BULLETIN The New York Botanical Garden VoLuME I WITH 12 PLATES AND Two Maps 1896-1900 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN Av 4r Nortu Queen Street, Lancaster, Pa. By THE New Era Printinc Company PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY, LANCASTER, PA. OFFICERS, 1901. PRESIDENT—D. O. MILLS, VICE-PRESIDENT—ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—-CHARLES F, COX, SECRETARY—N, L. BRITTON. BoARD OF MANAGERS, 1, ELECTED MANAGERS, ANDREW CARNEGIE, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, CHARLES F. COX, GEORGE W. PERKINS, W. BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, WILLIAM E. DODGE, SAMUEL SLOAN, JOHN I. KANE, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, D. O. MILLS, SAMUEL THORNE. 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, HON. GEO. C. CLAUSEN THE Mayor OF THE CiTy oF NEW YORK, HON. R, A. VAN WYCK. 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS, HON. SETH LOW, CuHaIRMAN. HON. ADDISON BROWN, HON. MILES O'BRIEN, PROF, C. F. CHANDLER, PROF. H. H. RUSBY, PROF, J. F. KEMP, PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD. GARDEN STAFF. DR. N. L. BRITTON, Divrector-in- Chief. DR, D. T. MACDOUGAL, First Assistant, DR. JOHN K,. SMALL, Curator of the Museums. DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Assistant Curator. GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener. ANNA MURRAY VAIL, Librarian. DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections. COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Superintendent. JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer. WALTER 5S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant. CORNELIUS VAN BRUNT, Honorary Floral Photographer. Members of the Corporation. Dr. TimoTuy F. ALLEN, Pro. N. lL. BRITTON, Hon. ADDISON BRown, Wn. L. BROWN, ANDREW CARNEGIE, Pror. CHas. F. CHANDLER, Wm. G. CHOATE, Hon. EDwarRD COOPER, Cuas. F. Cox, JoHN J. CROOKE, W. BAYARD CUTTING, ROBERT W. DE FOREST, Wn. E. DopnceE, DR. WM. H. DRAPER, Pror. Sam’r, W. FAIRCHILD, GEN. LOUIS FITZGERALD, RICHARD W. GILDER, Hon. THomas F. Ginroy, PARKE GopDWIN, Hon. HuGH J. GRANT, HENRY P. Hov7, ADRIAN ISELIN, JR., Morris K. JESUP, JOHN I. KANE, EUGENE KELLY, JR., ProF. JAMES F. KEMP, Joun S. KENNEDY, Hon. Sxts Low, Davip LYDIG, Epcar L. MARSTON, D. O. MILLs, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, THEO. W. MYERS, Hon. Mines O’BRIEN, GEO. M. OLcoT?, Pror. HENRY F. OSBORN, GEORGE W. PERKINS, JAMES R. PITCHER, Rr. Rev. HENRY C. PoTreEr, PERCY R. PYNE, JoHN D. ROCKEFELLER, Wo. ROCKEFELLER, Pror. H. H. Russy, Wm. C. SCHERMERHORN, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, HENRY A. SIEBRECHT, SAMUEL SLOAN, Wo. D. SLOANE, NELSON SMITH, Dr, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, Louis C. TIFFANY, SAMUEL THORNE, PRoF. L. M. UNDERWOOD, WILLIAM H. S. Woop. TABLE OF CONTENTS. No. z. April 715, 1896. PAGE Act of I I ti I Members of the Corporation 5 Officers and Managers, 1896 ..... 6 Provisions for Patrons, Fellows and Annual Members q List of Patrons 8 Constitution and By-Laws 8 Report of the Secretary for 1895.00.00... ..cccccececscavescuceesenees 10 Report of the Treasurer for 1895 18 Agreement with Columbia University 19 Recent Progress 20 OvuTLine Map oF THE SITE. No. 2. january rz, 1897. Report of the Plans Commission, accepted December 12, 1896.. Report of the Committee on Plans, accepted December 12, 1896. General Plan for the Arrangement of the Museums, adopted June 9, 1896 Provisional Regulations for the Office of Director-in-Chief, adopted June 17, 1896 Amendment to the Act of Incorporation.................060 eevee List of Annual Members to December 12, 1896.............0..04. Address on Botanical Gardens The Diversion of the Bronx River from its old Channel......... GENERAL PLAN OF THE GROUNDS. No. 3. february 15, 1898. Report of the Committee on Plans, submitted and accepted January 10, 1898 Report of the Committee on Patrons, Fellows and Annual Members, submitted and accepted January 10, 1898......... List of Annual Members, January 10, 1898... 0.0.0... .:eeceeeeeees Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for 1896 agebcies Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for 1897.......... ( vii ) 23 47 ( viii ) List of Plants in Grounds and Temporary Greenhouse, 1897... Condensed Financial Statement, June 20, 1895, to January 10, 189% ae Description of the Range of Horticultural Houses, with Illus- tratiON...ccccccecececececececnceeeeecensnensecerensneeeecens ceneeearreraes Description of the Museum Building, with Ilh istration fap of Bronx Park, showing Botanical Garden Grounds and Site appropriated for the New York Zoblogical Park No. 4. April 13, 1899. Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for 1898......... Appendix 1. Accessions of Material Appendix 2. Schedule of Expenditures during 1898 under Appropriations made by the Board of Managers............ Appendix 3. Lists of Plants in the Grounds, 1898............ Report of the Committee on Patrons, Fellows and Annual Members, submitted January 9, 1899, including List of An- nual Members Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections to the Board of Scientific Directors...... igeainnaden ates eae Botanical Contributions: ee of a new Stonecrop from Mexico, by N. L. Brit- re Cespitose Willows of Arctic America and the Rocky Mountains, by P. A. Rydberg 2 rasa Plants of the Southern United States, by John K. Small New Grasses from the Southern United States, by Geo. V. as Reproduction of Photographs taken within the Grounds, Plates 3-8 No. 5. March 30, 1900. Report of the Secretary and Director-in-Chief for 1899 (with Plate Report of the Curator of the Museums Report of the Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections. Report of the Acting Librarian Report of the Director of the Laboratories Report of the Head Gardener 252 (ix ) Report of the General Assistant on the Plantations 337 Schedule of Expenditures during 1899 397 Report of the Committee on Patrons, Fellows and Members... gor Report of the Treasurer 412 Report of the Scientific Directors 414 Botanical Contributions: The Roots and Mycorhizas of some of the Monotropacee, by D. T. MacDougal and Francis E. Lloyd (Plates 10, II, 12) 419 Some new Grasses from the Southern States, by Geo. V. Nash 429 A new 7r¢setum from Michigan, by Geo. V. Nash............ 437 The Genus Bumelia in North America, by John K. Small.. 437 Descriptions of new North American Thorns, by N. L. Brit- ton 447 PUBLICATIONS OF The New York Botanical Garden 1 of the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, Sareea con- taining notes, news and a -technical ase 2 arte interest. Free 1 me bers of the Garden. To others, 1 Fes a a year. [Not o cierea in exchange.] Vol, I, ho viii + 2 25 ce sre 25 figures in text. ull of the New York Botanical Garden, containing the annual reports of the Director- et Chief and other official documents, and technical articles embodying the results of aire carried out in the Garden. Vol. I, x-+-464 pp., 3 maps, and 12 plates, 1896- 3.00. Current numbers free to all members of the Garden ; to others, es ee a copy. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 1. An Annotated Cat- alogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone ‘Park, by Dr. Per Axel Rydberg, assistant curator of the museums. D arrangement t and ¢ ritical discussion of the Pteridophytes and Phanerogams of the region with notes from the ai uthor’s field book and including descriptions of 163 new species. ix + 492 pp. Ray. 8vo, with de- tailed map. rice to members of the Garden, $1.00. To others, $2.00. [Not offered in exchange. ] Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. A series of tech- nical papers written yy students or nantly of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. No. 1. Symbiosis and Saprophytism, by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. No. 2. New Species from western United States, by Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. No. 3. The dichotomous Panicums: some new Species, by Geo. V. Nash. No. 4. Delphinium Carolini d related Species, by Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. No. 5. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora—I, by Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. a No. Notes and Descriptions of North American Plants I and II, by Dr. J. K. Small. No. 7. oe Reproduction and Multiplication in Zrythronium, by Fred- erick H. Blodge No. 8. Two new Species of Grimmia from Montana, by R. S. Williams. No. 9. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora—II, by Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. No. to. atten ee ae . «« ITI, by Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. All subscriptions and remittances should be sent to NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK, NEW York City VOL. I. No. 1. BULLETIN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. CONTENTS: AcT OF INCORPORATION, MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION, . OFFICERS AND pains 1896, PROVISIONS FOR PATRONS, FELLOWS AND Ree MEMBERS,.. List oF PATRON CONSTITUTION AND oe REPORT OF THE ne cea ae FOR 1895, REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR 1895, AGREEMENT WITH COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, . RECENT PROGRESS, . . tot ‘ ‘ OUTLINE MAP OF THE SITE. (ISSUED, APRIL 15, 1896.] OFFICERS, 1896. PRESIDENT—CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, Vice-PRESIDENT—ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—J. PIERPONT MORGAN, SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON. BoARD OF MANAGERS. 4. ELECTED MANAGERS. ANDREW CARNEGIE, JOHN I. KANE, CHARLES F. COX, D. O. MILLS, W. BAYARD CUTTING, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, CHARLES P. DALY, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, WILLIAM E. DODGE, SAMUEL SLOAN, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT. 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. HON. 8S. V. R. CRUGER, THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PuBLIC PARKS. HON. WM. L. STRONG, Tue Mayor oF THE City oF New York. 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS. SETH LOW, Cuarrman. N. L. BRITTON, J. F. KEMP, ADDISON BROWN, ROBERT MACLAY, C. F. CHANDLER, W. GILMAN THOMPSON. BULLETIN OF The New York Botanical Garden Vol. 1. APRIL 15, 1896. No. 1. ACT OF INCORPORATION, As AMENDED BY CHAPTER 103 OF THE Laws oF 1894, APPROVED Marcu 7, 1894. (Amendments of 1894 printed in italics.) CHAPTER 285. AN ACT to provide for the establishment of a botanic garden and museum and arboretum, in Bronx Park, in the City of New York, and to incorporate The New York Botanical Garden for carrying on the same. Approved by the Governor April 28, 1891. Passed, three- fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Seth Low, Charles P. Daly, John S. New- berry, Charles A. Dana, Addison Brown, Parke Godwin, Henry C. Potter, Charles Butler, Hugh J. Grant, Edward Cooper, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Nathaniel L. Britton, Morris K. Jesup, J. Pierpont Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Thomas F. Gilroy, Eugene Kelly, Jr., Richard T. Auchmuty, D. O. Mills, Charles F. Chandler, Louis Fitzgerald, Theodore W. Myers, William C. Schermerhorn, Oswald Ottendorfer, Albert (2) Gallup, Timothy F. Allen, Henry R. Hoyt, William G. Choate, William H. Draper, John S. Kennedy, Jesse Selig- man, William L. Brown, David Lydig, William E. Dodge, James A. Scrymser, Samuel Sloan, William H. Robertson, Stephen P. Nash, Richard W. Gilder, Thomas Hogg, Nelson Smith, Samuel W. Fairchild, Robert Maclay, William H. S. Wood, George M. Olcut, Charles F. Cox, James R. Pitcher, Percy R. Pyne and such persons as are now, or may here- after be associated with them, and their successors, are hereby constituted and created a body corporate by the name of The New York Botanical Garden, to be located in the City of New York, for the purpose of establishing and. maintaining a botanical garden and museum and arboretum therein, for the collection and culture of plants, flowers, shrubs and trees, the advancement of botanical science and knowledge, and the prosecution of original researches therein and in kindred sub- jects, for affording instruction in the same, for the prosecution and exhibition of ornamental and decorative horticulture and gardening, and for the entertainment, recreation and instruc- tion of the people. Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have all such corporate powers, and may take and hold by gift, grant or devise all such real and personal property as may be necessary and proper for carrying out the purposes aforesaid, and for the endowment of the same, or any branch thereof, by adequate funds therefor. Sec. 3. Said corporation may adopt a constitution and by-laws; makes rules and regulations for the transaction of its business, the admission, suspension and expulsion of the associate members of said corporation, and for the number, election, terms and duties of its officers, subject to the provis- ions of this act; and may from time to time alter or modify its constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations, and shall be subject to the provisions of Title 3, of Chapter 18, of the first part of the Revised Statutes. Sec. 4 The affairs of the said corporation shall be man- (3) aged and controlled by a Board of Managers as follows: The president of Columbia College, the professors of botany, of geology and of chemistry therein, the president of the Tor- rey Botanical Club, and the President of the Board of Educa- tion of the City of New York, and their successors in office, shall be ex-officio members of said corporation and of the Board of Managers, and shall be known as the Scientific Dr- rectors; they shall have the management and control of the scientific and educational departments of said corporation and the appointment of the Director-in-Chief of said institution, who shall appoint his first assistant and the chief gardener, and be responsible for the general scientific conduct of the institution. All other business and affairs of the corporation, including its financial management, shall be under the control of the whole Board of Managers, which shall consist of the Scientific Directors, as here’n provided, and of the Mayor of the City of New York, the President of the Board of Com- missioners of the Department of Public Parks, and at least nine other managers to be elected by the members of the cor- poration. The first election shall be by ballot, and held ona written notice of ten days, addressed by mail to each of the above-named incorporators, stating the time and place of elec- tion, and signed by at least five incorporators. Three of the managers so elected shall hold office for one year, three for two years, and three for three years. The term of officers of the managers elected after the first election, save those elected to fill vacancies in unexpired terms, shall be three years; and three managers and such others as may be needed to fill vacancies in unexpired terms shall be elected annually, pursuant to the by-laws of the corporation. The number of elective managers may be increased by vote of the corporation, whose terms and election shall be as above provided; and members may from time to time be added to the Scientific Di- rectors by a majority vote of the Scientific Directors, ap- proved by a majority vote of the whole Board of Managers. The Board of Managers shall elect from their number a Pres- (4) ident, Secretary and Treasurer, none of whom or of the Board of Managers, save the Secretary and Treasurer, shall receive any compensation for his services. Vine corporators shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the incorporators, but a less number may adjourn. Src. 5. Whenever the said corporation shall have raised, or secured by subscription, a sum sufficient in the judgment of the Board of Commissioners of the Department of Public Parks in the City of New York, for successfully establishing and prosecuting the objects aforesaid, not less, however, than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars within seven years from the passage of this act, the said Board of Commissioners is hereby authorized and directed to set apart and appropriate upon such conditions as to the said Board may seem expedient, a portion of the Bronx Park, or of such other of the public parks in the City of New York north of the Harlem River in charge of the said Department of Parks as may be mutually agreed upon between the said Board of Commissioners and the Board of Managers of said corporation in lieu of Bronx Park, not exceeding two hundred and fifty acres, for estab- lishing and maintaining therein by the said corporation a botanical garden and museum, including an herbarium and arboretum, and for the general purposes stated in the first sec- tion of this act. And the said Board of Commissioners is thereupon hereby authorized and directed to construct and equip within the said grounds so alloted, according to plans approved by them and by said Board of Managers, a suitable fire proof building for such botanical museum and herbarium, with lecutre rooms and laboratories for instruction, together with other suitable buildings for the care and culture of ten- der or other plants, indigenous or exotic, at an aggregate cost not exceeding the bonds hereinafter authorized to be issued by the City of New York; the use of said buildings upon completion to be transferred to said corporation for the pur- poses stated in this act. And for the purpose of providing means therefor, it shall be the duty of the Comptroller of the ee) City of New York, upon being thereto requested by said Com- missioners, and upon being authorized thereto by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, to issue and sell at not less than their par value bonds or stock of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York, in the manner now provided by law, payable from taxation, aggregating the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, bearing interest at a rate not exceeding three per centum per annum, and Zo be redeemed within a period of time not longer than thirty years from the date of their issue. Sec. 6. The grounds set apart, as above provided, shall by used for no other purposes than authorized by this act, and no intoxicating liquors shall be sold or allowed thereon. For police purposes and for the maintenance of proper roads and walks, the said grounds shall remain subject at all times to the control of the said Board of Commissioners of the Depart- ment of Parks; but otherwise, after the suitable laying out of the same and the construction of proper roads and walks therein by the Department of Parks, the said grounds and buildings shall be under the management and control of the said corporation. The said grounds shall be open and free to the public daily, including Sundays, subject to such restric- tions only as to hours as the proper care, culture and pres- ervation of the said garden may require; and its educational and scientific privileges shall be open to all alike, male and female, upon such necessary regulations, terms and condi- tions as shall be prescribed by the managers of those depart- ments. Sec. 7. This act shall take effect immediately. MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION. Allen, Dr. Timothy F. Kelly, Eugene, Jr. Britton, Prof. N. L. Kemp, Prof. James P. Brown, Hon. Addison Kennedy, John S. Brown, Wm. L. Low, Hon. Seth Butler, Charles Carnegie, Andrew Chandler, Prof. Chas. F. Choate, Wm. G. Cooper, Hon. Edward Cox, Chas. F. Cruger, Col. S. V. R. Cutting, W. Bayard Daly, Hon. Chas. P. Dana, Chas. A. Dodge, Wm. E. Draper, Dr. Wm. H. Fairchild, Prof. Samuel W. Fitzgerald, Gen. Louis Gilder, Richard W. Gilroy, Hon. Thomas F. Godwin, Parke Grant, Hon. Hugh J. Hoyt, Henry P. jesup, Morris K. Kane, John I. (6) Lydig, David Maclay, Robert Mills, D. O. Morgan, J. Pierpont Myers, Theo. W. Nash, Stephen P. Olcott, George M. Ottendorfer, Oswald Pitcher, James R. Potter, Right Rev. Henry C. Robertson, Wm. H. Rockefeller, John D. Rusby, Prof. H. H. Schermerhorn, Wm. C. Scrymser, James A. Sloan, Samuel Smith, Nelson Strong, Wm. L. Thompson, Dr. W. Gilman Vanderbilt, Cornelius Wood, Wm. H. S$ OFFICERS, 1896. President, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Vice-President, Andrew Carnegie, Treasurer, J. Pierpont Morgan, Secretary, N. L. Britton. Boarp or Manacers, 1896. 1. Elected Managers. Andrew Carnegie, Charles F. Cox, W. Bayard Cutting, Charles P. Daly, William E. Dodge, John I. Kane, D. O. Mills, J. Pierpont Morgan, James A. Scrymser, Samuel Sloan, Cornelius Vanderbilt. ea) 2, L£x-Oficto Managers, Hon. S. V. R. Cruger, the President of the Department of Public Parks. Hon. Wm. L. Strong, the Mayor of the City of New York. 3. Sccentefte Directors. Seth Low, Chairman. N. L. Britton, J. F. Kemp, Addison Brown, Robert) Maclay, C. F. Chandler, W. Gilman Thompson. PROVISIONS FOR PATRONS, FELLOWS FOR LIFE AND ANNUAL MEMBERS. 1. Patrons. The contribution of $5,000 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the person giving the same to be a patron of the Garden. ‘The number of patrons is lim- ited to one hundred. 2. Fellows for Life. The contribution of $1,000 or more to the funds of the Garden at any one time shall entitle the person giving the same to be a Fellow for Life of the Garden. The number of such Fellows is limited to five hundred. 3. Annual Members. Annual members shall be elected by the Board of Mana- gers. They shall pay a fee of $1o. Patrons, Fellows for Life, and Annual Members are en- titled to the following privileges : 1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers, either at the Garden or elsewhere. 2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of Managers. 3. A copy of all handbooks published by the Garden. 4. A copy of all annual reports. LIST OF PATRONS. J. Pierpont Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbelt, John D. Rockefeller, D. O. Mills, Addison Brown, Wm. E. Dodge, Jas. A. Scrymser, Chas. P. Daly, Oswald Ottendorfer, Samuel Sloan, George J. Gould, Helen M. Gould. John S. Kennedy, William Rockefeller, James M. Constable, Wm. C. Schermerhorn, Esther Herrman, Jas. R. Pitcher. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. The provisions of the act of incorporation approved April 28, 1891, as amended by Chapter 103 of the laws of 18094, approved March 7, 1894, are in pursuance of Section 3 of said act, adopted and form a part of this Constitution. ARTICLE Il. A President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected yearly by the Board of Managers from their number in the manner provided by section 4 of the act of in- corporation; and the persons so elected shall respectively be the President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Managers and of the corporation. Vacancies in either of said offices may be filled by the Board of Managers until the next annual election. ARTICLE III. The Scientific Directors and the Board of Managers may respectively appoint such other persons and such committees to aid in the performance of the duties and business of their respective departments as they shall deem best. (9) ARTICLE Iv. The Scientific Directors and the Board of Managers are each authorized to adopt such by-laws, rules and regulations in their respective departments as shall be approved by them respectively, and also to change or amend the same from time to time; and the same when so adopted by them, shall be deemed the by-laws, rules and regulations of the corpo- ration. ARTICLE V. Associate members may be admitted, suspended or ex- pelled in the manner provided for by the rules adopted by the Board of Managers. ARTICLE VI. Patrons, life members and annual members may be created by the Board of Managers and admitted upon the payment of such sums as shall be approved and established by the Board. ARTICLE VII. Amendments to this Constitution not incompatible with the act of incorporation may be made by a vote of four-fifths of the members present at any regular meeting of the incorpora- tors, or at any special meeting called for the purpose by the Secretary, upon the direction of the President, on ten days’ prior notice by mail of such meeting and of the proposed amendments. BY-LAWS. I. The annual meeting for the election of managers shall be held on the second Monday in January. A notice of such meeting shall be mailed by the Secretary to each of the incor- porators at least ten days previous. The number of elective managers may be increased by vote of the corporation at any annual meeting, and also at any special meeting called upon the recommendation of the Board of Managers, upon like no- tice, and with notice of the proposed increase. (10 ) Il. At all meetings of the corporation the President shall pre- side ; or, in his absence, the Vice-President. III. The Secretary shall give notice of the meetings of the cor- poration, and take and preserve the minutes thereof, and shall perform such other duties as usually pertain to the office of Secretary. , The Treasurer shall collect, receive, invest and disburse the funds of the corporation as directed by the Board of Man- agers. Iv. The election of Managers shall be by ballot. All other votes at meetings of the corporation may be taken viva voce, unless a ballot be demanded by some member, whereupon the vote shall be taken by ballot. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR 1895. The Board of Managers elected February 12, 1895, has held meetings on March 21st, May 7th, June 18th and Octo- ber oth. The Managers met for organization on March 21st, and elected the following officers: President, Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt. Vice President, Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Treasurer, Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan. Secretary, Prof. N. L. Britton. They appointed the following Finance Committee: Messrs. Vanderbilt, Morgan, Daly, Dodge, Cox, Carnegie and Scrymser. They approved the previous action of the Scientific Directors, adding Prof. W. Gilman Thompson to that Board. In accordance with the power given them by the Corporation they elected Mr. Samuel Sloan a Manager for the term of three years and Mr. Wm. C. Schermerhorn a Gh Manager for the term of two years. Mr. Schermerhorn, feeling obliged to decline this office, Mr. John I. Kane was subsequently elected in his stead. They referred the exami- nation of the site of the Garden to the Scientific Directors. At the meeting of May nth! the President stated that the subscriptions to the Endowment Fund had reached $238,000, and the Secretary reported that the Scientific Directors were in consultation with the Commissioners of Public Parks rela- tive to the land to be selected. On June 18th the President, reporting for the Finance Committee, stated that the sum of $250,000.00, required by Act of Incorporation, had been fully subscribed, as follows: Columbia College, i Pierpont. Moreatly. aeicpani-neniesuecenead. 25,000 Andrew Carnegie, aan pee oes 25,000 Cornelius: Vanderbilt.¢.0:2csnaie, aa eiaues 25,000 John D. Rockefeller,............ 0.06. . +. 25,000 DO Malls. aeetaseen hae eae ain oe 25,000 Hon. Addison Brown, ......... 0652 ce eeee 25,000 Wm. E. Dodge, ..........- 2.00 ee eee 10,000 Jase. Pie SCV MSeh vay yotesawatiaayead ads 10,000 Wm. C. Schermerhorn, .. .......--. 0000s 10,000 Hon. Chas. P. Daly,.......... 0.2.45. 5,000 Oswald Ottendorfer, ....... 0.00.06. see aee 5,000 Samuel Sloan, .........6. cece eee cece 5,000 George | Gould, -sitiseeaseneeesene: ... 5,000 Helen M. Gould, ............--.-5- .. oe. 5,000 Johns: Kennedys esisrseeey Sexson 5,000 Wm. Rockefeller,..... ...... cee eeee . +. 5,000 Arnold, Constable & Co.,........00 ceases 5,000 Moris: KR. Jesup. wh. ah eaybia. bec eeoee 2,500 Mrs. Melissa P. Dede ees Lee. ee = 000 Tiffany & Co., ......-. Bieta eae, sees 1,000 Hugh N. Camp,.... 0.00.) cee oe oe 500 (12) Also a subscription of $5,000 by Jas. R. Pitcher, to be paid in plants. The Chairman of the Scientific Directors reported that after consultation with the Commissioners of Public Parks the northern part of Bronx Park had been selected as the most desirable site for the Garden. The following resolutions were then adopted : i. WuEREAS, The Endowment Fund of $250,000 called for by the Act of Incorporation has been fully subscribed, Ltesolved, That the President be, and is hereby, directed to notify the Board of Commissioners of Public Parks of this fact, and to ask them to set apart 250 acres of land in Bronx Park for the use of the Botanical Garden, as required by said Act, and to request the Board of Estimate and Appor- tionment to authorize, and the Comptroller to issue $500,000 of the Stock of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York for the purpose of erecting suitable and adequate buildings thereon. 2. Lesolved, That it be referred to the Scientific Directors of the New York Botanical Garden, with power, to agree with the Department of Public Parks as to the 250 acres of Bronx Park to be assigned to the uses of the Garden. 3. Resolved, That a Special Committee of Five, consist- ing of the President, the Secretary, the Chairman of the Board of Scientific Directors, Mr. W. E. Dodge and Judge Brown, be and hereby is appointed, with power to agree with the Park Board as to the plans for laying out the Garden, and with power to obtain or agree upon with the Park Commis- sioners plans for the buildings, and if they deem it necessary to engage, for a period not exceeding six months, the services of a Superintendent of the Garden. 4. Lesolved, That whenever the Park Commissioners have set apart the land in Bronx Park for the uses of the Garden, the President be, and is hereby, directed to certify the fact to the subscribers to the Endowment Fund, and to notify them that their subscriptions are binding, in accordance with the (13) terms thereof, and that thereupon a call be made upon the subscribers for the payment to the Treasurer of 50 per cent. of their subscriptions. 5. Resolved, That the Finance Committee be and hereby are directed to invest the moneys paid in as above mentioned in their discretion, so as to earn income from which to pay expenses as they may hereafter accrue. 6. Fesolved, That the Finance Committee be, and they are hereby, directed to continue their efforts for the increase of the Endowment Fund, and with power to make a general ap- peal to the public, by means of circulars and newspaper arti- cles, as they may deem proper. The President notified the Commissioners of Public Parks of the adoption of the first of these resolutions on June rgth, and on July 31st the following action was taken by the said Commissioners : ‘« Resolved, That the Commissioners of Parks approve the selection of the site for the Botanical Garden in Bronx Park, and, as authorized by Chapter 103 of the Laws of 1894, hereby appropriate two hundred and fifty acres or less for that pur- pose, as shown and described on map No. 568, dated July 26, 1895, signed Calvert Vaux, Landscape Architect, and Samuel Parsons, Superintendent of Parks, provided that the restrictions for the protection of the hemlock grove and the lines as drawn and approved be consented to by the Trustees of said Botanical Garden.” The restrictions referred to in the above resolution are as follows : ‘¢That no cutting down or pruning of trees, no planting, cultivating or laying out any portion of the reservation termed on accompanying map of Bronx Park ‘Hemlock Grove,’ shall be undertaken by the Botanical Garden authorities, except in the presence of and with the consent and direction of a duly deputed representative of the Department of Public Parks.” «« That the preservation of the natural beauty of the Hem- lock Grove may be fully maintained in case a difference of ( 14 ) opinion should arise in regard to any proposed method of treat- ment of said grove, the power of final decision shall rest with the Department of Public Parks.” On October 23d the Commissioners of Public Parks adopted the following resolution : ‘«¢ Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportion- ment be respectfully requested to authorize the Comptroller of the City to issue bonds to the amount of $500,000 in the man- ner provided by Section 1 of Chapter 103, Laws of 1894, amending Section 5 of Chapter 285, Laws of 1891, for the construction and equipment of the buildings, etc., required for the purposes of the Botanical Museum, Herbarium, etc., described in the law cited, to be established on the grounds allotted therefor in Bronx Park.” The following resolution was adopted by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment on October 30th: ‘¢ Resolved, That pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 285 of the Laws of 1891, as amended by Chapter 103 of the Laws of 1894, the Comptroller be and is hereby authorized to issue bonds in the name of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York, to be known as ‘Consolidated Stock of the City of New York,’ as provided by section 132 of the New York City Consolidation Act of 1882 to an amount not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000), redeemable within such period as the Comptroller may deter- mine but not more than thirty years from the date of issue and bearing interest at a rate not exceeding three per cent. per annum, the proceeds of which shall be applied to the prelimi- nary expenses necessary for making surveys, plans, etc., for the Botanical Museum, Herbarium, etc., described in said law, and referred to in the resolution of the Board of Parks, relating thereto, adopted October 23, 1895.” On August 13th the President of the Board of Managers notified the subscribers of the action taken by the Board of Parks, and called on them for 50 per cent. of their subscrip- tions to the Endowment Fund. (15 ) At the meeting of the Board of Managers, held October gth, the Treasurer reported that $85,000 of the Endowment Fund had been paid in. On the recommendation of the Sci- entific Directors the following appropriations were made for the purposes specified : For a survey and map of the site, ........ $2,000.00 For electrotyping and printing,............ 20.00 For the planting of atemporary nursery,.... 500.00 For labelling the larger trees of the tract,.. 500.00 For the use of the Scientific Directors,.... 250.00 For the purchase of a collection of seeds for planting. so0 wee te ck anaes 5.00 The -following resolutions, adopted by the Scientific Di- rectors at a meeting held August 1gth, were reported: WuereEas, The Board of Commissioners of the Depart- ment of Public Parks have, in accordance with the request of the New York Botanical Garden, allotted and set apart for the uses of said Garden, two hundred acres of land or less in the northern part of Bronx Park, as shown upon a map thereot numbered 568 and signed by Messrs. Vaux and Parsons, and filed with said Department of Parks; and WHEREAS, By the terms of said allotment certain restric- tions are imposed against cutting down on pruning trees or making other changes in the ‘*‘ Hemlock Grove” included in said two hundred and fifty acres, except as in said allotment provided; therefore Feesolved, That the said allotment with the restrictions, as aforesaid, be and they hereby are adopted and accepted. The following action was taken: WHEREAS, The Board of Scientific Directors have re- ported the foregoing preamble and resolutions as to the allot- ment of grounds: Resolved, That the action of the Scientific Directors is hereby approved and ratified, and that the allotment of grounds for the Botanical Garden as made by the Department of Parks (x6 ) be, and the same hereby is, accepted, with the restrictions as in said allotment provided. The Board of Managers also adopted the following resol- utions at this meeting : Resolved, That the honorable Commissioners of Public Parks be, and they hereby are, requested to cause the extension of the driving road in the Mosholu Parkway across the New York and Harlem Railroad into Bronx Park; or, in case this should be impracticable at the present time, to indicate, to the Scientific Directors of the New York Botanical Garden, the point at which said driving road will enter Bronx Park, over a bridge, across said railroad, when constructed, in order to facilitate the laying out of the Garden. Fesolved, That the said Commissioners be, and they hereby are, requested to cause the construction of the drive- ways in the area set aside by them for the New York Botanical Garden in Bronx Park, in accordance with Section 6, Chapter 285, Laws of the State of New York for 1891. Lresolved, That the said Commissioners be, and they here- by are, requested to consult and agree with the Special Com- mittee of the Managers on plans and buildings of the Garden, and relative to the positions and character of the roads. The Special Committee of the Board of Managers on Plans and Buildings has not yet completed its report, but consider- able progress has been made. The character, position and interior arrangement of the museum building and glass houses have been studied, the position of the driveways and entrances have been largely determined under advice from the late Mr. Calvert Vaux; the drainage of the tract and the relations to be perserved between the natural and artificial landscape fea- tures have been considered. It is hoped that these studies will be sufficiently advanced to permit the erection of at least one building, the construction of part of the road system, and of some permanent planting during the coming year. The Scientific Directors have held meetings on May 8, May 24, August 19, 1895 and January 9, 1896. They were (17) occupied during the spring and summer, with the selection of the site for the Garden, and their action in this matter has been above reported. On August 26, they contracted through a committee, with Mr. A. H. Napier, Civil Engineer, for a topographical survey of the tract, and a map drawn on the scale of fifty feet to the inch, with five foot contours. Unfore- seen difficulties in the field work of this survey, and the un- timely death of Mr. Napier, have delayed the completion of this map, but it is now finished, and was submitted to the Directors on January gth and accepted. It will form a satis- factory basis for all work in developing the Garden. The preparation of a seal for the Garden was referred by the Managers to the Directors, and this is being considered by a committee. The educational work of the Garden has been fairly in- augurated in two ways: 1. By the labeling of the larger trees standing in the area by a committee of the Scientific Directors. There are not fewer than 500 of these, of about 4o different kinds, excluding those forming the Hemlock Grove. About 100 have been labeled, and labels are ready or in process of making for some 200 more. The labels have been observed with interest by the large number of persons who visited the Park during the au- tumn. The work of affixing them may go on more rapidly on the approach of warm weather. 2. On the authorization of the President of the Board of Managers, arrangements were made with Dr. D. Morris, As- sistant Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew, who was in New York for a few days on his way to the Bahamas, to de- liver an illustrated lecture on ‘* The Rise and Progress of the Royal Botanical Gardens at New, England.” Through the kind codperation of the President of the American Museum of Natural History, this lecture was delivered in the large lecture hall of that institution on the evening of December 17. It was enjoyed by an audience of about 550 persons. Very respectfully submitted, N. L. Brirron, Secretary. ( 18 ) REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR 1895. New York BotanicaL GARDEN IN ACCOUNT WITH J. PIER- PONT MorcGan, TREASURER. 1895. June 20, Arnold Constable & Co.,...... $5,000.00 Aug. 17, James A. Scrymser, ............ 5,000.00 19, Wm. Rockefeller, Rese eaatana sien 2,500.00 ‘19, Tiffany & Cow, oo. ceceeseeeeeeee . ‘6 19, Wm. E. Do ge 5,000.00 *¢ 19, Mrs. Melissa Pp, Dodge, ........ 1,000.00 *¢ 20, Miss Helen M. Gould, ........ 2,500.00 ‘6 21, Cornelius Vanderbilt, 12,500.00 ‘24, Hug AMP, -rcececceeeeesces 250.00 ‘6 26, John 8. Kennedy, isasdiheateay 2,500.00 ‘© 26, Wm. C. Schermerhorn, ........ 5,000.00 ‘© 24, John D. Rockefeller, 12,500.00 “¢ 628, Morris K. Jesup, ...............05 1,250.00 “© 28, George J. Gould, ...........0... 2,500.00 Sept.12, D. O. Mills, 12,500.00 ‘66 42, Samuel Sloan, .........ce eee ec eee 2,500.00 Oct » J. Pierpont Morgan, 12,500.00 ‘6 14, Oswald Ottendorfer, ............ 3000.00 BS John McL. Nash, Treasurer eae ck > Trustees Columbia College, 5 . Nov. 27, Addison Brown 500.00 Dec. 21, Andrew Carn negie 12,500.00 “34, Int. on Credit Balances @2%, 679.04 Jan. 13, Mrs. Esther Herrman, ......... 5,000.00 $133,679.04 Oct. 31, aa a L. Britton, Sundry $196.30 Dec. 4, es 'N. L. Britton, Sundry Bills 8. Jan. 2, eee a L. Britton, Sundry ed 79-84 ees $133,003.96 $133,679.04 Balance carried down, ......... $133,003.96 E. & O. E., New York, January 13, 1896. J. P. Morean, Jr. For J. Pizrpont Morcan, 7reasurer. (19 ) AGREEMENT WITH COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. THIS AGREEMENT, made at the City of New York, this eighth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninet;- six, between THE New York Botanica, GARDEN, party of the first part, and THe TRusTEES OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE in the City of New York, party of the second part, Witnesseth, That THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE have agreed and by these presents do agree to deposit the Herbarium and Botanical Library belonging to the College (except such minor part thereof as it shall deem necessary for undergraduate instruction at the College) with the New YorK Botanical GARDEN, at the request and for the use of said Garden, upon the considerations and for the purposes and subject to the conditions following : 1. That the officers and students of Columbia College may freely consult and use the same as heretofore, as well as the Library and Herbarium collected by the Garden, and that both the Library and Herbarium of the College shall be kept satis- factorily insured by the Garden. 2. That Columbia College, either alone or in codperation with other institutions, may conduct university courses at the Garden for graduate or advanced students in botany and kin- dred subjects, which shall be free to their own students, and, as the authorities of the Garden may prescribe, to students at the Garden or from other institutions; that the reasonable use of the laboratories and floral material from the Garden needed for study shall also be available to such officers and students without charge, subject to any necessary regulations by the authorities of the Garden. 3. That all courses of instruction given at the Garden shall likewise be open to the officers and students of Colum- bia College without charge; and so far as reasonably prac- ticable, botanical material needful for study shall be sup- plied to Columbia College for undergraduate work, as well as to other colleges, the public schools and other public educa- ( 20 ) tional institutions, subject to the regulations of the Garden authorities. 4. That students studying at the Garden who are not ma- triculated students of Columbia College or of any other col- lege, may be admitted without charge, on the request of the authorities of the Garden, to such courses at Columbia as said authorities may recommend and the College approve. 5. That the Columbia Library and Herbarium and all accessions thereto made by the College or in its behalf, while on deposit at the Garden shall be kept distinguishable from the Library and Herbarium of the Garden, by such means as shall be approved by the College, so as to be easily separable in case of removal. 6. That Columbia College reserves the right to retain or to recall at any time so much of its Herbarium and Botanical Library as it may deem necessary for use in undergraduate instruction. 7. That either party may terminate this arrangement on one year’s notice to the other. RECENT PROGRESS. The Committee on Plans have submitted specifications for the Museum Building to eight firms of architects, and have called for plans and estimates from them not later than May 15th. They have commissioned three other firms to submit plans and estimates for the first horticultural house at the same time. They have made progress with the general plan for the development of the tract, and have arranged for the plant- ing of a screen of trees along the northern side of the Garden, bordering the New York and Harlem Railroad, during the present month. The Board of Managers, on the recommendation of the Scientific Directors, have purchased the extensive herbarium of Mr. J. B. Ellis, of Newfield, N. J., containing some 75,000 specimens of fungi. This valuable and unique collection, together with a considerable number of botanical books, also ( 21 ) obtained from Mr. Ellis, has been brought to New York and deposited in a fireproof warehouse to await its transferral to the Museum Building. Mr. W. Bayard Cutting has been elected a member of the Board of Managers. The Endowment Fund has been increased by $10,000 by the generosity of Mrs. Esther Hermann. The Committee on Annual Members have issued a circular containing the provisions printed on page seven of this BuL~- LETIN, to about five thousand persons. The lectures in codperation with the American Museum of Natural History, inaugurated by Dr. D. Morris on Decem- ber 17, 1895, will be followed by others. Two are arranged for April: Lecture No. 2: ‘‘ Natural Scenery and Landscape Gar- dening,” by L. H. Bailey, Professor of Horticulture in Cor- nell University, on Saturday Evening, April 11th. Lecture No. 3: ‘Illustrations of the Desert Flora of South- ern California,” by Frederick V. Coville, Chief of the Di- vision of Botany, U. S. Department of Agriculture, on Satur- day evening, April 18th. MAP OF SITE APPROPRIATED BY THE Commissioners of Public Parks FOR THE New York Botanical Garden. a Lard : : : sz S Z 204 ee | NOTES.—The shaded line indicates the boundary of the area. Bed- ford Park Station is on the New York and Harlem Railroad, about twenty- two minutes from Grand Central Station. This map has been prepared under the authority of the Scientific Directors; it is reduced one-half from a copy of the map filed with the Commissioners of Public Parks, by Messrs. Vaux, Landscape Architect, and)/PARsons, Superintendent of Parks. { dale panoply, omar VOL. I. No. 2. BULLETIN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN CONTENTS: REPORT OF THE PLANS COMMISSION, ACCEPTED DECEMBER 12, 1896, . REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PLANS, ACCEPTED DECEMBER I2, 1896, . GENERAL PLAN FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MUSEUMS, ADOPTED JUNE 9, 1896, ‘ PROVISIONAL REGULATIONS FOR THE OrFicr oF D1IRECTOR-IN-CHIEF, ADOPTED JUNE 17, 1896, AMENDMENT TO THE ACT OF INCORPORATION, List oF ANNUAL MEMBERS TO DECEMBER 12, 1896, . ADDRESS ON BoTANICAL GARDENS, Tue DiveERSION OF THE BRONX RIVER FROM ITS OLD CHANNEL, GENERAL PLAN OF THE GROUNDS. (ISSUED, JANUARY 1, 1897.] OFFICERS, 1896. PRESIDENT—CORNELIUS VANDERBILT VICE-PRESIDENT —ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—J. PIERPONT MORGAN, SECRETARY—N. L, BRITTON. BoARD OF MANAGERS. 1. ELECTED MANAGERS. ANDREW CARNEGIE, JOHN I. KANE, CHARLES F. COX, D. O. MILLS, W. BAYARD CUTTING, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, CHARLES P. DALY, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, WILLIAM E. DODGE, SAMUEL SLOAN, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT. 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. HON. SAMUEL MACMILLAN, THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS. HON. WM. L. STRONG, THE MAyorR OF THE City OF NEW YORK. 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS. SETH LOW, CHAIRMAN. ADDISON BROWN, ROBERT MACLAY, Cc. F. CHANDLER, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, J. F. KEMP, L. M. UNDERWOOD. DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF. N. L. BRITTON. BULLETIN The New York Botanical Garden Vol. 1. JANUARY 1, 1897. No. 2. REPORT OF THE PLANS COMMISSION. (Submitted November 30, 1896.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw Yor« Boran- ICAL GARDEN, Gentlemen: Ata meeting of your honorable board, held June 17, 1896, the following resolution was adopted: Fesolved, That the preparation of the general plan of development be referred to a commission, consisting of the Director-in-Chief ; Mr. R. W. Gibson, architect of the museum building; Mr. John R. Brinley, civil and landscape engineer ; Prof. Lucien M. Underwood, of the Scientific Directors; Mr. Samuel Henshaw, landscape gardener, and a representative of Messrs. Lord & Burnham, architects of the horticultural houses, with instructions to report to the Board in the autumn. Mr. Lincoln Pierson, Secretary of the Lord & Burnham Co., was delegated by that firm as their representative. On October oth the Commission met in conference with your Committee on Plans, and presented the general plan in an outline form, for suggestions. After consideration and slight modification, the Committee approved the plan and directed the Commission to complete it, and transmit to the Board, together with an explanatory report. The Commission would, therefore, submit the following report and the accompanying plans, which include: ( 23 ) ( 24 ) 1. A plan showing the positions, and the amount of space occupied by the several elements ; and 2. A map showing the proposed systems of subsoil and surface drainage, grading, water supply and sewerage. It was determined to submit the design in this divided form, in the belief that a single plan, in which all these features were embodied, would be too complicated for ready reference. 1. General Considerations. Your Commission has endeavored to preserve the natural features of the tract so far as possible without prejudicing the location of driveways, buildings and the scheme of planting, and it is a matter of congratulation, we believe, that all the general natural features of the area have been found to lend themselves to the artificial improvements without any loss of beauty or effect. Portions of the tract are abun- dantly supplied with trees, and where the driveways are plan- ned through these portions it has been found necessary to sacrifice certain of the trees, but every effort has been made, by studying each individual tree affected, and by establishing the driveways so as to avoid perfect and healthy individuals, to save these, while poorer ones have been selected for re- moval. Ata very few points the grades necessary, and the rounded character of the curves which are imperative in a public park, have necessitated the selection of trees for re- moval, which we would have been glad to retain, but the number so selected is so insignificant, as compared with the total number, that we feel that they need not be seriously con- sidered, especially as all of them are abundantly represented at other points in the Garden. Access to the site of the Garden is now obtained: 1. By means of the Harlem division of the New York Central & Hudson River Railway at the Bedford Park Station, located immediately on the western margin of the Garden. 2. By a trolley line on Webster Avenue, one block west of the western edge of the Garden, extending north to a point (25 ) opposite Bedford Park Station, running south to Harlem Bridge, and connecting with the trolley systems of all that part of the city lying north of the Harlem, and will doubtless be extended to Williamsbridge, or beyond. 3. By the trolley cars on the Bear Swamp Road, which run from West Farms to Mt. Vernon and pass the whole Garden site a short distance to the east. 4. By the Southern Boulevard, which is a fine driving road and which intersects the Park. 5. By Newell Avenue, which approaches the site from Williamsbridge. When other streets are opened to the north and east of the Park, and the driveway in the Mosholu Park- way is carried over the railroad, access for both conveyances and pedestrians will be materially increased. It will thus be seen that the area has every desirable fa cility for ready accessibility, and we may expect that this will be taken advantage of by many thousands of people in the near future. With this consideration in mind, the Commission has planned to so place the several elements of interest, the drive- ways and paths, as to effect a ready distribution of crowds of people and large numbers of vehicles. The Commission has not been unmindful of the economic features of the plan, but has sought to so arrange that there shall be a minimum of waste in the expenditure of money as the development pro- ceeds, having especially in mind the desirability of avoiding temporary construction, but hoping to make every step of progress a portion of the complete institution. 2. Entrances. It is evident that for some years, at least, the principal foot entrances will be at Bedford Park Station and at the Mosholu Parkway, and that the Mosholu Parkway will furnish the principal driving entrance, as it is a portion of the Park sys- tem extending from Pelham Bay to Van Cortlandt. As the districts east and north of the Park are built up, the Garden ( 26 ) will doubtless be approached by many from these directions. We have planned entrances as follows, beginning at the south- western corner. 1. The Southern Boulevard, already built. 2. The Bedford Park Station. 3. The Mosholu Parkway driveway and paths. 4. A footbridge at Scott Avenue, about midway between the Mosholu Parkway and the northern border of the Garden. 5. Provision for space for another railway station at the northwestern corner of the tract. 6. Driveway and path approaches from Williamsbridge at Newell Avenue. 7. A foot entrance on the eastern side about fourteen hun- dred feet south of the northern border, 8. Driveway and path approaches from Bleecker Street on the eastern side. . A foot entrance about one thousand feet south of Bleecker Street. 10. Driveway and path approaches at the extreme south- eastern corner of the tract. 11. A driveway and path approach from the part of Bronx Park lying south of the Garden tract, at the Lorillard Man- sion. 12. A foot path and entrance from the part of Bronx Park situated south of that portion of the Garden tract west of the Bronx, near the river. 13. A foot path and entrance from the part of Bronx Park situated south of that portion of the Garden tract west of the Bronx, at the Herbaceous Grounds. 14. The Southern Boulevard approaching from the south. It is believed that the entrances are sufficiently numerous. In fact, for reasons of economy in gatemen, we have felt that they were almost too numerous, but it is not probable that they will all be brought into operation at once, and the construc- tion of numbers 5, 7, 9, 12 and 13 may be deferred for some time. (27 ) Gatemen’s shelter houses should ultimately be placed at all the entrances. 3. Borders. We advocate the ultimate construction of a stone wall around the entire tract, except along the southern boundary, where the land adjoins the rest of Bronx Park, with suitable posts and pillars at the entrances. The character of this wall should be rough, and it may be partly built of material taken from several different ledges and from the loose stones which are abundant in certain parts of the park. At the entrances themselves this construction should be somewhat more formal, and the posts or pillars should be of cut stone. The height of this wall should not exceed five feet. The border plantations should effect in great part a screening of the tract from the surrounding region, leaving points of view from without, care- fully selected with regard to the surroundings. These border plantations would thus, for the most part, be formed of rather high growing trees, flanked on the inner side by shrubbery suitably grouped, and their average width, when complete, should not be less than fifty or sixty feet. The southern bor- der, from the Southern Boulevard to the Bear Swamp road, along which the Garden land abuts against the other land of Bronx Park, should be excepted from this treatment, and the Park and Garden land allowed to blend. 4. Driveways. The general system of driveways for the portion of the Garden lying west of the Bronx was planned by the late Cal- vert Vaux, shortly before the sad accident which caused his death. We have carefully studied this proposed system and have found no reason to differ from it essentially, except on one line which we have moved about three hundred feet to the north to effect a better connection with the driveway system east of the Bronx, which Mr. Vaux did not study, than his original suggestion would have accomplished. To this plan ( 28 ) of Mr. Vaux we have added a system of driveways east of the Bronx. The system, as thus unified, may be described as follows: The Southern Boulevard, already constructed, is to be treated as a park road; the portion of the tract lying south of the Southern Boulevard to be provided with a driveway forty feet in width, commencing at a point on the Southern Boule- vard three hundred feet east of the railway, and ending on the Boulevard again, where it curves to the south, following very closely the present surface of the ground, necessitating very little grading except where it re-enters the Southern Boulevard, where some filling will be necessary; a broad plaza is planned in front of the Bedford Park Station, to allow a liberal space for carriages and pedestrians as they enter or leave the trains; the driveway in the Mosholu Parkway to be carried over the railroad at a heigth of about eighteen feet above the tracks, and approached from the Garden side by a drive- way forty feet in breadth, which must rise on an embank- ment; this, we presume, will be the most notable driving en- trance to the park for many years; the continuation of this driveway to the Southern Boulevard at the bend of the latter to be forty feet in breadth; the plaza in front of Bedford Park Station to be connected with this driveway by a forty-foot road, and also with the Southern Boulevard by another piece of road of equal width; all this driveway system in the vicin- ity of Bedford Park Station follows nearly the present surface of the ground, with the exception of the embankment ap- proach to the Mosholu Parkway already alluded to. A longitudinal driveway system for the portion of the park west of the Bronx is effected by means of a thirty-five to forty foot road, commencing opposite Bedford Park Station, on the con- nection of the Mosholu Parkway with the Southern Boule- vard, and extending to the northern end of the tract, following the natural surface very nearly, except where it crosses a de- pression at present containing a bog which is described below in this report, and which the commission recommends ( 29 ) be occupied by a lake; here we recommend the construction of a stone bridge, on arches, about roo feet long and 14 feet high. The road entering from the parkway connects with this longitudinal system by a driveway 4o feet in width, run- ning north nearly parallel with the railway tracks, about 100 feet, crossing the bog at a level lower than that of the rail- way, thus permitting the almost complete masking of the trains from vehicles, and ascending beyond the bog to the plateau selected for the fruticetum, thence curving to the east, crossing this longitudinal system, continuing to the east across the Bronx over a stone bridge, about 300 feet long and 20 feet high, and continuing in general the same direction to the eastern side of the park at Bleecker Street entrance, No 8. A longitudinal system east of the Bronx is accomplished by carrying the northern end of the longitudinal system west of the Bronx over the river on a short stone bridge at a point near the northern end of the tract, connecting with the Newell Avenue entrance, thence extending southerly along the river to the driveway above described as running from the fruti- cetum to the Bleecker Street entrance, and continued south through the arboretum to the southeastern corner of the area; a connection between this road and the Lorillard Mansion, lying just south of the Garden tract, is effected by an already ex- isting road. A driveway 30 to 35 feet wide commences at the bend of the Southern Boulevard, and runs through a val- ley just east of the first horticultural house, expanding into a large plaza opposite the dome, to join with the longitudinal system west of the Bronx; finally, a plaza is proposed im- mediately in front of the new railway station suggested at the northwestern corner of the Garden. It is recommended that all these driveways be of Telford- McAdam construction, built of from io to 12 inches of large stone, about 4 inches of smaller stone, with a top-dressing of screenings, and that they be provided with grass gutters along their whole length, except at a few points where the steeper grades will not permit of this feature. Co) 5. Paths. The system of paths has been designed with a view to ef- fect the ready distribution of crowds of people to the several portions of the Garden, and their width varies from 10 to 25 feet. It is assumed that it will be desirable to keep people to the paths as much as possible through the decorative grounds, but that this restriction will not be rigidly enforced, for the present at least, through the pinetum, the deciduous arbore- tum, the fruticetum, or the forest areas; in these tracts there will be no immediate danger of destruction by permitting visitors to wander at will, but experience has shown that, even with the permission, there is a strong tendency to keep to the paths when they are once built. This consideration has led us not to propose as extensive a path system through these portions of the ground as we should have done if a more rigid restriction to the paths had been necessary. Two features of the path system demand special notice: 1. The straight formal approach to the front of the Museum Building, where a central path and two lateral parallel nar- rower paths are suggested, the central one to be used as a driveway on special occasions, but ordinarily as a walk. 2. The broad curving path connecting the Museum Build- ing with the First Norticultural House. It is recommended that the whole path system, with the exception of that portion of it extending through the Hemlock Reservation be also built on the Telford-McAdam plan, with about five inches of larger stone and three inches of smaller stone on top, including about one inch of screenings. The paths through the Hemlock Grove should be of gravel. Further allusion to the position of paths will be made in discussing the general features of the deciduous arboretum, the pinetum and the fruticetum. 6. Buildings and their Locations. Acting on general instructions from your Committee on Plans, the Commission has provided locations for buildings as follows : (3h. 1. The Museum Butlding.—This, as determined by your Board from designs submitted by Mr. R. W. Gibson and ac- cepted, is to have a front of about 304 feet, with two equal lateral wings, their total completed length about 200 feet, depth 50 feet, and acentral feature projecting beyond the main struc- ture, both to the front and rear. The decision of your Com- mittee on Plans, reported to your Board on March 4, 1896, and adopted, to place the museum building on the elevated land about 1,000 feet east of Bedford Park Station, has been very carefully considered by your Commission, and the whole Garden tract has been again carefully and repeatedly studied to learn if any better site was available. Several different suggestions were informally received by the Commission and critically considered. But after this study and a consideration of the other elements of the problem your Commission unani- mously decided that the site selected is incomparably better than any other within the tract. It provides the desirable fea- tures of proximity to Bedford Park Station and to the Mosholu Parkway ; an unexcelled soil for foundations ; its altitude above the surrounding land provides unsurpassed facilities for drain- age and a very commanding position. It will permit the erection of the edifice with plenty of room between it and the drive- ways, and will allow of nearly double the dimensions of the Museum in the future, even after the lateral wings shall have been completely built. It also permits of so placing the heat and power house that this shall serve both the Museum and the First Horticultural House, an advantage which will permit of very economic administration of these important features ; the plateau on which it is planned to rest does not necessitate an unreasonable amount of grading, as little perhaps as we could hope to expect in a region so diversified. 2. The First Horticultural House. We recommend that this be erected on a plateau lying in front of Bedford Park Station and distant from it about 1,300 feet, its central en- trance distant from the central entrance of the Museum Building about 900 feet. This site was selected after long ( 32 ) study and the decision to adopt it was unanimously reached by the Commission on account of the ready possibility of heat ing the house from the common power house above mentioned, its proximity to the railroad station and to the Southern Boule- vard, the abundant tree growth all around it which permits a very beautiful treatment, enough large and perfect trees to partially mask the building and protect it from winds being already in position, a perfect system of drainage being se- cured, and withal a conspicuous position. It is believed that this will be one of the most beautifully located glass houses in the world. The design submitted by Messrs. Lord & Burn- ham, and accepted by your Board on June 17, 1896, has been slightly modified to fit this site, its front elevation remain- ing the same, while the wings have been changed in position, but the amount of space afforded in the two designs is very nearly the same, providing now for two half courts, each to contain ultimately a tank for aquatics. We regard the original design as considerably improved. The area of this house will be about one-third the aggregate area of the glass houses at the Royal Gardens at Kew, England. 3. Heat and Power House. This structure is located al- most between the Museum and the First Horticultural House, and distant from each of them about 300 feet. The boilers will be placed at a lower elevation than the basements of either building, so as to afford an upward slope for the connecting steam pipes. Ii will be a low building, most of it below the surface of the ground, and will be almost surrounded by standing trees, so that its chimney will be inconspicuous. It is so planned as to permit of future extension. 4. Director's House. A residence for the Director-in- Chief is located east of the Bronx within the deciduous arbor- etum, on high ground, distant from the river about 500 feet, and from the easterly edge of the Garden about 500 feet. 5. Head Gardener's House. This is located within the edge of the forest border east of the First Horticultural House, and distant from it about 200 feet. ( 33 ) 6. Second Gardener's House. This is located near the easterly border of the Garden, in immediate proximity to the propagating houses and nurseries. 7. Propagating Houses.—These have been located very near the eastern border, on land sloping to the south and pro- tected from the north and west by a dense fringe of standing trees. The cold frames and nurseries are in immediate prox- imity, it being regarded as highly desirable that all the work of propagation should be concentrated on a limited tract and at a place in the Garden removed from ready access by the visiting public. 8. Stable.—A stable and accompanying wagon sheds are planned near the Bleecker Street entrance on the east side of the park, convenient to the nurseries and propagating houses. g. Rain Shelters.—It is deemed desirable that provision for refuge from sudden showers, additional to the large build- ings, should be made, and points for three rustic buildings have been selected. 10. Four Closet Groups are planned for positions as in- dicated on the map, in proximity to the sewers. 11. Second Horticultural House.—A second glass house of greater area than the one above described, is planned for future construction on land south of the Southern Boulevard, to be partially surrounded by the pinetum. This may be heated from the common power house. 7. Specimen Trees. In planning the positions of roads, paths and planted areas, careful attention has been given to the preservation of all the perfect and healthy standing trees possible. The areas to be treated as forest will be subsequently described. In the sys- tematic planting of the pinetum, the deciduous arboretum and the decorative grounds, these specimen trees have been kept, even if they came into positions not demanded by the arrange- ment adopted. The arrangement of the deciduous arboretum has been so adapted that in many cases they come in place. ( 34) 8. Decorative Grounds. The tracts about the buildings and most of the entrances, some 25 acres in all, are treated from a purely decorative standpoint, with no attempt at scientific classification. The details of the planting of these areas can be worked out to the best advantage after the roads and paths are built and the buildings erected. The general features proposed are in- dicated on the plan. 9. Pinetum. It is recommended that the southwestern portion of the tract be devoted to the collection of coniferous trees, the soil and exposure of this land being admirably adapted to their successful cultivation. It is very little wooded at the present time, and the tree growth now upon it is, for the most part, unimportant. We have designated a number of specimen trees now standing there for retention. ‘The pinetum will be intersected by the Southern Boulevard and by the proposed driveway and path system south of the Southern Boulevard. It will be bounded on the east by the area recommended for the herbaceous grounds, and on the north by the decorative grounds about Bedford Park Station and in front of the Mu- seum Building. We find that between go and 100 species of coniferous trees can probably be successfully cultivated in our latitude, and the tract admits of placing these in a nearly natural sequence, allowing for from two to five permanent in- dividuals, the larger ones to stand not less than 100 feet apart. In the planting of the pinetum it is recommended that a num- ber of trees, at least four times in excess of the total number planned as permanent, be planted, in order that a selection of the best individuals may be made as the plantation grows. The detailed grouping and relative positions of the different species are indicated upon the plan. The area taken is about 30 acres. 