong,

and scarious; petals two-thirds as long as the sepals, broadly oval,
obtuse, very thin, finely nerved, white or faintly pink; stamens
nearly as long as the petals, the filaments stout, narrowed upward,

the anthers oblong; ovary ovoid, smooth, half as long as the Seale

( 504)

style half as long as the ovary, 3-cleft; capsule 6 mm. long, p
plish; seeds flat, nearly orbicular, brown, with a broad oh -
complete win

“La Paz, Tees ft., Aug. 20, 1901”’ (No. 2336).

No. 1541, from Sorata, 7000 ft., Oct. 2, 1902, is probably a form
of the same. It is a smaller and more simple plant, its leaves a
half longer, and more narrow, its cymes small and few-flowered,
the fruits larger. Flowers are wanting. The fruiting sepals are
larger and brown. The seeds are slightly larger and with a broader
wing. The specimens are the same as Mandon No. 046, in Herb.
Kew as Spergularia arenarium Lindl, but are apparently distinct
from that species. It also bears the name S. media glandulosa.

ANONACEAE
Guatteria (?) ponderosa sp.
abrous; branchlets stout, Sele petioles 8-10 mm. lon
des 12-20 ¢

elongated leafless branchlets; pedicels about 15 mm. long, slender;
calyx lobes puss subrotund, 3 mm. broad; petals tomentose,
subequal, 8 mm. long, broadly ovate; stamens very rous,
densely es slightly Neeriee the styles, the mass 8 mm,
; style-mass light yellow, about 4 mm. broad, the stigmas
about 15, large, strongly truncate; seeds brown, oval with rounded
ends, compressed, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, the margin ridged
two-thirds of the way around, the ridge with "fissured hilum at the
broader

“A tree 2 feet in diameter and 45 feet high, the separate carpels
forming large smooth edible fruits weighing about a half pound;
Apolo, 4800 ft., Sept. 11, 1902” (No. 1479)

ion
=
ie}
rs)
a

Guatteria tomentosa ae nov.

ruginous-tomen the nches hirsute with reflexed

fais, elongated, pur os ‘leafy, ce aed 15-20 mm. long;
gated, p ‘ g3
petioles 2-4 mm. long, very stout; blade 15 cm. long, 18-35 mm

axils, the pe Py 10- long, stout, erect; outer sepals

mm TO i ovate, obtuse, ferruginous outside,
deep- Ls Breer glabrous inside; inner petals similar but
narrower, 2 cm. long, ferruginous except at the base, within, the

outer ones bale as ne stamen-mass 6-7 mm. broad, the stamens

(595 )

1.5 mm. long, eae ae the yellow pistils, which are at first
tufted at the s

“A small nee 20 ae high; Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Dec. 11, 1901”
(No. 753).

The same as Bang No. 11706.

i seteamn (?) parvifolium sp.
eis gray, uee issued branchlets short, slender,
re ae es 4-8 mm. long; blades 3-10 cm —
roa he ee and obtuse, coriaceous, shining,
the secondaries numerous, straight and slender, the principal ones
interarching close to the margin, the venation prominent on both
sides; peduncle recurved, pa ce upward; carpels ee i on
thick stipes 6 mm. long, 2-2.5 . long, 8 mm. broad,
obtuse, falcate, grooved on the idrib, about 6- seeded Bat
yellowish or brown, oe) slightly See. 6 mm. long, trans-
ea rugose, the ma arginal grooves narrow.

Iam in some doubt as to whether this is not a species of Asimina,
which its foliage more resembles. In the absence of flowers, I
cannot determine this point.

“A small tree; Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Jan. 6, 1902” (No. 511).
Symbopetalum monospermum sp. nov.

Glabrous; branchlets very slender, the internodes 18-25 mm.
long; pet etioles 4 mm. long, very thick; blades 15-20 cm. long,
em.

point, entire, thin; secondaries about 8 on each side, interarching,
e the c 7 reticulate, slender ewe: light'y prominent

short and broad; outer pe m broad, ovate,
obtuse or minutely aaa thick, the inner of about the same
lengt t narrower ous low, above thick, the apex
inflexed; stamen-mass 5 mm. broad, . mm. long; stamens yellow;

stigmas capitate, depressed; ae els few, the stipes at maturity
o-12 mm. long, the ripe carpels inaequilaterally oval, 9 mm. long,
one-seeded; seed reddish-brown, shining, coarsely | ee

“A tree 30 ft. high and 8 inches in diameter, with yellowish
ious and thick petals; San Buena Ventura, 1400 ft., Nov. 12,
1901” .No. 670

LauRACEAE
Persea (?) filipes sp. nov.
labrous, the eames slender, deep-purple, very
leafy; petioles slender, about 1 cm. long, slightly margined at the
summit by the very ay ee base of the blade; blades

(506 )

5-8 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. broad, det the subrotund base very
abruptly pers into the petio le, the summit abruptly short-
acuminate and obtuse, very thick, the slender, reticulate venation
pace prominent on both sees the secondaries irregular, 6-10
ach side; racemes or loos y few-flow ered panicles axillary and
eh the peduncles and nee hes slender; thickened portion
of pedice s about § mm. long, continuous with the calyx; calyx
6-8 mm. broad, and about as long, the segments nearly equal,
peed triangular-ovate, obtuse, thick and fleshy, shining, not
closely appressed; berry 7-10 mm. long and two-thirds as broad,
negulany alipueale ovoid.
“A bush, 12 ft. high, Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Dec. 7, 1901” (No.
352).
ae (?) sp. nov
nchlets short, ay widely ee gray, ot eneaeaed
on

ee al m. | g, stout; blades 5-10 cm. 1
, oval, ac bac subrotund, very slightly produced, a
ruptly very short-pointed and acutish at the summit, sparsely

axillary, mostly iene nen their leaves loosely few- “Ho a

spreading, the lobes subequal and broadly triangular-ovate,
obtuse, slightly thickened; berry deep-purple, 6 to 8 mm. long,
half as broad, oval.

“A bush, Apolo, Mar. 2, 1902” (Wo. 14).
Ocotea Trianae s

v.
Bark of the eae oot light-gray; younger portions and
lower leaf-surfaces finely and very closely sericeous; leaves 7-15

to nearly one-half the total length, broad and loose in fruit (flowers
not seen); fruits sessile or on very slight, thick pedicels; calyx

with minute, white-pilose tufts; fruit exserted for about one-third
of its length, elliptical, very finely many-nerved.

(507 )

“Thirty ft. high and 6 inches in diameter; Rio Chiarra, 4000 ft.,
Sept. 16, 1902” (No. 1475).
Exactly the same as Triana No. 2052, also in fruit.

Ocotea (?) illustris sp. nov.

Bark of trunk light-gray, roughened with transversely elongated
small lenticels; glabrous; branchlets sharply many-nerved very
leafy; petioles 15-20 m m. lon ng, stout, broadly channelled, blackish;

es 10-20 cm. long, 8 em. broad, oblong or slightly lance-ovate,
abruptly short-acuminate, the base very abruptly contracted into
the petiole, very ee ck, above shining, the midrib and 6-8 pairs

tube 5-6 mm. long, about 9 mm. broad, hemispheric-crateriform,
abruptly contracted into a short stipe-like base, very rugose, trun-
cate; fruit about 12 mm. long, 7 mm. broad, elliptical, finely
rugose.

“A tree 14 inches in diameter; San Buena Ventura, 1400 ft.,
Nov. 18, 1901” (No. 642

Ocotea oblanceolata sp. nov.

Glabrous; branchlets slender, ascending; petioles 8-10 mm
long, broad, channelled, the margins incurved; blades 8-16 cm.
ong, 3-6 cm. wide, oblanceolate or obovate, abruptly, very shortly

m

panicles sessile at the ends of short, leafy branchlets, extremely
small and few-flowered; flowers seen; cna calyx 6: cas long,
12-14 mm. broad, crateriform, truncate, thin, rough; f 2.5 cm.
or more ae broadly elliptical- eel de flesh hin ee wnalled
in d

“A small tree; Mapiri, 1800 ft., Sept. 17, 1901” (Wo. 822).

