ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF —- BUSH & SON & MEISSNER, eager ‘i VITICULTURISTS AND PROPRIETORS ov S*Fers.yn Co., Mis PREFACE TO THIRD REVISED EDITION, 1883. as become a rade The BUSHBERG CATALOGUE h: mecum Gra also been translated had vine it. The great favor with which it was received, in our ae he experience and researches of th enable al. 7. pee Lage of the merits and — of many varieties, then ney and untried, and to add a very large number of NEW — which have since been produced or infrodaped. mprehensive importan y virtue ts now te establimned th eer set qualities, and, thi in Europe chiefly as a region stock for their favorite rae ey ari has n tested , as "the Lenoir A era dorey4: fevbeuadeit: 2 ee ‘plan for on,—thus enabling us to add to cred oak of the best urs. Nor have we neglecte consult 21gT CO the views of other grape-growers selves of the tk bl by eminent ‘Horticultural authors, and scattered in Lecinanpgieeetin papers and reports. has shencod the deste - our Peg OE by iad tenes it IFICATIO TRUE GRAP. » and to arent our- 4 7% i le Sane as, in fact, entirely re-witen it 21, treatise, have k been added the thereto. He has also favored Be © GRAPE and Rot, which were but briefly an Mildew : treated in the previous edition, and mi Sree an occupy * LES VIGNES AMERICAINES, Catal e illustrée et de- eissner : ouvrage a par MM. Bush et fils mooning , C. Coulet, Paris, V.-A. BVI ADtERIGANE, C Catalogo itlustrato e deserittivo mendes nee tradotta _——. oT Viticoltori | Castellanza, 1881 ahi: d but most inm- subject. ie wat & aware rs thas this chapter is still very defective, n =e can she sx subject be satisfacto: actorily pees a HSE several —" portant su have found some oe means of euring o or protect- ing our ————— from destruc to Mur Pi tk f Ex In this revised edition will also be found a far more exhaustive article on GRAFTING presented in former, wherein we to publish the results of our which were just com- esting. sted by Prof. C. V. bepress Chief U. 8. = Entomol cal Commission, we hav amplify the on on INSECTS bya brief account ee the beneficial ‘eg the grape grower. a ae pans growers, we hae added a few hints on the subject | of JINE-MAKING, which may quite useless to - ners, though we have not ¢e our opini ex- pressed in fe er edition) to the impossibility ‘But far more eegpos the GRAPE MANUAL has the DE- this Catalogue been : Keay uw vacties aan ee ticrepteprehitn termes ae , and every line of the Descriptive por- have been tion of shegee former publication has been venetaley re- vorable and highly complimentary opinions oS prominent ; ex Horti- turists, ewe < tne jecvious obhese (1875), permit us to hope that this new one will meet with a still more favorable rece [FROM FIRST EDITION, 1869.] Py eee Catal Py ae aa be ag aa * se of grape vines, has been highly satisfactory, in} fact, far beyond our expectations. In view of very great ition of even 1 well-known and | lished nurseries, sane success is highly smears has encouraged us to ine our duce, for next al stock, seca excelled pata! by any other establishment in the country, ses . ost every valuable variety. wed do not pretend to furnish “ better and and cheaper Vy any other yaslbaeeectn afi We do not pretend that ‘‘ money-making 1s secondary w e this to others; all we do claim is, that we merit a reasonable share of patronage, the con- In this connection, we cannot refrain from referring with acertain pride to the voluntary assurances of sat- isfaction we have received. Desiring - return ou th a that 14: . = . We are aware, cndudadalnds that some nang a very incomplete a ms, ‘a few hints,” do e harm than good, . They generally serve only to pepaine the tyro or ae grape growing as a very easy mat- ter, re outlay of ¢ capital, nor any more knowledge, skill, and labor than is necessary to pees nat of corn. is we do not wish to do. But onthe ea: and we are also are that the cea but peel costly books on pst culture, by Fuller, Hus- ma * an rchased by Pid grape Ge here r, and that many of these are som afraid of waiter whole books. Moreover, siemens pe culture since the ed their views on some —— but ea not =e made ae d to a desire often expressed correspon e tried imathieg: | og than a — Gietes list, : someghing that will be in nteresting an: pro _ gressive grape cul , and have eh spared simi labor or money in preparing it. become customary to prefix to a Deseriptive had time enougl their publi - ers = rewrite — works for new edition: Thus w that ont but full directions in re the writings of our friend an mann, and se one ee a Downing.) aber, @ others, to Wet ity, we e hope t that — ie Cmnlogue may afford pleasure and profit aha wie [INTRODUCTION TO SECOND EDITION, 1875. ] ‘Six years, embracing th € most disastrous most favorable seasons to grape culture, bet elapsed wane the first edition of this Catalogue. Our e: ld, to disseminate s ones varieties (Hartford Prolific for instance) and untried novelties, over-praised, per- haps, by their originators, 0 ur Descriptive e Catalogue y promising ut above au Nea enlaces hans pees list, b all, one cire j very of the Grape Root- louse, the Phylioxera, has led to ul iy the Ameri — is Our busi pe growers and propagators "assumed such large dimensions tac t we discarded the ; now admitted to ae aoe oe mont extensive of it Kind In the: Cnited, state ot America. _ _TESTIMONIALS, ments w which grape grow ers have so often experi rien ced. For the sake of completeness, and in the interest of science, we have added (in smaller type) the vores esr nearly all the old discarded varieties, and © any ee adding, we think, to the value of. this Catalogue pres aiso to its cost). We have veges endeavored to avoid all: ise, and menti aste hopes, so prev te throughout the untry, wi : to culture; and its success, now aided by a higher tariff on i mported wines, by in= demand senighine ions, ve all, knowl- edge as to the selection of varieties, locations and proper mode of vely certain. dealers who get ons from GRAAL. MANUAL. CLIMATE, SOIL AND ASPECTS. Whether the Grape-vine is a native of Asia, and has followed the footsteps of man from the shores of the Caspian Sea, and ‘‘ intertwined its tendrils with civilization and refinement in every age,’”’ or whether the hundreds of varie- ties that now exist spring from different pri- mordial forms or species, certain it is that, al- though the Grape-vine may be found in Europe from the Tropic of Cancer to the Baltic Sea, and in America from the Gulf to the Lakes, the vine is nevertheless peculiarly the growth of defi- nite climatic conditions; so much so that even in its most adapted climate there are often seasons if not of actual failure, at least of an imperfect development of its fruit. From long and careful observations of temperature and mi sions respecting the meteorological influences affecting the grape. Ist. No matter how excellent the soil, if | pyc is a less average than fifty-five degrees > at nd June, and a less average than sixty- five degrees for the maturing months of July, August and September, there can be no hope of success ; and where the temperature aver- ages sixty-five degrees for the former months and seventy-five for the latter, other conditions pers: equal, fruit of the greatest excellence , and wine of the greatest y ea finest quality can be produced. 2d. When there is an average rainfall of six inches forthe months of April, May and June, and an average of 5 inches eg the months of Jaly, - hough ather cal ditions were favorable, we cannot succeed in - raising grapes. When the average rainfall for the first months is not more than four inches, and the average for the latter is not more than three inches, other conditions favorable, the - hace varieties. can be cultivated with suc- cess. But where there i is less” average rainfall * James S. Lippincott : a ob -Auaariean * Grapes.—. — aotenth & ome ke x me ats se ad roth —— fhe Metcoroiogieal pia | sa with our peo and hea facilitie $2. a # Sao on , large seale cannot or than five inches for April, May and June, and orable, fruit of the best quality can be raised, and wine of the greatest body and excellence can bemade. The humidity of the atmosphere in some countries, the dryness of the others, will, of course, materially change the proportion of rainfall required for, or injurious to the grape. Here, a clear sky and dry at-. mosphere, high temperature and very little rainfall for the latter three months, and a less change of temperature than 50 degrees in twenty-four hours, any time of the year, are favorable conditions for success. . Department of Agriculture), ‘It is dnsark to remark, that where these are favor- too, even in the absence vation ; but in unfavorable locations the ap- plieation of the highest attainments in the art and science of grape culture, so far as relates to pruning manipulations or cultureand manage- © ment of soil, will not insure success. Grape plant, conditions, the most important being that of freedom from heavy dews (freedom from th 7 s ] t be remunerati favorable localities: which | will produce ! 6 Climate, Soil, etc. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Grape Localities. quantity, and often entirely fails, grape culture may exist on a small scale for home use and market, but on a large scale it will not reward the vintner’s labor, and would finally be aban- doned. As California in the West, so does Virginia in the East, and parts of Texas and Arkansas in the South, seem to possess the best localities for grape culture on a very large e. — are only a few countries where the id suc- - Species found in the lower latitudes will not flourish if removed further north; the _ natives of higher altitudes will not endure the ‘southern heat; the Scuppernong cannot ripen e very iaferion t in the most favored ad erage of New Thus the ‘elimoaie. the mean temperature as well as = extremes, the length of the growing e relative amount of rain, the ameli- 8 varieties of grapes; and a judicious choice of locations - adapted to the : fore of the first im uited. to all localities ; nei- — is there any one locality = is suited toall L grapes. Semele W. Campbell. 1500 : cultivated in Europe, vei bine —— of kinds especially ted t loeali oe ‘to form the main bulk of the vineyards of? the success. No variety, sae probably none that will ever be produced, is well. adapt- 1 cultivation in more than a . remember that the grapes we cultivate in the United States have originated from one or the other of several distinct species, or from crosses between some of their varieties, and that each of those native species is found growing wild in certain limited portions of our country, and not at allin others. Thus the wild Labrusca is a stranger to the lower Mississippi Valley and westward. By observing what species grows in a locality, we may safely assume that cultivated varieties of the same species will thrive best in that locality or its vicinity under otherwise Lg tes conditions. Where the na- tive speci oes not exist, its cultivated varie- ties may ie a time promise excellent success; but in many localities this promise will prob- | ably, sooner or later, end in disappointment. north of Virginia ; the Fox grape of the North | This has the most reliable, healthy and hardy Ameri- can grape. On the other hand this proposition seems to conflict with the fact that American vines of different ae: have been successfully trans- planted e to Europe. But it would be a great cise to hatieve that they would suc- in all parts of that continent. It was found, on the contrary, that there also some of _. our varieties which succeed well in one portion _ of France, for instance, entirely failed in oth- grape, and of varieties adapted to our logation, its éiteunte and soil, is there- — mpor rtance. | succeed equally well i inall 1 locations. ferrain ers; es that we correspond in soil, climat localities in our own siete: and where this is the case, well and good; but where these are different the results are unsatisfacto. tory. In evidence we quote from the report of the com- mission, com of some of the best French authorities, to the International Phylloxera oe = Bordeaux (Oct., 1882). After r giv- in principal vin eyards of France where American vine have = planted, they say, ‘ — they means “The na- ture of the e climate must be taken into serious puree eationa it But was - not one of the great difficulties with — French vines to know which variety suited so or such soil or aspect? How many failures the consequence of bad selection ! 7 = humidity and altitude.” , this has b i i but insufficiently understood. : Indigenous wild grapes were hii at the discovery of of this new world; the legend tells us that when the ——- first discovered * The European Grape. GRAPE MANUAL. Its Failure. 7 this country ‘‘ Hleif Erickson” called the land . Vineland. As early as 1564 wine was made b the first colonists in Florida from the native grape. The Pilgrim fathers saw vines in abundance at Plymouth. ‘Here are grapes, Massachusetts Colony says ‘‘ Excellent vines are here, and down in the woodes. Our governor has already planted a vineyard, with during the wine has occasionally been m from native grapes ; (the French settlers near Kaskaskia, Ills., made, in 1769, one hundred and ten hogsheads of ptod wine from wild grapes) —‘‘ but neither the quality of the wine nor the price obtained for it offered sufficient inducement to persevere.”’—Buchanan. The European grape, Vitis Vinifera, was, therefore, considered the only true wine grape. , London company sent French vignerons into the Virginia Colony to plant grapevines which they had imported for the purpose; the poor bi heiaray were blamed for their failure. In 1633 Wm. Penn vainly tried to introduce and petal European varie- ties in Pennsylvania. In 1690 a Swiss Colo- ny, grape — from Lake Geneva, tried to raise grapes and make wine in mi Douay. Kentucky: but their hopes were soon frustrated; their labor and fund—$10,000, a posed to serge they had somewhat better success. Hag atte: , French and Span- es nes, made pening and again, pro roved failures. ‘Hundreds of thousands peperiat aie eras the vicissitudes of the climate.” ands of failures are recorded; not one af dura- ble success; and Downing was = ee in saying ( Horticulturiat, Jan., 1851), ‘The introduction of the forei ape into this country for ior open Thousands of individuals have tried. it—the _Tesult in every case has been the same—a sea- son or two of prom. _— pase — ee | @ the Euro : ems — of the ressly stated. While this fact could not be denied, the ause remained gra and climate ;’’ all attributed its failure to that cause. But we, and doubtless many others with us, could not help thinking that “ soil and climate’’ cannot he sole causes ; for this vast coun ofK.ours possesses a great many locatiofis where soil and climate are Europe under Main should find a congenial spot in these United States, embracing almost every climate of the temperate zone? Ifsoil and climate were so unsuited, how is it that the young, ten- der European vines grow so well, so prom- ising of success, for a few seasons ; in cities sometimes even for several years? How explain the fact that the finest European va- rieties of other fruits, the pear for instance, are successfully grown here in some localities, and hat, but for the cureulio, the Reine Claude and German Prunes would flourish here as well as there? Slight differences of soil and climate might well produce marked differences in the constitution of the vine, perhaps also somewhat change the flavor and quality of “if we really wished to acclimate the foreign grape here, we ae go to the seeds, and raise jo? has been Se into sa gy a few now growing from seed received by CA Watmemt, pois may also succeed there, in Los Angeles a : rr dino counties, Thi ar vine is an ennual, but a tuberous perennial The are much like those. of other grapes; the leaves resem. 7 varietes eS, A. m1 remarks on : neon gimid ; \eoantatns Jueaiens i: Vets -. Secu el the northern Fox yi the mother of a great many cultivated yari ids. to By : ee 1 ye a. Leaves pubescent o: r floccose, especially on the under side and when young, often saciiniaa glabrous with age. Ban * Raphe on seed indistinct. (2. Viris Caypicans, Engelmann. The Mustang grape. of Texas. Viris CaRIBza, De Candolle. The West India grape; rare in Florida. Vitis CaLiFoRNica, Bentham. The California Virts Moxzicoza , Buckley, The Mountain grape of West Viris , Michaux. Summe ey and Sonticen States, with several va- The Downy grape of i _*® Raphe indistinct, adhering bark, which only in the oller seme off; aerial roots from: inel inclined tranks i tendrils Tr grape of the | Rafinesque, Le Conte and others, have in times gone by attempted to distinguish and rather unnaturally, to contract them and unite them with Old World species. Vitis Se has resulted according to his views, fro e hybridization of several of these species. add the important practical remarks which the subject ealls for. 1. Vitis Laprusca, Linneus. Usually not large; climbing over bushes or small trees, occasi y reaching the tops of the highest trees ; distinguished from all the ovher species, as has been stated above, by its con- tinuous tendrils and consequently by its con- tinuous (two to often four or six) clusters of flowers and fruit; stipules middle-sized, about two lines long, or less; leaves large (four to six inches wide), thick, of firm texture, entire or in some forms deep! in the wild plant persists on the under side, but almost disappears in the mature leaf of some cultivated varieties; berries large in middle sized, or, in many cultivated forms, ose large bunches, bearing 2 or 3 or even 4 s, large, notched, without visible raphe. fe table of seeds, page 13, figs. 1 and 2.) species, usually known as the Fox grape, or Northern Fox grape, is a native of the i on, and of their seaage’ slope to t from New South pate where it prefers wet chen or granitic soil. Here and there it descends _ along streams to the western slope of the mountains, but is a stranger to the Missis- sippi Valley proper. As the Labrusea generally grows on granitic soil or granitic detrities, which may es; a few piodueed by. nurserymen, but most of them pleked up in ; ae easily Large and peter palo : 2s of 'Y, cestivalis are, in the West and my ay Dr Engelmann. GRAPE MANUAL. Classification. 15 but the two may always be distinguished by the characters indica It is also the species which has most gen- erally been used as one of the parents (mostly the mother) in artificial hybridization, and as itis the most individualized or specialized of | all our (perhaps of al] known) Grape-vines, its e tefer the questionable form; of which I shall have to add CANDICANS, Englemann. (VF, fore iti i Buckley.) "The Mustang grape of T tall climber, with rather large, a few words below, under the § ropean vines in California vineyards which have been attacked by the Phylloxera. For even this Grape-vine, which is a native of a country originally entirely free from the insect, is as proof against itas any of our Mississippi Valley vines. 5. Vitis MontTiIcona, Buckley. bneeamaes A a e bunches; stipules very short : (+ line long); ig toe deeply cordate, with a ro rounded, almost tdclilona leaves, white cot- tony on the under side, bearing large berries, different colors, greenish, claret and bluish- | black ; and which, in its native country, are | made into wine. In young shoots and sprouts | the leaves are usually deeply and elegantly | many-lobed, which, with the contrast of the deep green upper and pure white under sur- | face, would make this species a most elegant severe frost. down and covering it with soil. grows in the lower country, as well as on the ealeareous hills, and extends even into the itic region. It has also n found in Florida, where many Texas plait are again met with. The Florida form, at one time takev for Vitis caribeea, but quite distinct from it, has shorter and comparatively thicker seeds. (Fig. 8.) 3. Vitis CaRIB#®A, De Candolle, is a West species which has lately found its with other tropical plants, into southern a. It has a downy, cordate leaf, not lobed, but characterized by the small but very sharp, distant teeth. Its black berries are small and mostly bear but one or two seeds. [I find the Florida seeds (fig. 9) which were kindly sent to me by Mr. A. H. Curtiss, the discoverer, larger than those of the West Indian type. ic coast; a low bush a foot or two high, in dry beds of streams egon; it becomes a tall climber in southern California, with a stem 3 inches or more in diameter; it is distinguished by its cordate, rounded, whitish, downy leaves and small black berries in large bunches ; the ob- fais 10 and 11), | onan Pag! with only a — “of a —— : ‘ et | chalaza rather narrow, extending vine for arbors, if it could be protected from | ; : - Vv visibl e. Wha done te déan Ov lavien A a broad groove, but without a visible xapP In Texas it chalaza. of the insect in this species, i hak ts had wetety Ose shy oe a a south rtly three-lobed, edged on the upper surface, but the older ones ver | smooth and often conspicuou hining below which, like those of the wild Labrusca, show | nee ee ee ee This is one of the smaller species and is pe- culiar to the hilly, cretaceous region of western Texas, not extending to the lower country nor casionally cultivated about San Antonio, when the bunches, as well as the berries, b little mountain grape,’’ understood what he meant. Buckley’s mention of a middle sized green, if palatable berry has misled French © botanists to look for this gras among the numerous forms of Labrusca, and Prof. Plan- oe chon pheactore changer the name to ts cect itedl landieri. In B 36 S eat naan said that there exists a form a of aS this species, especially about Feesenenabare - and on the borders of the Llano o his specimens Tfound the first Phviloxers gulls a which, thus accidentally prese reserved, p America ( oS 16 Dr. Engelmann. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Classification. and to introduce into cultivation. The species will readily grow from cuttings. 6. Vitis AR1IzonIcA, Engelmann, is closely related to the last, and has similar seeds, ~ ane ae TRDHS, though rarely prominent, : bra let angular; leaves cordate, with a aed open, rounded ey not lobed, or with two sh fl berries small or middle sized, reported to be of luscious taste 45. VPRS Fsvrv Axis, Michaux. Climbing over bushes and small trees by the aid of intermittent tendrils;° branchlets rounded, bark of the mature ones mostly | red, and sealing off in large flakes; leaves large (4-5 or 6 inches wide), of firm texture, ter, coated with a bloom, , when well grown in compact, often cylindri bunches; seeds rather large, mostly two or three in each berry, rounded on to than is common in our species. ‘This is the well known summer r grape, com- non throughout the Middle and Southern 0 s our Grape-vines, and hence has seduced : 1to the establishment of numerous nominal s h , have to be kept stencil the latter I mention Vv. mon- —— bushy than 1g has larger berries, leaves often deeply five lobed, and coated with a thick | other hand and there known under the name of Post-oak grape or Sand grape, but extending also to and Missouri, has thus been quoted for the Western and Southwestern States, to which the true Labrusca is an entire stranger. This species is one of the most important ones for us, and in the West at least, has al- ey teikon the place once accorded to the La- br forms in our cultures, not only for their greater, aye absolute, resistance to the Phyl- ? loxera, but also for their intrinsic value as wine tend even table) grapes, notwithstanding the superior size of the Labru Un- fortunately the typical forms cannot be propa- ed by cuttings, and there are a number o: varieties which, originating from a Southern home, are not quite hardy here, but, on the have the advantage of being propagated by slips, in some favor- able localities. Their leaves are thinner than those of our type, and woolly only in the first among others the Cunningham, with less di- vided, and the Herbemont and the Lenoir with deeply lobed leaves, the two former with lighter colored, the latter with deep black unately no wild plant from which ‘these varieties might have sprung is we correctly judge of their botanical status. About their viticultural relations, the body of this work has to be consulted. I will o only state here that a slight suspicion exists of _ their being hybrids between FV. eestivalis and some form of vinifera, though the seeds are entirely those of the former, and also the re- sistance to Phylloxera. The variety Lenoir often named eg and in Texas Black Span ish, has been Southern Fran by millions into ANS, yey is there found to furnish 8. pli Colne, En nge y allied to Hstivalis, with which I had pai united it as a variety, of pretty much the same size, rarely taller. It is distinguished by its white- ish or grayish pubescence. which, eg especially on the branchlets, is auite persistent, even sae winter; by the angular branchlets, the hair being onpecially a laccl on the angles ; “ > corda often entire, or slightly three-_ ay-downy ssi, which ag Dr. Engelmann. GRAPE MANUAL. Classification. 17 often resemble a Lindenleaf, with a rounded but usually rather narrow sinus ; by the large loose inflorescence, which opens its flowers rather later than any other of our species; by the small black berries, about four lines in ter, without a blooin: of a pleasantly acid taste, until frost erect them, and by the small, plump seed with a short oak. is species is found in rich soif in the Mis- sissippi Valley from Central Illinois to Louisi- ana and Texas, especially in bottom lands and along the banks of lakes, in situations where we scarcely ever meet with stivalis. It is quite abundant in such localities near St. Louis. 9. Yirrs CorprroLtiA, Michaux. This is the tallest of our climbers at home in our deep bottom woods, but often also a low trailer over bushes and hedges, well known as the Win- ter, or Frost grape, flowering late and matur- ing late its strongly flavored, shining black berries. The plant is spots or the branchlets and lower surface ves somewhat hairy; branchlets fiatstinetly angular (in this re- cs) wanting; leaves rather large, three to four nches wide, or more, not lobed at all, or slight- clusters, blooming rather late (three to four lines through), black and shin- ing, with a peculiarly disagreable and strong flavor ; edible only after frost ; seed, with slight or strong raphe A common plant from the Middle States southward to Texas; not known, I believe, in northern New York or New England, but not rare in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and found also near the city of New York; very common in the deep soil of the western river valleys, where it takes its fullest development. There the trunk sometimes reaches thirty to thirty-eight inches in circumference (southern Missouri, along the Iron Mountain Railr oad) ; whether the trunk found by Mr. Ravenel at Darien, Georgia, measuring forty-four inches around, belongs to this species, I cannot tell, but his supposition that it was stivalis is quite improbable; the statement of newspa- pers that a Grape-vine in Gulf Hammock, i Florida, had a circumference inches, is considered a fish story’ by Florida botan ists. of sixty-nine | simi Pantone es the small stipules, the broad diaphragms, the character of the seeds, the circumstance that it don’t grow from cuttings, and the 2 flower- ing time, abundantly distinguish from Vitis riparia, with which fe pte thrown together so long and so obstinately. perhaps one hundred ears or more, and ane thence found its way into other European gardens, without, however, as it seems, havin, atuvracted the attention of botanists, since its first publication, in 1794. _ Vahl’s description is accurate enough, with the exception of its native country, which he gives as ‘‘ Virginia,’’? a negligence or igno- rance which we must not criticise too severely in botanists of a century ago. The seed was originally brought to Paris probably by French missionaries, who, as is well known, roamed about in the Misaissipord Valley one and two hundred years ago. Soon after the publica- tion of Vahl’s description of this grape, above mentioned, bias chaux discovered this intoreat- Ul the of ihe ii in Illinois,” and named it V. rubra. He don’t seem to have recognized the vine which he might have seen growing under his eyes in Paris, and eventually he merged his specimens of this Vitis in his herbarium under V. riparia. Last fall Mr. H. Eggert, of St. Louis, re-dis_ covered this long neglected plant on the banks of the Mississippi, opposite Alton, and collected it there again this summer, when it proved to ean be no doubt ao the identity of this plant — with Vahl’s V. palmata and Michaux’s Rubra, nor of its entire distinctness from Riparia. — is found, with this last one, covering wither thickets and other bushes in low grounds smooth | but binge a | Michaux name is. The prreetestaites ; thick. sa leaves have a broad aoe ee a are shallow or often deeply three, rarely 1 lobed, the lobes usually drawn out into long © and slender points; the under side is often — 18 Dr. Engelmann. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Classification. Our plant is readily distinguished from Riparia by the thick diaphragm, the red branches, its late flowering and its bloomiass, late ripening berries; from Cordifolia the form of the leaves and of the seeds, and its ready growth from cuttings, easily separate it. ll. Viris RreariA, Michaux, the Grape-vine of the river banks, has lately acquired a great deal of importance, as it has now become the principal Grape-vine relied on in France for the renovation of their failing vineyards. for which its vigorous growth, adapted to almost all climates, its perfect resistance to the insect, its easy growth from cuttings, and its ready taking of grafts, seem to peculiarly fit it. This species climbs over bushes and small trees, or trails over the rocks on our river banks. It is also found inland, always near diaphragms very thin ({ to } line thick) ; the stipules large (2-3 lines long) and very thin, and persist longer than in most other species ; leaves of a light green, shining, glabrous or often hairy below, with a wide, rounded, or even truncate sinus : . mostly small and compact ; berries small (four or rarely five lines in r), black, with a _ bloom, sweet and very tis scarcely pulpy; seeds (figs. 22 to 25) obtuse or slightly notched, _— en chalaza, raphe indistinct or very It << the widest geographical distribution of any of our Grape-vines, and is the hardiest . —— all. It extends s northward to Lake St. os Quebec, haul ihe re- pest the acid center so op roper ratio of aad ingredient accaces for a@ pas- cable quality of win dps endorsing the above Bunter views of William = Washington, we do not ve to be Understood. as ad- brusea g ae for wine-making; we are well amarethat the bulk of our Un UL ceed, as far — to the Labrusca. Moreover, we recognize in this species a Northern and a Southern form (same as in the Riparia and Zstivalis), with dis- tinct characteristics. The Northern Labrusca-—a plant —— Mi hard- ie and fibrous roots, thick pith, and aig ber; with a new cultivated a alee however, this foxiness The Southern i. far more ‘tender plant. yery sensitive be casualties from unfay eatmos- pheric chan: climate, with few = feeble roots, — of only snoderaely Erma testes: ; but also witha much Mor ie 7 L "4 ie ea it. difso M ey + ak not ripen sesog! nc Nort, except under the bene- a ee The ~ o i at , the second will a tg 22 —_Labrusca. -BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. HEstivalis. The principal varieties of this species, thus classi- are: {a] Northern Group. [b] Group. Brack Hawk, ADIRONDAC, Co ; Cassapy, CorracE, CATAWBA, Dracut AMBER, a Eariy ‘Victor beaded Tona, Hartrorp PRo.iri IsaBELLA, Ivzs, ISRAELLA, arts Lypia, oe MaAxXaTawny, ; Moore's EARty, Mines, NortTHERN MUSCADINE, MorttLenp, PERKINS, PRENTIss (new), » REnNTz, REBEcca, TELEGRAPH, To-Katon, VENANGO, Union VILLAGE. Muicnones os : Wokrpen’s. This subdivision of Labrusca into a northern and southern form is a new idea of our own, and may be a mistake. Tt was presented ad the first time in our Cat- loxera-infested vine ever does. We have seen very fine and healthy Catawba and Isabella vines in full bear- ing, in Se localities of France. We we pr oving our posi- pa tnd + Fame g From the j t of the © issi American Vines—signed by ; Piola, V' Pres’t; er cat bysuch res aa well nity inthe anietntifie world, as Millardet, Skavinski, 7 ic see In a Phylloxeric Congress, held 1882. tt is alantat cara to insist on the acon of the American vines. It cannot any longer be cont Srery where the proofs Pe, ge numerous. th ; planted from 10 to 15 years ago, presen a vegetation bf ‘perfect health. Even the Lasrusca, reputed as less resistant— the vane for instan by certai got, the Drchess of Wis James, &e., who are well satis- ed with th ids JisTIVALIS. This 5 species | is educates — already accepted or er Mississippi Valley and Texas. wing to ite fact that ee ae Eumelan qu of consideration and further ebsearch. will ripen north of the parallel of 40°, unless it may be in some with regard to the _ The large size of the feats the — and productive- : ness oft the vine, race propagation from cuttings, i to. > wr. : expected z to thereby a ameliorate, if not to remove, their foxiness. Whil ‘plished, the process has diminished the hardiness and has increased the ong ta ae to climate and to fun- diseases in the varieti s thus us produced. It has onan tectng the bet, as in Early Vie- £ 4%. 2. Niagara (eross between Concord and ae ‘oe (cross between Concord and Iona). et F habit. t. Lovers of the Concord and of of to eat the foxy grape with ‘pleasure. ly warieties of the AOR excel- lent asa grafting-stock for its own tender varieties, an eae of the - excellence of the product _ tions of fi ates.”—Wm. Sa aa the Vinifera, in locations cians to this | tain slopes in Virginia, Nort are _ little known. The berries are destitute of pulp, and the juice contains a larger percentage it eer than ay ane oot American species. #The foli- ag to disease as that of the fox grape, and in the berries rot is also less prevailing, while in some varieties of this class, as Norton’s Va. and Cone thiana, it is ivi known. Some of the best wines made in this country are produced from varie- an ties of this family. ae climate for their perfection, they have not yet been abrusca. xtended so widely as the varieties of Vitis L. Their range of successful growth not reaching into high latitudes, their culture has been limited,” —ex- pike a) Va. , of which hundreds of planted pee Gordonsville and Char- uate Va. —‘‘Tam convinced that neither the wine- producing capabilities a the country nor the hi ean be decided until vine- yards of these oe are established in the best loca- Saunders. “« The most most genial home of this species is the coun- try of the Ozark hills, Missouri, $. Kansas, nsas, Texas and Indian Territory; probably also the moun- rth Carolina, and Tennes- see. An d these net be looked wpon as the Ae the Rocky Mountains, for a certain class of. ‘fine 2 wines. In western. Texas, also, the varieties belonging to this class seem “to succeed better than any other class of grapes,’ * Their proper ot hago eBay nn ant = i Pig napeigicand June, Fagg flips semaine: : : a season to * stivalis. GRAPE MANUAL. though we have never yet seen, or heard of either, an undoubted stivalis (wild) or a Labrusca in our p of Texas (S. W.)”—G. Onderdonk, Victoria, Texas. The following varieties of this most valuable — ones new untried and discarded es are now cultivated outhern Group. UNNINGHAM (Long), A LEN NoRTON’s VIRGINIA, LOUISIANA or it sae ?) (Several new varieties of this species, some chance seedlings selected in the forests of Arkansas, others raised from seeds of cultivated varieties, are on trial.) The quality of these varieties is so excellent that even the F: h tast quite satisfied. Only their size is unsatisfactory. ‘‘Dansce group se trouvent les oieparnes ont ~ goat se hE le plus des esse * iad: E. Planchon, Les delicat, et en tout cas fe Vi ignes Mr. Herman Pith of Neosho, sgn Missouri writes us: “Tn south-west Missouri, sou on Titinohe: r xas, (also in ssee and Ala- susceptible of irrigation is very limited. All the varie- of nty, which they much resembled, being long and compact, and yery prolific. Yet nobody thinks it worth while to plant a vineyard. ee sold in Austin last sammer at from 10 to 40 cts. per po “Land suitable for grapes can be bought i in a county, convenient to the Texas Central from $2.50 to $10.00 per acre, with a market for all or grapes and wine within a few hours’ travel by rail.” The heer of this group generally prefer a dry, ermingled with hue and decomposed The wood of the true Estiva with proper culture and favorable seasons, — they seh to such an ison that bites i are ile Si orthless. e ZEsti ver rots, and is the only truly pial & grape for privet States. _ was = mistake; - summer rapes (Estivalis) nearly of the size of Concord. are fi wing Arkansas, and IT am confident that oe ahs an will be a. their seed. ae large Hstivalis are ing chon one with the other we may ‘obtain large grapes for the south-west as juicy as as Herbemont, and as nealthy, Virginia, é as free from rot and mildew as no Labrusca ever will tion from rot however, unfortunately on State Geologist of Texas, writes: “At the Wilkins, of has been soe ie in the south-eastern States, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, and even in parts of Arkansas. _ In southern and central Texas the gripe es e one wa: free from rot, sofar. Mr. small 0h and firm outer bark; 80 that it ‘t almost ik The iImpossl Dit bark im the one Year sar old wood is of a dark gray color, bluis! The roots are wiry and tough, peepee hard ber, penetrating deep into the ground, successfully defying the attacks of Phylloxera. Their resistive power has been fully estab- lished beyond adoubt. As astock for grafting they are far superior to Clinton—but we vate they are ry good and valuable to serve merel; a grafting stoc. Another form of the Vitis putea is the | Everbearing g grape, because itis suid to have ripe fruit table grape and good for wine. Mr. S. B. Buck- the place of Lamar county, Isaw onk writes: “Every year trate re | wine of ny they had.” clearly tl idel ttn anil Sie wes ACAGS ; ¥ v7 Pee ager, fae Estivalis gra ties of Vini- | mos erican of grapevines ‘was me Paiaigt gece om tele he yaa will not work, put imperfectly known, up to within a few years, even #8 in the sands of the immediate coast, or, as these ii eould not clearly d Pate may be prover vert, Sy: grating om guish V. Riparia from V. Cordifolia ; and in the the Rupestris.” | are they w gee very intelligent and reliable vine-grower writes us fiom Hex “Ihave been investigating the grape 24 =Riparia. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Riparia. In the winter of 1875 ‘aes received from M. mar de Saint Cl ,in Frane ndred thousand a long cuttings, ‘mostly of the oot ea which grafting stock view of the ey ish more than 1 Taylor cuttings (as this is, on account of its ‘de- ficient productiveness, but tittle cultivated), our G. E. Meissner proposed to M. ( Blou- ahiie their devastated viney ards... Fabre consented, and the In October, 1877, Fabre first published the result in the “Journal d’ Agriculture,” and since that time this spe- was: Me aa tae antic to avoid the admixture of Cor- ivalis, and other wild stapes, which @ French vintners to whom _ larger and smaller foliage, more or less hairy, more or less c_ in : color of wood, &e., some eee, stouter ee a le characteristics, given by Dr. braced quite a group of somewhat deviating forms, of finer and shi as strong as those ap ~*~ Riparia. The- bark of will b d to peal off in shreds, whilst the baxk of the agen and others- will pe off in fiakes e just in receipt (July, 1883) of the first num- ber of the “‘Ampelographie Americaine. ” an Album of’ +h National Schoollof Agriculture pete: Riparia three forms will be figured and minutely scribed. or r. Despetis, who made the Riparia aspecial st says that = SS ssi = ee or eb wanietiog a Riparia us (downy-leaved), others- glabrous rasp ty ; some have light red wood,. others dark, an eé even white (gray) wood. But they all resist everywhere and succeed generally well;. on limestone hills, however, they do not as well as the a —— zs). grape-grower will ask: Of what practical. - ‘heptane is it to know the botanic characteristics of ~ any rset The answer is, that it enables us to de- termine to which species a cultivated variety belongs, and t o know : Shereby, beyond doubt, which qualities, . have; what kind of aeoil 1 +q 3 whe gad t will w from cuttings, be more or less. ee to ne les s, be more or less hardy, etc. The Vitis Riparia healthy and. wer, native of Switzerland, now at Sauk City, Wis., writes us: “The w and hills of Wisco are full of wild vines, and they grow also along the streams and o eek-gra i late, tastes very d sour; but the which the Pp — and no cold can kill it. ae the Sand-grape GRAPE MANUAL, Fig. 40. CORDIFOLIA. LABRUSCA. Fig. 41. CORDIFOLIA. Fig. 43. RIPARIA. — toe 26 = Riparia. