THE PHILIPPINE J OURNAL OF SCIENCE ALVIN J. Cox, M. A., Pu. D. GENERAL EDITOR SECTION C. BOTANY KE. D. MERRILL, M. S. EDITOR WITH THE COOPERATON OF W. H. BROWN, Pu. D.; E. B. COPELAND, Pu. D.; C. F. BAKER, A. M.; F. W. FOXWORTHY, Pu. D.; R. C. McGREGOR, A. B. VOLUME X 1915 WITH 18 PLATES AND 1 Map BUREAU OF PRINTING 1915 a * Bll ‘ | | ; | | DATES OF ISSUE j . No. 1, pages 1 to 84, April 23, 1915. No. 2, pages 85 to 158, April 28, 1915. No. 3, pages 195 to 226, July 18, 1915. | No. 4, pages 227 to 286, August 9, 1915. o No. 5, pages 287 to 350, September 18, 1915. : No. 6, pages 351, to 434, May 1, 1916. _ ii 3 ; DP mse CONTENTS No. 1, January, 1915 MERRILL, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XI................ i No. 2, March, 1915 PATOUILLARD, N. Champignons des Philippines communiqués par C. MERRILL, E. D. Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II........................-... COPELAND, E. B. Notes on Bornean ferns One plate. BOVE iin cnn sett ashes cece cove on-state pach laa aI light dag soe eed No. 3, May, 1915 MERRILL, E. D. The present status of botanical exploration of the Pg ES ae ee One map. MERRILL, E. D. Genera and species erroneously credited to the Bagby CCB gh” ae a eee MERRILL, E. D. New species of Schefflera....................... MERRILL, E. D. New species of Eugenia...................... No. 4, July, 1915 MERRILL, E. D. Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I..............00.200.0.... MERRILL, E. D. Plantae Wenzelianae, IIL.............2....22....222:cccccseceseceeeeeeee No. 5, September, 1915 MERRILL, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XII................ No. 6, November, 1915 RUNDLES, JOHN C. Studies in py NR Five plates. TEODORO, NICANOR GREGORIO. A preliminary study of Philippine LNs i.) | a menpmaes er Ss OI ui ile RS 5 145 153 159 A eS | 195 207 227 265 287 351 379 423 a THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BoTANY VoL. X JANUARY, 1915 No. 1 NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, XI By E. D. MERRILL * ; (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The eleventh paper of this series is essentially like its pred- ecessors.” It consists of the descriptions of 90 new species of Philippine plants in the families Chloranthaceae, Aristolochia- ceae, Saxifragaceae, Cunoniaceae, Leguminosae, Simarubaceae, Burseraceae, Anacardiaceae, Sabiaceae, Rhamnaceae, Elaeo- carpaceae, Begoniaceae, Ericaceae, Sapotaceae, Apocynaceae, Verbenaceae, and Gesneriaceae. About 12 previously described species are for the first time credited to the Archipelago, making the total number of additions to the Philippine flora, recorded in this paper, approximately 100. Genera recorded from the Archipelago for the first time are Aquilaria, Koompassia, Meli- lotus, Neptunia, Cymodocea, Diplanthera, Hanguana, Urceola, Vallaris, and Protium. A few reductions are made and a few changes in nomenclature are recorded as such changes have been indicated by the rules of the international code of botanical nomenclature. * Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. *New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants. Govt. Lab. (Philip.) Publ. 6 (1904) 5-18; II, 1. c. 17 (1904) 5-47; III, 1. c. 29 (1905) 5-50; IV, 1. c. 35 (1905) 5-68; V, Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 169-246; VI, 1. c. 3 (1908) Bot. 219-267; VII, 1. c. 4 (1909) 247-830; VIII, 1. c. 5 (1910) 167-257; IX, 1. c. 7 (1912) 259-857; X, 1. c. 9 (1914) 261-337. 131281 2 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 HYDROCHARITACEAE THALASSIA Solander THALASSIA HEMPRICHII (Ehrenb.) Aschers. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2° (1889) 254. Schizotheca hemprichit Ehrenb. in Abh. Akad. Berlin 1 (1832) 429. CAVILLI ISLAND, Sulu Sea, Merrill 7180, September, 1910, on coral sand, submerged at low tide; sterile specimens, det. C. H. Ostenfeld. Luzon, Manila Bay, Merrill, August, 1911, washed up on Pasay beach. Not previously recorded from the Philippines; widely distributed along the tropical shores of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. HALOPHILA Thouars HALOPHILA OVALIS (R. Br.) Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 2 (1860) 45. Caulinia ovalis R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 339. BANCORAN ISLAND, Sulu Sea, Merrill 7155, September, 1910, sterile specimens growing on coral sand in shallow water, 0.4 to 1.8 m deep at low tide, det. C. H. Ostenfeld. This species has previously been recorded from the Philippines by Naves,’ but the record has not before been verified. It is to be noted that Halophila ovalis Hook. f. is quite distinct from H. ovata Gaudich. For a consideration of the latter see Ostenfeld’s paper.‘ Widely distributed along tropical shores of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. HALOPHILA SPINULOSA (R. Br.) Aschers. in Neumayer Anleit. Wis- sensch. Beob. 368, ed. 3 (1905) 396; Benth. Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 183. Caulinia spinulosa R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 339. LuZON, Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 18875 Curran, June, 1908, sterile specimens thrown up by the waves, det. C. H. Ostenfeld. This species has previously been reported from Mindanao by Ascherson, 1. c. ed. 3, as indicated to my by Dr. Ostenfeld. Eastern and northern coasts of Australia, the Philippines, and Java. POTAMOGETONACEAE CYMODOCEA Koenig CYMODOCEA ROTUNDATA (Ehrb. & Hempr.) Asch. & Schweinf. in Sitzber. Ges. Freunde Berlin (1870) 84; Graebner in Engl. Pflan- zenreich 31 (1907) 147. Phucagrostis rotundata Ehrb. & Hempr. Symb. Phys. Bot. t. 11. CAVILLI ISLAND, Sulu Sea, Merrill 7180A, September, 1910, sterile spec- imens mixed with Thalassia hemprichiti Aschers., det. C. H. Ostenfeld. This species has already been reported from Mindanao by Graebner, lc. It extends from the shores of the Red Sea southward to Madagascar and eastward to Mindanao, Timor, and Australia. * Novis. App. (1880) 298. ‘Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 68. | x,C,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI DIPLANTHERA Thouars DIPLANTHERA UNINERVIS (Forst.) Aschers. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2’ (1897) 87; Graebner in Engl. Pflenzenreich 31 (1907) 152. Zostera uninervis Forsk. Fl]. Aeg.-Arab. (1775) 159. CAVILLI ISLAND, Sulu Sea, Merrill 7179, September, 1910, on coral sand in shallow water, usually exposed at low tide; sterile specimens det. C. H. _ Ostenfeld. Luzon, Manila Bay, on the Bataan coast, Shaw. Not previously reported from the Philippines; tropical shores from the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa to Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia. FLAGELLARIACEAE HANGUANA Blume (Susum Blume) HANGUANA MALAYANA (Jack) comb. nov. Veratrum ? malayanum Jack in Malay Miscel. 1 (1820) 25; Hook. Bot. Miscel. 2 (1881) 74. Hanguana kassintu Blume Enum. Pl. Jav. (1827) 15, ed. 2 (1830) 15; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 3 (1857) 248. Susum malayanum Planch ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 (1892) 391; Ridl. Mater. Fl. Malay. Penin. 2 (1907) 182. Veratonia malayana Mia. FI. Ind. Bat. 3 (1857) 553. PALAWAN, Malampaya Bay, Merrill 7221, September, 1910. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Hinatuan, Piper 529, May, 1911. There seems to be very little doubt as to the identity of Veratrum mala- yanum Jack and Hanguana kassintu Blume, and as Blume’s generic name Hanguana has three years priority over his generic name Susum, it is here adopted. The case is not covered by the lists of nomina conservanda adopted by the Vienna or the Brussels botanical congress. The genus has previously not been reported from the Philippines. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. CHLORANTHACEAE CHLORANTHUS Linnaeus CHLORANTHUS VERTICILLATUS sp. nov. Herba erecta, ramulis subtus foliisque ad nervos plus minusve furfuraceo-pubescentibus; foliis membranaceis, breviter petio- latis, verticillatis, ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis vel elliptico-obovatis, acuminatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, utrinque angustatis, margine distincte acute apiculato-serrulatis; spicis 1 vel 2, 2 ad 3 cm longis, pedunculo elongato; squamis antheriferis 3-partitis, lobis inaequalibus, intermedia 4 mm longa. An erect, apparently branched herb, the younger branchlets, the lower surfaces of the leaves on the veins and reticulations, _and to a lesser degree the inflorescence more or less furfuraceous- pubescent. Leaves verticillate at the apices of the branchlets, in whorls of 4, membranaceous, ovate to elliptic-ovate or elliptic- 4 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 obovate, about equally narrowed to the slenderly acuminate apex and to the acute base, 8 to 10 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, the margins prominently and acutely apiculate-serrate except in the lower 1 cm and the margins of the acumen which are entire; nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles furfuraceous-pubescent, about 2 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, slightly pubescent, solitary, including the peduncle up to 13 cm in length, each bearing one or two, rather many flowered, 2 to 3 em long spikes. Flewers white, the bract orbicular-ovate, irregularly toothed, 1.7 to 2 mm long, rounded. Pistillate flower: Ovary narrowly ovoid, somewhat narrowed at both ends, about 2 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flowers: Antheriferous scale 3-partite, the lobes ob- long, rounded, the central one about 4 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, bearing an oblong, 1.2 mm long, 2-celled anther, the lateral lobes about as wide, one-half as long, each bearing a 1-celled anther. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19757 McGregor, February, 1913. Probably as closely allied to Chloranthus henryi Hemsl. as to any other species. It is distinguished, however, by its pubescent branchlets and lower surfaces of its smaller leaves, its inflorescence reduced to 1 or 2 spikes, and its smaller flowers. From its closest Philippine ally, C. philip- pinensis Merr., it differs in its much smaller, pubescent, shortly petioled leaves, and its larger flowers. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE ARISTOLOCHIA Linnaeus ARISTOLOCHIA LEYTENSIS sp. nov. Species A. tagala et A. mindanaensis similis et affinis, differt floribus multo majoribus, usque ad 8.5 cm longis. A slender vine, nearly glabrous, the branches brownish when dry, glabrous, deeply sulcate. Leaves ovate, membranaceous, glabrous, of about the same color on both surfaces, somewhat shining, 14 to 17 cm long, 8 to 10 cm wide, entire, the apex acuminate, the base deeply and prominently cordate, the sinus about 2 cm deep, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, often obovate, the basal lobes rounded; basal nerves 3, the lateral pair soon forked, and its lower branches soon forked again, the lateral nerves above the base about 3 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the re- ticulations very lax; petioles 4 to 7 cm long, glabrous. Racemes axillary, solitary, the rachis slender, slightly pubescent, about 3 em long, each raceme bearing about 6 flowers, not all de- veloping at one time, each flower subtended by an ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate, slightly pubescent bract, the pedicels minutely . es ee a ee ere ae Ei bacte2 gies 1 gh x%,¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 5 pubescent, 7 to 10 mm long. Ovary somewhat clavate, about 8 mm long, the tube constricted for 4 mm above the ovary, then inflated, the larger portion of the tube about 3 cm long, swollen at the base, then constricted, and again enlarged and somewhat funnel-shaped, the lip narrowly lanceolate, glabrous, gradually narrowed upward to the slenderly acuminate apex, 5 to 6 cm long, about 5 mm wide. _ Leytg, near Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15201 Ramos, August, 1912, in thickets along streams. _ A species with much the same vegetative characters as Aristolochia tagala Cham., and A. mindanaensis Warb., the leaves being very similar in all three species. Aristolochia leytensis is, however, entirely distinct from both the above in its much larger flowers. SAXIFRAGACEAE CURRANIODENDRON Merrill CURRANIODENDRON APOENSE (Elm.) comb. nov. Dedea apoensis Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 682 (August 8). Curraniodendron dedeaeoides Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 177 (August 19). This characteristic species was approximately simultaneously described by Mr. Elmer and by myself, but Mr. Elmer’s publication of the species under Dedea antedates my own publication of the new genus and species Curraniodendron dedeaeoides by about ten days. I have reéxamined the material and am still of the opinion that the plant is worthy of being considered the type of a distinct genus, although as previously indicated, very similar to, and manifestly closely allied to the New Caledonian genus Dedea Baill. The question for the future monographer to decide is whether or not the resinous, not lepidote vegetative parts, the difference in number in floral parts, and the very decided difference in the number of ovules constitute sufficiently valid generic differences. The species is represented by the following material: NEGROs, Mount Marapara, For. Bur. 13684 Curran & Foxworthy. LEYTE, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15288 Ramos. MINDANAO, Mount Apo, Elmer 11524, 10627. POLYOSMA Blume POLYOSMA LAGUNENSIS sp. nov. Species P. philippinensis affinis, differt foliis subtus ad nervos adpresse hirsutis, nervis magis numerosis, floribus minoribus. A small tree 5 to 8 m high, the older branches terete, light- gray or pale-brownish, the younger branchlets and inflorescences rather densely pubescent with pale-fulvous, short, appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, mostly oblong to obovate-oblong, char- taceous, 8 to 14 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, narrowed above to the abruptly, slenderly, and sharply acuminate apex, the acumen somewhat apiculate, and below to the cuneate base, entire or ee OEE EE ST xe A a Napad PAR oF sri Paes epee Sets se cE aS , She aR Ns F Meda hy, a oS aS DO Be oe od oe a aa a ea Mes atta ieee 5 lh ma el a a 9 rir AZ 6 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 with minute, scattered teeth opposite the ends of some of the nerves, the upper surface, when dry, dark brownish-olivaceous, slightly shining, smooth, glabrous, the lower surface paler, ap- pressed hirsute with fulvous hairs on the midrib and lateral nerves ; lateral nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles fulvous-pubescent, 2 to 2.5 cm long, in age be- coming nearly glabrous. Racemes terminal, many flowered, soli- tary, 10 to 14 cm long, densely hirsute with short, fulvous hairs. Flowers white, somewhat crowded, their pedicels 3 mm long, the bracteoles usually 8, lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 2.3 mm long. Calyx hirsute, 2 to 2.5 mm long, the lobes lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, 0.8 mm long. Petals 4, linear-lanceolate, 8 to 9 mm long, about 2 mm wide at the base, narrowed upward to the acute apex, prominently 5-nerved, the nerves dark-colored, out- side hirsute. Filaments flattened, hirsute inside, about 4 mm long; anthers linear, narrower than the filaments, 3 mm long. Style glabrous, 8 mm long. Fruit subglobose, not rugose, sparingly pubescent, 7 to 8 mm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Laguna, near San Antonio and Paete, Bur. Sci. 2893 (type), 14960, 10056 Ramos, For. Bur. 1185 Curran, flowering in February and March, fruiting June and July. A species manifestly closely allied to Polyosma philippinensis Merr., from which it differs in its smaller flowers, and its more numerously nerved leaves which are appressed-pubescent on the midrib and nerves on the lower surface, not glabrous. Another close ally appears to be the recently described Polyosma gitingensis Elm., which, however, has gia- brous leaves, even smaller flowers, and much larger bracteoles. POLYOSMA LINEARIBRACTEA sp. nov. Arbor, omnibus partibus plus minusve pubescentibus vel hir- sutis; foliis crasse coriaceis, oppositis, oblongis, usque ad 17 cm longis, utrinque acutis, apice mucronatis, margine grosse dis- tanter serratis; nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus valde prom- inentibus; racemis terminalibus, solitariis, circiter 15 cm longis; fioribus circiter 2.4 cm longis, bracteolis linearis, elongatis, 8 ad 12 mm longis. A tree said by the collector to be 20 m high, the branches terete, dark-brown, glabrous, the younger branchlets, the leaves, and the inflorescence more or less densely hirsute with grayish- brown hairs. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong, 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, narrowed about equally to the acute base and apex, the apex also mucronate, the upper surface, when young, appressed-hirsute, in age becoming glabrous, shining, greenish- olivaceous, the lower surface paler, rather prominently hirsute Pe a ee teeth ee ocuding to the lateral nerves; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing, very prom- inent on the lower surface, the reticulations lax, prominent; petioles 2 to 3 cm long, hirsute, becoming nearly glabrous. Ra- cemes terminal, solitary, about 15 cm long, densely hirsute, the rachis rather stout. Flowers pale-lavender, about 30 in each raceme, their densely hirsute pedicels about 4 mm long, the bracteoles 3 at the apices of the pedicels, linear, hirsute, the two lateral ones 8 to 9 mm long, 0.5 mm wide or less, the middle one up to 12 mm long and a little wider than the lateral ones. Calyx somewhat hirsute, including the lanceolate, acuminate calyx-teeth about 6 mm long. Petals 4, about 2.5 cm long, 2.2 mm wide, scarcely narrowed upward, with about 4, dark- colored nerves, hirsute, the apex thickened. Filaments slender, scarcely flattened, 8 to 9 mm long, sparingly pubescent; anthers linear, about as wide as the filament, obtuse, 6 to 7 mm long: Style about 1.7 cm long, slender. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19656 McGregor, February, 1913. A most striking species, at once distinguished from all known Philip- pine forms by its large flowers and very prominent, linear, elongated bracteoles. CUNONIACEAE WEINMANNIA Linnaeus WEINMANNIA LUCIDA sp. nov. § Leiospermum. Arbor circiter 10 m alta inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis 3- vel 5-foliolatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, foliolis subcoriaceis, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate brunneis, utrinque valde nitidis, longe acuminatis, basi acutis, margine distanter crenato-serratis, reticulis laxis, haud prominentibus; racemis multifloris, folia subaequantibus, pubescentibus; floribus 4-meris, sepalis caducis. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous maoent the inflorescence. Branches grayish, terete, the younger parts brownish. Leaves opposite, 9 to 15 cm long, the rachis and petiole quite glabrous; leaflets 3 or 5, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, strongly shining, brownish and of the same color on both sur- faces when dry, 5 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 4 cm wide, the apex slenderly acuminate, the acumen blunt, the base acute, the margins slightly and distantly crenate-serrate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, Sick niet ata pn ae deo cota a tae ia ee a Ra Raa a Mos lie Baa a & The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 the reticulations lax, slender, rather obscure; petiolules of the lateral leaflets 2 to 3 mm long, that of the terminal one much longer. Inflorescence in the upper axils and subterminal, uni- formly pubescent with short, rather closely arranged hairs, the common peduncles thick, flattened, about 5 mm long, each bear- ing at its apex 4 elongated racemes arranged in one plane; racemes up to 10 cm long, many-flowered. Flowers 4-merous, their pedicels slender, pubescent, 2.5 to 3 mm long, solitary or somewhat fascicled along the rachis. Sepals oblong, obtuse or subacute, 0.8 mm long, deciduous, leaving in fruit a disk- like base nearly 1 mm in diameter and bearing 8 marginal! glands. Petals elliptic, rounded, about 1.2 mm long. Stamens 8; filaments 1 to 1.2 mm long; anthers heart-shaped, 0.8 mm long. Capsules oblong, narrowed at both ends, the base acute, apex acuminate, 4 to 5 mm long including the two styles, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, uniformly pubescent with scattered, short hairs, the styles 1 to 1.5 mm long. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Dahican, in forests along the river, Phil. Pl. 1109 Ramos, September 17, 1912. A species manifestly allied to Weinmannia luzoniensis Vid., from which it differs in its entirely glabrous leaves, but more especially in its much narrower, differently shaped leaflets which are only slightly toothed, strongly shining on both surfaces, and with slender, laxly arranged veins and reticulations. Several of the Philippine representatives of this genus find their closest allies (§ Leiospermum) in Polynesia, not in the Malayan region. LEGUMINOSAE ALBIZZIA Durazzini ALBIZZIA MYRIANTHA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis bipinnatis, circiter 35 cm longis, petiolo basi supra 1-guanduloso, rhachibus glandulis 2 vel 3 instructis; pinnis circiter 10 utrinque, 10 ad 14 cm longis; foliolis circiter 30 utrinque, oblongis, equi- lateralibus, basi obtusis, apice rotundatis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, costa centralis; inflorescentiis axillaribus folia aequantibus, racemoso-paniculatis; floribus numerosis, albido-viridis, pedicel- latis, ad apices ramulorum racemoso-capitatis. A tree about 20 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches subterete, very dark-colored when dry, slightly lenti- cellate. Leaves bipinnate, about 35 cm long, the petiole with a large gland near the base, the rachis with 2 or 3 smaller glands in the upper part; pinnae about 10 on each side of the rachis, opposite, the secondary rachises with glands in the upper one-half, 10 to 14 cm long; leaflets opposite, about 30 pairs on ee ee a) x.¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworth Philippine Plants, XI 9 each pinna, oblong, chartaceous _{ to 1.8 cm long, 5 to 7 mm wide, equilateral, the midrib cr al, apex rounded, base obtuse or rounded the lateral nerves abu + 6 on each side of the midrib, indistinct, the upper surface olivaceous, shining when dry, the lower paler. Panicles in the upper axils, usually one in each axil, as long as the leaves, narrow, the whole forming a ter- minal leafy inflorescence, sparingly fulvous-pubescent; primary branches confined to the upper 10 cm, spreading, solitary or fascicled, scattered below, rather crowded toward the apices, 5 cm long or less, each branch bearing near its apex numerous, racemose-capitate, greenish-white flowers, the heads, including the anthers, about 3 cm in diameter. Pedicels about 2 mm long, appressed-pubescent with short fulvous hairs. Calyx nar- rowly funnel-shaped, about 4 mm long, sharply 5-toothed, densely appressed fulvous pubescent. Corolla narrowly funnel-shaped, twice as long as the calyx, 5-lobed, the lobes 2 mm long or less, oblong, acute; stamens long-exserted. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9259, May 15, 1918, in forests near the sea and slightly above sea level. A very characteristic species apparently most closely allied to Albizzia pedicellata Baker, of the Malay Peninsula. PARKIA R. Brown PARKIA SHERFESEEI sp. nov. Arbor alta, plus minusve ferrugineo-pubesecentibus; foliis cir- citer 50 cm longis; pinnis 8- ad 12-jugatis, inferioribus bre- vioribus; foliolis 1l- ad 16-jugatis, oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, 1 cm latis, sessilibus, basi subtruncatis, apice rotundatis vel leviter inaequilateraliter retusis; pedunculis usque ad 30 cm longis, inflorescentiis junioribus obovoideis, dense fer- rugineo-pubescentibus. A tree reaching a height of 27 meters, the trunk 1.2 m in diameter, the young branchlets, rachis, secondary rachises, pe- duncles and inflorescence rather prominently ferruginous-pubes- cent with short hairs. Leaves up to 50 cm long, the pinnae 8 to 12 pairs, the lower ones about 10 cm long, the intermediate and upper ones up to 16 cm long; leaflets coriaceous, rather pale when dry, oblong, up to 2.5 cm long, and 1 cm wide, sessile, base rounded-truncate, inequilateral, apex rounded or somewhat inequilaterally retuse, the lateral nerves slender, anastomosing, indistinct. Peduncles up to 30 cm long, the inflorescence (in bud) obovoid or pyriform, rather abruptly contracted below _ the middle, 4 to 5 cm long, about 2.5 cm in diameter, the bract- eoles densely imbricate, spatulate, about 7 mm long, glabrous sear taset ds Seay Ne ed Me od ee wee ey ‘ St ee earch cky 10 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 except the upper exposed portion which is densely ferruginous- pubescent. Calyx about 7 mm long, the tube glabrous, the lobes densely pubescent. MINDANAO, Agusan Subprovince, near Butuan, For. Bur. 21962 Sher- fesee, Cenabre, & Ponce, May 22, 1914, along nipa swamps at sea level, locally known as cunding. A very characteristic species, recognizable at once by its ferruginous indumentum, its very dense inflorescences, and its unusually large leaflets. PITHECOLOBIUM Martius PITHECOLOBIUM CAULOSTACHYUM sp. nov. Arbor 5 ad 10 m alta, subglabra; foliis bijugatis, circiter 20 cm longis, pinnis 6-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 9; paniculis parce breviter hir- sutis, paucifloris, usque ad 5 cm longis, plerumque fasciculatis, caulinis et in ramis vetustioribus, corolla circiter 5 mm longa. A tree 5 to 10 m high, the panicles mostly fascicled on the trunk and larger branches. Branchlets slender, grayish-brown, glabrous, the younger ones somewhat puberulent. Leaves 1- jugate, about 20 cm long, the rachis 2 to 3 cm long, slightly puberulent, usually with two prominent glands, one between the pinnae, and one at the upper two-thirds; pinnae with 6- leaflets opposite, the lower subalternate, rachis puberulent, with one gland between each of the two upper pairs of petiolules and usually one gland below the lowermost leaflet. Leaflets chartaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, dark-brownish when dry, shining, glabrous, the apex rather slenderly and sharply acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, slender, anas- tomosing; petiolules 2 mm long or less, puberulent, becoming glabrous. Panicles fascicled, mostly on the trunk and larger branches, occasionally a few on the ultimate branchlets, 5 cm long or less, few-flowered, sparingly hirsute with short hairs. Flowers white, two or three subcapitately disposed at the tip of each ultimate branchlet, the subtending bracteoles narrow, about 1 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, about 1.5 mm long, gla- brous or nearly so, the teeth short, acute. Corolla campanulate, about 5 mm long, the tube 2.5 mm long, the lobes as long as the tube, recurved, oblong, obtuse or subacute. Stamens about 25, the free portions of the filaments about 1 cm long, the lower 2 to 3 mm united into a tube. Ovary glabrous, oblong- cylindric, 2 mm long; style slender, about 13 mm long. ss ”) en ne if ate say at ak cx eo ese se apa x,C,1 Merrill: New or r Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 11 Samar, Mount Cauayan, Phil. Pl. 1637 Ramos, April, 1914, on forested slopes. The most striking character of this species is its cauline inflorescence. It is manifestly allied to Pithecolobium pauciflorum Benth., but differs - not only in the disposition of its inflorescences, but in its very differently shaped, more numerously nerved leaflets. In vegetative characters it closely resembles Pithzcolobium bigeminum Benth. as represented by Thwaites C. P. 644. PITHECOLOBIUM MULTIFLORUM sp. nov. Arbor 6 or 8 m alta partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque plus minusve ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis circiter 40 cm longis, bijugatis, pinnis inferioribus 4-foliolatis, superioribus 8-foliolatis, foliolis subcoriaceis, oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, subtus prominentibus ; paniculis terminalibus, quam folia longioribus, e basi ramosis, multifloris; floribus subcapitatis, capitulis 4- vel 5-floris, in ramulis plus minusve confertis, petalis fere liberis. A tree 6 to 8 m high, closely allied to Pithecolobiwm ellipticum Hassk., the branches dark-colored when dry, glabrous or nearly so, the branchlets sparingly brown-pubescent with short hairs, the primary and secondary rachises of the leaves and the in- florescence with similar hairs, the younger parts of the inflores- cence densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves about 40 cm long, evenly 2-jugate, the rachis about 10 cm long, with a single very large and prominent gland about 1.5 cm above the base, none between the pinnae; lower pinnae 2-jugate, the rachis about 3.5 em long, with a gland between the petioles of the distal leaflets; upper pinnae 4-jugate, about 30 cm long, with a large gland between the upper two pairs of petiolules, the lower two leaflets alternate, the others opposite. Leaflets subcoriaceous, oblong to rather broadly oblong-lanceolate, entirely glabrous, shining, brownish-olivaceous, the lateral ones somewhat falcate or inequilateral, shortly and bluntly acuminate, base acute to somewhat rounded, or at least rounded on one side of the petio- lule, the lower ones smaller than the upper, 8 to 14 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petiolules about 5 mm long. Panicles term- inal, ample, many-flowered, branched from or near the base, as long as or longer than the leaves, the lower branches up to 40 cm in length, the secondary branches in the upper two-thirds. Flowers in small heads on the ultimate branchlets, the heads 4- or 5-flowered, often crowded, the subtending bracteoles ovate, about 1 mm long. Calyx brown, about 3 mm long, rather re en te a aa At See co aa Sky a ce A eaten sy: ea ie ee ab 1S PS) iS las 12 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 densely appressed-pubescent with short, shining, tawny hairs, the teeth broad, subacute, 0.5 mm long. Corolla and stamens straw-colored, the petals free quite to the base or merely slightly connate below, about 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, acute or obtuse, pubescent externally. Stamens indefinite, the filaments at least 1 cm long, the lower 2 mm united into a tube. Pods unknown. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, railroad grade west of Baguio, Phil. Pi. 1779 Merrill May, 1914, in ravines along small streams, altitude about 1,300 meters. . A species manifestly closely allied to Pithecolobium ellipticum Hassk., from which its differs in its very differently shaped, smaller, more numer- ously nerved leaflets, its petals free or nearly so, and other characters; the duplicates were erroneously distributed as Pithecolobium platycarpum Merr., to which species the present form is not closely allied. NEPTUNIA Loureiro NEPTUNIA OLERACEA Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 654. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Bunauan, FE. H. Taylor, September, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. This species was credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar,’ but was excluded by me* as at the time I revised the Philippine Leguminosae as F.-Villar’s record was based on Cuming 2852, which was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. Taylor’s specimen is the first collection of the species in the Philippines. KOOMPASSIA Maingay KOOMPASSIA EXCELSA (Becc.) Taubert in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflan- zenfam. 3° (1891) 156; Bericht Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10 (1892) 641, t. $2, f. 1-9. Abauria excelsa Becc. Malesia 1 (1877) 169; Nelle Foreste di Borneo (1902) 172, f. 34. PALAWAN, Alphonso III, For. Bur. 21580 Danao, May 10, 1914, in forests, altitude about 20 meters, flowers fragrant, light-yellow, locally known by the Tagbanuas as manggis. Beccari proposed the genus Abauria for this plant, but Taubert has reduced it to Koompassia, although the fruits are not definitely known. The Palawan specimen is manifestly identical with the Bornean species, agreeing in all essentials with Beccari’s description and figure, and with a Sarawak specimen, Foxworthy 334, collected under the native name tapang, the same native name cited by Beccari. Dr. Foxworthy’s spec- imen is sterile, but with it is a detached fruit, picked up from the ground, which may or may not belong to the species; this fruit is the characteristic winged one of Koompassia, strongly resembling that of Koompassia bvec- cariana Taubert. A very interesting addition to the few known species confined to the Philippines and Borneo, most of which are not found in the Philippines proper but in Palawan and in the Sulu Archipelago. * Novis. App. (1880) 73. *Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 136. «) eo? oo i. eee x.¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 18 CYNOMETRA Linnaeus CYNOMETRA COPELANDII (Elm.) comb. nov. Gleditschia copelandii Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1910) 695. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12284, April, 1910 (type number). The species is in all essential characters a member of the Cynometreae- Caesalpinioideae, not of the Hucaesalpineae. It is anomalous in Cyno- metra in that the ovules are solitary. The species is an exceedingly characteristic one, notably in its leaf-characters. BAUHINIA Linnaeus BAUHINIA PAUCIFLORA sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex scandens infiorescentiis exceptis glaber vel subtus foliis ad nervos parce pubescentibus; foliis oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, 9- vel 11-nerviis, basi cordatis, 2-lobatis, lobis vix ad medium coalitis, oblongis, obtusis, racemis terminalibus, pauci- floris, floribus magnis, calycis tubo elongatis, angustis, 2 ad 2.5 cm longis, petalis oblongo-obovatis, 4 ad 4.5 cm longis. A scandent shrub, nearly glabrous except the brown-pubescent inflorescence, the branches terete, brownish, glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong-ovate, 8 to 10 cm long, 4.5 to 6 cm wide, char- taceous, the upper surface olivaceous, shining, the lower a little paler, shining, often with few short hairs on the nerves, the base distinctly cordate, 2-lobed, the lobes oblong, obtuse, extend- ing about two-thirds to the base, the midrib of the leaf excurrent as a slender, acicular, 4 mm long awn; nerves 9 to 11, prominent; petioles slender, 3 to 4 cm long. Racemes terminal, few flowered, pubescent with short brown hairs, the rachis and pe- duncle 10 cm long or less. Flowers on the type two or three in each raceme, their pedicels pubescent, 2 cm long, the subtending bracteoles ovate, pubescent, about 5 mm long. Calyx- tube cylindric, 2 to 2.5 cm long, 3 mm in diameter, brown- pubescent, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent externally, 2.5 to 3 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, the limb, in bud, ovoid-oblong, about 2 cm in length. Petals oblong-obovate, obtuse, glabrous, white or somewhat yellowish, narrowed to the short claws. Fer- tile stamens 3, the anthers oblong, 1 cm in length. Ovary pubes- cent with appressed, brown, deciduous hairs; style glabrous. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Dap-Dap Point, Bur. Sci. 18113 Fox- worthy & Ramos, March, 1911, in forests. A well marked species manifestly allied to Bawhinia warburgii Perk., but with very differently shaped leaves, the lobes much narrower. CANAVALIA DeCandolle CANAVALIA MACROBOTRYS sp. nov. _ Scandens, racemis obscure pubescentibus exceptis glabra; _ foliolis chartaceis, ovatis, prominente acute acuminatis, basi 14 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 rotundatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, sub- tus prominentibus; racemis axillaribus, circiter 70 cm longis; floribus roseis, 3 cm longis, breviter pedicellatis. A scandent apparently herbaceous plant, glabrous except the slightly pubescent inflorescence, the branches slender, terete, greenish-straw-colored when dry. Petioles about 7 cm long, the rachis extended 3 to 4 cm above the insertion of the lateral leaflets. Leaflets ovate, chartaceous, 12 to 14 cm long, about 7.5 cm wide, olivaceous and shining when dry, apex rather slenderly and prominently acuminate, the acumen apiculate, base rounded, the central leaflet equilateral, the lateral ones somewhat inequilateral; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface; petiolules about 7 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, about 70 cm long, the lower 25 to 80 cm without flowers, the rest with prominent alternate nodes, flowering in sequence from the base upward, the flowers below falling, persisting only in the apical part. Flowers pink, about 3 cm long, short-pedicelled, the calyx about 1.5 cm long, the upper lip cleft, very much larger than the lower lip. Standard about 2.5 em wide, retuse. Samar, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17517 Ramos, March 14, 1914. A species strongly characterized by its rather slenderly acuminate, prominently nerved leaflets and especially by its greatly elongated racemes" which reach a length of at least 70 cm. , KUNSTLERIA Prain KUNSTLERIA ATRO-VIOLACEA (Elm.) comb. nov. Derris atro-violacea Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1918) 1798. The type is Elmer 18105, from Palawan, in flower, April, 1911. Al- though the fruits are unknown I do not hesitate to transfer the species to Kunstleria. DALBERGIA Linnaeus f. DALBERGIA SUBALTERNIFOLIA (Elm.) comb. nov. Derris subalternifolia Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1918) 1801. The type is Elmer 12965 from Palawan, in flower, April, 1911, and is in all respects a Dalbergia, not a Derris. It seems to be allied to Dal- bergia densa Benth. which extends from Amboina and New Guinea to Australia, and may not prove to be distinct from Bentham’s species. Elmer’s specimen has 3-foliolate leaflets which are distinctly coriaceous; Merrill 9345, from Palawan, which is probably referable to the same species, however, has much thinner leaflets varying in number from 2 to 5. DALBERGIA RETICULATA sp. nov. § Sissoa, Podiopetalum. Frutex scandens, subglaber; foliis circiter 10 cm longis, 5- ad 7-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, late elliptico-ovatis, vel late ellip- Ps. ae Me alte eh AP a ted ies Sit sy al aan ‘= - x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 15 ticis, rotundatis vel leviter retusis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, racemosis, brevibus, paucifloris; stami- nibus monadelphis; leguminibus anguste oblongis, membrana- ceis, samaroideis, circiter 7 cm longis, 1.3 ad 2 cm latis, omnibus partibus valde reticulatis; seminibus 1 vel 2. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the somewhat pubescent inflorescence and the leaflets which are very sparingly pubescent ‘on the lower surface. Branches brownish, wrinkled when dry, lenticellate. Leaves alternate, about 10 cm long, each with from 5 to 7 leaflets, the leaflets opposite or alternate, membranaceous or chartaceous, broadly elliptic-ovate to broadly elliptic, some- what brownish when dry, lower surface a little paler than the upper, rounded at both ends or the apex slightly retuse, the lower surface with few, scattered, brownish, very short hairs, the upper surface glabrous; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent; petiolules 2 to 3 mm long. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, solitary, few-flowered, the racemes sparingly pubescent, 2.5 to 4 cm long. Calyx spar- ingly pubescent, about 3.5 mm long. Wings about 6 mm long, the lamina about 3 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, obtuse or rounded, base acute on one side, rounded on the other, the claw very slender, as long as the lamina; standard and keel not seen. Stamens all united into a sheath split down one side to the base. Pods narrowly oblong, membranaceous, about 7 cm long, 1.3 to 2 cm wide, apex rounded and minutely apiculate, base some- what decurrent and with a slender stalk about 8 mm long, all parts of the valves prominently and rather laxly reticulate; seeds one or two, central, immature. _ Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 21406 Villamil, April 20, 1914, in forests along the Molauin trail beyond the hot springs, altitude about 500 meters. A very characteristic species, anomalous in the genus in its racemose inflorescence, and further characterized by its very thin, prominently reticulate pods. The specimen is with immature fruits, but portions of the flower were found on one raceme, leaving very little doubt as to the correctness of the genus and section. MELILOTUS Tournefort MELILOTUS INDICA (Linn.) All. Fl. Ped. 1 (1785) 308. Trifolium melilotus-indica Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 765. _ Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Merrill 9700, May, 1914, dis- turbed soil along the railroad grade, also as a weed in the Forestry nursery. A plant of wide distribution, recently introduced into the Philippines. 16 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 STRONGYLODON Vogel STRONGYLODON PAUCINERVIS sp. nov. Frutex scandens glaber; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, ovatis, obscure latissime obtuse acuminatis, usque ad 12 cm lengis, nervis utrinque circiter 5; racemis ut videtur caulinis, fasciculatis, circiter 20 cm longis, multifloris, floribus azureo- violaceis ad nodos leviter elongatis subracemose dispositis, cur- vatis, circiter 3 cm longis. A scandent glabrous vine of large size, the branchlets terete, brownish, 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Leaves 3-foliolate, their pe- tioles 6 to 9 cm long, the stipules oblong, obtuse, strongly nerved, about 4 mm long, deciduous, the stipels linear, about 3 mm long; leaflets chartaceous, the terminal one equilateral, the lateral ones strongly inequilateral, ovate, 10 to 12 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, obscurely, very broadly, and bluntly acuminate, base rounded, shining, subolivaceous; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petiolules about 8 mm long. Racemes ap- parently from the trunk, at least three in a fascicle, about 20 cm long, many flowered, the peduncles 4 to 6 cm long. Flowers bluish-violet, about 3 cm long, corolla upcurved at nearly right angles at about the middle, in bud nearly straight or only slightly falcate, the nodes produced as short, about 5 mm long, branchlets, the flowers racemosely arranged on the produced nodes. Pedicels 1 cm long or less. Calyx cup-shaped, about 6 mm long, margins wavy. Standard about 3 cm long, when spread nearly 2 cm wide, curved upward at about the middle, rostrate-acuminate. Wings slightly falcate, the claw about 8 mm long, the lamina oblong, rounded, 1.5 cm long, 6 mm wide. Keel strongly curved upward, 4 cm long, when spread 2 cm wide, rostrate-acuminate. Ovary long stipitate, the ovules about 5. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18858 McGregor, June 22, 1914, a very large vine in forests, altitude about 300 meters. Among the Philippine species with short racemes well characterized by its fascicled racemes, its produced nodes, its numerous flowers, and its few-nerved leaflets. STRONGYLODON MEGAPHYLLUS sp. nov. Scandens, ramulis junioribus exceptis glaber; foliolis oblongo- ovatis, coriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, usque ad 28 cm longis, basi subacutis, apice obtusis vel retusis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, subtus prominentibus; inflorescentiis angustissime paniculatis, 30 ad 40 cm longis, ut videtur multifloris; floribus azureo- violaceis, 5 vel 6 cm longis. A scandent plant, apparently of large size, quite glabrous x.¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 17 except the young branchlets which are more or less appressed- pubescent, the branches brown, terete, 4 to 5 mm in diameter. Leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets oblong-ovate, coriaceous, brown and shining when dry, glabrous, 20 to 28 cm long, 9 to 16 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute or subacute base and to the blunt or somewhat retuse apex, equilateral, the lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the petioles about 1 cm long. Racemes 30 to 40 cm long, apparently many-flowered, narrowly paniculate, flower bearing in the upper two-thirds, the branchlets from the nodes 1 to 1.5 cm long, each bearing several flowers, judging from the scars of fallen pedicels. Pedicels 1.5 to 2 cm long. Calyx about 1 cm long, nearly 1 cm in diameter, truncate, the upper side somewhat gibbous. Corolla blue-violet in color, very strongly recurved. Standard about 5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, very sharply bent upward and backward from the mouth of the calyx, acuminate, pubescent inside in the median portion below, auriculate at the sharp curve inside; wings strongly faleate-curved, their claws 1.5 cm long, the lamina 2.5 cm long, 1 ecm wide, obtuse, one side auriculate at the base. Keel very strongly recurved, when straightened out about 7 cm long, long- acuminate, rostate. Fruit apparently fleshy, when dry falcate- ovoid, about 5 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter, not compressed, beaked at the apex, contracted at the base into a short stipe. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Montalban, Loher 5935, April 15, 1906. The most strongly marked species known from the Philippines, at once recognizable by its unusually large leaflets, its large flowers, and the nodes of the racemes produced as slender branchlets up to 1.5 cm in length, making the inflorescence a narrow panicle rather than a true raceme. LUZONIA Elmer LUZONIA PURPUREA Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 220. This genus and species were described from flowering specimens. The fruits are fleshy, oblong to oblong-obovoid in outline, when fresh some- what fleshy, cylindric, not at all compressed, about 12 cm long, 5.5 cm thick, smooth, shining, purple, short-apiculate at the apex, the valves very thick, apparently tardily dehiscent, firm, fleshy, greenish-white in color, 1 to 1.5 cm thick; sutures not prominent. Seeds usually 4 in each pod, ellipsoid, about 3 cm long and 2 cm thick. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pacdal, Merrill 9685, May, 1914. MILLETTIA Wight & Arnott ' MILLETTIA BRACHYCARPA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 7 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis circiter 20 cm longis, imparipinnatis, foliolis circiter 7, oblongo- ovatis, subcoriaceis, breviter acuminatis, usque ad 13 cm longis; 131281 2 - “i : ; oe Ed Fig ods A Rais tea ae ae as a Bote ere Se x oe eee 18 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 floribus ignotis, racemis axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 10 cm a longis; leguminibus 1-spermis, oblongo-ellipticis, 6 cm longis, 3 x cm latis, 1 cm crassis, utrinque angustatis, basi acutis, apice a rostrato-acuminatis, valvis lignosis. ‘ A tree about 7 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Sy Branches terete, lenticellate, grayish or reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, the petiole and rachis 10 to 12 cm long; leaflets usually 7, subcoriaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 18 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, the apex shortly and obtusely a acuminate, the base usually rounded, equilateral or somewhat = inequilateral, the upper surface brownish-olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower paler; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petiolules 5 to 8 mm long. Flowers not known, the persistent rachises of the racemes axillary, soli- tary, thickened, somewhat pubescent, with numerous thickened protuberances. Pods brown when dry, oblong-elliptic, 1-seeded, woody, about 6 cm long, 3 cm wide, and at least 1 cm thick, narrowed below to the acute base and above to the rostrate- 3 acuminate apex, glabrous, the corners rounded, not angled, the valves woody, shining, smooth. Seed solitary, subelliptic, some- what narrowed to the rounded ends, about 3.5 cm long, 2.3 om wide, and nearly 1 cm thick. PALAWAN, Silanga, in deserted clearings on slopes, Merrill 9578, May 24, 1913. A species well characterized by its very thick, woody, 1-seeded pods. 4 CROTALARIA Linnaeus CROTALARIA ORIXENSIS Willd in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr. 4 (1808) 217; Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2 (1876) 83. Luzon, Manila, Bur. Sci. 19145 Guerrero, December, 1912, in waste 4 places, certainly of recent introduction. * For the identification of the above specimen I am indebted to Sir D. os Prain, director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, to whom a specimen was sent. The species is of wide distribution in British India (Western Peninsula), in Abyssinia, and is reported from tropical Africa. It is undoubtedly a recent introduction in the Philippines. SIMARUBACEAE BRUCEA J. S. Miller 4 BRUCEA AMARISSIMA (Lour.) comb. nov. Gonus amarissimus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 658. Brucea sumatrana Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 12, Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, . G 1 (1832) 449; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 521; Lecomte Fl. | Gén. Indo-Chine 1 (1911) 698. This widely distributed Indo-Malayan species is apparently quite common in the southern Philippines, and is represented in our collections by spec- imens from Negros, Leyte, Camiguin, Cebu, Palawan, Basilan, and Min- x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 19 danao, but is not reported from Luzon unless Cuming 987 from the Prov- ince of Pangasinan is correctly referred here. In our extra-Philippine material it is represented by specimens from Cochin China, southern China, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and Queensland. Loureiro’s specific name, being much the older, is here adopted. BRUCEA MACROBOTRYS sp. nov. Frutex 1 ad 2 m altus partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque _minute adpresse pubescentibus; foliis usque ad 60 cm longis, 9-foliolatis, foliolis ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, membranaceis, basi late acutis ad rotundatis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, margine integris vel leviter undulatis, distanter glandulosis, subtus par- cissime pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 7 vel 8; paniculis angustis, quam folia longioribus, cymis distantibus, circiter 1.5 cm longis; floribus circiter 2 mm diametro. An erect shrub 1 to 2 m high, the branches terete, pale- brownish, lenticellate, glabrous, the younger ones somewhat pubescent with short pale hairs as are the inflorescences and parts of the leaves. Leaves up to 60 cm long, the rachis greenish when dry, slightly pubescent; leaflets 9, ovate to oblong-ovate, membranaceous, 12 to 17 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, olivaceous and shining when dry, base broadly acute to rounded, apex rather slenderly and sharply acuminate, margins entire or slightly un- dulate, the incipient teeth indicated by distant marginal glands; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib; petiolules puberulent, about 6 mm long. Panicles axillary, up to 80 cm long, very narrow, many flowered, the flowers in distant, pubes- cent, rather many-flowered cymes about 1.5 cm in length, few flowers opening at one time, their pedicels pubescent, slender, 4 to 5 mm long, the staminate ones about 2.2 mm in diameter. Sepals 3, pubescent, oblong, acute, 1 mm long. Petals slightly longer than the sepals, oblong-ovate, obtuse, very slightly pubes- cent. Stamens about as long as the petals. Fruit ovoid, black when dry, about 12 mm long, distinctly reticulate-rugose. Samar, Cauayan Valley, Phil. Pl. 1626 Ramos, April, 1914, in forests along small streams. A species manifestly allied to Brucea mollis Wall. and B. luzoniensis Vid., closely approaching some forms of the latter. It differs in its larger leaflets, longer leaves, much longer inflorescences, and larger fruits, but in spite of these different characters may be only a variety of Wallich’s species unusually large in size. CANARIUM Linnaeus CANARIUM HETEROPHYLLUM sp. nov. § Choriandra. Arbor circiter 9 m alta, floribus exceptis glabra; ramulis _tenuibus, teretibus; foliis alternis, 1- ad 3-foliolatis, foliolis PT er Le ee LN A eee en eet Se ag et ae leh ied sdisle okS aewe ra a Siaeeree 20 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 subcoriaceis, 7 ad 16 cm longis, integris, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, subtus prominentibus; infructescentibus axillaribus, soli- tariis, circiter 10 cm longis, racemosis; fructibus oblongis, cir- citer 1.5 cm longis, obscure 3-angulatis, apiculatis, breviter pedi- cellatis, pedicellis calycibusque breviter cinereo-pubescentibus. A tree about 9 m high, glabrous except the flowers. Branches slender, terete, grayish, the very slender branchlets reddish- brown as are the petioles and rachises. Leaves alternate, the rachis and petiole 2 to 6 cm long, slender; leaflets 1 to 3, subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong, olivaceous, somewhat shining when dry, entire, of about the same color on both surfaces, 6 to 17 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the rather prominently acuminate apex; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations promi- nent; petiolules of the lateral leaflets, when present, about 8 mm long, the petioles of the simple leaves up to 3 cm long. Infructescence simple, racemose, axillary, slender, up to 10 cm long, apparently flower bearing only in the upper part. Flowers not seen. Calyx, in fruit, cinereous-pubescent with short hairs, the lobes 3, ovate, acute or obtuse, about 2.5 mm long, the pedicels stout, pubescent, 1.3 mm long. Mature fruits oblong, about 1.5 cm long, about 7 mm in diameter, apiculate, indistinctly, or the upper part distinctly 3-angled, the pericarp 1 mm thick or less, brownish, somewhat wrinkled when dry. Luzon, Province of Cagayan (or Subprovince of Apayao), Tamoc, Bur. Sei. 13878 Ramos, January, 1908. A species well characterized by its 1- and 3-foliolate leaves, both types occurring on the same branches. In this character it differs from all known species of the genus. On account of its fruit characters and its general aspect I have placed it in the same section with Canarium villosum F.-Vill. (C. cumingii Engl.). CANARIUM DOLICHOPHYLLUM sp. nov. Arbor circiter 18 m alta plus minusve pubescentibus; ramulis incrassatis circiter 1 cm diametro; foliis circiter 70 cm longis, foliolis 13, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, coriaceis, in sic- citate pallidis, nitidis, integris, usque ad 25 cm longis et 5 cm latis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, basi subrotundatis, supra glabris, subtus pubescentibus; nervis utrinque 18 ad 20, subtus valde prominentibus, reticulis primariis subparallelis, prominentibus; infructescentibus axillaribus, racemosis, circiter 20 cm longis, ferrugineo-pubescentibus; fructibus ovoideis ad subellipsoideis, obtusis, glabris vel leviter hirsutis, pallidis, x%,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 21 obscurissime 3-angulatis, circiter 2 cm longis, in siccitate valde rugosis. A tree about 18 m high. Branchlets thickened, about 1 cm in diameter, brown when dry, pubescent with short, reddish- brown hairs. Leaves up to 70 cm in length, the rachis and pe- tioles glabrous, pale-brown when dry. Leaflets lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, entire, 20 to 25 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, the upper surface pale, shining, the lower ferruginous- pubescent with short hairs on the midrib, nerves, and very prom- inent reticulations, the base rounded to subacute, nearly equi- lateral, the apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen up to 2 cm long, blunt; lateral nerves 18 to 20 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-anastomos- ing, the reticulations very prominent; petiolules glabrous or slightly pubescent, rugose, 3 to 8 mm long. Infructescence race- mose, axillary, solitary, rather stout, about 20 cm long, rather densely ferruginous-pubescent with short hairs, the rachis 4 to 5 mm in diameter. Fruits numerous, on stout peduncles 8 mm long or less, the lower peduncles rarely branched, the per- sistent calyx-lobes 3, coriaceous, ovate, obtuse, about 4 mm long, the fruits rather pale when dry, glabrous, or with few scattered hairs, ovoid to ellipsoid, about 2 cm long, 1.8 cm in diameter, obtuse, obscurely 3-angled, the pericarp very prominently wrin- kled when dry. | MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, near Amparo, Agusan Valley, For. Bur. 20749 Rafael & Ponce, October 10, 1918, in forests slightly above sea level. A species well characterized by its long leaves, and especially by its elongated, relatively narrow, caudate-acuminate leaflets which are very prominently reticulate beneath. CANARIUM LAGUNENSE sp. nov. § Choriandra ? Arbor 12 ad 20 m alta plus minusve breviter brunneo-pubes- centibus vel floribus ferrugineo-pilosis; foliis 15 ad 25 cm longis, foliolis 5 vel 6, coriaceis, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, in sic- citate brunneis, nitidis, integris, acuminatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, supra glabris, subtus ad costa nervisque breviter brunneo- puberulis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus valde prominen- tibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus, folia aequantibus vel paullo longioribus, floribus ¢ numerosis, sessilibus, fasciculatis, 6 ad 7 mm longis, ? angustissime paniculatis; fructibus ovoideis, circiter 12 mm longis, apiculatis, extus in siccitate rugosis, glabris, endocarpio osseo, circiter 2 mm crasso. A tree 12 to 20 m high, branchlets, petioles, inflorescences and leaflets on the nerves and reticulations of the lower surface ae ee lh oes Mar ‘ = he ee nh Z ay 4 Se - 3 ast 4 ve eT eS ee a ee a 4 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 more or less covered with very short dark-brown hairs. Branches terete, brownish or grayish, glabrous, lenticellate, 5 to 7 mm in diameter. Leaves 15 to 25 em long, alternate, the leaflets 5 or 6, coriaceous, brown and shining when dry, entire, 5 to 12 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, the apex acuminate, the acumen usually abrupt, short, blunt, the base acute to rounded, mostly nearly equilateral; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations prominent, the nerves, midrib, and reticulations with very short, stout, short, glandlike hairs, the upper surface entirely glabrous; petiolules 5 to 10 mm long; stipules linear- lanceolate, thick, stiff, straight or curved, brown-pubescent, about 5 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, numerous, equalling or a little longer than the leaves, brown-pubescent, or the flower clusters ferruginous-pubescent. Male flowers numer- ous, fascicled, the fascicles widely separated, each with numerous ovate, hirsute, 1.2 to 1.8 mm long bracteoles, the flowers sessile. Calyx cylindric, 4 mm long, hirsute, the lobes 3, broadly ovate, obtuse, about 2 mm long. Petals 3, oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse, the upper two-thirds externally pubescent. Fila- ments six, 3 to 3.5 mm long, flattened below and slightly united for the lower 0.5 mm forming an obscure disk; anthers oblong, 1.8 mm long. Rudimentary ovary obovoid, glabrous, 1.5 mm in diameter, more or less evidently 3-cleft and readily separat- ing into three parts. Female or perfect flowers apparently sim- ilar to the male, the infructescence narrowly paniculate, the lower branches up to 3 cm in length, each branch with from 1 to 3 fruits, the pedicels stout, 5 to 10 mm long. Mature fruits ovoid, not at all 3-angled, apiculate, about 1.2 cm long, 7 to 8 mm in diameter, the pericarp thin, wrinkled when dry, gla- brous, the endocarp 1-celled, bony, about 2 mm thick. Luzon, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 14945 (type), 20468, 20579 Ramos; Mount Banajao, For. Bur. 19722 Barber, in flower in Feb- ruary, in fruit in April and May, growing in forests up to an altitude of 500 meters. A species in many characters closely resembling Canariuwm villosum F.-Vill. (C. cumingii Engl.), and probably as closely allied to that species as any other. It is distinguished by its very short, dark-brown indumentum which appears on the younger parts of the inflorescence, and on the lower surface of the leaflets. The male flowers are disposed in sessile, dense, distant fascicles and are ferruginous-pubescent. CANARIUM BARNESII sp. nov. § Choriandra. Arbor circiter 20 m alta a C. lagunense differt foliis longio- ribus, foliolis magis numerosis, 6 vel 7, inflorescentiis multo x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 23 brevioribus, 5 ad 10 cm longis, floribus ¢ solitariis, haud fasciculatis. A tree about 20 m high, most parts except the upper surfaces of the leaflets more or less covered with very short brown hairs. Leaves about 35 cm long, the leaflets 6 or 7, coriaceous, oblong- elliptic to oblong-obovate, 7 to 12 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, rather dark-brown when dry, the upper surface glabrous, shin- ing, base acute to rounded, apex prominently and abruptly acuminate, the acumen blunt, 1 cm long or less; lateral nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower sur- face, anastomosing, the reticulations rather close, prominent; petiolules 1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules stout, stiff, pubescent, curved, about 5 mm long. Spikes 5 to 10 cm long, simple, the flowers scattered below, solitary, above rather close, sessile. Calyx oblong-ovate, about 4 mm long, pubescent, the teeth 3, broadly ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long. Petals 3, narrowly oblong, acute to obtuse, about 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, pubescent externally in the upper part. Disk annular, glabrous, rather thick, more or less lobed, 1 mm high or less; filaments 6, slender, 1.5 mm long, attached to the outer upper part of the disk; anthers 1 mm long. Ovary globose-obovoid, pubescent, 1.5 mm in diameter; style stout, pubescent, about 1 mm long, cylindric; stigma capitate, obscurely sulcate. MASBATE, Marintoc River, collected by P. T. Barnes, May, 1903, distrib- uted as Merrill 2617. In forests, locally known as mili-pili. A species in facies much resembling Canarium lagunense Merr., but with longer leaves, more numerous leaflets, very much shorter inflores- cences, the flowers not at all fascicled, and the flowers in structure quite different from those of C. lagunense. The indumentum on the younger parts, inflorescence, and lower surfaces of the leaflets is quite the same in both forms. CANARIUM OLIGANTHUM sp. nov. § Crassipyrena. Arbor, ut videtur alta, partibus junioribus plus minusve pube- rulis; foliis circiter 70 cm longis, foliolis circiter 9, amplis, in- tegris, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, usque ad 25 cm longis, et 11 cm latis, acuminatis, nervis utrinque 15 ad 17, prominentibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, cir- citer 15 cm longis, anguste paniculatis, paucifloris; floribus longe pedicellatis, ebracteolatis, circiter 8 mm longis. A tree, apparently tall, the trunk about 50 cm in diameter, the branchlets, petioles, midribs on the lower surface of the leaflets, and inflorescence more or less puberulent with pale- brownish hairs. Branches terete, lenticellate, stout, striate, the ultimate branchlets about 1 cm in diameter, pale-brownish. oo ge ee Ca ge ee ee ag ae, oe aan Re Sy ere , : ping > @, i 24 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Leaves ample, up to 70 cm long, the petiole long, about 5 mm in diameter, and with the rachis and petiolules puberulent; leaf- lets ovate to oblong, 15 to 25 cm long, 8 to 11 cm wide, chartace- ous to subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, the lower surface a little paler than the upper, entire, apex acuminate, base rounded, subtruncate, or slightly cordate, broad, equilateral, the upper surface quite glabrous, the lower pubescent on the midrib; petiolules ] to 2 cm long; stipules not seen, apparently early deciduous. Panicles axillary, solitary, 15 cm long or less, narrowly pyramidal, branched at or above the middle, the branches few, scattered, the lower ones 2.5 cm long or less, each branch with one or two long-pedicelled, ebracteolate flowers, or if the bracteoles are present then small and early deciduous; pedicels 1 cm long or less. Flowers 3-merous, about 8 mm long, the calyx cylindric, 6 to 7 mm long, puberulent, the teeth three, broadly triangular-ovate, acute, 2 mm long. Petals 3, oblong, obtuse, 6 to 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the upper one-third spread- ing. Stamens 6; filaments 2 mm long, nearly free, flattened and slightly enlarged below, apparently connate into a short obscure disk. Ovary ellipsoid, glabrous, about 4 mm long, narrowed upward into the short, cylindric, stout, 1 mm long style; stigma capitate. MASBATE, Marintoc River, P. T. Barnes, May, 1908, distributed as Merrill 2618. In forests along the river, altitude about 16 m, locally known as pili and yielding a white resin. A species manifestly allied to Canarium luzonicum A. Gray, but well characterized by its large leaves, ample leaflets, and especially by its narrowly pyramidal, few-flowered panicles, the flowers ebracteolate, their pedicels about 1 cm long. CANARIUM NITENS sp. nov. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, inflorescentiis puberulis exceptis glabra; foliis usque ad 35 cm longis, 7- vel 9-foliolatis, foliolis crasse coriaceis, utrinque nitidis, integris, oblongis, acuminatis, 8 ad 13 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus promi- nentibus; paniculis obscure brunneo-puberulis, terminalibus, quam folia brevioribus; fructibus anguste ovoideis. A tree about 15 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches brown, terete, glabrous, wrinkled when dry. Leaves alternate, up to 35 cm in length. Leaflets oblong, thickly coria- ceous, prominently shining on both surfaces, the lower a little paler then the upper, 7 or 9 to each leaf, 8 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, entire, rather prominently acuminate, base acute, often somewhat inequilateral and sometimes rounded on one side and acute on the other; lateral nerves about 10, very x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 95 prominent on the lower surface, strongly curved, obscurely anas- tomosing near the margins, the reticulations not at all prom- inent; petiolules of the lateral leafiets 0.6 to 1.5 cm long, of the terminal one up to 4 cm in length. Panicles terminal, 13 cm long in fruit, brown-puberulent, branched from the base. Per- sistent calyces about 3 mm in diameter, puberulent. Immature fruits narrowly ovoid, somewhat inequilateral or somewhat gib- bous, about 2 cm long, glabrous, not at all angled, the pericarp wrinkled when dry. : MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Taglibao River, For. Bur. 18772 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, June 17, 1912, growing at sea level immediately back of the mangrove swamp, known to the Moros as batli. — The species is apparently a rather characteristic one, and is perhaps — as closely allied to Canarium calophyllum Perk., as to any other. It differs from Canarium calophyllum, however, in its fewer nerved leaves and m its much smaller persistent calyces. CANARIUM STENOPHYLLUM sp. nov. § Eucanarium, Monadelpha. Arbor alta partibus junioribus exceptis glabra; foliis circiter 20 cm longis, foliolis 13 ad 15, lanceolatis, integris, usque ad 11 em longis, inaequilateralibus, leviter falcatis vel subrectis, basi acutis, apice longe acuminatis; racemis ¢ axillaribus, solitariis, 8 ad 10 cm longis; floribus circiter 1.8 cm longis, cylindraceis, filamentis deorsum connatis, disco libero. A tree reaching a height of 40 meters, glabrous except the younger parts and the inflorescence. Branches terete, glabrous, lenticellate, grayish-brown, about 5 mm in diameter, the branch- lets more or less appressed-villous or hirsute, especially the growing parts. Leaves alternate, about 20 cm long. Leaflets 18 to 15, lanceolate, inequilateral, straight or somewhat falcate, chartaceous, entire, 1 to 2.4 cm wide, 6 to 11 cm long, narrowed below to the acute or obtuse base, gradually narrowed upward to the long and rather slenderly acuminate apex, when dry oli- vaceous or subolivaceous, shining; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved, anastomosing ; petiolules about 2 mm long; stipules not seen, if present very early deci- duous. Male racemes axillary, solitary, 8 to 10 cm long, slightly pubescent, the flowers somewhat crowded in the upper one-half, white, their pedicels about 2mm long. Calyx about 4 mm long, the lobes 3, broadly ovate, 2 mm long. Petals 3, oblong, im- bricate, glabrous, about 13 mm long, 5 mm wide. Stamens 6, the filaments united below into a 2 mm high disk, the free parts 6 to 7 mm long; anthers oblong, 3 mm long. Disk free, oblong- cylindric, hirsute, somewhat fluted, about 4 mm long, 2.6 mm in diameter. odie. sh =o Cae ee eo we ~) te, Py. = oe ie +h “ oe ne = ae re ia 26 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Isarog, Phil. Pl. 1550 Ramos, November 20, 1913, in forests. This species is probably as closely allied to Canarium perkinsiae Merr. as to any other, differing in its much smaller, lanceolate leaves and in its short pedicels. It is well characterized by its narrowly lanceolate leaflets. CANARIUM ELLIPSOIDEUM sp. nov. § Eucanarium. Arbor alta, glabra (floribus ignotis) ; ramis incrassatis, gla- bris, circiter 2 cm diametro, brunneis, nitidis; foliis alternis, usque ad 55 cm longis, foliolis circiter 9-jugis, coriaceis, nitidis, ovatus ad oblongis, usque ad 16 cm longis, basi cordatis, apice distincte acuminatis; inflorescentiis ut videtur paniculatis, axil- laribus, solitariis, infructescentibus 10 ad 30 cm longis; fruc- tibus ellipsoideis, circiter 3 cm longis, utrinque rotundatis, laevis vel obscure rugosis, in siccitate castaneis, endocarpio longitu- dinaliter 6-carinato. A tall tree, nearly glabrous, the ultimate branches much thick- ened, about 2 cm in diameter, dark-brown, shining, more or less striate or wrinkled when dry, marked with scattered large scars of fallen petioles, the very tip, above the ultimate leaves, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves. more or less crowded toward the ends of the branchlets, up to 55 cm long, each with about 19 leaflets, odd-pinnate, the rachis and petiole rather stout, shin- ing, striate; stipules none or very early deciduous. Leaflets op- posite, the lower ones ovate, 8 to 10 cm long, the intermediate and upper ones oblong, up to 16 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, shin- ing on both surfaces, glabrous, rather pale when dry, the base prominently and broadly cordate, apex acuminate, the acumen blunt, rather stout; lateral nerves of the median leaflets about 16 on each side of the midrib, of the lower leaves about 10, distinct, anastomosing; petiolules stout, about 5 mm _ long. Flowers not seen. Infructescence axillary, solitary, 10 to 30 em long, dark-brown, glabrous, shining, somewhat paniculate. Persistent calyx 3-lobed, very coriaceous, about 8 mm in diam- eter, slightly pubescent externally, inside densely appressed cinerous-pubescent, the lobes broadly ovate; pedicels stout, very short. Fruit ellipsoid, about 3 cm long, rounded at both ends, not at all 3-angled, the pericarp apparently fleshy, when dry castaneous, slightly wrinkled, glabrous, or the younger fruits with few, scattered, appressed, stiff, ferruginous hairs, the endocarp bony, 3-celled, only a single cell developing a seed, rounded at both ends, not at all 3-angled, but with three very prominent primary longitudinal keels or ridges that unite with each other at the base, and three intermediate keels or ridges, x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 27 nearly as prominent as the primary ones, which unite at the apex but are evanescent near the base. Luzon, Province of Bulacan, Angat, Bur. Sci. 21968 Ramos, September 22, 1913, in forests. A striking species on account of its thickened stems, its long leaves, and the almost entire absence of indumentum of any kind. The strictly _ ellipsoid, very dark-brown, shining, nearly smooth fruits are exceedingly characteristic, as is also the longitudinally 6-ridged endocarp, the fruit not being at all triangular. CANARIUM SANCHEZII sp. nov. § Monadelpha. Arbor, omnibus partibus, alabastris exceptis, glabra; foliis trifoliolatis, vix 20 cm longis, foliolis elliptico-ovatis, subco- riaceis, apice abrupte subcaudato-acuminatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, spicatis, quam petioli brevioribus; floribus 3-meris, filamentis basi breviter connatis. A tree, quite glabrous except the buds. Branches terete, light-gray, rather slender. Leaves 3-foliolate, 14 to 18 cm long, the petioles 2 to 3.5 cm long; leaflets elliptic-ovate, or the ter- minal one somewhat obovate-elliptic, subcoriaceous, somewhat shining, brown beneath when dry, the terminal ones up to 11 em long and 5.5 cm wide, the lateral ones somewhat smaller, the base acute, the apex rather abruptly and slenderly subcau- date-acuminate, the acumen 1 cm long or less. Spikes axillary, solitary, 2.5 cm long or less, the bracteoles small, oblong-ovate, acute, 1 mm long or less. Calyx 2.5 mm long, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, obtuse or subacute, about 1.5 mm long, pubescent exter- nally. Petals 3, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, about 4 mm long, 2 mm wide. Stamens 6; filaments somewhat dilated below, united for the lower 0.5 mm, free from the disk; anthers about 1 mm long. Fruit unknown. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Butuan, J. F. Quadras 172, from the herbarium of the Ateneo de Manila, locally known as sauangan. Named in honor of Father F. Sanchez, for many years connected with the Museum of the Ateneo de Manila. A species well characterized by its trifoliolate leaves and short spikes. GARUGA Roxb. GARUGA LITTORALIS sp. nov. Arbor 15 ad 20 m alta, inflorescentiis plus minusve dense cinereo-puberulis exceptis glabra vel subglabra; foliis 30 ad 45 cm longis, 9- vel 10-jugatis; foliolis oblongis, ovato-oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, acuminatis, basi late rotundatis, leviter cor- datis, valde inaequilateralibus, integris, rariter distanter irreg- ulariter leviter crenulatis;-paniculis terminalibus, in anthesis i ee E< aj ee \ SA ee 28 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 circiter 8 cm longis, dense cinereo-puberulis; pedicellis quam ala- bastra ovoidea brevioribus; petalis quam laciniae calyciniae duplo longioribus. A tree 15 to 20 m high, nearly or quite glabrous except the rather densely cinereous-puberulent inflorescence. Branches reddish-brown, glabrous, lenticellate, much thickened, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate, crowded at the apices of the branchlets, 30 to 45 cm long, deciduous before anthesis, the rachis often somewhat puberulent, becoming glabrous. Leaflets straight or somewhat falcate, 9 or 10 on each side of the rachis, opposite or nearly so, chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, oblong, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate-oblong, glabrous and somewhat shining when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, the lower ones usually smaller than the median ones, 5 to 12 cm long, 2 to 4.5 em wide, the margins entire or rarely distantly and irregulary crenulate, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the base usually broad, rounded or sometimes subtruncate, usually somewhat cordate, strongly inequilateral, never with an additional pinnule at the base as in Garuga floribunda Dene. Panicles appearing before the new leaves, terminal, usually many from the apices of the branchlets, about 8 cm long, all parts densely cinereous-puberu- lent. Flowers yellow, rather congested on the ultimate branch- lets of the inflorescence, puberulent, their pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long, shorter than the ovoid buds. Calyx 3 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long. Petals puberulent, oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly oblong, usually acute, reflexed, about twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Filaments 2.5 mm long, pubescent, much thickened below; anthers 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, sessile, pubescent, 2 mm long, 4-celled, each cell 2-ovuled, style stout, puberulent, 2.5 mm long; stigma obscurely 4-lobed. Fruit black when ripe, obovoid, much wrinkled when dry, gla- brous, 8 to 10 mm in diameter, each containing one or two sub- globose, prominently rugose seeds about 5 mm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 12342 Curran (type), April, 1908, near the seashore. MAasBATE, For. Bur. 12572, 12587 Rosenbluth, January, 1909, both specimens sterile. CrBu, Talisay, For. Bur. 6481 Espinosa, September, 1906. Mrinporo, For. Bur. 8705 Merritt, January, 1908. A tree, usually growing near the seashore, apparently rather widely distributed in the Philippines. It is manifestly allied to Garuga flori- bunda Dene., of Timor and northern Australia, but appears to be distin- guished from that species by its entire, much larger, leaflets, absence of the supplementary reduced pinnules at the base of the leaflets, and its short-pedicelled flowers. The inflorescence is not strictly terminal, but the peduncles are in the crowded axils of the fallen leaves at the apices ‘= ee > el x,C,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 99 of the branchlets. The leaves appear after the flowers, and with the growth of the branchlet the panicles in fruiting stage become lateral, being situated in the axils of fallen leaves below the terminal crown of leaves. The species is known in Tayabas as libas (Tagalog); in Masbate and Cebu as bogo (Visayan), and in Mindoro as abilo (Tagalog), the last name more usually applied to Garuga abilo (Blanco) Merr. Var. PAUCIJUGA var. nov. A typo differt foliis 5- vel 6-jugatis. CAGAYAN DE SULU, Merrill 5301, October 15, 1906. The specimen is in fruit, but in all essential characteris it appears to be like the species, differing only in its fewer leaflets. A specimen from Balabac Island, with flowers only, no leaves, may be referable here, Bur. Sci. 398 Mangubat, March, 1906, locally known as baro. GARUGA CLARKII sp. nov. Arbor circiter 30 m alta, subglabra; foliis alternis, usque ad 40 cm longis, imparipinnatis, 11- vel 12-jugatis, rhachibus plus minusve puberulis; foliolis inaequilateralibus, oblongo-lanceo- latis, usque ad 10 cm longis, 3 cm latis distincte acuminatis, basi oblique rotundatis, margine distincte regulariterque crenato- dentatis; floribus ignotis; paniculis sub fructu axillaribus, pedunculatis, leviter puberulis, circiter 16 cm longis; fructibus obovoideis, nigris, circiter 1 cm diametro. A tree about 30 m high, subglabrous, or somewhat gray-puber- ulent. Branches reddish-brown, glabrous, about 5 mm in dia- meter. Leaves crowded at the apices of the branchlets, 35 to 40 cm long, the rachis usually black when dry, somewhat puber- ulent. Leaflets opposite or subopposite, lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, chartaceous, straight or slightly falcate, the median ones 8 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, the upper and lower ones somewhat smaller, the base strongly inequilateral, rounded on one side of the midrib, acute on the other, the apex prominently acuminate, the acumen about 1 cm long, blunt, the margins distinctly and regularly crenate-dentate, the upper surface quite glabrous, shining, the lower very slightly paler, glabrous or with few soft hairs; nerves about 13 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petiolules about 2 mm long, usually puberulent. Flowers unknown. Fruiting panicles axillary, peduncled, about 16 cm long, gray-puberulent. Fruits black and wrinkled when dry, obovoid, glabrous, 1 cm in diameter or less, each containing one or two rugose, subglobose seeds. MASBATE, For. Bur. 1700 Clark, July 23, 1904, in forests at an altitude © of about 150 m, on moderate slopes, locally known as bugo (Visayan), and said to yield a valuable timber. ey aT A = 30 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 This species is manifestly allied to the preceding one, but differs in its longer leaves and more numerous leaflets which are regularly crenate- dentate and although rounded, are never cordate at the base. PROTIUM Burman PROTIUM CONNARIFOLIUM (Perk.) comb. nov. Canarium connarifolium Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 92. This species, of which Dr. Perkins had no fruiting material, and of which she described only the male flowers is shown to be a representative of the genus Protium by additional material. It is not closely allied to Protium javanicum Burm., from which it differs in vegetative characters and its very short inflorescence. The fruits are apparently subglobose, when mature about 1.5 cm in diameter, ultimately 2- or 3-valved, and with 1 to 8 pyrenes, the pyrenes hard, about 8 mm long. It is further distin- guished from Canarium by its 4-merous flowers. The species is repre- sented by the following material, all from Palawan: Merrill 787 (cotype), Bur. Sci. 758, 754, 787, 866 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 21604 Agama, from Iwahig, Alphonso XIII, and Mount Victoria, flowering February to May. The genus is new to the Philippines. SANTIRIA Blume SANTIRIA CAUDATA sp. nov. § Fusantiria. Arbor glaberrima circiter 15 m alta; foliis 25 ad 35 cm longis, foliolis 7, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14, subtus prominentibus; paniculis axillaribus, 10 ad 15 cm longis, e basi ramosis; floribus 3 mm diametro. A tree about 15 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches terete, light-gray, somewhat striate when dry. Leaves 25 to 35 cm leng, the leaflets 7, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 18 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, pale and shining when dry, entire, the apex slenderly caudate-acumi- nate, acumen blunt, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, the base acute, equilateral or nearly so; lateral nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, rather distinct; petiolules 1 to 2 cm long. Panicles axillary, pyramidal, up to 15 cm long, branched at or from near the base, the branches few, spreading, the lower ones 5 to 7 cm long. Flowers about 8 mm in diameter, greenish-yellow, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx shallow, 2.5 mm in diameter, the lobes rounded, about 1 mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm wide. Petals 3, broadly ovate, 2.5 mm wide and about 2.2 mm long, acute or obtuse, glabrous. Disk annular, thick, glabrous, obscurely undulate; stamens 6, the filaments broadened below, 0.5 mm long, attached to the outer part of the disk; anthers 0.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, x,¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 31 1.5 mm in diameter; style very short, stout; stigma depressed- globose or subdisciform. LUZON, Province of Camarines, Tamban River, For. Bur. 21211 (type), 21217 Alvarez, April 1, 1914, forested slopes along streams, altitude 20 to 100 meters. A species apparently belonging in the group with Santiria beccarii Engl., but well characterized by being entirely glabrous. It is probably most closely allied to the Philippine S. glabra Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its larger, more numerously nerved, caudate- acuminate leaves and its longer panicles. SANTIRIA LAGUNENSIS sp. nov. § Eusantiria ? Arbor alta partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque leviter fur- furaceis exceptis glabra; foliis usque ad 20 cm longis, foliolis 5 vel 6, oblongo-ovatis, integris, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, usque ad 11 cm longis, subcoriaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8; paniculis axillaribus, usque ad 7 cm longis, leviter ferrugineo-furfuraceis, e basi ramosis. A tree, apparently tall, glabrous except the rather densely ferruginous-furfuraceous tips of the branchlets and the slightly furfuraceous inflorescence. Branches pale-gray, terete, some- what striate, glabrous, the tips somewhat brownish. Leaves about 20 cm long, the leaflets usually 6, sometimes 5, oblong- ovate, subcoriaceous, pale and shining when dry, 8 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, entire, apex narrowed, rather prominently acuminate, base acute to rounded; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender but distinct, anastomosing, the reti- culations lax; petiolules 7 to 10 mm long. Panicles axillary, about 7 cm long, branched at or from near the base, the branches few, the lower ones up to 2 cm long, the younger parts distinctly but minutely ferruginous-furfuraceous. Flowers 3-merous, the young buds globose, rather numerous. Young fruits globose, black when dry, 8 mm in diameter, the stigma lateral. Luzon, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20505 Ramos, Feb- ruary, 1913, forested slopes. Somewhat resembling Santiria nitida Merr., but the inflorescence entirely different. The species is characterized by its minutely furfuraceous, more or less ferruginous indumentum on the growing tips of the branchlets and on the inflorescence, otherwise quite glabrous. SANTIRIA SAMARENSIS sp. nov. § Eusantiria. Arbor 20 ad 30 m alta ramulis inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra; ramulis crassis, in siccitate brunneis, partibus junioribus plus minusve breviter ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis usque ad 80 cm longis, foliolis 9 vel 11, coriaceis, nitidis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi acutis ad subro- eee a te ae 32 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 tundatis, leviter inaequilateralibus, spice caudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 15, subtus prominentibus; paniculis axil- laribus, 30 ad 40 cm longis, amplis, multifloris, ab infima tertia parte ramosis; floribus pubescentibus, circiter 6 mm longis. A tree 20 to 30 m high, glabrous except the branchlets and inflorescence. Branchlets thickened, reddish-brown or brown when dry, about 1 cm in diameter, terete, lenticellate, the younger parts more or less ferruginous-pubescent with short hairs. Leaves alternate, up to 80 cm in length, the rachis and petioles reddish-brown when dry; leaflets 9 or 11, coriaceous, rather pale when dry, somewhat shining, oblong to oblong- elliptic, entire, 12 to 20 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, the base acute to subrounded, somewhat inequilateral, the apex slenderly and rather abruptly caudate-acuminate, the acumen up to 2.5 cm long, blunt; lateral nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petiolules 2 to 3 cm long, reddish-brown when dry. Panicles axillary, solitary, many on each branchlet, 30 to 40 cm long, the lower one-third without branches, the primary branches spreading or ascending, the lower ones up to 10 em in length, sparingly pubescent, reddish-brown, the ulti- mate branchlets and pedicels rather densely pale-ferrugineous pubescent with short hairs. Flowers yellowish, about 6 mm long, the pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, the bracts lanceolate, acu- minate, deciduous, about 3mm long. Male flowers: Calyx some- what cup-shaped, pubescent, about 3 mm long and wide, with 3 broadly triangular-ovate, acute teeth about 1 mm long. Petals 3, free, pubescent on both surfaces, coriaceous, broadly ovate, obtuse, 4 to 4.5 mm long. Disk prominent, thickened, annular, glabrous, about 3 mm in diameter. Stamens 6; filaments at- tached to the outer margin of the disk, flattened below, narrowed above, about 1.5 mm long; anthers oblong, dorsifixed, 1 to 1.2 mm long. Rudimentary ovary very small, glabrous. Female flowers in general similar to the males. Staminodes 1.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, 3-celled; stigma capitate, sessile, about 1 mm in diameter. Samar, Mount Cauayan, Phil. Pl. 1641 Ramos (type), April, 1914, distributed sub Canarium. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Balu, For. Bur. 21136 Miranda, April, 1914; Tarangtong, For. Bur. 21098 Abe- llamosa, March 31, 1914, in forests, altitude about 160 meters, Bicol name palaspas. A species belonging in the same group with Santiria laevigata Bl. and S. maingayi Benn., characterized among the few Philippine forms by its large leaflets which are prominently caudate-acuminate, and by its elon- gated, many flowered panicles. x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 33 ANACARDIACEAE DRACONTOMELUM Blume DRACONTOMELUM EDULE sp. nov. Arbor alta, ramis incrassatis, ramulis junioribus dense fer- rugineo-puberulis; foliis circiter 40 cm longis, rhachibus pube- rulis, foliolis alternis subtus, axillis barbatis exceptis, glabris, chartaceis oblongis, nitidis, acuminatis, 12 ad 17 cm longis, ner- vis utrinque circiter 12, prominentibus; fructibus globosis, car- nosis, edulis, glabris, circiter 2.5 cm diametro, putamine depres- so, 1.8 cm diametro. A tree reaching a height of 20 m, similar and closely allied to Dracontomelum cumingianum Baill., differing especially in its glabrous leaflets. Branches thickened, terete, about 1 cm in diameter, grayish-brown, marked with large petiolar scars, the tips densely ferruginous-puberulent. Leaves crowded at the apices of the branchlets, about 40 cm long, the petiole and rachis somewhat cinereous-puberulent, becoming glabrous; leaflets about 11, chartaceous, oblong, entire, rather sharply acuminate, base acute to rounded, somewhat inequilateral, mostly 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, shining on both surfaces, the lower slightly paler than the upper, quite glabrous except for the bearded glands in the axils on the lower surface; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved upward, distant from the margin, anastomosing, the reticulations dis- tinct; petiolules about 2 mm long. Panicles in the upper axils, puberulent, flowers not seen. Fruit globose, green, turning yellowish when ripe, about 2.5 cm in diameter, glabrous, smooth, the mesocarp fleshy, acid, edible; stone depressed, about 1.8 cm in diameter, 8 mm high, obscurely undulate-ridged. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9391, May 14, 1913, in forests immediately back of the mangrove and on steep slopes, ascending to at least 40 meters altitude. A species manifestly closely allied to Dracontomelum cumingianum Baill., from which it differs in its leaflets being quite glabrous except for the bearded axils. It might be considered merely as a variety or form of Baillon’s species by some authors. BUCHANANIA Sprengel BUCHANANIA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. § Sagittatae. Arbor 10 ad 20 m alta, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque parce adpresse ferrugineo-hirsutis; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, nitidis, usque ad 35 cm longis, apice breviter, abrupte, obtuseque acuminatis, basi cuneatis vel leviter decurrento-acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 20; paniculis circiter 20 cm longis, 131281——3 34 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 multifloris, floribus 5-meris; fructibus parcissime hirsutis vel vetustioribus glabris, apiculo centrico. A tree 10 to 20 m high, the growing tips of the branchlets rather densely appressed ferruginous-hirsute. Branches terete, brown, glabrous. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, somewhat shining, 20 to 35 cm long, 8 to 12 cm wide, pale or brownish-olivaceous when dry, of about the same color on both surfaces, the apex shortly, abruptly, and obtusely acuminate, base narrowed in the lower one-fourth, cuneate or somewhat decurrent-acuminate ; primary nerves 17 to 22 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the secondary nerves and reticulations netted, not parallel, dis- tinct; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Panicles numerous, in the upper axils, usually about 20 cm long, many-flowered, all parts with few, scattered, usually appressed, pale or ferruginous, hirsute hairs, in fruit sometimes becoming nearly or quite glabrous. Flowers 5-merous, white, the pedicels 1 mm long or less. Calyx- lobes oblong, obtuse, about 1 mm long. Petals oblong, obtuse, about 2.6 mm long, 1 mm wide, reflexed. Disk glabrous. Fila- ments about 1.3 mm long, much narrowed at the apex; anthers about 1 mm long, prominently sagittate. Carpels rather densely pubescent. Mature fruits red, orbicular to broadly obovoid, somewhat compressed, about 1 cm long, the apiculus central, when immature with few, scattered, pale or ferruginous hairs, in age glabrous or with very few hairs. This species is widely distributed in the Philippines and is manifestly allied to the common Buchanania arborescens Blume, differing notably in its much larger, more numerously nerved leaves. The type is For. Bur. 20274 Miranda, from the Province of Misamis, Mindanae, March, 1913, and I refer here also the following specimens: Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17154, 17308 Curran, For. Bur. 18459, 18468, 18431 Alvarez, For. Bur. 14767 Darling. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 21894 Villamil, Williams 2868, 2879: District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 11772 Whitford. BasiLaNn, Bur. Sci. 16856 Reillo, For. Bur. 17896 Rafael, For. Bur. 8988 Hutchinson: District of Lanao, For. Bur. 22082 Sherfesee, Cenabre, & Ponce. It is known in Cagayan Prov- ince, Luzon, as paleng, arangas, sambrit, and pappagan; in Mindanao as manguian; and in Basilan as lingabunu. BUCHANANIA ACUMINATISSIMA sp. nov. § Sagittatae. Arbor glabra circiter 10 m alta; foliis coriaceis, nitidis, in sic- citate brunneis, oblongo-oblanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, usque ad 17 cm longis, longe petiolatis, basi longe anguste decurrento- acuminatis, nervis utrinque 20 ad 25; paniculis folia subae- quantibus, glabris; floribus 4-meris, longe pedicellatis, pedicellis articulatis; carpellis glabris; antheris sagittatis. A glabrous tree about 10 m high, or the very tips of the x,¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 35 growing branchlets somewhat pubescent. Branches terete, dark reddish-brown. Leaves brown when dry, shining, coriaceous, oblong-oblanceolate 15 to 17 cm long, 3 to 4 em wide, the apex slenderly subcaudate acuminate, the acumen up to 2 em long, blunt, the base narrowed, long and slenderly decurrent-acumi- nate; lateral nerves 20 to 25 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct on both surfaces, the secondary veins not parallel, re- ticulations distinct; petioles 3 to 3.5 cm long. Panicles quite glabrous, slender, rather few-flowered, about as long as the leaves, branched from the middle and above. Flowers white, 4-merous, their pedicels somewhat 4-angled, distinctly jointed, gradually thickened upward, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx lobes 0.5 mm long or less. Petals oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, about 1 mm wide. Filaments 1 mm long, the apical part very slender; anthers sagittate, about 1 mm long. Disk and carpels glabrous. Luzen, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 10932 Ramos, August, 1910, in forests, Dahican River. A species similar to Buchanania sessilifolia Blume (B. acuminata Turez.), from which it differs in its much more numerous lateral nerves, and entirely glabrous leaves and panicles. The material was distributed as Buchanania arborescens Blume, but it is quite different from that species and not closely allied to it. BUCHANANIA RETICULATA Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1499. This is typical Mangifera altissima Blanco, and must be reduced to Blanco’s species. The type is Elmer 12884 from the Island of Sibuyan. PRUNUS ? LAURIFOLIA Dene. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 3 (1834) 458; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1* (1855) 366—Buchanania arborescens Blume. This species was considered by Miquel as a true Prunus, but he mani- festly saw no specimens. A cotype of the species, received from the Museum of Natural History, Paris, is in the Herbarium of the Bureau of Science. The specimen is with fruits, and is typical Buchanania arbo- rescens Blume. SWINTONIA Griffith SWINTONIA ACUMINATA sp. nov. Arbor glabra, 15 ad 20 m alta; foliis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, oblongo-ellipticis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, apice acuminatis, basi leviter decurrentibus, subtus pallidis, nervis utrinque circiter 15; paniculis folia aequantibus vel longioribus, multifloris, pedicellis glabris vel minute pubes- centibus, petalis intus puberulis, sub anthesin circiter 2.5 mm __ longis, obtusis, elliptico-ovatis. A tree 15 to 20 m high, entirely glabrous except the short pedicels and slightly puberulent petals. Branches terete, dark reddish-brown when dry. Leaves alternate, coriaceous or sub- : OR tatg Pana aaa! aa. Se, ke Ee —————E—e—e ee 86 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 8 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, ‘pale and shining when dry, the lower surface somewhat glaucous, subequally narrowed to the acuminate apex and to the acute or acuminate and very slightly decurrent base, the acumen up to 1 cm in length, blunt; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, mostly spreading, slightly curved, prominent, the reticulations distinct on both surfaces; petioles slender, semi- terete, not sulcate, reddish-brown when dry, 4 to 5 cm long. Panicles axillary, slender, numerous, many flowered, up to 20 cm in length, the lower branches up to 12 cm in length. Flowers cream-color or white, numerous, somewhat crowded on the ulti- mate short branchlets, the pedicels 2 mm long or less. Calyx campanulate, about 2 mm long, the lobes broad, rounded, im- bricate. Petals in anthesis elliptic-ovate, obtuse, about 2.5 mm long, glabrous outside, somewhat puberulent inside. Stamens 5. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, inequilateral, about 1 mm long; style short; stigma capitate. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Pinamuhagan, For. Bur. 21749 Fischer (type), April 16, 1914; same province and month of collection, For. Bur. 21729 Penas, Soriano, & Abellanosa, For. Bur. 21232 Alvarez. In forests, altitude 10 to 80 meters. Apparently allied to the Bornean Swintonia glauca Engi., but the branchlets entirely glabrous, leaves not dark-colored on the upper surface when dry, and with more prominent and more numerous lateral nerves, relatively shorter and glabrous panicles, and glabrous ovaries. It is quite different from the other known Philippine species. SABIACEAE MELIOSMA Blume MELIOSMA ACUMINATISSIMA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 5 m alta, glabra vel subglabra; foliis pinnatis, usque ad 50 cm longis, foliolis subcoriaceis, usque ad 13, oblongo- ovatis ad lanceolatis, tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi acutis, margine integris, usque ad 11 cm longis, nitidis, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7; infructescentibus folia aequantibus, terminalibus, fruc- tibus obovoideis, circiter 6 mm diametro, leviter compressis, obscure reticulatis. ; A tree about 5 m high, glabrous or nearly so. Branches terete, pale brownish, the very tips ferruginous-hirsute, the plant (in fruit) otherwise glabrous. Leaves up to 50 cm long, pinnate, the leaflets about 13, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, entire, sub- coriaceous, pale-olivaceous, shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, apex rather slenderly and sharply acuminate, base acute, © often a little inequilateral; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, prominently anas- -. 2 x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 37 tomosing; petiolules about 4 mm long. Panicles (in fruit) ter- minal, glabrous, as long as the leaves, the fruits nearly black when dry, obovoid, about 6 mm in diameter, slightly compressed, obscurely reticulate. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19417 Escritor, January, 1913, in forests near the summit of the mountain. A species well distinguished by being glabrous or nearly so, and by its entire leaflets. It is probably most closely allied to Meliosma sylvatica Elm., but that species is prominently pubescent and has denticulate leaflets. MELIOSMA MACGREGORII sp. nov. Arbor erecta vel scandens (?) prominente ferrugineo-hirsutis ; foliis pinnatis, usque ad 40 cm longis, foliolis 9, oblongis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, coriaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, acumi- natis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus valde prom- inentibus, margine integris ad leviter distanter denticulatis; paniculis terminalibus, amplis, multifloris, folia subaequantibus ; floribus racemose dispositis, circiter 3 mm longis. An erect tree of small size (or scandent ?), the branches, inflorescence, petioles and rachis, and the leaflets beneath and on the midrib and lateral nerves on the upper surface prom- inently ferruginous-hirsute. Leaves pinnate, up to 40 cm long, the leaflets 9, coriaceous, oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 7 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, the apex sharply acuminate, base acute, margins entire to distantly and irregularly denticulate, the upper surface grayish to brownish when dry, somewhat shin- ing, the midrib, nerves, and primary reticulations more or less impressed, the former two ferruginous-hirsute, the lower surface brown, paler than the upper surface, prominently hirsute on the midrib and lateral nerves, with few hairs on the reticulations; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very prom- inent, curved-anastomosing, the reticulations prominent; pet- iolules 6 to 10 mm long and with the rachis and petioles prominently ferruginous-hirsute. Panicles terminal, about as long as the leaves, prominently ferruginous-hirsute, the primary branches distant, spreading, up to 16 cm long, the lower second- ary ones of each branch up to 7 cm long, many flowered, the flowers white, racemosely disposed on the ultimate branchlets, not crowded, their pedicels 1 mm long or less, the bracts and bracteoles oblong, pubescent, 1 to 2 mm long. Sepals ovate to elliptic-ovate, about 1.8 mm long, margins ciliate. Outer three Se petals orbicular-ovate, rounded, 2.5 to 3 mm long, the inner two reduced to a bifid membranaceous scale about 1 mm long, cleft into two oblong lobes. Stamens about 1.8 mm long, the 38 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 imperfect ones membranaceous, retuse, oblong, about 0.8 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, slightly compressed, black, about 7 mm in diameter. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19749 McGregor, February, 1913, in flower (type): Lepanto Subprovince, Mount Data, Merrill 4600, November, 1905, in fruit, distributed as M. pendula. A species manifestly allied to Meliosma pendula Merr., from which it differs in its much narrower, very differently shaped leaflets. MELIOSMA LOHERI sp. nov. Arbor parva circiter 5 m alta partibus junioribus inflorescen- tiisque dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis simplicibus, an- guste oblongo-obovatis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, coriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, basi angustatis, cuneatis, margine sursum irregulariter grosse serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, subtus valde prominentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, pani- culatis, folia subaequantibus, multifloris; floribus plus minusve confertis, brevissime pedicellatis, circiter 2.5 mm longis. A small tree, about 5 m high according to Vanoverbergh, the younger parts and inflorescence densely ferruginous-pubes- cent. Branches terete, dark-brown, pubescent, the younger parts very densely so. Leaves simple, coriaceous, narrowly oblong-obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, apex prominently acuminate, acumen apiculate, base gradually narrowed, cuneate, margins in the lower part entire, in the upper one-half usually with few, irregular, rather coarse, sharp teeth, the upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, shining, the ultimate reticulations distinct, minute, subfoveolate, the lower surface more or less pubescent, somewhat paler than the upper, the nerves and reticulations very distinct; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the primary reticulations very prominent; petioles 2 to 3.5 cm long, pubescent. Panicles terminal, about as long as the leaves, fer- ruginous-pubescent, many-flowered, the flowers white, rather crowded on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels very short, the bracts pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, about 1.2 mm long. Sepals ovate, rather thin, obtuse, about 1.2 mm long, pubescent. Outer three petals orbicular-ovate, rounded, about 2.5 mm long, the inner two adnate to the filaments, 1 mm long or less, cleft nearly to the base into two linear-oblong lobes. Fila- ments about 1 mm long, the anthers 1 mm wide, one-half as long; imperfect stamens strongly incurved, channeled, retuse, broadly ovate. Ovary compressed, glabrous, ovoid, about 1 mm long. Luzon, Bontoe Subprovince, Malamey, Vanoverbergh 1181 (type), March 7, 1914, in forests, altitude about 1,600 meters; Ifugao Subprov- int ae i a x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 39 ince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19680 McGregor, February, 1913. Here probably should be referred Loher 268 (herb. Kew.) from Atoc, Benguet Subprovince, a mere fragment of which is in the Herbarium of the Bureau of Science. Closely allied to Meliosma monophylla Merr. of central Luzon, but at once distinguishable by its fewer nerved leaves, about 15 pairs in the present species, about 20 pairs in M. monophylla. MELIOSMA PAUCINERVIA sp. nov. Arbor, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque plus minusve fer- rugineo-hirsutis; foliis pinnatis, usque ad 35 cm longis, foliolis 7 vel 8, subcoriaceis, oblongis, acute acuminatis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, nitidis, margine distanter apiculato-serratis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, prominente anasto- mosantibus; paniculis terminalibus, laxis, circiter 25 cm longis; floribus circiter 3 mm longis; ovario hirsuto. A tree, size not indicated, the younger parts and inflorescence more or less ferruginous-hirsute. Branches reddish-brown when dry, nearly glabrous, the younger ones sparingly hirsute. Leaves pinnate, up to 35 cm in length, the rachis reddish-brown, sparing- ly hirsute, leaflets 7 or 8, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, sub- coriaceous, oblong, sharply acuminate, base acute to somewhat rounded, margins of the larger leaflets with from 4 to 6, distant, small, apiculate, serrate teeth, the upper surface olivaceous when dry, shining, glabrous or the midrib sparingly hirsute, the lower surface paler, sparingly hirsute on the midrib and lateral nerves which are brown in contrast to the paler surface; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, curved, prominently anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiolules spar- ingly hirsute, 5 mm long or less. Panicles terminal, ample, lax, up to 25 em in length, rather prominently ferruginous-hirsute, the branches distant, the lower ones up to 16 cm long, spreading or curved-ascending. Flowers white, racemosely and laxly dis- posed on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels hirsute, 1 to 2 mm long, the bracts oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm long. Sepals pubescent, oblong to ovate, about 2 mm long. Outer three petals orbicular-ovate, rounded, about 3 mm in diameter, with a short ligulelike appendage near the apex inside; two inner petals reduced to mere rudiments, each consisting of two, narrowly linear lobes about 1.2 mm long, adnate to the stamens. Fertile stamens 1.5 mm long, the imperfect ones broad, incurved, oblong-ovate, about 1.5 mm long (spread) and 1 mm wide. Ovary ovoid, hirsute. Minpanao, District of Zamboanga, Santa Maria, Bur. Sci. 16436 Reillo, October, 1912. 40 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 A species well characterized by its distantly and sharply toothed leaflets, few but prominent and prominently anastomosing lateral nerves, lax pani- cles with laxly arranged flowers, and hirsute ovaries. RHAMNACEAE VENTILAGO Gaertner VENTILAGO LANCEOLATA gp. nov. Frutex scandens, partibus junioribus exceptis glaber; ramulis tenuibus, teretibus; foliis lanceolatis, chartaceis, integris, usque ad 8 cm longis, brevissime petiolatis, sursum angustatis, obtusis, basi subacutis ad subrotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, tenui- bus; racemis axillaribus, tenuibus, sub fructu usque ad 6 cm longis, solitariis; fructibus 4 ad 5 cm longis. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the younger parts. Branches slender, terete, the branchlets glabrous or slightly and obscurely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, chartaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, rather pale when dry, shining on both surfaces, entire, gradually narrowed upward to the obtuse apex, the base subacute to subobtuse; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, very slender, curved-ascending, obscurely anastomosing very close to the margins, the reticulations fine, close, evident on both surfaces; petioles glabrous, 2 mm long or less. Racemes axillary, solitary, slender, in fruit up to 6 cm long, slightly pubescent. Fruits, including the wing, 4 to 5 cm long, the basal part nearly 5 mm in diameter, quite glabrous, the wing 7.5 to 10 mm wide, reticulate, somewhat rounded at the apex, shortly apiculate. BriuiraAn, Bur. Sci. 18646 McGregor, June 14, 1914, in thickets near the seashore. A species characterized by its lanceolate, slenderly nerved leaves, and its inflorescence reduced to a simple axillary raceme. ZIZYPHUS Linnaeus ZIZYPHUS OTANESII sp. nov. Arbor circiter 5 m alta, ramulis pubescentibus, spinosis; foliis parvis, suboblique ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis, chartaceis, usque ad 3 cm longis, obtusis, 3-nerviis, subtus parce pubescentibus; fructibus globosis, glabris, 1.5 cm diametro. A tree about 5 m high, the branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, the branchlets with very short sharp spines at the nodes 1 to 2 mm in length, the younger branchlets ferruginous- pubescent. Leaves small, somewhat inequilateral, chartaceous, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, obtuse, base rounded or sub- acute on one side and rounded on the other, 3-nerved, the upper surface olivaceous, glabrous or slightly pubescent on the nerves, x%,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI Al the lower surface slightly paler, sparingly appressed-pubescent, the hairs on the nerves somewhat ferruginous; petioles ferrugi- nous-pubescent, 2 to 3 mm long. Fruits globose, hard, glabrous, smooth, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 17964 Otanes, April 16, 1914, in forests east of the town, known to the Ilocanos as dilap. Manifestly allied to Zizyphus trinervia Poir., but at once distinguished by its much smaller, but slightly pubescent leaves. ELAEOCARPACEAE ELAEOCARPUS Linnaeus ELAEOCARPUS BATAANENSIS sp. nov. § Dicera. Arbor circiter 12 m alta, novellis inflorescentiisque parcissime pilosis exceptis glabra; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, chartaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, nitidis, subtus eglandulosis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, tenuibus; racemis axi- llaribus, 3 ad 4 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 5-meris, sepalis lanceolatis, acuminatis, circiter 5 mm longis, petalis laciniatis, basi cuneatis, margine dense villosis; staminibus 25, antheris apice ciliatis; fructibus 1-locellatis, ellipsoideis, circiter 2.56 cm longis. A tree about 12 m high, quite glabrous except the slightly ap- — pressed-pilose younger branchlets and inflorescence. Branches slender, reddish-brown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, chartaceous, 6 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and the somewhat acuminate apex, margins serrate- crenulate, somewhat olivaceous when dry, shining; lateral nerves slender, about 6 on each side of the midrib, anasto- mosing, the reticulations slender, axils of the leaves eglandular; petioles slender, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, few, 3 to 4 cm long, few-flowered, the pedicels about 5 mm long. Flowers white, 5-merous. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, about 5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, externally very slightly puberulent. Petals 5.5 to 6 mm long, base cuneate, margins in the lower part densely villous with long hairs, the apical 2 mm cut into about 15, very slender, subequal divisions. Stamens about 25, 3 mm long, the anthers narrow, scabrid, cleft at the apex, one cell very slightly exceeding the other and ciliate-bearded at the tip. Ovary pubescent; style slender, lower part somewhat pu- bescent. Fruit ellipsoid or narrowly ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, rounded at both ends, the endocarp hard, bony, 1-celled. Luzon, Province of Bataan, forests back of Limay, For. Bur. 21908 Medina, July 2, 1914, on forested slopes, altitude about 800 meters. Pree a iM eee 8 204 bt Lis RAG a a6 ss cee te a nat $ a ie a) ea “4 + a ¥ a RR: m5 Seg ae * ie. ee ge 42 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 This species is characterized by its few flowers, equally and slenderly divided petals which are densely villous on the margins of the lower one-half, and its eglandular leaves. It is an ally of Elaeocarpus isotri- chus F.-Vill., but has much smaller, quite different leaves. ELAEOCARPUS OLIGANTHUS sp. nov. § Dicera. Arbor parva, plus minusve pubescens; foliis oblongis, char- taceis, usque ad 8 cm longis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, mar- gine leviter crenatis, dentibus tenuiter aristatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6; racemis, axillaribus, solitariis, paucifloris; floribus 5-meris, 5 mm longis, petalis obovatis, 4 laciniatis, laciniis 12, tenuibus, intus dense hirsutis; staminibus 15; ovario 2-loculare, dense villoso; fructibus 2.5 cm longis, vix 1 cm diametro, utrinque angustatis, acutis. A tree about 8 m high, the branchlets, petioles, lower surfaces of the leaves on the midribs, and inflorescence rather densely pubescent. Branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, smooth, very slightly lenticellate. Leaves oblong to broadly oblong-lan- ceolate, 5 to 8 cm long, 1.8 to 3 cm wide, the base acute, the apex acuminate, the margins crenulate, each tooth tipped with a short, slender, awn or mucro, the upper surface shining, the lower a little paler, chartaceous; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, slender; petioles 3 to 4 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, few-flowered, pubescent, 4 to 5 cm long. Flowers 5-merous, their pedicels slender, about 8 mm long, pubescent. Sepals lanceolate, acute, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, slightly pubescent externally, margins densely puberulent, inside glabrous. Petals obovate in outline, 4 mm long, cut one-half to the base into 12, slender, subequal, segments, the lower one-half inside densely hirsute, margins hirsute, back glabrous except near the base. Stamens 15, the anthers narrowly oblong, 2 mm long, minutely scabrid, one cell slightly longer than the ether and shortly ciliate at the apex, both obtuse; filaments 0.56 mm long or less. Ovary densely villous, 2-celled, narrowed upward to the style, densely pale-villous; disk-glands prominent, pubes- cent. Fruit narrowly oblong, about equally narrowed and acute at both ends, smooth, about 2.5 mm long, 0.8 mm in diameter. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Siay River, For. Bur. 18898 Fox- worthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, May 29, 1912, along the river, near sea level. A species characterized by its pubescence, its rather small leaves, its few-flowered racemes, and its petal-characters. It somewhat resembles and probably is closely allied to Elaeocarpus villosiusculus Warb., from which, however, it differs in many characters. TE Te x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 43 ELAEOCARPUS RAMIFLORUS sp. nov. § Ganitrus. Arbor alta partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque leviter pu- berulis vel pubescentibus, vetustioribus glabris; foliis lanceolatis, membranaceis vel chartaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, nitidis, leviter acuminatis, basi acutis, margine obscure crenulatis; racemis numerosis, e axillis defoliatis, circiter 6 cm longis; floribus 5-meris, 6 mm longis, ovario 5-loculare. A tall tree, nearly glabrous except the younger parts and the inflorescence. Branches terete, dark-colored when dry, gla- brous, the growing parts slightly gray-puberulent. Leaves lan- ceolate, membranaceous or somewhat chartaceous, 9 to 12 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed at both ends, the upper surface shining and olivaceous when dry, the lower a little paler and when young a little pubescent along the midrib, becoming quite glabrous, smooth, the apex acuminate, base acute, margins obscurely crenulate; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, slender, rather distinct, usually with glands in the axils; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, somewhat appressed- pubescent. Racemes numerous, about 6 cm long, from the branches below the leaves in the axils of fallen leaves, one raceme from each axil, distinctly pubescent with appressed grayish hairs. Pedicels about 6 mm long, appressed-pubescent. Sepals lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, 4.5 to 5 mm long, externally sparingly appressed-pubescent with grayish hairs, internally slightly puberulent, the margins rather densely so. Petals 5 to 6 mm long, cut one-half way to the base into 9 to 11 slender segments, margins rather prominently pubescent in the lower one-half, the back slightly pubescent in the median part, otherwise glabrous. Stamens many; filaments very short, hispid; anthers linear-oblong, about 2 mm long, minutely hispid, one cell slightly longer than the other and with a tuft of few short cilia at the apex. Ovary globose, villous, 5-celled; style slightly pubescent, 2 mm long. Fruits not seen. Luzon, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, trail between San Antonio and Piape, in forests, Bur. Sci. 18115 Ramos, June, 1912. One of the very few species of the section at present known from the Philippines, characterized by its lanceolate shining leaves and its numer- ous racemes which are borne on the ultimate branches but entirely below the leaves. ELAEOCARPUS CALOMALA (Blanco) comb. nov. Vallea calomala Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 439. Ageracium (Ageratium) calomala Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 306, ed. 3, 2: 204. cee se bl - 44 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Monocera isotricha Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 19? (1846) 494; Walp. Ann. 1, (1848) 112. Elaeocarpus lancaefolius F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 381, non Roxb. Elaeocarpus oblongus F.-Vill. 1. c.; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1883) ¢t. 21, f. A. (poor), Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 72; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 100, p. p.; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 90; Aug. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 636, non Gaertn. Elaeocarpus isotrichus F.-Vill. 1. c.; Aug. DC. 1. ¢. Elaeocarpus philippinensis Warb. in Perk. Frag. Philip. (1904) 100; Aug. DC. 1. c. 636. This much named endemic species is of wide distribution in Luzon and Mindoro, its oldest valid specific name being here adopted. Blanco’s descrip- tion is quite good and agrees perfectly with the material cited below. It is, moreover, the only form known to me from Luzon to which his descrip- tion can be referred. His material was from the Province of Batangas, and his specific name is from its Tagalog name calomala. Elaeocarpus isotrichus (Turcz.) F.-Vill. has been considered by several authors as a species of doubtful status. It was based on Cuming 886 in Turezaninow’s herbarium, but this number in other herbaria is Medinilla cumingii Naud. Through the kindness of the Director of the Botanical Institute of the University of Kharkoff I have been able to examine Turcza- ninow’s type, and find it to be the common Luzon form, identical in all respects with the species recently described by Warburg as Elaeocarpus philippinensis; of the later I have examined the type in the Berlin Herba- rium, an unnumbered specimen of Cuming’s collection. Elaeocarpus oblongus Gaertn. apparently does not occur in the Philip- pines, the numerous specimens so named having been determined as such through error. The exact status of Gaertner’s species is doubtful, as it was based primarily on Ganitrum oblongum Rumph. Herb. Amb. 3: 161, t. 102, from which the specific name was taken. The only description given by Gaertner is that of the fruit, taken from a specimen in the Leiden Herbarium, its origin not indicated. Rumphius’s figure represents a plant with entire leaves, a form entirely different from the Elaeocarpus oblongus of all modern authors except Gaertner and DeCandolle. LuzON, without definite locality, Cuming 836 (type of Monocera isotricha Turcz.), Cuming s. n. (type of Elaeocarpus philippinensis Warb.): Sub- province of Benguet, Elmer 6084: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 2987 Borden, For. Bur. 2852 Meyer, For. Bur. 17602 Curran: Province of Rizal, Phil. Pl. 1065 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 2665 Ramos, Merrill 1719, For. Bur. 454, 2906, 3201 Ahern’s collector: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6693 Kobbe. MINDORO, Merrill 1174, 2875, Whitford 1892, For. Bur. $727, 4059 Merritt. THYMELAEACEAE AQUILARIA Lamark AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS Lam. Encycl. 1 (1783) 49; Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 757 (1912) 264. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Salauigan, For. Bur. 21452 Alvarez, May, 1914. The identification was originally made from Gamble’s description, Alva- rez’s specimens being in fruit, no flowers available. Through the kindness of Mr. I. H. Burkill, director of the Botanic Garden, Singapore, I have x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 45 recently received a fruiting specimen of Lamark’s species from Malacca, and consider the Philippine plant to be specifically identical with the Malacca one. The genus is new to the Philippines. BEGONIACEAE BEGONIA Linnaeus BEGONIA ALBA sp. nov. § Diploclinium. Herba parce bruneo-setosa praesertim partibus junioribus; foliis longe petiolatis, subreniformibus vel subrotundatis, inte- gris vel leviter undulatis, basi profunde subaequaliter cordatis, palmatim 7- vel 9-nerviis; floribus masculinis paucis, albis, cir- citer 2.5 cm diametro, bracteis orbicularibus, deciduis; stami- nibus circiter 20. A succulent herb, the rhizome creeping, rather slender, gla- brous or nearly so, the stipules persistent only at the growing tip, sparingly brown-setose, ovate, acuminate, submembranaceous, about 1.5 cm long. Petioles up to 30 cm in length, glabrous, or when young with few, long, scattered, brown, setose hairs. Leaves chartaceous when dry, pale-brownish, orbicular or sub- reniform, up to 15 cm long and 17 cm wide, entire or the margins slightly undulate, very broadly rounded, subequilateral, the base deeply and subequally cordate, the sinus very narrow, up to 4 cm deep, the basal lobes very broadly rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower with long scattered, brown hairs when young, becoming glabrous or nearly so, the margins dis- tinctly brown-setose; nerves 7 or 9, radiating from the base, prominent, forked, the lateral ones above the base 2, rarely 3 pairs; petioles up to 30 cm in length, brown-setose when young, becoming glabrous. Scape rather slender, 20 cm long or less, the staminate flowers few, subumbellately cymose at the apex of the peduncle, the primary branches 2 or 3, 1 cm long or less. Bracts prominent, orbicular or subreniform, membranaceous, deciduous, white, about 6 mm in diameter, two subtending each flower. Staminate flowers: Sepals 2, elliptic to elliptic-orbi- cular, broadly rounded, about 12 mm long. Petals 2, oblong- oblanceolate, about 10 mm long, narrowed below. Stamens about 20; filaments 1 mm long; anthers narrowly obovoid, as long as the filaments. Pistillate flowers and fruits not seen. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19968 McGregor, February, 1913. A very characteristic species, at once distinguishable by its nearly equilateral, entire, deeply and subequally cordate leaves, and by its few, comparatively large, white flowers. In vegetative characters it resembles Begonia suborbiculata Merr., of Palawan, but is entirely different from that species in its floral characters. Sera a Ba an a. es i? a An ae Sa a 2 7 Ral i 46 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 BEGONIA BILIRANENSIS sp. nov. § Diploclinium. Herba subtus foliis ad nervos petiolis pedunculisque brunneo- setosis, caulibus prostratis; foliis confertis, longe petiolatis, usque ad 22 cm longis, oblique ovatis, acuminatis, valde inae- quilateraliter cordatis, margine undulatis vel parce undulato- lobatis; inflorescentiis folia subaequantibus, multifloris, floribus masculinis circiter 11 mm diametro, sepalis orbiculari-ovatis, quam petalis multo latioribus; staminibus circiter 60; capsulis circiter 1 cm longis, 1.5 cm latis, subaequaliter 3-alatis, alis rotundatis. Stems creeping, rather stout, more or less brown-setose and with brown, ovate, acuminate stipules about 1 cm long, the leaves crowded, the peduncles, leaves on the nerves beneath, and petioles prominently brown-setose, the petioles 11 to 18 cm long. Leaf-blades obliquely ovate, strongly inequilaterally cordate, submembranaceous when dry, 15 to 22 cm long, 10 to 15 cm wide, acuminate, margins undulate or somewhat undulate-lobed, the upper surface somewhat olivaceous when dry, slightly shin- ing, minutely puncticulate, glabrous, the lower surface greenish- or brownish-olivaceous, the nerves in strong contrast, brown, brown-setose on the nerves and primary reticulations, every- where white-puncticulate, the nerves about 10. Inflorescence about as long as the leaves, long-peduncled, ample, with both male and female flowers. Male flowers white or very pale-pink, | about 11 mm in diameter. Sepals orbicular-ovate, rounded, about 5.5 mm long, 5 mm wide. Petals oblong-obovate, rounded, narrowed below, as long as the sepals, about 2 mm wide. Sta- mens about 60; anthers 0.6 mm long, obovoid, as long as the filaments. Female flowers: Sepals 2, broadly elliptic-ovate, rounded, about 6 mm long, 5 mm wide. Petals 2, as long as the sepals, oblong-obovate, 2.5 mm wide. Styles 3, about 3 mm long, forked above, the stigmas spiral. Capsules about 1 em long, 1.5 cm wide, including the wings, the wings 3, subequal, rounded. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18822 (type), 18760, 18544 McGregor, June, 1914, on rocks in forests, altitude 100 to 800 meters. A species allied to Begonia mindorensis Merr., but with larger leaves, smaller flowers, and decidedly larger fruits. BEGONIA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. § Petermannia. Herba erecta, ramosa, B. cwmingii affinis, differt foliis latio- ribus, usque ad 9 cm latis, minus pubescentibus, floribus mas- culinis multo minoribus, petalis circiter 5 mm longis. An erect branched herb, nearly glabrous. Leaves inequilat- eral, broadly oblong to oblong-ovate, 11 to 18 em long, 7 to 9 x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI AT cm wide, chartaceous, the apex abruptly short-acuminate, the base scarcely narrowed, one side much narrower then the other, acute, the broader side very broadly rounded, forming a shallow, wide sinus with the petiole, the margins irregularly and rather coarsely toothed, not at all lobed, the primary teeth very broad, short, acute, the shallow sinuses denticulate; upper surface glab- rous, subolivaceous when dry, slightly shining, the lower surface much paler, glabrous except for the slightly subfurfuraceous nerves; nerves prominent, nearly straight, forked, the basal ones usually 9, of which 2, sometimes 3, are on the narrower side of the lamina, the lateral nerves above the base 2 on the narrower side, 3 on the broader side, ascending, the reticulations lax, in- distinct; petioles 3.5 to 5.5 cm long, when young somewhat brown-furfuraceous; stipules 2 cm long. Staminate and pis- _ tillate flowers in different inflorescences on the same plant. Sta- minate inflorescence terminal, lax, divaricately branched, up to 10 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers pink or white. Sepals 2, orbicular, about 5mmin diameter. Petalsnone. Stamens about 30; anthers ellipsoid, about 1 mm long, equaling the filaments. Pistillate inflorescence axillary and terminal, few-flewered, 5 cm long or less, each flower subtended by 2, deciduous, oblong- elliptic, acute er obtuse, membranaceous bracts. Sepals 5, nar- rowly elliptic, narrowed at both ends, acute, about 1.3 em long. Mature capsules, including the wings, turbinate, about 2 cm long, 2.5 em wide, subequally 3-winged, the apex truncate, the upper outer corners of the wings rounded, the base broadly rounded. Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, near Imugan, Bur. Sci. 20074 McGregor, January, 1912. In comparison with Begonia cumingii A. Gray (B. philippinensis A. DC.), to which the species is manifestly allied, the striking differences are in the small staminate flowers and the relatively broad, nearly glabrous leaves of the present species. BEGONIA MEGALANTHA sp. nov. § Petermannia. Species B. merrittii affinis, differt ramulis et subtus foliis ad nervos prominente pubescentibus, foliis subintegris vel leviter dentatis, vix lobatis, petiolo brevioribus, floribus majorions, pe- talis usque ad 2.5 cm longis. An erect, branched shrub 1 to 2 m high, the stems very woody, stout. Branches and branchlets more or less zig-zag, prom- inently pubescent with short, more or less crisped, pale-brown f be hairs. Leaves inequilateral, oblong, chartaceous, 5 to 10 cm long, 1.8 to 4 cm wide, the upper surface brownish or olivaceous, glightly shining, the lower surface paler, densely puncticulate, ‘ glabrous except the midrib and nerves which are prominently ats = i 48 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 brown-pubescent, the hairs similar to those on the branchlets, the apex slenderly acuminate, somewhat falcate, the base not at all or but slightly narrowed on the broadly rounded wider side, slightly narrowed and acute or somewhat cordate on the narrower side, the margins distantly and slightly toothed, not at all lobed, the base 6 or 7-nerved, the primary lateral nerves above the base 2 on the narrower side, usually 3 on the broader side, ascending, forked, prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles brown-pubescent, 2 to 4 mm long; stipules oblong, submembranaceous, about 7 mm long, their midribs excurrent as long and slender apiculi. Staminate and pis- tillate flowers on separate inflorescences on the same plant, in rather lax, few-flowered, terminal cymes, sometimes reduced to two or three, long-pedicelled flowers. Staminate flowers: Sepals 2, pure white to somewhat pink, broadly ovate, membranaceous, glabrous, 2 to 2.5 cm long, 2 to 2.3 cm wide, the base broadly cordate, the apex broadly rounded. Petals none. Stamens about 50, inserted on the slightly elongated torus, the filaments 2.5 mm long, the anthers narrowly oblong-obovoid, about 1.5 mm long. Bracts membranaceous, apiculate, about 7 mm long. Pistillate flowers: Bracts elliptic-ovate, membranaceous, 1 cm long, apiculate, two subtending each flower, deciduous; pedicels slender, pubescent, about 2.5 cm long. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, membranaceous, acute or obtuse, about 2.3 cm long. Stigmas spirally arranged. Capsules turbinate, including the wings about 1.5 cm long and wide, subequally 3-winged, the apex trun- cate or somewhat cordate, the tips of the wings broadly rounded, the base acute or subtruncate, breadly rounded. LuZON, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19857, 19858, 19859, 19860 (type) McGregor, February, 1913. A striking species, manifestly closely allied to Begonia merrittii Merr., from which it is distinguished by the numerous characters indicated in the diagnosis. It is remarkable for its large size, the development of woody tissue in the stems, and its very large flowers. BEGONIA LANCIFOLIA sp. nov. § Petermannia. Erecta vel suberecta, ramosa, usque ad 60 cm alta, glabra, ramis ramulisque tenuibus; foliis lanceolatis, in siccitate mem- branaceis, viridis, usque ad 12 cm longis, deorsum angustatis, basi acutis vel obtusis, subaequilateralibus, apice longissime caudato- acuminatis, margine grosse irregulariter sinuato-lobatis ; inflores- centiis terminalibus, paniculatis, tenuibus; floribus ¢ parvis, sepalis 2, petalis 0; capsulis 8 mm longis, aequaliter 3-alatis. An erect or suberect branched glabrous herb 60 cm high or x,¢,1. Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 49 more, the stems and branches slender, pale-brown when dry, sometimes geniculate and emitting small roots at the nodes. Leaves lanceolate, when dry membranaceous, green, of nearly the same color on both surfaces, glabrous, 8 to 12 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, narrowed below to the acute or obtuse, nearly equal or slightly inequilateral base, not at all cordate, the apex very long and slenderly caudato-acuminate, the acumen sharply toothed, the margins in the basal part entire, in the median por- tions coarsely and irregularly sinuate-lobed, about 3 lobes on each side of the midrib, the lobes acute, broad, the sinuses mostly rather shallow, rounded; stipules lanceolate, long and slenderly aristate-acuminate, about 10 mm long, 2 mm wide at the base; petioles slender, 1 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, 9 cm long or less, the branches and branchlets rather few, very slender, one or more female flowers at the base, the male flowers above, apparently rather numerous but early deciduous. Male flowers: Sepals 2, orbicular, broadly rounded, in nearly mature bud 4 mm in diameter. Petals none. Stamens about 25, the anthers oblong-obovoid, nearly 1 mm long. Capsules about 8 mm long, including the 3 subequal wings about 1.4 cm wide, the base trun- cate, the apex broadly rounded or subtruncate, the wings thin, rounded. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16162 Reillo, August 28, 1912, in forests, Cuma- larang River. Most closely allied to Begonia littleri Merr., also known only from Basi- lan, but distinguished by its entirely different leaves, and its equally 3-winged eapsules. From B. longistipula Merr. and B. palawanensis it not only differs in its much narrower, differently shaped leaves, but also in its very much smaller capsules. BEGONIA LACERA sp. nov. § Petermannia. Species praecedente affinis, differt foliis brevioribus angus- tioribusque, usque ad 7 cm longis, 1 cm latis, irregulariter lace- rato-lobatis, stipulis brevioribus, circiter 6 mm longis, sepalis (fl. 3) late ovatis, subacutis. An erect, branched, slender herb about 40 cm high, quite glabrous, the branches and branchlets reddish-brown when dry, slender. Leaves lanceolate, thinly membranaceous when dry, green, 3 to 7 cm long, about 1 cm wide, narrowed to the sub- equilateral acute or obtuse base, the apex very long and slenderly caudate-acuminate, the margins irregularly lacerate-lobed in the median portion, the basal portion entire, the long and slender acumen sharply and rather coarsely toothed, the lobes few, rather narrow, acute or acuminate; petioles 5 mm long or less; 131281——-4 ta gy or 4 aT ees Bes re A tes a na oe ee Ot | 50 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 stipules lanceolate, 6 mm long, 1.8 mm wide below, long and slenderly aristate-acuminate. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal or in the uppermost axil, lax, 4 cm long or less, the branches 4g few, slender. Flowers few, the staminate ones with 2, broadly a ovate, subacute or obtuse, not rounded, sepals 3 mm in length. _ Petals none. Stamens about 20. Anthers broadly obovoid, & rounded, 0.6 mm long. Female flowers apparently solitary at : the base of the staminate panicle, the sepals lanceolate, acumi- nate or acute, 4 mm long, 1.2 to 1. mm wide. Stigmas 3, about 1 mm long, spirally twisted. Capsules not seen, but from the female flowers (in anthesis) apparently equally 3-winged. a BASILAN, Cumalarang River, in forests, Bur. Sci. 16111 Reillo, August Bo 30, 1912. A rather striking species, distinguishable by its lanceolate, very slen- derly acuminate, more or less lacerate-lobed leaves which are narrowed to the subequilateral acute or obtuse bases. It is manifestly allied to - Begonia lancifolia Merr., but can be readily distinguished by its smaller, » . more narrowly lobed leaves, shorter petioles and stipules, subacute or obtuse sepals of the male flowers and fewer shorter anthers. BEGONIA OLIGANTHA sp. nov. § Petermannia. Herba erecta, parce ramosa, glabra, circiter 30 cm alta; foliis oblongis, vel anguste oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis, usque ad 7 cm longis, sinuato-dentatis, acuminatis, deorsum angustatis, s leviter inequilateralibus, basi minute oblique subauriculatis; in- , florescentiis terminalibus, paucifloris, floribus ¢ circiter 18 mm diametro, sepalis 2, late ovatis, petalis 2, oblanceolatis; capsulis y 1.3 cm longis, aequaliter 3-alatis, basi rotundatis, apice truncatis. 4 | An erect herb, glabrous throughout, about 30 cm high, spar- A ingly branched, the stems and branches reddish-brown when dry. Leaves membranaceous when dry, green, oblong to nar- : rowly oblong-obovate, 5 to 7 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, slightly = falcate, narrowed below to the slightly inequilateral, obtuse, % obliquely subauriculate base, and above to the slenderly acumi- nate apex, the margins distantly and irregularly sinuate- toothed; petioles 2 to 7 mm long; stipules narrowly lanceolate, long and slenderly acuminate, about 12 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. % Inflorescence terminal or in the uppermost axil, paniculate, 5 to Bs 7 cm long, the branches very few, few-flowered, slender. Male 3 flowers: Sepals 2, broadly ovate, 9 to 10 mm long, about 6 mm eo wide, obtuse or narrowly rounded. Petals 2, oblanceolate, ob- tuse, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide. Stamens about 20, inserted on g the elongated torus; anthers narrowly obovoid, rounded, base a acute, 1.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers apparently solitary at ee the base of each panicle. Capsules 1.3 cm long, 1 to 1.5 em ae Spits Be cee x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 51 wide, equally 3-winged, broadly rounded at the base, the. apex truncate, the upper outer angles sharp. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Sumilao, Bur. Sci. 15783 Fénix, August 4, 1912, on wet rocky slopes, locally known as tabaring. A species with the vegetative characters of Begonia littleri Merr., in general similar to that species, and to the allied forms B. brevipes Merr., B. longistipula Merr., and B. palawanensis Merr. It is at once distin- guished by its large male flowers, which in this species are about 2 cm in diameter, while in the above species they do not exeeed 1 cm in diameter. BEGONIA LATISTIPULA sp. nov. § Petermannia. Herba erecta, ramosa, ramis ramulisque crassis, teretibus, parce setoso-ciliatis; foliis usque ad 13 cm longis, valde inaequi- lateralibus, oblongis vel ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, irregulariter lobatis denticulatisque, lateraliter cordatis, basi haud angustatis; stipulis 1.5 ad 2 cm longis, ovatis, cilato-setosis; floribus paucis, axillaribus, fasciculatis, ¢ 1 vel 2, longe pedicellatis, circiter 3 cm diametro, ¢ solitariis, subsessilibus; capsulis aequaliter 3- alatis, apice truncatis, basi acutis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, 2 cm latis. An erect, sparingly branched, rather stout herb at least 50 cm in height, the stems and branches, stipules, petioles, and young leaves on the lower surface more or less setose-ciliate. Branches terete, reddish-brown when dry. Leaves thinly mem- branaceous when dry, strongly inequilateral, oblong to ovate- oblong, somewhat falcate, 9 to 13 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, when young ciliate-setose with brown hairs on the nerves of the lower surface, becoming glabrous or nearly so, the margins irregularly lobed, the broader side with one or two rather coarse, acute lobes and 5 or 6 much smaller ones more like coarse teeth, irregularly ciliate-denticulate, the apex rather slenderly acu- minate, the base scarcely narrowed, prominently laterally cord- ate, the lobes rounded, that of the broader side very much wider than that of the narrow side; petioles 8 to 15 mm long, rather densely setose-ciliate with brown hairs; stipules ovate, some- what inequilateral and slightly falcate, membranaceous, 1.5 to 2 cm long, 1 to 1.2 em wide, prominently ciliate-setose on the margins, the midrib excurrent as a short mucro. Flowers ax- illary, fascicled, one male and one female, or two males and one female in the same axil. Male flowers: Pedicels slender, up to 2 cm long. Sepals 2, broadly ovate, rounded, 1.5 cm long. _ Petals none. Stamens about 20, inserted on the elongated torus; _ anthers narrowly ovoid, 2 mm long, rounded. Capsule subses- 3 Z _sile or shortly pedicelled, triangular, the base acute, the apex ng AO ot. ae ee ee eee 52 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 truncate, the outer upper angles sharp, about 1.5 cm long and 2 cm wide across the apex. LEYTE, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15867 Ramos, August, 1912, in forests near the summit of Mount Buraui. A characteristic species readily distinguishable by its broad stipules and its rather large axillary fascicled flowers, two or three flowers in a fascicle, one of which is pistillate and one or two staminate, the former shortly pedicelled or subsessile, the latter long and slenderly pedicelled. Its alliance seems to be with Begonia robinsonii Merr., which, however, it does not greatly resemble. ERICACEAE DIPLYCOSIA Blume DIPLYCOSIA FASCICULIFLORA sp. nov. Species D. parvifoliae affinis, differt floribus fasciculatis, pedi- cellis brevioribus, ramis ramulisque glabris, vix setosis. — Apparently scandent, probably epiphytic, the branches terete, glabrous, dark reddish-brown, the branchlets paler, glabrous, not at all setose. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, dull, 2 to 4 cm long, 1 to 1.5 ecm wide, when young with few, long, slender, brown, setose hairs on the margins, and scattered ones on both surfaces, when mature quite glabrous, the midrib prominent, lateral nerves obsolete, base and apex acute; petioles 2 to 3 mm long, slightly setose. Flowers small, pedicelled, in axillary fascicles, up to 8 in each fascicle, the pedicels slender, glabrous, 5 mm long or less, the basal bracts small, the apical bracteoles very broadly ovate, obscurely acuminate, puberulent. Calyx glabrous, somewhat accrescent and 2.5 mm long, the lobes triangular, acute, about 1 mm long. Corolla and stamens not seen. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19758 McGregor, February 1, 1913. A species very similar and manifestly closely allied to Diplycosia parvi- folia Merr., of Negros, strongly resembling that species in vegetative characters, especially in the obsolete lateral nerves and reticulations. It differs from that species, however, in its flowers being fascicled, not solitary, its longer pedicels, and somewhat larger leaves. VACCINIUM Linnaeus VACCINIUM IRIGAENSE sp. nov. Frutex glaber, circiter 5 m altus; foliis usque ad 6 cm longis, coriaceis, oblongo-obovatis, petiolatis, utrinque angustatis, basi acutis, tenuiter 5- vel 7-plinerviis, apice subrostrato-acuminatis ; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 6 cm longis, multifloris; floribus 1 cm longis, oblongis, sursum angustatis, ebracteolatis; filamentis pilosis. x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 53 A glabrous shrub about 5 m high, the branches dark reddish- brown, terete, shining, the branchlets brownish. Leaves coria- ceous, rather narrowly oblong-obovate, 4.5 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, shining, the lower surface paler than the upper, narrowed below to the acute and slenderly 5- or 7-plinerved base, and above to the somewhat rostrate-acuminate apex, the acumen blunt, less than 1 cm long; reticulations slender, lax; petioles 5 mm long or less. Racemes axillary, solitary up to 6 cm long, rather many flowered. Flowers red, 1 cm long, their pedicels 6 to 7 mm long, ebracteate. Calyx glabrous, about 1.5 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter, the lobes broadly ovate, blunt, 1 mm long or less. Corolla oblong, 3 mm in diameter below, narrowed above and 1 mm in diameter under the orifice, glabrous, the lobes slightly spreading, oblong, obtuse, 1 mm long. Stamens 10; filaments flattened below, somewhat pilose, 4 mm long; anthers oblong, truncate, straight or slightly curved, 1.5 mm long. Style stout, glabrous, 8 mm long. LuzON, Province of Camarines, Mount Iriga, Phil. Pl. 1549 Ramos, December 3, 1913, in the mossy forest. A species manifestly allied to Vaccinium caudatum Warb., from which it differs in its quite differently shaped leaves and larger flowers. VACCINIUM MACGREGORII sp. nov. Frutex erectus (vel scandens ?), inflorescentiis parce pubes- centibus exceptis glaber; foliis magnis, coriaceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, petiolatis, basi acutis, apice subcaudato-acuminatis, anguste ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, basi prominente 7-plinerviis; racemis paucifloris, pubescentibus, axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 9 cm longis, bracteolis oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 2 cm longis, deciduis; corolla rubra, 1.6 cm longa, supra leviter am- pliata. An erect (or scandent ?) shrub, the branches slender, brown- ish, striate, somewhat zig-zag between the distant leaves, glabrous. Leaves narrowly ovate to oblong-ovate, coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, 14 to 18 cm long, 6 to 7 em wide, entire, the base acute, the apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the base prominently 7-plinerved, sometimes with an additional outer fainter pair, the inner one or two pairs reaching the apex, the primary reticulations lax, the ultimate ones rather dense; petioles stout, 8 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, up to 8 cm in length, each about 10-flowered, all parts sparingly pubes- _ cent with short, white, scattered hairs, the bracteoles oblong- lanceolate, sharply acuminate, about 2 cm long, deciduous, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm long. Calyx-tube cup-shaped, slightly con- stricted above, the limb somewhat spreading, making the whole 54 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 calyx somewhat urceolate, the tube 2.5 mm long, about 3 mm in diameter, the lobes 5, broadly triangular, acute or acuminate, 1.8 mm long, margins distinctly ciliate. Corolla red, slightly funnel-shaped, rather broad, 1.6 cm long, sparingly pubescent outside, the lobes 5, short, acute or rounded, about 4 mm wide and 2 mm long. Stamens 10; filaments 9 mm long, more or less pilose with long white hairs; anthers 8.5 mm long, narrowly oblong, base slightly curved and apiculate, the apical tubes laterally compressed, 5 mm long, the slit slightly oblique. Top of the ovary somewhat white-hispid; style 1.5 cm long, glabrous. Fruit unknown. LuzON, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19846 McGregor, February 11, 1913, indicated by the collector, with query, as a vine. A species manifestly allied to Vacciniwm indutum Vidal from which it is distinguished by its larger, more prominently nerved, glabrous or nearly glabrous leaves; from Vaccinium barandanum Vid., which it also resembles, it is distinguished by the vegetative characters just indicated and its pubescent inflorescence. VACCINIUM TURBINATUM sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus, glaber; foliis crasse coriaceis, obovatis ad anguste obovatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, obtusis vel abrupte bre- viter obtuseque acuminatis, basi acutis, integris, margine re- volutis, nervis utrinque 6, tenuibus, adscendentibus; floribus ignotis; racemis in axillis superioribus vel terminalibus, fruc- tibus longe pedicellatis, turbinatis, circiter 4 superioribus, 7 mm diametro. An epiphytic glabrous shrub (flowers unknown), the branches olivaceous or brownish and more or less suleate when dry, the growing parts reddish-brown. Leaves thickly coriaceous, ob- ovate to narrowly obovate, 5 to 9 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, apex obtuse or abruptly, broadly, shortly, and obtusely acumin- ate, the base acute, entire, the margins revolute, with usually one or two pairs of prominent glands above the insertion of the petiole, shining on both surfaces, the upper surface pale, the lower one brownish when dry; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, ascending, slender, not prominent, anastomos- ing; petioles stout, 5 to 7 mm long; bracteoles deciduous (not seen). Flowers unkown. Racemes, in fruit, about 5 cm long, in the uppermost axils or terminal, solitary, few, the pedicels about 1.5 cm long, thickened upward and about 2 mm thick at the apex, distinctly jointed to the calyx. Fruit turbinate, about 5 mm in diameter, one-third superior, the persistent calyx-teeth broadly triangular, acute or obtuse, about 2 mm long. LuZON, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, in forests on trees, Bur. Sci. 15068 Ramos, June, 1912. x,C,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 55 A characteristic species distinguishable by its fruit being one-third superior, the rounded upper part of the fruit as wide as the calyx in its thickest part, protruding above the persistent calyx-teeth. The plant somewhat resembles Vacciniwm jagori Warb. in vegetative characters, but has larger, longer petioled leaves. RHODODENDRON Linnaeus RHODODENDRON LEYTENSE sp. nov. § Vireya ? Frutex epiphyticus, subglaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis coriaceis, alternis vel subverticillatis, oblongis vel oblongo- ellipticis, usque ad 7 cm longis, utrinque angustatis acutisque, supra nitidis, subtus lepidotis, nervis lateralibus utrinque cir- citer 8, tenuibus, obscuris; floribus terminalibus, in umbellis sessilibus dispositis, bracteis involucrantibus caducis, oblongis, acuminatis, circiter 2.5 cm longis; corolla flava, 4 cm longa, late tubuloso-campanulata. An epiphytic, nearly glabrous shrub, the branches and branch- lets terete, grayish or reddish-brown, smooth, the ultimate ones about 2.56 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate or subverticillate, coriaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 4 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, subequally narrowed to both the acute base and apex, or the base sometimes a little decurrent-acuminate, brownish when dry, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower some- what paler, and with numerous, but not densely arranged, brown lepidote scales; lateral nerves slender, obscure, about 8 on each side of the midrib; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence ter- minal, the flowers in sessile umbels, in bud quite enclosed by im- bricate bracts, the bracts caducous, brown when dry, glabrous, shining, oblong, acuminate, about 2.5 cm long, the bracteoles narrow. Flowers yellow, usually 4 or 5 in each umbel, their pedicels pubescent, about 1 cm long in anthesis, twice as long in young fruit. Calyx obsolete, represented by a mere thicken- ing of the apex of the pedicel. Corolla broadly tubular-cam- panulate, yellow, about 4 cm long, the tube broad, about 2 cm long, the lobes broadiy elliptic to obovate, rounded, 1.3 to 1.5 cm wide. Stamens 9 or 10, the filaments slender, a little un- equal; anthers oblong, obtuse, 3mm long. Ovary rather densely pubescent, cylindric, elongated, narrowed upward into the style which is pubescent below and glabrous above; stigma with 5, stout, broad, obtuse lobes. LEYTE, Mount Ibuni, back of Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15252 Ramos, August 23, 1912, growing in the tops of trees. A rather characteristic species, among the Philippine forms perhaps most closely allied to Rhododendron kochii Stein, although entirely different from that species in many details of its leaves, and in the color and character of its flowers. 56 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 SAPOTACEAE BASSIA Koenig There appears to be no reason whatever for substituting the generic designation Jllipe for Bassia, as Baillon and Engler have done. This conclusion has been reached by Trimen, Cooke, and Gamble,’ and at my request Mr. F. V. Coville has examined the original publication of the two names, expressing the opinion that ZJllipe, as published in Linn. Mantissa 2 (1771) 5638, has no standing whatever as a published generic name. It is manifest that Koenig merely intended IJllipe to represent one, of the native names of the original species, Bassia longifolia Linn. This status of the names Bassia and Iilipe is confirmed by Richter.' Following Engler and Prantl several Philippine species have been referred to the genus Jilipe, but are now transferred to the genus Bassia. It is possible that more complete material will necessitate the transfer of some to the genus Payena. BASSIA BETIS (Blanco) comb. nov. Azaola betis Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 402. Payena betis F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 1265. Illipe betis Merr. in Bull. Bureau of Forestry (Philip.) 1 (1903) 46. A large tree of wide distribution in the Philippines, yielding a valuable timber commercially known as betis. BASSIA CORIACEA (Merr.) comb. nov. Illipe coriacea Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 41. BASSIA MULTIFLORA (Merr.) comb. nov. Illipe multiflora Merr. 1. c. BASSIA RAMIFLORA (Merr.) comb. nov. Illipe ramiflora Merr. 1. c. 42. BASSIA MONTICOLA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 8 m alta, glabra vel subglabra; foliis crasse coriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, pallidis, nitidis, usque ad 14 cm longis, obtusis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15; fructibus fasciculatis, e ramis defoliatis, ovoideis ad oblongo-ovoideis, in siccitate brunneis, glabris; sepalis late ovatis, extus parce pubescentibus glabrescentibus, circiter 6 mm longis. A tree up to 8 m in height, nearly glabrous. Branches stout, terete, brownish, brown-pubescent at the attachment of the pedicels, otherwise glabrous, the branchlets with numerous peti- olar scars. Leaves crowded near the apices of the branchlets, oblong to somewhat oblong-oblanceolate, thickly coriaceous, when dry pale and shining on both surfaces, 9 to 14 cm long, ‘Trimen FI. Ceyl. 2: 79; Cooke Bombay Flora (cited by Gamble) ; Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 72? (1905) 176. *Codex Botanicus Linnaeanus (1840) 455. x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 57 3 to 4 cm wide; narrowed upward to the obtuse apex and below to the cuneate base; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct on the lower surface, the reticulations lax, not prominent; petioles stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers not seen. Fruits numerous, fascicled on the branches in the axils of fallen leaves, their pedicels brown, 1.2 to 2.2 cm long, glabrous, the points of attachment densely brown furfuraceous-pubescent. Young fruits brown when dry, ovoid to oblong-ovoid, glabrous, about 1.5 cm long, tipped by the rather stout 1 cm long style, the persistent calyx-lobes four, 2-seriate, broadly ovate, coria- ceous, obtuse, the outer two about 6 mm long, 5 mm wide, the inner two somewhat thinner and a little broader, outside with few, appressed, dark-brown, shining hairs, becoming nearly or quite glabrous. PALAWAN, Silanga Peak, Merrill 9622, May 30, 1918, in forests on the exposed peak, summit, altitude about 530 meters, distributed as Payena. Apparently allied to Bassia multiflora Merr., but with relatively much narrower, less prominently nerved leaves. BASSIA OBOVATIFOLIA sp. nov. Arbor glabra circiter 20 m alta; foliis crasse coriaceis, obo- vatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, in siccitate nitidis, pallidis, apice obtusis, rotundatis vel retusis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12; fructibus e axillis defoliatis, ellipsoideis, circiter 2.5 em longis, pedicellis circiter 2 cm longis, sursum incrassatis ; sepalis persistentibus, circiter 5 mm latis, irregulariter lacerato- retusis. A tree about 20 m in height, entirely glabrous, the branches reddish-brown, terete, somewhat wrinkled when dry. Leaves thickly coriaceous, obovate to oblong-obovate, 7 to 12 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide, pale and shining when dry, apex obtuse, broadly rounded or retuse, base narrowed, cuneate, margins recurved; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations lax, not prominent; petioles stout, about 1.5 cm long. Fruits solitary or in pairs in the axils of fallen leaves on the ultimate branchlets, in general ellipsoid, coarsely wrinkled when dry, pale-brownish, about 2.5 cm long, the style persistent as a slender straight apiculus up to 1 cm in length. Persistent calyx lobes 4, in two pairs, suborbicular, concave, coriaceous, about 5 mm wide, irregularly lacerate-retuse; pedicels about 2 em long, rather prominently thickened upward. Luzon, Province of Camarines, near Daet, For. Bur. 21426 (type), 21454 Alvarez, May, 1914, on forested slopes, 20 to 50 meters altitude. A species similar to and manifestly closely allied to Bassia coriacea Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its obovate leaves and fewer lateral nerves; distributed as Palaquium. AS TER PGS ae We > Bee need SE ote fo te EA got ¥ 58 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 BASSIA MINDANAENSIS sp. nov. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, floribus exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, usque ad 23 cm longis, subcoriaceis, in siccitate brun- neis, nitidis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 15 ad 17, subtus prominentibus; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, sepalis 2-seriatis, extus pubescentibus, circiter 7.5 mm longis; staminibus circiter 30; ovario glabro, 8-loculare. A tree about 15 m high, glabrous except the flowers. Ultimate branches subterete, brown, smooth. Leaves oblong, subcoria- ceous, brown and shining when dry, 12 to 23 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, base shortly but rather prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt, base acute, sometimes a little inequilateral; lateral nerves 15 to 17 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations rather fine, distinct; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Flowers white, fragrant, axillary, about 3 in each fascicle, their pedicels somewhat appressed-pubescent, 10 to 12 mm long. Sepals four, 2-seriate, the outer two broadly ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, appressed-pubescent, about 7.5 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, the inner two thinner, somewhat narrower, their margins ciliate. Corolla tube about 3.5 mm long, enlarged upward, villous inside, the lobes 8, erect, oblong-lanceolate, ob- tuse, 6 to 7 mm long, 1.5 to 2 mm wide. Stamens about 30, the filaments very short; anthers lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, about 4 mm long, slightly pubescent. Ovary glabrous, 8-celled; style about 1 cm long. MINDANAO, Province of Misamis, east of Mount Catmon, For. Bur. 17977 Miranda, February 21, 1913, in forests along streams, altitude about 120 meters. A species recognizable by its leaves turning brown in drying, its prominent nerves, and its glabrous ovaries. BASSIA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. Arbor alta, floribus exceptis glabra; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 30 cm longis, coriaceis, pallidis, nitidis, apice rotundatis vel brevissime obtuse abrupteque acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 23, subtus valde prominentibus; floribus axil- laribus, longe pedicellatis, sepalis coriaceis, extus leviter pubes- centibus, late ovatis, obtusis, circiter 8 mm longis. A tree reaching a height of about 20 meters, glabrous except the flowers. Ultimate branchlets terete, brown, 4 to 5 mm in diameter. Leaves oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 23 to 30 cm \ long, 10 to 13 cm wide, pale and shining when dry, the apex rounded or very shortly, broadly, obtusely, and abruptly acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves about 23 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-spreading, scarcely anas- xc,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 59 tomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles 4.5 to 5.5 cm long, much thickened and rugose at the base. Flowers axillary, about 5 in each axil, the pedicels glabrous or very slightly pubescent, nearly 3 cm long. Calyx-lobes four, 2-seriate, coriaceous, broadly ovate, obtuse, about 8 mm long, 7 mm wide. Corolla and stamens not seen. Fruit “green, globose” (not seen) ; seeds brown, shining, about 18 mm long, 10 mm wide, slightly com- pressed, acute. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Margosatubig, For. Bur. 21873 Villa- mil, June 9, 1914, forested slopes, altitude about 70 meters. A species characterized by its large leaves with numerous, very prom- inent nerves; flowering specimens may show it to belong in some other genus. SIDEROXYLON Linnaeus SIDEROXYLON VILLAMILII sp. nov. Arbor alta partibus junioribus floribusque parce pubescentibus exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nitidis, sursum angustatis, obtusis, basi cuneatis vel decurrento-acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, subtus prominentibus; floribus parvis, axillaribus, fasciculatis, breviter pedicellatis; sepalis 6, circiter 2 mm longis, extus parce pubes- centibus; staminoideis oblongis, obtusis, integris, 0.7 mm longis; ovario dense hirsuto. A tree reaching a height of 30 meters, glabrous except the slightly cinereous-pubescent flowers and pedicels and the growing tips of the branchlets. Branches terete, dark reddish-brown when dry, glabrous. Leaves oblong, chartaceous to subcoria- ceous, 10 to 20 em long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, about equally narrowed to the obtuse tip and to the cuneate or decurrent-acuminate base, dark-olivaceous and shining when dry; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender but prominent, curved, anas- tomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles 1 to 3 cm long. Flowers small, axillary, fascicled, up to ¥ in each fascicle, the pedicels sparingly cinereous-pubescent, 3 to 5 mm long. Sepals 6, outside sparingly cinereous-pubescent, about 2 mm long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm wide, concave, rounded, the inner ones larger than the outer ones, varying from oblong-ovate to subreniform-ovate. Corolla tubular, about 2.7 mm long, glabrous, the lobes 5, orbi- cular-ovate, rounded, about 1 mm in diameter. Stamens 5, the filaments very short; anthers ovoid, acute, 0.6 mm long. Sta- minodes alternating with the corolla lobes, oblong, obtuse, entire, a _ 0.7 mm long, glabrous. Ovary densely hirsute; style stout, glabrous, 2 mm long. Fruit globose or depressed-globose, gla- brous, fleshy, when dry up to 4 cm in diameter, the seeds pale- as ee al SAR Le Nee ee ae Se 60 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 brown, shining, hard, somewhat compressed, about 1.8 cm long and 1.2 em wide. LuzZON, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 19762 (type), 20604 Villamil, June and September, 1918, and from the same tree, For. Bur. 18154 Curran, November, 1911, with mature fruits, For. Bur. 11927 Tamesis, April, 1910, locally known as dolitan. A species resembling in vegetative characters Sideroxylon macranthum Merr., but quite different in floral characters; it is readily distinguished by its very much smaller flowers which are but slightly pubescent. SAPOTACEAE PALAQUIUM Blanco PALAQUIUM FOXWORTHY'!I sp. nov. Arbor, partibus junioribus floribusque exceptis glabra; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-obovatis ad obovatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi cuneatis; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, sepalis extus pubescentibus; staminibus 16; ovario 6-loculare, pubescente; pedicellis circiter 1.5 cm longis, leviter pubescentibus. A tree, apparently of large size, glabrous except the very tips of the branchlets, pedicels, and parts of the flowers. Branches terete, grayish-brown, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong- obovate to obovate, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 em wide, dark-brown and shining when dry, the lower surface a little paler than the ~ upper, the apex very shortly and broadly blunt-acuminate, base gradually narrowed, cuneate; lateral nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations very fine; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, fascicled, 2 to 5 in each axil, their pedicels slightly pu- bescent, about 1.5 cm long. Sepals broadly ovate, about 3 mm long, the outer three thickly coriaceous, acute or slightly acu- minate, the inner three rounded or obtuse. Corolla tube about 3 mm long, the lobes 6, reflexed, lanceolate, about 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide. Stamens 16; filaments 3 mm long; anthers lan- ceolate, acuminate, 2.8 mm long. Ovary appressed-pubescent, 6-celled; style about 12 mm long. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Apad, Bur. Sci. 18112 Foxworthy & Ramos, March 8, 1911, in forested valleys, altitude about 30 meters. A species similar to Palaquium lanceolatum Blanco, differing in its somewhat smaller leaves, much shorter, less pubescent pedicels, smaller flowers, and pubescent ovaries. To this species I tentatively refer the following sterile material: Luzon, Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 22828 Mariano: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 19441 Agama. . : 0%, ile . ne ee Oe a, alam x,¢,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 61 PALAQUIUM GLABRUM sp. nov. Arbor alta, sepalis interioribus exceptis glabra; foliis sub- coriaceis, usque ad 16 cm longis, obovatis ad oblongo-obovatis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, apice obtusis ad rotundatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, subtus prominentibus; flori- bus numerosis, axillaribus, fasciculatis, longe pedicellatis, sepalis exterioribus glabris, interioribus leviter pubescentibus; stami- nibus 18; ovario glabro, 6-loculare. A tree about 20 m high, quite glabrous except the inner sepals. Branches terete, grayish-brown, rugose when dry. Leaves rather crowded on the ultimate branchlets, obovate to oblong- obovate, 11 to 16 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, of about the same color on both surfaces, the apex obtuse to somewhat rounded, base gradually narrowed, cuneate; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent on the lower surface, the reticulations very slender, not prominent; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers very numerous, in the axils of leaves and of fallen leaves, several in each axil, their pedicels slender, glabrous, about 3 cm long. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, broadly ovate, coriaceous, 3.5 to 4 mm long, the outer three quite glabrous, the inner three sparingly pubescent. Co- rolla lobes (in bud) 6, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 3.5 mm long. Stamens 18; anthers lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous, 6-celled; style stout, about 2.5 mm long. Luzon, Province of Rizal, back of Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 13582 Ramos, August 15, 1911, in forests along streams, locally known as alacaac na puti. A very characteristic species, readily recognized by its long slender pedicels, and in being quite glabrous in all parts except the inner sepals. PALAQUIUM HETEROSEPALUM sp. nov. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, ramulis junioribus floribusque ex- ceptis glabra; foliis crasse coriaceis, obovatis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, usque ad 4 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, obscuris vel subobsoletis; floribus breviter pedicellatis, circiter 6 mm longis, sepalis 4 vel 6, staminibus 12. A tree about 15 m high, quite glabrous except the growing tips of the branchlets and the flowers. Branches and branchlets rather stout, dark-colored when dry, glabrous. Leaves crowded toward the apices of the branchlets, thickly coriaceous, obovate, 2 to 4 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, brownish when dry, shining, apex broadly rounded, base cuneate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very slender, obscure or nearly obsolete; petioles 5 mm long or less. Flowers in the axils of fallen leaves MOR Tacs ea eS eS > ee a ' f Ee ew EO ON RO ee EO re ate a a | 62 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 on the ultimate branchlets, rather numerous, white, their pedicels slightly ferruginous-pubescent with short appressed hairs as are the sepals externally. Sepals 4 or 6, orbicular-ovate, coria- ceous, rounded, 2 to 3 mm long, the inner two or three a little larger than the outer two or three. Corolla about 6 mm long, the tube about 1.5 mm, the lobes 6, oblong-elliptic, rounded or obtuse, about 4.5 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide, externally very slightly pubescent. Stamens 12; anthers oblong, acute or acu- minate, about 2.6 mm long. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, 5- to 7- celled, narrowed upward into the rather stout style, the ovary and style about 6 mm long. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Mount Susong Dalaga, Bur. Sci. 19160 Reillo, December 6, 1914, altitude not indicated, but from the mossy forest. The species somewhat resembles a small leaved form of Palaquium cuneatum Vidal, and is characterized not only by its unusually small leaves, but by its very obscure, often nearly obsolete nerves, very short pedicels, and the variable number of sepals, either 4 or 6; in those flowers with 4 sepals, however, there are always 6 corolla lobes and 12 stamens. I know of no other species of Palaquiwm where the number of calyx lobes is variable. PALAQUIUM LANCEOLATUM Blanco FI. Filip. (1887) 403, ed. 2 (1845) 282, ed. 3, 2 (1878) 159. This species is of importance as it is the type of the genus Palaquium Blanco, and no material previously referred to the species, unless it be Vidal’s specimen cited by Dubard, has agreed with Blanco’s description in essential characters; specimens referred by me at various times to the species have correctly been indicated by Dubard as a distinct species, Palaquium merrillii Dubard,’ as Blanco’s species has 18 stamens, and the material Dubard has referred to P. merrillii has but 12 stamens. Speci- mens in flower, recently collected, agree in practically all details with Blanco’s description, and I feel perfectly confident that the present inter- pretation of the species is the correct one, and an amplification of Blanco’s description follows: A tall tree, quite glabrous except the younger parts and the flowers. Branchlets and young petioles ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong to oblong-oblanceolate or obovate, rarely ap- proaching the lanceolate type, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, glabrous on both surfaces, shortly and obtusely acuminate to obtuse or even rounded at the apex, base narrowed, cuneate; lateral nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations fine; petioles about 1 mm long. Flowers numerous, axillary, in the axils of leaves and of fallen leaves on the ultimate branchlets, fascicled, their pedicels ferruginous-pubescent, 2.5 to 4cm long. Outer 3 sepals densely ferruginous-pubescent, ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, cori- * Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 15 (1909) 381. x%,C,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 63 aceous, about 4.5 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm wide, the inner three thinner, oblong to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, pubescent, 4 to 4.5 mm long, 2.5 to 8 mm wide. Corolla glabrous, the tube about 3 mm long, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, about 8 mm long, 2 mm wide. Stamens 18; filaments 4 to 5 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm wide. Ovary glabrous, 6-celled; style 12 to 15 mm long. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mauban, Bur. Sci. 19488 Ramos, January, 1918: Province of Camarines, Sagnay, Bur. Sci. 22185 Ramos, December, 1913. As to Blanco’s description, the above specimens agree with it absolutely in all respects except that the leaves are not “lanceoladas,” but while some approach the lanceolate type, most of them are oblong-obovate to oblong- oblanceolate; they are glabrous and the petioles are short. The flowers agree perfectly especially in the corolla lobes “estrechas, aguzadas, y muy revueltas hacia abajo.” The stamens are 18 (in Blanco’s description 18, 19, or fewer); ovary (fruit) 6-celled; style longer than the stamens. Blanco gives the date of flowering as March, but saw only old dried flowers; his specimens were from the Province of Batangas which may account for the difference in the time of flowering, which at most would be about one month, as the specimens from Camarines were collected on January 25. The native (Tagalog) name bagalangit does not appear on any of our specimens of Palaquium. Whether or not “Vidal 7” referred to Blanco’s species by Dubard is the same as my interpretation of Blanco’s species I cannot say. I have a copy of Pierre’s detailed drawing of the flower, apparently taken from young buds, and it does not appear to be the same as the specimens cited above; the differences, however, may be due to the stage of development. At any rate, Pierre’s drawing does not agree with Blanco’s description in the corolla lobes which in Vidal’s specimen are rounded and merely elliptic, not “estrechas, aguzadas.” PALAQUIUM NEGROSENSE sp. nov. § Palaquoides. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra; foliis crasse coriaceis, obovatis, usque ad 22 cm longis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, apice late rotundatis, basi angustatis, cuneatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus prom- inentibus; floribus axillaribus, paucis, sepalis extus pubescen- tibus; staminibus 18; ovario parce pubescente, 6-loculare. A tree about 20 m high, glabrous except the younger parts and the flowers. Branches rather stout, terete, brown, the growing tips somewhat ferruginous-pubescent, as are the very young petioles, the pedicels, and the calyx externally. Leaves thickly coriaceous, obovate, 14 to 22 cm long, 6 to 12 cm wide, apex _ broadly rounded, base gradually narrowed, cuneate, when dry brown and shining on both surfaces; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations very fine; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers few, axillary and in the 64 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 axils of fallen leaves, but one or two in each axil, the pedicels ferruginous-pubescent, up to 8 cm long. Young sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, ferruginous-pubescent, coriaceous, about 4 mm long. Very young corolla-lobes elliptic-ovate, rounded or slightly retuse, 3 mm long. Stamens 18, the young anthers 2 mm long. Ovary very slightly pubescent, 6-celled. Fruit oblong, inequi- lateral, up to at least 3 cm in length (immature) tipped by the style which is up to 14 mm in length, glabrous. NeEGROS, Cadiz, For. Bur. 15029 Danao, March, 1908; Paniquon River, For. Bur. 7325 Everett, March, 1907; near San Carlos, For. Bur. 20696 Tamesis (type), September, 1918, locally known as nato and bayog. This is the species that Dubard has referred, with doubt, to Palaquium obovatum King & Gamble,” from fruiting specimens; a more recent collec- tion, however, presents young flowers, and an examination of these shows 18, not 12 stamens, so that the specimens must be referred to the section Palaquoides, not to Eupalaquium, to which P. obovatum belongs. It is closely allied to Palaquiwm lanceolatum Blanco, differing in its larger leaves which are broadly rounded at the apex, not at all acuminate, its somewhat shorter pedicels, its much fewer flowers, but one or two in each axil, and its slightly pubescent ovary. APOCYNACEAE ALYXIA R. Brown ALYXIA CONFERTIFLORA sp. nov. Species ut videtur A. lucidae Wall. affinis, differt inflorescentiis valde congestis, haud pedunculatis, quam petiolo multo brevio- ribus, floribus longioribus, circiter 1 cm longis. A scandent shurb, quite glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches smooth, reddish-brown, distinctly 4-angled. Leaves fragrant in drying, whorled, 4 in each whorl, oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, about equally narrowed at both ends, the apex blunt-acuminate, the base de- current-acuminate, both surfaces slightly shining when dry, the lower a little paler than the upper, the margins recurved; lateral nerves very slender, indistinct, about 50 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing with the faint submarginal nerve; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Cymes axillary, sessile or very shortly pe- duncled, congested, about 0.8 mm long (excluding the corollas), pubescent, the flowers sessile, 5-merous, each subtended by an ovate, pubescent, acute or acuminate bract about 3 mm long and several similar but much smaller bracteoles. Calyx 3 mm long, the lobes ovate, acute, about 2 mm long, ciliate-pubescent or puberulent. Corolla-tube cylindric, externally glabrous, 10 mm long, swollen above opposite the anthers, contracted at the ” Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 15 (1909) 280. x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 65 throat, the tube prominently pubescent inside; lobes spreading- recurved, orbicular, 3 mm in diameter. Anthers narrowly ovate- lanceolate, 1.2 mm long. Ovary short, pubescent. Fruit not seen. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16148 Reillo, September, 1912. A species manifestly allied to the Malayan Alyxia lucida Wall., which it greatly resembles, but from which it is distingushed by its congested inflorescence which is much shorter than the petioles, its longer flowers, and more numerously nerved leaves. It is also closely allied to Alyzxia odorata Wall., perhaps closer to this than to A. lucida, but is distinguish- able by its acuminate, not acute or obtuse leaves, shorter cymes, sessile flowers, and orbicular, not ovate, corolla-lobes. ALSTONIA R. Brown ALSTONIA OBLONGIFOLIA sp. nov. § Dissuraspermum. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, ramulis subtus foliis inflorescen- tiisque leviter pubescentibus; foliis ternis vel quaternis, char- taceis vel subcoriaceis, subtus pallidis, oblongis ad oblongo- - Janceolatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, nervis distantibus, utrinque 14 ad 18, distinctis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, floribus circiter 8 mm longis. A tree about 10 m high. Branches obscurely angled, slightly pubescent. Leaves whorled, 3 or 4 at each node, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, narrowed and somewhat acuminate at both ends, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 6 to 14 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, the upper surface glabrous, shining, brown when dry, the lower surface much paler, slightly pubescent, especially on the midrib and nerves; nerves distant, spreading, distinct, brown, 14 to 18 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations slender, not prominent; petioles somewhat pubescent, less than 1 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, sessile, that is numerous peduncles springing from the apex of the branchlet, the peduncles slender, slightly pubescent, 2 to 7 cm long, subumbellately or corymbosely branched at their apices, the branches gray-villous but not densely so. Flowers numerous, white, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, slightly gray-pubescent, about 1.5 mm long, the lobes very short. Corolla-tube about 5 mm long, cylin- dric, slightly pubescent on the outside, somewhat inflated above the middle opposite the insertion of the stamens, inside and throat villous, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 3.5 to 4 mm long, over- lapping to the right, their margins ciliate-villous. Anthers in- serted above the middle, about 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous, narrowed into the slender, 2 mm long style. PALAWAN, in old clearings near Puerto Princesa, For. Bur. 4495 Curran, June 5, 1906. 131281——5 eS ‘ ' > Bt ey Pe oo Eee be roi i % i SOs u Le wet SOT ie OA hee et ae Se CS eet eae 5 dye ae Seem rs Uae, heme cae I SI ee (eee aN ee ee) er a ey ee eee oe ae yee 66 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 A species apparently allied to Alstonia angustifolia Wall., of the Malay Peninsula, but differing in many characters, notably, in its quite different flowers. KICKXIA Blume KICKXIA BLANCO! Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 313. Kickxia arborea Vid. Sinopsis Atlas (1888) t. 67, f. G; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 132; Naves in Blanco FI. Filip. ed. 3, t. 428 bis, non Blume. Kickxia merrittti Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 355. Kickxia macgregorii Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1457. Rolfe’s species is typified only by the plate in the third edition of Blanco’s Flora de Filipinas, no description having been published; the plate well represents the species as here interpreted. There is some variation in vegetative characters, but in essentials the species is quite constant. A careful examination of all available material has convinced me that the two recently described species, above cited as synonyms, are not distinct from Kickxia blancoi Rolfe. The species is sometimes known as lanete, as laneting gubat, and as ayate, and probably represents the form mentioned by Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 114, ed. 2 (1845) 81 after the description of Anasser laniti as “Hai otra especie con las flores axilares solitarias.” It is represented by the following material: Luzon, Province of Batangas, Looc, For. Bur. 7649 Curran & Merritt; Santo Tomas, For. Bur. 21545 Tamesis: Province of Laguna, Calamba, For. Bur. 20964 Villamil. Minporo, For. Bur. 11488 Merritt (type of K. merrittii Merr.). GuImMARAS, For. Bur. 862 Gammill. Stsuyan, Elmer 12378 (type number of K. macgregorii Elm.). NeEGros, For. Bur. 15112 Tabat. LEYTE, Wenzel 330, July, 1918. Without definite locality, Loher 6829, By description alone Kickxia macgregorii Elm. appears to be a remark- ably distinct form, but this is due to errors in the description. “Calyx 1.5 to 2.25 cm long” is the description of the pedicel, the calyx being very short; the pedicel is subtended by a very few, small, obscure bracteoles. The flowers are about 6 cm long as in the other specimens referred to Kickxia blancoi Rolfe and as represented by Naves’ plate. TABERNAEMONTANA Linnaeus TABERNAEMONTANA HEXAGONA sp. nov. ; Frutex glaber, circiter 2 m altus; foliis chartaceis vel sub- membranaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 17 cm longis, acutis ad abrupte obtuseque acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 14, patentibus; pedunculis axillaribus, ut videtur paucifloris; fruc- tibus oblongo-lanceolatis, rectis, acuminatis, basi acutis, 6-an- gulatis vel angulis propriis (3) anguste 3-alatis, alternantibus vix alatis, circiter 6 cm longis, in siccitate minute verruculosis. A glabrous shrub, according to the collector about 2 m high. Branches terete, light-gray, the younger ones somewhat compressed when dry. Leaves membranaceous to somewhat chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, the larger ones 13 to 17 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, base acute or decurrent-acuminate, apex acute to : x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 67 shortly, broadly, and obtusely acuminate, when dry shining, the upper surface pale-olivaceous, the lower very much paler; lateral nerves about 14 on each side of the midrib, spreading, evanes- cent or subevanescent near the margins, sometimes obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations subobsolete; petioles 1 cm long or less, inflated at the base on the upper side. Peduncles axil- lary, apparently few-flowered (1-flowered ?), in fruit 3 to 4 cm long. Flowers not seen. Follicles two, free to the very base, oblong-lanceolate in outline, straight, not at all curved, acute at the base, acute or somewhat rostrate-acuminate at the apex, about 6 cm long, 1.3 to 1.5 cm in diameter, 6-angled, or better — with 8 longitudinal, narrow wings, and 3 alternating, less prominent ridges, the pericarp coriaceous, greenish-olivaceous when dry, shining, minutely verruculose. Seeds about 24 in each follicle, irregularly oblong-obovoid, about 7 mm long. PANAY, Capiz, Bur. Sci. 21241 Escritor, June, 1913. The species presents no particularly striking vegetative characters by which it may be distinguished from some other species. Its follicles, however, are very distinct in form, being quite different from those of any other species known to me except the following one. They are straight, not at all falcate as is usually the case in this genus, free to the very base, oblong-lanceolate in outline, acuminate, and with 3 longitudinal, narrow, thick wings, and 3 alternating, less prominent ridges. TABERNAEMONTANA MINDANAENSIS sp. nov. Frutex glaber 2 ad 4 m altus; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-lanceo- altis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, utrin- que angustatis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 9; cymis axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris; folliculis rec- tis vel leviter curvatis, oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, acumi- natis, 4 ad 5 cm longis, circiter 1 cm diametro. A glabrous shrub about 4 m high. Branches terete, slender, gray, not lenticellate, the younger ones sometimes slightly com- pressed. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-lanceolate to broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 7 to 12 cm long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide, narrowed upward to the sharply acuminate apex, the acumen straight or somewhat falcate, somewhat apiculate, and to the cuneate base; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, slender but - prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations fine; petioles _ 4 to 8 mm long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, in anthesis 4 in diameter, straight or somewhat curved, with 4 rather ominernt ridges and 2 Jess prominent ones, red, the base 68 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 acute, the apex acuminate, the pericarp coriaceous. Seeds about 20 in each follicle, irregular, about 6 mm long. MINDANAO, District of Cotabato, Craan, For. Bur. 14930 Tarrosa & Almagro, April, 1912 (type); Reina Regente, Bur. Sci. 11653 Robinson, June, 1910, in thickets and open places at low altitudes. A species in vegetative characters somewhat resembling the common Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir., but with entirely different fruits, which resemble those of Tabernaemontana hexagona Merr.; it differs from T. hexagona Merr. in its smaller, much fewer nerved leaves. TABERNAEMONTANA OLIGANTHA sp. nov. Frutex glaber circiter 2 m altus; foliis yhatthirasisioels vel chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 15 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, apice acuminatis apiculatisque, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, subtus prominentibus; cymis axillaribus, laxis, circiter 10 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus albis, longe pedicellatis, circiter 2.5 cm diametro, corollae tubo circiter 1.7 em longo. A glabrous shrub about 2 m high with very lax, few-flowered, axillary cymes, the flowers about 5 to each cyme, long pedicelled. Branches terete, slender, grayish-brown, lenticellate. Leaves membranaceous to chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, 12 to 15 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, olivaceous and somewhat shining when dry, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the distinctly acu- minate and slightly apiculate apex; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations fine; petioles 5 mm long or less. Cymes axillary, solitary, about 10 cm long, each about 5-flowered, the branches divaricate, lax. Flowers white, their pedicels 1.5 to 3.5 cm long. Calyx 4 to 5 mm long, the lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse or acute, 2.5 to 3 mm long. Corolla tube cylindric, 1.5 to 1.8 cm long, the lobes spreading, 12 to 13 cm long, 4 to 5 mm wide, oblong, falcate, rounded. Anthers 2 mm long. Ovary glabrous. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, forested slopes, Phil. Pl. 1621 Ramos, April, 1914. A species well characterized by its long, very lax, few-flowered cymes, the flowers about 5 in each cyme, long pedicelled. URCEOLA Roxburgh URCEOLA IMBERBIS (Elmer) comb. nov. Carruthersia imberbis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 588. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 9239 (type number) : Prov- ince of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 12057 Ramos, August, 1910, in fruit. x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 69 The species is in all respects a typical Urceola as evidenced by its very short flowers and valvate corolla lobes. It belongs in the group with Urceola brachysepala Hook. f. of the Malay Peninsula. The follicles are cylindric and brown when dry, not at all torulose, straight or slightly curved, about 13 cm long, 3 to 4 mm in diameter. The genus, which is new to the Philippines, is also represented by the following allied species: URCEOLA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Species praecedente similis et affinis, differt foliis chartaceis, haud coriaceis, calycis lobis longioribus prope ad basin porrectis. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches slender, terete, reddish-brown. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-ovate, brown or brownish-olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, apex prominently acuminate, base rounded to subacute; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-anastomosing near the margin, the reticulations distinct; petioles 1 to 1.8 cm long, reddish-brown. Inflorescence corymbose, terminal and in the upper axils, frequently forming an ample, somewhat leafy inflorescence, 7 to 25 cm in width, the younger parts more or less villous with pale or brownish hairs. Flowers very numerous, crowded on the ultimate branchlets, the bracts subtending the primary branches linear, 5 to 15 mm long. Calyx pubescent, cleft nearly to the base, the lobes narrowly ovate, 1 to 1.3 mm long, acute. Corolla about 3 mm long, somewhat pubescent externally, the lobes 5, narrowly ovate, acute, about 1 mm long, valvate. Anthers about 1.3 mm long, base sagittate. Disk prominent, somewhat 5-costate. Ovary glabrous. MINDANAO, District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 1098, June, 1907 (type): Province of Surigao, Piper 219, 512, 545, May, 1911. Leyte, Jaro, Wenzel 689; May, 1914. A species manifestly closely allied to Urceola imberbis (Elm.) Merr., to which most of the specimens have previously been referred, differing in its thinner leaves and manifestly much more deeply cleft calyx. In U. imberbis the leaves, when mature, are rather thickly coriaceous, and the calyx lobes extend less than half way to the base. URCEOLA LAEVIS (Elmer) comb. nov. Carruthersia laevis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1449 (leavis). Like Carruthersia imberis Elm., this species has the characteristic flowers of Urceola and must be transferred to that genus. It is readily distinguished from the two other Philippine species by its oblong-obovate bracts and bracteoles, fewer nerves, less prominently acuminate coriaceous leaves, and especially by its calyx lobes extending quite to the base. PALAWAN, Puerto Princesa, Elmer 12887, March, 1911, type number. Sais Net tae ETD at et eee, The Philippine Journal of Science "1915 70 VALLARIS Burman f. VALLARIS DARONENSIS (Elmer) comb. nov. Heolarrhena daronensis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1455. MINDANAO, District of Davao, Elmer 11912 (type number), in fruit, October, 1909: District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., May, 1907, with young flowers: Province of Misamis, Quadras 100, from Tali- sayan, locally known as pamacoton. This species is in all respects a Vallaris, not a Holarrhena, and is accordingly transferred to the former genus; it is closely allied to Val- laris gitingensis (Elmer) Merr., but has broader, more prominently nerved leaves and apparently somewhat larger flowers. VALLARIS GITINGENSIS (Elmer) comb. nov. Kickxia gitingensis Elmer Leafi. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912, March 18) 1455. Vallaris angustifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912, November 15) Bot. 3365. The name proposed by Mr. Elmer, sub Kickwxia, has priority over that used by me, sub Vallaris, the latter being the proper genus as the anthers are exserted, not included in the corolla tube. Mr. Elmer’s specific name is accordingly adopted, transferred to Kickxia, and K. angustifolia Merr. reduced as a synonym. The two are identical in all respects. Vallaris gitingensis is represented by the following material: Luzon, Province of Laguna, Paete, Holman 8, April, 1910; Nangaiby, For. Bur. 20175 Manuel, September, 1918 (sterile): Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Bur. Sci. 19587 Ramos, January, 1918, in fruit: Province of Sor- sogon, For. Bur. 10507 Curran, June, 1908, For. Bur. 15077 Rosenbluth, April, 1909 (type of V. angustifolia Merr.). SiBuyaNn, Elmer 12208, April, 1910 (type number of Kickxia gitingensis Elmer). LEYTE, Wenzel 652, 678, May, 1914. Some of the material has been distributed as Vallaris holmanii Merr., but I consider now that but a single species is represented. The follicles are in pairs, about 20 cm long, 5 mm in diameter, nar- rowed at both ends, straight or slightly curved; seeds linear-lanceolate, about 2 cm long, the coma plumose, the mare very soft, pale-brownish, abundant, 5 to 6 cm long. VERBENACEAE CALLICARPA Linnaeus CALLICARPA LANCIFOLIA sp. nov. Frutex 1 ad 4 m altus plus minusve stellato-pubescentibus glandulosisque; foliis lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, obtusis, apice longe caudato-acuminatis, supra parce simpliciter pubescentibus, eglandulosis, subtus leviter stellato-pubescentibus, glandulosis, nervis utrinque circiter 11; cymis axillaribus soli- tariis, laxis, 2 ad 4 cm longis, dichotomis; floribus 4-meris, cir- _citer 3 mm longis, corolla glabra vel subglabra. A shrub 1 to 4m high. Branches terete, slender, subglabrous or more or less ferruginous-stellate-pubescent, the younger ones ME i a ea A has pe Re eRe eae og Saas ‘ic ar eo -S% ~ » ae > me Ss. * ur? te b. ” - “ * ot "aes - <2 ? 2 - he veel e x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 71 densely stellate-pubescent and with scattered, longer, sparingly branched hairs intermixed. Leaves chartaceous, lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 15 to 20 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, narrowed above to the long and slender, often subfalcate, caudate- acuminate apex and below to the obtuse, usually slightly in- equilateral base, the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth distinct, gland-tipped, the upper surface usually olivaceous when dry, eglandular, with scattered, short simple hairs, the lower surface usually somewhat paler, sparingly stellate-tomentose, minutely glandular; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, dis- tinct, curved-ascending, anastomosing; petioles densely stellate- tomentose, 5 to 8 mm long. Cymes axillary, solitary, peduncled, dichotomous, 2 to 4 cm long, rather lax and open, many-flowered, the branches divaricate, rather densely pubescent with simple and stellate hairs intermixed. Flowers lilac, 4-merous, small, the bracteoles linear, pubescent, small. Calyx about 1 mm long, sparingly hirsute-pubescent with short, straight, simple hairs, obscurely and subequally 4-toothed. Corolla-tube about 2 mm long, glabrous, the lobes 4, orbicular-ovate, rounded, about 1 mm long. Filaments 4 mm long; anthers 0.5 mm long. Style slender, 5.5 mm long, slightly thickened near the apex. MINDORO, Mount Halcon, Merrill 5556. Ticao, For. Bur. 2534 Clark. Cesu, Bur. Sci. 11078 Ramos, March, 1912 (type). MINDANAO, District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n.: District of Zamboanga, Bur. Sci. 15802 Fénix, Merrill 8115, Bur. Sci. 11802 Robinson, Williams 2307. BASILAN, Hallier s. n., DeVore & Hoover 41. This species has been confused with Callicarpa caudata Maxim., and C. longifolia Lam., and is manifestly allied to the former, differing in its very different indumentum. It is apparently more closely allied to C. steno- phylla Merr., than to C. caudata, but is distinguished from the former by its broader leaves. Among the extra-Philippine forms it is apparently most closely allied to Callicarpa longifolia Lam., differing in its indu- mentum, shape of its leaves, and in details of its flowers. CALLICARPA MEGALANTHA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, omnibus partibus plus minusve dense glandulosis et stellato-plumoso-pubescentibus, indumento obscure fusco vel griseo-fusco; foliis oppositis, oblongo-ovatis, subcoria- ceis, acuminatis, integris, basi acutis, usque ad 16 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, subtus prominentibus; cymis axillari- bus, longe pedunculatis, dense eeihitor es floribus albis, 6 ad 7 mm longis. A tree about 10 m high, most parts, coal the upper surfaces _of adult leaves more or less yellow-glandular and stellate-plumose pubescent, the indumentum dark-brown or dark grayish-brown in color. Branches terete, the younger ones more or less com- i ¥ he og - ee ay . wt 3 3 _ 72 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 pressed, yellow-glandular, and the younger parts densely stellate- plumose pubescent. Leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, subcoria- ceous, entire, 12 to 16 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, about equally narrowed to the acute base and to the acuminate apex, the upper surface when young more or less stellate-pubescent, be- coming nearly glabrous, brownish-olivaceous, slightly shining, the lower surface paler, with numerous, scattered, pale-yellow, shining glands, densely stellate-pubescent on the midrib and nerves, with scattered stellate hairs on the lamina; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing, curved upward; petioles very densely stellate-pubescent, 2 to 2.5 cm long. Cymes in the upper axils, solitary, densely many-flowered, dichotomously branched, 7 to & cm in diameter, the peduncles stout, about 8 cm long, the pe- duncles, branches, bracts, bracteoles, and calyces densely stellate- plumose pubescent, the indumentum almost obscuring the scattered, shining, pale-yellow glands. Flowers white, 6 to 7mm long, the bracts oblanceolate to spatulate, 6 to 8 mm long, the bracteoles similar but much smaller. Calyx somewhat funnel- shaped, equally 4-lobed, 3 mm long, the lobes short, acute. Co- rolla 6 to 7 mm long, outside sparingly supplied with small, yellow, shining glands, the lobes 4, subequal, oblong-ovate, broadly rounded, 3 to 3.5 mm long, externally in the median portion sparingly stellate-pubescent as well as glandular. Fila- ments 7 and 8 mm long; anthers ovoid, 1.2 mm long, somewhat glandular on the back. Ovary ovoid, very densely covered with small, shining, pale-yellow glands. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19687 McGregor, February, 1913. Probably most closely allied to Callicarpa subglandulosa Elm., but differing from that species in many characters. Callicarpa megalantha is remarkable for its comparatively large flowers which are indicated by the collector as being white, a color otherwise unknown or at least very rare in the genus, its long-peduncled cymes, and its dark-brown or dark grayish-brown indumentum. CLERODENDRON Linnaeus CLERODENDRON PUBERULUM sp. nov. Species C. intermedio valde affinis, differt omnibus partibus plus minusve puberulis vel pubescentibus. A suffrutescent, erect, sparingly branched plant 2 m high or less, very similar in appearance to Clerodentron intermedium Cham. Older stems glabrous or nearly so, 4-angled, the younger ones distinctly puberulent. Leaves broadly ovate, chartaceous, 10 to 20 cm long, 9 to 17 em wide, acuminate, base with a x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 73 deep, wide sinus, the basal lobes broadly rounded, margins re- pand-toothed, the upper surface hispid-hirsute with scattered, appressed, stiff hairs, the lower surface densely and softly puber- ulent, the indumentum nearly obscuring the glands; petioles up to 15 cm in length, puberulent. Panicles terminal, narrowly pyramidal, about 20 cm long, the lower branches about 7 cm long, all parts puberulent, the bracts narrowly spatulate, 1 to 1.5 em long, the bracteoles linear or subfiliform, short. Flowers numerons, red, their pedicels slender, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Calyx- lobes pubescent, oblong, obtuse, somewhat unequal, about 8 mm long, accrescent in fruit and 5 to 6 mm long. Corolla-tube slender, about 12 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, slightly enlarged above, sparingly pubescent externally, the lobes somewhat un- equal, oblong to oblong-obovate, obtuse or rounded, 5 to 7 mm long. Filaments slender, the exserted parts about 2 cm in length. Fruit about 5 mm long, 8 mm wide, depressed-globose, of 2 to 4, 1-seeded pyrenes. MINDANAO, District of Davao, Davao, in open wet places, Copeland, 404 (type), March 9, 1904, DeVore & Hoover 177, April, 1903. A species manifestly very closely allied to Clerodendron intermedium Cham., which it greatly resembles in aspect. The chief differences appear to be ti the indumentum, C. intermedium Cham. being entirely glabrous, the present species rather densely puberulent and pubescent. PREMNA Linnaeus PREMNA AREOLATA sp. nov. § Gumira. Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis oblongis, usque ad 14 cm longis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, nitidis, in- tegris, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, subtus dense areolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6; inflorescentiis ter- minalibus, brunneo-puberulis, multifloris; floribus 4-meris, par- vis, calycibus obsolete 4-dentatis, corollae lobis late rotundatis, subaequalibus. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches terete, grayish, somewhat lenticellate, the younger ones dark-colored when dry. Leaves chartaceous to submembrana- ceous, oblong, entire, 8 to 14 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute to rounded, olivaceous or somewhat brownish when dry, shining, of about the same color on both surfaces or the lower one a little paler, the lower surface very densely areolate, the areolae small, 1 mm or less in diameter, each enclosed by the ultimate reticulations; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, rather distinct, somewhat ascending, anastomosing; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, many flowered, usually peduncled, up to 74 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 10 cm long and wide, the rachis, branches, branchlets, and bracts rather densely brown-puberulent, the bracts lanceolate, the largest ones 5 mm long or less. Flowers 4-merous, white or nearly so, cymose, sessile. Calyx somewhat puberulent, 2 mm long, truncate, obsoletely 2-toothed. Corolla-tube glabrous ex- ternally, about 2.5 mm long, throat and upper part of the tube inside densely villous, the lobes 4, subequal, broadly ovate, rounded, about 1.4 mm long. Filaments slender, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Style slender, glabrous, 3 mm long, the arms slender, nearly 1 mm in length. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16179 Reillo, September 6, 1912 (type). MINDANAO, District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 604, September, 1906. Said by Mrs. Clemens to be a vine reaching a length of from 75 to 100 feet, growing in large Ficus trees. The species is a very characteristic one, distinguishable by its oblong leaves which are densely areolate on the lower surface, its scandent habit, and its brown-puberulent inflorescence. PREMNA WILLIAMSII sp. nov. § Gumira. Species P. areolatae affinis, differt foliis subtus haud areo- latis, basi semper acutis, apice acute acuminatis, nervis utrinque 5, petiolo longioribus, floribus paullo majoribus. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, gray or brownish, somewhat lenticellate, the younger ones scarcely darker in color than the mature ones. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, entire, shining, of the same color on both surfaces, 8 to 14 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, narrowed below to the acute base, the apex sharply acuminate; lateral nerves 5 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, distinct; petioles up to 3 cm in length. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, brown-puberulent up to 8 cm long and wide, many-flowered. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx cup-shaped, very obscurely puberulent or nearly glabrous, somewhat 4-angled, 2.2 mm long, truncate, obscurely and broadly 4-toothed. Corolla-tube 3 mm long, glabrous externally, inside in the upper part and the throat densely villous, subequally 4-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, rounded, about 1.5 mm long. Style slender, glabrous, 5 mm long, the arms about 1 mm in length. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, Williams 2330, the stems trailing, reaching a diameter of 5 cm, flowers white. Manifestly very closely allied to the preceding species which it greatly resembles. The leaves, however, are not at all areolate on the lower surface, the petioles are longer, nerves fewer, and the flowers slightly — larger. x,.G,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 715 GESNERIACEAE CYRTANDRA Forster CYRTANDRA ATROPURPUREA sp. nov. § Aureae. Frutex erectus, simplex, circiter 2 m altus; foliis confertis, oblongi-obovatis, usque ad 30 cm longis, sessilibus, coriaceis, grosse irregulariter serratis, acuminatis, basi valde angustatis, in siccitate atropurpureis, subtus ad costa nervisque adpresse pubescentibus, nervis utrinque circiter 13, prominentibus; in- florescentiis axillaribus, pedunculatis, bracteis numerosis, ob- longo-ellipticis, usque ad 5 cm longis. An erect, unbranched shrub about 2 m high, the stems stout, the leaves more or less crowded near the summit. Leaves oblong- obovate, 25 to 30 cm long, about 10 cm wide, sessile, coriaceous, the apex shortly and rather sharply acuminate, the base much narrowed, the lower 2 to 4 cm 2 cm wide or less, the margins coarsely serrate, the larger teeth corresponding to the ends of the lateral nerves and up to 6 mm long, with intermediate similar but smaller teeth, the upper surface dark-colored when dry, smooth, somewhat shining, the lower surface when fresh red, when dry dark-purple, the midrib, lateral nerves, and primary reticulations on the lower surface rather densely ferruginous- pubescent with appressed hairs; lateral nerves about 13 on each | side of the midrib, anastomosing, curved-ascending, very prom- inent on the lower surface, the reticulations lax. Inflorescence axillary, the peduncles stout, up to 2 cm long, furfuraceous- pubescent, bearing at their apices numerous, crowded, large bracts and apparently numerous, crowded flowers, the bracts mostly elliptic-oblong to ovate-elliptic, narrowed at both ends, membranaceous or chartaceous 2.5 to 5 cm long, rather promi- nently nerved, acuminate, coarsely toothed, the nerves more or less pubescent. Flowers not seen. Capsules narrowly ellipsoid, about 12 mm long, narrowed above, glabrous, their pedicels about 5 mm long. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Bets Bur. Sci. 19852 McGregor, February 2, 1913. A species manifestly allied to Cyrtandra rex Kranzl., from which it is at once distinguished by its colored leaves; from other Philippine species in this group such as Cyrtandra cumingti Clarke, C. oblongata Merr., C. alnifolia Krinzl., etc., it differs in its sessile leaves. _CYRTANDRA FERRUGINEA sp. nov. § Cuneatae? _Frutex erectus, omnibus partibus plus minusve dense Foleeeael: neo-pubescentibus; foliis oppositis, longe petiolatis, oblongis ad 716 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 20 cm longis, inaequilateralibus, plus minusve falcatis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, margine denti- culatis, basi acutis vel subrotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10; inflorescentiis axillaribus, 1- ad 3-floris, usque ad 5 cm longis, bracteis lanceolatis, liberis; floribus 4 cm longis, calycibus per- sistentibus, lobis lanceolatis, acuminatis, quam tubo paullo brevioribus. An erect shrub or suffrutescent plant apparently sparingly branched, all parts more or less densely covered with pale- ferruginous, weak, shining hairs, the younger parts very densely pubescent. Branches terete, or somewhat compressed when dry. Leaves opposite, in somewhat unequal pairs, chartaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 12 to 20 cm long, 2 to 12 em wide, inequi- lateral, somewhat falcate, apex acute or slightly acuminate, margins distantly denticulate, base acute or rounded, very in- equilateral, the lamina blunt or usually rounded and extending farther on one side than on the other which is acute; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib; petioles 4 to 7 cm long, those of the smaller leaves of each pair shorter than those of the larger ones. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, few-flowered, 5 ecm long or less, the flowers 1 to 3; bracts few, lanceolate, acuminate, free, 1 cm long. Calyx in anthesis 1.5 cm long, in fruit 2 cm long, persistent, the lobes 5, lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat shorter than the tube, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 em long. Corolla white, 4 cm long, the tube narrow, the lobes rounded. Fruit lanceolate, including the persistent slender style about 3 cm long, slightly pubescent, the fruit proper about as long as the calyx, the style exserted. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Cauayan, Phil. Pl. 1548 Ramos, December 9, 1913. Not closely allied to any Philippine form known to me, well character- ized by its rather uniformly dense ferruginous pubescence, its opposite inequilateral leaves, few flowers, narrow free bracts, and persistent calyces. CYRTANDRA KRANZLINII sp. nov. § Campanulaceae ? Suffrutex erectus vel adscendentibus, simplex, usque ad 50 cm altus, plus minusve ferrugineo-villosus; foliis oppositis, cre- natis, in paribus valde inaequalibus, majoribus oblongo-obovatis, apice rotundatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, minoribus subellipticis, 1.5 ad 4 cm longis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, longe pedicel- latis, albis, circiter 5 cm longis, anguste campanulatis. An erect or ascending undershrub, simple, 30 to 50 cm high, the stems, petioles, lower surfaces of the leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves densely covered with long, weak, ferruginous, jointed hairs. Leaves opposite, firmly chartaceous, slightly cre- x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 77 nate, the upper surface glabrous, dark-olivaceous, the lower much paler, in very unequal pairs; larger leaf of each pair oblong- obovate, 12 to 18 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, the apex usually broadly rounded, narrowed below to the acute or obtuse, usually strongly inequilateral base; primary lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, irreg- ular, the reticulations lax; petioles densely villous, 12 mm long or less: smaller leaves of each pair mostly elliptic, 1.5 to 4 cm long, 0.8 to 2 em wide, shortly petioled, slightly acuminate. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, ebracteolate, the pedicels densely villous, slender, about 2 cm long. Calyx 2 cm long, sub- persistent, narrowly campanulate, villous-pubescent with scat- tered, long, ferruginous, jointed hairs, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, slenderly caudate-acuminate, about 8 mm long. Corolla nar- rowly tubular-campanulate, white, about 5 cm long, slightly pubescent externally, the tube (flattened) about 4 mm wide for the lower 1.5 cm, then gradually widened and about 2 cm wide at the throat, the lobes broadly rounded, comparatively short. Disk glabrous, truncate, 2 mm high. Stamens included, the fila- ments of both the fertile stamens and the staminodes somewhat spirally twisted; anthers narrowly oblong, 3 mm long. Ovary puberulent; style somewhat hirsute; stigma obliquely oblong, 3 mm long. Capsule (immature) cylindric, about 3 cm long, 3.5 mm in diameter, rostrate, rugose, surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx. PALAWAN, Malampaya Bay, Binaloan, Merrill 7247, September, 1910, in forests at sea level, on damp shaded banks. A very characteristic species, distinguished by its very unequal leaves, its villous, ferruginous indumentum, and its solitary, axillary, long-pedi- celled, comparatively large flowers. The flowers are frequently borne in the axils of fallen leaves slightly above the surface of the ground. CYRTANDRA LONGIPEDUNCULATA sp. nov. § Polynesiae. Frutex subglaber, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque parce pubescentibus; foliis oppositis, lanceolatis ad oblongo-oblanceo- latis, in paribus leviter inaequalibus, usque ad 10 cm longis, glabris, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine distanter serratis vel denticulatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, prominentibus; inflorescen- tiis axillaribus, solitariis, umbellatis, paucifloris, laxis, quam folia brevioribus, longe graciliterque pedunculatis; floribus albis, cir- citer 1.8 cm longis. ; An erect shrub, glabrous except the younger branchlets and the inflorescence. Branches and branchlets slender, light-gray, terete, or when dry more or less ridged or striate, the younger parts minutely pubescent with short, brown, appressed hairs. 2 8 a. ne re 78 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Leaves opposite, in somewhat unequal pairs, chartaceous or sub- coriaceous, lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 4 to 10 cm long, 1 to 3 cm wide, narrowed above to the rather long-acuminate apex and below to the acute or cuneate base, the margins dis- tantly and coarsely serrate to merely denticulate, the upper sur- face smooth, shining, brownish-olivaceous, the lower paler, often brownish, when young somewhat pubescent, becoming entirely glabrous; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, prominent; petioles of the larger leaves about 5 mm long, of the smaller ones somewhat shorter. Inflorescence very slender, axillary, solitary, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves, the flowers umbellately disposed at the apices of the simple peduncles. Peduncles very slender, 3.5 to 5.5 cm long, the bracts lanceolate, 4 mm long, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers few, white, but one or two opening at the same time in each umbel. Calyx 6 mm long, glabrous or nearly so, ovoid, the tube 3 mm long, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, long-acuminate, more or less spreading, about 3 mm long. Corolla glabrous, narrowly cam- panulate, about 1.8 cm long, slightly widened upward, 2-lipped, the upper lip with 2, broadly ovate, rounded lobes about 3 mm long, the lower lip with 3 lobes, similar to those of the upper lip but slightly larger. Disk cupular, truncate, glabrous, 2 mm high. Stamens 2; filaments slightly pubescent; anthers 1 mm long, connate. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, tapering up- ward into the style which is glabrous below, and pubescent in the upper one-half or two-thirds. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19664 (type), 19796 McGregor, February 8, 1918. A species similar to and manifestly closely allied to Cyrtandra plectran- thiflora Krinzl., from which it differs in its differently shaped, glabrous, smaller, fewer-nerved leaves and its larger flowers. CYRTANDRA OBLONGATA sp. nov. § Aureae. Frutex erectus, 2 ad 3 m altus, plus minusve pubescentibus; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, acuminatis, base longe angusteque decurrentibus, margine irregulariter serratis, supra glabris, subtus dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus; nervis utrinque 14 ad 16, adscendentibus, subtus valde prominentibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus, sessilibus, floribus confertis, circiter 3 cm longis, bracteis involucrantibus albis, usque ad 3 em longis, anguste obovatis vel elliptico-ovatis. An erect, more or less branched shrub 2 to 3 m high, the branches stout, terete, or the younger ones more or less angled. 3 x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 79 Leaves somewhat crowded toward the ends of the branchlets, oblong, coriaceous, 18 to 25 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, the upper surface glabrous, dark-olivaceous, smooth, the lower much paler, the apex shortly but sharply acuminate, the base long and narrowly decurrent, winging the stout, 3 to 6 cm long petiole, the margins rather coarsely and irregularly serrate; nerves 14 to 16 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, very prom- inent on the lower surface, and with the midrib and the primary reticulations densely lanate-pubescent with brown hairs. Inflo- rescence axillary, sessile, the flowers crowded, shortly pedicelled, subtended by an involucre of large bracts. Bracts numerous, white, narrowly obovate to ovate-elliptic, membranaceous, up to 3 cm long and 2 cm wide, acuminate, coarsely toothed, sessile, prominently veined, the reticulations lax, slightly pubescent. Calyx about 18 cm long, outside appressed ferruginous-lanate, the upper 1 cm divided into 5, ovate-lanceolate, long and slender- ly acuminate lobes. Corolla white, narrowly campanulate, 3 em long, the two lobes of the upper lip about 6 mm long, orbicular-ovate, rounded, the cleft between them narrow, 5 mm deep, the three lobes of the lower lip broadly ovate, rounded, about 10 mm long. Stamens 4; anthers about 2.5 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, 4 to 5 mm long; style pubescent below the stigma. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, about 12 mm long. LuZON, Provinces of Tayabas and Laguna, Mount Banajao, Merrill 7515 (type), February, 1911, Whitford 981, 1008, October, 1904: without definite locality, Loher 6650. Merrill 5578, from Mount Halcon, Mindoro, a very poor specimen, is also apparently referable here. This species has previously been confused with Cyriandra cumingii Clarke, to which it is allied, but from which it differs in many charaeters, the shape and pubescense of its leaves, and the elongated, narrowly winged petioles. It is apparently closer to Cyrtandra rex Krinzl. than to C. cum- ingit Clarke, but is very different from Krinzlin’s species. CYRTANDRA NANA sp. nov. § Brevicaules. Planta parva, glabra, erecta, simplex, circiter 4 cm alta; foliis oppositis et ternis, sessilibus, oblongis, chartaceis, acutis, serratis, aequalibus, circiter 2 cm longis, 4 mm latis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, circiter 1 cm longis, calycibus alte 5-partitis. A small, glabrous, erect, unbranched plant about 4 cm high. Leaves rather crowded, the internodes short, mostly ternate or some opposite, equal, sessile, chartaceous, oblong, about 2 cm long, 4 mm wide, acute, base narrowed-decurrent, margins sharply serrate, the nerves obscure. Flowers apparently pur- a 13 + oa pee Se Saal 80 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 plish, solitary, axillary, their pedicels about 7 mm long, the bracts small or wanting. Calyx divided nearly to the base into 5, linear-oblong, obtuse lobes, the lobes about 6 mm long, 0.7 mm wide. Corolla narrowly funnel-shaped, somewhat enlarged upward, obscurely 2-lipped, the lobes broadly rounded, quite glabrous, 1 cm long. Ovary narrowly oblong, glabrous, 1.5 mm long, narrowed upward into the 5 mm long style. Stamens included, the staminodes inserted higher up than the stamens. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, near Tangcolan, Bur. Sci. 21462 Escritor, August 2, 1918. . A species well characterized by its very small size, the entire plant not exceeding 4 cm in height. Other striking characters are its solitary, pedicelled flowers, and its sessile ternate and opposite sessile leaves. DICHROTRICHUM Reinwardt DICHROTRICHUM PAUCIFLORUM sp. nov. Suffrutex epiphyticus, scandens, plus minusve setoso-hirsutus ; foliis longe petiolatis, ellipticis, usque ad 13 cm longis, 7 cm latis, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, nervis utrin- que circiter 7; inflorescentiis axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris ; floribus circiter 3 cm longis, extus setoso-hirsutis. An epiphytic, sparingly branched suffrutescent vine, the stems terete, somewhat fleshy when fresh, glabrous, emitting numerous roots along the side next to the supporting plant, glabrous, light-gray when dry, the apical parts more or less setose-hirsute. Leaves elliptic, 10 to 13 cm long, 5.5 to 7 cm wide, chartaceous, olivaceous, the base acute, the apex shortly and obtusely acum- inate, margins irregularly and doubly toothed, the teeth small, both surfaces with more or less scattered, long, stiff, white, jointed, setose-hirsute hairs especially along the midrib and lateral nerves, similar hairs also on the petioles and the in- florescence; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the mid- rib, rather prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending; petioles 4 to 6 cm long, when young densely setose-hirsute, less so when old. Inflorescence axillary, few-flowered, setose- hirsute, including the prominent flowers 4 cm long or less, the flowers subfascicled or arranged on a very short peduncle. Flowers up to 5 in each axil, but one or two opening at the same time, red, their pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, setose. Sepals 5, oblong-obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, 1.2 to 1.5 cm long, 3 to 4 mm wide, obtuse or acute, irregularly and rather prominently toothed, dorsally setose-hirsute with long stiff hairs. Corolla about 3 cm long, somewhat curved, externally somewhat setose- hirsute, the mouth very oblique, lobes broadly rounded. Fila- x,c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI R1 ments exserted 6 to 10 mm. Ovary glabrous; style spatulate. Disk prominent, glabrous, about 1.5 mm in diameter. PALAWAN, Mount Capoas, Malampaya Bay, Merrill 9497, April 21, 1913, epiphytic in the mossy forest, altitude about 950 meters. A species readily distinguished by its very short inflorescence, in this character approaching D. asperifolium Benth. & Hook. f., and D. brevipes Clarke, from both of which, however, it is very distinct. TRICHOSPORUM D. Don TRICHOSPORUM BRACHYSEPALUM sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus, scandens, glaber, tenuibus; foliis oppos- itis, coriaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 8 cm longis, acum- inatis, nervis lateralibus obsoletis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, pedicellatis, calycis usque ad basin divisi, segmentis 2 mm longis; corolla 2.2 cm longa, curvata, staminibus exsertis, fila- mentis pubescentibus. An epiphytic, glabrous, slender, branched vine, the stems and branches rather slender, terete, light-gray, the branchlets often longitudinally sulecate or striate when dry. Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, fleshy when fresh, coriaceous and wrinkled when dry, 6 to 8 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, narrowed below to the acute base, and above to the sharply and usually slenderly acuminate apex, the lateral nerves obsolete or nearly so; petioles 2 to 5 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, their pedicels slender, glabrous, about 1 cm long. Calyx consisting of 5, small, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long, glabrous lobes. Corolla tubular, curved, base broadly rounded, glabrous, 2 to 2.2 cm long, about 4.5 mm in diameter, the throat somewhat oblique, limb 2-lipped, 2 lobes somewhat larger than the other 3, the lobes -orbicular, rounded, about 4 mm in diameter, their margins with few, scattered, stiff hairs. Disk glabrous, truncate, 0.5 mm in diameter. Ovary glabrous; style pubescent. Stamens exserted about 1 cm; filaments pubescent; anthers connate, about 2 mm long. BASILAN, Cumalarang, Bur. Sci. 16163 Reillo, August 25, 1912. A species well characterized by its greatly reduced calyx which consists merely of 5, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long lobes. TRICHOSPORUM MACGREGORII sp. nov. § Haplotrichium. Species 7. rizalense affinis, differt floribus majoribus, 3.5 cm longis, corolla deorsum haud angustata, lobis majoribus (circiter 6 mm diametro), foliis tenuiter acuminatis. An epiphytic vine, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches light-gray, terete, the branchlets slender. Leaves 181281——6 82 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous when dry, usually olivaceous, 3.5 to 5 cm long, 1.3 to 1.6 cm wide, the base acute, the apex slenderly and sharply acuminate; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, ascending, very slender, often obscure; petioles about 2 mm long. Flowers solitary, axillary, their pedicels rather densely hirsute, about 6 mm long. Calyx cleft to the base into 5, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or blunt lobes which are somewhat hirsute, about 7 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 3-nerved. Corolla red, somewhat curved and ventricose, 3.5 cm long, hirsute outside, the mouth somewhat oblique, the lower 3 lobes broadly ovate, rounded, about 6 mm in diameter, the upper two about 4 mm in diameter. Disk glabrous, truncate, about 2 mm long. Ovary glabrous; style hirsute. Anthers 2 mm long, connate, included, the filaments as long as the corolla-tube. LuzON, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, near Imugan, Bur. Sci. 20075 McGregor, January, 1918. Manifestly closely allied to Trichosporum rizalense, which it closely resembles, differing in the indicated floral and vegetative characters. TRICHOSPORUM RIZALENSE sp. nov. § Haplotrichium. Species 7. philippinense simillima et affinis, differt floribus majoribus, circiter 3 cm longis, extus parce hirsutis, nervis lateralibus vix obsoletis, tenuibus, adscendentibus. A scandent, slender, epiphyte, glabrous except the inflores- cence. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, mostly light gray. Leaves opposite, when fresh fleshy, when dry coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, 3.5 to 4 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, the base acute, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, rather pale when dry; lateral nerves slender, ascending, about 4 on each side of the midrib, sometimes indistinct; petioles about 3 mm _ long. Flowers solitary, axillary, their pedicels slender, hirsute, 5 to 6 mm long. Calyx cleft to the base into 5, lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved lobes 5 to 6 mm long, about 1.4 mm wide, sparingly hirsute. Corolla red, somewhat curved, 3 cm long, sparingly hirsute outside, narrowed below, the mouth somewhat oblique, 2-lipped, lobes of the upper lip broadly rounded-ovate, about 4 mm in diameter, of the lower lip about 5 mm in diameter. Disk glabrous, truncate, 1.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous; style hirsute. Anthers included, connate in pairs, 2 mm long, the filaments as long as the corolla. LuZON, Province of Rizal, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 18775 Ramos, October, 1911. In general appearance greatly resembling Trichosporum philippinense, differing however, among other characters, in its larger hirsute flowers. x.c,1 Merrill: New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XI 3 TRICHOSPORUM MALINDANGENSE sp. nov. § Haplotrichium ? Frutex epiphyticus, scandens, gracile, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis coriaceis, anguste lanceolatis vel oblongis, glabris, circiter 7 cm longis, integris, nervis lateralibus obsoletis; caly- cibus tubulosis, breviter dentatis, extus parce capitellato-hirsutis, 2 ad 2.5 cm longis; corolla 4 cm longa, cylindrica, extus parce hirsuta. An epiphytic, scandent shrub, the branches rather stout, terete, pale-brown when dry, very slightly pubescent or subglab- rous. Leaves opposite, lanceolate to narrowly oblong, thickly coriaceous, pale and more or less wrinkled when dry, 6 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, narrowed above to the blunt apex, the base acute, somewhat shining, the midrib prominent, the nerves and reticulations obsolete; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers axillary, the pedicels 6 to 8 mm long, solitary or 2 to 4 fascicled in the upper axils. Calyx tubular, 2 to 2.5 cm long, 6 to 8 mm in diameter, slightly inflated in the middle, 5-toothed, the teeth short, acute, outside with scattered, short, white, capitate hairs. Corolla red, about 4 cm long, narrowly tubular, the limb some- what spreading, irregularly 5-lobed, the lobes ovate, rounded, about 6 mm in diameter. Stamens 4, included or slightly ex- serted; anthers about 3mm long. Disk glabrous. Ovary nearly as long as the corolla, rather densely capitellate-hirsute. MINDANAO, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 4660 Mearns & Hutchinson, May, 1906, in forests, altitude about 1,000 m. TRICHOSPORUM MINDORENSE sp. nov. § Haplotrichium. Species 7. philippinense affinis, differt pedunculis unifloris, floribus brevioribus latioribusque, circiter 2 cm longis, An epiphytic, scandent shrub, quite glabrous, the branches slender, terete, light-gray, 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Leaves fleshy when fresh, when dry coriaceous, pale-brownish, dull or slightly shining, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, entire, the base acute, the apex long and slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the midrib distinct, the lateral nerves and reticulations obsolete; petioles about 2 mm long. Flowers scar- let, axillary, solitary, their pedicels about 1 cm long, jointed in the middle, with a pair of linear, obtuse, 4 mm long bracts near the joint. Calyx cleft to its base into linear, obtuse, 4 to 5 mm lobes. Corolla scarlet, 2 cm long, glabrous, slightly curved, when flattened about 1 cm wide at the throat, somewhat ven- tricose, the mouth somewhat oblique, not contracted, the three lower lobes rounded-reniform, about 7 mm in diameter. Stamens Ree. ate 84 The Philippine Journal of Science included; anthers connate in pairs, 2 mm long. Disk 2 mm high, truncate, about 1.5 mm in diameter. MINDORO, Mount Halcon, Merrill 6141, November, 1906 (type), For. Bur. 4879 Merritt, June, 1906, altitude about 1,300 m; Mount Sablayan, For. Bur. 9761 Merritt, March, 1908, altitude about 1,000 m. A species manifestly allied to Trichosporum philippinense O. Ktze., with which the three specimens above cited have previously been confused, and which they greatly resemble, especially in vegetative characters. The flowers, however, are very different, relatively much shorter and broader, while the peduncles bear but a single flower, both the peduncles and pedicels being longer in the present species than in T. philippinense O. Ktze. TRICHOSPORUM IRIGAENSE sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus, glaber, ramulis teretibus; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, coriaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, nitidis, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi acutis, apice longe tenuiterque acuminatis, nervis lateralibus numerosis, densis, tenuibus, ad- scendentibus; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, pedicellatis, circiter 8 em longis; sepalis oblongis, acutis, circiter 1 cm longis, 3 ad 4 mm latis; corolla glabra, leviter inflata, plus minusve curvata. An epiphytic plant, sparingly branched, quite glabrous, the branches terete, apparently somewhat fleshy, when dry 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, base acute or somewhat rounded, apex long and slenderly acuminate, straight or slightly falcate, the upper surface olivaceous, shining, the lower paler; lateral nerves 10 or more on each side of the midrib, slender, densely arranged, sharply ascending, about equally evident on both surfaces; petioles 10 to 12 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, apparently red, quite glabrous, about 8 cm long, their pedicels about as long as the petioles. Calyx lobes nearly free, oblong, acute or obtuse, about 1 cm long, 38 to 4 mm wide, narrowed at both ends. Corolla somewhat inflated, slightly curved, when flattened out about 7 mm in diameter, enlarged upward. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Iriga, on trees at the summit, altitude about 1,200 m, Bur. Sct. 22211 Ramos, December 3, 19138. The alliance of this species seems to be with TRICHOSPORUM FOX- WORTHYI (Krinzl.) Aeschynanthus foxworthyi (Kranzl.), but is suf- ficiently distinct. The slender ascending nerves are characteristic. [Vol. IX, Sec. C, No. 6, including pages 495 to 563, was issued March 20, 1915.] 7, ON eee ¥ " ~~ Pee eS Ae WY Bey me me: bine *Cfr. Patouillard in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 6 (1914) 2239-2256. = fe so THE PHILIPPINE | , JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BOTANY VoL. X MARCH, 1915 No. 2 CHAMPIGNONS DES PHILIPPINES COMMUNIQUES PAR C. F. BAKER, II* Par N. PATOUILLARD (Newilly-sur-Seine, France) BASIDIOMYCETES A. HETEROBASIDIES SEPTOBASIDIUM Patouillard | * SEPTOBASIDIUM LAXUM sp. nov. 4 Resupinatum, longe lateque effusum, arcte adnatum; subiculo ye tenui, cinereo, ambitu fimbriato, concolori; contextu laxo, ex hyphis erectis, fasciculatis, brunneis, 4-6 » crassis, septatis, sur- Re sum ramosis, apice acutis, fasciculis rigidis, 15-40 ,» crassis, distantibus, 1-2 mm altis composito; hymenio superficiali, frus- | tuloso, pelliculoso, fusco-purpureo, evanescenti; probasidiis bre- eS viter pedicellatis, e globoso ovoideis, 15-20 » diam., brunneis, crassiuscule tunicatis, persistentibus; basidiis hyalinis, vehe- a menter curvatis, apice obtusis, transverse triseptatis, 35-40 10 Fe. p, tristerigmaticis; sporis................. Mont Maquiling prés Los Bajios, Prov. Laguna, Nemesio Catalan, comm. Baker 2978. Sur les Coccides des tiges d’Astronia Cumingiana. We” Plante voisine de S. Thwaitesti et de S. pedicellatum, caractérisée par a i ae un subiculum gris cendré, trés adhérent au support, par ses fascicules — sit, atk a trés distants et par sa pellicule hymenienne d’un roux pourpre trés me i _-- sombre. oe 2 Les probasides 4 parois épaisses persistent sur leu support aprés la : chute des basides et présentent alors une ouverture apicale, exactement i *The specimens cited in this paper are all from the Island of Luzon. E. D. M. 181718 85 . : ‘ . Merrill 887. Leyte, Elmer 7112, Piper 502, mostly distributed as P. sar- mentosa Blume. I have examined the type of Bartling’s species in the Prague herbarium, and have before me an excellent carbon rubbing showing the form and one venation of the leaves, with critical notes regarding indumentum, etc., and E am confident that my present interpretation of the species is correct. The a Prague specimen presents only immature flowers, although the fruits are described as globose. The species, as here interpreted, is very similar to Psychotria sarmentosa Hooker f., and perhaps is the form described under BS ‘ that name by Hooker. The seeds are not at all ruminate, while in Psycho- tria sarmentosa Blume the seeds are ruminate, and K. Schuman has placed Blume’s species in the genus Grumilea as G. sarmentosa (Blume) K. Sch. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4‘ (1891) 116. 4 PSYCHOTRIA MINDORENSIS Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1031. Luzon, For. Bur. 19933 Mendoza, Bur. Sci. 13822 Ramos. Munporo, McGregor 312. Sipuyan, Elmer 12832. Necros, For. Bur. 13592 Meyer & Foxworthy. LEytTe, Wenzel 279. MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 15890 Fénix, Mrs. Clemens 497, 8. n. A variable species as to leaf form, allied to P. ixoroides Bartl., but the leaves larger, rounded to somewhat cordate, not attenuate at the base, short-petioled. PSYCHOTRIA MEMBRANIFOLIA Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4 (18380) 522; “ F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 112. a Chasalia membranifolia Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1032; 5 (1913) *s 1856. a This species was based on a Philippine specimen collected by Haenke, i, and I have examined the type in the Prague herbarium. It is well matched by numerous specimens, and in all characters is a Psychotria and not a Be Chasalia; the seeds are not ruminate. In Chasalia the pyrenes and seeds are concavo-convex, not at all ridged on the back, and lunate in cross section. Thus character does not absolutely separate Chasalia from Psycho- tria, the genera being further distinguished by the elongated and curved corolla-tubes in Chasalia. Psychotria membranifolia Bartl. is represented by the following specimens: “- LuzeN, Province of Ilocos Norte, Bur. Sci. 7640 Ramos: Province of ee: Laguna, Los Bafios, Elmer, For. Bur. 11967 Tamesis, Baker $859: Prov- & ince of Albay, Bur. Sci. 6484 Robinson. Munpvoro, For. Bur. 3662, 11882 Merritt. Necros, For. Bur. 7290 Everett, Bur. Sci. 7326 Celestino. BuLt- A Set 2, Peta he ee i =. X, C, 2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 125 RAN, Bur. Sci. 18809 McGregor. LEYTE, For. Bur. 16980 Rosenbluth, Wenzel 280. MINDANAO, District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 534, 1048, 8. n.: District of Zamboanga, Hallier s. n.; Province of Agusan, Elmer 13389. The type of Bartling’s species is a specimen in flower, and a very excellent carbon rubbing showing the outline of the leaf and its venation is before me. Specimens bearing both flowers and fruits, and which absolutely match Bartling’s type specimen and the original description present the typical fruits of Psychotria, not of Chasalia. The mature fruits are ovoid to subellipsoid, 6 to 7 mm long, the pericarp rather prom- inently ridged when dry, the pyrenes plano-convex or somewhat concavo- convex, the dorsal surfaces prominently, longitudinally, about 5-ridged, the ridges rather sharp, the depressions rounded.. Var. ELMERI var. nov. Chasalia rostrata Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 38, non Migq. This form differs from the type in its obovate to obovate-oblong leaves which are abruptly and prominently acuminate, and its somewhat fewer nerves. In the type, that is Bartling’s original specimen, there are about 15 pairs of lateral nerves; in the present form from 9 to 11 pairs, but in the material above referred to the species the nerves vary from 8 to 15 pairs. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Atimonan, Merrill 4083; Kabibihan, Bur. Sci. 18238 Ramos; Tagcauayan, Bur. Sci. 13336 Ramos. Chasalia rostrata Miq. was credited to the Philippines by Mr. Elmer without citing any specimens; the one specimen so written up by him was Merrill 4088. This specimen, however, does not closely resemble Chasalia rostrata Migq., and is certainly a Psychotria. PSYCHOTRIA CHASALIOIDES sp. nov. Frutex circiter 1 m altus, glaber; inflorescentiis terminalibus, brevibus, breviter pedunculatis, 1 ad 2.5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus circiter 3 mm longis; foliis membranaceis, lanceolatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 8; fructibus carno- sis, obovoideis, 8 ad mm longis, pyrenis obovoideis, apice rotun- datis, basi acutis, plano-convexis, dorso distincte 3-carinato, albumine haud ruminato. A shrub or undershrub usually about 1 m high, glabrous, the branches terete, smooth, olivaceous. Leaves lanceolate to ob- long-lanceolate, membranaceous, 9 to 15 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the slenderly acuminate apex and the acute base, olivaceous and somewhat shining when dry, the lower surface a little paler than the upper; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, curved, prominently anastomosing; petioles 4 to 16 mm long. Inflor- -escence terminal, paniculate, shortly peduncled, 1 to 2.5 cm long, few flowered, the flowers sessile, rather crowded on the few 1 rae Ags Shr ae foie Wes) ee ee oie t ay 126 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 branchlets. Calyx oblong-cylindric, base narrowed, about 2 mm long, the teeth obscure. Corolla-tube cylindric, 2 mm long, gla- brous outside, villous within, the lobes spreading or reflexed, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, puberulent on the inner sur- face. Anthers 0.8 mm long. Style 3 mm long. Fruit red or purple when mature, the pericarp fleshy, obovoid, 8 to 9 mm long, distinctly ridged when dry. Pyrenes oblong-obovoid, plano-convex, 7 to 9 mm long, apex rounded, base acute, the back rather coarsely and prominently 3-ridged or keeled, the albumen not at all ruminate. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12314 (type), April, 1910, distributed as Chasalia mem- branifolia. MiNnporOo, Mount Halcon, Merrill 5576; Mount Sablayan, For. Bur. 11028, 12090 Merritt, in forests, from 600 to 1,800 meters altitude. This species is manifestly allied to Psychotria membranifolia Bartl., from which it differs in its much narrower leaves, its more or less obovoid fruits, and its pyrenes 3-, not 5-ridged. PSYCHOTRIA LEPTOTHYRSA Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1868) 208; Valeton in Ic. Bogor. 3 (1909) 288, t. 285. Psychotria beccariti K. Sch. in K. Sch. & Hollr. Fl. Kais. Wilhelmsil. (1889) 135. Coelospermum ahernianum Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 3. The reduction of Coelospermum ahernianum Elm. was made by Valeton, l. c. 285 by citation of the type number of Elmer’s species. In checking up this number in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science it was found that Ahern 164, cited by Valeton, was a species of Tabernaemontana. Accordingly I wrote to Dr. Valeton, who courteously looked up the specimen and reported that he had cited Ahern 164 by error, and that Ahern 196 was the sheet intended; this latter number is the type collection of Coelos- permum ahernianum. Our specimen of Ahern 196 agrees with Valeton’s figure and descrip- tion in all respects, and also agrees with Javan material in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science (cult. Hort. Bogor. III, L, 48), and determined by Valeton. The species is represented by the following Philippine material: LuzZON, Province of Camarines, Ahern 196 (type of Coelospermum aher- nianum Elm.), For. Bur. 10792 Curran. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1008 (probably). Java to Luzon and New Guinea. PSYCHOTRIA MEARNSII sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis inflorescentiisque plus minusve hir- sutus; foliis numerosis, oblongis, subcoriaceis, in siccitate brun- neis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, acuminatis, basi subacutis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5; paniculis terminalibus, circiter 4 cm longis, pyramidatis, ramis primariis patulis; fructibus ovoideis, circiter 4.5 mm longis, in siccitate longitudinaliter sulcatis; seminibus plano-convexis, dorso prominente longitudinaliter 3-sulcato vel carinato, albumine aequabile. Ne ase ; X,C,2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 127 A scandent shrub, the branchlets and panicles rather promi- nently hirsute with short, stiff, dark, spreading hairs. Branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, usually with rather numerous roots, the branchlets slender, the younger ones rather densely hirsute. Leaves numerous, rather crowded on the branchlets, oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, 2 to 2.5 cm long, 8 to 12 mm wide, dark-brown when dry, rather brittle, glabrous, or with few scattered hairs on the lower surface, acuminate, base subacute, margins usually recurved; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations subobsolete; petioles about 1 mm long, more or less hirsute. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, about 4 cm long and wide, sessile or nearly so, the branches few, spreading. Fruits ovoid or ’ narrowly ovoid, glabrous, about 4.5 mm long, dark-brown and suleate when dry, somewhat urceolate. Seeds flat on the inner surface, prominently longitudinally 3-suleate or 3-keeled on the back, albumen not at all ruminate. MINDANAO, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 4770 Mearns & Hutchinson (type), May, 1906, along the Malabug River, alti- tude about 500 m: District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 11424, as P. diffusa Merr. The alliance of this species is with Psychotria elliptifolia Elm., from which it is at once distinguished by its much more prominently nerved leaves and its pubescent branchlets. PSYCHOTRIA BALABACENSIS sp. nov. Frutex erectus, circiter 4 m altus, glaber; foliis membrana- ceis, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 14 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, apice abrupte breviter obtuseque acu- minatis, basi decurrento-acuminatis, nervis lateralibus 7 vel 8, tenuibus; infructescentiis terminalibus, brevissime pedunculatis, laxis; fructibus circiter 9 mm longis, globoso-ovoideis ad obov- oideis, laevis, pyrenis plano-convexis, laevis, aloumine aequabile. An erect glabrous shrub about 4 m high. Branches terete, reddish-brown, the branchlets slender, pale-greenish. Leaves membranaceous, pale and shining when dry, elliptic to oblong- elliptic, 9 to 14 cm long, 4.7 to 7 cm wide, apex rather abruptly, shortly, and broadly acuminate, the base somewhat decurrent- acuminate; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, spreading, distant, somewhat curved, anastomosing, the reticulations very lax, obscure; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long; stipules very broad, subacute, pale, about 3 mm long. Infructescence terminal, lax, 4 to 6 cm long, the peduncles 5 mm long or less, the branches few, elongated, slender, pale. Fruits about 9 mm I FGM Fee eee a ee Ree pene Oot er a Pa Ag ie ee ine? y Ry 128 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 long, pale and shining when dry, smooth, globose-ovoid to some- what obovoid, rounded, the pericarp crustaceous. Pyrenes plano-convex, smooth, not at all ridged, the young seeds ob- scurely keeled on the ventral surface, the albumen uniform. BALABAC, Bur. Sci. 21605 Escritor (type), August, 1913. PALAWAN, Bonabona, Bur. Sci. 21541 Escritor, August, 1913. This species in many characters closely approaches Psychotria membra- nifolia Bartl., but is entirely different in the characters of its infructescence and fruits. Its true alliance seems to be with Psychotria leptothyrsa Miq. (Coelospermum ahernianum Elm.), from which it is readily distinguished by its very short peduncles. PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF PSYCHOTRIA OR GRUMILEA OF WHICH THE FRUITS ARE UNKNOWN PSYCHOTRIA GITINGENSIS Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1024. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12431. Erect. PSYCHOTRIA BONTOCENSIS Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 456. Luzon, Vanoverbergh 2610. Erect. PSYCHOTRIA RAMOSISSIMA Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 355. Luzon, Elmer 9178. LEYTE, Wenzel 698. Scandent. PSYCHOTRIA RAMOSII Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 244. Luzon, Bur. Sci. 7499 Ramos. PSYCHOTRIA SIBUYANENSIS Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1028. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12355. Scandent. PSYCHOTRIA IWAHIGENSIS Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1851. PALAWAN, Elmer 18052. Scandent. PSYCHOTRIA VANOVERBERGHI! Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 457. Luzon, Vanoverbergh 1144, 2818. Erect. PSYCHOTRIA REPENS Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1849. PALAWAN, Elmer 12991. Scandent. PSYCHOTRIA VOLUTA Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1847. PALAWAN, Elmer 13258. Scandent. PSYCHOTRIA RIGIDAEFOLIA (Elm.) comb. nov. Randia rigidaefolia Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 352. The type of this species is Elmer 9118 from Lucban, Province of Taya- bas, Luzon, and so far as known it is represented only by this one collection. The species, is in all respects a Psychotria (or Grumilea) and is accord- ingly removed from Randia. In commenting on the species Mr. Elmer notes that it might be either Psychotria or Randia, but that the “more or less numerous ovules places it in the latter genus.” I find the ovary to be 2-celled, with a single ovule in each cell. It resembles Psychotria ramosis- X;, 2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, IT 129 sima Elm., differing in its puberulent entirely different inflorescences, and P. piperi Merr., differing from the latter in its much fewer nerved leaves; it is apparently much more closely allied to P. piperi than to P. ramosis- sima. Possibly a Grumilea rather than a Psychotria, but the fruits are unknown. PSYCHOTRIA PAUCIFLORA Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 522. Luzon, Haenke. I have examined the type of this species in the Prague herbarium, but from the description, a carbon rubbing to show the form and venation of the leaves, and my critical notes on the type, I am unable to refer to it a single specimen in our abundant material of Psychotria and Grumilea. I have no notes on the seeds, other than that the pyrenes are prominently 8- or 4-ridged, and hence cannot at this time determine whether it is a Psychotria or a Grumilea. It is characterized by its sessile infructescence which is about 2 cm in length and with but about 6 fruits. The characters of the fruit are similar to those of Psychotria manillensis Bartl., and the leaves resemble a small-leaved form of the same species, but have closer, more numerous nerves, 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib. SPECIES OF PSYCHOTRIA EXCLUDED OR EXCLUDED FROM THE PHILIPPINE FLORA PSYCHOTRIA ANDAMANICA Kurz; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 112. PSYCHOTRIA ANGULATA Korth.; F.-Vill. 1. c. PSYCHOTRIA DIVERGENS Kurz; F.-Vill. 1. c. PSYCHOTRIA MARIANA Bartl.; F.-Vill. 1. c. PSYCHOTRIA SULCATA Wall.; F.-Vill. 1. c. The above species were admitted to the Philippine Flora by F.-Villar, Novissima Appendix, ed. 38, Blanco Flora de Filipinas, through erroneous identifications; none of the species have been found in the Archipelago. PSYCHOTRIA PHILIPPENSIS Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaea 4 (1829) 21; DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 505; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 282; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 112; Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 22=Scyphiphora hydro- phyllacea Gaertn. I have examined the type of Psychotria philippensis C. & S., in the Berlin herbarium, and it is Gaertner’s species. GRUMILEA Gaertner This genus was proposed in the year 1788 for a Ceylon plant, Grumilea nigra Gaertn., and regarding the species Trimen * states that Psychotria thwaitesii Hook. f. (1880) is almost cer- tainly the same as Gaertner’s Grumilea nigra. The genus is distinguished from Psychotria on the basis of its ruminated seeds, and, so far as our abundant Philippine material shows, this character is distinctly constant. On the other hand, how- ever, in both Psychotria proper and in Grumilea, we have, as to habit, vines, undershrubs, shrubs, and small trees, and as to fruit characters: plants presenting entirely smooth fruits, pyrenes, and seeds through slightly to prominently ridged or * Fl. Ceyl. 2 (1894) 358. rn ; m y a ee a. oS Ee 130 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 sulcate ones; in both we have entirely glabrous to very pubescent species. While many authors have recognized Grumilea as a valid genus, most recent botanists have followed Bentham & Hooker f. in placing the species with ruminated seeds under Psychotria. K. Schumann,‘ however, has retained Gaertner’s genus, and has described many African and Malayan species. He has been followed by S. Moore, Hiern, Krause, and to a less degree by Valeton. Examination of the seed characters of our Philippine forms has shown that the bulk of our species that have previously been referred to Psychotria are in reality re- ferable to Grumilea, and it is suspected that a high percentage of the Malayan species are Grumilea rather than Psychotria. While I have examined all of our rather abundant Malayan material, I am at present concerned only with those forms that are found in the Philippines. Below is given a list of those species, described under Psychotria, which are definitely refer- able to Grumilea, followed by the descriptions of a few ap- parently undescribed forms. GRUMILEA ARBORESCENS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria arborescens Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1080. MINDANAO, Elmer 11263. This species is apparently very closely allied to Psychotria celebica Miq. GRUMILEA URDANETENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria urdanetensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1983. MINDANAO, Elmer 13708. GRUMILEA RIZALENSIS (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria rizalensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1912) Bot. 57. Luzon, Loher 6845, 6405. GRUMILEA MICROPHYLLA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria microphylla Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 522. NeGros, Elmer 9505, 10191. PALAWAN, Bur. Sci. 705 Foxworthy. GRUMILEA VERSICOLOR (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria versicolor Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1852. PALAWAN, Elmer 12768. MINDANAO, Elmer 13740 (as P. luzonensis). TINAGO, Ahern 472. Valeton cites Ahern 472, and Elmer 8200 (err. 82000) sub Psychotria aurantiaca Bl., with doubt; cfr. Ic. Bogor. 3: 227, but I do not think that Ahern 472 can be so referred, although Blume’s species is a Grumilea. GRUMILEA MINDANAENSIS (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria mindanaensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 54. MINDANAO, Merrill 8084, 8096. ‘Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4* (1891) 115. A , Tae. Re! Oy Me pe ee Poe X, C, 2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 131 GRUMILEA NEGROSENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria negroensis Elm. Leafil. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 520. NeGros, Elmer 9686. For. Bur. 5567 Everett. GRUMILEA PALOENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria paloensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 65. LEYTE, Elmer 7056. MINDANAO, Clemens 492, 559, 867. GRUMILEA PHANEROPHLEBIA (Merr.) comb. nov. , Psychotria phanerophlebia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 243. Luzon, Bur. Sci. 7404, 14506 Ramos. GRUMILEA PILOSELLA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria pilosella Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 353. Luzon, Elmer 9218, Bur. Sci. 9363 Robinson. GRUMILEA PINNATINERVIA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria pinnatinervia Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 26. LuzON, Whitford 982, Elmer 7894, 7905, Bur. Sci. 2099, 2684, 19555 Ramos, Phil. Pl. 387 Ramos, Loher 6327, 8372, Bur. Sci. 2405, 2406 Fox- worthy, For. Bur. 7877 Curran & Merritt, Baker 2457. GRUMILEA PLUMIERIAEFOLIA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria plumeriaefolia Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1026. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12250. Luzon, Bur. Sci. 9295 Robinson. POLILLo, Bur. Sci. 9402 Robinson. NeEGrOS, For. Bur. 7256 Everett. GRUMILEA RUBIGINOSA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria rubiginosa Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 — 25; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 135. Luzon, Elmer 6718, Whitford 243, s. n., For. Bur. 2778 ee Bur. Sci. 18776 Ramos. GRUMILEA SUBALPINA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria subalpina Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 64. Luzon, Elmer 7942, 7672, For. Bur. 7855 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 19568 Ramos. MInporo, Merrill 6159. GRUMILEA SUBSESSILIFLORA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria subsessilifiora Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 24. Luzon, Whitford 722, Baker 2461, Bur. Sct. 19425 Ramos. MINDANAO, Ahern 321. MInporo, For. Bur. 11468 Merritt. GRUMILEA LUCONIENSIS (Cham. & Schlecht.) comb. nov. Coffea luconiensis Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaea 4 (1829) 32; DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 502; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 308. Paederia tacpo Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 160, ed. 2 (1845) 113, ed. 3, 1 (1877) 202; Usteri Beitr. Kenn. Philip. Veg. (1905) 119 (P. jacpo). Psychotria luzoniensis F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 112; Vid. Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 157; Merr. Fl. Manila (1912) 453. _— 182 The Philippine Journal of Science 1917 Psychotria tacpo Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 312. Psychotria malayana F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 112, non Jack. Psychotria aurantiaca Vid. Cat. Pl. Prov. Manila (1880) 34, non BI. This much-named species is by far the commonest and most widely distributed representative of Grumilea or Psychotria found in the Philip- pines. It is represented by no less than 80 specimens in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science, ranging from northern Luzon southward to Min- doro, Panay, and Leyte, for the most part distributed as Psychotria malayana and P. tacpo (earlier collections) and P. lucgoniensis (recent collections). GRUMILEA MALAYANA (Jack) comb. nov. Psychotria malayana Jack in Malay Miscel. 1 (1820) 3, Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. 4 (1843) 26; King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 74’ (1905) 18. Psychotria aurantiaca Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. 2 (1824) 165; Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 962; Valeton in Ic. Bogor. 3 (1909) 225, t. 283. This species, as I interpret it, has been found in the Philippines only - in Palawan. Here I refer For. Bur. 3540 Curran, Bur. Sci. 21534 Escritor, Merrill 472, and Phil. Pl. 1229 Merrill, as these specimens seem to me to represent the same species as Koorders 25589 from Java. The range of the species is the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and Banca. GRUMILEA ACUMINATISSIMA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria acuminatissima Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 3853. Luzon, Elmer 8752, Bur. Sci. 13876 Ramos. GRUMILEA BANAHAENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria banahaensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 26. Luzon, Whitford 983, 625, Bur. Sci. 15077 Ramos, Elmer 9124. POLILLO, Bur. Sci. 6835, 6842 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 10775 McGregor. GRUMILEA ALVAREZII (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria alvarezii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1918) Bot. 56. Luzon, For. Bur. 22189 Alvarez. GRUMILEA BATAANENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria bataanensis Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 23; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 134. Luzon, Elmer 6980, Whitford 214, Merrill 3180, 3765, For. Bur. 2078 Borden, Williams 411, 613, For. Bur. 1508 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 1599 Foxworthy, all from Mount Mariveles, Province of Bataan. GRUMILEA GRACILIPES (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria gracilipes Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1918) Bot. 52. Luzon, Bur. Sci. 14507 Ramos, Weber 1572. -GRUMILEA LOHERI (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria loheri Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 356. Luzon, Elmer 8584, Bur. Sci. 5475, 7062 Ramos, Williams 1269, 1338, ; i te Si td a ee ee ae Pe a ee et p a Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 1383 For. Bur. ‘14164 Merritt, all from the Mountain Province (Benguet and Abra). GRUMILEA LONGIPEDICELLATA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria longipedicellata Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 22. Luzon, Merrill 3361, Whitford 907. GRUMILEA LONGIPEDUNCULATA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria longipedunculata Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1027. SiBuYAN, Elmer 12532. POoLILLo, Bur. Sci. 10218 McGregor. GRUMILEA MACGREGORI! (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria macgregorii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 389. Luzon, Merrill 6495, Bur, Sci. 8854, 19825 McGregor, For. Bur. 16358, 18077, 18082 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke. GRUMILEA CAGAYANENSIS (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria cagayanensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1918) Bot. 51. Luzon, Bur. Sci. 18912 Ramos, For. Bur. 15491 Bernardo. GRUMILEA CEPHALOPHORA (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria cephalophora Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) 488. BABUYANES ISLANDS, Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 4048 Fénix. GRUMILEA CRISPIPILA (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria crispipila Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 240. Luzon, Bur. Sci. 5464, 5468, 5581 Ramos, For. Bur. 18150, 18121 Curran, Zschokke, & Merritt, Merrill 4490, Elmer 6549, 8794, For. Bur. 4983, 4994 Curran, Bur. Sci. 4285, 4427 Mearns, Williams 1222, 1301, 1539, all from the Mountain Province (Benguet and Lepanto). GRUMILEA EUPHLEBIA (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria euphlebia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 55. LuzON, Bur. Sci. 14582, 18928 Ramos, For. Bur. 19638 Curran. GRUMILEA TAYABENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria tayabensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 354. Luzon, Elmer 7581, 7984, Bur. Sci. 18354, 2121, 12108 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 6070 Robinson, For. Bur. 7870 Curran & Merritt, Gates 6462. MINDORO, For. Bur. 6888 Merritt. GRUMILEA WEBERI (Merr.) comb. nov. Psychotria weberi Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 54. LuzON, Weber 1578, For. Bur. 19579 Curran. GRUMILEA ERYTHROTRICHA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria erythrotricha Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1891. MINDANAO, Province of Agusan, Elmer 13486. LEYTE, Wenzel 775. GRUMILEA VELUTINA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria velutina Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1894. PoLILLo, Bur. Sci. 10212 McGregor. MINDANAO, Elmer 13615 (cited in the original description as 13605). Luzon, Bur. Sci. 18362, 22098 Ramos. 181713——4 . . Si ese 5 icone he © idee WS poe neil F 3. gn Fy i Pie) Se tas St a es he ee fe OE, Sa SES eed ee 1384 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 GRUMILEA SIMILIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria similis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1025. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12439. NeEcrOs, For. Bur. 7260 Everett. GRUMILEA PYRAMIDATA (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria pyramidata Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1850. PALAWAN, Elmer 13188, For. Bur. 21496 Fernandez, Bur. Sci. 900 Fox- worthy, Merrill 9518. GRUMILEA PALAWANENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Psychotria palawanensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1348. PALAWAN, Elmer 12787. GRUMILEA AMARACARPOIDES sp. nov. Frutex erectus 2 ad 3 m altus, partibus junioribus ferrugineo- villosis; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate brun- neis, obtusis ad obscure acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 5 cm longis, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9; fructibus terminalibus, solitariis, sessilis, ellipsoideis vel ovoideis, laevis, circiter 8 mm longis, pyrenis obscure 3-costatis, albumine ruminato. An erect shrub 2 to 3 m high, the branchlets, petioles, and midribs on the lower surface of the leaves rather prominently appressed ferruginous-villous. Branches and branchlets slender, terete. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, brown and slightly shining when dry, 2.5 to 5 cm long, 7 to 15 mm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the obtuse to obscurely acuminate apex; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, slender; petioles 5 mm long or less. Fruits terminal, solitary, sessile, red when mature, about 8 mm long, ovoid to ellipsoid, smooth, not at all ridged when dry, the pyrenes plano-convex, the back obscurely 3-ridged. Albumen ruminate. Luzon, Province of Abra, Bur. Sci. 7275 Ramos; Subprovince of Le- panto, altitude 1,600 m, For. Bur. 5721 Klemme: Subprovince of Bontoc, Vanoverbergh 695, altitude 1,450 m: Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8120 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 4757 Ramos, altitude 1,400 to 1,800 m: Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 2887 Meyer (type), Whitford 1193, Merrill 3194, Elmer 6975, altitude 1,000 to 1,200 meters. MINDORO, For. Bur. 8638, 8748 Merritt, altitude 1,200 meters. This is the species reported from the Philippines as Amaracarpus pubes- cens Blume (Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 1; Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 186), but it is manifestly no Amaracarpus in spite of its superficial resemblance to A. pubescens Blume, and its solitary fruits. The seeds are prominently ruminate. It is apparently very closely allied to Grumilea urdanetensis (Elm.) Merr. I have Javan specimens of Amaracarpus pubescens Blume for com- parison (coll. Koorders), while Blume’s species has recently been very carefully described and figured by Valeton Ic. Bogor. 3 (1909) 207, t. 278. x, C, 2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 185 GRUMILEA CAMARINENSIS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, subglaber; foliis chartaceis, oblongis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, brevissime acuminatis, deorsum angustatis, basi acutis, subtus ad nervos plus minusve hirsutis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, prominentibus, adscendentibus; fructibus ellipsoideis, circiter 12 mm longis, sessilibus, calycibus persistentibus; pyrenis plano-convexis, cir- citer 8 mm longis, longitudinaliter 4-sulcatis, albumine ruminato. A shrub about 3 m high, the young branchlets more or less hirsute. Branches glabrous, terete, dark-gray. Leaves firmly chartaceous, oblong to broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 7 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3.5 em wide, the apex shortly and obscurely acuminate or merely acute, narrowed from about the middle to the acute base, dark-colored on both surfaces when dry, dull, the lower surface sparingly hirsute on the lateral nerves and midrib; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very prom- inent on the lower surface, ascending; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, in fruit 5 cm long or less, ferru- ginous-hirsute, usually once forked, bearing few fruits, all sessile. Fruits yellow, ellipsoid, about 12 mm long, fleshy when fresh, the persistent calyx-tube prominent, crowning the fruit. Py- renes 2, ellipsoid, 8 mm long, 5 mm wide, plano-convex, longi- tudinally 4-sulcate, ridged, seeds ruminate. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Iriga, in the mossy forest, Phil. Pl. 1552 Ramos (type), November 29, 1918. Leyte, For. Bur. 16906 Rosenbluth. A species characterized by its prominently nerved leaves and its few, sessile fruits covered by the persistent calyx-tube. GRUMILEA FASCICULIFLORA sp. nov. Frutex 1 ad 2 m altus, glaber; foliis lanceolatis, usque ad 20 em longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, in siccitate brunneis char- taceis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 16, distantibus, distinctis; fructibus junioribus obovoideis, circiter 5 mm longis, breviter pedicellatis, in fasciculis terminalibus dispositis, pyrenis plano-convexis, dor- so haud sulcato, albumine ruminato. A shrub 1 to 2 m high, quite glabrous, the branches terete, rather slender, brownish in color when dry, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, chartaceous, brown and slightly shining when dry, 10 to 20 m long, 2 to 3 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acuminate apex and to the acute base; lateral nerves 12 to 16 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, distant, curved, ‘searcely anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 5 to 8 mm long; stipules 1 to 2 mm long, truncate. Young fruits ee a ee Pe a aes are ot ene ee ae es B= 1386 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 fascicled at the tips of the branchlets, about 8 in a fascicle, their pedicels about 4 mm long. Fruits somewhat obovoid, brown when dry, smooth, not at all sulcate, about 5 mm long, the pyrenes plano-convex, smooth, not at all sulcate or ridged, seeds ruminate. SAMAR, Yabong, Bur. Sci. 17519 Ramos, March 15, 1914, on forested slopes. The alliance of this species is with Psychotria euphlebia Merr., but with quite differently shaped, fewer nerved leaves. In facies it resembles Psychotria mindanaensis Merr., but the inflorescence is entirely different from that species. It is well characterized by its elongated, lanceolate leaves and its flowers and fruits borne in terminal fascicles. GRUMILEA ISAROGENSIS sp. nov. Frutex glaber; foliis oblongo-ellipticis ad lanceolato-ellipticis, chartaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angus- tatis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, distantibus, tenuibus; inflorescentiis 2 ad 3 cm longis, pauci- floris, laxis; fructibus obovoideis, non sulcatis, 7 mm longis, albumine ruminato. A glabrous shrub 2 to 3 m high, the branches and branchlets slender, grayish or brownish, wrinkled when dry. Leaves firmly chartaceous, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 7 to 9 cm long, 1.6 to 2.2 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the somewhat acum- inate apex and to the cuneate base, dull-olivaceous when dry, of nearly the same color on both surfaces; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distant, slender, obscurely anastomos- ing, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules lanceolate, caducous, 8 mm long. Inflorescence a ter- minal, lax, few-flowered, 2 to 3 cm long panicle. Fruits few, 3 to 6 on each inflorescence, their peduncles 7 to 9 mm long, the fruits obovoid, smooth, not sulcate, 7 mm long, 5 mm in diameter, the apex rounded, calyx-tube not persistent, base acute; pyrenes plano-convex, quite smooth, not at all sulcate or ridged, seeds ruminate. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Isarog, in the mossy forest, Phil. Pl. 1558 Ramos, November 29, 1913. A species manifestly allied to Grumilea acuminatissima (Elm.) Merr. and to G. loheri (Elm.) Merr., but apparently sufficiently distinct from both. GRUMILEA LANAENSIS sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis charta- ceis vel subcoriaceis, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 5 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice breviter acuminatis, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7, obscuris, reticulis X, ©, 2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 137 subobsoletis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, pedunculatis, griseo- puberulis, trifidis, 5 ad 6 cm diametro; fructibus carnosis, cir- citer 5 mm longis, ovoideis, laevis, pyrenis plano-convexis, haud sulcatis, aloumine valde ruminato. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, grayish or brown, sometimes with numerous roots on the internodes. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, dark-brown or dark olivaceous-brown when dry, brittle, slightly shining, 4 to 5 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the shortly acuminate apex; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, slender, anastomosing close to the margin, the primary reticulations very few, lax, obscure, the secondary ones entirely obsolete; petioles 3 to 5 mm long; stipules suborbicular, rounded, about 3 mm in diameter, caducous. Inflorescences terminal, peduncled, usually about 6 cm long and 5 to 6 cm in diameter, the peduncles about 3 cm in length, each bearing three subequal branches, the flowers crowded on the ultimate branchlets of the trifid inflorescence, the young branchlets, pedicels, and flowers densely puberulent with brownish or gray- ish hairs. Flowers numerous, white, fragrant, the pedicels very short. Calyx about 1.5 mm long, obscurely 5-toothed. Corolla- tube 2 mm long, puberulent outside, villous within, the lobes 5, oblong, obtuse, about 1.8 mm long. Anthers oblong, 1 mm long. Fruit fleshy and white when mature, ovoid, about 5 mm long, the pericarp apparently very soft; pyrenes plano-convex, smooth, not at all ridged, elliptic to somewhat obovoid, rounded, 4 mm long, the seeds prominently ruminate. MINDANAO, District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 924 (type), 8. n., in September—October, and in June, 1907, in swamps, altitude about 750 meters. This species, in general appearance, rather closely approximates some forms of Psychotria ixoroides Bartl., but its fruits are entirely different, and its prominently ruminate albumen places it in the genus Grumilea. It is doubtless closely allied to Grumilea sarmentosa (Blume) K. Sch., but is not at all Psychotria sarmentosa as described by Hooker f. in his Flora of British India. GRUMILEA NITENS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 2 m altus, glaber; foliis coriaceis vel sub- coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 19 cm longis, acutis vel. obscure | acuminatis, basi acutis, in siccitate nitidis, brunneis vel supra olivaceo-brunneis, margine leviter recurvatis, nervis utrinque 16 ad 18, distinctis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, usque ad 9 cm Be ae. : et ts ‘ 3 a a Ge iD ie etek ea PRS ae ee Oe UTE Eee Aas ne Pe PS: eit ae ee aR ee ee ae } i , Beri gia Ach 138 ' The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 longis e basi ramosis; fructibus paucis, obovoideis, brunneis, laevis, haud sulcatis, circiter 8 mm longis, pyrenis plano-convexis, laevis, albumine valde ruminato. A shrub about 2 m high, quite glabrous. Branches terete, somewhat grayish, wrinkled when dry, the younger ones yellow- ish-brown. Leaves oblong, mostly 14 to 19 cm long, 4.5 to 6.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the acute or slightly acuminate apex, brownish or the upper surface brownish-olivaceous when dry, smooth, shining, the margins slightly recurved; lateral nerves 16 to 18 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved, distinctly anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax; petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long; stipules caducous, the scars prominent. Inflorescence terminal, up to 9 cm long, with one or two branches from the very base, these spreading and 5 cm long or less, otherwise unbranched below the upper one-fourth, the branches here short, each with two or three fruits. Fruits obovoid, brown when dry, smooth, not at all ridged or sulcate, about 8 mm long, the pyrenes plano-convex, smooth, seeds prominently ruminate. Luzon, Province of Isabela, Palanan Bay, Bur. Sci. 21157 Escritor, June 25, 1918. This species is well characterized by its brownish leaves which are rather prominently shining when dry, subequally narrowed at both ends, the margins slightly recurved. The obovoid smooth fruits somewhat re- semble those of Grumilea lugoniensis Merr., which is perhaps the closest alliance of the present species among the numerous Philippine forms. GRUMILEA PAPILLATA sp. nov. Frutex erectus, ramulis foliisque prominente ferrugineo-hir- sutus;. foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, chartaceis, usque ad 11 em longis, utrinque plus minusve papillatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus prominentibus; fruct- ibus terminalibus, fasciculatis, dense confertis, ovoideis, circiter 8 mm longis, leviter hirsutis, laevis; pyrenis plano-convexis, laevis, albumine ruminato. An erect shrub, 1 m high fide Ramos, the branchlets and leaves prominently hirsute with spreading ferruginous hairs. Branches terete, grayish to brownish, glabrous, the branchlets very densely ferruginous-hirsute. Leaves oblong to oblong- elliptic, chartaceous, brown when dry, 8 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, base acute to subobtuse, apex distinctly acuminate, both surfaces with scattered papillae, the papillae extended as ferruginous hairs, the midrib and lateral nerves on the lower surface prominently hirsute; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, curved, obscurely anasto- xa Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 189 mosing, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles densely ferru- ginous-hirsute, 1 cm long or less. Inflorescence terminal, the flowers fascicled, crowded, subsessile or shortly petioled. Fruits ovoid, about 8 mm long, crowded, black when dry, sparingly hirsute, not at all sulcate or ridged. Pyrenes plano-convex, smooth, about 5 mm long, obovoid, rounded at the apex, base acute, the seed ruminate. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Phil. Pl. 1701 Ramos, April, 1914, in forests, along small streams. This very characteristic species is readily recognizable by its ferru- ginous indumentum, its papillate leaves, and its densely crowded, appar- ently fascicled, sessile or subsessile flowers and fruits. GRUMILEA RADICANS sp. nov. Frutex scandens, circiter 3 m altus, inflorescentiis puberulis, ramis teretibus, saepe radicantibus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, in siccitate griseis, nitidis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, longe petiolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8; paniculis terminalibus, pedunculatis, ut videtur paucifloris, sub fructu circiter 4.5 cm diametro; fructibus ellipsoideis, 5 mm longis, laevis, seminibus plano-convexis, laevis, nec sulcatis nec carinatis, aloumine ru- minato. . A scandent glabrous shrub reaching a height of 3 m, the stem 5 mm in diameter, often rooting to its support, terete, the branch- lets terete, cinereous, 2 to 83 mm in diameter. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, grayish and shining when dry, the lower surface densely and minutely puncticulate, 7 to 11 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, narrowed upward to the slenderly acuminate apex, the base acute; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distant, curved, slen- der, distinct, the primary reticulations lax; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm long. Panicles terminal, peduncled, in fruit about 4.5 cm in diameter, the peduncles about 3 cm long, the primary branches three. Fruits ellipsoid, green, smooth, about 5 mm long, black when dry, crowned by the short, cylindric, truncate tube which is about 2 mm in diameter and about one-half as long. Seeds two, plano-convex, smooth, not at all sulcate or keeled, promi- nently ruminate. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1193 (type), in forests, altitude about 500 m, October 1, 1914. Here I also refer Wenzel 754, from Leyte, and Bur. Sci. 18730, 18752 McGregor, from Biliran. This species is allied to Grumilea sarmentosa K. Sch., from which it differs in its differently shaped inflorescence, and its quite differently shaped leaves. The same characters serve to distinguish this species from Grumilea sibuyanensis. eee : 4 ne é, Z ?. Ray pets tS he ON en + erg bee has one a a eee Me Pe 140 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 GRUMILEA WENZELII sp. nov. Frutex glaber, circiter 2 m altus, erectus; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis ad anguste oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, in siccitate pallidis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, distinctis; paniculis terminalibus, brevibus, paucifloris, circiter 2 cm longis, e basi ramosis; fructibus obov-— oideis, 8 mm longis, in siccitate rugosis, haud sulcatis, pyrenis plano-convexis, laevis, vel extus obscurissime carinatis, albumine prominente ruminato. A glabrous erect shrub about 2 m high, the branches terete, pale when dry, often somewhat wrinkled. Leaves subcoria- ceous, pale when dry, oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong-obovate, 7 to 10 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, somewhat shining, apex distinctly acuminate or sometimes merely acute, base acute, the lower surface usually a little paler than the upper; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations rather lax; petioles 5 to 12 mm long; stipules deciduous. Pan- icles terminal, few-flowered, in anthesis about 2 cm long, in fruit up to 3.5 cm long, branched from the base. Flowers white. Calyx about 2 mm in diameter, irregularly 4- to 6-toothed, the teeth somewhat triangular, acute, 0.4 mm long. Corolla-tube 2 mm long, villous at the throat inside, the lobes 4, oblong-ovate, 2.5 mm long, acute or obtuse. Fruits scarlet when fresh, the pericarp somewhat fleshy, when dry about 8 mm long, ovoid, distinctly wrinkled, dark-colored, not at all sulcate. Seeds two, plano-convex, the back smooth, not at all sulcate, sometimes very obscurely keeled, prominently ruminate. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 622, 882, 1142 (type), in forests, altitude about 500 m, flowering in March, with fully matured fruits in September. A species somewhat similar to Grumilea luconiensis Merr., to which the first two numbers, cited above, were referred. It differs notably in its pale, fewer-nerved leaves, and its larger, distinctly wrinkled fruits, as well as in its seed characters. CHASALIA Commerson CHASALIA LURIDA (Blume) Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 282. Psychotria lurida Blume Bijdr. (1826) 959. Zwaardekronia lurida Korth. in Neder]. Kruidk. Arch. 2’ (1851) 252. Chasalia curviflora Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1859-64) 150. MINDORO, McGregor 307, Bur. Sci. 6834 Merritt. BANTON, McGregor, 848. SIBUYAN, Elmer 12199, McGregor 26. Ticao, For. Bur. 1082 Clark. LEYTE, Elmer 7057. PALAWAN, Merrill 864. Bauapac, Merrill 5379. BauLuT, Merrill 5416. MINDANAO, District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 14229 Whitford. The oldest valid specific name is here adopted for this widely distrib- uted plant. The Philippine specimens here referred to Chasalia lurida x, €,2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 141 Mig. present considerable variation in the size of the leaves, but the vena- tion and characters of the inflorescence, the flowers, and the fruits are essentially identical with material from Ceylon (Thwaites C. P. 1714), the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and Borneo. The leaves of the Philippine specimens average somewhat wider than in our extra-Philippine material. Chasalia obscurinervia Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1033, based on Elmer 11200 from Mindanao, a specimen with immature fruits, is probably identical with Chasalia lurida Miq. Comparing Elmer 11200 with Thwaites C. P. 1714 I can detect no constant differential characters that would lead me to consider the two specimens specifically distinct; they are not, however, directly comparable as Elmer’s specimen has immature fruits, while Thwaites’s specimen is in flower. Chasalia expansa Migq., to which Mr. Elmer compares his species, is, according to Koorders, a synonym of Psychotria montana Blume. STREBLOSA Korthals STREBLOSA AXILLIFLORA sp. nov. Frutex vel suffrutex parvus, inflorescentiis axillaribus minute hirsutus; foliis membranaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, oli- vaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, longe petiolatis, utrinque aequaliter angustatis acutisque, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 15; in- florescentiis numerosis, axillaribus, quam petiolo brevioribus, subecymosis, brevissime pedunculatis; floribus minutis, haud 2 mm longis, bracteolatis; fructibus ellipsoideis, 2 mm longis, longitudinaliter sulcatis; pyrenes plano-convexis, dorso acute 3-carinato, albumine aequabile. A shrub or undershrub (size not indicated by the collector), nearly glabrous except the inflorescence which is pubescent with scattered, short hairs. Branches terete. Leaves membrana- ceous, olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, oblong to oblong- elliptic, 9 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and apex, the lower surface very obscurely pu- berulent at least on the nerves; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct, somewhat curved, anastomosing; petioles 3 to 4 cm long; stipules up to 8 mm long, cleft nearly to the base into two, lanceolate, acuminate segments. Inflorescence subcymose, axillary, short-peduncled, 2 cm long or less, sparingly hirsute with short hairs, the branches few, the flowers and fruits rather densely crowded; bracts oblong-ovate, up to 1.8 mm long, slightly pubescent. Flowers 2 mm long or less, the calyx slightly pubescent, 5-toothed. Stamens 5; anthers 0.5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, about 2 mm long, slightly hirsute, longitudinally ridged, the pyrenes plano-convex, the back distinctly and rather sharply 3-ridged, seeds not at all ruminate. LuzON, Province of Camarines, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22018 Ramos (type), November, 1913. Samar, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17514 Ramos, Risin i , —— oe te ee Coy rey, 142 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 March, 1914, along small streams in forests, the Bicol name recorded as tungirit. ; This species is similar to, and manifestly closely allied to Streblosa tortilis Korthals (Psychotria tortilis Blume) of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, but is at once distinguished by its leaves not being at all lepidote and with more numerous lateral nerves. I am in agreement with Valeton and with Ridley in considering Streb- losa Korthals to be a valid genus. In aspect the plants are entirely different from Psychotria and Grumilea, and the differential characters appear to be constant. From all our representatives of Psychotria and Grumilea the present species is distinguished by its minute fruits and axillary inflorescences; surely, if Grumilea is to be separated from Psycho- tria, there are as great or geater reasons for distinguishing Streblosa as a valid genus. HYDNOPHYTUM Jack HYDNOPHYTUM BRACHYCLADUM sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus, glaber; ramis primariis numerosis, cir- citer 20 cm longis, 2 ad 3 mm diametro, in siccitate plus minusve rugosis vel sublaevis, pallide brunneis; foliis ut videtur carnosis, in siccitate chartaceis, oblongis ad ovatis vel suborbicularis, usque ad 6 cm longis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, obscuris vel obso- letis; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, circiter 7 mm longis. An epiphytic shrub, quite glabrous, the base swollen, subglo- bose, apparently about 15 cm in diameter, brown and wrinkled when dry. Branches numerous, fascicled, about 20 cm long, terete or subterete, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, pale-brownish when dry, usually wrinkled, when fresh apparently somewhat fleshy. Leaves apparently fleshy and coriaceous when fresh, when dry chartaceous, rather pale or the younger ones nearly black, ob- long to ovate or even suborbicular, 2 to 6 cm long, 1 to 3 cm wide, usually more or less narrowed to the acute base, rounded in orbicular ones, the apex obtuse, both surfaces rather densely wrinkled when dry; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, very slender, obscure, sometimes entirely obsolete; pe- tioles 2 mm long or less; stipules triangular-ovate, acute, 2.5 mm long. Flowers axillary, fascicled, many in each fascicle. Calyx cup-shaped, about 1.5 mm long and wide, sessile, truncate. Corolla slender, 7 mm long, the tube cylindric, slender, 3 mm long, the lobes somewhat spreading, oblong, obtuse or acute, 4 mm long, 1 to 1.2 mm wide, the throat villous. Anthers 1.2 mm long. Style 3 mm long, the arms narrowly club-shaped, 1.5 mm long. MINDORO, Calapan, Bur. Sci. 924 Mangubat, June, 1906. Apparently well characterized by its numerous, fascicled, comparatively short primary branches which are about 20 cm long, its leaves very diverse in form, and its slender, comparatively long flowers. fede, * Rt Se ate ee |’. Aree gt OE RA” wir contr ail Bh X, C, 2 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Rubiaceae, II 143 HYDNOPHYTUM MINDORENSE sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus, glaber, circiter 1.5 m altus, ramis ramu- lisque teretibus; foliis coriaceis, ellipticis ad ovato-ellipticis, usque ad 8 cm longis, apice late rotundatis, basi acutis, in sic- citate nitidis, purpureo-brunneis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5; flori- bus, axillaribus, fasciculatis, 5.5 mm longis. An epiphytic shrub about 1.5 m high, the swollen base about 40 cm in diameter. Branches stout, terete, grayish, and even the branchlets woody, the latter about 3 cm in diameter, often somewhat compressed, their internodes 2.5 to 6 cm long. Leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, shining, 5 to 8 cm long, 3 to 4.5 em wide, the apex broadly rounded, the base acute, when dry somewhat purplish-brown, the lower surface paler than upper and more tinged with purple; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, slender, rather distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete; petioles very stout, 2.5 to 4 mm long. Flowers white, axillary, fascicled, sessile, about 5.5 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, about 1.5 mm long and wide. Co- rolla-tube 3 mm long, slender, the lobes 4, oblong, obtuse, 2.5 mm long, the throat villous. Anthers 1 mm long. Style 3.5 mm long, the arms spreading, 0.5 mm long. Fruit ovoid, red, — fleshy, about 7 mm long. Minporo, Alag River, Merrill 6182, November, 1906, on trees along the river at an altitude of about 100 meters, previously referred to Hydno- phytum formicarium Jack. Apparently very closely allied to Hydnophytum formicarium Jack, but with elongated branches, somewhat smaller flowers, and somewhat differ- ently shaped leaves which are distinctly tinged with purple in drying. HYDNOPHYTUM MEMBRANACEUM sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus, glaber, circiter 1 m altus; foliis membran- aceis, in siccitate nitidis, olivaceis vel subpurpureo-olivaceis, oblongo-obovatis ad late elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, obtusis vel rotundatis, basi angustatis, acutis, nervis utrinque 5 ad 7, tenuibus; floribus axillaribus, paucis, circiter 2 mm longis. An epiphytic glabrous shrub about 1 m high, the base about 15 cm in diameter. Branches apparently terete, smooth, more or less compressed when dry, shining, pale grayish-brown, when fresh apparently somewhat fleshy, the ultimate branchlets slen- der, about 2 mm thick, their internodes up to 3.5 cm long. Leaves membranaceous, when dry puncticulate but not wrinkled, shining, olivaceous, often tinged with purple, oblong-obovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, 5 to 9 cm long, 2 to 6 cm wide, the apex broadly rounded or obtuse, narrowed below to the acute base; 144 The Philippine Journal of Science lateral nerves slender, distinct, 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations very lax, indistinct or sometimes obsolete; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers few, axillary, fascicled, ses- sile, 2 to 2.6 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, truncate. Corolla 2 mm long, split one-half to two-thirds to the base into 4, narrowly ovate, obtuse lobes, the throat vil- lous inside. Anthers 0.8 mm long. Fruit coral-red, fleshy, ovoid, about 6 mm long, the pyrenes oblong, 4 mm long. MinpoRO, Camantigue, For. Bur. 3720 Merritt, March 22, 1906, on trees in mangrove swamps. A species well characterized by its very thin, oblong-obovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, slenderly nerved leaves, and its very short flowers. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vol. X, No. 2, March, 1915. NOTES ON BORNEAN FERNS By E. B. COPELAND (From the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Bajos, P. I.) ONE PLATE A native collector has been employed by the Philippine Bureau of Science, through the agency of the Sarawak Museum, during the past two years. Among many other Bornean plants received from this source are the ferns which are the subject of most of the following notes. Numbers which are cited without the name of the collector refer to the Sarawak material secured by this native collector. ANGIOPTERIS BROOKSII Copel. (Plate I.) Professor Campbell of Stanford University, while visiting Sarawak in 1918, collected on Mount Matang simply pinnate and very sparsely bipin- nate fronds, all in full fruit, which can be identified positively as Angiopteris Brooksii Copel. This seems to be by far the commonest Angiopteris of western Sarawak. Photographs of these ferns are shown in the accom- panying Plate I. As the plate shows, the frond, when simply pinnate, has an articulation at the upper end of the stipe. It would therefore be tech- nically more correct to regard this as a bipinnate frond with one pinna. The less divided the fronds are, and the smaller the frond as a whole, the larger are the individual pinnules. The first impression made by these specimens is that they may serve to connect the ordinary Angiopteris, with large fronds and small pinnules, with Macroglossum. However, I doubt that they are of much value in this respect. The sori seem to be typically those of Angiopteris Brooksii. The fronds of young plants of various species of Angiopteris are likely to be very divergent from the usual Angiopteris type. The first fronds formed are always simple. Angiop- teris angustifolia, the common species of central Luzon, sometimes has fronds up to half a meter or more in length, which suggest those of Marattia more than they do those which the same plants produce when more mature. An Angiopteris growing in Hongkong is also notable for the variety of fronds produced by plants of about the same size. HYMENOPHYLLUM SABINIFOLIUM Hooker. No. 981, without locality. This occurs also in the Philippines, as well as in Java and Sumatra. HYMENOPHYLLUM SEMIFISSUM Copel. sp. nov. Rhizomate gracillimo, late repente, minute et sparse 5 Blloso: stipitibus remotis, 1-3 cm altis, filiformibus, haud alatis, rach- ique sub lente minute et sparse pilosis sub oculo nudo glabris; 145 reo 146 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 fronde 6-8 cm alta, ovata, bi-tri-pinnatifida, rhachi sursum an- guste alata, lamina fusca, glabra, venis tamen glabris atris: pinnis oblongis majoribus bipinnatifidis cum laciniis paucis; laciniis usque ad 6 mm longis, ca. 0.8 mm latis, integris, apice plerumque obtusis rarius emarginatis; soro aut laciniam primam acroscopicam aut ramum distalem eadem terminante, involucro medio immerso medio fisso, labiis 1 mm longis, 0.7 mm latis, subacutis, integris, receptaculo nigro longo. Mount Merinjak, No. 2607 (type); Mount Trekan, alt 600 m, Charles Hose 738, July, 1905. The. plants of the Hose collection are slightly the larger. Ausacenny a quite distinct species, recognizable by its limited branching, minute hairiness on the main axes, and narrow indusium divided not more than half-way down. By definition it would as well be a Trichomanes, but the color, the texture, and the hairs all show its real relationship. TRICHOMANES MICROLIRION Copel. sp. nov. Rhizomate filiforme late repente, pilis nigris brevibus dense vestito; stipitibus gracilibus, supra pedes glabris, 5-15 mm altis, teretibus, haud alatis; fronde ovata, 4-6 m alta, rhachi exalata; pinnis infimis stipitatis stipitibus brevibus exalatis, medialibus maximis, oblongis, obtusis, ad alam angustam costae usque ad rachin decurrentem pinnatisectis, segmentis iterumque in seg- menta ultima 2-5 lineari-oblonga vel linearia 0.6 mm lata pin- natisectis, margine, recta vel subcrispa, vena spuria submargin- ale interrupta; soris apicalibus, aut sparsis, aut paniculatis et alis pinnarum carentibus, anguste obconicis, bilateraliter mar- ginatis, limbo lato et praestante, patente vel revoluto, integro, receptaculo incluso. Tringos, Brooks 172 (type), 1908; ibidem, Brooks 19, 1909; Mount Bongo Brooks & Hewitt. Distinguished by the large, entire limb of the involucre and the naked rachis. The involucres of fully fruiting specimens form an inflorescence in which no green lamina is’ present. DRYOPTERIS HOSEI (Baker) C. Chr. No. 2577, Retuh. I have this also from Bidi, along the river, collected by Brooks. There are exceedingly small but very persistent indusia which are dark- brown and slightly hairy. This fern illustrates anew the futility (and worse) of maintaining such “genera” as Menisciuwm and Phegopteris, to both of which it has been assigned. TECTARIA LOBBII (Hooker) Copel. Aspidium Lobbii Hooker. Sp. Fil. 4 (1862) 59, t. 282. No. 2589, Retuh. I have it also from Bidi and it is reported from several localities. Contrary to Hooker’s diagnosis, free veins are present; and, indeed, his plate shows some of them. 6 i i Els Sk She — ea Sil ia * i 4 xG2 ; Review 157 nobody can define, or Loxogramme as a whole is a valid genus. Currania has been treated in substantially the sarae manner. In Alsophila and Diplazium, there are fourteen new names for species which I have described as Cyathea and Athyrium. When the thorough revision takes place, Alsophila and Dipla- zium will probably disappear, and these fourteen names will survive as useless synonyms. However, if Christensen had not published these names, some one else would have done so. Even after the most thorough revision, there will doubtless remain botanists who will publish new names, and perhaps still some who will publish two or three names at a time for the same species, even if they know that their names cannot be, and ought _ not to be, generally adopted. E. B. C. B20 i Sis > Bi THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BOTANY VoL. X MAY, 1915 No. 3 THE PRESENT STATUS OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES By E. D. MERRILL * (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) ONE MAP The Philippine Archipelago presents a wonderfully rich flora, although one which at the present time is very imperfectly known in spite of the great amount of work that has been accomplished in the past thirteen years. Just how much re- mains to be done is perhaps fully realized only by those botanists most closely in touch with the situation. While the Archipelago is probably better known botanically than any other single part of the Malayan region, with the exception of Java, Singapore, Penang, and perhaps some parts of the Malay Peninsula, the very fact that current collections continue to present a high percentage of new forms is conclusive evidence that our present knowledge of the flora is very imperfect. In general, botanists working in temperate regions have very little conception of the immense richness of a tropical flora like that of the Ma- layan region. Many years of intensive botanical exploration are necessary before the flora of any single island, other than very small ones, can be thoroughly known. Compared with the greater part of the Malayan Archipelago, the flora of the Philippines is decidedly well known, and many of the islands, comparatively speaking, are well explored. Java is the only large island in the entire Malayan region of which the flora 1 Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 182966 159 160 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 is approximately known, and yet much still remains to be done there. The floras of the great islands of Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, and Celebes, and of the numerous smaller islands that make up the Malayan Archipelago, comparatively speaking, are little known, yet enough is known to indicate that each island has an enormously rich and complex flora, and that each island, large and small, has from a small to a high percentage of endemism. The Malayan region, from the Peninsula to New Guinea, when thoroughly explored botanically, will present one of the richest floras, if not the richest flora of any region in the world, in families, in genera, and in species. I confidently expect that in the spermatophytes and pteridophytes alone the flora will be found to exceed 30,000 and will perhaps approxi- mate 40,000 species. The Philippines are but a small part of the immense area covered by the Malayan Archipelago, yet the Philippine flora, when only fairly well known from present and future exploration, will certainly exceed 10,000 species of spermatophytes and pteridophytes. More than 40 per cent of the species already known from the Archipelago are endemic. There is no reason to consider that the Philippine flora is richer than that of any other part of the great area covered by the Malay Archipelago, and even if endemism is considerably lower in other islands and groups of islands than in the Philippines, some idea may be had of the immense number of species that are to be expected in the region extending from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra to New Guinea. If by the term botanically well explored we mean botanically well known in the sense that most of Europe and the eastern part of the United States is known botanically, then no single area of any appreciable size in the entire Philippine group, and for that matter in the entire Malayan Archipelago, can be considered as exhaustively botanized. In the entire Malayan region but three comparatively small areas can be considered well known botanically, and these are the Island of Singapore, that part of Java about Batavia and Buitenzorg, and that part of Luzon about Manila. The last, being naturally more familiar to me, will be briefly discussed simply to show what still re- mains to be done. In preparing my Flora of Manila,? an area covering approximately 100 square kilometers in the vicinity of the city was selected as the limits of the region to be covered. In this work 1,007 species are considered, all that were known * Merrill, E. D., A Flora of Manila (1912) 1-490. " nS ae eee See, x68 Merrill: Botanical Exploration of the Philippines 161 from the area up to the latter part of the year 1912. Since the publication of this work no attempt has been made to con- tinue botanical exploration in the vicinity of Manila, yet casual collecting and observation in the past two years have added to the forms enumerated in the Flora of Manila representatives of three families, thirteen genera, and twenty-three species. It is absolutely certain that any continued intensive exploration of the area would add some scores of species to the list of those known from the vicinity of Manila, and yet the Flora of Manila was based on the collections accumulated during a period of ten years, with more than one year of systematic and intensive exploration of the area. What is true of Manila is undoubtedly true of the few other parts of the Malayan region that are well known botanically. In the Philippines those regions that may be considered to be fairly, but not exhaustively, botanically explored are small in area and few in number. Under this head, in addition to the region about the city of Manila extending some miles in- land to the east of Antipolo, we may also include a portion of the eastern slope of Mount Mariveles in Bataan Province, Lu- zon, and just across the bay from Manila; the region about the ‘College of Agriculture at Los Bafios, Laguna Province, Luzon; the region about Baguio, Benguet Subprovince, Luzon; and perhaps also the region about Bauco, Bontoc Subprovince, Luzon, and Mount Apo, District of Davao, Mindanao. These are the only areas in the Philippines where botanical explora- tion has been intensive and fairly continuous in all or most months of the year. A point to be considered, in the botanical exploration of densely forested mountains in the Philippines, is that even on those mountains which have been visited by many botanists and collectors, such as Mounts Mariveles, Santo Tomas (Tonglon), Maquiling, Arayat, and Banajao, botanical exploration has been confined to very narrow strips from the base to the summit; sometimes to a single strip as on Santo Tomas, sometimes to several strips as on Mount Banajao. Other mountains, such as Mounts Halcon, Pinatubo, Data, Ugo, Pulog, Polis, Mayon, Iraga, Isarog, Malindang, Canlaon, Pulgar, Victoria, and Ca- poas, are known botanically from collections made by single or few collectors on hurried trips. In many cases our knowl- edge of the flora of certain mountains is based on material collected on single trips, and the area actually explored would at most average a few meters in width. The richest flora is not found on the lower slopes or the exposed peaks and ridges, 162 ! The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 but on the broad slopes and in narrow ravines at intermediate points. Depending on the prevailing winds, exposure, rainfall, etc., the flora of one side of a mountain may be decidedly distinct from that of the opposite side, in some cases very radically different. Manifestly then, no single mountain in the Philip- pines can be considered botanically thoroughly explored, al- though some of them, such as Banajao, Mariveles, Santo Tomas, and Maquiling, have been ascended by very numerous collectors and botanists; in most cases only single slopes have been ex- plored. No complete summary of the Philippine flora has been pub- lished that is at all reliable. F.-Villar and Naves* admitted 4,479 species of flowering plants and ferns, but nearly 2,000 of the admitted species do not occur in the Philippines. Up to the close of the last century but a few more than 2,500 species were definitely known from the Philippines. A rather careful estimate made by me in the early part of the year 1909, considering only those forms that had been determined to the species, gave a total of 5,678. The great amount of work that has been accomplished during the past few years has vastly increased this list of known species, and my present estimate is somewhat over 7,000. It is confidently expected that when the Philippine flora is merely fairly well known the total number of species, excluding the cellular cryptogams, will be found to exceed 10,000. It is clear, also, that most of the future additions to our knowledge of the flora will be in the nature of new species, rather than in the discovery in the Archipelago of species already described from extra-Philippine specimens. Our present knowledge of the Philippine flora is to a large degree based on the botanical collections assembled by the Bu- reau of Science. This herbarium now exceeds 150,000 mounted specimens, of which over 90,000 are Philippine. Accessions have been so numerous at times that it has been impossible, with our limited force, properly to study all the material re- ceived, and the result is that very many manifestly undescribed forms are represented in the collections by from one to several specimens that must be considered at a later date when there is opportunity to study the material or to revise various groups. The collections comprise not only the flowering plants and ferns, but also a very extensive series of fungi, mosses, scale mosses, and lichens. In exchanges a most liberal policy was adopted, and in the past thirteen years more than 240,000 duplicates * Novis. App. Fl. Filip. 4* (1880-83) 1-375. x,¢3 Merrill: Botanical Exploration of the Philippines 163 have been sent to botanical institutions and botanists in Europe, America, Asia, and Australia. Most of our extra-Philippine material has been received in exchange for duplicates of Philip- pine plants. At the present time botanical exploration of the Archipelago has progressed sufficiently to enable us to distinguish between those areas presenting little of botanical interest and those of special botanical interest. In general, little of special in- terest is to be expected in the costal vegetation, in the settled areas and in the open grass country at low and medium alti- tudes, and in the second-growth forest. All regions at high altitudes, except a very few well-explored mountains, no matter what the type of vegetation, and likewise most regions at me- dium altitudes will be found to present much of special interest, while virgin forest, no matter what its location, will always be found to yield a high percentage of novelties. Whitford ‘ has estimated that approximately one-third of the total land area of the Philippines is now covered with virgin forest, one-sixth by second-growth forest, 40 per cent is grass- land, and 10 per cent is cultivated land. He has argued that all types of vegetation found in the Philippines to-day, outside of the virgin forest, owe their character to the presence of man, and I have considered more at length and tried to confirm this same proposition.® If our contention be correct, then two-thirds of the total land area of the Philippines to-day presents types of vegetation directly or indirectly influenced by the presence of man. The botanical distribution of the characteristic species of the various types of vegetation bears out the theory or conten- tion. Two-thirds of the land area of the Philippines, namely, the settled areas, the open grassland, and the second-growth forests, have a flora remarkable for the high percentage of widely distributed species, and equally remarkable for the low percent- age of endemic species. On the other hand, the virgin forest presents a very high percentage of endemism and a low percent- age of species extending outside of the Archipelago. The in- ference is that most of the species in the settled areas have been purposely, accidentally, or some undoubtedly naturally introduced into the Philippines within very recent times—that is, since the advent of man in the Archipelago—and that the virgin forest represents the original vegetation of the Archipelago as un- altered by the presence of man. The virgin forest invariably ‘Bull. Forest. Bureau (Philip.) 10* (1911) 12. *This Journal 7 (1912) Bot. 145-208. 164 ‘The Philippine Journal of Science il contains much of special interest from a botanical standpoint, while vegetation of the settled areas consists chiefly of widely distributed and well-known species. The Philippine flora, as a whole, is rather remarkable for its relatively high percentage of endemism. Somewhat over 40 per cent of all the species known from the Archipelago are confined to the group. However, this high percentage of endemism is found in the forested areas, not in the settled regions, the country covered with open grassland, or in the second-growth forest. The flora of the vicinity of Manila, a region presenting the characteristic vegetation of the settled areas at low altitudes, and a region where the original vegetation has been entirely destroyed, may be taken as fairly representative of the entire open country and settled areas at low altitudes in the Philippines. Most of the species found in and about Manila are of wide dis- tribution in the Philippines in similar habitats, while in most settled areas in the Philippines at low altitudes there are but few species not found in or about Manila. The endemism of the Manila flora does not exceed 12 per cent. In the virgin forest the percentage of endemism approximates 60 per cent, and in some regions is probably higher than this. Over 80 per cent of the species found in and about Manila, a region characterized by the entire absence of any type of vegetation approaching virgin forest, extend to tropical Asia and the Malay Archipelago, and are likewise widely distributed throughout the Philippines. It is manifest, then, that all collectors should avoid intensive ex- ploration of the settled areas, the open grassland, the costal regions, the cultivated areas, and to a large degree the regions covered with second-growth forest, and should devote as much time as possible to the vegetation of the virgin forest and to that of higher altitudes. In considering the question of botanical exploration in the Phil- ippines, it may be said that a few months of intensive work will in no case yield a complete representation of all the species found in a certain area. The reason is that, like most all tropical countries, the Philippines present, as to anthesis, a continuous sequence of species in all months of the year. Hence, thoroughly to explore any given area the collection of botanical material must be intensive and must be prosecuted in all months of the year. Even then, especially in the densely forested regions, it is physically impossible to locate all the different species, and the discovery of a certain form in flower or in fruit is frequently merely a matter of chance. The great size of the trees, the x,c,3 Merrill: Botanical Exploration of the Philippines 165 density of the very complex vegetation, the abundance of vines, and the frequent occurrence of epiphytes in great quantities, especially above 600 meters altitude, all add to the difficulty of making an exhaustive collection or a collection that shall contain representatives of all the species found in a given area. Again one must take into consideration that a considerable number of species are irregular as to periods of anthesis, and may flower but once in several years, as many of the bamboos, or, like the buri palm (Corypha), but once in the life of the plant, which may be twenty-five years or more. While the period of anthesis of some species may extend over several days or weeks, other plants produce very ephemeral flowers, and such species may be entirely overlooked in a botanical survey of a given region unless the collector is so fortunate as to locate the species during its short period of anthesis. In general, any collector should endeavor to secure a represen- tative of all the species found in flower or fruit in the region in which he is working. However, it is well to make a distinction in regard to the regions to be first explored. In view of the data given above it is manifest that little of botanical interest will be found along the seashore, or anywhere at low altitudes in the Archipelago where the vegetation has been much disturbed by man; that is, the cultivated areas, waste places in and about towns, the open grassland, and the so-called parang, those areas covered with thickets and second-growth trees. Most of the species found in such regions are common, widely distributed, and thoroughly well known. The collector should give his most serious attention to the virgin forest and to the various types of vegetation found at and above an altitude of about 600 meters, for it is only in the virgin forest, or at medium and higher altitudes, that he can expect to find any high percentage of novelties, or species of special botanical interest. Immense areas occur in the Philippines from which not a single botanical specimen has been secured. For those regions at low altitudes that are for the most part deforested, botanical explora- tion would be of little value, for the reasons already given. Thus, large parts of the Provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Pampanga, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Tayabas, Cavite, Camarines, Albay, and Sorsogon in Luzon, and like areas on the Islands of Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate, Catanduanes, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, and parts of Mindanao and Palawan will not repay botanical exploration; yet in every province and island mentioned where virgin forest exists, whether at low, 166 The Philippine. Journal of Science 1915 medium, or higher altitudes, undescribed forms will continue to be found in large or fairly large numbers, for many years to come. The number of undescribed forms that are appearing in current collections is surprisingly great. Individual collections still con- tinue to be received in which new species comprise from 10 to 20, or in some cases, even 25 per cent. Very many years of work are necessary before we shall know even approximately the total number of species growing in the Philippines. Most botanists do not realize the urgent need of an early and intensive botanical exploration of countries like the Philippines, especially those areas now covered by virgin forest. With the rapid increase in population immense areas of virgin forest are annually being destroyed in the Malay Archipelago, and with this destruction of the original vegetation very many species are rapidly being exterminated. Within the memory of men now living the virgin forest has been destroyed over very large parts of eastern Negros to prepare the land for the cultivation of sugar cane. Only a few decades ago virgin forest occurred at or near the coast of eastern Negros, but now the cleared areas extend inland for at least 20 miles. When Blanco was writing his Flora de Filipinas, some time previous to the year 1837, it is evident that that forest extended very close to what is now the town of Angat where Blanco then resided; at the present time one must journey for many hours from Angat before reaching any type of vegetation that approaches the virgin forest in character. In our recent attempt to explore Amboina, with a view to re- collecting in their original habitats the species figured and described by Rumphius, the late Dr. C. B. Robinson found it quite impossible to locate a single tree of many of the species considered by Rumphius, as much of the original vegetation of Amboina had been destroyed since the time of Rumphius. Like- wise the greater part of the island of Java, below an altitude of about 1,000 meters, has been entirely denuded of its original vegetation. As other islands become more densely populated the destruction of the original vegetation is accelerated. It is quite impossible to estimate how many species of plants have been exterminated by the destruction of the original vegetation over vast areas in the Malayan region, but the number is undoubtedly great. The factors causing this destruction of the virgin forest are more active to-day than at any time in the past, and very many species characteristic of the Malayan flora must be col- lected in the near future or not at all. The destruction of the Ot Fe) Sea x,.c3 Merrill: Botanical Exploration of the Philippines 167 original vegetation of the island of St. Helena is a classical example that is known to most botanists, yet few botanists realize that the vegetation of immense areas in the Indo-Malayan region is now being destroyed or altered by much the same factors that were active in St. Helena. In preparing the accompanying map, which is intended as a graphic representation of the present status of botanical explora- tion in the Philippines, the round dots indicate those areas from which only casual collections have been received; that is, collec- tions made during hurried trips through the country, during stops of from a few hours to a few days in any particular place. Naturally collections made under such circumstances are far from exhaustive. In very many cases a dot indicates merely a small collection secured in a few hours’ time; very many of these areas are in the coastal region or in the settled areas. The parallel lines represent those areas in which intensive collection has been carried on for one month or more, but not during all months of the year; such areas, generally speaking, can be con- sidered fairly well known botanically. The few areas indicated by crosslines are those regions where botanical exploration has been fairly intensive, and where collections have been made during all months of the year, and these few areas are the only parts of the Philippines that can be considered as botanically well known. 169 ion. 3 i 3 i iy 2 : - t expl Z © a Eu 5 io) 3 PuaTeE I. Map of the Philippine Hy Geiain Pe ; BAe ed ana as A gs oe aed ul bara 8, : a ie THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. VoL. X, No. 38, May, 1915. GENERA AND SPECIES ERRONEOUSLY CREDITED TO THE PHILIPPINE FLORA By E. D. MERRILL * (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The species of flowering plants and vascular cryptogams definitely known from the Philippines to-day number somewhat over 7,000. As botanical exploration progresses, it is found that entirely new forms, or species previously described from extra- Philippine material, are constantly appearing in current collec- tions, often in surprisingly large numbers. In spite of the great amount of work that has been accomplished on the flora of the Philippines, collections from little known parts of the Archipelago frequently present from 15 to 20 per cent of species as yet un- described or at least of forms new to the Philippines. It is confidently expected that the flora of the Archipelago, when fairly completly known, will exceed 10,000 species. While new forms are still common in current collections, our exploration of the Archipelago has now progressed to such a point that we have a practically complete representation of those forms that are of wide distribution at low altitudes in the Phil- ippines; and we are now in a position to consider numerous species that have, from one cause or another, been erroneously credited to the Philippines by various authors. It is very doubtful if any single area of similar size anywhere has had erroneously accredited to it so many species of plants as have been enumerated as Philippine, but which do not occur in the Archipelago. The sources of error in crediting extra- Philippine species to the Archipelago are several; and. it is practically impossible to-day absolutely to eliminate all such sources of error in our current investigations. As our modern work is carried on with access to a fairly complete botanical library and a large collection of both Philippine and extra-Phil- ippine botanical specimens, the chief source of error—that is, inaccurate identifications due to the misinterpretation of descrip- tions—has to a large degree been eliminated. ‘Some species un- * Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 171 172 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 doubtedly continue to be erroneously credited to the local flora in our current work. It is only with the publication of com- prehensive monographs that questions of synonymy and the limits of species can satisfactorily be settled, and unfortunately some monographs, even very modern ones, are exceedingly unsatis- factory in both respects. It should constantly be kept in mind that the local botanists in the Spanish régime did their work under very unfavorable conditions, having but few botanical books, and up to the time of Sebastian Vidal, practically no botanical collections. Manila, previous to the year 1883, was entirely isolated from other bo- tanical centers, and the local botanists, with the exception of Llanos, had no correspondence or intercourse with their col- leagues working in Europe and in other countries. While inaccurate identifications account for the great bulk of the species that have in the past been erroneously credited to the Philippines in botanical literature, a considerable number have been admitted due to inaccurate or misleading labels on her- barium material, or through the accidental mixing of labels and specimens. It is unfortunate that most of the early investigations on the Philippine flora was accomplished by local botanists working in Manila, a city, at least up to a recent period, isolated from other botanical centers. It is equally unfortunate that the local Spanish botanists, with the exception of Llanos and Vidal, sent no botanical specimens to Europe, and preserved no herbarium material. The result is that somewhat over 1,200 species, ac- tually described by Blanco, Llanos, and Fernandez-Villar, must be interpreted by the published descriptions alone, no type ma- terial being extant. As a general rule botanists working in European centers, having access to dried material only, and with no knowledge of actual floristic conditions in the Philippines, with no notes on size, habit, habitat, relative abundance, distribution, and native names of plants, have been unable satisfactorily to interpret many of the species described by local botanists working in Manila. To a still greater degree local botanists, working in Manila from descriptions alone, or from descriptions and figures, were not able properly to interpret the species described by European botanists. The general result of the methods pursued by the local inves- tigators of the Philippine flora, previous to the year 1883, was that numerous Philippine plants were referred to species, de- scribed from extra-Philippine material, which really do not extend to the Archipelago. Just how badly Philippine botany is bur- X,C, 3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 173 dened with these numerous names is not evident to the casual investigator of the Philippine flora, but a recent consideration of the subject has shown that from this one source alone—mis- takes in identification—more than 2,400 species have been ac- credited to the Philippines which do not occur in the Archipelago. Previous to the year 1883 practically all work accomplished by local botanists was done with little or no correspondence with European botanists, with no comparisons of Philippine material with types preserved in European herbaria, with no preparation or preservation of herbarium material, and with very limited library facilities. Llanos was the only local botanist, before the arrival of Vidal, who preserved botanical material, who sent any specimens to Europe for comparison or for identification, or who corresponded with European botanists. Under these cir- cumstances it is not strange that Blanco, Naves, Fernandez- Villar, and even Llanos, to whom we are indebted for most of the species erroneously credited to the Philippines, committed numerous errors in identifying and reporting their botanical material. Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas *’ was prepared under peculiar circumstances. The work was written in the Philippines, and the three editions were published in Manila. Blanco died in 1845, and of course had no part in the preparation of the third edition. The preparation of the manuscript of the first edition extended over many years, and the work was intermittent, as we learn from the author’s own statement in the preface. Blanco complains that it was rare that residents of the Archi- pelago took any interest in botany, and that many looked on the subject with disdain. He closes with the following statement: “Mil veces me he fastidiado por esto mismo, y se han pasado ajios enteros sin dar una plumada en la Flora.” According to Blanco’s own statement, he commenced his investigations of the Philippine flora with but a single botanical publication, the “Systema Vege- tabilium” of Linnaeus. Later he secured other works of Lin- naeus, and at a still later date, Jussieu’s “Genera Plantarum,” and some other botanical works, the authors and titles of which are not mentioned by him. Between the publication of the first and second editions of his “Flora de Filipinas” it is probable that Blanco acquired the earlier volumes of DeCandolle’s “‘Pro- dromus,” this work being cited in the text although not mentioned in the introduction. *Ed. 1 (1887) LXXVIII+ 1-857; ed. 2 (1845) LVII+1-619; ed. 8, 1-4 (1877-83). 174 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Blanco described most of his species from fresh material, and but few from dried specimens that were transmitted to him by various correspondents. His field was exceedingly limited, most of his material being from the provinces near Manila: Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bataan, Pampanga, and Bulacan. A few were from other provinces in Luzon, such as La Union, Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, Cagayan, and Camarines, and still fewer from other islands, including Mindoro, Cebu, and Marinduque. His personal knowledge of the vegetation of the Philippines was practically limited to that of the settled areas, at low altitudes, in and about the towns, and most of the species described by him are not from the forested areas. Most of the species con- sidered are of wide distribution in the Philippines, and a very high percentage equally common in the Indo-Malayan regions. While Blanco described some species from the primeval forest, such species are relatively not numerous, and with two or three exceptions are all from the lower altitudes. In no case did he describe species from the.-higher mountains. In several instances he described species without having seen specimens, basing his descriptions upon statements of individuals who claimed to have seen the plants in question. Undoubtedly most of the species described from the settled areas were collected by Blanco himself, but it is very evident that he had little personal knowledge of the forested regions, and that he personally collected but little material from such regions. A clear idea of his methods of securing material from the forests is given by the following quotation from the first edition of his work, under Quercus cerris (p. 728): “Es cosa verdaderamente lamentable para los amantes del estudio de la naturaleza, el que ni ruegos, ni suplicas, ni el dinero sean sufi- cientes para tomar conocimiento de estas preciosidades de los bosques filipinos.” Blanco and his immediate successors had no conception of the question of geographic distribution of plants; and without some knowledge of this phase of botany, with no herbarium (for there is no internal evidence in his work that Blanco preserved even temporarily any botanical specimens?’ of the plants that he de- scribed), with no extra-Philippine botanical material for com- * Botanical material preserved in the herbarium of the Botanical Garden at Madrid, credited to Blanco by Colmeiro (Bosquejo Hist. Jard. Madrid 88), and by A. DeCandolle [La Phytographie (1880) 395], has been shown by Vidal [Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 14] not to have been collected or transmitted by Blanco. X, 6,3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 175 parison, with no corrrespondence with contemporaneous Euro- pean botanists, with but a very few botanical books, and with no botanical training other than that he secured through his own efforts and his interest in the science, it is no wonder that he made many errors in identification. It is distinctly to Blanco’s credit that he was correct in his identifications, generic and specific, in so many cases. Whatever criticisms may be levelled at Blanco’s work, he must be credited with intense interest in botany, with great energy, with distinct ability, and with perseverance. It must also be kept in mind that the whole “Flora de Filipinas” is his work, and that nearly every state- ment included in it was the result of his own personal observa- tions. In the first two editions of the “Flora de Filipinas’ Blanco considered a total of about 1,127 species and varieties, of which about 623 were intended as new species. In numerous cases species proposed as new in the first edition were reduced to older ones in the second edition, the reduction being sometimes correct and sometimes wrong; in other cases species interpreted in the first edition as those of other authors were described as new species in the second edition. In the two editions a total of approximately 450 species were intended to represent forms previously described by other authors, but in interpreting these . Blanco was correct in but 150 cases, and wrong in about 300 cases, the errors in interpretation approximating 66 per cent. Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas” is the first great source of error in accrediting to the Philippines species that do not occur in the Archipelago. The total number added by him is approx- imately 300, but most of these have already been satisfactorily reduced to their proper places by interpretation of Blanco’s descriptions; a few remain, the status of which is still doubtful. Blanco’s immediate successor was Father A. Llanos, who at- tempted, with little success, to carry on the botanical work inaugurated by his more illustrious predecessor. From a stand- point of accuracy Llanos’s work suffers greatly by comparison with that of Blanco, and the species he described—fortunately not very numerous—are as a rule more obscure than are those proposed by Blanco. His chief work was published in 1851, entitled ““Fragmentos de algunas plantas de Filipinas,” pp. 1-125, which, like Blaneo’s work, was printed in Manila. This work was supplemented by several shorter and less important papers published in various scientific periodicals in Europe. Llanos not only described new genera and species in his papers, but 182966 2 176 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 referred numerous Philippine plants to forms previously de- scribed by other authors from extra-Philippine material, and thus reduced a considerable number of Blanco’s species. In nearly all cases, however, his new genera and species are invalid, his interpretations of most of the species of older authors enu- merated by him are wrong, and his reduction of Blanco’s species equally erroneous. The result of Llanos’s work was to add numerous synonyms to Philippine species, and to credit to the Archipelago numerous extra-Philippine species that do not extend to the Islands. Fernandez-Villar and Naves have conveniently reprinted all of Llanos’s botanical contributions, and this reprint comprises the first part of volume four of the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas” (1880) XVIII+1-108. From an examination of this compilation it is evident that Llanos considered a total of 265 species, of which, however, only about 100 are accom- panied by descriptions. The species that are actually described for the most part can satisfactorily be interpreted and their status can be determined where the descriptions are reasonably com- plete. Llanos added a very few short and imperfect descriptions in the papers published after the ‘“Fragmenta,” but for the most part the species simply enumerated by him do not occur in the Philippines, and they must be excluded in any critical considera- tion of the whole flora. In many cases there is no method of determining just what species Llanos intended his names to represent. In the last paper of the reprint mentioned above Llanos reduces 68 of Blanco’s species, but 55 of the 68 reductions are certainly erroneous. Blanco, in considering approximately 1,127 species and vari- eties, complicated Philippine botany by crediting to the Archi- pelago about 300 species, by misinterpretation of the descriptions of other authors; while Llanos, in considering 265 species, similarly added to our long list of excluded.species about 155 names. As about 60 species were intended by Llanos to re- present new species, his percentage of error in the interpretation of the species of older authors is decidedly greater than that of Blanco, approximating 75 per cent in contrast to Blanco’s 66 per cent. The most striking example of this phase of Philippine botany— that is, the accrediting to the Archipelago of species that do not extended to the Philippines—is that presented by the ““Novissima Appendix” to the third edition of Blanco’s “Flora de Filipinas,” for which Fathers C. Fernandez-Villar and A. Naves are re- x,C,3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 177 sponsible. If we take into consideration the comparatively recent date at which this work was prepared (1875-83), it is difficult to explain the great mass of inaccurate data that was compiled by these authors. The errors of Blanco, working between the years 1805 and 1845, and of Llanos, working between the years 1850 and 1873, sink into insignificance when compared with those of the authors of the third edition of Blanco’s work. In spite of the more recent date at which Fernandez-Villar and Naves worked, their errors are caused primarily by the same circumstances that influenced the work of Blanco and of Llanos. These causes were essentially a lack of knowledge of the Indo- Malayan flora; a lack of knowledge of the Philippine flora as a whole, due to insufficient botanical exploration; a lack of botanical material, both Philippine and extra-Philippine; a lack of botanical literature; and an inadequate conception of the principles of the geographic distribution of plants. Apparently neither author corresponded with European botanists, and they certainly sent no botanical material to Europe for identification or for comparison with types preserved in various public and private herbaria. In the introduction to the “Novissima Appendix” the authors state that neither claims to be a botanist, that they had no access to herbaria nor to botanical books other than thirteen important works enumerated by them and others of less importance not cited by title. They admitted that they had no botanical ma- terial from the collections of any of the earlier Philippine ex- plorers and collectors, and claimed that nobody, up to that date, had been able to preserve herbarium material against the attact of insects and the deteriorating effect of the humid climate of Manila. The work, then, was nominally based on an examination of fresh material, and no attempt was made to preserve her- barium material other than of those plants that could be secured only with difficulty, or of those that were especially essential to their work. No botanical material, on which this enumeration was primarily based, is extant, and the enumeration is trust- worthy only in so far as its records are based on previously published references to Philippine plants in the works of various European botanists. “The “Novissima Appendix” is a mere compilation, excellent from a bibliographical standpoint, but utterly untrustworthy as an enumeration of Philippine plants. A total of 4,479 species were admitted, distributed into 1,223 genera and 155 families. Of these at least 1 family and about 116 genera have no known 178 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 representatives in the Archipelago, and about 1,948 species do not occur in the Philippines, or at least have not been found here in spite of the vast amount of botanical work that has been accomplished on the Philippine flora in the past thirty years. All reductions of Blanco’s species, made by Fernandez-Villar and Naves, must be considered with great caution; for, while most of the reductions are correct as to the genus, they are very frequently incorrect as to the species. In most cases an admitted species is followed by the indication that the authors had seen living specimens, usually with an indication of the island, province, and town in which the plant was alleged to have been seen, and frequently with the citation of native names. Some admissions are based on actual herba- rium specimens from the collections of Vidal, but where these have been checked on Vidal’s specimens, the identifications are usually found to be wrong. It seems to be apparent that the authors in compiling the “Novissima Appendix” took the stand- ard books that were available to them, various monographs, Miquel’s “Florae Indiae Batavae,’”’ Hooker’s “Flora of British India,” so far as published, etc., and from an examination of the descriptions, credited to the Philippines those species they thought ought to grow in the Archipelago. In almost no case is a reduction of Blanco’s species queried, nor is a specific iden- tification qualified by the addition of a question mark. The result of the publication of the “Novissima Appendix” was the accrediting to the Philippines of no less than 1,950 species that do not occur in the Archipelago. Naturally the authors were correct in admitting very many widely distributed Indo-Malayan species as Philippine, as between 75 and 80 per cent of the species found in the settled areas of the Archipelago extend to the Malayan Archipelago and to tropical Asia. On the other hand, however, the authors of the ““Novissima Appen- dix” were quite unaware of the high percentage of endemism of the Philippine flora taken as a whole. This endemism aver- ages somewhat over 40 per cent for the entire flora, and for the areas still covered with virgin forests perhaps over 60 per cent. In referring Philippine sylvan species to extra-Philippine forms, Fernandez-Villar and Naves were usually wrong. The -“Novissima Appendix” cannot be considered in any respect a reliable compilation or one that presents any correct conception of the constituents of the Philippine flora as the flora was known in 1883. : The following table shows the approximate number of extra- X,C, 3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 179 Philippine species that were erroneously credited to the Philip- pines by the Spanish botanists working in Manila. Approxi- Error in mate Erro- inter- number | neous | preting Author. ‘of species identifi- | species consid- | cations. | of older ered. authors. Per cent. PRIIOD 6 Sac eel as CRE ea ae erates cng Se cndat al oudciece th cubosau 1,127 300 66 BODINE i.) ee eo a ee oe ee 265 155 75 rw TRL ON ICR ec! we ee eee 4,479 1, 958 44 MOWA codactieenasude se oco conns cca Seabee te eee ae aoe eee 5, 871 AE sd aa a OA. | i en ae cae eae. Ns ai Pe Fed Slee ee fer cy Poe nF 61 These four authors have burdened Philippine botanical litera- ture with the names of approximately 2,413 species, originally described from extra-Philippine material, but which have never been found in the Archipelago. There is no reason to believe that any considerable number of them ever will be found here. They were admitted through misconception of species and mis- interpretation of descriptions of species. Those actually de- scribed by Blanco and Llanos, for the most part, can be reduced to their proper places by interpretation of the species from the descriptions; those admitted by Llanos and by Fernandez-Villar and Naves, by simple enumeration and no descriptions, can for the most part never properly be reduced, and must, in the event of a future critical consideration of the Philippine flora, be ig- nored, or merely mentioned as excluded species. No attempt is here made to enumerate these very numerous species that have thus been erroneously credited to the Philippines through mis- interpretation of descriptions. The chief source of error in wrongly admitting extra-Philip- pine species as Philippine has been by misinterpretation of de- scriptions. That this source of error has been a very large factor in the older botanical literature of the Philippines is manifest from the above statements. Not until a few years after the arrival of Sebastian Vidal in the Philippines was the local botan- ical work placed on a logical basis; that is, the actual collection and proper preservation of botanical material, and the com- parison of this material with types and authentically named specimens in European herbaria. Vidal’s plan was formulated in 1882, and his studies in European herbaria were executed in 1883-84. As a result the errors made by Vidal are insignifi- cant and scarcely need consideration. In the very numerous published papers on the Philippine flora issued since 1902, involving over 250 titles, in which nearly all 180 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 the species definitely known from the Philippines have been men- tioned, less than 100 of the species enumerated as Philippine have been shown to have been admitted on erroneous identifica- tions. In our current work corrections are published as errors are detected, and future corrections are to be expected as oppor- tunity is had critically to compare current collections of Philip- pine plants with types and authentically named specimens. Due to the differences in individual opinion as to what constitutes a species, and the well-known difficulties in interpreting species briefly described by the older authors, it is not to be expected that all errors have been eliminated in our recent work on the Philip- pine flora. Errors are now more apt to be on the side of too freely describing new species, than in erroneously referring recently collected Philippine material to Malayan and Asiatic species previously described. A less important source of error is that of wrongly or im- perfectly labelled botanical material in various herbaria. Here may well be considered also those errors due to the inadvertent interchange of labels, such mixtures not being uncommon in large herbaria. The chief Philippine collection in which mixed labels occur is that secured by the naturalists of the Malaspina Ex- pedition, including material collected and prepared by both Haenke and Nee. A number of specimens cited by Cavanilles, Lagasca, and Presl, as Philippine, from Nee’s and Haenke’s collections, certainly never originated in the Archipelago, and the Philippine records are due to erroneously labelled specimens. Most of the species, thus erroneously recorded as Philippine, are described in Cavanilles’s “Icones’” and in Presl’s “Reliquiae Haenkeanae.” The Malaspina Expedition, 1789-1794, proceeded from Spain to the east coast of South America, around Cape Horn, and northward along the coast to a point north of Sitka, Alaska, thence southward to Acapulco. From Acapulco the ships pro- ceeded to Manila via Mulgrave (Milne) Island (Marshall Is- lands) and Guam; from Manila southward to the southern point on New Zealand, thence to Sydney and from Sydney to Callao, Peru, via the Tonga Islands. From Callao the expedition pro- ceeded around Cape Horn to Spain. Botanical collections were made at all, or at most points, where stops were made. Col- meiro*‘ is authority for the statement that the collection of Nee alone comprised over 10,000 species, of which 4,000 were new. ‘La botanica y los botdnicos de la peninsula Hispano-Lusitiana (1858) 182. x,C,3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 181 It is most peculiar that the collections of both botanists con- nected with the Malaspina Expedition, Luis Nee and Thaddeus Haenke, should contain many erroneously labelled specimens. Comparatively few of Nee’s specimens have been cited in botan- ical literature, as the collection has not been available except to a few botanists in Madrid. A very few species were de- scribed by Nee himself, some by Lagasca, and a considerable number by Cavanilles. Haenke’s material, now mostly at Vi- enna, Prague, Berlin, and St. Louis, has been more generally available to botanists than has that of Nee. Among the com- paratively few Philippine or presumed Philippine forms con- sidered by these botanists a relatively high percentage was erroneously accredited to the Archipelago; on the other hand, some forms manifestly originating in the Philippines were accredited to Mexico, California, and to South America. This statement holds true for the collections of both Nee and Haenke. For example, Ophioglossum pendulum Linn. is credited by Cava- nilles ° to South America ‘in Regno Quitensi,”’ but the species does not occur in America, its range being from India to Ma- laya and Polynesia; Nee’s specimen undoubtedly originated in the Philippines or in Guam. Alloteropsis distachya Presl*® “Hab. ad Monte-Rey in California” is Axonopus semialatus Hook f. (Panicum semiatatum R. Br.), which does not occur anywhere in America, but which is abundant in the Philippines, and extends from Africa through tropical Asia and Malaya to tropical Australia; Haenke’s specimen on which the California reference was based was undoubtedly from the Philippines. Polypodium irregulare Presl’ “Hab. in Mexico” is the Philip- pine Tectaria (Aspidium) irregularis Copel., a species that is originated in the Philippines, certainly not in Mexico. Malas- pinaea laurifolia Presl “Habitat in regionibus occidentalibus Mexici” is the Indo-Malayan Aegiceras corniculatum (Linn.) Blanco; Haenke’s specimen certainly never originated in Mexico, but was either from the Philippines or Guam. Just how many more similiar cases there are in Presl’s ‘“‘Reliquiae Haenkeanae”’ can be determined only by a careful study and comparison of his types. It seems, however, that comparatively few Philippine plants were erroneously credited to various parts of America by Presl and by Cavanilles. In contrast, at least 35 species based on *Ic. 6 (1801) 73. * Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 343. 'L. c. 1 (1825) 25, t. 4, f. 8. 182 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 material from various parts of America were indicated as Phil- ippine by Haenke, Cavanilles, and Lagasca; and it is probable that the list will be somewhat extended by a critical study of Presl’s types. A few specimens manifestly originating in Aus- tralia, collections of Nee, have been cited as Philippine, such as Chloris dolichostachya Lag. and perhaps some of Cavanilles’s species of Aristida. Two later collections are noteworthy as being a source of error in Philippine records, that of Hugh Cuming, 1836-40, and the one made by Thomas Lobb. The source of error in Cuming’s collection was that the entire collection was distrib- uted with printed labels bearing the data “Ins. Philippinae 1841,” although between 400 and 500 numbers did not originate in the Philippines at all. Some of the ferns between Nos. 1 and 434 were not from the Philippines; Nos. 2052, 2053 to 2058, and 2252 to 2443, inclusive, were from Malacca, Singapore, and Sumatra; while Nos. 2444 to 2464, inclusive, were from St. Helena. In distributing his material into sets, Cuming apparently planned to arrange his collections in natural groups before numbering his specimens. Thus the vascular and cel- lular cryptogams, the Orchidaceae, Loranthaceae, and Ficus were segregated and for the most part numbered in sequence. This plan was not followed out, however, and most of the collection was numbered by localities. To illustrate his method of arranging his duplicates for distribution, it is only neces- sary to cite a few cases. Cuming’s numbers 435 to 667 were from Calawan, Province of Laguna, Luzon. In distributing ; this material he completed the label on each set of duplicates only for the first one for the locality; thus 435 would be indi- cated as from Calawan, or from the Province of Laguna, Luzon. No other labels were completed until all the plants from that locality were distributed. The first label for a new locality, i. e. 678 from the Province of Tayabas, Luzon, was filled out, but no others until another change of locality, which was 695, the Island of Corregidor. It was expected that the subscribers to the sets would complete the labels as to the localities before distributing the plants into herbaria; but this seems rarely to have been done. It is then not surprising that specimens from this old Cuming collection still continue to be cited as Philip- pine although they may not have originated in the Archipelago. So far as the labels show, in many herbaria, practically the entire Cuming collection is Philippine, and the average working botanist cannot be expected to know all the minute details ia a 2. ake a X,C, 3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 183 regarding the labelling of each set of exsiccata that he has to handle. Rolfe * has recently published a short account of the localities of Cuming’s Philippine plants, but he gives merely the inclusive numbers that are from the Philippines, and those of the collection that were from extra-Philippine localities. As the localities, islands, and provinces in which the Philippine specimens were collected are frequently of great importance in our local work on the Philippine flora, the following list copied from that prepared by Cuming himself at the request of Sir William Hooker, and preserved in Hooker’s correspondence at Kew, is here presented : 1-434. Cryptogams, apparently distributed with properly prepared labels. Most of the species are from the Philippines, a few from Malacca, Singapore, etc. 435-667. Calauang, Province of Laguna, Luzon. 678-694. Province of Tayabas, Luzon. | 695-702. Island of Corregidor [a small island at the entrance of Manila Bay]. 703-725. Province of Tondo [= Rizal], Luzon. 726-749. Provinces of Pampanga and Bulacan, Luzon. 750-833. Province of Tayabas and the mountains of St. Cristobal and Maijaijai [i. e. Mount Banajao], Luzon. 834-947. Province of Albay, Luzon. 948-1039. Province of Pangasinan, Luzon. 1040-1112. Not localized, but probably from the Province of Zambales, Lu- zon, judging from the species represented. 1113-1182. Province of South Ilocos [Ilocos Sur], Luzon. 1183-1260. Province of North Ilocos [Ilocos Norte], Luzon. 1261-1380. Province of Cagayan, Luzon. 1381-1454. Province of Nueva Ecija, Luzon. 1455-1478. Province of South Camarines [Camarines Sur], Luzon. 1479-1603. Island of Mindoro. 1604-1673. Province of Misamis, Mindanao. 1674-1732. Island of Samar. 1738-1757. Island of Leyte. 1758-1789. Island of Cebu. 1790-1810. Island of Negros. 1811-1857. Island of Bohol. 1858-2153.’ Philippine material, not localized [exceptions 2052; 2053-2058]. 2052. Malacca. 2053-2058. Singapore. 2252-2399. Malacca. 2400-2427. Singapore. 2428-2443. Sumatra. 2444-2464. St. Helena. * Kew Bull. (1908) 116-119. *See Vidal Rev. Pl. Vase. Filip. (1885) 83: “2154-2242 Criptogamas celu- lares.”” These were chiefiy from the Philippines. 184 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 While the erroneous citation of a considerable number of Cum- ing’s plants as Philippine was due to the fact that he distributed the entire collection with Philippine labels, only certain labels being filled out as to localities as explained previously, the case presented by the collections of Thomas Lobb is decidedly dif- ferent. Lobb was a professional orchid collector, who visited Singapore, Java, Borneo, and Luzon. In connection with his search for living orchids, Lobb also made a general botanical collection, preparing from one to several duplicates of each species secured. It has been found that a certain specimen labeled in the Kew herbarium, for instance, as originating in Luzon, may be represented in other herbaria by a duplicate labeled “Java,” “Borneo,” or “Singapore.” Vidal *° clearly indicates the doubt that existed in his mind as to the propriety of admitting as Philippine those species that were credited to the Archipelago solely on the basis of specimens collected by Lobb and labelled “‘Luzon:” “[Las plantas de] Lobb son pocas en nimero por haber explorado dicho viajero princi- palmente Borneo, Malaca y el archipiélago malayano. Como se observa mas adelante, al citarlas en la lista de revisién, sus loca- lidades son poco seguras, sin duda por haberse confundido con las remitidas desde los paises vecinos al Archipiélago;” “Como se ha indicado ya, las localidades de las plantas de Lobb no me- recen entera confianza, asi toda especie con solo ejemplares de este colector queda algo dudosa para nuestra flora.” The mixture of labels in Lobb’s collection can be explained only on the assumption that it was deliberate in order to obscure the regions from which he may have secured valuable commercial orchids; this statement does not necessarily infer that Lobb himself was responsible for the mixture. It has been assumed that the set of Lobb’s plants deposited in the Kew herbarium are correctly labeled, but this is certainly not the case. In a number of cases species have been ascribed to the Philippines solely on the basis of Lobb’s specimens labeled “Luzon,” and the Philippine flora has thus been enriched by such species as Loran- thus retusus Jack, Eurycoma longifolia Jack, Archytaea vahlii Choisy, Leucopogon malayanus Jack, Embelia myrtillus Kurz, Fagraea ligustrina Blume, Anisophyllea disticha Hook., and Ilex lobbiana Rolfe. Of these the genera Eurycoma, Archytaea, and Anisophyllea have no known representatives in the Philippines, and none of the species enumerated above have ever been col- lected in the Philippines since they were accredited to the Archi- * Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 9, 173. x,C,2 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 185 pelago by the manifestly erroneous labeling of Lobb’s specimens. On the other hand, specimens that Lobb certainly collected in Luzon have been described as new species and accredited to other regions. As an example may be cited Antidesma lob- bianum Muell.-Arg., much better A. rostratum var. lobbianum Tul., as originally described, which was credited to Java, with the citation of Lobb 460, this specimen in the Paris herbarium appearing as Javan; in the Kew herbarium the same number of Lobb’s collection is labeled Luzon. The species, or variety, has never been found in Java,'! but has been collected several times in the vicinity of Manila. It is very similar to the Philippine Antidesma rostratum Tul., and I believe it to be merely a form or variety of Tulasne’s species. It was probably separated from Antidesma rostratum by Tulasne merely because A. rostratum was Philippine, and the variety lobbianum Tul., was supposed by him to have originated in Java. Hydrangea lobbii Max. in Mém. Acad. Pétersb. VII 10 (1867) 15 was credited by Maximo- wicz to Java on the basis of his specimen of Lobb’s collection so labeled; the Kew specimen of the same collection is labeled Luzon, and this is certainly correct, as the species is common and widely distributed in the mountains of the northern Philip- pines, but has never been found outside of the Archipelago. Clethra lancifolia Turcez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 36 (1863) 231 was based on Cuming 855 from Luzon, with the citation of Lobb 449 from Singapore. Lobb’s specimen was certainly from Lu- zon, as the species is quite unknown from Singapore, but is a common endemic species in the mountains of the Philippines. It is evident that species that are credited to Luzon, Borneo, Singapore, or Java, solely on the authority of Lobb’s specimens so labeled, should not be adopted as belonging to the floras of the respective islands without in each case a critical considera- tion of the floras of the other three islands involved. While it is, of course, quite impossible to prove absolutely that the species enumerated below actually do not occur in the Philip- pines, at least there is no botanical material extant, that we know certainly to be from the Philippines, representing any species of the entire list, except Neptuma oleraceae Lour., Eranthemum crenulatum Nees, and Clerodendron villosum Blume. All the evidence at present available leads me to exclude all the species enumerated below, with these 3 exceptions. The present list of species excluded on account of erroneous or insufficient labels "See J. J. Smith in Koord. & Valet. Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 12 (1910) 290. 186 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 comprises 74 species, and of the list, the following genera have no known representatives in the Archipelago: Bouteloua (includ- ing Hutriana), Polyschistes (Pentarraphis), Philydrum, Arun- dina, Bromheadia, Sebastiana, Eurycoma, Archytaea, Ionidium, Anisophyllea, Baeckea, Rhodamnia, Kibessia, Anplectrum, Ma- rumia, Pternandra, Allomorpha, Badusa, Pharetranthus (Ptero- bium), and Tristicha. POLYPODIACEAE ACROSTICHUM SPATHULATUM Bory; Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1825) 15 “Hab. in insula Luzon ? Sorzogon ?” = Elaphogolossum spathulatum (Bory) Moore. The Haenke specimen was probably not from the Philippines, but from tropical America. The species is unknown as Philippine. NEPHRODIUM HIPPOCREPIS Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1825) 35 “Hab. in insula Sorzogon” = Aspidium hippocrepis (Jacq.) Sw., a tropical American species. Haenke’s specimen labeled “Sorzogon” was probably from South America or Mexico, not from the Philippines. PTERIS ? ALATA Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1825) 56 “Hab. a in Guajaquil; 8 in Guajaquil et 7 insula Luzon.” This species of doubtful status may have been from Luzon, but was more probably from South America. SCHIZAEACEAE LYGODIUM VOLUBILE Sw.; Pres! Rel. Haenk. 1 (1825) 73 “Hab. in insula Sorzogon.” As this species is supposed to be exclusiely American, Presl’s Sorsogon record was probably based on an erroneously labeled specimen. The record may have been based on a wrong identification. GRAMINEAE ANDROPOGON ERIOSTACHYS Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 339 “Hab. in insulis Philippinis.” This is a species of tropical America, Andropogon ternata Nees var. eriostachyus Hack. Haenke’s specimen certainly never originated in the Philippines. ARISTIDA LUZONIENSIS Cav. Ic. 5 (1799) 45, t. 470, f. 2. “Habitat in . insula Luzon altera ex Philippicis.’”’” No known Philippine species of Aris- tida at all approaches the form figured and described by Cavanilles, so that it is probable that Nee’s specimen did not originate in the Philippines, but in America or possibly in Australia. ARISTIDA RIGIDA Cav. Ic. 5 (1799) 44, t. 469, f. 2. “Habitat in insulis Philippicis.” Undoubtedly not Philippine. The note given above under A. luzoniensis Cav. applies here. ARISTIDA MURINA Cav. Ic. 5 (1799) 44, t. 469, f. 1. “Habitat in Mindanao insula prope Samboangan [Zamboanga].” This is most certainly not a Philippine form. The note given above under Aristida luzoniensis Cav. ap- plies here. AVENA STERILIS Linn.; Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 253 “Hab. in insulis Philippinis.” The Philippine record was certainly based on an erroneously localized plant. The genus Avena is unknown in the Phiilppines except for occasional specimens of A. sativa from introduced grain. BOUTELOUA SIMPLEX Lag. in varied. Cienc. 24 (1805) 141 “Peruv.; Ins. X, C, 3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 187 Philipp.” ex Index Kewensis. This Philippine record was certainly based on an erroneously localized specimen; the genus and species is confined to North and South America. BROMUS LUZONIENSIS Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 262 “Hab. in Luzonia” = Triticum luzoniensis Kunth. This is a species of doubtful status, but if properly placed in either Bromus or Triticum, then certainly not a Philippine plant. Presl’s specimens were probably from tropical America. BROMUS PALLENS Cav. Ic. 6 (1801) 67, t. 591, f. 1. “Habit in Maniliae viciniis, ibique Acanthus ilicifolius. Nee legit.” This is apparently a true Bromus, but there is no reason to believe that it originated in the Philippines. The genus Bromus is represented in the Philippines by but two known species, one indigenous, and one introduced European weed, neither occurring below an altitude of 1,500 meters in the Archipelago. Nee’s “Manila” speci- men was probably from South America, Mexico, or California. CHLORIS RUFESCENS Lag. Varied. Cienc. 24 (1805) 148. “Insulae Philip- pinae” ex Kunth. I have not seen the original description; probably not a Philippine plant. CHLORIS DOLICHOSTACHYA Lag. Gen. et Sp. Nov. (1816) 5. Credited by Lagasca to the Philippines, but the specimen (probably collected by Nee) was undoubtedly from Australia, not from the Philippines. Identical with the Australian Chloris truncata R. Br., accordng to Link. CHLORIS CRINITA Lag. Varied. Cienc. 24 (1805) 143 “Insulae Philippinae” ex Kunth. From the description apparently not a Philippine plant. I have not seen Lagasca’s original description, but the species was probably based on specimens collected by Nee. CYNODON TENER Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 291 “Hab. ad Sorzogon Luzo- niae” = Chloris tener Scribn in Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10 (1899) 41, t. 40. A species very closely allied to, if not identical with, the American Chloris petraea Sw. Haenke’s specimen, on which Presl’s species was based, was certainly not from the Philippines. EUTRIANA CURTIPENDULA Trin. = Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. The Philippine record for this species was probably based on Bouteloua race- mosa Lag. Whatever the origin of the Philippine record, it was certainly based on an erroneously localized specimen. The species is known only from North America. ISCHAEMUM MINUS Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 329 “Hab. in insulis Philip- pinis.” The specimen is Jschaemum urvilleanum Kunth, a South American species. Haenke’s specimen certainly never originated in the Philippines. PANICUM STIPATUM Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 297 “Hab. in Mexico, Luzonia ?”’ The specimen is the American Digitaria setosa Desv., and un- doubtedly came from Mexico, certainly not from Luzon. PANICUM LEUCOPHAEUM HBK.; Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 298 “Hab. in Mexico, in Luzonia.” The Luzon record was certainly based on an erro- neously localized plant; nothing approaching the species is shown from the Philippines. PASPALUM CHRYSOTRICHUM Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 211 “Habitat in Luzonia.” From the description apparently a form of the tropical American P. aureum HBK. The Luzon specimen was undoubtedly from tropical Amer- ica, not from the Philippines. PASPALUM ? FILIFORME Sw.; Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 214 “Hab. in Luzonia ? Mexico.” The specimen is Digitaria filiformis Delile, an Amer- ican species. 188 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 PASPALUM FUSCUM Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 214 “Hab. in Luzonia ? in Peruviae montanibus huanoccensibus ? Mexico ?” = Syntherisma fusca Scribn. = ? Digitaria longiflora Pers. The specimen on which Presl’s species was based may have been from Luzon, but it is more probable that it was from tropical America. A species of doubtful status. PASPALUM MOLLE Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 213 “Hab. in Luzonia” = Panicum mollicomum Kunth =Syntherisma molle Scribn. I have seen no Philippine material agreeing with Presl’s description. The “Luzon’’ speci- mens were probably from tropical America. POLYSCHISTES PAUPERCULA Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 294, t. 41, f. 12 “Hab. in insula Luzonia” = Pentarrhaphis sp. The specimen on which this genus and species was based was certainly not from the Philippines, but was undoubtedly from Mexico. SETARIA GLOBULARIS Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1830) 314 “Hab. in insulis Philippinis.” The sheet of this species in the herbarium-of the Missouri Botanical Garden consists of three species, fide Scribner, Setaria caudata Lam., S. composita Kth., and one undeterminable; S. caudata and S. compo- sita are American forms, so that Presl’s Setaria globularis probably origi- nated in Mexico, not in the Philippines. SPOROBOLUS SCOPARIUS Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1880) 243 “Hab. ad portum Sorzogon [Luzon].” Nothing at all resembling the species described by Pres] is known from the Philippines. The specimens on which the species was based were probably from tropical America, not from the Philippines. CYPERACEAE CAREX HAENKEANA Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1828) 205 “Hab. in insulis Philip- pinis” = C. pseudo-cyperus L. var. haenkeana Kiikenth. This form is widely distributed in extra-tropical South America, but has never been found in the Philippines. Presl’s specimen labeled “Philippines” was undoubtedly from Chile. FIMBRISTYLIS CYMOSA R. Br.; C. B. Clarke in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 97 “Toubonia (1488 Cuming) in hb. Kew (a false number).” This speci- men was not from the Philippines as Clarke supposed, but apparently from Cuming’s earlier Polynesian collection as the printed label bears the date 1831; Cuming’s Philippine plants were collected between 1836 and 1840, and distributed in 1841. ERIOCAULACEAE ERIOCAULON TRUNCATUM Ham.; Ruhl. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 13 (1903) 107. “Philippinen (Cuming 2326).” The specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. PHILYDRACEAE PHILYDRUM LANUGINOSUM Gaertn.; Caruel in DC. Monog. Phan. 4 (1881) 8. “Manilla (Cuming!)” is an error; the specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. No representative of the family is known from the Philippines. ORCHIDACEAE DENDROBIUM METACHILINUM Reichb. f. in Bonplandia 3 (1855) 222 “2067 Cuming Phil.” This species has been credited to the Philippines by several authors on this number of Cuming’s collection. The specimen was from Ma- lacca according to Cuming’s own list of localities preserved in Sir William x%,¢,3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 189 Hooker’s correspondence at Kew. It has been collected since in Malacca, but has never been found in the Philippines. Cuming’s specimen is cor- rectly localized by Kranzlin.” - ARUNDINA SPECIOSA Bl. This species has been credited to the Philip- . pines by several authors [Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 150, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 269; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 215], by citation of Cuming 2058. The specimen was from Singapore, not from the Philip- pines, according to Cuming’s own list of localities. No representative of the genus is known from the Philippines. BROMHEADIA PALUSTRIS Lindl. This species has been credited to the Philippines by Vidal on the basis of Cuming 2054 [Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1883) 150, Rev. Pl. Vase. Filip. (1886) 270]. This number of Cuming’s collection was from Singapore, not from the Philippines. No representative of the genus is known from the Philippines. The following species of Orchidaceae, originally credited to the Philip- pines on the basis of Cuming’s plants, are hardly worthy of consideration here, as all have been found in the Archipelago by recent collectors: Eulo- phia squalida Lindl. (Cuming 20538), Spathoglottis plicata Bl. (Cuming 2055), and Sarchochilus amplexicaulis Reichb. f. = Thrixspermum amplexi- caule Reichb. f. (Cuming 2056). All of these numbers of Cuming’s collec- tion were from Singapore, not from the Philippines, according to Cuming’s own list of localities in Sir William Hooker’s correspondence at Kew. LORANTHACEAE LORANTHUS RETUSUS Jack; Vidal Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 232. This was admitted as Philippine on the authority of a specimen collected by Lobb, and localized as “‘Luzon.’’ The species has not appeared in our compre- hensive collections, and can safely be excluded. Lobb’s specimen was prob- ably from Singapore, Borneo, or Java. SANTALACEAE HENSLOVIA PHILIPPINENSIS A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 14 (1887) 631. “In Philippinis (Cuming 2255 in h. Boiss.).”’ The specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. PROTEACEAE HELICIA CASTANEAEFOLIA Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14 (1857) 441. ‘In ins. Philippinis (Cuming 2338!).” The specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. PODOSTEMONACEAE TRISTICHA BIFARIA Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 86 “Hab. in insulis Philip- pinis ?” It is suspected that this is T. hypnoides Spr., and that Presl’s specimen originated in tropical America. No representative of this family has been found in the Philippines. LEGUMINOSAE BAUHINIA LUNULARIA Cav. Ic. 5 (1799) 4, t. 407. “Habitat in Calavan [Prov. Laguna, Luzon] et in Acapulco [Mexico] viciniis.” This is most certainly not a Philippine Bauhinia. Nothing approaching it appears in our * Engl. Pflanzenreich 45 (1910) 182. 190 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 comprehensive collections, and it manifestly belongs in the section Casparia, all of which are from tropical America, chiefly Mexico. BAUHINIA SUBROTUNDIFOLIA Cav. Ic. 5 (1799) 4, ¢t. 406. “Habitat in Calavan [Prov. Laguna, Luzon] duodecem leucis a Manila et etiam in Aca- puleco [Mexico] viciniis.” This is most certainly not a Philippine species. The note given above under Bauhinia lunularia Cav. applies here. NEPTUNIA OLERACEA Lour.; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 58, as Philippine by citation of Cuming 2352; this specimen was from Malacca. The refer- ence is now hardly worthy of exclusion, as the species has very recently been collected in Mindanao. EUPHORBIACEAE SEBASTIANA CHAMAELEA Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15° (1866) 1175. “In Philippinis (Cuming 2324).” The specimen was from Malacca. No rep- resentative of the genus is known from the Philippines. Unimportant is the reference to Cuming 2407, under Sauropus albicans, and Cuming 2429, under Euphorbia atoto Forst., by Mueller and by Boissier 1. cc. 241, 12; both specimens were from Malacca, not from the Philippines, but both species occur in the Philippines. SIMARUBACEAE EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA Jack; Vidal Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 78. The Philippine record was based on a specimen collected by Lobb, labeled “Luzon.” It can safely be excluded, as no representative of the genus is known from the Philippines; EZ. dubia Elm. probably does not even belong in the Simarubaceae. Lobb’s specimen was probably from Singapore or Borneo, where the species is common. ANACARDIACEAE MANGIFERA LAGENIFERA Griff.; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 25. “Phil- ippines (Cuming 2330) ;” the specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines; Merrill 610 referred here by Dr. Perkins is Buchanania arborea Bl. Mangifera lagenifera Griff. does not occur in the Philippines. AQUIFOLIACEAE ILEX LOBBIANA Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 309. This was based on a specimen collected by Lobb and labeled “Luzon.” The species has not appeared in our recent collections and in all probability Lobb’s specimen was not from Luzon, but from Java; this is confirmed by Loesener’s recent treatment of J. lobbiana, who considers it merely as a variety of the Javan Ilex triflora Blume. At any rate, [lex lobbiana Rolfe can safely be excluded from the Philippine list. THEACEAE ARCHYTAEA VAHLII Choisy = A. alternifolia (Vahl) Hochr. This was admitted by F.-Villar, Novis. App. (1880) 19, as Philippine, who erroneously reduced to it Helianthemum triflorum Blanco; Blanco’s species is Grewia stylocarpa Warb. Vidal [Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 58] admitted Archy- taea vahlii as Philippine on the basis of a specimen collected by Lobb, - X.0,3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 191 labeled “Luzon.” No representative of the genus has been found in the Philippines, and Lobb’s specimen was probably from Singapore or Borneo, where the species is common. VIOLACEAE IONIDIUM THYMIFOLIUM Pres] Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 97 “Habitat in insula Luzon.” No representative of the genus is known from the Philippines. Pres! himself later (Bot. Bemerk. 11) credits J. thymifolium to the Cape of Good Hope. VIOLA PHILIPPICA Cay. Ic. 6 (1801) 19, t. 529, f. 2. “Habitat in Insula Luzon tertio a Manila lapide, ibique Oxalis sensitiva; Morinda awillaris; Iusticia nasuta; Mogorium sambac; Scirpus dipsaceus, barbatus, miliaceus, et dichotomus.” This was certainly very definitely localized by Cavanilles, yet there is every reason to believe that Viola philippica was not from the Philippines, but probably from South America, Mexico, or California. The indigenous species of Viola in the Philippines are all from high altitudes, and none of them approach the species figured and described by Cavanilles; none occur within many miles of Manila except the cultivated Viola odorata L. RHIZOPHORACEAE ANISOPHYLLEA DISTICHA Hook.; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 212. This was admitted as Philippine on the basis of a Lobb specimen labeled “Luzon.” No representative of the genus is known from the Philippines, and A. disticha can safely be eliminated from the Philippine list. Lobb’s specimen was probably from Singapore or Borneo, where the species is common. MYRTACEAE BAECKEA FRUTESCENS Linn.; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 82. “Philipp. “(Cuming).” The genus has no representative in the Philippines. The Cuming specimen mentioned by F.-Villar is Cuming 2269, and is from Malacca. It is correctly localized by Schauer in his description of Baeckea ‘cumingeana (sic!), which was based on this collection (Walp. Ann. 2: 920). RHODAMNIA TRINERVIA Blume; Duthie in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind 2 (1878) 468. The Philippine record is based on a Cuming specimen from Malacca; no representative of the genus is known from the Philippines. EPACRIDACEAE LEUCOPOGON MALAYANUS Jack; Vidal Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 173. This was admitted as Philippine on the basis of a specimen collected by Lobb and labeled “Luzon,” with the qualifying statement by Vidal: “Como se ha indicado ya, las localidades de las plantas de Lobb no merecen entera confianza, asi toda especie con solo ejemplares de ese colector queda. algo dudosa para nuestra flora.” The species can with safety be excluded from the Philippine flora, as it has not appeared in our comprehensive collections. Lobb’s specimens were probably from Borneo, Singapore, or Java. MELASTOMATACEAE MARUMIA ZEYLANICA Blume; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2 (1870) 542 credits this species to the Philippines, citing no specimen, but Cuming 2383 in the Kew Herbarium under a Philippine label, accounts for 132966——3 192 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 the Philippine distribution; the specimen was from Malacca. The genus has no known representative in the Philippines. ANPLECTRUM DIVARICATUM Triana; C. B. Clarke, |. ¢. 546, as “Philippines ;” a case similar to the preceding. The specimen in the Kew herbarium is Cuming 2259, from Malacca, not from the Philippines. The species does not extend to the Philippines. KIBESSIA SIMPLEX Korth.; C. B. Clarke 1. c. 552, as “Philippines,” but like the two preceding cases, the Cuming specimen, so labeled, was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. The genus has no known representative in the Philippines. MEMECYLON MANILLANUM Naud. in Ann. Sci. Nat. III 18 (1852) 276. This was based on Cuming 2322, under the assumption that this specimen was from the Philippines, and apparently from some point near Manila. The specimen, however, was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. It is a synonym of M. caeruleum Jack, and here must also be reduced M. diversifo- lium Presl. [See Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 227.] PTERNANDRA CAERULASCENS Jack; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28 (1871) 153. “Cuming 2316,” but the specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. The genus has no representative in the Philippines. ALLOMORPHIA EXIGUA Blume; Triana 1. c. 74. “Cuming 2295;” the speci- men was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. No representative of the genus is known from the Philippines. DISSOCHAETA PEPERICARPA Naud. in Ann. Sci. Nat. III 15 (1851) 71, based on Cuming 2259 as the type, from the Philippines. The specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. The species does not extend to the Philippines. SONERILA HETEROSTEMON Naud. in Ann. Sci. Nat. III 15 (1851) 326, based on Cuming 2849 from “Luzon” = Sonerila obliqua Korth.; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. 28 (1871) 77, with the citation of the same locality and number. Cuming 2849 was from Malacca, not from the Philippines; the species does not occur in the Philippines. MYRSINACEAE EMBELIA MYRTILLUS Kurz; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 213. This Philippine record was based on a specimen collected by Lobb and labeled “Luzon;” it has not appeared in our collections and can safely be eliminated from the Philippine flora. Lobb’s specimen was probably from Singapore or Borneo. EMBELIA RIBES Burm.; A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 85. “in Philippinis (Cuming! 2320).” The specimen was from Malacca; the species is quite unknown as Philippine. MAESA RAMENTACEA Wall.; A. DC. 1. c. 77. “Philippinis (Cuming! 2286) .” The specimen was from Malacca; the species does not occur in the Phil- ippines. LOGANIACEAE FAGRAEA LIGUSTRINA Blume; Vidal Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 191. The Philippine record was based on a specimen collected by Lobb and labeled “Luzon;” the species is otherwise unknown as Philippine and can safely be excluded. Lobb’s specimen was probably from Java. X,C,3 Merrill: Erroneous Credits to Philippine Flora 193 CONVOLVULACEAE CONVOLVULUS SPHAEROSTIGMA Cav. Ic. 5 (1799) 54, t. 481. “Habitat in Mindanao * * * et * * * in Regni Mexicani.” I believe that Choisy [DC. Prodr. 9 (1845) 397] is correct in reducing this to the South American Jacquemontia hirsuta Choisy, although if so, Cavanilles’s specific name is the older. There is very little probability that the Mindanao record is correct. VERBENACEAE CLERODENDRON VILLOSUM Blume; Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 (1847) 667. “In Philippinis (Cuming! 2415).” The specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. The species, however, seems to be well represented in recent collections from the southern Philippines. SOLANACEAE SOLANUM INDICUM Linn.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13* (1852) 309. “Ins. Philippines (Cuming 2261).” The specimen was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. The species is unknown from the Archipelago. SOLANUM TRILOBATUM Linn.; Dunal 1. ¢. 287. “In insulis Philippinis (Cuming, pl. exs. n. 2342).” The specimen was from Malacca. The species is not known from the Philippines. GESNERIACEAE DIDYMOCARPUS MARGINATA C. B. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 96 “Malacca (Lobb, n. 184 in h. Kew). Ins. Philippinicae; Luzon ? (Lobb, in h. Kew, habitatio autem dubia).” Nothing resembling this species has been found in the Philippines, so it is probable that Lobb’s specimen labeled “Luzon” probably did not originate in the Philippines. See King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 74% (1908) 755 who quote Ridley: “I took this [D. ophirensis Ridl.] at first to be D. marginata Clarke * * * which was based on a plant collected in Malacca or Luzon by Lobb, but which, from the description, may be a form of D. reptans, and the locality of which is doubtful.” Didymocarpus reptans is widely distributed in the Malay Peninsula. OREOCHARIS ? NOTHA C. B. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1883) 64 “Manille ? (Barthe in h. Paris).” Barthe’s specimen was probably from southern China, not from the Philippines. No representative of the genus has been found in the Archipelago. ACANTHACEAE ERANTHEMUM CRENULATUM Wall.; Nees in DC. Prodr. 11 (1847) 454. Cuming 1658 was from the Island of Panay, Philippines, but Cuming 2857 was from Malacca, not from the Philippines. Under the variety angusti- folium Nees 1. c. 454, Cuming 2889 was from Malacca, not from the Phil- ippines. PLANTAGINACEAE PLANTAGO PHILIPPICA Cav. Ic. 4 (1797) 35, t. 859, f. 2. “Habitat in Santa Cruz de la Laguna in Philippicis insulis.” This is most certainly not a Philippine species. The genus is represented in the Archipelago only by an introduced form of Plantago major Linn. Nee’s specimen, on which the species was based, was probably from some part of America. 194 _... The Philippine Journal of Science RUBIACEAE CINCHONA PHILIPPICA Cav. Ic. 4 (1797) 15, t. 329. “Habitat prope Manila in Santa Cruz de la Laguna.” Cavanilles’s species is the basis of Exostemma philippicum R. & S.—Badusa philippica Vid. No Philippine rubiaceous plant has appeared in our collections that at all approaches the form figured and described by Cavanilles. There is every reason to believe that Nee’s specimen did not originate in the Philippines, but that it came from tropical America, Polynesia, or perhaps Australia. COMPOSITAE PHARETRANTHUS (gen. nov.) Klatt in Flora 68 (1885) 203 was probably based on a Cuming St. Helena specimen although credited to the Philippines. Hoffmann in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4° (1889) 243 under Core- opsis states: “Vielleicht gehért auch die homogame, strauchige Gattung Pharetranthus Klatt auf den Philippinen hierher,” but in the Nachtrage pp. 325, 326 Pharetranthus is reduced to Pterobium, a genus confined to St. Helena. The total number of species excluded from the Philippine flora that have been credited to the Archipelago on erroneous identifications, and by the citation of wrongly labeled herbarium material, approximates 2,500 species. About 75 of these can be accounted for through erroneously or imperfectly labeled herbarium specimens, but most of the species have been admitted as Philippine through misinterpretation of descriptions. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. VoL. X, No. 3, May, 1915. NEW SPECIES OF SCHEFFLERA By E. D. MERRILL ’* (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The increase in the number of known species of this genus in the Philippines has been rather remarkable. Up to the close of _ the past century but three species were definitely known from the Archipelago. As in a number of our large genera of phane- rogams most of the species of Schefflera are endemic, and most of them are of very local occurrence in the Philippines, few, such as Schefflera odorata and S. insularum being of general distribu- tion in the Archipelago. The present paper consists of the de- scriptions of twelve presumably new species of Scheffiera, bring- ing the total number of Philippine forms up to approximately fifty-five, of which five are in the section Cephaloschefflera, which is perhaps entirely worthy of generic rank, the remainder belong- ing in the section Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. SCHEFFLERA CRASSISSIMA sp. nov. § Cephaloschefflera. Arbor vel frutex ut videtur epiphyticus, glaber; foliis palma- tim §8-foliolatis, foliolis crassissime coriaceis, ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, nitidis, in siccitate brunneis, integris, usque ad 15 cm longis, breviter abrupte acuminatis, basi late rotun- datis vel subcordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, reticulis pri- mariis laxis, secundariis obsoletis; petiolo crasso, circiter 25 em longo; racemis crassis, 30 ad 40 em longis, capitulis sub fructu ellipsoideis, 1.5 cm longis, densis, fructibus 5-locellatis. A shrub or tree, quite glabrous (flowers unknown), apparently epiphytic. Petioles stout, cylindric, dark-brown when dry, about 1 cm in diameter and 25 cm long. Leaflets 8, elliptic to oblong- elliptic, very thickly coriaceous, brownish and shining when dry, of about the same color on both surfaces, 12 to 15 cm long, about 7 cm wide, entire, margins revolute, apex very shortly and abruptly acuminate, base broadly rounded to subcordate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, anas- * Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 195 196 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 tomosing, the primary reticulations very lax, the secondary ones obsolete; petiolules stout, dark-brown when dry, 8 cm long. Racemes apparently axillary, stout, 30 to 40 cm long, the rachis dark-brown when dry, 7 to 10 mm in diameter. Heads mostly in the upper one-half, their pedicels stout, 1.5 to 2 cm long, the rachis with rather numerous scars of fallen pedicels; fruiting heads ellipsoid, 1.5 em long, dense, the individual fruits about 4 mm long, about 3.5 mm in diameter, prominently 5-angled, 5-celled, crowned by the depressed-globose, 5-sulcate stigma. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19379 Ramos, January 15, 1913, altitude about 900 meters, on trees. Among the Philippine species nearest to Schefflera oblongifolia Merr., but with relatively shorter and broader leaflets which are fewer nerved, and with smaller heads. The leaflets are unusually thickly coriaceous. SCHEFFLERA AGAMAE sp. nov. § Euscheffera, Heptapleurum. Arbor glabra, circiter 10 m alta; foliis palmatim 7-foliolatis, foliolis oblongo-ellipticis vel elliptico-ovatis, chartaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, nitidis, breviter abrupte acute acuminatis, basi subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, distantibus, distinctis, in- ferioribus adscendentibus, reticulis laxis; inflorescentiis termina- libus, ramis primariis paucis, elongatis, usque ad 40 cm longis, ad apicem ramulorum fasciculatis ; fructibus ellipsoideis vel ovoideis, 4 ad 5 mm longis, leviter sulcatis, umbellatis, umbellis breviter pedicellatis, in ramis primariis racemose dispositis. A glabrous tree about 10 m high, the branches terete, wrinkled when dry, pale grayish-brown, about 8 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 7-foliolate, the petioles about 9 cm long, base inflated, the stipular part broadly ovate, brown, 1 cm long, coriaceous, clasping the stem. Leaflets chartaceous, oblong-elliptic to ellip- tic-ovate, somewhat shining, the lower surface slightly paler than the upper, 11 to 15 cm long, 6 to 7 cm wide, entire, apex abruptly acutely acuminate, base subacute; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, distant, rather distinct, the basal ones usually ascending, the reticulations lax; petiolules 1 to 3 cm long. Branchlets extended above the uppermost leaf and bearing sev- eral brown, coriaceous, broadly ovate, more or less keeled, some- times retuse bracts 1 to 2.5 cm long, similar to the stipules, distant or somewhat imbricate. Branches of the inflorescence fascicled at the tips of the branchlets, few, elongated, quite glabrous, up to 40 cm in length, dark-brown when dry. Fruits ovoid or ellipsoid, 4 to 5 mm long, when dry somewhat sulcate, 5-celled, umbellately disposed, 3 to 7 in each umbel, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the peduncles of the umbels 3 to 6 mm long; Ss +. Ate eee ee ee X,C,3 Merrill: New Species of Schefflera 197 umbels numerous, racemosely disposed throughout the entire length of the branches except for the lower 5 to 6 cm. PALAWAN, Alfonso III, For. Bur. 21603 Agama, May 11, 1914, on rocky hills, altitude about 30 meters, the fruit yellow when fresh. The specimens were distributed under the name Schefflera palawanensis Merr., but the species is not at all closely allied to the form described under this name. It is perhaps as closely allied to the Malayan Hepta- pleurum subulatum Mig. as any other species but differs in very many characters, notably in its entirely glabrous inflorescence. SCHEFFLERA BANAHAENSIS sp. nov. § Fuschefflera, Heptapleurwm. Frutex (?) erectus, glaber; foliis longe petiolatis, palmatim 6-foliolatis, foliolis oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 11 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, in siccitate supra atro-olivaceis, leviter nitidis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, tenuibus, obscuris, reticulis obsoletis vel subobsoletis; paniculis terminalibus, amplis, laxis, ramis patulis, primariis usque ad 17 cm longis; floribus 6-meris, um- bellatis, umbellis in ramis primariis racemose dispositis; fructi- bus in siccitate leviter sulcatis, ovoideis, circiter 3 mm longis, 6-locellatis. f Apparently an erect shrub, quite glabrous, the ultimate branches brown, wrinkled, terete, about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 6-foliolate, their petioles about 12 cm long, dark reddish-brown when dry; leaflets oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 8 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the shortly blunt-acuminate apex, the upper surface when dry black-olivaceous, shining, the lower paler, brownish or fuliginous; lateral nerves very slender, obscure, 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations obsolete or . nearly so; petiolules 3 to 4 cm long. Panicles terminal, the ra- chis, in fruit, about 10 cm long, the primary branches racemosely disposed, alternate, the lower ones up to 17 cm long, the upper ones somewhat shorter, each subtended by a thickly coriaceous, ovate, deciduous, obtuse bract about 5 mm long. Flowers umbel- late, the umbels racemosely arranged on the primary branches, in fruit the peduncles 7 to 10 mm long, each bearing about 6 fruits, the pedicels often nearly as long as the peduncles. Fruits ovoid, about 3 mm long, when dry obscurely longitudinally sul- cate, 6-celled, 6-seeded. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Lucban (Mount Banajao), Bur. Sci. 19522 Ramos, January 29, 1913, along streams, the fruits yellow. In the same group with and closely allied to Schefflera luzoniensis Merr., differing in its larger leaflets which are but slightly shining and not at all caudate-acuminate, and its glabrous, very much larger, lax panicles. 198 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 SCHEFFLERA BENGUETENSIS sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurwm. Frutex erectus, 3 ad 5 m altus, partibus junioribus inflores- centiisque plus minusve pallide villosus; foliis palmatim 7- ad 11- foliolatis, foliolis subcoriaceis, integris, oblongis ad anguste ob- longo-obovatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, junioribus subtus plus minusve stellato-villosis, usque ad 10 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 10, cum secundariis plus minusve confusis; paniculis terminalibus, circiter 20 cm longis, ramis primariis 5 ad 9, elongatis; floribus 5-meris, umbellatis, umbellis race- mose dispositis. An erect shrub, the younger parts and the inflorescence more or less pale-villous, the indumentum sometimes somewhat stellate, in age the plant often becoming nearly glabrous. Branches ter- ete, pale-gray, 4 to 8 mm in diameter, more or less wrinkled when dry. Leaves palmately 7- to 9-foliolate, the petioles 5 to 9 cm long, base inflated and clasping the stems; leaflets oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, subcoriaceous, olivaceous or brown- ish-olivaceous when dry, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, entire, the apex distinctly acuminate but not at all caudate, base acute, in age quite glabrous, the younger leaves more or less stellate- villous with nearly white hairs on the lower surface; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, often scarcely more distinct than are the secondary nerves and the primary reticulations; petiolules 1.5 to 4 cm long. Panicles terminal, in anthesis rather densely villous with pale hairs, in fruit often nearly glabrous, the rachis up to 9 cm in length, with from 5 to 9, alternate, spreading or ascending branches 8 to 20 cm in length, each branch subtended by an oblong-ovate, coriaceous, densely villous, deciduous bract about 8 mm in length. Flowers in racemosely arranged umbels, greenish, 5 to 12 flowers in each umbel, 5-merous, the pedicels 2 to 4 mm long, the peduncles of the umbels 4 to 10 mm long. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, acute, 3-nerved, about 2 mm long. Filaments slender, 3 to 3.5 mm long; anthers small, broadly ellipsoid. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit bright yellow when mature, fleshy, when dry prominently 5-sulcate, about 3 mm in diameter, globose-ovoid, 5-celled. LuzOoN, Subprovince of Benguet, Baguio and vicinity, Elmer 6811 (type) 4626, 5978, Phil. Pl. 1778 Merrill, Williams 1164, 1168, Bur. Sci. 2815, 8424, 3508, 3370 Mearns, For. Bur. 21848 Leano; Mount Pulog, For. Bur. 16831 Curran, Merritt, & Zschokke: Subprovince of Bontoc, Bauco, Vano- verbergh 592, in flower April and May, in fruit in July. This species is manifestly allied to Schefflera caudata Merr. & Rolfe (S. acuminatissima Merr.), with which it has been confused. It differs Cae X, C, 3 Merrill: New Species of Schefflera 199 constantly in its smaller leaves which are not at all caudate-acuminate. It grows in dense damp thickets in limestone regions, reaching an altitude of at least 1,600 meters. SCHEFFLERA CURRANII sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. - Arbor glabra circiter 7 m alta; foliis palmatim 7-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, oblongis vel anguste oblongis, integris, utrin- que angustatis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 9 cm longis, nervis utrinque 7 vel 8, obscuris, reticulis laxis; inflores- centiis terminalibus, ramis primariis paucis, ad apicum ramu- lorum fasciculatis, usque ad 14 cm longis; fructibus 4 mm longis, sulcatis, 5-locellatis, umbellatis, umbellis in ramis primariis race- mose dispositis. A glabrous tree about 7 m high, the branches pale-brownish, terete, wrinkled, 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 7- foliolate, the petioles slender, about 9 cm long, base inflated and clasping the stems. Leaflets oblong to narrowly oblong, char- taceous, olivaceous when dry, dull, and of about the same color: on both surfaces, entire, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the sharply acuminate apex, the acumen short, 5 to 9 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiolules 1.5 to 3 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, the rachis not at all produced, consisting of 3 or 4 primary branches up to 14 cm in length which are fascicled at the apices of the branchlets. Fruits umbellate, about 4 mm long, prominently suleate when dry, 5-celled, ovoid in outline, the umbels race- mosely disposed on the primary branches, each with from 3 to 5 fruits, the pedicels 3 mm long or less, the peduncles not ex- ceeding 4mm in length. The uppermost fruits on some branches are merely fascicled instead of umbellate. PALAWAN, Victoria Peak, For. Bur. 8858 Curran, March 24, 1906, on rocky river banks, altitude about 1,200 meters This species has been placed in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science with Schefflera caudata Merr. & Rolfe, but not so named. It somewhat resembles that species, but has quite different, smaller leaflets which are not at all caudate, and is, moreover, at once separated from that species by the fact that the rachis of the inflorescence is not all elongated, the primary branches being fascicled at the tips of the branchlets. SCHEFFLERA DIVARICATA sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. Frutex ut videtur scandens, glaber; foliis palmatim 4- ad 6- foliolatis, foliolis oblongis, obtusis, 5 ad 7 cm longis, integris, exterioribus distincte inaequilateralibus; inflorescentiis usque ad 25 em longis, divaricatis, ramulis primariis circiter 4, ad apicem 200 The Philippine Journal of Seience 1915 ramulorum fasciculatis ; ramulis secundariis paucis, patulis, 5 ad 6 cm longis; floribus paucis, in ramulis secundariis umbellatis, longe pedicellatis, 6-meris, petalis sub anthesin reflexis. A shrub, quite glabrous, apparently scandent. Branches ter- ete, wrinkled when dry, brownish, about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 4- to 6-foliolate, the petioles 5 to 7 cm long, base inflated and clasping the stems; leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong, coriaceous, 5 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, brown when dry, obtuse, base acute, margins entire, the lateral leaflets dis- tinctly inequilateral, sometimes even slightly falcate; lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, distant, the reticulations very lax, obscure; petiolules 5 to 10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, of about 4 primary branches fascicled at the tip of each branchlet, up to 25 cm long, the peduncular parts of each primary branch about 15 cm long; secondary branches few, spreading, up to 6 cm long, each bearing at its apex a 5- or 6-flowered umbel, the pedicels about 2 cm long. Flowers 6- merous. Calyx disk-like, about 3 mm in diameter. Petals 6, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, reflexed after anthesis, about 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide. Filaments 2 to 2.5 mm long, slender; anthers about 2 mm long. Ovary very shallow, 6-celled, the top distinctly wrinkled when dry, the style less than 1 mm long, sulcate. BASILAN, Comalarang, Bur. Sci. 16132 Reillo, August 31, 1912, in forests, flowers yellow. A very strongly marked species entirely different from all forms known to me. It is characterized by its small, narrow, obtuse leaflets, the lateral ones being distinctly inequilateral, and its relatively very long, more or less divaricate few-flowered inflorescence, its few-flowered long-peduncled umbels, and its long pedicelled flowers. SCHEFFLERA EUCAUDATA sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. Frutex, ut videtur scandens, ramulis junioribus inflorescen- tiisque minute pallide furfuraceis exceptis glaber; foliis pal- matim 7-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, integris, oblongis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi acutis, apice tenuiter acute subcaudato-acu- minatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 15, patulis, subtus prominentibus; floribus 5-meris, umbellatis, umbellis numerosis, densis, globosis, in ramulis racemose dispositis, ramulis circiter 4, usque ad 25 cm longis, ad apicem ramulorum fasciculatis. A shrub, apparently scandent, glabrous except the tips of the branchlets and the furfuraceous inflorescence. Branches terete, grayish-brown when dry, prominently wrinkled, about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves 7-foliolate, the petioles about 18 cm long, the stipule intrapetiolar, thickly coriaceous, oblong, somewhat pi y gh to wet ee oe St eee eee a oe x; C, 3 Merrill: New Species of Schefflera 201 2-keeled, about 3 cm long, clasping the stem. Leaflets pale when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, somewhat shining, oblong, 15 to 20 em long, 5.5 to 6.5 em wide, narrowed to the acute base and to the slender, sharply subcaudate-acuminate apex, char- taceous, entire; primary lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, spreading, anastomosing, the secondary nerves and reticulations distinct; petiolules 3 to 5 cm long. Flowers small, umbellate, the umbels racemosely arranged, the racemes about 4, fascicled at the tips of the branchlets, the rachis not at all elongated between the racemes, the inflorescence sub- tended by several lanceolate, coriaceous, acuminate, furfuraceous bracts about 4 cm in length, the inflorescence rather uniformly pale-furfuraceous, the branches up to 25 cm in length. Umbels very numerous, globose, dense, in mature bud up to 10 mm in diameter, mostly 15- to 20-flowered, their peduncles about 6 mm long, each subtended by a narrowly lanceolate, acuminate bract about 1 cm in length. Flowers 5-merous, their pedicels about 2mm long. Calyx minutely pubescent, about 1.5 mm in diam- eter, obscurely 5-toothed. Petals 5, ovate, 2mm long, 1 mm wide, acute, with three prominent brownish nerves; filaments 1.2 mm long; anthers broadly elliptic, 1 mm long. Ovary 5-celled. BASILAN, Comalarang, Bur. Sci. 16108 Reillo, August 31, 1912, in forests, flowers yellow. A species well characterized by its slenderly and acutely acuminate, entire leaflets, its fascicled primary branches of the inflorescence, and its dense, globose umbels of small 5-merous flowers. In aspect it somewhat resembles Schefflera demesae Merr. of Mindanao, but that species has its flowers in fascicles, not in umbels. SCHEFFLERA GLABRA sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. Arbor glaberrima, circiter 10 m alta; foliis palmatim 5-folio- latis, foliolis coriaceis, integris, oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, us- que ad 8 cm longis, subcaudato-acuminatis, basi rotundatis, nervis utrinque 7 ad 11, subdistinctis; paniculis terminalibus, ramis primariis racemose dispositis, usque ad 10 cm longis; fructibus 4-locellatis, subglobosis, circiter 3 mm diametro, umbellatim dis- positis, umbellis in ramis primariis racemose dispositis, pauci- floris, longe pedunculatis. A glabrous tree about 10 m high, the branches terete, pale grayish-brown when dry, wrinkled, 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 5-foliolate, the petioles about 4 cm long, base inflated and clasping the stems; leaflets coriaceous, shining, oblong to oblong-ovate, entire, 4 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, base rounded, apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen a The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 up to 1.5 cm long; lateral nerves rather distinct on the lower surface, 7 to 11 on each side of the midrib, somewhat confused with the secondary nerves, the reticulations distinct; petiolules 6 to 15 mm long. Panicles terminal, the rachis slender, about 3 cm long, the branches alternate, racemosely arranged, rather few, the lower ones up to 12 cm long. Fruits umbellately ar- ranged, subglobose, about 3 mm in diameter, more or less sulcate, nearly black when dry, 4-celled, the pedicels slender, 4 to 5 mm long, the umbels racemosely disposed on the primary branches, scattered, their peduncles slender, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Imogen-Nozo trail, For. Bur. 14195 Mer- ritt, December 22, 1908, in hardwood forests, altitude about 1,500 meters. A species well characterized by its 5-foliolate leaves, shining, entire, subcaudate-acuminate leaflets, lax, entirely glabrous panicles, few-flowered, slenderly peduncled umbels, and 4-celled fruits. SCHEFFLERA MAGREGORII sp. nov. § Kuschefflera, Heptapleurum. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, glabra; foliis palmatim 5- vel 6-folio- latis, foliolis crasse coriaceis, integris, acuminatis, basi acutis, oblongis, usque ad 10 cm longis, nervis lateralibus obscuris, utrinque circiter 10; paniculis terminalibus, glabris, pyramida- tis, circiter 20 cm longis, ramulis primariis racemosis; floribus 5-meris, umbellatis, umbellis in ramulis primariis racemose dis- positis; fructibus subglobosis, circiter 3 mm diametro, vix sul- catis, 5-locellatis. A tree about 10 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches terete, grayish-brown, the ultimate ones about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 5- or 6-foliolate, the petioles dark reddish- brown when dry, about 10 cm long; base dilated and somewhat clasping the stem; leaflets oblong, thickly coriaceous, 8 to 10 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, pale-olivaceous and shining when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, entire, base acute, apex rather prominently acuminate, acumen rather stout, straight or curved, blunt; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, scarcely more distinct than the secondary nerves; petiolules 1.5 to 3 cm long. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, about 20 cm long, the branches few, alter- nate, spreading, the lower ones up to 10 cm long. Flowers 5-merous, the umbels usually with from 4 to 6 flowers, race- mosely disposed on the primary branches, alternate, their pedun- cles 5 to 6 mm long, the pedicels about 3 mm long. Fruit blackish when mature, globose, about 3 mm in diameter, when dry scarcely or obscurely sulcate, 5-celled, 1- to 3-seeded. — pa are ae) eee ety ee X, C, 8 Merrill: New Species of Schefflera "208 Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19839 McGregor, February 2, 1913, altitude not indicated, but apparently from the mossy forest. A species similar and manifestly allied to Schefflera binuangensis C. B. Rob. but readily distinguished by its entirely glabrous panicles. SCHEFFLERA MULTIFLORA sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. Frutex erectus ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque plus minusve furfuraceis; foliis longe petiolatis, palmatim 6- vel 7- foliolatis, foliolis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, acu- minatis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, margine distanter serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, subtus valde prominentibus, reticulis laxis; paniculis terminalibus, floribus umbellatis, umbellis nu- merosis, racemose dispositis, racemis usque ad 50 cm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis vel ovoideis, in siccitate valde longitudi- naliter sulcatis, 6-locellatis, 4 ad 5 mm longis. An erect shrub or small tree 4 to 6 m high, the younger parts and the inflorescence rather densely furfuraceous with brownish- cinereous indumentum. Branches apparently stout. Leaves palmately 6- or 7-foliolate, the petioles stout, 30 to 40 cm long, brownish, glabrous, about 5 mm in diameter. Leaflets oblong, coriaceous, brownish-olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, 15 to 25 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, apex rather abruptly acuminate, base acute, obtuse, or somewhat rounded, margins with distant, rather small, serrate or serrate-crenate teeth, the upper surface quite glabrous, the lower surface in young leaves minutely stellate-furfuraceous near the midrib, soon becoming quite gla- brous; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the basal pair usually ascending, the reticulations coarse, lax, prominent; petio- lules of the lower (outer) leaflets 2 to 2.5 cm, of the central ones about 5 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, the rachis stout, bearing numerous stout branches up to 50 cm long, of racemosely arranged umbels, each branch subtended by a lanceolate, coria- ceous, glabrous or slightly furfuraceous bract 3 to 6 cm long; umbels very numerous, their pedicels 1 to 2 cm long, each sub- tended by a lanceolate, acuminate bract 8 to 10 mm long, each umbel with from 15 to 25 fruits, the umbels about 2.5 cm in diameter, the pedicels 6 to 8 mm long, the fruits. ellipsoid to ovoid, 4 to 5 mm long, when dry prominently longitudinally suleate, 6-celled, 5- or 6-seeded. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Sumilao, Bur. Sci. 15776 Fénix, Aug- ust, 1912, along mountain streams, locally known as kamang-kamang; Mount Dilirig, Bur. Sci. 21382 Escritor, July 31, 1913. 204 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 A species probably as closely allied to the common Schefflera insularum Harms as any other species but differing notably in its inflorescence, its habit, and its very prominently reticulate leaflets. SCHEFFLERA NITIDA sp. nov. § Huscheffiera, Heptapleurum. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis palmatim 6-foliolatis, foliolis in siccitate olivaceis, valde nitidis, subcoriaceis, ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 12 cm longis, breviter obtuse acumi- natis, basi subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, tenuibus; in- florescentiis terminalibus, laxis, paniculatis, e basi ramosis, ramis inferioribus usque ad 25 cm longis; floribus 5- vel 6-meris, umbellatis, umbellis longe pedunculatis, in ramis primariis race- mose dispositis. A scandent entirely glabrous shrub reaching a height of 15 m and a diameter of 4cm. Ultimate branches brown when dry, terete, striate, about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 6- foliolate, their petioles brown when dry, about 12 cm long, base enlarged and clasping the stems. Leaflets elliptic to oblong- elliptic, subcoriaceous, olivaceous when dry, the upper surface strongly shining, entire, 9 to 12 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, base subacute; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, slender, distant, the reticula- tions lax; petiolules 3 to 5 cm long. Panicles terminal, branched from the base, the rachis up to 15 cm in length, the primary branches 10 or less, the lower ones up to 25 cm in length, the upper ones shorter. Flowers white, 5- and 6-merous, umbellate, the umbels. racemosely disposed on the primary branches, rather few, distant, and mostly on the upper part of the branches, their peduncles 2.5 to 4 em long, the pedicels 5 to 10 mm long, each umbel with from 7 to 10 flowers. Calyx obconic, truncate, about 3 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm long. Petals 5 or 6, ovate or triangular-ovate, acute, about 2.5 mm long, distinctly 5-nerved, nerves brown. Filaments slender, 3 mm long; anthers broadly elliptic, about one-half as long as the filaments. Ovary 5- or 6-celled. i BASILAN, Singal, near the seashore, altitude 15 meters, For. Bur. 18955 Miranda, September 6, 1912, flowers with a disagreeable odor. A species belonging in the same general group as Schefflera odorata Merr. & Rolfe, differing in its very lax panicles, much elongated branches, and long peduncled umbels. SCHEFFLERA PALAWANENSIS sp. nov. § Euschefflera, Heptapleurum. Frutex suberectus, 3 ad 4 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis palmatim 7- vel 8-foliolatis, foliolis subcoriaceis, integris, oblongo-ellipticis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice breviter acute acuminatis, usque ad 12 cm x, 38 Merrill: New Species of Schefflera 205 longis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, distinctis, reticulis prominen- tibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, ramis primariis numerosis, usque ad 12 cm longis, cinereo-pubescentibus; fruc- tibus 3- vel 4-locellatis, 5 mm longis, umbellatis, umbellis breviter pedunculatis, in ramis primariis racemose dispositis. A suberect shrub, apparently starting as an epiphyte, 3 to 4 m high. Branches terete, grayish-brown, wrinkled when dry, 8 to 10 mm in diameter. Leaves palmately 7- or 8-foliolate, their petioles 18 to 15 cm long, base expanded and clasping the stems; leaflets oblong-elliptic, subcoriaceous, rather pale when dry, dull, entire, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the sharply acuminate apex, 7 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm wide; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct, the reticulations evident on the lower surface; petiolules 2 to 5 em long. Panicles terminal, about 12 cm long, rather uni- formly cinereous-pubescent with short hairs, the rachis about 5 em long, the branches numerous, alternate, spreading, the lower ones up to 12 cmin length. Flowers umbellate, apparently 3- and 4-merous, few in each umbel, the umbels racemosely arranged on the primary branches, short-peduncled. Fruits pale-yellow, fleshy, when dry about 5 mm long, more or less longitudinally sulcate, 3- or 4-celled, 3 to 5 in each umbel, the pedicels about 2 mm long, pubescent, the peduncles of the umbels 4 mm long or less. PALAWAN, Taytay, in thickets bordering open grasslands at sea level, Merrill 9221, April 20, 1913. Probably as closely allied to Schefflera venulosa Harms as to any other species, distinguished by its 8- and 4-celled fruits, its dense, pubescent panicles, short peduncles and pedicels. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vou. X, No. 3, May, 1915. NEW SPECIES OF EUGENIA By E. D. MERRILL * (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) In Robinson’s consideration of the Philippine Myrtaceae?’ ninety-eight species of Eugenia were recognized. The most im- portant contribution to our knowledge of the Philippine forms, published since that date, is a paper by Elmer®*® in which thirty species of Hugenia are described as new, while two years later eight additional forms were described by him;‘ a very few additional forms have also been characterized by the late Dr. Robinson and by myself. In but very few cases have I been able to match Mr. Elmer’s new species by material secured by other collectors, but among the numerous forms characterized by him I consider that two or three are not specifically distinct from previously described Philippine species, while Hugenia binacag Elm. is identical with Hucalyptus naudiniana F. Muell. In the present paper twenty-two additional species are described as new, bringing the total number of Philippine eugenias up to about 160. There is every reason to believe that future botanical exploration of the Archipelago will greatly increase the list, as botanical collections from little known parts of the Philippines consistently present new forms in this genus. It is decidedly rare that truly indigenous Philippine species of Eugenia can be definitely referred to extra-Philippine forms, either by comparison with authentically named material or by a critical study of descriptions. With few exceptions the only species that can be matched with extra-Philippine material are those cultivated forms that are certainly not native to the Phil- ippines, but which have been purposely introduced, such as Eugenia malaccensis, E. jambos, E. jambolana, E. javanica, and E. aquea. It is certainly to be expected that a critical compar- ison of Philippine types with the types of species described * Assocaite professor of botany, University of the Philippines. ? Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 331-407. * Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1399-1444. “Ibid. 7 (1914) 2343-2358. 132966——4 207 208 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 from that part of Malaya south of the Philippines will lead to the reduction of some of our forms, but the number of such reductions will probably be few. The herbarium of the Bureau of Science at present contains representatives of somewhat over 150 species of extra-Philippine Eugenia, chiefly from the Indo- Malayan region, but it is rare indeed that Philippine specimens can be matched with any of these, except as indicated above for the cultivated forms. A few of our indigenous species are widely distributed in the Archipelago, but the great bulk of them are of restricted distribution, while many are apparently of very local occurrence. EUGENIA BLANCOI sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor alta glabra, ramis remulisque teretibus; foliis oblongo- ellipticis, tenuiter subcaudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, coriaceis, nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, distantibus, vix prominen- tibus; inflorescentiis paniculatis, terminalibus, 2 ad 3 cm longis, e basi ramosis, plus minusve confertis; floribus in triadibus dis- positis, sessilibus, bracteolis nullis vel inconspicuis; calycibus infundibuliformibus, truncatis, circiter 5 mm longis latisque. A tall tree, entirely glabrous, the branches and branchlets terete, grayish or brownish, smooth, the ultimate branchlets 2 mm long or less. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, thickly coria- ceous, rather pale-brownish when dry, shining on both surfaces, 8 to 13 cm long, 3 to 5.5 em wide, narrowed to the acute base and to the rather slender subcaudate-acuminate apex; primary lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distant, ir- regular, not prominent, anastomosing 3 to 7 mm from the margin, forming a somewhat arched marginal nerve, the reticula- tions very lax and faint; petioles about 4mm long. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, 2 to 3 cm long, branched from the base, the branches few, stout, reddish-brown, the flowers white, some- what crowded on the ultimate branchlets. Flowers sessile, in triads on the ultimate branchlets, the bractlets none or very obscure. Calyx-tube reddish-brown when dry, funnel-shaped, about 5 mm long, 5 mm wide at the mouth, truncate, with no evidence of teeth or lobes. Petals wholly united into a calyptra about 5 mm in diameter which falls as a whole. Stamens indef- inite, the filaments slender, 6 to 10 mm in length. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17623 (type) 17492 Ramos, March and April, 1914, on damp forested slopes. The species is dedicated to Father M. Blanco, author of the Flora de Filipinas. It falls in the group with Eugenia robinsonii Elm. and E. brittoniana C. B. Rob., but is entirely different from these species and their allied forms in its very open leaf-venation. X, °C, 3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 209 EUGENIA CALCICOLA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor glabra circiter 8 m alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus tenuibusque; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, in siccitate pallide oli- vaceis, nitidis, oblongo-ellipticis, utrinque angustatis, basi acutis, apice prominente longe subrostrato-acuminatis, utrinque minute glandulosis; nervis lateralibus tenuibus, dense dispositis, pri- mariis numerosis, quam secondariis vix magis prominentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus et in axillis superioribus, 2 ad 3.5 cm longis; floribus sessilibus, in ramulis ultimis confertis; caly- cibus infundibuliformibus, 3.5 ad 4 mm longis, obscure late 4-lobatis. A glabrous tree about 8 m high, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, somewhat brownish, the younger ones very pale- gray and 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, pale-oliva- ceous when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, slightly shining, coriaceous, 3.5 to 6 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, oblong- elliptic, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the prom- inently subrostrate-acuminate apex, the acumen up to 1 cm in length, 2 to 3 mm wide, blunt, both surfaces minutely gland- ular-punctate, the glands very numerous, more prominent on the lower than on the upper surface; petioles reddish-brown, 3 to 5 mm long. Inflorescence cymose, terminal and in the upper axils, 2 to 3.5 cm long, dark-olivaceous when dry, minutely gland- ular, the flowers sessile, white, crowded on the tips of the ulti- mate branchlets, 3 to 7 on each branchlet. Calyx funnel-shaped, 3.5 to 4 mm long, mouth about 2.5 mm in diameter, with 4, very shallow, rounded lobes. Petals entirely united, forming a calyp- tra about 2.5 mm in diameter. Stamens indefinite, 6 to 7 mm long; style about 8 mm long. Bractlets subtending the flowers evident, oblong-ovate, obtuse, persistent, 0.5 to 1 mm long. LuzON, Benguet Subprovince, near Baguio, Merrill 9746, May 16, 1914, in thickets about limestone cliffs and boulders, altitude about 1,300 meters. This species belongs in the group with Eugenia perpallida Merr. and E. parva Merr., but among other characters is distinguished from both by its leaves being distinctly glandular-punctate on both surfaces. EUGENIA CAPOASENSIS sp. nov. § Syzygium. Frutex 1 ad 4 m altus, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oppositis, oblongo-obovatis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis, coriaceis, nitidis, eglandulosis, usque ad 9 cm longis, apice rotun- datis, obtusis vel breviter latissime obtuse acuminatis, basi angustatis, cuneatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 15, te- nuibus, obscuris, quam secundariis vix magis prominentibus; cymis terminalibus, paucifloris, usque ad 6 cm longis, floribus 210 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 in ramulis ultimis solitariis, basi bracteolis 2 crasse coriaceis 1 mm longis persistentibus suffultis; calycis tubo 5 mm longo, truncato vel obscurissime late 4-lobato, deorsum angustato. A shrub 1 to 4 m high, entirely glabrous, the branches and branchletes slender, terete, reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, oblong-obovate to broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 5 to 9 cm long, 1.5 to 3.2 cm wide, eglandular, apex rounded, obtuse, or very broadly, shortly, and obtusely acuminate, base gradually narrowed, cuneate, margins slightly recurved, shining on both surfaces, the upper surface olivaceous, the lower much paler; primary lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure, straight, scarcely more prominent than are the secondary nerves and the reticulations, rather densely dis- posed, more distinct on the upper than on the lower surface; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Cymes terminal or in the uppermost axils, up to 6 cm long, few-flowered, mostly 2- or 3-branched, narrow, the flowers solitary on the ultimate branchlets, the ulti- mate branchlets in pairs or in threes and about 3 mm long. Bracteoles subtending the flowers thickly coriaceous, persistent, ovate, concave, obtuse, about 1 mm long. Calyx narrowly funnel-shaped, about 5 mm long, 3 mm in diameter at the apex, gradually narrowed to the base, tinged with purple when fresh, truncate or with four very broad obscure lobes. Petals and stamens white, the petals united into a calyptra about 2.7 mm in diameter. Stamens numerous. PALAWAN, Malampaya Bay, Mount Capoas, Merrill 9493, April 21, 1913, forming dense thickets on exposed wind-swept ridges in the mossy forest at the summit of the mountain, altitude about 1,000 meters. The alliance of this species is with Hugenia densinervia and E. sabla- nansis, but it is entirely different from both in its appearance and in its vegetative and floral characters. Its eglandular leaves at once distinguish it from Eugenia crassibracteata Merr. EUGENIA CRASSIBRACTEATA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Species EF’. densinerviae Merr. affinis, differt foliis multo bre- vioribus, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, haud 7 cm longis, subtus minute glanduloso-puncticulatis. A tree about 7 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches terete, brownish, the branchlets somewhat olivaceous or brownish, terete, or very obscurely angled. Leaves opposite, brown and shining when dry, oblong-elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, 4 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, apex acute or shortly and obscurely acuminate, base acute, the margins recurved; lateral nerves numerous, very slender, primary not more distinct than the secondary ones, sometimes nearly obsolete; petioles 5 mm long X,©,3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 211 or less. Cymes terminal, peduncled, 3 to 4 cm long, rigid, rather few-flowered, branches ascending. Young fruits ellip- soid, about 7 mm long, sessile or on very short stout pedicels, each subtended by a pair of small, rigid, thick bracteoles, the bracts similar to the bracteoles but slightly larger. LEYTE, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15358 Ramos, August 13, 1912, near the summit of Mount Buraui. A species belonging in the group with Eugenia densinervia Merr. and E, sablanensis Elm., but very different from both in its much smaller leaves which are glandular-puncticulate beneath. EUGENIA CRASSISSIMA sp. nov. § Syzygium? Arbor glabra circiter 14 m alta; foliis crassissime coriaceis, ternis, oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 25 cm longis, apice rotundatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque numerosissimis, tenuibus, confer- tis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, pedunculatis, cymosis, circiter 15 cm diametro, bracteis bracteolisque magnis, persistentibus ; calycibus urceolatis, circiter 1 cm longis, distincte 4-lobatis. A glabrous tree about 14 m high, the branches stout, terete, brown when dry, the ultimate ones about 1 cm in diameter. Leaves verticillate, ternate, very thickly coriaceous, oblong-obo- vate; 18 to 25 cm long, 9 to 11 em wide, apex broadly rounded, base narrowed, cuneate, the upper surface brown when dry, shining, the lower paler; nerves slender, very numerous, densely arranged, more distinct on the upper than on the lower surface. Inflorescence terminal, solitary, peduncled, cymose, about 15 cm in diameter, the peduncles and branches very stout, the lower branches up to 8 cm in length, the flowers crowded on the ultimate branchlets, sessile. Bracts very thickly coriaceous, per- sistent, oblong to ovate, up to 1 cm long, the two bracteoles sub- tending each flower persistent, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 7 mm long or less, rounded, thickly coriaceous, persistent. Calyx about 1 cm long, urceolate, the lobes 4, reniform, about 4 mm wide and 2 mm long. LEYTE, near Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15387 Ramos, August 22, 1912, in forests, Mount Ibuni. A most characteristic species, entirely different from all other Philippine forms. It is easily recognized by its large, ternate, very thickly coriaceous, densely nerved leaves. EUGENIA CAUDATIFOLIA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Frutex glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oblongo- lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, breviter petiolatis, coriaceis, usque ad 35 cm longis, nitidis, basi rotundatis, distincte cordatis, sursum gradatim angustatis, longe tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 30 ad 35, subtus valde prominentibus; inflorescentiis 212 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 terminalibus, paniculatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, e basi ramosis; floribus sessilibus, in ramulis ultimis in triadibus dispositis; calycibus 5 ad 6 mm longis, truncatis, infundibuliformibus. A glabrous shrub about 2 m high fide Wenzel, the branches and branchlets rather slender, terete, or a little compressed at the nodes, grayish- to reddish-brown, smooth, the ultimate ones 3 mm in diameter or less. Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 28 to 35 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide, pale-olivaceous when dry, shining on both surfaces, base slightly narrowed, rounded, distinctly cordate, gradually narrowed from about the middle to the slenderly and sharply caudate-acuminate apex; lateral nerves 30 to 35 on each side of the midrib, spreading, slightly curved, very prominent on the lower surface, anastomos- ing in a marginal nerve, 3 to 5 mm from the margin, the mar- ginal nerve as prominent as the lateral ones. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, up to 12 cm long, many-flowered, branched from the base, the branches few. Flowers sessile, in triads on the ultimate branchlets, the subtending bracteoles broadly ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Calyx funnel-shaped, 5 to 6 mm long, 5 mm in diameter at the throat, truncate, not at all lobed. Co- rolla of wholly united petals forming a calyptra 3 to 3.5 in diam- eter which falls as a whole. Stamens indefinite, the filaments 7 to 9 mm long. LeYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1062 (type), August 25, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters; Bur. Sci. 15178 Ramos from Leyte is manifestly the same species. A very strongly characterized species, readily recognizable by its elon- gated, prominently nerved, cordate, slenderly caudate-acuminate leaves and its terminal paniculate inflorescences. It is most closely allied to Eugenia urdanetensis Elm., of Mindanao, and following Robinson’s arrangement of our forms, falls in the group with Eugenia glaucicalyx Merr. and E. paucivenia C. B. Rob. EUGENIA MARITIMA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor circiter 25 m alta, glabra, ramulis ramulisque tenuibus, teretibus, vel ramulis leviter compressis; foliis oppositis, coria- ceis, oblongo-ellipticis, in siccitate pallidis, usque ad 10 cm longis, utrinque angustatis, basi acutis, apice subtenuiter acuminatis, nervis utrinque numerosis, tenuibus, dense dispositis; inflores- centiis lateralibus, cymosis, breviter pedunculatis, circiter 5 cm longis, calycis tubo circiter 4 mm diametro, truncato, deorsum angustato, 7 mm longo. A glabrous tree about 25 m in height, the trunk covered with purplish or reddish-purple bark in large, thin, papery or mem- branaceous flakes. Branches slender, pale-brownish, terete, the X, C, 8 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 213 branchlets very slender, the ultimate ones about 1 mm in diam- eter, pale or straw-colored, usually terete, sometimes slightly compressed. Leaves opposite, pale when dry, of the same color and somewhat shining on both surfaces,: oblong-elliptic, 6 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the rather slenderly and sharply acuminate apex, minutely glandular-puncticulate on both surfaces; primary lat- eral nerves about 25 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary nerves and reticulations, densely arranged; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescence cymose, lateral, from the branches of the second year’s growth below the leaves, shortly peduncled, about 5 cm long, one or two at a node, the cymes few, branches usually three, the two lateral ones more or less spreading. Flowers white, two or three sessile at the apex of each branchlet. Calyx funnel-shaped, about 7 cm long, mouth truncate, about 4 mm in diameter, with four, broad, short, obscure lobes, the lobes 2.5 to 3 mm wide, less than 0.5 mm long. Calyptra about 5 mm in diameter. Style 1 cm long. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga (Olutanga Island), For. Bur. 13670 Foxworthy, Demesa, & Villamil, May 20, 1912 (type), in forests at the edge of the mangrove, the roots apparently extending into salt water. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Pasacao, For. Bur. 10486 Curran, May, 1908 (sterile), on hills near the sea. A species belonging in the group with Eugenia perpallida Merr. and E. parva Merr., but distinguished from both, among other characters, by its lateral inflorescences. EUGENIA NITIDISSIMA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor glabra circiter 10 m alta, ramis teretibus, brunneis, ramulis tenuibus, acute 4-angulatis; foliis lanceolatis, coriaceis, eglandulosis, usque ad 5 cm longis, basi acutis, apice tenuiter longe caudato-acuminatis, in siccitate pallidis vel brunneis, utrin- que valde nitidis, nervis lateralibus tenuissimis, obscuris; cymis terminalibus et in axillis superioribus, usque ad 3 cm longis; calycibus in siccitate glaucescentibus, 4 ad 5 mm longis, verru- culosis, breviter 5-lobatis. A glabrous tree about 10 m high, the branches slender, terete, reddish brown, the branchlets reddish-brown, rather sharply 4-angled, very slender, mostly 1 mm in diameter or less. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, coriaceous, 3 to 5 cm long, 1 to 1.7 cm wide, usually rather pale when dry or the upper surface brownish, both surfaces strongly shining, very smooth, eglandular, base acute, apex long and slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen straight or slightly falcate, blunt; lateral nerves very slender, 214 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 obscure, scarcely or not at all visible to the naked eye; petioles reddish-brown, 2 to 3 mm long. Cymes terminal and in the upper axils, 1.5 to 3 cm long, the axis and branches 4-angled, pale or brownish in color. Flowers white, mostly in threes on the ultimate branchlets, each with a short pseudostalk. Calyx 4 to 5 mm long, about 1.7 mm in diameter, cylindric, narrowed below to the acute base, glaucous when dry, distinctly verru- culose, the limb with 5 broadly ovate rounded teeth about 0.6 mm in length. Calyptra 2 mm in diameter. Stamens indef- inite, 5 to 7 mm in length. : LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 922 (type), June 25, 1914. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18782 McGregor, June, 1914. NeaGros, For. Bur. 17342 Curran and For. Bur. 21969 Hinolan, both sterile. This very characteristic species is in the alliance with Eugenia zeylanica Wight, but is distinguished at once by its smaller, prominently caudate- acuminate leaves and its distinctly 4-angled branchlets. Among the Phil- ippine species its alliance is with Eugenia glaucicalyx Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by the characters just indicated. It grows in forests from 3800 to 700 meters in altitude. In Negros it is known as manogobahi and manogobinlog. EUGENIA CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor 7 ad 10 m alta, ramis teretibus, ramulis distincte 4-angulatis, griseis vel brunneis; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, niti- dis, usque ad 6 cm longis, obtusis vel acutis, haud acuminatis, nervis lateralibus indistinctis; inflorescentiis floribusque ut in E. nitidissimae. A tree 7 to 10 m high similar and closely allied to Eugenia nitidissima, differing especially in its leaves being obtuse or acute, not acuminate. Branches slender, reddish-brown, terete, the branchlets slender, prominently 4-angled, reddish-brown or grayish. Leaves opposite, oblong, coriaceous, shining, 3.5 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, the upper surface brown or brown- ish-olivaceous, shining, the lower much paler, apex acute to obtuse, not acuminate, base acute, obtuse, or even somewhat rounded; lateral nerves very slender, indistinct; petioles 2 mm long or less. Inflorescence paniculate, about 5 cm long, the ra- chis and branches 4-angled. Flowers in triads on the ultimate branchlets, each with a 2 mm long pseudostalk. Calyx rugose, narrowly oblong-obovoid, narrowed to the acute base, including the pseudostalk 5 to 6 mm long, the mouth about 2.5 mm in diam- eter, the lobes 5, somewhat reniform, rounded, about 1.8 mm wide and 1 mm long. Calyptra about 2.5 mm in diameter. “LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 21875 (type) Velasco, May 8, 1914, in forests, altitude 300 meters, For. Bur. 17153 Curran, March, 1909 (sterile), in fresh water swamps at Boguey. X, 6,3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 915 A species belonging in the group with Eugenia zeylanica Wight and very closely allied to Eugenia nitidissima Merr., from which it differs in its oblong, not lanceolate leaves which are obtuse or merely acute, not at all acuminate; in Hugenia nitidissima Merr. the leaves are lanceolate and prominently caudate-acuminate. EUGENIA PAUCIPUNCTATA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor glabra, 12 ad 15 m alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 7 em longis, nitidis, in siccitate supra brunneis vel olivaceo-brun- neis subtus pallidioribus, paucipunctatis, utrinque subaequaliter -angustatis, basi acutis, apice acute subcaudato-acuminatis; ner- vis lateralibus tenuibus, dense dispositis, subtus distinctis, utrin- que 20 ad 25; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, 4 ad 5 cm longis, floribus sessilibus in ramulis ultimis plus minusve confertis; calycibus infundibuliformibus, circiter 4 mm longis, truncatis. A glabrous tree 12 to 15 m high, the branches and branchlets terete, pale-brown in color, the ultimate ones 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 5 to 7 em long, 1.5 to 2.5 em wide, brownish or olivaceous-brownish when dry, the lower surface more greenish and slightly paler, upper surface eglandular, the lower with scattered distinct glands, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the usually caudate-acuminate apex, the acumen sharp or blunt, 1 to 1.5 cm long; lateral nerves slender but distinct on the lower surface, brownish, densely arranged, 20 to 25 on each side of the midrib, the primary ones scarcely more distinct than the secondary ones and the reticulations, anastomosing and forming a submarginal nerve about 1 mm from the edge of the leaf; petioles reddish- brown, about 7 mm long. Panicles terminal, 4 to 5 cm long, the branches rather stout, rigid, spreading. Flowers sessile and somewhat crowded in triads at the apices of the ultimate branch- lets, the subtending bracteoles obsolete or very small. Calyx purple when fresh, about 4 mm long, 3 mm in diameter at the mouth, somewhat funnel-shaped, truncate, with no vestiges of teeth or lobes, the limb slightly spreading in anthesis. Calyptra about 3 mm in diameter. Stamens numerous, 4 to 6 mm long. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, near Baguio, Phil. Pl. 1709 Merrill, May 16, 1914, in thickets about limestone cliffs and boulders, altitude about 1,300 meters. The type number of this species was distributed as Eugenia calcicola Merr., a species typified by Merrill 9746 from the same locality and habitat. While somewhat resembling Eugenia calcicola Merr. in facies, the present species is entirely different in details, and belongs in the alliance with Eugenia ugoensis C. B. Rob. 216 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 EUGENIA SUBSESSILIFLORA sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor glabra, circiter 15 m alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 10 cm longis, haud glandulosis, nervis lateralibus tenuibus, patulis, indistinctis; floribus axillaribus terminalibusque, solitariis vel in racemis brevissimis paucifloris dispositis, subsessilibus, calycis tubo 15 ad 17 mm longo, sursum circiter 7 mm diametro, deorsum angustato; staminibus nume- rosis, 4 ad 10 mm longis. A glabrous tree about 15 m high, the branches and branchlets reddish-brown, terete, the latter slender, mostly 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, rather pale-olivaceous or greenish when dry, shining, lower surface slightly paler than the upper, 6 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the rather prom- inently acuminate apex, not at all glandular on either surface; lateral nerves very slender, spreading, indistinct, at least 20 on each side of the midrib, scarcely more distinct than the secondary nerves and reticulations; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers white, axillary and terminal, mostly solitary, rarely in very short, about 3-flowered racemes, subsessile, the pedicels, when present, not exceeding 2 mm in length. Calyx 15 to 17 mm long in anthesis, about 7 mm in diameter at the apex, gradually nar- rowed downward to the acute base, the limb irregularly lobed, the lobes about 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, deciduous. Calyptra about 6 mm in diameter, the interior petals orbicular-ovate, about 3 mm in diameter, apparently free. Stamens indefinite, 4 to 10 mm long. Fruit pink when fresh, 1.7 to 2 cm long, 6 to 8 mm in diameter, club-shaped, truncate, narrowed from about the middle to the acute base. Samar, Ambalate, Phil. Pl. 1679 Ramos, April, 1914 (type), in forests. LEYTE, Buenavista near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 942, July 3, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. This species manifestly belongs in the group with Eugenia claviflora Roxb., but is at once distinguished by its solitary or subsolitary, nearly sessile flowers. The inflorescence and eglandular leaves distinguish it at once from Eugenia wenzelit Merr. EUGENIA ALCINAE sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, glabra, ramis ramulisque gracilis, teretibus; foliis ovatis ad oblongis, coriaceis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, utrinque minute glanduloso-puncticulatis, usque ad 7 em longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acu- minatis, nervis utrinque numerosis, tenuibus, indistinctis, dense X,C,3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 217 dispositis; cymis terminalibus et in axilis superioribus, usque ad 6 cm longis; floribus parvis, calycis tubo truncato, circiter 4 mm longo. A tree about 15 m high, entirely glabrous, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, reddish-brown, or the branchlets pale in color. Leaves opposite, ovate to oblong-elliptic or oblong, 4 to 7 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, coriaceous, pale, of the same color, uniformly shining and glandular-puncticulate on both surfaces when dry, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the distinctly acuminate apex, the acumen short or somewhat elon- gated, blunt; lateral nerves numerous, slender, indistinct, densely arranged, the primary ones about 20 on each side of the midrib, scarcely more prominent than are the secondary ones and the inter-reticulations; petioles 7 to 14 mm long. Inflorescence cy- mose, the cymes numerous, terminal and in the uppermost axils, up to 6 cm in length, many-flowered. Flowers mostly in pairs or in threes on the ultimate branchlets, the calyx purplish, the stamens straw-colored, the subtending bracteoles oblong-ovate, acute or obtuse, 1 mm long or less, deciduous. Calyx about 2.5 mm in diameter, truncate, including the pseudostalk about 4 mm long, cup-shaped or somewhat funnel-shaped, the pseudostalk usually about 1.5 mm long. Calyptra 1.8 mm in diameter, consisting of two separate parts, the inner part quite free from the outer and readily separating from it. Stamens numerous, the filaments 2 to 3 mm long. Style 2 mm long. Fruit when fresh globose, dark-purple, smooth, the pulp edible, somewhat mealy, with a fair flavor, when dry 5 to 7 mm in diameter. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9224 (type), 9316, April 10 and May 22, 1913, the former in flower, the latter, from the same tree, in fruit, in forests and along the margins of forests, sea level to 15 meters altitude, common. ’ The duplicates of the specimens were probably distributed as Eugenia saligna C. B. Rob., but the species is entirely different from that one. Its alliance is with Eugenia calcicola Merr. which it greatly resembles, but from which it is at once distinguished by its smaller flowers, longer petioles, its double calyptra, much shorter stamens, and quite truncate calyx, the limb not at all lobed or toothed. Dedicated to Father F. I. Alcina, author of a very early, but as yet unpublished manuscript on the natural history of the Philippines. EUGENIA EUPHLEBIA sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis longe petio- latis, oblongis, coriaceis, in siccitate subolivaceis vel pallidis, nitidis, usque ad 14 cm longis, utrinque acuminatis, nervis utrin- que circiter 12, supra impressis, subtus valde prominentibus; 218 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 inflorescentiis paniculatis, pyramidatis, circiter 10 cm longis la- tisque; floribus magnis, calycibus infundibuliformibus, lobis 4, magnis, subpersistentibus. A glabrous tree, size not indicated by the collector, the branches and branchlets pale, terete, the latter slender, the ultimate ones 2 mm in diameter or less. Leaves opposite, oblong, coriaceous, pale or subolivaceous when dry, shining, the lower surface always pale, 9 to 13 cm long, 3 to 4.5 em wide, subequally narrowed to the acuminate base and apex; lateral nerves about 13 on each side of the midrib, impressed on the upper surface, very prom- inent on the lower surface, nearly straight, rather irregular, anastomosing and forming a very prominent, slightly undulate marginal nerve on each side 2 to 4 mm from the leaf-margin; petioles 2 to 3 cm long. Panicles terminal or terminating short branches, pyramidal, about 10 cm long and wide, the branches rather few, spreading. Flowers large, one-jointed, immediately under the calyx, to each ultimate branchlet, the ultimate branch- lets mostly in threes. Calyx-tube about 1.5 cm long and wide, funnel-shaped, brown when dry, smooth, the lobes subpersistent, coriaceous, broadly ovoid, rounded, about 1 cm long and wide. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Cadig, near Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20782 Escritor, March 7, 1918, locally known as macopa. A species strongly characterized by its rather long-petioled, very prom- inently nerved leaves, its pyramidal panicles, and its large flowers. Fol- lowing Robinson’s arrangement of the Philippine species it falls in the group with Eugenia squamifera C. B. Rob., but is entirely different from this and the other species placed near it. EUGENIA FISCHERI sp. nov. § Jambosa. Frutex glaber, 2 ad 7 m altus, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis lanceolatis, oppositis, petiolatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, acu- minatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 10; floribus termin- alibus, solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 3 cm diametro, calycibus turbinatis, prominente 4-lobatis, pedicellis brevibus bracteolis vel squamis paucis 1 ad 2 mm longis suffultis. A glabrous shrub 2 to 7 m high, the branches and branchlets terete, rather slender, reddish-brown or somewhat grayish, the ultimate ones 1 to 2mm in diameter. Leaves lanceolate, opposite, coriaceous, usually olivaceous on the upper surface and pale on the lower surface when dry, shining, 7 to 10 cm long, 1 to 1.5 em wide, narrowed below to the acute base and above to the slender and rather sharply acuminate apex; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, distant, straight, rather prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing in submarginal nerves, petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Flowers white, solitary, terminal, very rarely X, C, 3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 219 also axillary, their pedicels supplied with several irregularly arranged ovate to lanceolate bracteoles or scales which are usually 1 to 2 mm long, acuminate, rarely a linear one up to 5 mm in length present. Buds obovoid. Flowers at least 3 cm in diameter. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, about 1 cm long, in anthesis nearly 1.5 cm wide at the mouth, brown when dry, the lobes 4, ovate to reniform, about 5 mm long and 10 mm wide. Petals 4, free, suborbicular to obovate, about 12 mm long. Stamens very numerous, 1.5 to 2 cm long. LUZON, Province of Camarines, Pinamahagan, For. Bur. 21755 Fischer (type), April 16, 1914; Tamban River, For. Bur. 21228 Alvarez, April 4, 1914, Mount Sipaco, For. Bur. 21153 Miranda, April 4, 1914. The first specimen cited is from gravel bars of a stream bed and the other two from the banks of streams, altitude 10 to 80 meters. The species is manifestly another representative of the stenophyllous type of shrubs growing along streams in habitats subject to inundation. It is apparently most closely allied to Hugenia squamifera C. B. Rob., but has entirely different, much narrower leaves and solitary flowers. Mr. Fischer records its Bicol name as milibig. EUGENIA KAMELII sp. nov. § Jambosa? Arbor alta glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nitidis, in siccitate supra brun- neis, subtus pallidis, abrupte late breviterque acuminatis, basi rotundatis; nervis utrinque circiter 10, vix prominentibus; flor- ibus fasciculatis, axillaribus et in axillis defoliatis, circiter 3 cm diametro, calycis tubo turbinato, extus parcissime pubescens. A tall tree, glabrous, the branches and branchlets terete, gray- ish or brownish, the latter 2 to 4 mm in diameter. Leaves ellip- tic, opposite, coriaceous, 15 to 20 cm long, 9 to 12 cm wide, shining when dry, the upper surface dark-brown, the lower much paler, apex abruptly, broadly, obtusely short-acuminate, base rounded; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, irregular, anastomosing 1 to 1.5 cm from the margin, the prim- ary reticulations very lax, not prominent. Flowers white, axil- lary, and on the branches below the leaves, fascicled, subsessile or shortly pedicelled, in anthesis about 3 cm in diameter. Buds obovoid. Calyx-tube turbinate, externally slightly pubescent with scattered short hairs, about 1 cm long, with four large, persistent, orbicular-reniform lobes about 5 mm long and wide. Petals 4, elliptic to obovate, 10 to 12 mm long, rounded. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17539 Ramos, March 26, 1914, in damp forests. A species perhaps belonging in the section Hueugenia rather than Jam- bosa, well characterized by its large, rather obscurely nerved, elliptic leaves, its terete branches and branchlets, and its fascicled sessile or subsessile 220 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 flowers which in anthesis are about 3 cm in diameter. It somewhat resembles Eugenia samarensis Merr., but is entirely different from that species. Its true alliance seems to be with Eugenia aherniana C. B. Rob., but it is very different from the other species placed in this alliance. Its local name in Samar is damol. Dedicated to G. J. Kamel, S. J., one of the earliest investigators of the Philippine flora and perhaps the most able botanist who studied the Philippine flora during the Spanish régime. EUGENIA LLANOSII sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis numerosis, confertis, coriaceis, ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, us- que ad 5 cm longis, coriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, utrinque angustatis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, tenuibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, brevi- bus, paucifloris, floribus 4-meris, magnis, confertis, 3.5 ad 4 cm diametro. A tree about 10 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches and branchlets terete, smooth, brownish. Leaves opposite, numerous, rather crowded on the branchlets, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, coria- ceous, brownish when dry, somewhat shining, 3 to 5 cm long, 2 to 2.8 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the obtuse or merely acute apex; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, not prominent. Inflorescence terminal, short, few- (usually 3-) flowered, the rachis less than 1 cm in length. Flowers large, 4-merous, the buds obovoid, brown when dry. Calyx widely funnel-shaped, about 1.3 cm in diameter and 1 cm long in anthesis, the lobes four, 4 to 7 mm wide and about 3 mm long. Petals 4, free, orbicular, about 1 cm in diameter. Stamens indefinite, about 1.5 cm long. The flower, in anthesis, white, 3.5 to 4 cm in diameter. LUZON, Benguet Subprovince, near Baguio, Merrill 9704, May 24, 1914, in thickets, limestone region, altitude about 1,300 meters. A species in the group with Eugenia everettii C. B. Rob. and E. xantho- phylla C. B. Rob., well characterized and differentiated by its crowded leaves which are very much smaller that in those species, and its terminal, short, usually 3-flowered inflorescences. Dedicated to Father A. Llanos, colleague of Father Blanco and the author of several papers on the Philippine flora. EUGENIA LONGISTYLA sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acu- minatis, supra brunneis, nitidis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrinque 8 vel 9, distantibus, subtus valde prominentibus, anastomosan- tibus, reticulis primariis laxis, distinctis, secundariis obsoletis; ' MERRILL: BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES.) (Pum. Journ. Scr. X, C. No. 3 Po eerne is TRE BLOM ACE OE SA II! ahaa 7" ine" y 119” 120° 21" 122° 123° j 124° 125° 126° | | | Laoa | 12° BASHI CHANNEL — 18° MAP i a OF me 2 LANDS ae PHILIPPINE ISLANDS : 17°\— SCALE 1: 4000000 17° e a + —-t20° oe SCALE bob coast fis af 7, 20 = acsmteame’ HAC os | i eee SCALE OF KILOMETERS e's | 0 chs eae tec } gbSorbors | if i evs Vv he? | me QiZCAYA ee LEGEND ee > ~ Regions in which scattering @ collections have been made. @@ y Regions in which INTENSIVE @ 1s collecting has been done ‘== ee for one or more months. Regions in which intensive . collecting has been don oH “A ail or most months of the year. o e "ne : —_ 14° ; p a @> . —14 > ga ‘ he Y a \ : at ios “eng Catanduanes | oO Ye, ties % ——— an 3 qx exe & an ® ‘e® ek ebisgig (* y ; : Batan |. * Vv ee Fp? €) i. Marinduque I. Sy» lbay >Rapurapu |. ron) 3 L — é& é e 4 13° Oo 9 = Burias |. ya = Fal @rordion l, & Tablas © © SBsvuyan I. a | peel o ™~ Busuenga I, x “3 v —12° i Se ae a) Culion’4 \y Me Corda = ps 8 < Tt ae oe o + it San Jose de, © Buenavista fe diodion 8 S é Dinagat |. 10° |}-— yg’ an 10° 5 : iy Le Siargao lt. Puerto Princesa Surigag® 3 6 G3 : é° wg Bucas Grandek 9° |— Siquijor |. — or MINDANAO SEA < “1} Bugésuk |, Ss U L U Ss E A rh OF S 8° SB oeetee I. oe _| g° rf — € _§ 2 a od eet 4 eae cs o- Banduey | CM ee € yt re £ Loe Gs ¥ aR Cagayan Sulu |. : $ ? ee 1 carne (A 9 : Oe e ; } LU ; =F SES Samal. % : ™ a . 3! 6 Gee> % : \ @,; Basilsn |. > ; on . ° DISTR . : Pangutarang LL 0 e 9 + an e, oF: oe. ' 6° |— BaP ae ? Laparan 1. 9.9 b> Citas ae == ! BS ibd a Oy a : te j a Siasi | » / —CliédS Ce LEB Bos Se + | < Balut | B 0 Tawitawi |. bees pee : “on @ 6 a r e nee s° ‘ a uv Pe ® . $¥ | ! 5 #5 uf ee 1 | | | | ; oe ns cn 119° 120° 121° 122° 123° 124° 125° 126° 3 a a a ee ea Reduced from Map of Philippine Istands by John Bech PLATE |. THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, SHOWING THE PROGRESS OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION, x, C, 3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 231 inflorescentiis e ramis vetustioribus, brevibus, paucifloris; caly- cis tubo circiter 1 cm longo, ore 1 cm diametro, inaequaliter 4-lobato. A glabrous tree about 10 m high, the branches and branchlets terete, brownish, the latter smooth, very slender, the ultimate ones 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Leaves opposite, subcoriaceous, ob- long to oblong-elliptic, 7 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 5 em wide, sub- equally narrowed to the acute base and to the acuminate apex, the upper surface brown when dry, somewhat shining, the lower much paler; lateral nerves usually 8 or 9 on each side of the midrib, impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, distant, curved, anastomosing 3 to 6 mm from the margin, the marginal nerves as prominent as the lateral ones, somewhat arched, the primary reticulations lax, prominent, the secondary ones obsolete; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Flowers in very short, widely scattered, few-flowered inflorescences on the older branches, the rachis and branches less than 1 cm long, ap- parently 3 to 5 flowers in each inflorescence. Calyx-tube brown, narrowly funnel-shaped, about 1 cm long, 1 cm in diameter at the mouth, narrowed below to the acute base, the lobes 4, unequal, two ovate or suborbicular and 6 to 7 mm long, two subreniform, about 5 mm wide and 2 to3 mm long. Style 3 cm long. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17910 Barros, November, 1912, in dense forests, altitude about 20 meters, the fruits edible. Local name lobaggan. A species well characterized by its prominently nerved leaves and its very short, few-flowered inflorescences which are widely scattered on the older branches. It falls in the group with Eugenia squamifera and E. zanthophylla in Robinson’s arrangement of the Philippine species, but is entirely different from these and the other forms placed here. EUGENIA MIRANDAE sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor circiter 5 m alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis sessilibus, ellipticis vel orbiculari-ellipticis, crassissime coriaceis, brunneis, nitidis, usque ad 7 cm longis, apice rotundatis ad ob- tusis, basi rotundatis ad distincte cordatis, nervis primariis utrin- que circiter 14, tenuibus, quam secundariis reticulisque vix magis distinctis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, 5 ad 8 cm longis, pauci- floris, cymosis; floribus in triadibus dispositis, calycibus infun- dibuliformibus, circiter 4 mm longis, distincte 4-lobatis. A tree about 5 m high, glabrous, the branches and branchlets terete, smooth, the ultimate branchlets 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Leaves very thickly coriaceous, sessile, brown and shining when dry, brittle, orbicular-elliptic, 5 to 7 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, 222 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 shining, apex rounded to somewhat obtuse, base rounded to dis- tinctly cordate; primary lateral nerves slender, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary ones and the reticulations, about 14 on each side of the midrib, rather densely arranged. Inflores- cence terminal, 5 to 8 cm long, 4 or 5 primary branches termin- ating each branchlet, flower bearing only in the upper part, the flowers cymosely arranged, few, in triads on the ultimate branch- lets. Flowers sessile, the bracteoles obscure or obsolete. Calyx- tube somewhat funnel-shaped, about 4 mm long, in bud obovoid, narrowed below, the lobes 4, about 1.5 mm wide and 1 mm long or less. Petals orbicular to ovate, 2.5 to 3 mm long, apparently ultimately free. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Mount Calisuga, For. Bur. 21687 Mi- randa, April 24, 1914, in mossy forest at the summit, altitude about 700 meters. A species well characterized by its very thickly coriaceous, sessile leaves with rather densely arranged nerves and which are rounded at both ends or the base distinctly cordate. It somewhat resembles Eugenia congesta Merr., but is quite different in the characters of its leaves and inflorescence. EUGENIA PALLIDIFOLIA sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oppositis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 11 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis ; nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8, subtus valde prominentibus ; floribus (semper?) terminalibus, solitariis, brevissime pedicel- latis, calycis tubo cupulato, circiter 1.5 cm longo, distincte 4-lobato. A glabrous tree, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, usually grayish, the branchlets sometimes reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 7 to 11 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, pale when dry, shining, eglandular, the lower surface much paler than the upper, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the rather prominently acuminate apex; lateral nerves prominent on the lower surface, distant, about 8 on each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing with the equally prominent and slightly undulate marginal nerves 3 to 4mm from the edge of the leaf, reticulations very slender; petioles 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers terminal, solitary (always?), rather large, very shortly pedicellate, the pedicel subtended by several pairs of ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, 1 to 2 mm long scales or bracts. Calyx cup-shaped, pale-brown when dry, glandular-punctate, about 1.5 cm long and at least as thick, the limb very slightly spreading or recurved, and with four rounded lobes wider than long, 5 to 6 mm wide, 3 to 4 mm long. Style 2.5 cm long. X, C3 Merrill: New Species of Eugenia 223 LUZON, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16588, 20489 (type) Ramos, September, 1912, and February, 1913, the former with buds, the latter with old flowers. A species allied to Eugenia everettii C. B. Rob., from which it is dis- tinguished by its pale, fewer nerved leaves which are different in shape. EUGENIA SAMARENSIS sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor alta, glabra, ramis ramulisque crassis, ramulis quadran- gularis; foliis brevissime petiolatis, coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis ad anguste obovato-ellipticis, usque ad 35 cm longis, apice bre- viter late acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel obscure cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, subtus valde prominentibus; floribus fas- ciculatis, e ramis defoliatis, circiter 3.5 cm diametro. A tall tree, entirely glabrous, the branches and branchlets stout, the former terete or obscurely angled, the latter distinctly 4-angled, brownish or grayish. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to narrowly cbovate-elliptic, 30 to 35 cm long, about 14 cm wide, shining when dry, the upper surface brown, the lower much paler, apex abruptly and broadly acuminate, base rounded or obscurely cordate; lateral nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, nearly straight, somewhat ascending, irregular, anastomosing 6 to 9 mm from the margin to form very prominent, somewhat arched marginal nerves, with a secondary, much fainter sub- marginal nerve nearer the margins, the reticulations prominent, lax; petioles very stout, 2 mm long or less. Flowers white, nu- merous, fascicled on the branches below the leaves, the pedicels stout, up to 8 mm in length. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, about 5 mm long and wide, the lobes persistent, orbicular, rounded, about 5 mm long and wide. Petals orbicular-obovate, about 1 cm long. Stamens very numerous, up to 2 cm in length. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Phil. Pl. 1671 Ramos, April, 1914, in forests along streams. This striking species is well characterized by its large, prominently nerved leaves, but especially by its fascicled, numerous, rather large flowers which are arranged on the branches below the leaves. In Robinson’s key to the Philippine species it falls in the group with Eugenia gigantifolia Merr., but is entirely different from this species, and all others placed near it, in its fascicled flowers. EUGENIA TAYTAYENSIS sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, glabra, ramis vetustioribus teretibus, junioribus ramulisque prominente acute quadrangulatis; foliis oppositis, oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad leviter cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus prominentibus, distantibus; paniculis termina- 132966 5 ; 224 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 libus, usque ad 10 cm longis dense multifloris; floribus sessilibus, calycibus infundibuliformibus, circiter 5 mm longis, 4-lobatis. A tree about 15 m high, glabrous, the older branches terete, grayish, the younger ones and the ultimate branchlets sharply and prominently 4-angled, almost winged. Leaves opposite, oblong, coriaceous, 10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 5 em wide, the upper surface brownish or olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, the lower somewhat paler, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded to somewhat cordate; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, irregular; anastomosing and forming a distinct marginal nerve 3 to 5 mm from the edge of the leaf, the reticulations rather lax; petioles 2 mm long or less. Panicles terminal, dense, many-flowered, branched from the base, up to 10 cm long and as wide or wider than long. Flowers white, odorless, crowded, mostly in triads on the ultimate branchlets, sessile, the buds obovoid. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, about 5 mm long, 3 to 3.5 mm wide at the mouth, narrowed below into a short pseudostalk, dark-brown when dry, the lobes 4, reniform to ovate-reniform, about 2 mm wide and 1 mm long. Petals 4, free, concave, orbicular to orbicular-obovate, 4 to 5 mm long. Stamens indefinite, 5 to 8 mm long. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9201, April 29, 1913, in forests at low al- - titudes. This species is strongly marked by its sharply 4-angled branchlets, and its densely many-flowered terminal panicles. Following Robinson’s arrange- ment of the Philippine forms it falls in the group with Eugenia barnesii Merr., but is entirely different from that species in all characters. EUGENIA TRIANTHA sp. nov. § Jambosa. Arbor glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oppositis, breviter petiolatis, oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, coriaceis, usque ad 16 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus valde prom- inentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, trifloris, sessilibus vel subsessilibus; floribus subsessilibus, calycibus circiter 1 cm longis, 1.5 cm diametro, prominente 4-lobatis. A glabrous tree, the branches and branchlets terete, grayish, slender, the latter 2 mm in diameter or less. Leaves opposite, oblong to oblong-obovate, 9 to 16 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, rather pale when dry, shining, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the acuminate apex; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, somewhat ascending, very prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing in the marginal nerve 4 to 8 mm from the edge of the leaf; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Inflorescence X,C, 3 Merrill: New Species of Hugenia 225 terminal, of three subsessile flowers on short stout pedicels, the pedicels 2 mm long or less. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, rounded below, about 1 cm long, the mouth about 1.5 cm in diameter. Lobes 4, subcoriaceous, somewhat reniform, about 8 mm wide and 4 mm long. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Mount Naupit, For. Bur. 20558 Mi- randa, August 10, 1913, altitude about 100 meters. The alliance of this species is apparently with Hugena crassipes C. B. Rob., but the leaves and inflorescence are very different from those of that species. From Eugenia megalantha C. B. Rob. it differs in its terminal inflorescence. [Vol. X, Sec. C, Nos. 1 and 2, including pages 1 to 157, were issued April 23 and April 28, respectively. ] THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BOTANY Vou. X JULY, 1915 No. 4 STUDIES ON PHILIPPINE ANONACEAE, I By E. D. MERRILL * (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The family Anonaceae is well represented in the Philippines, and current collections present rather a high percentage of novel- ties in this family. No attempt has been made here critically to study all the Philippine species, but merely to describe some of the apparently new forms in our abundant accumulated ma- terial, and to discuss some questions of nomenclature in regard to both genera and species. Twenty-four new species are proposed in the genera Uvaria, Alphonsea, Dasymaschalon, Meiogyne, Polyalthia, Mitrephora, Pseuduvaria, Orophea, and Goniothalamus. The designation Desmos of Loureiro is used in place of Unona for the oriental species, excluding the section Dasymaschalon which is here treated as a distinct genus. The genus recently described by Diels from New Guinean material as Papualthia is found to be represented in the Philippines by six species previously described under Polyalthia and Unona. In studying this Philippine Papualthia material, my attention was again called to the species of the Mariana Islands described by Safford as Papualthia mariannae and by me erroneously referred to Polyalthia, with the result that I have proposed to make Papualthia mariannae Safford the type of a new genus Guamia, its alliance being rather with Oncodostigma than with Papualthia. Griffithianthus is proposed as a new generic name for Griffithia Maingay, not of Wight and Arnott, and the genus is extended to the Philippines by the transfer of Mitrephora merrillit C. B. Rob. and the reduction of M. viridifolia Elm. * Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 133906 227 228 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Following Boerlage, Meiogyne is recognized as a distinct genus. The genus Pseuduvaria of Miquel, considered by Boerlage as a section of Mitrephora under the name of Para-Orophea, is re- cognized as a valid genus intermediate between Orophea and Mitrephora in floral characters but differing from both in being diecious. The generic designations new to the Philippine flora are Desmos, Dasymaschalon, Papualthia, Griffithianthus, Meio- gyne, and Pseuduvaria. Two of the species described by Blanco that have previously been considered as doubtful have been de- finitely identified and the synonymy has been adjusted. UVARIA Linnaeus UVARIA LANCIFOLIA sp. nov. Frutex ut videtur scandens, partibus junioribus ferrugineopu- bescentibus, vetustioribus subglaber; foliis lanceolatis, subcoria- ceis, nitidis, acuminatis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 18, prominentibus; floribus longe pedicellatis, circiter 1.8 cm diametro, extra-axillaribus sub- terminalibusque, paucis; connectivo truncato, vix producto. A shrub, apparently scandent, when young distinctly pubes- cent with short, stellate, ferruginous hairs, in age becoming nearly glabrous. Branches terete, slender, dark-colored when dry, somewhat glaucous, the young branchlets ferruginous-pubes- cent. Leaves subcoriaceous, lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 em wide, narrowed upward to the rather prominently acuminate apex, the base narrowed, obtuse to rounded, the upper surface greenish-olivaceous, shining, when mature entirely glab- rous, the lower surface sparingly pubescent; lateral nerves 12 to 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, not prominent; petioles about 38 mm long, puberulent. Flowers reddish-brown, extra-axillary and subterminal, solitary or in greatly reduced, 2- or 3-flowered cymes, all parts ferruginous-pubescent, the pedicels 1.5 to 2 cm with a prominent bracteole at about the middle. Sepals broadly ovate, united below, pubescent, obtuse, about 5 mm long. Petals subequal, spreading, elliptic-ovate, about 8 mm long, 6 mm wide, rounded or obtuse, pubescent. Stamens indefinite, about 4 mm long, linear-oblong, connective but slightly produced, truncate, somewhat oblique. Carpels crowded, linear-oblong, pubescent, about 4mm long. Fruits glabrous or nearly so, globose to ellip- soid-ovoid, about 1 cm long. LuzoN, Province of Zambales, San Antonio, F. C. Gates 5495 (type), 6647, January and December, 1913, collected by Arizo and Canonizado in x, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 229 the Casagtan forest, its local, Ilocano, name being al-alagat; Subic, Hallier s. mn. Perhaps referable here is a fruiting specimen from the District of Zamboanga, Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 16394 Reillo, October, 1912. A species in aspect very different from the other known Philippine forms, distinguished by its rather long pediceled, rather small flowers, its prom- inently nerved, lanceolate leaves, and in being nearly glabrous at full maturity. UVARIA ELLIPTIFOLIA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, prominente ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, apice retusis rotundatis vel late obscure acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad leviter cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, valde prominentibus; floribus extra- axillaribus, circiter 5 cm diametro, solitariis vel paucis, sepalis deorsum valde connatis, petalis utrinque cinereopuberulis; con- nectivo longe producto. A scandent shrub, apparently of large size, the young branches, inflorescences, and leaves, especially on the lower surface, very prominently and rather densely ferruginous-pubescent with stel- late hairs. Older branches dark-colored, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, 10 to 15 cm long, 6 to 9 em wide, brown- ish or brownish-olivaceous when dry, apex retuse, rounded, to broadly and obscurely acuminate, base rounded to somewhat cordate, the upper surface ferruginous stellate-pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves, the indumentum on the surface other- wise somewhat deciduous, the lower surface more densely pubes- cent than the upper; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles densely ferruginous-pubescent, 3 to5 mm long. Flowers yellowish-brown, extra-axillary, solitary or two or three together, the pedicels 1 cm long or less, densely ferruginous-pubescent as is also the reniform, somewhat amplexicaul bracteole which is about 10 mm wide and 6 mm long. Calyx pubescent, the lobes united below, reniform, rounded, 5 to 6 mm long and 6 to 10 mm wide. Petals subequal, subelliptic, on both sides densely cine- reous-puberulent, or externally, when young, yellowish or fer- ruginous, rounded, about 2 cm long and 1.4 cm wide. Stamens indefinite, closely packed, about 5 mm long, the outer ones some- what shorter than the inner, and the outermost reduced to staminodes, linear-oblong, the antheriferous part about as long as the connective which is flattened, oblong, obtuse, about 1 mm wide and 2.5 mm long, the apex obscurely obliquely truncate, puberulent. Carpels numerous, linear-oblong; densely pubes- cent, about 5 mm long, the stigma thickened, short, glabrous. 230 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Mature fruits said to be edible, oblong-cylindric, glabrous, about 1.5 em long and 1 em in diameter when dry, each with from 2 to 4 seeds, the pedicels about 3 cm long, the thickened receptacle about 2.5 cm in diameter. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18878 McGregor (type), June, 1914, in forests, altitude about 300 meters. NerGrROs, in dense forests, For. Bur. 7331 Everett, January, 1907, locally known as saguin-saguin. A species well characterized by its elliptic leaves, its rather dense, ferru- ginous, stellate indumentum, and its prominently produced, thin, flattened, puberulent connectives. UVARIA LEYTENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Unona leytensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1744. Luzon, Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 87 Barnes, For. Bur. 2051 Borden, Merrill $301: Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 19781 Whitford. Leyte, Elmer 7865, distributed as Unona ebracteolata Presl. MINDANAO, Province of Agusan, Elmer 13880 (type): District of Zam- boanga, Hallier. All of the above specimens are in fruit, and all are manifestly Uvaria, not Unona. They have the characteristic fleshy fruits of Uvaria, the scandent habit, and the very few hairs that are present are stellate. From the material available I can see little reason for distinguishing Uvaria nudistellata Elm. from U. leytensis Merr., but the specimens are not directly comparable, the type of the former being in fruit, and of the latter in flower, and of which I have seen merely young buds. Another close ally is Uvaria stellata Merr. The alliance of the species is certainly with the Javan Uvaria concava T. & B., which has fruits 4 to 8 cm in length, while our species has fruits less than 4 cm long. Still another very closely allied form is Uvaria lurida Hook f. & Th. UVARIA SIBUYANENSIS Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1918) 1747. This species was based on Elmer 12822 from the Island of Sibuyan, and must be excluded from the genus, as it is not a Uvaria. The flowers are unknown, and until the species is again collected and with flowers, its generic position remains doubtful. It apparently belongs in Goniothalamus. UVARIA MICRANTHA (A. DC.) Hook. f. & Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 103; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 26, t. 18; Finet & Gagnep. in Lecomte Fl. Gén. Inde-Chine 1 (1907) 54. Guatteria micrantha A. DC. Mém. Anon. (1832) 42. LuzON, Province of Batangas, Bur. Sci. 22403 Ramos, August, 1915. MINpboRO, Puerto Galera, Merrill 3345, October, 1903. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9271, May, 1913. Panay, Bur. Sci. 21231 Escritor, June, 1913, all from low altitudes, on or near the seashore. This species is reported from Burma, Indo-China, Penang, Malacca, and Sumatra, and its range is now extended to the Philippines by the identifica- tion of several specimens from the Archipelago. Our material agrees with the descriptions, the figure, and specimens from Indo-China identified by Finet & Gagnepain as Uvaria micrantha Hook. f. & Th. x, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 231 GRIFFITHIANTHUS nomen novum Griffithia Maingay non Wight & Arnott. The generic name Griffithia of Maingay was not published until 1893, and then by King’ from Griffith’s manuscript, al- though characterized by Maingay many years earlier. The type of the genus is Polyalthia magnoliaeflora Maingay ex Hook. f. & Th.,’? published with the comment: “referred to a new ge- nus in Maingay’s MSS.” The specific name was altered from Maingay’s magnoliaepetala to magnoliaeflora. The generic designation Griffithia was used in 1834 by Wight and Arnott for a group of rubiaceous plants, and about 14 specific names have been published under Griffithia of Wight & Arnott by various authors. Although Griffithia W. & A. is now consid- ered to be a synonym of Randia, I maintain that the earlier use of the name by Wight & Arnott invalidates Griffithia of Maingay, and accordingly here propose a slight modification of Maingay’s generic name. The genus has three species in the Malay Peninsula and at least one in the Philippines. GRIFFITHIANTHUS MAGNOLIAEFLORUS (Maingay) comb. nov. Polyalthia magnoliaeflora Maingay ex Hook. f. & Th. in Hook. f. _ Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 64. Griffithia magnoliaepetala Maingay ex King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 9, t. 278. Malacca and Perak. GRIFFITHIANTHUS CUPULARIS (King) comb. nov. Grifithia cupularis King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 9, t. 219. Perak. GRIFFITHIANTHUS FUSCUS (King) comb. nov. Griffithia fusca King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 10, t. 220. Perak. GRIFFITHIANTHUS MERRILLI! (C. B. Rob.) W. H. Brown comb. nov. Mitrephora ferruginea Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 16, excl. descr. fi., Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 54, non Boerl. Mitrephora merrillii C. B. Rob. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 35 (1908) 67. Mitrephora viridifolia Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1716. Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13918 Merritt & Darling: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22857 Alvarez: Province of Zambales, Hallier, For. Bur. 382 Maule: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 983 Ramos: * Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 8. * Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 64. 