“OcoTEA MaRaNHANA”

A specimen in Herb. Kew., collected by Pearce at Santa Cruz,
bears the above name, without author, but I can find no publication
of it. Williams No. 177, a “tree 25 ft. high and 3 in. in diameter;
Apolo, 4800 ft., Apr. 17, 1902,” seems to be the same.

Williams No. 1488, a “tree 20 ft. high and 5 in. in diameter;
Apolo, 4800 ft., Aug. 17, 1902,” in fruit, may be the same, though
the racemes appear much shorter.

(508 )

Nectandra Guanaiensis sp. nov.

Inflorescence finely tomentellate, otherwise glabrous; branchlets
stout, ascending; petiole (but one seen) 2 cm. long, stout; blade
e than 3

cave, mostly longer than the buds which ne! partly ese

inner series narrower, slightly shorter, erect, darker; ovary 1.5 mm
broad, truncate, in a cup-shaped cavity, tipped } by the very small
styles: glands oblong.

““A tree 8 inches in diameter and 35 feet high; Rio Guanai, 3500
ft., Aug. 11, 1902” (No. 1598)

Species near NV. rugosa Nees.

CUNONIACEAE
Weinmannia builata sp. nov.

Coarsely ferruginous-tomentose or pilose, except the upper leaf-
surfaces; much branched, the branchlets one slender, suberect,
blackish, very densely leafy; leaves 2-4 cm. long on very short
petioles, the internodes 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, obovate;
leaflets 9-13, 5-8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the lateral elliptical,
thick, the mid-rib and 4-6 pairs of nearly divaricate secondaries

the gree ing upper

margin strongly revolute; terminal leaflet similar, or slightly
narrowed below; spikes 2-2.5 cm. long; capsules short-pedicelled,
broadly ovoid, about 2-2.5 mm. long. (Flowers not seen.

“A bush, 10 ft. high; Cargadira, 8000 ft., July 29, 1902” (No.
1572).
Late obtusifolia sp. nov.

Young portions puberulent with diverging hairs; branches

thickish but weak, flexuous, eerie eases oe m. ae,

ee
Loa
oO
c
ae)
no)
4
a
ry
=
5
wp
ia
4
“Oo
28
ve!
S
i=)
oq
Oo
ct
o
n
ot
at

e at th 3
internodes of ra rachis 14-16 mm. ian oblenceslce, ne greatest
breadth 5-6 mm.; leaflets 3-5, the lateral sessile, 3-4 cm. long,
10-20 mm. bred “oblong-ovate, obtuse, the base broadly eer
bluntly serrate, thickish, pale and slightly shining, the slender
venation coarsely reticulate, lightly prominent beneath, the sec-
ondaries about 10-14 pairs, diverging at an angle of about 4
degrees; terminal leaflet somewhat larger, more narrowly cuneate;
spikes short- peduncled, 7-10 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, inter-

(509 )

ted, the verticels densely flowered; pedicels 1-1.5 mm. lon

slender: eck more than half the length of the pedicels, peor
a. stamens three times the length of the sepals, exceeding
the sty.

cee ft. high and six inches in diameter; Apolo, 5000 ft.,
July 13, 1902” (No. 1438).

The same collected by Matthews.

Species near W. diwerstfolta.

Weinmannia sessilifolia sp. nov.

— branches short, suberect, very leafy, the internodes
3-5 cm. long, purple; leaves simple, nearly sessile, the basal portion
of Aes mae slightly pilose on the lo wer surfac €, 3-5 c

truncate at the base, sharply serrate with very small, salient
purple teeth, thick, pale, the finely reticulate venation prominent
both sides, the secondaries 10-12 pairs, diverging at a very
wide ah oe forking prominent toward the margin; spikes, in
ower, about 5 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, on peduncles a little more
than half as long, in fruit slightly longer and 18 mm. wide, dense,
blunt; bractlets scarcely 1 mm. long, triangular-ovate, thick;
pedicels 3 mm. long, slender; sepals similar to the bractlets, but

when straightened; capsules 3. ong and about equaling
their styles, broadly a eae on nerved.
“Two to six ft. high; Cargadira, 8000 ft., July 29, 1902” (No.
1522).
ROSACEAE
Rosa repellens sp. nov.
Stems stout, branching, very spiny, the spines on the older

cm. long, ovat
twice the Tength a on stipules, ‘stout; leaves, inclusive of petiole,
12 cm. long; leaflets 5~7, all much alike, the lowest ie and
the terminal slightly oe nearly sess sile , 2-5 cm. long, 12-30
mm. broad, subrotund or b roadly ae roughly and irregularly
serrate-dentate with short teeth, very thick, very rugose, the

where it is more or less pubescent, strongly reticulate; petals not
seen; pedicels 15-20 mm. long, very stout, angled, aed
dilating into the fruit base; calyx-lobes 18 mm. long, 5-6 m

(510)

broad, ae from the ae ey broadened near the summit
pubesc n both surfaces and glandular externallv like the tube,
cee ae lateral ae or lobes which are oblong, narrowed
at the base, and may themselves be several-toothed; stamens
numerous, short, the anthers 1.5 mm. long; styles shorter than
stamens, very plumose: fruit ada sass contracted throa
the perfect ones 2.5 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad at the broadest ane
deep-purple, the persistent calyx- re 8 mm. d.

“Six feet high; by roadside, Gura, 8400 ft., Aug. 10, 1901”
(No. 2559).

PAPILIONACEAE
Lupinus soratensis sp. nov.

Densely and finely sericeous; stems erect; stipules 10-14 m
long, the adnate portion 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at the base, ‘lie
free portion lanceolate, attenuate; petioles pate cm. long, sle lender;
leaflets 7-9, 4-8 cm. long, 12-18 mm. wide, oblanceolate, sh rt-

e

and stout, the floriferous portion of raceme 12-30 ong, in flower
about 4 cm. b broad; bracts 6 mm. long, oval, Leas reerr: pedicels
6-8 ae long, stout; calyx strongly bilabiate, the tube short-cam-
panulate, 3-4 mm. br oad, the upper lip 6 mm. long, the aes
slightly longer, boat-shaped, ae lateral lobes 2 mm. lon

vexillum 12 mm. long and broad, subrotund, deep-blue, the middle

mostly 4-seeded, strongly constricted between the seeds, which
are about 5 mm. long, broadly inecen eet mucronulate.

“Ten it. high, the stem 2 inches in diameter; on a gravel-bar,
Sorata, 7500 ft., Sept. 4, 1901” (No. 2430).

Lupinus sufferrugineus sp. nov.

Densely sericeous, the stems, petioles, young leaves and fruit
yellowish, the mature leaves gray; stems erect, stout, densely
leafy; stipules 5-8 mm. long, linear-attenuate, the adnate and free

on both sides; racemes very short-peduncled, 7-12 cm. long,
2.5- road, densely flowered, the flowers light-blue; bracts
similar to ie stipules; pete extremely short and thick; calyx
strongly bilabiate, the upper lip 6 mm. long, the lower slightly

wings "about as long as the eines 6 mm. broad, rounded at the
summit; keel equaling the wings, 3 mm. broad, strongly curved,
acuminate, purple-tipped; a flexed at a right angle, stout,

(511)

tapering, the horizontal portion 5 mm. long; longest stamens
nearly equaling the style; anthers lanceolate, 1 mm. long; ovary