10. Deciduous Arboretum. We recommend that the part of the tract east of the Bronx ( 35) be devoted to the collection of hardwood trees, with the ex- ception of an area toward the southern end reserved for forest, a narrow fringe of trees along the Bronx extending north about to the present ‘‘ Blue Bridge,” and an area in the north- ern part of the tract reserved for open meadows. The tract remaining is much diversified in character, affording a great variety of soil and exposure, and is in places rather densely wooded, in other places meadow. We find that about 275 species of deciduous trees, exclusive of some 40 others which, while sometimes trees, are small and hence best treated as shrubs in the fruticetum, may be expected to grow in our lati- tude, and allowing a large number of fine specimen trees, already standing in this area, to remain, that they can be so located in a nearly natural sequence as to allow two or three permanent individuals of each species. It is here recom- mended, as in the case of the pinetum, that the primary plant- ing be much in excess of the number planned for permanent trees. The arboretum will be intersected by the longitudinal road system east of the Bronx for its entire length, and also by the transverse driveway ending at Bleecker Street. The path system has been so planned as to bring individuals of every natural family into view, and representatives of most of the families will also be in view from the driveways. The arbore- tum will surround the director’s house, the second gardener’s house, the propagating houses, the stable, the nurseries and the Economic Garden. Its area is about 70 acres. It is recommended that the change of this tract from its present condition to a completed arboretum be effected very gradually, and that comparatively few standing trees be re- moved until the planted arboretum trees have grown to a con- siderable height, each particular case to be treated from a consideration of its immediate surroundings. By retaining the large number of specimen trees which the plan calls for, and applying the above recommended treatment, the tract, which already supports some 30 species of trees, will always ( 36 ) be beautiful, and the standing trees will supply very desirable protection to the new ones as they grow up. 11. Fruticetum. The plateau west of the Bronx, bordered on the south by the present bog, on the west by the New York & Harlem Rail- way, and on the north by the bog garden, is selected as a most desirable tract to be devoted to the systematically planted collection of shrubs. It is structurally a terrace, the upper soil being two or three feet of loam, the lower portion to the depth of at least 12 feet is a coarse gravel. There are no trees worthy of permanent preservation growing upon it. We find that about 850 species of shrubs, exclusive of numerous other species, which are on the border line between herbs and shrubs, or else are low woody plants, and which we plan to grow in the herbaceous grounds, may be expected to thrive in the open in our latitude. We have carefully assigned space for each of the families, following a nearly natural sequence, arranged in a curving line around and through the middle of the tract, leaving considerable areas of greensward between each family. The arrangement is thus very elastic, permit- ting nearly double the space which we have allotted to be ultimately devoted to each family, without disturbing the na- tural sequence. The systematic grouping of the shrubs in the fruticetum does not in any way contemplate their rejection in the plant- ing of the arboretum; and it is proposed that the paths and driveways in the arboretum be bordered, to a greater or less extent, by shrubs of the same natural families as the trees in their immediate vicinity, planted, however, not for speci- mens, but mainly for landscape effect. The fruticetum is intersected by a portion of the longi- tudinal driveway system west of the Bronx, by the transverse system extending from the Mosholu Parkway to the Bronx and Bleecker Street, and by paths so located in relation to the planting that all the genera of shrubs cultivated shall be easily (37) visible from them. The space selected measures about 15 acres, 12. Viticetum. The cultivation of either herbaceous or woody vines, either in the herbaceous grounds or in the fruticetum, is regarded as difficult, owing to the amount of labor necessary in preventing them from growing over or shading other plants, and we re- commend that all vines be grouped together in a collection by themselves, the climbing and twining ones placed on arbors, poles and walls, and the trailing ones given space to spread at will. We have located this viticetum to the east of the northeastern portion of the First Horticultural House, in a tract which provides open space for the sun-loving species, and shade for those which require it. Much of this collection will be visible trom the driveway running to the east of the the First Horticultural House, and all will be seen from the paths which extend northward from the First Horticultural House to the site of the proposed lake. This grouping of the vines for systematic presentation will in no way prevent their use in decorative effect elsewhere in the Garden. 13. Herbaceous Grounds, Space for the systematic collection of herbaceous plants has been selected in a glade at the southern end of the tract, lying about 200 feet east of the Southern Boulevard, and bordered to the east by the present forest. The tract, except for a border of trees to the west and the forest border to the east, is without trees at the present time. It is a meadow sloping from a brook which runs longitudinally through it, bordered by some marshy land, to the forest border on the east and the fringe of trees separating it from the pinetum to the west. Rock edges occur on both sides of the tract. The site, therefore, provides opportunity for aquatics, for marsh plants, for meadow plants, for hillside plants, for rock plants, and for those which demand the shade of the forest. By ( 38 ) means of a critical study of the existing surface, and a slight modification of the position of the brook, we have been able to arrange the families in natural sequence, and to provide soil and exposure desirable for every species which will prob- ably exist in the open in our latitude. Abundant space for each group is assured, together with a large margin of safety. The brook which intersects these herbaceous grounds, while flowing most of the year and fed by springs, is sometimes dry in summer, and in order to effect a constant flow we have planned to turn into it the waste water from the First Horti- cultural House, which is to stand on a plateau immediately at the head of this valley. A further supply of water for this brook may be obtained from the overflow from the rockery. The area of the Herbaceous Grounds is about 8 acres. 14. Rockery. In addition to the facilities for growing rock-loving plants afforded by the edges of the herbaceous grounds, a rockwork is planned for the cultivation of such, mainly for decorative effect, and in locating this we have taken advantage of a ledge of gneiss extending from a point about 200 feet east of the southern side of the First Horticultural House southerly to a point east of the herbaceous grounds. This affords both sunlight and shade in any proportion which proves desirable. In order to utilize the river water for the rockery and for the herbaceous grounds, we have planned to place a water engine on the Bronx below the gorge to pump water to a small tank situated on a ledge in the forest, which will supply plenty of pressure for distributing the water along the rockery and through the valley to the south and west. 15. Bog Garden. There are large numbers of trees, shrubs and herbs whose natural habitat is in bogs, swamps or marshes, and while some of these will grow if cultivated on dry soil, they will all thrive better if grown in their natural habitat. With this con- (39 ) sideration in view we have devoted a portion of the low land near the northwestern end of the tract to a bog garden, and have supplied abundant space for the successful cultivation of all such plants as will exist in the open in our latitude. It is recommended that no strictly systematic arrangement be at- tempted here beyond the grouping of species of the same genus. Approximately 5 acres are planned for this feature. 16. Lakes and Ponds. It is recommended that the bog, now occupying the de- pression between the elevated land for the Museum site and the fruticetum, be excavated to a depth of about six feet and made into two lakes, separated by the longitudinal driveway system west of the Bronx; the surface of the westerly lake to be established at a slightly higher level than that of the east- ern one, and the surface of the eastern one to be about two feet above the level of the Bronx, when the river shall be lowered to effect the necessary drainage of the northern part of the tract. These lakes may be fed by two streams now running through the Mosholu Parkway ; one of these streams, which takes its rise in the lost water from the Williamsbridge reservoir, runs at present into the bog and supplies a constant stream of sufficient volume to keep both lakes full. With this brook properly protected and enclosed in a pipe, an efficient water supply would be obtained. The other stream in the Mosholu Parkway rises in the Parkway, a mile or so from the Garden site, and flows through the Parkway for its entire length; it is at present diverted into the Webster Avenue sewer. It supplies a larger volume of water than the one above described, and we have found, by leveling, that it runs under Webster Avenue at an altitude about two feet higher than that of the culvert under the New York & Harlem Rail- way, which carries the first stream described into the Garden. As this second stream rises within the Parkway, and the Park- way furnishes most of its watershed, it is not liable to contami- nation at the present time, and will be less liable as the city’s ( 40 ) sewerage system is extended to the land bordering the Park way. We, therefore, recommend that a pipe connection be made from the point where this stream flows under Webster Avenue, to the culvert above mentioned; the two streams, thus united, would yield a very abundant water supply for these lakes. In case any serious contamination of these streams should take place, the lakes may be fed from the city water supply, as in Central Park. A small pond is planned for the bog garden, as shown on the map, as part of the drainage system. Two ponds for hardy aquatics are located on the eastern side of the Bronx, south of the transverse driveway. The total water area, exclusive of the Bronx, is about 6 acres. 17. The Bronx. It is recommended that the Bronx River be lowered about two feet from the Lorillard Mansion to the northern end of the Park, by removing about two feet of stone from the top of the mill dam at the Lorillard Mansion, in order to effect the successful drainage of the northern part of the site, to reduce the amount of back water in the valley in the vicinity of the present ‘‘ Blue Bridge,” and to permit the establishment of the lake levels, as above described, all of which is necessary to insure good sanitary conditions in the park and the surround- ing country. The mill dam was erected by the Lorillard family in order to provide water power for tobacco and snuff mills at the southern end of the gorge. Its usefulness for this purpose has long passed away. and it is at present a very un- natural feature. The lowering of the dam, as above indicated, will cause a narrowing of the stream for a distance of about 800 feet south from the present ‘‘ Blue Bridge,” and will per- mit the beautifying of the eastern bank of the river along that stretch, which at present is occupied by overgrown swamps and back water pools, the western side being formed by the Hemlock Forest. We regard the present water level of the dam, with its straight front, as altogether out of place in the (41 ) surrounding landscape, and much would be gained by restoring the stream to a condition nearer its natural one. We, there- fore, recommend that, instead of simply lowering the dam, there be built up against it, in front of the fall, an irregular pile of rocks, the tops of some of them projecting above the upper water level, which would break up the even character of the present fall into a foaming cascade, which would be in har- mony with the forest and much more beautiful than the present unnatural mill dam. Above the ‘Blue Bridge” the banks of the river will require some attention from time to time, and a part of its reach through the northern meadow may ultimately be advantageously walled, but a judicious planting of trees and shrubs, in addition to those now in position, will probably pro- tect the banks at most points. A small amount of dredging is apparently indicated as desirable by the soundings at points above the ‘‘Blue Bridge,” but no great amount is evidenced. The lowering of the water will be beneficial to certain of the trees in the immediate vicinity of the banks, by relieving them from a surplus supply of moisture which they now en- dure. There have already been a number of trees, killed by drowning and by the action of ice on their roots, removed from the valley. Through the meadows at the northern end of the site the Bronx at high water now occupies two channels, and it is recommended that it be restricted to one, which will be feasible when the stream is lowered as above described. 18. Economic Garden. A collection of plants selected on account of their useful products has usually found place in botanical gardens, and we regard the feature as a desirable one. The collection should be grouped as far as possible by the products, and this will be also largely in their relationships from a botanical standpoint ; the tract recommended for this collection lies within the de- ciduous arboretum, east of the Bronx, in a glade devoid of trees and with excellent soil; a maximum space of about one ( 42 ) acre has been selected, and the paths so located as to make it readily accessible. 19. Permanent Nurseries. It is recommended that the permanent nurseries should be used primarily for the cultivation of species not readily obtain- able from the numerous commercial nurseries of the vicinity, and especially for the culture of species designed for the sys- tematic plantations, and for experimental purposes. Plants which are to be used in very large quantities for the decora- tive grounds and borders can mostly be obtained from the commercial nurseries for a less expenditure of money than if cultivated in the Garden. With this fact in mind we have not provided a very large space for permanent nurseries, regard- ing about two acres as sufficient for the purpose, taken in con- nection with the large extent of border plantations, which can be temporarily utilized as nurseries for most of the woody plants. Temporary nurseries may also be planted at other points, as desired. As noted under our discussion of propagating houses, we have placed the nurseries in the immediate vicinity of these structures. 20. Forest Areas. The areas occupied by forest at the present time are in our plan left almost wholly undisturbed. ‘They are: 1. The Hemlock Grove Reservation, together with a belt of forest bordering it to the west, 2. A small area of hemlocks on the eastern side of the Bronx and at the southern border of the Garden. 3. An area of swampy woods on the west side of the Bronx to the east of the fruticetum; this will be completely drained by the lowering of the river. We regard these forest areas as very important features to preserve. Their total area is approximately 65 acres. 21. Meadows. In our discussion of the decorative grounds and the frutice- tum allusion has been made to tracts of greensward, and much ( 43 ) additional space for grass plots will be found in the pinetum and deciduous arboretum. In addition to these we propose to retain the present meadow land bordering the bog garden and the Bronx at the northern end of the tract, and to increase it somewhat by reclaiming several acres of swampy land now overgrown by coarse herbs and shrubs. This, however, can not be properly accomplished without first lowering the water in the Bronx. The area of this tract is about 10 acres. 22. Water Supply. It is proposed to have a complete system of piping to reach not only all the buildings, but also all roads, walks and plan- tations. This can best be accomplished by tapping the 36- inch water main which runs through the Park, at a point nearly in front of the proposed site of the Museum Building, with an 8-inch pipe, and continuing the same to the power- house. From this 6-inch branches are taken: (1) to the Museum Building; (2) to the First Horticultural House along the loop-road, and thence to the pinetum in the south- western part of the tract and to the region in front of Bedford Park Station, thence northerly along the driveway running parallel with the railroad to the fruticetum and to the intersec- tion of this driveway with a longitudinal driveway system west of the Bronx, where it closes on branch 3; (3) along the longitudinal driveway west of the Bronx to the northern end of the Garden, across the Bronx to the Newell Avenue entrance, thence southward along the longitudinal driveway east of the Bronx to the bridge, at which point it connects with another 6-inch main. From the intersection of the road north of the proposed lake a 6-inch branch is taken across the Bronx, and so on to supply the Director’s House, the propa- gating houses, the nurseries ; from this main, connection may be made to the Lorillard Mansion. All these pipes are lo- cated along the proposed roads, rather than under them; they are so arranged that hydrants can be placed along the road- sides at intervals, so that by using hose any parts of the roads, walks and plantations can be reached. ( 44) As bearing on this subject the following letter is filed: DEPARTMENT OF PuBLic Works, Commissioner's Office, 150 Nassau STREET, NEw York, July 14, 1896. N. L. Brirron, Esa., Director-in-Chief, N. ¥. Botanical Garden, 41 East 49th Street. Dear Sir: J am in receipt of your letter of 11th inst., referring to mine of the 7th, and beg to say that as the 36- inch water main near Bedford Park is the only one at present convenient to Bronx River Park, there is no objection to fur- nishing a reasonable supply of water from that main for the New York Botanical Garden, and this Department would ap- prove a proper plan for making connection with the main for that purpose. Very respectfully, Howarp Payson WILDs, Deputy Commissioner of Public Works. 23. Sewage Disposal. The Williamsbridge sewer, recently constructed, affords ample opportunities for connections from any part of the grounds. It is proposed to run an 8-inch sewer from the First Horticultural House past the Museum Building, connecting with the Williamsbridge sewer just before this leaves the Gar- den; a branch from this 8-inch pipe serves the head gardener’s house, and another the Museum Building; a subsequent con- nection may readily be made with it to reach the Second Hor- ticultural House, planned for the tract south of the Southern Boulevard. A six-inch sewer is proposed to connect the director’s house, second gardener’s house, propagating houses and stable, with the pipe-sewer running from Sheridan Street to the Bronx, where this empties into the Williamsbridge sewer. 24. Grading. For so large a tract of land, and considering the roughness of the country, comparatively little grading will be required. (45 ) The buildings, roads, walks and bridges have been so lo- cated as to necessitate the least amount of work. Some little grading will have to be done at the site of the Museum Build- ing, but the materials from here will all be needed to bring the road in front of the building high enough to obliterate the embankment over the thirty-six-inch water main which runs through the property at this point. At the site of the First Horticultural House there will be hardly enough excavating to make the necessary filling. The approaches to the two proposed bridges will require considerable filling; but in one case portions of the earth excavated from the proposed lakes will be brought into play, in the other there will prob- ably be enough filling obtained from the grading of the roads located nearby. 25. Surface Drainage. By a system of catch-basins and underground drains we propose to carry all the surface water from the roofs, roads, walks and other areas to the nearest water courses. The catch basins are located at intervals along the roads and at other points where necessary to prevent all washing and the forming of pools. The drain pipe should be not less than three feet under ground and not less than six inches in diameter. 26. Subsoil Drainage. In connection with the surface drainage a system of sub- soil drains has been planned, the object being to reclaim all swamp lands, except those needed for the bog garden, and to keep the roads and walks through the meadows in a per- fectly dry state. The pipes used in this work should be porous tile with col- lars, what are known as subsoil drain tile; they should be placed from two to four feet under the present surface. It will readily be seen by studying the plans that to ac- complish the desired result it will be necessary to lower the water in the Bronx as heretofore referred to. In connection ( 46 ) with this work all the swamp holes should be filled with good soil, and portions of the surface roughly graded as indicated on the accompanying plan, so as to lead the surface water to the catch basins planned in connection with the drains. 27. [NMuminating Gas. The gas supply for the buildings and driveway lamps may be obtained from the main in the Southern Boulevard. 28. Reserve Areas. Areas which may be adapted to special features other than those here discussed, may be found: (1) In the forest border between the Herbaceous Grounds and the Hemlock Grove; (2) In the region in the rear of the Museum Building; (3) In portions of the meadow land at the northern end of the park. The foregoing report is presented as a general description of the accompanying plan, and of its several elements. This plan has purposely been prepared in a very elastic way, in order that it may readily accommodate itself to modifications in detail, as the development of the Garden proceeds. The detailed treatment of the several portions should be made the subject of separate plans, drawn to at least twice the scale here used, and these may be elaborated when the general plan is approved. It will be apparent that the tract is most admirably adapted to all the purposes for which it is to be used, both from the scientific side of the institution, and for ‘‘the entertainment, recreation and instruction of the people.” Respectfully submitted, N. L. Brirron, Director-in- Chief. R. W. Gisson, Architect. Joun R. Brintey, Crvil and Landscape Engineer. Lucien M. UNDERWoopD, Professor of Botany, Columbia University. SAMUEL HensHaw, Landscape Gardener. Lincoin Piserson, Secretary, Lord & Burnham Co. New York, November 30, 1896. ( 47 ) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PLANS. Submitted December 14, 1896. To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEW York Borani- CAL GARDEN: The Standing Committee on Plans, to which was referred the report of the Plans Commission, dated November 30, 1896, respectfully reports its approval of the provisional plan sub- mitted by the Commission for the development of the Garden, with the recommendation that it be adopted. During the work of the Commission this Committee has been kept constantly informed of its progress, and has been from time to time informally consulted on various important points. From this previous knowledge, as well as from the Commission’s printed report and accompanying maps, and from repeated inspection and study of the grounds, this Com- mittee would express its approval both of the work of the Commission and of its methods. A botanical garden is a combination of various different elements. No one person would probably claim to be an ex- pert in all; nor can any one botanic garden be taken as a simple model for another. Each is a special study, having reference to its site and topography. In our case, especially from the diversified character of the ground, frequent and careful study of it on the spot was indispensable. This has been obtained from competent experts in the various depart- ments, who, being employed here, were able to give, in the fullest degree, constant personal attention and repeated in- spection on every point. Besides this, the Committee has sought the advice of the persons in this country believed to have had the most experience in such enterprises, so far as they were accessible to the Committee; while several of its individual members, during the past five years, have en- deavored, by repeated visits to the principal gardens of Europe, to obtain the benefit of the widest experience there. In Mr. Vaux, for planning the road system, we have had the highest ( 48 ) expert skill. Mr. Olmstead’s valuable aid, which was first sought, could not be obtained, in consequence of his illness and absence in Europe. There are three main divisions of the general plan upon which some brief observations may be pertinent, viz.: the location of the driveways; the location of the buildings, and the allotment of grounds to the different departments. 1. Zhe location of the driveways. ‘The most important of these, viz.: those on the westside of Bronx River (with a minor exception) were planned and located by Mr. Vaux, as above stated. They were his last work. His location of the roads has largely controlled the plan of all the other landscape designs. 2. The location of the buildings. Practically there was but this alternative: either to group the principal buildings together, at the extreme southerly end on the ground adjoin- ing that of St. John’s College; or to separate them by plac- ing the Museum and the first glass house upon the central elevations, as shown upon the plan submitted, reserving the southerly site for a second glass house hereafter. The grouping plan would be preferable where the buildings are not likely to be visited by large masses of people; but it is wholly inadmissible when such masses are to be anticipated. During the last summer 400,000 people visited Kew Gar- den in one day. Some day a like number of visitors must be expected here. To make possible the proper management and proper supervision of such masses, and to prevent them from becoming dangerous to each other and destructive to the Garden, an easy and natural division of any such crowds, by a separation of the buildings of most interest, is a prime necessity. This was the one point most strongly insisted upon by Dr. Morris, of Kew, on his visit to our grounds last Spring, on being made acquainted with our original plan. As founder of many botanic gardens under the direction of Kew, he has had probably a greater experience in such undertakings than any other man in the world. His advice was followed by this Committee in a former report, ratified (49) by your Board; and the Plans Commission on reéxamination has strongly sustained this same arrangement. 3. The allotment of the grounds gives: (a) For the buildings, with their decorative approaches and surroundings, about,.......... .oececcccec eens cane en es 25 acres (b) For the pines and other coniferous trees, say go to 100 species .1e. 30 acres (c) For the deciduous trees, about 275 species 7O acres (d) For natural forest, mostly undisturbed, including the Hemlock Grove 65 acres (ce) For shrubs and small trees 15 acres (f£) For herbaceous grounds for plants arranged scientifi- cally 8 acres g) Bog garden at the northerly end, 5 acres (h) Lakes and ponds, exclusive of the Bronx River,...... 6 acres (i) Meadows at the northerly end, reserved,............... IO acres (j) Various provisions for aquatics, vines, rockeries, etc. This affords a satisfactory division of our allotted area ; and if more ground should be desired for forestry, as has been recommended by some experts, the adjacent lands to the south would afford a connected extension of the forest grounds, either under the administration of the Park Com- missioners or under the Garden management, should their administration of it be desired. The Committee deem it unnecessary to refer specifically to the many other points so fully treated in the Report of the Plans Commission. We are satisfied that the general plan submitted is adequate and satisfactory, and in all material re- spects as good ascan be framed. Its provisions for fine artis- tic, architectural, decorative and landscape effects are obvious. If the ground is studied with map in hand, the plan speaks for itself and is its own vindication. Without such study the plan cannot be properly appreciated. It is most gratifying, and a matter of congratulation, to observe that almost every part of these diversified grounds can be, and has been, availed of, and appropriated to the most apt and beautiful uses; and that this is done not only (5° ) without sacrificing any of their unique natural charms, but with great additions to their natural beauty. All-important as this matter is, our Committee are confi- dent that there will be no mistake in the adoption of the design recommended by the Commission, as a provisional plan of the Garden, sufficiently establishing its chief outlines, while easily admitting, without prejudice, a large elasticity in treatment, and abundant room for modifications in detail as may be hereafter desired. The Committee therefore submits the following resolu- tion: resolved, That the report of the Plans Commission, sub- mitted November 30, 1896, be accepted, and the accompany- ing general plan be adopted, subject to such changes and alterations as may hereafter be found necessary. Appison Brown, Chairman. The foregoing report and resolution were unanimously adopted. N. L. Brirron, Secretary of the Board of Managers. GENERAL PLAN FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MUSEUMS. Adopted by the Scientific Directors, June oth, 1896. First Floor. It is proposed to devote the entire first floor to the economic museum, illustrating useful plates, their crude and commer- cial products, together with, so far as possible, the processes of manufacture. The illustration will be effected by speci- mens, material, photographs, plates, drawings and models, and the display arranged by products as follows: 1. Food plants. 2. Drug plants. (51 ) Fibre plants. Timber plants. Plants yielding essential oils. Plants yielding fixed oils. Plants yielding resins. + Plants yielding gums. . Plants yielding waxes. 10. Plants yielding starch and glucose. ir. Plants yielding sugar. 12. Plants yielding beverages. 13. Plants yielding dyes and mordants. 14. Plants used in smoking. 15. Plants of miscellaneous economic application. 16. Plants used by the American Indians. \o The objects to be used in effecting this plan of illustration will be drawn from a great variety of sources, and it will take much time to make any one of the subjects complete. Much material can be obtained through commercial houses and from similar museums in America and Europe, without any great expenditure of money. Second Fioor. A. General Botanical Muscum. This is to be arranged systematically from the most lowly organized to the most complex plants, in sequence, illustrat- ing types of the natural families by specimens of the plants themselves, and by fruits, seeds, bark, leaves, roots and other organs, photographs, plates and drawings. s with the economic collections, the: material will be drawn from every available source, but in this instance more is to be expected from museums or collections already estab- lished than from commercial houses. B. Physiological Muscum. This collection will be planned to illustrate the phenomena and processes of plant life, and would consist mainly of models, drawings and specimens. (52) C. Paleo-botanical Collection. This should illustrate, by means of selected specimens, the sequence of the appearance of the various groups of plants upon the earth and their distribution in time. The material can be brought together by exchanges with various geological museums. D. Llustration of the Flora of the Region of roo Miles about New York City. It is planned to effect this by mounting carefully prepared herbarium specimens in swinging frames on upright posts, in somewhat the manner adopted at the South Kensington Mu- seum for the British Flora. Much of this material is already in hand, and much more can be obtained at slight expense by systematic collecting. This will also be arranged systemati- cally, and include, ultimately, all the species and varieties of plants known to occur in the region. It has been shown at South Kensington that such an exhibit is most instructing and is examined by a great many people. E. Space will remain unassigned for special collections of one kind or another. PROVISIONAL REGULATIONS FOR THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF. Adopted June 17, 1896. 1. The Director-in-Chief is the Executive Officer of the Garden, and is responsible to the Board of Managers, and to the Scientific Directors, for the general management and con- trol of all its departments. He shall promptly and efficiently carry out all their regu- lations and directions, and be responsible for the proper maintenance and good order of the buildings and grounds. 2. He may from time to time make recommendations for the development and management of the Garden in all its (53) departments, including the laying out of the grounds, the con- struction of buildings and the conduct of the museums, the herbarium or any of the departments of the Garden, accom- panying the same by his estimate of the probable cost there- for. 3. He shall recommend the employment of such persons as shall be needed for the various departments of the Garden and have power to remove all employees, except those upon asalary. All salaried employees he shall have power to sus- pend, and, on approval of the appropriate committee or board, to discharge. 4. He shall make all necessary purchases of tools, imple- ments and supplies for the Garden as authorized, and shall be responsible for the proper inventory, care, and use of the same. 5. He shall examine, correct and certify all bills incurred under his management, and shall keep, in beoks provided for that purpose, an accurate account of his expenditure of all ap- propriations made for Garden purposes, which books, together with proper vouchers, shall at all times be open to inspection by members of the Board. 6. He shall keep a copy of his official correspondence. 7. He shall use diligent efforts to build up the Garden Herbarium, the Library and the Museum, and the collections of living plants and trees, by correspondence, by exchanges of duplicates not needed, and by purchases, so far as means therefor are placed at his disposal. 8. He shall report to the Board of Managers, the Scien- tific Directors or special committees, in such manner and at such times as they may direct. g. He shall make no expenditures and incur no liabilities, except under appropriations made by the Board. 10. He shall devote his whole time and energies to the promotion of the Garden interests, and shall not engage in any outside work except with the approval of the Board or the Executive Committee. (54) AMENDMENT TO THE ACT OF INCORPORATION. CHAPTER 717. (LOCAL. ) An Act Zo amend chapter two hundred and eighty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled ‘An act to provide for the establishment of a botanic garden and museum and arboretum, in Bronx Park, in the city of New York, and to incorporate the New York Botanical Garden for carrying on the same,” as amended by chapter one hundred and three of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-four. Accepted by the city. Became a law May 19, 1896, with the approval of the Governor. assed, three-fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: SECTION I. Section five of chapter two hundred and eighty-five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled «* An act to provide for the establishment of a botanic garden and museum and arboretum, in Bronx Park, in the city of New York, and to incorporate the New York Botani- cal Garden for carrying on the same,” as amended by chapter one hundred and three of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-four, is hereby amended to read as follows: SEecTION 5. Whenever the said corporation shall have raised or secured by subscription a sum sufficient, in the judg- ment of the board of commissioners of the department of public parks in the city of New York, for successfully estab- lishing and prosecuting the objects aforesaid, not less, how- ever, than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, within seven years from the passage of this act, the said board of commis- sioners is hereby authorized and directed to set apart and ap- propriate, upon such conditions as to the said board may seem expedient, a portion of the Bronx Park, or of such other of C552 the public parks in the city of New York north of the Harlem River in charge of the said department of parks as may be mutually agreed upon between the said board of commissioners and the board of managers of said corporation in lieu of Bronx Park, not exceeding two hundred and fifty acres, for estab- lishing and maintaining therein by the said corporation a botanical garden and museum, including an herbarium and arboretum, and for the general purposes stated in the first section of this act. And the said board of commissioners is thereupon hereby authorized and directed to construct and equip within the said grounds so allotted, according to plans approved by them and by the said board of managers, a suit- able fire-proof building for such botanical museum and herba- rium, with lecture rooms and laboratories for instruction, to- gether with other suitable buildings for the care and culture of tender or other plants, indigenous or exotic, at an aggre- gate cost not exceeding the bonds hereinafter authorized to be issued by the city of New York; the use of said buildings upon completion to be transferred to said corporation for the purposes stated in this act. And for the purpose of providing means therefor, it shall be the duty of the comptroller of the city of New York, upon being thereto requested by said com- missioners, and upon being authorized thereto by the board of estimate and apportionment, to issue and sell at not less than their par value bonds or stock of the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of the city of New York, inthe manner now provided by law, payable from taxation, aggregating the sum of five hundred thousand dollars, bearing interest at a rate not exceeding three and one half per centum per annum, and to be redeemed within a period of time not longer than thirty years from the date of their issue. Section 2. This act shall take effect immediately. (56 ) LIST OF ANNUAL MEMBERS, DEC. 14, 1896. Frank Abbott, M. D., gnew, Wm. C. Alpers, G. Amsinck, J. M. Andreini, Jno. D. Archbold, Edw. S. F. Arnold, M. D., Frederic Baker, Geo. V. N. Baldwin, N. A. Baldwin, Robert F. Ballantine, Ewald Balthasar, Amzi Lorenzo Barber, E. W. Barnes, John S. Barnes, Chas. T. Barney, William Barr, E. W. Bass, Thos. H. Bauchle, Gerard Beekman, . H. Beers, Statts S. Bell, August Belmont, Geo. H. Bend, Mrs. Adolph Bernheimer, Chas. L. Bernheimer, Simon Bernheimer, Simon E. Bernheimer, Edward J. Berwind, Henry Beste, Eugene P. Bicknell, Isaac Bijur, Mrs. Elizabeth Billings, Chas. H. Bissell, Geo. Blagden, Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman, Louis H. Blakeman, Mrs. S. A. Blatchford, Geo. T. Bliss, Frank S. Bond, H. W. Bookstaver, Geo. 5S. Bowdoin, John M. Bowers, Michael Brennan, Chas. Astor Bristed, Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton, F. Bronson, John Crosby Brown, William Bryce, Jr., W. Buchanan, Albert Buchman, Wm. Allen Butler, John Cabot, M. D., George Calder, Henry L. Calman, James C. Carter, Wm. J. Cassard, John H. Caswell, Frank R. Chambers, Chester W. Chapin, eo. E. Chisolm, Mrs. Wm. E. Chisolm, Jared Chittenden, W. F. Chrystie, E. Dwight Church, John K. Cilley, John Claflin, Wm. N. Clark, Banyer Clarkson, Frederick Clarkson, Wm. F. Cochran, Miss Mary T. Cockcroft, C. A. Coffin, Chas. H. Coffin, E. W. Coggeshall, Samuel M. Cohen, N. A. Colburn, Miss Ellen Collins, Casimir Constable, C. T. Cook, Miss Julia Cooper, Geo. Coppell, Francis Crawford, Robert L. Crawford, Frederick Cromwell, Edwin A. Cruikshank, Ira Davenport, Wm. Gilbert Davies, Richard Deeves, Robert W. DeForest, Maturin L. Delafield, Jr., Theo. L. DeVinne, W. B. Dickerman, Chas. D. Dickey, Mrs. Hugh T. Dickey, Geo. H. Diehl, Chas. F. Dieterich, Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, Cleveland H. Dodge, Miss Grace H. Dodge, Mrs. Henry Dormitzer, O. B. Douglas, M. D., Miss Katharine DuBois, (57) Wm. A. DuBois, John P. Duncan, Edward K. Dunham, M. D., H. A. Dupont, Thomas Dwyer, Dorman B. Eaton, Mrs. Jonathan Edwards, J. Pierrepont Edwards, August Eimer, David L. Einstein, Mrs. Matilda A. Elder, Geo. W. Ellis, John W. Ellis, m. W. Ellsworth, John J. Emery, Louis Ettlinger, E. Eyre, Thos. H. Faile, Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, m anagan, Miss Helena Flint, A. R. Flower, J. D. Flower > Col. De Lancey Floyd-Jones, James B. Foid, John R. Foid, Edw. W. Foster, Mrs. A. Frankfield, Joel Francis Freeman, Samuel A. French, Henry Gade, Frank §. Gannon, Joseph E. Gay, S. J. Geoghegan, V. P. Gibney, Frederic N. Goddard, W.N. Goddard, E. L. Godkin, Ogden Goelet, Simon Goldenberg, Frederic Goodridge, Francis Goodwin, James J. Goodwin, Malcolm Graham, Henry Graves, Isaac J. Greenwood, Rev. David H. Greer, Miss Emily L. Gregory, W. C. Gulliver, W.S. Gurnee, James D. Hague, Prof. Byron D. Halsted, Miss Laura P. Halsted, Chas. T. Harbeck, Joseph W. Harper, Marcellus Hartley, Haven, R. Somers Hayes, J. Waldemar Hayward, Homer Heminway, Edmund Hendricks, Samuel Henshaw, James K. Hill, Geo. D. Hilyard, William K. Hinman, John H. Hinton, M. D., Abbott Hodgman, Geo. F. Hodgman, Rev. E. A. Hoffman, E. B. Holden, E. R. Holden, Henry Holt, Burrett W. Horton, Gen. Thos. H. ee John E. Hudson, Frank Hustace, M. D., (58 ) William Hustace, Henry Iden, Jr., Mrs. Adrian Iselin, Adrian Iselin, Jr., Theo. F. Jackson, A. Jacobi, M. D., D. Willis Gace, E. G. Janeway, Walter Jennings, James R. Jesup, Geo. Pryor Johnson, Mrs. John D. Jones, Walter R. T. Jones, S. Nicholson Kane, Mrs. H. F. Kean, Mrs. A. B. Kellogg, Mrs. Chas. Kellogg, Thomas H. Kelly, Edward Kemp, H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, Mrs. Catherine L. Kernochan, David H. King, Jr., Herman Knapp, M. D., Henry F. Koch, Percival Kiihne, H. R. Kunhardt, Jr., Francis G. Landon, Woodbury Langdon, J. D. Lange, Jesse Larrabee, Mrs. Samuel Lawrence, Mrs. Daniel D. Lord, (59 ) R. P. Lounsbery, James B. Murray, August Lueder, Isaac Myer, Walther Luttgen, Miss Agnes C. Nathan, Samuel H. Lyman, Wm. Nelson, James D. Lynch, Geo. G. Nevers, Mrs. Alida McAlan, Geo. L. Nichols, C. W. McAlpin, A. Lanfear Norrie, Geo. L. McAlpin, Gordon Norrie, Thos. J. McBride, E. E. Olcott, J. Jennings McComb, Dwight H. Olmstead, Mrs. W. H. McCord, Robert Olyphant, John A. McCreery, M. D., Adolphe Openhym, Thos. A. McIntyre, Mrs. Wm. Openhym, D. E. Mackenzie, Miss Helen Parish, Rev. Haslett McKim, John E. Parsons, Wm. H. Macy, Jr., J. M. Patterson, Chas. Mallory, Geo. Foster Peabody, Jacob Mark, Alfred Pell, Chas. M. Marsh, Wm. Hall Penfold, Louis Marshall, Samuel T. Peters, Robert Martin, Anton Pfund, Prof. Brander Matthews, Fred. S. Pinkus, Robert Maxwell, Gilbert M. Plympton, Payson Merrill, Henry W. Poor, Henry Metcalfe, De Veaux Powel, J. Meyer, Joseph M. Pray, Thos. C. Meyer, J. Dyneley Prince, S. M. Milliken, Chas. Pryer, Peter Moller, M. Taylor Pyne, John Monks, Percy R. Pyne, Alphonse Montant, Jas. H. Quintard, John G. Moore, Gustav Ramsperger, Wm. H. Helme Moore, Geo. Curtis Rand, E. D. Morgan, Geo. R. Read, Geo. H. Morgan, Whitelaw Reid, A. H. Morris, John B. Reynolds, A. Newbold Morris, John Harsen Rhoades, Henry Lewis Morris, Bradford Rhodes, Geo. Austin Morrison, Charles Rice, M. D., Ed. M. Muller, Auguste Richard, Samuel Riker, Wm. C. Rives, M. D., S. H. Robbins, Miss Mary M. Roberts, Andrew J. Robinson, H. H. Rogers, Theo. Rogers, Clinton Roosevelt, mlen Roosevelt, Jacob Rothschild, Wm. H. Rudkin, Jacob Ruppert, Chas. Howland Russell, John E. Russell, Clarence Sackett, Reginald H. Sayre, Robert W. Schedler, Wm. Jay Schieffelin, Miss Jane E. Schmelzel, Paul Schoeder, S Mrs. Horace See, Isaac N. Seligman, T. G. Sellew, F. Seringhaus, Mrs. Angelica B. Shea, W. Hi. Sheehy, G. K. Sheridan, Gardiner Sherman, Robt. Simon, Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, Chas. S. Smith, Edward A. Smith, Eugene Smith, James R. Smith, ( 60 ) Chas. Sooysmith. A. W. Soper, Samuel Spencer, Paul N. Spofford, J. R. Stanton, James R. Steers, Benjamin Stern, Louis Stern, Francis Lynde Stetson, Lispenard Stewart, R. Stewart, Jos. Stickney, James Stokes, Mason A. Stone, Sumner R. Stone, George Storm, Edward Sturges, John S. Sutphen, Albert Tag, Edward N. Tailer, Tozo Takayanagi, C. A. Tatum, Miss Alexandrina Taylor, Stevenson Taylor, m. E. Tefft, H. L. Terrell, Walter Thompson, E. Titus, Jr William Toel, William Toothe, Howard Townsend, . Townsend, i Evens Tracy, Benjamin I. N. Trask, Miss Susan Travers, Mrs. J. B. Trevor, Alfred Tuckerman, Paul Tuckerman, Edward P. Tysen, E. S. Ullmann, ( 61 ) R. E. Westcott, John M. E. Wetmore, M. D. Geo. G. Wheelock, M. D., William E. Wheelock, M. D. Horace White, Miss Anna Murray Vail, Herbert Valentine, Mrs. Lawson Valentine, Chas. H. Van Brunt, Rev. Geo. R. Van Dewater, E. H. Van Ingen, Alfred Van Santvoord, Wm. H. Van Slyck, Edgar B. Van Winkle, Geo. H. Vose, Salem H. Wales, Henry F. Walker, Allan C. Washington, John I. Waterbury, H. Walter Webb, S. D. Webb, W. H. Webb, Geo. P. Webster, Mrs. John A. Weekes, Camille Weidenfeld, Stanford White, William Wicke, Edward A. Wickes, G. G. Williams, Washington ee John D. Win Grenville L. Winthrop, Robert Dudley Winthrop, Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee, Emil Wolff, Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood. Miss Cornelia 5. Wray, Andrew C. Zabriskie, O. F. Zollikoffer, ( 62 ) BOTANICAL GARDENS.* ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT. The cultivation of plants within small areas for their heal- ing qualities by the monks of the Middle Ages appears to have been the beginning of the modern botanical garden, al- though these medieval gardens doubtless took their origin from others of greater antiquity. Botanical gardens were thus primarily formed for purely utilitarian purposes, although the esthetic study of planting and of flowers must doubtless have appealed to their owners and visitors. Their function as aids in scientific teaching and research, the one which at pres- ent furnishes the dominating reason for their existence, did not develop much, if at all, before the sixteenth century, and prior to the middle of the seventeenth century a considerable number existed in Europe in which this function was recog- nized to a greater or less degree, of which those at Bologna, Montpellier, Leyden, Paris and Upsala were perhaps the most noteworthy. ‘The ornamental and decorative taste for plant- ing had meanwhile been slowly gaining ground, as well as the desire to cultivate rare or unusual species, and during the eighteenth century attained a high degree of development. Many persons of wealth and influence fostered this taste and became, through the employment of men skilled in botany and horticulture, generous patrons of science. The world was searched for new and rare plants, which were brought home to Europe for cultivation, and many sumptuous volumes, de- scribing and delineating them, were published, mainly through the same patronage. The older gardens were essentially pri- vate institutions, but as the rights of the people became more and more recognized, many existing establishments and an increasing number of newly founded ones became, to a greater or less extent, open to the public, either through an admit- *Address by Vice-President Nathaniel Lord Britton, Chairman of Section G., American Association for the Advancement of Science, at Buffalo, N. Y., August, 1896. ( 63 ) tance fee or without charge. The four main elements of the modern botanical garden have thus been brought into it suc cessively. 1. The utilitarian or economic. 2. The esthetic. 3. The scientific or biologic. 4. The philanthropic. These four elements have been given different degrees of prominence, depending mainly upon local conditions, some gardens being essentially esthetic, some mainly scientific, while in our public parks we find the philanthropic function as the underlying feature, usually accompanied by more or less of the zsthetic and scientific. The Economic Element. In the broadest extension of this department of a botanical garden there might be included, to advantage, facilities for the display and investigation of all plants directly or indirectly useful to man, and their products. This conception would include forestry, pharmacognosy, ag- riculture, pomology, pathology and organic chemistry, and, in case the management regards bacteria as plants, bacteri- ology. The display of the plants may be effected by growing such of them as will exist without protection in the locality ina plot, more or less individualized, commonly known as the Economic Garden, while those too tender for cultivation in the open are grown in the greenhouses, either in a separate house or sec- tion, or scattered through the several houses or sections, in the temperatures best adapted to their growth. The display of plant products, best accompanied by mounted specimens of the species yielding them, by photographs and by plates, is accomplished by the Economic Museum, where these are arranged in glass or glass-fronted cases, suitably classified and labelled. It is believed that the most useful results are obtained by arranging this museum by the products themselves, and thus not in biologic sequence, but by bringing together all drugs, all fibres, all woods, all resins; where the same product is used in more than one industry the exhibit may be duplicated, more or less modified, without disadvantage. ( 64 ) The investigation of economic plants and their products is accomplished through the Scientific Department, and few valuable results can be reached unless the scientific equip- ment 1s well developed. The two departments must work conjointly, both on account of the necessity of knowing just what species is under investigation, its structure, distribution and literature, and in order that the most approved and exact methods may be used in the research. Any idea that the scientific element can be dispensed with in connection with economic studies is palpably untenable. Teaching and research in agriculture, pomology and plant pathology are so well organized in America, through our National Department of Agriculture and our numerous agricultural colleges and schools, that there is no great neces- sity for providing elaborate equipments for those branches in botanical gardens. But in case the endowment of a garden were sufficiently large to enable them to be successfully pros- ecuted, in addition to more necessary work, there can be no doubt that important additions to knowledge would be ob- tained. On the other hand, no such liberal allowances have been made with us for forestry or pharmacognosy, and re- search and instruction in these sciences must prove of the greatest benefit to the country. The 4sthetic Element. The buildings, roads, paths and planting of a botanical garden should be constructed and arranged with reference to tasteful and decorative landscape effect. The possibilities of treatment will depend largely upon the topographical character af the area selected and the natural vegetation of the tract. The buildings required are a fire-proof structure or structures for museum, herbarium, libraries, laboratories, and offices; a glass house with com- partments kept at several different temperatures for exhibition, propagation and experimentation, or several separate glass houses; and to these will be usually added dwelling-houses for some of the officers, a stable and other minor buildings. The character, number and sizes of the buildings generally depend on financial considerations. In placing the structures ( 65 ) intended for the visiting public, considerations of convenient access, satisfactory water supply, and the distribution of crowds must be borne in mind, in connection with the land- scape design. The planting should follow, as nearly as pos- sible, a natural treatment, except immediately around the larger buildings and at the entrances, where considerable formality is desirable for architectural reasons. It is especially desirable that as much natural treatment as possible should be given to the areas devoted to systematic planting—herbaceous grounds, fruticetum, arboretum. The rectilinear arrange- ment of plant beds found in most of the older gardens has become abhorent to landscape lovers, and the sequence of families desired can usually be quite as well obtained by means of curved-margined groups. The cultivation of decorative plants, and especially the fostering of a taste for them, and the bringing of unusual or new species to attention and effecting their general introduc- tion, are important functions of a botanical garden. For the accurate determination of these plants, information concern- ing their habits and structure, and suggestions regarding the condition of their growth, the zsthetic side must rely on the scientific. The Scientitic or Biologic Klement. The important rela- tions of the scientific department to the economic and esthetic have already been alluded to. The library, herbarium, mu- seums and laboratories are the sources whence exact infor- mation regarding the name, structure, habits, life processes and products of plants are derived, and they are the more useful as they are the more complete and thoroughly equipped. It is practically impossible for any one library to have all the literature of botany and related sciences, any one herbarium to possess an authentic and complete representation of all species of plants, or any one museum to be thoroughly illus- trative; absolute perfection along these lines cannot be ob- tained, but the more closely it is approximated the better the re- sults. The researgh work of the scientific department should be organized along all lines of botanical inquiry, including tax- ( 66 ) onomy, morphology, anatomy, physiology, and paleontology, and the laboratories should afford ample opportunities and equipment for their successful prosecution. The arrangement of the areas devoted to systematic plant- ing, and the proper labelling of the species grown, are im- portant duties of the scientific department. The sequence of classes, orders and families is usually made to follow some “botanical system.” It is highly desirable that this should be a system which indicates the natural relations of the fami- lies, as understood at the time the garden is laid out, and be elastic enough to admit of subsequent modification as more exact information relative to those relationships is obtained. The weight of present opinion is overwhelmingly in favor of an arrangement from the more simple to the more complex, and this will apply not only to the systematic plantations, but to the systematic museum and herbarium. The scientific possibilities of a botanical garden are the greater if an organic or coéperative relationship exists be- tween it and a university, thus affording ready facilities for information on other sciences. The Philanthropic Element. A botanical garden oper- ates as a valuable philanthropic agency, both directly and indirectly. Its direct influence lies through its affording an orderly arranged institution for the instruction, information and recreation of the people, and it is more efficient for these purposes than a park, as it is more completely developed and liberally maintained. Its indirect, but equally important, philanthropic operation is through the discovery and dissemi- nation of facts concerning plants and their products, obtained through the studies of the scientific staff and by others using the scientific equipment. NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF BOTANICAL GARDENS. There are somewhat over 200 institutions denominated botanical gardens, but only a few of them meet the require- ments of the foregoing sketch. Some are essentially pleasure parks, with the plants more or less labelled; most of them pay ( 67 ) some attention to taxonomy and morphology, many to eco- nomic botany, while a small number are admirably equipped in all branches of the science. I have drawn freely on Professor Penhallow’s first annual report of the Montreal Botanical Garden, published in 1886, for the following approximate statement of the number in different countries : Algeria, 1. Italy, 23. Australia, 5. Japan, 1. Austro-Hungary, 13. Java, I. Belgium, 5. Malta, 1. Brazil, 2. Mauritius, 1. Canada, 1. Natal, 1. Canary Islands, 1 New Zealand, 1. Cape of Good Hope, 3. Norway, I. Ceylon, 1. Peru, 1. Chili, 1. Philippine Islands, 1. China, I. Portugal, 3. Cochin China, 1 Reunion, Denmark, 2. Roumania, 2. Ecuador, 1. Russia, 16 Egypt, I. Servia, I France, 22. Siberia, 1 Germany, 36. Spain, 2. Great Britain and Ireland, 12. Straits Settlements, 1. Greece, I. weden, Guatemala, I. Switzerland, 4. Guiana, I. Tasmania, I. Holland, 4. United States, ro. India, 7. West Indies, 6. NOTES ON SOME FOREIGN GARDENS. 1. Buitenzorg, Java. This is the largest botanical garden, occupying some 1,100 acres, at altitudes from sea level to about 6,000 feet. It was founded by the Dutch government in 1817, and has been well supported. Affording as it does highly favorable conditions for the growth of tropical and subtropical plants under natural conditions, it has yielded ( 68 ) most important results, especially in taxonomy and plant physiology, many of which have been published in the ten large volumes of its ‘* Annales.” 2. The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew are situated on the south bank of the Thames, about six miles west of Hyde Park Corner. They are reached by several railway routes, the time from Charing Cross being about forty minutes, by steamer and by omnibus lines. The present area of the gardens is about 260 acres, an addition having been made during the past year. These world-famed gardens originated in the exotic garden of Lord Capel, in 1759. In 1840 they were adopted as a national establishment and opened as a public park. The botanic garden proper occupies about seventy acres and the remainder is given to arboretum and pleasure grounds. There are two main greenhouses: 1. The palm house, 362 feet long, the central dome rising 66 feet; 2. The temperate house, of which the central portion is 212 feet long, 137 feet broad and about 60 feet high, flanked by wings which give a total length of about 580 feet, the whole covering between one and one and one-half acres of ground. There are also fourteen other houses, grouped in two ranges and more or less connected, given to special collections. There are three botanical museums: 1. Devoted to economic products; 2. to miscellaneous products; 3. to timbers. There is also a large museum hall given to the exhibition of floral paintings by the late Marienne North. There is a small laboratory equipped for research in physiological bot- any. The herbarium and library occupy the old palace of the King of Hanover, near the main entrance to the garden, and they are the largest and most complete in the world. The herbaceous ground is planted in long parallel beds and contains several thousand species. The arboretum is thor- oughly illustrative of all trees that will grow in the open at Kew, and the shrubs are, for the most part, cultivated in areas by themselves. There are numerous special features, such as the rock garden, the bamboo garden and the Ameri- can garden. ( 69 ) The research work of Kew is principally economic and taxonomic. Around it centre the twenty-four botanical gar- dens and botanical stations of the British colonies, which are manned chiefly by men who have studied or worked at Kew. The principal publications at present emanating from Kew are: The Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum. The Continuation of Hooker’s Flora of India. . The Continuation of the Flora of Tropical Africa. Annual Reports. The Index Kewensis. Am Bw hH The monographs and separate writings of its staff of sci- entific men are too numerous to review at this point. 3. The Royal Botanical Garden of Berlin is situated in the southwestern part of the city, but a project for moving it out into the country is now being seriously considered. The palm house reaches a height of about ninety feet, being the highest one yet constructed, and too high for satisfactory operation. The botanical museum is very extensive, and has series of economic, systematic and archeological collections. The herbarium is one of the largest in the world. The systematic beds are arranged on a strictly modern sequence, and portions of the garden are devoted to plant geography and plant biology. The arboretum is not extensive. Among special features may be mentioned the alpine garden and the collections of Cacti. The garden is an institute of the Uni- versity, where the principal laboratories are situated. There is also an institute of plant physiology, with a small separate garden. The official publications of the Berlin Garden are the ** Notizblatt” and annual reports. A series of volumes of ‘‘ Jahrbiicher” was issued some years ago. The publica- tions of the garden staff are voluminous, and cover all lines of botanical inquiry. . The long established <«‘ Jardin des Plantes,” the gar- dens of the Museum of Natural History at Paris, are situated in the heart of the city, fronting on the Seine. The conser- (70 ) vatories are grouped near the main museum building, at one end of the grounds, are very large, and contain a great variety of plants. The botanical library, laboratories and the enormous herbarium are in a separate older building. The systematic beds are arranged in rows; owing to the limited size of the area devoted to them they are much crowded, but contain a splendid assortment of species. But little space is given to trees; there are, however, some famous specimens. Many valuable contributions to the literature of botany along all its lines have emanated from this grand institution for over one hundred years, published for the most part in the ‘‘ Annales” and ‘‘ Archives” of the Museum of Natural History, and in the Bulletin of the Botanical Society of France. 5. The Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna was established about 1754, and is located in the heart of the city. There are here very important and extensive museums, her- baria and libraries, and one large fine greenhouse. The systematic plantations occupy the larger portion of the tract, and special areas are devoted to the cultivation of medicinal and other economic plants, to an arboretum of native trees, and to groups illustrating plant geography. The garden and associated laboratories provide equipment for the prosecution of all lines of botanical research. 6. The Botanical Garden of Geneva was founded in 1817, and is situated in the heart of the city near the University. There are two small greenhouses, a very large and important herbarium and library, and a small museum. The labora- tories of the University are extensive and well equipped, affording capital facilities for work along all lines of botani- cal investigation. The De Candolle herbarium and library, and the Boissier herbarium and library, which are near by, afford, in connection with the collections of the garden, unsurpassed facilities for taxonomic study. 7. The Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh covers about sixty acres, of which about one-half was added to the older portion some twelve years ago; there are possibilities of still (71) further enlargement. The main greenhouses have a frontage of about two hundred feet, the palm house rising some seventy feet, and there are six small special houses. The botanical museum, lecture room and laboratories are in one building, The systematic plantations of herbaceous species are exten- sive, the rock garden being an especially strong feature. The development of arboretum and fruticetum in the newer portion of the tract has made good progress. The institution is in intimate relationship with the University, nearly all the instruction in botany being given at the garden. The re- search work has been extensive along taxonomic, morpho- logic and physiologic lines. 8. The Royal Botanic Garden of Dublin, situated at Glas- nevin, just without the city, was founded through the influence of the Right Honorable and Honorable Dublin Society, in 1790, was for many years supported by this Society with the aid of government grants, and was transferred to the Science and Art Department in 1877. It includes about forty acres of undulating land, bounded to the north by the small river Tolka. There are eight greenhouses, most of them rather old, but containing a valuable collection. There is a small botan- ical museum and herbarium. The sy plantations are irregularly shaped beds, arranged in a some- what radial manner. The arboretum and fruticetum occupy about one-half of the area. g. The Brussels Botanical Garden lies in the heart of the city and embraces not more than ten acres of land, of which about one-half is given tothe arboretum. The greenhouses are large but old. There is a very extensive herbarium and library. The systematic beds are arranged as quadrants of a circle, separated by concentric and radial paths. Spe- cial areas are devoted to ornamental and economic plants. Owing to the restricted size of the area available a very dense grouping of plants is necessitated. The research work accom- plished here has been mainly taxonomic. The Botanical So- ciety of Belgium has its headquarters at the garden. the large herbarium and library in another. 4 44 1 }. NeTVaCeous (72) 10. The Imperial Botanical Garden at St. Petersburg is in close affiliation with the Academy of Sciences and the Uni- versity. There is here a famous herbarium, a large botanical library and museum, and commodious and well stocked green- houses. The garden publishes ‘‘ Acta,“ and many researches prosecuted there are printed in the Bulletin and Memoirs of the Imperial Academy. tr. The Royal Botanic Garden of Trinidad, situated at Port of Spain, was established in 1818, and now occupies about sixty-three acres, with some outlying plantations. There is a vast collection of tropical plants in cultivation, an extensive botanical library and herbarium, and a small labo- ratory. The garden publishes ‘‘Annual Reports” and ‘ Bul- letin,” dealing especially with topics of economic application. 12. The Botanical Department of Jamaica, West Indies, operates extensive gardens at Kingston, smaller ones at Cas- tleton, and the several large Cinchona plantations. The sci- entific collections and library are valuable. The department publishes «* Annual Reports” and ** Bulletin,” especially de- voted to economic botany. 13. McGill University, at Montreal, Quebec, carries on a small botanical garden in connection with its laboratories. The Montreal Botanic Garden, begun in 1885 on about seventy- five acres of ground in Mount Royal Park, was soon aband- oned, owing to political complications. 14. Among other foreign gardens of which mention must be made, and of which a description would be interesting if our time allowed, are those at Munich, Wirzburg, Tubingen, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Upsala, Zurich, Ceylon, Calcutta and Oxford. BOTANICAL GARDENS IN THE UNITED STATES. The first botanical garden established in America was be- gun by John Bartram in Philadelphia, in 1728. In it he placed a considerable number of plants obtained in the course of his extensive travels. The plot still remains, including the family homestead, somewhat modified, and it is a pleasure to know that it will be preserved as public ground. (73 ) André Michaux, in the latter part of the last century, planted gardens at Charleston, S. C., and New Durham, N. jJ., but they were essentially nurseries from which he sent seeds and plants to Europe. In the year 1801 Dr. David Hosack, then Professor of Botany and Materia Medica in Columbia College, purchased twenty acres of ground in New York City, and called it the Elgin Botanic Garden; in this tract he accumulated, with great labor, during the next ten years, a very large and valuable collection of plants. The institution was transferred to the State of New York, through an Act of the Legislature, in 1810, and was then known asthe Botanic Garden of the State of New York. It was subsequently granted to Columbia College. Funds for its maintenance were not provided, however, and it was ultimately abandoned, Two catalogues of its plants were issued by Dr. Hosack, one in 1806, and an- other in 1811. The condition of botanical gardens in America at that time is indicated by the following note in Dr. Ho- sack’s cataloge of 1806: ‘* I learn, with pleasure, that a Botanic Garden is pro- posed to be established near Boston, and connected with the University of Cambridge. The Legislature of Massachu- setts, with a munificence which does them honor, have granted, for this purpose, a tract of land, the value of which is estimated at thirty thousand dollars; and several individ- uals have evinced their liberality and love of science by vol- untary subscriptions, to the amount of fifteen thousand dol- lars, towards the establishment and support of that institu- tion. Another is also begun at Charleston, 5. C., and a third is contemplated in New Jersey, in connection with the College of Princeton.” In the year 1824 there was published at Lexington, Ky., the ‘ First Catalogues and Circulars of the Botanical Garden of Transylvania University at Lexington, Ky., for the year 1824,” by W. H. Richardson, M. D., President of the Board of Managers, and C. S. Rafinesque, Ph.D., Secretary. This rare pamphlet, which is not recorded in Dr. Call’s very (74) complete life and writings of Rafinesque, is of twenty-four pages, and is printed alternately in English and French. It is essentially an appeal for plants and material for the gar- den, and a list of species that it could furnish to kindred in- stitutions. This garden was evidently short-lived, inasmuch as in Rafinesque’s ‘*‘ Neogenyton” of the following year, 1825, he remarks, ‘‘I mean, therefore, to indicate and pro- pose, in this small essay, many of the numerous new genera of plants detected or ascertained, some of which were indi- cated last year, 1824, in the Catalogue of the botanical gar- den which I have tried in vain to establish in Lexington.” The principal gardens at present operated and in course of development in the United States are as follows: 1. The Botanic Garden of Harvard University, at Cam- bridge, Mass., founded in 1805. There are about seven acres of land under cultivation, a small greenhouse, and a famous herbarium and library, from which have flowed dur- ing the past forty years voluminous and invaluable contribu- tions to taxonomy and morphology, especially of North American plants. There is also a small morphologic labora- tory. The main laboratories and museums connected with the institution are situated in other of the Harvard buildings, a short distance away. The system of garden, libraries, museum, laboratories and herbaria operated by Harvard College is one of the most complete in existence. It is hard to say, indeed, in what respect it is not ideal, except in the rather wide distance separating the several elements, and the small amount of land available for planting. 2. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, at Ja- maica Plain, Mass., was founded through a bequest of $100,- 000, made about 1870, by Mr. James Arnold, of Providence, R. I., to three trustees, to be used for the improvement of agriculture or horticulture. The trustees wisely determined to devote it to forestry and dendrology, and effected codp- erative agreements with Harvard College and the City of Boston, which have now given us the greatest tree museum in existence, freely open to the visiting public. The planted C95) area is about one hundred and sixty acres, and will be ma- terially increased in size. A small museum, library and herbarium building has been erected near the main entrance. The great “ Silva of North America” and the journal ‘‘ Gar- den and Forest” are noteworthy publications from this noble institution. 3. The Botanic Gardens of the United States Department of Agriculture, at Washington, have an extensive range of greenhouses and a large tract of land under cultivation. The herbarium of the department, now deposited with the United States National Museum, is very large, and is at present in- creasing more rapidly than any other in America. There is a somewhat effective working library, which greatly needs material enlargement, and several poorly located and equipped laboratories, in which a vast amount of important investigation is being accomplished, under very unfavorable conditions, which urgently demand improvement. Publica- tions include: Bulletin of the Botanical Division, Bulletin of the Division of Forestry, Bulletin of the Division of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Year-Book of the United States Department of Agriculture, and circulars of the several di visions. . The Missouri Botanical Garden, at St. Louis, Mo., was established in 1889, through the provisions of the will of Mr. Henry Shaw, who for over thirty years previously haa been bringing together material for it on the land about his residence, which was known as Shaw’s Garden. There were in all some six hundred and seventy acres devised to the institution under the will of the generous and philanthropic founder, and from the income yielded by much of this land, not nearly all the area being required for garden purposes, the institution derives its large maintenance fund, which will certainly be greatly increased as the land becomes more valuable, and will supply an income sufficient to operate the institution in the most effective manner. There are several greenhouses, a very large and valuable herbarium and li- (76 ) brary, while the laboratories of the Shaw School of Botany, at Washington University, are in close relationship to the garden. Much important research, principally taxonomy, has been prosecuted. Publications consist of seven volumes of Annual Reports and nine “ Contributions from the Shaw School of Botany.” 