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Rupestris. lar to the Taylor, darker green on its upper, lighter on its lower face, and more glossy; every third leaf is . without a tendril. Crosses of this northern (Riparia) _— — seem desirable for our North-western ce 2. ae f F423. eee | varieties, and the pecleoie conan CHIPPEW. FRAN , Huntinepon, Marron and Oporto belong tothesame group orfamily. The Baccuts is of Clinton, and P robably also Schraidt’s seedling BLAcK —— Ricketts’ tts’ PEABODY, ke. The —* RB was held t fi Riparia Sand growing along the Alleghany range, from south- ern New York to Alabama; it certainly has a close re- semblance to this form of the Riparia, but “ional have lately discovered and established that the Taylor is an accidental cross with Labrusca, which is con- firmed by the character of many of its seedlings. This variety, even rhy’ a tI , health and hardiness, as also for its superior quality for wine, Avie however, generally unproductive on account of with chart 4h , WitD SHOrt or rather curved filaments ; a defect exhibited also in most of ' es. grape culture, first expressed t € opinion that some individuals of this group idler: Othello, &c.) sess excellent qualities, which, when properly deyel- oped, and their defects remedied, will make the best wine grapes in the country. Following this suggestion of Mr. Fuller, already “quoted. in the former editions ces this Catalogue, a large number of experiments have been made with Golden, Missouri Riesling Montefiore, Noah, Pearl, Transparent, Uhland. The foliage is rarely attacked by mel but the oo - ‘injured by insect punctures. The Phylloxera pre- a cco lata on gc gale ik _ made by this formidable insect. a : ject torot, and is noted for keeping well after being pen from oe That of the northern form = ahem by remaining on the omg until the fiersiocne: aS ter indicates proximity to © freesin _—. when, in ) th : 2 be ad quality either for table or wine. The greatest objection point roto — is that of having too much acid preferable to Clinton in this respect. Analysis shows that they have a sufficiency of sugar, and it seems fai cad ae the wines only require age to develop their Iti is nara that wines of the Clinton —_ ecco . in es a cellar from four to six years, a fine The anagement and culture has also a decided rebate upon the productiveness of this spe- e shoots. on young plants in _ good so soil ‘grow +} ing canes Sri 14 to 20 > feet i length before the end of sn season. On these canes _ eben akties buds some distance fro: , or point of growth on oie stem ; consequently, if eek hatk petra at the fall or winter pruning, the best buds for fruit-bearin be the re: ties of this group ren beplanted on rather poor soil, deeply and well cultivated, as they are naturally ram- ant growers, and, when planted in rich soils, are al- most uncontrolable. The : » fey i ms tU ValiOUus SULIS 7 than any other gra a aa eiegt on hoary: we aay soil, and on lime- ne hills it does a as = of — 9 as the stiva- a The B wood of the cultivated varieties 3 is soft, aentain very readily. The roots are are wiry and soar with a thin, full | hard liber, growing rapidly. of They also es resistance to os Phylioxera, which i is usu- while dais foliage is densely covered with its 5 galls. The roots haveso much vitality that new rootlets push from the swellings more rapidly than the insect c destroy them. V. Rupesreis has, of late, already become of very great value as stock for grafting. In southern Texas some experiments are being made with Vinifera graft- plete success. Wheresoever the Lenoir (Jacques Black Spanish) and Herbemont will flourish waked covering in winter and without mildew and rot in summer, ; finest European varieties will, we thi succeed, if rovected: from the Foot louse (Phylloxera) best adapted to the soil and climate. In France, also R loxera-proof grafting stock, a4 is found e valuable on poor, rocky soil, and hot, Preble exposures, where other sorts are less ada i pted romising since between Rupestris and wane inn lately in France. have. uLPrIna, Linneus.—Southern grape-growers paseo £ setgnae this species as Vitis Rotundifolia (Micha ms tous more appropriate. V. Rotundi- Joie s fentiies “rowndJeaved, as this species has leaves or f any other — Seals eles. V. Vulpi ig ~ Pox-grape;” a s rt a r+ which is gene rally known as the Fox-grape, and, while ea eke a ‘vulpina,” niece ee The e | with “fox,” } lied to the “La- ee Rotundifolia. GRAPE MANUAL. Hybrids. 27 brusca”’ and even to other ogee mer ewes species has ever been designated by the name ‘‘Rotundifolia.” This latter designation » would avoid octanin in the - pay Man ike any botanists, including Bert , Le Conte, Rafinesque, Ravanel, and Buckley, Gilowed npuonees * Rotundifolia,”’ and we may be e Linneus in this instance, and feel justified in known ape C sooner The V. Rotundifolia is serintly fined to the southern States, and in foliage and wont is unlike any other grape, either native or foreign, fh ra like those of pone? gi opin The va of this type cannot be grown from cuttings. Pru does not benefit —: on pase contrary, they must be any trimming, — cutting und erected to support the some good cultivation of the soil, they produce ie all. and sure crops, being entirely free and mildew, and, its , also from the attacks of insects. Vitis Rotundifolia, so far, enjoys perfec immunity Phylloxera, (some galls have been t flavor, that it cannot satisfy the refined French taste; and, as a grafting stock, the ess of the wood and different construction of the bark make the Rotundifolia ee for this purpose df agoieemaier: of Augusta, eorgia, ScurrERNoyG, seal THoMaS, ENDER ue Peper, and Ricumonp (there 1 ing under the name of HYBRIDS. Besides the varieties referred to either the one or the other of these species, we now cultivate many grapes which originated by cross-breeding, either through the agency seit mips: or keacti: or through the efforts and skill of m The ‘ocak or natural a hnlgerse is no doubt of big dl frequent oceurrence, but, as “fe s ba fab 41: it Pe Ae ee. ae eee ee | following new hypothesis, viz., that the stigma of the oes not receive the pollen of its own pend case breez tion where different varieties, blooming ee the same time, are growing in proximity to each oth Without discussing the subject any tank we state that we hutiere to recognize in the ALVEY, a a dea sarees Peg me Vinifera: the CREVELING Ri iparia ; the pele « ee or the Exvrra, “ = Ripar. ‘ Lelectich, and so in a few others (as mentioned in their description ot two distinct sp c botanists, we are glad to find our rererens endorsed by the botanists of both this country and Europe. From later raed (since the issue of 07 edition) we are led g of the prcgeercs ce! Era, , Pear 1 — 8 » Taylor Seedling Noany, hie Accidental c crosses more hasan. though admitted but in few varieties, such as Beauty (Catawba with Maxatawny), and Nracara (Concord einen with veorcmend: gens ge- nerally claimed ings.” The sec hybrids pee ee y artificial cross-fertilization, though of but Teeent. date, are ventas waite have been attained through this’ agency. When the supposition that the seedlings from foreign spe- ies, raised in our own soil and climate, would be more lence of the foreign with the health and native plants, ‘ont hor HI : ae ees i ae nearly or quite caidas Le ut for aes = on cherie seale, all a | native = this country. Itis a remarkable fact that some of these : ‘they are § gener: 1 in the vineyard, or are destroyed. eee from the great tendency to Variation emo of cultivated varieties, we are _ inelined tc called pure adtings so very dissimilar to their parents, : eo. prodneed nd pirat hybridization. But the io is are grapes thus cr ized by nuaieaileet the aid of man? = By insects” seems z sages —— : th ques- a cross between Concord and Chasselas mosque by . 2 = Hybrids. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Location. brids have evidently inherited from the American pa- , Tent the Phylloxera-resisting root, bat also —— the fluences the great sensibility té jsaitaee ere rot. In localities of this country where these destructive and diseases do not prevail, most of these hybrids will prove highly satisfactory ; they are— A. Hybrids between Labrusca and Vinifera - ADELAIDE, EXCELSIOR, AGAWAM, GZERTNER, ALLEN’s HYBRID, GOETHE, AMINIA (R. 39), BERT, BaRRY, HIGHLAND, Biack DEFIANCE, IMPERIA Buiack EaGueg, IRWING, rT. D CLOVER MaSsSAsoIrT, CLOVER Str. Rep, . CoNCORD 8, PLANET. CONCORD Muscat, QUA Diana H. G RoGERS’ HyBRIDS, Don Juan, . DOWNING, SENASQUA, pre Dawn, TRIUMPH, WILDER, and many more, less known. B. Hybrids between Riparia and Vinifera: _ ADVANCE, NaoMI, ARIADNE, EWARK, AUGUST GIANT, OTHELLO, AUTUCH , QUASSAIC, CANADA, SECRETARY, PIA, A C. H¥BRIDS betwi Ve of American species and Hybrids, espeeially Atma (Bacchus with Hyb: CENTED with Del.) _ DucHess (w. Concord el.) EL Dorapo (Co: th Allen’s Hybr.) W ASHINGTON (Cone. with Allen’s Hybr.) Mowror (Concord with Del _ POUGHKEEPSIE (Iona with Del. or —— ee - Purity (? on Del.) ae ‘RaRiTan (Concord with Del.) RocRESTER (Diana | test summer dst to refresh t ced are the Jerrerson (white reroute with Iona) and the Empire Stare (a seedlin he Hart Prolifie fertilized with the Clinton), ‘si by Ricketts. And it seems that in these, fine oad and beauty of fruit are united with a strong a us growth of vine and thick, mildew-resisting folia, In the former editions of this Gusiloeti e alrea- dy expressed our conviction that the pigiabeon of healthy, successful Hybrid grapes from amie nv able natives, such as the Iona, with the here still m porns eo is highly Lilacs conrree when some glas variety of the latter is used for th th at purpose ~ European eo ck are u hybrids = own oe ies ; + but it is ain for 20 CT eatin American erape culture Rere. Its progress = depends, varieties, c own loesitty: “ns we our native species and from: nhs tenor their best fully selectin gt p LOCATION, The only general rules we can give to guide in the selection ee a proper, desirable location for vineyards, a . A goo sane region is one where | the season of growth is of sufficient length to cool breezes, are preferable to rich bottom lands; low situations, where water can collect | stagnate about the roots, will notanswer; wher- wit. ever we find the ague an habitual guest the inhabitants, we need not look for healthy grape-vines ; but on the hillsides, gentle slopes, yards have not proven lucrative for the want eae = proper shelter ; where it is not afforded by wing near by, it shoud be provided bee by planting trees; — | shouid not be planted so near : thay interfere with i ec- | This fence is now 15 yearsold, over 8 feet high, | and is considered one of t the finest o a | to our grounds. — There 6 _ to the condition of Preparing. GRAPE MANUAL. Planting. 29 ‘favored that no artificial protection is needed. Remember, however, that n suited to all kinds of grapes. 2. A good soil for the vineyard should be a dry, calcareous loam, sufficiently deep (say 3 feet), loose and friable, draining itself readily. A sandy, yet moderately rich soil is better long been in cultivation, unless these have been put in clover and rested afew years. If you ‘have such a location and soil, seek no further, -ask no chemist to analyze its ingredients, but .g0 at once to PREPARING THE SOIL. “The preparation of the soil is undoubtedly -one of the m po. t operations in the establishment of a vineyard, and one of its objects should be to get the soil of a uniform texture and richness throughout, but not over- rich. This deep stirring of the soil puts it very much in the condition of a sponge, which ena- bles it to draw moisture from the soil beneath -and from the at above, and hold it for the wants of the e plant; hence, soils that ar those that are not so treated. It is of the first importance, therefore, that. vineyards and or- -chards at least should be put in the best condi- tion for the reception of the vines and trees, if the best results are aimed at.”’ Pet. Henderson, The old system of trenching is no more prac- taken the place of the spade, and has greatly lessened the expense. While we would urgea thorough work in the preparation of the soil | before planting the vine, and warn against piuiting in ditches, or, still worse, in square holes, we believe that by careful grabbing (in timber lands), leaving no stumps, which would ual eyesores and 2) negepeana en, using a breaking plow, followed by the subsoil A bouton will be stirred as deeply (say 20 inches) to i and - necessary ; | baaly goth of vines. This will require two _ to three yoke of oxen to each ap according ne the soil. old ground a common two-horse — a followed in ‘the maine plow, with a ® span song furrow ; yg ee ee by a subsoil stirrer, will be sufficient to stir the soil deeply and thoroughly, and will leave itas mellow and as nearly in its natural position as desirable. This may be done during any time of the year when the ground is open and not too wet. Most soils would be benefited by under- draining; the manner of doing this is the same as for other farm crops, except that for vines the drains should be placed deeper; it is less important on our hillsides, and too costly to be here practiced to a great roe wet spots, however, must be drained at least by gutters, and, to prevent the ground from washing, or ditches should be made, leading into a ditch. Steep hillsides, if used at all, ahoakl be terrae PLANTING, _ The soil sing thus thoroughly prepared and e condition, you are rea y for Th g this here, is in the fall, after the Ist of N ovember, or in the spring, before the Ist of May. Seasons dif- fer and sometimes make later planting advisa- ble, but never during frost nor while the ground is too wet. If you have been delayed with your work of preparing — soilin spring, the young — = the nursery should be hilled in some cool, dry an and oben so that their OPT: be retarded ; if they. have already made shoots, be specially eareful to guard against their roots getting dry. Most vine- yards are planted in spring; in northern and very cold localities, this may be eras We prefer fall planting ; the ground wi erally be in better condition, as we have eos weather in the fall, and more time to spare. The ground can settle among the roots in win- fore the condition of the ground would have permitted planting, and the young plants, commencing to grow as soon as the frost is out of the ground, will start with full vigor | in spring. To prevent the roots from. = spring, and, if you had nck wet better cultivate it with corn or BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Seed Culture. apart. The dwarfing ae practiced with European varieties, especially by German vint- ners, will not do for American vines, which must haveample room to spread anda free cir- culation ofair. The number of vines required to set an acre esau. 43,560 square feet) will be— Distance, feet. fetres. umber. 6 ft. by 6 ft ot™ Shy Ie 2 6 ft. by 7 ft o+ee- 1™ 85 by 2m 15 1,037 6 ft. by 8 ft. ........1™85 by 2m 46 ‘ <2 Ot 6ft. by 9 ft. .. 1™ & by 2m 75 ....... T OF ty 8... Leyte. lm - by 7 - om Ib by 2m 15-3. o 889 Tf. by 8 ft. 2™ 15 by 2m 46 : aie 7 ft. by 9 ft 2™ obey 27 ie 690 7 ft. by 10 ft ir SI by GM ek 622 SR. by Sf. ....... 2 4 by2mag ..... | GRO Sift. by 9 ft - - 2m™46 by 2m .. ...... 605 8 ft. by 10 ft. 2M 4G hy Sm 545 wn by 8h 2™ 75 by 2™ 75 Agha 537 Oi by OH... 2S Dy SHES cio a, dot ety iO... ee hee 435 One ac French sete or one hectare A nearly equal tot and a half ac meek «= y = ata ~ ee bo ee - epee off the rows. line, to pulveri. Sad pat col stakes where each plant is to _ stand. Now, if the ground is sufficiently =~ : Fig. 44. er than on gentle slopes with deep, rich soil, or on bottom land and rich prairies. Eight inches will bedeep enough on the latter; on the former we should plant from twelve to fourteen | inches deep. Having made the holes—and it is best not to make too many at a time, as the ground will dry out too quickly—you can go to planting. In planting it is important to give the roots their former position, and to have them each and all y surrounded with fine soil, press- ing it down with the hands or foot; then fill up the hole with earth, forming a very small hill over the head of the plant, so that no part of it may dry up, yet so as to permit the young ten- der shoot to penetrate easily. Every beginner i in Grape ¢ culture knows that lantin g,wheth- er it be for whole vineyards or iseabatie for the garden or arbor, and that such young vines are usually raised in the nursery from cuttings or layers. But the reason why they are not grown m seeds is not generally so well known, and even among alge mares grape- od eget some erro: om reer with ‘regard nitnre ies an now more than ever important and ieee to 1 this ene nyettinna ith | ee ot while most of the | ahers wikt ti ne i ae wae teers teed etcen ferent Planting. GRAPE MANUAL. Seed Culture. sl scarcely one, perhaps, be an improvement on the cultiva t. The layer or the cutting of a grape-vine will, on the contrary, exactly reproduce the parent vine from which it was taken, and even any transplanting of the same, into a norris differ- ent locality, cannot change it. The differences in soil and climate may improve or impair the vigor of the vine and its foliage, the size and quality of its fruit; in other words, they may be more or less favorable to the development of its inherent qualities, to the good or ill suc- cess of the variety ; but they will never materi- ally changeit in appearance, form, taste, color— much less in its botanical characteristics.* The practical grape-grower, therefore, who desires to plant certain varieties, all fruit-bearing, will not plant seeds, nor young plants raised from seeds — alth hough some theorists pretend that the long continued propagation and culture of the grape from the wood recent failures to withstand dis and other parasites. Careful and unprejudiced investigation and reasoning as well as practical experiments have fully established the facts: that seedlings resist no-more successfully than plants from cuttings, nor ane they much less icissit climate; and that the long continued culture and propagation wood has nothing to do with the greater or less resistance to diseases, nor has their cel- lular tissue been softened thereby. For practical grape culture we should use none but the best rooted plants of those kinds which we wish to produce. Some vintners, from one vine is to grow; but the result generally is unsatisfactory, especially with American va- Tieties, must of which do not root as easily as those of the European Vinifera class, and make much replanting necessary ; and where both : rsery rows the best of tieon to their intended vineyard. Butif we desire to obtain New varieties wi must plant seed. This is a far more seers nion that a - * The erroneous o to other countries ma become ice sons by in- fluences ofclimate and soil was often supported by errors grape transplanted ceptions in transplanting a vine or rtp nottrue | toname. Thus the famous Tokay ky tape W supposed to have been from the noble Poking: .of the different kay th Bat lately, it has been ue plants. ‘Vines raised from layers were in for- trans anted from Tokay (in| p are still slow and difficult operation than most people imagine, and but very few have been successful tas some careful breeders have succeeded in raising improved kinds, on beisrig bhey d foreach pr same end ne eae EI the best varieties of grapes and planting their seeds, having due regard to the characteristics of the parents from which they breed. (See ‘‘Hybrids,”’ p.28. 7 But of late still another very important fun tion has been agsigned to seed planting, name- ly, to produce in Europe (especially where the import of our cuttings and rooted plants has been prohibited) American vines, which resist the Phylloxera, as grafting stocks. For, how- ever great vce! camesinciih to bisescegasaeeit - = sain lings, still, of soil and climate, they retain the Phylloxera- resisting root as well as other botanical charac- ate of their parents.* During the last few years we have furnished several thousands of pounds of grape-seed to Austria, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. The reports of their germina- tion were generally favorable, while seeds sent by others mosily failed. The following report ; ring _ ee q in this respect: from you last year, the Riparia sprouted best ; so well, indeed, that we can scarcely manage the iananverahle small seedlings. All the other seedlings (from cultivated sorts) show great variety in fruit, color, foliage, &e. Most varia- ble are those from Taylor seed ; from the 2,500 bearing vines raised fro m seed of this one va- riety, a hundred distinct sorts can easily be selected. T’he young plants from Riparia seed seem not to vary much, as wecan find but very little essential difference in their foliage.” We donot intend here to discuss the vari- ous modes of multiplication or propagation of grape-vines from cuttings, layers or single eyes (buds), still less the methods of producing new varieties from seed and of hybridizing, as this would far exceed the scope of this brief manual,. nor do we desire to say whether plants grown from cuttings, from single eyes or from layers, are preferable. Propagators and nurserymen are not considered disin a suppose that those who ge this catalogue = vines from us, and want to get ‘the best’ pre- HELE MERLE ate OR PEE ES urpose it best to use the seed ofthe wild aes be used. sicti y terested, impartial judges on this question. But we may reasona-— 32 = Planting. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Grafting. ferred by many, but unprejudiced and observ- ing cultivators have found that they only look stronger and finer, but are not as goo? as plants perly grown from penises or Tg of disposition from or, green patie: The plants so piodticed usually prove a disappointment to the planter, and injure the reputation of new varieties. Our German and French vine-dressers gene- rally practiced growing vines from long cut- tings, but short (two or three eye) cuttings will from single-eye plants, and consequently pre- _ fer them. The celebrated French am pelograph Dr. Jules Guyot praised single-eye cuttings as physically and ae panic yd most approach- ing to those raised from seed. We have tried all, and find that it au very little difference fect buds. (We never found any grown from green or unhealthy wood that had them.) As a general rule, a well grown vine is in its best condition for planting when one year old. Fuller and some other good authorities prefer two-year old trans ted vines; vines older than two years should not be planted, and so- ealled extra large layers ‘‘ for immediate bear- ing” are a humbug. * There is, however, one method of propagat- ing the grape, namely, by GRAFTS, which be- longs more properly to the sphere of the cnet vator, the vineyardist, than _ OF propagator, and which presents itself Sader aspects almost entirely new. : GRAFTING. _ Grafting the grape-vine is now practiced on _agigantie scale in Europe, where the contin- ued inroads of the Phylloxera have carried oo devastation and destruction over an immense rip | that we were the first the most renowned vineyards, the ‘‘ grand crus,’’ whose products command such extraor- dinary prices as to cover the extraordinary expenses of preserving them by this means. Vineyards which can be entirely submerged in water every winter, for a period of at least fifty days, can also be maintained in spite of the Phylloxera. And, finally, vines planted in soil containing at least 60 per cent. of pure sand (silica) offer also a comparative resistance to the insect. These three means of maintaining the Euro- pean grape in spite of the Phylloxera apply oon it not for the American vine coming to the aid of its European sister. The American vine, with its strong, robust system, and its tough, vigorous Sg resists the Phylloxera, and ee lending its root to the European the te Gition of the devastated vineyards possible. When the last edition of our catalogue was published (1875) this matter was stila problem, and many then doubted whether the solution, positively and practically, would be a satisfac- solution of the Phylloxera question for the Eu. ropean vintner—that solution which alone has so far been found generally applicable, gener- ally ‘practical, and generally satisfactory. ons upon millions of vines are now ciated in Europe every spring, some on simple cuttings, some on nurse’ lants, and others in vineyard plantations; but in all cases the grafting stock is of American descent. The stocks most generally employed for this pur- are types of our wild Vitis Riparia, which : probably constitutes four-fifths of the ftin ‘ rtain degree of _ and satistaction, a nee ine wonderful _— and / era,as a stock to graft _ should live it will thrive but poorly, cues deed it variety Grafting. GRAPE MANUAL. Grafting. 83 the single Department of Herault alone fur- nished not less than twenty millions of plants _ and cuttings of Riparia, all to be grafted with the European grape. The results obtained by grafting the V. Vini- Jera on American roots have generally been found so satisfactory, not only as the means of resisting the Phylloxera, but also as imparting American stocks would probably be continued even if the dreaded Phylloxera were to sud- denly and entirely disappear. Unfortunately, the very reverse, the increase and spread of the insect, is far more probable; and the sooner those grape-growers of southern Europe whose territory is not yet infested by this scourge reconcile themselves to the idea of reconstruct— ing their precious but doomed vineyards by the means of grafting on American Phylloxera- resisting stocks, the better it will be for them. hope our American readers will excuse these rather lengthy remarks about ‘‘ grafting in Europe’’; but some of them, especially our friends in California, where the European grape forms the main basis of grape culture, may find them of some practical interest. The question of grafting the grape-vine has many other points of interest for us, aside from the object of placing a variety which is subject to the Phylloxera beyond the pernicious influ- ence of this insect. Thus another object for which grafting is very desirable is the early testing of new varieties. By i a vig- orously bearing vine we will generally obtain ng wood, and sometimes even fruit, at the first season. We are also enabled, by graft- ing, toturn old vigorous vines of perhaps some worthless variety to good account, as with a little trouble and care and the loss of only one year we can change them into some choice and valuable variety. Before we enter into the de- tails of the modus operandi of grafting, we will first speak of the conditions generally consid- ered essential to the successful performance of the operation. Pirst. THE Srock. Judging from our own eannot side with those who the stock and scion should belong to the same class in order to in- Sure perfect success. A point which is of far more importance is it belongs to some very vigorous face, to formits own roots; these will then sup- port it entirely, and it will soon dissolve its union with the unhealthy stock. Buteven in this case it will require years to overcome the effects of the uncongenial partnership. If the object in grafting is to guard a variety subject to the Phylloxera against the ravages of this insect, we should select for thestock a vine of a strong and vigorous variety, which possesses recognized powers of resistance to the insect. The graft should then be inserted as near the surface of the ground as possible, and, where practicable, even above it. Some have asserted that the stock and scion should be of varieties invariably prefer to graft a weak grower ona strong one. . Second. THE Scion. This should come from a healthy and short-jointed cane of last sum- lead pencil is the thickness that we prefer). It should be eut from the vine before very hard-freezing weath- er, and kept in a cool cellar, either in damp moss, sand, or sawdust, or buried in the ground. the grafting is to be performed Jate in spring, the scion may be kept dormant in an ice-house. Third. “WHEN TO GRAFT. The best time, as far as days and months are concerned, varies, of course, with the locality and latitude; but, as a rule, we would state that the vine cannot be grafted with good success, either while the sap is running so y as to cause the vine when cut to bleed heavily, as itis termed, nor yet (except by the process rally bloom, and lasts until after the fall of the ner This reduces the time for successful to two periods, the first onelying between the fall of the leaf and the rising of count cireulation in the sit and the second on : after this exceedingly strong ace of sap - abated and lasting until the full —— of the first young growth. — : ; 33 & ve re £2: a f a Se neem tne i .“ be as and practicall, the first ak In fact, the Inte Dr. .P. Wo es lie, of gegen S. C., considered the fallox latitu pe — deeply enough | below yw the sur | ing th 34 = Grafting. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Grafting. caused by the frost. In this latitude, however, we often have fine days in February and early in March, when the ground is open and before farther north, where the ground opens late and spring comes in abruptly, these days are generally so few that they can seldom be made of any use. For these latitudes the best oppor- tunity lies in the second period, or during the time in which the sap has ceased its active flow and exudes from the wound in a gummy state. Some even claim good success in mid-summer with scions of the same season’s growth. In describing the operation proper, of graft- ing in the several different methods, we do not think that we could give better directions than by following largely an excellent new French work, ‘+ Traité théorique et pratique du Greffage de la Vigne,” by AimMé CHAMPTIN, an eminent and most intelligent practical vineyardist, and a irited and elegant writer, who has man _Janguage by Dr. Roester. (‘‘ Der Wein- bau, seine Cultur und Veredlung, von Aimé Champin. A. Hartleben & Co.: Wien, 1882.’’) To Mr. Champin we are also indebted for the cuts relating to grafting, which are part of the seventy excellent illustrations embellishing Mr. Champin’s work. These cuts were drawn from Nature, with rare accuracy and skill, by Miss Aimée Champin. To all who are fnten: ested in the question of grape grafting, we can : d this work as one of the very best on the subject. The method of grafting most generally ap- plied for larger stocks, or for plants which are already established in the open ground, is ‘“CLEFT GRAFTING.”’ After clearing away the soil around the collar of the stock to be oper- ated upon, to the depth of 3 or 4 inches, select. a place below the surface with a smooth exte- rior around the collar ; just above this place cut the vine off horizontally with a fine-toothed saw, or, in the case of smaller stocks, with a sharp knife; then split the stock with a com- mon grafting chisel, or other sharp instrument, so that the cleft willrun down about 1} or 2 inches. Insert the small end of the grafting chisel, or a narrow wedge, in the centre of the cleft in order to keepit open, and then witha very sharp knife cut your scion—which may be 3 to 4 inches long and have one or two eyes— to along wedge-shape at the lower end, soas to fit the cleft, leaving the outer side a trifle thicker than the inner one; insert if in the cleft so that — inner bark of both stock and scion uch as possible make a close fit on each other ; aren withdraw the wedge in the centre, and the scion will be held firmly in its place by the pressure of the stock. If the stock is a large one two scions may be inserted, one on each side. This mode of grafting answers for stocks varying from one-half to three inches in diameter. (See Figs. 45 and 46. Though not absolutely necessary with large stocks, it is best to wind the grafted plant tightly with some strong coarse string, or other suitable material, in order to bind stock and graft together. Then cover it with a grafting- elay ; this clay is best made by thoroughly mix- ing one part fresh cowdung with four parts of ordinary tenacious clay. Grafting-wax, such as es Grafting. GRAPE MANUAL. ‘Grafting. 35 is generally used for tree and other grafting, cannot be recommended for the grape, as the tallow and rosin seem to have a deleterious influence. To complete the operation, replace the soil, filling it up so that the upper bud on the scion will be level with the surface. A shade placed so as to protect it from the noonday sun, or a slight mulch, is very desirable. method of grafting may also be em- ployed for small stocks; when the stock is nearly the same size as the scion a perfect con- tact of the bark mage ean be obtained on both sides. (See F ‘ Or two scions may mee = innortiod & in a stock of a little larger size (see Fig. 48). It can also be employed = grafting cuttings on cuttings (as figured in Fig. 49), though for this, and in fact for all small stocks grafted _ out of the ground, we would prefer the WHIP- GRAFT, or, better yet, the ‘‘CHAMPIN-GRAFT,”’ of which we will speak la eal hich, tho a little more tedious, is aa also that safe more certain, is to saw a slit in the stock about one and a half inches deep with a thick-bladed ide-set saw, instead of using the chisel. The cleft thus made must be spread open suffi- cient only to receive the scion, which must be cut to fit nicely in the slit, with its upper por- tion resting, with a square shoulder each side, on thestock. In this instance we prefer to with two buds, the lower one of which should ee the point where to cut the riayrtcipecrcies: in as those given before. The jrsababl adivesitage is that we can always make a clean straight cleft, even when the stock is gnarly or twisted. As the slit cut by the saw is always of a uniform thickness, the scions may be prepared beforehand in the house during a rainy day or in the evening, and kept in damp moss until ant We spoke before of the ‘‘wHrp-GRAFT’’ and C IN-GRAFT’’ as being ‘preferable for small stocks or for cuttings grafted upon Bee and itis especially convenient for graft- in-doors, for the ‘‘ graft on the table’’ or for a “oraft by the hearth-stone,’’ as the French designate it. In France millions of this grape-graft are made every winter, mostly on rooted plants of one year’s growth, but very many also on sim- ple cuttings of Phylloxera-resisting varieties. The stocks and scions should both be pro- vided in good season and kept well-preserved in sand, vets ee or corti pong ma- t place in 36 Grafting.” improved whip-grafting, or the “Cham- pin-graft”’ (la greffe Champin), we will de- scribe by a free — of that chapter of his book treating thereon Let us operate first on @ rooted plant or a rooted i better still with ‘the knife, cut off the top as BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. internode; with the pruning shears, or close as possible below an eye or joint at the | collar. remains but little difference between a plant and a rooted joint.* With a coarse rag wipe After the top has been taken off there | offallsand and grit from that portion of the | shoot to be grafted. a very thin, but wide, and not too long blade Then with a grafting- | (see Fig. 52), make a nice, straight and regular | Fig. 52. slit or cleft, from above downwards, and at one- third or one-fourth of the diameter (1} to 2} inches in length), according to the size of the subject (Fig. 53). Then, holding the stock in your left hand in the manner shown in Fig. 54, with the palm of the hand turned up, cut the thickest part of the split end toan exact smooth level, of equal length as the cleft, as shown in - . pes Bae laa a = sr Footed in _den-bass is very good, but any small, stron, Grafting. Fig. 55. This operation is not at all amicate: ee in order to perform it easily, it requires a very | sharp knife, ground to a fine edge from the upper side only. e graft or scion, which should be selected two eyes, is prepared, split and cut precisely in the same manner as the stock, except only, of course, that the cleft and level will be at the lower extremity instead of at the upper. (See , Fig. ‘Having thus prepared both stock and — itisa very easy matter to unite and adjus them, as shown by . 56, care na the beaxk of both fit together exactly and snug- ly, at least on one side. e graft is now ready for the tie, which "should be of some strong pliable material. Lin- Grafting. GRAPE MANUAL. mae 57 shows. a well- planting out; or, if the operation is performed in winter, before the planting season, it may be stored in the cellar, or some other suitable place, carefully packed away in sand or ust. The operation of graft- ing upon simple cuttings is Nagai in precisely A same manner. vented cutting is shown in Fig. 58. The grafted cutting should be planted ane in hursery rows and there for one season bette upon; in such cases, a thrifty young cane t some desirable point near its end. The graft may be either an ordinary reader. One ‘ 8 ease the layered canes should be separated from the parent stocks in the latter part of summer, and may be taken up in the fall like any other ordinary layers When the object of grafting is to they are set out for per- place a European variety or a manent vineyard planta- hybri ¥. examined about once Pig. 58. Pig. 57. fe tion. This plan is now pursued on @ very extensive scale in c tees on a layered cane ; for instance, in filling a vacancy in a vineyard-row, , or in cases where no ~arphnnmee: be obtained for inserting a graft at the collar of an old stored to be meer "A 1, wound aroun the itn ses an excellent Tent substitute for vragen clay or wax ‘ i r :t re wound around the “ peeve ot anak ne o aad Fig. 5% 3 : op cco should be about % ert a “Whore the 38 = Grafting. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Grafting. scion is itself of a a variety, this precaution is, of course. It frequently beside that i buds of the ' grafts swell rapidly within a few days after the operation, and then, after having given great promise for a week or two, they turn brown and apparently die off. Do not let this dis- courage you too quickly, and above all make no rash examinations of the cause of this seem- ing failure, by pulling out the scion or other- wise loosening it. A graft will often remain in this state for a period of five or six weeks, . and then start up all at once with a vigor that will push young wood to the length of twenty or more feet the same season. Keep the young growth well tied up, and carefully remove all suckers from the parent stock as soon as they appear. A method of ‘Green or Herbaceous graft- shoot which is to be low an eye ; it is then split nearly up to the eye below the cut. The scion, which has been taken from a suitable young shoot, is cut to one eye with a long, thin wedge, below which it is fitted nicely into the split. The graft is then wrapped with woolen yarn. After a few ' mp develop shoots of a yard (over 90 centim.) or > length, the same season. D _ by frost. ‘The advantages of this method of grafting are, that fruit may often ; ob- “tained the first season, that several grafts _ be made on the same stock, and that the ie. work in the vineyard is, comparatively, ay ped : GRarmine BY APPROACH oR INARCHING. June (t east year, it Neste im make a me above the | sufficiently strong growth, if not, the second year), or as soon as the young shoots become sufficiently hard and woody to bear the knife, a shoot is taken from both the stock and the to the other, fora length of two or three inches. This must be done with a smooth cut of asharp knife, a little deeper than the inner bark, so as to obtain on each a flat surface. They are then fitted snugly together, so that the inner bark joins as much as possible, and are wrapped securely with some old calico strips, or with soft bass strings. Besides this, it is well to one tie a little below, and one above the grafted point, and also to tie the united canes toa stake or trellis to insure against all chances of loosen- ing by the swaying of the wind. The rapid swelling of the young growth at this period of the year makes it desirable that the grafts be looked over after a few weeks, replacing such ties which may have burst, and loosening others which may bind so as to cut into the wood. union will generally be made in the course of two or three weeks, which will be The shoots themselves are to be left to grow undisturbed for the rest of the season. In the fall, ifa good union has taken place, the cane forming the scion is cut close below its union with the stock cane, which in its turn is cut close above the connection. Supposing the stock to have been a Concord and the scion a Delaware, we now have a vine of the latter en- tirely on the strong, vigorous root of the former. Of course tant vigilance must be exercised to prevent suckers from starting out joint the first few winters by a slight covering of straw or soil to prevent the frost from split- ting it apart. Another mode of grafting above ground (eopied from ‘‘The Gardner’s Monthly ae W. C. Strong in his valuable work, “The Cul- tivation of the Grape 7) ie. not merely interest- ing in itself, but also illustrative of many othe modifications in cere et = Fig. 60. se 422005 eer = © sap is is flowing, , you: choose the cae At that . pect wip a twine tightly several times around the vine. This will, in eeasrencs — Grafting. GRAPE MANUAL. Planting. 39 Below the ligature make a slo- ping cut down, as shown at a; also, a similar reversed one above the ligature, as at 5, about one inch in length. In selecting a scion cies one that has naturally Cut it so that it shall be we weddeabags at both ends, and a little longer than the distance be- tween the cuts in the vine at a contact, securing it with a string, c, bound round both scion and vine sufficiently tight to force the scion-ends into their places. the work is done well, no tie will wax. In a short time, the bud at d 1 commence its growth, after whigh you can, by degrees, remove all the growing shoots not belonging to in the fall remove all above @ on the stock, and above ¢ on the scion.” We refrain from speaking of other methods of grafting, as we believe that the modes of P Ww and illustrated by plain figures, which rosie the’ best results, generally. The extensive grafting operations of France are setiy confined to these methods, and eres cal oo is the best teacher in such mat- We also deem it unnecessary to speak of the many machines and tools lately invented for grafting; as a good pruning knife, as de- seribed, is the tool ace in bh end quite satis- factory in skilled hands. We should here mention that, generally varieties do not take less, when well done, at the proper season and with well cond ditioned wood, the operation will show a far corr peemenee = of success than of In cui mien edition we ber, 1880, we exhibited in St..Louis, at the meeting of the Mississippi Valley Horti- cultural Society, a number of fine foreign grapes, raised in open air, on grafted vines, in our own vineyards. so far as protecting the European grape from the Phylloxera, has been highly satisfac- tory, we have found our climate, in this lati- tude, too unfavorable for the V. stom, he to en- tion. For our section of the United States, therefore, we would not recom- mend anything deters! than limited trials in this direction. But we think that there is a valuable field of cael for the enterpris- ing grape-grower in some sections of the Southern States, where, under more favorable climatic conditions, the V. vinifera, grafted upon Phylloxera-proof native stocks, would most likely give excellent results. PLANTING (Continued). But now let us return to the modus sisted of planting. Take your vines, in a pail with water, or wrapped in a wet cloth, from the place where they were heeled-in,* to the holes ; when Lares let ae hago, shorten the roots, Wi , then spread them out evenly re all sides, sae let another fill in with well pulverized earth. The earth should vine in slanting, and let its top come out at the stake previously set. Then, with your knife, eut back the top to a bud just above, or even with the surface of the ground. Do not leave more than two buds on any one of the yor vines which you are planting, howeyer strong of the two shoots may afterwards be removed enere back. © : a — deep, wide ‘en the Pp. promised to experi- | tween them. ment more largely with the grafting of Euro- } eS We 40 Planting. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Trellis. When planted in the fall, raise a small mound around your vine, so that the water will drain off, and throw a handful of straw or any other mulch on the top of the mound, to protect it ; but donot, under any circumstances, cover er the vine with manure, either decomposed or fresh. It is a well-authenticated fact that, under product increases in quantity. But the pro- ducts of vineyards so manured have an ac- kKnowledged defect—they impart to the wine a flavor which recalls the kind of manure ap- lied. What is gained in size of bunch and frequently turned ; but do not allow any de- composing organic ma matter to come in contact with the newly planted vine. During the first summer little else can be done than to keep the ground mellow, loose about the plants and free from weeds; stirring the ground, especially in dry weather, is the best : salt-hay, or the or maintain @ more Do not tie ‘iil be obtained. A fair growth is about four _ feet the first summer. Some grape-growers _ prefer, however, to allow but one a the strongest, to grow, and break the others off, _ then tie this one shoot to a stake, and pinch pack the laterals to one or two leaves each. a a= after the foliage is all off, cut back to two or three buds. Cover the short cane left with a fewinches of earth before the ground freezes. If any vacancies have occurred, fill out, as soon as possible, with extra strong vines, of the same varie During the following thier. the TRELLIS should be built.. The plan adopted by most of our experienced grape growers, as possessing some advantages over other plans, gta! if grapes are grown in large quantities, is as fol- lows: Posts of some durable timber (red ‘sii is best) are split 3 inches thick and about 7 feet long, so as to be 5 feet in height after being set; these posts are set in holes 2 feet deep, 16 to 18 feet apart in the rows (so that either 2 vines 8 feet apart, or 3 vines 6 feet apart, are between two stakes); three wires are then stretched horizontally along the posts, being. fastened to each post With : a staple 9, which is driven in so firmly that the wire is prevented Fig. 61.—(Four wires, 15-inches apart.) nt weather) will not loosen them. ire is placed about 18 inches from the ground oa the others 18 inches apart; this brings the upper wire about 4 feet 6 inches from the ground. The size of the wire used is No. 10 iron ; No. 12 wire is strong enough. At the present prices of wire the cost per acre will be from $40 to $60, according to distance of rows and number of wires used. In place of the wire, slats or laths may serv: | the same purpose (as seen in Fig, 62), but they ak. ———- ie GRAPE MANDAL. Training. 41 are not durable, and the posts must then be put in much closer. Another mode of makin wire trellis (the Fuller plan) is with horizontal bars and perpendicular wires, as shown in a following illustration (Fig, 63). Posts of good, hard, durable wood, 3 inches in diameter and 2 et se om oe a Fig. 63. bor 63 to 7 feet long, are placed between the vines, at equal distance from h vine, and in a line with them, 2 feet deep in the ground. When’ the posts are set, nail on strips about 2} inches’ placed one. foot from the ground, and the other at the top of the posts. Then take No. 16 gal- vanized iron wire and put it on perpendicu- larly, twisting it around the lower and upper bar, at a distance of about 12 inches apart. Galvanized wire is preferable, and as a pound of No. 16 wire gives 102 feet, the additional ex- pense is but very small. This trellis will prob- ably cost less than one with horizontal wires, and is preferred bysome. Practical experience, however, speaks in favor of horizontal wires, and a method with only two horizontal wires, the lower about 3 feet high and the upper then Saye West. A good many growers train their vines to stakes, believing it to be cheaper; and the costly plan: This method has also the great advan of al- + plow and cross-plow the ground in all directions, around the vines. ged ” Jeaving but little to hoe this ¥ mode is apt to crowd foliage and fruit too much; others therefore use two, and, where timber is plenty, even three stakes, placed around each vine, about ten inches from it, until they reach the top. of training on stakes is, that these soon rot in the ground, and must be almost annu- ally taken out, repointed and driven into the soil, consequently require more labor, and are not as durable as trellis, unless cedar poles, or other very durable timber is simnie f the tem (as shown in Fig. 65) is also highly recom- mendable, requiring but one wire for the bear- WW. ing canes and much lighter stakes, which need Fg» A ~H — > fx . 4 q not hara Wiiwiw sty wire is used to hold t] them, and will consequent- ly last longer; but this method does not afford the advantage of pic achetak ing. To secure this advantage and af the same time to give'to our pies growers more space and the benefits of high training, we made a kind of ‘‘ Arbor Trellis” in one of our vine: (Fig. 66), the construction of which is more ex- pensive on account of the necessary high posts — (of which the end-posts only need be quite strong) and of the wire; 5 but the productiveness and probable exemption from di is also greater in proportion. By this method the and summer-pruning and tying i is almost entirely dispensed ed with. =e frait-gathoring ms, sand ever, , gorous yi should be thus trained. shown in Fig. oe ban ntti Fe i our §' growers 42 = Training. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Training. Some people believe that we could even dis- pense with both trellisand stakes entirely, and urge the adoption of the ‘ Souche” or ‘“‘ Buck ” plan, used in parts of France and Switzerland, but quite impracticable for our strong growing species in this climate. Another mode of cultivation, which our G. E. Meissner ha in Italy, seems more applicable to many of our hardy Ameri- ean varieties: it is the cultivation of the vine on living trees instead of trellis or stakes. The tree principally employed for this purpose is the Acer campestris, a species of maple. The trees are planted at theage of two to four years, when they are about fcur to five feet high. They are planted in vineyards ata distance of about 12 feet each way, some planting also with the vines, which are set in the rows about mid- way between the trees. The vines and trees are both well cultivated, so as to induce a rapid and healthy growth. At the end of the season the vines are cut down to two eyes above the ground, and the second season one or two strong canes are grown from them and care- fully tied up to temporary stakes. At the end of the second season, or as soon as the vine has attained a sufficiently strong growth of cane, it is laid down in a trench, about eight or ten inches deep, to the tree; the trench is cov- ered in, and the canes ‘shortened back, that wake two eyes of the vine project at os — te base of the tree. It is now ready for t up on the tree, the roots of which do not —— with its growth, as the main of the vine are at a sufficient _ main stems trained up from the bottom. The after-system of pruning and cultivation differs but little from ordinary vi ee The Those who know the cost of grape-stakes and trellis, and the constant expense and trouble eos repairs and renewals which their requires, will ‘iate the advantages which such a plan would offer, if it can be suécess- fully applied in this country. The main diffi- culty seems to be in finding the proper kind of tree to use in place of Acer campestris, which we do not find here. The important points to pie observed in the selection of the tree seems to us to bea quick growth in the first years, yet not a naturally large grower—a tree that will shed its foliage tolerably early in the fall, approach of spring, as soon frost is past; then eultivate the whole ground, plowing between the rows from four to six inches mellow condition continually ; but do not work the ground when wet! During the second summer a cane or shoot is produced from each of the two or three buds which were left on the young vine last fall. Of these young shoo the trellis, and, let them grow unchecked to the uppermost wire. With the strong-growing varieties, especially where we intend to grow the fruit on laterals or spurs, the two main canes are pinched off when they reach the second horizontal wire, whereby the laterals are forced into stronger growth, each formi a medium-sized cane, which is shortened in the fall from four to six buds. One of the two main canes may be lay- ered in June, covering it with mellow soil, about an inch deep, leaving the ends of the laterals out of the ground. These will gener- ke good plants in the fall for further plantations ; with varieties which do not grow easily from cuttings, this eae is particu- larly desirable. Fig. 67 5s the tied and a ee at ‘ti end of the Pruning. GRAPE MANUAL. Pruning. 43 second season (the cross lines through the canes showing where they are cut off or pruned). _ Another good mode of training, reeommended by Fuller, is to bend down in fall, at the end of the second season, the two main canes of the vines (the laterals of which have been pinched back to concentrate the growth into these main canes) in opposite directions, laying and tying them against the lower wire or bar of the trel- lis, as shown in Fig. 63, and shortening them to four feet each. Then let five or six of the buds on the upper side of the arms be grown into upright canes. (See Fig. 68.) All buds and shoots not wanted for upright canes should be rubbed or broken off. This latter method i is not well adapted for varieties w covering in winter. Where the canes are started lower, near the ground, and cut loose from the wire, they can be easily covered with earth. time to keep it in our convenient control, we should allow no more wood to grow than we need for sg seasons’ bearing, and for this sort to spring pruning, generally, though operate. called SUMMER PRUNING. The time to perform the first summer pruning is when the young shoots are about six inches long, and when you can plainly see all the small bunches—the embryo fruit. We com- mence at the two lower spurs, having two buds each, and both started. One of them we intend next fall, we pinch with the thumb and finger to just beyond the last bunch or button, taking out the leader between the last bunch and the next leaf, as shown in Fig. 69. line indicating Ww checked, and pinch off the other. We now go over all ie At the commencement of the oi season (un- cover and) tie the canes to t rellis. For tying, any oe string or stout ian yarn, the shreds of old ed two weeks or longer in running water. Others plant the Golden Willow, and use its small twigs for tying purposes. Tie closely, and as young canes grow keep them tied, but, in all cases, take care against tying too tightly, as debts free flow of sap may be ob- structed. The ground is now plowed and hoed again, as before. One (6’’) deep plowing in spring, eoking care, ‘espana not to cut or tear the two more shallow (3”’ or Ranches snd fochle shoots. ae meer - sary Fig. 99. the last bunch. Should any of the budshave __ - pushed out two shoots, we rub off the weakest; oe we also take off all barren or weak shoots - which may have started from the foot of - 5 will vine. “The bearing. branches hacia: all. been a wood of the vine, and summer prunin. 44 Pruning. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Pruning. both sides of the vine, as our object must be to give the fruit all the air and light we can without depriving it of the necessary foliage, which is of greatest importance for the forma- promote the the sugar formation, but rather im- pede the By nerens ee the grapes have bloomed, the laterals will have pushed from the axils of the a on the bearing shoo Now go over hese again, and pinch each lateral back to one mae as shown in Fig. 70. In a short time the laterals on the fruit-bearing branches which have been pinched, will throw out suckers These are again stopped, leaving one leaf of the young growth. Leave the laterals on the canes intended for next years’ fruiting to grow unchecked, tying them neatly to the wires with bass or pawpaw bark, or with rye straw. If you prefer training your vines on the hori- zontal arm system (Fig. 68) the mode of sum- Pp: in the main be the same. Pinch off the end of each upright shoot as soon as it has made two leaves beyond the last bunch of wait the shoots after being stopped gain, as we wish to keep them within the limits of the trellis, and the laterals should be stopped beyond its first leaf, Thus we try to keep the vine equally in fruit, foliage and wood. It will be perceived that fall pruning, or shortening-in the ripened g, short- ening-in and thinning out of the young growth, have and the same object in view, namely, to keep the vine in proper bounds, and concen- ts energies for a srk tae object, would be allI would ever consider necessary, om vines in fall or early spring, and then leave them entirely without summer pruning.’’ The importance of this matter is so great that we subjoin— . HUSMANN’S METHOD OF SUMMER PRUNING. {Extract from the ‘“‘ Grape Culturist,” Nov., 1870.] Without proper and judicious summer prun- ing, it is impossible to prune judiciously in the fall. If you have allowed six to eight canes to grow in summer where you need but two or three, none of them will be fit to bear a full crop, nor be properly developed. We prune longer in fall than the majority of our vintners, which gives a double advantage; should the frost of winter have injured or killed any of the first buds, we still have enough left; and should this not be the case, we still have our choice to rub off all imperfect shoots, to re- duce the number of bunches at the first pinch- ing, and thus retain only strong canes for the next years’ fruiting, and have only large, well developed bunches. But to secure these advantages we have cer- tain rules, which we follow stri to the importance of this subject, and that the old practice of cutting and slashing the young growth in July and August is generally dis- countenanced. It has murdered more prom- ising vineyards than any other practice. But people are apt to run into extremes, and many are now advocating the “let-alone”’ doctrine. We think both are wrong, and that the true course to steer is in the middle. 1. Perform the operation EARLY. Do it as soon as the shoots are six inches long. At this you can oversee your vine much easier. levely young shoot is softand pliable. You do not rob the vine of a quantity of foliage it can not spare (as the leaves are the lungs of the plant and the elevators of the sap). You can do three times the work that you can perform . : a week later, when the shoots have become hardened, and intertwined by their tendrils. Remember that the knife should have nothing to do with summer pruning. Your thumband finger should perform all the work, and they ean do it easily if it is done early. 2. Perform it thoroughly and systematically. Select ‘the shoots you intend for bearin ~ Pruning. GRAPE MANUAL. much none of the canes will ripen their wood as thoroughly nor be as vigorous as when each hasroom, air and light. Having selected these, commence at the bottom of the vine, rubbing off all superfluous shoots, and all which appear weak and imperfect. Then go over each arm or part of the vine, pinching every fruit-bearing branch above the last bunch of grapes, or, if this should look weak or imperfect, remove it and pinch back tothe first perfectly developed bunch. Should the hud have pushed out two or three shoots, it will generally be advisable to leave only the strongest, and remove the ance. Do not think that you can. do part of it a little later, but be unsparing in taking away all you intend to take this time. Destroy all the caterpillars and all the insects you find feeding on the vines, and the steel-blue beetle, as it will eat into the buds. But protect the lady-bug, mantis, and all the friends of the vine After the first pinching, the dormant buds in the axils of the leaves, on fruit-bearing shoots, will each push outa lateral shoot oppo- site the young bunches. Our second operation consists in pinching each of these laterals vack to one leaf .as soon as we can get hold of the shoot above the first leaf, so that we geta young Species leaf additional opposite toeach bunch _ Of grapes. These serve as elevators of the sap, and iso as an excellent ana tag and shade to the fruit. Remember, our aim is not to rob the plant of its foliage, but to ich two leaves grow where there was but one before, and at a place where they are of more benefit to the fruit. By our method, our rows of vines have the appearance of leafy walls, each bunch of the fruit properly =: and yet each part of the vine is properly ventila After the second ick gof the fruit-bearing branches, as described above, the laterals will generally start once more, and we pinch the young growth again to one leaf, thus giving each lateral oe well-developed leaves. The whole course should be completed about the middle of dees here and whatever grows afterwards should be left. In closing, let us _ glance at the objects we have in view: 1. To keep the vine within proper bounds,. so thatitis at all times under the control of the Vintner, without weakening its constitution by robbing it of a great amount of foliage, 2. Judicious thinning of the fruit at a time | ee Se tee ee opment. Q ry x - Pe we a aes its devel- E fore- oF sg the ro the ater tevin te some which will shade the fruit and serve as conduc- tors of the sap to the fruit. g rous canes for next year’s fruiting and no more, thereby making them stronger; as every part of the vine is thus ac- _ eessible to light and air, the wood will ripen better and more uniformly. 5. Destruction of noxious insects. As the vintner has to look over each shoot of the vine, this is done more thoroughly and systematic- ally than by any other process. FALL OR WINTER PRUNING. This may be performed at any time, during mild days, while the vine is in a dormant state, generally from November to March, but should be done at least a week before vegetation is likely to commence. Tender varieties should by a mulch of litter, leaves, earth, or other cov- ering, to prevent injury from alternate freezing and thawing; the vines which are not hardy must therefore be pruned in November, when they are simply laid down on the ground and mulched lightly, to be uncovered again in ther north, the — . covering up the vines, both tops and roo recommendable also with the hardy ects i willrequire somewhat dif- tment ; some varieties (strong grow- ers) will fruit better if pruned to spurs on old wood than on the young canes, retaining the old canes and pruning the healthy, strong shoots or laterals they have to two buds, whereas others (only moderate growers) - will flourish and bear best when pruned short and our descriptive catalogue, but only by _— and experience can he learn the best me variety. The following correct views on this subject are from the ‘Grape Culturist,’’ Nov., 1870: ‘Some varieties will bear more readily and larger bunches upon the laterals of the young _ canes, some upon the spurs of a few eyes on old a bearing branches, and some will fruit-readily _ _— principal canes. This should a = Most of the strong growere ofthe Labrusen _Per- king, ete.), as well as some of its more vigorous hybrids (Goethe, =e ete.), and. e € 46 Pruning. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Pruning. rals of the young canes of last summer's growth provided they are strong enough, which they will be if they have been pinched acco to our directions ; the fruit-buds at chs base of the principal canes are seldom well-developed, and will not bring much fruit. We therefore grow the fruit on the laterals, which can beshortened in to from two to six eyes each, gins apt = their strength. All these rank g have plenty to do—that is, they should “be pruned long, much longer than is generally done. Should too many bunches appear, you ’ z ean easily reduce t p ing. Allthe Cordifolia*, and some of the Esti- valis class (Cynthiana and Norton’s Virginia), produce best on spurs on two or three year old canes » they will also bear better on spurs on laterals than on main canes, but do not pro- duce their best fruit until they can be ‘‘spurred in” on old arms. For this purpose, select for your spurs strong, well-ripened shoots; cut them back two to three eyes each, and cut out all the small and im the strength of your vine, aud always bear in mind that you can reduce the number of bunches when summer-pruning. “A third class produces oe and abund- antly from the main canes. i i the varieties which do not pasa! very stron z, the La , and all of more or less as good as any for them. this class than both of the others, and they should never be allowed to bear too much,”’ From the above 1t will be seen that — . ptoceee methods apply to different varieties, an may add that they ought also to be here toother circumstances. Those, there- oe fore, who have recommended various and con- each | have ets enemies be- correct how vara the other system is best appli- | g. ¥ Tt. s.¢ Maty Goce and, when ae | Sa pr, on Fy &e. to the trellis in spring, to present the appear- ance as shown in Fig. 71. a (Fig. 71.) cultivator should be used for the destruction of weeds and keeping the surface-soil mellow. _ The hoe will be needed tokill the weeds imme-- diately around the plants, as before. At the last plowing in the preceding fall the furrow- slice should have been thrown TOWARDS the vines, thus aitording Pepisebeinney, ‘Peotection - oo of the canes, - Top dress- f lime, ashes, rsede &e., may, if pier be best applied at the same time. In the following spring, therefore, the first plow- ing should be reversed, and the ground will be level. Plowing in the vineyard should never be so deep as to injure the roots of the vines. If you train your vines on the horizontal sys- tem, the upright canes, which were pruned arms, only the strongest one should beallowed to grow, and all others rubbed off. Instead of ten to twelve upright — you will have twenty to twenty-four, and, allo three: bunches toeach, you may get seventy bunches to every vine the fourt planti the strongest shoots ot the pre- _ Yious years’ growth. _ The only proper system of pruning Training. GRAPE MANUAL. Diseases. 47 ages and secures an abundance of such shoots. By this = i ok all new systems, so called, sh e proved, and ers grape cadiaae: may be able to guard ae receiving false impressions with reference to any mode which may fall under their observa- tion ; and this caution is the more necessary as young vines will bear good crops for a few tr cer periods, and replace it with younger wood from near the base of ye plant. tules can hardly be given for an operation which requires so much ied and such uaintance with the growth and bear- ing habits of the different varieties. If you desire to train your vines for arbors or s, set an extra strong young plant, in rich, well-prepared soil ; leave but one shoot to grow during the first summer, and if necessary _ even during the second, so that it may get very s g. Cut back to three eyes in fall, these will each throw outa strong shoot, which should ve to the arbor they are designed to cover, and allowed to grow unchecked. These three _€anes will be cut back in the fall following, to ‘three buds each, which will give us three prin- cipal branches, each producing canes the third or fourth season ; of each of these branches, cut next fall one cane to two eyes, and the others to six or more buds, according to the strength of the vine, then gradually increase the num- ber of branches and cut back more severely those which fruited. In this manner a vine can be made in the course of time to cover a large space, produce a large quantity of fruit, and —. very old. ose who desire further information and us modes of runing and ing, or on the culture of @ vines in Wm. Saunders, U. 5. | Department of Agriculture. Report, 1866. DISEASES OF THE GRAPE-VINE. The vine, with “ its methine and longevity, is no — subject to n all other organic bodies, You ha with the necessity of clean “por apeed ace the soil,* of proper training, and of thinning the fruit. If you dis- these ar even the healthiest and most vig- orous varieties cultivation ; their causes are in fact unknown, except that they are produced by fungi—microscopic para- oe plants, i bear "brite etc., of which there- y differe kinds, d oak our ‘ckuae | is as ae vie deficient. ond our contro grape ean scientific description ‘and proper gece tion of the t Academy of Science of St. oe 1861, by Dr. so Am. Pactioauak Just before going to press we are fayored b Gro. ENGELMANN, tied the following article on this most important su! . THe DISEASES oF GRAPE-VINES are principally occasioned by animal or vogutuble parasites. I leave others, who are more roars With the subject, to treat of the former, and will m had such power over them; but they as well as the insect live — the pean having no other nourishment than the : you may eall it an iisecce ie parm rae More important for us in America are ‘the fungus — - diseases, } than the Phylloxera. Tt is said that in Europe —— dis 2 e are aware of the fact that i in certain seaso! WwW aesiernig tenmapea a ee aise tax winia led w: with grass and oS hoed and ated *\ -48 Mildew. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Rot. over 200 kinds of fungi which live on the differ- | and may possibly have run its co ust as other epi- ‘oak parts of Moses but fortunately only afew of them | demics are apt to ra It is unkno own where it origi- really inj . the mildewof | nally came from; some suppose that it originated in the leaves and the black rot of the berries. In E America, but it has never appeared h ere in the form urope our mildew, which has lately been introduced, ‘they have the Oidium and the i Sane e Mildew, Peronospora viticol ears in frost- dike white spots on the under oes ne leaves, hairy as ‘well as glabrous ones, and may generally be observed ‘here in Missouri from the beginning of June, fostered Dy fe sultry on Pt beg wet weather, usual at that come on sugges in summer eat in ee fall. Thou ‘the leaves, it sometimes also infests Sa caeeorenge of tthe leaves, the stems of the Pomciaty and the very young erties. But, even if it does not attack the latter, the -effect on the leaves sions, ‘which turn bro own in spots stroys the fruit, the berries shrivellin base, brown with ing off. This is h sometimes termed ‘“‘ —" The fungus at first pervades the cellular gas ofthe leaf; then, a few days later, the minute fun ms ‘protrude ugh the stomats (breathing area of the lower surface, forming little upright branching plant- Jets, which might be compared to a miniature spruce , Singly not visible to the naked eye; at the end of the branchlets they bear the summer spores (conidia), which mature, are disc. , Spread by wind or other- wise, and, when moistened, germinate with astonishi resting spores (oospores) in the interior oft the leaf-tissues, and, while the others propagate the p alive through winter and insure its in the following summer. Thus it is seen that the iden red leaves, containing the resting spores, really do for the next season’s mildew. oo ia Eu Burope—like the Phylloxera, accidentally intro- cops algpaarage tapmmmanyprsaty threai ito oe : - words about this Oidium may be in place here. This is a mildew-like fungus which appears on — upper surface of ae under which it is known in Euro still questio mycologists; at all events we have thus far only one destructive form * mildew here, the Perono onoepar ss. 4h, swicolss. On the cries, but never wn, in July or August, very rarely on halfgrown berries in es a “light brown spot with a darker sented point is observed on the side and not near the stem; sea eget spreads, and darker, shining nodules or pustul eye, begin nea. above the'epidermis ; 3; at whole berry shrivels up, turns bluish-black, the pus _ tule cilaginous coating. In this condition the spores are inert, but rain will dissolve the mucilage and liberate and wash down the spores, or they will fall to the ground with the dead berries. What then becomes of — igwaaeds in Germany Br sot in in France Ant seat ‘baie: which by some authorities has been supposed to be another form of development of our Black Rot, : his above described; this, how The former attacks all the green , leaves, young ee or green berries, and forms open wounds which mi while our Phoma is iesisteand 01 green 2 —— breaking up the tissues. - >a ing ulce! in in Europe szeady known it in the last naheny. mae Had we known gas Mise ph adresse vor eagme above article on great an per trtnae gy sept omitted some of the following lines, previousl sly written by oursel This circumstance and the importance of the logue. nat ae seem a repetition; and will stand as the description of bem eatin by the scholar, the following may the practical grape-growers’ not be unwelcome as views. we have of late, also, France, - Unfortunately also, the Sphaceloma ue eee How or whence iteame, we do not S observed the — Ss, plainly visible with the naked” Mildew. GRAPE MANUAL. Peronospora. 4% VITICULTURAL REMARKS. The Ameri Miupew (Peronospora viticola) first —* itself in the form of spots ieciaabting a small umulation of powdered sugar, not larger than a lent on soe a underside of the leaf; but imperceptibly end and join until they cover a larger niga face of the foliage. Later tack dry up and take the color of leedwii or dead eae so that these mildewed, Se elled, dried-up leaves are often confounded with o taken for ‘‘ sun-scald’’; but on closer observation mil. dew can easily be di ished from sun-scald. the effect of the latter, there is no white powdery mushroom vegetation visible on the lower face of the leaf. Mildew mostly attacks the foliage, sometimes also the young gree n stems; rarely the small, young, never the full-grown, ripenin; i The important difference between Perinospors (the Am. mildew) and Oidium (the European mildew) is not sri are that Perenospora appears on ee while appears on the upper surface, but that the ar penetrates the Bim i tissue of ‘he! “i while Oidium grows on its wu surface only. ee ness exert a preponderating influence on the om eae of the disease; rain, dew, even ta ‘ever the spread and germination of the spores, while a pro- longed pertaos restricts and kills them Dp. a remedy sulphuriz: any mildew is mode of using it. Bellows were specially man for this e ine-growers were found to testify to'the efficacy of this panacea; none co ed ;f repeated trials, merely venturéd to say in the former To distinguish this from the Oidium (the European waiidow) we call the P “ American mildew”; but this dangerous fungus in ys ena we ‘doubt that WwW. Pearson, from of unee here who here weed eutphar if ot all, ted in the edition of this Catalogue, | “with our prices of labor it would scarcely be practicable—and it is best not to plant largely of those semicon which are very liable to + isease,’’ Not until this course a had also been observed and st e, where it was first noticed in 1878, esr aap sh these last four years, spora, Oidium, lives not merely on the surface of the leaf, but pra its tissue. we are not without hope that some fe) s. We have now before us an ‘‘Es- SAI SUR LE DIOU, PAR pEt, Professeur 4 la Faculté des Sciences 4 Bordeaux,” Paris, ; he suggests, asaremedy, a mixture of powdered pore eon of iron, copperas (4lbs.), with plaster of, Paris, gyp- sum oad Ibs.), isducoeey: according to reports, was applied de Bordeaux), with marked success. Remedies of this kind must be used very cautiously; and until their and proper mode of appliance lished, our grape-growers will do best to select those varieties which are generally less liable to this disease. To — in doing so, the following table,* based on many experience, may be of service: TABLE OF rgprocggean VINES (PRINCIPAL VARIETIES) WITH REGARD TO THEIR RESISTANCE TO MILDEW (Peronos- pora). I. Catecory: almost sahicdly exempt, even in unfa- yorable seasons and localities 4istivalis, Northern Division ; ‘Cviiiiain, Nor- ton’s sien orthern Division: Concord, Hartford, eterg Beckton: also, Champion, Cottage, North enango. Riparia and its ts crosses with Labr.: Elvira, Mis- souri Riesling, Montefiore, — Taylor. ee . : WT £. Ay At 1 50 Mildew. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Rot. Riparia crosses with Labr.: Amber (Rommel’s), Marion, Uhland. Hybr., Labr. and Vinifera, Labr. and Hybr., and Vinif. with Rip.: Black Eagle, Brighton, Brandt, Herbert, Lindley, Triumph, Wilder. TV. — suffering — even in normal ptin some few fav savin dicalitkies, which her from mildew. stivalis, Elsinbur: umelan Labrusca, South. Division : Adon = Real dac Creveling, Isabella, Iona, Mottled, Ri ney, Union Village, Rebecca, Walter. Undetermined Class - DELAWARE. Hybr. of Vinif. and Labr,- Agawam, Allen’s hybr. Amenia, Barry, Black Deflation. goa Irving, Massasoit, Merrimack, Salem Sen- asqua. Hybr. of Vinf. and Rip. Autuchon, Canada. Cornucopia, Othello. eo = sufficiently tried, and especially new would not presume t 0 classify ; - may piky aera f their resistan parentage. The Delaware. or the Isabella, and all ‘brids (of te ) give but faint hopes for their succe: ss in docalities usuall S. growers resor and generally prefer to select Varie- te ih are los oct mile a Sow tr de ner akesits proses ) pearance of this be ta damp places, with a cold, wrote in his last - rather interrupted in its jacirdei and re-appears with these PASE We may look and wonder, power- less, yet knowing “*That the bright hopes of to-day ed by next morn!” The disease is generally preceded by the appear- ance of numerous spots of brown color on the surface i these spots turn to a deeper of the grape leaves ; brown, and fin nally hol S appear in their places. In of the same pales healthy, fully coloring seems not to the vigor of the vine nor its,foliage in the least. Of ‘ate, however, it attacks not rarel m one to three- infests the most vigorous vines as much, if not more than weak wers, The Concord has of late proved as unresisting to stg bsg Rot as the Catawba. The theory that as to Rot; nor has the > gbiptesiae ate Re aol any influence upon aaa eee. — is ff m rich soil en growing on poor land The a oe Hot 4 is induced by Phylloxera (root he) is entirely founded. - Atmospheric electricity, humid ty and dryness, may materially influence reading or stopping of the i : The nature of the soil and he re) f to do with the ap- this malady, which especially rages on so it Sometimes found in post with a ? dry soil. Asa rule, however, dry seasons and localities, blessed with a purer atmosphere and sw i , are more exempt from The late M. B. Batenam (died ieee 3. ier a report to the 4 Rot. é GRAPE MANUAL. Rot. 5 insect Le This disease commenced in aia Ohio more than twenty years ago,* and ‘in a short time ruined the noted Catawba vineyards -of Nicholas Longworth and e of a score of other lanters. Then, for atime, “ag was thought that the sively planted. But no culiar to any variety or class of vines, though some are more liable to it than others, ane such as have ‘been some years in bearing are re liable t younger ones. 2. The kindsof ae su re no Page in ner: the’ rot ; but a rich eure! or too much fertilizing, ‘Increases ieee liability to the disease, and w lack of drainage has a similar effect. ome * pruning and training, whether long or ae do not against from rain and dew. 4. The disease is of $y rod Pe 2 4 " stinoephers, where they are quickened into see — 5: which is at the time in a morbid condition, owing ‘to the ape got of Ay. ae and assimilation # by the leaves. Such being the nature and causes 0: a tis Whaat is easy to see that th means of its prevention are not y within caer -control. It is found, however, that something can done i in the way of avoiding th e malady. ie dthe rot , ho’ wever, are ‘partly not very y practicable, except ye a very small -seale, such on poles ‘twenty fest high; and’ partly, they ey need further experi- re they can be recommended as remedies. ~eutting out every agen one when A begin to , keep the - ose Saunp ‘re nded a coping protection against mildew »t against ret We are still hoping that some more mode to cubtgrnd rot, or to hinder the development of the disease y be discovered ; but until that is found we should era! only varieties which are less cgrenacrtis to ne y unless we are fortunate enough ithe: the disease. planter ate are yet free from rot this year, may iste infested the next. Whocan tell? We trust, however, that this disease, like other epi- demics, may cease, or at least temporarily disappear, asit has already done in some localities. There are, no doubt, several kinds 0: grape-rot, variously desig- nated by botanists. For the prac grape grower, the one kin -ribed is the only one of great, d here dese sad sli A tee they call it black rot or brown ie, elie desire to read more exhaustive descrip- tions and observations on this subject, we refer to Dr. C. Bidwell’s and Col. Pearson’s articles i very little, ‘practically, to our advantage about the subject. subject. For hens © desire to grow fine grapes, on a small scale, for aaa use, for the Oe or for psc My THE BAG METHOD OF PROTECTING GRAPES should be mentioned. Common manilla paper bags, used by grocers, about six inches wide and nine isisugh a The cost of bags, pins and half a cent per bag, and is well repaid by the result. Others found a a een protection ar insects, birds each bunch of grapes with a bag made of pret crossbar mosquito pe ke kind of bagi is slipped i a strin Ting ; it —— d around hich paper bags seit have, without their Z eee for au a peters protection against rot. 52 8§= Insects. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Insects. INSECTS. fw oft limited. space only permits us to beset xe Aoter. hag rio our own vineyard. the most part unnoticed In any park tad aonetl pecsrsend on the we are indebted te Prof. C.. V. Riles: valuable f eto. mological Reports of the State of Hisevari. THE GRAPE PHYLLOXERA. ¢ cranes mana ) one ‘comma attracted as ‘much sthunkion.- i Ree Peis. LOXERA, which, in its essential characteristics, was unknown when the first edition of this little work on erican ywers aeany years ago (especially on ' the a ea but the y kn Fuller—who lene us that in Mr. amare: ae e knots—never — anything of —— nor of an excellent Treatise on the Cultivation of the Native pom though = pages France in 1871, a then exten ending his observations here, some of which —M. Laliman, of Bordesux, having parr merican _ Vines in the midst of —_— vines dying at the pow sess. His investigations not only corroborated Prof. Riley’s conclusions Phylloxera, but - of theinsect. On carefull Ph Ih pe | stocks on which to grow ‘the more rosceptible Baro- ~ eor has induc naan few thousand planis an and SEEMS gratis, ~ testing, to oman nce, mense os for the resistant varieties ody discuss this subject as it deserves ; ‘to givea a ry of the oe SS progress and exten pee itsrava ade to prevent then: : to review the ARES which it had and probably will have on American grape culture, would far exceed the scope of this brief manual. The literature ma oe sub- ject would fill a respectable. library We x hee ihier ely ao Lm Seg may grap t i d observe -= a yet s0 important insect ane we refer to Pro. Riley’s Entomological Reports, from whi ch we cull largely. It wi understood that the figures, which are from the same R i de by Prof. Riley fro ure, are generally very highly magnified, and that the natural sizes are indicated by dots within circles, or by lines. The following figure of a grape-leaf shows the galls or excrescences produced by the gall-inhabiting type y opening one of the galls, we find the mother louse diligently at work surroundin herself with pale yellow eggs, scarcely (.01) the one- hundredth part of an inch long, and not quite half as Under side of Leaf covers’ with Galls, nat. size. thick. Sheis ewig Fe inch long, of adull orange color, and does not Io mon purslane. The eggs begin days old, into active little beings, which diff to hatch, when 6or8s er from Insects. GRAPE MANUAL. Phylloxera. 