Huliaca, Peru, 12,500 ft., May 14, 1902” (No. 2518).
Psoralea decane sp. nov

Finely ay-puberulent, the inflorescence white-pilose; stems
purplish, ee stipules 2 mm. long, ovate, acute; petioles about
2.5 cm. long, s ender, mostly reflexed; leaflets 3-5 cm. long, oblong-

lanceolate, acuminate and acute, acute at the base, entire, the
margin thinly revolute, thin, pale, very lightly puberulent, thickly

black-spotted, the secondaries 12-14 pairs, slender; racemes
axillary, solitary, 1 oa: cm. long including the peduncle, which is
from a third to neaily half the total length, densely flowered;

pedicels very short; calyx-tube elongated-campanulate, 5 mm. long,
mm. broad, finely m any-nerved; longest lobe 4 mm., the others
mm. long, triangular-ovate, acuminate or atte nuate; corolla
exceeding the calyx by about 3 mm., yellowish-white and blue;
fruiting calyx 9-10 mm. long, costate; pod 7 mm. long, ovoid,
lightly compressed, acuminate and acute, minutely strigose.
“Slender, ro ft. high; Yura, Peru, 8400 ft., Aug. 10, 1901”
(No. 2
Species near P. Mutisii.
ie rubricaulis sp. nov.
or less gray-puberulent or white-pilose, and black-glan-

half se petioles 3-6 mm. long, reddish, like the rachis; leaves
"lon ng, Naa mm. wide; leaflets on short, very len
petiolules, #6 . long, 2-4 mm. wide, obovate with minutely

wide, curved, densely flowered, the rachis coarsely angled; bracts
4-5 mm. long, obovate, cymbiform, the beak half as long as the
body, more or less purple; calyx-tube hemispherical-campanulate,
3 mm. lon m. wide, pag te 1o-ribbed, the ribs purple, each
interspace bea ane about larger purple glands; calyx-teeth
broadly triangular, pu ae -margined and purple-aristate, the
margin Mae anes within; corolla rose-purple, 8-10 mm. longer
than the c

“Three is “high: Arequipa, 7500 it., Aug. 8, 1901” (No. 2523).
Aeschynomene apoloana sp. nov.

Pubescent, the stems ferruginous, the foliage gray; stems numer-
ous from a thick, woody, branching root, very slender, reaching

(512)

3-4 dm. in length, the internodes 8-12 mm. long; stipules 6 m
aa erect, lanceolate, attenuate, sara 7-9-ribbed; see
1.5-2 mm. long, the rachis 4-6 mm. long; leaflets mostly 5-7;
5-8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, obovate, ae subcordate
beautifully reticulate, the secondaries 5-7 pairs , thin, gray-pl ilose
fs)

ate
yellow, 7 mm. long; stipe e 10 mm. long, re loment 2 cm. long,

entire; joints nearly semicircular, moderately ‘obli ique, the margin
conspicuously thickened.

“On grassy prairies; Apolo, Mar. 4, 1902” (No. 25).
Patigonium seabridum sp. nov.

Everywhere thickly beset with greenish, mostly concave glands;
ranches erect, slender, greenish; stipules similar to the leaflets;

ee s very short-pe etioled, 2-4 -7 mm. b , the 9-14
pairs of pee leaflets contiguous or even overlapping; leaflets
) ong a roader, emarginate, mostly somewhat
complanate, coarsely crenate, thick, rugose; racemes reaching
dm ngth, erect, densely flowered, the flowers solitary in
the axils of eee leaves; pedicels 2 or 3 mm. long, in flower,
twice as long in fruit, stout; calyx 4-5 mm. long and broad, cam-
ulate ne ae ‘angled, t e lobes broadly triangular, acute;
vexillum 12 d eae short-clawed, deep-purple with

yellowish markings, or yellowish with abundant deep purple veins,
glandular-hairy; wings a little shorter, more slenderly clawed,
more yellow; ovary and style purple, pilose; hairs of the pod dense,
blackish-purple, the copious plume gray

“Five ft. high; Yura, Peru, 8400 e Aug. 10, rgor” (No.

553):
Also collected by Warsowitez.

Patigonium alcicornutum sp. nov.

Younger portions of stem, spines, etc., ferruginous, minutely
puberulent, the leaves and inflorescence white- woolly ; stem $ pros-
trate, very stout and woody, ramose, the branchlets very spiny,
the spines branched, some once or twice bifurcating, slender, very
pungent, yellow; leaves scarcely expanding, 3-4 mm . long, Ai
petiole about one-third of the length, the leaflets m ostly 4p
nearly rotund, thick, densely white-woolly; pedicels half the ee
of the leaves, ee thickened upward; calyx 3 mm. long, cam-

corolla aioe. the standar mm. long an £0 ad, inne
clawed, variously blue or purple, with yellowish markings.

(513 )

“On dry hillsides near Lake Titicaca, 12,600 ft., Aug. 28, 1901”
(No. 2418).

Species, according to description, near to P. patencana (Ulbrich).
Meibomia rhynchosiifolia sp. nov.

te elongated, slender, ascending, purple, sulcate, clothed
with dia curved, yellow hairs; stipules 3 mm. long, tri-

the veins purple; aera? elongated, sparsely branched, loosely
flowered, very pilose, the flowers mostly in pairs; bracts similar to
stipules, "caducous; nan about 8 mm. lon eevee, calyx about

fruiting calyx, pilose; ies bout 5-jointed, the joints rhomboid-
oval, the sutures nearly equally indented

‘Trailing on ground, the flowers purple; Apolo, 4800 ft., Feb. 27,
1902” (No. 305).

Machaerium latifolium sp. nov.

Glabrous; branchlets slender, gray, finely verrucose; leaves
10-20 cm. long, the petioles nearly a fourth of the total length;
leaflets ie 795 gat es Res m. long, stout, mostly recurved;
blades 3.5—-7 cm. 2.5-4 cm. wide, ovate, ounded to subcordate
at the base, se ace very can green, slightly shining above,

where sa midrib is impressed, the venation slender, inconspic-
uous, coarsely reticulate; fruiting calyx 1.5 mm. long, nearly as
broad, bar little enlarged above, short-lobed; stipe ae slender,
5 mm. long; lower portion of pod 15-18 mm. long, 7-1 m. broad,
slightly curved, oval, slightly contracted where it joins © the wing,
which is strongly falcate, 3-3.5 cm. long, 12-14 mm. at the
middle portion, blunt, ue reticulate, the margin sieht and
sharply thickened on both s

“Mychariapa, 3500 ft. ee . 1902” (No. 246).

The same collected Pearce on the Coroico River at about
4000 {t. elevation.

Machaerium juglandifolium sp. nov.

Glabrate on the lower leaf-surfaces, very minutely puberulent;
branchlets slender, flexuous, terete, gray, finely verrucose; leaves
17-25 cm. long, including the petioles, which are 4-5 cm. long;
leaflets 6-7 pairs, very short petiolulate, 5-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm

(514)

wide, lance- cas aes rounded or subcordate at the base,
thickish, the margin revolute, dark above, pale beneath, the
venation oe fecedlate slightly prominent above, strongly sO
beneath, the secondaries 8-10 pairs; racemes short and few-
flowered, short-peduncied; flowers sessile; fruiting ely 2 mm.
long and broad, Sane gira oe stipe 4-6 mm. long,
curved; pod mm. wide, very slightly coarsely
reticulate, he nas ee ieee
“A small tree; Tumupasa, 1800 ft., Jan. 6, 1902” (No. 529).

Machaerium jacarandifoliam sp. nov.

Inflorescence, etc., ferruginous tomentose; branchlets blackish-
purple, stout, the older portions having a gray, roughish bark,
and armed with short, very stout, straight spines; stipules 3-4 m
long, lance-ovate, acuminate, thin; leaves crowded,
long, on very short petioles; leaflets 30-40, very shortly petiolulate,
8-15 mm. long, 2.5-5 mm. broad, oblong-lanceolate, the summit

a

about 12 mm. long a 8 mm. bro ad, the remaining portion 30-35
mm. long, 12 mm. wide, ae margin iehtly cere | the aoe
coarsely reticulate.

“Fifteen ft. high and 8 inches in diameter; Apolo, 4800 ft.,
July 18, 1902” (No. 1436). Probably the same as Bang No.
argo. It was collected by Pearce at Machariapu, 6000 ft., and
“above Paquelin.”” The species is near M. angustifolium Vonel

margin sinuately lobed; corolla deep-purple, smooth, the exserted
portion about twice as long as the calyx.
Platymiscium ellipticum sp. nov.