5. The Botanical Garden of the Michigan Agricultural College was begun in1877. There are now about three acres under high’cultivation, exclusive of the arboretum and decora- tive grounds, which together cover several acres. There are several small greenhouses, an herbarium of about sixty thou- sand specimens, a good botanical library, and extensive, well equipped laboratories. 6. The University of California, at Berkeley, has a botan- ical garden of several acres, established some years ago, in which a large number of plants are grown. It furnishes a valuable adjunct to the work of the botanical department, which has well appointed laboratories, a working library, and a large herbarium. 7. The University of Pennsylvania has recently established a garden of about three acres in the immediate vicinity of its building in Philadelphia, and has many species under culti- vation. The extensive and well appointed laboratories of its School of Biology, good library facilities and a small her- barium afford capital opportunity for research, especially in physiology and morphology. . Smith College, at Northampton, Mass., has also re- cently established a botanical garden on the campus. 9. The Buffalo Botanical Garden, in South Park, Buffalo, N. Y., was commenced in 1893, and has since made rapid and encouraging progress. A small range of greenhouses has been built, and others are planned. A beginning has been made in accumulating a library and herbarium, and much permanent planting has been accomplished. 10. The New York Botanical Garden. The establishment of the New York Botanical Garden was authorized by the Legislature in 1891, and the enabling act was amended in (77) 1894. The enterprise was inaugurated and the legislation procured by a committee of the Torrey Botanical Club, ap- pointed in 1889. The act of incorporation provided that, when the corporation created should have raised or secured by subscription a sum not less than $250,000, the Commis- sioners of Public Parks were authorized to set apart and ap- propriate a portion of one of the public parks, not exceeding two hundred and fifty acres, and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment was authorized to issue bonds, aggregating the sum of $500,000, for the construction and equipment, within the grounds, of the necessary buildings. The sub- scription of $250,000 required by the Act of Incorporation was completed in June, 1895, and the Commissioners of Pub- lic Parks, in the following month, formally appropriated two hundred and fifty acres of the northern part of Bronx Park for the purposes of the Garden. Since that time the prepara- tion of plans for the development of the tract has been steadily progressing, including designs for the museum building and a large horticultural house. This planning is still in progress, in charge of a commission of architects, engineers, gardeners and botanists, who will complete their work within a short time and be ready to submit a complete scheme to the Board of Managers during the coming autumn. Meanwhile, much preliminary work has been accomplished in clearing the ground, in grading, in the planting of borders, in the estab- lishment of an extensive nursery, and in the accumulation of herbarium, museum and library material. Through a co- operative agreement entered into with Columbia University, the herbarium and botanical library of the University will be deposited with the Garden, and most of the research and graduate work of the University in botany will be carried on in the Museum Building. The endowment fund has been materially increased, and about four hundred and thirty persons have become annual members of the Garden, contributing ten dollars a year each to its support. The publication of a Bulletin has been com- menced by the issue, in April, of the first number of Volume I. (78 ) THE GLACIAL OR POST-GLACIAL DIVERSION OF THE BRONX RIVER FROM ITS OLD CHANNEL. By J. F. Kemp. As one of the Scientific Directors of the recently organized New York Botanical Garden, the writer has had frequent oc- casion to visit Bronx Park in the last two years. In one of the earliest of these visits the anomalous relations of the Bronx River to what is its natural line of drainage were noted, and in subsequent ones attempts have been made, not, it must be admitted, with altogether satisfactory results, to explain the present channel. The facts are briefly as follows: The Bronx River takes its rise a few miles above White Plains and flows southward for thirty miles into the western extremity of Long Island Sound. For much the greater part of its course, it occupies a valley, excavated in a belt of crystalline dolomite that is almost continuous to the salt water. The valley is similar to the usual type of valley in West- chester County, and doubtless owes its depressed character to the easy erosion of the dolomite. The depression is used by the Harlem Railroad from a point just below Morrisania, north- ward until it crosses into the drainage basin of the Croton River. The Bronx, however, at a point a half a mile or so below Williamsbridge, and just above Bedford Park Station, and in the upper portion of the area assigned to the Botanical Garden, abruptly leaves its old valley and breaks across the enclosing ridge of gneiss, in a gorge 75 feet deep. For nearly a mile it occupies this gorge and then reaching more open country, with a rocky fall at Bronxdale and another at West Farms, it makes its way to the sound. Just below Williamsbridge it flows against the west side of the valley, and immediately alongside of the railroad. It then leaves this and passes diagonally to the south, being di- verted in part by a broad and flat terrace of coarse, rounded, cobble stones, up to one foot or more in diameter and with comparatively little sand intermingled. The cobbles have (79) been exposed for a thickness of at least 20 feet, by the exca- vations, for the new Williamsbridge sewer. The river passes along the foot of the ridge on the east side and divides the gravel terrace in two, so as to leave a small remnant on the east- ern gneisses. It then runs against a westerly spur of the ridge and cuts through it, in a pronounced gorge, diagonally across the foliation of the rock, which is a hard micaceous gneiss. From the entrance to the gorge a swampy depression ex- tends westward to the railroad and has all the characteristics of an abandoned channel. The railroad has crossed it by an embankment and culvert. Just east of the culvert there is gneiss but a few feet below the soil, and at this point the old stream evidently surmounted a reef. The depression con- tinues southward just west of the track, as far as Morrisania ; it is then crossed by the track, which, traversing a low divide into the next limestone valley to the west, follows this to Mott Haven, and then passes over the river to Manhattan Island. The depression runs south from Morrisania and enters the East River opposite Randail’s Island. In all its extent there is no natural barrier, although many streets have been filled in across it. At its highest point, near Bedford Park Station, it is not more than ten or twelve feet above the present sur- face of the Bronx River at the gorge, probably less. The river is about five feet deep at this point. All these relations are shown on the accompanying map, which is reproduced from the Harlem sheet of the United States Geological Sur- vey. The excess of streets and railways on the original map mask the contours, which can only be traced on it with diffi- culty. Accordingly everything but the contours, the river and one or two railway lines have been omitted in redrawing, and for the same reason no attempt has been made to put in the geology. The authorities of the Botanical Garden have a map of its area on a very large scale and with five foot contours. The writer has used this also in the preparation of the paper, although all the material points are well illus- trated on the smaller scale. By observing the map it will be seen that both the river . ( 80 ) and the old channel are below the 60-feet contour just south of Williamsbridge. ‘The terrace of cobblestones is well shown at this point by the projecting 60-feet contour, just under the number 60. The location of the upper part of the old channel where the little brook comes into the Bronx is also shown, and the present almost unrecognizable divide may be identified between it and the brook that flows south into the East River along the old channel. This latter brook is now practically obliterated by street improvements. It cuts the 4o-feet contour about a mile and a half south of Williamsbridge, and the 20-feet contour three miles south of the same point. The Bronx, however, passing into the gorge, crosses the 4o-feet contour a quarter of a mile from the entrance and the 20-feet contour at West Farms. The new route to salt water is shorter than the old by some two miles, being three as against five, and therefore the fall of 50 feet is the more accentuated under present conditions. The gorge is somewhat open at its upper end, but it soon closes in and has steep and jagged walls. Some 65 to 75 feet from the bridge at its entrance, and on the west bank, is one of the two potholes, which were described by Dr. N. L. Britton in the Transactions of the New York Academy, Vol. ., p. 181, 1881. It is broken down on the outer side, as is usual with potholes below which the creating stream has cut. The inner half remains, however, and is about 12 feet deep. The bottom of the bowl is quite perfect and shows that the hole must have been 5 or 6 feet in diameter. The bottom is, by aneroid, about 25 feet above the river surface. The walls are still smooth and scarcely decayed at all. A few paces up the hillside to the southeast is another, that is even more impressive. ‘This is only about 5 or 6 feet deep, but much more of it remains than of the lower one. It is 6 feet 2 inches in diameter, and contains a large rounded bowlder, 4 feet by 3 feet by 2 feet 6 inches. A treea foot in diameter sprouts out from beneath the bowlder. This pothole is 30 feet above the lower one and therefore over 50 feet above the river. Back of it, the hill rises at its summit some 20 feet higher. About ( 81 ) YZAIy WATYVH @POT-HOLES eRe xX ROCKING STONE aay sAr SF Era ee ag? SES NSE SEES hve a VXe Pe =) Ng SERS Sie : Sue ia — Z§ Boe ?/ SAE te) Boe SSE Tatee =e ~e Ze ‘ 0 von, ° a a Fy gee FS ie he ‘peat te =f ms RE car se Hy € {ve Map oF THE LOWER Bronx RIVER. BASED ON THE HARLEM SHEET, . S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ( 82 ) a half mile east of south of these potholes is another smaller but very perfect one, on the eastern edge of the rocky ledge and on the roo-feet contour. It is a foot in diameter or less and about 2 feet deep. All three of these potholes are shown on the map by round dots. The last named one indicates that rapid and extensive currents must have flowed for a time even over the high ground. The fresh condition of these potholes seems to indicate that the lapse of time since they were formed has not been geologically great. It does not appear that they can be as old as the Tertiary, but rather that they were formed in Glacial times, or in the times immediately following. Additional ones at West Farms are recorded in Dr. Britton’s paper above re- ferred to. That the Bronx has been diverted, therefore, from a south- westerly course and from a natural drainage valley which is parallel with the strike of the country rock, and that it has cut across a ridge about 50 to 60 feet above its old channel and has assumed a course nearly due south, at an angle of about 40 degrees to the foliation of the gneiss, and that all this has happened in rather recent geologic times, there is no doubt. But when a diverting cause is sought, it is not easy to find. A gravel bar or a morainal deposit in the old channel some- where between Bedford Park Station and tide water was first thought of as the most probable cause. But exploration along the line of the old depression failed to show one. It is true that the brook shown on the map headed just above Fordham and flowed in the depression before street and railway im- provements masked it, but, even if it had eroded in large part a supposed gravel barrier, some traces of the latter should re- main. Observation of the valley failed to reveal such and the topographical maps do not suggest them. A second hypothesis assumed that the present gorge was an old depression from an earlier drainage period, which per- haps a temporary stoppage of the old channel by the ice sheet had caused the river to clear of possible gravel, etc. But the presence of the potholes militates against this view and indi- ( 83 ) cates a rapid stream flowing over rocky ledges, and heavily charged with grit. A third hypothesis, and one that appears to be the most reasonable, is that during the presence of the ice sheet, a sub-glacial, or perhaps in part a supra-glacial stream down the upper valley of the Bronx found its way out over this ridge and began to cut it down; being prevented issuing by the old channel because of the presence of the ice. The objections to this are the brevity of the time allowed by these conditions for excavating a gorge 60-70 feet deep. The hilltops about the gorge are glaciated, as, indeed, is the sur- face of the country very generally in this vicinity. A lobe of entirely stagnant ice in the old channel as a diverting cause is regarded as an almost too temporary affair. The terrace of cobble stones is assuredly connected with the great floods of the ice period in some way and with very copious and swift waters, as their size indicates. Finally, it may be suggested, as a fourth hypothesis, that the present channel has always been the drainage line of the Bronx, to which it has consistently adhered, while the west- erly depression has been caused by the small stream now oc- cupying it; and that the brook has excavated this valley ata little slower rate than the Bronx has its present one. But when one sees the size of the west depression and the insig- nificance of the present stream it is clearly impossible that such could have been the case. It will at once occur to all who are familiar with the prob- lems involved in the river drainage of the State of Connecti- cut* that both the Housatonic and the Connecticut rivers have left what appear to be their natural channels and have turned eastward through ridges of gneiss, but the diversion of the Bronx, with its 50 or 60 feet of gorge and its potholes, is not a phenomenon of the same magnitude with that of the Con- necticut, the bottom of whose gorge lies four huudred feet * See in this connection W. M. Davis, Topographic Development of the Triassic Formation of the Connecticut Valley, Amer. Jour. Scz., June, 1889, 423. H. B. Kiimmel, Some Rivers of Connecticut, Journal of Geology, Vol. I., 371, 1893. ( 84 ) below the old Cretaceous peneplain. The earlier valley of the Bronx doubtless represents its Tertiary erosion in the Cretaceous peneplain of Westchester County, while the gorge is of Glacial and Post-glacial development. The portion of the geological history of the Bronx, there- fore, that is discussed in this paper is so recent that it has not been felt to be necessary or appropriate to review the general production of the Cretaceous peneplain, whose stumps now form our singularly even hilltops and horizon line, but in the paper cited below its development will be found fully set forth.* The recent geologic history of the neighboring coast has a more direct bearing. As regards Long Island Sound, Professor Danat has supplied some very important points in the record. It is altogether probable that Long Island Sound was a river valley during a part at least of the Glacial Period, certainly before the ice covered it and built up the Long Island moraines. A well marked channel is still shown by soundings along the north shore of Long Island, and it is necessary to assume an elevation of 100 feet above its present position in order to account for these condi- tions. Other channels are also indicated, now, of course, drowned out by the Sound and choked up as regards some of their old outlets by drift. few months after the publication of Professor Dana’s paper, Dr. F. J. H. Merrill} recorded and interpreted evi- dence that indicates for the neighboring Hudson Valley ups and downs that of course the Bronx must have shared. Dr. Merrill states that, after the retreat of the continental glacier from this section, the land stood for a long time at a minimum depression of 80 feet below its present level. A gradual ele- *W. M. Davis, The Geological Dates of Origin of certain Topographic Forms on the Atlantic ee of the United States, Bulletin Geological So- ciety of America, II., 545, tJ. D. Dana, Long ee Sound in the Quaternary Era, with Observa- tions on the Submarine Hudson River Channel, Amer. Jour. Scz., Decem- ber, 1890, p. 425. See also John Bryson, Amer. Geol., November, 1896, p. 32 ee F. J. H. Merrill, Post- SS History of the Hudson River Valley, a Jour. Scz., Jane, 1891, p. 460. (85 ) vation followed to a point about 180 feet above its present posi- tion. During this elevation erosion must have been especially active. Depression followed of about roo feet, bringing the level down to its present position. The same sinking is still slowly progressing. All these changes must have affected the Bronx, although they do not modify the main contention set forth above regarding the diversion. Attention may be drawn to the rocking stone near the southern border of Bronx Park, and at the spot shown on the map. It is a fine specimen of its kind. It is about ro feet wide by § feet thick by 7 to 8 feet high and may be rocked so that its North pole swings through about 3 inches of arc. a —eeEe”—Fh icici ti is a alin slant aig ot eS & 3 22 ce? Setee ri a, CHAMERLY EA ? ath. s CRYPTOME) g ¥ ioe G. C Jp RAS aS) Ct {+ OC Sen pia pe 3 BETULA CE AYE yy anven cnmir SUE, ee ped pee Urs az fe & -SOED? £8 \P$6i22 > Y OCD YL ‘ -LOA/LLAAA Pe ek ee ) ae { : “Dyan Ye ees MAN S107 — ne Ps D - soe ange Z a o¢ue Ce pe c, ae ate GENERAL PLAN —- of — THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL CARDEN ‘ RPRERARED RY THE GOMT|/S S/O APPONWITER BY THE BOARD OF DIANA CEAS SUNE 17.0 1896 « SCALE OF FEET von aay, €/¥/6 ne ENGINEERED. Heme Porat Gre 2001 HOF Te PLANS COMMS SOR a aA/TrOr, Rome me RIOR ACE LE Oo, « oy ROAREES nO? CER ASE § : Ly SS Is 7a ga ae i ake tes! G th ¢ ry rn. >, 3 ts ee oe A 2 2 /7 EP ie Y hes Sod ax) e ERS “ay erren meow 7a, Ge FACACE FE fod ean ramiuy Bon ETULA CEASE oases is CO shoe pod WURSER Oe Ta izage- mm X%. O. Ava H.R ROR CA CELE, ST ewes 09 fe) aes \ DROPS ‘mva) PAM S. POMACEF \, ia = “Say WLMEARY PRIMEY ‘ i . CER ACE) See mane Famiy Pin / io} Ie PARKWAY PIVIS/ OLS S psevo0lARX @ THU YOR SIS Gece > en s 1», AAMERLY ARIS per. \ POMACEFERR YS: annie camiey, Ce 6 Ch be- (aes epee @ 3C 5 sor & oe, Sees uv Aen EE VOL. I. No. 38. BULLETIN ‘THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. CONTENTS: REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PLANS, SUBMITTED AND ACCEPTED T TEE ON PATRONS, FELLOWS AND ANNUAL MBERS, SUBMITTED AND ACCEPTED JANUARY I0, 1898,. . List oF ANNUAL MEMBERS, JANUARY 10, 1898, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR 56s: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR 1897,. List oF PLANTS IN GROUNDS AND TEMPORARY oe 1897, CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENT, JUNE 20, 1895; TO JANUARY IO, DESCRIPTION OF THE RaNGE OF HoRTICULTURAL HousEs, wiTH IL-— LUSTRATION, DESCRIPTION OF THE ‘Mosacn Bonsine: WITH rere Map or Bronx ParRK, SHOWING BOTANICAL GARDEN Ciscsce AND SITE APPROPRIATED FOR THE NEw YoRK ZOOLOGICAL Park, (ISSUED, FEBRUARY 15, 1898.] OPFIOCERS, 1898. PRESIDENT-—D, O. MILLS, VICE-PRESIDENT—ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—J. PIERPONT MORGAN, SECRETARY—N, L. BRITTON. BoARD OF MANAGERS. 1, ELECTED MANAGERS. ANDREW CARNEGIE, JOHN I. KANE, CHARLES F. COX, D. O. MILLS, W. BAYARD CUTTING, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, CHARLES P. DALY, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, WILLIAM E. DODGE, SAMUEL SLOAN, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT. 2, EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, HON. GEO. C. CLAUSEN. THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, HON. R. A. VAN WYCK. 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS. SETH LOW, CHAIRMAN. ADDISON BROWN, WM. BULKLEY HUBBELL, Cc. F. CHANDLER, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, J. F. KEMP, L. M. UNDERWOOD. DIREBOTOR-IN-OHIER. N,. L. BRITTON, BULLETIN OF The New York Botanical Garden Vol. 1. No. 3. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PLANS. (Submitted and accepted Jannary 10, 1898.) To THE Boarp or Manacers or THE NEw Yorx« Boran- ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen; Your Committee on Plans, appointed June 18, 1895, would respectfully submit the following report: At the time of the Annual Meeting, held January 11, 1897, the General Plan of the Garden had already been submitted to the Board of Managers and approved by them, subject to such changes as may hereafter be found necessary. At that annual meeting your Board adopted the following resolutions : fresolved, That the plans and specifications, prepared by Mr. R. W. Gibson, architect for the museum building, power house, stable, Director’s house, head gardener’s house, sec- ond gardener’s house and closet, are hereby accepted and adopted, and the Secretary be and he is hereby instructed to transmit said plans and specifications, with a copy of this resolution, to the Commissioners of Public Parks for their ap- proval, in accordance with Chapter 285, Laws of 1891, as amended by Chapter 103, Laws of 1894 and Chapter 717, Laws of 1896. Resolved, That the Committee on Plans is hereby author- ized to transmit the drawings and specifications for the green- houses now in preparation by the Lord & Burnham Company (87) ( 88 ) as soon as they are completed and approved by the Commit- tee to the Commissioners of Public Parks. On January 20, 1897, the plans for the buildings, designed by Mr. Gibson, were formally transmitted to the Commission- ers of Public Parks, as well as a copy of the General Plan, previously adopted by your Board. On March 22, 1897, the plans for the first horticultural house and propagating houses, prepared by the Lord & Burnham Company, architects, were accepted and adopted by the Committee on Plans, subject to any needed modifications in detail and ordered transmitted to the Commissioners of Public Parks and they were so trans- mitted on March 31st. On May 27, 1897, the Secretary was advised by the President of the Commissioners of Public Parks that a special committee, whose opinion had been re- quested by the Department of Parks, did not approve of the site of the buildings and that the Commissioners deemed it wise and expedient that a meeting should be held with that Committee, with a view of coming to an agreement as to the site of the buildings at as early a date as possible. At a meeting of the Committee on Plans, held May 28, 1897, the following letter was adopted and ordered to be transmitted by the Chairman to the President of the Board of arks: Dear Sir: We accept with pleasure the invitation contained in your favor of the 27st inst. to meet your special committee with a view, as you suggest, of coming to an agreement as to the site of the pro- posed buildings. The importance of prompt action is great, as otherwise the entire season may be lost. We therefore hope that an early date may be fixed by you for the meeting at your office, and we trust that the members of the Park Board may be present. Yours respectfully, etc., The Commissioners of Parks arranged to meet your Com- mittee on Plans on June 7th, but the meeting was postponed until June roth, at which time the report of the Park Board’s special Committee was read, and it was resolved that the ( 89 ) conference adjourn to visit the grounds of the Garden on June 12th. The meeting at the grounds on June 12th was duly held, and the position of the buildings was discussed. Commis- sioner McMillan, of the Park Board, suggested changing the location of the first horticultural house, and requested the Director-in-Chief to attend a meeting of the Park Board on June 14th. At the meeting on June 14th the Park Commissioners in- formally offered to vote for the approval of the plans as pre- sented, if the site of the first horticultural house was changed either to the region between the Southern Boulevard and the road running southeast from Bedford Park station, or to the area between the Southern Boulevard and St. John’s College property. A meeting of the Committee on Plans was held to consider this proposition on June 18th, and the following resolutions were adopted : feesolved, That the Committee on Plans of the New York Botanical Garden consent to the proposition made by indi- vidual members of the Park Board to change the site of the first horticultural house to a position south of the Southern Boulevard. Feesolved, That in the opinion of the Committee it is de- sirable, in the event of such change, that the Southern Boule- vard be moved from its present position to a line along the boundary line of St. John’s College property, leaving the railroad crossing of the Southern Boulevard where it is now placed. Immediately upon the adjournment of this meeting the Committee on Plans held a conference with the Park Com- missioners and submitted a modified plan, showing the first horticultural house moved to a position south of the Southern Boulevard, and the power house to a position along the New York and Harlem railroad, south of the Southern Boulevard. On the request of Col. Cruger, of the Park Commissioners, it was agreed to withdraw for future consideration the plans ( 90 ) for the Director’s and the gardeners’ houses, and to submit the plan thus revised to the Park Commissioners on June 21, 1897. At the meeting of the Commissioners of Parks, held June 21st, the following resolution was adopted: Resolved, That the plans now before this Board, as pre- pared and submitted by the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, showing proposed buildings to be erected on the grounds allotted for the use of the New York Botanical Garden in Bronx Park, be and the same hereby are approved, reserving the right, however, to determine as to a driveway entrance at Scott Avenue, and the width thereof. Ata meeting of the Park Commissioners, held July 19, 1897, the following resolutions were adopted : Fesolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment be, and hereby is, respectfully requested to authorize the Comptroller to issue bonds to the amount of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000), in the manner provided by Chapter 285 of the Laws of 1891 as amended by Chapter 717 of the Laws of 1896, in such sums as may be from time to time required for the purpose of erecting Museum and other buildings on the lands allotted for the use of the New York Botanical Garden in Bronx Park. Fesolved, That the plans, specifications and forms of con- tract this day received for the erection of a Museum Build- ing, power house, stable, closet group and greenhouses in Bronx Park for the purpose of the New York Botanical Gar- den be approved, and the specifications and form of contract ordered printed, and when printed and approved as to form by the Council to the Corporation, and funds shall be avail- able therefor, that an advertisement be inserted in ‘* The City Record” inviting proposals for doing the work. ftesolved, That the selection by the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden of R. W. Gibson and Lord & Burnham Company as architects of buildings to be erected on the grounds set apart for the use of said Garden in Bronx Park, be and hereby is approved, and that the compensation (91) of said architects be and hereby is fixed at 5% of the cost of the several works upon which they may be respectively em- ployed. The Board of Estimate and Apportionment at a public meeting held on September 29, 1897, after hearing objec- tions, unanimously adopted the following resolutions : fresolved, That the resolution of this Board, adopted Oc- tober 30, 1895, authorizing the issue of bonds to the amount of Twenty-five Thousand Dollars ($25,000) for the Botanical Museum, Herbarium, etc., provided for by Chapter 285 of the Laws of 1891 be and the same hereby is rescinded, and Feesolved, That pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 285 of the Laws of 1891, as amended by Chapter 103 of the Laws of 1894 and Chapter 717 of the Laws of 1896, the Comp- troller be and is hereby authorized to issue bonds in the name of the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the City of New York, to be known as the ‘* Consolidated Stock of the City ot New York” as provided by section 132 of the New York City Consolidation Act of 1882, to an amount not exceeding Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) redeemable within such period as the Comptroller may determine, but not more than thirty (30) years from the date of issue and bearing interest at a rate not exceeding three and one-half (3%) per cent. per annum, the proceeds of which bonds shall be ap- plied to defray the expenses of constructing and equipping a suitable fire-proof building for a Botanical Museum and Her- barium with lecture rooms and laboratories for instruction, to- gether with other suitable buildings for the care and cultiva- tion of plants and the expenses necessarily incident thereto, as provided for in said Acts. The specifications for the buildings designed by Mr. Gib- son having already been printed and approved as to form by the Corporation Council, the Commissioners of Parks adver- tised for proposals for their erection in ‘¢ The City Record,” on the day following the authorization of bonds by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, and on October 18th re- ceived proposals from twelve different contractors, the lowest, ( 92 ) $354,000.00, from John H. Parker Company. The bid of this firm having been referred by the Park Board to the Cor- poration Council for his opinion as to its formality was pro- nounced by him informal and invalid, and on November 15th the Park Commissioners ordered the matter readvertised. On November 29th proposals were received from seven contrac- tors. That of the John H. Parker Company for $347,019.00 being again the lowest, the contract for the erection of the buildings designed by Mr. Gibson was, on December 6th, awarded to the John H. Parker Company for the amount of their bid. On December 28th the Secretary of the Committee was in- formed by Mr. McMillan, President of the Park Board, that the contract had been duly signed. On December 31, 1897, President McMillan of the Depart- ment of Parks, in the presence of representatives of the en- terprise and of the architects, the contractors and others, formally broke ground for the Museum Building with the following remarks: ‘¢ As President of the Department of Public Parks, I now pro- pose to break ground for the Botanical Museum that will soon adorn this beautiful spot. A great and progressive metropolis like ours has need of this noble structure; it has need of its example and of the splendid educational influences that will radiate from these walls. ‘¢T pray that success may attend this enterprise and that the last day of the year 1897 may become forever memorable by reason of the work which has called us together.” The specifications for the range of horticultural houses (first horticultural house) were sent by the Park Commission- ers to the Public Printer on December 3d, and proof of them was received on December 15th, corrected by the architects, and transmitted to the Corporation Council on December 16th. These specifications were returned by the Corporation Coun- cil tothe Park Board on December 24th, approved as to form, and were transmitted to the Public Printer for final printing. On December 27th a set of these plans was filed by the Lord (93 ) & Burnham Company, architects, at the office of the Building Department, which on December 30th approved the plans, and issued the necessary permit for the erection of the building. From the Mayor’s message of January 1, 1898, it appears that City bonds to the amount of One Hundred and Twenty- five Thousand Dollars ($125,000) have been issued towards the erection of the Museum Building. During the summer a plan showing the system of water supply pipes, taken from the General plan of the Garden, was submitted to the Chief Engineer of the Department of Public Works, with a request that permission be granted to place a connection with the 36-inch water main, running through the grounds, at a point in front of the site of the Museum Building, and on September 14, 1897, the plan was approved by him without modification, and the following permit received : The bearer has permission to place a six-inch connection on the 36-inch main in Bronx Park, east of Bedford Park Station, Harlem Railroad, without shutting off the main. £0. H. Brrpsatt, Chief Engineer. At a meeting of the Committee on Plans, held November 4, 1897, the Secretary was directed to address the following letter to the Commissioners of Public Parks: I am instructed by the Committee on Plans of the Board of Man- agers of the New York Botanical Garden to request your honor- able Board to include in the estimates for appropriations for the Department of Parks for 1898, the sum of $20,000.00, for the laying of water pipes and sewer pipes in the grounds set apart and provided for the use of the New York Botanical Garden in Bronx ark. The money provided by the Board of Estimate and Apportion- ment, under the act of incorporation, is applicable only to build- ings. The following answer was received, dated December 6, 1897: At a meeting of the Board of Parks, held on the 8th ult., the Board of Estimate and Apportionment was requested to include in (94) the appropriation the sum of $20,000.00 to provide for sewer and water pipes in Bronx Park, as requested in your communication of the same date. Pursuant to such action, a request for the appro- priation of the sum named was duly communicated to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment. Respectfully, Wittram Leary, Secretary. Being informed that $50,000.00 additional appropriation for the parks north of the Harlem had been made by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, but that the item for water pipes and sewer pipes for the Botanical Garden had not been specified, your Committee requested the Board of Estimate and Apportionment to specify this item, in order that the money might be available when needed; but your Committee is informed that the Board decided that it did not have the power to do so. At a meeting of the Committee on Plans, held November 4, 1897, the Secretary was instructed to transmit the follow- ing letter to the Commissioners of Public Parks: I am instructed by the Committee on Plans of the Board of Managers, New York Botanical Garden, to request you to construct driveways and paths of the Garden north and east of the Southern Boulevard, in accordance with the general plan filed with your honorable Board on June 12th, 1897. Iam further instructed to say that in the opinion of the Com- mittee it is most desirable that the driveways and paths in the vicinity of the site of the museum building should be promptly con- structed. The following letter, dated Nov. 17th, 1897, was received in reply: At a meeting of the Board of Parks, held on the 15th inst., the matter of the request of your Board of Managers, as contained in your communication of the 15th inst., respecting the construction of driveways and paths in the Botanical Garden grounds north and east of the Southern Boulevard in Bronx Park, was considered and approved, the work to be done at such time as funds may become available for the purpose. Respectfully, Witiiam Leary, Secretary. (95) There being an unexpended balance to the credit of the Park Department from the funds for the improvement of parks, parkways and drives, application was made therefor by the Board of Parks, and notice thereof given to the Secre- tary of your Committee by the following letter dated Decem- ber 15th, 1897. At a meeting of the Board of Parks, held on the 13th inst., ap- plication was made to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for an issue of. bonds to the amount of $15,000, under the provi- sions of Chapter 194, Laws of 1896, ‘‘An Act providing for the Improvement of Parks, Parkways and Drives,” for the purpose of constructing driveways and paths in the New York Botanical Gar- den grounds, north and east of the Southern Boulevard in Bronx Park. Respectfully, Wiiriam Leary, Secretary. On December 17th, the Secretary caused a map to be made, taken from the general plan, showing the proposed plaza, and driveway running east from Bedford Park Station, to- gether with the estimates of the amount of material necessary for its construction, and these were transmitted to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment by the Secretary of the Park Department to illustrate the above application which was thereafter allowed, as stated in the following letter to the Chairman of your Committee, dated December 27th, 1897: At a meeting of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, held December 23d, 1897, a resolution authorizing the issue of $15,000, for expense of constructing paths and driveways in the Botanical Garden in Bronx Park was adopted. Very respectfully, Cuas. V. ADEE, Clerk. Under authority from your Committee the Chairman and Secretary, on December 17, 1897, approved for the Com- mittee a bill of R. W. Gibson, architect, for $8,675.47, being 214% upon the amount of the contract awarded to the John H. Parker Company, $347,019, and transmitted it to the Board of Parks, by whom it was approved, as appears from the fol- lowing letter to the Secretary, dated December 22, 1897: (96 ) At a meeting of the Board of Parks, held on the 2oth inst., a bill . W. Gibson, Architect, amounting to $8,675.47 on account of services in connection with Botanical Garden buildings in Bronx Park, was approved, audited and ordered transmitted to the Finance Department for payment. Respectfully, Witiiam Leary, Secretary. It may be of interest to remark that by § 613 of the Act of the Legislature of this State, establishing the Greater New York, which went into effect on the 1st of January, 1898, it is provided that, ‘‘It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Parks for the borough of the Bronx to maintain the New York Botanical Garden and the buildings appurtenant thereto, and such other institutions or buildings as may be established or erected in any park, square or public place in his jurisdiction by authority of the municipal assem- The same duty in the same language is imposed upon the Commissioner for the Boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond as respects the Museum of Natural History, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Central Park and the Aquarium in Battery lace. The same section of the Act further provides : ‘¢ Tt shall be the duty of the several commissioners to provide the necessary instruments, furniture and equipments for the several buildings and institutions within their respective jurisdictions, and, with the authority of the municipal assembly, to develop and im- prove the same, and to erect additional buildings; but the mainte- nance of all such buildings and institutions shall be subject to the provisions of the acts incorporating said institutions, or either of them, and the acts amendatory thereof, and to the powers of said corporations thereunder, and of the boards by such acts created or provided for; and shall also be subject to and in conformity with such contracts and agreements as have heretofore been made with such institutions respectively, and are in force and effect when this act takes effect, or as may be hereafter made by the au- thority of the municipal assembly, and no moneys shall be ex- pended for such purposes unless an appropriation therefor has (97 ) been made by the board of estimate and apportionment and the municipal assembly. Out of the moneys annually appropriated for the maintenance of parks, each commissioner may apply such sum as shall be fixed by the board of estimate and apportionment for the keeping, preservation and exhibition of the collections placed or contained in buildings or institutions now situated or hereafter erected in the parks, squares or public places under the jurisdiction of such commissioner.” Section 625 of the same Act provides that, The Commissioner for the Borough of The Bronx is au- thorized and directed to carry out the existing contract made between the former Department of Parks and the New York Botanical Garden, providing for the allotment for the use of said Garden of two hundred and fifty (250) acres of land or less in the northern part of Bronx Park, as shown upon Map numbered 568, signed by Messrs. Vaux & Parsons, and filed by the former Department of Parks. In closing, your Committee are glad thus to report that after many delays the work of construction is at last begun. We do not foresee any grounds for further delays. The time for the completion of the Museum building is fixed by the contract at 350 days. The new Commissioner of Parks for the Borough of The Bronx has expressed great interest in our enterprise, and we are confident he will give all needful and proper support to its future development. Appison Brown, Chairman. New York, January, 10, 1898. ( 98 ) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS, FELLOWS AND ANNUAL MEMBERS. (Submitted and accepted January ro, 1898.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE New York Boran- ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen: t the annual meeting of January 11, 1897, it was re- ported that the number of persons who had qualified as annual members was 443 The number who have since qualified is 114 . 57 The number of members deceased and resigned during the year is 13 The total annual membership to date being 544 Annual dues for 1897 have been collected from 524 mem- bers, aggregating $5,240.00, which has been transmitted to the Treasurer as received. ‘The number of members in ar- rears for annual dues for 1897 is 20. A complete list of annual members to date is herewith sub- mitted. Joun Innes Kane, Chairman. LIST OF ANNUAL MEMBERS, JAN. 10, 1898. Robert Abbe, M.D., Frederic Baker, Frank Abbott, M.D., Geo. V. N. Baldwin, A. G. Agnew, N. A. Baldwin, John T. Agnew, Robert F. Ballantine, Wm. C. Alpers, Ewald Balthasar, Bernard G. Amend, Amzi Lorenzo Barber, G. Amsinck, E. W. Barnes, J. M. Andreini, John S. Barnes, John D. Archbold, Chas. T. Barney, Edmund 8. F. Arnold, M.D., John Hendley Barnhart, Reginald H. Arnold, William Barr, Wn. R. Barr, E. W. Bass, Thos. H. Bauchle, Chas. C. Beaman, Gerard Beekman, August Belmont, Geo. H. Bend, James H. Benedict, Mrs. Adolph Bernheimer, Chas. L. Bernheimer, Simon Bernheimer, Simon E. Bernheimer, Edward J. Berwind, Henry Beste, Samuel R. Betts, Francesco Bianchi, Eugene P. Bicknell, L. Horatio Biglow, Isaac Bijur, Miss Elizabeth Billings, Chas H. Bisssell, Geo. Blagden, Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman, Louis H. Blakeman, Mrs. S. A. Blatchford, George oie Geo. T. Bl Lyman G. oneenie. Frank S. Bond, Hon. H. W. Bookstaver, Michael Brennan, M. P. Breslin, Marvin Briggs, Chas. Astor Bristed, Jno. I. D. Bristol, W. F. Brittain, (99 ) Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton, Frederic Bronson, Mrs. Kate M. Brookfield, John Crosby Brown, Robert I. Brown, H. B. Brundrett, William Bryce, Jr., W. Buchanan, Albert Buchman, Wn. Allen Butler, John Cabot, M.D., George Calder, Emil Calman, Henry L. Calman, Henry L. Cammann, James C. Carter, Wm. J. Cassard, John H. Caswell Frank R. Chambers, Jared Chittenden, arystie, E. Dwight Church, John k. Cilley, John Claflin, Wm. N. Clark, C. C. Clarke, Banyer Clarkson, isa Clarkson, Miss Mary T. Cockcroft, C. A. Coffin, ae H. Coffin, eae M. Cohen, N. A. Colburn, Miss Ellen Collins, ( 100 ) Alexander T. Compton, Miss Katharine Du Bois, E. C. Converse, Matthew B. Du Bois, Wm. L. Conyngham, Wm. A. Du Bois, C. T. Cook, John P. Duncan, s. C. T. Cook, Edward K. Dunham, Geo. Coppell, George H. Dunham, C. H. Coster, H. A. Du Pont, Chas. J. Coulter, Thomas Dwyer, Allyn Cox, Dorman B. Eaton, Francis Crawford, Newbold Edgar, Robert L. Crawford, Jarvis B. Edson, John D. Crimmins, Mrs. Jonathan Edwards, Frederic Cromwell, J. Pierrepont Edwards, Edwin A. Cruikshank, August Eimer, Chas. Curie David L. Einstein, Wm. Gilbert Davies, Mrs. Matilda A. Elder, Ira Davenport, Geo. W. Ellis, Richard Deeves, John W. Ellis, Robert W. DeForest, Wm. W. Elsworth, Miss Julia L. Delafield, John J. Emery, Maturin L. Delafield, Jr., Louis Ettlinger, Chas. de Rham, E. Eyre, Theo. L. de Vinne, Thos. H. Faile, W. B. Dickerman, Jas. G. Fargo, Chas. D. Dickey, Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, Mrs. Hugh T. Dickey, Wm. L. Flanagan, Geo. H. Diehl, Oliver S. Fleet, Chas. F. Dieterich, Miss Helena Flint, Miss Mary A. Dill, A. R. Flower, Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, J. D. Flower, Morgan Dix, Col. De Lancey Floyd-Jones, Cleveland H. Dodge, James B. Ford, Miss Grace H. Dodge, Edw. W. Foster, Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge, Mrs. A. Frankfield, Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., Joel Francis Freeman, C. W. Doherty, Henry Gade, L. F. Dommerich, Frank S$. Gannon, Mrs. Henry Dormitzer, Joseph E. Gay, O. B. Douglas, M.D., S. J. Geoghegan, John J. Drake, John J. Gibbons, ( 101 ) V. P. Gibney, Geo. D. Hilyard, R. W. Gibson, Wm. K. Hinman, Chas. J. Gillis, John H. Hinton, M.D., Frederic N. Goddard, Abbott Hodgman, W.N. Goddard, Very Rev. E. A. Hoffman, Chas. H. Godfrey, E. B. Holden, Edwin L. Godkin, E. R. Holden, Ogden Goelet, Henry Holt, Frederic Goodridge, Burrett W. Horton, Mrs. Frederic Goodridge, G. H. Houghton, Francis Goodwin, Lucius W. How, M.D., James J. Goodwin, Alfred M. ee Hon. Wm. R. Grace, Samuel N. Hoy Malcolm Graham, Gen. Thos. H. ae Henry Graves, John E. Hudson, John Greenough, Frank Hustace, Isaac J. Greenwood, William Hustace, Rey. David H. Greer, Clarence M. Hyde, Chester Griswold, Henry Iden, Jr., Jj. B. M. Grosvenor, John B. Ireland, W. C. Gulliver, Mrs. Adrian Iselin, W. S. Gurnee, Adrian Iselin, Jr., W. 5S. Gurnee, Jr., Theo. F. Jackson, J. and M. Haffen, A. Jacobi, James D. Hague, Robert Jaffray, Byron D. Halsted, A. C. James, Misa Laura P Halsted, D. Willis James, Chas. T. Harbeck, E. G. Janeway, J. Montgomery Hare, Samuel M. Jarvis, Marcellus Hartley, O. G. Jennings, Louis Haupt, M.D., Walter Jennings, G. G. Haven, James R. Jesup, R. Somers Hayes, Geo. Pryor Johnson, J. Waldemar Hayward, Adrian H. Joline, Homer Heminway, Mrs. John D. Jones, Chas. R. Henderson, Walter R. T. Jones, Jos. J. Henderson, S. Nicholson Kane, Edmund Hendricks, Mrs. H. F. Kean, Samuel Henshaw, Mrs. A. B. Kellogg, James K. Hill, Mrs. Chas. Kellogg, ( 102 ) Thos. H. Kelly, H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, Mrs. Catherine L. Kernochan, Geo. A. Kessler, Wm. Kevan, E. L. Keyes, Adolph L. King, David H. King, Jr., Herman Knapp, Henry C. F. Koch, Chas. Kohlman, Percival Kithne, H. R. Kunhardt, Jr., Woodbury Langdon, J. D. Lange, Jesse Larrabee, Mrs. Samuel Lawrence, W. V. Lawrence, J. D. Layng, Emanuel Lehman, Arthur L. Lesher, Mrs. John V. B. Lewis, Philip Lewisohn, Wm. S. Livingston, Wm. C. Lobenstine, Walter S. Logan, August Lueder, Win. T. Lusk, Walther Luttgen, David Lydig, Samuel H. Lyman, James D. Lynch, Mrs. Alida McAlan, C. W. McAlpin, Geo. L. McAlpin, Thos. J. McBride, J. Jennings McComb, Mrs. W. H. McCord, John A. McCreery, M.D., Thos. A. McIntyre, D. E. MacKenzie, Rev. Haslett McKim, George William McLanahan, Chas. Mallory, Theophilus M. Marc, Louis Marshall, Brander Matthews, Robert Maxwell, David Mayer, Harry Mayer, Mrs. Emma Mehler, Payson Merrill, Henry Metcalfe, J. Meyer, Thos. C. Meyer, S. M. Milliken, Roland G. Mitchell, Peter Moller, John Monks, Alphonse Montant, John G. Moore, Wm. H. Helme Moore, E. D. Morgan, Geo. H. Morgan, A. H. Morris, A. Newbold Morris, Henry Lewis Morris, Geo. Austin Morrison, Ed. M. Muller, Jas. B. Murray, Isaac Myer, Miss Agnes C. Nathan, Adam Neidlinger, m. Nelson, George G. Nevers, Geo. L. Nichols, A. Lanfear Norrie, Gordon Norrie, James A. O’Gorman, E. E. Olcott, Dwight H. Olmstead, Robert Olyphant, Adolphe Openhym, Cortlandt Parker, Charles Parsons, John E. Parsons, Jj. M. Patterson, Geo. Foster Peabody, Alfred Pell, Wm. Hall Penfold, Samuel T. Peters, Anton Pfund, Fred. S. Pinkus, Gilbert M. Plympton, Henry W. Poor, De Veaux Powel, Joseph M. Pray, J. Dyneley Prince, Chas. Pryer, James Tolman Pyle, M. Taylor Pyne, Percy R. Pyne, Jas. H. Quintard, Gustav Ramsperger, ( 103 ) Geo. Curtis Rand, Whitelaw Reid, John B. Reynolds, John Harsen Rhoades, Charles Rice, Ph.D., Auguste Richard, Miss eee ML Roberts, ndrew J. Robinson, Frederick Rode, H. H. Rogers, N. C. Rogers, Theo. Rogers, Daniel G. Rollins, Clinton Roosevelt W. Emlen Roosevelt, Elihu Root, Lewis B. Root, Jacob Rothschild, Wm. Rothschild, Jacob Ruppert has. Howland Russell, Clarence Sackett, Reginald H. Sayre, Edward C. Schaefer, Robt. W. Schedler, Carl Schefer. J. Egmont Schermerhorn, Wm. Jay Schieffelin, Miss Jane E. Schmelzel, Paul G. Schoeder, S. L. Schoonmaker, Carl H. Schultz, C. Schumacher, H. C. Schwab, Adolph Schwarzmann, Mrs. Horace See, Isaac N. Seligman, T. G. Sellew, F. Seringhaus, Mrs. Angelica B. Shea, W. H. Sheehy, Edward M. Shepard, G. K. Sheridan, Gardiner Sherman, G. O. Shields, Robt. Simon, Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, Chas. S. Smith, Edward A. Smith, James R. Smith, Yans Sommerhoff, Chas. Sooysmith, A. W. Soper, Samuel Spencer, Paul N. Spofford, J. R. Stanton, James R. Steers, Benjamin Stern, Louis Stern, Francis L. Stetson, Lispenard Stewart, Wm. R. Stewart, Jos. Stickney, Miss Clara F. Stillman, James Stokes, Mason A. Stone, ‘Sumner R. Stone, ‘George Storm, Edward Sturges, F. K. Sturgis, Mrs. George Such, John S. Sutphen, Albert Tag, Edward N. Tailer, ‘Tozo Takayanagi, ( 104 ) Cc. A. Tatum, Miss Alexandrina Taylor, Peter B. Taylor, Stevenson Taylor, Win. E. Tefft, H. L. Terrell, Ernest Thalmann, Robert M. Thompson, Walter Thompson, William Thorne, E. Titus, Jr., William Toel, Wm. Toothe, Howard Townsend, H. L. Townsend, C. D. Tows, J. Evarts Tracy, Benj. I. N. Trask, Miss Susan Travers, rs. J. B. Trevor, Alfred Tuckerman, Paul Tuckerman, Edward P. Tysen, E. S. Ullmann, Miss Anna Murray Vail, Herbert Valentine, Mrs. Lawson Valentine, Chas. H. Van Brunt, Geo. R. Van Dewater, E. H. Van Ingen, Alfred Van Santvoord, Edgar B. Van Winkle, Miss Elizabeth S. Van Winkle, Geo. H. Vose, John Wagner, Hon. Salem H. Wales, Henry F. Walker, Antony Wallach, Win. I. Walter, E. A. Walton, Wm. T. Wardwell, Allan C. Washington, John I. Waterbury, Miss Emily A. Watson, H. Walter Webb, Mrs. John A. Weekes, Camille Weidenfeld, R. E. Westcott, Jjno. M. E. Wetmore, M.D., Geo. G. Wheelock, M.D., Win. E. Wheelock, MD., Horace White, Stanford White, J. Henry Whitehouse, Wm. Wicke, Edward A. Wickes, ( 105 ) C. G. Williams, Washington Wilson, John D. Wing, Grenville L. Winthrop, Robert Dudley Winthrop, Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee, Ernest G. W. Woerz, Emil Wolff, Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood, F. F. Woodward, R. S. Woodward, W. H. Woolverton, Miss Cornelia S. Wray, Edw. L. Young, Andrew C. Zabriskie, O. F. Zollikoffer, ( 106 ) REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR- IN-CHIEF (Submitted and accepted January 11, 1897.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York Boran- ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen: JI have the honor to submit herewith my report as Secretary for the year ending January 11, 1897, and as Director since my appointment to that office on July 1, 1896. Preparation of Plans. The development of the general plan of the grounds and of the plans for the buildings has been continuously prose- cuted under the direction of the Committee on Plans appointed, with power, on June 18, 1895, and of its sub-com- mittee, appointed December 6, 1895, assisted by a commis- sion of experts, appointed by the Board of Managers on June 17, 1896, as well as by advice and suggestions given by a large number of other experts from time to time. The Committee on Plans obtained preliminary designs for the main buildings by means of a competition in which nine sets of plans were submitted by architects for the Museum Building and four sets of plans for the greenhouses. On June 17, 1896, the Committee reported to the Board of Managers that they had selected the preliminary plans, sub- mitted by Mr. R. W. Gibson, for the Museum Building, and the preliminary greenhouse plans, submitted by the Lord & Burnham Company, and these selections were ratified by the Board of Managers, subject to the approval of the Com- missioners of Public Parks. This action was duly transmitted to the Commissioners of Public Parks and the following letter was received in reply: Dear Sir: Your letter of June 18th, enclosing copy of resolutions passed by the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, was submitted to our Board to-day, and I am authorized to inform ( 107 ) you that the Board of Park Commissioners cannot approve of plans until they are submitted in a complete form, together with specifica- tions. We believe that Mr. R. W. Gibson is in every way qualified to do the work, and also that Messrs. Lord & Burnham are among the leading contractors in their line, and while we look favorably upon your selection, we cannot approve of their appointment nor of the plans, until the same are completed and the locations of the various buildings given. Yours truly, S. V. R. Crucer, President. This letter was submitted to Mr. R. W. Gibson and to the Lord & Burnham Company, together with the action taken by the Board of Managers, and they were requested to com- plete the plans and specifications, as required by the Commis- sioners of Public Parks. The plans and specifications, since prepared by Mr. Gib- son, are submitted complete to the Board at this meeting ; those prepared by the Lord & Burnham Company are also submitted very nearly in complete form, only a few days more of office work being required to perfect them. The detailed study which has been needed to bring the plans to their present condition has required much time, but it is believed that the plans are now satisfactory in all respects, and that the buildings constructed from them will admirably serve the purposes for which they are designed. The general plan of the grounds, showing the positions selected for all the principal departments of the Garden, the roads and paths, together with grade sheets, showing the sys- tem of drainage, water supply and sewerage, were finally prepared by the Commission of Experts appointed on June 17, 1896, in codperation with the Committee on Plans; it was submitted to the Board of Managers with the approval of the Committee on Plans on November 30, 1896, and was unanimously adopted by the Board on December 12, subject to such changes as may hereafter be found necessary. ( 108 ) Planting. Borders. The planting of a border along the New York and Harlem Railroad, from the Southern Boulevard to the north- west corner of the Garden, was begunin April, 1896, and con- tinued in November; a primary screen of trees has thus been established along this whole line of about 3,000 feet, broken by the space planned for a plaza in front of the Bed- ford Park Station, and by the western end of the proposed lake site. A similar primary screen of trees has been planted along the northern border, from the New York and Harlem Railroad to the northeast corner of the Garden; and the eastern border has been partially planted from the northeast corner, south for about 500 feet. Thirty-six different species of trees have been used in this primary planting. The tem- porary nurseries supplied many of the trees, the remainder were purchased. NVursertes. Thetemporary nursery, established east of the Bronx in the fall of 1895, has been trebled in size, and another one located east of it and near the eastern border of the Garden, at the site suggested for a permanent nursery by the Plans Commission, has also been planted. The area occupied by the two together is about one acre, and they now contain, together with the borders, considered as additional temporary nurseries, about 11,300 trees, shrubs and perennial herbs, representing about 725 species, the material having mainly been purchased, though considerable has been raised from seed, or collected, or given. A portion of the marsh land near the northwestern corner of the Garden has been devoted to a temporary bog nursery. Seeds and roots of about twenty-five species of forest herbs and shrubs have been planted in the woods at several places. A complete card catalogue of the species in the whole Garden tract, both wild and introduced, is being made. Care of Plantations. The western border and the temporary nursery have been kept free from weeds by repeated hoeing, and many of the ( 109 ) plants have been moved to new positions during the fall, to obtain the advantage of transplanting and to improve the ap- pearance of the screen along the railway, where trees planted in the spring failed on account of the prolonged drought. Grading, Some preliminary grading was done in the spring in pre- paring the ground for the tree border along the New York and Harlem Railway. In August grading operations were begun along the South- ern Boulevard where the banks of this road and an area of about two acres just south of it presented a very bad appear- ance. These banks were left in a very rough state when the Boulevard was constructed, and the two acre tract alluded to was used as a borrow pit several years ago for the building of roads in the vicinity of the park, its natural surface being thus destroyed. The banks of the Boulevard were graded to a slope of two to one by plowing and hand labor, and 4,000 cubic yards of soil, mostly topsoil, were obtained from Mr. J. B. McDonald, contractor for the excavation of the Jerome Park Reservoir, under the agreement entered into between him and the Board of Managers, which permits him to oper- ate a temporary line of railway across the northern part of the Garden. The soil thus obtained was spread over the denuded tract by him, and its rough edges were graded down. All that now remains to do to put this region in good order is to sow the restored two-acre tract with grass seed, to tace the Boulevard banks with topsoil, reserved for that purpose, and to sow them as well; this work should be done as soon as spring opens. A small amount of earth from the grading of these banks was used to fill up seven unsightly and danger- ous cellar excavations of houses previously standing on the grounds, near the line of the Southern Boulevard. Drainage. Awaiting the completion of the general plan no permanent drains have been built, but the natural water courses have been opened and kept free from obstruction. ( 110 ) Temporary Greenhouse. At the request of the Director, the President of Columbia University has kindly consented to permit the use of the greenhouse at the new Columbia University site, 116th Street and Amsterdam Avenue, for preserving tender plants during the present winter. The plants which have been placed there number 148 specimens. All these have been presented, as will be seen from the record of gifts appended to this report. Seeds of a large number of others have been planted in this greenhouse and space has been provided by constructing some new shelving to plant many more; seeds are being con- tinually received from various sources, and it will be possible to sow several hundred species in the late winter and early spring. Care of the Grounds. From time to time during the year, dead and unsightly trees and shrubs, and trees of inferior appearance which in- terfered with the good ones, have been taken down, and many others have been pruned of dead branches. The tract is so liberally provided with trees that this work will need to goon, to a greater or less extent, every year. Fallen branches have also been cleared away, and loose stones have been re- moved from much of the site. The hay of the tract was cut in July and August by George Hudson, of Bronxdale, on shares, he taking one-half and stacking one-half on the grounds. The part stacked has since been sold for $191.82, and this sum deposited with the Treasurer. Williamsbridge and Bronx Park Sewer. The Commissioner of Street Improvements of the 23d and 24th wards asked permission from the Board of Managers, in the spring, to construct a sewer across the northern part of the Garden, from Newell Avenue to a point on the N. Y. and Harlem Railway opposite the Mosholu Parkway, together with a branch extending to the eastern boundary of the Gar- den, the object being to connect the unfinished sewer system ( 111 ) of Williamsbridge, which had no outlet, with the large sewer extending south from Bedford Park under Webster Avenue, and thus to improve the sanitary condition of Williamsbridge, and to afford a sewer connection to the region east of Bronx Park. The course for this sewer selected by the engineers of the Department of Street Improvements, in consultation with the Secretary of the Board of Managers, places the en- tire line under ground, with the exception of a small portion near the two ends of its extent through the Garden, at which points the low embankments necessitated by the grades will be covered by the grading operations required in the con- struction of the proposed system of permanent roads; there is also a low embankment left just west of where this sewer passes under the Bronx, but the adjoining land may here be readily graded so as to remove any unsightly feature. The construction of this main sewer, now nearly completed, has rendered it practicable to plan the minor sewers of the Gar- den that serve the several buildings, so as to connect with it, spurs from the main sewer having been liberally provided, and their location established on our maps. Temporary Railway for the Construction of the Jerome Park Reservoir. Mr. John B. MacDonald, contractor with the city for the excavation and building of the new reservoir at Jerome Park, made application to the Board of Managers on January 13, 1896, for permission to construct a temporary railway across the Garden for the purpose of transporting the great amount of earth and rock from these excavations to points east of the Garden, the tracks of this railway to cross the site mainly on an elevated trestlework. His request was endorsed by the Aqueduct Commissioners and by other city officials. With much reluctance, and after a careful consideration of the location of the line of the railway by the Committee on Plans, seeking to so place it as to interfere least with plans for the development of the tract, an agreement was finally entered into by the Board of Managers granting him the de- sired permission. ( 112 ) The construction of the temporary railway was begun September 1, 1896, and is now so far completed that trains are running over it nearly to the eastern side of the Garden. Annual [Members and Fellows. Upon the invitation of the Committee on Patrons, Fellows and Annual Members, 443 persons have qualified as Annual Members, under the conditions established by the Board of Managers on March 4th and May 5th, 1896, and four per- sons have qualified as Fellows. Library. The formation of a library has been begun by the receipt of numerous books and pamphlets, as recorded in the sched- ules appended to this report. Museums and Herbarium. The material accumulated during the year for the museums and herbarium is also tabulated in an appendix to this report. It has not been definitely divided into specimens for the mu- seums and for the herbarium, from the fact that the material has mostly been stored, and until cases are ready for its re- ception, it is not possible to determine just what portions of it will be finally placed in the one and what in the other. Lectures. In codperation with the American Museum of Natural History, two lectures were delivered in April, 1896, before appreciative audiences, in the large lecture hall of the Museum, as follows: April r1rth, ‘‘ Natural Scenery and Landscape Gardening,” by Professor L. H. Bailey, of Cornell University. April 18th, ‘Illustrations of the Desert Flora of Southern California,” by Frederick V. Coville, of the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. Bulletin. The publication of a BULLETIN, authorized by the Board of Managers, was begun by the issuing of the first number, a pamphlet of 21 pages with an outline map of the site, to all ( 113 ) members of the corporation, annual members, and a selected list of the botanical, horticultural, and agricultural institu- tions, societies and journals. An edition of 2,000 was printed, and copies have been sent to all persons who have since qualified as annual members. The second number of the BULLETIN, a pamphlet of 85 pages, and containing a copy of the general plan of the Garden, bears date January 1, 1897, and is now being distributed. Appendix 1. ACCESSIONS OF MATERIAL. 1. Lebrary. CompPLETE PAMPIILETS VOLUMES. Massachusets Horticultural Society,....0........... 2 Thomas Craig I American Museum of Natural FHistory,......,... I hio Agricultural Experiment Station,........... 4 Agricultural aie Station, ee Island ollege of Agricult 2 Professor L. M. Underwood, nearly complete collection of bulletins and reports of agricul- tural experiment stations, about........ ...... I 1,800 Miss Anna Murray Vail,....... ccc cceee eee e ee 5 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry I U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Vegetable Pathology and Physiology,......... 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Botany I Professor H. H. Rusby 4 74 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station,...... I Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,...... 2 N. Y. Agricultural Experiment Station,......... 4 Rochester Academy of Sciences 2 I I 6 I Professor Thomas C. Porter Mr. William E. Dodge ; Natural History Society of Glasgow,.............. Samuel Henshaw,........... 2 (114) Metropolitan Museum of Art Director-in-Chief, 12 Books accompanying Ellis Mycological Collec- tion 22 , =! 2. Herbarium and Aluseum. Mycological Collection of J. B. Ellis (pur- chased), estimated at........ccc eee cece eee 70, Residual herbarium of the late P. V. Le Roy (purchased), estimated at 15,000 Plants from Western Mexico, collected by F. H. Lamb (purchased),.. .........6. ceceeeeeeeeee 195 Plants from Arizona, collected by Professor J. .W. Toumey (purchased), about 400 Plants from the Lower Orinoco River, collected y Professor H. H. Rusby (purchased) ...... 478 Collection of Newfoundland and Labrador lichens, made by the Rev. A. C. Waghorne (purchased), 135 R. Friedlander & Sohn, two collections of cryptogamic plants (purchased), about........ 1,000 Collection of lichens, made by Mr. B. F. Fink, (purchased) 95 Plants collected by A. A. Tyler, to illustrate the local flora (purchased), about............... 1,650 Collection of lichens and alge, made by Dr. A. Schneider, to illustrate the local flora (pur- chased), about 750 Herbarium of the late Harry Edwards, pre- sented by Mrs. Esther Herrman, about......... 4,000 Herbarium presented by Miss Anna Murray Vail, about ,000 Collection of Ferns and Fern Allies of Madeira, presented by Dr. Adelbert Fenyes, about ..... 50 Professor George M. Beringer 5 Director-in-Chief, miscellaneous specimens, about (115 ) Plants to illustrate local flora, collected by Mr. eo. V. Nash, Assistant, about Plants from Nebraska, collected by Rev. J. M. Bates John H. Lovell, Waldboro, Me Professor Thos. C. Porter Professor S. M. Tracy, Mississippi Thorn Trees, Eugene P. Bicknell, from the vicinity of New York City A. Franchet, Jardin des Plantes, Paris,........... Professor C. H. Peck, State Botanist of New Dr. T. E. Wilcox, Arizona Professor L. H. Bailey, Cornell University,...... H. H. Rusby, collection of fruits of New York plants, preserved in formalin, Dr. . H. Rusby, collection of fruits from Venezuela, ......... Dr. H. H. Rusby, collection of fruits trom Mexico Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Pacmania Mosses, Professor H. H. Rusby, miscellaneous museum material, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology, seeds of the Giant Cane,......... Professor H. G. Jesup, New Hampshire spruces, 2,200 specimens. 13 4 28 9 a 2 99,716 3. Nurseries and Borders. A. Shrubs and Trees Purchased from various sources Raised from seed Presented by Professor L. H. Bailey, Soul- ard Crab Apple ( 116 ) B. Perennial Herbs Purchased from various sources, 1,968 specimens. Presented by Samuel Henshaw, 66 Raised from seed, obtained from various sources, about 1,500 es 8,890 - 4. Temporary Greenhouse. Miss Louise Veltin, a large palm I 6 Mr. John H. Scriven, large tropical plants,...... 4 a Miss F. E. Lyon, Serpent Cactus, .. ...........6+ I 7 Mr. Wm. H. S. Wood, miscellaneous collection, 20 7 Mrs. W. M. Gawtry, Cacti and other succulents, 8 7 Mr. C. F. Very, bulbs of Grayson County Lily,.. 6 “6 Mrs. W. E. Dodge, Century Plants,............... 2 st Mr. J. H. Hayward, collection of bulbs from Madiera, pads 25 ns Rev. L. H. Lighthipe, a large Podzsettia,...... I st) Mr. Samuel Henshaw, miscellaneous collection of plants and bulbs 70 ae Mrs. Samuel R. Filley, Century Plant,........... I us Dr. T. E. Wilcox, seedlings of Agave Palmert 3 oe Mrs. N. L. Britton, Cacti from Mexico,......... 6 of 148 ee Mrs. Geo. Such, collection of orchids and other tropical plants, reserved for the Garden in her greenhouse at South Amboy, N. J., about..... 400 as Appendix 2. EXPENDITURES UNDER APPROPRIATIONS MADE BY THE BOARD OF MANAGERS, FROM OCTO- BER 9, 1895, TO JANUARY 11, 1897. APPROPRIATION FOR TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY AND Map. 1895. Cr. Oct. 9, $2,000.00 1896. Dr. Jan. 9,..... Estate of A. H. Napier, $1,500.00 Estate of A. H. Napier,......... .. 500.00 $2,000.00 C417) APPOPRIATION FOR LABELS. 1895. Cr. Oct. 9, $ 500.00 Dr. Expended, § 215.33 Transferred to appropriation for engineering, gardening and landscape architecture,........... 150.00 365.33 Balance $ 134.67 APPROPRIATION FOR ELECTROTYPE OF Map AND PRINTING. 1895. Cr. Oct. 19 $ 20.00 Dr. National Photo-engraving Co.,......... 15.80 Balance $ 4.20 APPROPRIATION FOR THE PURCHASE OF SEEDS. 1895. Cr. Oct. 9, $5.00 Dr. Expended 5-00 APPROPRIATION FOR THE TEMPORARY NURSERY. 1895. Cr. Oct. Oy ccrcececee seneeeees $500.00 Dr. Expended 476.04 Balance $23.96 APPROPRIATION FOR SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS. 1895. Cr. Oct. 9, $250.00 1896. Dr. Feb. 20, Secretary, clerical assistance,.... ... $50.00 Mar. 23, S. Henshaw, removing trees, ........ 125.00 ‘¢ 20, Secretary, clerical assistance,......... 50.00 Apr. 18, Secretary, cleaning grounds, ......... 25.00 $250.00 ( 118 ) APPROPRIATION FOR COMMITTEE ON ANNUAL MEMBERS. 1896. Cr. Mar. 4, $300.00 May 5 100.00 $400.00 Dr. Expended for circulars and postage, ... $390.30 Balances ici vesas taki $9.70 APPROPRIATION FOR PLANS OF MusEuM BUILDING. 1896. Cr. Mar. 4 $2,000.00 1896. Dr. Aug. 4,.....N. Le Brun & Sons, fee for sub- mitting competitive plans for the Museum Building,.......... $400.00 Ernest Flagg, fee for submitting competitive plans for the Mu- Clinton & Russell, fee for submit- ting competitive plans for the Museum Building, ............... 400.00 Nov. 3,...... Transferred to appropriation for engineering, gardening, and landscape architecture,.......... 400.00 2,000.00. APPROPRIATION FOR BuLietin, Vou. I., No. 1. 1896. Cr. Mar. 4, $100.00 Expended, ( 119 ) APPROPRIATION FOR LECTURES. 1896. Cr. Mar. 4 $150.00 Dr. Expended, 102.00 Balance, ................065 $ 48.00 APPROPRIATION FOR SCREEN OF TREES ALONG RAILROAD. 1896. Cr. Mar. 4 $700.00 Dr. Expended, 700.00 APPROPRIATION FOR SCIENTIFIC Directors, ASSISTANT TO SEC- RY. 1896 Cr. May 5 $675.00 Dr. Expended, 600.00 Balance, $75.00 APPROPRIATION FOR LABOR AND TEAMS. 1896. Cr. May 5, $675.00 Dr. Expended 624.41 Balance $50.59 APPROPRIATION FOR SCIENTIFIC DirEcTORS, FOR ENGINEERING, GARDENING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE. 1896. Cr. Ma $500 fore) Y weed Nov. 30, Transferred from appropriation for plans of Museum Building,........ 