53 4 ger of Sep- 8s attach th ig. 74. the roots, and thus hi- ynewry HATCHED GALL-LOUSE: bernate. It is anim- 4% Ventral; 4, dorsal view. ead fact that the gall-inhabiting insect occurs only pits c and — female form. It is but a nsien nt § summer state, hk ; i Fig. 75. MoTHER GALL-LOUSE: ee ‘ventral and Gevank Viewn: ly on the Clinton and The root-inhabiting on of the ere Phylloxera hibernates mostly asa young larva, attached to the roots, and so deepened in = amas as to be ofa dull brassy brown, and the ved with diffi- culty, as the roots are often lot the same color. With the renewal of vine-growth in the “spring, this larva moults, rapidly laying eggs. eggs, in du ue time, give birth to young, which soon retina virgin ainda moth- ers like the first, and, like them, pres remai less. Five or six generations of these eating ie follow ¢ each other, Sper Oe | the napcca of - als begi mee to issue from the tins until vi vacerath ceases in the fall. Hay- ing issued from the ground while in the Sie state, prea base of the vine, and upon the leaves, especially on the under side, produce the sia indivi- duals, w born for no - : a repro- Mate Purtitoxera: duction of their kind, and are veaeat ie. without means of = or of — food. They are, however, quite active and Th bapeagude + 3.2.4, ¥ + nod it the ‘‘stem-mother,” . either goes directly on to the aga to found a root-feeding colony, or, under vorab gf Sa Ts founds a_ gall-inhabiting coe on the lea. Every piece of root having rootlets taken from an aily furnish, n or more winged females, which gather on the side of the jar toward the light. We may gather some idea from this fact, of the immense number that disperse through the air a new Pp from asingle acre of —— vines, in the ¢ Fig. 77. TYPe RADICOLA: showing the tubercles by which it is distinguist from Gallicoia, late summer and fall months. We have, es the its subterranean retreats. It a in the) from vine to vine and vineyard to ate ap when these are adj Re aoa esters passagesin the und itself, or ove ace; at the same time it is able, in the asi condition, to migrate to much more ee points. If to the wid aa we — aes occasionally i in- Modan unde nditio: i habit, and form g of certain varieties of grape-vines, we have ina general ry of the species. Ti. 41 ? ntually rot, and the lice forsake them until at last the. root-system literally wastes away. outward 1 manifestations of | disease ; only the second and third year and the lice not only prevent the formation of new ones, but rates on the larger roots, which also eventu- Wileit ally become disorganized and rot—do the outward symptoms of the disease t become ifest ina jane yellowish d d ere of cane; and the vine dies. When dying, it is generally impossible to aed aie of shy gy the lice having Grevionsly tot for sesh "fas is is frequently the case with i injurious | insects, ~ . certain species, and even isrminatesFetwen va fe BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Phylloxera. ge VEegs' n ran} Fig. 73. TYPE RaDICICOLA: a, shows a healthy root; 5, which the lice are working, on ene fe knots and swellings caused by their pun ctures aroot that on lea rted by them, he a the rootlets need to roti An ay; d, d, d, show how the lice nie inant o on the larger roots: é, female e pupa, dorsal view; g, winged female, dorsal view. The editors of this Catalogue could not help, how- ever, to doubt the theory o a aoa eye hie. after so many years of the Phylloxera, and peso Shiegehs us and healthy growth in some infested localities in France, co: this assumption And now most of those win gave special attention re this question, and have had he opportunity to test = both here sare in Europe, fe es completely resist the Phylloxera, and can succeed n spite of the insect, prov aac placed in loca- ions suitable ‘os and climat We see gu. * = tive American vines against the Phylloxere, «remark: ‘ able veri cs oes £2 A —— expressed, as “rm sUR- : os nh = 2 — and our native vines are such as | insects Ne fail to settle where their i issue coul has not been accustomed tothe disease—there being, doubtless, a parallel between this case and the well- atal when first introduced among hitherto uncontaminated peoples. belong to. its own class, and which in this country help to keepit within bounds, are lackin European predaceous species will prey upon and check it there to the same extent. The Phylloxera will, also, countries where the mildness -. shortness of the win- er allow 2 Frain in i erations. of culture ae no insignificant bearing on the qu tlon in hand. Though Phylloxera, in both types, is found On our wild vines, it is very doubtful if such a state of nature are ever killed by it. depth of — which — — less susceptible to injury from an under Our own met. of growirg = baie on trellis approaches more nearly these natural conditions than that employed in the _ ravaged French districts, where the vines are grown und, or are an GE En A females “dulig from the coon String late summer and fall, he ad ‘The winged female Phylloxera is wafted about, and will lay hereces 6 or,in other words, deliver herself of her progeny, wherever she happens to settle. If this be upon the gra d good —the ied live and Lapin te; if upo: plants, they perish. We species annually ret ng i itself away to less extent, just as in the vegetable 0 peris hus thickly planted wine districts of France few winged vive, while ally | perish in the | large tracts of other vegetation delaiccabe’ ards.’’ ing between our viney;: th ot: 3790 ams : appropriated for the purpose by the French Govern- a ce umerable plans have been proposed and Siberia sedemmssties wes no p romney has yet ft beer discor- ered which gi all conditions of soil.* Submersion is an efficacious remedy, but to be effective the field must be covered with water one foot deep during eight weeks, Novem- berand December t iod a less complete submersion is useless, , and on most ee Sees ee This was first discovered by * La lutte contre le phyllorera. S| shires e gees ee one on this Insects. GRAPE MANUAL. Phylloxera. 55 CHTENSTEIN; and as a result of this discovery me sandy borders. of the Mediterranean coast (Aigu mortes), where formerly scarcely poor now, in many places, changed into beautiful premised Sulpho-car nitrogen, mixed with al d « bet re- the see from a gies Ege haeing ea a S. But the grape- o believe in these pinto ince cbr vtie or seca rte them impractical, And ow tiated into all the vineyards of France—notwithstanding its many Oppo- form, as no winged insects are > i wee to escape on the way, or upon openin ; and all danger of importing the insect ad re pared ie if the plants or cuttings, upon being unpacked, were placed in a bath of strong soapsuds . Mayet, of the National Agricultural § School ay preserve eae for exportation : clear fine sand ira be prefer- able. 2. To fumigate the cuttings on sul- phur smoke, as the sulphuric acid fnfallib y kills all to destroy the eggs of the Phylloxera, the empha tically deel ares (Vignes Am May, 1883), that of these have ever been found on canes of 6 one year’s ood. And if ever any live insects were transported with cuttings, less than a quarter of an hour’s Suner tion with sulphur would kill them on arrival.’’ Th £41 i] however, Jd to jnstifs nents, both honestly the ill-favor of the ae ent, had been re insecticides and submer- , sion. And this pea ap is not a passing one, but has gained a stronghold by the Roepe img and growing vigor of the American est der various conditions of soil and in the mide of -. pe intense Medoc even opens stocks, where subventions vinced that their celebrated Medoc wines will n in the least changed by grafting t their Meniaan dhe on American roots. other famou districts, aid even in the regions of the great walle at iS the same its appearance, in spite of all precautionary mea- to protect m infection. Already it has cont 4 pane Ttaly (first in 1879 in the Lombardy and Porto neaee then i in Sicily), 2 ne is cohneeme oy v tries over Hun pc but that it was first _ winter, or early spring, cannot possibly —— ——— ea ices vines. Yet it must not eae that wile thus many chimera, a ae = 4: ry Bg of both . American vines and cuttings was ape a pro- hibited byt tain already invaded districts of France). “Thus they excluded — not the insect, aes the best remedy. And whilst it is now recognize ed and fully established th Phylloxera-destroyed be ieteieansbacell only by replanting with resisting Am erican vines, be urns eqeeses opie as iiesipsoete igre Mondes of June 1, 1883, contains on the Phylloxera question : byte Daches of Fit-James fn in which she says:—_ ne “While the inister = yeil over beautiful France, the American Vine throws over it here and there a ray of hope. Happy the soll oe fortune. It — persevere the American Vine covers with her verdant BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Insects. g. 79. THe GRAPE LEAF-HOPPER. (Erythroneura vitis.) V ery generally but seuntanat c alled Thrips. This is Prof. E into the etucwe and ole rieitd along the larger veins of the under side of the leay water and soapsuds, to be syringed on the ae are re- * é in the books as a oe Syringing the. vines with ie following ne gill kerosene, two pounds whale-oil soap, one Siar tobacco soap, and eighty gallons water—is said to destroy the green fly and thrip, and to a good remedy against the red spider and the — bug. Fumigations ¢ of tobacco stems will also be found effectual for des Seewilts, yb E Te on te A dict: } oy stalks or ‘waste thrown on tie eo ew eon Aedes the yin GRAPE LEAF- re gr enlarged; Fig. 80. 1, larva; 2, head and thoracic joints, 3, chrysalis; 4,5, male and female moths. gures. The male is distinguished from the female by his elbowed antenne, thickened near the middle, while those of the female are simple and thread-like, The- moths inal geo early — but the worms are not nume till mid-summer. A good are to destroy the worm is by cru: stg them suddenl ith bot hands, within the leaf. The last brood charities’? in the 5 loa state within: the fadlen leaves, , and much which during some years are very severe, by raking up and burning the dead leaves in the fall. THE GRAPE-VINE FIpIA. (Fidia viticida.) . This beetle, often Pacrceg the Os of ily this rests drops to the ground upon the slightest disturbance, and thus enables us to keep it in check, by taking a large basin with a little water in it, and holding it under the insect. At the least jar the bugs. all into the dish. _ When a & quantity have thus- been caught, throw th pour hot w upon them. M. Poeschel of iscsi raised a large brood of chickens, and had therh he had to do was to start them in the vineyard, with a Lge ee = — ne a a infested vines, and he himself” A rimsate every ae pew fell to the Sg aa next find a single Fidia. abler THE GIGANTIC ROOT-BORER. (Prionus laticollis.) Fi This large borer ivunes Sma apigtene the pple, the Ricken: Omrssd attend to which it is very , Tt follows the the ots, ently severing them in many Insects. GRAPE MANUAL. Insects. 57 instances, so that the vines soon die. When fully wn it leaves the roots it was inhabiting, and forms @ smooth, ga chamber in the earth, wherein it commonly found during the summer and fall months, rushing (often oe heavy, noisy flight) into lighted rooms. Prof. Riley has shown that this borer not 0: attacks living — and vines, but nen it also breeds in dead oak and can travel through the ground from m one Place a another ; from which fact he ee £ do to le y that it will no stumps to rot on “Bae whichis fitended tes a vine- ur experience corroborates. Lit- tle can be done in the way of extirpating these under- ground borers ea resence being only indicated by the death of the vin Wherever you find vines sud- denly dyi cause, search for this but one at each tree or vine), put an end to its e. THE GRAPE-VINE FLEA-BEETLE. (Haltica chalybea.) a, larva, natural size; 5, oon eee: ¢, cocoon; d, beetle, Like all Flea-beetles, this insect has v stout swollen high thighs, by means of which it is enabled to stake under any As the ca ceed pager on vst ng te oR | Ss ak oumeee o sc bee ran es during the latter part of May and early part of ] they riddle, devouring e la oe of dry time jee! the larve, but on beetle has to be caught THE GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. (Lobesia botrana.) @, moth: }, worm; ¢, hole made in berry; @, rotting berry, caused by worm, : — 4 7 4s. 42 Ls Ls a) ee ago. About the first of J uly, the grapes that are at- It continues to feed on the pulp of the fruit, and upon oaguere Ney seeds generally eats out their interior. As soo the worm will wriggle out of it, and rapidly let itself to the ground by means of its ever-ready silken thread, unless care ge taken to prevent it from so doing. The cocoon is often formed on the erie of the vine, in a manner dantiaity characteristic: the worm cuts out a clean oval flap, leaving it hi on one side, and, laste ten days after this last change: sakes piace, the chry al f tt Lic CoCcUUus showing natural size e) makes its escape. Asa Danas = e recommend ie up ach fallen berries and con- we verting them in as, upon racking off the juice and wa ter, ‘Orms are found in the sediment. This insect was ed Pi a country; but | nia sree: by Dr. Packard, in this Prof. Riley informs us that it is an importatior n from Europe, piers it is known as Lobesia botrana. : THE ROSE-CHAFER. (Macrodactylus subspinosus.) ae This is the true “‘Rose-bug,” elon oe especially hard on to the loose clods 0 58 Insects. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Insects. varieties of the grape-vine, and will gather upon that i and leave others unmolested, where it has a chance. Those who oe troubled with this beetle will no doubt take the hin THE GRAPE-CURCULIO. (Czliodes inzqualis.) Fig. %. a, berry, —e ~ a ey a hair-line of this curculio infests the grapes in June and July, causing a pote black hole in the skin, and a discoloration of the berry immediately around it, as an es few inches i in the ground, and by the beginning of Sep- ber ect insect issues from the ground and doubtless passes the winter in the beetle state, ready to mapas the exapes eng — following ages or Jun of a tilock © color with a ean thi Iti is ecreeankal they are noticed, be collected and destroyed, and the beetle may be jarred down on sheets as with the Plum There are several Cut-worms which eat the young, - tender shoots of the vine, and draw them into the ~ oaprbeni a, haye maa or kept back at Teast, ung Vine. The little rascals can be easily 1 ent cal destroyed by liane for them under ground beneath the young: vine. vine—large sary w worms—insects vee lay eggs | in > canes—others to the grape-grower to close eo = m insects with a brief account of some of and Chalcidide). The egg is deposited by the mother parasi air ae on or into the body of its victim, which is the larva state, the parasitic larva feeding upon the arene arts ofits victim, and causingits death only after it hasitself ached full growth. among the Hymenop- tera are by far more alee sr. —TACHINA-FLY. numerous in species ore varied as to general appearance and mode We select for illustration one of the Micr OGASTER oft the family ovipositor the female Microgaster in- Fig. 88. serts a number of eggs in the body of MicRoGAsTER. the caterpillar while this is still young. The Microgaster larve develop within the caterpillar, and when full grown they pierce the skin of the latter, : Hg d work themselves so AS Le ef trout that they are held SANs “Son only by the last joint ws of the body. They Fig. 89. then commence spinning Shrunken larva of wpa coco svat white cocoons with MICROGASTER ¢ anding on end, as rep- resented in Fig. 89, the csatias having by this time died and greatly shrunk. A week or thereabout later the Ichneumon flies begin to hatch from the cocoons \ & al us Insects include numerous a injurious to the grape- Lapysrrps.—The Coleopterous family Coccinellide, Fig.90.—LADYBIRD. gq more uniform olor. With the exception of a few species nce constitute —- Epilachna, and afew allied genera, all Lady- are insectivorous, and, considering that many =~ oy ee = re atin stages live in oron their prey—the tr ‘ue BS looney is | represented only by two i a a ee - Hee, but they also feed extensively od eet eee oo an idea ea may be formed service perfiamed by the pet in the number ¢ of i injurious insects. The Lady- ‘ Insects. GRAPE MANUAL. young larve of all insects. Whenever other food fails, they will even devour the helpless pupe of their own kind e select for illustration one of our commonest ady birds. fhe pupa, and ¢ the beetle itself. The eggs of atly resemble in depARTIR those of the eueeio Potato-eete they are orange-yellow, and laid in small grou n the under eo of leaves. The larvee are very cane and most of them very hand- somely colored, those of the Convergent piri: be- ing blue, orange, and black. When full grown, they hang by the tail to the under side a a stalk or lites a change tochrysalids. The perfect marked with black and white, as represented. in n the figure. It derives its pret from the two convergent lines on the dise of the ze of some of one of them (belonging to the genus Seymnus) has been found to live erground, preying upon the t-inhabiting form of the Peete xera hese yellow or black insects, hardl visible to the rapist eye, en with the aid of a & e oOo r & S. | F We refer to the Thrips and figure herewith given (Fig. 91), a black species with white wings (Thrips phylloxere, Riley), because it is one of SSS Ww EK \\ S y Yip Ze » Fig. 91. THRIPS. the most efficient enemies. of the oe living within the leaf-galls ca b t pest, an inhabiting form of the Ph According to the recent classification the Thrips form a separate family, Thysano satin Va oe Order Pseudo- neuroptera. Lacr-wine Fries.— These play a very | im redac eats known by their delicate, greenish or yellowish ‘Wings, their brilliantly colored eyes, as well as by _ the peculiar, offensive odor emit y them. The a herewith Fig 2) 92) _ (Oy as 4 + Ae ZS = Se ae — » Hh Pa rh Geea eae vn tt CT LACE WING FLY: a, eggs; 5, larva: ¢, cocoon. 92, a) are adroitly deposited at the tip of long, silk-like stalks ceseebiaaars & ionves - ve as shown in the figure, in little groups. The larve (Fig. 92, 6) are very about in search of pre if which — of soft-bodied . insects and eggs of insects. When ready to transform, the larva ne 02 iteclt up intoa sasha small cocoon (considering the size of the insect which makes it and | issues from it), as shown in Fig. 92,c. The imago issues through a neatly a ppyess: opening of this cocoon, also represented in the fi gro PHUS-FLIES. — ated with the Lace-wing larv: ently hi as anor eae of larvee or mag- gots - quite diftenwit-« e. They are blind and without legs, slowly eadne ree by means of stiff hairs with which they are covered, while others adhere to the leaves y tion and move by alternately contracting and stretching out their bod: being apes or brown, while others are striped like caterpillars. Their prey is the same as that of the eel ze and their work is just as thorough. These are the larve of alarge family of Two-winged flies, called Syrphidz, very numerous in Fig. 93. : Root-louse SYRPHUS-FLY: a, larva: 5, pupa; c¢, fiy. _ Species as well as in individuals, _ When ready to nter skin hardenin g and forming what is ‘called a puparium, while the real | pupa lies within this outer covering. The s ba . radicum, Walsh & Riley), a —— the larva, 6 b : fly iy itself. = hash +h on the Sete THE Tysipiovs Fro and white above. 60 Fruit Gathering. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Preserving Grapes. observe this tiny, handsomely colored bug, or its larva, will oa their short, three-jointed am about every- £E No. 94. INSIDIOUS FLOWER-BUG. re onthe plants in search of prey, and are frequently found within the Phylloxera- galls playing hayoc with the lice. The Insidious Flower-bug (Authocoris insiduosus, Say) belongs tothe Onier Heteroptera, or True Bugs, ail may be known by it be ing bla ck, reddish-bro lts larva is orange-colored, an closely resembles in general appearance that of the no- torious Chinch-bug. brown Besides the insects, you will still have other enemies to combat; foxes and birds, and, w of all, som seen enged beings i in human shape—thieves, who watch and threaten to oR than off with a ants shot. We do. GATHERING THE FRUIT. Whether it be for the table or for wine, do not pick the grape before it is fully ripe. Every grape will color before ripe ; some do so several weeks before, but when hl This noble fruit will mature. does not — some other fruit, after being ga- ve wait till the dew has dried off - the morning. Cat off 7 clusters with any, tacts oacee bed off, nor any ofthe berries bro _ Sent to market, or to be kept into winter. The bunches should be oe | oe Always gather the grapes in fair weather, and before commencing in a knife or grape- unripe or diseased berries, if grande that the bloom be not rnb- ken, if they are to be , and clip out in shallow drawers or baskets, in eimae they are to be taken to the packing-shed, or = Bor psig srs formar halo bat a | "bon, holdin oo manufactured 2 £ ¥i at » Sete int hei ake a The | cates oight ce eee | - moisture and thus to produce a cool ; while uniform, good grapes will establish a repu- folie and casein the best _ s. Skill in hand- ling and packing is only acquired by practice. Grapes could easily be preserved for months by means of a cool room or cellar, where the temperature a there fora few days until all surplus moisture has ssed off; then pack them away in boxes, placing the bunches dun together, and thick sheets of paper be- tween each layer. Wh they appear. if the place is cool and the fruit ripe and sound, they will keep from three to four months. Another method by which grapes vty. — aes are then plac where below ering point, and are kept (usually by a rack made for the patie care being taken that ae clusters do not touch each _ and that every imperfect grape be removed as soon as it Meade signs of failing. But very few persons, paseo, estow this care, and still less have a fruit room or ape that can be kept so cool (40° A simpler method to preserve grapes is the follow- ing, lately recommended by a practical grape-grower, — seems to us well worth trying:—About a week before the grape is its sci ditch, about one foot (30 cm.) deep, nigrs for this pur- Beet, without mepereting the cane from evine. The A in the water preserves its pu- dry vith soi to Leapencedt ty from frost, and so made that rain will run color and freshness, sod tasted better than grapes of the same kind preserved in pad other manner. We have | seen and tasted aniaeae grapes kept fresh and t pee for this purpose by T. J. Price, Macomb, EH.; who says: Theclusters are to be laid carefully as soon as picked, and ay taken tothe calbar ae or ie ment, or some cool place where they can have both | ventilation and moisture. The pores of these j a are filled with a salt solution as they come from th then the inside conten witha common thick trac and even tem- =. Seer the jar, and the lime is to cise ese jars can be used again from year to ear, only t. and then whitewashed nade, before they” ae fled again with gra = Various other methods of pivecrving grapes fresh’ ve until late in winter have or Ga i periments have generally not Wine-making. GRAPE MANUAL. Wine-making. | 61 — be wished. me varieties are found to keep and longer than others, and in our Descriptive Sesion the superior keeping qualities of our best ‘Kin ys mentioned. In ice-ho ipparent good co appearance is deceptive—they are almost always unfit to be eaten The bank: sunt of preserving the delicious j juice: of the grape 5 in a concentrated d al tj ishahle fer , is by WINE-MAKING. We have been urged to embody in this manual a chapter upon this subject, and, notwithstanding the assurance that, within the limited scope of this Cata- logue, we think it impossible to furnish anything that would be valuable, either as a guide to the inex- sz t were either not prem Tia or too costly, nae contained so much ‘was unnecessary, the least, that we finally concluded to write this brief treatise, which, however, im. Such aman you may have to pay well, and you may think you cannot afford it; but to learn sad experience, unless on a very small scale, ae © ee its nature and — its formation and classification _ Wine is the oe kisaaincs juice of the grape; its unfermented juice is called mu. st. The product of | the must (as can 2 seen pa +. £4 yer | £4} } * ng Puck, and fruits is also often called wine, 1 but none contain the delicate bouquet, that combination of substan at we enjoy in the properly fermented juice of enor events we, as grape-growers, have to deal with the senkank of grape-juice only, and it is of this alone that we intend to speak However important it is to fully know the nature and chemical substa: ances of wine and the law of - mentation, necessary ; it may also suffice, for most practical pur- poses, to says hat = juice of the grape contains, chemically 1. Sugar, ay pil s, by fermentation, is formed cup eat Most of the cellular sub- stances unripe grape have transformed rorecacige uring the process 6 of ri Fpemne, se sugar fermentation and sink to the bottom. The fs ripe the grapes, the more of these substances and — the less sugar will be 2. Acids, —tartaric, tannic, aad other acids, more or les cas: according to the degree of ripeness and the nina of the aigatag . Albumen—a. nitro, us substance, plainly visible in the white scum ioe the must. Also: some resin- us substances, gum, affecting the body and taste about three to four times their quantity of WATER in the juice of the grape. As long ¢ as this juice is’ inclosed in bier skin, which air, solong no fermentation can take place. te as lecomposing t and forming alookol at the same time the other cab e transioin: and form new substances. Thus, however clear the unfermented juice m miky be; ne bie turbid by fermentation; the albumen com- mences to oxydize; the alcohol, while forming, sepa- rates ihe prcetm matter from the skin; carbonic is formed in the mass, pushing up the firm parts age and forming a dense cover over the liquid : the gas is S developed in oe bubbling noise, and. the heat of the fermenting mast G : mente motiny uni the wine lear and. veloped. : 62 Wine-making. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Wine -making. The more sugar grapes contain, the more alcohol will be developed in the wine under proper fermenta- tion, and the more durable oating yeas that the floatin ually s sees The dregs or lees will have settled and the better the wine period e wines; they become milder, and not only their taste * but diac their effects ener Old wines are considered less intoxicatin ing and limit to this improvement d wines ; unless younger Tt is self-evident mage = baa of wine depend on the combination n of the above mentioned ‘ihetgheas i in ae cay = their proper development during fermentation. From analysis of Ia eontain from 10 to 12 per cent. of alcohol, from 1 to 3 per cent. extractive substances, and 14 percent. (5 to 6 pr. mille) acids, b tand i rti (which _cannot be expressed or measured by any scale) - __Thealcoholic strength of wines can NOT bemeasured’ ‘3 cific gravity holi apparatus, Alambie Salleron, aa ee re- however, kiow ti iedywnss, frven e sugar percentage of his must, how many per cent. of alcohol his wine x perature a mat ag ie R. or 17°C.) Tables showing the ae percentage of sugar for the various degrees of _ Oechsle’s scale may be obtained with th e instrument. 2 ° determine the acidity of wines, as well as of must, we have now in Twichell’s acidometer a safe an | instrum it. a aay : Roa 4 + : Fl cogent tpt : 2p Dry Wives, in which all the grape sugar has weer WINes, ae ble quantity of sugar. The former might be called the Wines of the North; aot — of some southern grapes disappears. in a few ; With aaa to Oh, wines are classified as Waite D wines, th the two extremes, from th he pale greenish-yellow of the Kelly Island Catawba to the deep dark red of our Nor- ton’s Virginia. The intermediate shades are generally not as well liked. . Sometimes wines are also classified as STILL and SPARKLING wines, a a. artificial anipulation (by Feu atiaa: in eaten hia = so as tore acid gas)—a manipulation too complicated to be here os or to be of any practical use to most wine- grow We shall now endeavor t andi of the grape-grower as a jgieorsade of still wines. II.—G@athering the Grapes—Mashing and Pressing. Some are impatient to gather their grapes ft making as soon as they color, others delay nor eres are over-ripe, Both are wrong. Not until the grapes have reached — igi sweetness, the berries ee easily and en —— harder, , dryer, Deews. or woody, ae they when they pe y gatherin ring should not be delayed. It is impossi- in acidity h r than others, and in seasons pes will not reach a peat degree of ma- re * Bach. es more useless ye Ww eik vement by “after-ripening,”’ as, gas from thes aauoae of their en- tirely spoiling by late rains and frost, the lossin quan. tity would be far greater than the gain in q ality: cannot afford to risk a large portion of Grape-growers ; little better ‘quality, especially as begin. £4 i in in this country. The dangers of loss are, of co rthern stantly ay and warm that the above rule is thereby : others by getting over-ripe, and are far better adapted for late gathering. As we would especially name nce Norton’s Virginia. o obtain a wine of superior quality it But ut, instead of 80 will - pay wine. sg pose ch not wi i dora the test- 4252 n fpr alpreapeipea sant improvement; but the _ | Baste saaret mi tino oo i Wine-making. GRAPE MANUAL. Wine-making. 63- — would necessitate the gathering of their grapes some are ce good It £ almost seems s unn to ea, that white- rd and pressed separately. oon should be gathered from the vines merely by the hand. So ome ea in baskets, others in hods, made for the purpose; but whatever kind of vessels may be wont it is Senpietont that these as well as all vessels aking should be PERFECTLY CLEAN. ap of fresh water for washing them is, therefore, an essential re Same with plenty of pure cold water. The grapes being gathered, we now come to— MASHING OF CRUSHING, which is generally done IL te) explanation is required. akers believe that the stems erg = Src from the berries before mashing, _ Which is done by the aid of sieves or FASDS ; others | con- at t the by, and that for red wines gmc it is is better not to owing, ab. e tannin being =m, would still more increase the weidity see Toughnes The enue Bg r press-room need not be in or hear the Laooldenien but should always be close to, and, best, i wine-cellar. It might be mare or sf crrena bee can and after iesiepeapzn _ widely, seemed tothe Kinds of wine we eves make. Before speaking of - these, it is is necessary mark that the ag rere : ofthe room, ould be : Kept uniform without interruption : here in pic eit (about 17° Réaum.);* wine-making commences in Au- gust, it should be so arranged that it can be kept as and b oaks, candles and candle E — = cool as possible, and farther North so as to KEEP IT WARM—Dy the saier ten, ifnecessary. A fireplace and kettle may also otherwise prove very useful in the ouse, To the n furniture of the press-house fer- menting-vats also belong, and may be ordered of any sufficient hose to run the fermented sn down ‘ties ellar. common house-cellar, cool in summer and safe against frost in winter, will “9 answer the- purpose g For eis: however, who intend to make wine ona lation and temperat cellar should not rise above 60° F. (12° ge in summer, noe Gl csuetalen dead (8° R.) in winter. Such a ——. etarernom casks, pumps and other tools, costs thousands of dol- lars specifica e well informed as to t e “requirements of a good wine- t losses, = are the inevitable res result of poorly In places ashes, or other substances which are non-conductors of heat; the roof should be well projecting and heavily covered with straw As necessary furnit d fa prod s wine-_ cellar must be mentioned: supports and layers of” sound Lecco on which = casks rest, about 18 ble you to examine and to clean Gis cabin Pr The larger sized casks. **man-holes,” through which a- in and clean coer Decale ‘43 also, from any cooper faucets, funnels; thieves for draw- . eS ing samples out at throwgh the bunghole with rubber hose, to facilitate the deeutag off from ee one slgeae into another ; SS woodenham- - ious f other tools ; sulphur-strips gauge sticks aT ot t. seca ahi a rpg Soamucie of saline: and may be — in any properly fur- nished wine-cellar. New casks, however, are not ready and St to receive eS 64 Wine-making. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Wine-making. -—the casks must, "aiding emptied again before the water gets cold—they then filled with fresh water daily gee seek dace then again a few -lons of hot water, in which common salt (two ounces : ey casks Ano put i e a hot lime-wash, made of auaickad lime and hot water. form d ot milk ; the cask about, that its entire inside becomes coated with which t sk is ae in this important opera When ask is emptied, ae not at once refilled with other wine, it should be ¢ cask, which is then to be closed tightly by the bung; when it is again to he used, it must be pee as to of esc ivige uring water into it, wine must be watered and treated in like manner as to be made wine-green: but never use a most or sour cask; better burn it up than to at- _ The white wine grapes—and a 8 a rule, no black or blue grapes should be used for white wine—are to be is pressed. am id the juice which comes off roam yioan press is added to that obtained _ without pressi: oe Wa daik ets Which ta lea te us been put should not be rpanyasained filled, nor the bung hole as long as ent fermentation lasts. Dur- ible to miust be taken tha the be the inevitable expansion, sand-bags remain clean, for if soaked by the must or — out admiting the outer atmosphere. Afunnel-shaped wl with an air e or chimney in the centre, cover: +7] ed by an inverted cup or tumbler, w escaping om to pass Aras mat water in the bow! comb isless apt to break or sage uk of — When the principal fermentation has ce. , or is no more perceptible, the cask should be filled up with deities young white wine, and then closed with a tight fitting wooden cane Mohr re- neces, — separ. ained. The pre ness are then thrown into the ferm , some gar-water is added to replace the portion of the juice heretofore withdrawn by alight pressing, and, after ermenting for several days, they are pressed again, and wae wine is produced from the same grapes. While the e grapes juice been allowed to ferment atogetiae on the husks, it cert ere does not deserve that vituper- ation which has been aapet on o— pees who, er white- resorted to that method ey the Con- 5 Es 3 wine grapes, : cord. Hereafter it will scarcely be practiced by any, : ince are umber of productive white-wine grapes maa and especially since grape-juice is : cheaper t sugar-water. a After the main or violent fermentation the must | ha clean, prope pared winecasks. By this drawing off the young wine again becomes a only to become elearerin March or April followin it is wn off before its second on As it is apparent MM, m approaches, the ends must be opened, € ‘ Wine-making. GRAPE MANUAL. Wine-making. 65. tions in wine-making. The object thereby — at is not merely to separate the young wine rom $s sedi- ment, the dregs or lees, but t h of the two fingers the hose is closed and the flow stop- ped at will; the clear wine is filled into fresh casks b. , heretofore mentioned pur y clear, —— with the air during the drawing-o Patios ssis n rmanent clearness, however, is often salaicad aly after the wine has passed six or more times through ee process. This slow process of clearing or finishing the wines is accelerated by fining (with isi Sinan, gelatine, eggs, &e, ), by filtering, by aérating, by heating (Pasteuriz- ing), and moe! artificial metho aratus, and which belong more to the ice Ee the wine-dealer’s cellar than to _ ofthe producer. RED WINES diffe: es not merely in color, derived from the t a or dip blue grape-skins, bai these also contain other valuable ingredients, especially e gr ities recommend that their stems be first removed, as these contain and impart more acidity than is desira- ble in red wines. Th m is to prevent the rising of we ie husks to the top of the liquid, as ‘they ages doin a n th ey would have to be Sit down into the guia sora patie api in those I extract from cp —- ne color and other ae cee The ¥: first filled with the crushed grapes, ea a double bottom i Jmetien -ogemsteaadiagr f the fermenting Which should be Kept at about 75° F. (18-20° R.) by mented; but if this has not been well done, its after- fermentation and cure wil taste, and all the fining will sooner be harmful beneficial. All wine-books contain more or less yoluninous in- during unfavorable seasons wines which have suffered either from defective fermenta-- Bik ite rthronech treat We « do not pretend to condemn all these meth- ods, many others do; but while we arora! it justia that the producer endeavor to impro by an addition of pure sugar to the must, tit it has. ios insufficiently developed in the grape, or - add a little pure spirits to the wine, to make it mo perie to eye or to add anything to their wine, as these A + pa e-4 + and practical skill, ot! tl i aye, will most ad prove ruinous, Moreover, the knowledge of the ch of wine is as yet very im- perfect. Quite lately Adolph Reihlen, of Stuttgart, rocess which upsets former scientific mi : 1 isk GE clei aid iia that of sparkling wines, within the scope of this brief” anual. x pope Ee the pure juice of the grape, pro- perly fermented and educated, will always be superior | to any artificially improved wine, and the only neces— sary conditions to obtain such superior natural wine: 4. Drawing off, as herein described, in December or Jan 5. Drawing off again in March es 6. Drawing off after second fermentation. - oe oe Keeping he cos fal by reling om time, : dite teed suena 66 Wine-making. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Wine-making. Some, however, ape that mage wines are V' or, cely This was th ceived opinion of foreigners =i of a a. many Amer- too; also most uran ines UCL ‘ore best varieties and by progressing in im the art ot wine- making, fully eq countries of Europe. This is no idle boast, no mere opinion of our own. The good qualities of American 2 Wiles are Ih tial judges. “Prof. ‘St Pierre, a late celebrated Direc » Agricultural School ontpellier,; says in ite “Memoir” (Extract from his itheomen “The study of wines furnished by American varieties mange engaged my’ whole attention — es eek ope ote +. varieties ez, Rulander, Cynthiana, Black July, Elvira, cations tne are found » be sweeter andl richer than the musts of our best southern varieties : The moun tain wines of July, Jacquez, Norton., and Cynthiana; color, alcohol, sa- : ean eae ae > o -* , g§, an ‘their products are equal to the good wines of the Pro- richness of the » Norton, - do not yield in the least to the deep-color wines rae oe Of those named, none except the Clinton wines have able taste; and evenof the Clinton we — obtain, by: blending, age, clarification, &c,, a wine approac ur ’ that besides erating, which enables us to obtain our of many American varieties can give us wines of true walue.......... I hope that the prejudice against these _ Wines by persons who never tasted any others than aes alin wine si} f° ¥}- #, +. ort £17 % ns . THE TEMPERANCE QUESTION. Wine is itself an apostle of temperance. The best medical authorities, such — i haneset, Modical pe t f+} T A evinm + , +h 2. 2 4 fé¢ha™, ea ee hes wh + a ; om es shown by a int, alcoholic excesses, DECREASED in n proportion as in each nd beer inc ecitilige it The Frene h Temperance Society aims to al. seovering modes of detecting them, punishi terations, and encouraging the use of pure, cheap wine, beer, tea, and coffee, as the best means of curing the Ngo for distilled al cohol. who were strong oe of wine before they visited those countries, w testify that where wine is most abundant, shine a nerally wu: by the people, drunkenness d erance physicians, scientists, isla of all intelligent en. Such a Society in America, if properly organi ive similar support intelligent citi- zens of our country; but our Tem cieties here, er absolute prohibition, regardless of aro ite of aise liberty, i injare the very cause ey aacvo wisdom. si thins hisses aqatp the art of making wine and its uses have existed all over the world; and whereso- ever the atrempt has been made to suppress | it (as in China), th r ce of invigorating wine. Let wine and beer: drinking be prohibited, and the t tippling of z the increase of vice and intemperance, — be the consequence - Inall civilized countries ii tive b A witl hurch uses it in her sacred service as the symbol of God’s familiar creature if it be well dence of experience.” acres, : tbe a of wine has reached hun- tk li Amer- | dreds of millions of gallons; a mere insignificant pro- ean people | will, finally yield, and 1 will rather trust to | portion of the grape production can be utilized for the _ thei and culinary purposes; none Ame va- aware that there exists still another pre- _Iudice“one' which condenms all wines, both native and sera aa kn cannot close this chapter without a few words on | * Am. Wine and Fruit Grower, August, 1882, page 75, a is and will ever remain inseparabl WINE—“that makes glad the heart of man.”—Ps, civ. 15. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. NOTE TO THE READER. — The following Descriptive List of A Il hich ever aaptgciclages —_ attention of Vitieultarists, and even all novelties of — we could obtain any relis able f infor- mation peared, and are the best we vt =e with ee resources at our comma: nd. We are well aware, however, of fuer incompleteness, compared wi f Eur ropean | Viticulturists, Tho tnt rs 1 ark The name, cynonyms, origin, home of the variety, and where mostly cultivated. History, literature of the variety, and its Illustrations. Vine, its mi oa characteristics; vigor of growth; onan appre resistance to frost, to parasitic dis- eases, to insects; reraire ents of eli soil, cul 4, Wood, heavy long or short-join 5. Shoots, pea carly or late, s ee or Leaves—tol Ne oe _ e rot woods h f ey bud. or ne oacuulitiae fall,) &e. peduncles, tendrils, long or short, smooth or warty, intermittent or continuous, and use; for table or for wine, or eatran ‘keeping quality. Bune! Stem, ll. Berries, size,shape, skin, color, pulp or flesh, taste 12. Period of ripeniug, early, medium, late,—and other characteristics. mccongdi the description ot grape- ‘vines, is Nexnauimpeiead a — science, and e description of t impossible, and must she re to the . Ameri to ei hands, to botanists. “It wi ould require large subv sent such as the Gove rich aL of viticulture have Deer wed | on Ampelographic Works, Hiustrating them with large, fine, colored Plates, w! trifling cost, ert reach of wer. ver, we consider all description by words inadequate, and even “figures” seem mi go CTERISTICS OF rag Srscrs to which a variety riptions become thoroughly intelligible; which, by com munity of descent, all varieties of ain class possess, scription nel ingirg to the European Ssaggeoree becomes almo: t insufficient aids. It is respectively de: ast P meaceenery: as will = found by — the excellent treatise of Dr. G. ENGELMANN Wen have, therefore, coupled with sey variety the speris to ae ne is (0: a mos dconeayeuig ms - a oT gnated. First ig erent the Ein Cesta a pes then | i g tl at.) for ZEstivali Zz < chant t th 4. Khiah i joinated ed d of tl ities i d in | ee ee description of varieties which are neorinang discarded, or planted only in some particular localities, d not et di are vor. UcCsit ___ printed in in smaller type (Minion). the more important varieties contain § also some notes re their roots and wood-growth, based ma on our observations only; il , climate, se may stertally ; as also the the sugar in di c4 J Of new ieti m fliciently tested, i the di r originators, omit- ting what in fut to b Itations, as several years of observation are to deter- mine with ac aracter and value of a iety; and even the praises by impartial authorities, which the ch varie we quote in er deatription of — ising new varieties, m must be received with | some allowance, ANE Et, 8s, SS, Naga AE, 2, ee S| the Index. If any variety -is not immediately found, please refer to cece (Labr.) Originated at Port Hen- beget or . Y. ties noticed 1852). Prob- being much and fruit destroyed by late frosts. Root weak and tender. An amateur grape cnky. a Advance. (Hybr.) Oneof Rickett’s* earlier seed- a cross between ‘Cinton and Black a pulp; pret vary spihly—desey on conel te: BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 68 Adelaide. Alvey. best very early grapes we have yet met with. Vine Albino. Syn: irate sar Awsino (Labr.) Raised. healthy, vigorous and productive, but the fruit rots by J umbia, Pa., (supposed to be a. ion Fully atpe J uly Bam. Miller, Bluffton. Mo. sons, more so even than others of the hybrids, much inclined to st consequently not recomme where these diseases prevail. Adelaide. Ons of Jas. H. Rickett’s new grapes po es ea Concord and Muscat Hamburg. It f oval shape, ‘sack, with light ree bloom ; of a sweet but sprightly ansted purpled red fiesh. Fruit nded .: CAPE, BLack Capr, gnu SPRING: INCE, YORK LisBon. ov. Penn, o on a Swiss colony, at Vevay,in Switzerland Co., Indiana, on the Ohio River, 45 miles below Cincinnati. I for some time su error, or whether he it necessary to leave them in this error—while ity to di that their former fail- in Jessamine Co., Ky., 1790-1801) were caused by oma foreign grape-vines, and ee substi- ; certain i country. A very good wine, resem- bling claret, was made from the Saecre _. it was the by jatawba. — White Cape is similar to the above, setae nly ‘in its color, which is quite black; tiesh with a very firm pulp, but juicy; makes a very fair wine, but is quite too pulpy coarse for table use, though quite sweet wall casks . when fully ripe, —) is not till the last of October. - e Isabella.’’ 2 W. RB. Prince, in sea 1830), enumerates eighty-ei _ gfapes, but ‘‘for profit can only recommend the Ca- tawba and the Cape; one-tenth of the latter variet would beenough. Of the two recommended above, the oe Ree the most OES ay the Cape is oe on Both make good wines . _ Aletha. tate. r.) A seeding of Catan a | and _ delicious ; has a mild rich, sandy loam of our tough ; too late for the north.—Chas. Downin Allen’s Hybrid. Raised by John Fisk Allen, Sale meeting. Ripens early, about with the Concord. Bunches F pa et . parent; color nearly white, tinged with amber; flesh tender and delicate, without pulp, juicy t flavor; is apt to mended for general culture, thoughit is worthy in amateur collections. From a union of Allen’s Hybrid with Concord, the Lady Washington was produced. Alvey. Syn: Hagar (Hybr.) Introduced by Dr. Harvey, of Hagerstown classed with ty vinous flavor—all point to the Vinifera, and force us to the conclusion that —— ta from an intermixture of Vinifera vari Tendrils short and thin, often aahapunaey buds covered with slight down; the dark, medium sized foliage has also a slightly downy, whitish lower face; the tender young leaflets are very thin and almost transparent. ty, apt to drop its leaves on southern slopes; it makes a fine red wine, but too little of it, as it sets its fruit. badly; seems to prefer the deep our northeastern northern slopes. meinen pea are Benga eve able. or even - Agawam. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Rogers’ No. 15. 69 AGAWAM. Agawam. (Rogers’ Hybrid No. 15.) Raised by E. 8. Rogers, of Salem, Mass., and consid- ered by him as his best variety before the in- troduction of the Salem. It is a brownish- native aroma; productive, and of great vigor of growth; prefers long pruning (“let the 5 (Rogers’ No. 15.) branches Burnet, of Ontario); ‘roots stout, fleshy and moderately fibrous, with a thick, smooth liber. Canes very stout, moderately long, with com- run as far as they will go’’—Rev. R. paratively few but strong laterals. Wood rather pleat of average hardness and ized pith. Buds large and prominent. Ripens soon after the Concord. Reports gen- erally satisfactory ; ; succeeds well. many localities it is inclined to mildew and rot, in others a decided success. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Aminia. Alma. (Riparia-Hybr.) A seedling of the Bacchus fertilized with a hybrid seedling from across between a hardy native variety and the “ Purple Constantia,” from the Cape of Good Hope(?), produced by eas ie RICKETTs, who says, in presenting this ing grape: “T feel confident that it; will meet the approval of the grape and wine-growers of Am it is a pleasant dessert grape, and makes a splendid wine, with a rose and wintergreen flavor most delicately blended. This vari variety is a fine healthy grower; foliage large, lobed, slightly tomentose on the underside: ; perfectly hardy and has never shown the least trace of disease, The must has stood by the scale 100- 107; acid, 5-7.” Ripens’with or soon after the Hartford Proli and soils remains to proved; at Rickett’s place it does well and is very fine. Amanda. (Lair.) Description in our former edi- Sos, — ese n Catalogue of f Bluffton Wine Co. (and eo we obiained om plats offsame source. "Tt is alarge “skinned, | ard- vulped grape; in taste and baie bunch oem size, compact, quite showy; the vine a Labrusca. : most vigorous, healthy "ine hw aene-.. cn ae ' tel es Y 1 ee a, _ to suppose that ours is the tru: Amber (Riparia X). A sister of the Elvira, raised by Jacob Rommel, of Missouri, seems to be a cross between Riparia and Labrusca, having some eharacteristics of both species. Vine hardy, vigorous and moderately pro- ductive; Rommel says it should be for shipping to distant markets ; may also makea very good white wine. It seems, however, not to hold its leaves as ie as other Taylor Seedlings. ber Queen (Hybr.). Described in pons ger & Barry’s catalogue (by the originator) as follows: ‘‘ Bunch large, shoul- dered like the Hamburg; berry large, fre- quently oblong; holds persistently to the bunch; amber colored at first, but grows — till it becomes a purple grape; flesh Tuit always ble in August, and with proper care will keep winter.”’ (We have never seen this grape. B. & 8S. & M.) Aminia. (Supposed Rogers’ No. 39.) In Fall of 1867 we tried to get those of Rogers’ un- named hybrids, which we had not yet tested, and aware of the confusion existing as to their numbers, we obtained a few of each number from different sources at the same time. Of those which we planted as No. 39 three sur- vived, but not twoof them were alike. One of them proved especially valuable. To ascer- tain whether this was the true No. 39 we ad- dressed Mr. Rogers, to let us have a plant or a graft of the original No. 39, but were in- formed that the original stock was lost! planted vines thereof, while we destroy: the other two. From the commendation ieee to No. 39 at the quarter-centennial session the Am. Pomol. Society, by its president, Pes Hon. M. P. Wilder, we have the more reason true No. 39; but to avoid confusion with others which may ‘be sent out by other propagators, under this number, and which may or may not be the same, we ; Mr. Rogers as- gave ours the name Anna. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Autuchon. 71 senting thereto. Bunches medium, slightly generally e; berries full medium dark purple, nearly black, with a fine bloom. Flesh melting, with but little pulp, sweet and of fine flavor, ripening very early, about with the Har olific. We consider it one of our earlies grapes. ine moderately vigorous, quite hardy, productive, but fruit inclined Dese to be extensively correla asa table grape in rot-free — of Catawba, raised by Eli ie Menta Y., in 1852. G. W. Cam ak e Delaware, Ohio, describes it as very hardy and health and of a moderate growth. Bunches rather loose, Bt medium size ; berries emcee eee light amber, with dark specks, covered h thin, white bloom. with ook Catawba. Not worth eS ere ), one nage Miner’s seedlings. A handsome, somber hite grape of the Concord charac- ith long, moderately Sirgat bunches ; a strong ve cher dive: ripens pulp, few seeds, but little on oe fon aroma. May prove valuable as Ari e (or pPeensct ria.) One of Ricketts’ Clinton Seedlings, promising r red w e vigorous and healthy, immensly productive, much inclined to overbear; bunch com- Experimental aru several vigorous ; foliage medium small to medium, sealant: with a light blue bloom; esh soft, tender, sales and sweet. It makes a very dark and rich wine, of body, with the old Sherry flavor. resi Ricketts quite yeceeue ms a grape will b Rosaceae for wine p oon as known Arnsia’s Hythe Hybrids.* See Othello (No. 1. . sie nucopia (No. 2.) ~~ (No. 5.) (No. ete Canada (No. Arrot (or Arcott?) re Philadelphia ; bunc: a berries medium, white ; noone nis the ee appearance, _ nok as good. eet an od, Rone rich, with little | hit pal ee qpeltad} (Ripa- | ithe a , good grower, and productive.”— | Husm * Charles Arnold, of Paris, Canada, has been Dodie ae itis by River for the Autuchon = not net to those AUTUCHON. utuchen. (Arnold’s Hybrid No. 5.) A seeing of lea. crossed with Golden Chasselas. dark green, very deep lobed and sharp pointed serra- ; the unripe wood is very Pi purple, nearly black. easy very long, not heavily shouldered, rather loose ; berries medium size, round, white (et —- with a soles firm, but agreeable, sprightly flavor, resembling “he White S Chasselas. with the Delaware .M Martha, ee as the ~—s ie encomium upon tease’ pee other etn | gra. ‘that friend Miller qualified his encomiums »inthe 72 Aughwick. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Berks. West at least ; its fruit subject to rot and mildew, and notwithstanding its fine oS . t will remain but an amateur variety and t be celia for istics culture in vidoes i We append an illustration esses gives a truthful view of the bunch as grown wi n localities and soils favorable to this variety it may, cael attain more than twice the size of the bunch here figured. Aughwick. (Rip.) Introduced by Wm. A. Fra- ker, Shirleysburg, Pa. Bunches shouldered, similar to Clinton ; berries larg Clinton, black, juice very dark, of spicy flavor; said to make a very dark red wine, of superior quality, and to be entirely free from rot or mildew ; very hardy and healthy. We found it not as good as Clinton, and less productive. Should be discarded. August Giant (Hybr.) A cross between Black _ bunches very large with rather long and very strong stem; when shouldered the shoulders in a basket beside Black Hamburg, the August Giant can hardly be fine; leaf strong , and vine an enormous grower and bearer. ‘Preis ripe in August; vine perfectly hardy. August Pieneer. (Lair.) Origin unknown ; one pretiegetinesamrdycearangs rts; large, black, with a firm, hard, pulpy flesh ; fit only for stewing. Middle of August. —Downing. neir. Sogaitiv "igang _ ton’s, but less harsh and sweeter, when well ri _ Valuable for red wine. fe Barnes’. paige Woe ee _ Boston, Mass. uldered ; edium, a se, ik volar aa: cet nearly as teresa c ford.—Strong. We have not seen the © grape. hardiness of wood, leaf and fruit. Its roots Bt well, and is ba om mildew, even in "The annexed one oe the Bacchus, specially engraved for our Catalogue, shows this $ grape, reduced to nearly one-half its natural size. Beauty. (Labr. x) One of Jacob Rommel’s Seedlings ; a cross between Delaware and Max- atawney ; a vigorous healthy grower; foliage heavy and healthy, yet subject to sun rather, than between Delaware and Maxataw- ney); fcc small to medium, well filled, but n mpact; berry in size and color be- tween Catawba and Delaware, oblong, cov- ered with lilac bloom; thick skinned carry well; ripens betwaen Delaware and Ca- tawba, and is of very fine quality, having ten- der pulp, sweet, with delicate flavor, A romisin i if may be subject to mildew in localities not exempt from this disease ; it is also inclined to rot in wet seasons. Belvidere. (Labr.) Originated by Dr. Lake, of Belvidere, Il. Was expected to be a valuable market vant; on acco and to be an tah ement i in bunch and berry upon Hart- ford Prolific, but in quali ver-ripe. Being in ap- rd Prolific, only not as necessary. It is a vine very vigorous growth, perfectly hardy and healthy, very early and productive; but so is the Hart- ford also think, we — more than enough | in one variety of such poor q BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Bacchus. Bacchus. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Black July. BARRY. Barry. (Rogers’ No.43.) One of the most at- tractive: of Rogers Wc ers ‘fas handsome as the Black Hamburg.’ cima large, rather broad and compact, short; often large In this poeta as well as in quality the * Hybrids possess a great advantage over the Concord. (ést.} Bunch large and long; berry a — eendion, black; very late in an hardy (Rogers’ No. 43.) and productive ; not fit for table. eet may be valuable for wine.—Bluffton Wine Co.’s Catalo Beauty cf Minmesota. (Labr x) arenes = introduced only) by J. C. Kramer, of La Crescent, finn. Described by him as a Seedling of Falak ous with Concord; a good grower and healthy bunch equal to Concord, but re compact; berry greenish yellow when ripe and of ricl or; recom- ing there by the ist of September. tried elsewhere. pen Not sufficiently Bi (Labr.) sine oe seedling of Ca- taba, somewhat similar to Anna. Bunch long, seers berry oval, whitish, with San specks ; flesh nly good uriosit wring. Black July. See Devereaux. Berckmans. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Black-Pearl. 75 Berckmans. A cross between Clinton and Dela ware, originated by the late Dr. A. P. Wylie, Chattate Vv: id quality to this rae variety. under restrictions, not to propagate nor to sell or give Es I. Berkmans, in whose honor it was named, has propagated it, and vines are now growing and fruiting in several localities North and South, fully sustaining our good opinion of it. Black Defiance. (Underhill’s 8-8 Hybr.) A splendid, late table grape, about the best black table grape we have, with us more desirable If we are rightly informed, it Bunch and berries large, black, with a oom; three weeks later than Concord, and much better in — Succeeds w and pleases also in France Black Eagle. (Underhill’s re A Hybrid of Labr. and Vinifera. early table pe, of best quality. The ica is one of yas most beautiful we know of, very firm, dar green, deeply lobed, of the shapeof the ee The vine is of very erect and vigorous growth, hardy and healthy, yet subject to rot, as all other ITybrids of Labr. and Vin., in unfavor- able seasons and eager rep straight and smooth, almost tough, with a medium liber; _ canes remarkably sate and upright, with numerous, but small laterals; w with medium pith ; bunch large, modera tely com- pact; berries large, oval, black, with blue bloom; flesh rich and melting, with little pulp. With Underhill the fruit set imperfectly, but it fiorescence at Croton — uring We consider it one of the most promisi Cam varieties. p- bell, of Delaware, considers it as ‘‘among the best a the hybrid varieties.” Berckmans, of ia, Chairman of Fruit Committee, said: * Black Eagle we find to be unsurpassed in quality, productiveness and vigor. I have seen oe that weighed a pound and three- pariggade-g Macon, Georgia, three ads We i on the following page a full size figure of its bunch and leaf (the ribs of the latter incorrectly drawn, as usual). Black Hawk. from the Concord, ined (stunts! nese Bunch large, loose ; berry large, ‘pulp very tender; — as early as _ Concord, and seems to be healthy and Monee rather black, oie juicy, sweet; the We find it sometimes a little earlier than oe cord. It has the remarkable peculiarity tha’ its leaf is of so dark a green as to yaa almost black. ‘Black King. (Labr.) A hardy and vigorous early grape, of medium size ; sweet but foxy.—Strong. Black Pearl. (Riparia. ) Syn. ScHRAIDT’s SEEDLING. tor, Caspar Schraidt, of Put-in-Bay, O. Probably from seed of Clinton or Taylor. Vine a vigorous, healthy grower, similar in appearance of growth and foliage to Elvira and Noah. It succeeds admirably on the islands and shores of Lake Erie, whereitis very productive. In our heavier clay soils and warmer climate it is less satisfactory both in on the lake shore, where it far surpasses the Clinton in sae and makes a valuable DARK-RED w Dr. Wa rdir apie it “an exceedingly promising cal of the Clinton class.”’ (Am. Pom. 8. 1877 we also consider it, after vineyard ; and after transplanting a few vines, obtained from him, into our Bushberg vine- yard, and admiring its luxurious, healthy growth there, we secured from Mr. Schraidt a thousand cuttings, : and disseminated this new eall it “Burgundy” or “Schraidt's Burgundy,” and claimed it to be » seedling from the Dela- ware.) Geo. W. Campbe¥, of Ohio, who is good authority and had opportunities to ob- serve this grape in his own State, says: “Itis a strong growing and very productive vine, — is probably a valuable addition to the quite li number of red-wine grapes.’’ iad as such only we recommend it for certain localities. In August, 1882, a season of unparalled de- struction through mildew and rot in the Miss- issippi Valley region, E. Baxter, of Nauvoo, reports the Black Pearl grape as exceptionably — fine, leaf extra good.—A, Wehrle, of Middle Bass, the leading wine producer of Ohio, wrote seemless this wine grape un- color; must of good eo weight and proper degreeof acidity; but adds: “Tt suffers with us sometimes during the flow- season, otherwise it is a most valuable ering _ grape, and pays well to the producer.” Black Taylor. _(Riparia x X or - Rommela No. 19.) : oo has not been suficiently tried, and should not be diss = unless it should prove - distinct: —— — BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. j BLACK EAGLE. (Underhill’s 8-12.) Brant. W7 e Vi- Bland. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. - (Labr.?) Syn. Buanp’s Vireinia, Buann’s {| They resist so far the Phylloxera, although M BA, LAND’s Pate Rep, Pow It is said to | one of their parents is undoubtedly of th have been found on the eastern rit thatthe nameis correct. The above ee as of the Clara grape is reduced to one-fourth of natural size (one-half diameter). Clinton, Syn., WoRTHINGTON. (Riparia.) Strong says that, in the year 821, the Hon. Hugh White, then in Hamilton College, N.Y., planted a seedli of become thoroughly ripe. Vigorous, hardy, and productive; healthy, but an exceedingly rank, straggling grower, and one of the — peal der, sweet. y Clinton. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Concord. 83 est vines to keep under control; it requires a great deal of room and spur-pruning on old wood to bring forth its best results. Being one of the first to bloom in spring, it suffers some- times from late frosts. The leaf of the Clinton is in some seasons quite infested by the gall-louse (the Gallicola form of the Phylloxera), but its root enjoys a remarkable immunity from the puncture of this inagaaleo insect. The root-lice are found m, sometimes abundantly, but the vine does not gars therefrom, while European vines by their side are quite destroyed. The largely used there for several years, until the Taylor and, even more so, certain types of wild Riparia were found better adapted. L. Giraud, Pres’t of the Syndicat Pomerol. (Gironde), writes May 4, 1883: ‘‘ My grafts of 1876, on the poor decried Clinton, give promise this year also of the most satisfactory returns. makes it a bad neighbor for our French vines.”’ The fact that Clintons, even when teeming with Phylloxera, are comparatively free from mildew and rot, while other varieties much less infected by the insect suffer either by rot or mildew, and some even by both, refutes the theory that these diseases might be caused by the Phylloxera. Roots thin and wiry, but very tough, witha hard, smooth liber, rapidly forming new fibers, rather slender, but long and rambling, witha full complement of laterals and strong tendrils. Wood rather soft sa with a large pith. akes a fair, dark red wine, resembling elaret, but of oni disagreeable taste, which, however, improves with age; must 93° 98° and sometimes exceeding 100°. Vialla. (Rip.) By some sone to be identical with F) that the foliage of the Vialla is larger an a darker, and tl that it is more produc- tive and of a som: oak aed better lity. is not known here at all, but it is esteemed in France as a superior grafting stock. Cle Black. - Hybrid raised by Ja- cob Moore, from Diana, crossed by Black Hamburg. Bunches large, compact, shouldered; berries Meck,’ with a dark violet bloom; flesh ten- vigorous. Ripens with ae — Mag. “ing. oe - mainly for Clever-street Hea. Same origin as the preced- Diana, loose, occasion- ally with a similar long stalk or shoulder sppended to the top; berries large, roun son when fully ripe, with a slight Diana flavor. vine a: a strong grower. Ripens with Diana.—Hovey’s Mag. Coe. The Coe grape originated in Washington Co., Iowa. G. B. Brackett, chairman fruit committee, con- siders it as nea to the Latn kpess a type, and kindly “Vine a ike «cs hes grower; withstands the res age: of our climate well; it may be called an -clad; canes rather short- jointed, with healthy, auraths eae Bunches than juicy. Ripens a week to ten days sae Concord. While berry and are smaller t oe the berries of the Coe are sweet veg do crack nor drop pees. arackeet considers it pate Columbia. (Rip.) This grape is said to have been but pleasant and vinous; ripe last of September.— Downing. Coneord, (Zadr.) This most popular Ameri- ean grape originated with E. W. Bull, Con- cord, Mass., who exhibited it for the first time on the 20th of Sept., 1853, at the 25th annual exhibition of the — aneramane Horticultural Society, on Boston Comm Bunch large, ick rather compact; berries large, globular, black, thickly covered witha bea to be r stout, above average hardness in texture, with medium liber, readily pushing new fibers un- der the attacks of Phylloxera. One of the best resistants among the Labrusca class, ¢ ana ¥ — ern France, ‘but proving ill-suited to some lo- shat generally ealities in climate it was soon being much preferred as stocks for grafting. Canes of —— thickness, long, rambling, with numerous and well developed laterals. $4 Concord. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Concord Seedlings. CONCORD. in the above engraving, from a photograph of a Concord grape-vine (cut from Jordan’s vine- yard and exhibited at the St. Louis Fair). In some localities, however, the Concord is often subject to ro¢ on old vines. Its beautiful ap- pearance makes it one of the most attractive market grapes; and apa: i its quality is not first rate, the popular taste has become so used to this variety that it is ee much liked, and sells better than superior grapes of less attrac- tive appearance. More vines of this one variety are planted than of all other varieties together. _ The fruit catalogue of the Am. Pomol. Society says of the Concord, ‘successful over a wider ° range of soil and ciimate than any other varie- ty”’ (in 35 States of this Union); but it is now generally discar the SOUTHERN CENTRAL STATES, mane found “unsuited to hot and dry climates.” _ The Concord makes a aie red wine, oor is effectually becoming e Isboring man k: be oe — taste) seems vastly improved. M. Lespiault, in a report on American wines at the Bor- deaux Congrés, 1881, says, “the M. Guiraud’s, has the approbation of the working men. By sep- arating the juice from the resi- duum (marc) i fermenta- tion, neuter (less The hardiness, productivencss and popularity of the Concord induced many attempts to raise seedlings therefrom with a view to further improvements, Among those which have been named, some will remain almost unknown, except to their origin- ators, being neither sufficiently Catalogue to mention the fol- in . a: The Buack Hawk and CorT- (See Burr’s SEEDLING CONCORD orignated with John Burr, of Lsnivendrentis; Kans. BALSIGER’S ConcoRD SEEDLING No. 2 resem- bles the best Concords and ripens later. The Eaton’s SEEDLING, originated by the late alvin Eaton, of Concord, Mass.,; attracts much attention at the northern fruit limits, producing very large, handsome bunches re- sembling Concord, but with much larger der- ries and less of the native odor. The LinDEn, by T. B. Minor, of Linden, N.J., is said to be better in quality, and keeping longer than the Concord, but smaller in berry and cluster. e MAIN as claimed to be cortied: but proved to bea Cenced. only under another name, The MopeENA, raised by A. J. panei te e of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Known to us by n EARLY, raised in 1872 by John B. Moore, of Concord, Mass., has taken the $60 cord, nor as strong a grower. (See descr.) Concord Seedlings. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Concord Chasselas. 85 McDonaxp’s ANN ARBOR, originated with A. McDonald, Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1877, from strong grower, perfectly hardy and healthy. Bunch very large, shouldered; berry extra large. New HAVEN, by J. Valle, of New Haven, Mo., medium, of very good quality. Deserves to be better known. The Paxton, by F.-F. Merceron, of Catawissa, i C Concord; claim than its parent, and a splendid bearer. Storm Kingé, originated by E. P. Roe, Corn- wall, on the Hudson, N.Y.; is a sport of a Concord vine, said to bear since many years large, heavy-shouldered bunches resembling pec in every respect, but with berries early solr as large, black, round, with but iittle foxin WORDEN’S aemciae (see description). YounG AMERICA, by Sam. Miller, of Bluffton, quite resembles Concord. See also CorraGE (page 86) and UNA (white), raised by E. M. Bull, himself, from of his Concord—its grandchildren, as it were. By these experiments it was found that the Concord shows a strong tendency to produce white seedlings, of which Martha was the ear- liest, and became one of the leading varieties. Eva and MAcEpont4, both raised by Sam. Miller ain Concord seed, were similar to - tha, and therefore abandoned by him; though in some localities, as about Louisville, the Eva io Martha. GoLpEN ConcorD, by John Valle, of New = Mo., is a poor grower, inferior deserves propa- is eonsidered pation: as a distinct variety. MASON’S agai is of far greater merit (see -description Fe rt Fd, i RIE J. Balsiger, and many others, have raised w ty. hardly any foxiness about it; its must, weigh. ‘ing 84°, was ripe on the 15th of August in our latitude, and hanging freely to the vine in good condition till October. bine bunches and berries of these white Con- are smaller in size, about like | ‘Martha; but less subject to rot, it seems. / The Lapy ie —— in an sco z ment on the Martha in quality, and is recom- mended as such by good authority. Among the many pure Concord seedlings claimed to have better qualities than the pa- rent and to prove of great value, is also that large and showy new white grape named _ nena (see this variety). Also, the ANN ARBOR, raised from Conco seed tse SME 2 ie Woodruff, of Ann press Mich., in 1870. Itis said to come nearest to the Pock- lington in size and to be grape, perfectly hardy, a cord; but it has the fault of seebele g from the stem, and the committee on new native fruits of the Am. Pomol. Society,1881, pronounced it too acid. The sample then exhibited may not have been fully ripe. Greater improvements, however, have been capesaga by hybridizing the Concord with Eu- health and productiveness is —— doabi- . See ‘‘Hybrids,’’ in Manual; “TRIUMPH” and ‘‘ LADY WT aeeneae, a description of these varieties. Conqueror. A seedling raised by Rev. Archer | medium, gloss slightly pulpy, juicy, sweet. Vine a free grow- er, hardy, heal and prolific. With us the Conqueror is doing remarkably well, proves less subject to rot than any other hybrid ; nor paria variety, and is worthy of more extended cultivation. Corporal. (Hybr.) se gd grape, originated by D. 8. Marwin, Watertown, N. Bunch and berry medi- wee gust SE color black; a shows, o0d — (Amer. Pomo ord Chasselas.—A Hybrid grown from seed, by Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware, O., ho described it as follows: here as well as the Conco 86 Cornucopia. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. cord Muscat. (Hybr.) Also grown from Pee seed by Geo. W — Oliage large and mo idienbely hick: dew, excent in very unfavorable seasons. his respect it is better — Pirie rg 1g. ar — or Rogers’ Hybrids. t qual t ema (Arnold’s Hybrid N Yo. 2.) A seedling Canada) Hor- ticultural Bociety reported on if as fol- lows: “This is seinen = of ae best grapes in we who rnold’s hybrid gr sina omising a: Bunch eee Ree very compact; seg ize, black with a TTY 2 beautiful bloo = ace excellent, very — and pleasant; skin thin; seeds ee size of berry as in Clinton ; flesh melt- ing, with very little, if boat pulp—seems ; all juice, with a little acid and astrin; ingency ; : bog! produc- tive. Ripens _— Concord. mar- Ket grape and “a good Saab 7; also valuable for wine. Latr.) A seedling of the er, remarkabl ge an leathery leaves, and abundant strong, branchi ts ; nch and berries the Bushberg vineyards it is giving eoeage’ sat- isfaction than most other Labrusca varieties while in some other localities itis setae strong ‘grower nor as heavy a bearer as Concord, and sete some places even does poorly. Mr. Bull, in his suecessful efforts to improve our na- : guint, bean te cas the seeds of a wild grape CORNUCOPIA. V. a from which he raised seedlings. He t _— the seed rai asonable doubt that, as aes Bu nnn rei wild grapecan, in afew e made equal in quality to the European ee eae Report Jor seer. a Bull’s experimental garden is a sandy hillside, S80) He uses no a oak ric. manures; = vines get a little ashes and bonedust, and good culture. Mr. Bull has not succeeded in rais- DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Cunningham. 87 THE CROTON GRAPE. ing another seedling which would fulfill his sangui hopes, though 1 thirty years have elapsed since he: careless the Concord for satisfaction; and it is 80 imuch 1 more to the eredit of Mr. Bull th s they were never rewarded by any pecuniary — Bunch and berry austere. Not desira- Cowan, or McCowan. (Rip.) medium ; iad; rather harsh and ble.—Downing. brid cross between a and it obtained prises at — New York, Pennsylva- nia and Massachuse’ ts Horticultural Societies — “the ate, Hooker of ew York . in some localities, and itis certainly one of the most delightful pes, when well grown, that I have ever raised.”’ Bunch often 8 to 9 inches long, be dium size, of light pe ldandeaglicwss color, translucent, and remarkably delicate in appearance; flesh melt- ing and sweet throughout; quality best, with much of the flavor and character of the Chasselas. early. on strong roots, it remained unpro- ductive and worthless with western growers. Our own experience has been very unfavorable, as the vine is ful in appearance and exquisite in flavor. Cunningham. Syn., Lone. (#st.) A southern grape, of the Herbemont class ; it originated in the garden of b pea the Cunaingtans latitude and FARTHER SOUTH ningham is VERY valuable for southern slopes with poor, light limestone eons. beciceacinercie not Citas shouldered ; berries small, purple- brownish black, juicy, and vinous. phsetuber strong grower, HEALTHY, and productive; ‘ be so, however, it als, and light winter protection. I shoul be be Herbemont succeeds best. Boa of eto 88 Cunningham. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Cynthiana, THE CUNNINGHAM GRAPE. thickness, inclined to be wiry, straight, tough, with a smooth, hard liber. The Cunningham is one of the best resistants to the Phylloxera. Canes not numerous, but very stout and vigor- ous, often a g a length of 30 or 40 feet in one season; wood hard with a mediu sized pith, and is Deharid: thick outer bark adher- ing closely even on mn tripe wvod, a character- istic common to al he Estivalis class. Ripens =o heal ry aa makes one of the most aromatic and Peete wines, of dark yellow color. Must 95° to 1 i Syn., Rep River, ARKANSAS. nee Received Wi WY. gyre kansas, where it was proba- bly found growing wild. It isa true Estivalis in all its habits, and resembles Norton’s Vir- ginia so closely ‘that itis impossible to distin- guish f wood or leaf, although the bunch is Cynthiana. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Cynthiana. 89 STUCLEY 8 C9. THE CYNTHIANA GRAPE. Perhaps somewhat more shouldered, the berry the er. r points Sean AOR ~~ remot deemed sufficient bay them to _—, its t<_ from Norton’s Virginia Seedling. Weare peek fully prepared to decide, but on inclined to side with those who consider the n sipmeer different from and superior to Secton < Bunch of medium size, + compact, b degree. Vine vigorous and healthy, free from 4 MOST VALUABLE grape for *bestowed special 90 Creveling. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Diana Hamburg. rot, productive, and as sure here in its crops of well ripened fruit as any variety we know, but very difficult to propagate, as its wood is very _ hard, with a small pith and closely adhering outer bark. ‘The fruit ripens some few days earlier than Norton’s. Specific gravity of must from 98° to 112°, ac to the season. We can confidently recommend the true Cynthiana as the best grape for red wine which we have tried. Our @ wine was awarded the First Medal of Merit at the World-Exposition, Vi- enna, 1873, and is gaining the “blue ribbon” commission at the Con- wine of fine Wuesch, formerly of Dr. Lawrence’s Ouachita ‘vineyard, near Hot Spring, Ark., who got his plants from us, says: “We find the Cynthiana world.” We look upon it as our BEST AND red wine, and have attention on its propagation. Creveling. Syn., CATAwissA, BLoom. (La- brusca, x) Columbia County, Pennsy oval, black with blue bloom; flesh doniden, juicy, and sweet; quality best. Ripens early, a few days later than Hartford, and before Con- cord. Vine a fair grower, healthy, and hardy, but not free from rot and mil cause he has found it unsatisfactory as a mar- ket grape; it would be still more unprofitable as a wine grape, and can only maintain its place as a fine family grape for garden culture. Rev. Burnet, of Ontario, who has planted and cultivated the Creveling intermingled with Concord, says that he found it ‘‘ everything that could be desired, both in regard to the bunch and the berry’ 1_aseribing it to impreg- nation by the Concord. ; Cuyahoga. Syn., Wempre. (Labr.) A chance wn by -) —— Wemple, of bee amosterysl 3 berry m 1 greenish-ambe: ger reged juicy, rich, vinous, sweet. Ripens with a Catawba o later. Dana. A seedling grown a thelate Francis Dana, of Roxbury, Mass., and described in the ‘‘ Massachu- ions.” Bunch medium, that when fully ripe they appear almost black; flesh as free from pulp as Delaware; not so sweet, but more wer and perfectly hardy, the foliage earns oe healthy. Bunch as large as the Concord at its best ; similar color, and couriers to be a pure native seedling. Ri- pens with Concord. Dempsey’s ings, see BURNET (p.79.) There are others Soong sepanye ind numbers only, and very little known f Ont: Detroit. (Labr.) ger variety is supposed to — a seedling of Catawba. It was found ina’ Sena Mich. No ot having seen _ —— we cay een description in the Horticulturist: every Vigorous hardy. Foliage resembling ute. wood short- lar; flesh with very little pulp, rich and sugary. Ri- pens earlier than the Catawba.” Hamburg, (Hybr.) Said to be @ cross fifty 7 a ort Gaston, Ro well state that at least three ‘Hamburg in open air. ot Sold be gien apvat lt we have dane so Delaware. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Delaware. Origin unknown. It was found man since in the garden of Paul H. Provost, ‘Frenchtown, Hun- him y varieties of foreign grapes, which he cultivated in his garden. . was first known as the “Italian Win Grape,” then it was supposed to be the - Traminer,’’ or a seedling from - Wehave strong reasons to believeit a hybrid between the Vitis caand V. Vinifera. This variety, first brought to notice* by A. Thompson, Delaware, O., is con- sidered to be one of the best, if not the dest, of all American grapes. It seems ENTIRELY FREE FROM ROT in all seasons, crop) and pruning to short laterals. Its roots are slender, and not inclined to In some localities it yields a abundant crop, and is entirely without a rival for the production of a fine white wine. In some parts of Michigan (St. Joseph, Benton Harbor), for instance, it annually produces day) as many _— to the vine as the Concord, and is even mo In Maine also it is considered tateagetiien the best — we have.” In other localities, how- ever, it has been found subject to mildew or moo ay and this tendency is greatly aggra- vated by allowing the vines to overbear, which the Delaware, if permitted, is sure todo. Good tha bic vines as a protection against mildew. Its root * Am. Pomol. Society, 1855. DELAWARE. was supposed to be sensitive to Phylloxera, and its leaves are often covered with galls pro- duced by this insect ; but Reich of Armeillére, the eminent grape-grower of the Rhone-Delta, has furnished proof that this variety also is successfully resisting the attacks of Phyllox- era. artificially infected them with the insect, three times each year, without doing them any harm. Bunch small to elus- medium, compact; | ters usually shouldered ; berries below medi- 8 thin, um, round ; but tenacious; pulp sweet and tender; juice abundant, rich, aver and sugary, sprightly and refreshing ; 92 Delaware. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Downing. beautiful light red or purplish-maroon, covered with a thin whitish bloom, and very translu- cent. It is without harshness or acidity in its pulp, exceedingly sweet, but sprightly, vinous and aromatic. Ripens early, pris eight days later than Hartford Prolific. Quality best, for the table as well as for wine. meee 100°-118°. ’ Acid 5 to 6 per mill. When the former editions of this Catalogue were published, seedlings from Delaware and its crosses ‘Wi othe: t varietien were but little kno d been mado to raise — ee | to pro- ger only in size of bunch and berries, ee of th the qua- lity of the Delaware, seemed doomed to disap- pointment. Most of its seedlings showed more or less of the “ Fox grape.’ This fact and other characteristics (see Manual—Table of Grape Seeds, &c.) convince us of its origin, in part, from this species, although many eminent hor- ticulturists and botanists class the Delaware with _#stivalis (others with Ri It is true that the Delaware leaf seems more closely allied to Hstivalis; its wood is harder, more difficult to propagate, and the tendrils are not continuous (nor are they regularly intermit- tent) ; but we find a remarkable parallel case in “ §, rd’s Delaware,” raised from seed of Catawba by J. N. Sheppard, in 1852. From im Charles received it, with its history, and says, “‘the vine and fruit are simi- lar in all respects to Delaware.”” The “WHITE Labruseas have been prod _ Ducwess. (See Deser. of this Var.; also List C sa ge in arp el ha& lately produced a Brack oS asm seedling which is very early, of — tae , and may become valuable, as it «seems to do well in ig ee and soils —— _ the old Delaware fails. Two White Se of mae Ae one — KALISTA, the mae Don J much ks its parent Jona. Devereux. (Zst.) Syn., Buack Juny, Lin- COLN,? BLUE GRAPE, SHERRY, THURMOND, Harr, TuLeyY, McLEAN, Husson (LENOIR, incorrectly; the name BLACK JuLY is also- objectionable, being used by English ampelo- graphs for the ISCHIA NorR, or NOIR DE JUIL- LET, a PINEAU Variety— Vinifera—with which the DeveREUX has no resemblance.) A south- ern grape; belongs to the same class as Herbe- mont and Cunningham. Where this variety will succeed it is one of ‘our Bees wie grapes, Ttis hite prod ucing a somewhat subject to mildew, very tender, sad Bunch long, loose, slightly shouldered ; berry black, below medium, round; skin fine, tender: flesh meaty, juicy, without. nade and vinous; quality best. Vine a strong gro and, when free from mildew, moder- Shaky productive ; wood long-jointed, purpliah- wh at first, of deeper purplish-red when ripe; with bi-forked, intermittent tendrils — these, as also the leaf-stalk, are tinged on their base with apurplish-brown hue, like the young size, entire (not lobed), considerably wrinkled, turgid, with somewhat abundant hair-tufts on _ the lower veins. uan. One of Rickett’s Hybrid Secdines, F. R. Elliott says: ‘* It is T than any wn hardy grape of its color; is about the size, in berry, of Rogers’ 15, a deeper color, a and ch; the flesh i | Sweet andsparkling.” (See “Rickett’s Seedlings.’’) A Hybrid ob- at Downing, © | tained by Tames HE Ricketts, Newburgh, N. Y., from ueed, especially the the Croton fertilized by Black H aniburg. “ Bunches berries large, sometimes shouldered ; is first rate, being sweet, with just enough sp aued to prevent cloying the palate,””"—. foliage. Its parents forebode the r Teverse. peencrs to other reports. ella crossed — _Muscat-Hamburg. It _ an 2 unamaly 10D long Mt Ricketts: ‘must ust have ei it highly, else he Pomologist. But it is not disseminated. Diana. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Dunlap. 93 Diana. (Labr.) A seedling of Catawba, raised by Mrs. Diana Crehore (who still lives, at the age of 87!), Milton, Mass.; first exhibited in 1843, before the Mas- sachusetts Horticultural Socie- ty. Fuller justly remarks: ‘There is probably no one va- riety of grape in cultivation in regard to which there i isa greater entirely worthless. This differ- ence is often observable in the same garden, and from no ap- parent cause.”’ The Diana seems to do best in warm, rather dry and poor soil ; y clay or sandy loam ms best suited to its wants. Is reported to do remarkably well in Georgia. Bunches me- dium compact, occasional- ly shouldered ; berries medium size, round, pals red, covered wit thin lilac blovtin : flesh tender, with some pulp, sweet, but long and. thick, soft in tex- ture, and with a thick liber; canes heavy and long, with few laterals, and a@ very large pith. It is not as productive, Eastern grape-grow be vabuatae also for wine. acid 12. DIANA. Draent Amber. (Zabr.) Originated by J. W- Manning, Dracut, Mass. Vi ; Regarded by us as but a slightly improved wild Fox grape; very early and productive. Bunch large and long, compact, often shoul- dered ; berries large, round ; skin thick, of pale varieties, quite similar, and but very little, if any better, me continually in uced. (See Wyoming R weer ba ls eka a fine red disseminated. : Not o Duchess. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. El Dorado. Dunn. (#st.) A new grape obtained from W. Texas, and named after him by G. Came rn climates, but makes it unfit for our northern au even for the central States. Further hether th: ‘sit whether the difference in size and tim ing may not have been due to other ae es, conditions of soil, &c. No plants will be sent out until this has been determined a new, fine white table-grape, raised make Wewbaseh. N oi by A. 8. Caywood & Son, who states that ‘‘i or WALTER, the pollen of both being applied at the same time.’ The vine is a rous gtower, with moderately short-jointed shoots; deaves large, light —o rather thick, coarsely serrated, adhere to ium, roundish, inclining to |; skin rather thick, light green at first, but pale greenish-yellow when mature, some- times a golden yellow where fully e: and , and covered with a thin whitish gathered. Ripens soon after the ean —Charles ‘ John J. Thomas, i d autk among pomologists, says: In “quality, it is unquestionably one of the most delicious of 2 celeriac primal: Londra Tipens — Concord and carries. better variety is. is iuanteeaty: distinct from the Herbemont, ripen- dition, and five weeks afterward the same clusters were sent to the exhibition at Atlanta, Ga. It keeps without difficulty until spring. Testimony as to the excellence of the Duchess grape has been re- eived from many of the most eminent author- ities in the country. It is, in our opinion, one of the best white grapes and second to none for family use. Dawn. (Hybr.) Sy black grape of fine quality which originated with Dr. Wm. A: M. Culbert, of Newburgh, N. Y. pete a cross of eenid: Hamburg &Israella; vine Medithiy, vigorous, and very large dish, broadly but ai di ly serrated, sometimes slightly lobed. Bunch tolarge, long, es Gas a. medium, peat) black with a thick blue bloom; skin thin but firm; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous, rich, and of very good lity fruit adheres well to the peduncle, keeps well, and is a valuable widitton to the early pes; either for the table or market. Ripens a week payee before the Hartford Prolific.—Chas. Downing. P.M. Augur of Connecticut, 0. B. Hadwen of Mas- and its parentage gives us no confidence in its value. Early Hudson(?). An early, round, black grape, of little value, except as a curiosity, inasmuch as some of the berries contain no seed. Elsinburgh. Syn., Eustnnoro, SmaRrT’s EL- amateur Ae ia of fine quality; ripens to large, rather loose, shoul- dered ; heevine ca small, round ; skin thick, black covered with a thin bloom; flesh without pulp, . sweet, vinous. Leaves deeply five-lobed, dark green, smooth; wood long-jointed and slender. | Bubject to mildew Elizabeth. (Zabr.) Originated on the farm of Joseph Hart, near Rochester, N. ¥., and described in the Rural New a Bunches large, compact ; ber- ries » greenish white with a purple tinge in the sun; Pt father pulpy, acid. El Dorado. Another of Ricketts’ seedlings, pro- duced iby crossing Concord with Allen’ 3 Fagin ae ticular, while in fhith Gis Baial Gedy taaaier ast and back L~ 3 - much larger. large, round, clear golden yellow | With a thin white bloom, and few seeds. It is a full stster to the Lady W: rf i a strong resemblance), ripens early, and is per- hens tha ht pe, pe, though decided - s: foliage and habit of 5 ‘Tesembling eapples; ‘owth good, co fara tested. Not tested by us 95 Duchess. « DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Duchess. 96 Early Victor. > BUSHBERG CATALOGUE Early Victor. Early Victor. (Labr.) A chance seedling of the Labrusca class, originated with John Burr, of Leavenworth, very productive; wood dark gray, rather long- jointed; foliage thick, medium, dark green, deeply lobed, partaking somewhat of the char- | acter of the Delaware and Hartford Prolific— not as pubescent as the latter. The original vine has not been injured by the severe cold EARLY VICTOR. Kansas, about 12 years ago | (1871). Vine very hardy, healthy, vigorous, and | and sudden changes of our climate, and has shown no rot or disease. “Bunch above medium, compact, often shoul- dered, sometimes double shouldered ; berry me- dium, round, black with a heavy blue bloom; adheres to the peduncle until it shrivels; flesh slightly pulpy, juicy, sprightly, and vinous; agreeably sweet, without foxiness. Season at least a weeK EARLIER THAN HARTFORD PRO- LIFIC.’ "—Dr. J. Stayman. The above description is from the Third Ap be- fore the year 1881, but has been tested in various localities. Geo. W. Camp- bell says: ‘I know of no black grape so well fitted account of their earliness. I am glad to recognize in this variety a really good, wi the healthiest and hardi- est type of the Labrusca class.’’ excellent quality, slight pulpiness, small is, free from foxiness, and the berry does not fall eluster even when overripe. Elvira. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Elvira. OT Jacob fsiatae of Mo n, n, Mo., t intro- duced and minated by us in 1874-75, is now one of t hite-wine grapes. Th ying illustration was made for e€ a mpany this Caksibetie from a photograph of a um cluster. Bunches small to medium, s dered, very compact; berry medium, considera- bly larger than in dees, its = round, pale green with tinged with phronks whee fully ripe; skin very thin, Ties to crack ; palp sweet, very tender and juicy, fine flavor. Ripens about ten days later than Concord. Vine a most vi vigorous, stocky grower, emi- bearing four to six lor, of the Phylloxera. Canes stout and long with eveloped laterals. W< harder than | the Taylor, with a medium ee Foliage large 9 Etta. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Eureka. strong, somewhat rusty and woolly oie lower side. Since it has been castichaad that the Taylor is itself a cross betwee Riparia and Labrusca, the characteristics of the Elvira are fully explained byits parent- age. (See page 20.) The Elvira makes a very good white wine, and is now extensively grown for this pur- pose, but is unfit for marketing on account of its thin, easily-bursting skin. This dis- position to crack and a tendency to over- bear, thereby injuring the health and vigor of the vine for future years, made its origin- ator wish to produce some still better grape, without these faults ; and he may have sue- ceeded in his “ Etta.” EB (Rip.) Understood to be a descendant ‘rom bi cinnde in the third generation, a daughter of Elvir a, raised by Jacob Rommell (first exhibited 879 as Elvira Seedling 1 1 1879 as ira No. 3); resembles Rept but has nea berri graying Eureka. (Labr.) BS rnshrn Isabella, iutaeinied:} by 8. of Att ttica, Wyoming Co., N. York, RQ yz be oe S Be ness of seeds, and other good qualities. Unknown in the West. Eva. (See Concord Seed- lings, page 85.) Empire State. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Eumelan. 99 Empire State. (Labr. X Rip.) Anew The following letter of the originator to Geo. A. Stone, who bought the entire stock of this grape gives its description, and will otherwise be found interesting: GrorcE A. Stone, Nurseryman, Rochester, REY. In regard to the Empire State, I l/ will say that I believe it will satisfy a w fee the Clinton ; per: for the first time in 1879, rst crop was 38 b i 8 i ae fag the finest shade of white ever seen in fru A good grower and fruiter in every Sa ct. Bunches large, from 6 to 10 inches long, shouldered berry medium to large, roundish- ‘ col juicy, rich, sweet and sprightly, with a slight trace o st grape, all things considered, et I have yet produced. ofthese vines have been dissemina conseqt cue in making the purchase 8 hayesecured the control of the entire stock ; and ough itis true as you state, so far as I baw. that $4,000, the price you have paid for it, is the highest price I have ever heard being paid for a new grape in this country, I consider it eiociaata at that price, and believe you will find it a profitable investment. Very respectfully, James H. Ricketts. Vines, young plants, of the Empire State will not be ready for distribution until the spring of 1884. Essex. (Rogers’ ghee No. 41.) Bunch of me- matic flavor. Ripens early, with Concord. Vine vigorous, healthy, and prolific. EUMELAN. Eumelan. (‘‘Good black’”’ grape.) (ést.)* This variety was found as a chance seedling at Fishkill, N. Y., where it has been in cultiva- « tion (in the garden of Messrs. hinge for many years, yielding abundant parts f grapes, re- markable both for goodness and earliness. The ri ae vines were ichanss by Dr. C. W. Grant in 1866 (now Hasbrouck & Bushnell, Iona Island), from whom we obtained plants. of this valuable variety. ds lied the deserip- tion from the circular of propagator, Dr. Grant, leaving out, Catia all excessive praise, which, in our opinion, has his. success more than all his opponents. Bunches per degree erri round, black with fine bloom, adhering firmly to the bunch long after ripening ; flesh tender, melting, all going to wine-like juice under oe pressure of the tongue; ripening very re typographical error in caseay the ca A was designated as Sane, regret this error has ever since been copied anid repeated. by many others who ought to to have known bet 100 Excelsior. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Flower of Missouri. early ping before the Hartford Prolific) and evenly to the center. Flavor very pure and refined, very , tich and vinous, with a large degree of that refreshing quality that be- longs distinctively to the best foreign wine grapes. Roots abundant, thick, spreading, and of medium toughness; liber thick but firm Vine a strong grower, producing yemaskably , firm its Eleinburg), fey though subject to mildew unfavorable OK Nh we can recommend ice as a very fine earl The American duct Annual for 1869 us, near New York, remarkably healthy in fo- liage, and has taken several premiums as the best black grape at several exhibitions.”’ reports came from many localities, that it had failed to meet public expectations. ed severely from mildew, and since then they have not fully recuperated. Perhaps with no other variety is it so import- ant to set out only good and strong plants in the first place, as with this one; and we think that umelan makes a superior red wine (ac- cording to Mottier, North-East, Pa., — oi ee ee tite ee LLG as 104°, with only 4 per mille acid), y Bhp cre seneme wa | Py ee | , lobed, t. Florenc i ion Village m. and Eumelan f., ori Faith. (Rip. <) One of Jacob Rommel’s very promising Taylor Seedlings. Vine a vigorous, ealthy grower, oS productive of long- shouldered m size bunches ; berries small to medium, witie or pale amber colored ; ; juicy, sweet, and purely flavored. Ripens very early, with or before the Hartford. Regarded by Rom- mel as one of his best varieties, anne as not sub- ject to mildew and rot. ar West. (st.) The Nestor of Western grape culture, the late nigra Muench (died in 1881), re- ceived from time to s for testing of Mr. Herman Yaeger (N ibe. Mo. ), who makes it his task to explore the forests of south- saat Missouri for wild vines. Among these was a feeble graft which fruited sevacsl years, and ast fonished him by the delicacy of the aroma of the ame, SO much so that he letcada it ‘the sg valuable soqae ee, one “likely to inaugurate a n of viticul- ture.’ He honored it by the name ‘** Far West,’’ his own literary nome de plume. Muench described it as follows: ms “Vingof most vigor- y fectly hardy, resisting (in my experime all in the most unfavorable seasons. Bunches shouldered and of good size. Berries somewhat larger than Norton’s ; skin very to bloom. wine so mild, and yet at the same time fiery and aromatic, as to sur- pass (to my taste) all other known wines. quires a long season, blooming and ripening its fruit very late, contemporaneo standard variety succeeds the Far West may be confi- dently planted. Its propagation from cuttin almost impossible, but should be done by layering; the layers, however, not to be separated from the mother-yine until after summer.” Flora. (Labr.) Origin Philadelphia, a Bunch compact ; berry small, roundish, oval, purplish- Flesh somewhat pulpy, acid at usaen: juicy, vinous. Ripens about with Isabella. Vine hardy and productive.—Downing. e. (Labr.) Probably & CTOs between Un- ted by Marine. ity; bunch large, with some of the Isabella character. Discarded. LACK MUSCADINE. (V.. Rotund.) honk ve sckkeoa feeds banc of ts high quality and beanty, ust chea one bunch to to a shoot. grown by Wm. Poeschel, ] Not dissem- inated ad probebly never wil be. It possesses both the excellence and the defects of“ Walter.”” = Goethe. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Goethe. 101 102 «= Goethe. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Golden Drop. Framingham, Perhaps not identical with, but only a reproduction of, the Hartford Prolific—at least so closely resembling it that itshould not “tie been introduced as a new variet Franklin. (Rip.) Vine has — the habit and growth of Clinton; not as good a bearer. Bunch small, not very compact ; get oe pera quite acid, austere ; unworthy.—Downin Gaertner. (Rogers’ emer ee ee Hybrid between White Chasselas wild Labrus- ea. The Hon. Marssall P. Wilder described it as follows: bunch gocd size; berry medium to large; color light brown or red; skin thin; flavor pleasant and aromatic; season rather early ; vine healthy and productive. Gazelle. Oneof Rickett’s hybrids, produced — years ago but neglected, and remaining about a year since. Sam. Miller, to whom he gave a plant or graft of this his almost forgotten child, says itis SPLENDID. Bunch large ; berry about the size of Herbemont; Goethe. (Rogers’ Hybrid No.1.) This very valuable variety is, perhaps, more unique and shows in its fruit more of the character of the E beautiful clusters and berries, free from imper- — of any kind, provided it has a good rich are feeble, and in clayey soil may. perhaps, be- come a prey to the Phylloxera. The vine isa most vigorous grower, making stout and long | veloped laterals. Wood canes, with well-de a ‘and tn act copy of expressly engraved for _ this Catalogue. bunches are 5 eee not quite —— y ack dered ; berries very large, oblong, ofa yellowish= green, sometimes blotched, with a pale red to- ward the sun and entirely red when fully ripe; skin thin, translucent; flesh tender and melt- ing throughout; few seeds ; sweet, vinous, and juicy, with a peculiar, delicious aroma. Spe- er Eoemine of must 78°; altogethera mMosT LE grape for the Middle Atlantic States, a ‘Ohio and lower Missouri valleys, both for the table and for wine. Golden Clinton. Syn., Kiya. (Rip.) A seedling from the Clinton closely resembling it, but with this Speer that its is saying: aracter given by those bac ing introduced it. Bunches small, scanty, and irre ; berries small and of inferior quality. Not Piamad ” Golden Drop. Fgadga A Fg of recent intro- Peet _describe as an early w pe, raised by in 1869, from the ve abi — = the Delaw In native and GOLDEN DROP. (Actual size.) is . is admired by such as are fond of the ct ae of the cate flavor of some foreign sorts. Its surpassing earliness makes it valuable for planting in our north- districts erm are sare to ripen thoroughly every year.—Bliss & Son. Golden Gem. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Haskell’s Seedlings. 103 Golden Berry. (Hybr.) A white seedling of the Hartford te and Gen. Marmora, originated by Dr. Culbert, Newburg, N. Y.; hardy and a free bearer. Exhibited 1877. We ¢ disseminated. Golden Gem. (Hybr.) A seedling of the Dela- ware and Iona, asuperbtable grape, of golden color, produced by J. H. Ricketts; first exhibited at the Am. Pomological Society meeting in 1881, and first o for sale in the autumn of 1882. Vine moderately vig- orous; wood s peggrooms are leaf small to es grere slightly serrated ; + small and sometimes shoul- ered ; berry silk aa and of a rich golden aie: flesh deetiar, j juicy and rich, with a fine rose flavor; quality be y,even Hartford Prolific, and continues a long time in use without losing any of its good qualities. Wherever —— of its ‘parents | ts, the Delaware or the Iona, ccessfully grown, this superior novelt ty ip and trial. Graham (?). An eR seedling, introduced by Wm malas of Philad nch of medium size, not co ; berry diameter, round, aie thickly covered with ees ease con- tains little or no pulp, and abounds in of agrea- ble flavor. A poor grower and tiie 2 tenn Grein’s Seedlings. A lot of Taylor Seedlings raised by Nicholas Grein, near Hermann, Mo., and by him sup to have been pro- duced from seed “ the European Riesling which he had sown No. 1—MissourRi ——- Vine hardy and very healthy; a moderate grower, names tively short-jointed ; with healthy, thick countitis now largely planted by the wine- growers of Missouri and Illinois. Ripens ten days after the Concord. Subject to rot larger Tayior scodlings, of a deep beonay Sewers 6 Oe ee No. bling tomake avery fn wine of dep golden eolor and delightful flavor. * Pronounce: Keesling. — No. 7, or Grein’s extra early, Vine a vigor- and a pa but not in color, which herein is a tiful greenish-yellow, with a distinct star-like speck on each berry. Ripening about same time as Concord. is well-known, and generally planted as a very prolific early market variety ; ripens here early in August, about ten days in advance of the Concord ; but as soon as ripe if generally drops flesh pulpy, juicy, _ a perceptible foxy fla- vor; roots ve dant, branching and fibrous, of i ty praeserea and toughness, and tolerably firm liber. Canes stout, with Wine has also been made from it, but it could not be recommended by us for that purpose. Only as a market grape is it considered valu- able by some, on account of its earliness and great productiveness, but even as such it is ral ot grape-growers discard the only destroys the appetite for grapes, and thus injures the sale and price of all sorts; while a really good very early market grape would in- crease the demand for all later varieties. be and®Pigeon), and had not been tested Amber-fox aptasreier very few of them have been been distrib- uted. Our proposition to take five of these two 2 pine Se a ree 5 =” 104 = Harwood. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Herbemont. of various Experiments for the bogs of new |; enormously pudtubsice that it riehly repaid and desirable Grapes,”’ published by himself, that it — little additional wnt except where rot cannot be desirable to propagat any varieties i estroyed the crops, and it may be mentioned suryilocalit the tesnlas of, hie long end meri- cas the rot on the Herbemont and its family torions labors will probably forever-remain in obscu- | i, aimerent froin the rot-which attacke-tlte. La rity; and while a pec recompense. wee De for- i z tunately for Haskell, “by any means a mai = sca. To some of our Southern States this cessity” with him, it is to be regretted that the Gentte grape will be a mine of wealth. In southern he i bei Texas, where the Herbemont is a perfect suc- Haskell these grapes for judgment, pronounced several of ex- cellent quality. Harweod. (Zst.) Syn,, iced Warren; ob- tained | from Major, Harwood, of Gonzales, Tex. ; : ; Aim lar to wate is nearly double the size of that of Herbemont; es being no darker than rng sgh oaagaaay be- erape ; by. EY. TF aie ot Richmond, Ind, asa fae) oval, black pul Mi es 3 larger and bet- ter than Concord and Isabella’; and another of un- known ~— Bunch small ; berry Black flesh some- what pulpy All three se here unknown. Herbemont. Syn: WARREN Map apse WARRENTON, Ne GRAPE. "Bat unknown ; as early as 1798 it was. pro- pahGcks hese an. old vine growing on the plan- tation ne Judge Fuser, Colaba. 8. C.. Nicho- ni! eine % best authorities now class it as a member of Estiv: valis family. of the favorab ; also found growing wild @): in Warren County, Ga., | fect 43, ~The e ; Pa promp: | makes a e, z = sh vin ran 2 throne mor Bona assez agréa | oe Vest de la Franco.” a cess, grape culture is gradually but steadily extending, so that, at no distant future, vine- culture will become one of the leading in- dustries of its people. M. Lespiault reports: ‘*Le vin de l’Herbemont fait en blanc est excel-+ lent et peut rivaliser avee les vins blancs de nos meilleurs erfs.’? At the exposition of the international Congress at Bordeaux, Oct., 1881,. M. Lepine exhibited a Herbemont vine, wh other, all perfectly ripened. The sight of this superb and im- mensely productive sample ma i with a late, a few days after Catawba. thicknes, with a smooth, hard liber, re- sisting to the Pheylloxers in France as well ‘ne laterals vigorous grower, With.the most beautiful foli- age; not subject to mildew, and but little to rot; in rich soil itis somewhat tender, makes too much wood, and seems less productive, while-in, warm ens rather _poor limestone soil,. Ly healthy ; and enormously productive, except i in very all le seasons, when says: un. abundant, healthy, and thoroughly sre crop, for successive seasons, on low, drained, and rather compact soil. Fisen- ineyes, of Mascoutah, Tll., finds summer prun- tly performed at the close of the werilng peers very effective in preventing | grapes. - an ideaof the beauty and richness of the bunch. Specific gravity of PN about 90°. The pure eeianes wit. hout mashing the grapes, ing delicate Rhen- _ forty-eight hours, it will mak ident Seer se tet: jrencnmesd ak ble, Tappellant Herbemont- DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. -Seedlings. 105 THE HERBEMONT GRAPE. Tt seems that but very few of the ‘Herbemont have been raised; at Sank we know of none that were disseminated. One Herbe- by a seedling of Herbemont, as also the ch lling, from ‘Kentucky, and the Mus. bat 324217. ¢ varie ties. The Mek ee was looked upon as a Herbemont seed- ding, with fruit larger than Herbemont and bearing vga a week earlier, but son, it is prone _? as i ine ry Onder the Herbemont - now, after careful compari- — in every point with be itself, ‘as owing the two, such as by starting later in s spring; but e this dirence were permanent, and not — by local circumstances or conditions of soil, it would not be guificient to make ita ea variety w seedli ings (which = as one parent in preference to almost any other variety. 106 Hayes. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Hayes. Mayes. Syn., Francis B. Hayes — formerly Moore’s No. 31. (Zabr.) This is out of the same lot early Mass. Hort. Society, Sept. 14, 1880. Vine claimed to be hardy and a vigorous grower, prolific, free from of se aaa as the Moore’s Early. It is a ae iidew: ‘“‘ 8 ted; bunch longer than — amber-ye | | : hort-jointed; bi white gra by John B. Moore, of Concord, | se moderately compact, partly shouldered ; | edium, globular, with a fine , raised Mass. ; ‘aac than Marta, but beter in ape awarded s first-c certificate of merit by the THE HAYES (on FRANCIS B. HAYES). 11 color; an very firm ; flesh tender, juicy, of a delicate texture and noe fine flavor, — = — Ri Per ore Gaia. iat holds: i leaves er those of most other Yarietios are killed with This new white grape will be offered for sale for the first ye earliness now one PC a it rath the following remarks: ‘‘It is our endeavor to place before he frui ers he fruits, a i will oceur here- ae ‘Therefore it is retina t Hermann. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Hermann. 107 sle’s — it showed 94° to 105°. Bunch long and narrow, seldom a ues compact, often nin inch ] the color of Brown Sherry or Madeira, of great y, an (te flavor; satis- posi in the south central States. Our friend Sam. Miller were I a teeto- THE HERMANN GRAPE. taler in drinking, I ; should like to dtl wine of it just for the Vine astrong grower and very productive, che pleasure of smelling it.” The French judges | resembling the Norton’s in foliage ; but at the Congrés Montpellier pronounce the Her- | leaves are ofa lighter color, the stems eovered mann “bien droit de gout, partieulitrement | with peculiar silvery-white hair-like threads, bon et corsé.’’ and the leaves somewhat more deeply lobed. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Highland. __—$ $i = —— ~~ Fae * Sorte de ee i IS _ Hermann. DESCRIPTION OF sry cena Highland. 109 Tt is, like its parent, very difficult to propa- id.* Roots -often branch off with a spe having a. double eurrence with this, than any othe variety w know of. Wood very hard, with a small vith: sherry, equal if not superior, to anything the old world can produce,’’ has proven idle talk and bombast. So far the Hermann has not grown in favor or popularity, and it will never be extensively planted. For our locality and farther south it may be maven but much farther north it will hard- e perfection requisite to make a power wine, as it ripens so very late. It will be found specially adapted, we think, to south- -ern slopes and Sa amet e It is a true Hs- tivalis in leaf and ha Langendoerfer has ‘ie raised a « white seed- | ling of the Hermann, which is very vigorous and productive, resembling its parent in growth, and in form of bunch and leaf; the latter, ge ever, is of lighter green. It is one of the first that class (stivalis) with wuiITe berries. fs wine made bouquet plainly showing H The originator does not inked to siintnade this new variety, and pay not decided gure a name for this grape, very age its berries oak ie ie very late unfavorable to its introduction. In south-west d 7 i of Neosho, is now propagating it. Herbert. (Rogers’ No. -) pa imepenee nated by Black Ham is probably the best of the black varieties of Tages Among > all the hybrids none proved Of Erenser merit ‘size, : black; flesh very sweet and ten- from this variety is as excellent | dees for. det r, purely flavored ‘end free from — or 1oxin as 1. Early and productive. : ampbell says: “It has so many good qual- ities, it should be better known and more ex- tensively planted both for home use and fora showy and excellent market grape. IfI were asked to name another black grape, hybrid or prog that I consider equal in all respects to he Herbert, T could not do it!” ‘Highland. (Ricketts’ No. 37.) One of the largest and finest looking of Ricketts’ Seedling a a hybrid produced by fertilizing the cord with Jura-Muscat; resembling the posit in vine and foliage. A vigorous grow- er, with short-jointed, dark brown wood ; large, thick, coarsely serrated leaves, and very pro- ductive. Bunch large, long, moderately com- pact and heavily shouldered ; well-grown ¢ clus- ters sometimes weigh one pound. Berry large, round, black with a thick blue bloom ; flesh soft, slight pulp, Juicy, sweet, slightly vinous, and mising market grape. Hine. Labr.) A seedling of the eaminicaete raised by Jason itionist) at re ee Ohio. It makes slightly shouldered bunch ; berry medium, of a a good sized, compact, dark rich claret oan with a purplish bloom ; skin at ame : sweet, t pulp; leaf thick ~ 4 xchits 1 +h-+ panes reddish-brown, mart frail, buds Seas Ri- with chit somewhat resembles. tion of this grape for the Boshbere Catalogue: “ The both Eativalis and Labrusea blood. lis fruit is about the lor of Lindley. ou: se net has Dee so for many years. Tt hasnot, so far, 110 Humboldt. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Isabelie. us a number of new grapes, of fair quality, said to be perfectly hardy and bearers ; henamed them Margerith (No. 6), Illinois City (No. 8), and Braendly (No. 14). Hamboldt, (Zip. X) A very interesting seed- ling of the Louisiana, raised by Fr. Muench, who observed himself that if has no resem- blance to Louisiana; it has much more of the Riparia character, and most probably is an accidental cross between a Louisianaand some belated Riparia blossom. Vine of very vigor- ous growth, healthy and hardy, free from rot or leaf blight ; bunch below medium ; berries It is sufficiently produc- tive and of fine quality, IRVING. + the inabella: . lection, accordin Huntingdon. (Rip.) A grape of the Clinton early. Vine a vigorous grower, ie tices and productive, but unworthy of propagation. HMiyde’s Eliza. See ‘‘York Madeira.”’ Imperial. (Hybr.) A white seedling from and Sarbelle-Muscat, by Ricketts, of Newburgh, N. Y. Bunch large aan sieht oe berry very large, hite with bloom; no pulp; no seeds(?); 8 oe flavor with traces of the “cen Hee t aroma. Vine grower, ¥> 1 about time of og ene white grape we Ricketts’ col- o Williams, editor Horticulturist. Irving. (Under oe? (Hybr.) A fine, how. nd gra most s was plant Steph. W. Underhill, of Croton Point, N. Y., in the spring of 1863; fruited first in 1866 h ter of the very large clus- ter is seen by the engraving (about ripens rather late, between the Isa- WARD, CHRISTIE a Tne Earty, Ec pecnsonl ‘L abrusca.) Probably a native of South Carolina. About think, been discarded oy our western sce growers since better an ed have taken its oe Bunches fecue e, shouldered; berries oval, large, dark mn hy nearly bl: wh pe, and cove! with a blue-black bloom. Flesh juicy, with a rich, musky aroma; tough pulp, and a great deal of acidity ns i larly, and the leaves seem to just at the time when they are needed to aid in ripening the fruit Jona. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. = = In some localities it is ee ite market grape. Must at Hammondsport sor, ai insted eatin The Isabella Sgt et children, few of whom, it seems, have survived her. her seedlings 7: eee 3 4h proper names in this Catalogue—see Adirondae, hau ka, — Eliza, Israella, Mary Ann, To-Kalon, Union differ so little i in — size, or quality > sti in growth and productiveness (some as Tamble, and of medium thickness, with few laterals. Here it is subject to mildew and rot, and requires careful protection in winter. The Iona is a fine grape for the garden, and suited only to an sheltered and protected localities Ve and evnaod enltiva on; in regions which are not subject to mil- dew (or ear bith as itis sometimes called), the Iona will yield a fine crop of large, splendid and ec sonthaen Se! clusters, especially when trained against b uildings. We are sorry to know that in open-field cult uniformly, and i in some years entirely fails, in many localities. Wherever it will succeed, it is a most desirable variety, also for the vine- yard. Bunch usually large, long, and shouldered, not very compact; medium to large, slightly oval; skin thin, but tenacious; pale red, with numerous deep red veins, which be- come quite dark when fully ripe; fine bloom. Flesh tender, with uniform character and con- sistence to the centre. Flavor rich, sweet, vinous; quality BEST, equalling the Delaware. Ripens with or a few days after Concord, con- time in use, and does not dete- tal Gardens at Washington. Must 88° to 92°, and some recorded as an High as 101°; acid acid 6,5, Towa-Excelsior(?). Raised by Prof. Mathews, . of Iowa, six or eight years ago. oe = ‘deseribes it to us as “a LARGE BED grape, falr- sized bunch, ripens before Concord, and my taste as good as Rogers No, 15 psa which it slightly resembles.” This grape might become valuable for the West, and we pe ey aa no effort been made to Israelia. Originated Dr. C. W. Grant, who claimed for it that it was na iacod Good cultivation’’; ater he black with h beautifal pian: rather a sightly mate pulpy, not above in quality. It is now oer Israella is probably a seedling of the Isabella, whisk it resembles in habit of growth and character of fruit. Ithaca. A Hybr. seedling by Dr. 8. J. Par- ker, Ithaca, N. Y.; described by its originator as large than Walter in bunch ; @ pure - las on Dela » Tipening to be hardy, healthy and vigorous. Not disseminated. We only place it on record as one of the new varieties likely to be brought forward. es. Syn., Ives’ SEEDLING, Ives’ MADEIRA, hier (Labr.) Raised by Henry Ives, of Cincinnati (probably from the seed of a Hart- ford ce, certainly about mo onpete years ago (1865)—and now it is a popular red wine in Ohio. While we do not deem it entitled to the first prize ‘‘as the best wine-grape for the whole country” (awarded to the Ives at Cincinnati, Sept. 24, 1868), we do accord the great merit of having given a new impulse to grape-growing in Ohio, at a vine vineyards made it most desirable that a more reliable and productive grape should be in- troduced. Bunches medium to large, compact, often shouldered; berries medium, slightly oblong, of a dark purple color, quite black when fally im Flesh sweet and juicy, but decidedly foxy, and rather pulpy. Not desirable as a table grape, amet very poe beg ae but ginaeal habit and appearance ¢c! closely the Hartford Prolific. Roots abundant, BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Janesville. THE IVES GRAPE. cea and of tolerably hard texture. Liber thick but firm; pushes rapidly and oad good resistance to the Phyl- loxera ; it nevertheless did not succeed at a in southern France. It does not seem to bea ly bearer, four-year old vines of this varity producing the first crop; however, it bear profusely when older. The Ives wine has a most beautiful deep red color, but a foxy taste and odor. Must 80°, Jaeger’s selected Estivalis varieties. Fif. a ago, Herman Jaeger, of Nzosno, southwest uraged by the ihe ‘with which hohida hiss Maciek viewed them (espe- new spongioles | cially the NzosHo sa Far West), and desirous of finding or produce superior varieties of this hardy and healthy lank - grapes (belonging to what we ¢ of nated by numbers; (Aug., 1883) the following brief notes on those which he considers the most promising: No. 9—bunch large; berry below medium, fine, juicy, pure sweet; very prolific; rots in sultry her. wea No. — sized bunch and berry, very sweet, with a peculiar, very fine flavor; fruit healthy, so mates No. 13—size of bunch and berry like Ives ; a marvel pes, a ng og better wine can be produced from this (No. No. po aecran iis berries medium, good, sweet, and h No. 32 laa and berry of medium size, very sweet, rry cha saber: a-like ma. finest 268 ored grape I know; sickaalins ied health No. 48—bun ae and berry of Concord size; very pro- ductive and he ei ; May prove a valuable wine arket- No. 52—of still eats size; promis H. Jaeger, ina letter to V. Pulliat ( Sualy, 1883), writes that he al of Cordifolia d ie pred 0 08g be perfectly resisting to the Phylloxera.* wish him best success. Fasaeae: eae Jack, pinky Spanish ( Ohio, Cigar Boz, &¢.) See Len esville. es xX RF: He by mart supposed to wee across of Hartford and Ciacies An earl now generally discarded for better varieties. Vine vigorous a — ealthy, and productive; pact; me to large, b skin thick; he: pulpy: ; quality about like Hartford; colors even earlier than this variety, but fully ripe at a ed member of the French gsr interesting soot vigoro Stecmn 3 roots emp defy drought even in less than ordinary soils. Jefferson. fferson. (Labr. X) H. Ricketts, Newburgh, N. Y.. between the Concord and Iona. .The foliage seems strong and healthy, not liable to mil-_ ? ous in Pp ve m, roundish- oval; skin rather thick; LIGHT RED. with a thin lilae bloom ; flesh meaty yet tender, juicy, ‘sweet, i aromatic. T oe, to the peduncle, and ie annex illustration shows the form of the bunch, eon- siderably reduced in size. It is one of the finest red grapes, and VERY PROMISING either for market or for home use. It ripens about the time of the Concord or soon after. Its beauty and very high character make it worthy of extensive trial. M. P. Wilder, in his address, as President of the. Am. Pomol. iraiede peeiahers of 1881, said, ‘‘the Jefferson of i might with propriety be denominated isti as the Muscat paper on the ** Improvement of our native Grapes by Crossing,” ‘Concord and Iona are said to be of the charming Yona. If we really have the DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. This new, + headend, ; J N. Reduced 3. dR 3 % 3S 'g g “I had been diligently collecting every Zisti- |: _ valis grape of promise I could find or hear of, believing that from this family must come our grapes in Texas. I had a grape called Lenore. I found that Berckmans had a different grape under the same nam that he insisted upon my Lenoir being the “ Black ealy” (or Devereux) ; so I sent for his Lenoir, and found — that it resembled in growth and. habit the’ Black Spanish—so much so, that I supposed a | * mistake must have been made and that he had sent me the Black Spanish instead of the Lenoir.” “T had somehow got the idea that the a originated in Lenoir county, S.C. te to Berckmans for further information and re- ceived his reply under date of Aug. 17, sas We which he says: ‘The Lenoir and Black § both have colored juice. The Le . has its bunches compact and shouldered ; ee ‘ Black Spanish, on the contrary, has the bunch ‘ very loose, cylindrical, growing to a length of } ~ inches. Of the two, it makes the darkest i : ate colored wine. Bet are, perhaps, the best ‘xed-wine grapes w * Th ir & originated in Fae Carolina, the Black Span- ‘ish in Natchez, Miss." “IT would say,” continues Mr. Onderdonk, “that here (in S.W. Texas) the bunches of the Black Spanish, though remarkably long, have =a yet reached a length of more than 10 or | inches. I also found hat, under a care- res System of summer oe Pa have. sometimes gen ae whether. ay Boy ai in the fruit. between oe e two varieties; on my premises, is, after : a aay greater than even my. Black Seaniah _ differs from itself, or rather that the crops of di ene Teese tol, drome nah ther | the Lenoir itself.” fe: "en t, years Ts porate the strength of our supposition, at once ordered thousands of. ts from the Black Spanish, and 0 in Franeée, a an exhorbitant price, as the ast elaimin, ts discovery for himself. . ty, gave great satisfaction. The identity of the ose Black Spanish and Lenoir was there also y established by Prof. Plan- chon, | Pulli at, As this variety cannot be successfully gro in our vineyards on account of its recat ance to mildew and to frost, we requested our friend Onderdonk to test and observe it, and he now writes us (August, 1883), “Iam ‘golfd on this Lenoir matter now, and have at last be- come settled in the belief ‘that Jacques, eS and Black Spanish are identical beyond do this variety is capable of very great ation under various special conditions.” In France, also, the success and especially the productiveness of the Jacques varies very much; in dry bap it yields far less wine, un- less irrigation is resorted to. Of late years, the Jacques (as it's there still called) has suffered : sections ae the anthracnose. France has now more aring-vines of this variety than ean parol oer the United States, i there is no demand for cuttings of facques wine n ells in France at 60 to 70 cs per heetolitre, while their Aramon wine rings only 30 francs at the same places. It is ery rich aero. and in color. late ae engraving represents a medium sized bunch of the Lenoir. smaller than = soe much shcater. Lady Washington. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Lindley. 117 bearer, healthy; leaves very large, bearing much re- semblance to those of the Iona.. Time of maturity about with the Iona.’’ may ae One of Ricketts’ new Seedlings, fir 1in 1881. Berry medium, amber, vinous, auality very good. (Report on New Fruits, Am. Pom Society, 1881.) Lady Washington. (Hybr.) One of septa 4, for- ith a shouldered, often foutie- shouldered. moder- ately compact; berries fully medium in size, LINDLEY. (Rogers’ No. 9.) round ; skin pale amber, yellowish with a deli- cate roey tint where exposed to the sun, having athin whitish bloom; flesh tender, pases sweet, of very good quality and delicate a oma. The berries adhere well to the laut. and the se. Ripen ady Washing ton fiittne for the first time this season. und itastrong grower, hardy, the ieee very good; but the sa season Was very unfavorable for all varieties (Hybr,) One of Marvin’s new grapes, most of his other seedlings. Bunch all, not very compact; berry small, light amber, pulpy. (Am. Pomol. Becket, New Fruit Rep., 1881.) Lindley. (Rogers’ No.9.) This beautiful and valuable grape originated by hybridizing the wild Mammoth-grape of New England with the Golden Chas- selas. grape the Muscats of America. It resembles the Grizzly Frontig- nan inappearance of bunch, and is regard some as fully equal to the Delaware in quality. The engraving represents a me- dium sized bunch of this variety. Roots long and straight, with a smooth liber of medium firm- eanes slender for their rather long-jointed wood, medi- um in hardness and size of pith. The foliage when young is ofa reddish color; the fruit ripens ery early rops from the bunch. It makes a — white wine. Specifie gravity of must 80°. We recommend it as a fine table ea of the best of the red Hybri 118 Lincoln. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. : Marine’s Seedlings. . Lincolm. Syn., Hart-crape. Has bee to be identical with Devereux, but J. Pr. Hoke, of N.C., where it has been largely grown for many years, emphatically states that it is not jose Dey- ereux or Black-grape (Le Noir), but was formerly known as pe. Sam. Miller, who po eut- tings of this variety from Col. Hoke, tried it and re- ea that i superior. W' eae clear ite aaa it from Lenoir, of ak see dese and oagga ae ots . Miner’s Seedlings (see 1 ‘page : pens days hie Cece, with very large bunches, which hang on the vine a month after ripening- Logan. (Labr.) A wilding of Ohio. sed to be a great ~~ on its introduction, and recommended by the Am. See Society as promisin ing well ; Sy it has y failed to meet public ion, and is now eons — discarded than the Isabella, to which it was deemed Se Bunches medium, shouldered, com ; berries oval, black ; flesh j cd pulpy, a in flavor. a, a slender grower, produc Long. See OIG a paresignana here by that eminent tern grape ¢ ick New Orleans, wh or thi s it has abundant and delicious fruit. Minch firmly believed it to be of Euro origin. Fr. : “class, of which the Herbemont and Cunning- . ham may serve as and of which they - eonsider it a valuable variety, yielding a most — aaa = ne a very fine wine. ars’ experience with this va- ium mae, sonar caginiae compact, oS native grape; between Zstivalis and Vinifera. Bunch i und, black; flesh sisson ep, Juiey, sweet 2 vinous; quality bes (L Pringle, of eta, a well-known and su other in general appearance, growth, and foli- age, that we are unable to distinguish them, If not identical, they are undoubtedly closely related to each other. claimed that there is a difference in. the wine of these two varie- ties; that Louisiana makes the better of the two—in fact, the finest white wine, of Hock _ character, that we have. I &. losely resembles Louisiana ongs certainly to the Rulander division of the Southern ZEstivalis class. Lydia. (Zabr.) Originated * ras igen of Kel- ley’s Island, Lake Erie; suppos o be an Isabella seedling. Bunch short, com Se Fag i oval, light green, with salmon tint whe sun; skin thick; p slightly vinous. In habit of growth unlike the Isabella, but is much less i pases pens a few days later than the Delaw: igin unknown. A northern va- Ri- ra ; berry medium black, civeea with a thick loom ; similar in flavor to Clinton, and ripens about the same time. Sherman and Me. Nei ee are varieties | grown from the above, b ly t Downing. Luna. (Labr.) One of Sasioc’ s beautiful seed- lings; probably lost by the decease of its —— It was the largest hardy white grape we had seen fore the appearance of the Pocklington and Wines” Maguire is like Hartford, but more foxy.—Strong. ttan, oe ) Originated near New York. A poor chee es small ; berries medium, round, greenish-white with a ‘loons feats sweet, rather pulpy. hcl abr. X). Raised in 1869 by C. bridizer, from seed o mpact; berry of purplish-black color under a slight bloom ; large, somewhat oval ; flesh tender, sage roe little pulp of 4 remarkably rich t ne sere ny cord. Jt is ‘predicted that this will saath a try as avery - early variety. : : Marine’s Seedlings. These grapes are crosses be- tween purely native varieties Sintec to be produced by anewand very simple end diluting the pollen of the male flower with rain water and then applying | it to the pistils of the variety eerhes he selects as the female parent. ong the seedlings thi there are some which are quite peculiar and interest- ing ; some are of the Zstivalis family, but with berries. |} fq size: 1. home bunch; 5 berries above medium, large an: strong. 2. Greencatesanie as the former, Martha. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Martha. 119 THE MARTHA GRAPE. ‘berries even larger. 3. Luna—white, in Si PORTE ce al- most like Martha, but the gain in size seems to be cou- pled with a loss in quality, compared = our delicious, juicy, small Zstivalis grapes. A larger number of hi oe are of the Labrusca type, and among these his “U.B.,” black; Mianna and King William, white, seemed to us well worthy of tri In fall of 1874, a year or two before his death, Marine wrote: “Now that I have reached my three score years onish 0 yi aft do that much greater results are looked for in the future.” His seedlings were not disseminated. Martha. cage A white seedling of the Concord, raised b: r formerly of Lebanon, Pa., no Bunch medium, smaller than the Concord, thin: flesh v very aaiine, and of a cuacaekaile ten contain- ecidedly foxy, on. Mo. | age One of the most ‘einelar anions ms WHITE varieties. | spongioles readily. aia pie more up- 120 ~ Marion. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Maxzatawney. right than Concord, with fewer laterals, but not so much inclined to ramble. Wood firm, with a medium pith. Very productive, and the ber- ries hang well to the bunch. Ripens earlier than the Concord and will therefore suit even - northern localities. In New York, New Jer- sey, Pennsylvania and Connecticut iti is grown largely for market, succeeds well, is profita- ble, though not very good in quality, and is far surpassed in ance by some new va- rieties. Must 85° to 90°, at least 10° higher than Concord. delicate flavor. The French commission at the Exposition of oe wines at oo. 1874, pronounced Pique- poul, produced i in the Hérault. .% Seedlings have of late been raised from the Martha, but are not disseminated. (See also ‘‘ Lady.’’) Marion. (Rip.) A variety brought to usfrom Pennsylvania by that indefatigable horticul- turist, Sam’1 Miller, who got it from Dr. C. W. Grant. It probably came from ‘‘Longworth’s school of vines’; valuable for a dark red wine. Bunch medium, compact; berry me- dium, but considerably larger than Clinton, round, black, juicy, sweet when fully ripe; ri- pens /ate, long after coloring, but hangs firmly to the bunch. Blooms early, with Clinton, which variety it resembles, yet, in our opin- ion, far surpasses —so much so, that it almost rambling but not so straggling as the Clinton. ‘Wood firm with a medium pith. Foliage large, _ strong and abundant; when young, of a pecu- oo a hue, and the branches of a beauti- color. Roots and firm, with a smooth, hard liber, enjoying in the fullest de- _ gree the immunity from Phylloxera belonging = its species. _ Our recommendation of this variety for the for “cious, with fine The wine is of a light straw color, of | und, greenish-white with a bloom. Pagel tener ‘slight pulp, juicy. sweet, brisk flavor.— hase Mary, ly v © & sti is described by Fuller. Mary Ann. (Labr.) Raised by J. B. Garber, Co- umbia, Pa. Bunch medium, moderately compact, eodttered - berry medium, oval, black,. pulpy, foxy, resembling the Isabella. Very early, ripening a day or two before the Hartford Prolific, and therefore for- merly esteemed as an early market grape,. though 0: an inferior quality. ows superseded. Mason Seedling. (Zabr.) A new white grape raised by B. Mason, of Mascoutah, Ills., from Concord seed. Bunch medium to large; berry — nearly as large as Concord, round, greenish-- white, becoming yellowish when fully ripe, with a fine white bloom; skin thin; flesh melt- ing, with little pulp ; sweet with just sufficient acid to give it a sprightly, vinous, refreshing: taste; almost entirely free from foxiness. : quality this is one of the best of all the White Concord seedlings. Vine a moderately vigor- ous grower, perfectly hardy, with heavy and B _ healthy foliage; not subject tomildew. While it has not proved free from rot, this variety has suffered less from this disease than Concord itself, proving decidedly more healthy and of better quality than Marrua, which is gener- ally taken as a standard of the White Concord varieties. The Mason grape ripens a few days before Concord; it hangs.a long time and keeps remarkably well on the vine. The foliage of the Mason resembles that of its parent, but is of a lighter green and has a more whitish down on the under side of the mature leaves. We confi- dently recommend this grape for testing in all regions where the Concord succeeds. Massasoit. (Rogers’ Hybrid No.3.) A fine ly grape for table and market. We copy the following description by Mr. Wilder, our cele- brated veteran of American pomology : Bunch rather short, medium size, shouldered;. berry medium to large, color brownish -red. Flesh tender and sweet, with a little of the na- tive flavor when fully ri d productive. In favorable localities (free from rot) this is a very profitable grape. Maxatawney. (Labr.) A chance seedling, originated in Montgomery Co., Pa., in 1844. First brought into notice i in 1858. Bune dium, long, occasionally con red; stous iti wiles eaciiy ak both - ——- Ripens rather late Mazxatawney. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Missouri. 121 MAXATAWNEY (half diameter). for northern localities; but where it fully ri- pens, as here in Missouri, it is one of the finest of our native white grapes, much like the Eu- te Chasselas. Roofs slender, soft in liber. Canes light and of moder- ate length, with average number of laterals. Wood soft with a large pith. Vine healthy and hardy, needs no protection in winter, but not a strong grower nor very productive, and in bad seasons subject to mildew and rot; foliage large, deeply lobed. e recommend it only for garden caltate, in good rich ground. Medora. (#st.) A seedling of the Lenoir probably with the Croton, as the clusters from which the seed was taken m a Lenoir vine interlaced with the branches of a ana vine in Onderdonk’s experimental vineyard. - a Cone, an old £ Onder- donk, living about ae below Sedu rex., towards the Gulf, voeead planted that seed, and se- lected this one as the most promising of those seed- _ Tings. The foliage is tke the Lenoir, i eerept that its little or which is almost characteristic in the Len oir: the jena are white, — round, translucent enough to see th f delicious flavor— Onderdonk thinks this will seowe € die happiest eS ~ — since the -*~pas Herbemont and Lenoir; he is now propagating it, and i ose the name Mepora, being that of a daughter of Dr. Coc Merrimack. (Rogers’ No. 19.) Regarded by so. in the collection of refe: it in osligy. with by far larger and heavier bunches, and more profitable. Miles. (Zabr.) Origin Westchester Co., Pa. Vine grower, hardy and productive: bunch , rather compact ; berry small, aco pleasant. Ri Pp earliest mot recommend it for anes oa as a profitable market grape, but rather for family nue as a good early table grape, especially for the North. Minor’s Seedling. (See Venango.) Min Seedlings. (Not to be confounded with Miner's ep tales or Ficus: ) Produced by the T. B. Miner, at Linden, Union Co., N.J. The follow- ing have been magna out of 1500 seedlin $ grown by him in central New York: Adeline, Antoinette, Augus- ta, Belinda, Coot: Eugenia, Ida, Lexington, Linden, Luna, Rockingham, and Victoria. Most of them are white a neso Ori known ; in- “nee in fall of 1879 rooms ey W. Stratton, Excelsior, a said to be a very _ and as native pe, the berries of whi as large as ti a ae to have a fine delicate flavor. We cea been unable to obtain any definite information about it. Mrs. MeLure. One of Dr. obit hybrids; a cross between Clinton and Peter Wylie. Bunch medium, not very compact, pineal ners berries ium, white, very vigorous, quality ¢ ‘good aa a table variety, and probably valuable also as a white-wine grape. Foliage resembling Clin- ton, growth very penned Tees ———. I SEEDLING. scoha Ww li urgundy grapes, which —about forty years ago—was —— cultivated in the vineyards of Cincinnati. It was received there _ : i 3 gray in clusters, double and triple; leaves dee lo bed. Bunches loose and of moderate size; berries small, _ round; skin thin, almost black, with ie pene! Hesh tender with little pulp, sweet and pleasant; Pe pate nor of vigorous rhoinataes ge: . a 122 Monroe. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE Mottled. Monroe. A cross between the Delaware and the Concord ; raised by Elwanger and Barry and described by them as fol- 1 large, ‘ape. The hn B. Moore, from Concord seed. e illu tion is an exact copy fro: photograph w ier. eing better than ' Hartford,” ‘* Champi- on,”’ or ‘‘ Talman,” and quite as early, itis recommended to supersede these undesirable varieties. If has been awarded t premiums at many horti- eultural exhibitions. beak caro ate with peagenne dew said vot rot than its parent. _ “A profuse bearer, ripening with tae rare. It will hangal long time after ripe, and keeps unusually well.” A size very compact, slightly shoul- a> ff J distine tly 4 a we _ tled when held to the light, with different shades. of re: | Ormaroon while ripening, but nearly a uniform dark : 1 i weet, juicy, flavor, always rather pulpy thick. Season late, ripen. d acid at :thecentre, Skin } MOORE’S EARLY.. ing with N n’s Virginia. Hangs well to the bunch, and improves by being left long on the vine; more — aS a wine than as a table grape. Vines y, moderately vigorous, and productive; illness abu lent. ; wood short -jointed. It is recorded by three competent judges, George — ae one, that its must wei ghed 94°, with acid r mille byt =: & md ct — ee eg em | ~ a und it ge rae tt as Dr. E. Van Kewren, at H d bearer. Montefiore. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Neosho. 123 ae a Saas 2a 14 orous in gro t very alt y and hardy ; sufficiently productive. . Both wood foliage show considerable ad- 0. a few days) roe Concord, and before Nor- ton’s Va. his unos a atioas grape attracted where the Am. Pomol. Society met, Aug. nile and we at once s d the wood of is new variety is far in advance of the Ssuppty sn Hermann fair, 1882, this grape wa arded an extra premium as the sid i new no Seadling Sor Red Wine. Must 8 iow t Lebanon. Vee ) Originat ed by eorge ‘Lebawn: Gohanli ia Go: NOY: supp e a cross of Spanish Amber "end Teabela. Bunch larger "ae —— Muscadine; berry round, reddish. pulpy, tough, though sweet, perhaps a little better than Northern Muscadine. Vot tried here. Neosho. (#st.) Found growing w wild on the farm ve 0, 8 a Mitrich’é patasrtyn every year. i n 1873: “The fragrance of the Neosho So also thought nae enthus Minch; but in factorily, and the yu: and bouquet of its wine fo no favor. Miinch described it as follows: und iastic, now lamented, fiend her localities it produced unsatis- | MONTEFIORE. Bunch and berries are of the same size as Norton’s— = ———* eee eS heart-shaped. The thin, black 7k tae bloom: very dark, yet contains bat very li ris coloring matter and less tannin; the pulp is meaty, very sweet and spicy, with but —_ er: — datheek bigs: The wood of the Neos xtremely hard and tough ; it cannot be propagated from cuttin gs. The vine is a most vig- orous grower when once established on its own seca: or successfully grafted ; requires plenty of room, and prefers spur-pruning on old wood. It is so handy chat it may be said to resist all the extremes = our renga climate i in Missouri. The wiry xempt from injury by Ph foliage Za coarse, but of beautiful color — dark and glossy green — and retains its freshness til ii frost sets in. The must, though fermented on the husk for two days, produces a wine of a beautiful greenish-yellow color, and has a most peculiar aroma. It ripens with, Norton’s Virginia. 124 Naomi. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Niagara. Naomi, a hybrid of lin ing describes it as fol- lows: Vine very vigorous, very productive, long- jointed ; leavesvery large sun, covered witha thin whitish bloom; fiesh juicy, melting, rather erisp, sw eet and spright- ty v ted id Be Ripens with Con Ricketts pene it one of the ag- nificent ae ce the tion is reduced to two- i its natural size. Neff. (Labr.) Syn., Kev- KA. Origin on the farm of one Mr. Neff, near Keuka, on Crooked enh, Nx. Bunch medium berry me- THE NAOMI GRAPE. Reduced !,. dark copper-red d. Flesh wiles and somewhat foxy. Good native, early. omene: — ie thick, leathery, downy, lobed, wark. A hybrid of Clinton = Vinifera, raised lobed, much like Hartford Prolific. in Newark, N. J. Vineof yigorous growth, haute and Hons medium tolarge, from 8 to 14 ounces in weight, very productive. Bunches long, fae shouldered ; compact. occasionally ghoaldered ; berry large, round- berries m dark, almost black, sweet, mi se ish slightly inclining to oval, quite uniform in size vinous, of pleasant tast it, however promisin skin thin but tough, pale green at first, but chan e; bu ns a few years, it becomes soon diseased, its fruit apace to pale yellow when fully ripe, with a thin whitish to rot, and perishes, like its European parent. It can | bloom; flesh soft, tender,sweet, pleasant, and in qual- C not be recommended. ity about the same as Concord, ripening with it or Newport. (st.) Said to bea seedling from and soon after; it has quite a foxy odor when first gath- similar to Herbemont. — but GEN much of this when fully ripe, and ha Niagara. (Ladr. x) This new grape, “heralded a flav ‘ and aroma much liked by those who ee + +e Ps tasted i this grape. originated in aia cae Heng, & apa - Lockport, The proprietors of this new grape refused, until , wh c Pp of it: lately, to sell any vines thereof, and still jealously Ve £ Ci a and dy, hardy, healthy, | guard against its being propagated by others. They : - _very vigorous and ——— “wood rather long- foe that, from the fine appearance of its fruit at — Niagara. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Noah. 125 Exhibiti Ts on the markets of great cities,a desire | Noah. (Rip.X) Raised from TAYLOR — will spring up to grow the same, and thus enable | by Otto Wasserzieher, Nauvoo, Ilis., in d; thesit to introduce it on a large scale, at a high price, then twice transplanted, sent to us for ee and fruited first in 1873. further test this grape, the pri now pro furnish vines for vineyard p Bunch medium, shouldered, compact (yet not ‘payment for 95 per ‘cent. of the a of such sises | too closely compact, well-filled, t & not over- made contingent on one-half the net sales of fruit | Crow ded) ; berry medium to above m edium in + q } tc therefrom, and ail the svond to be returned tothemup | size, being but slightly smaller than Con- Wh h 2 hile these one point of view, very “beral: we doubt have the d vgs result. Bt believe ; als the Niagara in deed is now liberally disseminated wi pitinat restrictions, promises to become a more popular grape ae : — to make the introduction of the Niagara hereafter | cality; ume of ripen se called for. the Concord. peceg ie FF 126 Noah. . BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Norton. with a very slight down underneath and ad- hering well to the vine until frost. From this description it will be seen that it resembles Elvira in many respects, which is quite natural, being of same parentage (but is not a seedling of Elvira, as incorrectly stated in several Nursery Catalogues). It is quite dis- his eater firmness of the bud or eye, which enables it the better to resist severe cold in winter; a firmer skin, which will not erack as iver of the Elvira. These character- istics may be inherent, or may be modified by Wing in a more southern latitude. Both grapes are excellent Pus white-wine. e Noah was first disseminated by-us in 1876, and has now already gained great popu- larity and a place on the Catalogue of the Am. Pomol. Society. Ata test of the must, made at the same time the Elvira weighed 88° with 5 per mille acid. most parts of this country, in d to growth, health, &c., are very favora- ble, while in some localities the fruit mildews in unfavorable seasons ; itis, so far, less liable to rot than other varieties. In the fall of 1881, FE, A. Riehl, of Alton, II1., ‘after along tramp e vineyards of ILli- nois and Missouri, wrote: ‘‘Of the Noan, I predict that it will grow well, bear well, keep well on the vines, ship well, sell well, and make lots of money for its growers. a fact, it will be a w pe for the million. - Balsiger, of Highland, Ils., ee us with the following lines: ‘I am very thank- ful to you for having sent me this valuable variety. Too much cannot be said of its good qualities, according to my observations.” n France, also, the Noah has become a fa- Armeillier, Boue du Bins who has cultivated the “Noah” since 1878, finds it more vigorous and productive ae than Elvira, but thinks that the stra awhberry- ae T that it, pees He 4 ee and that - it makes no 0 good wine ; others find ‘that the ss ill ied from pl ‘ken dozing the very unfavora- 1882, and” re tawha. Vine of luxuriant growth | neers in horticulture near Richmond, Va. Norfolk. (Zabr.) A new grape, Originated b White, of Norwood, Mass. It so nearly resembles the Catawba that it would be taken for nothing wi if it did not ripen even before the Concord. At least, the originato: F Sho wed to a committee of the Mass. gore ripe on hi oe ih while his. Catawbas had barely begun bly eadiid! fruit, epigve covered with lilac ‘bose. soa sel to have withstood a temperature of 18 degrees below zero pa pases oN and without injury. ie America. (Labr.) Bunch medium, shoul- dered; berry round, ES sage but foxy. Ripens about “with Hartford Pro! Vine vigorous, unpro- uctive Muscadine. (Labr.) A seedling raised bs the shaker of New Lebanon, N. Y. Opinions dif- about its value. Papa Miinch (as wecalled. our venerable friend, ‘the. Hon cacti k 7k Miineh)., placed asa wine far above the “Venango. Bunch nedinin: very com- when ripe. Ripens early, about two weeks before Ca- , hardy and produc- Its must will nage be found valuable to all P port alate me ot ther variety, tive. - rth iebctian: oie ) This seedling origina- ted with that veteran pomologist, J. B. Garber, of Co- lumbia, Pa.; it belongs to the Isabella type, and is a showy market grape of poor quality ; not recommend- ed. Bunch medium to large, occasionally shouldered, ' ; berries large, with a slight blue segs mC long and rambling, with an average com- plement oflaterals. Wood firm with a medium pith. The brumaep can also make a good Muscatel wine of at. 84°: atu or — Virginia. A native wild pe transplanted eae aun from the original vine his garden and i uced it to public notice. Tt made ~ little sh mig until about thirty — : chsand Dr. Kehr _ years ago, when Mr. Hein : Reese 7 — a few sprigs) to our a —— “This little inaicnttonnd looking, — ie Aimer grape elt a ; ton will succeed here when the db Norton. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Ohio. 127 become the great and leading variety for red wine not merely in Missouri, where its superior qualities were first appreciated and brought out in full splendor, and in its native State, Virginia, where it is of late receiving great at- tention, hundreds of acres being planted in the years 1880-83, with this most valuable va- riety for wine,—but, far and near, in many sec- tions of this country, and even in some parts of France where American vines are planted. The Norton, with its ieee: the Cynthi- ana, is now recognized by all is Spaces grape-growers as the most reliable and bes wine grape of America. It is also found nc lent in some parts of France; in others ‘it does not succeed as well, and its yield is considered insufficient. Except in size of berry, it has also most qualities of a very good table grape; it is sweet and spicy, and is unexcelled asa long per. The illustration of the Cynthiana, page 89, equally serves as a good representation of the Norton-grape. The bunch of the Norton is long, compact, and shouldered ; derry small, black, with dark bluish-red juice, almost without pulp when ; d ere when well-established, but ‘very impatient of transplanting, and exceedingly difficult to propagate. Roots tough and wiry. Liber thin and; yaad, of great resistance to the ough and perfect ripening of its fruit, the Nor- in almost any. soil ; but, in the fall, the vine is liable to suffer from. se- - vere cold. during the succeeding winter. In rich bottoms it comes early into bearing and is on high hills with - enormously productive ; richest wine, of great body and superior medi- It has quite a peculiar coffeine t first seems unpleasant to coffee, endears itself to 2 raised ts oe yy: — by ste Peete ? Lo FE ees & hybrids, * Vine tolerably vigorous find _ quite aaa oe andish 5 bunch large, shouldered ; , TO skin thin; flesh-tender and ~— with a = the native favor; — ony ee brown ; Season middle of September. A erane moan ies hes Riesenblatt. (Giant-leaf) A chance seedling of some Estivalis and productive ; a strong grower, - leaf. A small quantity — made from its its grapes rodu wsfal vate A bling Hermann ; — dark brown. compact, not roma skin thin, be e unknown. a in Resem- opportunity than — : pe that grows on M. Poeschel’s— . vineyard at Silage, Mo. The vine is fore healthy : Ricketts’. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Rommel’s. 135 Ricketts? Hybrids. Our Index containsa list of the very remarkable mepri' raised b eat ‘aia, H. Ricketts at Newburg, N.Y,, as far by him. He has given his attention, for mle twenty numbers. The American Pomological Society repeat- edly awarded him its ‘‘ WILDER SILVER MEDAL.” ere the Centennial Exhibi pape 1876, he w and diploma with a m nat uate report of =i judges; and hundreds of premiums, from Horticultu- ral Societies all over the country, have been awarded to Mr. Ricketts for his seedling grapes. ' There is no question about the beauty or the excel- proved entire failures with us and ot the Mississippi valley, the very fact that h for exhibition every year che gaaee ad cae south central States, usually (though rou) called the “western Staten Geo. W. Campbell justly remarks: “ While much improved over the purely native varieties and suc- ceeding well in some —as Mr. Ricketts has abundantly - demonstrated —in other and less favored adapted to general cultivation and, even if os a i, they are well worth the extra . abundantly pay selection of soil and en « and pt faa i Sigg 7 eo ee ee oc 322. e necessary for r complete success. Mr. Ricketts shim Sat i his later ns are crosses between natives, leaving out the foreign ele- - sph Cac 6b ikwingie & Bar iy teats ot having as yet any vines pec coar this coh amaed: we give their eS description of it: ‘‘ Vine a remarkably vigorous grower; wood short-jointed and hardy ; foli- age large, yetresembles that of Delaware ; the habits of the vine are similar to those of the long pruning. Bunch large to very large, 8 frequently double- shouldered, pact; berries medium to large size, bane dark purple or purplish-lilac; peculiar, with thin white bloom ; flesh very sweet, vi- wsonliy: the ripen well in the worst of seasons since it first bore,” This description refers, of course, to the ae, of cin eeatlg Ny. whue it was raised. the fruit there, and con- sider wig vatlety a valuable addition to the grapes of the Labrusca class. Rommel’s Seedlings. No person has been more successful in the production of valuable y and healthy seedling-grapes, adapted neral cultiva- in large section of this co in Jacob Rommel, of Morrison, Mo. His gra cannot rival of fair to: to very se a, cpecully St wine ino ond brandy. TI inose named in this Catalogue. See Ams Exvrea, Erra, ee MonNTEFIORE, ER, Beatty, Brack Dexa- PEARL, which . tested and worthy of cultivation and a TaYLoR — No. 9—Vi ine vigorous, healthy and hardy moderately productive, = from medi ium, seo black; ripens early, before Concord; quality Jlent for a dark red wine. e win (B) TAYLOR Srepiin we No. 18—Vine vigorous, healthy and h productive; bunch medium ; cellent ; ri (c) TayLor Suantine No. 16—Vine a moderate wer, but healthy and — pepdae: tive; bunch small; - cream color; ed very Ss aowk: ripens ear- before Con (p) pivins Seepiine No. So healthy iv, very. above Bi a ; ri Neate" (EB) Wevine Srepiine, No. 6—Vine healthy and har- dy, very productive; bunch medium to large; ow tinctured wi se pee very fine quality. (F) Pago thre No. 3—Vine na isi healthy and Se medium ; red, and of goo aa salsa : — ater : 134 Rogers’ Hybr. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Rulander. (G) DELAWARE SEEDLING No. 3—Vine very healthy, free fro and rot, perfectly y; com firm, nd, above medium in size, black; qualit g ; promises to be a valuable early grape, ripening before Hartford (H) DELAWARE SEEDLING No. Vi modera’ and vin, Watertown, N.Y. pact, not shouldered ; ne blue-black ; fleshy, spright- ly, vinous; skin thin; very good.—Am. Pomol. Society Reports on New Fruits, 1881. Rogers’ Hybrids. These were produced in a small garden in Roxbury, near Boston, Mass. When first fruited (in 1856), and long which he has given names in place bers, by which they have hitherto been desig- nated, have been placed, in alphabetical or- der, in their slit ames tae * but there are some t unnamed which deserve a ick No. 2. One of the largest of all his hy- brids. Bunch and berry ve gi errs somewhat li Ca- tawba. Vine state rous grower ng as pro- ductive, put here subject to rot. No. 5. One of the finest of Rogers’ hybrids, and deserving to be better known. Bunch me- but not as strong a grower as some others e. 8 Considered by us f Rog best, and valuable for wine-making purpose Bunch ib large; color pale red, but the fully matured berri coppery-red with fine light gray bloom; flesh sweet, juicy, with broad, thick and coarse foliage ; y and productive. Its fruit is ing r than most of his other varieties, and its foliage, un- der good ¢ incli dew; for ese 3; pulp very tender. Vine vigorous and “healthy. ‘One of the best flavored of all the Rogers’ gtapes. early. . W. Campbell. No. is wam ie a a. were Noo 1S) Agawam: Ho. te Herbert: tS _ the early French settlers to mbeck. (Hybrid.) ipcegens unknown. A e grounds of Jas. W. pst fruited in 1870. berries ski thin aa trans- hardy and prolific; fruit need Wine, like Delaware, has a tendency to overbear. The inifera parentage, but its roots have, so far, not been pie: by the Phylloxera. Fred. Roenbeck, of Centerville, Hudson Co., N. a is propagating this variety, to sell after it may hav been tried and proven satisfactory. ROGERS’ HYBRID. (No. 8.) Bulander or St.Genevieve. Syn., A Rulander. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Salem. 135 of the lower Mississippi (Ste. Genevieve). Others consider it as a native belonging to the southern division of the Mstivalis class; and, while we ourselves incline to this view, we must admit that its short-jointed growth, ten- derness, and liability to suffer from diseases and Phylloxera, support the claim of its hav- ing originated from foreign (Vinifera) seed. Bunch rather small Paiute compact, shoulder- ed; berry small, dark purplish-black, without pulp, j juicy, sweet and 7 Vine a strong, vigorous, short-jointed grower, with heart- shaped, light green, smooth leaves, hanging THE SECRETARY GRAPE. on till late in November; Moped healthy, but re- q inte seems nevertheless subject to injury by Phyl- loxera; wood hard, with a small pith and firm outer hexk ; and although it will not bear big crops, it inakes up in quality as a witie grape what it may lack in quantity. It makes an excellent pale red or rather brownish wine losely resembling sherry, which was repeat- edly awarded a first premium as the best light colored wine. Must 100°-110°. . (See also LovursranA, page 118.) St. Catherine. (Labr.) Raised by Jas or, rather sweet, tough, foxy. Not of much value.—Downing. Secretary. Obtained by J. H. Ricketts, Horticultural Exhibition of 1872, and pro- nounced by Downing to be one of Ricketts’ st in quality: but, being very much in- clined to iatidew, it will remain a superb amateur variety only Vi : bunch large, mod- erately compact, taoolinted: with a large, ith — m the berry; flesh Siiey, sweet, i ; char: sivas tel like same een & dukive he grape | of excellent sananiese , €O and shouldered; berry large as Ham- burg, } inch in diameter, of a dark chestnut or catawba color; flesh toler- is taste; considered in best; skin rather thick; seeds large ripens nearly as = as Concord ; we Py . 136 §©Salem. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Scuppernong. SCUPPERNONG. it also keeps well. Vine very vigorous and healthy ; foliage large, strong, and abundant; wood of lighter color than most of The roots are of medium thickness, branching , With smooth, firm liber, and have more of the native ch t among hybrids; it, nev- ertheless, Piatt fails in the valley ¢ of ¢ numbered 22; aspurious sort having —s put into mar- ket under that number, it w. by th originator to No. 53. But this did not sd the to make it worse, he was report- ion, an ted to describe it once as of black color (Journal another time of Hort. vol. 5, page 264), and at as of chestnut or Catawba color, the latter ati adopted as the color of the — Schiller. One of Muench’s seedlings of "= Louisiana. Vine hardy, @ Vigorous grower, health: ae Fruit of of « purplnh-blne color, olor, ba = ==>. otherwise quite similar to his i Not disseminated. Secu uppernong. Syn., YELLOW MuscaDINE, ae HITE MuscaDINeE,* N n South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and in parts of Virginia Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas, it is quite a favorite, producing annually large oa sure crops, requiring scarcely any care or labor. It is entirely exempt from mildew, rot, or any of ’ the diseases so disastrous -: the northern species—entirely Phylloxera ; but it cannot be grown north of the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Ar , noreven in Texas. G. Onderdonk, whose nurseries are farther uth than any other in the United States, says about the Scuppernong grape, ‘‘we have repeat- edly tried it, and as fequentiy failed.’’ I 4talif; th + respond pa There ve ‘the vine makes a good growth, blossoms abundantly in June and July without setting a othe and late in the seo partiality, if not an ins against their favorite, the Scuppernong— “a Divine gift,” oe “Sent In the night time of sorrow and care wear, : + t 2 * : Most heartil our afflicted ry we would t therefore refrain from an remarks derogation of this Divine gift, and sh shall quote none but southern authorities and cultivators of the —— Berckmans, of Georgia: “I could not say course I do not compare it with the Delaware and other jine ae grapes ; but the question is—where, where a grape will give us a profit? ty Pa: it in the Seuppernong. It cannot be grown far north as Norfolk.” J. H. Carleton, El Dorado, Ark.: ‘+The fruit is are pangs foaihpeatitiles, I made so last year very little sugar (1}¢ Ibs. to the the gallon must), and although the gra bedy. called by som: ie I = the charge, and sacha ee the more on John R. Eakin, Washington, Ark.: “I scarcely know It is a coarse, tough | berry, wi eetish, musky flavor. The vine takes care of itself; does not require not suffer ing ; bears abundantly ss Semeea. i with it. Houltarists designate them . MAS, tc, - more troublesome, nd, I must say, the more exqui- _ site ‘ bunch grapes,’ as it is the habit of its ‘simada to * The black or purple of this class are often a Southers bor them by different names: Flowers, ° ae Scuppernong. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Scuppernong Hybr. 137 call the Herbemont, the Catawba, and others. Each to his taste.”’ The Scuppernong grape was discovered by the col- ony of Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1554, on the Island of Roanoke, N.C., and the original vine is said still to lance Estivalis, Cordifolia; they will all intermingle, pro- ducing hybrids, but none of them can ever(?) be be crossed. ¥. Rotundifolia, which with the blooms twdé months later than eit i The odor fit ge Pk py S and en- tirely n the ee of the Fox-grape family.” The growth of the vine, or rather the space over which es end in a series of y ; is almost fabulous. The aad of the Scuppernong is smooth, of a grayish-ashy color with many small, dot-like specks of lighter | hee: the wood sens ose-textured, firm; roots white or creamy. . dropping in near become of a a cluster censisting usually of only about zx the ground. Color e1 fully ripe. The volnds sweet, Juicy, vinous, with a a4 flavor—a e to some g American grape-gro ill be > the following, from a letter et 8. 4 Masthews of Monticello, Ark rk., written for this Cata- loge: The S did. white wine; its fruit, though ordinarily deficient nt in sugar, is vines, whereby a gecesete proportion of but par- tially bane fruit is obtained. And yet, according to 88° on the (Oechale) must scale, which would give 9 per cent. of AL €. Cook, : was quoted in your Catalogue a 1875) ws bas ta sige . ‘the is deficient n both sugar and aci acid, as itratesa at about 10 per cent. of the first and 4 mills of f the latter,’ wishes to —— tsi ang sso 8 Mh as 18 per cent. wt | ‘the ‘the grape toms; when it shall be trained on trellises, where the shall bathe the fruit and foliage, instead of upon tall umbrageous through which the sun’s rays y when only the perfectly ripe stead nom reened together, there wit be little, if any, lack of “But, ev en admitting this deficiency, itis the only demerit of this variety, and can be remedied either by adding pure sagar to the must, OF by evaporating the of the resulting syrup to the other as is needed to as evidently mistaken in suppos- ing that Rotandifolia could ok be hybridized with + ¢ Dr Wy- lie, South Carolina, have proved. And it is an- moo ee 8 repeated mistake, that the Seup- Tt is ae ‘that the Rotundifolia, im ed to Southern on pic of its phyllox- at- may not be quite as rage nor of as long durability as in other —— more affinity ; eee et fal, At Maeda Am. Pom. Society held in Balti- his remarkable valuable results may derive.” ne oo I ee a pecan gps ag oe alco ong Hybrid No. 4. Grows in slender, soil. Wood Nonegemeres pipe-clay d gemesady le | medium, compact in wonderful profusion ; berry round, greenish-white, pulp half- dissolving ; much juice, sprightly swith a} musky + aroma, unlike the Seup ; quality good. Matu- — rity middle of August.” oe Solonis. A peculiar form of Riparia, somewhat . frorn the | form by the longer, ordinary ‘sharply incised teeth of its foliage. Its home is proba- not and never was knownor esteemed in 138 Senasqua. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Taylor. Senasqua. A hybrid raised by Stephen Underhill, Croton Point, N. Y., from Coneord and Black Prince. berry varying fro the bunch is very compact, so much eause the berries to crack eoker black with blue bloom; quality best. The fruit has the peculiar fleshy character of certain forei a sieges vinous flavor. s one of the pate us, at Bushberg, it did not suc- ceed so well, and is nof near as desira- ble as Underhill’s other grapes, the Black Eagle and Black Defiance. Clay soil is not the best for Senasqua; it sang a sie deep soil. The origi- himself do d that it continues to resist the saci We give in annexed figure, the likeness of a medium-sized cluster. A fine new grape, 0 ginated with D. 8. SENASQUA. | take’; in esd comparing favorably with Lady Wash- in on. e have never seen it. 2 an’s Seediing, or Tolman. Syn: CHAM- PION ere .) Grown in Western New York, as an passed for a table-grape. Not yet disseminated nor © Enown outside of its enue S$ place. Silver-Dawn. (Hybr.) seedling of Israella fertilized by pollen of omaleteachare a brother of ances in the vitieul > are eight inches long, well- shouldered, ra ther loose; ber- _ vies white, about the size of Croten, and “ not hard to Bunch medium to large, com- e variety was sent of ‘- Champion,” as a new variety, but thetwo are identical. (See Champion, page 82.) Taylor or Bullit, often called Taylor’ s Bullit. (Riparia, accidentally cros The often continuous tendrils, or rather irregular alternation of more th. at ca ear ake it almost cer- tain that the Taylor is a cross between Riparia- and oe rusca. This old variety was first introduced to — DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Transparent. 139 notice by Judge Taylor, of Jericho, Henry County, Ky. It is generally considered v very unproductive; it seems that the vines require age, and spur pruning on old wood, to make them produce well. Samuel Miller icivelites plant the Clinton | hardy. among Taylor to fertilize them, but we find the benefits resulting from this system also in- sufficient to balance its many inconveniences; and yet we have seen Tayler vines the main trunk, spur pruning in winter but not suppressing thes growth by summer pruning) produce from 5 to10 lbs. per vine. The bunches fully used, in France, as grafting-stock for Eu- as a protection against the phyl- doing well. it seems not to do as well as in sandy clay, and especially in cool, moist grounds. oots com- paratively few, wiry very tough, with a thin, hard liber. The y spongioles will push as rapidly as the ¢ Phylloxera can — lor are now Grein’s Golden, Montefiore, pat? Fiasing Telegraph. (Labr.) A oa Mr. Christine, near Westchester, Chester Co., _ prevail. Sam. | sidered it one of the most cue or as 1s the . ise pike neW EARLY grapes, and we still consider it as than eS Prolific. oases x bearer, but often lost by rot, especially in the southwest ; ; and wh healthy, vinicoaa grower in rich soil, and very Deserves more extensive planting in northern States, where rot is less destructive. Roots very abundant, heavy, with thick but rather firm liber. Canes stout, of pee length, crooked at the joint, with the number of laterals. Wood hard with abeoncin pith. ance seedling in the grounds of ‘laa Y., said to be an Estivalis. paras? to Mr. 8. the bunch is very compact ; berries ize between re and Croveling, quite But at a grape test st held at ag ae 280 October 12, 1870, the report. showed for Theodosia the lowest amount of sugar, 63° by Oechsle’s scale, with over 11 per mill, acid. Thomas, (Rotund.) A variety of species, disetvenclt and abe by ray omas, of South Carolina, and t uated: "In color it Scuppernong, makes the table. Ripens with the Scuppernong.” oe: menespad of . Ga., — it as follows: ‘‘ Bunches berries; berries slightly oblong, large, ofa Sas vce color, quite transparent; pulp tender, sweet, of a peculiar vinous flavor, quality superior to any vg bes ype = mitidle to end of oon ee wine. A spurious variety is sold under the name or Thomas; this is inferior hoor. ds and ag a . ae eke Wyman, amend ae Car- tFrr. (Labr.) Originated Lansingburg, N. Y., by r. § a ical eatery ¢ cas — at first highly reeo grower, weembling 5 Se 7 Pera are oe + oe and mildews ws badly, and so stated ; admitting, how- ever, that ‘‘this grape is very fine, when you can get it” Bunch medium , Sh . to ; compact ; varying in form from oval ia oblats nearly black in color, and profusely covered with bloom; flesh sweet, buttery luscious, oie foxiness in its aroma and with but little — or acidity in its pulp. An early but a shy beare One of Shas Taylor Seed- lings. aak small, compact and shouldered. Berry same size as Taylor, round, pale, green- , transparent, gray spotted; skin thin, no pulp, very juicy, sweet and of fine t in leaf. and but sets its: fruit well; geusoariadyed Triumph. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Triumph ° 140 - : sessitaes £etr,. 2 1.- Triumph. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Trinmph. (Campbell’s Concord Hybrid No, 4.) Was justly pronounced by Samuel Miller, to whom Campbell confided this new variety (Syn., Joslyn’s St. Albans.) It has retained, the vigor and general habit of foliage and growth of its parent; its fruit, however, is ‘wholly free from any vestige of coarseness or fox flavor, or smell. Bunch and berry are very e; color white, or, more correctly, pale green to golden-yellow, nearly Pete ai with delicate bloom; skin thin, no pulp; flesh sweet, meaty; i berries are apt to crack (like Elvira); small seeds and few of them; ripens later than Con- eord, nearly as late as Catawba, and on that account not recommended for the North or for any locality where the season is too short to ripen the Catawba or Herbemont, but the more valuable farther South; quality first rate; vine healthy and hardy, very productive and free from disease, sbi no rot when justified its name in our vineyards; itis by far the most attractive of all our white table grapes. Its bun unches, grown by us in open air, with ordi- admired th the premium for ‘‘ the bent plate of — for the table,” and there were over 200 varieties on exhibition! This created such a Ae for plants of this it was impossible for | jig splendid variety that several seasons to fill the orders. piainy. of Bluffton, Mo., writes that it is the st table Exape we have for open air cultiva- Pay and his vines of ‘‘Triumph’’ stood the hard winter 1880-81 witheat ep anata Yet we eultivation in ; r variable climate, put only for those who will give it proper ‘care and attention. We know of no grape more worthy of it than the “Triumph.” P. J. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga., writes us: “ Triumph is truly well named ; for ee naat it hac a sree aention to the grape of fhe | by his sister, Miss M. T. Munson, an excel- lent amateur artist, and kindly presented to us. The annexed illustration is an exact copy, slightly reduced in size, showing also partly two leaves, one upper and the other lower face. But, excellent as the engraving is —_ we had made for this Catalogue in the rated art establishment of A. Blanc, at Gibataphady it can give but a faint idea of the beauty of this most beautiful American grape. e Triumph has lately also been tested in France; it succeeds there and pleases very much, while the Concord; one of its parents, does not succeed at all, and displeases the French taste. T. V. Munson has a number of yearling hybrids between Triumph and Herbemont, of ber he expects to get something fine for the h. yoores, (Biparia x) A seedling of Taylor, — most other Taylor seedlings, thus making superior wine ; but also considered © more delenké. less robust, | requiring better soil and culture to obtain best results. Bunch sometimes org cudiund, slightly oblong, greenish-yel- nat the shade, pale amber in the sun; skin almost transparent, pulp tender, juicy, very sweet, of fine flavor. ee a few days after Conqartc, be Lesh Anew erape, origin- ELST - eeetde Bee Pomel se pt. 1883) at _ there oe held fifty bunches and ia wala twenty-tw unds. We received no from the Citentoh, and he does not offer any plants for ga Una. (Eabr.) A white seedling, raised by E. W. Concord. Not as good nor ues ee eee Og ech cw. Ww. — : 4 beady a ‘It is not yet to ¢ know whether we are permitted to > that “it is ¥ oe richer in than any 5 eS ore: : d bette: u know’; and that it seems tousa most valuable af addition toour fine Soy te 142 Underhill. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Vergennes. Underhill. Syn: UNDERHILL’S: SEEDLING, UN- DERHILL’s CELESTIAL. (ZLeabr.). Originated at Charl. ton, Saratoga Co., N. Y., by Dr. A. K. Underhill; pro- nounced as “of no more yalue many other Fox- grapes’? by Fuller, but ciiallaund y G. W. C bell to be ‘‘of more value than the Iona for gen cultivation Now discarded him also. B medium to large, moderately com ; berries full edium, round, of Catawba color lp tender, sweet, rich and Annie slightly foxy; ripens early, ab th t vi gr healthy ond productive. Not recommended by us. Union Village. Syn., SHAKER, ONTAR (Labr.) Originated among a Shakers at Ua. ion Village,O. Qneof the largest of the native grapes we have, and one of the strongest grow- >> THE VERGENNES GRAPE. ing vines. It is said to be a seedling of the bloom; flesh qui Should be cust’ as requires protection in severe winters; often unh y- Urbana. (Labr.) Bunch medium, short, s shoulder- vinous acid, hard centre, aromatic skin. Ys Ripens about with Isabella.—Downing. ergennes. (Zabr.) A chance seedling, originat- ed in the garden of Wm. E. Green, Vergennes, Vt.; t t time promising New England gra pe General Wm. H. Noble tint of F hisaided | = 2 et =~ z 4A eae rt @ e : r think this the equal of any —— grape yet grown.” The Vergennes grape was tevin at various orticultural rood ee ee and highly com- — as ee — a kee eeper, seal well eke of further attention. Venango. tes DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. White. 143 variety is, so far, untried and unknown in the West. It seems worthy of a trial, as itis very early, of good quality; the vine a hardy, strong grower; the leaf large, downy, and free from mildéw. The accompanying engraving is a true copy from a Mec! of a medium sized bunch. go, s Seedlimg. (Labr.) An oan eee: madd piles sed cultivated by the French at Fort Venango, on Alleghany river, more t years since, but should be discarded now, when so mpact ; und, often flattened their compactness; color pale red, afine white bloom; skin thick and tough; ; flesh sweet but pulpy and foxy. Vine a vigorous grower, very hardy, healthy and pro- ductive. Vialla. (Rip.) A Franco-American variety, ended as a recomm grafting-stock ; resembles the Franklin, and is’ by some supposed to be ; eontend thatit is dis- i to in, as Herault, ri whens hone M. the Vialla nor the Clinton-Vialla as his pro- ductions. Victor. See Early Victor. : Vict y’s. (Labr.) This variety has been introduced (1872) by M. M. Samuels, of Clinton, me: who — itas follows: * Bunches and berries dium size, round, light amber color; ukin tlic: ohie tender, sweet, and highly favored ; vine perfectly weg yd This grape has now been tested for a number of years in different parts of the south, and the Muscats. Vine very vigorous, hardy, healthy and rather bunch medium, long, shouldered berry oval, — with thin blue bloom ; flesh The bunches dium ,to crisp, juicy, sweet, vin us, refreshing. want thinning out ‘unubieniog Ricketts consi stone of the Dest black grape for amateur and Crimea, V. Its foliage is very handsome, character ; its fruit fine; but only by grafting it on caanaghics roots, and careful nursing and covering in win- ter, Welcome. ( (Finifer Hybrid.) An exotic grape, raised by Jam i being a cross Pope’s fiaroned= Canon Hall-Muscat be grown in a cold or hot grapery only ; for southern successful, A California, however, it may prove very sui vine planted at San Sab: a orous growth, and the fruit is pronounced the very best ; the bunch large, compact ; the berry large, round- ish-oval, black with a thick grayish bloom ; flesh very tender, juicy, sweet, refreshing, vinous, rich, aroma- . amst-cl: fi above t the: pore Delaware. In form of bunch and berry hite with thin white bloom. Ripens early. Rot ery pues 7 WW: 1 ee sae bunch and Jaeger, of Pg? ae Neosho ; berries cc closely resemble the Delaware in — cies has, both mildew and rot; it ripens there about the mid- dle of Pe ie am has i et by some an Tt resembles Ven enango, and belongs to tothe same form of Labrusca as that variety and Perkins e’s Hybrid, produced by M. Vivie in France, — wens , some called Vivie’s Hartford ; said to be of very vee growth, very productive, and. its grape of good of medium size in bunch and berry iiady oblowge fiesh breaking, ronnie Bae Report, 1881. | Hybr.) One of Ricketts’ first efforts | 1 ng : growers in search of very early sorts 1. air) Anearly black grape, sup- Whitehall - posed to be a chance seedling, originated on . Goodale, in Washington Coa, Aes, grounds of Geo. and said yogic ema the Hart- ford Prolific. Merrell & Coleman, who have i fruit to be of ris es of bunch large and — ones thin-skinn: has eres very productive nor as early as was > claimed BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. Walter. Walter. 144 x .. \\ Qaqu4a \ THE WALTER GRAPE. Walter. DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. Woodriver. 145 —_—_——— Walter. (ZLabr. X) Raised by that enthusi- astic horticulturist, A. J. Caywood, of Pough- this grape, from the favorable reports by all who have seen or tested it for wine, it might well claim to be a first-class grape, and to merit atrial. It labors yet under the disad- vantage of having been represented as the cli- max of perfection by its originator. In justice tothe latter, however, it must be admitted that he honestly believed his seedling, and hee distributed the same with a liberality and i tedness scarcely ever equaled wy any originator of a new va- prore Walter cannot flourish, it drops its and is far from desirable ; but in favor- where the Delaware and gave, for afew seasons, —_ results . Concord or ee ator. ! agreeable oils favor, = ae of the Diana. enced of a ea exquisite and are aroma, and a bouquet equaled by no other wine. Ripens beef early, about the same time as Delaware. in moderately rich sandy soil, where free pon mildew, a very fair grow- tough lea 105°; acid 5 to Wilding. (Bip. x Labr.) One of _Rommel’s grapes. “Vine of @ vigorous hardy and healthy ; bunch small to medium in size, loose, dered ; berries very pale green, almost hite, transparent, round, of full medium size, all he claimed for | surface, atti t perceptibly woolly. Must 99° to | 8 per mill. Willis. Claimed to be from Delaware seed by its originator. W. W. Jones, Cam: , Ills., who sent this new grape to the 13th Ann. ations the Ohio State Horticul. Society, Dec. 1879. fair to aot size, very compact. often conspicuously s veneer sea from pale green to amber yellow; A flesh a ee no pulp, rich and sweet. It was con- sidered prom , though as yet nothing is kno experime: cahaith ot of - —* as to growth and pro- ductivences: in a ergata: Delaware ing to a little aot sage being ove again lost nearly all of em. He commenced anew with his ing, when sa were cut down ct a severe frost on mn the 27th of A April, ag Cigna h killed all kinds of pe-vines on. adel in — 1873, b sequently he had to leave his place to fepectatia pe t 4 Us Hybrids from i ea letters to us: Mary Wylie. (Hybr.) (Parentage, Clinton and pi i seal ign sn A Bderni hari! _ m cheek ; sate 2 bl sas ant as gear ong as Jane manage _, and foliage NATIVE; seems quite hardy, and of highest quali cross between twohybrids. Bunch can grapes in quality; considered of the highest ex- cellence by Downing, Saunders, Meehan, and —— No. 5. (See ‘ Berckmans,’’ page 75.) Garnet. (Red Frontignac and Clinton.) Bunch and a beautiful d berry larger than Clinton ; ofa nagherteny color; fi c (Bo Muscat) Ne. 8.— Black; bunch and berries very large and loose ; skin thick ; foreign; flavor.slightly musky. A ng grower, with large Labrusca foliage. Ripens as late as Catawba. Halifax and Hamburg No. 11. Black; bunchand berry odin. 280 ; skin thick ; only valuable on ac- coun’ i health; has never rotted in ten years. Peter Wylie No. 1. (Parentage, f. Halifax and For- eign, m. Delaware : and Foreign.) White ; transpa- gg ; bunch- a above medium size, betwee een Delaware and aa agin in quality and meaty, with a Muscat flavor. A vigorous, short- jointed, — “growing vine, with thick native thoroughly. (Also Peter Wylie No.2, produced from seed of P. W. No. 1.) Robert Wylie. Blue; bunch large and long ; berry large ; skin — rich and juicy; ripens as late as great bearer, _one in aac but & it Chinnobt ena Foreign.) Blue; bunch and sweet, slightly musky. Winkie lace, with great bearer, never fails, and cornea vcore see lemrged Staminate Seuppernons: sao meg im Hamb Scuppernong. ; quality ture and flavor ; ripens early and hangslong; might require + oz - skin thin but tough; almost pulpless, rich, sweet, 148 = Wylie’s Hybr. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. York Madeira. with a peculiar flavor; appears to ripen its berries together (as early as Concord) and adhere well, which some of - icles Scuppernong do not. I think it may sui climate ; it is — wor- thy of a full ou Halifax and Welaware Neo. 30. Color of Dela- ware ; bunch ab texture and flavor also much like Delaware, “but holds (here) its leaves better, and is healthier gener- ally, with leaves somewhat h great bearer. Malifiax and melerrars Ne, 38. ot deeper red , but not as ‘strong @ a grower as No. 30. ” Wood hard, leaves and ferruginous (rusty) underneath. Mr. Guthrie tells me that this variety was the most. pre- ferred among sao 80 Hybrids he had bearing. Halifax an d Mtybria No. oe like Halifax, but high-flavored, tender an ; bunch and dertyfarior thas Wee laid i think it will prove a great acquisition. I have sent you rset all a my A ages! that amen be sufficiently climate. tinue to hiybridtiee, shes or cath every ae A, P. Write. Blue, very sweet Wyoming-Red. See Winmrncton-Rep. York Madeira. Syn., Brack German, LARGE GER- An old variety, gen y su to of Isabella; originated at York, Pa. French viticulturists classify a hybdri finds inthe structure of its | Toots great analogy with the stivalis, Bunch. medium sized, compact, and geeety has a a shonlder Adishznral , blac! thickly hae with a light bloom ; juice heer what pungent, and not much tou, inits pulp hen fully ripe, which i ut same time with Isa- bella. e vine is not very hardy, short-jointed, moderately vigarous and productive, but often losing its leaves, p Charles erred - f Wilmington, Del., i introduced. the same variety as Canby’s August. Hyde's Eliza (Catskill, N. Y.) is bly also the same gra The ‘York Madeira’® is now almost entirely ‘de wegtourt = * - 1 £ me 24 42 1 7 Am ica, but in France it has obtained a certain import- ance and celebrity. M.Laliman, of Bordeaux, first ni | a and worthy of propagation, and it fc dapt itself very well to ‘Various —_ Uiegscg its fructifi- under that pgerrats in richness of color ‘and sweet- ness, and its vi wth recommends it as a San apa Bat: as such also it is inferior to the ~ Riparia oe y, 1. GRAPE MANUAL, Page- Climante, Soll and Aspect; Conditi d other infl ffecting the p 5 ttempts to Cultivat: heir failure, ‘Tis Py losers.......<........... 48 of the True Grape- -vines of the United faa Dr. G. G, Engelmann, of St, Totti. wc: with a tab! 9§—19 roadie by Dr. c Engelmann 19—20° Viticultural Remarks on our American Species, with lists of f their Cultivated Varieties 21—26. * “ on Hybrids 7; 2) Location. Preparing the Soil; Planting; Number of Vines per A bid Seed Culture. _Tendency t to Variation, &e. 30, 31 : ‘Planting. (Continued.) during first year. ‘Trellis or Stakes, CARICEV REINS 60) nec sss s es 39—41 Treatment during Seeond and Third § Seasons. T; Tying 2 BS; OP —/ g r i as 2 Wiscases of the Grape, by I Dr. G, Engelmann ne ec ar ae 2 ks on Mildew (Per 10spora) d Rot (Ph icol 49—51 eeoY 52-57 58—H0 eo * BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—TABLE OF CONTENTS. Il, INDEX TO DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. The Standard names are in SMALL CAPITALS, (the most ee or leading varieties in LARGE CAPITALS); the Synonymous names in siniteiga Discarded old varieties and undisseminated novelties are in o1 nary Roman type. arieties marked by a * are illustrated. The columns explain as follows: ist. SEASON and USE: e., early; v. e., very early; m., medium; L., late; » very late ;—T., table; M., market; W., wine. a, ai amateur- ee gr-; — grafting stock: si discarded ; pans §, not disseminated or but little known; XTRA, r its proper | n and soil. 2d. Sah ina COLor, is potas ence to the A a Ss esignated as follows: ly fall oo cay “ pagans, asi iv este The size of these signs being large, medium : = aesaann oe yellowis ca Sy en 6s ; Ww 3d, Names of Varieties with their classification, referring to their species, or whether they are crosses or hybrids. f ‘ Season, eo NAME. Class or Refer. Page. oon. Si NAME, Class or Refer. Page. e.T. 2. | @ [ADELAIDE .........Hybr... 68 mT, § 10 leant uty of MinnesotaLabr. X 74 cis 4a Minin Becthc.: me EOL . |Belinda, en Miers Gear es: y.e. T. a. | @ |ADIRONDAC........Labr... q .e. M. ry | WIGGES «ss 505 ««Labr. -. , v.e. T.a. | @ |ADVANCE..........Hybr... 67 m.T. a. | @ BERCKMANS---Clint.X Del. ce) m. T.M. | @ |AGAWAM.........Hybr. .. *69 LT.a |@ Berks scat ARE Aiken ..see srecn cece 1 L: T.§ © |Bird’s Egg--------. cons we 1M.§ | @ |Albino.............Labr.-. 68 Bieth. Cove, son Meanaee v.e.T.§ | @ /Aletha Labr... 68 Th. es 2 LACK DRETANCS:- ybr. -- LW. d. @ Alexander Labr. ..7, v.e.T. M. | e |'BLACK DELAWARE. 93 mm TF 6 O |ALLEN’S Wine Labr. x ; Sd ye SB IBLACK EAGLE. ..Hybr.. 75*76 ©. T.. W. 8.) © ALMA. »co«sesscse0. he. 98 | Black German, see York Mad. 1. m. T. W. | e |ALVEY. Hybr. . . ; e. T. M @ Bu K Haw ree ae Lew, @ AMANDA Labr.-. 70 Poasapie Tuly, see Devereux. -- m. Ti @ |AMBER.... a eae os RRES b>" 4 *70 e. M.§ Se B 2 acne eens el 1 ye. Tin $ AMBER QUEEN...-- Hybr... 70 ‘Blak Muscadine, see owers v.e. T. M. yo INIA - aes ed D ‘ ) m. W. x. e BLACK Sone RS finn ; Z reux, see Rulander 34 | % oir.11 ’ T.d. | @ Labr m. W.n. e Peat egeges a 38 ae veT.n. | @ Aas nn Aces, black ..Labr.-. 85 | $< @ |Bland..-..--. cereee a. ; e.T.. | © |Ann Arbor, white ..Labr... 85 : Bland’ 8 pose see Se see Blan i e& We iJ 2 ‘oinette Tahr 1, 1 | : m. W.2. | @ |ARIADNE Lt de ie Tings Arkansas, see Cynthiana. ..88*89 v.e.Md.|@ Blood’s Black ...---Lab: Arnolds’ Hybr., No. 1.----++ 128 : Bloom, see C: seeeeee ts 6) Wo 9.2... 988 LW.a | « [Bine Dyer ;-------- Hip ---- iad UNG. G- ces ew TE2 1. W. a. @s Favorite .-.-.-Aust.--. - 6 Wace ssa | sue Grape, see Devereux -- te NO. 16... Pee v.e.d.° | @ Blue a : itd © |Arrot ab 71 [Baas Eureka, see Isabe wet $ A bap Sa Se ou sip ce = 1.W.a. | @ |Bo1 ao ea oa e.T.n. | @ AuGust GrAntT...-.Hybr. -- Bravdywine .---- Vi - 1M.d. | @ |August st danr. os 72 v.e.T. 2. | @ Hate wo babe X % | |Augusta, see Miner’s Seedl.. 121 e.T.z. | @ BRIGHTON .-..---- : e.T.a. | O lAuTuc wee gee ee Hybr. -. 971 etree = -Vin m. W.n. | e |BACCHUS +--++-+++Rip. Ge | Bullace, see Seuy : Baker, see ITAL ibe ep ee ee eee | u +e sie eS 2) deeteetleess Baldwin Lenoir... ist. -- 72 oe for. a Take 8 4 | Burgundy, oncord Seedling | Burgundy of @a., see P — weee eee -- Labr. we 85 : €. e, Rn. ee (BURNET. - aged ne Jie. io e |Burrou: pea eae secs oe - "2 q : ' | Burr's “ (ease + oceans, a Eee ae i =, 3 : 4 Seedl.-n---teresenaeaeeeee 7 eecereceeesLabr.X 72 4 2 acca Sere: —- 5 eee eee Bh ls BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—TABLE OF CONTENTS. ne Fone NAME. Class or Refer. Page. Berm a Powe NAME. Class or Refer. Page. e.T. M. | @ CAMBRIDGE ....... — -- 80 | v.e. T.M. n.| @ [EARLY VICTOR..Labr. .. *96 m. §| © |Camden.........-. Eaton’s Seedl, see Conccod e.T. W. | @ |CanapDa..........- R4 Canby’s Aug’t.see York Mind: us e.T. a.n. | © |EL Do Hybr. 94 | Cape “.eseeee--8ee Alexander 68 © |Elizabeth.......... Labr. «. 94 Carlotta..see Miner’s Seedl. 121 e. T. W e ELSINBURG - Est. 94. Carter .........see Isabella. 111 Elsinboro, same as s Bisinourg 94 1.T. W. d. | © |Cassady Labr. .. 81 m. W. «| O |ELVIRA.......... x ee isiana 118 Elvira Seedl. see Rom. ‘Beedl. 133 1LT.W. | @ |CATA wcceees- Labr. 80°81 (Emilys.....: Vinifera : (The illustration is not very accurate y.e. T. n. 2.) O pups STATE. .-.. Lab: 4 99 | the bunches of pean ag are generally : should in Brighton, p. 78-) m.T. a. | @ ESSEX............. Ce Catawba Seedlings-......... m. T. W.n.| O |ETTa x *98 — lla see Catawba 80 Eugenia, see Sines ‘Seed: 121 sooo see Creveling 90 | v-e. T.W.a.| @ EUMELAN.. --4ust. 99*100 T0416 | vanvaann reais” 2 8 pied n§ +e mores abr. .- y.e.T. a. | @ |CHALLENGE ....... Labr.x 82 e. M. CY LEVEL eee vckesecneces Labr. .85,98 e.M. | @ CHAMPION. ------.Labr.-. 82 m.T. n.| @ EXxcmision pee e eek Hybr. .. 100 Chas. Downing.see Downing 92 Charlotte ...... see Diana §2*93 | v.e.T.W.n.| O RAITH.....+-+-.5-- Rip. x 100 m. M.d.§ | @ > + hiss oe LADE. 82 ‘ancher, see Catawba ...... 81 | +--- Labr, «. 18 e.T.§ |‘@ Mansfield ......-... Labr. x 118 © |Ida, see Miner’s Seedl .Labr. 121 Marine’ $ Senne, Labr. & 1, T. © Drrertal ybr.-- 110 | ROR casi ile soo cies us, 119 Improved Warren, s. Harwood 104 LW @ (MARION.......-.<+.-.. 120 m. T. W. @ ities 4105.0... Labr. -. 111 Marion Port, see York e. n. § | @ |lowa Excelsior.....( FP) ese TEE e. M. z O |MARTHA.....-.... Labr. ..*119 _T. © [IRVING ybr.- *110 | eM.a.z. | ©) *sS piss. 1.M.W. | @ ISABELLA......-- Labr. -. 110 vy.e. T. M. | @ Massasoir Hybr....1 TsaBELLa nicek cake om ALE i. 7. a. © MAXATAWNEY.....- Labr. -.™ e. T.M.d. | @ (Is EOS SOC Labr. .. 111 ae wit OTe Fs Se Ga Labr.(?) 120 Italian Wine Grape, see 91 y.e. M.d. | @ a aa eee Labr. .. v.e. a § |} Off Hyb I Ds chases e.M. W. | @ IVES Labr.111*112 MeDonali's ‘Ain goes Ives’ Madeira, see Ives....-- 111 nn Arbor, AAP VES be ~ Ives’ Seedling, see Ives..-.-- 111 MoKee, see Herbem’t Seedl.. 105 McLean, see Devereux..-... 92 ack, see Lenoir..... «ooo L15*116 i. Ti. 0} Sts LURE, Murs......Hybr... 121 Jacques GCTUET sa 000 115*116 ead’s Seedl., see Catawba- Jaegers’ Varieties of Mstivalis. | gg Hed pe yo egal 81 + By 43.17, LWT. n. | Me BOGRE Ss o0 64+. hea as: TE 43, 52..------ L123 _Merceron, see Catawba...... 81 e. M.d. | @ Janesville Labr. ~ eae me Toe @ (MERRIMAC....... Sie” 121 m. T. M.n.| @ TUN 4 ec Labr. *113 Merri itt’s - Seedling. Vinif. y-e.n.§ | O |Jessica...------- een me eJ r+. 1 § oO Hace: see Marine’s Seedl.. 119 v.e.T. a. | @ ‘MILES. Labr..- 127 1 § @ Kalamazoo..-.-...-.Labr... 113 _Miner’s See br. .. 39% e. n. § © |Kalista....Del eens Minor’s Seedl., enango. 143 Ka’ _. Vinifera Seedl.. 7 > ? ‘Muynesora Mam. --Labr.(?) 121 Kay's Seeding, see HerLem’t i. W: s ‘MisH. Rotundifolia -.-..-. 27, 137 eee at po stan came 5 $d. ° gourt:f3.° 5.5. Rip <.i., 291 Keller’s White, see —_ t. Missouri Riesting, ceeGrein’s Seedls. ..---------eee cere 81 | Seedl........--. , 103 . Keuka, see Neff....--------- 124 Lweoren. see Concord § . 84 $ @ Kilvington. weer tee eee 113 e. T. | ONROE,.-. 0-220 _ eae 122 King, see Golden Clinton... 102 | m.W.n.2z.| e MONTEFIORE ....Rip.X..*123 § @ pon pase vos 113 iJ ee Weade . — King William, see Marine’s 3 $ & Senile ss FT ee TL © Mooie's BARLY.Labr..Sie1a3 § | « shen -=-.+--..++-bip--+- a 1. W. M. a. . a pe Keres bond TVES ec ceue 1 oun! non..--Labr. Maaveigh; oe : | Muscogee, see Herbem. Seed] 105 d. ‘Labe Pe 63 ee 113 nh. 5 LACuISSA, Del. Seedl...-.-- 92 m re |O Nao erence ceeeee ybr. ..*124 e. T. M.z. | © |LADY..-- Labr. 114*115 e. M. © Le neds agente ape -- 124 e. T. n. a. | O (Lapy CHARLOTTE. Del... 116 LW. e NEosH teece overs i] 1233 ?T. a. e «ese VDI. ad : fs Pobaseneeer see Marine’s Seedl i : : Lap WASHINGTON Ht br. .. 117 Newark.----------- -: = ce . aia Test x. £16 vy.e.M. | © ‘NEw Haven, see Con. 85 see ‘Yo 1. W. § eo NEWPORT .--------/Est..-. 124 pow kena ice cac Wal m.M.n. | O NraGarRa.--.------Labr. X 124 m.a§ | @ ei conw a eeyur..> Et7 antag : 3 petra eee — 2, ‘bella -. 110 e. ‘Norfolk. - al - 126 ee pong “ke. aoibi eee L Ww. Be ° Cae ile Va vit ak ape tat. i i : Est a 6 e: &: @ No ica --- - ++ 126 LW. . | | son MW. | @ \Nonrn Camouina-Labr. .. 126 e. W.T. | @ No [USCADINE-Labr. 126 1. W. e ox). Est. 92.118 e.T.n. | @ Norwoop-.-------- rf. «+ 137 e. M. § --Labr. 118, 121 : a v. e. Ts. 2 Oe Hybr...*117 i W.. . | csndegetaay et it Be - “Est. -- = eM.d | @ I br. oe | _ {Omega, Wan a+ een a ere oT: eece WOE. m. T.2. | @ ONEIDA-.------ -Seedl. 128 eae ee Isabella. ..-.---- e.M.§ | @ Onondaga ..------- br. .- 138 : oe is (Bingen oka soi | m. W. gr. | e OPORTO serececcees. ae 152 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—TABLE OF CONTENTS. ware NAME. Class or Refer. Page. en” eS | NaME, Class or Refer. Page. } e.W. T. | @ OTHELLO .«... rece ybe. _ Lio : |Rockland Favorite, see Con- e. M. W. n.| @ Owasso d Seedl m. > £. 1) © ‘Roenbeck. . ++ +ee-Hybr... 134 & WodS | @ PAULINE lls, Est. 129 ROGERS Hybrids, Nos. 2, Pesan goa Cencrl Seedl.. 85 me 'Payne’s Isabella, see Isabella 110 thee — . Ge m. T.W. n.| @ |PEABODY..........} o fs 920 | No. 3,1 @ Woe! CO Pram 0002225... x. 129 No. 4, ¥.¢:M. | O (PERKINS ..:...... br. ..*130 og bog m.T.a. | O PererWyrie...... Hybr. .. 147 No. is, Ac Pioneer (Hartford ?), see Tsa- No. 19, } Le ili No. 28) I m. W. e prceon: ivbwesccces eg 129 No. 39, A» a. § £ IP IGROE Sone ky ce Hybr... 129 No. 41, Ess m. M. n x. © POCKLINGTON “-Labr. ae gs No. 43, E |_Chromo-lithogr. opposite title page. -No. 44, HERBERT a We te | POLL Gor ov. 3.6 ck i . 130 No. 53, SALEM v.e. W.T.| @ Poughkeepsie-Red -Del. x: 129 ROMMEL’ : Powell, see Bland ...-...... 77 named. mT MM. 1 Oo ISS. -Labr. ..*131 Nee A MMM po Caer Ue. seks Also Chromo. lithog®. with title Brav & To. o waa gee O38 <+ Del. x 131.132 Brack DELAWARE......... M. § ? |Purple B! mi.++++-Hybr. 2p 496 EeAok TAYLOR B- é UL VIRA y. € $ ? mia -Labr. « 129 en pe m.T. a. | @ (QuassAICK .....---Hybr... 132 Momrurione...0..20... 1.1 *188 PE 129 d. © IDE we ese rece ces ‘ Senet Serres ae 139 LW. e LS GOR a Scar, emia | WEROISG 0 oso... ees 6. Wa | @ Ranrran ........ --Hybr. .. 132 Rothrock 8 see Alexander .... 68 Ray's Victoria, see Victoria. 143 lL. W. e@ RULANDER .-.-..-.-- Zist.X - 134 im. TF. a, oO OOM cent sices DF: ec 23 e. § 2. . Rutland . Hybr. -- 134 Red Elben, see Rulander. cowed , see I ie «.. PO m.T.M. | @ yb Red Muncy, see Catawba... *80 bornton, see Isabella...- 110 Red River, iana... *88 | Saratoga, see Catawba ; § 2. 2) Se ee LT ES 5 m. a. § ® (Schiller ...<-1--.. (?) 136 ©. M. or. | @ |Runrz............-Labr. ... 1 LM.W. | cy) SCUPr ONG, Rotundif. - @ | @ |REQUA . pvesse VBE... 128 136,*137 RICKETTS? Seedl -Hybr. .. “ m.§@. | © |ScuPPERNONG-HyBRID. Dr. See ADELAIDE 2 Wylie’s 137, 147 CE Schuylkill Muscat, see Alex. 68 SECRETARY Hybr. . .*135 Segar- Box, Se | SENASQUA.....------Hybr.--*138 SEOMOR co ano none Labr. 103, 136 Shaker, see Union Village .- 142 ISHATON. . 5 .. 25 ees ne - Sheppard Delaware, see Del. 92 Sherman, see eoe> 118 Sherry, see Devereux. .....- 92 Silver Dawn..-.....Hybr.-. 138 Singleton, see Catawba. ...: *80 German, see York Mad 148 Smart’s Elsinb., see Elsinb.. 94 SOLONIS.....--- a bi 137 agency GRAPE, plant... ee re Sporford 8 ‘Seedl.,. see To-Kalon 139 Spring Mill Const., see Alex. 68 ) St. thats tae 135 ee Genevieve, see Rulander . 134 | © |Stelto ae Comes 138 . ee a “aaa BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—TABLE OF CONTENTS. (158 a cope. bcm NAME. Class or Refer. Page, — S| NAME, Class or Refer. Page. ; y.e. M. T. | @ TELEGRAPH..-.....- Labr... 139 mT 4.5 oO | Weehawken. Vinif. as. 143 pel Tender-palp-. ae 27, ae -'@ ada ect a Hybr. .-.- ee. . ® OdOSIA.... eeu keus at cere Temple. see uyah eeereee iL. Wi é @ THOMAS..........Rotundif. 139 6. Ma. 1 WHITE ANN Aiton talk -- 385 > Th see Devereux.--- 92 d. ° White Cape.........Labr.... 68 1 2. W. @ |To-Katon,...-....-Labr. .. 139 d. e) Oe 81 es Tolman, see cea eres Z e. T. a. o |WHITE DELAW Del. m. R. ° iP. eee i a oe ok er LT. M. z+ O Ser ag deuce Hybr. 1 ope v.e. T.a@ | @ pd aay HALL -+++--Tabr. 16s , see a Muscadine, see upp.* Tryon, jen ork Madeira. — a. § Oy whit Muscat of } oe — @TCUK..+2---2 or. e. m. - @ WILDER .......... Hybr. - -*146 'U. B., see Marine’s Seedl.... 119 | m. T. W.n.| O hea -. ++esRip. Lab. 145 m. W. oO UHLAND.- -- be ewee -Rip.X.. iM n. § (@) / Del.X.- 145 n. § @ Ulster Prolific.....- Labr. X 141° d. © |Wilmington........ Rs 145 . Md. | O [Una c.ts.cc.- ---«Labr. 85, 141 e.M.§ | © \Wilmington-red....Labr. -. 145 m. T. § @ Underhill ......-..-Labr... 142 | Winne, see der...--- 68 Underhill’ Celestial e. W.§ e tae eee +4 UNDERHILL, (STEPHEN) Hybr.: | v.e.T.§ | O Woodriver- .».Labr. ?. 145 ee ce & BLA : é.T.n.§ | @ Woodward, ane og x “ord CxoTon... 37 |e. T. M. W.. @ |WORDEN Labr. .. 147 Invine. . Worden’ s Seedl., see W. 147 oe SENASQUA.. . 138 gton, see hon, Oe ie . Gino ord n= ByDr iit B24. pondsradatrp Hybr.147 cae “2..§ | © [Urbana.......-+- PT a 1G wee es M d. (%) enanvo 1 m. YT. § oO ylie, Marie seeee aioe * 147 v.e. Tn. © SRGENKES Labr. ..*142 m. T. a. | O |WYLIE, PETER. .«... Hybr. .. 147 evay, see Alexander, .....- m.T. § | @ Wylie. Robert ...--Hybr... 147 alla. Rip . m.T. § | @ |Wylie, Gill-.... ...+Hybr. oe | fee nay view Wyman, see = Victor, see 'y Victor ---- —o Victoria, see Miner’s Piet a8 e M. § Qo |W YOMING- RED seoeLabr-. 145 m. T. @ \Vi Ray’s- ..Labr. -- 143 m. W.n.§| @ |Vivie’s re ne -Labr.X 1438 Yellow espe oo e.Tu. @ Watter. -...--Labr.X 144,9145 | York Lisbon, ander. . 68 ee on evn agg l.gr.d. | @ YORK Maperra .--.Labr. Warrenton, see - 104 (Hybr. ?)- ~<-+---+0-00 . ai Wat Pe 8 [WATERTOWN -+--++ Hybr. - «- 16 d. A see Con- m.T. a. § | @ |WAVERLY -.. -..--Hybr.-- 143 eord Seedl ABBREVIATIONS. Somatianty soot te the text SS De at home or believed to suc Middle Atlantic States: bee South Atlantic States: N. C., 5 designate those divisions of our country where the Variety North Atlantic States, viz.: re H., Vt., Mass., R. L., Ct., also N. Scotia. N. J., Penna., Del., Md., Va., W. Va. , Fila. a Central States: Mich. Wis. Minn: lowa, pi am also Ontario. ntral States: Ohio, Ky., Tenn., Tete: Is. Mo., K ahh Goat mae Ala., Miss ta: Pex, & : GENCIES: a : NEw Yoru orn a 235 W. 25th Street, oes Curcaco Orrice, 266 Division mae The Largest and Most Complete Collection in the United States. ALL LEADING VARIETIES IN LARGE QUANTITY. Vines of the Best Quality and Warranted True, AL Ven Law Paros. PRICE LISTS sais ni aiciss 6 mn meen RADE Lists MAILED TO NURSERYMEN AND DEALERS ONLY. CGSSEND FOR OUR] ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, Price, 25 Cents. Library Edition (cloth) $I. Sent by Mail, postpaid, on receipt of price. {= We make the Export of Phylloxera-resisting Rooted Vines, Grape Cuttings and Grape Seeds a Specialty. In FRANCE, EUROPE, REPRESENTED BY: ORDERS SOLICITED. ADDRESS MM E. BLOUQUIER et Fil BUSH & SON & MEISSNER, Montpellier (Herault) BUSHBERG, MO. NATIVE ISIDOR BUSED & CoO). ——WHOLESALE DEALERS IN—— AMERICAN STILL AND SPARKLING WINES, BRANDIES, &C. The Largest Stock of Best Missouri, Ohio and California Wines. Also, FRUIT BRANDIES, CORDIALS, Ete., ALWAYS ON HAND. meet un ages. WINE CELLARS AND DEPOT: oe L. HEIDELBERGER, Agent. __ (314 Elm St., 8. E. cor. Fourth St., — a New Ontaaxs Onvice, ot Nateher Stee “rete 4 . ST. LOUIS, MO. % —-—_= ADDRESS Tas ee Menon & Jaccano JeweLay Co 401, 403 & 405 N. Fourth Street, Cor. Locust, ST. LOUIS, MO. a> This magnificent Catalogue is a grand educator, and you will be delighted to inspect the beautiful objects it contains, and you will also be surprised to observe at what LOW PRICES these exquisite goods are sold. : Before purchasing a WEDDING, ANNIVERSARY, CHRISTMAS or NEW YEAR’S PRESENT, be certain to send for this grand Catalogue. DIAMONDS, WATCHES, CLOCKS, BRONZES, JEWELRY, MUSIC BOXES, VASES, SILK UMBRELLAS, COMBS, SOLID SILVER and SILVER-PLATED WARE, ALBUMS, JEWEL BOXES, all are beautifully shown. == DO NOT FAIL TO SEND FOR ONE. -BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. -COLMAN’S | RURAL WORLD Agricultural and Horticultural Weekly 36 YEARS ESTABLISHED! Successor to the ** GRAPE CU Those growing fruit of any kind will i! this Weekly Paper almost indispensz vble. Conducted b NORAN J. COLMAN, Ex-President Missouri State Horticultural Society. Terms, only ONE DOLLAR per Year. Address, COLMAN’S RURAL WORLD. 600 Olive Street, ST. 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ALOE, HERNSTEIN & CO, - 300 North Fourth Srteet, ST. LOUIS. Patented Oct. 24, 1882. Patented Jan. 30, 1883. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR. Principal Office, 314 Olive Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. BLASINER.& ADAM, KEEP CONSTANTLY IN STOCK THE MOST APPROVED INSTRU- MENTS IN WINE MAKING, VIZ OECHSLE’S MUST and WINE SCALES TWITCHELL’S ACIDIMETERS, * (of Glass and Silver), THERMOMETERS, HYDROMETERS MINIATURE STILLS (for ascertaining | and BAROMETERS (reliable weather the Alcohol in Wines), | indicators), 220 North Fourth Street, ST. LOUIS. ee : i eS 0-3 JAMES VICK STRAWBERRY. (FROM LIFE.) Another test — that =~ —— V ick ey is the i Emjreotie and profitable of all Srawberries. : hie hie d that he picked at ~ rate cot ” bushels per acre at one Seb. after two things: of them had ony destecred by continuous storms, and m green berries remained on the vines. The Rural New Yorker reports 283 blossoms on one plant, and 33g. ripe reid ries picked from four plants only ten months after planting. John T. Lovett says the James Vick Strawberry has exceeded his expectations; that it a occupy a high position for market ; that it keeps long on the vines before picking ; is as productive as Crescent but more firm, ‘and — the plant is periertion vigor and every other respect. Reports from all sections ho one market icerberry for the million. It is of fine color and form, a ly firm, and of oe ‘quality te e the introducers. d shall ae ea large stock of strong - Plants t ffer at reduced 1 pa: oe " ” 31. ie smaller ones, 50 cts. Do t fail to give tt: a good position in "your Catalogue, eae ON FRUIT C ‘ULTURE, = Fee fh copy of GREEN'S UIT GRO , sent free to all wh app O We have a general line of Plants, Vines, and Trees, for sale. GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Rochester, N. Y. (Box 562.) Pomora Nu rseries. ESTARLISHED 1 Aigieiee BLACKBERRY, WILS ON JUNIOR, + f —— HEADQUARTERS FOR — } KIEFFER'S HYBRID TREES; 100,000 Budded PEACH TREES, grown TENNESSEE NA eed ne PITT; STRAWBERRIES, RASPBERRIES, GRAPES, ae aa-Catalogue with Colored Plates FREE.-“@a WM. PARRY, Parry P. 0., N. J. BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. & BrA MW oO. - WITTEMANN BROS. ENGRAVER ——FOR—— FLORISTS, SEEDMEN NURSERYMEN, 314 N, Eleventh St., PHILADELPHIA, have in stock 2,000 Electros of Flowers, Fruits, Trees, Vegetables, and Ornamental Cuts r the trade, for sale at 1-10th a gu others the price is 50 Cents. Send prints of any cut that you want. esd QuIER & F 1s & ge HARDT, Montpellier, France, our correspondents for rope. THE BUSHBE ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE Signa ey “AMERICAN GRAPE VINES. A new (third) revised and enlarged edition has jus st been issued. Price 25 cts per copy: < Noe. ted library sation 3 in cloth, $1 ‘00, for which it will be sent post Price Liste gai ae Correspondence solicited. BUSH & SON & MEISSNER, — Bushberg, J Leading Varieties of Guapes. The following List includes those Am. Va rieties which have been well tested and are now cultivated in Vineyard. Single Vines at one tenth the price per dozen. Season, Size | Use. color! NAME OF VARIETY AND CLASS. 4st, (Zstivalis), Rip. (Riparia), Lab. (Labrusca), Hy. (Hybrid). One Year, BLACK EAGLE....-.....--- ihe ok Lab $ AGAWAM, (Rogers’ No. 15. aint ELVIRA, (Rommel’s) ..... Rig. RUMEIUAN 65 oe sek veces ou est. GOETHE, HARTFORD PROLIFIC....Zaé. HERBEMONT..»..+-.. 020+. s¢. HERBERT, (Rogers’ No. 44). Hyb- RMANN ist H enon bees be lds a Rogers’ No. 1.) -. Hyd.\2 LADY Ciaigienr) aesey vache. LINDLEY, (Rogers’ No. 9.) .. Hyd. pomasse seer steay ee. 3 ee MASSASOIT, eer No. 3) Hyb. Missouri Riestine (Grein’s) Rip X | MERRIMACK, (Rogers’ 19.) Hyé. NOAH (Wasserzicher’s)...2:p. X (PRRRING ooo. a ek serena or oe : SaCiinee BULLIT...--. Rip.X | TEU MGOGAYH 0..<.... <0. : Labs VENANGO, or Miner's Seedl’g “ a eacceqierereereieea ii taietiaiii tii + E- 5 = + aoe WILDER, (Rogers’ No. 4.) -.Hyb.2 . 20 00 No. 1. 60 oo! bese Per | Per Per . | } Doz.) t i lwo. Years or Extra, Le ee a Use. a low . medium, ike Tor M. for Table or Market, w. W. for White Wine +. sg Wine. are denoted by the signs: @ for black, or nearly so when fully ripe- ———— ule or coppery-brownish ; ae) for white, amber, SS igas are larger c f th pot ‘ Ndditional List of Gu'apes. This List embraces the most promising Novelti fes and varietzes, not ae sufficiently known, or esteemed only in particular localities and for amateur collection. Season, | Size) NAME OF VARIETY AND CLASS, Two Years, or extra rent [oie “Tab Ceabraseas, 196. (Hybrid). acs tee | oe r.W.e.T. | @ ALVEY E 40| 3 50 m. T. w.W.| @ AMBER (Rommer's) --.--- ee 40! 3 00} 15 00 e. T. @ Amini (Rogers’ No. 39) ..---Hyd. mt - @ Baccuus on eeeeeces po. 40} 4 00) 25 00 e. T. @ Barry (Roger’s, No. 43).----- FTyé 50} 4 50) e. M. & aie Sy io hoch cee ae arin 1s en we Lab 10 40 3 oo 15 oo e. M. @ (Brack HAWK...--+---+--+-+-> ey 12 40| 3 5c| 18 00 Le .) ee DERTANCE ceiceses 20 60) 6 00; 30 00 m. r. W. @ Brack PEARL MRS ve a 10 40| 3 00) 15 00 tae oa 7 shan ee 15 50| 4 50) 25 CO rc. We @® Biue Dyen. ARE SES oar a arr 12 50] 4 50| 25 00 m. 2. @ (CamsBrip .-Lab. 20 60 6 oo] 30 00 e. T. @ |Canapa (Arnos No. 16). ERs 15 50) 4 50 e. T. @ |\CHALLENGE «- 2+ + 4e0 ee eee ape: 15 50| 4 50] 25 00 m. T. @ |\ConquERo Hyé. 15 50| 4 50) 25 00 m.T.W Ee) ccueea \ CArnole’s No. 2) — 15 50| 4 50) 25 00 eT. @ |CREVELING bX 2 50] 4 50 e. T. ©) Wlmdrol «6.2. t+ 0dh hes 2: the 25 6c! 6 co Lr. W. S esas oR — Jury... 2st. 15 50! 4 50] 25 oO e. M. @ (Dracut AMBER..-------- +--+ re 12 40| 3 50| 18 oo eT. W. | @ saat BUR Est. 15 50| 4 50 e. T. @ Essex mates No. 41) - ++ Heh is 50] 4 50 e. T. oO “tae ab 15 50] 4 50) 25 oO e. T. © |Farru (Rommel’s)..---.- - X| 50} 4 oo} 20 60! 6 00 m. T. w. W.| ® |HumsBoipt (Muench’s) nip x 35| 3 Oo} TS 50) 4 50| 25 00 e. T. s ares ae 35| 3 00] 15 50} 4 50 e. T. @ JANESVILLE ..- ----+-++-++- peace 30} 2 50) 12 40| 3 50 1. F. We. e Lexorn (agen) eee sesceeeee ; 35| 3 00] 15 50] 4 50) 25 00 m. T.r.W.| @ |/MaRr Rip.| 30) 2 50) 12 40} 3 00] 15 00 m. T. w. W.| © ad eisai weet ereaeeees Lab.| 35 3 00) 1§ OOl| 50 e. 1. @ (MILEs..-.------- Lab.| 35) 3 00) 15 oo 50| 4 50 er. @ Moore's EaRLyY..----++--+--- Lab.| 50) 4 50) 25 oo 60 6 00! 40 0a 1. W. @ Neosuo (Muench’s)....--.+.+ Mfst.| 75) 7 50 I 50115 00) Aad @ New Haven...----+++.+++++-Lad.| 40) 3 50) e. T. W. | @ |NorTHERN MuscapINe.....--Zab.| 35) 3 00) 15 00}; 50) 4 50) 25 OO e. T. w. W.| @ |NortH CAROLINA Lab.| 30 2 50| 12 001 40) 3 00} 15 00 es @ OTHELLo.... Hyb.| 50, 4 00 20 00, 60) 6 o0| 30 00 m.T. | @ |PeTeR WYLIE------+---+-+-- 26 75| 7 50 i) a m, <. 2 eet Lab| 35, 3.00, 15 00 50 5 00 m. T.r.W.| @ | : 30) 2 50) 12 50 | 40) 3 50) 18 oo m. 'T. @ ae (oper No. 28)----++ 35} 3 00) 15 OO 50) 4 50) 25 00 m. T. Rocers’ Hys.,No. S243 Be 258 35) 3.00) 15 09} | 50, 4 50) 25 00 m.T. | @ SeNASQUA.-----+-- 50} 4 50| 25 00, 60) 6 oo m. w. W. | © |TRANSPARENT Geommels) ‘i 50] 4 ee) 20 o | 60| 6 00 LZ. c) TRIUMPH F (Cueaphell’s) Hyb. 60 6 00) 35 00 |I 00| g 00) 55 co w.W. | O |Unranp (Weydemeier’s) . RK 3o| 2 50 10 08|| 40) 3 ON! 15 CO e. T. w.W. | @ |War vied Sos , 60) 6 00) 40 00 1 00110 00 e.T. | @ |Wurrenact Lab. 50} 4 50) 25 00)) 6 00 49 00 m.T.W. | © Wunpime (Rommel’s)..---- RiP ate! 20 0 ail 6 oo e.T. | @ |Wor ENG -..---+ Loh! 301 3 = 00} 4.00) no ae veo, Desirable New Grapes. Season, Size | One Year, No. i. |\Two Years, or Extra- Use. color, NAME OF VARIETY AND CLASS. e reer | Per | “Per Esc Bez | Per m. T. w. W.| @ Beauty (Rommel’s).....--.-ZLab.X%| 35) 3 00! 15 oo} 50, 4 eo) 25 00 e. T. Cy cies .. .08. BC eres lyb.| 60} 5 00 30 00) 1 oO 00| 50 00 e. T. @ Earty Vicror ...-......--.. Labr,t 00 9 00 50 00) 25 12 50) 75 00 m. T. W. | © |Erra (Rommel" 6) esc setes Rip Xt 50)15 00 100 00}||2 00 20 00) m. T. w. W.| © Grein’s GoLpEN tp. X|} 35) 3 Oo} 15 oo) 50, 4 00 25 00 m. “f. S Sihiacatoe (Rickett’s) ........ Hyd. 75| 6 09) 40 =" 00 9 00 in. T: @ jerrerson Cnet <5. 28 &' 75| 6 00 40 00)'t 00 9 oo m. £. oO Dy WasHINGTON(Rickett’s)Hyé. 65) 6 00 35 00) t C0 9 CO 50 00 e. T. w. W. | © |Mason’s SEEDLING.......-...2 75| © 00' 40 00}'r 00 9g oO m. r. Ww @® Mo moe re rig diet iat 65} 6 00! 35 OO|/I co g 00 50 00 m. T. © |Naomt (Rickett’s). - eeuess 65} 6 00, 35 90||1 00} 9 00 m2 we Wo) mel’s)... -+-FREPX.| 35} 3 00 15 OO} 50 4 00 25 OO mm. 7. 3) ee rere 63| 6 00 35 00} I 00 9g 00 50 00 e. Fc C) POC fon... ee, Lab.| 65| 6 00 35 oojr 00 50 00 ce. 5. @ | VERGENNES ....- 2020655 2 LL Lab. t 00\10 00) 75 00} f 5015 00 NOTICE TO PURCHASERS. We usually commence packing in the Spring about the 15th of ~~ ae the South we pack and ship during mild weather in winter. Pr.eaASE ORDER E Parties ordering are requested to write their orders not aa pre aca the remainder of the letter, with the name of P. O., County and State om the order, and cted. nated, we forward to the best of our judgment. Our chtahy ceases from delivery to Freight or Express Office. In no case can we be held responsible for damage cau by carelessness or delay on the part of the forwarders; claims for losses by detention should be at once made on them. 's at Dozen rates, accompanied by full remittance of amount, will be filled and the Plants sent by Mail or Express, free of postage or charges, to any part of the United States. While, asa rule, the prices quoted in this list apply i as follows : Vines, or more, of one variety, at the a $6 ee ae oe oe Sa sé We will treat all large assorted orders with due liberality. Each variety is carefully labeled; and packing done in best manner, for which a small charge is made to cover cost. If ordered in in good time, large orders can be safely _ sent by freight. Terms, CASH. Orders from parties unknown to us are to be accompanied by cash, or if sent by Express, C. O. D., the collecting charges will be added to the bill. Remit money in Drafts on N. Y., or Post-office Money Orders on St. Louis. Please order EARLY. Address, _