Younger portions and lower leaf-surfaces minutely puberulent,
the pods ferruginous-tomentose; branchlets short, stout, widely
spreading, Guia Si purple, otek stipules not

seen; leaves 7-10 long, the petioles short, angled; leaflets
alternate, nostly 6; peices 2mm. long, stout, costate, the blades
2-5 cm. lon ng, 10-25 mm. wide, ovate or oval, ‘obtuse or minutely

retuse and mucronulate, mostly rounded at ‘the base, thick, the

(545)

5-6 long; pods mostly 4-6 cm. long, 15-20 mm. broad,

aN rarer: eaenaee the summit rounded, abruptly erenae
into a stipe about 3-4 mm. long, where the eta becomes grad-
ually much corer seed about at the mid

“A tree 30 ft. high and 10 inches in diameter. Tumupasa,
1800 ft., Dec. 15, 1901” (No. 409). ‘The bark is gray and smoothish.
Bradburya cologanioides sp. nov.

Root woody, branching; stems very slender, flexuous, sulcate,
the upper parts, peduncles etc., sli ghtly pubescent, the hairs
mostly reflexed, yellowish; stipules 3-4 mm. long, aye eo
acute, sharply ‘nerved; petioles about 2-2. . long; stipellae
similar to stipules, but smaller; petiolules ee short; leaflets

a te,
ve ier similar Gn slightly rae vane all thick, rugose,
sparsely pilose on the veins beneath, the 5 or 6 pairs of secondaries

2-flowered, the lower flower very pomialaarieata bractlets similar
to the stipules; calyx-tube saucer-shaped, 6-8 mm. broad, th

just ready to expand (but one seen) about 2 cm. oe pod (mature?)
8 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, attenuate and very a

“Apolo, 5000 “ft “ hee 9, 1902” (No. 264).

No. 47, from the same locality, Mar. 4, 1902, is a smaller plant,
with much narrower leaves, approaching B. angustifolia, but I think
itis the same. Its flowers are also smaller.

Dolicholus apoloensis sp. nov.
Pubescent; de ey conga finely angled; stipules 3-4 mm

long, triang ular ate, e, 3-5-nerved; alee 2.5-4 cm. long;
pales a the eal eae about 2 mm. long, of the terminal
mm.; lateral leaflets 2-5 cm. lone and nearly road,

exceeding their leaves; very fone Peace aaa 2 mm. lon
calyx-tube broadly c ampanulat e, nearly ong as the pedicel,
shorter than the longest lobe; calyx ue peace acumina
and acute, the smallest about half the size of the largest; corolla
about 7 mm. long; ovary and base of style hirsute, the style much
ae the petals and stamens, the stigma large; col - mm
long, 7 mm. broad, obovoid, strongly compressed, dark-brown
pe tipped by a style 3 mm. long, 2- or 3-seeded; seeds black,

(516 )

smooth, compressed, 4 mm. long, the sharp convexity of the hilum
about half its length.

“Apolo, 4800 ft., Feb. 22, 1902” (No. 97)

0. 106, same locality, collected on the preceding day, the
‘Flowers yellowish,” is a slightly more robust form of the same.

It seems to be the same as Spruce No. 2208, and was also col-
lected by Sinclair on the Gulf of Fonseca.
Eriosema fusiformis sp. nov.

Pilose throughout with ne tater white hairs, which arise,
from minute papillae the lat mparting a scurfy appearance to
the surface; stems from a rene conico-fusiform tuberous-thickened
root, 10-20 cm. long, erect or ascending, thickish, very leafy,
the leaves sessile, trifoliolate; stipules erect, 5-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm.
broad, lanceolate, attenuate, brown, strongly nerved; lateral
leaflets subsess sile, almost equaling the terminal, which has a

short, $ $ m. lon mm. broad,
lanceolate, scarcely acute, thick, the midrib and 4-6 pairs of
strongly ascending secondaries reddish, prominent underneath,
the margin thickened, revolute. Flowers not seen. Very young
fruit sessile and concealed by the erect-appressed upper leaves.

“Prairies, Apolo, Mar. 4, 1902” (Wo. 29).

Bang No. 427 pp., called “‘427a,” from Yungas, 1890, published
as E. crinita, is the same
Eriosema sp. nov.?

Pilose throughout with long ferruginous hairs with thickened
bases; stems from a stout, woody, vertical, connico-fusiform tuber-
ous-thickened root, 7-15 cm. long, erect, subsimple, very leafy;
stipules 8-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, finely attenuate from the

leaflets uniform, the lateral about two-thirds to three-fourths the
length of the terminal, linear to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblan-
ate, 3-6 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, acute; venation finely

reticulate, prominent bork $1 ides, especially lar the
secondaries very irregular in number and appearance, the ‘lower
nearly erect, the upper, or sometimes all, interarching near the
margin. Expanded flowers not seen. Corolla in the bud reddish-
purple; pedicel very short and stout; calyx-tube cupulate, about
4 mm. broad and 2 or3 mm. high, the lobes triangular, attenuate,
the lowest very finely so and 4 or 5 mm. long; capsule cae I2-I
mm. long, two-thirds as broad, sal mucronate, brow

“Apolo, Mar. 8, 1902” (No. 9

No. 117, “hills near Apolo, oe ft., Feb. 20, 1902,” seems to be
a glabrate form of the same.

(517)

This may be merely a variety of the last, though its closely
sessile leaves, with different reticulation, and its quite distinct
general appearance, seem to mark it as different. It remains to
be determined whether the crinita group represents one widely
varying species, or a group of closely related species.

GENERAL INDEX

Abrams, Le Roy. A MRL g Saag and Taxonomic Study of the

Southern California Trees and Shrubs...........2-.-sc00eceeeeees 300
ACCESSIONS’: aiai2 tics ssw n eee eis Falak Rare gate se Das eare Bald oe lea 37, 148
Accountant. igs fOP 1907 beh oi cana Gb oe eae ee ae

port fOr 1908 5.40 ec vieie etre Pea cy adh sop gw alan aielay Pe hn Sones SS Reta 201
AdMinistrative cscs ee eet ecto cea hoa 1 heRe Oe bese tae et 19, 135
American. Desert Plants... .¢<s¢0eei adda meds ee etsacceeaes ed 33, I90
Annual Members, for aan Sind aun ave Mawes Seah ar eleva eee eae a erasiedys go

OE TQOB 6 seectccay eile Seaisia enna a are gn oate cde Alan hts ayes ae ad ame etek
Arbore Deétiduonse:: 2.02 s boew arene a Meas See ihe eet 29, 187
Arrangement of the He bana a aieadoee cag Ekin ep tree cee ee ine ben ake es

THESES sc senty ire wy acl veal aoe, Parad ane qeapgie ay aade arts weaiaeieee ada 23, 81, 139, 199
Assistance and Investigations: 2 ca ye kale dak cased Sea eae ees 39, 150
Assistant Director. Report for 1908.............0.60 cece e eee eee eee I
Aaseaue First: Report for 1907 ws. 0c4 itn oes triers ao eda nea eee 2
Auditor, Special. Report for 1907 ty vs carers sited ey bands Sane Seen 114

Report.for- 1908.2. cos Sch buh gekae ie etek hee ue eann aeons eases 226
Barnhart, John Hendley. Rea of the Librarian, for 1907........... Si

eport of the Librarian, for 1908... 2.2.0... ee ee es 164
Benefactors; fOr 1907. 2iig cha wen at heey tint ww ewer hs bd ee eee Se 87

OF 1908 -taavach eileen doa ed ia wie shan eee tee Daues eee aes ale 208
A SYR Cod (ot est ds pte nenr npr ener ae etree err eed are ere ne eee ere reese Te oe 197

olivia, New eae oe Collected by R. S. Williams—I............ 487
Bolivian Mosses, Part I]... 0... 0c eee eee teens 227
Boundary Fences: 0.2 ..eca cei ere ae esl ee teae pea nee 8,121
Bridges wesw Ae a eee ee ee yee oak eas OS TA WS 3, 119
ee 7 L. Report of the Secretary and aaa cad, for 1907. I