400.00 ( 120 ) Transferred from appropriation for labels, 150.00 Appropriation increased by Scien- tific Directors from General Fund, 280.00 1897. Jan...6, Appropriation increased by Scien- tific Directors from appropriation for museum material 50.00 Appropriation increased by Scien- tific Directors from appropriation for purchase of Cuban collection, 70.00 $1,450.00 Dr. Expended $1,431.40 Balance $18.60 APPROPRIATION FOR ScrenTiFic DirEcTors, FOR PRELIMINARY DRAINAGE AND GRADING. 1896. Cr. May 5, $1,000.00 Dr. Expended 994.66 Balance, 0.0.0... ee $5.34 APPROPRIATION FOR S . Directors, GENERAL FunpD. 1596. Cr. May5 $2,150.00 1896. Dr. June 9, Appropriation for museum, $1,000.00 Contingent fund for Director, ......... 250.00 For purchase of Cuban collection from L. H. Pammel, ................. 0.00 ‘Oct. 8, Appropriation for plants and planting, 500.00 Nov. 30, Added to Contingent Fund, .......... 50.00 Added to appropriation for engineer- ing, gardening and landscape ar- chitecture, 280.00 $2,150.00 ( 121 ) APPROPRIATION BY SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS, FROM GENERAL Funp, ror Museum MatTERIAL. 1896. Cr. June 9, $1,000.00 Dr. Expended 946.98 Transferred to appropriation for engi- neering, gardening and landscape ar- chitecture, 50.00 Balance, ...........c00ceeeee $3.02 APPROPRIATION BY SCIENTIFIC DirECTORS, FROM GENERAL Funp, FoR ConTINGENT Funp. 18y6. Cr. June 9 $250.00 Nov. 30, Appropriation from general fund,... 50.00 "$300.00 Dr. Expended $284.77 Balance, .............2.0005 $15.23 APPROPRIATION BY ScrentTiFIC DirEcTORS, FROM GENERAL UND, FOR PuRCHASE OF CUBAN COLLECTION, L. H. PamMet. 1896. Cr. June 9, $70.00 Dr. Transferred to appropriation for en- gineering, gardening and landscape architecture, 70.00 APPROPRIATION BY SCIENTIFIC DirEcToRS, FROM GENERAL Funp, FoR PLANTS AND PLANTING. 1896. Cr. Oct. 8 $500.00 ] Dr. Expended, naiiadetebs 490.35 Balance, $ 3.65 (122 ) APPROPRIATION FOR THE PURCHASE OF THE HERBARIUM OF Dr. H. E. Hasse. 1896. Cr. Nov. 30 $337.50 Dr. Expended 337-50 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND fDIRECTOR- IN-CHIEF. (Submitted and accepted January 10,2898.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw YorkK Botan- ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith my re- port as Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the year ending January 10, 1898: Planting. Nurserzes. The nurseries, located in the east side of the Garden grounds, have been carefully cultivated through- out the season, and have furnished several thousand plants for the Herbaceous Grounds and Borders. A range of cold frames was built along one edge of the eastern nursery early in April, and seeds of about 2,700 species of plants, received from the Royal Gardens at Kew, the Botanical Garden of Smith College, Northampton, Mass., and other sources, were sown in them and in the open nursery ground. A large proportion of these seeds germinated during the season, and those of the woody plants have been allowed to remain in the ground undisturbed, as many of them are expected to germi- nate next year. Young plants and seedlings of some 75 species of shrubs and trees, not heretofore contained in the nurseries, have been obtained by purchase, gift and collec- tion. In October and November the nursery material of shrubs and trees, planted in the fall of 1895, was transplanted to the borders, some of them planted to remain there permanently, but most of them ultimately to go into place in the Fruticetum and Arboretum. It is designed to suitably label these in the spring, so that they may be conveniently studied by visitors. The ground thus relieved will be devoted to herbaceous plants during the next season. Borders. The border plantations along the New York and Harlem Railroad and the eastern and northeastern sides of the grounds have been cultivated, kept free of weeds, and where trees and shrubs had failed they have been replaced. The plants made good growth during the season, and already screen the trains from the grounds along a considerable por- tion of the western border. The planting is so arranged, however, that, with suitable thinning, vistas into the grounds from the railway will be provided. flerbaceous Grounds. The planting of the herbaceous grounds, in accordance with the plan adopted, was begun in April and continued throughout the season. The beds for the different families of plants were dug in such a way as to provide a place for each family, of which representative spe- cies had been secured, and only about enough ground to provide space for the species in hand was dug for each fam- ily. Some 1,500 species, the majority of them perennials, were collected in the tract during the year, and most of them flowered. They were provided with stake labels, giving the common name, botanical name, and native country, and were visited and studied by many people during the summer and autumn. The greensward around and between the beds was mowed with a one-horse mowing machine, provided with a heavy roller, at intervals of about ten days, and the inequali- ties of the surface have been leveled, and the rough places have been graded and sown. The drainage of the area has been brought under satisfactory control by lowering the out- let of the central stream at the southern end. The rough stone wall at the eastern side of the grounds, where it joins the forest reserve, has been broken up, the stones removed ( 124 ) and vistas opened into the forest. Additional shade for the western side of this tract has been provided by the planting of trees and shrubs, of species related to the herbaceous plants which, in the arrangement, are located along this side. The card-catalogue of species begun last year has been posted up as material has been obtained, and a complete record thus established of the origin of every plant. This includes the native flowering plants and ferns of the tract. A list of 2,682 species and varieties, showing their approxi- mate location, taken from this card-catalogue, is herewith presented. Grading. The grading of the banks of the Southern Boulevard and the denuded area between that road and the property of St. John’s College, which was begun in August, 1896, and con- tinued until December, was taken up again in the spring of 1897; 2,000 cubic yards of top soil were obtained from Mr. J. B. McDonald, under his agreement with the Board of Managers, spread over the graded area, and sown, with the result that by early summer no evidence of the former un- sightly appearance of this region was noticeable. In May work was begun in filling the bog places in the north meadows and the former reaches of the Bronx River, in carrying out the feature of the general plan to restrict the river to one channel. Dirt for filling was obtained from Mr. J. B. McDonald, under the agreement above alluded to, and dumped from his temporary trestle at points convenient for cartage. This work was continued at intervals until Decem- ber, with the result that about one-quarter of the amount of dirt required for the filling has been moved into place. All but two of the numerous cellar excavations which dis- figured the tract have been filled and properly graded. The work of filling the reaches of the Bronx in the north meadows may conveniently go on as opportunity offers. It will be convenient to continue it during the winter while the ground is frozen. (125 ) Temporary Greenhouse. The greenhouse on the Columbia University grounds at 116th St. and Amsterdam Ave., the use of which was kindly granted by the President of the University last year, has been very useful, and between 600 and 700 species of plants are now deposited in it, obtained from various sources. It was found necessary to repair parts of the roof and walls of this structure, but the expense incident to these repairs has been more than justified by the results. Willamsbridge and Bronx Park Sewer. The Williamsbridge and Bronx Park sewer, the construction of which across the grounds was begun by the Commissioner of Street Improvements of the 23d and 24th wards in 1896, under permission from the Board of Managers, was completed early in the year. Temporary Railway for the Construction of the Jerome Park Reservoir. This railway, constructed by Mr. J. B. McDonald, con- tractor for the city, for the excavation and building of the new reservoir at Jerome Park, under permission from and agreement with the Board of Managers, has been operated by Mr. McDonald throughout the year. No accident has occurred, as the crossings have been carefully guarded. Care of the Grounds. In continuance of the work begun last year, a considerable number of dead and imperfect trees have been removed from time to time during the year, dead branches pruned from oth- ers, and fallen branches gathered up and destroyed. There are now very few trees of imperfect character in the grounds to the west of the Bronx River, except in the densely wooded forest reserve where nature has, for the most part, been al- lowed to take her own course. The scattering of paper and other refuse by visitors, which was a source of considerable annoyance last year, has been greatly reduced by means of a number of sign-boards placed ( 126 ) at the entrances and elsewhere, and by personal request of our workmen, two of whom have been kept on guard on Sundays and holidays. Damage to the plants by the break- ing of limbs and picking of flowers has been reduced to an insignificant amount. In this attempt to enforce neatness and order we have had the codperation of the Park Police. The hay of the tract was cut in July and August by Geo. Hudson, of Bronxdale, on shares, and our share of it stacked; part of it was burned, probably by an incendiary ; the remainder has been sold for $60.00, and this amount de- posited with the Treasurer. Lectures. In codperation with the American Museum of Natural His- tory, a lecture was delivered in the large lecture hall of that institution on the evening of January 21, 1897, by Professor Henry H. Rusby, of the New York College of Pharmacy, on: ‘¢ A Study of the Economic Features of the Lower Orinoco Region.” Library. As will be seen by the appendix to this report regarding accessions of material, and by reference to the document of last year, a considerable amount of library material has al- ready been obtained. This has been acknowledged as far as practicable and has been boxed, awaiting opportunity for properly cataloguing and binding it. Most of it is deposited at the Lorillard Mansion at Bronx Park. The material received in exchange for the BULLETIN can readily be very greatly increased by correspondence, and it would appear desirable that provision be made for a librarian, whose duty it shall be to properly corr late ane arrange these books and pamphlets, and sen gments for them. For the present year it is proposed to ie this done under the appropriation for Special Assistance. Museums and Herbarium. The accumulation of museum and herbarium material has gone forward steadily during the year, and the accessions (127 ) are tabulated in the appendix to this report. Awaiting the construction of the museum building, the material has been stored as received, and is at present located: 1. In the Terminal Storage Warehouse, foot of West 28th Street. 2. In the old Columbia University Buildings, East 49th Street. 3. In the Lorillard Mansion at Bronx Park. 4. At the American Museum of Natural History. 5. At the College of Pharmacy on West 68th Street. 6. At the new Columbia University Buildings on Morning- side Heights, 8,600 specimens have been mounted for the herbarium and temporarily arranged for reference. Exchanges for dupli- cate material have been arranged with a number of institu- tions. Appendix I. ACCESSIONS OF MATERIAL. I. Liprary. Volumes. Pamphlets and parts. Purchased under the appropriation for Library,.. 76 Donated by Dr. John C. Miner I W. A. Bastedo, I Miss Anna Murray Vail 2 Professor L. MI. Underwood I By exchange with Mr. Arthur Hollick 20 Given by the Director-in-Chief 7 105 Given by Mr. Samuel Henshaw, .................4. 2 682 By exchange for Bulletin with other institutions, alist of which its given below, ...............0085 530 Total. 110 1,317 List or EXCHANGES. Lnstitutions. New York State Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History. ( 128 ) Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D. C. Director United States Geological Survey. ew Gardens, London, England. Botanical Department, Jamaica, West Indies. Jardin Botanique, Geneva, Switzerland. Botanical Garden, Trinidad, West Indies. Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. University Library, Upsala, Sweden. Denison University, Granville, Ohio. Konig]. Bot. Museum, Berlin, Germany. Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, Ill. eee: as cau pea Auburn, Ala. Tucson, Arizona. “6 “e ‘¢ Berkeley, Cal. 66 «“ 6c Fort Collins, Colo. ee 6“ ‘¢ New Haven, Ct. - &s ‘© Storrs, Ct a 4c 6 Newark, Del ae &c ‘© Lake City, Fla i “ ‘¢ Experiment, Ga 6 6 ‘© Moscow, Idaho fan 3 e Urbana, Ils Ce oc 6G Lafayette, Ind 6 « «Ames, Iowa ‘ 6c 6c Manhattan, Kans “ “ ‘¢ Lexington, Ky “ “s ‘¢ New Orleans, La & “ ‘© Baton Rouge, La ce 6 ‘¢ Orono, Maine «“ 6 ‘¢ College Park, Md “st ot ‘¢ Amherst, Mass ‘6 vc ‘¢ Agricultural College, Mich. “cs “6 “St. Anthony Park, Minn. me “ ‘© Agricultural College, Miss. “ te ‘© Columbia, Mo 6s “ ‘¢ Lincoln, Neb “ “e ‘* Reno, Nev os ts ‘© Durham, N. H “ & “ ew Brunswick, N. J. . tr ‘© Mesilla Park, N. Mex. ( 129 ) oe Popes Pe Geneva, N. Y. Ithaca, N. Y. 66 ‘ “© Raleigh, N. C 66 66 os F: rgo, Dak &s “ ‘«« Stillwater, Oni home: 46 ns ve State College, Penn. ‘ e ‘* Kingston, R. I. “ vs *¢ Clemson College, S. C. “ “ ‘¢ ~~ Brookings, 5. Dak. “6 “ ‘* Knoxville, Tenn. “ zi ‘¢ ~~ Logan, Utah. “ “ ‘s Burlington, Vt. vc a ce Blacksburg, Va. an ‘s ‘© Madison, Wis. Laramie, Wyoming. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Betanic Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio. New York Public Library. Smith College, Northampton, Mass. University of Wisconsin, Madison Victoria Gardens, Bombay, India. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. Journals. Botanical Gazette, University of Chicago. The Microscope, Washington, D. American Monthly Microscopical Tous Washington, D. C. Pharmaceutical Record, N. Y. City. Meehan’s Monthly, Philadelphia, Pa. Revue Bryologique, Cahan, Athis, France. Nuevo Notarisia, Jardin Botanique, Padua, Italy. Notarisia, Venice, Italy. Botaniska Notiser, Lund, Sweden. Erythea, Berkeley, Cal. American Gardening, N. Y. City. American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Penn. The Plant World, Washington, D Journal of Pharmacology, N. Y. City. Bulletin of Pharmacy, Detroit, Mich. ( 130 ) Soctettes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Connecticut Academy of Sciences, New Haven. Davenport Academy of Sciences, Iowa. Kansas Academy of Sciences, Topeka. Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston, Mass. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston. ouis Academy of Natural Sciences, Mo. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Association, Chapel Hill, N. C. Natural Science Association of Staten Island. New York Microscopical Society, Flatbush. Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Ohio. Pennsylvania Forestry Association, Philadelphia. Wisconsin Academy of Arts and Sciences, Madison. Edinburgh Botanical Society, Scotland. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria. Societe Botanique, Luxumburg, Belgium. Societe Botanique, Brussels, Belgium. Sociedad Broteriana, Jardin Botanique, Coimbra, Portugal. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Ayres, S. A Philadelphia Mycological Center, Penn. 2. Museums AND HERBARIUM. Specimens. Dr. H. H. Rusby, fruits from Mexico and Tropical America, preserved in formalin, purchased,...... ........ 75 Dr. H. H. Rusby, miscellaneous museum material, do- nated, 10 S. B. Parish, collection from Southern California, pur- CNASC Cy asesees eqcataseceangaiats asennad 280 P. K. Taylor, photographs of Brazilian plants, purchased... 45 A. W. Anthony, collection from Southern California, purchased, .......... 100 Herbarium of Dr. H. E. Hasse of Los Angeles, Cal., purchased, 6,500 . E. Ricksecker, collection from the Danish West Indies, purchased, 400 Dulau & Co., British Hieracia, purchased,...0.......... ...08 80 Thomas Howell, collection from Oregon and Washing- ton, purchased, ..... 50 ( 131 ) C. F. Sonne, collection from California, purchased, ........ A.D. E. Elmer, collection from Washington, purchased... B. F. Bush, collection from Missouri, purchased Robert Combs, Cuban collection, purchased,.. .............. P. A. Rydberg, Montana collection, purchased, . H. Wiggins, ae from Long Island, purchased ne as Howell, ieee collection, purchased F.L. Har rvey, Maine h t purchased tL W. M. Glatfelter, hybrid . Y sO) es oe - “oO 9. aa Je Aye West Farms “ “ery i) ae ge ‘ Os, & P38 “ IN, A" > 4 Me, . a ° wana 4 Moy Crore “tD oo. oRK ZOOLOGICA, 1 } L 7 SE A EN ND Ge a VOL. I. No. 4. BULLETIN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. CONTENTS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR 1898,.. . I7I APPENDIX I. ee OF MATERIAL, .. 1... ..0008.- 18 ares 2. SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING " 1898 UNDER ROPRIATIONS MADE BY THE BOARD OF MANAGERS,.. . 193 APPENDIX 3. LISTS OF PLANTS IN THE Ga ROUNDS, 1898,. 195 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS, FELLOWS AND Aoi MEM pe SUBMITTED JANUARY 9, nee INCLUDING List oF AN- NUAI MEMBERS, 2 REPORT OF THE aeere RY iCuEATORS OF THE Economrc Cor cacriOns TO TH RD OF SCIENTIFIC DIRHCTORS,...,...4..e6.. BOTANICAL tereennes CRIPTION OF A NEW STONECROP FROM MEXICO, BY N. L. RITTO: 2 THE oe Witnows OF + ARCTIC Wee AND rae Rockey. MOUNTAINS, BY P. A. RYDBERG, = .«...... 2 ee PLANTS OF THE SOUTHERN UNITED States BY K. Smatt, : : 278 NEw ee FROM THE a Souriean UNITED STATES, | BY Gro. Vv. ASH! 0540s ee te ae es ae a SA Sees Bs ee Path es Ge whe ae 290 REPRODUCTIONS oF PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN “WITHIN THE Gnounns, PLAT : [ISSUED APRIL 18, 1899.] OFFICERS, 1899. PRESIDENT—-D. O. MILLS, VICE-PRESIDENT—ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—CHARLES F, COX. SECRETARY—N,. L. BRITTON. BoARD OF MANAGERS. 1. ELECTED MANAGERS. ANDREW CARNEGIE, D. O. MILLS, CHARLES F. COX, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, W. BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, CHARLES P. DALY, SAMUEL SLOAN, WILLIAM E. DODGE, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, JOHN I. KANE, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT. 2, EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS, THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, HON, GEO. C. CLAUSEN. THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, HON. R, A. VAN WYCK. 3. SCLENTIFIC DIRECTORS. HON. SETH LOW, CuarrMan. HON. ADDISON BROWN, PROF, J. F. KEMP, PROF, C. F. CHANDLER, HON. J. J. LITTLE, PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD. GARDEN STAFF, DR. N, L BRITTON, Dérector-in- Chief. DR D,. T., MACDOUGAL, Derector of the Laboratories. DR, JOHN K. SMALL, Curator of the Museums. P. A. RYDBERG, Assistant Curator. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Head Gardener. GEORGE V. NASH, General Assistant. WILLARD N. CLUTE, Assistant. PERCY WILSON, Assistant. WALTER 5S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant. BULLETIN The New York Botanical Garden Vol. 1. No. 4. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR- IN-CHIEF. (Submitted January 9, 1899.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS oF THE New York Bo- TANICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith my re- port as Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the year ending January 9, 1899. Plants and Planting. Herbaceous Grounds, The herbaceous collection has been much augmented during the year, mostly by plants grown from seed in the nurseries. As shown by the complete list ap- pended to this report, there have been 2110 species and va- rieties, contained in 82 families, under cultivation during the season. This is a gain of nearly 700 species over the record for 1897. As was to be expected, some of those grown in that year proved to be not hardy in our climate, and a con- siderable number of annuals were not carried over, due either to failure of the plants to mature seed, or to failure of the seed to germinate. During the autumn, excavations were made for two of the pools for aquatic plants in the Herbaceous Grounds; the re- Cr7t) (172) maining ones needed may be excavated in the spring, in time for the installation of the groups of aquatics which we have hitherto been unable to cultivate in positions where their bo- tanical relations to other plants would be indicated. Weeding and repeated mowing of the greensward between the beds have brought this to a very presentable appearance, and the wooded margins of the tract have been utilized for the planting of shade-loving species, for which they are so well adapted. Fruticetum. Theremoval of shrubs from the nurseries and borders to the plain northeast of the Museum Building, set apart for the fruticetum, was begun in October, and by the end of the season 195 species had been installed, as shown by the list appended to this report. The plants have been grouped in natural families, with due consideration of the positions of future roads and paths, as provided in the General Plan, which contemplates a large amount of greensward between the planta- tions. As a rule only shrubs of considerable size have been moved into this collection; nearly as many more species, de- rived from seed or cuttings, remain in the nurseries for an- other year’s growth. Arboretum, The setting of trees, not hitherto represented in the grounds, in places planned for them in the arboretum spaces, was carried on through both spring and autumn. The trees were mainly selected from the nurseries and borders, the best individuals of each kind being chosen. A list of the species set out, together with those native to the tract or long ago established, numbering 178 kinds, is appended. In plac- ing the new trees, care has been taken to keep them at safe distances, from the future driveways, as laid down in the General Plan. Viticetum. A substantial rustic arbor, about 600 feet long, has been nearly completed for the climbers and twining plants along the edge of the forest, southeast of the Museum. The primary planting of this collection may be accomplished the coming spring. Trailers may be established along the rock-ledges near by. (173 ) Nursertes. In addition to the nursery grounds planted in 1896 and 1897, additional space of about one acre was pre- pared in the spring, near the southern corner of the tract, and partly occupied by shrubs and trees transplanted from the older nurseries, and partly by a very valuable collection of cuttings and seedlings from Siberia, received through the United States Department of Agriculture. The space set free in the older plantations was used for new material from various sources. In the autumn nearly all the trees and shrubs set in the nurseries during 1896 and 1897, were transplanted to the Fruticetum, Arboretum and Borders, so that there is enough nursery ground already broken up for next spring’s planting of seeds and seedlings. Borders. The border screens have now been planted around the entire tract, except along the extreme southeastern side occupied by the nurseries and along the line where the Garden Reservation meets the other land of the park to the south. Considerable rearrangement of the older plantations along the railroad has been made by withdrawal and substi- tution; these borders will serve as reserve nurseries for many years. Temporary Greenhouse. The use of the greenhouse on the Columbia University grounds at Morningside Heights, kindly granted by the President in 1896, has been continued, and has proved most important for preserving the valuable tender plants which have been donated by many friends, and for the growing of seeds from various sources. A list of species here stored is appended. Record of Species under Cultivation. The Card Cata- logue has been kept posted up as material has come to hand and a complete record of all plants grown is provided. In addition to this an herbarium specimen has been made of all plants which have flowered on the grounds and these have been brought together by families into a special herbarium, which is serving a valuable purpose in answering questions relative to species. (174) Buildings. The contract of the Department of Parks with the John H. Parker Co., for the erection of the Museum Building, Power House, Stable and Closet group, is being rigidly car- ried out by Commissioner Moebus. A minor correction, relative to the size of the front brick, was found to be neces- sary, and a change has been made in the positions of some of the drain-pipes within the Museum ; both of these modifica- tions have received the approval of Mr. Gibson, architect. The work has been under the constant supervision of Mr. Brooks, an inspector of the Park Department, and has been repeatedly looked over by Mr. Daniel Ulrich, the Commis- sioner’s Chief Engineer; in the progress of this work, and of other operations, Commissioner Moebus and Mr. Ulrich have made many valuable suggestions, and for these, as well as for their uniform courtesy, I desire to express my sincere gratitude. Museum. Stakes marking the corners of the excavations for the Museum were set for the John H. Parker Co., con- tractors, on January 6th, and a construction shed for the ex- cavators was built on January 21st. On January 22d, sub- contractor Geo. Hudson began removing the top soil from the site, piling it, under our direction, at a point just to the east. The excavations were continued through the late winter and early spring, and the concrete footings for the walls and pil- lars were begun on May 24th. The first bricks were laid in the walls on May 31st. The construction work was then actively continued, the first iron pillars being set early in July. The building is now completely enclosed, except a portion of the dome, as shown by the accompanying photo- graph, and interior work is going on rapidly. It will prob- ably be ready for occupancy by mid-summer. Power House. The points marking the corners for the Power House excavation were staked on January 19th, and the work of excavation proceeded parallel with that for the Museum. The concrete footings for the walls were begun here on June 17th and were followed immediately by the (175 ) stonework of the walls themselves. The building was en- closed and its chimney completed in October. The setting of the boilers has just been completed, and little now remains to do to put the Power House into operation. Steam Subway from Power House to Museum. The excavation of the trench to contain the subway carrying the steam pipes and electric wires from the Power House to the Museum was begun November gth, and the greater part of the work has now been done, with the exception of the deep cutting, or possible tunnel, under the southern boulevard. Stable. The corners of the stable were located by stakes on February 26th, and its masonry foundation walls were completed on June 18th. The superstructure was at once begun and the building completed and occupied by us, after consultation with the Commissioner of Parks, on November 14th, and under an appropriation made by the Board it has been equipped with four horses, suitable harness, two carts, a farm wagon, a truck, a spring wagon and a sled, and this equipment has enabled us to do very much more work than could previously be accomplished while we were under the necessity of hiring teams. Public Comfort Station. This structure has been com- pleted with the exception of its interior fittings. Tool House. Taking advantage of the ruins of one of the outhouses of the old Lorillard estate, located on the rounds, east of the Bronx, which had three walls standing, a fourth wall was built for it, a roof put on and the building floored, during the summer, providing a useful hut for the storage of tools and other property. The Range of Horticultural Houses. The contract for the erection of eight of the thirteen houses of this range was awarded by the Commissioner of Public Parks to Mr. John R. Sheehan, on March 31st. A construction shed was built by Mr. Sheehan at the site a few days afterward, but it was not possible to begin work on these structures at once. The contract was signed by the President of the Park Department late in No- vember, and on January 3d the Hon. August Moebus, Com- (176) missioner of Parks, in the presence of a considerable number of people formally broke ground at the location of the cen- tral dome of the large palm house, and remarked as follows: It is with great pleasure that Iam present as the official repre- sentative of the great City of New York to take part in these exer- cises in breaking ground for the beautiful structure that ina few months will cover this ground, and be forever devoted to the Art and Science of Horticulture. I congratulate the officers of the Botanical Society, that notwith- standing the various serious questions that have attended the admin- istration of the new and greater New York, that but comparatively little delay has occurred to interfere with the progress of this work. And I can safely say that before the close of the coming year the beautiful Museum building as well as the Horticultural structure which we commence to-day will be completed and open for public se. Under the provisions of the several acts of the legislature referring to the Botanical Garden, the present section of Bronx Park, com- prising 250 acres, was set aside by the Park Department for the purposes of the Society. The City of New York through the De- partment of Parks was authorized to expend the sum of $500,000 for suitable structures; and finally by section 613 of the present charter, it is made the duty of the Commissioner of Parks for the Borough of the Bronx to maintain the New York Botanical Garden and the buildings appurtenant thereto. It is, therefore, a duty as well as a pleasure that I should attend to-day, and briefly express my hearty coéperation in your work. While much has been accomplished, much remains; in addition to the buildings before you and those to be erected, the important matter of laying out these grounds must soon be considered and provided for. I have already had several conferences with your energetic Director-in-Chief upon this subject and I trust that suitable appropriations will be made by the City authorities for the purpose. In conclusion, permit me to say that in the present year, as in the year just closed, I will aid by every means in my power the speedy completion of this work to the end, that we may possess an institu- tion, instructive, educational and ornamental, and a fitting illustra- tion of the progress of the civilization of the present century. The building has been staked out, and Mr. Sheehan pro- poses to begin excavations for his trenches within a few days. (177) Drainage. After observation of the water-level in the Herbaceous Grounds area for a year, and a close survey of the surface, four systems of porous 4-inch drain-tile were laid in it during the early spring, outflowing into the central stream. This has produced an entirely satisfactory drainage of the land, except at one place near the southwestern end of the valley, where another small system of tile may be placed to advantage aiter the necessary excavations for the pool for aquatic monocoty- ledons have been effected. A long system of six-inch and eight-inch porous tile was laid in the area about the stable-site near the eastern side of the grounds and south of the Bleecker street entrance, before the stable was built, and another long line of eight-inch tile was placed through the low grounds just north of the Bleecker street entrance. These, in connection with the filling and grading about the stable, have rapidly and satisfactorily car- ried off the water from these parts of the grounds. Both these systems require ultimate connection with the Bronx River; their outflow at present being turned into natural drainage valleys. The leaders from the roof of the stable find a convenient outflow into these pipes. The natural drainage lines have been kept open, so that there is now but little possibility of water-stagnation, except at points in the north meadows, where extensive filling still needs to be done before the drain-pipes can well be laid, and at places along the river, where the contemplated modifica- tions of the dam near the Lorillard mansion must be effected before entirely satisfactory conditions can be had. The past season has been a good test of the sanitary condi- tion of the tract. Large numbers of workmen have been employed on the buildings and grounds, but no sickness among them certainly traceable to the region itself has de- veloped. During the summer there was some malarial trouble among the police force at the Lorillard mansion, to be cred- ited, without doubt, to the well-water which had to be used before the city water-supply was brought to that building. (178 ) Grading. In the spring a space of about 100 feet square on the east side of the Herbaceous Grounds was filled for an average thickness of one foot with top soil brought from the Museum excavations, to cancel an excess of moist land. During the erection of the stable, a fill averaging about two and one-half feet deep was made all around that build- ing, with soil supplied by Mr. J. B. McDonald, who laid a temporary track from his construction railroad and performed all the work in an expeditious manner. This area has been sown and planted. The filling required about the power house, and for the service road for coal leading from behind that structure to its roof, derived from the excavations for the building itself, was made as nearly complete as the building operations would permit up to the beginning of cold weather. A few days’ work in the spring will finish this work, so that the slopes may be sown and planted. Late in October the large problem of constructing the de- sired slopes and terrace about the Museum was attacked, and work has been continued about the northwestern end of the building ever since, with all the force which could be spared from other necessary operations. Considerable progress has been made, but the greater part of this work still remains to be accomplished. Several thousand cubic yards of rock and earth from the Museum excavations have been dumped by the contractors under my directions over an area of low ground south of the Museum, to help in the formation of the final surface, and in the building of the driveway located there, and a large amount from the same excavations has been hauled by them to the northwestern end of the lake-site north of the Museum, to make a necessary fill. This has all been carried out in accordance with the General Plan, which contemplates an equal amount of excavation and filling, with the shortest hauls possible. (279) Water Supply. In April under the direction of the Commissioner of Parks, the 36-inch water main running through the grounds was tapped for a six-inch, at the point south of the Museum indi- cated on the general plan, and the pipe laid to the east end of the Niaseur:. thus providing a water supply for that build- ing, both for construction and operation. In June, to facilitate the erection of the Power House, I ob- tained permission from the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to lay a temporary one-inch pipe under the railroad bed from a pipe in the office of Church E. Gates, dealer in lumber, tothe Power House site, and performed the work at the expense of the Garden. The granting in the spring by the Park Department of the Lorillard Mansion to the Police Department for a station house, and its occupation by over 65 officers, rendered a wholesome water-supply for that building imperatively neces- sary, and in June Sergeant O’Brien, Architect of the Police Department, and Captain Fitzpatrick, in charge of the Sta- tion, made application to me, after a joint study by us of the available sources of supply, for permission to lay a pipe from a point on the thirty-six-inch main just north of the Southern Boulevard along the existing trails, past the northern end of the Herbaceous Grounds, to the Bronx River opposite the Mansion. With the approval of the President, and the Com- missioner of Parks, I granted the desired permission. A three-inch pipe was laid from the thirty-six-inch main to the north end of the Herbaceous Grounds, where a two-inch branch was taken off to supply irrigation for those grounds when necessary in mid-summer, a very convenient and use- ful aid to our operations there, and a two-inch pipe continued to beyond the river outside the Garden reservation, where branches were laid to the Police Station, its stable and to one of the nurseries established by the Commissioner of Parks. The trench was located and excavated under my personal supervision and that of Mr. Henshaw; only one small and useless tree was taken down in the course of the work. ( 180 ) Care of the Grounds. A few trees have died during the year and several have fallen; these, together with other unsightly ones, and several standing too close to the buildings, have been removed. There are now no dead trees standing, except seven in the Hemlock Forest; four of these were dead when the grounds were placed under our control; three have died during the past three years. It is a source of great satisfaction that the healthy condition of the forest is so well preserved. The scattering of waste paper and other refuse brought in by visitors appears to be beyond our present control; it re- quired the time of a man two days of each week during the summer to collect and dispose of this rubbish. The hay of the tract was cut by George Hudson and others during July and August. About twelve tons were stacked for feed of our horses. An amount determined as the equiv- alent of $80.00 was exchanged for a horse, and the remainder sold for $80.00, which sum has been deposited with the Treasurer. The stack reserved was burned by mischievous boys early in November, a similar piece of mischief having been perpetrated last winter. The planting of the Arboretum and Fruticetum spaces will make it necessary for the hay to be cut hereafter by our own men, to avoid injury to the shrubs and young trees. No depredations worthy of special remark have been made on the plant collections. Avery few plants have been stolen. The establishment of the 41st Precinct Police Station House at the Lorillard Mansion, and the constant passing of officers to and from it have doubtless prevented much damage. Cap- tain Fitzpatrick and his men have been most watchful and at- tentive, and I take much pleasure in expressing my apprecia- tion of their efforts. It will soon be necessary, however, to have officers detailed about the buildings and plantations. Office. Through the courtesy of Columbia University we were permitted to use rooms in the buildings at 49th Street and (181 ) Madison Avenue for office and storage purposes, until the old College site was sold, and this was a great favor. Upon the sale of this property, it was deemed expedient to establish the office at Bedford Park; a house on Suburban Street, near Perry Avenue, was rented, and the transferal of fixings and specimens made late in November by means of our own teams and laborers. A considerable amount of rough carpentering was necessary at the new rooms, and this was done by one of the laborers. Lectures, Public lectures in codperation with the American Museum of Natural History were given in the lecture hall of that in- stitution as follows: Thursday Evening, March 24, 1898, ‘*‘ Hardy Flowering Shrubs and Perennials,” by Mr. Cornelius Van Brunt. : Thursday Evening, March 31, 1898, ‘* A Botanist’s Ram- bles in the Mountains of Oregon,” by Professor Francis E. Lloyd. They were well attended and evidently much appreciated. Library. The accessions to the Library during the year are scheduled in an appendix to this report. Part of the Library is shelved in the Bedford Park office ; that portion of it which was stored last year in the Lorillard Mansion is boxedup. A number of additional exchanges for the BULLETIN have been arranged. Museums and Herbarium. The specimens obtained for the Museums and Herbarium are tabulated in an appendix to this report. Much work has been done on preparing them for exhibition, but much re- mains to be done. A report by Dr. Rusby, Honorary Cu- rator of the Economic Collections, submitted to the Scientific Directors on December 19, 1898, accepted and ordered printed in the BULLETIN, outlines the important steps which 4 ( 182 ) have been taken by him to secure exhibits, and for his ener- getic codperation in this work I am very grateful. It is hoped that by the time the Museum Building is ready for occupancy, that at least a temporary exhibit of much in- terest may be at once set up inseveral of the halls. About 22,000 specimens have been mounted for the Herbarium dur- ing the year, and arranged for reference at the Bedford Park office, the mounted herbarium now numbering over 30,000 specimens. Insurance, Fire Insurance Policies on property of the Garden are held as follows: 1. On museum and herbarium specimens in Terminal Stor- age Warehouse, $10,000.00. 2. On stable equipment, $1,000.00. 3. On Library, museum specimens, herbarium specimens and office furniture and fixings at Bedford Park office, $4,000.00. Botanical Exploration of Porto Rico. Through the kind liberality of Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Heller have been sent to the island of Porto Rico to collect specimens illustrating the flora and natural vegetable resources of the new colony. Transportation to and from San Juan, and a letter to the General command- ing the United States forces in Porto Rico, were obtained for the expedition from the War Department by Mr. Mills, and a complete outfit for collecting and for photography was pro- vided. Mr. Heller has been instructed to keep careful field notes on all the plants collected, and it is expected that the work will yield results of much scientific and practical im- portance. Botany of TMontana. The collections made in Montana during the summer of 1897 by Messrs. P. A. Rydberg and Ernst Bessey, by means of funds generously supplied by Mr. W. E. Dodge, have ( 183 ) now been studied, and these results, together with a study of all the previous collections made in that region, have been brought together by Mr. Rydberg in manuscript, as ‘‘ An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana.” Publica- tion of this matter as the first volume of ‘‘ Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden” has been authorized by the Scientific Directors. Work of the Park Department on the Roads, The hauling of building materials over the existing roads has made it impossible to keep these in good order, although the Park Commissioner’s men have done their best. The roads east of the Bronx have suffered less from this cause than those near the Museum. In order to facilitate watering the driveways, I made a water-connection, at the suggestion of Mr. Johnson, General Foreman, with a pipe near the Mu- seum during the summer, and by means of a temporary over- head pipe enabled the water-cart men to conveniently and rapidly fill their casks. During the fall the Commissioner has been able to have a large number of temporary park lights put up in all the parks of the Borough, and these are a great addition to the comfort of visitors and of the police. Persons Employed and Their Work. Mr. Samuel Henshaw, Head Gardener, has been in at- tendance throughout the year, except during a vacation of a month spent in Great Britain, during which he made a new study of British Botanical Gardens and of many of the prin- cipal commercial nurseries and private places. He secured seeds of many desirable plants, and at the same time arranged for the shipment of the yews and rhododendrons for Colum- bia University, subsequently planted under his direction about the Low Library. He has had general charge of all the planting, grading and drainage operations, and the care of the grounds, and his very practicable methods have done much toward enabling us to accomplish work economically. ( 184 ) Mr. George V. Nash, General Assistant, has had special charge of the herbaceous collection, its labeling and record- ing; he has also served as my secretary and clerk, and has accomplished much on the museum and herbarium collec- tions, and in photography. His ready adaptability to all kinds of work have made him most efficient and useful. Mr. Willard N. Clute has acted as Curator, being specially detailed on the mounting, collecting and distribution of her- barium specimens. He has also had charge of recording and labeling the woody plants in the nurseries and fruticetum. Mr. W. R. Maxon has served as an assistant in herbarium and museum work since September ist. Dr. A. A. Tyler was employed through July and August, under the direction of Professor Rusby, in collecting and preserving specimens illustrating the economic botany of eastern North America, partly for exhibition in our own col- lections, but mainly for exchange purposes with other insti- tutions. Dr. P. A. Rydberg was employed during July, August and September in the determination and arrangement of the speci- mens collected by himself and others in Montana, and in pre- paring a report on them. He has since voluntarily continued this work during such time as his teaching duties at Upsala College have permitted. Dr. John K. Small was employed for part of his time dur- ing July, August and September in selecting and arranging specimens to illustrate the local flora on the plan previously approved by the Scientific Directors, and in other work on museum and herbarium material. Dr. Marshall A. Howe collected, determined and arranged Hepatice for the local flora exhibit during the parts of October and November. Mr. W. A. Bastedo was employed during June and July in labeling and arranging specimens. The number of laborers and gardeners employed has varied from six to fourteen. N. L. Britton, Secretary and Director-in- Chief. (185 ) Appendix I. ACCESSIONS OF MATERIAL. 1. Lebrary. Complete Parts and Volumes. Pamphlets. Purchased under the appropriation for library,.. 211 26 Donated - L. Schoeney,..........c ccc ceccccneceeeeseneee weees 2 The Duc de Loubat,.....0 0000.00 cee cee eee I Miss A. M. Vail 3 17 Given by the Director-in-Chief, ..0...0..0..00.006. 10 85 By exchange for BULLETIN with other institu- tions, a list of which is given below, about... 25 850 ota 252 978 List oF EXCHANGES. Lf) stitutions. por State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, III. tate Museum of Natural History, Albany, N. Y. Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D. C. U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Kew Gardens, London, England. Botanical Department, Jamaica, West Indies. Jardin Botanique, Geneva, Switzerland. Botanical Garden, Trinidad, West Indies. Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis, Mo. University Library, Upsala, Sweden. Denison University, Granville, Olio. Konig]. Bot. Museum, Berlin, Germany. Field Columbian Museum, Jackson Park, Chicago, III. Royal Botanic Garden, Sibpur, near Calcutta, India. eee sr a Station, Auburn, Ala. ‘¢ Uniontown, Ala. cs ¢ ucson, Ariz. ee “ ‘¢ Fayetteville, Ark. ( 186 ) pe ees Pape oe diet Cal. ort Collins, Colo. Lexington, Ky. Audubon Park, New Orleans, La. Baton ori La. Orono, Me. College Park, Md. Amherst, Mas Agricultural Coltege, Mich. St. Anthony Park, Minn. Agricultural College, Miss. New Brunswick, N. J. Mesilla Park, N. Mex. Clemson Collesa: S.C; Brookings, 8. D. Knoxville, Tenn. (187 ) Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas. = es ‘ Logan, Utah. “ o “ Burlington, Vt. “ " ‘¢ Blacksburg, Va. cs at 7 Morgantown, W. Va. m a tt Madison, Wis. Laramie, Wyoming. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Botanic Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio. New York Public Library. Smith College, Northampton, Mass. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Victoria Gardens, Bombay, India. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. Columbia University Library. Botanical Garden of the University of Siena, Italy. Journals. Beihefte Botanischen Centralblatt, Cassel, Germany. Botanical Gazette, University of Chicago, Chicago, IIL. American Monthly Microscopical Journal, Washington, D. C. Vick’s Monthly, Rochester, N. Y Pharmaceutical Record, New York City. Meehan’s Monthly, Germantown, Pa. Revue Bryologique, Cahan, Athis, France. Notarisia, Venice, Italy. Nuovo Notarisia, Jardin Botanique, Padua, Italy. Botaniska Notiser, Lund, Sweden. Erythea, Berkeley, Cal. American Gardening, New York City American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa. The Plant World, Washington, D. C. Journal of Pharmacology, New York City. Bulletin of Pharmacy, Detroit, Mich. Pharmaceutical Review, Milwaukee, Wis. Socteties. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, Conn. ( 188 ) Davenport Academy of Sciences, Davenport, Iowa. Kansas Academy of Sciences, Topeka, Kan. Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston, Mass. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. St. Louis Academy of Natural Sciences, St. Louis, Mo. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill, N. C. Natural Science Association of Staten Island, New Brighton. New York Microscopical Society, Flatbush, N. Y Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Cincinnati, Ohio. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. Pennsylvania Forestry Association, Philadelphia, Pa. Wisconsin Academy of Arts and Sciences, Madison, Wis. Edinburgh Botanical Society, Edinburgh, Scotland. Societe Botanique ‘* Dodonea,” University of Ghent, Belgium. . Zodl. Bot. Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria. Societe Bee. Luxemburg, Belgium. Societe Botanique, Brussels, Belgium. Botanischer Verein, Landshut, Baiern, Germany. Sociedad Broteriana, Jardin Bot., Coimbra, Portugal. Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Ayres, La Plata, S. A. Rochester Academy of Sciences, Rochester, N. Y. Philadelphia Mycological Center, Philadelphia, Pa. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Zurich, Switzerland. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo, N. Y z. MusEums AND HERBARIUM. Specimens. Dr. T. F. Allen, plants from Southern California, do- nated, ........ 53 Dr. T. F. Lucy, Susquehanna Valley plants, donated,...... 86 T. H. Kearney, Jr., specimens from various localities, donated, III W. W. Ashe, North Carolina and Virginia plants, donated, Iq E. P. Bicknell, specimens from the vicinity of New York, donated, 13 Dr. E. H. Eames, Connecticut plants, donated 36 U.S. National Museum, miscellaneous specimens, by ex- change 907 Professor E. O. Wooton, collection made in New Mexico, purchased, ggo ( 189 ) Eaton, Massachusetts plants, donated, A. A. S. B. Parish, Fourth Century California plants, purchased, H. E. Brown, California plants, purchased, Cc. V. T. Piper, Washington plants, donated H. Kearney, Jr., District of Columbia plants, donated, O. A. Farwell, Michigan plants, donated A. S. Hitchcock, Kansas collection, purchased Maria S. Gibbes, Herbarium of the late Professor Lewis R. Gibbes, purchased H. H. Rusby, tubers of Zpomoea pandurata, donated,..... J. W. Toumey, Arizona plants, donated Aven Nelson, Wyoming Sedges, donated C. K. Dodge, Michigan plants, donated F. C. Nicholas, collection from United States of Colom- bia, donated Frank F. Fenno, grasses from Southern New York, do- dated, W. C. Osborn, fasciated Hlesperis matronalis, donated, J. K. Small, miscellaneous specimens, donated, C. L. Pollard, South Florida collection, purchased,........ C. D. Fretz, specimens from Southern New Jersey, do- oo . 5S. National Museum, miscellaneous specimens by ex- ae Reginald S. Cocks, Daubentonia longifolia, donated,...... Professor F. Kurtz, collection from the Argentine Re- public, by exchange John Currie, CaWluna vulgaris, Halifax, N. S., donated, S. B. Richard, Rubber Gum and foliage of tree produc- ing it (Afcrandra) from the Orinoco H. Hapeman, Nebraska specimens, donated J. K. Small, collection from the Southern States, pur- chased, Edward eer golden rods from Morris Plains, N. J., donated, James W. Withers, large acorns of the red oak, donated, . W. Burgess, Zrzs /acustris, donated Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, specimens from various iocalities, by exchange, Museum of Natural History, Paris (through Miss A. M. Vail), by exchange wom 548 2, Opp ( 190 ) L. Barron, photograph of Lilium longiflorum, donated,... J. W. Ellis, photograph of Anthurium Vettchit, donated, DeAlton Saunders, South Dakota plants, donated,......... W. A. Kellerman, three species of Heléanthus from Ohio, donated, Morris Coster, plate of Carica Papaya, donated A. A. Eaton, ZLophotocarpus from Newberry, Mass., donated, O. A. Farwell, Michigan plants, donated Professor Francis E. Lloyd, Herbarium, mainly consisting of plants of the Northwest, donated, about Jos. Crawford, miscellaneous specimens, donated,......... A. E. Keun & Co. (through Edward Kemp), exhibit il- lustrating Opium industry at Smyrna, donated,........... Biltmore Herbarium, plants from North Carolina, by ex- change W. A. Kellerman, Veronica Teucrtum, from Ohio, do- nated, Miss Anna M. Vail, miscellaneous specimens, donated,... Collected by Willard N. Clute, Assistant, to illustrate the local flora and for purposes of exchange Collected by the Director-in-Chief, at various localities,... Collected by Geo. V. Nash and Willard N. Clute, As- sistants, for special herbarium, to record plants under cultivation, about Miscellaneous specimens collected by Geo. V. Nash, As- sistant, at various localities . L. Atkins, collection of floral photographs, purchased, A. A. Tyler, collection of specimens to illustrate the economic botany of the eastern U. S., under a commis- sion from the Director-in-Chief, about B. F. Bush, Missouri collection, purchased P. A. Rydberg, specimens from the Rocky Mountains, purchased, Frank H. Lamb, plants of western Washington, purchased, Field Columbian Museum, Yucatan collection, by ex- change, . A. D. E. Elmer, Washington collection, purchased, ..... B. F. Bush, collections from the Indian Territory and Missouri, purchased, (191 ) Alabama Biological Survey, collection illustrating flora of the State, purchase 1,258 B. F. Bush, southern swamp plants, purchased 300 A. Fredholm, Jamaica collection, purchased 300 S. M. Tracy, Mississippi plants, purchased 300 H. E. Brown, second California collection, purchased,.. 235 A. A. Heller, collections from Washington, Texas and Arizona, purchase S90 29,234 3. PLANTS FOR THE GROUNDS AND GREENHOUSES. Specimens. Parke, Davis & Co., Agaves, donated,............0..066 eee 2 E. S. Miller, herbaceous perennials, donated 156 Buffalo Botanic Garden, herbaceous perennials and w ee cuttings, by exchange 100 F. Harrington, herbaceous perennials, donated,............ 2 S. W > Harriot, variegated fern, donated 5 S. Henshaw, evergreens, donated,...............0.0000 ceeeeees Iz U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Intro- duction Experiment, Siberian shrubs, by exchange,..... 280 hos. Meehan & Sons, conifers, purchasec 50 Dr. G. N. Best, Prrus pungens, purchased 13 E. S. Miller, shrubs and herbaceous perennials, donated, 45 Miss Delia W. Marble, violets, donated 4 John Crosby Brown, large tree-fern, donated I Mrs. T. Y. Grimke, Spanish Bayonet, donated 4 W.R. Maxon, Hartstongue Ferns, donated,.. .............., 15 C. L. Gruber, white-fruited strawberry, donated,........... 3 Miss L. Murray Ledyard, Hartstongue Fern from Perry- ville Falls, N. Y I T. S. Constantine, Jr., herbaceous perennials, donated,... 4 A.A. Eaton, herbaceous perennials from N. H., donated, 20 John Crosby Brown, a large palm (Latanéq), donated... I John W. Ellis, large Anthurfums, donated, 3 Wm. Runkle, Cycas cérctualis, donated I E. 8. Miller, g | plants, donated 1347 W. R. Maxon, ferns from central N. Y., donated,......... 16 H. H. Rusby, Afocyzems, donated 3 B. L. Robinson, herbaceous perennials, donated,........... 4 W. J. Beal, herbaceous perennials, by exchange 8 ( 192 ) N. Jonson Rose, shrubs and trees, by exchange Peter Barr & Son, collection of daffodils and pzonies, donated, Collected by the Director-in-Chief Collected by Geo. V. Nash, Assistant Collected and obtained by Samuel Henshaw, Head Gar- dener, Collected by Willard N. Clute, Assistant Jos. Crawford, herbaceous perennials, donated Miss Anna M. Vail, herbaceous perennials, donated,...... Michigan Wild Flower Co., shrubs and herbaceous per- ennials, purchased H. A. Dreer, aquatics, purchased Evergreen Nurseries, seedlings, purchased, .................. Wm. Elliott & Sons, bulbs, purchased Raised from seed and otherwise propagated, about,........ Seeds. Dr. T. E. Wilcox, Cucurbitacee from Arizona, donated, D. M. Andrews, Colorado plants, purchased Edinburgh Botanical Garden, by exchange Botanical Garden of Geneva, by exchange Susan Tucker, Washington plants, purchased Botanical Garden, University of California, by exchange, P. A. Rydberg, Rocky Mountain plants, donated,......... U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant In- troduction Experiments, by exchange Mrs. C, A. Wood, Adlumé/a fungosa, donated, ............ Botanical Garden of Calcutta, “cus altisstma, by ex- CHANGE yy cc cv ynedesicdsetaes desis hisisedossteegeseseniaiamtaane Ghd W. J. Beal, Botanical Garden of the Michigan Agricul- tural College, by exchange Elmer Sterns, Sago Lily, donated Prof. C. L. Bristol, Dutchman’s Pipe from Bermuda, donated, Miss A. M. Vail, Lespedeza trigonoclada, donated,...... Seeds collected by the staff, about 9,000 11,606 Packets. 2 150 (193 ) Appendix 2, SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING 1898 UNDER APPROPRIATIONS MADE BY THE BOARD. SALARIES. Appropriated $9,360.00 Expended, 95347-47 DAIAN CEs Yay ces siaele A unas cceereGeck caadeeonescaterln 12.53 APPROPRIATION FOR ENGINEERING. Appropriated, $300.00 Expended, 290.50 Balance $9.50 APPROPRIATION FoR Lasor anpD TEAMs. Appropriated $5,020.00 Expended, 5,004.16 Balance $15.84 APPROPRIATION FOR DRAINAGE. Appropriated, . $500.00 EXpended, sisds cue cslitedsspeeudactada tein. dials Adeadcvbos Gy 486.11 Balance $13.89 APPROPRIATION FOR PURCHASE OF PLANTS. Appropriated $300.00 Expended, 291.70 Balance $8.30 APPROPRIATION FOR OPERATING TEMPORARY GREENHOUSE. Appropriated, $300.00 Expended, 247.94 Balance $52.06 APPROPRIATION FOR CInCULARS AND NOTICES TO ANNUAL MEMBERS. A ppropriat $300.00 EEX pended sie 4i i. pend iewnncaergieusiinch anetweenenigne Cavuld esa 299-45 Balance sincice teint areas, nodes ess tees eos 55 APPROPRIATION FoR SUPPLIES AND Too ts. Appropriated we (ere) Expen nde d, “17 Balance,..........6005 0 ceeeeee ees “e 83 (194 ) APPROPRIATION FOR SCIENTIFIC DirEcToRS, FOR MusEUM AND HERBARIUM MATERIAL. A re | Bg r , $1, 500. oOo Expended - 15497-27 27 Balance $2.72 73 ee FoR SciENTIFIC DiRECTORS, FOR LECTURES. $200.00 Expended 196.85 Balance $3.15 APPROPRIATION FOR SCIENTIFIC DirEcToRS, FOR BULLETIN. Appropriated $500.00 po Lf 6 Expended neh gtaidvecete 490-00 Balance $9.40 40 APPROPRIATION FOR ScienTIFIC Directors, FoR LIBRARY. Appropriated $380.00 cL L * Expended 353-17 Balance $26.83 APPROPRIATION FOR ScreNTIFIC DirEcTORS, FOR CONTINGENT Funp. A i. J Pproy $360.00 TEX DONG Gye iip race sareat hit he aise esas fee coher the hn os coos 358-49 Balance ease teat tun eee wes cnteeree ieatet ts paces Sr.51 51 APPROPRIATION FOR SURVEYING OUTFIT. ee Puaepunat ascent et eae taeda suratgicee mec uea aan $400.00 Ex pende 389.95 ee eae $10.05 APPROPRIATION FOR TYPEWRITER. PE as t 5) $100.00 Expended 100.00 APPROPRIATION FOR SAFE. Appropriated, $100.00 Transferred [00.00 APPROPRIATION ror Mowinc-Maciine. Ap propriated $40.00 Ex xpen nde d, 40.00 App FOR EqQuipMEN T OF STABLE. A anne | FE L $700.00 Expended 664.85 Balance | $35.15 (195 ) Lists of Plants in the Grounds, 1898. A. WILD FLORA. Subkingdom 3.—BRYOPHYTA.* Class 1. HEPATICAR.—Liver- Dicranum scopirium. worts.f Leucobryum glaucum. Riccia fluitans Sullivantii. Orthotrichum Ohioense. Bazzania trilobata. Weissia Americana. Cephalozia catenulata. Ptychomitrium incurvum. onnivens Hedwigia albicans media Funaria hygrometrica Frullania Heowascaae Physcomitrium turbinatum. Lejeunea echinata. Barbula unguiculata. Odontoschisma sphagni. Bryum argenteum. caespiticium. Class 2. ANTHOCEROTES. Leptobryum pyriforme. Anthoceros lae Mnium cuspidatum Notothylas ene Class 3. MUSCI.—Mosses.t Leskea obscura. Polytrichum commune. Thuidium paludosum. ioense. Climacium Americanum iliferum. Cirriphyllum Boscii. Pogonatum tenue. Brachythecium oxycladon dentatum. Catharinea angustata p : Buxbaumia aphylla. Plagiothecium denticulatum. Webera sessilis. elegans. Fissidens taxifolius. Raphidostegium microcarpum. Ceratodon purpureus Hypnum Haldanianum Ditrichum tortile. cupressiforme Dicranella heteromalla. molluscum Subkingdom 4.—PTERIDOPHYTA. oO —Adders- POLYPODIACEAE.—Fern ongue Family. Family Botrychium dissectum. Asplenium Filix-foemina. OSMUNDACEAE.—Royal Fern platyneuron. Family. Cystopteris fragilis. Osmunda cinnamomea. Dicksonia punctilobula. regalis Dryopteris acrostichoides. *The Mycetozoa and the Thallophyta (Algae, Fungi and Lichens) of the tract have been considerably collected and studied, but their enumera- tion is deferred until the lists are more complete. The list of Bryophyta will be enlarged by subsequent study. + Collected and determined by Marshall A. Howe. t+ Collected and determined by Elizabeth G. Britton. ( 196 ) Dryopteris marginalis. oveboracensis. spinulosa intermedia. elypteris Onoclea sensibilis. Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Phegopteris. Polypodium vulgare. renal esas Family. Equisetum arv fluviatile. hyemale. SELACINELLACHAE —Selaziuella Family. sas Ur idee Subkingdom 5.—SPERMATOPHYTA.* Class r. GYMNOSPERMAH. PINACEAE.—Pine mae Juniperus Virgie Larix laric Pinus Sionae Tsuga Canadensis. Picea excelsa, Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE, Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. TYPHACEAH.—Cat-tail Family. Typha latifolia. SPARGANIACEAE.—Bur-reed Family. Sparganium eurycarpum. ALISMACEAH.—Water Plantain Family. Alisma Plantago- cea ee latifolia Grass Family. Agvropyron oo Agrostis alba vulgaris. intermedia. perennans. ee oe er eee odoralun.. ristida dichotoma Avena Bromus vracemosus, — Canadeusis. enchrus tribuloides. Chachi ee ridis Cinna arundinacea Dactylis glomer a. Danthonia compressa, Pur: Festuca oe octofiora. HAfolcus lanatus. Homalocenchrus oryzoides. irgini Hystrix Hystrix. Lolium Ltalicum. perenne. Muhlenbergia diffusa. Mexicana. ifera. Panicularia acutiflora. Atlanticum. * Native plaats in roman; naturalized and adventive plants in 7/a/ic. Panicum commutatum minor. macrocarpon. atti Porterianwum. Walteri. Paspalum pubescens. setaceum. Phalaris arundinacea. Phieum pratense Foa annua, vey aa pratensis, Spo pieces ie or Syntherisma fili s. linearis. Sang uinalts. Tricuspis seslerioides. Cy PERACEAE. aes Family. Mhenberg palles (197 ) Carex pedicellata. nnsylvanica. pubescens se stricta. tentaculata. triceps. eas aa aiatre ovata. enu Scirpus atrovirens LEMNACEAE.—Duckweed Family. mua minor Family, Pontederia cordata. ¥.—Rush Family. MELANTHACEAE.—Bunch-flower Family. Uvularia sessilifolia, Veratrum viride. LIniackak.—Lily Family. oes che vineate Americanum AgTY (198 ) Hemerocallis fulva. Liliu dense. superbum. Ornithogalum umbellatum. CONVALLARIACEAE.—Lily-of-the- lley Family. Va Asparagus officinalis, Medeola Virginiana. ne racemosa, AMARYLLIDACEAE.—Amaryllis Faniily. Hypoxis hirsuta. D OREACEAE.—Yam Family. Dioscorea villosa IRIDACEAE.—Iris Family. Iris versicolor. is yrinchium ee graminoides Oncsuaceas orchid Family. G tacl cernua v7 ue gracilis. Habenaria lacera. Subclass 2. DicoTtvLEDON SAURURACEAE.—Lizard's- ne Famil Saururus cernuus. JUGLANDACEAE. —Walnut Family. ata. Jugians cinerea. nigra. MvyRrICACEAE.—Bay as Family. Comptonia Bees Myrica Carolinensis. SALICACHAE.—Willow Family. fopulus alba. grandidentata. Populus tremuloides. Salix alba vitellina. discolor. nigra. petiolaris. sericea BETULACHAE.—Birch Family. nus Aaa Betula len bara Carpinus Gail iand Corylus Americana. FAGACEAE.—Beech Family. Castanea ee ata. F eeneaes rubra. velutina. LMACEAE.—Elm Family. Celtis occidentalis. Ulmus American: MoRACEAE.—Mulberry Family. Morus rubra. URTICACEAE. Poe Family. oehmeria cylindric at pneeten ae SANTALACEAE.—Sandalwood amily. Comandra umbellata. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.—Birthwort Famil Asarum reflexum. POLYGONACEAE.—Buck wheat ‘amily. Poly gonum arifolium. Vir: nu Rumex vi Dak Crispus. oblustfolius. (199 ) CHENOPODIACEAE.—Goosefoot Family Chenopodium album. a ostoides PHYTOLACCACEAH.—Pokeweed Family Phytolacca decandra. AIZOACEAE.—Carpet-weed Family. Mollugo verticillata, PORTULACACEAE.—Purslane amil Portulaca oleracea. Pine tins —Pink Family. Alsin ne gra NYMPHAEACEAE.—Water-lily ee Castalia odor Nymphae pees MaGNOLIACEAE.—Magnolia amily. Liriodendron Tulipifera. RANUNCULACEAE.—Crowfoot Family agi eee na, irg Perea ee ee. Clematis Virginiana Hepatica Hepatica. Ranunculus abortivus. acl Thalictrum polygamum RACEAE.—Laurel Family. nzoin Benzoin. Sassafras Sassafras. FUMARIACEAE.—Bleeding-heart Family. Bicuculla Cucullaria. apnoides sempervirens. CRUCIFERAE. —Mustard Family. Arabis Canadensi: Barbarea Bovaven: enusy Dentaria laciniata. Draba verna. Lepidium Virginicum. Roripa palustris. RASSULACEAE. oS Family. Penthorum sedoide el amily. Heuchera Americana. Saxifraga Virginicnsis. HAMAMELIDACEAE.— Witch-Ilazel Famil ily. Hamamelis Virginiana. Liquidambar Styraciflua. PLATANACEAE.—Plane-tree Family. Platanus occidentalis. ACEAE.—Rose Family. Agrimonia hirsuta. mollis, Fragaria Virginiana. G naden Virginianum. Potentilla argentea. pumila villosus. ( 200 ) PoMACEAE.—Apple Family. Crataegus Oxyacantha. Malus Malus Pyrus communis, DRuPACEAE.—Plum Family. Prunus Avium. serotina eraceaine ina —Senna Family. Cassia ans. Cleitsia. ae Sai de gaa —Pea Family. Apios Apio Crotalaria Stel Falcata comosa. Lathyrus palustris. Lespedeza frutescens. procumbens. Medicago lupulina. Meibomia Canadensis. cinalis, Robinia Pseudacacia. Trifolium agrarium hybridum. pratense. repens. Vicia tetrasperma. GERANL eranium maculatum. OXALIDACEAE. —Wood-sorrel Family. Oxalis cymosa. NACEAE.—Flax Family. Linum Visi MARU. AE. Pei Family. dul A He oe POLYGALACE, Polygala wer iciilst EUPHORBIACEAE.—Spurge Family. Acalypha Virginica Euphorbia maculata : AE.—Geranium Family. oe Family. ANACARDIACEAE.—Sumac Family. Rhus glabra ILIcacHAE.—Holly Family. Tlex verticillata CELASTRACHAE.—Staff-tree Family. Celastrus scandens. Euonymus Americanus, STAPHYLEACEAE.—Bladder-nut ami Staphylea trifolia. ACERACEAE.—Maple Family. Acer rubrum saccharinum. BALSAMINACEAE.—Jewel-weed ae saa Impatiens bill RHAMNACEAE. aces Family. Ceanothus Americana Rhamnus cathartica. EAE.—Grape Family. Oe eee quinquefolia. Vitis aestivalis, LVACEAE.—Mallow Family. Fiibiscus Syriacus. Malva rotundifolia. HYPERICACEAE.—St. John’s-wort ‘ami Hypericum mutilum. erforatum. Sarothra gentianoides. ISTACEAH.—Rock-rose Family. Helianthemum Canadense. Lechea intermedia. eggettii VIOLACEAE.—Violet Family. Viola bland dilatata: (201) Viola pedata. rotundifolia. scabriuscula. sororia Cac ACEAE. oer Family. eae Opunt eae Primrose Family. Circaea Lutetiana. Epilobium coloratum. Kneiffia fruticosa. Pilosell pumila. Onagra biennis. ARALIACEAE.—Ginseng Family. Aralia ee is. Ta . Panax Ree ie: UMBELLIFERAE. Cicuta maculata Daucus Carota. Deringa Canadensis. Hydrocotyle Americana, Pastinaca sativa. Sanicula Canadensis. —Carrot Family. gregaria. inns as Claytoni. ORNACEAE.—Dogwood Family. Cornus anya ie um. Seer florida. Nyssa sylvatica. CLETHRACEAE.—White-Alder Family Clethra alnifolia. PYROLACEAE. rac i Aly. Chimaphila ae Pyrola elliptic “ ee Pipe Family. — uniflora. ERICACEAE, eal Family. Azalea ae Epigaea ee Gaultheria ae Kalmia latifo VACCINIACEAE.—Huckleberry Family Vaccinium 7 vacillans. IMULACEAE.—Primrose Family. Lysimachia Nummularia. uadrifolia terrestris. Steironema ciliatum. OLEACEAE.—Olive Family. Fraxinus Americana. Pennsy lvanica. Syringa vulgaris. G Gentian Family. Gentiana Andrewsii. APOCYNACEAE.—Dogbane Family. ace aes canabinum. Vinca minor ASCLEPIADACEAE.—Milkweed Family. Asclepias decumbens. pulchra. Syriaca. CONVOLVULACEAE.—Morning- Glory Fam ee Convolvulus — Cusc Cu ne gore Bonscinscrar.—Borage Family. Myosotis laxa VERBENACEA #.—Vervain Family. Verbena urticifo ¥.—Mint Family, Prunella vulgaris, ( 202 ) Scutellaria lateriflora. Trichostema dichotomum. SOLA —Potato Family. ae oe la. Solanum Dulcamara. SCROPHULARIACEAE.—Fig wort amily Gerardia tenuifolia. Gratiola aaa ee Canadensis Linaria. Melapyei lineare. imulus ringens Pedicularia Canadetists lanceolata, Scrophularia leporella. M : Veronica Chamaedrys. officinalis peregrina. serpyllifolia. OROBANCHACEAE.—Broom-rape Family. Leptamnium Ne eae Thalesia uniflor BIGNONIACEAE.—Trumpet-Creeper Family. Tecoma radicans, PHRYM oe Family. Phryma pane chya PLANTAGINACEAE.—Plantain Famil Plantago lanceolata. Madder Salas fa ieee Galium parine. circaezans. Mollugo. ine riflor fence eae CAPRIFOLIACEAE.—Honeysuckle Family. Sambucus Canadensis. Viburnum acerifolium. Viburnum dentatum. Lentago. prunifolium. a —Gourd Family. Sicyos angulatu Core cae —Bell. flower Fa amily Campanula eeeneacs Specularia perfoliata. Leontodon a aang Taraxacum erthrspermn Taraxacu A Ragweed Family. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, trifida oa aria Family. Pe ae Novae- Angle. puni Ge ae undulatus. vimineus. Bidens bipinnata. connata, frondosa. helianthoides. Carduus arveists. discolor. muticus. oe Leucanthemum, Lud. Brechtites Se aie ageratoides. maculatum. eines purpureum. Euthamia graminifolia. Helianthus giganteus. ( 203 ) Helianthus strumosus. Solidago pens caesia, Canadensis. uncea. nemoralis. atula serotin Verno a No oveboracensis. W cere scandens B. HERBACEOUS COLLECTION. PTERIDOPHYTA. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. Botrychium dissectum. ceolatum. obliquum. jianum. Ophioglossum arenarium. vulgatum. OSMUNDACEAE. Osmunda cinnamomea. onia regalis POLYPODIACEAE. Adiantum pedatum. ae ees acr ostichoides. i ammpto: Soe Fendleri. Januginosa, Cryptogramme acrostichoides. Cystopteris bulbifera. ragilis, Dryopteris acrostichoides. oottii. Braunit. cristata marginalis, b Natholaena Fendleri. Onoclea sensibilis. Struthiopteris. Pellaea atropurpurea. Phe ea ee thee Phyllitis ae Polypodium vulgare. Pteris aquilina, Woodsia Ilvensis, Woodsia obtusa. Woodwardia areolata. EQUuISETACEAE. Equisetum arvense uviatile ( 204 ) LYCOPODIACEAE. Lycopodium lucidulum. SELAGINELLACEAE. Selaginella apus. rupestris hyemale. SPERMATOPHYTA. Monocotyledones. GRAMINEAE. Bromus maximus. Agropyron dasystachyum. mollis. laucum. scoparius. intermedium ili Japonicum repens spicatum. ee ee oides. eneru alamagrostis Cauadéeusio: Agrostis alba Calamovilfa longifolia. intermedia Chaetochlo ea ca. pallida Ital ic peren Ammophi Coin ae altica Andropogon brevifolus schaemu Virginicus. per eae odoratum., Arrhenatherum elatius. Arundinella anomala, Arundo Donax. variegata. Avena alba. fatua minor. planiculmis. pubescens. strigosa. Bouteloua ore oligosta Brachypadion dita pinnatum rupestre Briza compacta. Bromus albi dus inermis. Corynephorus canescens. Cynosurus cristatus. elegans. Dactylis glomerata. Danthonia spicata Deschampsia atropurpurea. caespitosa pulchella. Dimeria ornithopoda. Elymus Americanus. nicus. Eragrostis pectinacea. Erianthus contortus. ? heterophylla. Festuca nigrescens, ovina duriuscula trachyphylla. sulcata. Holcus argenteus. anatus. Hordeum coeleste. Hystrix macrolepis. Manchurianum. vulgare. Hystrix Hystrix. Lolium Italicum. pere Lygeum as Melica Bauhinil. Miscanthus Sinensis gracillimus. rane s zebri vee sebolieee tenuiflora. Panicularia acutiflora. tsugetorum. ( 205 ) anicum virgatum. Se lum pubescens. Phalaris arundinacea. icta minor. Phleum pratense. Phragmites Phragmites. alpina compressa. flava. emoralis. alis. Savastana odorata. ecale Dalmaticum. fragile. montanum, Sesleria cylindrica. elongata. irsuta. Sorghum saccharatum. vulgare. Spartina cynosuroides. aurea-marginata. Sporobolus vaginaeflorus. Syntherisma fimbriata. linearis. Themeda Forskalii. Zea tunicata. CYPERACEAE. Carex arctica, z . pauleseene: Carex pedicellata. pubescens, retrorsa rosea. scoparia. typhinoides. lata virescens, vulpinoidea. xanthocarpa. Cyperus esculentus., liculmis strigosus. Eleocharis ovata. tenuis. Scirpus atrovirens. microcarpus, rinus ARACEAE. Acorus Calamus. variegata. ponicus. Arisaema Dracontium. Spathyema foetida. COMMELINACEAE. Commelina Benghalensis. oelestis x. Prenere reflexa, irginiana oocidentalie: JUNCACEAE. Juucoides campestre, Juncus effusus. tenuis. Torreyi. ( 206 ) MELANTHACEAE. Chamaelirium luteum. Melanthium i eoiaa Uvularia grandi nitida. sessilifolia. Veratrum viride. Zygadenus elegans. Nuttallii. LILIACEAE. Aletris farinosa Allium acuminatum. album angulosum. Babingtonii. fistulosum. fragrans. Ledebourianum. subhirsutum. icoccum vineale. Asphodeline Liburnica, Bessera elegans. Calochortus Gunnisoni. pee : ; ‘ Funkia albomarginata. iflora. ulata variegata. roe ava fulva. K-wanso unbergii. Hyacinthus candicans. Leucocrinum montanum. d Lilium Canadense elegans. Kranieri. Philadelphicum. eciosum Lilium speciosum melporum. raccox rubrum. tigrinum (double). te) Ornithog nen peas Paradisea Liliastru ricyrtis hirta. Yucca angustifolia. fi e CONVALLARIACEAE, Asparagus officinalis. Convallaria majalis. (pink. ) (striped foliage. ) edeola Virginiana Polygonatum biflorum. ce verticillatum A Streptopus roseus. rillium erectum Unifolium @anatens se, Vagnera amplexicaulis. acemosa. stellata. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Cooperia Drummondii. Crinum Capense alb roseut. longifolium. fimbriatulum Kirkii. Charlus albus. ( 204 ) Pancratium maritimum. sul Pree. IRIDACEAE. Gemmingia Chinensis. Iris Carolintana. cri a. prismatica. brat a. mors aie orien ee erna. versicolor. Montbretia crocosmaeflora. mucronatum. Tritoma iene Benary.’ CANNACEAE. Canna sp. ORCHIDACEAE. Aplectrum hyemale. Ib ee eos Gyrostachy te Habenaria lacera ( 208 ) Habenaria psychodes. Orchis militaris. as ean liliifolia, pallens. esell spectabilis. Ene eee Cabereoaee Peramium Menziesii. Orchis fusca pubescens. latifolia. Tipularia ariicia: maculata. DICOTYLEDONES. URTICACEAE. Rumex altissimus. Urtica dioica. confertus. gracilis. crispus Urticastrum divaricatum. status. SANTALACHAE. hymenosepalus. Comandra pallida. obtusifoli occidentalis. RISTOLOCHIACEAE. Olympicus. Aristolochia Clematitis. orientalis, Asarum Canadense Patientia. polygonifolius POLYGONACEAE. Bet i salicifolius as ei Alleni. d el mpanulatum. venosus., avai. . verticillatus. microthecum diffusum. wacicariue ellatum Fagopyrum cymosum. CHENOPODIACEAE. agopyrum. Atriplex canescens. Polygonum amphibium. ortensis aviculare ul Beta a ompactum. vulgaris. Convolvulus. Se album. Persicaria. ambrosioides. punctatum. Botrys. Sachalinense, capitatum. sagittatum. virgatum. irginianum. Hablitzia tamnoides. Zuccarinii Rheum cr sera AMARANTHACEAE, Franzenbachii. Amaranthus aureus, cree chlorostachys. Ribes. udatus. tetragonopus. cae aa ndulatum. giganteu: ebbianum. eee paniculats. acus Rumex Acetosa, kee alpinus. Amaranthus retroflexus. 8. ineus P Celosia aecented PHYTOLACCACEAE, Phytolacca acinosa. decandra NYCTAGINACEAE. Abronia fragrans. Allionia Nyctaginea. Mirabilis Jalapa AIZOACEAE. Mollugo verticillata. Tetragonia crystallina. expansa PORTULACACEAE, Calandrinia pilosiuscula. tonia Chamissoi CARVOPHVLLACEAE. een bicolor. Flos- Jov ago. ree graminea. Holostea ia eee serpyllifolia. Cerastium alpinum. arvense oblongifolium. dichotomum. hirsutum. viscosum. vulgatuin. Dianthus alpestris. fragrans. ( 209 ) Dianthus giganteus. latifolius tenuiflorus. Gypsophila acutifolia. aniculata. Lychnis Chalcedonica. Coronaria dioica, Flos-cuculi, Viscaria. Saponaria officinalis. Scleranthus annuus, Silene acauli Altaic viridiflora, ( 210 ) Tunica prolifera. Delphinium ee axifraga. Eranthis hyem Viscaria alpina. Helleborus ae niger RANUNCULACEAE. Hydrastis Canadensis. Aconitum Columbianum. Nigella Damascena. Fischeri. Paeoni Lycoctonum. a hirsutissima. Napellus uls Actaea alba. eee ciorige spicata. acris. Adonis vernalis. bulbosus. Anemone Canadensis. delphinifolius. cylindrica hispid dich inamoenu multifida. Nuttallii occidentalis, recurvatus quinquefolia eptentrionalis irginiana. yndesmon thalictroides Aquilegia Canadensis. Thalictrum angustifolium chrysantha. aquilegiifolium ciliata. coriaceum c dioicum grandiflora alba elatum ym Fendleri Sibirica avum. Skinneri. glaucescens. vulgaris laucum. alba. minus concinnum. grandiflora. elatum. Caltha leptosepala. urpurascens. Cimicifuga racemosa. nigrescens, Clematis Douglasii. polygamum. remontii. squarrosum, integrifolia. sylvaticum ochroleuca. Trollius Europaenus. ovata. axus. recta albiflorus. Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. eee Carolinianum ERBERIDACEAE. dictyocarpum. Caulophyllum thalictroides. elatum. Jeffersonia diphylla formosum. Podophyllum pelt intermedium. Vancouveria hexandra enziesii. occidentalis. PAPAVERACEAE. scopulorum. Argemone grandiflora, Sinense. hispida. Argemone ee a pe sa. ae an Eschscholtzia glauca. Glaucium flavum. eum rubrum. Papaver Caucasicum. ceum. s ragura r Sanguinaria Canadensis. Serene diphyllu FUMARIACEAE. Bicuculla Cucullaria. spectabilis Capnoides sempe eens CRUCIFERAE. Alyssum argenteum. articulatum. Tur hae oe rei. ‘yt urpurea. Barbarea arcuata. acteosa. isie auriculata. ciliata. Brassica campestris. Bunias orientalis. ra Atlanticum. (211) Camelina sativ: Cardamine cordifolia, Cheiranthus Cheiri. Dentaria maxima. Draba aizoides. ispida rgatum. Euclidium Lae Farsetia clypea riocarpa. Hesperis matronalis. Iberis ee olia. a cipie Gibraltar hybrida. Sibirica. Isatis praecox. netori Koniga maritima. Lepidium graminifolium. unaria annua rediviva. Physaria didymocarpa. Rapistrum Linnaeanum Roripa palustris. Sinapis alba. Allionii. Sisymbrium Austriacum. Stanleya pinnata. Thlaspi alpestre. arvense CAPPARIDACEAE. Cleome Candelabrum. serrulata. Isomeris arborea. Polanisia graveolens. trachysperma. RESEDACEAE. Reseda alba. glauca stenopetalum, stoloniferum. telephioides. Telephium. ternatum Sempervivum arachnoideum. t cuneatum., Ruthenicum. tectorum Verloti. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Astilbe Japonica. Heuchera Americana, acteata Cotyledon ( 212 ) Saxifraga latifolia. nivalis. Pennsylvanica. speciosa Virginie Tiarella cordifolia. ROSACEAE. Acaena myriophylla. ovalifolia sarmentosa. Agr monia odorata. parviflora. Se Mitiemiita vulgaris. a Fragaria glauca. vesca irginian Geum Canadense. iloens pidum. macrophyllum. tivale. Seam strictu ee eee trifoliatus. Potentilla alpestris. argentea. argentea oe verna. hy ar. yll scosnguines bien rtorum., digitata < flabellata. eoides, glandulosa, Potentilla Goldbachii. nigi eg ene Herbichii. poda. Pennsylvanica. arachnoides. Piersii. ea chrysantha. ae Tima pum ee | ee lateriflora En raee tridentata. Ulmaria a ndula. palm mar a a. Waldsteinia fragarioides. CAESALPINACEAE. Cassia Chamaecrista. rylandi nictitans PAPILIONACEAE, panes ance Indica. Amorpha na Anthyllis nee. Astragalus alpinus. ( 213 ) Astragalus Carolinianus. chlorostachys. Hypoglottis. white-flowered. xmanii. Narbonensis. ulcatus, tridactylicus. vicioides. Baptisia australis. eucantha. aaa tinctor Caragana a ae Colutea arborescens. Coronilla Cretica. Dolichos sesquipedalis. Falcata comiosa. nice officinalis. ersica. Nets tinctoria, Glycine hispida. Soja. asad echinata. lepidot Hedysaram coronariuni. uzii. ies tinctoria. Kubnistera candida. ea tenuifol Lathyrus ee Aphaca artien tarde azureus Clymenum. Lathyrus decaphyllus. sifolius. venosus. Lespedeza bicolor. capitata. irta. procumbens. violacea. Lotus Americanus. dulis tenuis. Lupinus ae senias: bicolor, (214) pase or _tubercu Notion ae a a. Onobrychis Caput-galli. Crista-galli. montana sativa. aginalis. Ononis alopecuroides. rvensis ma, diversifolius. aponicus. multiflorus. ungo nanus. subroseus. maritimus. Psoralea Onobrychis. physodes Psoralea pinna Rhynchosia ate Scorpiurus muricata. miculata spicata. plenden Strophostyles helvola. tee sc bifiorus. Thermopsis Caroliniana. montana. amphicarpa da. Leavenworthii. lutea. Narbonensis. peregrina picta. sativa. tetrasperma. Vigna Sinensis. GERANIACEAE. Erodium ciconium. cicutarium ruinum. macrophyllum. (215 ) Geranium asphodeloides. TROPAEOLACKAE. SE eas majus OXALIDACEAE. Oxalis corniculata stricta. cymosa grandis. violacea. LINACEAE. Linum Altaicum Ww. Virginianum. Rurac Dictamnuus Fraxinella. Ruta graveolens YGALACEAE. Polygala ch Senega. EUPHORBIACEAE. Euphorbia corallata. Cyparissi dendroides ooo ie. Lathyris. Liburni Nicaeensis eplus. oe olyg piece robusta. Mercurialis annua. perennis. Ricinus communis. LIM ANTHACEAE. Limnanthes aaa BALSAMINACEAE. Impatiens Balsamin ae ALVACEAE. Abutilon ae Ithaea ean ati aes ficifoli ii. a involucrata. ibiscus militaris. Trionum. Kitaibelia vitifolia. Malope erendilines, Malva Abyssinica. Alcea Mauritianica. moschata alba. oxyloba. sylvestris. alba. verticillata. crispa. Malvastrum coccineum, Limense (216 ) Sida neler her. oe folia. Sidelcea candida. HYPERICACEAE. Ascyrum hypericoides. Hypericum Androsaemum. Ascyron utilum. orientale decussatum. prolificum. Sarothra gentianoides. CISTACEAE. Helianthemum eee Lechea Legg ine VIOLACEAE, Cubelium concolor. Viola Banatic blanda. amoena. Brittoniana. anade ensis papilionnicea: pedata. pedatifida. olychroma. primulaefolia. Viola rostrata. rot ifolia. LOASACEAE. Mentzelia laevicaulis. nuda. CTACEAE. Cactus Missouriensis. iviparus. ee Simpsoni. minor, Rann viridiflorus. Opuntia fra utnifusa. mesacantha Greenei. macrorrhiza. LYTHRACEAE. Lythrum alatum Salicaria. ONAGRACEAE. Anogra albicaulis. allida. Cha: maenerion angustifolium. ee Lutetiana. um ‘Abysnionm ta igonu Gaura coccinea. ndheimeri. parviflora. Kneiffia Fraseri. umila. riparia. Lavauxia brachycarpa. Lamarckiana. (217 ) OEnothera parviflora. rhombipetala Oakesiana. Pachylophus caespitosus. ARALIACEAE. Aralia hispida. nudicaulis. racemosa. Panax quinquefolia. trifolia. UMBELLIFERAE. Agasyllis PE Aletes acaulis. Angelica atropurpurea. Ata a Eryngium aquaticum. llardieri P Peeniculani: officinale. Heracleum cial eine tets ispidum Ligusticum apiifolium. ferrulaceum. Musineon trachysperma. OEnanthe Lachenalii. eucedanifolia. ativa. Peucedanum verticillare. Pimpinella aromatica. Tragi gium. Sanicula gregaria Scandix Balansae. Persica. Selinum ae Py ACEAR, Chimaphila Sona an elliptica. undi fella. ERICACEAE. Gaultheria procumbens. PRIMULACEAE. Anagallis arvensis. coerulea. Androsace coronopifolia, elongata. septentrionali Dodecatheon Hendersentr: Meadia. pauciflora. Lysimachia atropurpurea. N aria ulga: Steironema cae: PLUMBAGINACEAE, Limonium latifolium. Plumbago Larpentae. ( 218 ) Statice Armeria. plantaginea. t: EN 5 anes Frasera spec Genti iana Andrewsi Saponaria. Swertia perennis. APOCYNACEAE. Amsonia Amsonia. latifolia. Apocynum androsaemifolium. cannabinum ASCLEPIADACEAE. Acerates auriculata. viridiflora. — incarnata. pulchra. guadrifolia, eciosa, Sullivantii. tuberosa. verticillata. ain a. Cynanchum Leptadenia oe Vincetoxicum obliquum. CONVOLVULACEAE. Convolvulus arvensis. incanus. luteolus purpuratus. repens Sepium. Evolvulus argenteus. Ipomoea leptophylla. pandurata. purpurea POLEMONIACEAE. Gilia pungens. P. glaberrima. Phlox paniculata. ilosa eubelaea: Polemcnium coeruleum. album. confertum mellitum. num Van Bruntiae. ROPHYVLLACEAE. H sdrophytvn Canadense. : 8 BORAGINACEAE. Anchusa altissima. offic ere Cerinthe ee nee ee furcatum. ee Nebrodense. officinale pictum. Echium violaceum ilis Lithospermum anensionuee multifiorum. Reeeies lanceolata. Sibirica Virginic Myosotis coiiea palustris. Omphalodes linifolia. Onosmodium Carolinianum, Symphytum echinatum. officinale. VERBENACEAE. Caryopteris Mastacanthus. Lippia cuneifolia. Verbena Aubletia. officinalis. pulchella, ( 219 ) Verbena urticifolia. venosa LABIATAE. Agastache anethiodora. nepetoide rugosa. — ie repta ariegata. Ballota ation lanata. preneereee Acinos. alpinum, epetoide: Collinsonia Cunienns. Cunila origanoides Dracocephalum Raveena Galeopsis versicolor. Glechoma hederacea. Hyssopus officinalis. aristatus, Koellia flexuosa. mutica, Virginiana. Lamium maculatum. Leonurus Cardiaca. Sibiricus. Lycopus Europaeus. s icus. Marrubium aaa vulgar aie a Mentha aquatica. Canadensi me Nepeta Cataria, grandiflora. latifolia Nepeta nu Oe aia. Origanum vulgare. Phlomis tuberosa. viscosa. Physostegia Virginiana. Plectranthus g aucocalyx ris. virgata. Scutellaria albida. alpina. altissima lateriflora. Sideritis hyssopifolia. Stachys Betonica. alba. hirsuta hyssopifola, SOLANACEAE. Atropa Belladonna, (220) Datura gigantea. Metel Tatula, Hyoscyamus niger. rustica, Physalis angulata. Francheti heterophylla. obata. Saracha Jaltomata. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Castilleja integra li iMaciaetolia:. pallida. Celsia Pontica, Chelone glabra. yoni. Digitalis ambigua. ferruginea. pu Erinus alpinus. Hebenstreitia tenuifolia. Leptandra Virginica. Linaria bipartita splendens. Dalmatica. Linaria. littoralis. eloponnesiaca. purpurea. striata. — lineare. Mimulus s. ee ee Groenlandica. procera, Pentstemon acuminatus. barbatus Torreyi. campanulatus angustifolius. Pentstemon canescens eruleus Scorodonia. Verbascum Blattaria. Cedreti is oro aes Thapsus. virgatum. Veronica Byzantina. Chamaedry corymbosa variegata. nanan pes ee ie PEDALIACEAE. Martynia fragrans. ACANTHACEAE, Justicia procumbens. Ruellia ciliosa strepens. PLANTAGINACEAE. Plantago arenaria a ( 221 ) Plantago media purpurascens. Rugelii. Virginica. RUBIACEAE. Asperula aureo-setosa. ga ae es glom Giucianeii ‘Ati Galium aristat rvum. tenuissimum. triflorum. verum. Houstonia coerulea. Sherardia arvensis. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Triosteum angustifolium. erfoliatum VALERIANACEAE. Centranthus ruber albus Valeriana edulis. officinalis. Valerianella vesicaria, DIPSACEAE. Cephalaria leucantha. radiata Tatarica. Knautia arvensis. Scabiosa calocephala. Caucasica. olumbaria. (222) Scabiosa crenata. Hieracium flagellare. wm: Greenii ariaefolia, en: onica incisum micrantha sian prolifera cranica Pe aes vestina. lampsanoides Succisa australis, lasiophyllum ingulatu UCURBITACEAE. Apodanthera undulata. Cobalium elate _ nitidum. Cyclanthera paces pal CAMPANULACEAE, Pilosella. Adenophora lilfolia pratense. suaveolens. pulmonarioides. Campanula alliariaefolia. Reichenbachii atica rubescens. celtidifolia sca Cervicaria. stoloniferum lamiifolia tridentat latifolia. venosum. edium. vulgatum. punctata. Hyoseris radiata. rapunculoides. Hypochoeris glabra. rotundifolia, Lactuca Canadensis. R ica. perennis. tomentosa. Plumieri Trac es spicata. Jasione perennis. virosa. Phyteuma betnieafotion Leontodon hastilis. Platycodon grandiflorum, Nabalus albus. Maresii. mo CICHORIACEAE. trifoliolatus Achryophorus pinnatifidus. Picridium eee Adopogon Carolinianum. Picris echioi irginicu Pyren ica Barkhausia rubra = utata Cichorin: Sitilias Caroliniana. Taraxacum erythrospermum. ‘araxacum., Tolpis barbata. Zacintha verrucosa. AMBROSIACEAE. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia. mplexicaule aurantiacum. rifida. buglossoides. Xanthium Italicum. calycinum. miacrocarpum. Xanthium spinosum. trumarium COMPOSITAE. Achillea ce ae ricta, Acroclinium roseum. Actinella acaulis Anaphalis cree aced. Antennaria alpina. Canadensis. Carpatica pulcherrima. ees Anthemnis altissima. tri Aplopappus Paegi Arachnospermum heterospermum. minus Artemisia annua. (223) Artemisia arbuscula. capillaris filifolia. Aster Amellus. azureus, Schim peri. Bigelovia graveolens. Boltonia asteroides. latisquamea. Brauueria purpu al rea. Buphthalmum are Cacalia has Cal eis: arvensis. Pannoniens divaricatus. serratus. spiuosissimus. trichodenia. Carlina acaulis. Catananche eocnu les. Centaurea calcitrapoides, irrata (224 ) Centaurea diluta. Dahlia superfiua. riophora riabilis, rocodylium. Dimorphotheca annua Friderici chinais carlinoides. acea, Echinops Persi macrocephala. sp. ocephalus microptil Erigeron a nigrescens. compositus rphanidea, flagell pratensis glabellus salicifolia glauc Imantica linifolius. macranthus spinulosa. pulchellus 1 speciosus. a. Eupatorium oe Chrysanthemum Balsamita cannabin natu: maculatum corymbosum purpureum. lacustre. Euthamia lanceolata. Leucanthemum. leptocephala. macrophyllum. Gaillardia aristata. montanum. pulchella. Parthenium. Galinsoga brachystephana. praealt erbera nivea. 8 Grindelia inuloid uliginosum rubicaulis mavens viscosum. Guizotia wees Chrysopsis falcata. Gutierrezia Euthamiae. villosa. Helenium Hoopesii. Cnicus benedictus. striatum grandicephalum. Coleosanthus cali Helianthella quinquenervis Conyza longifoli: th Coreopsis eat re gigan kinsoniana grosse-serratus auriculata. laetiflorus. bicolor. cae cardaminifolia. mo lanceolata. Se latifoli orgyalis rosea pumilus tripteris. rigidus verticillata. strumosus. Cryptostemma calendulaceum., Cynara Scolymus. Heliopsis tauiee ides Dahlia coccinea. Hymenopappus filifolius. racilis. Inula Conyza. Merckii. ensifolia. Inula Helenium. Jurinea va ae. Co tula Matricaria easerienioides, glabra Mesadenia atriplicifolia. i ‘0 Ratibida columnaris. pinnata. Rudbeckia digitata. laciniata a. Santolina incana. pectinata. colymus en oe eee ra His Senecio eee ee aureus Balsamitae ch yoann neuaitoline: aa Dor: Donel ( 225 ) Senecio Fendleri. acrophyllus. viscosus. Serratula coronata. macrophylla. rophylla. Siegesteckia orientalis. cinia ° Solidago arguta. Boottii caesia. Canadensis. flexuosa gigantea. juncea. Missouriensis Riddellii igida irga-aurea. Sphenogyne anthemoides, Stokesia cyanea. Synosma suaveolens. Tagetes Lemmoni. Tanacetum boreale. uronense. vulgare. crispum. Thelesperma‘ambiguum, gracile. uaa sericea. opogon oe Tassago Farfar Urosper nae se. Verbesina oe enceli pauses pauciflora. procera tetraptera P Vernonia ‘Areas eranthemum ea ceeee Zinnia aurea ele Haageana, verticillata. ( 226) C. FRUTICETUM. SALICACEAE. Salix discolor. humilis tristis MYRICACEAE. Comptonia peregrina Myrica Carolinensis. sel Alnus Betula pa fastigiata. Corylus Americana. Pontica. purpurea. FAGACEAE. Quercus humilis. el Planera Pere Zelkova ie ee MORACEAE. Morus Tatarica. DENDRACEAE. TRO oii Japonicum. RANUNCULACEAE. Paeonia Moutan. Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. BERBERIDACEAE. Berberis Canadensi: CALYCANTHACEAE, Butneria fertilis NONACEAE. Asimina eo LAURACEAE. Benzoin Benzoin. SAXIFRAGACEAE, Deutzia crenata Hydrangea arborescens. Otaksa. paniealats grandiflora. radia a. ea Virgini Philadelphis coronarius. GROSSULARIACEAE. Ribes aureum. jiacantha. fasciculatum Chinense. floridum oxyacanthoides. a ani x Sr ar aia - ~ oe spic Hamamelis Virginiana. ROSACEA. Exochorda grandiflora. Neviusia Alabam ensis. Opulaster opulifo: dot Rhodotypus neces Rosa blanda. rugosa. Rubus deliciosus. odoratus. illosus. Spiraea Amurensis. callosa. carpinifolia. neifoli tomentosa. alba. vaccinifolia. Stephanandra flexuosa. POMACEAE. Amelanchier Botryaioen Arouia arbutifolia nigra gra Géteueasice obtusa. noe ii Cratacg elandto pun Pyrus at DRUPACEAE. Prunus Americana. maritima adus. Pissardi. Virginiana. AESALPINIACEAE, Ca Cercis Canadensi ee APILIONACEAE. Amorpha fate Robinia hispida. Sopbora violacea. RUTACEAE. Citrus trifoliata, Ptelea trifoliata XKanthox ACARDIACEAE. Cotinus ee Rhus aromatica. copallina abra. ILICACEAE. Ilex Sieboldi. verticillata. CELASTRACEAE. Euonymus alatus. mericanus atropurpureus. Europaeus radicans um Agieteinnen m. (227 ) STAPHYLEACEAE. Staphylea Colchica. trifolia HIPPOCASTANACEAE. AEsculus parviflora. SAPINDACEAE. Sapindus marginatus. Xanthoceras sorbifolia. RHAMNACEAE. Ceanothus Americanus tus. crenulata. MALVACEAE. Hibiscus Syriacus. THEACEAE. Stuartia pentagyna. HYPERICACEAE. Hypericum calycinum densiflorum proliferum. TAMARICACEAE. Tamarix Africana Gallica HYMELEACEAE. Dirca palustris. ELAEAGNACEAE. Elaeagnus hortensis, ARALIACEAE, Aralia pentaphylla. Dimorphanthus Mandschuricus. CORNACEAE. ee eis um. ee circinata. as. anguinea, stolonifera. ( 228 ) CLETHRACEAE. Lonicera fragrantissima. Clethra te Ledebourii. an Morrowi. RICACEAE. orientalis. Leucothoé Catesbaei. hylomelae. VACCINIACEAE. Seana Vaccinium see s. Xylosteu RACACEAE, Seiproncecses racemosus, tise hispid Symphoricarpos. Styrax Jap m. Viburnum acerifolium "Or LEACHAE. cassinoides Chionanthus Virginica. cotinifolium. Forsythia suspensa. viridissima Lantana. Ligustrum buxifolium. Lentago. Ibota. medium. Nepalense. ovalifolium. Opulus. Syringa Pekinensis. phlebotrichum. ERBENACEAE. licatum. Callicarpa aan prunifolium. OLIACEAE, pubescens. Diervilla mes D. ARBORETUM. (Including species naturally growing in the grounds.) GINKGOACEAE. JUGLANDACEAE. Ginkgo biloba. Hicoria alba. TAXACHAE. microcarpa. Taxus acuminata, minima. mpacta. ovata. baccata Juglans cinerea, yramidalis nigra. Canadensis. regia. cuspidata. SALICACEAE. ACEAE. Populus alba. Juniperus aad amare toa Larix larici tremuloides, Pinus pene Salix a vitellina. contorta B byloni ca. densifolia, divaricata. BETULACEAE. excelsa Alnus glutinosa. Strobus. incana. sylvestris. Japonica. hunbergii. Oregona. Tsuga Canadensis. Sp. Alnus sp. Betula Ermani. aa ie nigra. papyrifer populifolia Imifolia. Carpinus eae Ostrya Virgin re Castanea dentata. a platanoides. Robur. rubra. velutina. ULMACEAE. Celtis occidentalis. cana, ca tris. crassifolia. acemosa. MORACEAE. Broussonetia Kaempferi. rubr Toxylon pomiferum. TROCHODENDRACEAE. uae sane Ma IACEAE. ecaee pies a. fastigiata. variegata. Magnolia acuminata. tripetala LAURACEAE. Sassafras See ( 229) HAMAMELIDACEHAE. Liquidambar Styracifiua. PLATANACEAE. id tali Plat. orientalis. POMACEAE. Crataegus cordata. xyacantha. Malus coronaria. Malus intermedia macrantha. rivularis. spectabilis fl. pl. Toringo sp. Sorbus Americana. Aucuparia. DRUPACEAE. Prunus Avium. divaricata. myrobalana. Pseudocerasus. serotina. Simonii. sp. CAESALPINACEAE, Gleditsia triacanthos. PAPILIONACEAE. Robinia Pseudacacia. RUTACEAE. la Sinensis Cc is. Phellodendron Amurense, Japonicum SIMARUBACEAE. Ailanthus glandulosa. ANACARDIACEAE, Cotinus cotinoides Rhus hirta Osbeckii. ILICACEAE. Tlex opaca. ACERACEAE, Acer campestre. Negundo. Pennsylvanicum. platanoides Pseudo- Pistanue: rubrum. saccharinum. accharum, ‘TILIACEAE. Tilia Americana, ARALIACEAE. Acanthopanax ricinoides. Aralia canescens. aponi spinosa. CORNACEAE. Cornus alternifolia. (230 ) Cornus florida. Nyssa aquatica. STYRACACEAE, Mohrodendron Carolinum. dipternm OLEACEAE. Fraxinus Americana. ungeana quadrangulata. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Paulownia tomentosa. BIGNONIACEAE. Catalpa Bungei. Catalpa. Kaempferi. speciosa. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Viburnum Lentago. prunifolium. E. NURSERIES AND ORDERS. Species not represented in other plantations. PINACEAE. res subalpin Larix Dahur Sibirica archangel Picea Engelma ponderosa seopuienin Psendotsuga taxifolia. Taxodium distichum. AMARYLLIDACEAE.* Narcissus Backhousei Wm. Wilks. Barrii conspicuus, Wilson. Orpheus. bicolor compressa, len B Carbularia, ae sulphur yellow ex. large, snow white ex. strong. *Collection presented by Mr. Peter Barr. Narcissus cernuus. amineus major. Golden Spur. gracilis Humei H ume’s Giant. incomparabilis Autocrat. maxim a ynosure, ( ae albus plenus auranteus, dble. albus plenus sulphur- eus. e. auranteus plenus. Frank Miles wyther yther. King of the Netherlands. Poiteau. Queen Bess. semipartitus. Sir Watkin Johnstonii Queen of Spain, ize. poetarum, ex. large. P. B. Barr, princeps, ex. large. S) Maria nta Scoticus, ex. large. tortuosus. triandrus albus, large size. Wm. Goldring. W. P. Milne SALICACEAE. Populus balsamifera candicans. Catharinae nilifera. oskoviensis. Ist 31) Populus Simonii. tremu “ es. Wobst ry alba vitellina cotinifolia. ericea, viminalis regalia. UGLANDACEAE. Hicoria laciniosa. Pecan BETULACEAE. Betula alba. Carpinus Betulus. Corylus rostrata. strya Virginiana. AGACEAE. Alnus incanus virescens. Castanea vesca. Fagus sylvatic Quercus pinnacle, Tosse-se. errata: ULMACEAE. Ulmus Sibirica. Sinensis. Zelkova Richardi. MORACEAE. Humulus Lupulus. Morus alba Japonica. LY¥GONACEAE. Atraphaxis lanceolata. NYMPHAEACEAE. Castalia alba. candidissima. elvola. Marliac albida. carnea. ( 232 ) Castalia Marliac chromatella. Paeonia officinalis Otto Froebel. rosea. rosea odorata gigantea. Jen maxima rubra plena minor. Sabini ea. paradoxa. sulphurea fimbriata maea peregrina Richardsoni Blushing Maid. tuberosa rosea Brillia ornare lutea oe Nelum bee mpac RANUNCULACEAE. culaaee u meen Atragene alpina Sibirica. hes: yO lematis Davidiana. Pp . ; ligus lia Russi of Sicily. oe tenuifolia fi. pl. paniculata ide Paeonia* anomala . P : triternata. insignis Peter Barr ERBERIDACEAE. intermedia Akebia Pie arietina. Berberis Aquifolium. Andersoni urreyana Boxteri aristata floribunda Cretica heteropoda ioge repens. excelsior rhamnifolia d spathulata MENISPERMACEAE. atador. Northern Glory. elope eon ae osy G MAGNOLIACEAE. atrorubens noe Magnolia Fraseri, aren macro la. ieee Virginiana. corallina oe CALYCANTHACEAE. decora Gertrude sia ieee anthe, occidentalis. of Monte Gear ee XIFRAGACEAE. umilis Deutzia sc arpa. earn ee ofcinalis cm fl. pl. GROSSULARIACEAE. neiflora. rosea plena. rubra plena. Menispermum Canadense lobatum. Dahurica. Ribes cereum divaricatum. ori var. * Collection presented by Mr. Peter Barr. (233) Ribes nigrum, Rubus leucostachys. robustum. Lindleyanus. rubrum Brusskonaja. longithyrsiger. sanguineum atrorubens. macrophyllus ‘ ucronatus saxatile. mutabilis, PLATANACEAE. neglectus. Platanus orientalis. Pupescens radiat ROSACEAE. seater: Cercocarpus parvifolius. strigosus. Exochorda Alberti. xanthocarpus. Holodiscus discolor. pees Billardii Kerria Japonica. maedrifolia. Opulaster monogyna. ee igata. Rosa acicularis. ued tae alpina. Regelian Arkansana, ae Beggeriana POMACKAE. Schren 2 : Fendleri. Amelanchier Canadensis, Cotoneaster acutiloba. fri ae spida. involuta Wilsoni, lucida im cida. lutea ee ere ( ) floribunda. ‘canine Crataegus chlorosarca. microphylla nigrica. ollis Oxyacantha. nitida innatifid pisocarpa anguinea pomifera. inaica. ; rugosa alba, Malus coronaria. fl. pl Malus var. sericea Photinia villosa. 2 Pyrus baccata. spinosissima etuli olia It termedi: stylosa Japonica tomentosa oo Wichuraiana ar manni i Sorbus Americana. Rubus caesius : 1 corylifolius ucuparia. et DRUPACEAE. echinatus. Amygdalus nana. fruticosus. Prunus acida. Allegheniensis. Armeni ystrix. niaca. laciniatus. Avium multiplex. Prunus Baldshuanica. aa oe ania Japon tek Colchica. Maackii. nigra Pennsylvanice Persic oe cerasus. spinosa. CAESALPINACEAE. Cercis Siliquastrum. Gleditsia Sinensis. Gymnocladus dioica. PAPILIONACEAE. Caragana arborescens Redowski. tescens jubata. microphylla. pygmaea au a. Cladrastis Amurensis var. utea. Colutea arborescens purpureus. cruenta pendu sessilifolius. villosus. Genista AEthnensis Anglica acronis elatior, virgata Kraunhia cease. Laburnum alpinum. biforme. Robinia viscosa. Ulex Europaeus. (234) OXALIDACEAE. Oxalis Valdiviensis. BUXACEAE. Buxus sempervirens. carne terminalis. RIA RIACEAE. Coriaria Renee ANACARDIACEAE. Rhus trilobata. CELASTRACEAE, Celastrus an niculatu Euonymus Maackii. ACERACEA Acer campestre collinum. glabrum. laetum monspessulanum. obtusatum platanoides spicatum Tataricum lobat HIPPOCASTANACEAE. AEsculus flava. glabra Hippocastanam Lyo SAPINDACEAE. Koelreuteria ke sania MNACEAE. Ceanothus Pane ovatus. velutinus Hovenia dulci: Rhamuus ae angustifolia, infectoria. tinctoria. ACEAE, Parthenocissus Veitchii. vitacea. Vitus riparia. TILIACEAE. Tilia Americana, cordata Japonica. Tilia Kuropaea. Mandshurica. platyphylla. THEACEAE, Actinidia Kolomikta. olygam CISTACEAE, Helianthemum Apenninum. roseum THYMELEACEAE. Daphne Mezereum ELAEAGNACEAE, Elaeagnus edulis aa oa rhamnsidé S. Lepargyraea Canadensis. ARALIACEAE. Panax sessiliflorum. UMBELLIFERAE. Krubera leptophylla. CORNACEAE. Cornus sanguinea (variegated). Sibirica ERICACEAE. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. lea amoena. arborescens. mollis. viscosa. Kalmia angustifolia. glauca. Leucothoé racemosa. recurva. Oxydendrum arbor Rho cee eee. parviflorum punctatum. aseyi. Xolisma ligustrina. VACCINIACEAE. Gaylussacia resinosa. Vaccinium corymbosum. stamineum HBENACEAE. Diospyros Virginiana, (235 ) STYRACACEAH, Mohrodendron corymbosa. OLEACEAE. Forsythia Fortuni. Fraxinus Americana. auculaefolia. Oregona rnus. Pennsylvanica. nt de Choisie. nance LOGANIACEAE. Buddleia curvifolia, intermedia. Lindleyana. VERBENACEAE, aug purpurea. x Agnus-castrex. SOLANACEAE, Lycium Chinense. SCROPHULARIACEAE, Paulownia tomentosa. BIGNONIACEAE. Tecoma grandiflor: radicans peat PEDALIACEAE, Sesamum Indicum Cerner ieee, Diervilla Japonica Mi endociand: sessilifolia splendens. $ li ea brachypoda. chrysantha, ciliata coerulea, dependens. a Lonicera hispida. involucrata. aacki. Maximowiczii Ruprechtiana. Sibirica Tatarica. Sambucus Canadensis. laciniatus. F. TEMPORARY CYATHEACEAE, Alsophila ey Dicksonia Barometz. diss POLYPODIACEAE. Adiantum hastat hispidulum pubescens. Cyrtomium falcatum. Doodia caudata. Dryopteris Nevadensis. mollis oe are cordata compacta. exaltat: Pellaea has Patyeden “stthiopioum alcicorn biform Polypodium aureum. palyeecnnne angulare. Pteris cretica eusiformis. Woodwardia radicans. SCHIZEACEAE, Lygodium scandens. ELAGINELLACEAE. Selaginella caesia flabellata Emillana. CYCADACEAE, Cycas circinalis. ( 236) Sambucus nigra. racemosa SS) ymphoricarpos occidentalis. Viburnum dilatatum. Opulus nanum. Oxycoccos. Weigela amabilis. esboisii. floribunda. GREENHOUSE. Cycas revolut Zamia eee its PINACEAE. Thuja gigantea. Picea Sitchensis. Abies grandis. nobilis. Pseudotsuga taxifolia. Pinus Lambertiana. Sabiniana. GRAMINEAE. Panicum excurrens. CYPERACEAE. Cyperus alternifolius. var. gracilis. tricta, PALMACEAE. Areca lutescens. maerops excelsa 11i Sabai Blackburnianum. almetto. Neo washingtonia filifera. ARACEAE, glaonema marmorata. Alocasia illustris. sp. Anthurium Scherzerianum. sp. sp. ieffenbachia Bau ee vaarnnenires pondine BROMELIACEAE. Billbergia sp. Nid ee roseum. Tillandsia sp. ONTEDERIACEAE. P Piaropus crassipes LILIACEAE. Aloe fruticosa. grandiflora. Hanburyana. mitriformis. icta miana. subalterna ? succotrina. sp. Mexico. sp. Texas. Anthericum variegatum. Asparagus procumbens. issim us Dracaena Tiadeni, Gasteria sp. sp. Haworthia cymbiformis. Sansevieria cylindrica. racilis. zebrina. Yucca sp. sp AMARYLLIDACEAE, Agave American na. sp. Mexico. sp. Sp. rein llis sp. Madeira. Sp. re ie excelsa. Eucharis Amazonica, Fourcroya variegata. [USACEAE, Musa Cavendishii. ( 237 ) usa sapientum Sulit gigantea Reg ZINZIBERACEAE. Alpinia sp. eae praia aaa Hedych MARANTACEAE. Maranta pumila. rosea striata. sp. Thalia divaricata. ORCHIDACEAE. crispa. Gaskelliana. Harrisoniae violacea. intermedia Jabiata av araedit Leopoldii luteola. Percivaliana. Schofieldiana. speciosissima. velutina. Coelogyne barbata. corrugata tomentosa, sp. Cymbidium aks giana albane erie Cypripedium barbatum biflorum. hirsutissimum insigne. albomarginatum. oO. eeanum. longifolium. Lowei um oebelenti genuine: sp. Dendrobium aggregatum. worthii siacropliviiun giganteum. ( 238 ) Dendrobium moniliforme. tortile roseum. Veitchianum. rdianum. sp. Epidendron bicornutum. nemorale majus. Sp. Laelia anceps. purpurata. Lycaste aromatica. inneri. Miltonia Clowesii. Moreliana Sp. Oncidium Papilio. phymatochilum. splendi Phajus pend oni sp. Pleione _ Trichosm Zygope ane Aas MORACEAE. Ficus altissima. elastica san LYGONACEAE,. re payed YCTAG EAE. pee nee ae AIZOAC 7 Mesembryanthemum cordifolium. igrinum CRASSULACEAE. Crassula a perfossa, ? ee Caieiies Peacockii. Rochea falcata. sp. Sedum aureum. ternatum. sp. sp. MIMOSACEAE. Acacia Farnesiana. CAESALPINACEAE, Cassia occidentalis Tora, PAPILIONACEAE, Clitoria tern: Hedysarum gyrans. Rhynchosia erectus. sp. GERANIACEAE, Pelargonium sp. OXALIDACEAE. Oxalis Ortgiesi. p. Mexico. RUTACEAE. Murraya exotica. EUPHOREIACEAE. peso Candela CEAE. SAPINDA Cardiospermum microcarpon. MatLvACEAR. Abutilon ‘‘ Africain.” ( 239) Abutilon pedunculare. “*Souv. de Bonn.” sp. Hibiscus aurantiacus. ee eri, ee SD: Pavonia Wio Sida ee rhombifolia, ? STERCULIACEAE. Cola acuminata. Mahernia odorata. PASSIFLORACEAE. Passiflora incarnata sp. Mexico BEGONIACEAE. Begonia Credneri. iscolor. glaucophylla scandens. hydrocotylifolia “ Louise Curtis.”’ manicata ex. Saundersii. sp. CACTACEAE. Cactus Bonplandii. Bridgesii sane sp. Cereus Baumani. caesius. candicans. colubrinus. e Regel. flagelliformis, grandiflorus Hamiltoni. Jamacaru. grandiflorus ( 240 ) Cereus lateritus. Echinocactus sp. eptophu sp. MacDonaldae sp. macrogonus. Echinopsis multiplex. Mayuardi. uccarinii. McDonaldii. Epiphyllum truncatum. nycticaulis violaceum. rsii Peruvianus. sp. repandus. sp. rostratus. Mammillaria applanata. serpentinus. arietina. speciosissimus. cirrhifera longispina. splendens. lega: tortuosus lasiacantha Mexico micr Ss sp. Mexico mini sp. Arizona. nive sp pusilla sp. Stella-aurata. sp. sp. sp. Opuntia basilaris. sp. rachyantha. sp. Brasiliensis. sp. inifera. sp. cylindrica. sp. dulcis sp. Emoryi. (Snake Cactus). Engelmanni. Echinocactus alcicornis. occidentalis. a ieri. Ficus-Indica. brevihamatus. frutescens, caespitosus. fulgida apricornus, egii gonacanthus. Kleinia rusoni leucotrich LeCont microdasys longchanin. r itimus. gricans. multicostatus. polyacantha. ornatus Mirobelli. prolifera. pectinatus. rufescens. pilosus. rutila. Roemeri. serpentina, exensis. Tuna. viridescens. sp. Mexico. sp. Texas. sp. Mexico. Opuntia No. 2. Arizona. o. 3. Arizona, No. 5. California. 6 Pereskia Bleo. sp. Phyllocactus Ackermanni. bus superbu sp. Pilocereus fossulatus. senilis Rhipsalis Caseyitin: CT: ae ae radox salicornicides, uetrum LYTHRACEAE. Lagerstroemia Indica rosea ispa. ee gael (241) Punica sp. MYRTACEAE. Eugenia Ugni. sp. Psidium lucidum. MELASTOMACEAE. Heeria rosea, Pleroma elegans. ? ONAGRACEAE. a ‘‘ Beauty’s Bloom.”’ ‘Chas ciosa. “Storm King. y “Wave of ife.”’ “ White Phenomenal.” ARALIACEAE, Panax Victoriae. ees Cyclamen Buropac Primula Forb LOGANIACEAE. Gelsemium sempervirens APOCYNACEAE. Mandevilla suaveolen Toxicophlaea Se Trachelospermum jasminoides. ASCLEPIADACEAE, Stapelia atrata, grandiflora Stapelia purpurea. utellata CONVOLVULACEAE, Convolvulus Mauritanicus. VERBENACEAE. Verbena? SOLANACEAE. Cestrum Parqui? Solanum Wendlandii. OPHULARIACEAE. ScRo Russelia juncea. Veronica imperialis. GESNERIACEAE. Cyrtodeira metallica. ( 242 ) Saintpaulia ionantha. Streptocarpus Wendlandi. ACANTHACEAE. Fittonia argyroneura. UBIACEAE,. Rondeletia speciosa. COMPOSITAE. pera inodorum um. Bxpatorio, | onan s Kleinia ee sp. Senecio sp. Mexico. Solidago stricta. Stevia serrata. plenis- ( 243 ) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS, FELLOWS AND ANNUAL MEMBERS. (Submitted and Accepted January 9, 1899.) To THE Boarp or MANAGERS oF THE NEw York BoTAN— ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen : At the annual meeting of January 10, 1898, we reported that the total annual membership to date was 544 The number that have since qualified is 115 Making a total of 659 The number of annual members deceased and resigned during the year is 22 The total annual membership to date being 637 Annual dues for 1897 and 1898 have been collected to the amount of $6,180, which has been transmitted to the Treas- urer as received. The number of members in arrears for annual dues for 1898 is 16. The number of members in arrears for annual dues for 1897 and 1808 is 6. Two persons have qualified as Fellows by the payment of $1,000 each, and two as life members by the payment of $100 each. These sums have been transmitted to the Treas- urer for credit to the Endowment Fund. A complete list of annual members to date is herewith sub- mitted. Robert Abbe, M.D., Bernard G. Amend, Edward D. Adams, G. Amsinck, A. G. Agnew, J. M. Andreini, Mrs. Cornelius R. Agnew, John D. Archbold, John T. Agnew, Edmund S$. F. Arnold, M.D., Richard H. Allen, Reginald H. Arnold, Wm. C. Alpers, John W. Auchincloss, George C. Austin, Samuel P. Avery, Samuel P. Avery, Jr., Frederic Baker, Geo. V. N. Baldwin, Robert F. Ballantine, Ewald Balthasar, Amzi Lorenzo Barber, E. W. Barnes, John S. Barnes, Chas. T. Barney, John Hendley Barnhart, William Barr, E. W. Bass, Thos. H. Bauchle, Chas. C. Beaman, Gerard Beekman, M. eers, Staats S. Bell, August Belmont, Geo. H. Bend, James H. Benedict, Mrs. Adolph Bernheimer, Chas. L. Bernheimer, Simon Bernheimer, Simon E. Bernheimer, Edward J. Berwind, Henry Beste, Francesco Bianchi, Eugene P. Bicknell, L. Horatio Biglow, Isaac Bijur, Miss Elizabeth Billings, Geo. Blagden, Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman, Louis H. Blakeman, Mrs. 8. A. Blatchford, Geo. T. Bliss, Lyman G. Bloomingdale, (244) Frank S. Bond, Hon. H. W. Bookstaver, Geo. 8. Bowdoin, John M. Bowers, Michael Brennan, M. P. Breslin, Mrs. Benjamin Brewster, Marvin Briggs, Chas. Astor Bristed, Jno. I. D. Bristol, W. F. Brittain, Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton, Frederic Bronson, Mrs. Kate M. Brookfield, John Crosby Brown, Robert I. Brown, W. L. Brown, H. B. Brundrett, William Bryce, Jr., W. Buchanan, Albert Buchman, James Buckhout, Wm. Allen Butler, John Cabot, M.D., George Calder, Emil Calman, Henry L. Calman, Henry L. Cammann, Mrs. Miles B. Carpenter, James C. Carter, John W. Castree, ohn H. Caswell, Frank R. Chambers, Chester W. Chapin, Geo. E. Chisolm, Mrs. Wm. E. Chisolm, Jared Chittenden, W. F. Chrystie, E. Dwight Church, John K. Cilley, John Claflin, Wm. N. Clark, C. C. Clarke, Banyer Clarkson, Frederick Clarkson, John W. Cochrane, Miss Mary T. Cockcroft, Samuel M. Cohen, N. A. Colburn, F. Collingwood, Miss Ellen Collins, Mrs, Wm. Combe, Alexander T. Compton, E. C. Converse, Robert L. Crawford, John D. Crimmins, Frederic Cromwell, Edwin A. Cruikshank, Chas. Curie, Chas. B. Curtis, Geo. H. Daniels, Tra Davenport, Wm. Gilbert Davies, H. de Coppet, Richard Deeves, (245 ) Robert W. DeForest, Miss Julia L. Delafield, Maturin L. Delafield, Jr., Charles de Rham, Theo. L. De Vinne, W. B. Dickerman, Chas. D. Dickey, Mrs. Hugh T. Dickey, Geo. H. Diehl, Chas. F. Dieterich, Miss Mary A. Dill, Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, Morgan Dix, Cleveland H. Dodge, Miss Grace H. Dodge, Mrs. Win. E. Dodge, Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., C. W. Doherty, L. F. Dommerich, Mrs. Henry Dormitzer, John J. Drake, Miss Katherine Du Bois, Matthew B. Du Bois, Wm. A. Du Bois, John P. Duncan, Edward K. Dunham, George H. Dunham, H. A. Du Pont, John S. Durand, Thomas Dwyer, Dorman B. Eaton, Newbold Edgar, Jarvis B. Edson, Mrs. Jonathan Edwards, August Eimer, David L. Einstein, Mrs. Matilda A. Elder, Geo. W. Ellis, John W. Ellis, Wm. W. Ellsworth, John J. Emery, Louis Ettlinger, E. Eyre, H. C. Fahnestock, Thos. H. Faile, Samuel W. Fairchild, Mrs. Josiah M. Fiske, Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, Wm. L. Flanagan, Miss Helena Flint, A. R. ES sales J. D. Col. ns Floyd-Jones, James B. Ford, Edw. W. Foster, Mrs. A. Frankfield, Joel Francis Freeman, John J. Gibbons, Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs, R. W. Gibson, Peter C. Gillings, Chas. J. Gillis, Frederic N. Goddard, W.N. Goddard, Chas. H. Godfrey, Mrs. Edwin L. Godkin, Frederic Goodridge, Mrs. Frederic Goodridge, Francis Goodwin, James J. Goodwin, Miss Theodora Gordon, Hon. Wm. R. Grace, Malcolm Graham, Henry Graves, Ernest F. Greeff, John Greenough, ( 246 ) Isaac J. Greenwood, Rev. David H. Greer, Chester Griswold, J. B. M. Grosvenor, W. C. Gulliver, Bernard G. Gunther, W.S. Gurnee, W. 5S. Gurnee, Jr., John A. Hadden, j. & M. Haffen, James D. Hague, Frederic R. Halsey, Miss Laura P. Halsted, Chas. T. Harbeck, J. Montgomery Hare, S. W. Harriot, Marcellus Hartley, Jacob Hasslacher, Thos. S. Hastings, Louis Haupt, M.D., G. G. Haven, Edwin Hawley, R. Somers Hayes, J. Waldemar Hayward, Arthur H. Hearn, John G. Heckscher, Homer Heminway, Chas. R. Henderson, Jos. J. Henderson, Edmund Hendricks, Samuel Henshaw, Hon. Abram S. Hewitt, Geo. R. Hill, James K. Hill, Wm. K. Hinman, John H. Hinton, M.D., Abbott Hodgman, Very Rev. E. A. Hoffman, E. B. Holden, E. R. Holden, (247 ) Henry Holt, H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, Isaac A. Hopper, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Kenyon, Burrett W. Horton, Mrs. Catherine L. Kernochan, G. H. Houghton, Geo. A. Kessler, Lucius W. How, M.D., Wm. Kevan, Alfred M. Hoyt, David H. King, Jr., Samuel N. Hoyt, William F. King, Gen. Thos. H. Hubbard, Gustave E. Kissel, John E. Hudson, Herman Knapp, Theodore D. Hurlbut, Percival Knauth, Frank Hustace, Henry C. F. Koch, William Hustace, Chas. Kohlman, Clarence M. Hyde, Julius G. Kugelman, Henry Iden, Jr., Percival Kiihne, John B. Ireland, H. R. Kunhardt, Jr., Mrs. Adrian Iselin, W. B. Kunhardt, Adrian Iselin, Jr., Adolf Kuttroff, heo. F. Jackson, Francis G. Landon, A. Jacobi, Woodbury Langdon, Robert Jaffray, J. D. Lange, A. C. James, Jesse Larrabee, D. Willis James, Mrs. Samuel Lawrence, Robert C. James, M.D., W. V. Lawrence, E. G. Janeway, J. D. Layng, Samuel M. Jarvis, Emanuel Lehman, O. G. Jennings, Arthur L. Lesher, Walter Jennings, Mrs. John V. B. Lewis, James R. Jesup, W. H. Lewis, Jr., Geo. Pryor Johnson, Philip Lewisohn, Adrian H. Joline, Wm. 8. Livingston, Mrs. John D. Jones, Wm. C. Lobenstine, Walter R. T. Jones, James Loeb, S. Nicholson Kane, Walter S. Logan, Mrs. H. F. Kean, Mrs. Daniel D. Lord, Mrs. A. B. Kellogg, Franklin B. Lord, Mrs. Chas. Kellogg, R. P. Lounsbery, Mrs. Eugene Kelly, August Lueder, Thos. H. Kelly, Walther Luttgen, Edward Kemp, David Lydig, J. F. Kemp, Samuel H. Lyman, Mrs. Alida McAlan, C. W. McAlpin, Geo. L. McAlpin, John A. McCall, J. Jennings McComb, Mrs. W. H. McCord, John A. McCreery, M.D., Thos. A. McIntyre, D. E. MacKenzie, Rev. Haslett McKim, George William McLanahan, Malcolm MacMartin, Chas. A. Macy, Jr., Wm. H. Macy, Jr., J. H. Maghee, Chas. Mallory, ee M. Marc, Jacob Mark, T. M. Markoe, Chas. M. Marsh, Chas. H. Marshall, Louis Marshall, Brander Matthews, Robert Maxwell, David Mayer, Harry Mayer, Theo. H. Mead, Mrs. Emma Mehler, Payson Merrill, Henry Metcalfe, J. Meyer, Thos. C. Meyer, S. M. oe A.G. see a "Mitchel, Peter Moller, John Monks, Alphonse Montant, Francis C. Moore, ohn G. Moore, (248 ) Wm. H. Helme Moore, E. D. Morgan, Geo. H. Morgan, A. H. Morris, A. Newbold Morris, Henry Lewis Morris, Geo. Austin Morrison, Ed. M. Muller, Robt. I. Murray, Adam Neidlinger, Wm. Nelson, Geo. G. Nevers, Miss Catherine A. Newbold, Miss Edith Newbold, Frederic R. Newbold, Geo. L. Nichols, A. Lanfear Norrie, Hon. James A. O’Gorman, E. E. Olcott, Robert Olyphant, Mrs. Emerson Opdycke, Adolphe Openhym, Mrs. Wm. Openhym, Lowell M. Palmer, N. F. Palmer, 5S. S. Palmer, Cortlandt Parker, John H. Parker, Mrs. Phebe A. Parshall, Charles Parsons, John E. Parsons, J. M. Patterson, Geo. Foster Peabody, Alfred Pell, Wm. Hall Penfold, Samuel T. Peters, W. R. Peters, Lloyd Phoenix, Phillips Phoenix, Winslow S. Pierce, Gifford Pinchot, Fred. S. Pinkus, Gilbert M. Plympton, Henry W. Poor, De Veaux Powel, Joseph M. Pray, J. Dyneley Prince, Chas. Pryer, James Tolman Pyle, M. Taylor Pyne, Percy R. Pyne, Jas. H. Quintard, Gustav Ramsperger, Geo. Curtis Rand, Rastus S. Ransom, Geo. R. Read, Wm. A. Read, G. H. Redmond, Auguste Richard, P. de P. Ricketts, Sam’l Riker, Andrew J. Robinson, Frederick Rode, J. C. Rodgers, H. H. Rogers, N. C. Rogers, Theo. Rogers, (249) Clinton Roosevelt, W. Emlen Roosevelt, Elihu Root, Jacob Rothschild, Wm. Rothschild. George P. Rowell, Jacob Ruppert, Mrs. A. D. Russell, Chas. Howland Russell, Clarence Sackett, Henry W. Sackett, L. F. Saumenicht, Reginald H. Sayre, Carl Schefer, Robt. Schell, J. Egmont Schermerhorn, Wm. Jay Schieffelin, Jacob H. Schiff, Miss Jane E. Schmelzel, Henry W. Schmidt, Paul G. Schoeder, S. L. Schoonmaker, C. Schumacher, B. W. Schwab, Adolph Schwarzmann, m. F. Sebert, Mrs. Horace See, George W. Seligman, Isaac N. Seligman, T. G. Sellew, F. Seringhaus, Mrs. Angelica B. Shea, W. H. Sheehy, Edward M. Sheppard, G. K. Sheridan, Gardiner Sherman, G. O. Shields, Robert Simon, Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, Edward A. Smith, John Jewell Smith, James R. Smith, Philip A. Smyth, Hans Sommerhoff, Chas. Sooysmith, A. W. Soper, Samuel aaa Paul N. Spoffo Edward a Squibb, M.D. . R. Stanton, Gustav E. Stechert, James R. Steers, Benjamin Stern, Isaac Stern, Louis Stern, Francis L. Stetson, Alexander H. Stevens, Lispenard Stewart, Wm. R. Stewart, Jos. Stickney, Miss Clara F. Stillman, Miss C. Phelps Stokes, James Stokes, Mason A. Stone, Sumner R. Stone, George Storm, Chas. Strauss, 8 Sturges, . K. Sturgis, He Sturgis, Mrs. Geo. Such, John S. Sutphen, Frederick G. Swan, Albert Tag, Edward N. Tailer, Tozo Takayanagi, C. A. Tatum, Miss Alexandrina Taylor, (250 ) Peter B. Taylor, Stevenson Taylor, ett, H. L. Terrell, Ernest Thalmann, Robert M. Thompson, Walter Thompson, Miss Phebe Anna Thorne, W. niet Tilt, E. Titus, Jr., J. Kennedy Tod, William Toel, Townsend, R. W. Townsend, C. D. Tows, Jj. Evarts Tracy, Miss Susan Travers, Mrs. J. B. Trevor, Alfred Tuckerman, Paul Tuckerman, Miss Anna Murray Vail, Herbert Valentine, Mrs. Lawson Valentine, Cornelius Van Brunt, Chas. H. Van Brunt, E. H. Van Ingen, Alfred Van Santvoord, Edgar B. Van Winkle, Miss Elizabeth S. Van Winkle, Geo. H. Vose, John Wagner, Hon. Salem H. Wales, Henry F. Walker, Antony Wallach, Wi, I. Walter, (251) E. A. Walton, G. G. Williams, Wm. T. Wardwell, Richard H. Williams, Allan C. Washington, Washington Wilson, John I. Waterbury, Wn. G. Wilson, Miss Emily A. Watson, John D. Wing, H. Walter Webb, Egerton Winthrop, S. D. Webb, Greenville L. Winthrop, W. H. Webb, Robert Dudley Winthrop, Geo. P. Webster, Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee, Mrs. John A. Weekes, Ernest G. W. Woerz, Camille Weidenfeld, A. Wolff, R. E. Westcott, Emil Wolff, George Westinghouse, Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood, Jno. M. E. Wetmore, M.D., John D. Wood, Geo. G. Wheelock, M.D., John A. Woods, Wm. E. Wheelock, M.D., F. F. Woodward, Horace White, R. S. Woodward, Stanford White, W. H. Wolverton, J. Henry Whitehouse, Henry H. Wotherspoon, Wm. Wicke, Miss Cornelia S. Wray, Edward A. Wickes, C. S. Young, Robert F. Wilkinson, Edw. L. Young, David Willcox, Andrew C. Zabriskie, Jno. T. Willets, O. F. Zollikoffer. (252) REPORT be THE HONORARY CURATOR OF ONOMIC COLLECTIONS. To THE Boarp oF ScrentiFic DirEcTors, New York Botanical GARDEN, Gentlemen: JI have the honor to submit herewith my report as Curator of the Economic Collections for the year of 1898. Immediately after my appointment, the Director-in-Chief indicated his ideas for establishing this Department upon a more distinctly and pila ee educational basis than is customary in institutions of the kind. This was, in brief, instead of confining the exhibits to a mere accumulation of economic products, to represent as far as possible the indus- tries connected with their production and manufacture. In this way, the guide-book to the collections which will ulti- mately be published, may be in the nature of a compend of economic botany. Recognizing that the realization of this plan would be difficult and slow, it was understood that the ordinary accumulation of specimens should proceed at the same time. This arrangement involves the consideration of two more or less distinct divisions of the collections. For convenience and intelligibility, the former will be hereafter referred to as the ‘‘ Industrial Collection,” the latter as the “¢ General Collection.” Four methods of obtaining exhibits were open to us, namely, purchase, collection, exchange and donation. Any extensive accumulation by purchase was precluded by the fact that no adequate fund was available. The same condition restricted acquisitions by collection chiefly to local products. For exchange purposes we had very little material on hand, but experience had taught us that institutions having material to exchange would not be slow to supply it upon our promise to make future returns, provided we should announce a rea- sonably promising plan for doing so. he amount of material to be obtained through donation was largely problematical, though we were informed of ( 253 ) sources from which very considerable acquisitions might be expected. In accordance with these conditions, the following action has been taken along each of the lines specified. Purchases were limited to two classes of cases. First, to agreeing to pay the necessary expenses of obtaining such ex- hibits as might be secured through the unpaid services of friends and correspondents. In this way we have secured from Dr. Charles Mohr, of Mobile, an industrial exhibit of the turpentine industry. We have also entered into an agree- ment with Professor P. H. Mell, of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Alabama, to supply an industrial exhibit illustrating the production and marketing of cotton, and with W. G. Forster, of Aden, to supply exhibits of the Zante currant and date industries. The other class of cases in which the purchase method was adopted was in case of special expeditions to otherwise inac- cessible regions, when we would employ the opportunity of having economic products collected for us. In this way an arrangement was made with Mr. Herbert H. Smith to furnish us products from the Santa Marta region of the U.S. of Colombia, and with a Mr. Fairbanks, to collect certain rare products in the neighborhood of Pernambuco, Brazil. The exchange method was regarded as of necessity our principal reliance for obtaining exhibits of a general charac- ter, and a special plan was devised, based upon the known eagerness of all institutions to secure material of absolutely authenticated origin, the greater portion of that ordinarily coming to hand lacking this element in some way. It was decided to secure all our material for exchange through special collection by persons having had sufficient botanical training, and to accompany each specimen of economic mate- rial with a herbarium specimen taken from the same plant or group of plants, and also by full records of the circumstances of collection. As no provision had yet been made for the continuous employment of a collector, the temporary services of Professor A. A. Tyler, of Syracuse University, were ob- (254) tained during his summer vacation, spent in the vicinity of Easton, Pa. Dr. Tyler was supplied with a complete list of the economic material accessible in this general region, with detailed instructions for the collection and preservation of each species, to the number of nearly three hundred. Dr. Tyler worked during the months of July and August and collected 20 sets of 83 species each. An offer to exchange these speci- mens was then embodied in a printed circular, copy of which accompanies this report, and designated ‘* Circular No. 2.” Exchanges have been arranged as follows: The Instituto Medico Nacional, of Mexico, has promised us a duplicate set of their exhibits in course of preparation for the Paris Exposition. The Technological Museum of Sidney has promised us a collection of Australian products. Negotiations are now under way with the Government of British India for a complete set of the economic products of that country, and promise to result successfully. Many copies of our circular have been mailed to distant institutions, which, owing to the late date when the circular was printed, have not resulted in the arrangement of ex- changes up to the close of the year. In the matter of securing donations, a special course was followed, in addition to the ordinary one of improving such casual opportunies as presented themselves. A list of all the leading vegetable-product industries, to the number of more than a hundred, was prepared, and a schedule made out of all the articles required to suitably illustrate each of them. Copies of these schedules were sent to representative persons or companies engaged in the respective industries. A special printed circular, designated ‘« Circular No. 1,” an copy of which accompanies this report, was prepared, setting forth the principles and methods of our proposed industrial exhibit, and inviting those able and willing to donate the re- quired sets of materials, models, photographs and other arti- cles listed in the respective schedules. The advantages likely to accrue to those making these donations were suitably (255 ) set forth. A copy of this circular was sent with each sched- ule, and each was also accompanied by a special letter. It was scarcely hoped that any great results would accrue im- mediately from this attempt, and so the result has proven; yet it can be stated that the exhibits already received and defi- nitely promised fully repay all the expenses and trouble in- volved in the attempt. Your Curator is moreover convinced that the attempt will eventually result in a complete success. The expense and trouble involved in getting up such elabo- rate industrial exhibits as our circular contemplates is very considerable, and apt to deter many concerns, even though well-disposed toward our undertaking. When, however, a number of such exhibits shall have been placed in position, the plan will, I am convinced, so commend itself to others that they will be more than ready to become represented in it. I will be necessary for this object to be pressed unremittingly, one effort to be followed up by another, until such a measure of success shall have been attained as to become the means of itself advancing the undertaking. The results thus far at- tained in this direction are as follows: Mr. Edward Kemp and his Smyrna agents, Messrs. Alfred A. Keun & Co., have presented a set of specimens, imple- ments and photographs, illustrative of the opium industry in Turkey. The Paddock & Fowler Co., of this city, have presented a set of photographs illustrative of fig-packing in Smyrna. Arrangements have been made for the following additional exhibits : Mr. Edward Kemp and his agent at Grasse, M. A. Chiris, have promised an exhibit of the perfume industry at Grasse. Messrs. Gilpin, Langdon & Co., of Baltimore, have prom- ised an exhibit illustrating the principles of the standardiza- tion of drugs on the basis of their percentage of active con- stituents. Messrs. F. H. Leggett & Co., of this city, have partly promised exhibits illustrative of the olive and nutmeg indus- tries. (256 ) Messrs. Fritzsche Bros., of Garfield, N. J., have promised an exhibit of the volatile oil industry. With regard to the specimens already in our possession, little could be done except to keep them properly stored and labelled in anticipation of the preparation of our museum- building to receive them. Arrangements have been made for the compilation of a complete check-list of useful plants and plant products, to serve as the basis for our plan of accumulation. The articles to be included have been classified according to their nature or uses, and the plants pertaining to each class will be arranged in botanical sequence. The preparation of so elaborate a list will prove a long and tedious task, but it is deemed wise to undertake it at the outset, rather than to waste time upon pro-- visional lists which must after a time be abandoned, necessi- tating the rearrangement and renumbering of our exhibits. In view of the fact that we must rely upon exchange methods for securing by far the larger portion of our ex- hibits, and as this is by far the simplest, most certain and most economical method which can be followed, it is hereby rec- ommended that a permanent collector be employed. Accounts of all expenditures for this department have been rendered to the Director-in-Chief, and copies of all corre-- spondence have been filed. Respectfully submitted, H. H. Russy, flonorary Curator. (257) BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 1. Description of a new Stonecrop from [exico. By N. L. Britton. SEDUM MEXICANUM n. sp. He mene succulent, very brittle, the flowering stems weak, becoming 1 dm. long; leaves linear, sessile, com- pressed, tapering to a blunt tip, scattered on the flowering stems, more crowded on the sterile shoots, 8-20 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide; inflorescence of 3 usually 2-forked re- curving branches, 4~8 cm. long; flowers close together, sessile: bracts longer than the similar sepals; petals golden yellow, oblong , acute at the apex, — tapering into a short claw, widely spreading, 5-6 mm. lon g, 1.5 mm. wide, a little longer than the two outer sepals, twice as long as the style subulate, 1 mm. Grown from seeds sollegea by Mrs. Britton on a trap dyke near the City of Mexico, November, 1896. Flowered in cool house May, 1898. Very showy in bloom. (Type specimen in Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.) Cespitose Willows of Arctic America and the Rocky Mountains. By P. A. RYDBERG. The five summers spent by mein the Rocky Mountain re- gion have shown me how little was really known about the willows of that part of the country, and a collection of wil- lows from British America, which Mr. James Macoun sent me in 1897, persuaded me that we know still less about the arctic and subarctic species of North America. The reason is probably to be found at least partly in the fact that we have relied on a single man's knowledge of the genus Sa/v, and sent all our material to him for determination without trying individually to investigate it. The late Mr. Bebb, of Foun- taindale, Ill., was, I doubt not, well acquainted with the wil- (258 ) lows of the eastern United States, and especially with those species grown by him in his garden. Judging, however, from the way he has determined the willows of British America and the Rockies, in our herbaria, I do not think that I do him an injustice, if I say that he had not the very best con- ception of these species.* His conception of .S. axglorum (S. Brown Lundts., S. arctica R. Br., not Pall.) was, for example, so broad that nearly any cespitose willows with cat- kins borne on short leafy branches, brown or fuscous obovate bracts and tomentose capsules with an evident style were in- cluded under that species. Specimens of nine or ten of the forms treated as species below, have been named SS. arctica . Brownit, S. arctica var. petraca or S. Browni var. petraca by Mr. Bebb. But this is not the only species. S. desertorum and 5S. reticulata, as understood by him, con- sist, in my opinion, of at least three species each. I can easily understand the reason for Mr. Bebb’s position in this respect. He was not acquainted with these species in their natural habitat, and belonged to the older class of botanists who did not admit as specific those characters, which must be taken in consideration in a genus such as Sew. If char- acters generally accepted as good by European salicologists should be applied to American species, I think that the num- ber of our native species of willows would be doubled. I have here endeavored to apply them to the cespitose willows of Arctic America and the Rockies. The reasons for my publishing onthe genus Sa//xv are the following: 1. I have a knowledge of several of them from field study and had to work up some for an annotated catalogue of the flora of Mon- tana, now inpress. 2. I have at least a superficial knowledge of many from British America from the collections sent me by Professor Macoun. 3. I think that it will aid Professor Rowlee of Cornell University in his monographing of the wil- lows, if he has the opinions of others on certain species. * Professor John Macoun and his son and assistant, ie M. Macoun, have both expressed their dissatisfaction with the naming of the species in the Herbarium of the Geological Survey of Canada. (259) The work 1s based on specimens in the following herbaria: Columbia University, New York Botanical Garden, Geolog- ical Survey of Canada, Harvard University, Messrs. Wil- liam M. Canby, Frank Tweedy, and my own. To draw a line between the cespitose and fruticose willows is, of course, impossible. I have tried to confine myself to those that are usually less than half a meter high. There are several species from the Cascades and Sierra Nevada that might have been included here, but as my knowledge of these is so limited, I have omitted them. The arctic or alpine willows may be grouped as follows: Capsule more or less one tomentose or villous. tyle almost n RETICULATAE. Style evident. ARCTICAE. Capsule glabrous or nearly so. Leaf margin entire. Leaves 1-2 cm. long; catkins many-flowered; style generally evi- VALIFOLIAE. t, but short. Leaves less than 5 mm. long; catkins few- (in ours 2-4-) flowered ; style almost none. RETUSAE. Leaves serrate or dentate. HERBACEAE. RETICULATAE. Densely cespitose arctic or alpine willows with mostly prostrate branches and less than 1 dm. high (except S. vestita) ; leaves rather thick and more or less reticulate (ex- cept S. glaczal’s) ; ovary more or less tomentose, with a ses- sile twice 2-cleft stigma. Leaves covered beneath with long white silky hairs. 1. S. vestita. Leaves at least in age not silky beneath Leaf-blade over 1 cm. long. Lower portion of filaments very hairy; leaves ree reticulate. cts prone obovate, fuscous, almost a abro at least the s upper portion. : es Bracts von lea densely hairy. . S. reticulata, Filaments almost glabrous; leaves less strongly reticulate; bracts cuneate-oblong, a. almost glabrous. 4. S. saxtmontana. Leaf-blade I cm. long or less. es few-flowered, less than 1 cm. long; leaves strongly reticu- ; bracts yellow, almost Jagan 5. S. utvalis. Pee many-flowered, 1-3 cm. long; leaves thin, not reticulate; bracts fuscous, hairy. 6. S. glacialis. ( 260 ) 1. Sauix vestTirA Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 610. This species differs from the others not only by the pres- ence of the long silky hairs on the lower surface of the leaves, but also by the fact that it often forms a shrub several decimeters high. Its range extends from Labrador to the Rocky Mountains. Lasprapor: Butler; 1892, A. C. Waghorne, nos. 2 and 3, 1893. Lower Canapa: Table Top Mountain, 1881, /. A. Allen. Canapian Rocky Mountains: Drummond; Herb. Hooker, Barratt & Torrey, nos. 83 & 84. Montana: Old Marias Pass, Sargent & Canby; 1883, Canby, no. 292; McDonald’s Peak, zo. 291. 2, SALIX ORBICULARIS Anders. DC. Prod. 167: 300. Most specimens labeled Salix reticulata from sub-arctic and arctic America belong to this species. The typical form has nearly orbicular leaves, somewhat cordate at the base. This form is well represented by specimens collected by J. M. Macoun on St. Paul Island in 1897 (Herb. Geol. Surv. Canada, no. 18875). The form of the leaves is, how- ever, very variable. Elongated elliptic leaves, resembling those of SS. reticulata, are notat alluncommon. Thetwocan- not be distinguished by the leaves. In S. ordzcularis, the bracts are broadly obovate, fuscous, z. e., dark brown or dark purplish, glabrous on the lower surface, except the margin and the base, and the capsule is larger than in S. reticulata, and comparatively little pubescent with short fine hairs, while in S. re¢écudata it is densely woolly. Its range extends from Labrador to British Columbia and Alaska. I have seen numerous specimens. 3. SALIX RETICULATA L. Sp. Pl. 1018. Of the typical European form with elongated catkins and oblong yellow bracts, which are densely woolly, especially at the base, I have seen no good specimens from North America. The only specimens that I have seen and which may be referred to S. ret7culata are the following : One ( 261 ) from Labrador, collected by Rev. A. C. Waghorne, no. 2, 1893; one from Silver City in the Rocky Mountains, col- lected by A/ucoun, 1885 (Herb. Geol. Surv. Can., no. 18849), and one from the Rockies in the Herb. Hooker, Barrett and Torrey, no. 86. The first is most like the European form, differing only in the less pubescent bracts. The second has smaller leaves, short catkins and truncate bracts. It forms a connecting link with S. savémontana and S. nivalis. 4. SALIX SAXIMONTANA. Salix reticulata Bebb, in Coulter, Man. R. M. 339. Not L. Densely cespitose and intricately branched; whole plant seldom more than 5 cm. above ground; bark of the older stems brown, of the young branches light yellow, glabrous and ini bud-scales brown or yellow, perfectly glabrous; leaves light green above, glaucous beneath, on both surfaces perfectly” glabrous and shining, rather strongly veined and somewhat reticulate beneath, but less so than in the two pre- ceding ; petiole about 1 cm. long ; leaf-blade 1-2 cm. long, ob- long or elliptic-oblong, commonly acutish at both ends; catkin 1-2 cm. long, somewhat loosely many-flowered; bracts ob- long, cuneate, truncate, light yellow, almost perfectly gla- brous ; ovary conical, sessile, densely and finely white-tomen- tose, with a nearly sessile stigma; filaments glabrous or with a few long hairs on the lower portion. This species includes all specimens that have been named S. reticulata from the Rocky Mountains within the United States. It differs from the European S. re¢‘eu/ata in the narrower, more acute, lighter green and less reticulate leaves, the glabrous bracts and almost glabrous filaments. In Mon- tana it seems to grade into S. wzvalis. The following speci- mens belong here: Cororapo: Gray’s Peak, 1895, Aydbere (type); 1861, C.C. Parry, no. 343; 1885, Patterson, no. 135; 1891, Dr. &. Penard, no. 436; Argentine Pass, 1878, 41/7. £. Jones; 1868, Vasey; 1862, Hall & Harbour, no. 521; Pike’s Peak, 1871, Candy. Uran: Bear River Cafion, 1869, Walson, no. rro2. Nevapa: East Humboldt Mountain, Fetsun, no. rro2. YELLOWSTONE Park: 1884, Tweedy, 33. ( 262 ) Montana: Belt Mountains, 1883, Scrzbner, no. 260. ALBERTA: Sheep Mountain, 1895, Macoun (Herb. Geol. Surv. Can., 20. 73663). This specimen has unusually broad and obtuse leaves, therefore, approaches both S. reticulata and S. nivalis. 5. SALIX NIVALIS Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 152; Salix re- ticulata nivalis Anders. in DC. Prod. 16: 301. It is nearest related to S. saw7montana, and perhaps rep- resents only the most depauperate form thereof. It differs in the small leaves less than 1 cm. long, which are much more reticulate than in S. sax¢montana. Itis much less related to S. reticulata. It differs in the small leaves, the 3—12-flow- ered short catkins and very short peduncles, the shorter and broader and almost glabrous bracts, the glabrous filaments, and shorter capsules. S. nivalis is confined to the Rocky Mountains of British America and Montana at an altitude of 2500 to 3500 m. Montana: Old Hollowtop, Pony Mts., July 7 and 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, no. 3926. YELLOWSTONE Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, Ayd- berg d& Bessey, no. 3925. IpaHo: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Rydberg d- Bessey, 20. 3924. Canapian Rockies: Old Man’s River, 1883, Dawson (Herb. Geol. Surv. Can., zo. 18813); Avalanche Mountain, 1890, Macoun (no. 18842),* Sulphur Mountain, 1891 (no. 18841, 18840"); Mt. Aylmer (xo. 28840"); Moose Mountain, 1897; Silver City, 1885. 6. SALix GLActaAtis Anderson, Oefvers. Vet. Akad. Foer- handl. 15, 131 and Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 274. The only specimens I have seen that agree with the description of S. glacial’s were collected at Port Barrow by Murdock, zo. 29. They are characterized by the smooth and shining light brown bark, the brown glabrous bud scales, the small, oval leaves, which are rather thin, not reticulate and e numbers cited in parenthesis are those of the herbarium of the Geo- logical and Natural History Survey of Canada. ( 263 ) slightly silkly beneath when young. If it were not for the sessile stigmas, it would be grouped among the Arcticae, next to S. Grocnlandica, which it most resembles. The cat- kin is about 1 cm. long, many-flowered; the bracts fuscous, broadly obovate, somewhat villous, the capsule rather densely white-villous. ARCTICAE, Cespitose willows, generally only a few decimeters high, with entire-margined leaves, catkins at the ends of short leafy branches, appearing with the leaves, more or less densely white-tomentose or villous capsules and an evident style. Leaves pander or when young covered with long white hairs parallel to e midrib, in age generally glabrate. Pare fuscous, obovate, truncate or obtuse. Leaves very thin, nearly orbicular; catkins few-flowered. S. Leaves not very ee obovate to oblanceolate ; eee many-flow- e in enera. oO oO wv a oO Leaves and young twigs generally darkening in drying. eaf-blade rounded obovate, 10-30 mm. long; catkins 15-30 mm. long. 8. S. diplodictya. Leaf-blade obovate (seldom obcordate), 25-50 mm. long; catkins 25~80 mm. long. Leaf-blade broad, obovate or obcordate, strongly reticu- ate, obtuse. 9. S. arctica. Leaf- one narrower, obovate or rarely obovate-lanceo- late, not strongly reticulate, often acutis 10. S, aastieaie Leaf-blade obovate, 10-20 mm. long; catkins 10-20 mm long. 11. S. Groenlandica. Leaves and yellow or light brown young twigs not darkening in drying. Leaves strongly reticulate, subcoriaceous, their remnants more or less persisten alaeoneura. cake not persistent, not s | Dies (moderately ongly veined only in S. callicarpaea). pie creeping Rocky Mountain species. eaves obovate; catkins ake 3. S. petrophila. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate; catkine few-flow- ere Iq. S. fenera. Eastern species with erect or spreading branches. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, acute. 15. S. Macounizt. Leaves broadly obovate, obtuse. 16. S. callicarpaea. ( 264 ) Bracts fuscous, pee generally obtuse. 17. S. glaucops. Bracts yellow on Capsule nical 7-8 mm. long, grayish pubescent. 18. S. glauca. Capsule ovate-conical, 5 mm. long, densely white- aie Leaves broadly obovate, obtuse, not turning black in drying. aghorne:. Leaves broadly oblanceolate, acute, turning black in drying. 20 atra. roe narrowly oblanceolate, acute, slightly darkening in dry- ng. desertorum. Leaves sae iy pubescent, narrowly oblanceolate or lanceolate. g twigs densely clothed with long white vi saa hairs. . S. niphoclada. Young twigs finely villous-tomentose. 23. S. stricta Leaves broadly ovate, with white, villous, almost permanent hairs, ere ng in all directions. 24. S. Labradorica. y. SALIX POLARIS Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 261. This species is characterized by its slender but short branches, and by its thin, almost orbicular leaves, which are almost sessile, bright green and shining above. The capsules are moderately tomentose and the leaves very rarely indis- tinctly toothed. These latter characters separate it from S. herbacea, which it otherwise most resembles in general habit and the form and texture of the leaves. The habit is quite unlike that of the other species of the Arcticae group, but the structure of the pistil is the same. S. polaris is a European species. A single specimen, col- lected by james M. Macoun, in 1891, at Cape Vancouver, I cannot distinguish from the European form; its occur- rence there is exceedingly interesting. 8. SALIx pipLopicTyA Traut. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 2: 307. S. Pallastt diplodictya Anders. in DC. Prod. 167: 285. This is nearly related to S. arctica, and is generally re- garded as a variety of that species; but it differs in the shorter catkins and in the smaller and more rounded leaves, which are rather crowded and short petioled. The stem is less creeping than in .S. arctica and the branches shorter. The capsule is also generally shorter and less woolly. ( 265 ) S. diplodictya is a native of eastern Siberia and Alaska, occurring especially on the islands. The following speci- mens have been seen: Auaska: Disenchantment Bay, 1892, Munston, 10. 117, in part; St. Paul Island, 1892, /. AZ. Macoun, nos. 135 and 207; 1897 (16642 and 16643); 1879, Dr. Robert White; 1871-2, Elliott; St. George, 1892 (wo. 78880) ; Hall Island, 1891 (no. 18879"); Copper Island, ZL. Stecneger, no. 244. g. Sauix arctica Pallas, Fl. Ross. 2: 86; Salix Pallasza Anders. in DC. Prod. 16’: 285. This has been much confused with .S. anglorum Cham. (.S. arctica R. Br.). It has the long and thick catkins of that species; but the habit is somewhat different, more bushy, sometimes a couple of meters high; the leaves are much broader, thicker, and more strongly veined, and the cap- sules are more hairy. S. arctica is a native of Eastern Siberia and Arctic Amer- ica. Itis most common in Alaska, but has been collected as far east as Labrador. The following specimens belong here: EASTERN SIBERIA: Plover Bay, 1865-6, W. HY. Dali; Berings Island, 1891, J. Af. Macoun (no. 18884). Avaska: Disenchantment Bay, 1891, Funston, no. 177, in part; Silver Bow Basin, Grace &. Cooley; Unalaska, Cha- misso; 1871-2, M. W. Harrintgon; Langsdorf; 1891, /. MM, Macoun, no. 136; (nos. 18886; 18883*) ; St. Paul Island, 1879, Robert White; 1897, J. MZ. Macoun (16640, 16640a and 1888g', also 18882 and 18883*); Hall Island, 1891, ,/. M. Macoun (18879; 18887’ and 18887); Attu Island (no. 18883) ; Kyska, 1873, W. H. Dall; Chilcat, 1883, Meehan. Lazsrapor: Hudson Strait, Nottingham Island, 1884, 7. Bell (18825*). SALIX ARCTICA OBCORDATA Anders. in DC. Prod. 16°: 285. Differs from the species in the larger leaves, which are obcordate at the apex. Specimens examined: Aaska: St. Paul, /. df. Afacoun (16647) ; Atkla Island, 1881, L. A. Turner; Unalaska, 1871, AZ. W. Harringion. ( 266 ) 10. SALIX ANGLORUM Cham. Linnaea, 6: 541. 1831. Salix arctica R. Br. Ross. Voy. Ed. 2, 2: 194. Not Pall. Salix Brown (Anders.) Lundst. Nov. Act. Soc. Sc. Up- sal. 16: 6: Salix arctica Brownii Anders.; DC. Prod. 167: 286. 1868. There is scarcely a species that has been so misunderstood as this. Even Mr. Bebb, who cleared up somewhat the dis- crepancy between S. arctica Pallas and S. arctica R. Br., had a very vague idea about the latter, for he included under the name S. Brownzd a number of quite distinct forms. The more or less fruticose species named SS. arctica or 5S. Brown from the Rocky Mountains, Canada, Newfound- land and Labrador do not belong here. S. anglorum is an arctic species and takes the place of S. arctica in the East. It is characterized by the rather long and prostrate branches, only the flowering branchlets being erect; the thin obovate or lance-obovate leaves; the exceedingly large catkins, which are rather loosely flowered below, and the large conic capsule, which is only moderately hairy. Anderson cites S. axglorum Cham. as a synonym of 3S. phlebophyla. As Chamisso does not describe any species and does not cite any specimens, but only gives the name and S. arctica R. Br. as a synonym, S. anglorum must be regarded as equivalent to that species. The name S. ang/o- rum must be therefore used, as it antedates S. Brownzz by thirty-seven years. ANTICosTI: 1883, Macoun, no. 18818. Lasprapor and Hupson Bay: Whale River, 1896, Spreadborough (13636 a and 6); Ford’s Harbor, 1884, A. Bell (18833); Hamilton River, 1894, A. P. Low, 6050; Ungava River, 1886, Spreadborough (136376); Cape Prince of Wales, 1884, A. Bell (18831); Nottingham Is- land (78828"*); Upper Savage Island, 1821, Parry; Lake Petitsikipan, 1894, A. P. Low, 6049; Lake Athabaska and Chesterfield Inlet, 1893, J. W. Tyrell (18834), James Bay, 1887, J. JZ. Aacoun (18827). Barrin Bay Recion and GREENLAND: Whale Sound, (267 ) Dr. H. FE. Wetherill, 226; Inglefield Gulf, 20. 220; Cumberland Gulf, 1877-8, L. Krumlien. NortuweEst TERRITORY: Franklin Expedition, Dr. /esch- ardson (Type) ; Mackenzie River, Herb. Hooker, Barratt & Torrey, no. 93; also 1886, R. Bell. AxuasKa: Juneau, 1891, Grace Cooley. ARAKAMTCHETCHENE IsLanp: 1853-6, C. Wright. TI. SALtx GROENLANDICA (Anders.) Lundst. Nov. Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal. 16: 36; Salix arctica Groenlandica An- ders. in DC. Prod. 167: 287. This is nearest related to S. glauca, although Anderson placed it as a variety of SS. arctica. From the former it dif- fers by the obovate fuscous bracts, the shorter capsule and the more permanent hairs on the leaves. With S. arctica and S. anglorum it agrees only in the form of the bracts. The branches are seldom prostrate as in those species, the leaves are small and short-petioled and the catkins are short and dense. It is a native of GREENLAND and the islands of Bar- FIN Bay. The following specimens have been seen: White Whale Sound, 1891, W. A. Burke; Kingigtordta- golit, 1887, Ryder (G. S. C., 28874) ; Ingelfield Gulf, 1894, HT, E. Wetherill, 219; Robertson Bay, 1894, uo. 277; Southwest Carey Island, zo. 216; Disco Island, zo. ars; Godthalb, zo. 207; 1871, Th. Fries; Fiskenaes, 1889, 4. Hlartz; West Greenland, 1884, 4. Warming; Godham, Begeus; Polaris Bay, Dr. Bessel; Greenland, Holboell; Grinnell Land, A. W. Greelcy; Gale Point, 1861, Durand; Disco, 1891, 1’. H. Burke, no. 38. LaBRADOR: Ford’s Harbor, 1884, A. Bell (78828). I2, SALIX PALAEONEURA. Low, cespitose, generally less than 1 dm. high; branches brown and shining, covered by the framework of old leaves; buds dark brown, glossy, perfectly glabrous; leaves obovate or elliptic oblong, less than 1 cm. Jong, subcoriaceous and somewhat brownish, strongly reticulate, almost sessile or short ape ei glabrous and shining; catkins about 1 d 6mm. in diameter, almost sessile and densely ( 268 ) flowered; bracts obovate, truncate, fuscous, hairy with long Nha silky hairs; filaments long and slender, 2-3 times as ong as the bracts ; capsule more or less densly white to- ees oblong-ellipsoid, tipped with an evident style, which is about .5 mm. long; stigmas 2, 2-cleft This is characterized by its short shining branches, almost sessile leaves and catkins, and the small crowded shining leaves, which are very strongly veined. The leaves remain for several seasons on the stems, their soft parts having de- cayed, leaving the netted skeleton of veins remaining. The leaves remind us on the one hand of those of S. glaccalis and S. phlebophylla and the other of those of S. retusa and 5S. Dodgeana. The structure of the catkin is that of a typical rep- resentative of the Arcticae group. The capsule is hairy, with a distinct style and the bracts are covered by the characteristic long white hairs. The only specimens I have seen were collected at Point Barrow by Jlurdock, no. 6., preserved in the Gray Herbarium. 13. SALIX PETROPHILA. Salix arctica petraea Anders. in DC. Prod. 16: 287. Not S. petraea Anders. This should, I think, be regarded as a distinct species, differing from S. angloruwm in the following respects: The leaves are narrower and greener; the branches are more slender and do not turn blackish in drying; the catkins are much smaller and narrower, and the capsule is shorter, rather ovoid and more densely villous. It is, however, much nearer to .S. anglorum, than the species of the Rockies that have been regarded as that species. It grows at an altitude of 2500 m. or more. CoLorapo: 18472, C. C. Parry; 1878, AL. E. Fones, no, 722; Hall & Harbour, nos. 520 and 187; Gray’s Peak, 1885, HI. N. Patterson, no. 136; 1871, Geo. Smith; 1868, Vasey, NO. 534. Urau: 1879, M. E. Fones, no. 1241. Wyomine: Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, Tweedy, no. 201. YELLOWSTONE Park: Upper Falls, 1871, Robert Adams ; Stinking Water, 1885, Tweedy, no. 485. ( 269 ) Montana: Mill Creek, 1887, Tweedy, no. 271; Boulder Creek, no. 272; Old Hollowtop, near Pony, July 7, 1897, frydberg & Bessey; Rocky Mountains, 1861, Lyall; Upper Marias Pass, 1883, Canby, nos. 289, 290 and 291; McDon- ald’s Peak, no. 288. OreEcon: Powder River, 1886, Cusick, no. 1361. CALIFORNIA: Sierra Nevada, 1877, Lemmon; Mt. Dana, 1864, Brewer, no. 1734; Mt. Brewer, 1866, Bolander, no. 2804; Lemmon, 208; Mt. Stanford, zo. 105; Summit Valley, 1882, Pringle. British CoLumMBIA: Roger’s Pass, 1890, F. Macoun (78824); Kicking Horse Lake (788173); Asoulican Glacier (78832); Selkirk Range, 1885 (78876); Kootanie Pass, 1883, Dawson (18875). ALBERTA: Sulphur Mountain, Banff, 1891, Macoun (78812) ; Mt. Aylmer, 1891, Aacoun (18811) ; 1895 (13688) ; 1858, £. Bourgeau. NorTHWEsT TERRITORY: Mackenzie River, 1886, /. Bell (18820*). 14. SALIX TENERA Anders. in DC. Prod. 167: 288. This is nearly related to the preceding, differing in the narrow oblanceolate leaves and the few-flowered catkins. The capsule is also much shorter. It grows at an altitude of 3000 m. or more Ween. Lyall (Type). CaLirorNiA: Tulare Co., J. W. Congdon. Urau: Bear River, 1869, Watson, no. rror. MonTANA: (?) Boulder Creek, 1887, Tweedy, no. 273; Electric Peak, August 18, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, no. 3922. (The last specimens are exactly like the type.). I5. SALix Macounir. A small shrub with numerous ascending, light brown branches, which are glabrous, or very soon glabrate; leaves small, about 2 cm. long, dark and shining above, paler be- neath, obovate or broadly oblanceolate, acute; catkins 2- “3 m. long, rather looser than in S. afra; capsule 7-8 m long, rather loosely villous, ovoid, with an evident gle: (270 ) In the size and form of the leaves, this resembles .S. atra. The leaves are, however, less inclined to turn back, and re- semble much those of Vacecnzum uliginosum. The catkin is looser than in .S. a¢va and the capsule much larger and less villous. The following specimens belong here: Anticosti: Ellis Bay, 1883, AZacoun (18830, type). Hupson Bay: Diggs Island, 1884 (z28820* and 18825); Mansfield Island, (78879? and 28820"). Lasrapvor: Ford’s Harbor, 1884, A. Bell (78819') ; Cape Chudley (78879*). 16. SALIX CALLICARPAEA Trautv. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 259. It differs from the preceding by its broadly obovate obtuse bright green leaves. As it is a much lower plant with more depressed stems, it might have been placed nearest to S. pef- rophila which it resembles in the color and texture of the leaves. From that species it is easily distinguished by the small broad leaves and the short petioles. QuesBec: Mt. Gaspé, 1882, AZacoun (18826). Laprapor: Nachhak, 1884, A. Bell (18879°). 17. SALIX GLAucops Anders. in DC. Prod. 167: 281. 1868. Salix glauca villosa Anders. Sal. Bor. Am. 22; S. villosa Don. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 144. 1840. Not Scheich. 1815. This represents S. g/auca in the Rocky Mountains. It differs in the shorter capsule, the darker, fuscous and acutish bracts and the denser pubescence of the leaves. In age, the leaves, however, often become glabrous (var. glabrescens Anders.) ; this is especially the case at high altitudes, and as it then is very low it has been mistaken for S. anglorum OS. Brownri Lundst.), which is an arctic species. At lower altitudes it becomes a taller shrub, often 1 m. high, and would then scarcely be classified among the cespitose wil- lows. Specimens with mature leaves much resemble |S. chlo- rophylla; it scarcely differs indeed from that species except by the fact that in .S. e/aucops the catkins are at the end of (271) short leafy branches, while in S. chlorophylla they are naked from lateral buds. 4S. g/aucops grows on mountain sides at an altitude of 2-3000 m., while S. chorophylla grows in cold bogs. Montana: Gallatin Co., 1886, Tweedy, no. 1784; East Boulder Plateau, 1887, wos. 270a and 274; Yogo Baldy, Little Belt Mts., 1896, Flodman, no. 367; McDonald’s Peak, 1883, Canby, no. 284. YELLOWSTONE Park: Yellowstone Falls, Aug. 27, 1871, Robert Adams in the Hayden Survey (pistillate flowers only ; the staminate flowers belong to another species); 1884, Tweedy, no. 34. IpaHo: Mt. Chauvet, July 29, 1897, Aydberg and Bessey, NO. 39I4. Wyominc: Sheep Mountain, 1897, Tweedy, no. 297; Black Rock Creek, no. 295. 18. SALrx GLauca L. Sp. Pl. rorg. Salix glauca is apparently rare in America, and probably confined to the extreme northeast portion. It is characterized by its rather lax catkins, its oblong yellow bracts and very long conical capsule. The following specimens belong to it: GREENLAND: Disco, 1894, Dr. H. &. Wetherill, nos. 205 and 206; Kvanefjord, Hosenuinge (var. alpina, with very small leaves). Laprapor: Martin, wos. 2 and 4. Avaska: Nurkagak, 1881, McKay. 1g. SALIx WaGuornel. Salix cordifolia Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 152. 1840. Not Pursh, 1814. S. alpestr/s Americana Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 23. 1858. ot Salix lanata Americana Anders. 1. c. 13. This species is most nearly related to S\ glauca and SS. Labradorica. From the former it differs in the broader leaves, which are mostly obtuse at both ends, the shorter, ovate-conical, and more densely villous capsule. Inthe form of the leaves and the structure of the catkins it more resem- bles SS. Labradorica, but lacks the peculiar pubescence of (272) that species. The leaves are somewhat hairy when young, but the long white hairs are, as in S. glauca, appressed and parallel to the midrib. The pubescence of the young shoots is more scant and earlier deciduous. The following speci- mens belong here: Lasrapor: Type in Herb. Torrey (‘* #7. Am. Bor.”) ; 1860, Dr. Bryant; 1895, A. P. Low (G. S.C., 73687) 5 Red Bay, 1894, A. C. Waghorne; 1892, Belle Harbor, uo. 06; Cartrage Bay (28838); Seal Harbor, (78836, 75). 20. SALIX ATRA. A low shrub, with ascending dark brown branches which are more or less villous when young; leaves small, 1.5-2. cm. long, broadly oblanceolate, acute at both ends, when oung covered with long white hairs, which are appressed and parallel to the midrib, dark above, pale beneath, turning blackish in drying; catkins 1.5-3 cm. long, rather dense ; bracts oblong, yellowish, more or less villous; capsule 3-5 mm. long, ovoid, densely white-woolly, style manifest. It differs from S. e/auca in the smaller leaves, which turn black, the denser catkin, and the shorter and more woolly capsule. The following specimens belong here: Laprapor: Ford’s Harbor, 1884, A. Bell (18823); Nain (78820). Hupson Bay: Upper Savage Island, 1884, A. Bell (78823). 21. SALIX DESERTORUM Richardson, in Frankl. Journ. App. 371. The plant collected and described by Richardson is quite unlike the plant that generally goes under the name of S. desertorum, "The original is not at all silvery-pubescent. It is hairy only when young, and the leaves turn dark in dry- ing. Its nearest relative is S. a¢va, from which it differs mainly in the narrower leaves. Nortuwest Terrirory: Fort Franklin on the Macken- zie, Richardson; Rocky Mountains, Drummond, no. 658. 22. SALIX NIPHOCLAD.\. Stem slender, terete, grayish, more or less villous hairy ; (273) young branches densely covered with long snowy-white vil- lous oe buds also densely covered with white hairs; stip- ules small, about 2 mm. long, ovate; leaves nearly sessile, broadly lanceolate, 15-25 mm. long, acute, more or less pubescent above, tomentose beneath, more or less darkening in drying ; catkins borne at the ends of short leafy branches, 2-3 cm. long ; bracts ogi oblong, light colored ; capsule conic, about 5 mm. long, tomentose, "tipped with a style 5 mm. long. It is apparently nearest related to S. s¢récfa, from which it differs in the longer and rather denser hairs of the young twigs, the less pubescent and darker leaves, the longer cat- kins, and the smaller, less densely tomentose capsule. The type was collected on the Mackenzie River, J/ss #. Taylor, 20. 60, 30 miles north of the Arctic Circle, in 1892, and is preserved in the Geological Survey of Canada (vo. 18839). 23. SALIX sTRICT\A (Anderson); Salix desertorum stricta Anders. in DC. Prod. 167: 281; S. desertorun Bebb, in Coulter, Man. R. M. 338. It is evident that Mr. Bebb did not exactly know the true S. desertorum, as he states that Drummond, no. 657, repre- sents the typical form. Drunmond, xo. 658, mounted on the same sheet in the Torrey Herbarium, is quite different and matches Richardson’s specimens exactly. The leaves are only slightly hairy, and in the dry specimens dark. They are not at all yellowish silky as is the shrub found in the Rocky Mountain Region of United States. The catkins are longer than in our plant, and the bark is dark. In S. stricta the bark is often yellowish or grayish. Montana: Cutbank Creek, 1883, Candy, nos. 294 and 286; Red Mountain, 1888, 7iveedy, no. 38. YELLOWSTONE Park: Lower Geyser Basin, August 4, 1897, rydberg & Bessey, no. 3913. ALBERTA: Rocky Mountains, Drummond, no. 657. Lower Canapa: Mt. Albert, 1881, J. of. vllen. Wromine; Centennial Valley, 1895, Aven Nelson; Gros Ventre Creek, 1897, Tweedy, no. 298 CoLorapo: 1873, fJohn Wolfe, no. 819; Twin Lakes, 1872, 7. C. Porter. (274) 24. SALIX LABRADORICA. A low shrub, perhaps not ad aay included emis the cespitose species; older bark dark brown and shining; the young shoots more or less densely villous; leaves broadly and glossy above, more or less glaucous beneath, on both sur- faces invested with white villous hairs, which are spreading in all directions; catkins densely many-flowered; bracts ob- long, brown, villous; capsule 6-8 mm. long, puoid-canic, densely white-villous; style rather short; stigmas two slightly two-cleft. It is nearest related to S. g7auca, from which it differs in the broader leaves and their pubescence, the stouter branches and the shorter capsules. Laprapor: Turner’s Head, 1892, Rev. A.C. Waghorne, nos. 36 and 63; Battle Harbour, 1892, 20. 27; Seal Harbor, 1892 (G. S. C. 28829); Battle River (78838, 76); Nacwak, fe. Bell, 1884 (18821). OVALIFOLIAE. Low and densely cespitose willows, generally depressed and rooting, with entire-margined leaves 1-2 cm. long and many- flowered catkins; capsule glabrous or merely puberulent ; style generally present, but often short. Leaves strongly reticulate; style about .5 mm. long Leaves orbicular, often subcordate at the base a retuse at the a 25. 8. ane. Leaves oval. 26. S. ovalifolia. Leaves not strongly reticulate, rather thin. Leaves oval, glabrate Petioles less than 5 mm. long; style about 1 mm. 27. S. phlebophylla. Petioles 5-20 mm. long; style about 1.5 mm. 28. S. Unalaschens?s. Leaves ei pubescent. 29. S. Wolf. 25. SALIX CYCLOPHYLLA. A depressed shrub with rather slender branches, which are slightly villous when young ; petioles 5 mm. or lesslong; leat- blade almost orbicular, often subcordate at the base and emarginate at the apex, dark green and shining when old, somewhat villous when young, strongly reticulate and pale beneath; catkins short, but dense, 1-1.5 cm. long, I cm. in (275) diameter ; bracts obovate, obtuse, fuscous, villous-ciliate ; cap- sule acuminate-conic, glabrous; style about .5 mm. long. It is nearest related to S. ovalfolia, from which it differs mainly in the broad leaves. Specimens: ALaAskA: St. Paul’s Island, 1897, /. AL. Macoun (16645, Type); 1896 (78887); 1891 (78877); Cape Vancouver (78878); Hall’s Island (78876). 26. SALIX OVALIFOLIA Trautv. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 2: 306. It is characterized by its oval reticulate leaves, glabrous capsules, and short style. The following specimens have been examined : AxLasKA: St. Paul Island, 1897, J. AL. Alacoun (16644) ; 1874, rs. JWJacintyre; Point Barrow, Prof. Alurdock. 24. SALIX PHLEBOPHYLL.A Anders. Oefv. Vet. Akad. Foerh. 15: 132 and Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 27. (Both 1858.) This resembles S. ovalzfola in many respects, but the leaves are thin and not strongly reticulated, the catkins are longer, about 2 cm. long, the style is about 1 mm. long, and the capsule somewhat puberulent when young. I refer the fol- lowing specimens here: Arctic Coast: (Herb. Hook., Barratt & Torr., no. 96; type). Axaska: Cape Blossom, 1884, S. 2B. J1/.; St. Paul Is- land, 1879, frobert White. BEHRING STRAIT and ARAKAMTCHATCHENE ISLAND, 1853- 6, C. Wright. 28. SaLix UNALASCHENSIS Cham. Linnaea, 6: 539. I take the following specimens to belong to this species. The original description is rather meagre and it is hard to tell what the species really is. The specimens before me have thin glabrous leaves, with a broadly obovate blade 2~3 cm. long, on a petiole of about the same length. The cat- kins are rather loose, with the peduncle 3-4 cm. long. The capsule is glabrous, about 6 mm. long and with a style fully 1.5 mm. long. The specimens were labeled Sa//x ovalifolia, (276) with which it could scarcely be confused. It is much nearer related to S. phlebophylla, from which it differs mainly in the longer petioles and styles. Auaska: Silver Bow Basin, above Juneau, 1891, Grace Cooley (in the Columbia Herbarium). 29. Satix Woxri Bebb, Bot. Wheeler Exp. 241; Salix desertorum Wolfid Bebb, in Coulter, Man. R. M. 338. This has been placed in this group on account of its glab- rate capsule. It is true that at first it is somewhat puberulent, but that is also the case in S. phlebophylla and probably in all the species of the group. It resembles somewhat .S. des- ertorum in habit, but cannot be regarded as a form of that species. In the form of the leaves it resembles more S. glaucops. Jt grows in alpine regions of the Rockies. Cotorapo: South Park, 1873, /. Wolf; Gray’s Peak, 1872, Torrey. Wyromine: Big Horn Mountains, 1898, Tweedy. YELLOWSTONE Park: 1886, Tweedy, wo. g8z ; 1884, 20. 35. RETUSAE. Very small, depressed cespitose willows, at most only a few cm. high, with very small leaves, less than 5 mm. long and with entire margins; catkin few- (in ours 2-4-) flow- ered; capsule glabrous with an almost sessile style. Leaves orbicular, often retuse. 30. S. rotundifolia. Leaves oblong-elliptic. 31. S. Dodgeana. 30. SALIX ROTUNDIFOLIA Trautv. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Mosc. 2: 304. 1832. It is characterized by its small nearly orbicular leaves, less than 5 mm. long, which are generally subcordate at the base and retuse at the apex, by its 2-4-flowered catkins, gla~ brous capsule and almost sessile style. Auaska: Unalaska, 1891, J. AL. Macoun, nos. 139, 213 and (78885); Point Barrow, Murdock, no. 24; Attu Island, 1879, L. Al. Turner, no. 1293, in part. Benrinc StTrair and ARAKAMTCHATCHENE ISLAND: 1853-6, C. Wright. (277 ) 31. Satix DopcGEANa. A delicate suffruticose little plant, scarcely more than 2 cm. high above ground: stems slender, but short, mostly subter- ranean, with brown bark ; ; shoots, at least when young, with yellowish green bark, densely covered with leaves, the whole plant perfectly glabrous except the margins of the bracts; leaves 4-5 mm. long, oblong or oval, acutish or obtuse, light green, strongly veined ; pistillate catkins generally 2-flowered ; bracts oblong, truncate, sparingly villous-ciliate ; ; capsule ob- long-ovoid, glabrous, with two sessile 2-cleft stigmas; stam- inate catkin sgenerally 3-4-flowered ; stamens 2, with slender glabrous filaments more than twice as long as the bracts, and short anthers. This is nearest related to S. rotundifolia, which, however, has nearly orbicular, often emarginate leaves and more strongly ciliate obovate bracts. S. Dodgeana is, as far as known, the smallest willow in existence. At the original lo- cality it was found covering whole acres of ground, growing on the mountain side at an altitude of 3200m. Mr. Tweedy collected his specimens at about the same altitude. It is dedi- cated to Mr. William E. Dodge, of New York City, a sincere friend and patron of botany. YELLOWSTONE Park: Electric Peak, Aug. 18, 1897, /Aryd- berg & Bessey. Wyvomtne: Sheep Mountain, Teton Forest Reserve, 1897, Tweedy, no. 292. Specimens with slightly larger and more acute leaves, but which apparently belong to this species, have been collected farther north, viz: Auaska: Atka Island, 1879, Turner, no. 1293, in part. HERBACEAE. Low cespitose willows, sometimes 1-2 dm. high, with more or less serrate or dentate leaves, glabrous capsules and a short style. Leaves orbicular. 32. S. herbacea. Leaves cuneate to obovate. 33. S. Uva-urs. 32. SALIX HERBACEA L. Sp. Pl. 10178. Its range extends from the White Mountains of New Hampshire to the Arctic coast. (278 ) 33. SALix Uva-ursr Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 610. From the mountains of New York to Labrador. The following species may perhaps be regarded as cespi- tose willows, as they are sometimes very low. Salix chlorophylla And. from the Rockies and SS. phyllice- folia from the mountains of northern New England, which closely resemble S. g/aucops, but in these the catkins are from naked buds. Salix monticola Bebb, from the Rockies, witu pedicelled capsules and serrate leaves. Undescribed Species from the Southern United States, By Joun K. SMALL. ALETRIS LUTEA. Perennial. Foliage glabrous, yellowish: stems scape-like, sometimes broadest above the middle, 4-12 cm. mn acu- minate, entire, dilated at the base: racemes 4-20 cm. long, with subulate bracts: pedicels barely 1 mm. long: perianth yellow, cylindric or constricted above the midd:2 , 8-9 mm. ong; segments ovate, spreading: styles united, elongated : capsule conic-ovoid, gradually narrowed into the beak ; this about one-half as long as the body. In low pine lands, Florida to Louisiana. Spring and summer. Aletris lutea stands between the well-known /letr’s fart- nosa on the one hand and Aletriés anrea on the other. Doubtless, plants belonging to the species just described have been the main cause of the imperfect understanding of A. au- rea, chiefly, as far as I can see, on account of the yellow perianth common to both species. But beyond this rather superficial character the two plants have little that would warrant associating them closely. By all other characters of importance A/etrzs /utca has its alliance with A. farcnosa, having the elongated cylindric perianth of that species as well (279 ) as its habit, and not the campanulate perianth characteristic of A. aurea. From its natural ally, A. farinosa, A. lutea may readily be distinguished by the yellow perianth, which is usually more mealy without, and the gradually narrowed capsule, the beak of which is only one-half as long as the body, whereas the capsule of A. farznosa is abruptly nar- rowed into the beak, which is about as long as the body. The following specimens are referred here: Fruoriwa: Chapman; St. Augustine, May and June, aa Mary C. Reynolds; Duval County, A. H. Curtiss, N. A. no. 2841, Jacksonville, Second Dist. N. A. Pl., no. pa ; Eustis, G. V. Mash, Pl. Centr. Penins. Fla., no. 540; Eustis, Pl. of Fla., no. 2053. ALABAMA: Mobile, May and June, 1867, C. Afohr. Mississrppr: Scranton, C. £. Pollard, First Distr. of Miss. Pl., no. 1195. Loutsiana: New Orleans, Dr. /ngalls; Alexandria, /. fale. ALLIUM ALLEGHENIENSE. Bulbs narrowly ovoid, 1-2.5 cm. long, with membranous coats. Leaves few, erect or ascending ; blades narrowly lin- ear, 2-3 dm. long, 2-4 mm. broad; scapes erect or ascend- ing, 3-5 dm. tall, 2-edged at least at maturity, commonly over- topping the leaves: umbels 12—40-flowered, nodding : pedicels 1.5-2.6cm. long, nearly filiform, becoming much thicker at maturity, pink or purple: perianth purple, often deeply so, mostly urn-shaped, 4-5 mm. high; segments oval or nearly so, outer obtuse or notched at the apex, manifestly shorter than the inner: capsules 4-5 mm. high, with’ large proces- ses to each valve. On cliffs or in rocky soil, Virginia to North Carolina, Ten- nessee and Georgia. Summer and fall. This takes the place of A/um cernuum inthe South. I first observed the plant in company with Mr. Heller in the moun- tains of North Carolina, and we have since collected speci- mens at localities north and south of the first observed station. The peculiar urn-shaped perianth with its deep purple color and the obtuse or notched outer segments are sufficient to dis- ( 280 ) tinguish it from its northern relative. Specimens belonging to this species more or less widely distributed in herbaria are: Vireinta: Mt. Crawford, AHe/ler, no. 1203. Nortu Carouixa: Blowing Rock, Heller, no. 168 (1890), and August 24, 1893; Smal/, August, 1891. TENNESSEE: Buffalo Rock, Wolf Creek, September, 1894, Hi. Allen (Ex. Herb. A. Ruth). Georcia: Yonah Mountain, September 4, 1894, Smeal. DonpDIA CONFERTA. Perennial, shrubby. Stems erect or ascending, 4-10 dm. long; branches prostrate or spreading, forming dense tufts, glabrous: leaves numerous, glabrous; blades fleshy, oblong, mostly less than 1 cm. long, obtuse: flowers solitary or clus- tered in the axils of the rather approximate leaves, especially numerous on the branchlets: calyx-segments obtuse: seeds about i mm. broad. Along the coast of Texas. Spring and summer. Only one shrubby Dozda has hitherto been known to occur in Texas, this being Dondia suffruticosa, a native of the western part of the State. Inthe summer of 1894 Mr. Heller collected specimens of another shrubby species, ap- parently different from anything heretofore described. The two Texan species may be separated by the characters con- trasted in the following key: Foliage copiously pubescent ; leaf-blades and as Ga ua acute. . D. suffruticosa. Foliage glabrous ; leaf-blades and calyx-segments obtuse. 2. D. conferta. The type has been distributed by Mr. Heller in his Plants of Southern Texas, no. 1827. al AQUILEGIA COCCINEA. Perennial, rather stout, light green. Stems solitary or tufted, 3-8 dm. tall, erect or ascending, usually branching above, commonly aed pubescent about the nodes ; leaves larger than those of A. Canadensis, otherwise quite similar ; 3 leaflets with 3 main lobes or divisions, eee beneath ; seg- ments incised or lobed, suborbicular cuneate in outline : pedicels minutely ee sepals ovate-lanceo- late, acute or short-acuminate, 17-21 mm. long, scarlet: co- (281 ) ; rollas mainly scarlet: spurs 3-3.3 cm. long, rather abruptly narrowed below the middle, the lamina yellow: styles not twice as long as the ovary: follicles straight, 2 cm. long, tipped by the erect style which is much shorter than the body. On cliffs and in rocky woods, western Virginia to Missouri and Nebraska, south to Alabama. Spring. The species just described is, in many respects, between Aquilegia Canadensis and the western A. formosa. As far as I can learn it has never been described, but has been re- ferred to Aguclegia Canadensis in the east, and to both A. Canadensis and A. formosa in the western parts of its range. The habit of Aguzlegia coccinea resembles that of its west- ern relative, but the structure of the calyx and corollais more nearly like that of the eastern plant. Both of these organs are conspicuously larger than those of A. Canadensis: the sepals are over fifteen millimeters long, are ovate-lanceolate and acute or acuminate as compared with the small broadly ovate and relatively biunt sepals of the common eastern spe- cies; the spurs, too, are much stouter and abruptly narrowed near the apex instead of gradually narrowed from near the base. The following specimens belong here: Vireinta: Banks of the Roanoke River, May 29, 1890, A. Brown; Peaks of Otter, June 7, 1890, V. L. Britton; Slopes of White Top Mountain, May 28, 1892, &. G. Brit- ton and A. MZ. Vail. Kentucky: 1840, C. W. Short. TenneEssEE: Nashville, June, 1894, &. P. Bicknell; Bluffs of the Tennessee River, Knoxville, May, 1897, A. Auth, no. 1726. Missouri: St. Louis, May and June, 1843, VV. Rrehl, no. 389; on rocks, Jackson county, May 17, 1893, B. F. Bush, no. 3; also Courtney, May 5, 1895, no. 8. NEBRASKA: Peru, July, 1889, A. J. Webber. HyrERICUM GLOMERATUM. A branching shrub varying from 3-10 dm. in height, with somewhat scaly bark. Foliage glabrous: leaves rather ( 282 ) numerous; blades narrowly oblong to linear-oblong or nearly linear, 2-4 cm. long (or those clustered in the axils shorter), more or less distinctly apiculate, often somewhat revolute, paler beneath than above, sessile: flowers in dense cymes terminating the branchlets: pedicels 2-8 mm. long: buds ovoid, acutish: sepals rather foliaceous, narrowly oblong to linear-oblong, 5-6 mm. long, acutish, strongly nerved, re- xed at maturity: petals bright yellow, cuneate-spatulate, lly i cm. long, undulate at the apex: stamens numerous: apsules ea clustered, oblong-ovoid, 5-6 mm. high, slightly lobe On mountain slopes and summits, North Carolina, espe- cially on the Grandfather and Table Rock. Summer. Experience with the genus Hyperzcum in both the field and the herbarium, has convinced me that several of its groups are still quite imperfectly understood. One of these groups is that represented by Hypericum prolificum and H. densz- fiorum. When compared with one another these two species are sharply defined, but specimens from the southern Alle- ghenies have been accumulating in our herbaria which, although placed in one or the other of the above mentioned species by some authors, must be rigidly excluded in order to preserve natural limitations. The specimens referred to represent a species which seems to be peculiar to the higher peaks of both the Blue Ridge and Alleghenies proper where I have observed it on several mountain summits. It was collected before the middle of the present century, but mature fruit was not seen until Mr. A. M. Huger secured it on Grandfather Mountain during the summer of 1896. flypericum glomeratum may be separated from Hypericum prolificum by the small size of all its organs, especially the smaller corollas, and by the terminal inflorescence. Both of these characters suggest Hypericum densiforum, but the or- gans of this species are still smaller, the corolla being only one-half as large and in place of the open cymes the inflo- rescence is characteristically congested. The following specimens should be placed here: NorRTH Carouina: Pinnacle Mountains, Ruge/, August, 1842; Table Rock, A. Gray, summit of Table Rock, A. A. ( 283 ) fTeller, August 2, 1890; Grandfather Mountain, A. M. fluger, August, 1896. CALLIRRHOE GERANIOIDES. Perennial, closely pubescent with very short hairs. Stems mostly branched at the base; branches ascending or spread- ing, 1-3 dm. long, simple or nearly so: leaves few; blades 2-2.5 cm. broad, pentagonal in outline, 5-lobed, or 5-cleft, cordate; lobes cuneate, coarsely toothed or cleft, mostly rounded or obtuse: petioles longer than the blades: peduncles surpassing the leaves, often 8—-ro cm. long: bractlets linear or linear-oblong, acute: calyx rather conspicuous, 10-12 mm. long, about twice as large as the bractlets; segments lanceolate, somewhat acuminate: petals See or pink- purple, minutely eroded at the top, 2-2.5 cm In sandy bottoms, southern Texas. Spans a summer. Callirrhoé geranioides is related to C. ¢nvolucrata but it is asmaller plant. The leaf-blades are conspicuously smaller and the segments merely crenate or in some cases incised- crenate. The peduncles are fully twice or usually thrice as long as the subtending leaves, these organs in C. ¢nvolucrata are about as long as the leaves, sometimes a little shorter or slightly longer. The original specimens were collected by A. Schott, on the Mexican Boundary Survey. The label accompanying the specimens bears this record: Rio Bravos del Norte. Cafion between Eagle Pass and Laredo, on sandy bottom land, March, April, 1852. PassIFLORA BIGELOVII. A slender climbing vine with glabrous foliage. Leaves rather numerous; blades as long as broad or nearly so, 1-8 cm. broad, reticulated at maturity, deeply 3-lobed; middle lobe usually cuneate, again 3-lobed ; lateral lobes unequally once or twice lobed, all lobes usually bristle-tipped: petioles 2-6 mm. long, with 2 glands at the base of the blade: pe- duncles surpassing the petioles: involucres wanting: calices ne 2 cm. broad, greenish; sepals oblong, obtuse: corolla ing: filaments of the crown shorter than the sepals: ce subglobose, about 1 cm. in diameter ( 284 ) In sandy or rocky soil, Texas. The species here described has been represented in her- baria for nearly fifty years. It is related to Passiflora tenuz- loba, but the two species may easily be separated from each other by the leaves and the characters may be contrasted thus: Middle lobe of the leaf-blades less than one-third as long as the nearly linear lateral lobes P. tenuiloba, Middle lobe - the leaf-blades as long as the cuneate lateral lobes or nearly SO. P. Bigelovit. The specimens cited below belong to the newly described Texas: Camp Green, Oct. 30. C. C. Parry, Mex. Bound. Surv., no. 393c; Mountains and rocky places on the Pecos, Sept. 10, 1852, J. M. Bigelow, Mex. Bound. Surv., no. 393d; San Diego, 1884, Mary B. Croft, no. 64. LEUCOTHOE ELONGATA. branching shrub 1-3 meters tall with puberulent or gla- brate foliage. Leaves firm; blades oblong, elliptic, or some- times oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, 2-5 cm. long, acute or slightly acuminate, serrulate, gradually or abruptly narrowed into short petioles: racemes 10-20 cm. long, quite slender: pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long, curved: calices us- ually puberulent; segments lanceolate, often narrowly so, 3-4 mm. long, acuminate, ciliolate, involute: corollas with short subulate awns: capsules spheroidal, 3.5-4 broad, much shorter than the calyx-segments. In swamps and low pine lands, Florida. Spring. The number of Leucothoés inhabiting the Atlantic sea- board and the Alleghenies must be increased to six. The species under consideration has hitherto been confused with Leucothoé racemosa. Specimens belonging here have been preserved in our herbaria for over fifty years. They may be segregated from specimens of Leucothoé racemosa by the elongated racemes and much longer, narrower and acuminate calyx-segments, which surpass the capsule. Besides these (285 ) characters the awns of the anthers are very short. The fol- lowing collections are cited: Fiorrpa: ‘In paludosis, prope Tallahassee, Rugel, Mai, 1843 ;” Chapman, no. 119 and other unnumbered collections. EvoLvuLus MOLLIS. Perennial, silky. Stems branched at the eee branches ascending or decumbent, 5-20 cm. long, slender: leaves al- ae blades linear to linear-oblong or liieai-lanecolate: 2.5 cm. long, acute, sometimes scythe- shaped, entire, ses- aie or nearly so; pedicels shorter than the calices: calices more or less densely lanuginose, 4-6 mm. long; segments ob- long or lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, slightly acuminate, erect or nearly so: corollas bluish, ro-14 mm. broad: capsules globose-ovoid, 4-5 mm. in diameter. In dry soil, Texas. Spring and summer. The separation of the above species serves as one step towards clearing up the chaotic conditions existing in various treatments of the genus volvulus. The species under con- sideration is related to &. p7/osus and like that plant, it has both surfaces of the leaf-blades hairy. The characters by which the two species differ may be contrasted thus: Pubescence shaggy: calyx-segments acute, erect or nearly so. E. pilosus. Pubescence silky: calyx-segments acuminate, tips spreading. £. mollis. I cite two widely distributed specimens : Curtiss, N. A. Pl., no. 2178; calcareous prairies, near Dallas, Texas, May and June, collected by J. Reverchon. ffeller, Pl. S. Texas, no. 1912, Kerrville, Kerr county, June 19-26, 1894, altitude 485-600 meters. DaASYSTOMA BIGNONIIFLORA. Perennial, glabrous. Stems erect, several dm. tall, branch- ing rather slender: leaves opposite, relatively small; blades spatulate, 1-5 cm. long, acute, entire, narrowed into short petioles : pedicels longer than the calyx-tubes: calices sur- passing the subtending petioles; tubes broadly campanulate ; segments linear or lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as the tube, acute: corollas 3.5-4.5 cm. long, ellow: capsules elliptic-ovoid, nearly 1.5 cm. long, slender beaked. In sandy soil, Tampa Bay, Florida. Summer. ( 286‘) The species above described is allied to Dasystoma Vzr- ginica but is less robust inhabit. In the flower we find nar- rowly lanceolate and larger calyx-segments and much more elongated corollas which are quite suggestive of those organs in certain Big nonias. The original specimens were collected by Dr. Burrows, at Tampa Bay, Florida, in 1834. Speci- mens from Georgia collected by Dr. Boykin seem also to be referable here. PHYSOSTEGIA LEPTOPHYLLA. Perennial, from creeping or horizontal rootstocks. Foli- age deep green, glabrous or nearly so below, puberulent above, especially in the inflorescence: stems erect or ascend- ing, 6-10 dm. long, simple, regularly leafy to near the raceme, rather slender: leaves few; blades thin, oblong or some slightly broadest above or below the middle, obtuse or acute above, repand, narrowed into margined petioles ; these % as Jong as the blades near the base of the stem, much shorter above or the upper pairs of leaves with sessile blades: ra- cemes spike-like, 1-3 dm. long, slender, remotely-flowered : pedicels 1-3 mm. long, often as long as the bracts at matu- rity: calices 5—6.5 mm. long; tubes turbinate or campanulate in age, accrescent, somewhat inflated at maturity, faintly rib- ded, much longer than the pedicels; segments triangular to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, about % as long as the tube: corolla blue, about 2 cm. long; tube rather abruptly dilated just beyond the calyx, especially dilated beneath; lips about one-third as long as the tube: nutlets suborbicular, 3-3.5 mm. long, with sharp edges. On river shores, peninsular Florida. Spring to fall. This species is related to Physostegia denticulata and through it to P. Digztal’s and P. Virginiana. Its diagnostic characters are indicated as follows: Mature calices tubular, 9-11 mm. long; upper leaves conspicuously reduced. P. denticulata. Mature calices campanulate, 5-6 mm. long; upper leaves only slightly re- duced. P. leptophylla. The original specimens were collected by Dr. A. P. Gar- ber in the Manatee River, Florida, June, 1878 (So. Fla. Fl., no. 10). Specimens apparently referable to this species were collected many years ago by Dr. Chapman, no data, except Florida is recorded on the label. ( 287 ) HEDEOMA SERPYLLIFOLIA. Perennial, softly hirsute. Stems tufted, ascending or de- cumbent, 1-2 dm. long, considerably branched, especially above i middle : leaves opposite; blades oval to oblong, 5-8 mm. long, obtuse, softly pubescent, entire, narr owed into manifest petioles: Spa i wered: calices longer than the pedicels, 5-6 long, hirsute; tube slightly constricted above middle, ee ribbed ; teeth subulate ; lower twice as long as upper: corolla bluish, 5 mm. long, only slightly longer ee ae, tube dilated above middle, mi- nutely pubesce upper lip rounded, minutely notched, smaller than as nee of lower lips, the middle one of them larger than rest, deeply notched: nutlets 1 mm. long, pu- berulen In dry soil, Texas. Spring. Specimens on which this species is founded have been re- ferred to both Hedeoma Reverchonit and H. Drummondy7, the latter however is so different that it need not be consid- ered in this connection; it differs from Hedeoma Reverchonia in its widely spreading habit and the copiously divided branches. The leaves are only about one-half as large and more remote and their blades of an ovate or oval shape as compared with a narrowly oblong one. The calyx is only one-half as large and lacks the characteristic bristly pubes- cence of A. Reverchouiz. The original specimens were collected by Mr. Heller, at Kerrville, April 25-30, ee and distributed i in his Plants of Southern Texas, no. 1663 HEDEOMA SANCTA. Annual or biennial, finely cinereous-pubescent. Stems erect, 1-3 dm. tall, somewhat branched, rather slender: leaves op- posite; blades oval, oblong, or narrowly oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long, entire, slightly revolute, narrowed into very short peti- oles: calices 5-6 mm. tong, hispidulous, surpassed by the leaves; tube somewhat swollen; segments of the lower lips about twice as long as those of the upper: corollas 4-5 mm. long, puberulent; tube slender; upper lip and middle lobe of lower lip truncate or barely emarginate, other lobes rounded. In dry soil, Texas. Spring. ( 288°) Hedeoma sancta has heretofore been confused with the very rare H. Drummondit. In this connection it is interesting to note that there are only three specimens of the latter species in the Columbia University Herbarium, two of these are the Drummond specimens, and the third is Wright’s number 463. The species just described differs in the more robust habit, in the larger broader and almost flat leaf-blades which conspic- uonsly surpass the calyx and corolla. The species is founded on the following specimens : Texas: San Antonio, April, 1853, Dr. Geo. Thurber; San Diego, 1885-86, Mss Mary B. Croft. 'TEUCRIUM DEPRESSUM. Apparently biennial, minutely pubescent with spreading hairs. Stems branched at the base; branches spreading or decumbent, 3-12 cm. long, leafy throughout, usually simple: leaves clicraate: blades palmately 3-parted or sometimes 5-parted, 5-10 mm. long, sessile; segments entire or some, especially the middle one, toothed or incised: racemes nar- row, spike-like, 1-6 cm. long: bracts similar to the leaves and only slightly smaller: pedicels 1-2 mm. long, stout: calices 3-4 mm. long ; segments lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the tube, finel pubescent, with minute rigid tips, I-ribbed, reticulated: nutlets fully 2 mm. high, coarsely wrinkled. In dry soil, southern Texas. Spring. Teucrium depressum is the smallest species of the genus within the limits of the United States; its nearest ally is 7. laciniatum. Most of its organs are only one-half as large as those of its relative. The pubescence is coarser and more scabrous. Wright’s number 1545, Coll. N. Mex., 1851-52, and Thurber’s number 193 from El! Paso, Texas, collected in April, 1851, both belong here. PLantTaco H#eLuERi. Annual, dwarf, oe Foliage deep green, villous: leaves basal, rather numerous; blades ae slightly broad- ened upward, or Terenas ea 2-12 cm. long, acute, en- tire, glabrate in age, except near the base, sessile: scapes solitary or several together, erect or ascending, villous: ( 289 ) spikes oblong- Sieeaary 1-2 cm. long, 8-10 mm. thick, conspicuous on ac of i corolla-segments: bracts linear-subulate, oe the calices: flowers perfect: calices 4 mm. long, silky ; Predeie broadly oblong or oval, the scarious margins much broader than the green midrib: corollas glabrous : ; tubes often barely as long as the calices; segments orbicular- bas or es spreading, as long as the tube: capsules oblon -4 mm. long, included in the corolla-tube, ee a little above the middle: seeds 1-2. In dry soil, Texas. Spring and summer. A species of the imperfectly understood Plantago Pata- Yonica group: it is most closely related to P. Patagonica lanatifolia, but may be separated by the villous peduncles ; the leaf-blades are glabrate, and large specimens may thus simulate Plantago Wrrght77. The original specimens were collected by Mr. Heller at Kerrville, Texas, in April, 1894, distributed in Plants of Southern Texas, no. 1649. HOvuSTONIA PULVINATA. Perennial, glabrous. Foliage turning black in drying: stems branched at the base; branches 8—z2 cm. long, angled, densely tufted, forming cushion-like masses: leaves numer- ous; blades linear, 1-1.5 cm. long, acute, revolute, more or less curved, sessile: peduncles 1 cm. long or usually shorter : pedicels 1 mm. long or usually shorter, or somewhat longer at maturity, the cymes thus relatively dense: bracts minute, acute: calices about 1 mm. long, becoming 2 mm. long at maturity ; segments triangular-ovate, acute: corolla bluish, 3.5-4 mm. long; tube gradually enlarged; segments ob- long-ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, pubescent within: capsules oblong-obovoid, fully 2 mm. long, slightly notched. In sand, peninsular Florida. Summer. This species has always been merged inthe composite HZ. angust/folia, but it possesses excellent distinguishing characters. The depressed cushion-like form it assumes in growing serves as a ready means of distinction. The short leaves, the congested cymes, the smaller corollas and shorter more obovoid capsules are sufficient to warrant its treatment as a species. The original specimens are from St. Augustine, Florida, ( 290 ) where they were collected in 1876 by Miss Mary C. Reynolds and Dr. A. P. Garber. IVA CAUDATA. Annual, hispid or somewhat strigose. Stems erect, 4-10 dm. tall, branching, ridged: leaves opposite or nearly so; blades ovate or elliptic, 4-10 cm. long, coarsely and irregu- larly serrate or incised, acuminate, acute to truncate at the base: petioles 4-} as long as the blades, bristly: spikes con- tinuous or interrupted below, conspicuously bracted: bracts linear or with a narrowly elliptic base and linear tip, 7-15 mm. long, sparingly ciliate: heads drooping, sessile: bracts of the involucres cuneate, 3 mm. high, ciliolate: corollas 2 mm. long; segments spreading or recurved. In swamps and low ground, Mississippi to Louisiana. Fall. A characteristic species apparently confined to the Gulf States in the vicinity of the Mississippi River. It may be distinguished from /va ciliata by the smoother foliage, the thinner leaf-blades and the conspicuously elongated linear bracts of the inflorescence. The following specimens are in the Columbia University Herbarium: Louisiana: Swamps, September, Wm. Carpentex; New Orleans, 1835, Dr. Zngalls; 1838, Dr. Riddell. Mississippi: Specimen in the Chapman Herbarium with- out further record. New Southern Grasses, By Gro. V. Nasu. PaspaLum CHAPMANI. Culms tufted, 8-ro dm. tall, smooth and glabrous: leaves on the culm about 3; sheaths loosely embracing the culm, the basal ones pubescent with short hairs, the remaining sheaths glabrous, excepting the pubescent margin, the upper 2 en- closing each a single raceme-bearing more or less exserted branch; ligule a brown scarious ring about 0.5 mm. wide, with back of it a dense ring of erect white hairs 2-3 mm. long ; blades smooth and glabrous on both surfaces, the margins ciliate, the hairs arising from papillae, lanceolate to linear- ( 291 ) lanceolate, erect or nearly so, rather thin in texture. 0.7-2 dm. long, 7-1 . wide: racemes IO-12 cm. long, r rather slender, the ae flat, about 1 mm. wide, the main culm usually bearing 2 racemes, the branches but 1 raceme: spikelets in pairs, on shorter pubescent pedicels, oval, 2.2 mm. long and about 1.8 mm. broad; outer 2 scales mem- branous, “densely pubescent with short spreading glandular tipped hairs, 3-nerved, or the second often 2-nerved by the suppression of the ey flowering scale coriaceous, in cross-section triangular, the angles rounded; palet of similar texture. Collected by Dr. A. W. Chapman in Florida, no detailed data. Distinguished from P. c7/iatrfolium by the broader densely pubescent spikelets and the pubescent margins of the sheaths. PASPALUM PROPINQUUM. Culms tufted, 8-10 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous: leaves on the culm 2 or 3, scattered; sheaths loosely embracing the culm, the basal ones pubescent with short hairs, the remain- ing ones smooth and glabrous, the upper one much elongated and enclosing 1 or 2 concealed or more or less exserted raceme-bearing branches; ligule a brown scarious ring about 1 mm. wide; blades smooth and glabrous on both sur- faces, ciliate on the margins with stiff hairs, the hairs arising from papillae, linear, oe or nearly so, 0.5-2 dm. long, —10 mm. wide, the midnerve light-colored: racemes rather slender, straight or curved, 8-12 cm. long, I or 2 on the long-exserted culm, the branches bearing a single raceme, the rachis about 0.8 mm. wide; spikelets in pairs, on shorter pubescent pedicels, oval, about 1.8 mm. long and 1.5 mm wide, obtusely apiculate at the apex; outer 2 scales mem- branous, strongly pubescent with short spreading glandular- tipped hairs, the first scale 3-nerved, the second usually 2-nerved by the suppression of the midnerve which is very rarely present; flowering scale coriaceous, triangular in cross-section, the angles much rounded; palet of similar tex- ture Oaiteaed by the writer in sandy soil at Eustis, Lake county, Florida, on July 25, 1894, no. 1427. It is closely related to P. celiatifolium, but can be distinguished by the smaller densely pubescent spikelets with their obtuse apicula- tion. ( 292 ) PasPALUM RIGIDIFOLIUM. Whole plant, with the exceptions noted below, smooth and glabrous. Culms tufted, erect, 3-8 dm. tall: leaves on the culm 2 or 3; sheaths rather loosely embracing the culm, the basal softly pilose with rather long spreading hairs, the upper sheath usually enclosing a single more or less exserted ra- ceme-bearing branch; ligule a scarious ring about 0.5 mm. wide, with a ring immediately back of it of long white hairs 2-3 mm. long ; blades erect or ascending, rigie, linear-lance- olate, acuminate, 7-20 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide: racemes straight, single, or rarely in 2’s, 6 13 cm, lene: the rachis about I mm. wide, flat: spikelets in pairs, on shorter gla- brous or nearly glabrous pedicels, 2.3-2.5 mm. long, 1.7—-2 mm. wide, oval or broadly obovate; outer 2 scales membra- nous, the first more or less pubescent with short spreading hairs, 5-nerved, the second 5-nerved, or sometimes 4-nerved by the suppression of the midnerve; flowering scale cori- aceous, triangular in cross-section, the angles rounded; palet of similar texture. In dry sandy soil, high pine land, peninsular Florida. Type collected by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., May 1-15, 1894, no. 629; also at the same place on July 25, of the same year. no. 1419. DIpLACHNE HALEI. Whole plant, with the exceptions noted below, smooth and glabrous. Culms 6~10 dm. tall, flattened, finally branching ; nodes 3~5: culm leaves 3-5: sheaths loose, longer or shorter than the internodes, compressed; ligule scarious, rounded at the summit, about 2 mm. long; blades erect or ascending, 1.5-4 dm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, flat, very rough on both sur- faces and on the margins, long-acuminate, primary nerves -g: inflorescence finally exserted, 2~3 dm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, oblong, its axis and that of the numerous racemes ver rough; racemes ascending, 4-7 cm. long: spikelets 4-6 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, compressed, elliptic, on scabrous pedicels 1-2.5 mm. long: scales 7-10, lower empty 2 rough, 1-nerved, hispidulous on the keel, the subulate first scale about two-thirds as long as the much broader second which is — slightly 2-toothed at the obtuse ae and about 2mm. ; flowering scales about 3 mm. long, 1.2-1. . wi a elliptic when spread out, slightly and usually obtusely 2-toothed at the obtuse apex, the lateral nerves pilose for one- ( 293 ) third or less of their length, vanishing at or just below the margin, the midnerve glabrous, or pilose toward the base, the remainder, as well as the awn which is 0.2 mm. long or less, hispidulous ; palet about as long as the body of the scale, the internerve about 0.75 mm. broad and elliptic when spread = the infolded margins glabrous: stamens elliptic, 0.6 mm. long: grain (not ee mature) brown, about 1.5 mm. long, elliptic, compresse Marshes, eee to Texas. Very distinct from the other members of this genus and readily recognized. The following specimens are referred here: Louistana: Hale, several sheets, the type in my own her- barium from the Gray Herbarium, labeled ‘‘ Leptochloa_fascz- cularts var.” Texas: Drummond, no. 322. Tricuspis LANGLOISII. Smooth and glabrous throughout, with the exceptions noted below. Culms tufted, 5-15 dm. tall, erect, round; nodes 2 or 3: basal leaves rather ee their sheaths crowded, equitant, and shining; culm leaves 2 or 3; sheaths coarsely striate, much shorter than the internodes, often pilose at the apex; ligule a ring of copious silvery hairs about 1 mm. long; blades erect or ascending, flat, sometimes folded when dry, glaucous and minutely pubescent on the upper surface, long-acuminate, the basal 2-4 dm. long and 2.5~5 mm. wide, the lower culm blade 7-15 cm. long and 2-3.5 mm. broad, the upper blade much smaller, 2 cm. or less long: panicle narrow, I~2 dm. long, about 2 cm. broad, its triangular branches arranged singly, rarely in pairs, erect or nearly so, the larger 6-10 cm. long and usually subdivided: spikelets 6-7 mm. long, oval when mature, appressed to the branches, on stout pedicels about 1 mm. long: scales 6-8, the outer empty 2 acute, 1-nerved, or the second rarely 3- -nerved, the first narrower than and about three-quarters as long as the second which is 3.5-4 mm. long; flowering scales elliptic, 3-nerved, the nerves excurrent as short points, pilose for the lower half with ascending hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the callus pilose, the lower scales about 4 mm. long and 2.25 mm. wide when spread out; palet as long as or a little shorter than the scale, 2-nerved, the nerves ciliate and about equally curved at the base and the apex, hence the internerve elliptic or (294 ) nearly so, about 1.6 mm. wide: grain flattened, oval, about Dry sandy soil, Florida to Louisiana. The following specimens are referred here: Fiorina: A. W. Chapman, two specimens, one num- bered 69. Mississippi: S. M. Tracy, Biloxi, July 12, 1891. H. Kearney, Jr., near Waynesboro, Oct. 2, 1896, no. I14. Lovuistana: T. Drummond, New Orleans, 1832. A. B. Langlois, Slidell, ‘‘in pine woods clearings,” Oc- tober 5, 1891 (the type, in my own herbarium). Related to Z. ambzgua, but quite distinct. In that species the panicle is more open, the spikelets smaller and broadly oval when mature, the flowering scales only about 3 mm. long, and the palet, in which lies the most marked difference, is only ciliolate on the nerves which are much more curved at the base than at the rounded and apiculate apex of the palet, the internerve therefore broadly ovate-oval. The nerves are decidedly gibbous at the base. In the herbarium of Columbia University there are two sheets from Dr. Chapman labeled 7ricuspis ambigua- The specimens on one of these belong to the above described new species; the other contains two specimens, one the herein described species and the other the Poa ambizgua of Elliott. To this latter sheet is fastened a small pocket en- closing a few spikelets from Elliott’s herbarium. This con- clusively settles the identity of Elliott’s species which Chap- man cites in his Southern Flora. It will thus be seen that Chapman’s idea of TJrrcuspis ambigua was a com- posite one, including both the Poa amb/gua of Elliott and the species described above. Buty. N. Y. Bot. Garp. Vou. I, PLATE 3. THE BRONX IN THE NORTH MEADOWS. BuLL. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vor. I, PLATE 4. WEST SIDE OF HERBACEOUS GROUNDS, LOOKING NORTH. Buu. N. Y. Bor. GARD. VoL. I, PLATE 5. EAST SIDE OF HERBACEOUS GROUNDS, LOOKING SOUTH. Buti. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vor. I, PLATE 6. IN THE HEMLOCK FOREST. ‘N. Y. Bor. Garp. ot. J, PLATE 7. THE GORGE OF THE BRONX. Buti. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vou. I, Prate 8. THE BRONX BELOW THE GORGE. VOL. I. No. 65. BULLETIN THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN. CONTENTS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR-IN-CHIEF FOR ae (WITH LATE 9), 6 2 6 295 REPORT OF ‘THE CURATOR OF "THE Museum S, 311 REPORT OF THE HONORARY CURATOR OF ‘Tat Economic. Cor fie lias a> Ge fee os Roar as oe js 7 322 REPORT OF THE " Actine LIBRARIAN, . .. «.«...ees 325 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE LABORATORIES, 2 toate 331 REPORT OF THE HEAD GARDENER,...... - 334 REPORT OF THE GENERAL ASSISTANT ON THE PLANTATIONS, . - + 337 SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING I1899,... ...... 397 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS, FELLows AND MEMBERS, 401 REPORT OF THE TREASURER, ..- «2s wees REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC ‘DIRECTORS, Be NS aes Se eles, ares 414 BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS: THE RooTs AND MYCORHIZAS OF SOME OF THE esi BY D. T. MacDoucar AND Francis E. Lioyp (PLATES Io, 11, A NEW eae FROM MICHIGAN, BY GEO. V. Nas 4 THE Genus Bumelia In NoRTH AMERICA, BY JOHN - SMATAL, . - 437 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NORTH AMERICAN THORNS, BY N, I, BRITTON (ISSUED MARCH 30, 1900,] OFFICERS, 1900. PRESIDENT—-D. O. MILLS, VicE-PRESIDENT—ANDREW CARNEGIE, TREASURER—CHARLES F. COX, SECRETARY——N. L. BRITTON. BoARD OF MANAGERS. 1. ELECTED MANAGERS. ANDREW CARNEGIE, D. O. MILLS, CHARLES F. COX, J. PIERPONT MORGAN, W. BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER, WILLIAM E. DODGE, SAMUEL SLOAN, JOHN I. KANE, W. GILMAN THOMPSON, SAMUEL THORNE. 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS. THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS, HON. GEO, C. CLAUSEN. THE Mayor OF THE City oF New York, HON. R. A. VAN WYCK. 3. SCLENTIFIC DIRECTORS. HON. SETH LOW, CuartrRMan. HON. ADDISON BROWN, PROF. J. F. KEMP, PROF, C. F. CHANDLER, HON. J. J. LITTLE, PROF, L. M. UNDERWOOD. GARDEN STAFF. DR. N. L. BRITTON, Diévector-in- Chief. DR, D. T. MACDOUGAL, First Assistant. DR. JOHN K, SMALL, Curator of the Museums. DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Asststant Curator. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Head Gardener. GEORGE \V. NASH, Curator of the Plantations. ANNA MURRAY VAIL, Zibrerian. DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections. COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Suferi Y WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant. ‘oo6 ‘AUVANV! ‘ONIGTING WOASNW AHL 6 "Id ‘I ‘10A ‘duvg “Log ‘A 'N “I1ag BULLETIN The New York Botanical Garden Vol. 1. No. 5. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AND DIRECTOR- IN-CHIEF. (Submitted and accepted January 8, 1900.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw York Boran- ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith my report as Secretary and Director-in-Chief for the year ending Janu- ary 8, Igoo: Plants and Planting. 1. Herbaceous Grounds. ‘The work of maintaining and in- creasing the herbaceous collection has been continued through the year with very gratifying results. As shown by the list in the accompanying report of Mr. Nash, General Assistant, there have been 2,151 species and varieties, contained in 105 families, under cultivation during the season; this is a slight gain of species over the record for 1898. Most of the accessions have been grown from seed in the nurseries, but a considerable number have been secured by exchange or purchase of roots. The general plan of the ground has not been changed, space for the additional plants brought in during the year having been provided by simply enlarging the existing plots. An additional pool for aquatic plants was excavated during the autumn. (795) (296) This collection has been used by many students during the year and has now become complete enough to afford a good general view of all the natural plant families containing her- baceous species hardy in our climate. The large number of different kinds of plants brought to- gether on an area of about eight acres has naturally afforded a constant change in color effects from week to week as the plants successively came into bloom and this, together with the large amount of greensward between the plots and the forest surroundings of the glade, have made this plantation exceedingly attractive. 2. Fruticetum. During the planting season of both spring and fall, species of shrubs additional to those set out in the autumn of 1898 were installed on the plain northeast of the Museum Building. The collection of shrubs thus grouped in natural families now contains 338 species, which is a gain of 143 species over the record of 1898. The collection now contains enough kinds of shrubs to fairly represent all the natural families in which shrubs are included, hardy in this climate, and it has come to be of value to students, who have used it in considerable numbers. The Salicetum or Willow collection has been installed on a part of the marshy ground northeast of the Fruticetum. 3. Arboretum. Tree planting in accordance with the scheme contemplated by the general plan has been carried on during both spring and fall. The number of species of trees now in piace, including those native to the grounds or long ago established, aggregates 160, 4. Viticetum. The collection of vines which had been brought together in the nurseries was transferred during the spring and fall to the rustic arbor built last winter; the num- ber of species now included in this collection is 45. 5. Wurserves. No additional space has been taken into the nurseries during the year, the amount of land already under cultivation having proved sufficient. Among the most impor- tant collections of seeds sown in the nurseries during the spring were those received from the Royal Botanical Garden at (297 ) Berlin, Germany, and from the Botanical Garden of Cam- bridge University, England. Through the interest of Mr. Rives we were able to purchase a large and interesting collec- tion of Japanese shrubs from nurseries at Yokahama, Japan; these are still in the nurseries, but may be transplanted to the Fruticetum next year. A considerable number of them do not appear to have been grown in this vicinity hitherto, and their behavior ip our climate is being noted with much interest. 6. Boundary Borders. The border screens have been considerably modified by addition and substitution, most attention having been paid to the strip along the railroad from the Southern Boulevard bridge to the Bog Garden, and to the strip near the stable and the Bleecker street entrance on the east side of the park. 7. Lemporary Greenhouse. The use of the Columbia University greenhouse on Morningside Heights has been con- tinued and it is now crowded with plants to its utmost capacity, there being probably enough specimens in this collection to occupy one-fifth or one-fourth the space which will be pro- vided by the great range of horticultural houses now under construction. Further details concerning the planting are contained in the report of Mr. Henshaw, Head Gardener, hereto appended. Buildings. Work on the contract of the Department of Parks with the John H. Parker Company, for the construction of the Museum Building, the Power House, Stable and Closet group, has been prosecuted throughout the year under the constant supervision of Commissioner Moebus of the Borough of the Bronx, his chief engineer, Mr. Daniel Ulrich, and his inspector, Mr. William Brooks, and under the direction of Mr. . Gibson, architect, and his assistants. Afuseum. The Museum Building is now essentially com- pleted in accordance with the terms of the contract, it only remaining to effect the final cleaning up and the adjustment of some details relative to the furniture and the heating and r (298 ) ventilating apparatus, to make the acceptance of the work desirable. We have used several rooms of the Museum in a temporary way, the first specimens and books having been placed in one of the dark rooms upon the third floor, on August 15th, and portions of the Garden Herbarium were shelved in the Herbarium room, at the east end of the third floor, early in September. The transportation of the Herbarium of Columbia University to the new Herbarium room was begun on Sep- tember 15th, and has been carried on at intervals since that time by means of our own teams and laborers, as opportunity afforded. Jt is now nearly completely installed, there re- maining only a few boxes of specimens at the University. The Library room was first occupied on December 6th, and the moving of the Botanical Library of Columbia University into it was begun December 2oth, and is now practically com- pleted. The setting of the furniture in the laboratories was accomplished early in December, and the work of placing the instrumental equipment is now in progress. We have also occupied four of the basement rooms for storage. The cases in the Public Museum Halls are ready to receive specimens, and this work of installation may be begun within a few days. The lecture hall in the basement is quite ready for use whenever needed. A supplementary contract for the construction of the Front Central Portico, amounting to $12,875, was awarded by the Commissioners of Parks to the John H. Parker Company, in July; work was begun under this contract immediately thereafter. This portico was completed in October, and accepted by the architect; it adds greatly to the appearance of the building. Plans prepared by Mr. Gibson for some further ornamen- tation of the end pavilions of the Museum have been accepted by the Board of Managers, and Mr. Gibson has obtained some estimates of the expense which would be incurred in carrying them out, but he has concluded that it will be ad- vantageous to defer this work for the present. (299 ) The Board of Managers have also authorized a sculptors’ competition for designs for the fountain planned for construc- tion in front of the Museum Building, and arrangements for such competition have been made by a committee of the Managers and the architect. Power House.—Awaiting the completion of the Museum Building little work was done on the Power House early in the year, it having been essentially completed, with the ex- ception of steam pipe and water pipe connections, last De- cember; several tests of the boilers were made during the autumn, the official Police Department test having been made on November 3d. Steam was first turned on the Museum on December 15th and tests of the heating and venti- lating apparatus have since been proceeding continuously : they are not yet fully completed. Subway from Power Flouse to Museum. In consulta- tion with Commissioner Moebus, Mr. Ulrich and Mr. Gibson, it was deemed desirable early in the year to increase the height of the subway from 2 feet as originally planned, to 4% feet along about one-third of its length, and a modifi- cation of the Parker contract to arrange for this was effected at an additional cost of $874. The subway was completed, its steam pipes laid, and the trenches closed early in the autumn. Stable. As recorded in my last annual report this build- ing was completed and was occupied by us in November, 1898 ; it has been in constant use ever since; a force-pump connecting with the well near by was placed in it early in December, affording an abundant supply of water. Public Comfort Station. This structure is now complete for operation, needing only water and sewer connections, which it is planned to supply early in the year. Tool House. Nochanges have been made in this building. The Range of Horticultural Houses. As recorded in my last annual report, ground was broken for these buildings on January 3d under the contract awarded by the Commissioners of Parks to Mr. John R. Sheehan. Mr. Sheehan began ex- ( 300 ) cavations for the foundations early in the spring and has since prosecuted work continuously. In consultation with commissioner Moebus, Mr. Ulrich, Mr. Lincoln Pierson, of the Lord and Burnham Company, architects of these build- ing, and with experts summoned by the commissioner and by the architects, it was deemed desirable to modify the contract so as to permit a strengthening of the girders of the large Central Palm House beyond that originally planned and also to add some columns in the two end houses of the range to give their roofs more certain support. It was also decided to be advantageous to substitute rubble masonry in the walls of the subway connecting the Power House with these build- ings, and also in the walls of the trenches extending under the buildings, for the brick walls originally specitied. After much consultation it was decided to allow Mr. Sheehan the sum of $2,000 extra on account of this modification, fixing the amount to his contract at $112,000 instead of $110,000, the considerable additional cost of the iron work being partially offset by the reduction effected in the change from brick to stone in the subway and trench walls. The modification in the iron work caused a delay of three months in the framing of the central Palm Dome and this has only recently been completed; the other seven houses covered by the Sheehan contract are completed, including their glazing, with the exception of their interior fittings ; work on these is being prosecuted. The Propagating Hfouses. Detailed plans for the small greenhouses for propagating and experimental purposes, together with specifications, have been completed by the Lord and Burnham company and the buildings may be erected as soon as funds for the purpose become available. Drainage and Sewerage. Early inthe year it was deemed necessary to effect the connection of the Museum Building with the Williamsbridge and Bronx Park sewer, and begin- ning in March, a 12-inch vitrified pipe was laid from a point 25 feet in front of the west wing of the Museum down the steam subway trench for 140 feet, thus taking advantage of ex- (301) cavations already made, thence turning at right angles to the north and continuing to meet the position planned for the sewer from the Horticultural Houses, a manhole being estab- lished at this intersection; thence to the Williamsbridge and Bronx Park sewer at the curve of the latter just before it passes under the railroad, as provided in the general plan. The divergence from the general plan, by taking advantage of the subway excavations along this line enabled us to escape all rock excavations. From the starting point of the 12-inch sewer in front of the west wing of the Museum a to-inch line was laid parallel with the front wall of the Museum nearly to the east wing; and all the outlet pipes from the Museum were connected with this 10-inch line under the Parker contract. To obtain the necessary grades and allow for future connections it was necessary to lay these sewers very deep, and the work was not finished until July. n order to take care of the roof water of the Museum and the drainage from the Museum areas, a 10-inch vitrified pipe was laid in the bottom of the subway excavations from the west wing of the Museum to the main 18-inch land drain in the valley facing the railroad station; and also an 8-inch vitrified pipe from the eastern corner of the Museum to the ditch along the driveway leading to the lakes; this 8-inch line will ultimately be connected with the land drains of the driveway system which are planned to outflow into the lakes. In order to take care of the roof water of the range of Horticultural Houses a 15-inch vitrified pipe was laid from the manhole built under the Sheehan contract just north of house number 5 for 220 feet to the northwest, temporarily outflowing on the surface; this may also be connected with the land drain system in the future. The roof water of the Power House was made to flow into an 8-inch vitrified title connecting with a dry well 15 fect in diameter about 100 feet southwest of that building, and the blow-off water from the boilers as well as that which accu- mulates in the catch-pit of the Power House is discharged into this same dry well through a 3-inch vitrified pipe. The (302 ) drainage from the runways at the Power House is discharged through a porous tile system into the underlying gravel at a point 3 feet south of the northern retaining wall of the build- ing. During the autumn the porous tile drainage system begun last year north of the Bleecker street entrance on the eastern side of the Park was continued for several hundred feet, tem- porarily outflowing on the surface. A system of 6-inch porous drain-pipe was also laid from a piece of swampy woods south of the nurseries to the east line of the Park, satisfactorily draining that part of the ground. Waiter Supply. The Herbaceous Grounds were supplied with water in the spring by laying about goo feet of 2-inch and I-inch galvanized iron pipe from the branch provided last year in the pipe which supplies the Lorillard mansion. As these grounds only need water about four months in the year, this pipe was laid only about a foot beneath the surface and valves were supplied for shutting it off and draining it at will; hose taps were provided every 50 feet along its entire length. This water supply proved very useful during the extremely dry summer. In August, during the building of the plaza facing the rail- road station, all water pipes needed there were laid so as to avoid the tearing up of the road in the future, this policy having been adopted so far asit has been possible through- out the prosecution of the work of construction. In September excavations were begun for the laying of about 4,000 feet of iron water pipe to connect the Power House and the Range of Horticultural Houses with the sys- tem begun last year by connecting the Museum building with the 36-inch aqueduct which passes through the Park. This work was prosecuted continuously and was finally completed toward the end of December; careful attention was paid to the grades, and fire-hydrants were placed on the two high points, one along the driveway just east of the Museum build- ing and the other nearly in front of the eastern green house; these pipes were tested under high pressure before being covered. (303 ) The positions of all sewers, drainpipes and waterpipes laid have been carefully plotted on a map, as determined by actual surveys as the work progressed, so that there shall be no un- certainty about this important matter in the future. Grading. Grading operations have been for the most part confined to work in the immediate vicinity of the buildings, the surplus material being utilized for filling, in the preparation of the subgrades for roads and paths. All buildings have been made secure against winter storms by establishing slopes away from them sufficient to shed water. The slopes about the Power House have been finished and planted and a temporary service road for coal delivery has been built from the rear of that building to the Southern Boulevard. The steep stone retaining wall at the south side of the Boulevard opposite the Power House has been masked by dumping earth against it so as to form a slope; this is not yet quite completed, but a few days work in the spring will finish it and thus remove a very unsightly and dangerous feature. The terrace around the Museum Building is nearly com- pleted, requiring only some shaping, top-soiling and sodding to finish it. The grading between the Museum building and the railroad station is well advanced and may be completed early in the spring in time for planting; the space planned for the fountain in front to the Museum has also been brought to approximately finished grade. Part of the filling required in building the two driveway approaches to the front of the Museum Building has been made, as well as a part of the ex- cavation. All this work of pipelaying and grading has been under the supervision of Col. F. A. Schilling, General Foreman since his appointment in July. Considerable work remains to be done around the Museum Building before the final surfaces are secured, but as much of it is rock excavation, some progress can be made during the present winter. 