Report of the elas and Director-in-Chief, for 1908............. 15
Building OlgPa CS: cena kc ie ara teehee ent ethnic tae eet Gre ciate ts th an Se
Buildings. conc aca oat oe epee gs ated eke ea dees 7, 23, 80, 120, 139
Ballet tipster teeta a cciegaeiin weedeat aceennaueecradl sat retell ana ecneneas 24, 140
eee Trees and Shrubs, Southern. A Phytogeographic and Taxo-

Cotidy- Of os etcee sited ans Mia ee nent eae eotekee eted ote 00
sgt nants fiver eect ratet, Deatiebecestecticle Sty em ee aie ee peat ato lens sone 197
Collections. Miscellaneous... 0.0.0... cece eee ccc eee eens 32, 189
YSCCMAULC 6 fe hbk Gere tanh gee ac eualgn ee a rate See he eg ee cee ea. eece 29
Committee on on Fellows, and Members. Report for 1907. as
POLE LOL 1OOS eos eee cies et he el eo reece ohn ital Bees oe aha acta esd
COnservatomes): dasicivacew nding epee iene ee wane ines 23, 30, oie
Conservatory lower Gardens eee ie oa eee cee eer 190
foresee a neces i colt, Sea tea ae Ace ek es, sce etn il ee de ales 33, 190

pee of Specimens. Mounting and............. 2.000 eee e eee 3
Cone Financials 4h as tacia heed Soave een eee as eee es 135
ontnnen Of Drivewaysiwa. tentucws ln ee ta eerie thas Ge oan 195
OMG 2a es acti penned otras tre amg erate tale cringe Nes hte deh ee Ane ac 77

of Roads oc At Si cect os caner crepes erates oe eek th nee dotut rea nh ete oie secon mee 2, 118
Contributions sso. ess tide Ganon haeglin ota Sutras reese 24, 141
Coben to Exploration Fund, for 1907. ..... 0.00... 0 ccc ace eae 15

(518 )

per tea eee for 1908

ftiai-atiaitersaaye:Setpesteftacaiiei ca) eyecare aWeee Aabiodte pron ie: bce en abt anata I3f
to Special Fund for Increase of the Collections, for 1908 ae
to Special Fund for Scientific and Educational Work, for 1908. einai 124
Cox, C. F, eport of the eee for 1907... 0... ee ce eee Itt
Re f the ep aes fOT 1908 vss bak Seiad Oven ee Yeas dete Fe 23
Critical Notes on Ne ite sae Species in the Herbarium of the
ew York Botanical c aGo eaceedouee cas duane oat we need temas evga odes 262
Curator of the Economic Collecuone Honorary. Report for 1907..... 74
eport for 1908's .co bt iad 8 outahadis en sees vig narnia Weems a epee gael x 153
Curator of the Mincuns and Herbarium, Head. Report for 1907...... 37
Report for 1908.0 sepeik a dete sec neonk hae tele: ee edie rad x emulates 148
Deciduous. Arboretum «2 sci 624 .s4hce ete awiadees eee ts ea ees 29, 187
Demonstrations. Lectures ANG. ovis ones tan hades yaw eee ooo eee aces 14
Desert Plants, American: «scp ivecs oi eddea eae ee ae cows acetate 33, 190
Director-in- ee and. Report for 1907.............00000. I
Eport LOT 1908 oo ee eee eee teens eee 115
Director of he Laboratories. Report for 1907........ 20. cece ee eeee 42
isa aua der denned eaten any wanes tears teens Sie ae 157
Drain aee. | ke catsuit ssn deetieee 1 cae Matte awe Canteens 5, 79, 116, 196
Gade AN see hat ies ela aod tate ea cadena aah ee ar aranah red et tce aii ate 116
Driveways. Construction of... 0.0... 0c. cece cece cee tence nee eens 195
vies Garden: echewisvetes eis ces oS ae ee eee Oe cas oe 32, 189
SOUT cps cite penetra any baa eres Ca ates ccs tea teats 38
Equ wipments. Stable; Horses: and 3c e.g Sens eae lesan dea eee eas 199
Expenditures During’ alae "Schedule Ob eal cee toca nee neutralino 103
During-1908.° Schedule ofc js sc ice ateg eo Hct eww a eve w ede eae eee oe 201
Mx ploratiOn. garnet ahi eens tea et etiacetna seme ne naan one seca 15, 131
Fellows: for Life; for 1907.06. 6 sd u bd eis ee oe eee tae te as 88
OF [908 en sien ies Pees Laas Rae Pe Vielen ta ile wale ayele ee cen eee 209
aerate Members, fot 1907 +2032 cute cee bashes bane Dace go
Si ai stan aie bee ee Maud aebeal stat ce aoe svat nte ce tse elaine getewah es 211
Fences. Boundary .......... cece ccc c cece erence teen eeeeeaenes 8, 125
Financial Considerations... 2.0.2.0... cece eee cnet eter eee eeeeeeenes 135
First Assistant. Report 1OP=1907 5 oo oa ea eae ee eas peed wed fe 22
Le et North American 40245 ..0¢8 045 deg d ie eetues eteGrurea ae 25, 142
Flower Garden. Ca Gacialecena hs aetiecgescand atasaroanneasslids ase ete toe 33, 190
Fossil es Museum iscc6en Saas is bee hea eves tuted 38
Fruticetum:* 644.5. tos aay let bas ae eins ee tea eee bad ewe als 29, 187
Gager, C. Stuart. Report of o Director of the Laboratories for 1907.... 42
Garden. ee atory Flower s0sciuie.s dan eescnas ee ec aecean vate 33, 190
ECONOMIC (4.4 chit d bid ac adieie sere eds ote ete mes aes 32, 189
Mo re ee re ee nr ee 32, 189
Gardener, Head. Report for 1907... 1... eee e eee ce eee eee renee 29
port TOF 1908 oon d vias wae ne wee Sa Awe Se Ea eee ee odes 187
General Considerations. . 0.0.0... 2 ccc cence eect een e eect eeteaee 20
Hove Itural One tone Me athe are lhe Deu hacnG an, at Praeesin cave te ars atta » 190
AdING res cde. bhi G sued ele ed Gana cba Males Che ee 4, 78, a4 196
and Draina g@ sissies sack enc eae ewe e se Oh ee Loe Le ak eee eA 116
Regulating ands e043 osc de aeees eee eee nde ewe eas 78, 196
sb ela Walter S. Report of x Accountant, for 1907............ 103
Report of the Accountant. fOr 1908 sss eh acda ewes Cees dae s 201
ae Disapton Janata rateieate pte wasenienanaaiateTe aap aistanunaiaters tae wiernecners 22, 29, oe 187
iohece dire estear ON ca uh earls sha Gatutaies ala avs Man atanass evar enstuaeistmaie a wyaiGveas , 187
apse eens Daa race ie kee yeh ehh Stcaaede tate ave oes . 122
Guides re Guide Books wee nai earescldi as oe tear ears ede AS Se stanted's 14, 130

(520 )

Head Curator of the Museums and Herbarium. Report for 1907...... 37
Report f06 1908 sine yes oe oud eee a OE ee ee ee ee 148
Head Gardener. Report for 1907. ........ 0.02 ccc ee eens 29
POrt 1Or 1908 eo ctieales a a nia aca de daked deka s eee s 187
Heating .and:Power Plant .2 ia gacy kes ca sca cea shee ee Gea De onesie 24, 140
emlock Grove... Thésceeeieaacen sets ees bere eet ane doe ee Rees 10, 122
Herbaceous Grounds. ........ 000s ete eee ne ree ee eee tenes 29, 187
Herbarlay, cgcr< ier yates giacaoe gee eae ee hee UN ate owen arece 149
Herbarium ss cei ci ces ete a te ts ose diate Satan: II, 31, 38, 39, 124, 188
rrange Of these s4o4 san nein waees bee cea ieee ee 39
Labeling; Recording: and. ji<isn es nese seth Soe ecay ore dies 8
Hochreutiner, B. P. G. Critical Notes on New or Little Known Lae

in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.... ......... 262
Howey Curator of the Economie Collections. Report for 1907...... 74
ae for I OB eee ee teen eet n tenes 153
Equipment. -Stables-i0 i460 cvaea ie Sadsaew ci eebe ees 8 199
eric! Operations. pes dag hima dal iiod dokectiy Been acetate wie oe 34, 190
Investigations... 12... eee eee eee eee eee ee 17, 35, 39, 133, 145, i 193
dea ANG ssc ees Gs be aa ee eee » 150