304 ) The heaviest piece of grading in our plan is around the eastern end of the Range of Horticultural Houses in order to establish the desired surfaces. Work on this may proceed as opportunity offers. . Roads and Paths. Under a contract of the Department of Parks with Mr. J. B. Devlin, awarded in June, by means of an appropriation voted by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment in 1897, work in road and path building was commenced early in July. This contract included the building of the plaza facing the railroad station, the building of the path between this plaza and the west wing of the Museum, the building of the path extending south from the east wing of the Museum to the driveway, and the filling necessary for the building of the driveway from the plaza southeast to where it crosses the aqueduct; the contract also included the construction of the necessary drain pipes and catch basins provided by the gen- eral plan. The work was continuously prosecuted and was completed early in December; it was very carefully inspected by Chief Ulrich and his assistants and is pronounced by ex- peris to be one of the best pieces of Telford-MacAdam con- struction built in the city. The approximate cost was $14,000. Two paths connecting those to the Museum wings built under the Devlin contract with the Museum basement doors are being built by us in the same general style, and we have made the subgrades and laid some of the foundation for part of the path planned to connect the station plaza with the Southern Boulevard. By means of an unexpended balance on appropriations for the improvements of parks and parkways, Mr. Devlin was awarded another contract by the Commissioners of Parks in November; this contract provides for the building of drive- ways from the station plaza to the Southern Boulevard, and around the Museum Building as far as the lakes, together with the necessary accompanying drainage system, all as con- templated by our general plan, at a cost of about $20,000. (305 ) It is expected that work under this contract will be com- menced early in the spring. A further balance to the credit of this appropriation remains, which may be utilized in ad- ditional road building. Care of the Grounds. Although the grounds have been visited by many thousand people no depredations worthy of serious attention have been committed. The plantations have been watched by the gardeners on Sundays and holidays in addition to the police patrol. The Hemlock Forest has been guarded by a keeper nearly throughout the season, who has also gathered up the papers and other refuse which still continue to be scattered by picnic parties, in spite of posted notices and verbal re- monstrance, and this is the only nuisance that we have had to contend with; we do not know how to curb or control this vicious habit of people who are otherwise neat and orderly ; the placing of receptacles for them to place refuse in has been seriously considered, but the experience elsewhere where this has been tried is not encouraging, inasmuch as it could not be enforced without filling the woods with guards. Inasmuch as the picnicing of many more persons than those who have hitherto used the Grove for this purpose will be a menace to the natural undergrowth, and from the prox- imity of the tree-roots to the surface, a danger to the trees themselves, it now appears to me desirable to forbid picnicing in this forest. This will be no great deprivation to visitors, because there lies, just to the south, and on both sides of the river, over one hundred acres of forest land of the park, which might well be regarded as a pleasure grounds. The grass of the tract was cut by our gardeners and labor- ers and stacked for fodder for our horses. Lawn-mowers have been used immediately around most of the plantations. The Surroundings of the Range of Horticultural Houses. Plans for the detailed development of the grounds in the vicinity of the Range of Horticultural Houses have been ap- (306) proved by the Board of Managers and by the Commissioner of Parks of the Borough of the Bronx, during the year, after a prolonged study. They contemplate the building of a traffic road from the Southern Boulevard, near the Power House, west and south of these buildings near the line of St. John’s College property to meet the Southern Boulevard again opposite the southern end of the Herbaceous Grounds, and also a park driveway, parallel with the traffic road and be- tween it and the buildings, these two roads to take the place of the Southern Boulevard along its straight stretch between the Horticultural Houses and the Museum Building; also a carefully prepared system of path approaches to these houses and the necessary accompanying grading. The Board of Managers has requested the Commissioner of Parks to apply to the Board of Estimate and the Munic- ipal Assembly for an appropriation of $200,000.00 for the making of these improvements and for the completion of the Range of Horticultural Houses. The Commissioner has asked an opinion from the Corporation Counsel relative to the powers of the Board of Estimate in this connection, but this opinion has not yet been rendered. There is no doubt that this is the most important new con- struction work in the development of the Garden, and the construction of at least one of these roads and of parts of the path system is almost imperatively necessary during the year. Library. Books for the Library, which had been accumulating in the temporary office since 1896 were moved into the Museum Building in August. At the last Annual Meeting the Board of Managers author- ized a subscription of $5,000 for the purchase of books, with special reference to works not in the Botanical Library of Co- lumbia University. The sum was subscribed as follows: (307 ) Mr. Wm. E. Dodge $1.000.00 Mr. D. O. Mills....0 occ ccccc ccc ccccceeccce seeeeeees 1.000.00 Mr. Andrew Carnegie 1.000.00 Mr. J. eae Morgan 1.000.600 Mr. Wim. C. Schermerhorn.....cccccccccecseesees 500.00 Hon. Chas. Pp. Daly 100.00 Mr. Samuel Sloan 100.00 Hon. oe BE OW We viene annua Gecaae 100.00 TNE ra CO cohen ttre aes coe Geen ans ahaa rs 100.00 Dr. N. L. Britton 100.00 $5,000.00 Volumes aggregating 490 have been bought by means of this fund through an expenditure of $1,916.65. Under the appropriation for Library, 54 volumes have been bought, and 657 volumes have been received through gifts and exchanges, the total number of volumes added to the Library during the year being 1201, together with over 1250 pamphlets and parts. Considerable binding has been done. The gift by the New York Academy of Medicine of 203 volumes of books from the library of the late Dr. David Hosack, is especially noteworthy. This collection includes many very rare works of the last century, now seldom to be obtained. Special attention has been paid to obtaining agricultural and horticultural works, and many volumes have been secured through exchanges. Mr. Nash, General Assistant, acted as Librarian during the first part of the year, and Professor MacDougal, First Assistant, has taken charge of the books since his appoint- ment in July. The Scientific Directors have authorized the appointment of a regular librarian for 1g00. Museums and Herbarium. The accumulation, preparation and mounting of specimens has proceeded continuously throughout the year. Over 70,- 000 specimens have been secured, mainly by gifts. Specimens mounted for the Herbarium aggregate the enormous number of 115,600, an increase certainly unprecedented in any American herbarium. ] WwW hn & RAN NHN Ow & 1 (386 ) LIST OF FAMILIES IN THE HERBACEOUS COLLECTION. With the number of genera and species in each. Sp. an Liliaceae Li abia Sarnia eee TOaSACEEE oo... cece seer ee eeneee Lobeliaceae. Lycopodiaceae.............6 sthraceae eae .. Nyctaginaceae...... cece Nymp Onagracea e Ophioglossaceae .. H ies) Lal NN BPN DAR WH HN NSN FHM NO HN Ny 4 Oo is) N (387 ) Gen. Sp. Rubiaceae wo... cece 8 28 Rutaceae I I I Tr Scrophulariaceae ............ 16 67 Selaginellaceae..........0..... I 2 LIST OF FAMILIES IN THE FRUTICEUM. Smilaceae S olanaceae Sparganiaccae... I 1 I 7 26 Urticaceae I Valeri Verbenaceae Violaceae With the number of Genera and Species in each. Gen. Sp. 2 5 al WwW fal 9 os OD at] we ON HH eH NR YY WW mee ATR Dm HON ONO WH HOP NH DOAN Clethraceae Compositae..... Cornaceae Drupaceae ..........ceee eee Elaecagnaceae..........-...006 Bricaceae W NH NH ra fo) PACCAG Essie Ve eae Grossulariaceae............... ma idaceae..........0.. - Hippocastanaceae ........... ypericaceae. icaceae HA HOH ON WOW uraceae Joganiaceae .. Malvaceae rbenaceae. Laat ipl BN AHH DH eB H lo) @® NH HAN RN HP DH DW LIST OF FAMILIES IN THE ARBORETUM (INCLUDING THE PINETUM). With the number of Geuera and Species in each. Gen. Sp. ACeraceae saci JI Io A 2 3 Araliaceae Betulaceae PNW THe Hw DW ( 388 ) Gen. Sp. Gen. Sp I r 10 I I I I I 2 6 14 2 3 I 2 I 9 5 22 3 1p 2 3 I r 2 6 I I I I x 2 I I I I I 2 2 9 I 6 I I I 2 2 5 I I 3 3 2 6 LIST OF FAMILIES IN VITICETUM. With the number of Genera and Species in each. Gen. Sp Gen. Sp. Aristolochiaceae......... I I Papilionaceae....... tie 2 4 Asclepiadaceae...... I I Passifloraceae......,... I I aprifoliaceae........ : I 3. Polygomaceae............ I I Celastraceae ........ 0.0. T 3 Ranunculacea sa aetanets I 8 Convolvulaceae........ ‘ 2 3 Rosaceae......... ie eee I 3 Dille AC eae a eGiewsrs I I Smilaceae....... sedan sia I I Diosco AC ras sede I I Solanaceae .........-veee 2 2 Lardizabalaceae ......... I I Vitace sola ate tea Gre 3 8 Menispermaceae......... 2 3 LIST OF FAMILIES IN THE NURSERIES AND BORDERS. Species not represented in other eas With the number of Genera and Species in eac Gen. Sp. Gen. Spe Aceraceae I 7 Clethraceae. I I I 51 Compositae I I I I Convolvulaceae............. I I I I rnaceae I I I 2 Cucurbitaceae........ 3 4 2 2 Drupace I 12 Bignoniaceae.............06008 I 2 Ebenaceae I I Buxaccae 2 2 Elaeagnaceae..............00 2 2 Ca aesalpinace AO ior csseasnes sn 3 3 ace 7 3 5 20 Fagaceae 2 7. I 1 Grossulariaceac.............. I 8 (389) Gen. Sp. Hippocastanaceae............ I 2 Rosaceae Tlicaceae I 6 Salicaceae I I pindaceae I 3 Saxifragaceae Moraceae 2 3 heaceae Nymphaeaceae .............4. 2 16 Thymeleaceae ..........eee Oleaceae 2 Tiliaceae oo... ccececceceeesecenene Papilionaceae meee Io 29 Ulmaceae.....cccccccececee eunee PINACEAG has Sache weit econ tease 8 22 [h:belliferae Po 4 13 Vacciniaceae ......... eee Ranunculaceae ............... 3: (52 NMitacede co ciesesdeiievesiees’ Rhamnaceae 4 a % HN HN RRR HN | mW ROH WW NH AH LIST OF FAMILIES IN THE TEMPORARY GREEN- HOUSE. With the number of Genera and Species in each. Gen. Sp. A 9 Droseraceae AIZOACEAE ... eee eee eee eens r 2 Ebenaceae Amaryllidaceae 8 16 Erythrox ynaceae 6 6 Euphorbi Araceae yi Io Fagaceae Araliaceae oo... ceeeeee eee I r Gentianaceae.............00 Aristolochiaceae.............. I 2 Geraniaceae Asclepiadaceae ............... 4 16 Gesneriaceae Begoniaceae I 35 Gramineae... Boraginaceae -.......e eee I 1 Hydrophyllaceae Bromelinaceae................. 3 10 Tridaceae But L La biatae sciacissctsiniceiicackes actaceae I2 160 Liliaceae Caesalpinaceae ..........5. I 4 Loganiaceae Campanulaceae............... 2 2 Lythraceae ive T I Malvaceae. CaATICACEAE. 00... ccsecece ceceee I I M t Cneoraceae I I Melastomaceae Combretaceae .............06.. I I {MOSACEAE..... ee eeee eee Commelinaceae .............. 3 4 Moraceae ...... ee ‘ee Compositae 5 5 Musaceae Convallariaceae .............. 3 6 Convolyulaceae ............-. 2 3 Cornaceae T I Crassulaceae 6 19 Cucurbitaceae.............00. 3 3 yatheaceae ......eecceeeeee I I Cycadacea 2 4 Cyperaceae 4 5 7) ® B a Ve Hm OW BH NW HHH DH HH No HN WwW wo + N i HOON DO HNO BP HN WN HW BF HR E Gen. Papaveraceae.........-.eseeeee I Papilionaceae...........-- II I 2 5 I I 2 15 I Primulaceae 2 Rosaceae I Rubiaceae ........... eee 2 LIST OF FAMILIES UNDER CULTIVATION IN (39°) Rutaceae VARIOUS PLANTATIONS. With the number of Genera and Species in each. Gen. Acanthaceae 8 Aceraceae I Aizoaceae. 3 Alismaceae 2... cee I Amaranthaceae. 3 Amaryllidaceae 14 Ambrosiaceae.........sseseeee 3 Anacardiaceae........ceceees 3 Anonaceae I APOCY NACE’ oo... eee eee 8 Araceae. 14 Araliaceae 6 Aristolochiaceae.............. 3 Asclepiadaceae. ............... 8 Balsaminaceae..............5- I Basellace I Be J 6 7 2 12 3 I 2 12 4 I Chenopodiaceae ............. Cichoriaceae . is Cneoraceae. Cornaceae Crassulaceae . ruciferae Cucurbitaceae Cc 4h Cx cadaceae Cyperaceae ft Diapensiaceae Dilleniaceae Gen. Sp. 2 3 I I 2 2 I I 5 5 I 4 4 7 2 3 2 2 I I I I I I 3 3 THE Gen. Sp. I 4 3 19 I 2 2 5 Io 666 I I 13 go I UL 4 13 17 58 2 4 I 4 I I I I 5 Io 93 298 I2 26 2 12 3 «12 8 45 23,0 «S53 6 7 I I 2 4 6 40 2 2 I I Lardizabalaceae .............. Lauraceae Lentibulariaceae ............ Liliaceae Lobeliaceae Loganiaceae ...... eee Lycopodiaceae .......e. eee Lythraceae Magnoliaceae ..... diotig asaads oO wHoNH NAH GB H wn NW COHN PHM NH Ae HWW ow Pn WONT HOW w aa (391 ) Sp Gen I 2 23 5 2 2 29 2 2 6 9 I 3 3 3r 2 I 6 44 nagraceae 15 26 Ophioglossaceae ...........4 2 4 Orchidaceae 30 4 Osmundaceae *.........cceee I 28 idac I 3 j II I I 2 7 125 59 1g I I 3 2 13 5 I £ I 6 I 12 3 II 4 26 8 10 25 6 15 123. Pontederiaceae................ 2 1 Portul 4 2 Primulaceae 8 2 2 1IO 22 6 I 2 BS) I 33 4 10 3 utacea 8 4 Galicaceae oo... eee 2 8 Santalaceae I 46 Sapind 4 7 Saraceniaceae............. I 4 Saururaceae I Iq Saxifragaceae.... ee II 3 Schizaeaceae oo... I 3 Scrophulariaceae ............ 20 Gen. Sp I 6 T I I 2 ac 14 37 Sparganiaceae .............66 I I taphyleaceae.............660+ I 3 Sterculiaceae ...............048 2 3 tyracaceae. 3 4 Tamaricaceae..........c00 I 3 Taxaceae I 6 Theacea 4 5 niall ee Te I 4 Tiliac 2 6 Troch eee 5 eoberisitaine I I ropaeolaceae I I Gen. Sp. Ulmacea 12 Umbelliferae.............50000 31 60 Urticaceae ........cececceeeaee 4 5 ACCINIACEAE 0.0... eee seer 3 5 Valerianaceae ............0000 4 8 V 6 «1 Violaceae 2 38 Vitaceae 3 9 Zinziberaceae .....cs:eeeeeeee 3 3 Families 172 1059 3692 Wild Flora, species not re- presented in any of the plantations 328 Total species and varieties 4020 WILD FLORA. (Additions to the List published in Bulletin No. 4.) Subkingdom 3.—BRYOPHYTA. EPHEMERACEAE. Ephemerum spinulosum. BRUCHIACEAE. Pleuridium Sree WHISIACEAE. Weisia viridula. Astomum crispum. DICRANACEHAE. Dicranella heteromalla orthocarpa. minor. Dicranum fulvum. montanum. LEUCOBRYACEAE. Leucobryum glaucum albidum. FISSIDENTACEAE. Fissidens adiantoides minutulus DITRICHACEAE. Ditrichum tortile pusillum. TTIACEAE. Por Pottia truncatula. Tortula muralis. GRIMMIACEAE. Grimmia pilifera. apocarpa. rivularis. ORTHOTRICHACEAE, See falla Braunii. BRYACEAE. Bryum albicans. bim ornum. Aulacomnium heterostichum. al palustre. Bartramia pomiformis. POLYTRICHACEAE. Catharinea undulata GEORGIACEAE. Georgia pellucida. FONTINALACEAE. Dichelyma capillaceum. (393 ) LESKEACEAE. Rhonchostegium serrulat Anomodon rostratus. Plagiothecium ee pusil- tristis. um, Thelia hirtella. forma A Se ‘THUIDIACEAE. ei sen nent Sas 2 peice es Thuidium delicatulum. striate areas Ambly pees riparium, Entodon pene BRACHYTHECIACEAR. fluviatile. Brachythecium Novae-Angliae. minutissimum. Opes uit es Seine auc rutabulum. ifoliu HIvPNACEAE. Gee var. Eurhynchium strigosum. Patientiae. Subkingdom 4.—PTERIDOPHYTA. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. POLYPODIACEAE. Botrychium obliquum. Dryopteris cristata. Subkingdom 5.—-SPERMATOPHYTA, PINACEAE. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Picea Mariana. Chrysosplenium Americanum. GRAMINEAE. GERANIACEAE. Aristida ane Geranium Carolinianum. Panicum Ashei OXALIDACEAE. LILIACEAE Oxalis stricta. Allium Canadense. CALLITRICHACEAE. Callitriche palustris. JUGLANDACEAE. VERBENACEHAE. Verbena hastata. Hicoria glabra. POLYGONACEAE. ‘i ‘ SCROPHULARIACEAE. Rumex Britannica. Chelone glabra. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. : . PLANTAGINACEAE. Dianthus Armeria. Plantago major. RANUNCULACEAE. LOBELIACEAE. Batrachium in ae Lobelia Canadensis. Ranunculus abortivus cardinalis CRUCIFERAE. CICHORIACEAE. Arabis laevigata. Hieracium scabrum. ( 394 ) ACCESSIONS OF MATERIAL. Plants. Specimens. W.E. Britton, Rubus rosaefolius, exchange, Bobbink & Atkins, tree paeonies, collection, purchased,.... 75 Theo. Holm, Pinus Virginiana, donated, ..............0.0665 I H. A. Dreer, collection, purchased, 28 T. Meehan & Sons, collection of Conifers, purchased,. .... 220 Edw. Gillett, herbaceous perennials, 225 L. Boehmer, collection of Japanese shrubs, purchased,..... 251 W. Elliott & Sons, roses and other shrubs, purchased,...... 220 Henry A. Smith, 77pularia unifolia, donated I . C. Moon, collection, purchase 135 D. T. MacDougal, Aplectrum spicatum, donated,........... 200 N. L. Britton, herbaceous perennials collected at Bedford, donated ? . T. MacDougal, herbaceous perennials, collection, do- nated, W. T. Brotherton, AYzum sps., donated N. L. Britton, herbaceous perennials, donated N. L. Britton, Cyperus esculentus, donated W.N. Clute, ferns, donated, Marion Satterlee, ferns, donated Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, seedlings of trees and shrubs, donated David G. Gates & Co., Dawson pine, donated i. H. Rusby, herbaceous perennials, donated J. H. Maghee, Canadian Yews, donated Chas. Patin, orchids from U. S. of Colombia, donated, .... Mrs. C. A. Wood, Cypripedium regina, donated, Wm. N. Clark, Dionaea muscipula, donated E. E. Olcott, Huphorbdéa, donated J. F. Cowell, white-leaved willow, donated . L. Fenno, Ledum Groenlandicum, donated C. E. Bessey, Cacti, donated, Mr. Dempke, herbaceous perennials exchange Miss Emma J. Cole, Iola ovata from Michiaan, donated, L. M. Underwood, /svetes sp., Connecticut, donated Miss Frances M. Abbott, grasses from New Hampshire, do- nated, . ol WwW An pp aN on i i a. in) (395 ) Specimens. H. P. Kelsey, Leleum Carolini , donated, I N. L. Britton, herbaceous perennials from Columbus, Ohio, donated, 10 F. = Lloyd, Quamassia esculenta, donated, ..........6.s600s I L. M. Underwood, .Versilia guadréfolia from Connecti- cut, oe eee 5 Geo. V. Nash, herbaceous perennials, donated, 14 uss, Conifers from the Berkshires, donated, poe aeaats 4 Mis Marshall, herbaceous perennials, donated 2 e, Hcheverias and Afarantas, donated,........... 4o D, T. MacDougal, Philotria sp. from Minnesota, donated, I «A. Riedinger, Oleander, rubber plants, etc., donated,....... 13 S. Henshaw, Centaurea marttima, donated 1 G. N. Best, /soetes Dodge? irom Pennsylvania, donated, 2 G.N. Best, Prxus pungens, donated IO H. P. Kelsey, hardy plants, donated 438 H. 8. Wood, hardy perennials, donated (J. W. Duncan),.. 450 C. L. Pollard, Ligodium palmatum, donated I C. D. Fretz, Violets, purchased 5 E. S. Miller, Cacti, etc., donated 50 J. L. Childs, Lilies, purchased 144 Mys. Mace, greenhouse pa donated 4 Mr. Scheninger, ‘‘ ft 4 S. Ww. Harriot, - - 3 Dr. Spruce, es “6 fC velad mee eadiee QakGdy 3 Mr. Thayer, te 7 Re rere re terre $ Mr. Cleary, es ee I Peter Henderson & Son, miscellaneous bulbs, donated,...... 3,000 By te from Berlin seed, secured by exchange,... 2,000 ‘© Cambridge seed, secured by Exchauce, 2,600 “ ‘© Smith College seed, secured by ex- change, 400 11,558 Seeds. Packets. Royal Botanic Garden, Berlin, by exchange, 1,600 . Cockerell, Zénvan from Organ Mountains, do- nated, and seeds from Arizona, donatec Peter Henderson & Co., miscellaneous collection, donated,.. 50 (396 ) Specimens. Cambridge Botanic Garden, by exchange Chas. Patin, from U. S. of Colombia, donated Boston Fruit Co., cocoanuts in husk, donated C. E. Bessey, Cactus, donated, Miss H. S. Wingate, Amoena from Cuba, donated, Prof. C. S. Williamson, collection, donated, .......,.......000.. Wm. Saunders, Canadian plants, donated J. S. Childs, collection, purchased L. H. Lighthipe, collection, purchased Weeber & Don, perennials, purchased D. 8. Johnson, AZonotropa uniflora, donated 2,000 9 100 (397 ) SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES DURING 1899 UNDER APPROPRIATIONS MADE BY THE BOARD OF MANAGERS. City Maintenance Account $20,000.00 rH SALARIES AND LABOR. Appropriated $26,268.29 Expended 26,268.29 SUPPLIES. Appropriated 3573-71 Expended 3,730.21 Balance 1.50 Garvin Accounts. Equipment of Stable. A ae eee | DL Ir Expended Balance Lingineering Advice. Appropriated 200.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Museum and Herbarium Material .................. 5.00 Expended 165.00 Transferred to Appropriation for Special Assistance 40.00 Purchase and Collection of Plants. Appropriated......... 300.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Pub- lications . 40.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Museum and Herbarium Material . 5.00 Pix pended speatesnas cess tescesnsteci se tieohoancaead Balances. svcetecsdi ie sb viaes oes 850.00 $21.88 28.12 205.00 205.00 ( 398 ) Operating Temporary Greenhouse. A pene aap | pproy 300.00 Expended 226.69 Balance 73.31 Circulars and Notices to Annual Members. A ppropriated 400.00 Expended 394.21 Balance 5.79 Museum and Herbarium Material. Appropriated $ 2,500.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Orna- mentation End Pavilions of Museum.. 500.00 3,000.00 Expended 2,840.46 Transferred to Appropriation for Grading and Drainage 125.00 Transferred to Appropriation for Purchase and Collection of Plants 5.00 Transferred to Appropriation for Engineer- ing Advice 5-00 2,975.46 Balance 24.54 Lectures. Appropriated 150.00 Expended 108.00 Transferred to Appropriation for Library .. 42.00 150.00 Publications. Appropriated 500.00 Expended 458.11 Transferred to Appropriation for Purchase and Collection of Plants ................05 40.00 498.11 Balance.... 1.89 Library. Appropriated 600.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Lec- tures 42.00 642.00 Expended 639.50 Balance...... 2.50 (399 ) fent of Bedford Park House. Appropriated 455.00 Expended 455-00 Special Assistance. Appropriated 400.00 Transferred from Appropriation for En- gineering Advice 40.00 440.00 Expended 436.00 Balance 4.00 Contingent Fund. Appropriated 1,100.00 Expended 1,097.10 Balance 2.90 Plans. Appropriated 750.00 Expended 750.00 Water Pipe. Appropriated 3,000.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Tele- phone Cable, Museum to Power House 147.20 3,147.20 EEX pended | suc deesueices tage terete Geotcnipnecen 3,142.03 Balance “5.34 Equipment of the Laboratories. Appropriated 1,000.00 Expended 997-11 Balance 2.89 Telephone Cable, Aluseum to Power House. Appropriated 147.20 Transferred to Appropriation for Water Pipe 147.20 ( 400 ) Ornamentation E-end Pavilions of Museum. Appropriated 500.00 Transferred to Appropriation for Museum and Herbarium Material 500.00 Grading and Drainage. Appropriated 1,000.00 Transferred from Appropriation for Mu- seum and Herbarium Material........... 125.00 1,125.00 Expended 1,123.79 Balance 1.21 Total Appropriated for Garden Accounts $14,152.20 Total Expended for Garden Accounts 13,995.74 Balance ............. $ 156.46 SpPEcIAL Boox Funp. Subscriptions $4,950.00 Expendit 1,916.65 Balance $3,033.35 Puerto Rico Funp—SPECcIAL. Appropriated 1898 $ 750.00 Returned by N. L. B 350.00 Expended 1898 $1,071.00 Appropriated 1899 4750.00 Returned by N. L. B 87.37 Expended 1899 866.37 $1,937-37 $1,937-37 (401 ) REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PATRONS, FELLOWS AND MEMBERS. (Presented and Accepted January, 8, 1900.) To tue Boarp oF MANAGERS OF THE NEw YorkK BoTan- ICAL GARDEN. Gentlemen: The number of new annual members who have qualified during the past year is 165. The total number of annual members is now 715. Of these 6 are in arrears for dues for 1899; 7 are in arrears for dues for 1898 and 1899; and 2 are in arrears for dues for 1897, 1898 and 1899. Annual dues have been collected to the amount of $7,200, which has been transmitted to the Treasurer as received. One person has qualified as Patron by the payment of $5,000. ‘Two persons have qualified as Fellows by the pay- ment of $1,000 each, and 67 as Life Members by the pay- ment of $100 each. These sums have been transmitted to the Treasurer for credit to the Endowment Fund. A complete list of Patrons, Fellows, Life Members, and Annual Members to date is herewith submitted. NEw YorK, January 8, 1900. PATRONS. Hon. Addison Brown, Andrew Carnegie, Columbia College, James M. Constable, * Hon. Chas. P. Daly, Wm. E. Dodge, Geo. J. Gould, Helen M. Gould, Mrs. Esther Herrman, John S. Kennedy, D. O. Mills, * Deceased. J. Pierpont Morgan, Oswald Ottendorfer, James R. Pitcher, John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, m. C. Schermerhorn, Jas. A. Scrymser, Samuel Sloan, * Cornelius Vanderbilt, Mrs. Antoinette Eno Wood. ( 402 ) FELLows. Mrs. Melissa P. Dodge, C. P. Huntington, David B. Ivison, Morris K. Jesup, John Innes Kane, Hon. Seth Low, F. F. Thompson, Samuel Thorne, Tiffany & Co., H. C. von Post. Lire MEMBERS. Edward D. Adams, Mrs. James Herman Aldrich, Richard H. Allen, Samuel P. Avery, Samuel D. Babcock, Dr. John Hendley Barnhart, Samuel R. Betts, George C. Boldt, Frederic Bronson, E. Dwight Church, Geo. C, Clark, Banyer Clarkson, Melville C. Day, Miss Julia L. Delafield, Maturin L. Delafield, Jr., Miss Ethel Du Bois, Miss Katharine Du Bois, Wm. A. Du Bois, Newbold Edgar, David L. Einstein, Andrew Fletcher, Col. DeLancey Floyd-Jones, James B. Ford, Mrs. Theodore Kane Gibbs, James J. Goodwin, ] . M. Grosvenor, Bernard G. Gunther, Frederic R. Halsey, H. O. Havemever, Very Rev. E. A. Hoffman, George B. Hopkins, Adrian Iselin, Walter R. T. Jones, Eugene Kelly, W. B. Kunhardt, Mrs. George Lewis, W. HH. Lewis, Jr., Joseph Loth, David Lydig, Wun. H. Macy, Jr., Edgar L. Marston, A. G. Mills, Roland G. Mitchell, John G. Moore, A. Lanfear Norrie, Gordon Norrie, Geo. M. Olcott, Geo. Foster Peabody, James Tolman Pyle, M. Taylor Pyne, Geo. W. Quintard, Jacob Monroe Rich, H. H. Rogers, Reginald H. Sayre, Edward C. Schaefer, Isaac N. Seligman, Francis L. Stetson, Miss C. Phelps Stokes, Miss Olivia E. Phelps Stokes, Wi. Stewart Tod, Spencer Trask, Miss Susan Travers, Henry Freeman Walker, M.D., ( 403 ) John I. Waterbury, John D. Wing, ANNUAL MEMBERS. Robert Abbe, M.D., A. G. Agnew, Mrs. Cornelius R. Agnew, John T. Agnew, C. L. Allen, Wm. C. Alpers, Bernard G. Amend, J. Sherlock Andrews, Miss Mary Appleton, John D. Archbold, James Armstrong, Francis B. Arnold, Edmund S. F. Arnold, M.D., Reginald H. Arnold, Hugh D. Auchincloss, John W. Auchincloss, George C. Austin, Samuel P. Avery, Jr., Mrs. Elizabeth Bache, Mrs. N. P. Bailey, Frederic Baker, Geo. V. A. Baldwin, Robert F. Ballantine, Ewald Balthasar, Amzi Lorenzi Barber, William Barr, E. W. Bass, Chas. Batchelor, Thos. H. Bauchle, Alfred N. Beadleston, Chas. C. Beaman, Gerard Beekman, eers, August Belmont, Geo. H. Bend, James H. Benedict, no. R. Bennett, Mrs, Adolph Bernheimer. Chas L. Bernheimer, Simon Bernheimer, Simon E. Bernheimer, Edward J. Berwind, Henry Beste, Francesco Bianchi, Eugene P. Bicknell, L. Horatio Biglow, Isaac Bijur, Miss Elizabeth Billings, Geo. Blagden, Mrs. Birdseye Blakeman, Louis H. Blakeman, Mrs. S. A. Blatchford, Geo. T. Bliss, Jno. H. Bloodgood, Lyman G. Bloomingdale, Albert G. Bogert, Frank S. Bond, G. T. Bonner, Hon. H. W. Bookstaver, Geo. 8. Bowdoin, John M. Bowers, Jj. Bramwell, Michael Brennan, M. P. Breslin, Miss Cornelia G. Brett, Mrs. Benjamin Brewster, Marvin Briggs, Chas. Astor Bristed. John I. D. Bristol, W. F. Brittain, Mrs. Harriet Lord Britton, Mrs. Kate M. Brookfield, John Crosby Brown, Robert Brown, W.L. Brown, W. P. Brown, F. W. Bruggerhof, H. B. Brundrett, Mrs. William Bryce, Albert Buchman, James Buckhout, Wn. Allen Butler, John Cabot, M.D., John L. Cadwalader, George Calder, Emil Calman, Henry L. Calman, W. L. Cameron, H. H. Cammann, Henry L. Cammann, S. T. Cannon, Mrs. Miles B. Carpenter, James C. Carter, Walter S. Carter, W. Caspary, John W. Castree, John H. Caswell, Frank R. Chambers, Chester W. Chapin, Geo. E. Chisolm, Mrs. Wm. E. Chisolm, Jared Chittenden, ( 404 ) Wm. G. Choate, W. F. Chrystie, John K. Cilley, John Claflin, J. Mitchell Clark, William N. Clark, C. C. Clarke, Frederick Clarkson, John W. Cochrane, Miss Mary F. Cockcroft, N Colburn, Mrs. James B. Colgate, P. F. Collier, F. Collingwood, Miss Ellen Collins, Mrs. Wm. Combe, Alexander T. Compton, Roland R. Conklin, Wm. L. Conyngham, C. F. Cook, Mrs. C. T. Cook, Henry H. Cook, Edward Cooper, Chas. J. Coulter, Albert Crane, Geo. F. Crane, Jonathan H. Crane, Mrs. Jonathan H. Crane, Francis Crawford, Robert L. Crawford, H. G. Crickmore, ohn D. Crimmins, Frederic Cromwell, Jas. W. Cromwell, Edwin A. Cruikshank, Chas. Curie, Chas. B. Curtis, Tra Davenport, Wm. Gilbert Davies, Clarence S. Day, H. de Coppet, Richard Deeves, Robert W. De Forest, D. Bryson Delavan, M.D., Charles de Rham, Thos. J. de Sabla, Theo. L. De Vinne, Mrs. Hugh T. Dickey, Geo. H. Diehl, Chas. F. Dieterich, Miss Mary A. Dill, Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, Morgan Dix, Cleveland H. Dodge, D. Stuart Dodge, Geo. E. Dodge, Miss Grace H. Dodge, Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge, Mrs. Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., C. W. Doherty, L. F. Dommerich, Mrs. Henry Dormitzer, James Douglass, Tracy Dows, John J. Drake, Matthew B. DuBois, John P. Duncan, Edward K. Dunham, ( 405 ) George H. Dunham, S. Whitney Dunscomb, Jr., Frank J. Dupignac, H. A. Du Pont, John S. Durand, J. B. Dutcher, Mrs. John Dwight, Thomas Dwyer, Dorman B. Eaton, Jarvis B. Edson, Miss Laura Jay Edwards, Henry G. Eilshemins, August Eimer, Mrs. Matilda A. Elder, Geo. W. Ellis, John W. Ellis, J. M. Ellsworth, Wm. Ellsworth, Wm. W. Ellsworth, John J. Emery, C. Temple Emmet, Robert Temple Emmet, John C. Eno, Louis Ettlinger, Richard Evans, yre, H. C. Fahnestock, Thos. H. Faile, Samuel W. Fairchild, Jas. C. Fargo, B. Fischer, Mrs. Josiah M. Fiske, Stephen Fiske, Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, Wm. L. Flanagan, Isaac D. Fletcher, Miss Helena Flint, A Edw. W. Foster, Mrs. A. Frankfield, Estate of Henry Gade, John A. Garver, Mrs. Martha F. Gay, Joseph E. Gay William H. Coil: S. J. Geoghegan, John J. Gibbons, Mrs. Hervey de Blois Gibson, R. W. Gibson, George Gill, Peter C. Gillings, Georges A. Glaenzer, Frederic N. Goddard, W. A. Goddard, Chas. H. Godfrey, Mrs. Edwin L. Godkin, Mrs. Frederic Goodridge, E. Read Goodridge, Francis Goodwin, Miss ‘Theodora Gordon, Malcolm Graham, Henry Graves, John Clinton Gray, Ernest F. Greeff, John Greenough, Isaac J. Greenwood, Rev. David H. Greer, Daniel J. Griffith, E. Morgan Grinnell, Chester Griswold, W. C. Gulliver, John A. Hadden, J. and M. Haffen, James D. Hague, Miss Laura P. Halsted, (406) Wm. Hamann, Miss Adelaide Hamilton, Chas. T. Harbeck, J. Montgomery Hare, S. W. Harriot, William Hamilton Harris, Marcellus Hartley, Jacob Hasslacher, Miss Mary R. Hatch, Louis Haupt, M.D., Jj. C. Havemeyer, G. G. Haven, J. Woodward Haven, R. Somers Hayes, Arthur H. Hearn, John G. Heckscher, L. A. Heinsheimer, Homer Heminway, Chas. R. Henderson, os. J. Henderson, Edmund Hendricks, Samuel Henshaw, Hon. Abram S. Hewitt, James J. Higginson, Geo. R. Hill, James K. Hill, Wm. K. Hinman, John H. Hinton, M.D., B. Hochschild, Mrs. George Hoffman, Abbott Hodgman, M.D., E. B. Holden, E. R. Holden, Henry Holt, Isaac A. Hopper, Burrett W. Horton, Alfred M. Hoyt, Gerald L. Hoyt, Samuel N. Hoyt, Gen. Thos. H. Hubbard, John E. Hudson, Alex. C. Humphreys, Edward T. Hunt, Mrs. Robert P. Huntington, Adolph G. Hupfel, Frank Hustace, John S. Huyler, Clarence M. Hyde. Frederick E. Hyde, Jr., Henry Iden, Jr., John B. Ireland, Adrian Iselin, Jr., Miss Georgine Iselin, Frederic Wendell Jackson, A. Jacobi, Robert Jaffray, A. C, James, D. Willis James, Robert C. James, M.D., Samuel M. Jarvis, . G. Jennings, Walter Jennings, James R. Jesup, Geo. Pryor Johnson, Adrian H. Joline, Mrs. John D. Jones, S. Nicholson Kane, Mrs. H. F. Kean, Mrs. A. B. Kellogg, Mrs. Chas. Kellogg, Thos. H. Kelly, Edward Kemp, Prof. J. F. Kemp, H. Van Rensselaer Kennedy, Mrs. Elizabeth C. Kenyon, Mrs. Catharine L. Kernochan, John B. Kerr, George A. Kessler, (407 ) Wm. Kevan, Saml. Keyser, David H. King, Jr., William F. King, William M. Kingsland, Gustave E. Kissel, Herman Knapp, Shepherd Knapp, Percival Knauth, Henry C. F. Koch, Chas. Kohlman, Julius G. Kugelman, Percival Ktihne, If. R. Kunhardt, Jr., Adolf Kuttroff, William M. Laffan, Francis G. Landon, Woodbury Langdon, J. D. Lange, Jesse Larrabee, Richard Lathers, John Burling Lawrence Richard H. Lawrence, ? Mrs. Samuel Lawrence, W_ V«. Lawrence, J. D. Lay Emanuel Lehman, Arthur L. Lesher, Julius Levine, Mrs. John VB. Lewis, Philip Lewisohn, Wm. 8. Livingston, Wm. C. Lobenstine, James Loeb, Prof. Morris Loeb, Walter S. Logan, Mrs. Daniel D. Lord, Franklin B. Lord, R. P. Lounsbery, Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell, meg, Charles H. Ludington, August Lueder, Walther Luttgen, Samuel H. Lyman, Mrs. Alida McAlan, C. W. McAlpin, Geo. L. McAlpin, John A. McCall, J. Jennings McComb, Mrs. W. H. McCord, John A. McCreery, M.D., Thos. A. McIntyre, Mrs. Jeannie McKewan, Gilbert H. McKibbin, Rev. Haslett McKim, Geo. William McLanahan, Dr. J. McMahon, Geo. R. MacDougall, W. W. MacFarland, . W. Mack, D. E. MacKenzie, Malcolm MacMartin, Chas. A. Macy, Jr., V. Everit Macy, J. H. Maghee, Alexander Maitland, Chas. Mallory, Howard Mansfield, Theophilus Marc, A. Marcus, Peter Marié, Henry G. Marquand, Chas. M. Marsh, Chas. H. Marshall. Louis Marshall, W.R. H. Martin, Brander Matthews, Robert Maxwell, (408 ) David Mayer, Harry Mayer, Mrs. Emma Mehler, Payson Merrill, Capt. Henry Metcalfe, J. Meyer, Thos. C. Meyer, Dr. Geo. N. Miller, S. M. Milliken, W. McMaster Mills, Peter Moller, John Monks, A. C. Monson, Alphonse Montant, Francis C. Moore, Wm. H. Helme Moore, Mrs. Daniel Moran, E. D. Morgan, George H. Morgan, A. H. Morris, A. Newbold Morris, Henry Lewis Morris, Geo. Austin Morrison Ed. M. Muller, Robert I. Murray, H. O. Moss, Isaac Myer, Nathl. Myers, Adam Neidlinger, Edward M. Neill, Wm. Nelson, Geo. G. Nevers bs Miss Catherine A. Newbold, Miss Edith Newbold, Frederic R. Newbold, Geo. L. Nichols, John Notman, Hon. James A. O’Gorman, E. E. Olcott, Robert Olyphant, ( 409 ) Mrs. Emerson Opdycke, Charles Raht, Wm. S. Opdyke, Geo. Curtis Rand, Adolphe Openhym, Gustav Ramsperger, Mrs. Wm. Openhym, Rastus S. Ransom, William C. Orr, Geo. R. Read, Prof. Henry F. Osborn, Wm. A. Read, 7. C. Osborn, G. H. Redmond, Mrs. W. H. Osborn, Whitelaw Reid, Lowell M. Palmer, John B. Reynolds, N. F. Palmer, Miss Serena Rhinelander, S. S. Palmer, John Harsen Rhoades, Henry Parish, Chas. Rice, Ph.D., John H. Parker, Auguste Richard, Henry V. Parsell, P. de P. Ricketts, Mrs. Phebe A. Parshall, Sam’! Riker, Charles Parsons, Wm. C. Rives, Mrs. Edwin Parsons, S. H. Robbins, John E. Parsons, Miss Mary M. Roberts, J. M. Patterson, Andrew J. Robinson, Alfred Pell, Frederick Rode, Miss Frances Pell, J. C. Rodgers, Wm. Hall Penfold, Edward L. Rogers, Geo. H. Penniman, N. C. Rogers, Samuel T. Peters, Noah C. Rogers, W.R. Peters, Theo. Rogers, Lloyd Phoenix, Leo Rosett, Phillips Phoenix, W. Emlen Roosevelt, Gottfried Piel, Elihu Root, Winslow S. Pierce, Jacob Rothschild, Gifford Pinchot, Wm. Rothschild, James W. Pinchot, George P. Rowell, Fred S. Pinkus, Jacob Ruppert, Gilbert M. Plympton, Mrs. A. D. Russell, Henry W. Poor, Chas. Howland Russell, C. A. Postley, Clarence Sacket, De Veaux Powel, Henry W. Sackett, Joseph M. Pray, Mrs. Edward C. Sampson, J. Dyneley Prince, L. F. Saumenicht, Chas. Pryer, Robt. W. Schedler, Percy R. Pyne Car! Schefer, Jas. H. Quintand, Robt. Schell, J. Egmont Schermerhorn, Miss Jane E. Schmelzel, Henry W. Schmidt, Paul G. Schoeder, Edward M. Scudder, Adolph Schwarzmann, Wm. F. Sebert, Mrs. Horace See, F. Seringhaus, Mrs. Angelica B. Shea, W. H. Sheehy, Edward M. Shepard, G. K. Sheridan, Gardiner Sherman, G. O. Shields, Robt. Simon, Chas. F. Smillie, James D. Smillie, Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, Edward A. Smith George W. Smith, John Jewell Smith, James R. Smith, Walter M. Smith, Hans Sommerhoff, Chas. Sooysmith, A. W. Soper, Samuel Spencer, Paul A. Spofford, Miss Anna Riker Spring, Dr. Edward Hamilton Squibb, John Stanton, J. R. Stanton, Jno. N. Stearns, James H. Stebbins, (410) James R. Steers, Benjamin Stern, Isaac Stern, Louis Stern, Alexander H. Stevens, Lispenard Stewart, Wm. R. Stewart, Jos. Stickney, Miss Clara F. Stillman, James Stokes, Mrs. J. O. Stone, Mason A. Stone, Sumner R. Stone, Chas. Strauss, cies Sturges, . K. Sturgis, ae Sturgis, Mrs. Geo. Such, John S. Sutphen, Frederick G. Swan, Albert Tag, Edward N. Tailer, C. A. Tatum, Miss Alexandrina Taylor, Stevenson Taylor, m. E. Tefft, John T. Terry, Ernest Thalmann, Anthony J. Thomas, Samuel Thomas, Robert M. Thompson, Walter Thompson, W. Gilman Thompson, M.D. Miss Phebe Anna Thorne, bees Thorne, . V. 8. Thorne, . L. Tiffany, Louis C. Tiffany, Albert Tilt, (411) E. Titus, Jr., Henry R. Towne, R. H. L. Townsend, R. W. Townsend, C. D. Tows, J. Evarts Tracy, Edwin D. Trowbridge, Alfred Tuckerman, Mrs. L. Tuckerman, Paul Tuckerman, Edward P. Tysen, E. S. Ullmann, , Miss Anna Murray Vail, Herbert Valentine, Mrs. Lawson Valentine, Cornelius Van Brunt, Chas. H. Van Brunt, E. H. Van Ingen, Alfred Van Santvoord, Edgar B. Van Winkle, Miss Elizabeth S. Van Winkle, j Vose, John Wagner, Hon. Salem H. Wales, Henry F. Walker, Antony Wallach, Wm. [. Walter, E. A. Walton, Wm. T. Wardwell, Allan C. Washington, Miss Emily A. Watson, H. Walter Webb, Mrs. John A. Weekes, Chas. Wehrhane, Camille Weidenfeld, R. E. Westcott, Geo. Westinghouse, Jno. M. E. Wetmore, M.D. Geo. G. Wheelock, M.D., Dr. Wm. E. Wheelock, Horace White, Stanford White, J. Henry Whitehouse, Worthington Whitehouse, Wm. Wicke, Edward A. Wickes, Franklin A. Wilcox, Robt. F. Wilkinson, David Willcox, Jno. T. Willets, Robt. R. Willets, G. G. Williams, Richard H. Williams, Mrs. Douw D. Williamson, Washington Wilson, Wim. G. Wilson, Egerton Winthrop, Grenville L. Winthrop, Mrs. Frank S. Witherbee, Ernest G. W. Woerz, A. Wolff, Emil Wolff, Lewis S. Wolff, Mrs. Cynthia A. Wood, John D. Wood, William Congdon Wood, Miss Cornelia S. Wray, W. H. Woolverton, Henry H. Wotherspoon, Andrew C. Zabriskie, O. F. Zollikoffer, (412) REPORT OF THE TREASURER. (Submitted and Accepted January 8, 1g00.) To rue Boarp oF MANAGERS oF THE New Yorx Bot- ANICAL GARDEN. Genilemen: Following is a statement of my Receipts and Disbursments during the calendar year 1899, and a Balance Sheet as of December 30, 1899. Recetpis. Balance on hand January 2, 1899......... Contributions to Endowment Fund...... Fellowship Fees Life Membership Fees Students’ Research Fund, from Fees........ City Maintenance, 10 months, January to ctober, inclusive Income from Investments, .................- Annual Dues Interest on Deposits Prizes Final Contribution of C. Vanderbilt to Puerto Rico Exploration Fund........ Contributions to Special Book Fund..... Proceeds $43,000 New York City Bonds IOL Disbursements. Paid for $50,000, Ches. & Ohio Genl. Mige. 414% Bonds @ 97% less ac- crued interest charged to income ac- count for $50,000 Southern Ry. 5% Bonds @ 109% less accrued interest......... for $50,000 Erie Ry. Prior Lien 4’s @ 92% less accrued interest......... $ 5.00 31-75 14.65 $47,875.00 54,604.17 46,145.84 $107,145.32 5,000.00 2,000.00 6,700.00 180.50 25,368.12 6,329.12 7,320.00 2,159.84 51.40 750.00 4,950.00 4313 76.25 $211,230.55 (413 ) a Director in Chief for Working Fund 5 000.00 ‘© account City Maintenance.. 25,368.12 te ‘¢ for Vouchers Paid............ 14,223.12 Paid R. W. Gibson for Plans............... 4750.00 Paid account Puerto Rico Exploration... 1,284.00 Paid for Books for Library, account Special Book Fund 1,880.75 197,131.00 Balance on Hand $14,099-5: 55 BaLance SHEET, DECEMBER 30, 1599. Dr. Lnvestments. Net cost of $110,000 New York City 3% Bonds.....109,623.75 $50,000 Erie Railroad Prior $50,000 Chesapeake & Ohio General Mortgage 4144 % Bonds 47,875.00 $50,000 Southern Railway 5% Bonds 54,004.17 $258,248.76 Construction, paid for plans not yet used.. 2,350.00 Income account (borrowed form Per- manent Funds) 4,141.44 Director in Chief, Working Fund........... 5,000.00 AGM oe ea yrerinaced wand meat cena ana ieee 14,099.55 $283,539.75 Cr. Endowment Fund $264,750.00 Fellowship fees $,000.00 Life membership fees 6,900.00 Students’ fees 180.50 Total, permanent funds $279,830.50 Balance Special Book Fund for Library 3,069.25 Balance Fund for Ellis collection 940.00 $2 283,839. 1839. 75 C. F. Cox, Zvreasurer. (474 ) REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS. (Submitted and accepted January 8, 1900.) To THE Boarp oF MANAGERS. Gentlemen: IT have the honor to submit herewith the report of the Board of Scientific Directors for the year now closing. The Scientific Directors have held four meetings. At the meeting of April 28, 1899, a very important step was taken in approving an outline of research courses to be offered by the officers of the New York Botanical Garden, and of Columbia University. This step established the educational work of the Garden upon a systematic basis and defined its standards. Advanced courses in almost all departments of Botany were authorized and their acceptability for advanced degrees in Columbia University was specifically stated. The fees for instruction were decided upon, and methods were approved whereby students unable to pay the fees might discharge their obligations in part by services rendered the Garden. The Scientific Directors also accepted an offer of twenty-five microscopes from Mr. William E. Dodge. The appointment of the Director-in-Chief, which had previously been for a term of three years, was made permanent. At the meeting of September 26th, a detailed report was submitted by the Director-in-Chief, setting forth the needs of the laboratories in the new Museum Building. The details of the estimates were carefully gone into by the Directors, and it was voted to recommend to the Board that $1,000 be appro- priated for this purpose. Most gratifying progress was also mentioned by the Director-in-Chief, in the installation of the Museum, labelling of outdoor collections, researches by members of the staff, and accessions of books and botanical material. The proposition to establish a monthly journal, under the auspices of the Garden was approved, and at the meeting of December 11th, was finally formulated for sub- mission to your Honorable Body. At the meeting of December 11th, certain changes in the staff of instructors necessitated by the illness of Dr. H. M (415) Richards were approved, and certain important rules were adopted for the government of the officers of the Garden. The general principle embodied in these rules is that the time of the officer belongs to the Garden, and that no outside work should be done without the written permission of the Director- in-Chief, and also that all writings of salaried officers of the Garden, intended for publication, should be approved by the Director-in-Chief before being printed. The final agree- ment between the Botanical Garden and Columbia Uni- versity regarding certain periodicals taken by the latter and deposited with the Garden, was ratified, and the purchase of meteorological apparatus for the recording of data at the Garden, beginning with January 1, 1900, was approved. Rules were adopted regarding the loaning of specimens and books from the collections or Library of the Garden, which are necessary to prevent the loss of valuable material. Steps were also taken to bring before your Honorable Body, the desirability of purchasing an additional collection from Mr. J. B. Ellis, of Newfield, N. J., which action has been duly reported in the regular routine. Important plans were ap- proved for the primary installation of the living plant collec- tions in the great conservatory of the Garden during the year 1g00. The necessity of making a proper display in the hor- ticultural-houses which are now approaching completion, has been deeply felt by the Board of Scientific Directors, and it is their ambition to carry out the scheme in a way that will seem worthy of the enterprise and of the city. From these general statements, it will be seen that although the Museum has not been completed for occupancy, yet the work of instruction of the Garden has already been begun. The Museum is so nearly finished, however, that all the pre- liminaries have been arranged to enable the Garden to enter upon one of the chief fields of its activity. It is doubtful whether any more important year in the history of the Gar- den will be passed than the one now closing. Very respectfully yours, SztH Low, Chairman. (416) AN OUTLINE OF RESEARCH SUBJECTS OFFERED BY THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN AND OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. Physiology of the Cell. Problems in the chemical and the physical properties, movements and irritability of unicellular and other generalized organisms. Laboratory. Doctor MacDougal. cology. Plants studied in relation to their environment. and the problems of evolution involved. Field and labora- tory; conferences. Professor Lloyd. Morphology of Algae. Study of the structure and devel- opment of the Algae. Field and laboratory. Doctor Howe. Morphology of Fungt. Study of the structure, polymor- phism and development of the Fungi, including culture methods. Field and laboratory. Professor Underwood. Morphology of Bryophyta. Study of the structure and development of Musci and Hepaticae. Field and laboratory. Professor Underwood; Mrs. Britton. Morphology of Pteridophyta. Study of the structure and development of Ferns and Fern-allies. Field and laboratory. Professor Underwood. Morphology of Spermatophyta. Study of the structure and development of the Flowering Plants. Field and labora- tory. Doctor Rydberg. Experimental Morphology. A study of variation of form and structure, and determination of the causes. Professor Lloyd. Taxonomy of Algae. Study of the diagnostic characters and relationships of the principal families and genera. Field, herbarium and laboratory work. Doctor Howe. Taxonomy of Fung?. Study of the diagnostic characters and relationships of the principal families and genera. Field, herbarium and laboratory work. Professor Underwood. Taxonomy of Bryophyta. Study of the diagnostic charac- ters and relationships of the principal families and genera. (417 ) Field, herbarium and laboratory. Professor Underwood ; Mrs. Britton. Taxonomy of Pteridophyta. Study of the diagnostic characters and relationships of the principal families and genera. Field, herbarium and laboratory. Professor Under- wood. Taxonomy of Spermatophyta. Study of the principal families and genera. Field, herbarium and laboratory. Doctor Britton, Doctor Small, Doctor Rydberg. Taxonomy of Gramineae. Study of the diagnostic char- acters and relationships of the principal genera. Field, her- barium and laboratory. Mr. Nash. Embryology of Spermatophyta. Comparative embryology of special groups. Special embryological problems. Tech- nique. Professor Lloyd. Special Taxonomy. Critical study of a family or genus of plants of not less than fifty species. The group may be chosen from the entire range of the vegetable world. Field, herbarium, laboratory and garden. Directed, according to the group chosen, by Professor Underwood, Doctor Howe, Doctor Britton, Doctor Small, Doctor Rydberg, Mr. Nash, Professor Burgess, Mrs. Britton. feegional Botany. Collection, determination and compara- tive study of the plants of some restricted area. Field, herba- rium and laboratory. Professor Underwood, Doctor Britton. Physiology of Nutrition. Treated from a chemical stand point. Doctor MacDougal. Ecological Physiology. Problems in adaptive reactions, in form, structure and movements to external energy and envi- ronmental factors. Field and laboratory. Doctor Mac- Dougal; Doctor Curtis ; Professor Lloyd. Phystologtcal Anatomy. Problems in the relationships of tissues and functions. Laboratory. Doctor Curtis. General Physiology. Problems in absorption, excretion, nutrition and transformations of energy, growth, the general irritable organization of the plant and mechanism of move- ment. Laboratory. Doctor MacDougal; Doctor Curtis. (418) REGULATIONS FOR THE ADMISSION AND REGIS- TRATION OF STUDENTS. A. Students registering at the Garden for the use of its Laboratories or Herbarium under the direction of any officer of instruction must satisfy the Director-in-Chief that they are competent to pursue studies which they desire to prosecute ; they will be required to pay a fee of fifteen dollars per hour, per week, per year up to ten hours per week, per year ($150.00), beyond which no charge will be made. The student ‘* year” will be taken at thirty-six weeks, and courses will ordinarily commence the first week in October. ZB. Students who may present statements satisfactory to the Director-in-Chief that they are unable to pay the required fees, may be permitted to do work on the collections, under the direction of the Curator of the Museums or of the Head Gardener, at an allowance of twenty-five cents per hour, or as an equivalent to the full fee of one hundred and fifty dol- lars, six hundred hours of such work; or they may supply specimens, plants or books desired for the collections in value equal to the amount of the fees, such valuation to be deter- mined by the Director-in-Chief. (419) BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. The Roots and Mycorhizas of some of the Monotropaceae. By D. T. MacDovuGat and Francis E. Lioyp. (With Plates ro, 11 and 12.) The members of the family Monotropaceae are chlorophyl- less without exception and have the roots sheathed with a heavy mycelial layer of an ectotropic fungus. The symbiosis between the fungus and the higher plant is complete, and this family exhibits the most marked adaptations to the mycorhizal habit of any of the seed-plants, and in them we may observe the extreme development of a physiological tendency which has recently been found to be so widespread. The adapta- tion in question appears to be of very ancient origin in this family and has been followed by very sweeping degenera- tions of the roots and shoots. Both members have been re- duced to such an extent that it would not be possible for any species of this family to endure an extended period in the ab- sence of the fungal symbiont. It is of interest to note that in AZonotropa is found the first known example of a mycorhiza, or adhesion of a fungus to the roots of a higher plant. This discovery dates back to 1832 when E. Fries wrote of the ‘fungus roots” of Jfono- tropa, which were clothed with a Zudurcinia (2). Since that time a score of investigators have touched upon various features of the morphology and physiology of Monotropa unifiora and Al. Hypoprlys. So far as the examination of the mycorhiza has been made attention has been paid chiefly to AZ. Hypopitys which is now placed in a separate genus. The development and mycorhizal adaptations of Sarcodes were described by Oliver in 1890 (6). Sarcodes, Schwesn- vtsta, Monotropa, Hypopitys, and Plerospora were treated as parasites by Chatin (1) in disregard of the accumulated evidence bearing upon the true nature of the group. Singu- larly enough this author does not hesitate to discuss the (420) physiology of the entire group although the mycorhizas, and the roots as well, of many of them were not observed. Ptero- spora was examined by MacDougal anatomically and observa- tions of its habits were made in the field during one season (5). A review of the various papers bearing upon the subject shows so many discrepancies of statement that it was deemed advisable to re-examine material of Prerospora, Sarcodes, fTypopitys and Monotropa, with a view to the determination of the comparative degeneration of the roots and the anatom- ical relations of the two symbionts. The material of Sar- codes was furnished by Dr. G. F. Peirce of Stanford Uni- versity, and includes young specimens taken at the beginning of the formation of the shoot, which do not show all the char- acters of Sarcodes sanguinea Torr., and possibly represent a new variety or an undescribed species of this genus. This may account in part for the disagreement of our results from those of Oliver (6). The shoots in this family are of course purely reproductive in their purpose, since all of the energy of the plant in the form of organic substances is taken in through the roots by the codperation of the sheathing fungus. As a consequence the ordinary 1elations of size and extension of the root and shoot systems disappear. Sarcodes exhibits a stem which may reach 35 cm. in height and 2 to § cm. in thickness, bearing numbers of fleshy scales and bracts liberally supplied with stalked glands. The root system is densely branched and the total bulk is greatly in excess of that of the aérial shoot, and also exceeds the bulk of the soil in the space occupied. Pierospora sends up a cylindrical stalk furnished with bracts and numerous glands reaching a height of 50 to 150 cm. and a diameter of .5 to r.1 cm. The root system is a small compact mass not more than two or three times the bulk of the basal section of the stem, and is totally inadequate to the mechanical fixation and support of the heavy aérial stalk. This stalk is, most anomalously, supplied with stomata. Monotropa and Hypopitys exhibit a heavy development of (421) underground roots, which exceed the reproductive stems in both bulk and weight and also completely fill the space they occupy almost to die exclusion of the humus soil in which they grow. These great variations in the comparative size of the root and shoot may be reconciled only in the light of the fact that the real absorbing organs are the branching strands and hyphae, which radiate from the sheathing mycelium, and that the size of the root system is one adapted to furnishing a suitable habitat to the ectotropic fungus and for the storage of surplus material. It is impossible to account for the pres- ervation of the large shoot with stomata in Prerospora with the data now at hand. It is important to call attention to the fact that the vegeta- tive period of the association, during which time food and therefore energy are being acquired, by no means coin- cides with the existence of the aérial shoot. The fungus coat- ing the roots may carry on absorption during the entire season when the temperature is above the freezing point, and the accumulated store is drawn upon by the higher plant for the formation of shoots only inlate summer. Growth and the formation of buds on the roots may proceed underground co- incident with the entire season of absorption of food. According to most of the writers who have touched upon this point, the roots of adult plants are adventitious and give rise to buds, which arise endogenously after the manner of the nearly related Pyrolaceae. This fact is confirmed by the evidence obtained from the genera under discussion. Main or primary roots would therefore be found on seedlings only. Members of this family have also lost the power of branching of the shoot, except so far as giving off the simple peduncles is concerned. The roots show branches of the second and third order in all the genera examined. The branches are arranged in five orthostichies in Sarcodes according to Oliver, in three or four in Aypopitys according to Kamienski, but no orthostichous condition may be recognized in Prerospora or Afonotropa, although Oliver credits the former with three (422) or four rows of branches. A series of transverse sections of the apical portion of a root of Monotropa 2mm. in length showed five branches separated from each other by very un- equal angles (Plate 10, Fig. 3) ; a condition to be expected in such a degenerate stele and with the roots arising in the outer cortex. The secondary roots of Sarcodes are said by Oliver to arise exogenously, and a similar condition has been found by one of the authors in Prerospora (5). In Hypopztys the branches arise endogenously. Aouotropa presents a most interesting peculiarity in this regard. The initial cells of the new root arise in the third layer of the cortex (Plate 10, Figs. 2 and 4). As the embryonic tissue of the new root develops, the pressure set up crushes the epidermal cells of the main root first, then later the intervening cortical cells. This behavior is due to the fact that the entire root is firmly encased in the heavy sheathing mycelium, which possesses great tensile strength. This mycelial mantle is extended to cover the growth of the new rootlet. During the process of emergence the outer layer of the new root cap of the rootlet is also crushed (Plate 10, Fig. 2). The root-cap is but little developed in Hypopitys and Mon- otropa consisting of one to four layers, but it shows many layers in Sarcodes and Plerospora. In all cases the cap arises from a calyptrogenic layer in common with the epidermis by tangential division (Plate 11, Fig. 10). The outer cells of the cap soon become compressed and crushed by the mycelial mantle which completely encloses the tips in all members of the family we have examined. Monotropa and Hypopitys are reported by Oliver to exhibit a root apex free from the fungus; a statement that can only be accounted for by the supposition that this conclusion may have been based upon young adventitious roots which had not yet been completely invested by the fungus. It is possible, of course, that a root might outstrip the mantle during a period of rapid growth and become enmeshed later. The initial cells of the periblem and plerome lie immedi- (423 ) ately behind the calyptrogen and may not be distinguished in Monotropa except by their position, and these regions in /y- popilys as well, do not become differentiated until some dis- tanc> back from the tip (Plate 11, Fig. 10). The pressure of the mycelial mantle and the crushing of the outer cells of the root cap gives rise to displacements of the initial elements in a radial direction. The stele is much reduced in all members of the family. Oliver notes that five xylem bundles are to be seen in Sar- codes, although our material showed six; three or four appear in Hypopitys according to Kamienski, but no exact statement may be made as to Afonotropa. Pterospora and Sarcodes exhibit five or six bundles of protoxylem surrounding a cen- tral medulla. ‘That of Sarcodes shows spiral vessels and scalariform ducts, but Prerospora has but three or four scali- form vessels in each bundle. Kamienski notes the presence of vessels half way between spiral and the annular form in //y- popitys, as well as sieve tubes, bast and wood cells. The phloem in all of the species appears to consist chiefly of elon- gated elements much like companion cells. The central cyl- inder of Afonotropa shows the greatest reduction of any seed plant which has yet been noticed. The xylem bundles at no time are distinct, but their remnants are crowded to the center and make a cluster of four or five scalariform vessels, five or six times as long as broad with oval perforations, obliquely placed (Plate 11, Fig. 5 and 7). The ends do not open into each other. Surrounding these vessels is an irregular circle of elements of slightly smaller dimensions and heavy protein- aceous content (Plate 11, Fig. 5). No endodermis may be made out. The cortex consists of seven to ten layers of glob- ular or cylindrical cells, which sometimes show much starch especially near the tips of the root. The epidermis is composed of columnar cells in Sarcodes and ovoid elements in the other genera. These cells are in contact with each other near the apex of the root but soon become separated by the hyphae which push in between, making a pseudo-parenchyma (Plate 12, Fig. 15). The (424) mycelium or heavy layer of the fungus is composed of brown- ish septate hyphae which is much thicker in Sercodes than in any of the other species. The mycelium is distinctly marked into two regions in all forms except Pterospora. The outer region is composed of a looser mesh of strands, which sepa- rate into single hyphae which pass out into the soil and per- haps penetrate to long distances, constituting the absorbing organs of the association. ‘The inner layer of the mycelium is generally composed of hyphae which run at right angles to the axis of the root. The internal branches which penetrate between the cells send off hyphae which gain entrance to the epidermal cells in all of the species examined, filling them up with meshes of threads in Plerospora and Sarcodes and giv- ing rise to various enlargements in Monotropa and Hypofpitys. In the former simple branching results, but in the latter the hyphae expand to form vesicles, *‘sporangioids, and ‘* spo- rangioles” which more or less completely fillthe cells. These swollen protuberances are perhaps atrophied reproductive branches, and they probably serve as organs of interchange between the fungus and the seed plant (Plate 12, Figs. 12- 20). The entrance of a fungus into the epidermal cell is first made at the limits of the root cap. The enlargement of a hypha to form a vesicle results in a globular body which is filled with fine and then coarsely granular contents. Later the vesicles become blackish or brownish. The nucleus of the invaded cell is usually pushed toward the outer or distal end of the cell, and does not become hyperchromatic. It disintegrates however, before exfoliation sets in. Protuber- ances which might be regarded as rudimentary root-hairs were seen by Kamienski but none have come under our notice. In certain instances cells invaded by the fungus are seen to contain numbers of globular bodies of a diameter of .0032 mm. which exhibit a distinct spore appearance (Plate 12, Fig. 17). The appearance of some of the sporangioids sug- gests that they may be altered conidial branches and that these bodies are the result of the more perfect development of some of them. (425 ) The fungus is thus seen to bear the same general relation to the higher plant as that observed by one of the authors in numbers of mycorhizal species. The vegetative part of the fungus coats the surface of the root sending out branches into the substratum, and organs of interchange into the epi- dermal cells of the higher plant. In Cora/lorhiza and allied forms the mycelium or vegetative part of the fungus lives in the outer cortical layers, sending out the two kinds of branches. In the closely related family of the Pyrolaceae the epidermal cells are enlarged to such an extent that they occupy half the radius of the root and serve to shelter the mycelium of the symbiotic fungus, and its organs of interchange. t is noteworthy that Afonotropa has been under investiga- tion for sixty years and that the identity of the symbiotic fungus is still unknown, or not clearly established. Fries named it Zudurcenia Alonotropae, on an external examina- tion but he did not place it with the species of the genus which have since been included in the Ustilaginae, and he thought later that it resembled the conidial forms of Sepe- dontum, Fustdium, or Zygodesmus (2,3). Ryland described the manner of the occurrence of the ‘‘ byssoid fungus” on the roots of Vonotropa, and M. J. Berkeley recognized A pz- phagos Luxfordti, Zygodesmus Berkely7, and Sepedonium Wolsont, Cladosporium Leest in the Jayer sheathing the roots (7). The authors have found a perithecium resembling that of the Pleosporiaceae in the meshes of the fungus of Hypopitys, and MacDougal detected conidial branches like those of Penscillium on Prerospora. A series of careful cul- tures would be necessary to establish the identity of the fungus in each instance as well as in all symbiotic associa- tions of this character. It is not improbable that different species will be found to adhere to the forms under discussion in different localities. The changes ensuing in these roots with age, are of the greatest interest. An exfoliation of the epidermis carrying with it the mycelial layer is very marked in Sarcodes and Pterospora, and is sometimes seen in //ypopitys and ALono- (426 ) tropa. This is connected with the fact that the roots of the first two increase in size to two or three times their original diameter, while the roots of the last two undergo but little alteration in dimension. The growth of Ayfopitys and Monotropa is due to the activity of the cortex. In Pleros- pora and Sarcodes the cortex is active, and after exfoliation the sub-epidermal! cells undergo division in the planes of the radii, and growth takes place at other places in the cortex. The central cylinder of Sarcodes and Pterosfora is least reduced and its development may be traced in them with some certainty. Here the five or six xylem bundles alternate with the simple phloem enclosing a well marked medulla. The first step in the secondary growthis the sclerotization of the medulla, and is followed by the lignification of this tissue in Sar- codes. Nextthe phloem gives rise to a cambium which de- velops wood internally, and bast on the outside. The latter consists for the greater part of elongated elements of narrow lumen which do not undergo any marked thickening of the walls. The wood formed by the cambium joins directly on to the lignified medulla. The inner ends of the primary medullary rays also undergoes sclerotization to some extent, but the outer portions show as broad bands one or two layers in thickness with the characteristic appearance of being com- pressed tangentially. The advance of the cambium is at first fairly regular, as the cambium zone moves outwardly beyond the first ring formed the transformation into vessels is accomplished with such disturbance or variance from the customary manner that it is not possible to draw a line separ- ating the two regions. Furthermore some of the cambium cells of great size remain as great thin-walled elements in the wood, or these may be arranged in radial lines simulating tertiary rays (Plate 12, Fig. 11). A region of cambiform elements four to six layers in thickness may be seen entirely surrounding the xylem. The structure formed by this be- havior of the cambium resembles that of a stem, and indi- cates that the roots of the two genera in question may attain an age of two years or more. (427) The secondary formations in A/onotropa and Hypopitys are very feeble (Plate 11, Figs.6 and 7). The irregular zone of phloem surrounding the central cluster of vessels forms a few similar vessels from the elements in contact with the xy- lem (Plate 11, Fig. 6), but the remainder of the phloem un- dergoes no noticeable change. In Prerospora there is a band of cells lying in the inner edge of the cortex, which may be of the cortex, or the stele, and which undergo thickening and pitting (Plate 11, Figs. 8 and g), and function as mechanical bast: correlated with the extraordinary development of stem. The following statements may be made in summary of the foregoing: A complete symbiosis of very ancient origin exists between the Monotropaceae and the ectotropic fungi of the roots, and this association has been followed by very sweeping degener- ations in the higher plant. The fungus sheathing the roots of J/onotropa, has been variously determined as a Tuber- cinta, Sepedonium, Zygodesmus, fusidium, Epiphagos and Cladosporium, and that the authors found a perithecium of one of the Pleosporiaceae on the roots of Hypopitys. The fungus generally sheathes the entire root, entering the epidermal cells in all of the four genera discussed, forming masses of hyphae in the cells of Sarcodes and Ptcrospora, and vesicles and other enlargements in Wonotropa and Hy- popitys. The members of the family examined have lost the power of branching of the shoots, which are purely reproductive in their purpose. Vegetive propagation issecured by buds of endog- enous origin on the roots. Secondary roots arise exogen- ously in Sarcodes and Plerospora, endogenously in Ayfo- pitys and from the third cortical layer of the cortex in Monotropa. The root cap is least developed in Afonotropa and Hypo- pitys and most in Sarcodes, The histogenic layers are not distinguishable. The stele is much reduced. Five or six bundles may be recognized in Sarcodes and Plerospora, three or four in Hypopitys, but no distinction of this kind may be (428) made in Monotropa. Spiral vessels appear in the protoxy- lem of Sarcodes. Closed scalariform vessels only in the other genera. A medulla is present in Sarcodes and Pteros- pora, and secondary thickening occurs in these two genera, which gives the roots a stem-like appearance. The roots of these two plants probably live two or more years while the others are annuals. The roots are to be considered as the main axis in the Monotropaceae, since they serve to repro- duce the plant, as organs of storage, and as a habitat for the symbiotic fungus, which is the absorbing member in the asso- ciation. Literature to which Reference is Made. 1. Chatin Ad. Anatomie comparée des végétaux. Plantes parasites. 1892. 2. Fries, E. Systema mycologicum, 8: 440. 1832. 3. Fries, E. Summa vegetabilum Scandanaviae. Sec. Post. 1849. . Kamienski. Die vegetative Organe der Monotropa flypopitys. Mem. d.1. Soc. Nat. et. Math. d. Cherbourg, 884. 5. MacDougul: Symbiotic Saprophytism. Annals of Bot- any, 13: March, 1899. 6. Oliver. On Sarcodes sanguinea Torr. Annals of Bot- any, 4: 304. 1890. 7. Rylands. On the’nature of the byssoid Substance found investing the Roots. of Monotropa Hypopitys. Phytologist, I: 341. 1842. 8, Sarauw. Rodsymbiose og Mykorhizer. Bot. Tids- skrift, 18: Hft. 3 and 4. 18093. Explanation of Plates, All figures are of Afonotropa uniffora, unless otherwise stated. Fig. 1. Section of mass of roots at base of stem. Figs. 2 and 4. Origin of secondary roots. Fig. 4 shows the initial cells arising in the third cortical layer of the main root. Fig. 2 illustrates an ad- vanced stage of development of the new apex. ‘The young root has pushed beyond the general outline of the main root, and the outer cells of the root- cap have collapsed (429) Fig. 3. Diagram of a transverse section taken near the apex of a root showing three ee roots in the plane of the section aad two others immediately below Plate 11. Fig. 5. Longitudinal section of the stele showing the vessels and one layer of dilece cd Is. Fig. 6. Transverse section of the stele showing eight scalariform vessels surroundel by the undifferentiated phlocm. Taken . 7. Transverse section through the stele of a young root. The forma. Cie of vessels has in aan but five cells. The — vessels shown in Fig 6 have been formed directly from the reduced phloe Fig. 8. Prerospora Andromedea, A tangential section passing through the outer portion of the pen in an old thickened root. Of the cortical cells on the right two have undergone pitting and thickening, while the other two retain their are rE content. On the left are to be seen the a of the outer phloem, with some of the large cells of the medullary ra i Plerospora Andre Maer A sclerotized cortical cell cut as eae showing the pitted end w Fig. 10. Root tip cut a ae showing cap and initial cells. The eer mantle is seen to be contiuuous over the entire extremity of the oot. Plate 12. Fi . Sarcodes sanguinea. Section of outer portion of stele in which secondary ae has begun. The irregular cambium layer is shown Fig. 12, Epider: 3-4 mm from the apex of the root. The disorganiza- tion of the nuclei ae - egun Fig. 13. Same as 12 but nearer the a ex with normal nuclei ig. 14. Epidermal cell cones g hyphae with Dake of grape-like clusters or 'tsporangioids.’ Fig. 15. Epidermal cells in sr sa section with separating hyphae nee a parenchymatous formation. Fig. 16. Perithecium found in rae mycelium attached to Aypopity Fig. 17. An epidermal cell containing spore-like bodies, and ee of Fig. 18. Other hyphal formations in epidermal cells. Fig. 19. Epidermal cell with entering hyphae. Fig. 20. An ee cell lined with the wall of a large fungal vesicle, which is partly crumpled. Some new Grasses from the Southern States. By Geo. V. Nasi. ERIANTHUS SMALLII. A tall densely tufted perennial. Culms 1.5—2.5 m. tall, the nodes pubescent with long appressed readily a es the summit of the culm and the axis of the panicle copiously ( 430 ) appressed-pubescent with long silky hairs; sheaths usually ‘sparingly hirsute at the apex, otherwise glabrous; ligule scarious, about 2 mm. long, ciliolate at the apex ; blades 1.5-4 dm. long, 6-20mm. wide, rough on both surfaces; panicle 2-4 dm. Jong, 4-6cm. wide, its branches erect, the larger 7-10 cm. long, spikelets crowded, about equalling the basal hairs and one-half again as long as the internodes, the outer scales 8-9 mm. long, pilose with long hairs, the fourth scale 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth long and subulate, the awn between them 2-2.5 cm. long, the included portion long and tightly spiral, the remainder “loosely spira In low grounds, Tennessee to Florida, ¥ west to Mississippi. Type collected by Dr. J. K. Smali, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating it, on Stone Mt., De Kalb Co., Ga., Sept. 6— 12, 1894. The following specimens are also referred here: Tennessee: Banks of Hiawassee River, McFarland, A. futh, Aug. 1894, distributed as &. brevibarbis. Georgia: Yellow River, near McGuire’s Mill, Gwinnett Co., John K. Small, July 20, 1893. Florida: Chapman. Alabama: Montgomery, G. A¢cCarthy, Aug. 1888, dis- tributed as /. alopecuroides. Mississippi: Starkville, S. 47. Tracy, Oct. 16, 1895, dis- tributed as E. stricius Related to &. contortus, Ell., but from that species it is clearly distinct. In £. contortus the summit of the culm and the panicle axis are glabrous or but slightly pubescent, and the spikelets are considerably smaller. MANISURIS TUBERCULOSA. A glabrous tufted perennial. Culms somewhat compressed, 8-12 dm. tall, stout, branched for about the upper two-thirds, the branches erect; sheaths broad, much compressed, keeled, striate; ligule scarious, about r mm. long; blades erect, 3 dm. or less long, 3-7 mm. wide; spikes finally exserted, 6- 10 cm. long, straight, the rachis barely if at all constricted at the nodes ; sessile spikelets about 4 mm. long, about equaling the internodes, the first scale with very short transverse wrin- es, or very rarely without wrinkles, the wrinkles tubercle- like, irregularly disposed; pedicellate spikelets reduced to 1 (431 ) or 2 short scales, about one-half the length of the linear ped- icel which is a little shorter than the sessile spikelet and curved around its margin. Along lake shores, peninsular Florida. Type collected by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., June 16-30, 1894, no. 1044. Mr. W. T. Swingle also secured it eight mile east of Altoona, in the same county, in 1892. The short tubercle-like ridges at once distinguish this from any form of JL. rugosa. ANDROPOGON CAMPYLORACHEUS; A. Elliotti? laxiflorus Scribn. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 146. 1896. Not A. laxiforus Steud. 1855 A densely tufted perennial, the innovations with long nar- row leaf-blades. Culms 3-8 dm. tall, usually clothed with the overlapping aes “finally with several large imbricated sheaths at the summit; upper nodes generally densely barbed with ascending ie culm-leaves 4 or 5; sheaths of the in- novations densely appressed-hirsute with long hairs, those of the culm glabrous or nearly so; ligule a ring - hairs 1-2 mm. long; lower culm-blades about 1 dm. , those on the innovations much longer, 1-2 mm. wide, sree folded when dry; racemes usually in pairs, sometimes in 3’s, lax, flexuous, finally exserted, 5-10 cm. long, the slender inter- nodes of the rachis usually much exceeding the sessile spike- lets, often twice as long; sessile spikelets about 5 mm. long, narrow, acuminate, the first scale folded near the margins, nerved at the folds, the nerves hispid above the middle, the fourth scale bearing a somewhat twisted more or less slightly contorted awn 1.5-2 cm. long. In dry sandy soil, Florida to Mississippi. Type collected by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., Florida, Aug. 1-15, 1894, no. 1738; nos. 1597, 1601, 1739 and 1740, of the same col- lection, are also referred here. Professor 5. M. Tracy se- cured the same thing at Biloxi, Miss., Sept. 15, 1893, no. 2262. At once distinguished from A. E£v/ott:? by its long slender flexuous racemes with their much longer internodes. AnpRopocon caPILurEes; A. Virgticus glaucus Hack. in D. C. Mon. Phan. 6: 411. 1889. Not A. glaucus Retz. 1789. labrous glaucous perennial. Culms 1-1.5 m. tall, branched above the middle, these branches again divided and ( 432 ) redivided, the ultimate divisions filiform and considerably ex- serted, frequently recurved; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, usually about one-half as long, keeled, at least above the middle; ligule scarious, abouto.5 mm. long; blades erect, flat, folded when dry, minutely pubescent on the upper pala linear, 1-2 dm. long, about 2 mm. wide; inflor- scence narrow, 4-6 dm. long, its primary branches erect, an ultimate divisions sometimes spreading, the sheaths from which arise the ultimate divisions narrow and tightly embrac- ing them, the spathes 2-3 cm. long, acuminate; racemes in pairs, 1.5—-2 cm. long, exceeded by the spathes; sessile spike- lets 3-3.5 mm. long, about twice as long as the internodes, the awn straight, 11-13 mm. long; pedicellate spikelet want- ing, or present as a minute rudimentary scale, the pedicel as long as or a little exceeding the sessile spikelet. In dry soil, North Carolinato Florida. Type collected by Mr. A. H. Curtiss in Florida. This seems to be abundantly distinct from A. Vzrginicus, to which it is related, in the glaucous hue of the whole plant, the glabrous sheaths and especially in the sheaths of the inflorescence, from which arise the peduncles bearing the spathes, which are very nar- row and tightly enclose the peduncles, making the contrast between the spathes and the sheaths very marked. ANDROPOGON SCRIBNERIANUS; A. Elfvotti? glaucescens Scribn. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 145. 1896. Not A. glaucescens W.B. K. 1815. A glabrous, usually glaucous, tufted perennial. Culms 5-10 dm. tall, branched above the middle; leaves below the inflorescence 3 or 4; sheaths shorter than the internodes, the basal ones equitant; ligule scarious, about 0.8 mm. broad; blades linear, flat, folded when dry, minutely pubescent above, and usually with some long hairs on the upper surface near the base, the lower culm-blades 1-1.5 dm. long, 2-4 mm wide, the basal blades often much longer: racemes in pairs, exserted, rather stout, 4-7 cm. long, silvery white; sessile spikelets about twice as long as the internodes, about 5 mm. long, the first scale thick and firm, folded near the margins, strongly nerved at the folds, the nerves very hispid above the middle, the flat glabrous internerve marked with 2-5, rarely more, faint nerves, the second scale boat-shaped, thinner, 1- nerved, the nerve hispid above the middle, the fourth scale ( 433 ) with a flat somewhat twisted bent awn, 12-15 mm. long, its edges hispidulous; pedicellate spikelet a single nerved scale, on a pedicel shorter than the sessile spikelet with its terminal hairs less than twice as long as the sessile spikelet. In dry sandy soil, southern Georgia and Florida. Type collected by the writer in the high pine land at Eustis, Lake Co., Fla., April 15-30, 1894, no. 473; nos. 146, 191, 426, 489, 595 and 1077 are also referred here. Dr. John K. Small obtained it also in Georgia in the St. Mary’s River swamp below Trader’s Hill, June 12-15, 1895. Nos. 4oro and 4952 of Mr. A. H. Curtiss, collected at Jacksonville, belong to this species. It is related to A. argyraeus, but it can at once be distinguished by its stouter and more silky racemes, and by the broader very thick first scale of the sessile spikelet with its less acuminate apex and its flat and glabrous internerve. In A. argyraeus the internerve is decidedly furrowed, at least when dry, probably due to its much thinner texture, and strongly hispidulous. ANDROPOGON TRACYI. A tufted glabrous perennial, the basal leaves numerous and usually about one-half as long as the culms. ulms 5-8 dm. tall, branched above the middle, the nodes of the inflores- cence usually barbed with long appressed silky hairs; sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligule scarious, about 0.5 mm. wide; blades erect, sparingly hirsute on the upper surface near the hase, 1-2 dm. long and 2-3 mm. wide; ean cence 2-3 dm. long, narrow, Pits branches erect; spathes 4~5 cm. inne. acuminate, from slightly shorter than to oa the racemes; racemes in pairs, 3-4 cm. long, rather stout: sessile spikelets 5 mm. long, about twice as long as the stout internodes which are densely clothed with silvery white hairs a little more than one and one-half times as long as the spike- let, the awn 1.5-2 cm. long, sometimes a little spiral at the base; pedicellate spikelet wanting, or present as a minute rudimentary scale, the pedicel exceeding the sessile spikelet. In dry soil, Alabama and Mississippi. Type collected by Prof. S. M. Tracy at Columbus, Miss., Oct. 14, 1895, no. 3083. Messrs. Earle and Baker also secured it at Auburn, Ala., on Oct. 14, 1897, and distributed it as A. argyracus. ( 434) lis relationship with that species is not close, its affinities be- ing with A. Virginicus and A. longiberbis, from the former of which it is distinguished by its glabrous sheaths and much stouter racemes; and from the latter, to which it is more nearly related, by the entire absence of the lanose pubescence so characteristic of A. longiberdbzs. PasPpALuM EGGERTIHI. A tufted perennial. Culms 4-6 dm. tall, with usually a raceme-bearing branch in the sheaths ; leaves 2; sheaths some- what compressed, the basal ones pubescent, the others ciliate on the margin; ligule consisting of hairs about 1 mm. long ; blades erect or nearly so, acco or linear- lanceolate, main culm, and generally stngle on the branches, the former ones long exserted, the latter partly included or somewhat exserted, 4-5 cm. long, the rachis narrowly winged, less than one-half as broad as the spikelets; spikelets about 2.2 mm. long and about 1.5 mm. wide, oval or a little obovoid, in pairs, the first scale densely pubescent with spreading hairs, 3-nerved, the second scale more sparingly pubescent, 2-nerved by the suppression of the midnerve, the flowering scale yellowish white, about one-half as thick as bro On sandy river-banks, Arkansas. Type in the errr of Columbia University, collected by Mr. H. Eggert near Pine Bluffs, Jefferson Co., Sept. 4, 1896. In general ap- pearance somewhat suggesting P. longepedunculatum and distributed as that species by Mr. Eggert, but the leaf-blades are naked on the margins. PASPALUM GEMINUM. A glabrous or nearly glabrous perennial. Culms com- pressed, erect, from a decumbent base, 5-7 dm. tall; leaves about 5; sheaths ee keeled toward the summit; ligule es about . long; blades erect or nearly so, linear-] , flat, folded when dry, the lower ones 10-12 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, the uppermost blade very small: racemes usually 3, spreading, 4-6 cm. long, the rachis winged and about two-thirds as wide as the spikelets: spike- lets in pairs, elliptic, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, the (435 ) outer 2 scales 5-nerved, the lateral nerves approximate at the fold, the flowering scale oo white, strongly papillose- roughened in longitudinal line In clay soil, Florida. Type collected by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., May 1-15, 1894, no. 680. In general habit and appearance it closely resembles P. /aeve. The elliptic spikelets arranged in pairs furnish the most marked character separating it. In P. /acve the spikelets are broader and always singly disposed. PASPALUM LONGICILIUM. A tufted perennial. Culms 6-12 dm. tall, erect, clothed with the overlapping sheaths; leaves 5-7; lower sheaths strongly hirsute with long hairs, the upper ones more spar- ingly so and ciliate on the margins; ligule scarious, brown, about 4 mm. long; blades erect, smooth and glabrous on both surfaces, acuminate at the apex, narrowed toward the base, the lower ones 3-5 dm. long and about 1.5 cm. wide, ciliate on the margins with hairs 3-4 mm. long: racemes 3- 4, erect, about I. 5 dm. long, the rachis winged, about two- thirds as wide as the spikelets; spikelets singly disposed, rarely sometimes in pairs at the end of the racemes, 3.25- 3.5 mm. long and about 2.5 mm. wide, oval, the outer 2 scales 5-nerved, the lateral nerves approximate at the fold, the flowering scale yellowish white, papillose-roughened in longitudinal] lines. In sandy soil along ditches, peninsular Florida. Collected by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., July 16-31, 1894, no. 1359. Related to P. grganteum Bald., but separated readily by its pubescent sheaths and ciliate leaf-blades. PASPALUM LONGIPILUM. A usually tufted perennial. Culms compressed; leaves usually 3, sometimes 4; sheaths much compressed, keeled, densely hirsute with very long rather weak hairs; ligule scarious, yellowish brown, 1.5-2 mm. long; blades erect, firm, flat, folded when dry, the lower ones 1.5~2 . long, 7-10 mm. wide, the lower surface glabrous, the upper densely Laer with very long rather weak eaten hairs, the uppermost blade very short; racemes 2-4, rarely single, spreading or ascending, 5-7 cm. long, the rachis winged, (436) one-half to two-thirds as wide as the spikelets; spikelets singly disposed, broadly oval, about 2.75 mm. long and 2.2 . wide, the outer 2 scales 5-nerved, the lateral nerves ap- proximate at the fold, the third scale yellowish white, papil- lose-roughened in longitudinal lines In sandy soil, peninsular Florida. Type collected by the writer at Eustis, Lake Co., June 16-30, 1894, no. 1027; nos. 507 and 1340 of the same collection, and no. 2080 of the collection of 1895, all secured at the same place, are also referred here. Related to P. /aeve Michx., but the densely hirsute sheaths and upper surface of the leaf-blades at once distinguish it. ArisTipA Mouru. A glabrous perennial. Culms very slender, leafy only toward the base, 5-7 dm. tall, erect; leaves 4; lowermost sheath distant from the others which are crowded and over- lapping; ligule a scarious truncate ring about r mm. long; blades flat, erect, acuminate, usually 6-10 cm. long, and 1-2 mm. wide at the base, those on the innovations much smaller: raceme slender, long-exserted, 2-3 dm. long; spikelets scat- tered, shorter than the internodes, usually about one-half as long, appressed, the lower ones sometimes very distant ; empty scales glabrous, equal in length, yellowish brown, acute, t-nerved, 10-12 mm. long, the flowering scale shorter than the empty ones, 8-9 mm. ‘long , its awns hispidulous, of equal thickness, widely spreading, flat and loosely spiral at the base, the spreading portion of the central one about 1.5 cm. long, that of the lateral ones a little shorter. On sandy ridges, Alabama. Collected by Dr. Charles Mohr, in whose honor I take pleasure in naming it, at Spring Hill, Mobile Co., Oct. 4, 1886, and distributed as A. sémplic- flora; also secured at the same place by B. F. Bush, Aug. 26, 1897, no. 5, and distributed as A. stricta. Related to A. sunplicifiiora, but abundantly distinct. In that species the spikelets are quite numerous and crowded with their empty scales smaller, the first scale strongly hispidulous, and the lateral awns of the flowering scale markedly more slender than the central awn. (437) A new Trisetum from [lichigan. By Geo. V. Nasu. TRIisETUM BRITTONII sp. nov. A densely tufted perennial, with the numerous innovations one-third to one-half as long asthe culm. Culms erect, rigid, 2-3 dm. tall, villous toward the summit, leafless above ; culm-leaf 1, near the base of the culm; sheaths softly pu- bescent; ligule scarious, about 0.5 mm. long; blades erect, that on the culm 1-2 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, flat, those on the innovations longer, usually 6-10 cm. long, stiff, in- volute, at least when dry, 1.5 mm. or less wide when spread out, rough above, densely hirsute beneath with spreading hairs; panicle long-exserted, dense and contracted, spike- like, 2-4 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, its branches less than 1 cm. long, closely appressed; spikelets 4-4.5 mm. long, 2-flowered ; empty scales acute, hispidulous on the midnerve above the middle, the first scale 1-nerved, about three-fourths as long as the 3-nerved second which is broadest at the mid- dle; flowering scales scabrous, acute, the first one 3.5-4.5 mm. long, in sideview lanceolate and about 0.6 mm. wide, the hispidulous awn inserted about one-third way down, 2-2.5 mm. long, finally recurved, the palet usually about five-sixths as long as the scale; second flowering scale much smaller, about one-half as long, empty, bearing an awn longer or shorter than itself. Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton, in whose honor I take pleasure in naming it, on Picnic Island, Marquette, Mich., July 19, 1883. Related to 7. swbspicatum (L.) Beauv., but clearly distinct, the numerous innovations with their stiff in- volute hairy leaf-blades and the narrow dense panicle with its short awns readily separating it. The Genus Bumelia in North America. By Joun K. SMALL. My attention was especially called to the genus Bumelya during the summer of 1895, while in southern Georgia. I then realized that an attempt to segregate the North American species by means of one or another of the published syste- ( 438 ) matic interpretations of the genus was a hopeless task, for the reason that nearly one-half of the species growing in the southeastern United States had been ignored by monograph- ers. The first member of this group described from our terri- tory was Svderoxylon lycioides L. Species Plantarum, Ed. 2, 279, 1762. In 1788 Walter described several species under Stderoxylon, while in the same year Swartz founded the genus Bumela. Under this generic name species were described by Ventenat, Michaux, Nuttall, Rafinesque and Buckley. The latest and best interpretation of the genus, that of Dr. Gray in the Synoptical Flora of North America (revised), recognizes five species and one variety. A study* of the genus covering a period of over five years, has led me to con-- clusions quite different from any heretofore published. They are expressed in the following pages. BuMELIA Sw. Prodr. 49. 1788. Shrubs and trees of the southeastern United States and eastern tropical America. Thirteen species occur in the United States, while about thirty species are recorded as growing in the West Indies, Mexico and South America. Leaf-blades glabrous, or merely with scattered hairs or inconspicuously cob- eb eath Fruit oblong-cylindric. 1. B. angustifolia. Fruit subglobose or oval. eaf-blades of an obovate or spatulate type, mainly broadest above the middle. Twigs copiously Bees with deep red hairs. . B. rufotomentosa. Twigs glabrous or soon Sacin g so. Fruit less than 8 mm. long. Corolla-lobes about 1.5 mm. ae ; leaf-blades blunt; fruit 5 mm. long. . nticrocarpa. Corolla-lobes about 2 mm. ve eae blades retuse ; fruit 6-7 mm. long. 4. B. reclinaia. * Besides field observations, and‘ the specimens in the herbaria of the New York Botanical Garden and Columbia University, I have been able to examine this genus as represented in the herbaria of the New York College of Pharmacy, Harvard University, Lafayette College, Franklin and Marshall College, and the ee Herbarium. ( 439 ) Fruit over 9 mm. long. Leaf-blades 1-3.5 cm. long ; fruit over 10 mm. broad. 5: megococca. Leaf-blades 4~10 cm. long ; fruit less than ro min. broad, Corolla-lobes erose-denticulate ; anne’ serru- Pcs eee eee 6. B. cassinifolia, s ety eis ; sepals pu- bes . monticola. Leaf-blades of an elliptic s broadest at the mae Pedicels and sepals pubescent. . Lexana. iy as 3mm. long; lobes as broad as nee so al blades not reticulated. Corollas 4 mm. long; lobes longer fen boa "reat blades copi pa reticulated. to. B. lyciotdes. Leaf-blades manifestly or copiously a beneath. cence woolly, not at all lustrous. f-blades cuneate, Aer i I-3em. long. 11. B&B. rigida. Leaf-blades not cuneate, mostly 4-10 cm. long. 12. B. lanuginosa. Pubescence lustrous, white, becoming tawny, brown or coppery. 13. B, fenax. BuMELIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Nutt. Bumelia angustifolia Nutt. Sylva, 3: 38, A/. 93. 1849. Bumelia reciinata Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. tog. 1853. Not Vent. Bumelia parvifora Chapm. Fl. S. States, 275. 1860. Not A. DC. Bumelia cuneata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 68. 1878. Not Sw. A res depressed shrub, or a small tree reaching a height of 8 meters. Stems sometimes 15 cm. in diameter ; leaves persistent; blades leathery, varying from narrowly ob- lanceolate-spatulate to obovate See Sie at the base, 2-4 cm. long, entire, usually rounded at the apex, somewhat shining above, paler and dull beneath, shore petted fasci- cles few-flowered or many-flowered, sometim ense ; pedicels 3-6 mm. long, ha ee thickened nore sepals ovate, 2 mm. long, obtuse, the inner much broader than the outer; corolla-lobes suborbicilan, erose-denticulate ; appen- dages narrowly-lanceolate, acuminate; staminodia ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, se or acute, erose-dentate ; berries oblong, 1.5-2 cm. long, fleshy, edible. ( 440 ) Florida, on the peninsula and the keys, also in the lower Rio Grande valley, Texas and Mexico. Flowers in Novem- ber and October, matures its fruit in the Spring. The peculiar distribution of Bumelia angustifolia indicates the probability of there being two distinct species involved, one in Florida and anotherin the Rio Grande valley, but with the exception of a few minor and apparently unsatisfactory characters, the Floridian and Texano-Mexican plants seem to constitute a single species. 2. BUMELIA RUFOMENTOSA nl. sp. A thorny shrub, with densely and deep red tomentose twigs and petioles. Stems stout, rigid, spreading or ascend- ing, several dm. long, slightly zigzag; leaves firm; blades obovate or oval, 1.5-2 cm. long, obtuse or slightly retuse at the apex, more or less undulate, prominently reticulated, especially beneath, shining and becoming glabrous above, paler, dull and usually sparingly pubescent beneath with red hairs, on short slender petioles; fascicles many-flowered ; pedicels slender, 2-3 mm. long, gradually enlarged upward, like the calyx, pubescent with straggling hairs; sepals sub- orbicular, nearly 1.5 mm. broad, the inner slightly larger than the outer-corolla; lobes suborbicular, often slightly broader than lone epou I.5 mm. in diameter; appendages ovate or ovate-] late, acutish; staminodia ovate-lanceo- late, a ‘ttle over x mm. long, obtuse; berries subglobose, about 5 mm. in diameter. In pine woods, peninsular Florida. Tampa; May, 1876: Garber. (Type.) Sumpterville; June, 1881: Curtzss. 3. BRUMELIA MICROCA An. Sp. A low shrub with zigzag branches and spreading thorn- armed twigs. Leaves firm; blades spatulate, oblanceolate or rarely oblong-obovate, rounded or acutish at the apex, lus- trous and finely reticulated above, cobwebby pubescent be- neath or glabrate in age, attenuate into slender petioles 2-6 mm. in length ; clusters dense, on short scaly spurs; pedicels 1-4 mm. long, rather thinly tomentose: sepals suborbicular, concave, I-I.5 mm. broad, tomentose or glabrous in age; corolla-lobes white, depressed orbicular, about 1.5 mm. broad, (441) rounded at the apex; appendages broadly lanceolate, 0.7 mm. long; staminodia lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate about 1 mm. long, barely acute: berries subglobose, § mm. in i ter. In sandy soil, peninsular Florida Gainsville; March and June, 1876: Garber. (Type.) Related to Bumelia reclinata, but smaller and more rigid The branchlets or twigs are more copiously armed with thorns, while the parts of the flower and the berries are smaller. The thin arachnoid pubescence on the lower sur- face of the leaf-blades and the pedicels, and the abbreviation of the latter are diagnostic characters. 4. BUMELIA RECLINATA Vent. ? Stderoxylon laeve Walt. Fl. Car. 100. 1788. Bumelia reclinata Vent. Choix, 22. 1803. A low decumbent or ascending armed glabrous shrub, 1-2 meters tall, the spine-like branches often leafy and producing flowers. Stem commonly zigzag or somewhat twisted; leaves numerous; blades thinnish, oblanceolate ovate, obo- vate or spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, rounded or retuse at the apex, deep green and shining above, paler, and dull beneath, some- what prominently reticulate, narrowed into petioles, varying from 2 to 4 mm. in length; fascicles few-flowered ; pedicels glabrous, 3-5 mm. long, enlarged upward; sepals eine) ovate or orbicular-ovate, 1.8 mm. long ; berries oval, 6-7 m long. In sandy soil, Georgia to Florida and Louisiana. Georgia: Banks of the Ochlockonee River, Thomas- ville; Srzal/. Florida: Banks of the Chipola River, Jackson Co.: Chapman. Louisiana: Ha/e. 5. BumMELIA MEGOCOCCA n. sp. An evergreen glabrous thorny shrub, with spreading or procumbent bra nches. Bark pale, raised in angular corky ridges which are broken by numerous lenticels; leaves few; blades leathery, obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, 1-3.5 cm long, obtuse or retuse at the apex, deep green and somewhat shining above, paler and prominently reticulated beneath, ( 442 ) slightly ee short-petioled ; pedicels stout, ae mm. long: berries globose or oblong-globose, 11-13 mm. in diameter, black ; ceeds pee mm. in diameter, pale, enor ard shining, variegated. In sandy soil, Florida. Tampa, October, 1877; Garber. (Type.) A species of remarkably rigid and stout habit, interesting on account of its spreading or procumbent stems or branches which trail more or less extensively in the sand, and its very large fruit which excels in size that of any of our native species. 6. BuMELIA CASSINIFOLIA Nl. sp. A glabrous or glabrate commonly armed shrub, or small tree, 5-10 meters tall, the twigs and the lower surfaces of the leaves puberulent. Stem rarely more than 16 cm. thick, clothed with a reddish brown bark; leaves numerous ; ees thinnish, oblong-obovate, or oblanceolate, 2-10 cm rounded or retuse at the apex, undulate, narrowly | fe dark green above, somewhat paler beneath, the main nerves slightly prominent beneath; petioles slender varying from 8— 12 mm. in length; fascicles many-flowered; pedicels gla- brous, 2-5 mm. long, slightly enlarged upward; sepals sub- orbicular, 2 mm. lon the inner with a broad scarious margin; corolla-lobes cuborbicalar r, I.5-2 mm. in diameter, often erose-toothed ; appendages lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- late, crisped or erose; staminodia ovate, about 2 mm. long, obtuse, serrulate; berries oval or globose-oval, I-1.5 cm. long. In sandy soil, Louisiana. Opelousas. May and August 1883; Letterman. (Type. A relative of Bumela reciinata but erect and much taller ; differing also in the erose-toothed petals and the serrulate boat-shaped staminodia. The appendages of the corolla are obtuse, not acute as in B&B. reclinata. 7. BUMELIA MONTICOLA Buckl. Bumelia monticola Buckl. Bull. Torr. Club, 10: gr. 1883. A straggling thorny shrub 1-3 meters tall, the petioles, nerves (443 ) of the lower surface of the leaf-blades and inflorescence spar~ ingly pubescent. Stem clothed with a reddish-brown bark ; leaves stiff; blades spatulate or oblong-oblanceolate, rounded and often slightly apiculate at the apex, slightly revolute, usually acuminate or cuneately narrowed at the base, the nerves prominent and reticulate on the pale under surface, cels slender, much thickened toward the apex; sepals sub- orbicular, about 2 mm. long, the inner slightly broader than the outer; corolla-lobes suborbicular, a little broader than about 1.5 mm. in diameter; appendages lanceolate, rather obtuse; staminodia ovate-lanceolate obtuse or acutish, less than 2 mm. long: ovary hairy; berries elliptic, 1-1.3 mm. long, often tipped by the persistent style; seeds subglo- bose, slightly longer than thick. In dry soil, western and southern Texas. Spring and summer. 8. Bumeiia Texana Buckl. Bumelia Texana Buckl. Bull. Torr. Club, 10: go. 1883. A rigid somewhat thorny shrub or small tree, several meters tall, glabrous or with a slight inconspicuous pubes- cence on the petioles, and midrib of the leaf-blades beneath. Leaves firm; blades leathery, oval or oblong, 2-3 cm. long rounded, truncate or retuse at the apex, hardly revolute, times cuneately narrowed at the base; petioles slender, 5-10 mm. long ; fascicles few-flowered ; pedicels stoutish, 1-3 mm. long ; berries oblong or elliptic, about 1 cm. lon On the mountains near the lower crossing of the Pecos River, western Texas, 1876, Buck/y. Not recently collected; apparently a distinct species. g. BUMELIA LUCIDA 0. sp. A glabrous shrub, or small tree, 2-7 meters tall, with rigid thorny branches. Leaves numerous ; blades leathery, elliptic varying to elliptic-ovate or elliptic-oblanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acute or obtuse at both ends, deep green shining and hardly reticulated above, paler dull and prominently reticulated beneath; petioles slender, 2-5 mm. long; fascicles rather many-flowered; pedicels glabrous, slender, 3-7 mm. long, very slightly if at all enlarged at the apex; sepals suborbicu- C444) lar, about 2 mm. in diameter, the outer somewhat smaller than the inner; corolla-lobes suborbicular; appendages lan- ceolate, obtuse; staminodia ovate, 2 mm. long, sometimes inequilateral, obtuse ; berries mostly oval, about 7-8 mm. long. Louisiana: Feliciana, 1838; Carpenter, no. 19. eatherman, no. 95. Leiddell. Related to Bumelia lyctocdes but smaller in all its parts. The sepals are rather broader than long, instead of longer than broad as is the case in B. /yc/otdes, and the corolla-lobes usually subcordate at the base. The staminodia are abruptly contracted or subcordate at the base instead of cuneate and boat-shaped, and they are much less rigid. 10. BUMELIA LYCIOIDES (L.) Gaertn. Stderoxylon lyctoides L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 279. 1762. Bumelia lycioides Gaertn. Fr. et Sem. 3: 127, pl. 202. 1805. A glabrous usually armed shrub, or small tree, reaching a height of 8 meters. Stem clothed with a gray bark; leaves numerous; blades thickish but barely leathery, oblong, elliptic or rarely oblanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, acute or acuminate or rarely rounded at the apex, pale green and prominently retic- ulate on both surfaces, narrowed into petioles which are 5-12 mm. long; fascicles densely flowered; pedicels slender, 7-10 mm. long, hardly enlarged at the apex; sepals oval, or orbicular-ovate, 2 mm. long, the inner somewhat broader than the outer; corolla-lobes longer than broad; appendages lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; staminodia ovate, 2-2.5 m long, boat-like, obtuse, often keeled; ovary hairy; Recs oval, fully cm. long. In low or damp soil, Virginia to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. Flowers in summer and matures its fruit in the fall. 11. BuMELIA RIGIDA (A. Gray). Bumelia lanuginosa var. rigida A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2: Part 1, Ed. 2. 1886 A low tree with rigid spreading branches. Leaves nen ous; blades cuneate or oblong-cuneate, 1.5-3 cm. long, rounded or retuse at the apex, dark green and glabrous pe (445 ) woolly beneath; petioles 1-3 mm. long; fascicles rather few- flowered; pedicels 4-8 mm. long, slightly thickened above ; sepals suborbicular, 2 mm. long, the inner somewhat larger than the outer; corolla-lobes suborbicular, 2 mm. in diameter, truncate at the base, erose; appendages lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, acute; staminodia ovate-lanceolate, erose, obtuse: ovary hairy; berries oblong-oval or oval, 10-12 mm. long, often tipped by the persistent style. Along streams, Texas to Arizona. More rigid and contracted in habit than any form of Bume- fia lanuginosa. Generally separable by the smaller cuneate type of leaf-blades and the softer and more silky character of the woolly pubescence. 12. BuMELIA LANUGINOSA (Michx.) Pers. ? Sderovylon tenav Walt. Fl. Car. 100. 1788. Not L. Stderoxylon lanugtnosum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 122. 1803. ? Bumelia oblongifolia Nutt. Gen. 1: 135. 1818. Bumelia lanuginosa Pers. Syn. 1: 273. 1805. Bumelia arachnoidea Raf. New Fl. 3: 28. 1836. Bumelia tomentosa A. DC.in D C. Prodr. 8: 1g0. 1844. ? Bumelia ferruginea Nutt. Sylva, 3: 34. 1849. Bumelia arborea Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 462. 1862, Bumelia paucifora Engelm; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 68. As synonym. 1878. An armed or thornless shrub, or tree 3-20 meters tall, its twigs, the lower surface of the leaves and the inflorescence tomentose with pale or reddish, never lustrous, hairs. Stems rarely becoming nearly 1 meter thick; leaves various; blades oblong- oblanceolate, oblong-obovate or elliptic, acutish, rounded or retuse at the apex, glabrous above, gradually or cuneately narrowed at the base; petioles 2-15 mm. long; fas- cicles few- or many-flowered; pedicels 5-8 mm. long, con- siderably enlarged towards the base of the calyx; sepals sub- orbicular or orbicular-ovate, about 3 mm. long, concave; corolla-lobes orbicular-ovate, 2mm. long; appendages ovate- lanceolate or lanceolate, acute or acutish; staminodia ovate, acute or acutish, usually erose-denticulate, about as long as (446) the oe eae hairy; berries oval or obovoid-oblong, 10-15 mm. lon In ee aac Missouri and Kansas to Georgia, Florida and Texas. Flowers in summer, fruits in the fall. It is quite likely that Bumelza lanuginosa, as it is under- stood at present is a composite species, but we have not yet sufficient material from many parts of the vast area over which the plant extends, to warrant segregation. There are conspicuous differences exhibited in habit, character and quantity of the pubescence, size of the flowers, and leaf-form, but as yet I have not been able to correlate these differences with distinct specific lines. 13. Bumevia TENAX (L.) Willd. Sideroxylon tenax I. Mant. 48. 1768. Chrysophyllum Carolinense Jacq. Obs. 3: 3, D1. 54. 1768. Sideroxylon sericeum Walt. Fl. Car. 100. 14788. Bunela chrysophylloides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 155. 1814. Bumelia tenax Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 1085. 1798. Stderoxylon chrysophylloides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 123. 1803. Sclerocladus tenax Raf. Sylva Tell. 35. 1838. Scleroxus tenax Raf. Aut. Bot. 73. 1840. An unarmed or thorny shrub, or small tree, 2-9 meters tall, its twigs, the lower surface of the leaf-blades and the in- florescence clothed with a lustrous silky pubescence, at first whitish, becoming tawny or brownish. Stem seldom over 16cm. in diameter; leaves numerous; blades oblanceolate, obovate-spatulate or obovate (those of the twigs sometimes in- clined toward oblong-elliptic), 2-7 mm. long, obtuse or retuse, glabrous above, slightly revolute; petioles 2-5 mm. long; fascicles many-flowered; pedicels slender, 8-13 mm. long, or rarely shorter, very slightly enlarged upward; sepals concave, suborbicular, 1-5.2 mm. long, erose-denticulate or entire, rounded at the apex or notched; appendages ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often erose on one side; staminodia ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse; berries obovoid or oblong-obovoid, 10-14 mm. long, often tipped by the slender persistent style. (447.) In thickets and sandy soil, mostly near the coast, North Carolina to Cape Canaveral and Cedar Keys, Florida. Flowers during the spring, matures its fruit in the fall. Descriptions of new North American Thorns. By N. L. Brirton. Cratarcus Brownll n. sp. A shrub, glabrous throughout. Spines slender, 2-3 cm long; leaves obovate to oval-obovate, obtuse or obtusish at the apex, narrowed or cuneate at the base, thin, irregularly crenate with distinctly rounded teeth, slender-petioled, 4-6 cm. long, some of them occasionally flabellate ; corymbs 5-8 cm. broad, 8-15 flowered; pedicels slender; bracts linear, very glandu- lar; flowers about 1.5 cm. wide. Type from Buchanan, Va., collected by Hon. Addison Brown, May 19, 1892; collected also by Dr. John K. Small, on Kate’s Mountain, near White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., May 16, 1892. Both specimens in the herbarium of Colum- bia University. CrararEcus EGGERTII n. sp. Thorns 3-6 cm. long. Foliage sparingly pubescent when young, glabrous when mature; leaves ovate-orbicular, often as broad as long, dull green above, pale beneath, sharply and irregularly serrate or somewhat lobed, mostly truncate or subcordate at the base, acute or acutish at the apex, slender- petioled, 5-12 cm. long ; pedicels and calyx glabrous or nearly so ; flowers 2—2.5 cm. broad ; corymbs several-flowered ; bracts very glandular; fruit subglobose, large, sometimes nearly 2 cm. in diameter, glaucous. Type from St. Louis, Mo., in woods in clay soil, collected by H. Eggert, May 9 and October 9, 1887; specimens in herbarium of Columbia University. The following specimens have also been studied : Missouri: Courtney, July 12, 1892, B. F. Bush; Dodson, B. F. Bush, July 18, 1899; Monteer, B. F. Bush, July 26, 1899. Kansas: Riley Co., J. B. Norton, April 27, 1895. (448) CraTaEcus PorTERI, n. sp. A glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate, dark green and shining above, paler beneath, 6-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, sharply irregularly serrate and slightly lobed, the base narrowed or cuneate, the apex acute, the slender petiole about one-third the length of the blade; pedicels slender; fruit pyriform, about 1.4 cm. long and I cm. in diameter, pruinose; calyx-lobes entire. Type collected by myself at Tannersville, Monroe Co., Penn., July 4, 1896, in company with Prof. Thos. C. Porter of Lafayette College, and preserved in the herbarium of Columbia University. The species differs from C. prauznosa (Wendl.) Beadle (Mespilus pruinosa Wendl.), in its pyriform, not globose pomes, and thicker firm and shining leaves. CRATAEGUS OCCIDENTALIS n. sp. A shrub or small tree, sometimes 6-7 m. high. Thorns slender, about 3 cm. long; pedicels and calyx pubescent; leaves oval or slightly obovate, irregularly serrate and some- times slightly lobed, mostly obtuse at the apex, and narrowed or subcuneate at the base, 4-7 cm. long, 3 or 4 cm. wide, slender-petioled, pubescent beneath, at least on the veins; corymbs several-flowered; flowers about 1.5 cm. wide; fruit oval-globose, about r cm. long. Types in herbarium of Columbia University collected by Prof. E. L. Greene, near Golden, Colo., 1873, along streams, in flower; on river-bank near the Forks of Dismal River, Hooke Co., Nebr., collected by Dr. P. A. Rydberg, July 11, 1893, in fruit. The species is, perhaps, nearest related to C. tomentosa L. Also collected by Mr. R. S. Williams at Columbia Falls, Mont., May 19, 1897 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden). CRATAEGUS TENUIFOLIA Nn. sp. A shrub, the thorns slender, slightly curved, 5—6 cm. long. Leaves very thin, even when mature, ovate, acute or short- acuminate at the apex, narrowed, or some of them subtruncate at the base, incised-serrate and lobed, 6-10 cm. long, with short hairs on the upper surface, the very slender petiole half (449) the length of the blade, or more; pedicels slender; fruit pyri- form, over 1 cm. long, 8-9 mm. thick; calyx-lobes glandular- serrate. Type from south fork of the Holston River, Va., collected by myself, June 15, 1892, preserved in herbarium of Colum- bia University. CRATAEGUS CAMPESTRIS n. sp. Thorns stout, 4-6 cm. long; mature leaves firm, densely and finely pubescent and prominently straight- a haga dull and with short scattered hairs above, 6-9 cm. long and nearly as wide, sharply and somewhat irregularly serrate pedicels slender, pubescent; fruit globose, 1-1.5 cm. in di- ameter, pubescent when young Type in herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected by B. F. Bush in woods, Tarsney, Mo., July 3, 1898. Also found by the same collector at Dodson, Mo., July 18, 1899, and by Professor A. S. Hitchcock in Chero- kee Co., Kansas, in 1896. CRATAEGUS PYRIFORMIS Ni. sp. Twigs light gray. Leaves broadly oval, or obovate-oval, dull, 6-8 cm. long, when mature glabrous above, pubescent, especially on the veins beneath, rather finely serrate nearly all around, not lobed, the blade decurrent into the petiole ; pedicels slender ; fruit pyriform, about 1 cm. long. Type from Monteer, Mo., along river bottom, collected by B. F. Bush, August 16, 1899, preserved in herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. INDEX. (Names of Genera in ttalic.] Abies, 230, 236, 372, 377 Abronia, 2 Abutilon, 137, 216, 239, 353, 382 Acacia, 137, 239, 381 0, 370 7) 185, 317, 326, 394 Acer, 137, “200, ee 234, 370, 375 hs ds bs DS BK A A A ag Act of Incorpora’ Act of ine poauoe: Aeaa ment) 54 Adenophora, 222, 360 Adiantum, 137, 203, 236, 341, 377 issi and Re ae of Stu- Seo paces for, 418 348 Ado ae ae Adopogon, ies on 222, 360 AEri aes, 137, 237, 3 A Lechunan ie us, Aesthynomene, 213, 351, 38% Aesculus, ei ee Phe Po 370, 376 ‘Aethionema Agapan i Agastache, 137, 219, 357 Agasyllis, Agave, 137, 237, 345, 378 Ageratum, 137, 361 Aglaonema, 236, 378 Agreement with Columbia University, oo Agri 137, 199, 212, 350 A ie byron 137, 196, a 342 ALTOS: Ma, 137, 209, 347 Agrostts, 137, 196, 204, 342 oe ee 200, 230, 370 4 137, eee ee a 371 A Ichemilla, ee 212, 350 Aletes, 217, 355 Aletris, 138, 206, 278, 344 ‘Alfredia , 361 lisma, 138, 19) 9, 347 Allium, 138, 197, 206, 279, 344, 393 Allotment of the Grounds, 49 Alnus, 138, 198, 226, 229, 231, 365, ‘Alocasia: 236, 378 re 211, 349 Amaranthus, 138, 208, 347 rs 222, 361 138, 227, 233, 366 endaient) to the Act of Incorporation, A aig 138 Ail We bhe. a oe 227, 351, 366 mpelopsts, 138, 371 msonia, 138, 218, 356 138, pioneon 138, 295 204, 342, 431 ae 218, 3 ndryala, 138 enone. a8 ae 2I0, 348 ngelica, 217 PRRDSRARDAREEARDARR AL S BER S i= 33 Sk Pa rae, . 56 98, 243 s for Patrons, Fellows for es Report of Committee on Patrons, Fellows, and 98, 243 Anogra, 21 ‘Anomodon. 195, 3 An outline of Ree ei subjects offered by.. w ae Botanic ee o ar- den and, De t. . Bot: Co- lum bia a University, Anthoceros, Antholyza, ae Anthoxanthum, 138, 196, 204, 342 (451) (452 ) Anthurium, 138, 236, 378 Anthyllis, 213, 351 Anltirrhinum, 138, 358 rae oe 199, 347 Aplopappus, 223, 361 Appropriations, Expenditures under, Ayah 130, 198, ae 349, 9, 393 Ara chnosper um, 223 Aralia, 139 DoE 217, 227, 230, 355, 367 Deciduous, 34 List of Families in the (including 8 Pinet Fe 3 Arctium 223, 361 Aretostaphyes, Pees 356 retotts, eas, ies as 42 serve, 46 veC@, 139, 236 renaria, 9, 199, 209, 347 rethusa Leeee : 0, 349, 38: entinad, 212, 350 riocarpus. 3 2 1971 206, 343 ristida, 133. ‘196, 393, 43} ristolochia 139, 308, a6. 371, 380 302 27, 366 rrhenatherum, 204, 3 aiaaalo 139, 223, fee * 68 ales 139 an cus, 139, 212, 350 Reeeaepeees BARRA DS AAA RRR & y x rundinari undinella, 139, 204, 342 rundo, : Sarum, 139, 198, 208, 346 sclepias, 139, as ae 356, 385 scyrum, 139, 216 tmMINa, 139, 226, 365 sparagis 139, "98 207, 237, 345, 378 wld, 139, 221, 359 eine a 206, 344 ee 34 pidist splenium 149, 195, 203, 341, 377 Assistant, General, Report of, 337 Aster, 139, 2 233, Pi 392 stragalus, ae 213, 351 thyrium, 2 Sods As Sas De DS y aQ a AS S tropa, 140, 220, 358 Aubrietia, ali, 349 Aucuba, Aulaconinium, 92 Avena, 140, 196, 204, 342 Azalea, 140, 201, 235, 368, 376 Baccharis, 368 Baeria, 140 Ballota, 219, 3. Ba, aptisia, 140, a Barbarea, 140, 199, 211, 349 Barbula, 195 Basella, 347 Bazzania, 195 , 26, 365 2 232, 365, 374 Betonica, 357 Betula, 140, 198, 226, 229, 231, 365, 369, 373 Bicuculla, 199, 211, 349 Bidens, 10, 20, 223, 362 Bigelovia Billbergia ce 378 Biscutella, ee 211, 349 la scieduie ot Expenditures during ees ve Ss Appropriations made écneaaie of Expenditures during 1899 under pelea made 9 Boltonia, 140, 223, 362 Borders, 27 ’ d, List of Families Wotanieat Contributions, 257, 419 pone Exploration ‘of Porto Rico, 09 Housed Garden, List of Plants in the oS of the New York. , and - ee Greenhouse, 137 Map Plan’ of. ine New York, 62, 86 aa mae of Columbia University, outline of Research subjects oes red by... New York Botanical on and - y 416 Botany of M ern Bin mee ny 341, 393 Bougainvillea, 238, 381 (453 ) Natio 140, 204 Bowles Br He he Brach 4, 342 Brachythecium, ne 5. 39, Bradburya, 31 Briza, je Brodiae Bromus, 16, "196, 204, 342 Bronx, Bronx Pat o pega Williamsbridge and, Breas. River, Die ersion from its old 78 Map of the er, 81 Broussonetia, 140, 229, 369 UgMaNSta, Bryophyllum, 381 Bryophyta, 195, 392 ryum B 195, 392 Buddleia, 140, 235, 368 Building, Museum, Description of the, 107 Buildings and their Locations, 30, 174, Bulbilis, 140, 204, 342 Bulbine, 140, 344 ulletin, 112 Bu ae , The Genus in North Amer- ica. Buntas, 140, 2 » 349 ree nnn 140, 223, 362 ae 140, 217, 355 Bu 14 Buineria, ae 232, 365 uxbau Buxrus, 234 367 375 By-Law: Cacaltia, 140, 223 Cactus, 140, Fak 239, 354, 382 Caladium, 343 ih 196, 204, 342 Ca aminiha, Calamoz ilfa, ie 2 alandrinia, 141, 209 Calanthe, 141, 237 Calceolarta, 141 Calendula, Var, 228, 362 Calimerts 362 Calisace, Ca. Hearpa ae 228, 368 14 at, 216, 283, 353 2 Campanula, 141, 202, ee 360, 385 Camptosorus, I4I, 203, 341 Canna, 207, 346; 379 Cannabis, 141 Capn 2oides, I4I, 199, 211, 349 Capsicum, 385 Caragana, 141, 213, 227, 234, 366, 375 Carbenia, 141 Cardamin , 14 Cardtospermunt, 141, 239, 382 Carduus, 141, 203, 223, 362 Care of the Grounds, 110, 125. 180, 305 Plantations, 10 Carex, 141, 197, 205, 343, 378 Carica, ee Carling, 2 362 a 198, 229, 231, 369, 373 es nUs, T41, 362 1 357 239, 351, 381 » 348, 37, stanea, 141, pe 229, 231, 369, 373 Castilleja, 220, Catalogue, Card as Catalpa, 141, 230, 371 Catananche, 141, 223, 362 Caulophyllum, 142, 210, 349 Caylu 142 canoer we 142, = Rae 234, 367, 376 Cedrela, 142, 229, 3 Celastrus, 142, 200, ar 371 Celosia, 2 20, 358, 385 Centaurea, 142, 223, a 377 Centranthus, 142, 360 is) ay VE > ae x S) zs = ss 8 ian - Cephailaria, 142, 221, 3360 Cephalozia, 1 Cerastium, 209, 347 Ceratodon, 195 Cercidophylium, 142, 226, 229, 365, 369 Cercts, 142, 227, 234, 366, 375 ctic America an e Rocky Mountains, 257 strum, 212, 38 nae, lochloa, 142, 196, 204, 3. amaecyparis, 142, ae rae 372 amaedaphne, 142, pede 206, a7 erton, 217, 355 2 agaggoon 53 236, 378 ‘hannel, Giveion of the Bronx from its ve Chartets 2, 360 Charter. a ie Greater New York, Pro- eye ie : 393 Chenopodinin, a 208, 346 Chimaphila, 142, 201, 218, 356 (454) Ch Daan 142, 228, 368 Chrospe Cyeion ye $, 378 Chrys ne 142, 203, 224, 242, 363, Chrys ie Re eapleniin: 393 cer, 143, chorium, el ae 222 ela, 143, 201, 217, 355 mug, 145, 210, 348 adrasits, 143, 234, 375 arkia, % aytonia, 143, 209, 3 matis, 143, 199, 10, 7 032, 348, 371, 373 349 368 ies oe 228, 367, 376 imacino, 195 nopodium, 219, 357 .S: ne LLOYLa, 230, 381 Luta, 373 PORE ESSE TSS eee eee sees Coccoloba, 143 238 Cocculus, 371 Cocos, 143, 236 Codiaeum, 381 Coelogyne, 143, re 379 OLX, 143, 204, 3 Cola, 23 CG coleosanthes, 224, 363 8 Soliection, Herbaceous, 203 Sollections, Economic, Report ea the saokeng Curator of, 252, 3 Col. » 143 Conon 143, 219, 357 Collomia, 143, 35 Columbia’ University, Agreement with, 19 Herbarium and Botanical Library of, 298 outline of Research subjects of- ted by New York Botanical Colutea, 143, 213, 234, 351, 366, 375 Gane es 198, 208, 346 aru, 143, 212, 350 8, e Malad elina, 143, 206, 343, 378 Report of the Plans, 23 Reece of Public Parks, Reso- lutions of, 13, 14, 90 Committee Patrons, Fellows and Ann Members, Report of, 98 aap on Diane. eile of, 47, 87 ocarpa, 21 2, 365 Conse 143) Bie ie 364 Contun, 143, 2 Conringia, 143, Constitution, 8 mstruction of eae Jerome Park Reser- rary Railway for, 111, 125 Contract for Construction of Museum Building, 92 for Construction of Horticultural Houses, 175 Contributions, ae 257, 419 Convallaria, 20 Convolvulus, 143, an, 218, 242, 356, 371 305 Conyza, 22 Cooperia, 207, 345 Corallorhiza, 143, 425 Corchorus, 143 Cordylin Corie. 143, 224, 363 Coriandrum, o 217 Coriaria, 143) 2 Corispermus m, g fe Cornus, 143, 201, 227, 230, 235, 367, 370 3 Coronilla, 143, 213, 227, 351, 366 Corpor ation, ae of the, 5 Corrigiola, 347 ihe Se 143, 226, 365 athens 143, 1 225,.231, 365 nephorus, 204 Cor phe. Cotinus, 143, 227, 230, 367, 370 Cotoneaster, te 227, 233, 366, 375 Cotyledon, 3, Cousinia, o. Crambe, 143 Crassula, 238, 381 Crata wee 143, 200, 227, 229, 233, 366, Stee oe Cine ne 360 Crinum, 243, 20}, 237 345, 378 Crotalaria, 143, 2 Cruciane Ua, 143, i 360 cr -yplogramme. 20 Cryptomeria, a ae 372 Cryplosiemma, 2 Cultivation, Zist of Families under, in the various Plantations, 390 Cunila, Bt 3 onomic Col- Curculigo, 37 Cyclam en, 241, Cyclanthera, ah 222 Cycloloma, Cydonia, 366 Cymbalaria, Cymbidium, 144, 237, 379 Cynanchum, a 56 Cynara, 144, 2 Cynoglossum, ak 219, 357 (455) Cynosurus, 144, 204 Cyperus, 144, 197, 206, 236, 343, 378 Cypripedium, 2 ae 237, 346, 379 Cyrtodetra, 242, 38. Cyriomium, 236, 3 oe Cystopteris, 195, 203, 3 Cytisis, 144, 234, 351, a6, 375 ty1tS, 144, 196, 204, 342 aie. 224, 363 alibarda, ‘212 one, I44, 196, 204, 342 aph ire, M4 235: 3 76 RSRERSSESSSS > Ss & . ARS : > FO bo eringa, 144, 201, 217, 355 escham psia, 144, 204 Tipti f a new Stonecrop from | ee a ee a ay g = Ss Q x 2 & a ~ . wn PS Sof Eas OF 7 Ne} ~ 0 is} ~ a oO sg 3 Mex ico, 257 . the Ndsevim ee 167 h the Horticultural O eiees with re 4, new my 7 American Thorns, 447 De. smanthi Deutzia, 14d, 26, 232, 365, 374 Dian ies i, 209, 347, 393 92 Dichelyma, 3 Dike. 145, 195, 236 icotyledones, 208 Dicranella, 195, oe Tali 5, 39 7clamnus, 145, . +35 Didiscus, 45 : oe Dieffenbachia, 237, 378 Prervilla, 145, 228, 235, 368, 376 Dietes, 379 Digit fae AAs: 220, 359 Dimeria, Dimorphantius, 145, 227 mor photheca, 145, 224, 363 Doe tOSCO 198, 37 LOSPYTOS, 145, 2351 376 Diphylleta, 349 Diplachne, 292 Diplotaxis, 14 Dipsacus, 145, 221, 360 Dirca, 145, 227, 367 Director- in- Chief Provisional Regula- tions for the Office of, 52 of Secretary and, 106, 122, Dive: Ae ie Laboratories, Report of, : Directors, Scientific, Report of, 414 Disporum, 3 Dttrichum, 195, 392 Diversion of the Bronx River from its old Channel, 78 Dodecatheon, 145, ‘218, 356 Dolichos, 145, 2 13, 381 Dondia TGS fag Dismbcaus Dryopteris, igs, "195; 203, 236, 341, 377; Duchesnea, 35° 381 , Dugaldea, 363 Eato 145, 196 Ec eed, 145, 238, 381 Echinais, 224 Echinocactus, SS 217, 240, 354, 383 E, C AC Bee 7 Echino ce 245, oi en Echium, 145, 219 ipta, 1 EC Economic Collections, neo of the onorary Curator of, 252, 322 onomic Garden, 41 atinotdes, 3 359 aeagnus, 145, 227, 235, 367, 376 ephantella, 35) eocharis, 145, 197, 206, 343 ellaria, 237, 379 eusine, 145 sholtzia, 357 ys, i. 196, 204, 342 1e4, 346 milta, 363 mployed Persons, and their Work, 183 146 25 pena 392 ae 146, 238, 380 igaea, eae “ae, 201, 217, 355 Hite 146, eg Pipi 146, 240, 383 uit, 146, 196, ot 341 fe ei 146, 196, 204 7, 305 6, 204, 342, 429 rigeron, 146, 203, 224, 363 TiuUus, 146, 220 riogonunt, ue 208, 34 rodium, 146, 215, 352 rUUM, 351 ryngium, 146, 217, 355 a RE OU ONO De ee ee ee ee See os. (456 ) SEMI um, 2 » 14 ucharis, 1 46, 2 237, 379 uelidium, 211, 349 UL ENTA, 146, 241, 384 uonymus, 146, 200, 227, 234, 367, 375 upatorium, 146, 203, 224, “na 363, 385 uphorbia, 146, 200, 215, 239, 353, 381 rye, 2 393 146, 203, 224, 363 boas 28 285 xchanges, Last of, 185, 326 “46, 226, 233, 365, 374 pate iaees "during 1897 under Ap- by the Board, fesdesdesptsdesftslcoftsicstesicstesitsicsAtsitsissicsTtsics 3 Schedule of, during 1898 under Ap- pr opriations made by the Board, anes Appropriations made by the Board of Managers, 134 Exploration, Botanical, of Porto Rico, 182, 309 on Seen ee 208, 346 Fagus, 146, 1 ee 29, 231, 369 Faicaia, 146, 20 , 352 Families, Lice of under cultivation, 86, 387, 388, 389, 390 pid daaas 211, 349 0, 385 mbers, Report of Com- ee on Patrons, 98, 243, 401 Fell ows, Annual Membersa , 112 Fellow ir ae e, Provisions’ for Pa- ie. . an al Members, 7 Ferula 146 Fesiu uca, 146, 196, 204, 342 Ficaria, 14 Ficus, 147, 238, 380 Filifera, 1 Fimobristylis S, 343 Financial Statement, Condensed, 162 95, 392 d,1 Foentculum, 147, 217, 355 orest Areas, forsythia, 147, 228, 235, 368 fourcroya, 147, 237 Fragaria, 147, 199, 212, 350 Frasera, 218, Fraxinus, Fruti Pier m2, e 226, 337, 364 List of Families n, 387 > Opa 8. & Furcraea, 379 Fusidium, 425 Gaillardia, ne 224, 363 239 Galega, 147, 213, 352 Galeopsis, 219, 357 Galinsoga, 147, 224, 363 Galium, 147, 202, 221, 360 Galionia, 344 arden, hoe 3 Sonica nae f Plants in the Grounds of the New York. , and mporary Greenhouse, 137 Plan of es New York, 8&6 Econ , 41 Gardener, Head, edd of, 334 Gardens, rae 207, ae General Con siderations, 2 Plan for ie oe ce of Museums, 50 Genista, 147, 213, 234, 352, 366, Gentiana, 147, 201, 218, 356 corgia, 392 Gerantum, T47s, ee 215, 353, 393 227, Gerardia, 147, 2 erbera, 224, 3 Geum, 147, ee ae 350 Gilta, 147, 218, 356 inkgo, 147, ae 36: Gladiolus, 34: Glauctunzt, 14 8, 211, See » 148, 201, Gleditsta, 148, 200, yee ol 370, 375 Globba, Godetia, 355 Grading, 44, 109, 124, 178, 303 aay og from the Southern States, Seiten 290 eae 202 Gr eenhouse, 339 mporaty, 1 125, 236 ‘List of unliees in, an Grevillea, 380 Gr 148, 224 Grounds, Allotment of, Cc S, 37 Lists of Plants i in, 1898, 195 Gi 148, 224, 363 ulterr eri, 224 Gymnocladus, 148, 234, 375 Gypsophila, 148, 209, 347 Gyi -oslachys, 148, 198, 207 (457) enaria, a 198, 207, 346 ablitzta, ae aloragis, cmarelts 18 199, 226, 365 aplo ee aworthia, ar ae 378 ebenstreitia, us, on 359 2, 361 edy'sarum, nek 213, 239, 352 eria, 2. no 148, 7 4, 363 elianthella 3, soar nt 148, 200, 216, 235, 354 eltamthus, 148, 203. 224 363 Lt : 36 eliolropiunt, 357, 385 elleborus, 148, 210, 348 148, 198, 206, 344 ppatiea: to 199, 34 cea us Collection, List of Families 86 fe ae Ret RR RR ae eR i bee oS ¢ Fe sacle 148, 217, 355 Herbace Ground «37, 337) 341 Fleuchera, 148, 199, 212 Hibiscus, 148, 200, a ae 239, 354, 307, 302 Hicoria, 148, 198, 228, 231, 369, 373, 393 Hieractunz, 148, 202, 222, 361, 393 es a 196, 342 Hordes, 205, 342 cultural ate Contract for Con- pr ruction of, Description of the Range of, with lates, 164 undings of the Range of, 305 erg 148, ne 289, 360 a 148, 234, 376 378 > 1 373 Lfyacinthus, 206, 344 Hydrangea, 149) ae 232, 365, 374, 381 Para 149, 210, 348 peace 342, a 7 Hydrocotyle, 149, 201, 217, 355 Hydrol ea 385 Aydy -ophyllunt, 149, 219, 356 Hymenocallis, 207, 345 Hymenopappus, 224 yes 358 Hy pecoum, 3 349 TEE es, 149, 200, 216, 227, 282, 354, Hyp oy » 195, 393 Hystrix, 149, 196. Lberts, 149, 211, 349 flex, 149, 200, 237, 230, 367, 370, 375 Iilumin ating Gas S, Wapeiee 2S, 149, 200, 16 353 ne erporation, ‘Act 0 ndment to the Act of, 54 Gylicce ra 213, 381 Insu ante 182 Inula, 149, 224, es 149, ye 8 371, 376, 385 ria, 34 tea, 149, 226, 365 Lua, 149, 290, 361 Jas 149, 222 aie eats s 149, 2 ©, 349 ome Par eee Temporary ailway for the Consinuccen of, 12 Jugians, 149, 198, 228, Juncus, 149, 1 a iba 149, nes. Bs 230, 369, 372 er: Jussiaed, ae ey cia, 149, 2, 359, 385 alanchoé, 381 almia, 149, 201, 235, 368, 376 ae 381 entia 236 Ahi heed 225 ernera, 349 342 jelreuiea. 149, 234, 376 oniga, 149, 2 Os eee 7 vraunhia, 234, 3 rubera, 235, 3 37 ae eae Cuhnia, 225, 3 vuhniste era, es 213, 352 Swnzta, 35 5T 9 371, 381 76 PeEtiettatrtatatatetctatatatatatetetatebetete aOR — ans “Rf M aN - N is} = iS) é be w a an (458 ) Kyllinga, 378 Labels, 17, 315, 339 La boratories, 08 Re of ‘Director of, 331 4, 37, u Laelia, 149, 238, 380 Lagener a, 385 L agerstroemia, a 241, 384 and Pond “I< Lapsana, 22 phd, Poli 156, 2 230, 369, 372 355 LAVQUKIA, 217, 355 Lechea, 150, 200, 216, 354 ectures, 17, 21, 112, es 181, 308 edu 68 m, reicesteria, 368 efeunea, 195 ee 150, 107 150 a 150, 202, 222, 361 Feontopad um, 225; 363 SA A es on 359 Leptobryum, 1g Léplorchis, 150, 208, 346 , 150 Leskea, 195 Lespedeza, 150, 200, 214, 227, 352, 366 LEUCOOr YUM, 195, 392 LEUCOE eae 6, €Uucojzunt, 1 Leucothoé, = 228, 235, 284, 368, 376 Levisticum, 355 LEYCESLEY LA, 235 ibrarian, Report of the Acting, 325 brary, 112, 126, 181, 306 ieusticum, 150, 217, 228, 355 tgustrum, 368 eee 150, ee 206, 344 Limnanthes melanin. Be LIMONIUM, 150, 218, 356 LtNAria, 150, 202, 220, 359 Lindelofia, 75 219, 357 Linadher 225 Salina fe Ltt , 150, 200, 215, 353 pia, 219, 357 ‘ida moar, 150, I 50, I ee , 36 List of ‘Bachanges ee ie amilies in the Arboretum (in- eaige Pinetum), 3 Of Families in the een 387 iecdladeed elec lad al wlnlnlse a wlnlelelulvivinielwivisivivivivivivivivlvlelclclelalclelelelerels C C q 1 2 ay % a ithe Lower Bronx River, 81 Mare I51 Marri, 219, 357 Martinezia a, 378 Martynta, 151, 221, 359 ‘aruta, 22 Mate rial, Accessions of, 113, 127, 185, Matricarta, 151, 225, 363 Matthtola, 151 ie ic 385 Medeo\a, ree 198, 207, 345 icago, 151, 200, 214, 352 Mesapiertane 15], 355 (459 ) M€etbomia, 151, 200, 214, 352, 381 Welaleu uca, 384 Mi , 151, 202, 220 Melasphaerula 379 is st 205 Melilolus, I5I, 200, 214, 352 elissa, 151, ero 357 ochia, 382 mibers, Annual, 5, 7, 56, 98, 112, 243, Jentspermum, 232, 371 sles oo ene 217, 354, 368 Meas 151, ne 353 ertolix, 21 HD ryanthensiim, ISI, 238, 347, 381 Meteorological Observations, 310 Metencciay ve oS nen of anew Stonecrop 1 Nieroseras ae Aftlla, 207 eh 381 US, 151, 202, 220, 359 Miltonta, 151, 238, 380 ‘ — = a a= ea of - a na en I5t, Aftichella, 151, Ae ee an ttella, 350 Mnium, 195, 392 Mo. hrodendrén, oe ee 235, 370 Mollugo, 152, 199, 2 Moluccella: 152, Tomorate a, 3 Monarda, 152, 219, 357, 385 Monocotyledones, 204, 342 Me Uicneiope” a 2, 419 Mo onotropacene “The Roots and Mycor- hizas of some of the (with plates), . 9 -Wonslera, 378 Mo titan a, Botany of, 182 Montbretia, 207 Aorus, 152, 198, 226, 229, 231, 365, 369, 373 Mosla pe aeaacale 316 Mecca Buildin ug, erent of, 167 eport of the Curator of, 311 Museums, 50, 112, 126, 167, 181, 307, 311, and Herbarium, 112, 126, 181, 307, 317 eneral Plan for Arrangement of, 50 ALustneon, 217, 355 ycorhizas, of some of the Monotro- pac eae, Roots and, (with plates), 41 a 219, 357 15. 2 ee ae 364 Mohn, 378 Iyrlus, 384 Nabalus, 152, 202, 222, 361 Narcissus, 230, 372 Nazta, Nelumbo, oe 373 » 356 owe. shingtonia, soe 7 Wepeia. 152, 201, 219, 3. TP , 152, 236, ae Nestia eo Neviusia, 226, 365 New Southern Crees 290 Nicandra, 358 Nicotiana, 15 » 358 i ssehaelg 237, 37 mberg a 25% 358 Wie ella, 152, 2 lana, 152, 358 rth American Thorns, Descriptions 7 Nurseries aed Does 42, 230, 339, 372, 88 30 Nurseries, Permanent, 42 Wynpiaes, 152, 199 IWy5ssa, 152, 201, 230, 370 Observations, Meteorological, 310 3) Ocimum, 35 Odontoschisma Office, ‘Tem » 309 Onpiuiede. sie 219, 357 2) @, 152, 201, Ophi loglossum, 152, 203, 341 Ophrys, 152 ian ade 378 Opulaster, 152, 226, 233, 365, 374 Opus ve 152, 201, 217, 240, 354, 383 Orchts, 153, 208, 34 ee 153, 201, 219, 358 Or aya, Ore Hogaunn, 1,153) 198, 207, 345 Orasthapis 3 Orontium, Orthotrichiimy 195, 392 ryza, Oo 153 Orabus, 1 Osmunda, 153, 195, 203, 341 Ostrya, 153, 229, 231, 369 Oxali o 153, 200, 215, 234, 239, 353, 381 OxVCO ae 5, 368 Oud nro, 3153; 235, 376 Oxytropts ( 460 ) Pachylophus, 217, 355 Pace si andra, 234, 375 Paconia, 153, 210, 226, 232, 348, 365, 373 Paltur 1 227, o6 Panax, 153, 201, 217, 235, 241, 355, 376 Pancr ese tum, 20 07, 3 345 Pandan Paice. 153, 196, 205, 236, 342, 378, 393 Pa nicularia, 153, 196, 205, 342 » 349 Parietaria, 153, 346 Paris, 153 Park Department, Work of, on the ads, 18 Reservoir, Temporary meee Rs a Construction of the Jer 125 sewer, i leebrdee and Bronx, Par nasi, 183 212 a, 34 1 363 ey 371, 376 , 153, 197; 205; 2 434 Passifore 153) 239, pe sae reriiaasag, 201, 21 ie Paths, 30, 304 Patrons, Fellows and Annual Member. TS, of Committee on, 98, 243, rae List of, 8 Provisions for, Fellows for life and nual 1 Members, 7, 8, 98, 343, Paulow 153, 230, 235, 37% Pe 239 82 Pedicularis, 153, 202, 220 Pegan. Pe largonium, oo 239, 353, 381 Pellaea, 153, 203, 236, 341, 377 P laeire ee 206 Pellaphylluna, 212, pee Peltaria, 349 Penniselu 4. Peniorig. 153, 199 phil 20M, 153, 220, 359 Peperomia, 380 Per haiti, 154, 208 Pereskia, 154, a 384 Periploca, 371 Peristrophe, Permanent cies 45 Persous Employ ed and their Work, 183 Petasites, 154, 225, 363 Peltvert elunta, eCucedanUum, 154, 218, 355 Hach, Phacelia, 154, Phaedranassa, 207, 345 Phajus, 154, 237, 380 Phegopteris, 154, 196, 203, 341 Pheilodendron, 154, 229, 370 Philadelphus, 154, 226, ee 374 7, 205; 3 Ly Phyllocactus, 154, 241, 384 Physalts, 154, o ea 220, 356 Physaria, 154, nysosteria, 2, 3s Phyteuma, 222, Phytolacca, 154, 13 200, 347 Piaropus, 154, 237, 344, 378 Picea, oe 230, 236, 372, 393 Picridiu Picris, oe . 225, 361 Pieris, 368 Pilea, See I ag 241, 384 Pilica 363 Pil ama: Pimpinelta, Teh 218, 355 ee cos 196, 228, 230, 236, 369,372, Pisum, 154, 214, 375 Plage a. 195, 393 Plan of the New York Botanical Garden, Planera, 154, 226, Plans, 23 47, 87, 106, Ce ission, Report of, 23,47, 87, 106 Committee on, 47, 87 Plantago, 154, 202, 221, 288, 359, 393 Platanus, 154, 199, 229, 233, 370 Plant: tations, Care of, 108, 390 List amilies under Cultivation of F in the, 390 Planting, 108, 12 Plants and Planti el 171 Plants in the Grounds Lists of, 137, 195 Platycerium, 154, 236, Platyclinis, 38 Flatycodon, 154, 222, 360 Plectr anthus, 0, 0, 358 Pleione, 1 4, : 38, 380 Pleroma, 241, 38 eae 392 P mbago, 154) ae a 384 Poa, ae 197, 205, Podolepis, 1 Po ophylinse 155, 210, 349 Polanisia, 211, 350 Po emonium, 155, 219, 356 Polycarpaea, . Polygala, 155) 2 OLYLONALUN, ae 198, 207, 345 Po ES te 155, 1 ce gee, 346, 371 Polymnia, 155, 2 Po ‘pod in, "ss, ee 203, 236, 377 Polypog. Po stich a 377 Polytrichum, 195 (46r ) Ponds, Lakes and, 39 Pontederia, 155; 19 ae 185, 198, 228, 231, 360, 372 nthus, 155; 212, 351 ae Botanical Exploration of, ees 9 Por 199, 347 Potentilla. 155, 199, 212, 351 Potita 392 Pourthiaea, Provisions Patri rons, s, Fellows for life ne Annual tenet a Pru Ree 201, 22 pies 155, 200, De 233, 366, 370, 375 seudotsuga, 155, 230, 236, yolaearike 155, 241, 3 384 eed byty ie: x gS fe && x 4 OAS a N in) a ya x P 1 195, 203, 341, 377, 393 Plerts, 155, 203, 236, 377 Plerospo ra, 420 Plerostyrax, 156 228, 368 1 d hey Public Comfort Station, 175, 299 Publications, 308 Pubic 15, 210, 348 Punica, 156, 241 Purshia, 213 Pyrola, 156, 201, 218, 356 d ian, 156 Pyrus., , 156, 200, 227, 229, 233, 366, 370, 395 ae eae 345 Que Be 198, 226, 229, 231, 365, 369, "3, 380 Ray oe for the Construc- of Jerome Park Reservoir, ae ge Range of the Horticultural Houses, Description of, with illustration, 16. acne ree pe 199, 210, 348, 393 195 g1 Provisional, for the Office of the Diree Relive i ce Report of Committee ou Patro , Fel- lows and Annual Members, 98, 243, 401 of Committee on Plans, 47, 87 of the ing Tibrarian: 2 the Director of the (boca. f of the General Assistant, 337 of the Head Gardener, 334 eee of the Honorary Curator of Eco- mic Collections, 252, 322 ns Co issi of the Tre er, 18, 41 aerial An Outline of es Of- y... New k Botanical Garden and. t. of Botany, mbia Une 41 Reseda, ge 212, 350 Reservoir, Temporary Railway for the a aoe oe of the Jerome Park, Rhaga aan Rome ee an 227, 234, 367, 376 Rhipsalis, 156, 2 Rhododendron, ae an 368, 376 Rhodora, 226, 3 66 248 234, 367, 370, 375 239 SMa en ee a Ribes, 156, 226, 232, 365, 374 Ricera, 19 Richardsonia, 1°; 360 Ricinus, 156, 216 Paths, 183, 3 Robinia, oo 200, 227, as 234, 366, 370, 375; Rae 138 239, 381 Rod Rondetelia, 242, 385 Roots and Mycorh izas of some of * Mon elronscce (with plates), Ps pe 156 199, 211, 349 09, 226, 233, 366, 371, 374 » 360 Rubus, 157, 199, 213, 226, 233, 351, 366, Rud beckia, 157, 225, 364 Ruellia, 157, 221, fe ae Rumex, 157; 7, 198, 208, ue 381, 303 Russelia, 242, 385 Ruta, 157, 215, 353 abal, oe 236, 378 157 Sabbatia Sagittarta, 196 SEpauia 242, alix, 157, ae Pe 228, 231, 257, 364, Cae I Salvia, 157, 220, 358, 385 Spnbee 157, 202, 236, 376 Sonica 157, 201, 218 Santolina, ‘87, 225, 364 ( 462 ) Sapindus, 157, 227, 367 Sapium, 382 Siboeane. 157, 199, 209 Saracha, 157, 220, 358 Sarcodes, 420 Sarothra, 157; ia 216, 354 arracenia, Pane haey pi 1, 229, 370 4. Savastana, 157, 205, 343 Saxifrag $4, 157, 199, 212, 350, 381 » 360 28, 355 Y xpenditures under Ap- jations made by the Board, 134, 193) 3 97 Schismialogtotis, 237, 378 Schizan Scie ntiBe Ditectors, Report of, 414 solutions of, I sg 1835 Report tof, 1 10 Scill Sctr; pus 58 1 197, 206, 343, 378 Se leranthus, 138 199, 209, 348 Scleroca 158 COYZONErA, 225, 364 Scrophularia, 158, 202, 221, 359 Scutellaria, 158, 202, 220, 358 Secale, 158, 205, 343 Secretary and Director-in-Chief Report of, I0 i ne 295 Securigera, 1 5, 352 Sedum, 158, 2 239, 257, 350, 381 Selaginelta, a8, 196, 204, 236, wes 377 Selinum, 2 Se eis pes 158, 2 Sene 138, 225, 242, "3a 385 » 425 See is = 364 Sesamum, 158, Seselt, 158, 218, eo Sesler: ta, 205, 34: Sewage pisposal, 44 Sewer, d Bronx Park, II ep Sewerage, 300 Sherardta, 158, 221, 360 Shortia, 35 Sitcyos, ‘ Sida, 158, 216, 239, Sidalcea, 158, ae an Stderitis, 220, 358 Stegesbeckia, 225 ee ae Sievers: Silene, fe ae 109, 348 Stiphium, 158; 225, 364 Stuapts, 21 Sisymbrium, 4 349 tsys hit 3 : 8 20’ ; Sttilias, 158, ae 3% eee Smilax, 158, ee 345, 371 Solanum, 158, 202, 242, 358, 371, 385 rates 158, 225) 242, 364 Ss s from the Southern "Sa tes, here Sonerila, 384 Re ophora, 159, 212, 227, 367 orbaria, 366 orbus, 159, 229, 233, 379 pathyems, 159, 197, 206, 343 cimen Trees, 33 jermatophyta, 4 204, 342, 377, 393 se nog yn 25 andes traea, 159, 226, 233, 351, 366, 375 orobolus eee 197, 205 Sprekelia, : tapelia, 159, 241, oe ede ea, 159, 200, 367 ement, Con peea eh acuGal: 162 se ht 344 Stephanandré, ee 227, 366 Stevia, i 2, Stipa, Siberian ome 5, 364 onecrop, ee from Mexico, scription of, 257 Streliizia, ee 237, 379 Streptocarpus, 242 S De- Stuartia, 227, 367 Sauget Regulations for the Admis- sion an eeisneren of, 418 Sly lophrorsen, 159, 2 Sarasa 68 su oe Drainage, 45 Subw: wer House to Museum, 175, a cf Succisa, 222, 360 Surface’ Drainage » 45 Surroundings of the Range of Horti- cultural Houses, 305 Sutherlandia, # I Swertta, 159, 218, 356 Symphoricar os, 159, 228, 236, 368 Symphytum, 219, Syndesmon ee 199, 210, 348 Synosma, 225, 36 Syntheritma. 159, 197, 205, 343 Syringa@, 159, 201, 228, 235, 368, 376 iss) ia “I Tagetes, 159, 225, 364 Talinum Tamarix, 159, 227, 367 Tanacetun., 159, 225, 364 Taraxacum, 159, 202, 222, 361 ( 463 ) asian 159, 230, 369 Tussilago, 160, 225, 364 Taxus, 159, 228, 369 Typha, 160, 196 Ton ie ae 202, 235, 376 Temporary Gr eenhouse, 110, 125, 236, Ulex, 234, 367 377; ] 9 Ulmaria, ae Office 309 mus, 160, TOs, cee 230 "369, 373 Railway or the Construction 2 ta Undeseribed polagtone ye the South- erome Park Reservoir, 111, United Sta Habis sabe 159, 209, 347 Untfolium, 160, 198, me ge Tetragonolobus, 215 Uniola, 343 Tcoum. 159, 220, > 88, 358 Uropappus, 160 Thalesta, 160, 202 Urospermum, 160, 225, 361 Thalia, 237, 346, 379 Ursinia, 160, 36. ee 163, 199, 210, 348 Uriica, 160, 208, 346 Thaspium, Urticastrum, 160, 198, 208, 346, 359 Phelester a oe. 225 Uvularia, 160, 197, 206, 344 Thelia, 392 Themeda, 205, 343 Vaccintunt, 160, 201, 228, vias 368, 376 ari aaee oe 215, 352 agnera, 160, 198, 2 07, 3 pee aleriana, 160, ae 3 orns, Doecsuone of New North alerianella, American, ANCOUVETIA, ho: 210, 349 Spt, 211 anilla, 380 Thuidium, 195, 392 Sastre 78 Thuja, 236, 377 ratrum, Bh 197, 206, 344 Thyrsacanthus, 385 oe vbaecn wn, 160, 221, 359 la, an 212 erbena, 160, 2 201, 719, “357, 393 Tilia, 160, 230, 234, 370, 376 erbesind, 161, 22 Tilaudes, oe 237, 378 Ada 161, 225, Tinantta, 160, 206, 344 Ver 161, 202, 221, 242, 359, 385 Tipularia, 208, 346 Viburmvin, 166, 202, 228, 230, 236, 368, Tia » 350 Tolpis, 160, 222, 361 Vicia ee oe 215, 352, 375 Tool House, 175, 299 Vigna, 215, 375 Tordylium, 355 Vinca, 161, 201, 356, 385 Torenta, 385 incetoxicum, 161, a8 356 ort ta, 3 32 Viola, 161, 20 O 216, 3 OWNSEN: 225 Viscaria, F rwicopiace, 241, 385 Vitex, 161, 235, 768 oxylon, ie 229 3 369 Viticetum, 37, 338 racheliu Vitis, 200, 371 yachelospermuny, 241, 385 Vitus, 23 achycarpus, 378 rachymene, 1 Valdsteinta, 161, vadescanita, ae 206, 344 Washingtonia, ion. a oate ragopogon, 225, 361 Water Supply, 43, 33, 179, 302 Treasurer, Report of, 18, 412 Tene Trees, Specimen, 33 Veigela, 161, ie be 377 vrichosanthes, 160, 377 Veingaertner richostema, 160, 202 Vetssia, ; richosma, 160, 238 Se ties 358 icuspis, 197, 205, 2 Wild Flora, 195, 340, 392 Seep! 7 208 ne Williamsbridge and Bronx Park Sewer, viaax, 364 : : rifolium, 160, oe 215, 352 Willows, Cespitose of Arctic America ee I and the Rocky Mountains, 257 -1ll1um, 160, is. ae 345 Witbag honey 161 ante, 160 Wtstas Triosteu 160, 221, 360 IVoodsta Ba psacu i 160, 205, 343 Woodwar ae 26, 204, 236, 377 Trisetum, new, from Michigan, 437 of the k Department on the viticunt, 160, 205, 343 Roads oi rritonia, 345 WVulfenta, ne Txitoma, 207 . Trollius, 160, 210, 349 Nanthiunt, 161, 222, 361 rr opacolum, 160, 215, 3 F "anthocephalum, 161 Tsuga, 160, 196, 228, ee a Nanthoceras, 161, 227, 367 Fhercinta » 425 Vanathorrhiza, 161, 210, D6 349, 365 Tunica, 160, 2 Io ‘Nanthoxylum, 161, 227, 367 NXeranthemum, hie 225, 364 Xerophylium, Xolisma, 161, see 376 Yucca, 161, 207, 237, 345) 378 Zacintha, 222 Zamia, 161, 236, 377 Pein 378 Zea, 205, 343 ( 464) Zebrinia Zelkova, tee oe so - 373 Zygodesmus, Zygopetalum, 161, 238, 380 Buti. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vou. JI, Pu. 10. MYCORHIZA AND ROOTS OF MONOTROPA. Bui. N. Y. Bot. Garp. Vor. J, Pr. ir. MYCORHIZAS AND ROOTS OF MONOTROPA AND PTEROSPORA. Bult. N. Y. Bor. Garp. Vou I, Pi. 12. MYCORIHZAS AND ROOTS OF MONOTROPA, HYPOPITYS, AND SARCODES. Members Dr. TimoTHyY F. ALLEN, PrRoF. N. L. BRITTON, FREDERIC BRONSON, Hon. ADDISON Brown, Wn. L. Brown, ANDREW CARNEGIE, PROF. CHAS. F. CHANDLER, Wn. G. CHoats, Hon. EDWARD COOPER, Cuas. F. Cox, JOHN J. CROOKE, W. BAvARD CUTTING, Wm. E. DopcE, Dr. WM. H. 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