CTS OMA ect elle erect creas ete tas ag Boe cae ee lang eee 145
Lnvestigators and Students, during 1907... 0 1. we ee eee eee eee 46
UTING 1908 ca eset 1h ariel sg eeanenine: we cake aveltbare aoe Me Aka Pe eae 160
Joutn al 2 cree Cette Note ete ied ee aoe Men athe 24, 140
Tra bel ese nsactae cyt, uae name td tee eee ent shen he Caceres 31, 38, 188
| Recording and Herbarium. ji. c0c. cad bb beeeG ees a eines weed 31, 188
els... Descriptive: oc 2..ieat a eared erie ee ees Pa aes 15S
IMATY OPeCl MEN .-4, cess kde cease Pade eats bea A 154

dja DOratorics. tema taete he hIee aee oo gee me anes ata nae ea 13, 12
Léctures.. “Publics. Sanu tats Gh eels he dees eats oes 26, 142
CA a atigh ca yk ON faye nae eh Seale cree a teed tan han dE etait Rea 27, 143
€MONStratiOns so. a. cae ea eds Hears Se Eee a ee eee ee 14, 130
Dibraran, Repo a TORI QO 7 ee eat eae nak aenias eae tin ian Sateen St
Report EGO B aint pers race ct antares eat at ate cena ie etn yn beeicg 164
Y 1 eee ee ea nen ee er are ta ee ee ce ate 12, 125
Life Menee TOK 190785 nce ae ple Eee be bas Sh ee heaton 88
BOOS ecg erate, as rams a eee se eer ade tel centetait Ga etna ae 209
Lily Pools. Conservatory... 0.0.00... 00000200 cece eee eens 33, 190
ae Members, for 1907. ... 2.2.2... 0000 c cece eee eee eee go
OB os gia aan trade he wake Se aoe od deed Sea ee Duet Maas aces 211
Benefactor, POR TOO 7 shitter tee cata give Meadate oetusies etter temioe eee 87
OBA e pensrncser saat eet taste de anil tesee ten ny Sis nee attain ar tie pst 208
Ca to Exploration Fund, for 1907. 2... ee eee ee ee 15
TOPUOOS iia hes haem hen eae ate ats ted cattery Malet cantata Rincs 131
e Special Fund for Increase of the Collections, for 1908.......... 125

o Special Fund A entific and Educational Work, 1908........ 12
Fellows forhifey fOr 19074 c2e2-234 Seo eee nee ae teh Ss oa 88
Tae 1,2) ©) <a eee re ve eT eee rae ee eee 209
Fellowship Members, for 1907. 2.0.0... oe ee eens 90
TOS a er rah a tt eee ten at on Gg a Na ieee teenage tea 2ur
eeeraonees and Students, during 1907............2....00-- 006, 46
QUT TOO 8 a ceces ce, Series aac acy alee ets me hl a oats ece al) 160
Lectures, during 1907. ........00 000 ccc cece tee tee eee eens 26
GUTS 1908 cies ers stars eres ihe ling mie atta eats Ane fon ae ere haacee 142
Life Members, for 1907. 2.2.0... tcc tee eens 88
PORT OOS apse cris acto send ge naaneh oat isore dames aiaeatts tig eruiniad eeeae aaa at 209
a of Plants in the Several Conservatory Houses, for 1907...... 30

(521)

List:
pe of Species and Varieties of Plants in the Several Collections,
or 907 Biotest ates Neen ara a eka ati aah es teen aaveateta at

Masons. Sto
Mechanics. Work Pérformed: DY vin i. ei ei gether ee aan eae
Meetings. Scientific. 22... cc cece cece cece eee e eee tea e teens 27,

Ct ge ee
fOF 1908 cia cick Miu tice Ve ae dae eee Gye Aloe wea dageed cau ewe bee

or es ed steentag mh oun Gates eatin seers ees s oeentaca eeatiat

Merrill, J. L. Report of Special oa FOP 1908 ia ee ece cares aE
ort of Special nn TOP'1008 oie itch agin eu ones tuned tet

Mounting and oe of nae CCIMENSs py cane d eka nd yeas sees na
Murrill, Report of the Assistant Director, for 1908............

Report of the es Aeon fOf 1907 ios saeas. canes one oka cents
Mus

Cable ces aati Bhs as alg OS Soe ile tate arvice Valtatlaa -aiier diver'e cee: thy an Sle iene: cd a aweloes Seats

Nash, George V._ Report of the ae ea raener {OF 1907 23ceeveki es

Report as the Head ea FOP 1908 ccd wa chee pee cheese
Native Plants. Preservation of... 0... 0.0: ee cece cee escent neees 19,
New Species from Bo livia, "Collected by R. 8. Williams—I.............
North American Flora... 0... ccc ccc e tenet eeee 25,
Narsctics Propagating Houses and............ eee ce eee eee eee 30,

Personal Investigations. ... 2.0.0.0: cs cece e cee e teen etter eects 145
Phytogeographic and Taxonomic Study of the Southern California Trees
and shrubs: Asscesccica pigk Pe Goox he a ieweG tad he date nine ee 300
AVS 0 OM Sess cece tether of eA Se See het soto Gee metese eee tee 29, 187
Plantations. Systematic... ccc cece eee cee eee teeter eee eas 187
Heating and Power... 2.6... s cece e cece e eee e eect eens 24
Plants: - American Desert ws oc i649 eee ee oes see ge eee ees 33, 190
and Plantings 6. iculag eee ia ie cea are sae e he ee a Salas 9, 122
Native. seer ed Olive eet aide one ase aa areata 19, 134
PU Ti ie 1S hes hn Sn ee tn als eects, Steere chen a eda Cannes Rope ates ee a 199
Police: Protection) s.00 4 cineca besa Pt ee ok Se pings Hehe eee ae 134
ools, nee Lot Yeo Sate tis. cae sd seach eae eae Lee ee Bi 33, 190
Po nt. Heating ands. fies Boke ets eae de ta gs oe beets 24, 140
Preservation of Native Plants........ 00.0 eee ee cece ee eee n ences 19, 134
Propagating Houses and Nurseries. ... 2.2.0... 0c cee eee eee reece 30, 188
Saga Police: <ss2055 vawedde gee task aiesta tigate tae 134
Publications: cos e6 Wowk sae oe 6 deo oe ORR Oe ae Me ata tas 24, 140
ublic eee hapa tah neha dae a Sealy Sela cestnc nett wee a Peg enna SO aurea 26, 142
Recording and peices Labeling. 64 iawe te ntenw evaaued dace ats 31, 188
Regulating and Grading. 2.2... 1... ce ccc ce eee etnies 78, 196
Accountant, {OF 1907 sos eis teG a ied weed Leia te eae a 103
outst acta eyara dant gue aeyese ste gactan oeh aguante! Gaius oat ete boned. cto 201
Aare is tent ee POD 1008 fee G se rare Wire ttiec reteset nate tar atk ice at 137
Chairman of the Board me ce Directors, for 1907............. 82
eens tee on Patrons, Fellows, and Me mbers, for bas fins aan tts aes 87
Be atic lees denis nh tata hoa eet e Seewieae siaeutie es eheiante ale ey ton were 208
Director “of the Laboratories, for 1907........ 00.00 cece cece teens 42
bop N eee cool et actus piecmesie sey Rath ee enue ae ee tse ck 157
First Asisiant, i 1907 sian ei nase Hee ORS wee eee 22
Hea ans f the Nace and Herbarium, for 1907............ 37
1OP°TQ08 tenia aes ht Gen Sa oaks Sues. Roe haiak agate ees 148
Head oe {OF 1907 o svek wa tw ede a ced Mee i aa eee aa hes 29
for 1908 vache bie is tae dvi aod unwed ere deal oa was 187
Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections, for 1907............ 74
TOIL GOG serie fs esd ore le were Saree etn tay ate ah ate hea eh aaah ahaa 153
eer TOL TOOT: gare eet rceen parca a tee ee cee ee eat ane, Seek ts Gets tie SI
QOS iis ce iutnkre ae ge wy, sais mae ORME rates ncn weld ewe aE oe 164
Secretary and Director-in-Chief, for 1907... 0.0... cece cece cece eee I
908 ois tere sesh Obie Eien ed ubeS be edo ge eiuie wAR a URE 1I5
Special Oadioe TOP1907-25,. 5 Grcsoe oe Me Stns ure on ernst acne cated 114
OS Si iihick tee a4. o ig baa wa aay ace a algae pubes, win Gear aegiwrate eee Sees 226
See ae of Grounds, for 1907........ cee cee cece cnet ae eee 74
OTN GOB ee ioracre testa erage she aha tes ter ceatgtes ye hues Weta questa aa eae on 195
rae ROT LOO tice tag Pe Nicrey ean os Geng ilar Nate ean the, tiny eseees cian Ill
FOR 1908 2 Huck ea sv ecergea wachain ope aiats Win ele Aa en esas gs Ua lecesraroeiain aa pleas 223
eae Seine eden oe er aha feat Oa ees, EN ce AU aN ated tact aad 17, 133
eA Reece St Aten eased a Maa eta aah a eee lee are 2, 77, 118
an ip hs; ‘Construction: Obs... ccacacc tae teaee Gaw nied ieiods o4 118
aa eles AS hea aera pence tied Pe asain eae ae 77
Rusby, H. H. w Species from Bolivia, Collected by R. 8S. Williams—I 487
Report of the chen of the Board of Scientific Directors, for 1907 82
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections, for 1907 74
Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections, for 1908 153
bavwalol emia baat ede Ga ahh Pa dette ats Gas dae Rode til wuetiatdus wapdedee 29, 187
Schedule a ee GUTING 1907. eh kde dae ah Pence oes ans 103
PET OOS sant ta tessa tl mney aear aden nia oka cat ah, cehiemee anne amt esa ama nicers 201
Schiling, * A. Repo rt of the Superintendent . lien for 1907. 77,
f the Superintendent of Grounds, for 1908................- 195

Scholarships. Saas GS merstaat secs er tetetgtete ae love Eee ieee, Oren teaiays ate ect Gok 17, 133
cChool Lectures. 2. eine oa ee cinch wae wes whew ed bee edew Laat 27, 143
Scientific Diecae. Report of the Chairman, for 1907............... 82
Sieh gece tee oat as eh ane Sata Dw ge te anaptetaeae oes aise evar re eta 27, 144
Secretary and Director-in-Chief. Report for 1907...............000. I
CPOrl Or 1908 «ois. sae eeu ates ke Ve eRe la View eee a hee > Its
— J. oF des of the Head Curator of the Museums and Herba-
Bs Fe eae AeA i yar atiad ie, ed an ett de 7
Resort on ae Hed entra of the Museums and Herbarium, for 1908 148
Special Auditor. Report cc tate te aati atebe agen ienee tarere te 4 114
Report for 1908 2... sons ce Uk pide Fae a wate e vag wehbe ab nd bas 26
Cle) Lees ae ee ene ee ore ee eae ee eee 24, 140, 199
Horses - PSGUIP TIEN E23: oe crcpas reste cue tat eae mit oS uct maailie. ices 199
tone Masons = ¢ccactaeaes x os cua eked ies ao sth eines vis aw one eee 198
pert end) Investigators, during 1907............0 eee eee eee ee eee -
cies toh na eecaeuct ate te al meade Aare ede oh Nh Aca gees teens Daa 160
Sustaining Mee TOT LOO 7 2164 Sitn asec rae aera eects 90
PIQ08 ss aioe s Vaated adnate Bo ae eee eee a eee eda 2u1
SG encde Collectionisi: 2s ieasiate tate oa a gi muon nea ace we ete le A Sle tee ar 29
Pete ee
sate Extensions ay oos seswsal ai aed ed oe eds ees 80
STV Ciara ceed a aah at tear Mica ies I creche yea dedilg Gone aise sien anaes tometer se Pies 8, 121
Pee — fOF 1907s hikes ke ew ahcet ee eae eetieta es Iil
Report for 1908 is. c2i.0) aoties wicaad Ratnes ata aera aoe eee eae 223
Viticetum:3i.citidkditete staan ie nee hae sae ents eee aes 187
Water Supplyi ics cold dh wate as eet ie a ee 6, 78, 119
bee! pel 5 olivian Mosses, Part I].......-.-... 000 ee cece eee 227
w Species from Bolivia, Collecte C Dyieteetbae bad cee sunse tock e ot 487

Work | Performed by Mechanics... 2.0... cc eeee eee e cre s eee e een e nee 197

GENERIC INDEX

Abelia, 29
Abies, 30 oe 323, 329
85

S

Acamptopappus, 462, 466, 471
Acer, 312, 31 16, 3

Acrocryphaea, 237

b
2
ise
a=)
fe}
N

5
et ue 314, 316, 317, 320, 372,
AGL, Bice 404, 415
» 51

é 25
Allene, 321, 353, 356
Alnus, 317, 322,

>
ie)
a
°
#

\rctostaphylos, 431, 432, 433, 434

\renaria,

\ristolochia, 501, 502

\rrhostoxylum

\rtemisia, 311, 321,
82

462, 480, 481,

Asagraea, 397, oe

Aster, 469, 470,

Atriplex, He 14 315; 319, 320, 321,
» 355

Audibertia, 443, 444, 445, 446

Aytonia, 2
etree 311, 429, 430

Baccharis, 292, 293, 314, 316, 321,
322, 462, 474, 475, 476
77, 278

atis, 315, 357
ebbia, 319, 321, 462, 477, 478
eloperone, 322, 454
erberis, 359, 360
Ber aa 421, 427
ernardia
Bisclovia, ee 469, 4
Bignon 454

ke

471, 472, 473

elia,

Byrsonima, 277

Calathea, 495, 496
2

, 40, 261
Caprifolium, “is? 458, 459
Capsicum, 285

Carex, 30

Carnegiea, 421, 427
Carphephorus, 477
ee ea, 349
Castanopsis, 311, 342, 349
Catherin nla, 235

» 310, 311, 312, 313, 314,
315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 404, 408,
409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415

Cecropia, 49

62
Cerasus, sa , 383, 384

(525)

Cer ae 322, 387, 388
ala
rco ene Me 320, 372, 375, 376
427

hrysoma, 468, 469, 470, 472
ee othamnus, 311, 321, 462, 471,

473
ence 493

Geis 320, 323, 334, 335
Clematis, 313, 358

r ye wt
me o
e
By
5
ct
>
cs
wv

a
Coleogyne, 321, 372,
Coleosanthus, 321, oe os. 463, 464,

405
Comarostaphiri, 320, 430, 431
Commelin
Condalia, ae yore ie
Cornus, 311, 429
Covillea, 320, 321, 323, 397

Cudrani

Cudranus, 271

Cupressus, 3

Cyclodictyon, 245, 246
ee a 4.

ra, 275
COs 428, 429
Cyphomandra, 285, 286

actylostemon, 278
Dalea, 395, 396, 397
Daltonia, 24
Daphnidostaphylos, 432
361, 362

morphandra, 274

oscorea, 267, 268, 269, 492

otis, 35

placus, 314, 318, 451, 453, 454
470

s wlwivivivelelvivivic)

Drosera, 49, Eve 163

Echinocactus, 320, oy as 426, 427
Ect tropothecium, 255,
Emplectocladus, 384
Encelia, 319, 321, 322, 402, 478, 479,
480
Btee a
a ntodon,
phedra, 518 319, 320, 332,
Epidendru 26 aero
Banca. 314, 317, 319, 321, 322,
462, 468, 469, 470, 471
Pea 311, 313, 439, 440, 441
a 13, 314, 315, 316, 318,
20, 349, 350, 351, 352
En fone ae e
rnodea
on eee 243
Eudioscorea, 268
Eugenia, oe
Ewhymenocallis, 265
2

Exogonium, I41

‘abronia, 24
rae Pi Pe 374

Fionbund ia: 240
‘loscopa, 490

Gaertneria, 319, 320, 321, 322, 459,
60, 461

Grayia, 320, oa 353, 356

Grimmia, 260

Grossularia, 313, 314, 315, 318, 365,
368, 369, 370, 371

Guatteria,

Gutierrezia, ae: 321, 322, 461, 463,

Gymnosiphon, 496
Gynopachys, 290

Halostachys, 356

(526 )

Haplodontium, 229 pier aed) 319, 321, 462, 482
arpalium, 295 Leptobryum, 2
aradiaa 258 Leptodactslon, aa 313, 438, 439
azardia, 462, 474 : ae
edwi 236 Libocedrus, 330
wigi » 236 icanea, 2
steria, 271, 27 ates 270
elianthemum, 420, 421 indigia,
elianthus, 296, Linosyris , a ee gi 473, 482
elichrysum, 29 94 aaron 297,
elicodontium, 244, 24 Tie a, 316, es oes
eFiconie, 494495 Litsaea, 272
mia, 268, 269 Lonicera, 314, 316, 455, 457, 458, 459
oe 333, 334 Loranthus, 271
Heteromeles, 381 Lotus, 392, 393
sbi 1493 Lupinus, 314, 315, 317; 389, 390, 391,
J eteropteris, 277, 278 : ee) :
evea, 155 ycrum, 319, 320, 447, 446, 449, 450
He dei 311, 330 Lyonothamaus, 372, 373
Hibiscus, 416, 419
Heer ee achacium, 415,424
aclura, 2
ofmeisteria, 321, 461, 462 \factomit 40
Holodiscus, 373 2
ookeriopsis, 246, 247 tee
Hosacki 393 1a, 359, 3
SH 268 Malacothamnus, 313, 315, 318, 416.
Hymenocallis, 265 MM Ee ere
ea 319, 320, 459, 460 Ma pighia, ee
Hoos se Ma va, 417, 4
ypopterygium, 24 \ eG a 418, 419
ee 141 ote 251, 252
Tle
ae 320, 435) 437
Japon 5 fetcoriopsis, 248,24
Meteorium, 240
ele 318, ee 321, 363, 364 Micro othamnium, 2 254, 255
oa ygium, 25 Mielichhoferia, 227, 228
imosa, 274
lxora, is 291 Mimulus, 453 454 :
Jacob 454 oe a, uo 284
Josie, 313, 315, 341, 497 : eee
Juniperus, 311, 317, 318, 322, 330, 9] reba i
oe Monstera,
» 207 Myrica, 315, 316, 341

NN 2
Krameria, 321, 322, 388 AN HOcat B24, 500
Kunzia, 318, 321, 372, 378

Nama, 441

Neckera, 241, 242, 251
Lagascea, 2

cemarousa, 287 Nec tandra, 5 508

Lasiogyne Van
Laurocerasus, 382, 384, 406 6
Lavatera, 16 aaa 400, 402, 403
Lebeckia, 275, 276 Sa a ea veur: 322, 333
Leio : Nico a, 447, 450
Lepidium, 321, 363 Nolina, ae 333, 334
Lepidopilum, 248 Notelaea, 284

(527)

Obione, 353, 354, 355

Ocotea, 506, 507

Odo poner 313, 318, 359, 360
Oenothera, 43, “A

Olneya, 323, 3 89, 397

Ophiorrhiza, 38e 284

Opuntia, 319, 321, oe 422, 423, 424,

2
Oreodaphne, 361
Orthodontium, 229
Orthostichidium, 238
Orthostichopsis, 239
Osmanthus, 284, 285
Oxyria, 308
Oxysepala, 269
Padus, 38
Sees 24
Pedinoa 322,

387,
sla 3215324, 389, 395, 396,
397, 51
ey a
Patigonium, 512, 513
Pavetta, 291
Pentstemon, 311, 314, 317, 451, 452,

Parosel

453
>erfono on, 406
Persea, 505, 506
: » 321, 426, 483

Udyv

nlonots, 235 234

lotrichella, 23
nus, 308, 309, 310, 311, 317, 318,
320, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327,

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tcairnia, "263, ee 488, 489
ithecoctenium 287

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ee ee ee 477

62
So aa 235, 236
Pohlia,

um, 236
Populus, 309, 310, 319, 320, 335, 336,

Porotrichum, 242
Potamium, 250,

251
Potamogeton, 3m 138, 193
498

rosopis, 315 ‘ian 322, 385, 386
Prostanthera, 285

Quercus, 311, 315, 316, 317, 318, 342,
343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349

Raimannia, 48

Ramona, 311, boy 320, 322, 441,

tigl , 28
ee 309, 311, 313, 317, 365, 366,
367, 368, 369, 370, 371

Ricinella, 399

(528 )

Ricinus, 399 Symbopetalum, 505
Rigodium, 250 Symphoricarpus, 29, 311, 455, 456,
Robsonia, 371
Romneya, oe matium, 389, 392, 393
Rosa, 314, 3 3: 379, 380, 381, 509 cere 279
Rubacer, Ae 7
Rubus, 151, a a7 374 Taxithelium, 252
Ruellia, 287 Tessaria,
Tet

7
radymia, 3II, 319, 320, 321, 462,
484

Sabina, 331 2, ;
Saccolabi Tetranthera,
Salazania, 320, 441, 442 Thamnosma, 321, 398
Salicornia, 315 ‘7 um, 249, 259
Salix, 309, 311, 319, 320, 335, 337, Tae

338, 339, Tissa,
Salvia, 444, 446 7 Gace 2

ambucus, 29, 311, 455, 456 Toxicodend

Sarcobatus, 321, 353, 357

7 ae ee eo 400
Sarcophyllum, 275, 276 2

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Sine . 315, 317, 441, 442
rophis,
Cende 471

Tia, 399

uloma, 251
Schmaltzia, 400, 401, 402
Schwetschkea, 244

26:

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2 dd aa

Scilla, ‘
Scleria, 263 ee ean ee 361
corpidium, 259 Urostigm
ae 252, oy 254 a -ursi, ens soe yen 431, 432, 433,
Senecio, 299, 316, 462, 485 434
Sericographis, 45
Sericotheca, 309, 315, 372, 373 Vellozia, 267
Sieversia, Ve arr 292
Siliquastram, 387 Vernonia, 29
immondsia, 319, 400 Vetiveria, 262, 263
imsia, 47 iburnum, 29
Sisyrinchium, 269, 493 Victoria, 33, 190
olanum, 447, 448 Viguiera, 294, 295, 297, 319, 321, 362,
Solenomelus, 269
pergularia, 504 Vitis, 313, 416
phacele, 314, 441, 443
Sphaerostigma, 315 W ee 333
eee 260 Wedelia ti
373 Weigela,
een 356 Wei ee 508, 509
quamidium, 239 Ww Ahenac "285
tableria, 229
tenophyllidium, 268 Xa ea 466
tenotopsis, 318, 321, 462, 467 Aerobotry 3
tenotus, 467 Xylo ee 320, 430, 431
Stereophyllum, 243 Xylo osteum,
Strombocarpus, 319, 321, 386 Xylothermia, 314, 317, 389
tryphnodendron, 2
tylidium, 292 Yucca, 319, 320, 334, 335
typhonia, 402
tyrax, 313, 434 Zea, 25, 154
ueda, 357 Zizyphus, 404, 405
vida, 428, 429 Zygophyllum, 397

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