232 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 635, 2045 Borden, For. Bur. 2629 Meyer, For. Bur. 5770 Curran, For. Bur. 61, 367, 518 Barnes, Elmer 7000, 6734, Williams 111, Bur. Sci. 1878 Foxworthy, Merrill 3728: Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 13091, 18107 Foxworthy & Ramos, Bur. Sci. 19442 Ramos: Province of Camarines, Ahern 67, 258. MINporo, For. Bur. 6202, 3708 Merritt, Whitford 1374, For. Bur. 11876 Amarillas. Samar, For. Bur. 12852 Rosenbluth, Bur. Set. 17496 Ramos. MINDANAO, Prevince of Agusan, Elmer 14184: Province of Misamis, For. Bur. 11894 Miranda: District of Lanao, For. Bur. 23163 Agama: District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 3927 Hutchinson: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9205 Whitford & Hutchinson, Hallier: District of Davao, Williams 2890. This widely distributed species presents considerable variation in the size of its leaves and in its indumentum, varying from rather densely and softly stellate ferruginous-pubescent to forms that are but slightly stellate- pubescent on the midrib and nerves only so far as the leaves are concerned. Practically all intergrades are presented in our extensive series of speci- mens, and I am of the opinion that but a single species is represented. The species was originally described as Mitrephora ferruginea Merr., but it was soon discovered that two different species were included in the description, fruiting specimens of the form here considered, and flowering specimens of an entirely different species, a true Mitrephora, and M. lanotan (Blanco) Merr. Robinson proposed the name Mitrephora merrillii in place of M. ferruginea, as Boerlage had previously described another species under the latter specific name. This change was made without the examina- tion of flowering specimens. Mitrephora viridifolia Elm. was more recently described from flowering specimens as a species distinct from M. merrillii, but I do not consider the form sufficiently strongly characterized to be dis- tinguished, unless one wishes to propose, from the material I have above referred to Griffithianthus merrillii, several very closely allied species to be separated by merely trivial characters. While the species is represented by a large number of specimens, nearly all of them are in fruit, and no flowering specimens were received that with certainty could be referred to Mitrephora merrillii, until 1913. An examination of these flowers, and of those described by Elmer under Mitrephora viridifolia, shows at once that the species is not a Mitrephora, that it does not even belong in the same tribe with Mitrephora, and that it is apparently generically identical with the group characterized by Maingay as Griffithia, a genus previously known only from the Malay Peninsula. Even in Griffithia (=Griffithianthus) it is somewhat anomalous, differing, apparently, in its stellate indumentum (I have seen no specimens of the species described by King, and in his descriptions and figures there is no indication that the indumentum is stellate), its smaller flowers, and its sepals not or but very slightly imbricate. The flowers are axillary, short-pediceled, densely ferruginous-pubescent, each pedicel with a broadly ovate, rounded or obtuse, 3.5 mm long bracteole. Sepals broadly ovate, densely ferruginous-pubescent on both surfaces, about 3 mm long, obtuse to subacute, valvate or obscurely imbricate at the base. Outer petals oblong, thick, obtuse, 8 to 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, imbricate, somewhat keeled inside, the inner three similar in size or a little shorter, valvate by their broadened margins, cohering in bud and perhaps in young flowers, later spreading, the basal part excavated, much thinner than the upper one-half, but not arched or vaulted, base broad. Stamens about 25, x, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 933 rather crowded, flattened, about 1.8 mm long, 1 mm wide, the filamentous part as long as the antheriferous part, the connectives broad, thin, not produced, not entirely concealing the cells. Carpels usually 8 to 12, 25 mm long, oblong, crowded, densely hirsute; ovule solitary, basal; style cylindric, glabrous, about 1 mm long, somewhat curved. ALPHONSEA Hooker f. & Thomson ALPHONSEA ARBOREA (Blanco) comb. nov. Macanea arborea Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 431. Monodora myristica Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 300, ed. 3, 2 (1878) 193, non Dun. Monocarpia blancoi F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 6. Alphonsea philippinensis Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 9. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 2010 Ahern’s collector: Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 20288 Villamil: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1925, 1988, 2062, 2591, For Bur, 3215 Hagger: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10499 Curran. MINDORO, Bur. Sci. 939 Mangubat. Ticao, For. Bur. 1015 Clark. MaspaTE, Merrill 3075. LEYTE, For. Bur. 12710 Rosenbluth. CrEBu, For. Bur. 6439 Espinosa. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 22020 Villamil. Local names: sapiro (Cebu); lanutan (Leyte, Tayabas, Mindoro) ; calay (Zamboanga, Laguna); lanutan itum , (Ticao); bolon (Camarines). Blanco’s Macanea arborea does not appear in Index Kewensis. In the second edition of the Flora de Filipinas he erroneously reduced it to the American Monodora myristica Dun. Monocarpia blancoi F.-Vill. is merely a new name for Blanco’s species accompanied by a description based on specimens from Luzon. Alphonsea philippinensis Merr. is certainly identi- eal with Macanea arborea Blanco, and Blanco’s specific name is accordingly here accepted. Blanco’s description is unmistakable and applies in all respects to the species as here interpreted. His material was from Luzon and Cebu; the native name calai cited by him is still in use for this species, and is ap- parently exclusively applied to it; the time of flowering agrees. Even if Blanco’s description were very poor, which it is not, the phrase describing the fruit would unmistakably locate the form: “La corteza exterior del fruto se parece enteramente al del llamado en Manila Maméi [Lucuma mamosa Gaertn.].””. The fruits are very hard, woody, brown, rounded at the apex, up 9 cm long and 5 to 6 cm in diameter. F.-Villar placed the species in the genus Monocarpia, but saw no flowers. The stamens in our material are miliusioid and exclude the species from Miquel’s genus in which the connectives are produced and truncate. ALPHONSEA SESSILIFLORA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, ramulis floribusque ferrugineo-pube- scentibus; foliis lanceolatis, in siccitate pallidis, chartaceis, 5 ad 8 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 11, tenuibus, indistinctis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, sessi- libus, sepalis petalisque extus ferrugineo-pubescentibus. A shrub or a small tree, the branches very slender, terete, 234 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 glabrous, grayish, the younger branchlets distinctly ferruginous- pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, chartaceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 1.3 to 2.5 cm wide, pale and of the same color on both surfaces when dry, shining, gradually narrowed upward to the acu- minate apex, the base obtuse or acute, the upper surface entirely glabrous, the lower slightly ciliate-hirsute on the midrib, be- coming glabrous; lateral nerves slender, obscure, about 11 on each side of the midrib, the rather lax reticulation nearly as prominent; petioles ferruginous-pubescent, 2 to 3 mm long. Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, the mature buds globose. Sepals orbicular, rounded, appressed fulvous-pubescent, 2.5 mm long. Petals very thickly coriaceous, the outer three fulvous- pubescent externally, ovate, 7 mm long, the inner three very much thicker, 5 mm long, slightly pubescent. Stamens indefi- nite, 1.5 to 2 mm long, the connectives oblong, truncate, 0.8 mm in diameter. Carpels about 7, oblong, 2 mm long, densely hirsute; ovules 6, 1-seriate; stigma 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, Sabani, For. Bur. 22118 Alvarez, December, 1910. Bur, Sci. 18617 Ramos, from Rizal Province, Luzon, may represent the same species. It is in fruit and differs in its leaves being remarkably shiny. The species has the vegetative characters of Polyalthia, but its flowers do not admit referring it to that genus. I am not satisfied entirely with its reference to Alphonsea, but it seems to agree in essential characters with this genus, as described, better than with any other genus known to me. The sessile, solitary, axillary flowers are characteristic. DESMOS Loureiro Safford‘ has recently conclusively shown that the genus Unona Linn. f. was based on an American species, Unona des- ereta Linn. f., and that Vahl was in error in placing under Unona the Asiatic U. discolor Vahl=Desmos chinensis Lour. The Indo- Malayan material that has by various authors been referred to Unona cannot properly be considered under this generic designation, and Safford has correctly taken up the generic appel- lation Desmos for the oriental forms, this genus having been proposed by Loureiro in 1790. Safford erred, however, in ex- tending Desmos to cover the section Dasymaschalon of Unona, as Dasymaschalon is a perfectly valid genus which cannot prop- erly be placed in the same tribe with Unona auct.—Desmos Lour. The only Philippine species that can definitely be referred to Desmos is Desmos chinensis Lour. The other Philippine forms described under Unona apparently belong in other genera. ‘Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 39 (1912) 501-508. xX, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 235 DESMOS CHINENSIS Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 352. Unona discolor Vahl Symb. 2 (1791) 63, t. 26. LuZzON, Manila, Ahern 730 (cult.). PALAWAN, Merrill 9279, Bur. Sci. 210 Bermejos. BASILAN, For. Bur. 20092 Miranda. The other Philippine species that have been described under Unona in recent years are as follows: Unona agusanensis Elm. = Polyalthia; Unona leytensis Elm. —= Uvaria; Unona sympetala C. B. Rob. = Papualthia; Unona miniata Elm. probably = Polyalthia (flowers not seen by me) ; Unona pala- wanensis Elm. probably = Polyalthia (flowers not seen by me) ; Unona min- dorensis Merr., proper generic designation doubtful, but not Desmos; Unona rubra Merr., fruits unknown, but probably not Desmos. The following extra-Philippine species must be considered under Desmos, not under Unona: DESMOS HAHNI! (Finet & Gagnep.) comb. noy. Unona hahnit Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bet. France 53 (1906) Mém. 4:67, et in Lecomte FI]. Gén. Indo-Chine 1 (1907) 58, t 8, B. Cambodia. DESMOS DINHENSIS (Pierre) comb. nov. Unona dihensis Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep. |. c. 79, 62, t. 11 B. Cochinchina. DESMOS HANCEI nom. nov. Unona velutina Hance in Journ. Bot. 15 (1877) 328; Finet & Gagnep. Lecomte FI. Gén. Indo-Chine 1 (1907) 61. Cambodia. DESMOS TEYSMANNII (Boerl.) comb. nov. Unona teysmannii Boer}. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 103. Borneo. DESMOS CHRYSEUS (Miq.) comb. nov. Monoon chryseum Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 15. Unona chrysea Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 102. Sumatra. DESMOS COSTATUS (Miq.) comb. nov. Unona costata Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 376. Sumatra. DESMOS SUBBIGLANDULOSUS (Miq.) comb. nov. Unona subbiglandulosa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 11. Borneo. : DASY MASCHALON (Hook. f. & Th.) Torre & Harms This genus, first proposed as a section of Unona by Hooker f. and Thomson,’ is very distinct from all other groups, presents no intermediate forms between it as a genus and the allied © Pl. Ind. 1 (1875) 61. 236 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 groups, and certainly merits general recognition as a valid genus. The name was taken from Unona dasymaschala Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 55, t. 27, although the first species cited under the section was the allied Unona longiflora Roxb. It should be noted that Blume’s figure is not correct in presenting the flowers with separate petals. In Dasymaschalon’the petals, 3 in number, never 6, are firmly united by their broad margins, never separate, and the corolla falls as a whole. Boerlage,° who treats the group merely as a section of Unona, has separated it from the sections Desmos and Stenopetalum of Unona which he places in his series Unonées, and rather illogically places Dasymaschalon, still as a section of Unona, under the series Mélodorées. While Boerlage is probably correct in placing Dasymaschalon in the alliance with Melodorum, the genus Unona certainly cannot logically be considered as partly in one tribe and partly in another, under the same generic name, as Boerlage proposed to do. Dasymaschalon was retained merely as a section of Unona until 1901, when Torre & Harms raised it to generic rank. In this they have been followed by Finet & Gagnepain,’ who follow Boerlage in considering Dasymaschalon in the alliance with Melodorum rather than with Unona auct., non Linn. f. (=Des- mos Lour.). I believe that Boerlage is correct in placing it in the tribe Melodorieae (including Xylopieae) rather than retain- ing it in the tribe Unoneae with the two other sections of the genus Unona (=Desmos). As originally delimited the genus included those species of Unona that present but three petals, and these quite united by their broad margins and falling as a whole, the carpels with several ovules, and the fruits moniliform. Its limits should be extended to include several Philippine forms having the prom- inent perianth characters of Dasymaschalon but with carpels having but 1 or 2 ovules, and the fruits ovoid to ellipsoid, not at all moniliform. One species is common and very widely distributed in the Philippines, having originally been placed in Unona, but later transferred to Polyalthia on the basis of the number of ovules; yet no species of Polyalthia presents the pe- culiar petal characters of this plant, which does occasionally present carpels with 2 ovules, and fruits with 2 seeds. The genus includes the following known species: “Ie. Bogor. 1 (1899) 84, 87, 98, 126. : "Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53 (1906) Mém. 4: 143; Lecomte Fl. Gén. Indo- Chine 1 (1907) 104. ¥ C4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 937 DASYMASCHALON LOMENTACEUM Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53 (1906) Mém. 4: 143; Lecomte Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 1 (1907) 105. Cochinchina and Cambodia. DASYMASCHALON MACROCALYX Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53 (1906) Mém. 4: 143. Cochinchina and Cambodia. DASYMASCHALON LONGIFLORUM (Roxb.) Finet & Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53 (1906) Mém. 4: 143. Unona longiflora Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2 (1832) 668. Desmos longiflorus Safford in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 39 (1912) 507. Eastern Himalaya, Khasia Hills, etc., to Perak. DASYMASCHALON BLUME! Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53 (1906) Mém. 4: 143. Unona dasymaschala Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. (1828-36) 55, ¢. 27. Desmos dasymaschalus Safford in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 39 (1912) 507. Burma to Sumatra and Java. DASYMASCHALON COELOPHLOEUM (Scheff.). Unona coelophloea Scheff. in Flora 52 (1869) 300; Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 127, t. 428. Java; cult. in hort. Bot. Bogor. XI, A, 25; XVI, E, 70. DASYMASCHALON CLEISTOGAMUM (Burck). Unona cleistogama Burck ex Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 127, 201, t7 2. Riouw; cult in Hort. Bot. Bogor. IV, G, 45a, 58a. Specimens of all of the above species are in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science DASYMASCHALON CLUSIFLORUM (Merr.) comb. nov. Unona clusiflora Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 13. Polyalthia clusiflora C. B. Rob. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35 (1908) 68. This Philippine species is represented by over 30 specimens, ranging from the Babuyanes Islands on the north to Palawan and southern Min- danao. The material presents considerable variation, especially in the length of the flowers, but the vegetative characters are rather constant. Abundant fruiting material nearly always presents fruits with but a single seed, sometimes with two superposed seeds, but the fruits are never in the slightest degree moniliform. Var. MEGALANTHUM var. nov. A typo differt floribus multo majoribus, usque ad 11 cm longis. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Caramoan Peninsula, For. Bur. 10686 Curran, June, 1908. DASYMASCHALON OBLONGATUM sp. nov. Arbor parva, circiter 10 m alta, floribus parcissime pubes- centibus exceptis glabra; ramis ramulisque teretibus, gracilis; 938 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis vel leviter coriaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, supra nitidis, subtus leviter glaucescentibus; nervis lateralibus utrinque, 9 ad 12, tenuibus; floribus flavidis, solitariis, pedicellatis, lanceolatis, longe acuminatis, usque ad 6.5 cm longis, extus parcissime pu- bescentibus; fructibus ellipsoideis vel cylindraceis, circiter 12 mm longis, seminibus solitariis. A small tree about 10 m high, glabrous except the flowers. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, dark reddish-brown when dry. Leaves oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 8 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, the apex acuminate, base acute, the upper surface smooth, shining, rather pale, the lower surface somewhat glaucous; lateral nerves 9 to 12 on each side of the midrib, very slender, not prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 4 to 8 mm long. Flowers yellow, solitary, up to 6.5 cm long, lanceolate, acuminate, the pedicels 1 to 2 cm long, opposed to the ultimate leaf on the branchlets. -Calyx about 8 mm in diameter, the lobes broadly triangular-ovate, subacute, somewhat united below, glabrous or with very few, short, scattered, fer- ruginous hairs. Petals lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, united by their margins, the corolla falling as a whole, up to 7 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, narrowed upward to the long-acuminate apex, glabrous or with very few, short, scattered, ferruginous hairs. Stamens indefinite, 1.8 mm long, crowded on the sides of the torus, the connectives broad, truncate. Carpels very many, densely arranged on the elongated torus, narrowly oblong, slight- ly pubescent, curved, narrowed upward, 2.5 mm long, including the curved, 1 mm long style. Ovules solitary. Fruits ellipsoid, about 12 mm long, 6 to 7 mm in diameter, dark-colored when dry, glabrous or nearly so, not at all moniliform, apex blunt; seeds conforming to the fruit in outline, solitary. Luzon, Subprovince of Benguet, Baguio, Merrill 9708 (type), May, 1914, in flower, Elmer 6016, March, 1904, in fruit, in thickets about limestone cliffs, altitude about 1,300 meters. A species manifestly allied to Dasymaschalon clusiflorum Merr., from which it differs in its narrower leaves, and especially in its slenderer, long- acuminate flowers, the petals gradually narrowed upward in the upper one-half, glabrous or with but few, scattered, short, ferruginous hairs, not at all uniformly cinereous-pubescent externally as in D. clusiflorum Merr. DASYMASCHALON SCANDENS sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber (floribus ignotis), ramis ramulisque tenuibus teretibus; foliis oblongis, chartaceis usque ad 11 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acu- minatis, nitidis, supra olivaceis, subtus subglaucescentibus, nervis X, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 239 utrinque circiter 12, tenuibus, primariis quam secundariis vix magis distinctis; fructibus ellipsoideis, prominente apiculatis, glabris, circiter 9 mm longis, seminibus solitariis. A scandent shrub reaching a height of about 10 m, entirely glabrous (flowers unknown). Branches and branchlets slender, terete, smooth, dark reddish-brown when dry. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, 7 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the acuminate apex, the upper surface dark olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower subglau- cous; lateral nerves slender, not prominent, the primary ones about 12 on each side of the midrib, slender, anastomosing, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary nerves and primary reticulations; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers not seen, soli- tary, axillary, and terminal, opposed to the ultimate leaf, the fruiting peduncles stout, glabrous, thickened upward, up to 2 cm long, the persistent sepals thickly coriaceous, broadly ovate, glabrous, 3 to 4 mm long and wider than long, persistent. Fruits numerous, ellipsoid, about 9 mm long, prominently apiculate, brown when dry, dark purple when fresh, entirely glabrous even when very young, their pedicels 2 to 2.5 cm long. Seeds solitary, conforming to the fruit in outline but not at all apiculate. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9277 (type), May, 1913, on forested slopes, Taytay-Bantolan trail, altitude about 150 meters. I refer here also Elmer 12808 from Puerto Princesa, Palawan, distributed as Unona clusiflora Merr. A species quite different from Dasymaschalon clusiflorum Merr., especially in its habit and in its vegetative characters. It is distinguished by its leaves being smaller, thinner, dark-colored when dry, acute, never rounded at the base, and by its more numerous, much less prominent nerves, the primary ones scarcely more distinct than are the secondary ones and the reticulations. MEIOGYNE Miquel Meiogyne was proposed by Miquel in the year 1865° as a mono- typic genus, based on Unona virgata Blume Bijdr. (1825) 14. Meiogyne, however, was reduced to Unona by Bentham & Hooker f.° the same year, where it has been placed by most later authors. Blume himself *° transferred it to the genus Uvaria, with which, however, it has little in common. Hooker f. & Thomson’ re- ferred it to the genus Cananga, chiefly, apparently, because of its numerous 2-seriate ovules. King '* transferred it to the genus * Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1865) 12. *Gen. Plant. 1 (1865) 956. ” FF]. Jav. Anon. (1828) 43. " FI, Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 57. 2 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 617 (1892) 28; Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 37. 240 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Cyathocalyx. The species has, hence, by various authors been referred to five different genera in several distinct tribes. In such cases as this where a single species is by various au- thors referred to several very different genera, it not infrequently happens that in reality a distinct generic type is represented. The most recent consideration of Unona virgata Blume is that by Boerlage,'* who reinstates Meiogyne Miq. as a valid genus, for reasons that I consider to be entirely valid. Ac- cording to Blume’s first classification of the species it would fall in the tribe Unoneae, and to his second in the tribe Uvarieae. Hooker f. & Thomson retain it in the Unoneae as does King. Boerlage, however, removes it from the Unoneae, and correctly, I think, places it in the Xylopieae. Unona virgata Blume has been credited to the Philippines on the basis of a specimen collected in Leyte '* by Cuming No. 1738, but although a specimen of this collection has been in the her- barium of the Bureau of Science for some years, the same form has not been contained in any modern collections until recently, when it was collected by Ramos, again in Leyte. The additional material seems to show that the Philippine form is specifically distinct from the Javan one, and it is accordingly described here as a new species. The synonymy of Meiogyne virgata Mig. is as follows: MEIOGYNE VIRGATA (Blume) Miq. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1865) 12; Boerl. in Ie. Bogor. 1 (1899) 123, pl. 41. Unona virgata Blume Bijdr. (1825) 14; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1? (1858) 42. ° Uvaria virgata Blume FI. Jav. Anon. (1828) 45, t. 19, 25B. Cananga virgata Hook. f. & Th. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 57. Cyathocalyx virgatus King in Journ. As. Soc. Bang. 617 (1892) 28, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 37, pl. 44. The species was originally described from Javan material, and is reported from Chittagong, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. From an examination of the descriptions given by various authors, and especially the figures given by Blume, King, and Boerlage, it seems doubtful whether or not all can be referred to a single species. The three figures represent forms so different in detail that it would not be surprising if, on critical examination of all available material, several distinct species were found to be represented. It is almost absolutely certain that the form figured and described by King represents a species different from that described by Blume, for Blume described the outer petals as one and one-half inches long, “Te. Bogor. 1 (1899) 123. “Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 92, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 41; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 210. x;¢, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 241 while King describes the flowers of his specimens as about three-fourths of an inch in length; Blume describes the carpels as from 3 to 5 in each flower, while King states that he never found more than two. The Philippine form, which was determined by Rolfe as Unona virgata Blume, I consider to be specifically distinct, and its description follows: MEIOGYNE PAUCINERVIA sp. nov. Unona virgata Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 210; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 92, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 41, non Blume. Species M. virgatae affinis et similis, differt floribus minoribus petalis angustioribus foliisque minoribus, nervis utrinque cir- citer 6. A small tree, 19 m high fide Ramos, the branches slender, terete, glabrous, light gray, the branchlets sparingly appressed- _hirsute. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, usually pale when dry, shining on both surfaces, chartaceous, 6 to 12 cm long, 2 to 3.5 em wide, the base acute, the apex slenderly and sharply acuminate, the upper surface quite glabrous, the lower sparingly appressed-hirsute along the midrib and the lateral nerves; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, somewhat curved-ascending; petioles slightly pubescent, 5 to8 mm long. Flowers greenish-yellow, usually solitary, axil- lary, their pedicels very short, pubescent. Sepals densely pubes- cent, broadly ovate, obtuse, about 4 mm long. Petals densely pubescent on both surfaces, the outer three narrowly lanceolate, about 2 cm long, 3.5 mm wide at the base, gradually narrowed upward to the long-acuminate but blunt apex; inner petals about 1.5 em long, long subcaudate-acuminate from an oblong-ovate base which is 5 to 6 cm long and 4 to 4.5 mm wide, concave, the margins touching but not conniving, the tips of the inner petals free and more or less divergent. Anthers numerous, obovoid, ~ about 1.5 mm long, the connectives broad, truncate, concealing the anthers. Carpels about 5, oblong-ovate, somewhat flattened, 2 mm long, pubescent; ovules about 20, in two rows. Fruit 2 to 4 on each peduncle, ellipsoid, about 6 cm long, 3.5 to 4 cm in diameter, hard and woody, externally more or less brown- pubescent. LeyTE, in forests near Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15381 Ramos (type), August 28, 1912, the flowers said to be very fragrant; Cuming 1738 (localized from Cuming’s own list of localities), Wenzel 645. SAMAR, Philip. Pl. 1640 Ramos. MEIOGYNE LUCIDA Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1715. MINDANAO, Province of Agusan, Elmer 13984; For. Bur. 21657 Sherfesee, Cenabre, & Ponce. 242 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 MEIOGYNE PHILIPPINENSIS Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1714. MINDANAO, District of Davao, Elmer 11318, distributed as a Melodorum. Both of these species are closely allied to M. paucinervia, but differ in their shorter and broader petals. M. lucida is characterized by its sessile bracteolate flowers, while in M. philippinensis the flowers are pedicelled. The three species manifestly are closely allied. PAPUALTHIA Diels This genus was proposed by Diels '® for a series of species from New Guinea, in general similar to Polyalthia but differing strikingly in the petals being wholly united below. The genus, as defined by Diels, is quite well represented in the Philippines, several species having been described under Polyalthia and one under Unona. The occurrence of several species of this very natural group in the Philippines, and a somewhat larger number in New Guinea, is of considerable interest from the standpoint of phytogeography. The following Philippine species are here transferred to Papualthia: PAPUALTHIA LANCEOLATA (Vid.) comb. nov. Polyalthia lanceolata Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 92, 170. LuzON, Province of Laguna, Cuming 450 (cotype), For. Bur. 19955, 19884 Villamil, For. Bur. 11709 Whitford, Baker 603, For Bur. 21346 Foxworthy & Catalan: Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 11998 Tamesis. PAPUALTHIA LOHERI (Merr.) comb. nov. Polyalthia loheri Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 268. Polyalthia romblonensis Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1729. This species extends from northern Luzon southward to Romblon if my reduction of Polyalthia romblonensis Elm. is correct, and from the material available I can see no reason for distinguishing the latter species; the specimen I have seen of Elmer 12170, however, presents no flowers or fruits, and additional material may show it to be really specifically distinct from P. loheri Merr. PAPUALTHIA SYMPETALA (C. B. Rob.) comb. nov. Unona sympetala C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 203. Luzon, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20515 Ramos: Prov- ince of Isabela, Bur. Sci. 7999 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 13196 Foxworthy & Ramos. ROMBLON, Bur. Sci. 10352 McGregor (type). PAPUALTHIA RETICULATA (Elm.) comb. nov. Polyalthia reticulata Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 292. Polyalthia loheri Merr. var. cagayanensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 269. LEYTE, Elmer 7272 (cotype). Samar, Bur. Sci. 17417 Ramos, March, 1914. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 13948 Ramos: Province of Isabela, Biocbian Bay, Bur. Sci. 10664 McGregor. “Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 49 (1912) 138. es Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 243 PAPUALTHIA URDANETENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Polyalthia urdanetensis Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1738. MINDANAO, Province of Agusan, Elmer 13931 (cotype). This species is very closely allied to Papualthia reticulata and is perhaps not specifically distinct from that species. It differs in its somewhat smaller flowers, but this apparent difference may be due to the stage of development of the flowers. PAPUALTHIA TENUIPES (Merr.) comb. nov. Polyalthia tenuipes Merr. in Philip. Journ, Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 269. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 18472 Foxworthy & Ramos. Readily distinguished from all the other Philippine species by its very dissimilar petals, the inner ones much shorter than and differently shaped from the outer. : GUAMIA genus novum Sepala 3, ovata, brevia, valvata. Petales 6, 2-seriata, valvata, crassa, pubescentia, exteriora demum patula, interiora paullo minora, angustiora, basi subexcavata, leviter conniventia. Stamina o, obconica, connectivo oblique subtruncato. Carpellia circiter 12, pilosa; stigmate subcapitato, glabro; ovulis nume- rosis. Baccae oblongae, cylindricae, leviter transverse con- strictae, pilosulae. Arbor parva partibus junioribus ferrugineo- pilosis, pilis haud stellatis; foliis subaequilateralibus; floribus solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, axillaribus vel subterminalibus. GUAMIA MARIANNAE (Safford) comb. nov. Papualthia mariannae Safford in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2 (1912) 459, fig. 1, 2; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 52 (1914) 16, fig. 2. Polyalthia mariannae Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 83. The type of the species was from Guam, collected by Costenoble. Ad- ditional collections are Palomo, cited by Safford; Guam Experiment Station 209, distributed from the Bureau of Science as Orophea n. sp., fruiting specimen; while Diels cites Volkens 559 and a specimen collected by Fritz on the neighboring island of Saipan. At the time I was studying the Guam material I stated that I could see no reason for considering the species other than as a representative of the genus Polyalthia, but this statement was made without due consideration of the floral characters of the plant. The perianth characters and especially the numerous ovules exclude it at once from Polyalthia, with which genus it apparently has little in common. My study of the species at this time is due to the fact that in examining the original material of Unona mindoren- sis Merr. its great similarity to the Guam plant at once impressed me, and as Unona mindorensis must probably be referred to some other genus, I tried to place it in Papualthia with the Guam species; it differs strikingly, however, in that the inner petals are spreading from the base, not con- nivent, and is scarcely congeneric with Guamia. I cannot see how the species can be referred to Papualthia without in- validating that genus. The petals are quite free, not united at the base as in the New Guinean and Philippine representatives of that genus, while 133906——2 9A4 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 the ovules are more numerous than in most species of the genus. Diels has remarked that the flowers are of the Melodoruwm type, and that the fruits are uvarioid, but made no attempt to place it in any genus other than Papualthia. Regarding the propriety of placing it in Papualthia, he states: “Auch mit den meisten Papualthia Neuguineas stimmen mehrere Merkmale nicht tiberein: so den freien Blumenbliatter, deren fussere zuletzt sogar klaffen, so die Mehrzahl der Samenanlagen und die wenig asymmetrischen, kleinen Blatter. Immerhin kommen bei gewissen weniger bekannten Pa- pualthien Andeutungen dieser Merkmale vor, und so mag die Art so lange bei Papualthia bleiben, bis uns die fortschreitende Erforschung Neuguineas erlauben wird, die Grenzen dieses Genus schirfer zu bestimmen.” I am inclined to consider its proper place as very near Oncodostigma Diels, from which it differs essentially in its more numerous carpels, somewhat different stigma, and its slightly transversely constricted uvarioid fruits; it may not be generically distinct from Oncodostigma, but at any rate it is not a Papualthia. POLYALTHIA Blume ~ POLYALTHIA RAMIFLORA sp. § Monoon. Arbor circiter 12 m alta, subglabra; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongis, nitidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, subcoriaceis, caudato- acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 12; floribus numerosis, fasciculatis, e ramis et axillis defoliatis, petalis anguste lanceolatis, glabris, 4.5 cm longis. A tree about 12 m high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete, light gray, lenticellate, glabrous, the very tips of the growing branchlets pubescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, sub- coriaceous, shining, when dry the upper surface rather pale, the lower a little browner in color, 8 to 16 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, the base acute or sometimes somewhat rounded, the apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the primary reticulations slender, sub- parallel; petioles 5 to 7 mm long, glabrous. Flowers greenish, numerous, fascicled, the fascicles scattered along the branches below the leaves and apparently also in the axils of fallen leaves, their pedicels slender, 2 to 2.5 cm long, the small protuberances bearing the pedicels ferruginous-pubescent. Sepals broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, pubescent, about 2 mm long. Sepals subequal, narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, up to 4.5 em long, 4 mm wide, glabrous, narrowed upward to the long- acuminate apex. Stamens many, about 1 mm long. Carpels narrowly ovoid, glabrous or slightly pubescent, with a single basal ovule; style somewhat club-shaped. Fruiting peduncles stout, about 2 cm long, the torus about 1 cm in diameter, bearing usually about 8 ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, smooth, glabrous, E64 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 245 shining, dark brown fruits, 2 to 3 cm long, 1.2 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Sugod Bay, For. Bur. 5160 Bridges (type), August 6, 1906, in forests from sea level to an altitude of 75 meters: Prov- ince of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 21989 Ramos, October, 1913, in fruit: Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 20472 Barros, July, 1913. SAMAR, Phil. Pl. 1660 Ramos (as P. ramosii). A species well characterized by its numerous flowers which are fascicled along the branches below the leaves and by its especially narrow and long subequal petals. POLYALTHIA ZAMBOANGAENSIS sp. nov. § Monoon. Species P. latariflorae similis et affinis differt foliis tenuioribus, venis lateralibus obscure anastomosantibus vix evanescentibus, floribus paullo longioribus. A tree about 10 m high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete, lenticellate, glabrous, the youngest branchlets somewhat puber- ulent and the terminal: buds ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, 16 to 18 cm long, 6 to 7 cm wide, glabrous, the base rounded, the apex acuminate, shining on both surfaces, the lower a little paler than the upper; lateral nerves about 16 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved upward, faintly anastomosing near the margins, the reticulations very fine, indistinct; petioles 5 to 7 mm long, glabrous. Flowers greenish-yellow, very fragrant, fascicled on the branches of the previous year below the leaves, the nodules bearing the flowers pubescent, each with about three flowers developed at one time, but with additional small buds present. Pedicels 3 to 4.5 cm long, slender, slightly pubescent, usually with an orbicular, obtuse, pubescent bracteole about 1.5 mm long at about the middle. Sepals broadly ovate or reniform, pu- bescent, 4 to 5 mm wide, wider than long. Petals flat, lanceolate, narrowed gradually to the acute or blunt apex, 5 to 6 cm long, 4 to 6 mm wide, slightly pubescent on the back in the lower part, the outer three a little shorter and narrower than the inner three. Stamens indefinite, about 1 mm long, connectives trun- cate, the torus convex, pubescent. Carpels indefinite, oblong, about 1 mm long, pubescent, with a single basal ovule. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, near Margosatubig, For. Bur. 13276 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, May 11, 1912, in hill forests, altitude about 120 meters. Locally known to the Moros as malacayang lupo. A well-marked species but manifestly closely allied to the Malayan Polyalthia lateriflora King, which it greatly resembles. It is distinguish- able by its thinner leaves, different venation, obscure and fine ultimate reticulations, and somewhat longer flowers. PAG The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 POLYALTHIA PALAWANENSIS sp. nov. § Monoon. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, subglabra; foliis oblongis, chartaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, basi rotun- datis ad subacutis, apice prominente acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, tenuibus; floribus viridis, caulinis, fasciculatis, e tuberculis magnis, pedicellatis, sepalis leviter pubescentibus, pe- talis glabris, crasse coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, usque ad 3.5 cm longis; carpellis numerosis, hirsutis, 1-ovulatis. A tree about 20 m high, glabrous except the younger parts and portions of the inflorescence. Branches slender, terete, wrinkled when dry, with small, scattered lenticels, brownish, the branchlets somewhat pubescent. Leaves oblong, charta- ceous, pale and shining when dry, 11 to 15 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base rounded to subacute, apex rather prominently acu- minate; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, slender, somewhat spreading, distant, anastomosing far from the margin, the reticulations slender, rather distinct; petioles about 4 mm long, glabrous. Flowers green or somewhat yellow- ish when mature, borne on large tubercles on the trunk, the tubercles 2 to 3 cm in diameter, very irregular, each bearing 2 to 4 flowers; pedicels pubescent, stout, about 1 cm long. Sepals broadly ovate, coriaceous, obtuse, about 3 mm long and 4 mm wide, spreading or reflexed, sparingly pubescent externally, glabrous within. Petals thickly coriaceous, glabrous, ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse, the outer ones up to 3.5 cm long and 1.7 em wide, the inner somewhat smaller. Stamens indefinite, crowded, about 1.6 mm long, truncate, anther-cells entirely hid- den by the connectives. Carpels numerous, crowded, including the styles 1.7 mm long, the ovaries hirsute, oblong, the styles pubescent, as long as the ovaries. Ovule solitary, basal. PALAWAN, Lake Manguao, Merrill 9469, April 27, 1913, on dry forested ridges, altitude about 80 meters. A species in the group with Polyalthia macropoda King and allied forms, but quite different from this species and the others placed here. It has no close allies among the Philippine forms bearing the flowers on the trunk or on the larger branches. POLYALTHIA GIGANTIFOLIA sp. nov. § Monoon. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, circiter 60 cm longis, nitidis, acuminatis, basi cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 30, valde prominentibus; floribus 7 cm diametro, pedicellatis, plus minusve pubescentibus, in truncis fasciculatis. A tree about 20 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. x, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I QAT Branches terete. Leaves very large, about 60 cm long, 15 cm wide, oblong, coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, the base cordate, the apex acuminate; lateral nerves very prominent, about 30 on each side of the midrib; petioles very stout, black when dry, 1 to 1.5 cm long, 5 mm in diameter. Flowers nu- merous, yellowish-green with a disagreeable odor, fascicled on the trunk, the protuberances bearing the flowers pubescent, supplied with small pubescent bracts, the pedicels 2 to 5 cm long, pubescent, and with a pubescent, reniform, rounded brac- teole, about 3 mm long, at about the lower one-third. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, 6 mm long, pubescent. Petals 2-seriate, subequal, thickly coriaceous, more or less pubescent on both sur- faces especially when immature, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly oblong-ovate, narrowed upward to the acute or blunt apex, 3 to 3.5 cm long, 10 to 13 mm wide. Stamens very numerous, 1.5 mm long, narrowly oblong, the connectives convex-truncate. Carpels indefinite, narrowly oblong or linear oblong, glabrous, 2.5 mm long, each with a single basal ovule. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, near Margosatubig, For. Bur. 13763 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, May 11, 1912, in hill forests, altitude about 120 meters, locally known to the Moros as tdba. A very striking and characteristic species, distinguishable by its very large leaves in conjunction with its fascicled, cauline, rather large flowers. POLYALTHIA GLANDULOSA sp. nov. § Monoon. Arbor, partibus junioribus floribusque plus minusve ferru- gineo-pubescentibus exceptis glabra; foliis chartaceis vel sub- coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 12 cm longis, acutis vel obscure acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, curvatis, distinctis, subtus in axillis glandulosis; floribus axillaribus et in axillis defoliatis, solitariis vel binis, pedicellatis, circiter 6 cm diametro, sepalis elliptico-ovatis, rotundatis, reflexis, petalis 2.5 ad 3 em longis, subaequalis; ellipticis ad elliptico-obovatis. A tree, glabrous or nearly so except the younger parts and the flowers which are more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, dark gray when dry, somewhat wrinkled, glab- rous, the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, rather pale when dry, or the very young ones brown, 9 to 12 cm long, 3 to 4 cm wide, acute or obscurely acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the axils on the lower surface distinctly glandular, often obscurely bearded; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Flowers green, axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, solitary or in pairs, their pedicels 248 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 about 1 cm long, cinereous- or ferruginous-pubescent. Sepals reflexed in anthesis, elliptic-ovate, rounded, ferruginous-pubes- cent, about 6 mm long, 5 mm wide. Petals 6, 2-seriate, sub- equal, spreading from the base, ferruginous-pubescent externally, 2.5 to 3 cm long, about 1.5 cm wide, the inner usually slightly larger than the outer ones, rounded at the apex, elliptic to elliptic-obovate. Stamens numerous, crowded, cuneiform, 1.2 mm long, the anther-cells obscured by the truncate connectives. Carpels numerous, crowded, narrowly oblong, pubescent, about 1 mm long, the style ellipsoid, 0.5 mm long; ovule basal, solitary. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Santa Maria, Bur. Sci. 16460 Reillo, October 4, 1912, near Mount Pulungbato. A species well characterized by its leaves being glandular in the axils on the lower surface. It apparently has no very close allies in the Philippines. POLYALTHIA GRACILIPES sp. nov. § Monoon. Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus tenuibus; foliis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, anguste oblongis ad lanceolatis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, leviter inaequilatera- libus, rectis vel obscure falcatis, longe tenuiterque acuminatis, basi subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 12; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, longissime pedicellatis, circiter 4 cm longis, petalis 2-seriatis, obscurissime nigro-puncticulatis, in siccitate pallidis, exterioribus oblongo-ovatis ad subellipticis, 2 cm latis, interio- ribus circiter 1.3 cm latis. A shrub or small tree, quite glabrous except the very slightly pubescent parts of the flowers. Branches and _ branchlets slender, terete, dark reddish-brown when dry. Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 11 to 20 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, pale olivaceous when dry, shining, straight or somewhat falcate, often distinctly inequilateral, narrowed upward to the long and slenderly acuminate apex, and below to the acute or subacute base; primary lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, straight, distant, anastomosing and forming an arched marginal nerve, the reticulations distinct; petioles about 4 mm long. Flowers solitary, axillary, the pedicels very slender, about 10 cm long. Sepals oblong-ovate to narrowly ovate, acuminate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous or very obscurely pubescent, about 9 mm long, 6 mm wide. Petals 6, 2-seriate, pale when dry, subchartaceous, minutely black-puncticulate, glabrous or nearly so, about 4 cm long, the outer three oblong-ovate to subelliptic, obtuse, about 2 cm wide, the inner three as long as the outer ones, obtuse, about 1.3 cm wide. Stamens indefinite, crowded, M04 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 2A9 2.5 to 3 mm long, the connectives concealing the anther-cells, truncate, oblique, rounded at the tip. Carpels many, crowded, narrowly oblong, pubescent; ovule solitary, basal. Young fruit ellipsoid, black when dry, about 1 cm long. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20792 (type), 20825 Escritor, March, 1913; Quinatacutan, Bur. Sci. 18177 Foxworthy & Ramos, March, 1911. A strongly marked species, at once recognizable by its large, solitary, very long pedicelled, axillary flowers. It has no close allies among the Philippine forms. POLYALTHIA LUCIDA sp. nov. § Monoon. Frutex vel arbor parva, floribus exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, valde nitidis, laevis, usque ad 22 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, subtus prominentibus, rectis, valde anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis; floribus axillaribus, bre- viter pedicellatis, depresso-globosis, circiter 1 cm diametro, pe- talis late ovatis ad orbiculari-ovatis, valde incrassatis, carnosis, incurvis, liberis, interioribus quam exterioribus distincte majo- ribus; carpellis numerosis, ovulis solitariis. A shrub or small tree 4 to 6 m high, quite glabrous except parts of the flowers, or the growing tips of the branchlets some- times sparingly pubescent. Branches and branchlets terete, smooth, dark reddish-brown, somewhat shining. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, 12 to 22 cm long, 3.5 to 6 em wide, smooth, both surfaces strongly shining, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the rather sharply acuminate apex, the margins distinctly recurved; lateral nerves slender, straight, prominent on the lower surface, distant, 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominently anastomosing with the arcuate marginal nerves 5 to 8 mm from the edge of the leaf, the marginal nerves about as prominent as the lateral ones, the reticulations lax; petioles about 8 mm long. Flowers greenish-yellow, depressed-globose, about 1 cm in diameter, axil- lary, solitary, the pedicels 5 mm long or less, obscurely pubescent, bracteolate at the base. Sepals valvate, very thickly coriaceous, reniform, rounded, about 2 mm long and 2 mm wide, externally slightly pubescent. Petals 6, 2-seriate, very thick and fleshy, strongly incurved, valvate, quite free, sparingly pubescent, bases broad, the inner three distinctly larger than the outer ones; outer petals broadly ovate, about 6 mm long and 5 mm wide, rounded or obtuse, the inner three thicker, up to 2 mm in thick- ness, 6 to 7 mm in diameter, rounded, suborbicular-ovate. Sta- mens many, closely packed, 1.8 mm long, the anther-cells lateral, 250 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 concealed by the short, truncate connectives. Carpels about 30, crowded, oblong, pubescent, 1 to 1.2 mm long, the stigma sessile, truncate, broad, obscurely cleft; ovule solitary, basal. Torus flat. Fruit ellipsoid, about 2 cm long, rounded, the pericarp somewhat wrinkled when dry, thin, glabrous; seed solitary, very hard when dry, about 1 cm long, ruminate, the pedicels in fruit 2.5 to 3 cm long. LuZzON, Province of Tayabas, Tagcauayan, Bur. Sci. 18838 Ramos (type), March 15, 1911, in forests, altitude about 100 m; Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19416 Ramos, January, 1918, in fruit. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9008, 9400 Whitford & Hutchinson. The species is anomalous in Polyalthia in its short, very thick, incurved petals, which are, however, entirely free, valvate, not at all arched over the stamens although incurved, and its sessile truncate stigmas. The flowers at anthesis are depressed-globose and about 1 cm in diameter, although the petals at all stages are entirely free. It perhaps belongs in the alliance with Polyalthia persicaefolia Benth. & Hook. f. POLYALTHIA AGUSANENSIS (Elm.) comb. nov. Unona agusanensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1743. MINDANAO, Province of Agusan, Mount Urdaneta, Elmer 13654, type number. This species is not a Unona (Desmos), but belongs in the section Monoon of Polyalthia, its carpels having a single basal ovule. It is very similar and very closely allied to Polyalthia cumingiana Merr., and a series of specimens may show the two to be identical. Polyalthia agusanensis differs from P. cumingiana in its distinctly broader petals and in its rather more numerously nerved leaves. The original description of Elmer’s species is faulty as to the length of the outer petals being indicated as 4 mm when manifestly 4 cm was intended. The type number is 18654, not 8654 as cited. POLYALTHIA GRANDIFOLIA Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 291. Polyalthia pinnatinervia Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1736. The type of Polyalthia grandifolia Elm. is Elmer 7358, from Leyte, a specimen with very immature fruits; the type of P. pinnatinervia Elm. is Elmer 13611, from Agusan, Mindanao, a specimen with flowers. While the specimens are not directly comparable in all characters, one being with young fruits and the other with flowers, I can detect no specific differences, and am confident that but a single species is represented. POLYALTHIA MERRITTII (Merr.) comb. nov. § Eupolyalthia. Unona merrittii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 190. This species is apparently a Polyalthia rather than a Unona, and seems to be closely allied to the Malayan Polyalthia glauca (Hassk.) Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 104. It is represented by the following specimens: Luzon, Province of Tayabas (Principe), Merrill 1081: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10475 Curran. MINpDORO, Whitford 1447, For. Bur. 3712 Merritt. x, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 251 SipuYAN, Elmer 12449. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, For. Bur. 20757 Ponce, Miranda, & Rafael. MITREPHORA Hook. f. & Thomson MITREPHORA BASILANENSIS sp. noy. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, partibus junioribus inflorescentiis floribusque prominente ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis oblongo- lanceolatis ad lanceolatis, sursum gradatim angustatis, acumina- tis, basi subacutis, chartaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, in siccitate pallide griseis, nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, tenuibus, adscendento-curvatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, depauperato- cymosis, paucifloris; petalis exterioribus oblongis, circiter 11 mm longis, interioribus unguiculatis, arcuatis, extus hirsutis; car- pellis paucis, hirsutis. A tree about 15 m high, the younger parts and the inflores- cence prominently ferruginous-pubescent. Branches slender, terete, grayish-brown, wrinkled, glabrous, the younger ones ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, firmly chartaceous, pale grayish and prominently shining when dry, 8 to 12 cm long, 2 to 3.5 em wide, gradually narrowed up- ward to the rather sharply acuminate apex, the base subacute, the lower surface with very few appressed hairs on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, curved-ascending, very obscurely anas- tomosing, the reticulations nearly obsolete; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Inflorescence of depauperate, few-flowered, ferruginous- pubescent cymes in the uppermost axils, but one flower opening at a time, the rachis 1.5 cm long or less; pedicels about 5 mm long. Sepals broadly ovate, coriaceous, acute or broadly acumi- nate, about 3 mm long and wide, ferruginous-pubescent. Outer three petals spreading, oblong, about 11 mm long, 5 mm wide, acute or obscurely acuminate, pubescent; inner three petals clawed, arcuate, about 9 mm long, the claw about 5 mm in length, the limb subrhomboid, about 5 mm wide, the angles rather sharp, externally densely hirsute. Stamens indefinite, closely crowded, 1 mm long, the truncate connectives concealing the anther-cells. Carpels about 6, crowded, densely pubescent, about 1.3 mm long; ovules about 4; stigma glabrous, oblique. BASILAN, For. Bur. 20060 Miranda, October 4, 1912, not far from the mangrove swamp, near the Barrio of Balobato, altitude about 10 meters. This species somewhat resembles Mitrephora ellipanthoides Elm., the fiowers of which are unknown, and which may prove to be not a Mitrephora. The present species is readily distinguished by its differently shaped leaves 252 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 and its prominent ferruginous indumentum on the younger branchlets and the inflorescence. MITREPHORA FRAGRANS sp. nov. Arbor 8 ad 10 m alta, partibus junioribus dense ferrugineo- pubescentibus; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 26 cm longis, junioribus utrinque ad costa nervisque plus minusve ferrugineo-pubescentibus, vetustioribus glabrescen- tibus, obtusis vel obtuse acuminatis, basi subacutis ad subrotun- datis, nervis utrinque 13 ad 16, valde prominentibus; floribus paucis, usque ad 11 cm diametro, petalis exterioribus accrescen- tibus; carpellis circiter 10; ovulis 16 ad 20. A tree 8 to 10 m high, the branchlets, young petioles, pedicels and buds densely ferruginous-pubescent. The branches terete, nearly black when dry, more or less ferruginous-pubescent, be- coming glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, pale when dry, slightly shining, oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 10 to 26 cm long, 5 to 11 cm wide, apex obtuse to obtusely acuminate, base subacute to subrounded, both surfaces more or less ferruginous-pubes- cent on the midrib and lateral nerves, in age becoming glabrous or nearly so; lateral nerves 13 to 16 on each side of the midrib, very prominent. Flowers perfect, fragrant, opening pale yel- lowish-white, turning bright orange-yellow, extra-axillary, soli- tary, their pedicels 1 cm long or less, with 2 or 3 subverticillate, broadly ovate, coriaceous, ferruginous-pubescent, about 7 mm long bracteoles near the apex. Sepals broadly ovate to oblong- ovate, 10 to 14 mm long, obtuse, more or less ferruginous-pubes- cent. Outer petals 3 cm long at anthesis, accrescent and soon 5.5 cm long and up to 4 em wide, oblong-ovate to obovate, acu- minate, base narrowed, outside rather densely pubescent, inside sparingly so; inner petals vaulted, deciduous, nearly 3 cm long, the claw slender, 1.5 cm long, the limb subrhomboid, obtuse, about 12 mm wide, externally slightly pubescent, internally — hirsute. Stamens very numerous, crowded, 1.5 mm long, con- nectives broad, truncate, slightly oblique. Carpels about 10, crowded, densely pubescent, narrowly oblong, narrowed upward, about 1.8 mm long; ovules 16 to 20, 2-seriate. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9217, April, 1913, on forested slopes of a small valley, altitude about 40 meters. The flowers open, pale yellowish-white, the external petalS then being about 3 cm long; the inner three arched petals are marked with purple, and are early deciduous, but the external petals persist for some time, are accrescent, and gradually turn bright orange-yellow. The -species is well characterized by its unusually large flowers, and although its vegetative characters resemble those of Mitrephora williamsii C. B. Rob., the two species are not at all closely allied. X, C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 253 MITREPHORA SAMARENSIS sp. nov. Arbor 10 ad 12 m alta, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis ovato-ellipticis ad oblong-ovatis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis, acuminatis, basi subacutis ad subrotundatis, nitidis, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7, subtus pro- minentibus; racemis paucifloris, floribus usque ad 3 cm diametro, petalis exterioribus elliptico-ovatis, undulatis, extus pubescenti- bus, intus glabris, interioribus arcuatis, circiter 12 mm longis, acuminatis, intus dense hirsutis; carpellis circiter 12, hirsutis. A tree 10 to 12 m high, the younger parts and the inflores- cences rather prominently ferruginous-pubescent. Branches te- rete, glabrous, nearly black when dry. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate-elliptic to oblong-ovate, rather pale when dry, shining on both surfaces, glabrous or the midribs slightly pubescent, at least when young, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, base sub- acute to subrounded, apex distinctly acuminate; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, when young somewhat pubes- cent on the lower surface, curved, prominent, looped-anastomos- ing; petioles about 5 mm long. Racemes short, on the ultimate branchlets, mostly leaf-opposed, the rachis 1 cm long or less, densely ferruginous-pubescent as are the pedicels and sepals, each raceme producing but one or two flowers at a time, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm long. Sepals broadly ovate, coriaceous, somewhat acuminate, 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter. Outer petals elliptic-ovate, acuminate, base somewhat narrowed, up to 1.6 ecm long and 11 mm wide, outside pubescent, prominently un- dulate, inside glabrous, pale yellow to buff-yellow with blotches of red, inside deep orange; inner petals about 12 mm long, vaulted, pubescent externally, the claw 6 to 7 mm long, the limb broadly ovate, somewhat acuminate, basal angles rounded, about 5 mm long and wide, inside densely hirsute. Stamens indefinite, closely packed, about 1 mm long, the truncate connectives con- cealing the anther-cells. Carpels about 12, oblong, hirsute, nar: rowed upward, about 1 mm long, the styles oblong-obovate, gla- brous, as long as the ovaries; ovules about 4. Samar, Cauayan Valley, Phil. Pl. 1666 Ramos (type) , April, 1914, BILI- RAN, Bur. Sci. 18550 McGregor, June, 1914, in forests, altitude about 300 m. A species manifestly very closely allied to Mitrephora maingayi Hook. f. & Th., but with much smaller, fewer nerved leaves. King figures the external petals of M. maingayi as prominently pubescent inside, while in the present species they are quite glabrous internally. This may be the same as Mitrephora pictiflora Elm., of which I have seen no specimens, but it differs in many details from the description of that species, notably in its somewhat smaller leaves, and smaller flowers, the outer petals quite glabrous inside, not strigose. 254 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 PSEUDUVARIA Miquel The genus Pseuduvaria was proposed by Miquel’* for the species described by Blume as Uvaria reticulata, which is, there- fore, the type of the genus Pseuduvaria. The section Mitre- phora of Uvaria as characterized by Blume" is typified by Mitrephora obtusa (Blume) Hook. f. & Th., a species with perfect flowers. Miquel’s genus Pseuduvaria was reduced by Bentham & Hooker f. to Mitrephora, and all authors who have recently considered the Indian and Malayan species of Anonac- eae ** have followed Bentham & Hooker f. in their treatment of Miquel’s genus, although all consider species that properly fall in Pseuduvaria, whether this be considered as a valid genus or merely as a section of Mitrephora. As genera are now charac- terized in the Anonaceae, I consider that Pseuduvaria is suf- ficiently distinct from Mitrephora to be recognized as a valid genus; it is certainly more strongly differentiated from Mitre- phora, and Orophea, the allied genera, than are several other gen- erally recognized genera of the family. The section Para-Orophea Boerl.'* is the same as the genus Pseuduvaria Miq., at least as to most of the species placed here by Boerlage, and the first species cited. In proposing the section Boerlage states: “Les espéces de cette section se rapprochent d’Orophea par les dimensions de le fleur et la grandeur relative des pétales, mais les étamines quoique moins nombreuses sont analogues 4 celles des Mitrephora. M. King en rapportant au genre Mitrephora l’espéce décrite comme Orophea reticulata par Miquel fait prévaloir le caractére des étamines; je l’ai imité pour éviter de nouveaux changements dans la délimitation des genres.” As Pseuduvaria (Para-Orophea) is intermediate be- tween Mitrephora and Orophea, and is apparently distinguished from both by constant characters, it appears logical to recognize the group as a valid genus. I accordingly refer to Pseuduvaria the following species: PSEUDUVARIA RETICULATA (Blume) Migq. F. Ind. Bat. 1* (1858) 33. Uvaria reticulata Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. (1828-36) 50, t. 24. Mitrephora reticulata Hook. f. & Th. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) * Fl. Ind. Bat. 17 (1858) 32. “Fl. Jav. Anonaceae 82, t. 10, t. 14 C. * King, G. The Anonaceae of British India. Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 1-169, t. 1-220; Boerlage, J. G. Notes sur les Anonacées du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg. Jc. Bogor. 1 (1899) 79-156, t. 26-75; Diels, L. Die Anonaceen von Papuasien. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 49 (1912) 113-167. *Tec. Bogor. 1 (1899) 138. X,.C, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 255 77; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 113, t. 156A; Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 139. Orophea reticulata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 23. The known range of the species is Burma, Perak, Malacca, Java, and Noesa Kambangan. I have seen the following specimens: Perak, Ridley 14599; Java, cult. Buitenz., 1V, H, 104; Noesa Kambangan, Native collector 247. This species is the type of the genus Pseuduvaria Miquel. PSEUDUVARIA DIEPENHORSTII Teysm. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 27 (1864) 38. Mitrephora diepenhorstii Teysm. & Binn. Cat. Hot. Bogor. (1856) 175; Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 139, t. 47. Orophea diepenhorstii Scheff. in Flora 52 (1869) 302. Sumatra; Java, cult. in Hort. Bogor. JV, H, 54! PSEUDUVARIA GLANDULIFERA (Boerl.) comb. nov. Mitrephora glandulifera Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 139, 175, ft. 60. Origin unknown, but probably from some part of the Malay Archipelago; cultivated in the Botanical Garden at Buitenzorg IV, H, 34! PSEUDUVARIA RUGOSA (Blume) comb. nov. Uvaria rugosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 12; Fl. Jav. Anon. 47, ¢. 22. Orophea rugosa Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1* (1858) 26. Mitrephora rugosa Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1899) 140. Java; cult. in hort. bot. Bogor. IV, G, 95, 95a! PSEUDUVARIA MACROPHYLLA (Oliver) comb. nov. Mitrephora macrophylla Oliver in Hook. Ic. 16 (1887) ¢. 1582; King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 4 (1893) 114, t. 157! Penang, Perak, Ridley 14600, 14601! PSEUDUVARIA PRAINI! (King) comb. nov. Mitrephora prainii King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 61° (1892) 88, Ann. Bot. Gard. Caleutta 4 (1893) 115, t. 158. Andaman Islands. PSEUDUVARIA AURANTIACA (Miq.) comb. nov. Orophea aurantiaca Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 25. Borneo. PSEUDUVARIA VERSTEEGII (Diels) comb. nov. Mitrephora versteegii Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 49 (1912) 154. New Guinea. To this genus are probably to be referred the following species: Mitre- phora grandifolia Diels (Stelechocarpus grandifolia Warb), of New Guinea; Orophea trachycarpa Miq., of Sumatra (possibly identical with Pseuduvaria diepenhorstit T. & B.); Orophea sumatra Miq., of Sumatra; Mitrephora (?) parallelivenia Boerl., of Borneo (fruits and flowers unknown); Mi- trephora aperta T. & B., of Java [perhaps identical with Pseuduvaria reticulata (Bl.) Miq.]; Mitrephora chrysocarpa Boerl., of Borneo; M. (?) ovata Boerl., of New Guinea; and M. (?) rupestris Boerl., of Celebes 256 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 (flowers unknown, but from Boerlage’s figure apparently in the group with Pseuduvaria diepenhorstii Miq.). PSEUDUVARIA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Arbor dioeca, 10 ad 15 m alta, plus minusve molliter pubes- centibus; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 16 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, supra, costa exceptis, glabris, nitidis, subtus pallidis, molliter pubescentibus, nervis utrinque circiter 10, prominentibus; flor- ibus 8 numerosis, axillaribus, fasciculatis, longe pedicellatis, pubescentibus, petalis exterioribus ovatis, quam sepalis paullo majoribus, interioribus valde diversis, longe unguiculatis, circi- ter 6 mm longis; staminibus circiter 50, uvarioideis. A tree 10 to 15 m high, dicecious, more or less softly pubescent. Branches terete, dark-colored when dry, more or less wrinkled, glabrous, the young branchlets rather densely and softly pubes- cent with pale or subferruginous hairs. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, rather pale when dry, shining, oblong to oblong- lanceolate, 9 to 16 cm long, 3 to 4.5 em wide, base acute, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the upper surface brownish- olivaceous or rather pale, glabrous except the more or less pubes- cent midrib, the lower surface much paler than the upper, rather softly pubescent with grayish hairs; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anas- tomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles about 3 mm long, pubescent, ultimately subglabrous. Male flowers numer- ous, axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, yellow, 2 to 10 in a fascicle, their pedicels about 1.5 cm long, densely pubescent, the buds depressed-globose. Sepals 3, broadly ovate, obtuse, densely pubescent, about 1.5 mm long. Outer 3 petals quite similar to the sepals but 2 mm long; inner 3 petals entirely different from the outer, clawed, arched, about 6 mm long, pubescent, coriaceous, the claw slender below, widened above, about 4 mm long, the limb 3.5 to 4 mm wide, cohering by the lateral margins leaving an opening in the center above the stamens. Stamens about 50, uvarioid, densely crowded on the pubescent torus, about 0.7 mm long, truncate, the anther-cells concealed by the connectives. Pistillate flowers not seen. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Hinabaan, For. Bur. 20182 Aguilar (type) April 22, 1913: Province of Cagayan, Claverié; For. Bur. 12987 Bernardo. Probably. referable here is Merrill 9213 from Palawan, the specimen in fruit. The alliance of this species is with the Sumatran Pseuduvaria diepen- horstti T. & B., which it greatly resembles. It is distinguished, however, by its ridunieietass and its fewer nerved leaves. K, ©, 4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Axonaceae, I 957 OROPHEA Blume OROPHEA AVERSA (Elm.) comb. nov. Mitrephora aversa Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot, 5 (1913) 1719. MINDANAO, Province of Agusan, Mount Urdaneta, Elmer 13985, October, 1912, type number. This species is in all respects an Orophea, not a Mitrephora. Its inner petals are longer than the outer, and its stamens are miliusioid. Elmer has described the flowers as pistillate, but in the younger ones the stamens are present, stout, glabrous, about 1 mm long, few in number (apparently about 6), the cells not obscured by the overlapping connectives. The carpels are about 6 in number, about 1 mm long (not 1 dm long as described), each with 2 or 3 ovules. OROPHEA POLYANTHA sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis foliis subtus ad costa nervisque inflo- rescentiisque ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis chartaceis, in sic- citate brunneis, oblongis ad elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 13 cm longis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 7 vel &, curvato-adscendentibus; inflorescentiis numerosis, extra-axillar- ibus, depauperato-cymosis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis; floribus numero- sis, sepalis late ovatis, 3 mm longis, obtusis petalis exterioribus circiter 5 mm longis, patulis vel reflexis, late ovatis, interioribus unguiculatis, circiter 7 mm longis, arcuatis; staminibus circiter 6, miliusioideis; carpellis circiter 6, pubescentibus. A small tree, the branchlets, leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves beneath, and the inflorescence rather prominently ferru- ginous-pubescent. Branches slender, terete, glabrous, very dark brown or nearly black when dry. Leaves chartaceous, brownish when dry, oblong to elliptic-ovate, 7 to 13 cm long, 3 to 5 em wide, the upper surface somewhat pubescent when young, in age quite glabrous, the lower surface ferruginous- pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, prominent, curved-ascend- ing; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Cymes depauperate, extra-axil- lary, among the leaves and on the branchlets below the leaves, numerous, solitary, the rachis 5 mm long or less, with numerous small bracts. Flowers few in each inflorescence, but 1 or 2 opening at the same time, their pedicels about 1 cm long, thick- ened upward, ferruginous-pubescent, with an oblong, 2 mm long bracteole at the lower one-third. Sepals pubescent, spread- ing, broadly ovate, obtuse, about 3 mm long. Outer 3 petals similar to the sepals but larger, about 5 mm long, spreading or refiexed, obtuse; inner 3 petals clawed, arcuate, thick, pubescent, about 7 mm long, the limb subrhomboid, coarsely acuminate- rostrate, about 3 mm long and 2.5 to 3 mm wide. Stamens about 258 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 6, miliusioid, about 1 mm long. Carpels about 6, inequilaterally ovoid, about 1.2 mm long, densely pubescent, crowded, the ovules 4. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Phil. Pl. 1673 Ramos, April, 1914, in forests near small streams. There are several Philippine species from which this one is not strongly differentiated. It is apparently most closely allied to Orophea bracteolata Merr., from which it differs in its very much smaller bracteoles, fewer nerved leaves, fewer stamens, and much fewer carpels. OROPHEA TARROSAE sp. nov. Arbor parva, circiter 6 m alta, subtus foliis ad nervos petiolis ramulis inflorescentiisque plus minusve pubescentibus; foliis ob- longis, chartaceis, in siccitate pallidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, brevissime obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis vel subrotundatis, nervis utrinque 10, subtus prominentibus; racemis brevibus, extra-axillaribus; floribus 2 vel 38, petalis exterioribus 6 mm longis; staminibus 6. A small tree, about 6 m high, the branches slender, terete, black or nearly so when dry, glabrous, the branchlets distinctly ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, rather pale when dry, of about the same color on both surfaces, shining, 10 to 16 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, the apex very shortly and bluntly acuminate, base acute or somewhat rounded, the upper surface glabrous, the lower sparingly pubescent on the midrib and nerves; lateral nerves 10 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent, distinctly looped-anastomosing; petioles very short, 3 mm long, pubescent. Racemes extra-axillary, short, pubescent, solitary, few-flowered, their rachises 1.5 cm long or less, usually producing two flowers at a time. Pedicels slender, 8 to 10 mm long, pubescent, with an ovate, acuminate, about 2 mm long, pubescent bracteole at about the middle or below. Sepals ovate, pubescent, acuminate, 3 mm long. Outer 3 petals ovate, obtuse, about 6 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, pubescent on both surfaces, distinctly nerved. Inner three petals arcuate, 8 mm long, the claw glabrous, 4 mm long, the limb thick, somewhat triangular, acute, pubescent on the back, glabrous within, about 5 mm wide. Stamens 12, 2-seriate. Carpels 6, narrowly ovoid, pubescent, somewhat curved, 2 mm long, each containing 5 ovules arranged in a single row. MINDANAO, District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 14927 Tarrosa & Almagro, April 20, 1912, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 40 meters. The flowers are said to be yellow and fragrant. A species characterized among the Philippine forms by its comparatively large leaves which are very shortly and bluntly acuminate. ae ae Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 259 OROPHEA WILLIAMSII sp. nov, Arbor parva, plus minusve pubescentibus; foliis oblongis, char- taceis, usque ad 17 cm longis, in siccitate supra pallidis, nitidis, apice distincte acuminatis, basi acutis vel subrotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus prominentibus; floribus in fasiculis vel in umbellis breviter pedunculatis extra-axillaribus dispositis, pedicellis 1.5 ad 2 cm longis; petalis exterioribus ovatis, 8 mm longis; staminibus 12. A small tree, about 4 m high. Branches terete, slender, dark- colored when dry, glabrous, the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, 11 to 17 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, the upper surface glabrous, pale and shining when dry, the lower somewhat brownish, duller, distinctly pubescent on the midrib and to a less degree on the lateral nerves, the base acute or somewhat rounded, the apex narrowed into a distinct, blunt acumen about 1 cm in length; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, somewhat curved-ascending, distinctly anastomosing, the reticulations fine, subparallel, not prominent; petioles pubescent, 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers yellowish, in extra-axillary fascicles or in shortly pedun- cled umbels, 2 to 6 flowers in each. Pedicels prominently pubes- cent, 1.5 to 2 cm long, subtended by basal, lanceolate, acuminate, 3.5 mm long bracts, each bearing a similar bracteole at about the lower one-third. Sepals broadly ovate, acuminate, pubescent, 4mm long. Outer three petals broadly ovate, pubescent, acute or obtuse, 8 mm long, 5 mm wide, nerved, the inner three of about the same length, the claw glabrous, 3 mm long, bearing an orbicular-reniform rounded limb which is pubescent on the back and glabrous on the inner face and distinctly horizontally sulcate or somewhat cucullate. Stamens 12, in two series, 1 to 1.2 mm long. Carpels about 5, densely pubescent, narrowly ovoid, 2 mm long, somewhat curved, each with about 6 ovules, apparently borne in two rows. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, R. S. Williams 2311, February 26, 1905, in forests, altitude about 200 meters. A species manifestly allied to Orophea villamilii Merr., but with dif- ferently shaped, rather prominently acuminate leaves, more numerous, longer pedicelled flowers, and entirely differently shaped inner petals which are glabrous within and horizontally sulcate or cucullate. OXYMITRA Hook. f. & Thomson OXYMITRA BAKERI sp. nov. Frutex scandens, partibus junioribus infructescentibus exceptis glaber vel subglaber; foliis anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 25 cm 133906——3 260 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 longis, 1.5 ad 2.5 cm latis, sursum sensim angustatis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis cordatisque, subtus glau- cescentibus, nervis utrinque circiter 25; pedunculis axillaribus, tenuibus, circiter 3.5 cm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis, glabris, circiter 8 mm longis, obtuse apiculatis. A scandent shrub, nearly glabrous except the younger parts, the infructescence, and the flowers. Branches terete, slender, glabrous, nearly black when dry, about 2.5 mm in diameter or less, the branchlets slenderer and somewhat ferruginous- pubescent. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 15 to 24 cm long, 15 to 5 em wide, subcoriaceous, gradually narrowed upward to the acute or somewhat acuminate apex, the base rather broadly and abruptly rounded and distinctly cordate, the upper surface smooth, shining, the lower glaucous, pubescent with very few scat- tered hairs, ultimately quite glabrous; lateral nerves about 25 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations lax, not parallel; petioles 2 to 3 mm long, glabrous or nearly so. Flowers not seen. Fruiting peduncles axillary, solitary, slender, up to 3.5 cm long, glabrous. Fruits numerous, glabrous, ellipsoid, about 8 mm long, reddish-brown when dry, blunt-apiculate, their pedicels pubes- cent, about 1 cm long. Luzon, Province of Laguna, hills back of Paete, C. F. Baker 3691 (type), December 28, 1914: Province of Albay, Calanaga, Bur. Sci. 6290 Robinson, August, 1908, sterile specimen. A very characteristic species, at once recognizable by its very narrow, greatly elongated leaves. OXYMITRA LANCEOLATA sp. nov. Frutex scandens; foliis lanceolatis, coriaceis, acuminatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, basi obtusis vel subacutis, distincte biglan- dulosis, supra glabris, nitidis, vel junioribus plus minusve pubes- centibus, subtus brunneis, pubescentibus, nervis utrinque circiter 10; floribus solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, 3.5 cm longis, petalis sulcatis; carpellis 1-ovulatis. A scandent shrub, the branches terete, glabrous, dark-colored when dry, the younger branchlets, petioles, pedicels, flowers, and lower surfaces of the leaves rather densely and uniformly pubes- cent with short, brown or ferruginous hairs. Leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, narrowed upward to the acuminate apex, the base subacute, obtuse, or sometimes nearly rounded with two small glands on the upper surface at the junction of the petiole, when young somewhat pubescent on the upper surface, when mature quite glabrous, dark brown, shining, the lower surface paler; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, ascending; petioles about 2 %@,'4 Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 261 mm long. Flowers green and pink, on the ultimate branchlets opposite the terminal leaves. Calyx pubescent, the sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, about 3 mm long. Outer three petals narrowly lanceolate, coriaceous, about 3.5 cm long, 8 mm wide, longitudinally sulcate, uniformly brown-pubescent, narrowed upward to the blunt apex, the base slightly concave; inner three petals narrowly ovate, glabrous, thickly coriaceous, 6 to 7 mm long, deeply concave, prominently and sharply acu- minate. Stamens many, about 1 mm long, the connectives trun- cate. Carpels many, narrowly oblong, somewhat curved, 1.2 to 1.4 mm long, narrowed upward, about 1.2 mm long; stigmas of the outer carpels narrowly oblong, up to 1 mm long, of the inner ones irregularly obovoid, truncate, shorter; ovules solitary. LEYTE, near Dagami, in forests, Bur. Sci. 15342 Ramos, August, 1912. A species manifestly allied to Oxymitra biglandulosa (Blume) Scheff., but with very differently shaped leaves, more numerous nerves, and some- what longer flowers. It differs from O. urdanatensis Elm. notably in its more numerously nerved leaves. OXYMITRA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. noy. Frutex scandens, partibus junioribus ferrugineo-pubescen- tibus; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 25 cm longis, apice rotundatis, basi cordatis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus glaucis, ad costa nervisque ferrugineo-pubescen- tibus, nervis utrinque 16 ad 18; floribus extra-axillaribus, solitariis, longe pedicellatis, circiter 5.5 cm longis, ferrugineo- pubescentibus, petalis exterioribus concavis, interioribus glabris vel subglabris, circiter 9 mm longis, carpellis dense hirsutis. A scandent shrub, the younger leaves, twigs, and flowers rather densely ferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, brown, slender, more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, subcoriaceous, 17 to 25 cm long, 7.5 to 11 cm wide, apex broadly rounded, base equilateral or somewhat inequilateral, cordate, scarcely narrowed, the upper surface brown and shining when dry, glabrous, or the midrib slightly pubescent, the lower surface glaucous, the midrib and nerves dark brown, ferru- ginous-pubescent; lateral nerves 16 to 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petioles stout, 8 mm long or less, ferruginous- pubescent. Flowers extra-axillary, solitary, their pedicels about 2 cm long, densely ferruginous-pubescent, with an oblong-lanceo- late, acuminate, 6 to 7 mm long bracteole at the lower one-third. Sepals 3, sometimes 4, oblong-ovate, obtuse or acute, ferruginous- pubescent, coriaceous, about 9 mm long and 5.5 mm wide. Outer petals 3, sometimes 4, narrowly lanceolate, ferruginous-pubescent, 5.5 cm long, 1 cm wide below, convex at the base, above chan- 262 The Philippine Journal of Science ' 1915 neled-concave, narrowed upward; inner petals 3, glabrous or very slightly pubescent toward their apices, coriaceous, oblong-ovate, slightly acuminate, about 9 mm long and 4 to 4.5 mm wide, keeled. Anthers many, 2.2 to 2.5 mm long, the cells concealed by the overlapping connectives. Carpels numerous, densely fer- ruginous-hirsute, including the style and stigma about 2.5 mm long, the style glabrous, slender, thickened upward. PALAWAN, Malampaya Bay, Binaloan, Merrill 9418 (type), May, 1913, in forests back of the beach. Possibly referable here is For. Bur. 17901 Barros, from Cagayan Province, Luzon, November, 1912, but the specimen is old, poorly prepared, and in fruit only. The alliance of this species is with Oxymitra latifolia Hook. f. & Th. of the Malay Peninsula, but with more numerous lateral nerves, larger flowers, and longer pedicels. From Oxymitra longiflora Merr. it differs notably in its shorter flowers. GONIOTHALAMUS Hook. f. & Thomson GONIOTHALAMUS COPELANDII sp. nov. Arbor glabra vel subglabra; foliis oblongis, chartaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi acutis apice brevissime abrupte acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, subtus prominentibus, anastomosan- tibus; floribus in ramis defoliatis, solitariis vel fasciculatis, pe- dicellatis, circiter 5 cm longis, petalis interioribus carpellisque pubescentibus, cetero glabris; stigmatibus anguste hypocrateri- formibus, truncatis, fissis. A tree about 15 m high, quite glabrous except the terminal buds, the interior petals, and the carpels. Branches terete, dark- colored when dry, wrinkled. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, rather pale when dry, slightly shining and of about the same color on both surfaces, the base acute, the apex abruptly and very shortly acuminate; lateral nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, rather slender but very prominent on the lower surface, dis- tinctly anastomosing, mostly impressed on the upper surface, the reticulations slender, lax, not prominent; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers greenish, tinged with lavender, on the branches below the leaves, solitary, in pairs, or in fascicles, their pedicels about 2 cm long, subtended by small bracts. Sepals thickly coriaceous, ovate, about 14 mm long, 9 mm wide, rounded, rather distinctly nerved, glabrous. Outer three petals very thickly coriaceous, almost fleshy when fresh, glabrous, oblong to oblong- ovate, the apex rounded, margins thickened and somewhat in- curved, 4 to 5 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, the base somewhat contracted to a width of about 7 mm and there slightly concave; inner three petals connivent into a cone by their very thick nw Merrill: Studies on Philippine Anonaceae, I 263 margins, sessile, oblong-ovate, obtuse, very thick, slightly pubes- cent externally, concave, 10 to 12 mm long, 6 mm wide. Stamens indefinite, linear-oblong, flat, 4 to 4.5 mm long, about 1 mm wide, closely packed, the connectives ovate-sagittate, 1 mm long, rostrate-acuminate. Carpels many, pubescent, narrowly oblong, about 2 mm long, narrowed into the slender, flattened, 2 mm long styles, the stigmas narrowly funnel-shaped, truncate, split down one side, 1 mm wide when spread, ovule solitary, basal. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Sax River, mountains back of San Ramon, Merrill 8297, November 28, 1911, in hill forests, altitude about 900 meters. Apparently a very distinct species, in its stigma-characters allied to Goniothalamus tenuifolius King, but otherwise very different and in habit and general appearance somewhat resembling G, prainianus King, to which, however, it does not seem to be closely allied. GONIOTHALAMUS GIGANTIFOLIUS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 5 m altus, glaber vel subglaber; foliis oblongis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 60 cm longis et 20 cm latis, nitidis, pallidis, basi acutis, apice latissime breviter obtuse acumi- natis vel obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 30, valde prominentibus, supra impressis, arcuate-anastomosantibus, reticulis distinctis, laxis, floribus caulinis vel e ramis vetustioribus, ut videtur soli- tariis, breviter pedicellatis; fructibus oblongis, cylindraceis, acu- minato-rostratis, 2.5 to 4.5 em longis, circiter 1 cm diametro, in siccitate rugosis, glabris; seminibus 2. A shrub about 5 m high, apparently quite glabrous except parts of the flower and fruit. Branches terete, smooth, dark reddish- brown. Leaves very large, up to 60 cm long and 20 cm wide, oblong, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, rather pale, of the same color, and shining on both surfaces when dry, the base acute, the apex very shortly, broadly, and obtusely acuminate or merely obtuse; lateral nerves about 30 on each side of the midrib, somewhat ascending, nearly straight, impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, prominently arched- anastomosing 1 cm from the margin or less to form a very prominent, arched, marginal nerve; petioles stout, about 2 cm long. Flowers unknown, from the trunk or the larger branches, solitary, the pedicels, in fruit, 1 to 1.5 cm long, subtended by several small basal bracteoles, slightly pubescent. Fruits 5 to 20 on each peduncle, oblong to cylindric, 2.5 to 4.5 cm long, about 1 em in diameter, very dark brown when dry, the pericarp thin, wrinkled, base acute, apex prominently rostrate-acuminate, exter- nally very sparingly pubescent with scattered, short, shining, 264 The Philippine Journal of Science brown hairs, the pedicels about 1 cm long, with more numerous similar hairs. Seeds 2, rarely 3, about 1 cm long and 5 mm thick, prominently ruminate. BASILAN, near Singal, For. Bur. 18958 Miranda, September 26, 1912, altitude about 160 meters. A very strongly marked species readily distinguishable by its very large, prominently nerved leaves, its solitary cauline flowers, and its cylindric, rostrate-acuminate fruits. It apparently belongs in the group with Gonio- thalamus curtisii King. GONIOTHALAMUS AMUYON (Blanco) comb. nov. Uvaria amuyon Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 463. Unona cauliflora Blanco FI. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 323; ed. 3, 2 (1878) 235. Melodorum fulgens F.-Vill. Novis, App. (1880) 7, non Hook. f. & Th. Goniothalamus gitingensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1710. The species recently described by Elmer as Goniothalamus gitingensis is quite identical with the form I interpret as Uvaria amuyon Blanco. It is not an abundant species in the Philippines, but is widely distributed. I refer here the following specimens: Luzon, Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5642 Klemme: Province of Pangasinan, Alberto: Province of Batangas, Ramos: SIBUYAN, Elmer 12507. BouHou, Bur. Sci. 1229 McGregor. Its name in Ilocos Sur and Pangasinan is sagiat; in Batangas and in Bohol amuyong or amuyon, and its fruits are used for medicinal purposes. An allied form occurs in Tayabas, appearing under the Tagalog name amuyong, but it does not agree as well with Blanco’s description as does the present form. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vol. X, No. 4, July, 1915. PLANTAE WENZELIANAE, III By E. D. MERRILL * (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The second paper under the above title was published in 1914,’ and the present one is in all respects similar to it, being based primarily on botanical material collected by Mr. C. A. Wenzel, in Leyte. In the first two papers seventy-one new species were proposed, while in the present one twenty-one new species are described and the new genus Wenzelia of the family Rutaceae. The genera Trigonopleura and Sarcostigma are new to the Philip- pine flora. New forms are described in the following families: Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Commelinaceae, Urticaceae, Fagaceae, Burseraceae, Araceae, Symplocaceae, Myristicaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, and Icacinaceae. A few notes on nomenclature are included. ARACEAE RHAPHIDOPHORA Hasskarl RHAPHIDOPHORA ACUMINATA sp. nov. Scandens, ramis circiter 0.5 cm diametro; foliis oblongis, sub- coriaceis, integris, oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, inaequilate- ralibus, usque ad 23 cm longis, tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, basi subacutis, nitidis, nervis utrinque numerosis, dense dispositis, primariis quam secundariis paullo distinctioribus; spadicibus cilindricis, circiter 10 cm longis, 1 cm diametro. Scandent, glabrous, about 4 m high, the stems about 1 cm in diameter, the branchlets 5 mm thick. Leaves subcoriaceous, dark olivaceous when dry, shining, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 23 em long, 5 to 8 cm wide, apex slenderly caudate- acuminate, base subacute, distinctly inequilateral, one side one- third to one-half wider than the other; lateral nerves very numerous, slender, dense, the primary ones more distinct than ‘Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. * Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1904) Bot. 353-389. 265 266 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 the secondary, about 10 on each side of the midrib, ascending ; petioles 9 to 13 cm long, the younger ones with membranaceous sheathlike margins up to 5 mm in width, extending nearly or quite to the apex of the petiole and there auriculate, these deciduous in age. Peduncles about 7 cm long. Spathes not seen. Spadices sessile, dense, cylindric, about 10 cm long, 1 cm in diam- eter. Filaments about 3 mm long, the anthers one-third as long. Pistil 4 mm long, somewhat angled by mutual pressure, about 2 mm in diameter at the apex, slightly depressed, the stigma sessile, orbicular. LeyTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1139, September, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters, flowers white. A species similar to and manifestly allied to Rhaphidophora perkinsiae Engl., from which it differs in its relatively narrower, somewhat thinner, slenderly acuminate leaves, its much slenderer spadices, and its shorter flowers. COMMELINACEAE CYANOTIS D. Don CYANOTIS PEDUNCULATA sp. nov. § Eucyanotis. Planta circiter 20 cm alta, caulibus inferne prostratis, radican- tibus, parce ramosis; foliis oblongo-ovatis, chartaceis, glabris, acuminatis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, in siccitate plus minusve pur- pureis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, longe pedunculatis, bracteis 2 magnis valde inaequalibus suffultis, bracteolis lanceolatis, nume- rosis, circiter 4 mm longis, carinatis, ciliatis; petalis purpureis, circiter 5 mm longis, tubo 7 mm longo. A rather slender plant about 20 cm long, the stems prostrate below and rooting at the nodes, then erect or ascending, glabrous, simple or with a single branch. Leaves chartaceous, glabrous, oblong-ovate or oblong, 8 to 4.5 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, acuminate, base rounded, more or less purple when dry; sheaths loose, 6 to 8 mm long, bearded at the base and apex with long soft hairs, a few similar hairs along the side opposite the attach- ment of the leaf. Inflorescence terminal, the peduncles 5 to 6 cm long, the flowers rather numerous, scorpioid, but one or two opening at a time, all inclosed by two large, very unequal, im- bricate, spreading bracts, the basal parts of the bracts inflated, about 8 mm long, the larger one outermost and bearded in the central part of the inflated portion on both sides; limbs spreading, that of the smaller bract 1 cm long or less, of the larger one oblong, acuminate, up to 2.5 cm long. Flowers nuinerous, purple, scorpioid, but one or two opening at a time, the bracteoles nu- x, C, 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 267 merous, imbricate, acuminate, about 4 mm long, lanceolate, ciliate on one side. Calyx 6 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, 1.5 mm long, the tubular part compressed, keeled on one side or even narrowly winged, the keel or wing hispid-ciliate. Corolla-tube very slender, about 7 mm long, the lobes prominently nerved, pur- ple, about 5 mm long and 2.4 mm wide, elliptic-ovate, obtuse. Fertile stamens 5, the connectives broad; anthers about 1 mm wide and 0.3 mm long. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1024, July 25, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species apparently belonging in the group with Cyanotis cristata R. & S., but entirely different in its inflorescence. It is strongly characterized by its terminal, long-peduncled inflorescence, the flowers scorpioid and inclosed by two imbricate, large, very unequal bracts, the bracteoles numerous, lanceolate, imbricate, about 4 mm in length. FAGACEAE QUERCUS Linnaeus QUERCUS WENZELII sp. nov. § Cyclobalanus, Arbor circiter 20 m alta, inflorescentiis fructibusque minute griseo-puberulis exceptis glabris; foliis, ramis teretibus; foliis coriaceis, ovato-ellipticis ad ellipticis, usque ad 13 cm longis, pallidis, nitidis, integris, basi acutis, apice abrupte prominente acuminatis, acuminis obtusis; nervis utrinque circiter 10, pro- minentibus; glandibus ovoideis, apiculatis, puberulis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, 1.2 cm diametro; cupulis extus minutissime obscure griseo-puberulis, laminibus circiter 7, denticulatis. A tree about 20 m high, quite glabrous except the obscurely gray-puberulent inflorescences, cups, and more distinctly pubes- cent fruits. Branches terete, brownish, smooth, obscurely lenti- cellate, the young branchlets quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, pale and shining when dry, ovate to ovate-elliptic, 7 to 11 cm long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, base acute, apex rather abruptly and prominently acuminate, the acumen rather slender, blunt, usually about 1 cm long, the upper surface pale or pale greenish when dry, strongly shining, the lower surface paler than the upper, dull or slightly shining, the nerves pale brownish; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, nearly straight, somewhat ascending; petioles brownish, about 1 cm long. Male spikes axillary, solitary in the upper axils, up to © 10 cm long, obscurely puberulent, the flowers mostly in scattered fascicles of threes. Fruiting spikes up to 9 cm long, gray-puber- ulent, the rachis rather stout, the fruits up to 12 in each spike, 268 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 rather crowded. Cups up to 1.4 cm in diameter and 8 mm high, obscurely puberulent externally, appressed-pubescent inside, truncate, each composed of about 7 concentric, distantly and obscurely denticulate laminz, the lower laminz distant, the upper ones approximate, the scales quite united. Gland ovoid, apiculate, externally gray-puberulent, about 1.5 cm long and 1.2 cm in diameter. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, Wenzel 1157 (type), in fruit, 1008, with male flowers, October 12 and July 18, 1914. In forests, altitude about 500 m. A species belonging in the group with Quercus mindananesis Elm., from which it is at once distinguished by being nearly glabrous. In vegetative characters it somewhat resembles Quercus lipacon Elm., but its fruits are entirely different. MORACEAE FICUS Linnaeus FICUS JAROENSIS sp. nov. § Husyce. Frutex scandens foliis utrinque ramulisque parce longe ciliatis ; foliis alternis, oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, apice acuminatis, basi late rotundatis ad leviter cordatis, supra pallide viridis, subtus plus minusve brunneis, integris, margine recur- vatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, supra impressis, subtus valde prominentibus; receptaculis axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, sub- globosis, glabris, breviter pedunculatis, circiter 1 cm diametro. A scandent shrub reaching a height of 20 meters, the young branches and the leaves on both surfaces sparingly ciliate with long, scattered, more or less spreading, rather pale hairs. Branches terete, reddish-brown, sparingly papillate, the hairs from the papillae. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous, 8 to 15 em long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, prominently acuminate, base broadly rounded to obscurely cordate, margins entire, recurved, the upper surface pale greenish when dry, shining, with scattered papille, the hairs from the papille, the lower surface brownish, the hairs more numerous than on the upper surface; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, these and the primary reticulations impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, the nerves curved-ascending, anastomosing ; petioles about 1.5 cm long, reddish-brown, sparingly ciliate with long, spreading hairs. Receptacles axillary, solitary or in pairs, glabrous, globose, about 1 cm in diameter, brown when dry, smooth, their peduncles 4 to 6 mm long, with three broadly ovate bracteoles about 1 mm in length at the base of the peduncle. Fertile female flowers subsessile to stipitate, the perianth seg- XC 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 269 ments spatulate, equal, about 3 mm long, the ovary oblong, about 2 mm long, rounded at the apex, with a very short lateral style. LreyTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1089, September 9, 1914, the fruit yellow, becoming red when fully matured. In forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species similar to and manifestly closely allied to Ficus crininervia Migq., from which it differs in its thicker leaves which are rounded or only very slightly cordate at the base, not with a deep prominent sinus as in Miquel’s species. URTICACEAE LEUCOSYKE Moritzi LEUCOSYKE LEYTENSIS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 5 m altus; stipulis circiter 3 cm longis, extus prominente albido-villosis, chartaceis; foliis oblongis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, subrotundatis, distincte triplinerviis, subtus subalbidis, ad costa reticulisque ciliatis; capitulis ¢ axillaribus, plerumque binis, 7 ad 10 mm diametro, pedunculatis. A shrub about 5 m high, the branchlets and petioles prom- inently ciliate with spreading white hairs, the branches and branchlets somewhat reddish-brown in color. Leaves oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, harsh, 17 to 20 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, the upper surface olivaceous, shining, scabrid, the lower surface nearly white, prominently white-ciliate on the nerves, with fewer hairs on the reticulations, the nerves and reticulations brown in contrast to the pale surface, the apex sharply acumi- nate, base somewhat inequilateral, subrounded, distinctly 3-pli- nerved, the lateral nerves leaving the midrib near the base and extending about four-fifths to the apex, prominent, the margins . serrate-crenate; petioles about 1.5 cm long; stipules about 3 cm long, chartaceous, somewhat boat-shaped, hardly keeled, exter- nally prominently white-ciliate, the hairs rather soft, spreading below, more or less appressed in the upper part. Pistillate heads mostly in pairs, sometimes solitary, axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, globose, 7 to 10 mm in diameter, their peduncles ciliate, 8 to 10 mm long. Achenes oblong-ovoid, about 1.5 em long, obscurely penicillate at the apex. LreyTE, Buenavista, Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1061, August 20, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. The species in general resembles Leucosyke aspera C. B. Rob., from which it differs in its short petioles, while it is distinguished from both Leucosyke mindorensis C. B. Rob. and L. negrosensis C. B. Rob. in its indumentum, and from the latter also in its short petioles. 270 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 OLACACEAE WORCESTERIANTHUS Merrill WORCESTERIANTHUS MAGALLANENSIS (Elm.) comb. noy. Flacourtia magallanense Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1519. Worcesterianthus casearioides Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 288. Flacourtia magallanensis was based on four numbers of Elmer’s collection from Sibuyan, 12476, 12323, 12079, and 12142, all in fruit. This material, which I have recently been able to examine, is of the same species as are the specimens on which Worcesterianthus casearioides was based. Ad- ditional specimens are: LUZON, Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 21629 Lopez, Bur. Sci. 19528 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 20607 Ramos. MYRISTICACEAE MYRISTICA Linnaeus MYRISTICA WENZELII sp. nov. § Fatua. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, subtus foliis junioribus ramulisque minute ferrugineo-puberulis; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, acumi- natis, basi obtusis ad rotundatis, usque ad 38 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 35, prominentibus; floribus ¢ fasciculatis, in tuberculis crassis ferrugineis brevis simplicibus vel obscure fur- catis dispositis ; sepalis circiter 5 mm longis. A tree about 15 m high, the branches terete, brown, wrinkled, rather stout, glabrous, the growing parts minutely ferruginous- puberulent. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 20 to 38 cm long, 7 to 9 cm wide, entire, apex distinctly acuminate, base rounded to ob- tuse, margins somewhat recurved, the upper surface rather pale, shining, entirely glabrous, the midrib very prominent, the lower surface in younger leaves of about the same color as the upper, shining, minutely puberulent, the older leaves glabrous and somewhat grayish in color; lateral nerves about 35 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface; petioles stout, 1.5 to 3 cm long, broadly channeled on the upper surface, the younger ones puberulent, the older quite glabrous. Male inflores- cences chiefly on the branches below the leaves, of short, simple or obscurely forked, stout, densely ferruginous-pubescent tuber- cles about 5 mm long and thick, the flowers fascicled at the apices of the tubercles. Pedicels stout, pubescent, 1 to 2 mm long. Bracteole reniform, closely appressed to the calyx, pubes- cent, about 2 mm long and 3 mm wide. Sepals very thickly coriaceous, externally somewhat pubescent, ovate, obtuse, about 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide. Staminal column cylindric, 3.56 mm long, 2 mm in diameter, the anthers apparently about 15, entirely united. X, C, 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 971 LEYTE, Masaganap, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1152, September, 1914, in forests, altitude about 700 meters. A species greatly resembling Myristica fatua Houtt. and manifestly closely allied to it. It differs especially in its much more numerously nerved leaves which are ultimately glabrous. It is well characterized among the Philip- pine species by its very short, fascicled male inflorescence, the flowers arranged at the apices of short, stout, simple or forked tubercles, the tubercles generally about 5 mm long and thick. LAURACEAE BEILSCHMIEDIA Nees BEILSCHMIEDIA NERVOSA (Elm.) comb. nov. Linociera nervosa Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1652. Beilschmiedia leytensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 357. The type of Linociera nervosa Elm. was a fruiting specimen, the dupli- cates having been distributed under Pygeum. It is in all respects a Beil- schmiedia and excellently matches my type of Beilschmiedia leytensis. Mr. Elmer’s specific name, being the earlier, is here retained. I refer here also the following specimens: MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, For. Bur. 17955, 20581 Miranda. PALAWAN, Lake Manguao, Merrill 9452. It seems to be closely allied to B. sphaerocarpa H. Lecomte, of Indo-China. CRYPTOCARYA R. Brown CRYPTOCARYA PARVIFOLIA sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis junioribus subtus foliisque junioribus plus minusve ferrugineo-puberulis, ramulis infructescentibusque gla- bris; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis ad lanceolatis, usque ad 7 cm longis, coriaceis, pallidis, nitidis, subtus glabris glaucescentibus, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, subtus pro- minentibus; fructibus subellipsoideis, glabris, nitidis, in siccitate nigris, nitidis, laevis, circiter 12 mm longis. A tree, the very young branchlets distinctly ferruginous-puber- ulent, the older ones slightly so, becoming glabrous, the very young leaves slightly puberulent on the lower surface, otherwise glabrous (flowers unknown). Branches slender, terete, dark brown, the branchlets slender. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 5 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 2.6 cm wide, apex rather slenderly and gradually acuminate, base acute, the upper surface pale or pale olivaceous when dry, very smooth and shining, the lower much paler, glaucous-white; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, somewhat ascending and slightly curved, the reticulations dis- tinct; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. Panicles apparently short, the infructescences 5 cm long or less, terminal, and in the upper axils with very few short branches. Fruits subellipsoid, obtuse, subequally and slightly narrowed at both ends, smooth and shin- ing when dry, black, glabrous, not at all wrinkled or furrowed. 272 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 LryTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 998, July, 1914, in forests. A species similar to and apparently closely allied to Cryptocarya glauca Merr. but with very much smaller leaves. LITSEA Lamarck LITSEA LEYTENSIS sp, nov. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, glaberrima; foliis alternis, in ramulis ultimis plus minusve confertis, oblongis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, coriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, apice obtusis ad late obscure obtuseque acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 11; floribus umbellulatis, umbellulis racemose dispositis, racemis numerosis, usque ad 10 cm longis, e ramis defoliatis; floribus 6 ad 8 mm longis, glabris, staminibus fertilibus 12, exterioribus 5 ad 6 mm longis. A tree about 20 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches stout, terete, somewhat wrinkled when dry, grayish. Leaves crowded toward the apices of the branchlets, alternate, oblong to oblong- oblanceolate, coriaceous, 16 to 20 cm long, 5.5 to 7 cm wide, apex obtuse to shortly, obtusely, and broadly acuminate, base acute, the upper surface olivaceous or greenish-olivaceous, smooth and shining, the lower surface usually more brownish; lateral nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, prominent on both surfaces, curved, the ultimate reticulations dense, not prominent; petioles nearly black when dry, 2 to 3 cm long. Racemes numerous, spreading, on the branches below the leaves, 5 to 10 cm long. Umbels up to 12 in each raceme, in bud globose, the peduncles stout, 3 to 4 mm long. Involucral bracts 4, broadly ovate, con- cave, obtuse, 6 to 8 mm long. Flowers entirely glabrous, white, usually 5 in each umbel, 6 to 8 mm long; perianth segments 6, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to somewhat acuminate, 4 to 5mm long. Fertile stamens 12, all 4-celled, introrse, the outer ones 5 to 6 mm long, the basal glands of the inner filaments prominent, white, capitate, 1 to 1.2 mm in diameter. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 911, June 20, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. The alliance of this species seems to be with Litsea plateaefolia Elm., from which it is distinguished by its very differently shaped leaves, much fewer nerves, and entirely glabrous flowers. RUTACEAE WENZELIA genus novum (Aurantioideae-Aurantieae-Limoniinae) Calyx 5-lobus. Petala 5, libera, imbricata. Stamina 10, li- bera, aequalia, filamentis linearibus, antherae oblongae. Discus 2,4, 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 273 subeupularis. Ovarium stipitatum, 4- vel 5-loculare; stylus elongatus, cum ovario continuus, stigmate subcapitato; ovula in loculis 6, 2-seriata. Bacca corticata, paucisperma, obovoidea, basi contracta. Semina subelliptica, compressa; cotyledones carnosae. Frutex erectus, glaber, inerme. Folia alterna, bre- vissime petiolata, simplicia, oblonga, integerrima, glandulosa. Flores inter majores, axillares, solitarii. WENZELIA BREVIPES sp. nov. Frutex erectus, circiter 1 m altus, glaber; foliis alternis, ob- longis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, acumi- natis, basi obtusis ad rotundatis, in siccitate pallidis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, prominente arcuato-anastomosantibus; flo- ribus circiter 3.5 cm longis, solitariis, axillaribus; fructibus obovoideis, basi angustatis, 3 ad 4 cm longis. An erect, glabrous, unarmed shrub about 1 m high, the trunk about 3 cm in diameter. Branchlets slender, terete, greenish- olivaceous when dry. Leaves alternate, simple, presenting no indication of a joint between the lamina and the petiole, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, pale when dry, shining, 14 to 25 cm long, 5.5 to 6.5 cm wide, distinctly glandular-punctate, entire, apex acuminate, base obtuse to rounded; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, arched-anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, prominent; petioles 2 to 4 mm long. Flowers white, fragrant, axillary, solitary, their pedicels about 1 cm long, with 2, basal, oblong-ovate, 2 mm long bracteoles. Calyx 5 to 6 mm long, cup-shaped or somewhat campanulate, 5-lobed, glandular-punc- tate, the lobes very broadly ovate, rounded, about 2 mm long, wider than long. Petals 5, imbricate, up to 3.4 cm long and at least 8 mm wide, oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, narrowed below, prominently glandular-punctate. Stamens 10, free; filaments linear, 1.4 cm long, equal, rather slender, cylindric; anthers oblong, basifixed, 2-celled, about 3.8 mm long. Disk somewhat cup-shaped, 1.5 mm in diameter, forming a short gynophore. Ovary oblong-ellipsoid, glandular, about 4 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter, 4- or 5-celled, narrowed below into the 2 to 3 mm long stalk, and above into the cylindric style, which is about 9 mm long, continuous with the ovary, ultimately deciduous; stigma subcapitate, very obscurely lobed; ovules 6 in each cell, 2-seriate, axile. Fruits obovoid, 3 to 4 cm long, base narrowed, the pericarp coriaceous-fleshy, glandular; seeds few, apparently 8 or 4 in each fruit, the cotyledons thick, fleshy, oblong-obovoid, about 1.5 cm long and 1 cm wide. , 274 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1116, September 15, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. This genus is certainly in the Aurantioideae-Aurantieae-Limeniinae of Engler in spite of the fact that the ovules are more than two in each cell. Its alliance is with Paramigyna, from which it is distinguished by its more numerous ovules, 6 in each cell and 2-seriate, and, so far as most of the species of Paramigyna are concerned, by its erect habit, and by being unarmed. The genus is dedicated to Mr. C. A. Wenzel, in consideration of the rich botanical collections he has made in Leyte during the past two years; the specific name refers to the short petioles. BURSERACEAE CANARIUM Linnaeus CANARIUM CRASSIFOLIUM sp. nov. § Tenuipyrena ? Arbor circiter 20 m alta, glabra (floribus ignotis), ramulis brunneis, circiter 1 cm diametro, lenticellatis; foliis usque ad 40 cm longis, foliolis 9 vel 11, crasse coriaceis, oblongis, integris, usque ad 15 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis ad obtusis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 12; infructes- centibus folia paullo brevioribus, paniculatis; fructibus oblongo- ovoideis, 3 ad 3.5 cm longis, utrinque obtusis, teretibus, in sicci- tate rugosis, endocarpium tenue. A tree about 20 m high, entirely glabrous (flowers unknown). Branches terete, brown, the ultimate ones about 1 cm in diameter, with numerous small lenticels and with few large petiolar scars. Leaves up to, 40 cm in length, the petioles, rachis, and petiolules reddish-brown when dry; leaflets 9 to 11, oblong, thickly coria- ceous, pale and shining when dry, 11 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5 em wide, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, base acute to obtuse, slightly inequilateral, the margins entire; lateral nerves 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-anastomosing near the margins; petiolules 1 to 1.5 em long. Infructescence paniculate, in the upper axils, nearly as long as the uppermost leaves, all parts reddish-brown when dry and prominently wrin- kled, the primary branches few, mostly in the upper one-half, the lower ones about 6 cm long. Fruits oblong-ovoid, terete, 3 to 3.5 cm long, about 1.5 cm in diameter, subequally narrowed to the obtuse base and apex, brownish or grayish when dry, the pericarp prominently wrinkled when dry, sometimes a little glaucous; endocarp crustaceous, thin, smooth, not at all angled or ridged, 1-celled, the cotyledons conduplicate. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1090, September 9, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species somewhat resembling Canarium nitens Merr., but the infruc- tescence glabrous, the fruits smaller, and the leaflets different in shape and with fewer nerves. x, C, 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 275 EUPHORBIACEAE BACCAUREA Loureiro. BACCAUREA PHILIPPINENSIS (Merr.) comb. nov. Everettiodendron philippinense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 279; Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 916. This form was described as the basis of a new genus, Everettiodendron, with the statement that the affinities of the proposed new genus were not then clear to me. A recent study of more abundant material has convinced me that Everettiodendron is congeneric with Baccaurea, and accordingly the former genus is here reduced to Baccaurea, and its one species trans- ferred to Loureiro’s genus. In addition to the specimens cited in the original description, I have examined the following collections: LuzON, Prov- ince of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 13493 Medina, For. Bur. 14872, 14888 Villamil, For. Bur. 218138 Maneja: Province of Cagayan, Bur. Sci. 13821 Ramos: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 20885 Lopez: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 20416 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, Bur. Sci. 19516 Ramos. LEYTE, Wenzel 594, Bur. Sci. 15214, 15880 Ramos. Native names cited on the specimens are panglumbuyen, loslospit, ebeo, malacacao (Pangasinan), maraculilem (Cagayan), and baloboy (Zambales). TRIGONOPLEURA Hooker f. TRIGONOPLEURA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Species T. malayanae similis et valde affinis, differt nervis la- teralibus adscendentibus (ca. 45°), glandulis oblongo-obovoideis, antheris haud mucronatis. A tree 6 to 8 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence and the very young puberulent branchlets and leaves. Branches terete, brownish, smooth, glabrous. Leaves oblong, thickly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, brown or brownish-olivaceous when dry, shin- ing, the lower surface paler than the upper, 12 to 16 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide, base acute, apex rather prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, as- cending at an angle of 45° or less, prominent, slightly curved, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax; petioles 7 to 10 mm long. Flowers in axillary fascicles, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Sepals oblong, obtuse, densely puberulent with pale brownish hairs, about 5 mm long. Petals narrowly oblong, obtuse, about 5 mm long and 2 mm wide, villous on both surfaces. Disk-glands 5, sessile, oblong-obovoid, 1.5 mm long, obtuse, glabrous. Fila- ments united into a column 4 to 5 mm in length, villous, bearing near the apex 8 sessile, oblong, obtuse, 1 mm long anthers in two or three series. Rudimentary ovary reduced to 2 or 3, lanceolate, 1 mm long styles or stylelike bodies, glabrous. Female flowers not seen. Fruits ellipsoid, wrinkled when dry, not angled, densely puberulent with yellowish-brown hairs, the pericarp 1 to 1.5 mm thick. 183906——4 276 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17475 Ramos (type), March 14, 1914. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, Wenzel 709, 854, April 4, 1914 (flowers), and June 5, 1914 (immature fruits), in forests, altitude about 500 meters. Trigonopleura has hitherto been a monotypic genus, represented by T. malayana Hook. f. from the Malay Peninsula, so that the discovery of a second species in the Philippines is of considerable interest. The Philippine specimens were first referred to Trigonopleura malayana Hook. f., but as they did not agree entirely with the figure and descriptions of Hooker’s species, specimens were sent to Kew for comparison with the type. In a memorandum supplied by Sir D. Prain, director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, September 26, 1914, it is noted that the Philippine plant differs from Hooker’s type in the lateral nerves of the leaves diverging from the midrib at an angle of 45° or less, the glands of the staminal column oblong-obovoid and longer than wide, and the anthers obtuse, with no indication of a mucro. In 7. malayana Hook. f. the lateral nerves always diverge at a wide angle (about 70°), the glands are nearly as broad as long, and the anthers are clearly mucronate. The specimens collected by Ramos were probably distributed as Casearia sp. ICACINACEAE SARCOSTIGMA Wight & Arnott SARCOSTIGMA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. noy. Frutex alte scandens inflorescentiis parcissime pubescentibus exceptis glaber; foliis oblongis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, apice breviter obscure obtuse acuminatis apiculatisque, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, subtus valde prominentibus, curvato-adscendentibus, utrinque subfoveolato-reticulatis; paniculis axillaribus, laxis, usque ad 40 cm longis, ramis paucis, inferioribus usque ad 16 cm longis; floribus fasciculatis, sessilibus, 2.5 ad 3 mm longis, fasciculis distantibus. A woody vine reaching a height of 30 m and a diameter of 10 cm, entirely glabrous except the younger parts of the inflores- cence. Branches terete, grayish, sparingly lenticellate, slender. Leaves alternate, oblong, subcoriaceous, entire, 8 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, pale and shining when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, the apex obscurely broadly acuminate and usually somewhat apiculate, base acute; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending,- obscurely anastomosing, the _ reticulations rather dense, subfoveolate and about equally distinct on both surfaces; petioles 2 to 8 cm long. Panicles axillary, lax, up to 40 cm long, the branches scattered, slender, the lower ones up to 16 cm in length, the younger parts obscurely appressed-pubes- cent. Male flowers sessile, mostly in scattered fascicles, or on very young parts of the scattered branches, which are spicately KS, Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 277 arranged on the primary branches, 5-merous, yellow. Calyx shallow, about 1.83 mm in diameter, 0.56 mm high, obscurely denticulate. Petals 5, free, narrowly oblong, about 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, glabrous. Stamens alternating with the petals; filaments 1 mm long; anthers ovoid, as long as the filaments. Rudimentary ovary oblong-ovoid, hirsute, 0.7 mm long. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 987, July 16, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines and allied to Sarcostigma wallichii Baill., differing, however, in many characters, the leaves entirely glabrous not pubescent beneath, petioles much longer, and nerves fewer; the male inflorescence is entirely different, consisting of lax panicles up to 40 cm in length, not of simple spikes. BEGONIACEAE BEGONIA Linnaeus BEGONIA WENZELII nom. nov. Begonia leytensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 379, non Elm. Begonia leytensis Elm. is a synonym of Begonia quercifolia A. DC. [see Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1911) Bot. 311], and the previous use of this name was inadvertently overlooked by me when characterizing B. leytensis Merr. I accordingly propose the above new name for the form described by me as Begonia leytensis. FLACOURTIACEAE CASEARIA Jacquin CASEARIA PHANEROPHLEBIA sp. nov. Frutex circiter 5 m altus, subtus foliis minute puberulis ex- ceptis glaber; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 22 em longis, intégris vel obscure denticulatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus valde prominentibus; floribus numerosis, fasciculatis, fasciculis axillaribus et in axillis defoliatis, sepalis glabris, 5 mm longis, ovario pubescens. A shrub about 5 m high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete, rather stout, grayish-brown when dry, the young branchlets reddish-brown. Leaves shortly petioled, oblong to oblong- obovate, coriaceous, 14 to 22 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide, apex acu- minate, base acute, margins entire or very obscurely denticulate, pale brownish when dry, shining and of the same color on both surfaces, the upper surface glabrous, the lower minutely puber- ulent with scattered hairs; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, impressed on the upper surface, the reticulations subparallel, prominent; petioles about 5 mm long. Fascicles axillary and in the axils 278 The Philippine Journal of Science . 1915 of fallen leaves, many-flowered. Flowers yellow, their pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Sepals glabrous, elliptic to oblong- obovate, obtuse, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide. Staminal-tube about 2 mm long, the stamens 8, free portions of the filaments equaling the anthers; anthers ovoid, apiculate, about 1 mm long; the alternating staminodes oblong, obtuse, pubescent at the apex, about 1 mm long. Ovary and style pubescent, about 3 mm long, the ovoid ovary narrowed upward into the short stout style. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 979, July 30, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species strongly characterized by its very prominently nerved leaves. MELASTOMATACEAE BECCARIANTHUS Cogniaux BECCARIANTHUS ICKISI!I Merr. var. SETOSUS var. nov. A typo differt foliis nerviis, ramulis paniculisque dense setosis. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, Wenzel 1015, July 13, 1914. In forests, altitude about 500 meters. A tree 10 m high, the trunk 20 em. in diameter. The striking character of this variety is its densely setose branchlets and inflorescence. The leaves are distinctly more furfuraceous than those of the species, and with more numerous nerves. MEDINILLA Gaudichaud — MEDINILLA LONGIPES sp. nov. § Humedinilla. Frutex scandens circiter 3 m altus, ramulis petiolisque dense longe hirsuto-setosis; foliis oppositis, petiolatis, lanceolatis, cau- dato-acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 14 cm longis, subtus ad costa nervisque parce hirsuto-setosis, pinnatinerviis, nervis utrinque 3; inflorescentiis lateralibus, simplicibus, globoso-um- bellatis, longissime pedicellatis, umbellis circiter 5 cm diametro, multifloris; floribus pedicellatis, ebracteolatis, 5-meris, calycibus urceolatis, circiter 4 mm longis, staminibus 10, subaequalibus. A scandent shrub about 3 m high, the branches slender, terete, rooting at the nodes, the internodes elongated, the younger ones and the petioles very densely hirsute-setose with spreading, pale brownish hairs up to 6 mm in length, similar but fewer hairs on the midrib and lateral nerves of the leaves on the lower surface and on the peduncles. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, chartaceous, pale greenish when. dry, the upper surface quite glabrous, 12 to 14 cm long, about 3 cm wide, apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves pinnately ar- ranged, 3 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, rather distinct, the primary reticulations distinct, lax, subparallel; pet- ioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence lateral, simple, the _~ Ree, 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, II 279 peduncles up to 20 cm in length, the flowers numerous, arranged in a globose-umbellate head about 5 cm in diameter. Flowers pink, 5-merous, ebracteolate, their pedicels slender, glabrous, about 12 mm long. Calyx urceolate, about 4 mm long, the limb produced about 1.5 mm, obscurely 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong- obovate, about 8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, narrowed below, the apex inequilaterally rounded-subtruncate. Stamens 10, sub- equal; filaments 4 mm long; anthers about as long as the fila- ments, lanceolate, acuminate, the dorsal appendage very small, 0.2 mm long, the two anterior ones oblong-ovoid, 0.7 mm long. Fruit red, about 5 mm in diameter. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, Wenzel 1131, September 23, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A very characteristic species belonging in the group with Medinilla an- nulata C. B. Rob. It is strongly differentiated by its lanceolate, caudate- acuminate leaves, its long peduncles, its globose-umbellate simple inflores- cences, and its long, spreading, hirsute-setose hairs. MEDINILLA LEYTENSIS sp. nov. § Eumedinilla. Frutex 1 ad 2 m altus, suberectus vel scandens, ramulis subtus foliis inflorescentiisque plus minusve dense stellato- vel stellato- plumoso-tomentosis; foliis oppositis, in paribus plus minusve inaequalibus, oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 14 cm longis; acumina- tis, breviter petiolatis, basi obtusis ad leviter cordatis, pinnatim 7-plinerviis; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque, simplic- ibus, globosis ad cylindricis, dense confertis, usque ad 4 cm longis, circiter .2 cm diametro; floribus 5-meris, quisque cum bracteis et bracteolis obovatis ad orbicularis circiter 12 mm longis circumdatis. . A suberect or somewhat scandent shrub 1 to 2 m high, the younger branchlets, petioles, leaves on the lower surface, and inflorescence more or less densely stellate- or plumose-stellate- tomentose. Branches terete. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, those of each pair more or less unequal in size, ovate to oblong-ovate, 6 to 14 cm long, 2.5 to 5 em wide, the smaller of each pair more or less similar in shape to the larger but from one-half to two-thirds as long, acuminate, base obtuse to somewhat cor- date, pinnately 7-plinerved, the nerves ascending, upper surface grayish and shining when dry, glabrous or the nerves more or less tomentose, the lower surface rather densely tomentose, the indumentum on the nerves and midrib distinctly plumose; pet- ioles densely tomentose, 2 mm long or less. Inflorescence mostly lateral, rarely terminal, mostly from the stems below the leaves, © solitary or in pairs, dense, globose to cylindric, about 2 cm in diameter, up to 4 cm long. Flowers 5-merous, spicately ar- 280 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 ranged, crowded, each subtended and surrounded by two large, colored, obovate to orbicular bracts which are densely tomentose on both surfaces, and two similar and but slightly smaller bracteoles. Calyx more or less urceolate, densely tomentose, about 7 mm long, truncate: Petals 5, about 11 mm long. Stamens 10, subequal; filaments 4 mm long; anthers about as long as the filaments, lanceolate, acuminate, the dorsal appendage stout, very short, the two anterior ones curved, about 1 mm long. Fruits tomentose, urceolate, about 6 mm in diameter. LEYTE, Masaganap, near Jaro, Wenzel 1140 (type), 761, September, 1914, in forests, altitude about 700 meters. A species belonging in the group with Medinilla philippensis (C. & S.) Merr., but well characterized by its densely crowded 5-merous flowers which form close globose or cylindric spicate inflorescences. MEDINILLA OLIGANTHA sp. nov. § Eumedinilla. Frutex parvus, ramulis foliis utrinque inflorescentiisque prom- inente longe setoso-hirsutis; foliis ternatis, oblongis ad oblongo- lanceolatis, acuminatis, usque ad 9 em longis, basi acutis vel subobtusis, 5- vel obscure 7-plinerviis; inflorescentiis termina- libus, pedunculatis, circiter 2 cm longis, 3-floris; bracteolis orbi- culari-ovatis, circiter 12 mm diametro; fructibus hirsutis, ovoideis, 5-locellatis. An undershrub about 0.5 m high, the younger leaves when dry reddish in color, all parts more or less densely hirsute with spreading, slender, pale brownish hairs up to 5 mm in length. Branches slender, terete. Leaves whorled, ternate, chartaceous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, those in each whorl subequal in size or one somewhat larger than the other two, 5 to 9 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, both surfaces prominently ciliate-setose with long, scattered, spreading hairs, the apex acuminate, base acute to subobtuse, 5- or obscurely 7-plinerved, all the nerves leaving the midrib from slightly above the base, or the outer ones from the very base; petioles densely ciliate-hirsute, about 5 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, solitary, 2 cm long, densely hirsute, about 3-flowered; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute, setose, about 5 mm long; the two bracteoles subtending and inclosing each flower orbicular-ovate, about 12 mm in diameter, externally hirsute, reddish when dry, very shortly and abruptly acuminate. Fruit ovoid or globose, hirsute, 5-celled, truncate and very ob- scurely 5-denticulate. LEYTE, Masaganap, near Jaro, Wenzel 1145, September 29, 1914, in forests, altitude about 700 meters. A species similar to and closely allied to Medinilla ternifolia Triana, eo 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III PR] from which it is distinguished by its much shorter, few-flowered inflores- cence, the leaves of each whorl! nearly equal, and the base usually acute, not rounded or prominently obtuse. MEDINILLA AFFINIS sp. nov. § Eumedinilla. Frutex scandens glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis verticillatis, obovatis, coriaceis, petiolatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, basi angustatis, cuneatis, 3-nerviis, apice late subtruncato- rotundatis apiculatisque; inflorescentiis axillaribus, fasciculatis, simplicibus, umbellatis, usque ad 5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 6-meris, ebracteolatis, calycibus urceolatis, truncatis, circiter 6.5 mm longis, staminibus 12, subaequalibus. A scandent glabrous shrub up to 13 m in length, the branches and branchlets terete, grayish-brown. Leaves 4-nate, coria- ceous, obovate, pale olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, 6 to 10 em long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, the apex broadly subtruncate- rounded and with a stout short apiculus, the base narrowed, acute, 3-nerved, reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, fascicled, mostly from the axils of fallen leaves, simple, umbellate, few-flowered, up to 5 cm in length, the peduncles 2 to 3 cm long, each bearing at its apex from 3 to 5, pedicelled, ebracteolate flowers. Flowers pink, 6-merous, their pedicels usually about 5 mm long. Calyx urceolate, 6 to 7 mm long, truncate, the limb very obscurely 6-toothed. Petals 6, oblong to oblong-obovate, somewhat in- equilateral, about 13 mm long, 6 mm wide, narrowed at the base. Stamens 12, subequal; filaments about 8 mm long; anthers lan- ceolate, acuminate, about as long as the filaments, the dorsal appendage slender, curved, thickened at the end, about 2 mm long, the two anterior appendages about as long as the dorsal one, much stouter, oblong, curved. Ovary 6-celled. Fruit urceo- late, about 1 cm long and 8 mm in diameter. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, Wenzel 1003 (type), 1091, July 18 and September 18, 1914, the former in flower, the latter in fruit, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species similar to and manifestly closely allied to Medinilla suwbumbel- lata Merr., but the leaves 3-nerved, not 3-plinerved, and the peduncles somewhat longer. The very long, slender, somewhat club-shaped dorsal appendages of the connectives are characteristic. MEDINILLA WENZELII sp. nov. § Humedinilla. Frutex scandens glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, ovatis, apice brevissime acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, 5- vel 7-nerviis, petiolatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis vel fasciculatis, usque ad 5 cm longis, sim- 282 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 plicibus, floribus paucis, umbellatim dispositis; floribus magnis, 6-meris, ebracteolatis, calycibus circiter 12 cm longis, petalis obovatis, 2.8 cm longis. A scandent glabrous shrub reaching a height of 7 m, the branches and branchlets terete, stout. Leaves opposite, ovate, coriaceous, 8 to 14 em long, 5 to 10 em wide, pale when dry, somewhat shining, apex very shortly and abruptly apiculate, base acute to rounded, 5- or faintly 7-nerved, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles 2 to 3 cm long. Inflorescence lateral, simple, umbellate, solitary or fascicled up to 5 em in length, the peduncles 2.5 to 5 em long, mostly from the axils of fallen leaves, each with about 3 umbellately arranged, ebrac- teate, short-pedicelled flowers. Flowers pink, large, 6-merous. Calyx about 12 mm long and 1 cm in diameter, cup-shaped to somewhat urceolate, truncate, narrowed below to the 2 mm long pedicels, Petals 6, obovate, somewhat inequilateral, rounded, narrowed below, 2.8 cm long and 1.8 em wide. Stamens 12, somewhat unequal; filaments about 15 mm long; anthers of the shorter stamens lanceolate, acuminate, curved, about 9 mm long, the dorsal appendage slender, truncate, somewhat flattened, curved, about 2.5 mm long, the anterior two oblong, obtuse, stout, curved, about 2 mm long; anthers of the longer filaments up to 11 mm in length. Ovary 6-celled. Fruit ovoid or globose- ovoid, truncate, about 1.5 em in diameter. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, Wenzel 941 (type), 1196, July 3, and October 11, 1914, the former in flower, the latter in fruit, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species falling in the group with Medinilla laurifolia Blume, according to Cogniaux’s arrangement, but quite different from all the other forms place here. It is characterized by its unusually large, 6-merous, umbellately arranged flowers, its short lateral inflorescences, and its opposite, ovate to broadly ovate, 5- or 7-nerved leaves. SYMPLOCACEAE SYMPLOCOS Jacquin SYMPLOCOS WENZELI! sp. nov. § Bobua. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, ramulis subtus foliis ad costa ner- visque petiolisque prominente ciliato-hirsutis; foliis coriaceis, oblongis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 22 cm '‘longis, utrinque an- gustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis apiculatisque, margine integris vel obscurissime distanter denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, multifloris, circiter 13 cm longis, e basi ramosis, dense pubescentibus; flori- bus circiter 9 mm diametro, sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, X, C, 4 | Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III 283 calycibus extus dense pubescentibus; staminibus circiter 100; ovario 3-loculare. A tree about 10 m high, the branches terete, the ultimate ones about 5 mm in diameter, pale brownish, prominently ciliate-hir- sute with spreading hairs as are the petioles and the midrib and nerves on the lower surfaces of the leaves. Leaves coriaceous, greenish when dry, oblong to oblong-ovate, 18 to 22 cm long, 7 to 9 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and the rather prominently acuminate apex, the acumen apiculate, the upper surface shining, sparingly ciliate-hirsute with scattered, long, pale, weak hairs, the margins entire or very obscurely and distantly denticulate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, curved-anastomosing, the reticu- lations lax; petioles about 1.5 cm long, prominently long ciliate- hirsute. Inflorescence terminal and in the uppermost axils, paniculate, many-flowered, up to 138 cm long, rather densely brown-pubescent, branched from or near the base. Flowers white, rather crowded on the ultimate branchlets, 8 to 9 mm in diameter, sessile or shortly pedicelled, the bracts lanceolate, acuminate, up to 3.5 mm long, pubescent. Calyx about 3 mm long and wide, rather densely pubescent, the lobes subreniform, about 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, rounded, much shorter than the tube. Corolla-lobes suborbicular, spreading or reflexed, about 4 mm in diameter, externally very slightly and obscurely pubescent with short scattered hairs. Stamens about 100, obscurely pentadel- phous; filaments glabrous, 3 to 4 mm long. Ovary densely pubescent, 3-celled; style glabrous, 4 mm long. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1022, July 24, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species allied to Symplocos patens Presl, but at once distinguished from that species by its much larger leaves, more numerous stamens, petals nearly glabrous externally, and especially by its indumentum, the young branches, petioles, and both surfaces of the leaves with long, spreading, weak, pale or brownish hairs. : SYMPLOCOS PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov. § Bobua. Arbor circiter 6 m alta, floribus exceptis glabra; foliis crasse coriaceis, oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, subacutis vel obtusis, basi decurrento-acuminatis, margine integris vel obscure denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus, spicatis, simplicibus, circiter 1 cm longis, floribus confertis; calycibus extus pallide pubescentibus; petalis glabris, circiter 5 mm longis; staminibus circiter 75, obscure pentadel- phis, filamentis glabris, usque ad 9 mm longis; ovario 3-loculare; fructibus ovoideis, circiter 9 mm longis. 284 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 A tree about 6 m high, entirely glabrous except the flowers. Branches terete, brownish, the very young branchlets somewhat compressed or angled. Leaves thickly coriaceous, yellowish- green, oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 cm long, 6 to 8.5 em wide, apex subacute to obtuse or even rounded, base narrowed, decurrent- acuminate, margins entire or obscurely denticulate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, irregular, anasto- mosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 1 to 1.5 em long. Spikes axillary, solitary, the rachis stout, about 1 cm long. Flowers numerous, crowded, yellow. Bracts subcoriaceous, ovate, obtuse, concave, externally appressed, pale or silvery-pubescent, 2.5 to 3 mm long. Calyx about 4 mm long, appressed pale-pubescent externally, the lobes 5, broadly ovate rounded, about 1.5 mm long. Corolla-lobes reflexed, glabrous, oblong, about 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, rounded. Stamens at least 75, obscurely pentadelphous, the filaments slender, glabrous, up to 9 mm in length. Ovary 3-celled ; style glabrous, about 8 mm long. Fruits ovoid, smooth, not at all angular or compressed, about 9 mm long. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 1132, September 23, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. A species in the group with Symplocos cumingiana Brand (S, angularis Elm.), but with much larger, quite differently shaped leaves, larger flowers, and much more numerous stamens. CAPRIFOLIACEAE VIBURNUM Linnaeus VIBURNUM PLATYPHYLLUM sp. nov. § Euviburnum. Arbor alta, glaberrima; foliis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, us- que ad 22 cm longis, integris vel obscure undulatis, basi acutis ad obtusis, apice acuminatis apiculatisque, nervis utrinque cir- citer 7, distantibus, prominentibus, subtus in axillis glandulosis; inflorescentiis umbellato-corymbosis, amplis, multifloris, pedun- culatis, circiter 16 cm longis latisque; floribus circiter 5 mm longis, corollae tubo cylindraceo, lobis erectis; fructibus anguste ovatis, compressis, circiter 9 mm longis. A tall tree, entirely glabrous. Branches terete, dark-colored when dry, sparingly lenticellate, the younger ones dark reddish- brown. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 9 to 22 cm long, 4 to 10 cm wide, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, pale olivaceous and somewhat shining when dry, margins entire or minutely and obscurely undulate, apex gradually narrowed to the usually elongated and rather slender acumen, the acumen coarsely apic- ulate, base obtuse to acute; lateral nerves about 7 on each side x, C, 4 Merrill: Plantae Wenzelianae, III QR5 of the midrib, prominent, ascending, the axils on the lower sur- face, both of the primary nerves and the coarser secondary ones glandular; petioles 4 to 5 em long, of the smaller leaves 1 to 2 cm in length. Inflorescence a terminal, peduncled, umbellate corymb about 16 cm long and wide, the peduncles stout, about 4 cm long, the primary branches about 7, spreading-ascending, 4 to 6 cm long, then verticillately branched. Flowers white, fragrant, numerous. Calyx about 2.5 mm long, obscurely 5- toothed. Corolla cylindric, about 4 mm long, the lobes erect, oblong ovate, about 1.5 mm long. Filaments about 7 mm long; anthers 2 mm in length. Fruit oblong-ovate, compressed, 8 to 9 mm long, about 6 mm wide, wrinkled when dry, the endocarp with a single broad longitudinal ridge on one side and a corre- sponding depression on the other side. LEYTE, Buenavista, near Jaro, C. A. Wenzel 928, June 25, 1914, in forests, altitude about 500 meters. The height of this tree is given by Mr. Wenzel as 25 meters, the diameter of the trunk as 50 cm; it is probable, however, that the height was over- estimated by him. It is similar and allied to Viburnum glaberrimum Merr., from which it differs in its much larger, quite differently shaped leaves. In the present species the leaves gradually taper upward to the distinctly slenderly acuminate apex, while in V. glaberrimum the apices of the leaves are broadly rounded to obtuse or shortly and broadly blunt-acuminate. Among the extra-Philippine forms an ally of Viburnum coriaceum Blume, but very different from that species. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BOTANY Vou. X SEPTEMBER, 1915 No. 5 NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, XII By E. D. MERRILL * (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The preceding number of this series was published in the early part of the present year,’ and the present contribution is essen- tially like its predecessors. Seven genera are for the first time credited to the Archipelago, Avena, Polytoca, Angelesia, Glypto- petalum, Ochrocarpus, Asystasia, and Polytrema. Sixty-two new species are described in various families, while 18 species previously described from extra-Philippine material are for the first time credited to the Archipelago. The total additions to the Philippine flora in the present paper are eighty species. Some reductions are made, and the synonymy of some species is discussed, resulting in a few cases in the substitution of older specific names for those in more general use. All proposed changes in nomenclature are in accordance with the rules of the International Botanical Congress. GRAMINEAE AVENA Linnaeus AVENA FATUA L. Sp. Pl. (1753) 80; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 319; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 275. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 2812 Mearns, April, 1907. This European species is now widely distributed in Asia, northern Africa, and North America, a weed of cultivation. It has previously been recorded from the Philippines by F.-Villar, but his record has not before been verified. It is apparently a casual plant here and may or may not persist. 1 Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. * Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 1-84. 133910 287 _ 288 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 CHLORIS Swartz CHLORIS INCOMPLETA Roth Nov. Sp. Pl. (1821) 60; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 290. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Merrill 8279, December 6, 1911, along roadsides near Calarian, and on dry hills back of Zamboanga, ascend- ing to at least 200 meters altitude. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9275, sandy seashore; Silanga, Merrill 9616, Phil. Pl. 1808 Merrill, open places near the seashore. LUZON, Province of Zambales, Gates. Not previously reported from the Philippines, India, Formosa, and Malaya. In addition to the Philippine specimens, cited above, I have before me also Henry 1151 from Formosa, and Koorders 21287 from Java. Chloris mearnsii Merr., from Luzon, is allied, but is much smaller, with much narrower leaves, fewer, slenderer, and shorter spikes, and smaller spikelets. POLYTOCA R. Brown POLYTOCA HETEROCLITA (Roxb.) comb. nov. Coix heteroclita Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 3 (1832) 572. Polytoca bracteata R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. (1838) 20, t. 5; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 101. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Tongkulan, C. F. Baker 3616, June, 1914, The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines, here recorded under its oldest specific name; India to Burma, Tonkin, and Java. CYPERACEAE CLADIUM Schrader CLADIUM RIPARIUM (Nees) Benth. Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 405; C. B. Clarke Ill. Cyp. (1909) t. 85, fig. 5-8. Chapelliera riparia Nees in Lehm. Pl. Preiss. 2 (1846-48) 76. Baumea riparia Boeckl. in Linnaea 38 (1874) 246. MINDANAO, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 916, January, 1907, in swamps. In attempting to identify the above specimen, it was suspected that it might represent the species described by Gaudichaud as Baumea glomerata, and accordingly a duplicate was sent to the Museum of Natural History, Paris, for comparison with Gaudichaud’s type. Dr. E. G. Camus, who kindly made the comparison, reports that it is not Gaudichaud’s species, but is manifestly the same as Cladium riparium Benth., in which identifica- tion I concur after studying the description of Bentham’s species and fragments supplied me by Doctor Camus for comparison. A _ distinct Australian type. ARACEAE ACORUS Linnaeus ACORUS GRAMINEUS Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew 1 (1789) 474; Engl. Pflanzenreich 21 (1905) 312. Luzon, Province of Laguna, near San Antonio, on bowlders in stream beds, Bur. Sct. 14949 Ramos, June 20, 1912. X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 289 This species has not previously been reported from the Philippines. Widely distributed in central and in temperate eastern Asia, extending from Sikkim and Tibet to Japan, southward to Burma, southern China, and Formosa. It is known from no part of Malaya and must be considered a northern type in the Philippine flora. The commoner and widely distributed Acorus calamus L. occurs in the Philippines as an introduced and cultivated plant, but is thoroughly spontaneous in some localities in Mountain Province, Luzon. AMORPHOPHALLUS Blume AMORPHOPHALLUS LUZONIENSIS sp. nov. § Conophallus. Tuber parvum, depresso-globosum, in siccitate circiter 2 cm diametro; foliis umbraculiformibus, tripartitis, segmentis cir- citer 20 cm longis, pinnatisectis, segmentis utilimis oblongis vel oblongo-ovatis, caudato-acuminatis, 5 ad 9 cm longis; petiolo circiter 50 cm longo; pedunculis tenuibus, 10 cm longis; spathis circiter 15 cm longis, 6 cm latis, purpureis; spadicis quam spatha paulo brevioribus, cylindraceis, supra sensim caudato-angustatis ; stilus quam ovario triplo longior. Tubers depressed-globose, when dry about 2 cm in diameter, emitting many roots. Petioles slender, about 50 cm high; lamina umbraculiform, 3-partite, the segments pinnatisect, about 20 cm long, membranaceous, the ultimate segments oblong to oblong- ovate, caudate-acuminate, 5 to 9 cm long, nearly the same color on both surfaces or slightly paler beneath, the sinuses acute, extending almost or quite to the rachis. Sheaths of the peduncles membranaceous, brown when dry, the outer ones oblong-lanceo- late, 2 to 3 cm long, the inner ones lanceolate up to 10 cm in length; peduncles slender, up to 10 cmin length. Spathes purple, about 15 cm long, thin, the tube broad, about 6 cm long, the lamina ovate, slightly acute-acuminate or merely acute, about 6 cm wide. Spadix slender, cylindric, a little shorter than the spathe, the pistillate part about 2.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, the staminate part contiguous, about 3 cm long and 8 mm wide, the appendage slender, continuous, verruculose, caudate, at the base 5 mm in diameter or less, gradually narrowed upward, the entire spadix about 14 cm long. Pistillate flowers: Ovary depressed, about 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; style slender, about 3 mm long; stigma ovoid, entire, somewhat oblique, about 1 mm long. Staminate flowers crowded, mostly 2-androus, the anthers subglobose, 1 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, opening by two terminal slits. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Abulug River, For. Bur. 19560 Curran (type), January, 1912, Weber s. n., same locality and date. A species growing in crevices of limestone ledges, quite different from any other known Philippine form. Apparently through its elongated styles 290 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 allied to both Amorphophallus longistilus Kurz, of the Andaman Islands, and to A. harmandii Engl. & Gehrm., of Cambodia, but differing from both in many characters. It is at once distinguished from the former by its much smaller spathes, and from the latter by its larger spathes and relatively much longer spadices. AMORPHOPHALLUS DECURRENS (Blanco) Kunth Enum. 3 (1841) 581; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. 2 (1879) 319, Pflanzenreich 48 (1911) 108 = AMORPHOPHALLUS CAMPANULATUS (Roxb.) Blume! Kunth’s Amorphophallus decurrens was based on Arum decurrens Blanco Fl, Filip. (1837) 656, and is retained by Engler, in his recent monograph of the group, among the doubtful and imperfectly known species. In all characters Blanco’s description applies very closely to Blume’s species, which is very common and widely distributed in the settled areas throughout the Archipelago. There is no reason whatever for doubting that Arum decurrens Blanco, that is, Amorphophallus decurrens Kunth, is identical with the older Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume. ERIOCAULONACEAE ERIOCAULON Linnaeus ERIOCAULON NIGRICEPS sp. nov. Planta dense casepitosa, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; caulis brevibus, crassis; foliis numerosis, lanceolatis, usque ad 6 cm longis, basi brevissime vaginantibus; pedunculis numerosis, 5 ad 18 cm longis, gracilis, leviter tortis, 5-costatis; capitulis sub- globosis, circiter 5 mm diametro, in siccitate nigris, bracteis al- bido-ciliatis; floribus ¢ sepalis 3, connatis; petalis nullis vel 1 ciliato-fissis; antheris nigris; floribus @ exacte trimeris, sepalis oblongis vel oblanceolatis, breviter acuminatis, apice ciliatis. A densely czspitose plant, glabrous except the inflorescence. Stems stout, short. Leaves numerous, densely crowded, lanceo- late or narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm long, 5 to 8 mm wide, about 10-nerved, much wider at the base than above, gradually nar- rowed and usually obtuse. Peduncles numerous, slender, up to 18 cm in length, 5-ribbed, slightly twisted. Heads subglobose, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, nearly black or somewhat grayish when dry, dense, the involucral bracts pale, oblong to obovate, truncate, about 2 mm long. Receptacle glabrous. Floral bracts dark- colored, oblong-oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, shortly acum- inate, distinctly white-ciliate toward the apex on the back. Male flowers: Calyx about 1.5 cm long, dark-colored, spathelike, at first 3-toothed, the lobes eventually becoming free nearly or quite to the base, eglandular. Petals none, or one only and ciliate-cleft into several hyaline-jointed segments. Stamens 6; anthers black. Center of the flower with 3 minute, dark-colored sessile glands. Female flowers: Sepals 3, subequal, oblanceolate to oblong, 1.8 to X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 291 2 mm long, obtuse or acute, slightly ciliate at the apex, dark- colored, not glandular. Petals 3, hyaline, linear-oblanceolate, . about 1.5 mm long, slightly ciliate at the apex, not glandular. Ovary 3-celled; style-arms 3. Seeds minutely striate. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Trinidad River, Bur. Sci. 5544 Ramos (type), December, 1908; Baguio, Merrill 7748, May, 1911, Williams 1004, October, 1904; Lepanto Subprovince, Balili, Merrill 4646, November, 1905. This species is apparently distinct from all described ones, characterized especially by the corolla of the male flowers being reduced to a single ciliate-cleft petal, consisting of several jointed filiform lobes. It appears to fall in the section defined by Ruhland under section 5 of his key. ERIOCAULON ALPESTRE Hook. f. & Th. ex Koern. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 163; Ruhl. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 13 (1903) 95. MINDANAO, District of Davao, Mount Apo, Copeland 1431, October, 1904, altitude about 1,800 meters, seen in only one place. Mountains of India to Indo-China, China, and Japan; not previously reported from the Philippines. ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 254; Benth. Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 193. Eriocaulon sieboldianum Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. Syn. 2 (1855) 272; Ruhl. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 13 (1903) 111. Luzon, Subprovince of Abra, in rice paddies, For. Bur. 16458 Bacani: Subprovince of Bontoc, in rice paddies, Vanoverbergh 602: Province of Rizal, Caloocan, Phil. Pl. 298 Merrill (distributed as E. merrillii), Bur. Sci. 9501 Robinson (pro parte). This very widely distributed species does not appear to be common in the Philippines; at least it has been collected but a few times. I can see no valid reason for ignoring Robert Brown’s specific name, as it is certainly valid and antedates the one accepted by Ruhland (£. seiboldianum) by forty-five years. ERIOCAULON MERRILLI!I Ruhl. in Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 136. This species was based on Merrill 572, collected in the Island of Culion. As described by Ruhland, one of the special characters by which the species is distinguished from allied forms is the absence of sepals in the female flowers. This character alone does not appear to be a valid one, for in the original collection, two sheets of which are in our herbarium, most of the heads have female flowers with two sepals, while other flowers are without them. The species, as interpreted by me, is the commonest and most widely distributed one in the Philippines, and appears to me to be very closely allied to, if not identical with, Eriocaulon truncatum Ham. I would refer to it the following specimens: LuzoN, Province of Tarlac, Merrill 3624: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 8158 Curran & Merritt: Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sct. 5277 McGregor: Province of Rizal, vicinity of Manila, Merrill 7122, Bur. Sci. 9500, 9501 (pro parte) Robinson, McGregor s. n. POLILLO, Bur. Sci. 9031 Robinson. CULION, Merrill 572 (cotype). MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Piper 534: District of Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 909 (pro parte), 8. nN. 292 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Among the species of this genus credited to the Philippines by various authors, of which I have seen no specimens originating in the Archipelago, are the following: Eriocaulon “longissimum” Nees; Usteri Beitr. Ken. Phil. Veg. (1905) 131, manifestly an error for E. longifolium Nees, as there is no such species as E. longissimum. I have specimens of EL. longifoliwm Nees from Singapore (coll. Ridley), Labuan (coll. Merrill), Cochinchine (coll. Pierre), and the Caroline Islands, Yap (coll. Volkens 406). The species is certainly to be expected in the Philippines. Eriocaulon sexangulare L. Reported from the Philippines, but without the citation of specimens, by Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 3 (1859) 5238, Naves Novis. App. (1882) 299, and Ruhland in Engl. Pflanzenreich 13 (1903) 110. I have seen no Philippine specimens. Eriocaulon truncatum Ham.; Naves Novis. App. (1882) 299; Ruhl. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 13 (1903) 107. The specimen cited by the latter author (Cuming 2362) was not from the Philippines, but from the Malay Peninsula. See E. merrillii above. Eriocaulon setaceum L.; Naves Novis. App. (1882) 299. Probably admit- ted on an erroneous determination. COMMELINACEAE ANEILEMA R. Brown ANEILEMA AZUREUM sp. nov. Tricarpellaria, Euaneilema. Caespitosum, plus minusve pubescens praesertim inflorescen- tiis ; foliis numerosis, anguste lanceolatis vel elongato-lanceolatis, usque ad 25 cm longis, 5 ad 10 mm latis, in siccitate dense minu- teque puncticulatis, laevis, acutis vel apiculato-acuminatis; floribus azureis, cymoso-paniculatis, inflorescentiis angustis, con- fertis, bracteis magnis, spathulatis, pubescentibus, plus minusve imbricatis; capsulis oblongo-ellipsoideis, trigonis, circiter 6 mm longis; seminibus angulatis, in quisque loculo 4, uniseriatis. A tufted, distinctly pubescent plant 20 to 40 cm high, the roots fibrous, no tuberous ones present on the material ex- amined. Leaves numerous, narrowly lanceolate to elongate- lanceolate, chartaceous, 12 to 25 cm long, 5 to 10 mm wide, when dry minutely and distinctly puncticulate, smooth, not scab- rous, sparingly pubescent or nearly glabrous, base not narrowed, somewhat sheathing, apex acute or apiculate-acuminate. Scapes up to 40 cm in length, simple, leafless, more or less pubescent, the flower-bearing parts rather densely pubescent. Flowers deep blue, cymose, the inflorescence narrow. Bract subtending the first branch about 4 cm long, somewhat sheathing, leaflike, the upper ones smaller, more or less imbricate, pubescent, about 1.5 cm long, 7 mm wide, acuminate, sheathing, elliptic to oblong- elliptic; bracteoles sheathing, obovate when spread out, 3 to 4 x, ©, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 293 mm long. Flowers numerous. Sepals oblong to elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, not glandular, externally pubescent, rather thin, 4 to 5 mm long, 1.5 to2 mm wide. Petals thinly membranaceous, about as long as the sepals, finely nerved. Stamens 6, their fila- ments all bearded, three sterile and three perfect, bearing oblong, 1.5 mm long anthers. Capsule 3-angled, oblong-ellipsoid, about 6 mm long, 3 mm in diameter, 3-celled, shortly pointed. Seeds 1-seriate, 4 in each cell, angular, brown, 1 to 1.3 mm. long. SEMERARA, Merrill 4134, July, 1905, common in open, wet grasslands a few meters above sea level. A species very closely allied to the Indian Aneilema scapiflorum Wight, differing in its relatively longer, narrower leaves which are not at all scabrous, its distinctly pubescent inflorescence, and its more or less imbricate bracts. ANEILEMA PLATYPHYLLUM sp. nov. Tricarpellaria, Euaneilema. Species a praecedente differt planta minoribus, foliis brevio- ribus latioribusque, usque ad 10 cm longis et 2.5 cm latis, inflorescentiis glabris, bracteis minoribus, non imbricatis, sepalis glanduloso-puncticulatis. Like Aneilema azureum closely allied to the Indian Aneilema scapiflorum Wight, from which it differs in many characters. Tufted, the leaves comparatively few, from fibrous and tuberous roots, the tubers more or less fusiform, when dry up to 3 cm long and 6 mm in diameter. Leaves smooth, membranaceous or char- taceous, 4 to 8 in each rosette, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 em wide, base not or but slightly narrowed, sheathing, apex acute or somewhat acuminate. Scapes 2 to 5 from each rosette, leafless, or with one much-reduced leaf, 12 to 20 cm high, the flowers cymosely arranged, pink or nearly white, the cymes narrow, comparatively few-flowered. Primary bracts oblong-ovate, sheathing, less than 1 cm long, acute or acuminate, the bracteoles triangular-ovate, 2 to 3 mm long. Sepals oblong-elliptic, 5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, glandular-punc- tate with yellowish dots and short dashes, 3-nerved, obtuse. Petals thinly membranaceous, finely nerved, elliptic-obovate, rounded, about 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide. Stamens 6, three sterile, three fertile, all bearded; anthers broadly elliptic, 1.5 mm long. Capsule elliptic, 3-angled, 3-celled, acute, 6 mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter. Seeds 1-seriate, 3 in each cell, superposed, brownish, angular, irregular, about 1.5 mm long. LUZON, Province of Rizal, Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 20985 Ramos (type), June, 1913; Tanay, Bur. Sci. 3842 Ramos, June, 1907; Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 985 Ramos, June, 1906. y 294 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 Not as closely allied to Aneilema scapiflorum as is the preceding species, differing from both in its few, relatively much shorter and broader leaves, in its glandular-punctate sepals, and in its small bracts. Loher 1840, 1939, in the Kew Herbarium under Aneilema scapiflorum Wight, are both probably referable to A. platyphyllum. ANEILEMA GIGANTEUM (Vahl) R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 271; Naves in Novis. App. (1880) 271; C. B. Clarke in DC. Monog. Phan. 2 (1881) 212. Commelina gigantea Vahl Enum 2 (1806) 177. SEMERARA, Merrill 4182, July, 1905. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 21885 Escritor, July, 1913. Naves’s record for this species as a Philippine one has not previously been verified. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to tropical Australia. JUNCACEAE JUNCUS Linnaeus JUNCUS BUFONIUS L. Sp. Pl. (1753) 328; Buchenau in Engl. Pflanzen- reich 25 (1906) 105. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, Merrill 7794, May, 1911. Not previously reported from the Philippines; warmer parts of the entire world. This species was found scattered along the recently constructed bridle trail to Mount Tonglon, in the mossy forest, at an altitude of about 1,900 meters. It is undoubtedly an introduced plant here. LILIACEAE SMILAX Linnaeus SMILAX LOHERI sp. nov. § Eusmilax. Frutex scandens glaber, ramulis teretibus, aculeis sparsis te- nuibus nectis vel curvatis 2 ad 5 mm longis armatis; foliis crasse coriaceis, late ovatis, 5-nervis, basi, late cordatis, apice abrupte acuminatis apiculatisque, 8 ad 12 cm longis, subtus glaucescen- tibus; racemis 1-umbellatis, pedunculis 4 ad 5 em longis; floribus numerosis, sepalis 5 mm longis. A scandent, glabrous vine, the branches slender, terete, armed with scattered, slender, straight or somewhat curved spines 2 to 5 mm in length. Leaves very broadly ovate, thickly coria- ceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 7 to 10 em wide, when dry slightly shining, the upper surface brownish, the lower glaucous or sub- glaucous, the base very broad, shallowly cordate, distinctly 5- nerved, the inner pair of nerves reaching the apex of the leaf, much more prominent than the outer pair, the reticulations rather distinct, the apex abruptly acuminate, the acumen about 8 mm long, apiculate; petiole about 1 cm long, inflated, the x, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 295 tendrils slender, up to 15 em in length. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, consisting of a single umbel, the floral branch less than 1.5 cm long, subtended by a coriaceous, ovate, acuminate bract about 8 mm in length which is split down the back, the floral branch bearing at its apex a very much reduced or sometimes aborted bud, and opposite to it a single oblong, obtuse, or retuse and apiculate bract about 5 mm in length, this bract subtending the solitary, slender, 4 cm long peduncle. Male flowers 40 to 50 in each umbel, their pedicels about 8 mm long, the subtending bracteoles ovate, 2 mm long or less. Sepals about 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, recurved, obtuse, cucullate. Petals as long as the sepals, 0.56 mm wide. Stamens 6, all fertile, their filaments about 3.5 mm long, the anthers 1.5 mm long. Female flowers and fruits not known. LUZON, Province of Rizal; Angilog, Loher 6986, April 15, 1906. A characteristic species, distinguishable by its short-petioled, thickly coriaceous, broadly ovate leaves which are abruptly acuminate and apic- ulate, the base very broad, cordate, and 5-nerved, the lower surface glaucous. Among the Philippine species it is probably most closely allied to Smilax bracteata Presl, but that species has an entirely different inflores- cence and different leaves. SMILAX LUZONENSIS Pres] Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 131; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 3 (1859) 566. Luzon, Haenke (type in herb. Prag.). MINDANAO, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens 885, 905 bis, s. n. This species was described by Presl from a sterile specimen, no flowers or fruits being known. I have seen the type in the Prague Herbarium, and it seems to be matched by the specimens cited above, two of which are with male flowers, the other with very immature fruits. The specimens agree with Presl’s description, so far as it goes, and with a carbon rubbing of typical leaves of the type, preserved in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science. C. DeCandolle* reduces Smilax luzonensis Pres] (1827), with doubt, to Smilax helferi C. DC. While the two species may be identical, Presl’s specific name has a priority by many years, and should be adopted, at least for the Philippine form. Only by a careful comparison between Philippine specimens of Smilax luzonensis Presl, and authentic specimens of S. helferi C. DC., will it be possible to determine whether one or two species are represented. Smilax luzonensis Pres] has solitary male umbels which are 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, each with from 20 to 30 flowers, the peduncles slender, axillary, 2.5 to 3 cm long, bracteate at the base, and with a small ovate bracteole at the lower one-fourth or below. The pedicels are about 8 mm long; the sepals are narrowly oblong, obtuse, 6 mm long, the petals as long as the sepals but much narrower. Anthers about one-fifth as long as the filaments. Female flowers and mature fruits unknown. ns * Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 176. 296 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 ZINGIBERACEAE ALPINIA Linnaeus ALPINIA BRACHYANTHA sp. nov. § Hellenia. Species A. pubiflorae K. Schum. ut videtur affinis, differt floribus multo minoribus vix 1 cm longis, connectivo inappen- diculato. Simple, erect, nearly glabrous, except the pubescent inflores- cence, apparently less than 1 m high. Sheaths rather loose, ciliate on their margins; ligule 8 to 10 mm long, oblong-ovoid, obtuse, margins ciliate. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong- lanceolate, 22 to 30 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 em wide, subequally narrowed at both ends, subcoriaceous, glabrous, base cuneate, apex sharply acuminate. Panicle erect, about 20 cm long, the branches two or three, spreading-ascending, about 7 cm long, many-flowered, the rachis and pedicels softly pubescent with short, spreading hairs, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm long; bracteoles apparently small, very caducous (not seen). Ovary globose to ovoid-globose, 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, purple when fresh, very densely ciliate-pilose. Calyx-tube about 7 mm long, subequally 3-toothed, glabrous, the teeth broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long or less, ciliate at their apices. Corolla-tube 6 to 7 mm long, about 1 mm in diameter, light green, glabrous, the lobes oblong, somewhat cucullate, 4 to 5 mm long, 2.5 to 3 mm wide. Lip 3 mm long, glandular-punctate, twice cleft, the lateral lobes rounded, obovoid, twice as wide as the oblong, obtuse inner lobes, white marked with purple. Anther 3 mm long, the con- nective inappendiculate. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Abulug River, Weber 1571 (type), Feb- ruary, 1912, altitude about 60 meters; same locality, Bur. Sci. 13920 Ramos, For. Bur. 19617 Curran. A species allied to Alpinia pubiflora K. Schum., but at once distinguished by its much smaller flowers and its inappendiculate anther-connective. KAEMPFERIA Linnaeus KAEMPFERIA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. § Monolophus. Planta erecta, saltem 50 cm alta, leviter hirsuta; foliis 9, lan- ceolatis, subcaudato-acuminatis, basi angustatis, acutis, vix vel breviter petiolatis, circiter 20 cm longis; spicis solitariis, pauci- floris, in vaginis superioribus, corollae lobis inaequalibus, supe- rioribus valde tubuloso-cucullatis. A rather slender, erect plant at least 50 cm high, the stems 3 to 4 mm in diameter, the sheaths, leaves, and inflorescence with scattered, spreading, pale brown, ciliate-hirsute hairs. X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 207 Leaves 9 (or more), lanceolate, membranaceous, about 20 cm long, 3 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the slender, caudate-acuminate apex and to the acute base; sheaths rather loose or slightly inflated above, rather prominently ciliate-hirsute ; petioles none or up to 5 mm in length. Spikes in the uppermost sheath, more or less included, short, few-flowered, only one or two flowers opening at a time, the maximum number apparently 4 or 5 in each spike, the bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 mm long, 5 mm wide, hirsute. Calyx cylindric, about 12 mm long, punctate-glandular, as are the other parts of the flower, hirsute, very broadly and shortly 3-toothed. Corolla-tube slender, slightly enlarged upward, 16 mm long, sparingly hirsute, the lobes unequal, the upper one about 11 mm long, 4 mm wide in the flattened portion, slenderly 9-nerved, the apical 3 mm a cylindric, obtuse hood, the two lateral ones oblong, 7 mm long, 8 mm wide, 5-nerved, slightly cucullate at the apex; staminodes slender, lateral, attached to the margins of the lip near its base, about 2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip not seen. Filament flat, glandular-punctate, 5 to 6 mm long, about 1 mm wide; anther- cells parallel, 3 mm long, the connective appendiculate, the ap- pendage ovate, obtuse, more or less inflexed or curled when dry. Ovary villous, 3-celled, the cells with few axile ovules; style slender; stigma obconic, ciliate. Fruit not seen. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Dahican River back of San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 14952 Ramos, June, 1912, in forests, flowers white. The second species of the genus to be found in the Philippines, the only other one, K. galanga L., manifestly an introduced plant in the Archipelago. Kaempferia philippinensis Merr. manifestly belongs in the section Mono- lophus, and is very distinct from the other known species, although probably as closely allied to the Bornean K. gracillima K. Schum. as to any other species. The lip on the flowers available for study has been destroyed, and hence cannot be described until the plant is again collected. FAGACEAE QUERCUS Linnaeus QUERCUS ROBINSONII sp. nov. § Cyclobalanus. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, subtus foliis ramulisque dense ferru- gineo-furfuraceis; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, coriaceis, integris, usque ad 12 cm longis, basi acutis, apice tenuiter subcaudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, pro- minentibus; glandibus late ovoideis, glabris, circiter 1.3 cm longis latisque, apiculatis, cupulis circiter 8 mm altis, 1.6 cm diametro, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, truncatis, laminis numerosis, indis- tinctis, denticulis numerosis. 298 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 A tree about 20 m high, the younger parts and the leaves on the lower surface densely ferruginous-furfuraceous. Branches terete, dark-colored when dry, glabrous, sparingly lenticellate, the younger ones densely ferruginous-furfuraceous. Leaves al- ternate, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, 7 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the slender subcaudate-acuminate apex, the acumen usually about 1 cm long, blunt, the upper surface furfuraceous in very young leaves, soon becoming quite glabrous, brownish- olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower surface paler than the upper, in extreme age glabrous or nearly so; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. Male spikes up to 14 em long, the flowers scattered below, rather crowded above. Glands broadly ovoid or conic-ovoid, glabrous, about 1.3 em long and wide, apiculate. Cup thick, ferruginous-pubescent, broadly saucer-shaped, truncate, base thickened, about 8 mm high and 1.6 cm in diameter, the lamine numerous, indistinct, below scat- tered, above approximate, the teeth numerous, distinct, less than 1 mm long. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17911 Brown (type), May, 1913, Bur. Sci. 17148 Robinson, December, 1912, in forests, altitude about 700 meters. Possibly referable here are Loher 6963, from Rizal Province (specimens with male flowers), and Bur. Sci. 9462 Robinson, from Infanta, Province of Tayabas, Luzon (glands pubescent). The alliance of this species seems to be with Quercus caudatifolia Merr., from which it is at once distinguished by its differently shaped gland which is as wide as long. Among the extra-Philippine species it approaches Quer- cus sundaica Blume, but has much smaller fruits than our Philippine mate- rial so referred. URTICACEAE LAPORTEA Gaudichaud LAPORTEA BRUNNEA sp. nov. Frutex, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis in siccitate utrin- que brunneis, nitidis, oblongis, usque ad 22 cm longis, subcoriaceis vel chartaceis, acute acuminatis, basi acutis, leviter 3- vel obscure 5-plinerviis, longe petiolatis, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 15; inflorescentiis pilis paucis urentibus instructis, axillaribus, usque ad 5 cm longis, floribus ¢ flabellatim dispositis. A shrub 1 to 2 m high, glabrous except the slightly hairy in- florescence. Branches light gray, terete, wrinkled when dry. Leaves uniformly brown, of the same color on both surfaces and slightly shining when dry, the upper surface minutely verrucu- lose, the lower smooth, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, brittle, ob- long, 12 to 22 cm long, 4 to 7.5 em wide, subequally narrowed to x, 6,5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 999 the usually acute base and to the sharply acuminate apex, entire, the base somewhat 3- or obscurely 5-plinerved; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, somewhat curved; petioles 3 to 6.5 cm long. Pistillate inflorescences axil- lary, with few short, stinging hairs, up to 5 cm in length, the branches few. Flowers flabellately disposed on the ultimate branchlets, the ultimate branchlets usually dichotomous, short, the achenes deflexed, ovoid, compressed, about 3 mm long and 2 mm wide, the styles reflexed, very slender, about 2 mm long. SAMAR, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17559 Ramos, March, 1914, on forested slopes, the flowers blue and white. A species well characterized by its long-petioled leaves which are uni- formly brown when dry, and which are quite glabrous, with no vestiges of stinging hairs; the only part of the dried plant that presents stinging hairs is the inflorescence. The alliance of the species is manifestly with Laportea luzonensis Warb., on account of its flabellately arranged pistillate flowers, although in all details it is entirely different from Warburg’s species. LAPORTEA MONTICOLA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra vel subglabra; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, integris, te- nuiter caudato-acuminatis, usque ad 10 cm longis; infructes- centiis axillaribus, 6 ad 8 cm longis, fructibus circiter 4 mm diametro haud flabellatis. A shrub or small tree, glabrous, or with very few persistent hairs when dry, the branches slender, grayish, wrinkled, the internodes short, especially on the ultimate branchlets where they are usually less than 5 mm long. Leaves oblong to oblong- lanceolate, dark olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, thickly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, entire, 7 to 10 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, base obtuse to rounded, 3-nerved, apex very slenderly cau- date-acuminate, the acumen up to 2 em in length, sharp, the upper surface rather densely white-puncticulate; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct, curved, anasto- mosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 1.5 to 2.4 cm long. In- fructescences 6 to 8 cm long, axillary, the branches few, spread- ing, 2.5 em long or less. Fruits white, fleshy, about 4 mm in diameter, the receptacle enlarged in fruit, the achenes inequi- lateral, compressed, about 2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, but one or two on each ultimate branchlet. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19765 McGregor, February 1, 1913, altitude not indicated, but apparently from the mossy forest. A species somewhat resembling a small-leaved form of Laportea luzonensis Warb., but its fruits not flabellate. It is readily distinguished by its small leaves which are slenderly and prominently caudate-acuminate. 3800 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 LAPORTEA TRIPLINERVIA sp. nov. Arbor parva, subtus foliis pilis longis sparsis urentibus in- structis; foliis oblongis, chartaceis vel membranaceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, in siccitate viridis, utrinque subaequaliter angus- tatis, basi acutis, triplinerviis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6; infructescentiis axillaribus, usque ad 6 cm longis, fruc- tibus in siccitate nigris, capitulis globosis, 8 ad 10 mm diametro, acheniis numerosis. A tree up to 13 m in height, the leaves with persistent, long, stiff, scattered, stinging hairs on the lower surface. Branches pale gray, terete, 4 to 6 mm in diameter. Leaves green when dry, in general oblong, chartaceous or membranaceous, 10 to 18 cm long, 3 to 6.5 cm wide, entire, subequally narrowed to the acute, 3-plinerved base and to the acuminate apex, the upper surface rather densely white-puncticulate; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved; petioles 2 to 4 cm long. Infructescences axillary, up to 6 cm long, with few branches, the achenes arranged in dense globose heads at the tips of the branchlets, up to 15 or more achenes in each head, the heads black when dry, 8 to 10 mm in diameter. LuZON, Province of Tayabas, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19462 Ramos, January 15, 1913, on forested slopes. A species somewhat resembling Laportea luzonensis Warb., but with the leaves constantly acute and 3-plinerved at the base, the stinging hairs persistent on the lower surface, which sting even when dry, and with an entirely different arrangement of its fruits, the achenes crowded into dense, globose heads which are black when dry, not flabellately arranged. PROTEACEAE HELICIA Loureiro HELICIA LONGIFLORA sp. nov. Arbor parva, circiter 8 m alta, glabra; foliis late oblongo- oblanceolatis, integris, usque ad 15 cm longis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis; racemis folia subaequantibus, paucifloris, pedicellis in paribus connatis; floribus 2.5 cm longis. A small tree, quite glabrous, or the racemes with few, scattered, deciduous hairs, the branches rather stout, terete, brownish. Leaves subcoriaceous, broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 11 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5.56 cm wide, entire, the apex rather shortly and obtusely acuminate, sometimes falcate, the base gradually nar- rowed to the short stout petiole, cuneate and sometimes a little decurrent, upper surface olivaceous when dry, somewhat shin- ing, the lower brownish, dull; lateral nerves prominent, about 10 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending; petioles 5 to 8 ZC, 8 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 301 mm long. Racemes about as long as the leaves, solitary, axil- lary, comparatively few-flowered. Pedicels in pairs, 4 mm long, united nearly to the middle; bracteoles deciduous (not seen). Perianth 2.5 cm long, rather slender. Anthers, including the prominent connective, 2 mm long. Hypogynous scales free or nearly so, coriaceous, ovate, 1 to 1.3 mm long. LuzON, Province of Tayabas, Lucban (Mount Banajao), Whitford 982, October, 1904, margins of forests, altitude about 750 meters. Characterized by its entire leaves and comparatively long flowers. HELICIA INTEGRA sp. nov. Arbor parva, glabra; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongo- oblanceolatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, integerrimis, utrinque an- gustatis, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, brevissime petiolatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis; racemis folia subaequantibus, mul- tifloris, axillaribus; floribus tenuibus, circiter 1.5 cm longis. A small glabrous tree, or the racemes with very few, scattered, deciduous hairs. Branches terete, grayish-brown, smooth. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, entire, 10 to 14 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, somewhat yellowish when dry, slightly shining, glabrous, narrowed at both ends, the apex shortly and usually sharply acuminate or acute, the base cuneate, narrowed into the very short petiole; lateral nerves 10 to 12 pairs, slender, distinct, the reticulations very slender; petioles stout, less than 3 mm long. Racemes solitary, axillary, about as long as the leaves, many-flowered. Flowers yellowish, in pairs, their pedicels in pairs, free to the rachis, about 3 mm long; bracteoles ovate, subpersistent, 1 mm long. Perianth very slender, about 0.5 mm in diameter, a little thicker at the base and apex, 1.6 cm long, the segments linear, spirally twisted in anthesis. Anthers, including the prominent connective, 1.2 mm long. Hypogynous scales free, oblong-ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, 1 mm long. Luzon, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 15127 Ramos, June, 1912, in forests along streams. The species is characterized by its entire, nearly sessile leaves, and ap- pears to be most closely allied to Helicia moluccana Blume. POLYGONACEAE POLYGONUM Linnaeus POLYGONUM BENGUETENSE sp. nov. § Persicaria, Trigyna. Eglandulosum, caulibus tenuibus, quadrangularibus, simplici- bus vel supra leviter ramosis; ochreis cylindraceis, circiter 1 cm longis, truncatis, apice rigide ciliatis, ciliis 2 ad 3 mm longis; foliis oblongo- ad elliptico-ovatis, 1 ad 2.5 cm longis, acuminatis, 302 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 basi rotundatis vel subcordatis; racemis pedunculatis, oblongis vel cylindraceis, densis, usque ad 1 cm longis, pedunculis leviter capitato-glandulosis. A slender, ascending, simple or very sparingly branched plant, nearly glabrous, the stems often decumbent below, 4-angled, 1 mm in diameter or less. Nodes elongated. Leaves scattered, oblong- to elliptic-ovate, chartaceous, entire, apex somewhat acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, 1 to 2.5 cm long, 7 to 12 mm wide; petioles 5 mm long or less, inserted at or near the base of the sheath, often scabrid; sheaths cylindric, split down one side, brown, membranaceous, about 1 cm long, apex truncate; the apical margin with erect, rigid, 2 to 3 mm long cilia, the base of the sheath often with few reflexed, spinelike cilia. Racemes few, short, dense, 1 cm long or less, oblong or cylindric, very loosely corymbose, the peduncles slender, spar- ingly capitate-glandular. Bracts oblong-ovate, margins and apex prominently ciliate, about 3 mm long. Calyx pink, 3 to 3.5 mm long, the pedicels short, the sepals oblong-obovate, obtuse. Stamens 6, with 6 alternating, small, perigynous scales. Style 3-cleft, short. Achene oblong-ovate, sharply 3-angled, about 3 . mm long. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, scattered among grasses and sedges on wet seepage slopes about springs, altitude about 1,550 meters, Phil. Pl. 768 Merrill, May, 1911, Merrill 9682, May, 1914, Bur. Sci. 13483 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 14120 Robinson. A species apparently belonging in the section Persicaria, but very different from the other species placed here. POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 364. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Merrill 9698, May, 1914, a weed in gardens, recently introduced, altitude about 1,400 meters. Widely distributed in the north temperate zone, a native of Europe or Asia. It has not before been reported from the Philippines. CARYOPHYLLACEAE POLYCARPON Linnaeus POLYCARPON INDICUM (Retz.) comb. nov. Loeflingia indica Retz. Obs. 4 (1786) 38. Pharnaceum depressum Linn. Mant. 2 (1771) 564, non Polycarpon depressum Nutt. Polycarpaea depressa DC. Prodr. 3 (1828) 357. Polycarpon loeflingiae Benth. & Hook. f. ex Edgew. in Hook. f. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 2465. Polycarpon polyphyllum Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 53, ed. 2 (1845) 36, ed. 8, 1 (1877) 66. This species has been credited to the Philippines by F.-Villar, who correctly, I think, reduced to Polycarpon loeflingiae Blanco’s P. polyphyllum. x, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 308 The species is apparently very rare in the Philippines, but although Blanco’s specimens were from Pasig, near Manila, I have seen but a single Philippine specimen that I consider referable to the genus and species: LUZON, Province of Pampanga, Arayat, Merrill 1462, March, 1903, erroneously placed under Mollugo. | RANUNCULACEAE CLEMATIS Linnaeus CLEMATIS LESCHENAULTIANA DC. var. SUBGLABRIFOLIA var. nov. A typo differt foliolis glabris vel subglabris, subtus parcissime breviter hirsutis. Luzon, Subprovince of Ifugao, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19813 McGregor, February, 1913: Subprovince of Lepanto, Mount Malaya, For. Bur. 14496 Darling, January, 1909. The typical form of the species, which is well represented in the Bureau of Science herbarium by a large series of specimens from Mountain Province, Luzon, has rather densely ciliate-hirsute leaves. In the variety above proposed the leaves are nearly glabrous; otherwise the form is very similar to typical Clematis leschenaultiana DC. MENISPERMACEAE HYPSERPA Miers ZANTHOXYLUM ? TRIPLINERVE Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 36° (1863) 597; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 35; Vid. Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 74; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1905) 161 = HYPSERPA CUSPIDATA (Wall.) Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist. II 7 (1851) 40; Diels in Engl. Pflanzenreich 46 (1910) 206. The status of Turczaninow’s species has been doubtful, as from his description it is at once evident that the plant he described, having simple leaves, could not be a Zanthoxylum, as indicated by Perkins 1. c. Doctor Perkins indicates that such a Province as “North Hows,” cited by Turc- zaninow, does not exist in Luzon, and suggested that the plant may have come from Lord Howe’s Island. Through the kindness of the director of the Botanical Institute of the University of Kharkoff, I have been able to examine Turczaninow’s type which is preserved in the herbarium of that institution. The original label reads “Runner No. 2, Ilocos Norte, Island of Luzon, April, 1839, H. C.,” with notes on the dissection of the flowers by Turczaninow. The plant is identical in all respects with Cuming 1252, localized by Cuming himself as from the Province of North Ilocos (= Ilocos Norte), which is Hypserpa cuspidata Miers; the specimen in Turczaninow’s herbarium, type of Zanthoxylum ? triplinerve Turcz., is unquestionably a part of the same collection. CAPPARIDACEAE CAPPARIS Linnaeus CAPPARIS AFFINIS sp. nov. Species C. sepiariae affinis, differt foliis majoribus, usque ad 9 cm longis, coriaceis, nervis utrinque magis numerosis, utrinque circiter 8. 133910-——2 804 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 A scandent, armed shrub, apparently entirely glabrous. Branches pale greenish-yellow when dry, terete, stout, slightly zigzag, glabrous, or the younger ones very slightly pubescent. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous, 8 to 9 em long, 3 to 4 cm wide, pale yellowish-green when dry, brittle, the upper surface very smooth and strongly shining, the lower paler, dull, base rounded, apex retuse; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, indistinct, scarcely anastomosing, the retic- ulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles 5 to 7 mm long; spines stout, recurved, about 2 mm long. Inflorescence fascicled or umbellate, axillary, apparently few-flowered. Flowers not seen. Peduncles in fruit 3 mm long or less, each bearing from 2 to 4, long-pedicelled fruits, the pedicels about 1 cm long, the androgynophore as long as the peduncles. Fruit globose, about 8 mm in diameter when dry, the pericarp somewhat wrinkled, glabrous, pale, shining. PALAWAN (Arricife Island, near the southern end of Palawan), Bur. Sci. 21583 Escritor, August 14, 1913. A species with much the appearance of Capparis sepiaria Linn., but with much larger, quite glabrous, coriaceous, more numerously nerved leaves. CAPPARIS PALAWANENSIS sp. nov. Frutex suberectus, 2 ad 3 m altus, partibus junioribus plus minusve pubescens, ramis ramulisque inermis vel subinermis; foliis oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12; floribus subterminalibus, solitariis vel binis; fructibus longissime pedunculatis, ellipsoideis ad globoso-obovoideis, circiter 1.5 cm diametro, extus pube- scentibus. A suberect shrub, 2 to 3 m high, the branches somewhat droop- ing or subscandent, unarmed, or with only few, scattered, short spines. Branches terete, glabrous, dark-colored, the branchlets yellowish-olivaceous, terete, slender, rather densely pubescent with short hairs. Leaves alternate, oblong-ovate, 9 to 11 cm long, 3.5 to 4.5 em wide, chartaceous, base broadly rounded, narrowed in the upper one-third to the rather sharply acuminate apex, pale olivaceous, rather dull, and glabrous or very slightly pubescent on the upper surface, the lower surface much paler, slightly pubescent on the midrib and nerves; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, spreading, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles densely pubescent, 2 to 4 mm long. Flowers subterminal, in the uppermost axils, solitary or in pairs, X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 305 not superposed (not seen). Peduncles in fruit about 4 cm long, slender, the androgynophore about as long as the peduncle, somewhat thicker and slightly thickened upward, the fruit el- lipsoid to globose-obovoid, about 1.5 cm in diameter, nearly black _when ripe, the pericarp distinctly pubescent. PALAWAN, between Taytay and Lake Manguao, Merrill 9459, April 23, 1918, on forested dry slopes, altitude about 60 meters. Probably as closely allied to Capparis lobbiana Turcez. as to any other species, but with much larger, differently shaped leaves, larger fruits, and unarmed or nearly unarmed branches. CAPPARIS VENOSA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, floribus exceptis glaber, spinis brevissimis, vix 1 mm longis; foliis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis, chartaceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel rotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, prominentibus, anastomosantibus; floribus paucis, in racemis terminalibus dispositis, pedicellis in paribus seriatim dispositis supra nodis aculeatis sed defoliatis; petalis dense pubescentibus. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the flowers, the branches terete, straw-colored when dry, the ultimate ones 2 to 3 mm in diameter, armed with very short spines at the nodes, the spines less than 1 mmin length. Leaves oblong to elliptic-oblong, 15 to 18 em long, 5.5 to 7.5 em wide, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, pale when dry, shining, the lower surface decidedly paler than the upper, the apex acuminate, the base acute or rounded; lateral nerves prominent, distinctly impressed on the upper surface, projecting on the lower, about 7 on each side of the midrib, curved and distinctly anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. Racemes terminal, few-flowered, the flowers in pairs, seriate above the leafless nodes, but each node with a pair of minute spines, scattered, the pedicels about 2 cm long. Sepals 8 mm long, oblong-elliptic or elliptic, concave, acute, glab- rous or nearly so. Petals obovate to broadly oblong-obovate, rather densely pubescent, rounded, about 12 mm long, 8 mm wide. Stamens numerous, their filaments up to 2.5 cm long; anthers oblong, 1.3 mm long. Gynophore glabrous, 1.5 cm long, bearing the glabrous, narrowly ovoid, 3 to 4 mm long ovary. MINDANAO, District of Cotabato, near Lebak, For. Bur. 14216 Whitford, April, 1912, in dipterocarp forests at low altitudes. A species probably as closely allied to Capparis micracantha DC. as to any other, but very different in many characters. The venation of the leaves and the inflorescence are characteristic. 306 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 NEPENTHACEAE NEPENTHES Linnaeus NEPENTHES BRACHYCARPA sp. nov. Alte scandens, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra; inflorescentiis racemosis, pedicellis brevibus, 1-floris; operculum ascidii intus planum; foliis petiolatis, nervis longitu- dinalis circiter 2 utrinque, tenuibus, obscurissimis, basi angus- tatis, longe in petiolo decurrento-alatis, leviter amplexicaulibus, haud decurrentibus; capsulis brevibus, 6 ad 15 mm longis. Seandent, 4 to 5 m high or more, glabrous except the dark brown pubescent very young parts and the racemes, the stems terete, brown, about 5 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, spir- ally arranged, the lamina coriaceous, 12 to 14 em long, 2 to 3 cm wide, brownish or olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, nar- rowed below and winging the 4 to 6 cm long petiole, the wings about 2 mm wide, about one-third amplexicaul at the base, apex acute or acuminate and extended as a long, slender tendril, the lateral longitudinal nerves at most 2 on each side of the midrib, very slender, obscure, or obsolete. Pitchers reddish, glabrous, or when young somewhat pubescent, about 9 cm long, 3 to 3.5 cm in diameter, cylindric-ventricose, dimorphous, those on young plants with two ventral wings which are about 5 mm wide and prominently lacerate-toothed, those on mature plants with the wings reduced to merely low ridges which are not all toothed, 0.5 mm wide and high, the base gradually narrowed into the tendril, the mouth oblique, 3 to 4 cm in diameter, ovate, dorsally produced into a short stalk, the peristome cylindric, equal, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, densely striate; operculum elliptic to elliptic- ovate, broadly rounded, base rounded or somewhat cordate, about 3.5 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, plane, not at all keeled or cristate, inside with numerous small, round glands. Racemes dark brown pubescent, the female ones in flower about 9 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, in fruit very long-peduncled, about 13 cm long and 3 cm wide, the peduncles up to 35 cm long. Pedicels 3 to 5 mm long, pubescent. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, 3 mm long, somewhat pubes- cent. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, 3 mm long, densely ferruginous- pubescent. Capsules glabrous, oblong to lanceolate, 6 to 1.5 mm long. PALAWAN, Silanga Peak, back of Silanga, Merrill 9588 (type), 9615, May 30, 1913. The first specimen cited is with female flowers and mature, but old, fruits, while the second is a juvenile stage of what is apparently the same species, both being collected in the same place, on steep, dry, forested ridges at an altitude of from 250 to 400 meters. X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 307 The species is apparently most closely allied to Nepenthes copelandii Merr., of Mindanao, differing, however, in many characters. It resembles Nepenthes alata Blanco, at least the form I take to be a juvenile stage, but the type number has quite wingless pitchers. Good differential charac- ters are its comparatively short capsules and its short-petioled flowers, together with its very obscurely nerved leaves, the lateral nerves, at times, being quite obsolete. ROSACEAE ANGELESIA Korthals ANGELESIA SPLENDENS Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 3 (1854) 384; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 236; Boerl. & Koord. in Ic. Bogor. 1 (1901) t. 96. Licania angelesia Blume Mél. Bot. (1855) no. 2, Flora 41 (1858) 256. Trichocarya splendens Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1* (1855) 358. Chrysobalanus splendens Miq. 1. ¢. in syn. Parinarium nitidum Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2 (1878) 310; King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 667 (1897) 284. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Piper 249, April, 1911. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17481 Ramos, April, 1914, Phil. Pl. 1696 Ramos. PALAWAN, Phil. Pl. 1224 Merrill, Elmer. S1puyan, Elmer 12180, 12214, distributed as a new species of Parinarium. I have examined the following extra-Philippine material: PENANG, Curtis 14a, 147, Ridley s. n. MALAY PENINSULA, Setul, Ridley 1508. Borneo, Sarawak, Tabuan, Native collector 784 Bureau of Science. I think that there can be no doubt as to the validity of Korthals’s genus, which is well figured by Boerlage and Koorders |. c. The species and genus were based on material collected in Borneo by Korthals, and as Boerlage and Koorders explain, were joined by Miquel‘ with Diemenia racemosa Korth. to form the genus Trichorcarya Miq. Later Miquel himself* separated the two genera, which, as Boerlage and Koorders note, has been overlooked by later authors. Bentham and Hooker f.° retain Miquel’s Trichocarya with two species, and Focke’ maintains the genus Angelesia with 2 or 3 species. Trichocarya splendens Miq., the type of the genus Trichocarya, is identical with Angelesia splendens Korth., but Miquel’s second species, Trichocarya ? racemosa Mig. (Diemenia racemosa Korth.) is, according to Boerlage and Koorders, identical with the earlier Parastemon urophyllus A. DC. The only synonym I have added to the list given by Boerlage and Koorders is Parinarium nitidum Hook. f., which is manifestly identical with Korthals’s species. Hooker cites in the original description “Malacca, Griffith, Maingay (Herb. Kew 619).-Distrib. Borneo;” King, among other specimens, cites “Griffith 2047/1;” while Boerlage and Koorders cite in their discussion Griffith 2047, and a part of their plate, the fruiting specimen, is drawn from Griffith’s specimen. Hooker himself indicated Parinarium nitidum as the type of an unnamed subgenus. King includes the species ‘Fl, Ind. Bat. 17 (1855) 358. *’ Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 236. *Gen. Plant. 1: 607. ‘Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3° (1888) 60. 808 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 in Parinarium with doubt, and expresses the opinion that, when mature fruits are known, a separate genus might be formed with advantage for the species, apparently not realizing that two generic names, Angelesia Korth. and Trichocarya Miq., had already been proposed for an identical species. Angelesia splendens Korth. is represented by the following material: MALAY PENINSULA, Setul, Ridley 15043: Malacca, Griffith 2047, Maingay 619, Derry 189, 1180: Perak, King’s collector 8599, 8680, 8711. PENANG, Curtis 14a, 147, 858, King’s collector 1274, 1472, Ridley s. n. BORNEO, Sarawak, Native collector 784, Bureau of Science; southern Borneo, Korthals. SuMATRA, Koorders, and the Philippine material cited above. PARINARIUM Aublet PARINARIUM VILLAMILII sp. nov. Arbor alta partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, acuminatis, usque ad 16 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, basi subtus 2-glandulosis, nervis reticulisque utrinque minute scaberulis, ramulis junioribus stipulisque longe adpresse ciliato-hirsutis, inflorescentiis axillar- ibus, racemosis (vel paniculatis?), adpresse pubescentibus; fruc- tibus ellipsoideis, 2.5 ad 3 cm longis. A tree reaching a height of 27 m, glabrous except the in- florescence and the younger parts. Branchlets slender, terete, dark reddish-brown and somewhat glaucous, the very young ones appressed-ciliate-hirsute with long, rather pale hairs, similar hairs on the stipules, younger petioles, and near the base of the leaf on the midrib beneath in young leaves. Leaves oblong, coria- ceous, pale when dry, 12 to 16 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, rather prominently acuminate, the acumen obtuse, base acute to nearly rounded, with two small glands on the lower surface near the junction with the petiole; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved, anastomos- ing, these and the reticulations minutely scaberulous on both surfaces; petioles 5 mm long or less, at maturity quite glabrous; stipules oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about 1 cm long, with scattered, appressed, long, pale hairs. Racemes (or panicles?) axillary, appressed-pubescent, in fruit up to 9 cm in length. Fruit ellipsoid, brown, 2.5 to 3 cm long (immature), prominently verruculose, the pedicels stout, pubescent, about 5 mm long, the persistent sepals pubescent on both surfaces, the tube villous within, stamens apparently at least 30. , MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Margosatubig, For. Bur. 218638 Villamil, June 9, 1914, forested slopes, altitude about 80 meters. Among the Philippine species most closely allied to Parinarium laurinum A. Gray, but entirely different in vegetative characters. X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 809 PARINARIUM BICOLOR sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, subtus foliis ramulis inflorescen- tiisque dense albido- vel ferrugineo-villosis ; foliis coriaceis, usque ad 7 cm longis, oblongo-ellipticis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, supra castaneis, nitidis, glabris, subtus albidis vel subferrugineis, densissime tomentosis villo- sisque, nervis utrinque circiter 15, prominentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus confertis, dense multifloris, usque ad 4 cm diametro, bracteis bracteolisque numerosis; floribus circiter 4 mm longis, petalis sepalisque subaequilongis. A tree about 10 m high, the younger parts and inflorescence densely ferruginous-villous, the lower surface of the leaves very densely white- or subferruginous-tomentose and more or less villous. Branches dark-colored, terete, glabrous, the younger ones ferruginous. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 4 to 7 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, base rounded to subacute, apex shortly and obscurely blunt-acuminate, the upper surface cas- taneous, glabrous and shining when dry, when young somewhat ferruginous-tomentose, the lower surface white or subferrugi- nous; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, nearly straight; petioles densely ferruginous-villous, 3 mm long or less; stipules inequilateral, de- ciduous, oblong acuminate, up to 7 mm long, somewhat pubescent. Panicles terminal, dense, many-flowered, densely ferruginous- tomentose, up to 4 mm in diameter. Flowers yellowish-brown, their pedicels short, densely villous, the bracteoles oblong-ovate, acuminate, pubescent, concave, about 4 mm long. Calyx about 4 mm long, densely ferruginous-villous, the lobes 5, oblong, acuminate, 1.2 to 2 mm long. Petals membranaceous, glabrous, about 2 mm long, oblong-obovate. Calyx-tube densely villous within. Style densely villous below, glabrous or nearly so above. Fruit hard, irregular, dark brown, somewhat ovoid, about 3 em long and 2.3 cm in diameter, apex rounded. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao (Ginituan Island), For. Bur. 28022 Razon, October 6, 1914, on slopes, altitude about 30 meters. A species entirely different from the other Philippine representatives of the genus, well characterized by its small leaves and its indumentum. Its alliance is with the Malayan Parinarium costatum Blume. PARINARIUM CORYMBOSUM (Blume) Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1* (1855) 356. Maranthes corymbosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 89. Maranthes multiflora Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 259, t. 70, fide Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 98. Parinarium grifithianum Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. (1849) 334; Mia. 1. c. 356; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 76; Vid. Sinopsis Atlas 310 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 (1883) 25, t. 46, f. A; Koord. & Valeton Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 5 (1900) 334; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 118; Whitford in Philip. For. Bureau Bull. 107 (1911) 34, pl. 14, 15. Grymania salicifolia Pres] Epim. Bot. (1849) 193. Parinarium salicifolium Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1% (1855) 357; F.-Vill. 1, c. 76; Vid. Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 121. Parinarium multiflorum Miq. 1. ¢c. 356. Parinarium racemosum Vid. Cat. Pl. Prov. Manila (1880) 29. This species is very widely distributed in the Philippines, and is re- presented in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science by about 60 speci- mens, from all parts of the Archipelago from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao. What is manifestly the oldest specific name is here adopted, for Blume’s species was reduced to Parinarium griffithianum Benth. by Koorders and Valeton, which reduction is apparently correct. Blume’s name, being by far the oldest one, must be adopted. The species is a widely distributed one, extending from the Andaman Islands through Sumatra, Borneo, and Java to New Guinea and northern Australia. PARINARIUM LAURINUM A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 490, pl. 55; K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzegeb. Stidsee (1901) 341. Parinarium scabrum Merr. in Philip. For. Bureau Bull. 1 (1903) 22, non Hassk. Parinarium mindanaense Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (June, 1904) 119. Parinarium racemosum Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (October, 1904) 19, non Vidal. Parinarium curranii Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 264. Luzon, Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10575 Curran, June, 1908. MAsBATE, Merrill 2614, May, 1908 (type of P. racemosum Merr.-P. curranii Merr.). PALAWAN, Malampaya Bay, For. Bur. 11253 Manalo, January, 1908, Merrill 7255, September, 1910. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Ahern 375: Butuan Subprovince, La Paz, Miller s. n., July, 1910: District of Davao, Warburg 14484, in herb. Berlin (type of P. mindanaense Perk.), Elmer 11287, 12888. There appears to be no doubt as to the specific identity of all the Philippine material cited above, and equally as little doubt as to the identity of the Philippine form with Parinarium laurinum A. Gray. The type of Parinarium laurinum was from the Samoan Islands, and is well figured and illustrated by Gray. The species is also represented in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science by Vaupel 237 from Samoa (dis- tributed as Parinarium insularum A. Gray), a specimen that agrees perfectly with the original description and plate of Parinarium laurinum A. Gray, but not with P. insularum A. Gray. This specimen in all essential characters also agrees with the Philippine material. Parinarium laurinum A. Gray is known from the Samoan, Fiji, Solomon, and Admiralty Islands, and in consideration of the general character of the Polynesian flora, its discovery in the Philippines is not at all surprising. A considerable number of species are known only from the Philippines and Polynesia, and a still greater number are represented in the two regions by very closely allied forms. In a collection of plants made in Samoa by Vaupel, which I have examined carefully, the similarity between the x, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 811 constituents of the Samoan and Philippine flora is so very striking that Vaupel’s entire collection might almost as well have been made at some point in the Philippines; the percentage of difference as to species is no greater between Vaupel’s Samoan collection and the general run of the Philippine flora than is noted in current collections made in botanically unexplored parts of the Philippines as compared with the known flora of the Archipelago. K. Schumann and Lauterbach note that oil produced by the fruits is used in the Solomon Islands for caulking the seams of boats; in the Philippines it is used by the natives of Agusan Valley, Mindanao, for water-proofing bamboo and rattan baskets. The following note was sup- plied by Dr. M. L. Miller, of the division of ethnology, Bureau of Science, and communicated by him with botanical specimens: “The fruit of the tabon-tabon tree, when mature, is full of a yellowish-white pulp, that has about the hardness of a camote (sweet potato). On being rubbed over a rough surface, such as a rattan plaiting, it fills the interstices, assuming a chocolate color and drying within an hour to a hardness that does not crack under a torrid sun. The coating of tabon-tabon on baskets, etc., is frequently darkened in color with charcoal.” Native names: tambon-tambon (Masbate); batobon (Palawan); tabun- tabun (Albay) ; tabon-tabon (Surigao, Agusan). As to nomenclature, the oldest valid specific name applied to the Philip- pine form is Parinarium mindanaense Perk., the type of which I have examined in the Berlin herbarium. Parinariwm racemosum Merr., published a few months later, and during the same year, is invalidated by P. race- mosum Vid. (1880); P. curranii Merr. was proposed as a new name for P. racemosum Merr., non Vidal. PYGEUM Gaertner PYGEUM EUPHLEBIUM sp. nov. Arbor 10 m alta, subtus foliis ad costa ramulis inflorescen- tiisque ferrugineo-villosis; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis, integris, acuminatis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, supra impressis, subtus valde prominen- tibus, reticulis laxis, obscuris; racemis spiciformibus, brevibus, fasciculatis, 1 ad 1.5 cm longis, bracteolis deciduis, fructibus junioribus anguste ovoideis, plus minusve ferrugineo-villosis. A tree about 10 m high, the young branches, inflorescence, petioles, and the leaves along the midrib on the lower surface rather prominently ferruginous-villous. Branches slender, te- rete, dark brownish-purple, glabrous. Leaves oblong, coria- ceous, 7 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, the upper surface shining, brownish-olivaceous, the lower paler, brownish, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate, the base subacute to rounded, with one or two plane, dark-colored, small glands evident on the lower surface near the base; lateral nerves impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, 8 to 10 on each 312 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 side of the midrib, curved upward near the margins, scarcely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles 7 to 10 mm long. Racemes short, ferruginous-villous, fascicled, spike- like, 1 to 1.5 cm long, usually two or three in a fascicle in the axils of leaves or of fallen leaves, the bracteoles small, deciduous; young fruit narrowly ovoid, 5 mm long, ferruginous-villous with scattered hairs, the rather slender style persistent. MINDANAO, District of Lanao, Momungan, For. Bur. 20619 Miranda, May 20, 1913, along Agus River, sea level to 80 meters in altitude. A species allied to Pygeum merrillianum Koehne, but entirely different from that form, well characterized by its ferruginous-villous, short, fas- cicled, spikelike racemes, its pubescent young fruit, indicating a pubescent ovary, and its very prominently nerved leaves. PYGEUM MONTICOLUM sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, partibus junioribus ferrugineo- pubescentibus; foliis crasse coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 10 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, eglandulosis; nervis utrinque circiter 8, subtus prominen- tibus; racemis axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 5 cm longis; fruc- tibus globosis, glabris vel subglabris, 2 cm diametro. A tree about 10 m high, the younger parts, branchlets, young leaves, etc. rather densely ferruginous-villous. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong or somewhat oblong- lanceolate, 8 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 4 em wide, entire, about equally narrowed to the distinctly acuminate apex and to the acute base, the basal glands none, the upper surface dark olivaceous, prom- inently shining, the lower paler, dull, very slightly pubescent along the midrib at maturity; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, some- what ascending, distinctly anastomosing, the reticulations rather fine, distinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Racemes axillary, soli- tary, up to 5 cm long, ferruginous-pubescent. Fruits globose, glabrous or nearly so, 2 cm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Whitford 1203, April 7, 1905, forested slopes, altitude about 1,060 meters. A species best characterized by its thickly coriaceous, eglandular leaves and its very large fruits. PYGEUM MEGAPHYLLUM sp. nov. Arbor parva, racemis exceptis glabra; foliis ellipticis vel ovato- ellipticis, chartaceis, circiter 20 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi subrotundatis vel subacutis, glandulis 2 magnis instructis; racemis solitariis, axillaribus vel in axillis defoliatis, 6 ad 9 0, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 313 cm longis, dense fulvo-pilosis; floribus in anthesis 1 ad 1.5 cm diametro. A small tree about 8 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches brown, smooth, slender, terete, the ultimate ones 2 to 3mm in diameter. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate, chartaceous, brown when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper, some- what shining, about 20 cm long, 10 cm wide, the apex rather broadly acuminate, the acumen blunt, the base rounded or sub- acute, sometimes a little decurrent, supplied at the junction with the petiole with a pair of very prominent oblong glands which are open on the lower surface, slightly projecting on the upper one; lateral nerves about 10 pairs, rather prominent; petioles 2 cm long. Racemes axillary, 6 to 9 cm long, rather densely pubescent with pale fulvous hairs; bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, 3.5 mm long, deciduous; pedicels about 2mm long. Flowers white, in anthesis 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 3 mm long, 4 mm in diameter at the throat, the lobes 6, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, pu- bescent, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Petals 6, suborbicular to orbicular- ovate, 2 mm long, very densely pubescent on both surfaces. Stamens indefinite, the filaments 2 to 6 mm long. Ovary gla- brous, ovoid; style 5 mm long. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Dahican River back of San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 14923 Ramos, June, 1912. A distinct species, well characterized by its unusually large leaves with their very prominent basal glands, and by its flowers which are con- siderably larger than those of any other known Philippine species. LEGUMINOSAE ORMOSIA Jack ORMOSIA VILLAMILII sp. nov. § Amacrotropis. Arbor circiter 25 m alta, glabra, inflorescentiis ignotis; foliis imparipinnatis, circiter 25 cm longis, foliolis circiter 7, alternis vel inferioribus suboppositis, chartaceis, nitidis, oblongis, usque ad 11 em longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis; leguminibus anguste oblongis, tenuibus, 11 cm longis, 2.5 ad 3 cm latis, semi- nibus 3 vel 4. A tree about 25 m in height, quite glabrous so far as the ma- terial shows (inflorescence not seen). Branches slender, brown- ish, shining, terete, lenticellate. Leaves alternate, about 25 cm long, the rachis and petiole dark brown or nearly black when dry ; leaflets usually 7, alternate, or the lower ones subopposite, 814 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 shining, mostly oblong, the lower surface a little paler than the upper one, 6 to 11 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, the base rounded, the apex blunt-acuminate, the acumen distinctly retuse; lateral nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent; peti- olules 4 to 5 mm long, the rachis bearing the terminal leaflet produced. Inflorescence and flowers not seen. Pods narrowly oblong, thin, pale brown or grayish, smooth and shining, about 11 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, acute or acuminate, base decurrent into a short stipe, the margins narrowly keeled, apparently tardily dehiscent, containing three or four seeds. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, opposite Olutanga Island, For. Bur. 18290 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, May 16, 1912, on forested slopes near the sea, altitude about 20 meters. There is some doubt as to the correctness of referring the species to Ormosia in the absence of flowers, but it is probably correct, and probably referable to the section Amacrotropis. Its Moro name, bahay, is also sig- nificant, for in other parts of the Archipelago this is the common name of Ormosia calavensis Azaola. The seeds, in the specimens available, were destroyed by insects before the time of collection. SINDORA Miquel SINDORA INERMIS sp. nov. Arbor alta, partibus junioribus leviter pubescentibus; foliolis 6, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, subellipticis, breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis aliquis inaequilateralibus; stipulis late acinaciformibus, 2 ad 2.5 cm longis; leguminibus compressis, inermis, inaequilateraliter subel- lipticis, circiter 7 cm longis et 5 cm latis, brevissime apiculatis. A tall tree, the younger parts sparingly pubescent, otherwise glabrous (inflorescence not seen). Branches slender, terete, brown. Leaves about 25 cm long, each with 6 leaflets, the leaflets chartaceous to subcoriaceous, subelliptic, somewhat shining, brownish-olivaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 5.5 to 6.5 em wide, some of them more or less inequilateral, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, base subacute to rounded; lateral nerves slender, 15 or more on each side of the midrib, both surfaces rather distinctly and densely subfoveolate-reticulate; stipules broadly scimitar- shaped, falcate, coriaceous, 2 to 2.5 cm long, shortly acuminate. Flowers not seen. Fruits compressed, somewhat inequilateral, about 7 cm long, 5 cm wide, brown, glabrous, with a short excen- tric apiculus at the apex, the valves unarmed, thickly coriaceous. MINDANAO, District of Cotabato, Sapu, Sarangani Bay, For. Bur. 23054 Ferraris, October 3, 1914, growing at sea level near the mangrove, locally known as gayugalo, oil-producing like Sindora supa. A sterile specimen, X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 315 For. Bur. 23039 Ferraris from the same locality, dry slopes, altitude about 50 meters, probably represents the same species. The species is decidedly similar to Sindora supa Merr. in its vegetative characters, but differs in having its pods entirely unarmed. BURSERACEAE CANARIUM Linnaeus CANARIUM CAUDATIFOLIUM sp. nov. Arbor glabra (floribus ignotis), circiter 10 m alta; foliis circiter 70 cm longis, foliolis 11, subcoriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo- lanceolatis, integris, usque ad 20 cm longis, apice caudato-acumi- natis, basi acutis, plus minusve inaequilateralibus, in siccitate pallidis nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, patulis, prominen- tibus; infructescentiis 22 cm longis, cymosis, longe pedunculatis; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis vel oblongis, haud angulatis, inaequila- teralibus, 4 cm longis, obtusis, 1-locellatis, pericarpio crustaceo, in siccitate valde rugoso. A glabrous tree (flowers unknown), about 10 m high, the branches and branchlets, petioles, petiolules, axis, and branches of the infructescence reddish-brown, with numerous small len- ticels. Ultimate branches subterete, about 1 cm in diameter, longitudinally wrinkled when dry. Leaves alternate, about 70 cm long; leaflets 11, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 15 to 22 cm long, 5.5 to 7 em wide, entire, subcoriaceous, the apex prominently caudate-acuminate, the acumen 1.5 to 2 cm long, slender, blunt, the base acute or subacute, somewhat inequilateral, the upper surface pale and shining when dry, the lower a little browner than the upper ; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, spreading, somewhat curved upward, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiolules about 2 cm long. Infructescence axillary, about 22 cm long, cymose, the peduncles at least 12 cm long, above somewhat dichotomously branched, the pedicels about 1.5 cm long. Fruits oblong to oblong-ovoid, subterete, not at all angled, inequilateral, about 4 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, base rounded, apex obtuse, 1-celled, the pericarp crustaceous, yellowish, and prominently wrinkled when dry. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Ilaya Mainit, For. Bur. 22827 Ponce, August 16, 1914, on semiopen slopes, altitude about 15 meters, locally known as pilithanay. A species well characterized by its rather large, prominently caudate- acuminate, entire leaflets, its cymose infructescence, and its subterete, inequilateral, rather large fruits, the pericarp thin, crustaceous, and prom- inently wrinkled when dry. Its alliance is apparently with Canariwm nitens Merr., although it is entirely different from that species. 316 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 POLYGALACEAE XANTHOPHYLLUM Roxburgh XANTHOPHYLLUM PSEUDOSTIPULACEUM sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis coriaceis, oblongis vel oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 7 cm longis, basi acutis, apice obtusis ad obtuse acuminatis, subtus pallidis, nervis vix prominentibus, axillis petiolorum squamis binis oblongis coriaceis 5 ad 7 mm longis instructis; racemis puberulis, nodis valde incrassatis; fructibus globosis, 1.5 em diametro. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, smooth, brown or yellowish-brown, quite glab- rous. Leaves rather thickly coriaceous, oblong to oblong-ovate, 5 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, the base acute, apex obtuse to obtusely acuminate, the upper surface somewhat yellowish when dry, shining, the lower much paler but scarcely glaucous; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, not prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations rather close; petioles 5 to 8 mm long; axillary scales stipulelike, oblong, coriaceous, closely ap- pressed in pairs, 2 scales in each axil, oblong, obtuse, persistent, 5 to 7 mm long. Racemes terminal, simple, rarely panicled, puberulent, in fruit up to 6 cm long, the internodes very short, the nodes strongly thickened, each with a prominent scar of the fallen pedicel. Flowers not seen. Fruit globose, smooth, about 1.5 cm in diameter. LuZON, Province of Isabela, Palanan Bay, Bur. Sci. 21185 Escritor (type), June, 1918: Province of Nueva Ecija, Mount Macasantol, For. Bur. 22408 Alvarez, February, 1911. , The species is strongly characterized by its unusually large, coriaceous, persistent, oblong, 5 to 7 mm long axillary scales and its comparatively small leaves. It does not appear to be closely allied to any previously described form, at least from the Philippines. AQUIFOLIACEAE ILEX Linnaeus ILEX GUERREROII sp. nov. § Aquifolium, Lemurenses. _ Frutex vel arbor parvus, glaber; foliis coriaceis, integris vel subintegris, oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 7 cm longis, acutis, obscure acuminatis vel obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, supra obsoletis; floribus ¢ axillaribus, fasciculatis, 4-meris, pedicellis circiter 4 mm longis, bibracteolatis; ovario 4-loculare. A shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout. Branches terete, rather stout, somewhat wrinkled when dry, pale gray. Leaves X, ©, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 317 coriaceous, oblong to narrowly oblong-elliptic, shining when dry, 5 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 2.8 cm wide, entire or sometimes obscurely and distantly subcrenulate, the apex acute, slightly acuminate, or blunt, the base usually somewhat decurrent-acu- minate; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, obsolete above, spreading, anastomosing, the reticulations very few, lax; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Pistillate flowers axillary, fascicled, two to six in each axil, the pedicels about 4 mm long, each with a pair of ovate, acuminate bracteoles at the lower one-fourth or one- third. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-lobes about 1.5 mm wide, 1 mm long, rounded. Petals free, 3 to 3.5 mm long, about 2 mm wide, oblong-ovate, rounded. Staminodes about 2 mm long. Ovary rhomboid-ovoid, 4-celled; stigma large, sessile, 1.5 mm in diameter. Very immature fruit somewhat angled, wrinkled, 4 mm long, 4-celled. LUZON, Province of Rizal, mountains back of San Mateo, comm. Leon Guerrero, 1910. - A species apparently allied to Jlex sumatrana Loesener, but quite dif- ferent from that form. ILEX SUBCAUDATA sp. nov. § Thyrsoprinus, Indico-Malaicae. Frutex vel arbor parvus, glaber; foliis ovato-ellipticis, usque ad 7 cm longis, integris, subcoriaceis, siccitate nitidis, breviter petiolatis, utrinque acuminatis, apice subcaudatis, acuminibus obtusis, circiter 1 cm longis; racemis ¢ axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, quam folia paulo brevioribus; floribus 4-, rariter 5- meris. An erect, glabrous shrub or small tree. Branches rather slen- der, terete, wrinkled when dry, reddish-brown or grayish, not lenticellate. Leaves scattered, the internodes 1 to 3.5 cm long, ovate-elliptic, subcoriaceous, shining when dry, not punctate or glandular, somewhat pale, 5 to 7 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, entire, the apex rather abruptly subcaudate-acuminate, the acu- men about 1 cm long, blunt, straight or somewhat falcate, the base somewhat acuminate, the margins not, or very slightly, re- curved; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; peti- oles 3 to 4:mm long; stipules, if present, very early deciduous. Staminate racemes solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils, 3 to 5 cm long, each with from 10 to 20, slenderly pedicelled flowers, the pedicels 4 to 5 cm long, each subtended by a small, ovate, obtuse bracteole less than 1 mm long. Flowers 4-, rarely 5-merous. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, 0.5 to 0.8 mm long. Corolla-tube 1 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long. Anthers 318 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 0.8mm long. Ovary rudimentary. Pistillate flowers and fruits unknown. Luzon, Province of Rizal, mountains back of San Mateo, comm. Leon Guerrero, 1910. A species probably as closely allied to Jlex spicata Bl. as to any other species, but abundantly distinct. ILEX PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov. § Byronia, Eubyronia. Species J. cymosae affinis, differt foliis crassissime coriaceis, apice late rotundatis vel obtusis retusisque, vix acuminatis, flo- ribus majoribus, ovario 4- vel 5-locellato. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous except the somewhat pubes- cent inflorescence. . Branches terete, stout, dark-colored. Leaves very thickly coriaceous, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 6 cm wide, entire, the apex broadly rounded to obtuse, usually more or less retuse, never acuminate, the base somewhat narrowed, acute or a little decurrent-acuminate, the margins strongly revolute, the upper surface olivaceous when dry, some- what shining, the lower shining, much paler; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, dark reddish-brown. Inflorescence cymose, sparingly cinereous- pubescent, the cymes in the upper axils pseudo-terminal, many- flowered, 2 to 5 cm long and wide. Flowers white, 5-merous, the pedicels and calyx somewhat puberulent, the calyx-lobes orbiculate-ovate, about 1.5 mm long, somewhat serrate-lacerate. Petals 5, oblong to oblong-ovate, rounded, about 3 mm long. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, glabrous, oblong, narrowed upward. Young fruit narrowly ovoid. LUZON, Province of Tayabas, Mount Binuang, back of Infanta, Bur. Sci. 9400 Robinson, August 28, 1909, in the mossy forest, altitude about 980 meters. ILEX BRUNNEA sp. nov. § Thyrsoprinus, Indico-Malaicae. Frutex ut videtur epiphyticus, glaber, ramis ramulisque pal- lidis; foliis alternis, integris, coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad ellip- tico-lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis vel basi acutis, usque ad 5 cm longis, petiolatis, in siccitate nitidis, brunneis, nervis latera- libus utrinque circiter 6, tenuibus, indistinctis; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus, solitariis, racemosis, racemis numerosis, multifloris, 2 ad 4 cm longis; floribus 4- vel 5-meris, petalis 2 mm longis. Apparently an epiphytic shrub, quite glabrous or the racemes very slightly and obscurely pubescent. Branches pale gray, te- rete, slightly wrinkled when dry, the branchlets similar, some- what angled, 1 to 1.2 mm thick. Leaves alternate, 3 to 5 cm X, C5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 8319 long, 1.4 to 3 cm wide, oblong-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, about equally narrowed to the somewhat blunt-acuminate apex and to the acute or somewhat acuminate base, entire, coriaceous, when dry strongly shining on the upper surface, a little paler on the lower surface, uniformly dark brown, the lower surface very minutely, densely, and obscurely puncticulate, and with few, scat- tered, larger, dark glands; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, very slender, obscure, anastomosing, the reticu- lations obsolete or nearly so; petioles about 5 mm long. Male racemes axillary, solitary, rarely 2 in an axil, numerous, 2 to 4 cm long, many-flowered, glabrous or very obscurely and spar- ingly pubescent, the flowers sometimes solitary at the nodes of the racemes, more often in fascicles of from 2 to 6, their pedicels slender, up to 5 mm long, the bracteoles narrowly ovate, 0.5 mm long. Flowers white, 4- and 5-merous in the same raceme. Calyx glabrous, about 2.5 mm in diameter, the lobes broadly elliptic-ovate to suborbicular, broadly rounded, 0.5 mm long. Petals narrowly oblong, 2 mm long, rounded or obtuse, glabrous. Filaments 2 mm long; anthers somewhat ovoid, 0.8 mm long. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19461 Ramos, January 15, 1913. Said by the collector to grow on trees at the summit of the mountain. Most closely allied to Ilex halconensis Merr., from which it differs in its smaller, obscurely nerved, brown leaves, more numerous racemes, and smaller flowers. CELASTRACEAE MICROTROPIS Wallich MICROTROPIS PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. Arbor glabra; foliis coriaceis, in siccitate pallidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, petiolatis, breviter acuminatis, basi decurrento- acuminatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12; cymis axillaribus, extra- axillaribusque, pedunculatis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, multifloris, floribus 5-meris, sessilibus, capitato confertis; capsulis ellipsoi- deis, acutis vel apiculato-acuminatis, circiter 1.5 cm longis. Apparently a tree, quite glabrous. Branches terete, reddish- brown or pale when dry, the tips of the branchlets somewhat compressed. Leaves large, coriaceous, pale, and somewhat shin- ing when dry, the lower surface somewhat brownish, 12 to 20 em long, 5.5 to 12 cm wide, subequally narrowed at both ends, elliptic-ovate, apex shortly and sharply acuminate, base decur- rent-acuminate; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the mid- rib, slender, anastomosing, the reticulations rather close, fine, distinct; petioles stout, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Cymes axillary and 133910——3 820 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 extra-axillary, peduncled, mostly 3-branched, up to 2.5 cm long, each subtended by several, coriaceous, linear bracts 2 to 5 mm in length. Flowers numerous, 5-merous, capitate at the tips of the branches, the heads up to 7 mm in diameter. Sepals obovate- orbicular, concave, externally prominently wrinkled-reticulate, about 2 mm in diameter, glabrous except the somewhat furfu- raceous-incised margins. Corolla about 3.5 mm long, the tube short, the lobes elliptic-obovate, rounded, about 2 mm long, glab- rous; filaments 1 mm long; anthers about 0.5 mm long. Ovary brown, glabrous, 2 mm in length. Capsule apparently some- what fleshy when fresh, ellipsoid, about 1.5 em long, 2-valved, the pericarp thickly coriaceous, apex acute or apiculate-acumi- nate; seed solitary, about 1 cm long, brown, and much wrinkled when dry. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Montalban, Loher 5779 (type), in flower, March, 1906, 5774, in fruit, July, 1905. A species readily recognizable by its unusually large leaves. EUONYMUS Linnaeus EVONYMUS OLIGANTHUS sp. nov. Arbor glabra circiter 8 m alta; foliis chartaceis ad subcoria- ceis, oblongo-oblanceolatis vel oblongo-ellipticis ad obovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, pallidis, nitidis, sursum plus minusve serrato- crenulatis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi cuneatis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, tenuibus; cymis axillaribus, tenuibus, longe pedunculatis, usque ad 9 em longis, dichotomis, paucifloris; fructibus obovoideis, circiter 6 mm longis, vix sulcatis, laevis. A glabrous tree about 8 m high, the branches pale yellowish- green, slender, terete. Leaves opposite, chartaceous to subcoria- ceous, pale yellowish-green on both surfaces when dry, shining, oblong-elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate or obovate, 6 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the cuneate base and to the shortly broad-acuminate apex, the upper part distinctly serrate-crenulate with small distant teeth, below entire; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles 4 to 7 mm long. Cymes axillary, slender, few-flowered, dichotomous, in fruit up to 9 cm long. Flowers mostly in groups of threes at the tips of the branchlets, the very young buds obovoid, sepals and petals more or less ciliate, the latter at maturity possibly lacerate. Mature fruits crimson, smooth, obovoid when dry, about 6 mm long, somewhat apiculate by the persistent style, not or very obscurely longitudinally suleate when dry, when eke. 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII Ser fresh not at all so, the persistent calyx thickly coriaceous, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, the lobes reniform, 2 mm long, about 3 mm wide, glabrous. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Merrill 9644, May, 1914, in thickets, limestone region, Sablan trail, altitude about 1,300 meters. A species allied to Huonymus viburnifolius (Juss.) Merr. (E£. philip- pinensis Merr.), differing in its smaller leaves, slender, elongated, very few-flowered cymes, and smaller fruits which are not sulcate or lobed. GLYPTOPETALUM Thwaites GLYPTOPETALUM LOHERI sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor glabra; foliis subcoriaceis, ellipticis ad ellip- tico-ovatis, integris, breviter petiolatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, tenuibus, obscuris, reticulis subobsoletis; cymis axillaribus, brevibus, paucifloris; fructibus globosis, 6 ad 10 mm diametro, 1- ad 4-locellatis. A glabrous shrub or small tree, the branches terete, reddish- brown, the younger ones pale straw-colored. Leaves rather un- equal in size, opposite, subcoriaceous, pale when dry, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 6 to 10 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, subequally nar- rowed to the acute base and to the sharply acuminate apex, shin- ing, entire; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure, the reticulations nearly obsolete; petioles 3 to 4 mm long. Cymes axillary, short, the peduncles 1 cm long or less, unbranched or with two very short branchlets. Flowers ap- parently sessile, crowded, few. Fruits globose, 6 to 10 mm in diameter, not sulcate, 1- to 4-celled, 1- to 4-seeded, the pericarp pale when dry, thickly coriaceous; seeds brown, about 7 mm long, the apical one-third surrounded by a thin, membranaceous, brittle, brown aril. Persistent sepals coriaceous, reniform, 4, entire, 2 to 3 mm wide. LuzoN, Province of Rizal, Montalban, Loher 5765 (type), 5796, February and December, 1904. A species characterized by its pale, obscurely nerved leaves, its nearly obsolete reticulations, and its globose, not sulcate fruits. GLYPTOPETALUM MARIVELENSE sp. nov. Arbor parva, glabra, 3 ad 7 m alta; foliis oblongis ad oblongo- lanceolatis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, utrinque aequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, margine crenulato-serrulatis, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7, tenuibus, laxe anastomosantibus, reticulis distinctis, laxis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, tenuibus, usque ad 10 cm longis, plerumque breviter furcatis, ut videtur paucifloris; fructibus de- 3822 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 presso-globosis, circiter 1.5 cm diametro, in siccitate brunneis, rugosis, 3- vel 4-locellatis, sepalis 4, persistentibus integris. A shrub or small tree 3 to 7 m high, quite glabrous. Branches terete, slender, straw-colored or yellowish-green. Leaves op- posite, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, pale and shining when dry, 7 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 em wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and the shortly acuminate apex, the margins distinctly crenulate-serrate, the midrib very prominent; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, laxly anastomosing, the reticulations slender, lax; peti- oles about 5 mm long. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, slender, usually forked near the apex, apparently few-flowered, up to 10 cm long in fruit, the bracts in pairs, lanceolate, acuminate, about 1.5 mm long. Flowers 4-merous. Fruits depressed-glo- bose, brown when mature, about 1.5 cm in diameter, 3- or 4-celled, the pericarp coriaceous, wrinkled. Seeds 1 in each cell, attached near the apex of the cell, brown, about 8 mm long, the upper one-third surrounded by a thin brown aril. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Mount Mariveles, Elmer 6644 (type), November, 1904, Whitford s. n., For. Bur. 2689 Meyer, February, 1905 (the two latter with mature fruits): Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10306 Curran, April, 1908. From this can scarcely be distinguished For. Bur. 6457 Everett, from Cebu, February, 1907, and this specimen probably represents a form of the same species. In forests, altitude about 800 meters. Duplicates of some of the above specimens were studied by me in the Kew Herbarium in December, 1907, and the memorandum then made was attached to one of the sheets in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science to the effect that the material represented a new species of Huonymus; later Mr. Elmer added the specific name marivelensis (sub. Euonymus) to our specimen of his No. 6644. A further study of the material leads me to consider that the species should be treated under the genus Glyptopetalum. Var. EUPHLEBIUM var. nov. A typo differt foliis valde nervosis, nervis, lateralibus reti- culisque primariis subtus admodum prominentibus. LuzON, Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8108 Curran & Merritt, December 15, 1907, in forests, altitude 100 to 1,400 meters. ICACINACEAE PHYTOCRENE Wallich PHY TOCRENE OBOVOIDEA sp. nov. Frutex alte scandens; foliis ovatis, coriaceis, glabris, in siccitate pallidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, acuminatis, integris, basi cordatis, 5-nervis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 vel 4, subtus valde prom- inentibus; capitulis @ binis, pedunculatis, globosis, circiter 2 cm X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 323 diametro, floribus 4-meris, sub fructu globosis, circiter 10 cm diametro, fructibus obovoideis vel oblongo-obovoideis, circiter 3.5 cm longis, apice abrupte rotundatis, depressis, abrupte brevissime apiculatis, densissime retrorse hirsutis. A scandent shrub apparently of large size, the fruit-bearing branches up to 1.5 cm in diameter, pale brownish, prominently wrinkled when dry. Leaves ovate, coriaceous, pale, 12 to 16 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, entire, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower surface paler, glabrous, apex acuminate, base prom- inently cordate; basal nerves 5, the lateral ones about 4 pairs (or 3 above the base), very prominent, looped-anastomosing near the margins, the reticulations very distinct; petioles 5 to 7 cm long, very slightly hirsute. Female heads, just after anthesis, in pairs, apparently from the axils of fallen leaves, brown, globose, about 2 cm in diameter, their peduncles brown-hirsute, up to 4 cm in length. Flowers 4-merous, the calyx 4 to 5 mm long, lobes broadly ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate, up to 1.5 mm long, externally densely appressed-hirsute. Ovaries densely hirsute, when slightly developed (6 to 8 mm long) distinctly 3- or 4-toothed at the apex, the base narrowed. Heads in fruit (im- mature) globose, 8 to 10 cm in diameter, brown, the drupes very numerous, obovoid to oblong-obovoid, about 3.5 cm long, the apex up to 2 cm in diameter, angular by mutual pressure, gradually narrowed from the apex to the base, the apex itself abruptly rounded, usually distinctly depressed, and with a short, stout, blunt apiculus 2 mm long or less, all parts very densely hirsute with stiff, brown, appressed, reflexed hairs. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18832 McGregor, June 28, 1914, in forests. This species is manifestly allied to Phytocrene blancoi (Azaola) Merr., which in turn is doubtfully distinct from Phytocrene macrophylla Blume; it differs, however, in its leaves being glabrous beneath, and in its entirely differently shaped drupes which are not gradually narrowed upward to the tip, but are obovoid or oblong-obovoid, abruptly rounded and depressed, gradually narrowed from the apex to the base. In the shape of its drupes it is equally distinct from Phytocrene dasycarpa Migq. TILIACEAE COLUMBIA Persoon COLUMBIA SUBINTEGRA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 35 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, coriaceis, usque ad 17 cm longis, utrin- que glabris, nitidis, concoloribusque, integris vel leviter undulatis, aequilateralibus, basi late rotundatis, apice acuminatis; paniculis terminalibus, pyramidatis, pubescentibus; fructibus 2 cm dia- metro, suborbicularis, 5-alatis. 324 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 A tree about 35 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches slender, terete, brownish. Leaves coriaceous, equilat- eral, ovate to oblong-ovate, 14 to 17 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, of the same color, brownish and shining on both surfaces, en- tirely glabrous, the base broadly rounded, the apex acuminate, the margins entire or somewhat undulate, or even obscurely un- dulate-toothed in the upper part; nerves 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations slender, but distinct; petioles 2 to 2.5cm long. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, uniformly pubes- cent, about 25 cm long, the branches scattered, the lower ones 10 cm long. Flowers not seen. Fruit orbicular in outline (lat- eral view), 2 cm in diameter, slightly pubescent or becoming glabrous, somewhat retuse at both base and apex, equally 5- winged, the wings about 8 mm wide. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Talisay, For. Bur. 13776 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, June 18, 1912, in forests, altitude about 20 meters. The species is locally known as malacayan a name applied also to other unrelated species, and is allied to Columbia longipetiolata Merr. of Luzon, from which it differs in its entire or nearly entire leaves. The fruit is red when fresh, the bark very tough and stringy as in other species of the genus, and the wood has a slightly pungent odor. THEACEAE TERNSTROEMIA Mutis TERNSTROEMIA JAPONICA Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 (1794) 385; Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 280. Adinandra coriacea Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 322. LuzON, Province of Tayabas, Lucban (Mount Banajao), Elmer 74388, 9214: Province of Laguna, Mount San Cristobal, Copeland, May, 1908: Province of Zambales, Mount Tapulao, For. Bur. 8075 Curran & Merritt, Bur. Sci. 4696, 5077 Ramos. MINporo, Mount Haleon, For. Bur. 4473 Merritt, June, 1906. PALAWAN, Mount Victoria, Bur. Sci. 646 Foxworthy, March, 1906. This species is widely distributed, extending from Japan and China to the mountains of India, Ceylon, and Sumatra. The Philippine material, while variable, agrees rather closely in all essential characters with speci- mens from Japan, Ceylon, and China. The species described by Mr. Elmer as Adinandra coriacea is a typical Ternstroemia in all respects. GUTTIFERAE CALOPHYLLUM Linnaeus CALOPHYLLUM FERRUGINEUM sp. nov. § Jnophyllum. Arbor alta, ramis ramulisque crassis, partibus junioribus in- florescentiisque dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis crassissi- me coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 10 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, basi acutis, apice obtusis ad obscure acuminatis, subtus X, 6,5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 325 leviter ferrugineo-pubescentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, circiter 15 cm longis, bracteolis oblongo-obovatis ad lanceolatis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis, deciduis; sepalis 4; petalis 6. A tall tree with stout branches, the ultimate branchlets stout, ferruginous-pubescent, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, reddish-brown. Leaves thickly coriaceous, mostly oblong, about 10 cm long, 4 to 5 em wide, base acute, the apex obscurely acuminate, obtuse or sometimes rounded, pale when dry, the upper surface shining, the lower more brownish-yellow and, at least when young, sparingly ferruginous-pubescent; nerves spreading, rather distinct, about 16 to a centimeter; petioles dark brown, pubescent, about 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, all parts very densely ferruginous-pubescent, in nearly mature bud up to 15 cm long, many-flowered, bipinnately paniculate, each flower subtended by a very thick, densely pubescent, deciduous, oblong-oblanceolate to oblong-obovate bracteole 1.5 to 2 cm in length, the pedicels about 1 cm long. Sepals 4, densely pubescent, concave, the two outer ones about 10 mm long and 8 mm wide, the two inner ones orbicular, about 1 cm in diameter. Petals 6, in bud subor- bicular, very slightly pubescent. Stamens very numerous. Ovary glabrous. Luzon, Province of Laguna, in forests back of San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20545 Ramos, February, 1913. For the genus a rather characteristic species. It is apparently allied to Calophyllum blancoanum Pl. & Tr., from which it differs in its very densely ferruginous-pubescent inflorescence, younger branches, and to a less degree the lower surfaces of its leaves, in its prominent bracteoles which are up to 2 cm in length, and in its thickly coriaceous, more coarsely nerved, rather differently shaped leaves. GARCINIA Linnaeus GARCINIA NERVOSA Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1863-64) 208; King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 597 (1890) 169. Stalagmites ? nervosa Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 496. PALAWAN, near Taytay, Merrill 9387, May, 1913, in bamboo thickets at about sea level. Probably referable here is a single specimen from the Province of Camarines, Luzon, For. Bur. 21750 Fischer, but this specimen has leaves 65 cm long and 25 cm wide, the base broadly rounded and dis- tinctly cordate. The species is new to the Philippines. Perak, Singapore (Ridley 5966!), Malacca, and Sumatra. OCHROCARPUS Thouars OCHROCARPUS RAMIFLORUS sp. nov. _ Arbor parva, glabra; foliis oppositis, oblongis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, basi acutis ad rotun- 326 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 datis, apice acutis vel breviter acuminatis, utrinque obscure foveolatis, subtus plus minusve glandulosis, nervis primariis utrinque 16 ad 20, tenuibus, quam secundariis reticulisque vix magis distinctioribus; floribus in ramis fasciculatis, pedunculis sub fructu 3 ad 4 em longis. A small tree about 5 m high, quite glabrous. Branches terete, pale, the younger ones brownish-yellow or yellow, somewhat compressed or angled, wrinkled when dry. Leaves opposite, oblong, subcoriaceous, 15 to 25 cm long, 6 to 9 em wide, base rounded to acute, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margins re- curved, both surfaces pale when dry, shallowly foveolate, the foveole on the lower surface often glandular; primary lateral nerves very slender, obscure, 16 to 20 on each side of the mid- rib, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary nerves and the reticulations; petioles wrinkled, 1.5 to 2 em long. Flowers fascicled on the branches below the leaves, the subpersistent petals oblong, about 5 mm long, the stamens very numerous, about 6mm long. Young fruits subglobose, about 1.5 cm in diameter, much wrinkled when dry, brownish, apparently when mature 1- celled and 1-seeded, when young at least 2-celled. LuzON, Province of Camarines, Madadagat River, For. Bur. 22795 Tabat, August 5, 1913, on the banks of the river. The first representative of the genus to be found in the Philippines, Ochrocarpus pentapetalus F.-Vill., based on Tovomita pentapetala Blanco being a Calophyllum and a synonym of C. amplewicaule Choisy. Ochro- carpus ramiflorus appears to be most closely allied to O. siamensis T. Anders. from which it differs in its acute or acuminate, fewer nerved leaves and longer pedicels. FLACOURTIACEAE HOMALIUM Jacquin HOMALIUM OBLONGIFOLIUM sp. nov. § Myriantheia. Arbor circiter 35 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, usque ad 30 cm longis, coriaceis, nitidis, breviter acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15; paniculis amplis, folia subaequantibus, axillaribus subterminalibusque, pubescentibus; floribus 7-meris, sepalis quam petalis subduplo longioribus; staminibus 21. A tree 35 to 40 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, lenticellate, dark-colored when dry. Leaves oblong, 20 to 30 cm long, 7 to 11 cm wide, entire, coriaceous, shining, the lower surface a little paler than the upper when dry, entire, shortly acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves about x, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 327 15 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anastomosing; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Panicles axillary and subterminal, ample, many-flowered, open, about as long as the leaves, branched from the base, the lower branches sometimes 25 cm in length, all parts rather densely gray-pubescent. Perianth-tube funnel- shaped, 4 mm long, somewhat hirsute. Sepals 7, when fully grown 6 to 7 mm long, about 1.8 mm wide, obtuse, pubescent, oblong-oblanceolate. Petals 7, oblong, obtuse, pubescent, about 4 mm long. Stamens 21, in groups of three each opposite the petals; filaments filiform, 2.5 to 3 mm long, very slightly pubes- cent; anthers 0.3 mm long. Ovary densely hirsute, the styles 1 to 1.5 mm long. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga, Talisay, For. Bur. 18781 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil (type), June 18, 1912, in forests, altitude about 30 meters; near Port Banga, For. Bur. 15216 Klemme, July, 1910, sterile specimen. A species most closely allied to Homalium luzoniense F.-Vill., but well characterized by its oblong entire leaves. The specimen collected by Klemme consists of leaves only, taken from sprouts. One leaf is entire, 40 cm long and 14 cm wide, while the other, a more juvenile form, is 40 cm long and 20 cm wide, the margins being distinctly undulate-toothed. SCOLOPIA Schreb. Most of the recently collected Philippine material of the genus Scolopia has been referred to Scolopia crenata Clos, and to S. luzonensis (Presl) Warb. While Briquet’s paper on the genus has been known to me for some years, it has only recently become available.’ Following Briquet in his interpretation of the group of species closely allied to Scolopia crenata Clos, in which he is doubtless correct, the known Philippine forms may be disposed of as follows: SCOLOPIA LUZONENSIS (Presl) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pfian- zenfam. 3° (1898) 80, f. 11; Briq. in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2 (1908) 45; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98. Dasianthera luzonensis Presl Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 90, t. 66. Phoberos dasyanthera Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. (1844) 192; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 12. Banara racemosa Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 425. Flacourtia corollata Blanco 1. ¢. ed. 2 (1845) 559. Flacourtia crenata F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 12; Vid. Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 48; Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 13, t. 7, f. B, non Clos. Phoberos sp. Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 27 (1854) 333. Scolopia rhinanthera F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 12, non Clos. * Briquet, J. Remarques sur les espéces asiatiques du genre Scolopia Schreb., Ann. Coneerv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2 (1908) 41-47. 828 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 This species is common and widely distributed in the Philippines, and to it should be referred most of the Philippine material distributed from the Bureau of Science as Scolopia crenata Clos and as S. luzonensis Warb. It is well characterized by its ciliate anther-appendages. I think it probable that Banara brevifolia Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 426 = Flacourtia parvifolia Blanco FI. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 560 should also be referred here. Blanco’s description is altogether too short and incomplete properly to determine the plant he had in mind, and of which he saw no flowers. F.-Villar has reduced it to Scolopia dasyanthera Benn., which, if correct, would place it under Scolopia luzonensis Warb., for Bennett’s designation is only a new name for the plant originally described by Presl as Desianthera luzonensis. This fact I overlooked at the time I worked over the determinations of Blanco’s species, which accounts for my state- ment’ that Scolopia dasyanthera Benn. was a species unknown from the Philippines. Just how constant are the characters selected by Briquet in distinguish- ing the closely allied forms that have, for the most part, been reduced at one time or another to form a comprehensive species, Scolopia crenata Clos, remains to be seen. In our rich Philippine collections evidences of inter- grading forms occur, that to a greater or less degree invalidate the key characters adopted by Warburg and by Briquet in distinguishing the sec- tions Adenoscolopia and Sphenoscolopia. Elmer 5625, 6363, from Benguet Subprovince, Luzon, and Bur. Sci. 10376 McGregor, from Polillo, are in all essential characters typical Scolopia luzonensis Warb., and have the peculiar ciliate anthers of that species; yet all three specimens have glands at the apices of their petioles, or on the leaf margins near the insertion of the petioles which would place them in the section Adenoscolopia, and as a result necessitate the description of the form as a new species. In my mind there is absolutely no doubt but that all three sheets are fairly typical Scolopia luzonensis Warb., a species manifestly belonging in the section Sphenoscolopia. ¥ SCOLOPIA SAEVA (Hance) Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV 28 (1862) 217; Briq. in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2 (1898) 46. Phoberos saevus Hance in Walp. Ann. 3 (1853) 825. Scolopia lanceolata Clos, in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV 8 (1857) 252, p. p., quoad pl. Philip.; Vid. Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 49. This species is very similar to Scolopia luzonensis Warb., but is dis- tinguished by its entirely glabrous anthers. The following material is ap- parently referable to it: Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, For. Bur. 10921 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 9632 Zschokke: Province of Zambales, Merrill 2949, For. Bur. 908 Maule: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 428, 2680 Ahern’s collector, Merrill 1658. I have seen no specimen of Cuming 1061, cited by Clos, but the above specimens agree with Hongkong material and with the descriptions avail- able. Scolopia lanceolata Clos is based on Phoberos lanceolata W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 30, and is an older name than that proposed by Hance and accepted by Briquet. The type of Phoberos lanceolata W. & A. was from India, and the species is, presumably, different from the Philippine form. *Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 18. X, ©, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 329 FLACOURTIA Commerson FLACOURTIA RUKAM Zoll. & Mor. Syst. Verz. (1854) 33; King, in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 59” (1890) 117; Vid. Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 94; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 112. Hisingera grandifolia Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 27* (1854) 332. Flacourtia inermis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 99, non Roxb. This species is widely distributed in the Philippines, and is somewhat variable in its vegetative characters. In general the leaves of the Philip- pine form average considerably larger than in our rather comprehensive set of Malayan forms, but there appears to be no specific difference. The species is very similar in vegetative characters to Flacourtia inermis Roxb., with which the Philippine specimens have been confused. As indicated in the ¢riginal description, as later noted by King, and as shown in our Malayan specimens, Flacourtia inermis has perfect flowers, while F'. rukam has dicecious flowers. I refer to Flacourtia rukam the following Philippine material: . Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Cuming 771 (cotype of Hisingera grandi- folia Turcz.): Benguet Subprovince, Elmer 8890: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 19455 Agama: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5901, 5999 Curran: Province of Laguna, Bur. Sci. 6041 Robinson: Province of Rizal, Loher 6772: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1744 Borden, Whitford 1252. POLILLO, Bur. Sci. 9125 Robinson, Bur. Sci. 10410 McGregor. MInporo, For. Bur. 5413 Merritt. CEBU, For. Bur. 15253 Cenabre. DiNnaGat, Ahern 482. MIN- DANAO, District of Davao, Copelend 534. CASEARIA Jacquin CASEARIA PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, subtus foliis ramulis floribusque mol- liter pubescentibus; foliis integris, oblongis ad oblongo-lanceo- latis, usque ad 29 cm longis, in siccitate brunneis, acuminatis, basi acutis, breviter petiolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12; flo- ribus paucis, fasciculatis, sepalis circiter 4.5 mm longis; stamino- deis planis, sursum dense villosis. A shrub about 3 m high, the branchlets, flowers, and lower surface of the leaves rather densely and softly pubescent; branches rather slender, terete, brown. Leaves alternate, entire, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 20 to 29 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, brown when dry, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower softly brown-pubescent, the apex acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, somewhat curved-ascending, prominent; pe- tioles stout, 5 mm long or less. Flowers yellowish, axillary, few, subsolitary or somewhat fascicled, shortly pedicelled. Sepals broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate, rounded, pubescent, 4 to 5 mm long. Stamens 10, the free parts of the filaments glabrous, about 1 mm long, slender, the lower 1.5 mm, entirely united with the 830 The Philippine Journal of Science , 1915 staminodes, glabrous; anthers about 1 mm long; staminodes flattened, about 1.4 mm long, the upper part densely villous. Ovary ovoid, about 3 mm long, with very few, scattered, short | hairs; style short; stigma capitate. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Claveria, Bur. Sci. 7364 Ramos (type), March, 1909, in forests. SAMAR, Phil. Pl. 1644 Ramos, April, 1914, as Rinorea. A species well characterized by its comparatively large, entire leaves, which are brown when dry, glabrous and shining on the upper surface and softly pubescent on the lower surface; it does not appear to be closely allied to any other Philippine species. PASSIFLORACEAE ADENIA Forskal ADENIA LONGIFOLIA sp. nov. Scandens, glabra; foliis oblongis, membranaceis, 20 ad 25 cm longis, basi acutis vel leviter acuminatis, biglandulosis, vix auri- culatis, apice breviter acute acuminatis, margine distanter repando-denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10; cymis peduncu- latis, paucifloris, floribus, ¢ 4-meris, alabastro clavato, circiter 1 cm longo. A scandent, herbaceous, glabrous vine, or the stems somewhat woody, firm, striate and pale when dry, 3 mm in diameter. Leaves oblong, membranaceous, 20 to 25 cm long, 8 to 10 cm wide, shining, somewhat olivaceous on the upper surface, the lower surface a little paler, base acute or somewhat decurrent- acuminate, 2-glandular, the glands prominent on the lower sur- face, not auricled, apex shortly and sharply acuminate, margin distantly repand-denticulate ; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib | giatt, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; pe- tioles about“® cm long. Peduncles solitary, axillary, up to 6 cm long, the cymes few-flowered. Staminate flowers greenish or nearly white, the fully mature buds clavate, about 1 cm long, the lobes 4, ovate, short. Stamens 4, narrowly oblong, about 3.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers and fruits not seen. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 15495 Reillo, August, 1912. A species well characterized by its oblong, thin, repand-denticulate leaves, which are acute or decurrent-acuminate at the base but not auriculate. ADENIA PALMATIFOLIA sp. nov. Scandens, glabra; foliis profunde palmato-5-lobatis, basi pro- minente subauriculato-glandulosis, lobis lanceolatis, rectis vel leviter falcatis, acuminatis, integris, usque ad 20 cm longis, 1.5 ad 2.5 cm latis; pedunculo elongato; fructibus , (immaturis) circiter 6 cm longis, nitidis, ut videtur obovoideis. X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 331 A scandent, glabrous, herbaceous vine, the branches pale, striate, terete, 2 to 3 mm thick. Leaves chartaceous or sub- coriaceous, pale when dry, slightly shining and of the same color on both surfaces, the base very broadly truncate or abruptly acute, subauriculate-glandular, 3- or obscurely 5-plinerved, the lamina up to 23 cm long, subreniform in outline, very deeply palmately 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, straight or somewhat falcate, entire, sharply acuminate, 8 to 20 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, the sinuses obtuse or acute, each with a prominent gland on the lower surface of the leaf, each lobe with a prom- inent midrib, the nerves slender, distinct, spreading at right angles, anastomosing; petioles 2.5 to 4 cm long. Peduncles up to 15 cm long, the tendril part short. Flowers not seen. Im- mature fruits apparently obovoid, about 6 cm long, shining, yellowish-brown when dry, the pericarp thin, brittle. Luzon, Subprovince of Benguet, Sablan, Elmer 6262, April, 1904 (type), Bur. Sci. 12577 Fénix, December, 1910, in forests and thickets. The specimens, or at least those of the last number cited, were distrib- uted as Modecca parviflora Blanco, but that species is described as having 3-lobed leaves, while the present form has constantly 5-lobed leaves. It is suspected that Modecca triloba Blanco and M. parviflora Blanco are the same species, and moreover that they are only forms of Adenia coccinea (Blanco) Merr. (Modecca coccinea Blanco). There are several specimens in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science that present entire ovate leaves on the same branches with prominently 3-lobed ones. Modecca saponaria Blanco is a species of Momordica, and does not belong to the Passifloraceae. Adenia palmatifolia is well characterized by its deeply palmately 5-lobed leaves and its narrow, straight or falcate lobes. ADENIA CRASSA sp. nov. Scandens, glabra; foliis integris, ovatis, circiter 10 cm longis, basi late rotundatis, cordatis, auriculatis, apice acute acuminatis, chartaceis vel submembranaceis; fructibus ellipsoideis vel ovoi- deis, circiter 8 cm longis, pericarpio crassissimo; seminibus inae- quilateraliter obovatis, compressis, foveolatis, 8 mm longis. A scandent, glabrous, apparently herbaceous vine, the stems slender, pale, striate, terete. Leaves ovate, chartaceous or sub- membranaceous, 8 to 10 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, entire, base broadly rounded, prominently cordate, and biauriculate, the apex rather slenderly and sharply acuminate, both surfaces some- what shining, the lower a little paler then the upper; base 5- nerved or somewhat 5-plinerved, the lateral nerves above the base one or two pairs, distinct, reticulations lax; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm long; peduncles axillary, solitary, slender, about 3 cm long, the cymes apparently few-flowered, the tendril-parts short. Flowers unknown. Fruit when fully mature about 8 cm long, 332 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 ellipsoid or ovoid, smooth, pale, shining, splitting into 3 valves, the pericarp very firm, about 2 mm thick; seeds numerous, com- pressed, inequilateral, about 8 mm long, pale, prominently pitted, base acute, apex somewhat oblique, their funicles up to 2 cm in length. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 15419 Reillo, August, 1912. In vegetative characters somewhat similar to our common Adenia coccinea (Blanco) Merr., but in this species the pericarp of the mature fruit is very thin, almost membranaceous. THYMELAEACEAE WIKSTROEMIA Endlicher WIKSTROEMIA POLYANTHA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, ramulis puberulis vel leviter pubes- ‘centibus; foliis brevissime petiolatis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, coriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 6 cm longis, acutis vel obscure acuminatis, basi late rotundatis vel obscure cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, tenuibus; inflorescentiis racemosis, floribus numerosis, brevissime pedicellatis, circiter 1 cm longis, extus glabris vel parcissime pubescentibus. A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, the branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, the branchlets obscurely puberulent, the younger ones with very short, appressed, cinereous hairs, some- what angled or compressed. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, glabrous, brownish when dry, shining on both surfaces, the lowen surface a little paler than the upper, the apex acute or very ob- scurely acuminate, the base broadly rounded, often obscurely cordate; nerves slender, about 8 on each side of the midrib, obscurely anastomosing; petioles reddish-brown, obscurely pu- berulent, 2 mm long or less. Racemes terminal or in the up- permost axils, appressed-hirsute, 2 to 3 cm long, many-flowered, the entire lower part thickly covered with the persistent pedicels of fallen flowers, the buds and open flowers crowded at the apices, the pedicels sparingly appressed-hirsute, stout, less than 1 mm long. Perianth cylindric, yellow, 10 to 11 mm long, about 1.5 mm in diameter, glabrous outside, or with very few scattered hairs in the upper part, the two outer lobes orbicular-elliptic, broadly rounded, 2.2 mm long, the two inner ones somewhat shorter and narrower. Stamens 8, 4 inserted at about the mid- dle of the tube, 4 inserted near the apex, included; anthers narrowly oblong, 1.5 mm long. Ovary narrowly oblong, cylin- dric, 2.5 mm long, villous at the apex, glabrous below; style slender, about 1 mm long; stigma globose, 0.5 mm in diameter. X, 6, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 333 Fruit narrowly ovoid, fleshy, red, about 8 mm long, sparingly villous near the apex, otherwise entirely glabrous. Luzon, Province of Rizal, near the summit of Mount Susung Dalaga, Bur. Sci. 19243 Reillo, December 9, 1913. A very characteristic species, quite distinct from the other Philippine forms in its many-flowered, somewhat elongated racemes, the rachises of which are rather densely covered with the short, persistent, stout pedicels. RHIZOPHORACEAE GYNOTROCHES Blume GYNOTROCHES PUBERULA sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis junioribus, subtus foliis stipulisque plus minusve puberulis vel breviter pubescentibus; foliis oblongis, sub- coriaceis, integris, acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 15 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, curvato-adscendentibus; fructibus axil- laribus, fasciculatis, pedicellatis, ovoideis, circiter 4 mm longis. A species very similar to Gynotroches axillaris Blume, differing chiefly in its indumentum. Branches slender, terete, brownish- red, somewhat compressed at the nodes, glabrous, the young branchlets puberulent. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong, 10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, pale or brownish when dry, shining, the base acute, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the upper surface quite glabrous, the lower distinctly puberulent or short- pubescent especially on the midrib and lateral nerves; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascending; petioles about 8 mm long, puberulent; stipules linear-lanceolate, 1.2 cm long, puberulent, deciduous. Fruits numerous, axillary, fascicled, red when mature, ovoid, about 4 mm long, the pedicels jointed at about the middle, about as long as the fruits, the persistent sepals ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long. SAMAR, Catbalogan, Bur. Sci. 17896 Ramos (type); Cauayan Valley, Phil. Pl. 1632 Ramos, April, 1914, in forests. Very similar to and manifestly closely allied to Gynotroches avillaris Blume, from which it differs chiefly in its puberulent indumentum on the young branchlets, petioles, stipules, and lower surface of its leaves. ARALIACEAE BOERLAGIODENDRON Harms BOERLAGIODENDRON DIVERSIFOLIUM sp. nov. Frutex 2 ad 3 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis coriaceis, valde diversis, majoribus usque ad 85 cm longis, usque ad 4 vel % palmatim 3- vel 5-lobatis, superioribus minoribus, ellipticis ad oblongo-ovatis, 15 ad 30 cm longis, margine grosse 334 The Philippine Journal of Science 19165 irregulariter serratis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, plus minusve ferrugineo-furfuraceo-villosis vel hirsutis; floribus numerosis, 5- meris. A shrub 2 to 3 m high, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches terete, gray, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Leaves crowded at the apices of the branches or of the simple (?) stem, coria- ceous, exceedingly variable in form; larger leaves palmately 3- or 5-lobed, up to 35 cm long, the lobes reaching to the middle or lower two-thirds of the leaf, 5 to 11 cm wide, acuminate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, the sinuses rounded; other leaves on the same branchlets not at all lobed, elliptic to oblong-ovate, acumi- nate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, 15 to 30 cm long, 7 to 17 cm wide, the nerves prominent, more or less ascending; petioles 5 to 25 cm long, base with several crestlike ridges. Inflorescence terminal, crowded, furfuraceous-villous or hirsute with few to many short, brown hairs, the primary branches numerous, 2 to 3 cm long, each subtended by lanceolate, furfuraceous, and some- what pectinate-ciliate bracts 2 to 2.5 cm long; central sterile head 1 to 2 cm in diameter, sessile or very shortly peduncled, the sterile fruits globose, fleshy, glabrous, purple when fresh, black when dry, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, the pedicels about as long as the fruits; each primary branch with two lateral branches bearing globose heads of perfect flowers, these lateral branches 2 to 3 cm long, the heads globose, dense, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Flowers many, densely disposed, 5-merous, yellowish, their ped- icels stout, somewhat pubescent, 2 mm long. Calyx 2 mm long and wide, glabrous, truncate. Corolla 3.5 to 4 mm long, with 5, ovate, acute or obtuse, 1 to 1.2 mm long teeth; filaments 4 to 5 mm long; anthers about 1.7 mm long. Ovary 5-celled. Bracteoles numerous, brown-hirsute, broadly ovate, obtuse, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Entire inflorescence up to 15 cm in diameter. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Sumilao, Bur. Sci. 15727 Fénix (type), August 2, 1913, steep slopes near streams; Mount Dilirig, Bur. Sci. 21447 Escritor, July 30, 1913: Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1099, July 14, 1911, at Talacogon, distributed as B. serratifolium Elm. A species characterized by its exceedingly variable leaves, these small to large, and entire to deeply 5-lobed. The variation somewhat parallels that of Boerlagiodendron heterophyllum Merr., but the species are very different from each other. MYRSINACEAE ARDISIA Swartz ARDISIA ZAMBALENSIS nom. nov. Ardisia biflora Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 212, non King & Gamble, 1905. X, C,5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 335 The above new name is necessary for this species as the one previously selected was preoccupied. ARDISIA KEITHLEYI nom. nov. Ardisia oblongifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 219, non King & Gamble, 1905. Dedicated to Lieutenant Keithley in whose honor Camp Keithley was named. The new name is necessary as the original specific name was preoccupied. EBENACEAE DIOSPYROS Linnaeus DIOSPYROS ALVAREZII sp. nov. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, glabra vel subglabra, ramulis tenui- bus, leviter puberulis vel subglabris; foliis chartaceis, oblongo- ellipticis ad oblongis, usque ad 16 cm longis, utrinque subaequal- iter angustatis, basi acutis, eglandulosis, apice acutis vel obscure acuminatis, nitidis, pallidis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, tenuibus, prominentibus, reticulis laxis; floribus axillaribus, ut videtur soli- tariis vel binis, pedicellatis 4-meris; fructibus depresso-globosis, junioribus 1.3 cm diametro, pubescentibus, 8-locellatis, calycibus persistentibus, coriaceis, tubo circiter 1.5 cm diametro, lobis late ovatis, 1.5 cm longis, reflexis. A tree about 15 m high, nearly glabrous except the fruits (flowers unknown). Branches terete, very slender, the branch- lets sometimes minutely puberulent. Leaves chartaceous, pale when dry, oblong-elliptic to oblong, 10 to 16 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, shining, subequally narrowed to the acute, eglandular base and to the acute or somewhat acuminate apex; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, slender, rather prom- inent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 6 to 8 mm long. Flowers 4-merous, axillary, apparently solitary or in pairs, the pedicels, in fruit, minutely puberulent, 1.5 cm long or less. Young fruits depressed-globose, about 1.3 cm in diameter, grayish-pubescent with short, appressed hairs, apiculate; per- sistent calyx large and prominent, thickly chartaceous, externally more or less puberulent, the tube very shallow, up to 1.5 em in diameter, 4-angled, the angles rather sharp, the lobes sharply reflexed, broadly ovate, obtuse, up to 1.5 cm long, more or less plicate when dry; fruit 8-celled. Luzon, Province of Camarines, Lanot, For. Bur. 21417 Alvarez, May 12, 1914, forested slopes at about sea level, locally known as bantolinao. A species well characterized by its chartaceous, distantly but rather prominently nerved leaves, and especially by its prominent, accrescent, persistent, reflexed calyx which in young fruit is sharply 4-angled. 133910——4 336 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 DIOSPYROS PONCE! sp. nov. Arbor circiter 9 m alta, ramulis junioribus dense adpresse subferrugineo-hirsutis, foliis junioribus subtus obscure adpresse pubescentibus, fructibus subglobosis, extus densissime ferrugi- neo-hirsutis, junioribus circiter 2 cm diametro; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, coriaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acutis vel breviter acuminatis, nervis lateralibus obscuris; sepalis persistentibus, orbiculari-ovatis, circiter 6 mm diametro, adpresse hirsutis. A tree about 9 m high, the branches terete, glabrous, wrinkled, dark gray, the younger ones reddish-brown, smooth, the growing parts densely appressed ferruginous-hirsute. Leaves coriaceous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 9 cm long, 1.4 to 2.8 em wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the acute or somewhat acuminate apex, eglandular, the upper surface pale olivaceous when dry, shining, glabrous, or the midrib in the lower part somewhat appressed-pubescent with pale, shining hairs, the lower surface paler than the upper, when young spar- ingly appressed-pubescent with pale hairs, when mature quite glabrous; lateral nerves slender, obscure, ascending, the primary ones about 12 on each side of the midrib, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary ones and the reticulations; petioles 5 mm long or less, appressed-hirsute when young, becoming glabrous in age. Flowers not seen. Fruits globose, the young ones about 2 cm in diameter, axillary, sessile or subsessile, solitary, the pericarp very densely hirsute with ferruginous or fulvous hairs. Sepals persistent, plane, coriaceous, orbicular-ovate, about 6 mm in diameter, rounded, outside rather densely appressed-hirsute with pale or ferruginous hairs. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Combot, For. Bur. 22842 Ponce, August 28, 1914, on semiopen slopes, altitude about 15 meters, locally known as ituman. A species in many characters resembling the common Diospyros discolor Willd., and probably belonging in the same section as Willdenow’s species. It differs remarkably, however, in its very much smaller, entirely differently shaped leaves which are quite glabrous on both surfaces when mature. DIOSPYROS CAMARINENSIS sp. nov. Arbor circiter 25 m alta, floribus exceptis glabra; foliis char- taceis, oblongis, usque ad 27 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis vel subacutis, in siccitate nitidis, nigricantibus, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14, subtus distinctis, reticulis laxis; floribus axil- laribus, fasciculatis, 4-meris, extus pubescentibus, calycis lobis erectis, acuminatis, corolla inflata; ovario 8-loculare; fructibus oo é ot Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 337 globosis vel depresso-globosis, circiter 3 cm diametro, in siccitate nigris, nitidis, glabris, seminibus 7 vel 8. A tree about 25 m in height, quite glabrous except the flowers, the branches slender, terete, dark-colored, the branchlets and petioles black when dry. Leaves chartaceous, dark-colored or somewhat blackish when dry, shining, 14 to 27 cm long, 5 to 9 em wide, of about the same color on both surfaces, the apex shortly acuminate, base acute to subacute, usually with a pair of distinct glands near the junction with the petiole; lateral nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anas- tomosing, the reticulations rather lax, distinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 em long. Flowers axillary, fascicled, 4-merous, few in each fasci- cle, some in the axils of leaves, some in the axils of fallen leaves, each subtended by one or two pairs of broadly ovate, pubescent bracts 2 mm long or less. Calyx about 8 mm long and 7 mm in diameter, pubescent externally, black when dry, the lobes broadly ovate, acuminate, erect, about 4 mm long, 4 to 4.5 mm wide at the base. Corolla-tube 8 to 9 mm long, inflated, about 7 mm in diameter, much narrowed toward the throat, rather densely pubescent with short, grayish-brown hairs, the lobes 4, spread- ing, narrowly oblong, somewhat falcate, acute, thickly coria- ceous, about 9 mm long, 5 mm wide. Stamens about 20, mostly in pairs, 2-seriate, the filaments of each pair more or less united ; anthers narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3.5 to 5.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, about 4 mm in diameter, 8-celled ; style stout, pubescent, widened below, about as long as the ovary, the stigma irregularly lacerate. Fruit globose or depressed-globose, yellow to red when mature, black and shining when dry, about 3 em in diameter, the persistent calyx black, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, nearly square in outline, about 1.5 cm broad, shallow. Seeds 7 or 9, somewhat flattened, about 13 cm long, 7 mm wide, rounded at both ends, smooth, black, shining, the albumen smooth. Luzon, Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 21448 (type) 21705, 22631 Alvarez, April and May, 1914, March, 1912, from Mount Calinigan, Mount Labo, and Lanot River, in forests, 100 to 500 meters. The species is perhaps as closely allied to Diospyros maritima Blume as any other species, but with entirely different, much thinner, fewer nerves and different flowers and fruits. MIMUSOPS Linnaeus MIMUSOPS CALOPHYLLOIDES sp.. nov. Arbor circiter 18 m alta, floribus exceptis glaberrima; foliis oblongo-obovatis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, obtusis ad rotundatis, basi acutis, nitidis, nervis lateralibus numerosissimis, densis, distinctis, margine recurvatis, venis marginalibus dis- 338 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 tinctis; floribus 6-meris, sepalis puberulis circiter 5 mm longis, exterioribus quam interioribus bis latioribus; staminibus 6; ovario glabro, 6-loculare ; fructibus globosis, 2 ad 2.5 cm diametro, breviter apiculatis, glabris, pericarpio fragile. A tree about 18 m high, entirely glabrous except the flowers. Branches dark-colored when dry, the younger ones marked with numerous, crowded, petiolar scars. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-obovate, 9 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, entirely gla- brous on both surfaces, shining, subolivaceous when dry, the base acute, the apex obtuse to rounded, margins distinctly re- curved; lateral nerves very numerous, slender but rather dis- tinct, the primary ones not more prominent than the secondary ones and the reticulations, crowded, about 20 to a centimeter, uniting to form a distinct submarginal nerve about 1 mm from the edge of the leaf; petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers axillary, 6-merous, their pedicels puberulent, in fruit thickened upward and about 2.5 cm long. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, puberulent, the outer three about 5 mm long, triangular-oblong, acute, the inner three as long as the outer ones but one-half as wide. Stamens 6. Ovary glabrous, 6-celled. Fruit globose, 2 to 2.5 em in diameter, brown when dry, tipped by the very short style, glabrous, the pericarp brittle. Seeds 1 or 2 in each fruit, brown and shining, obtuse, about 1.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, slightly compressed. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Cadyangao, For. Bur. 22834 Ponce, August 20, 1914, in rather dense forests at about sea level, locally known as duyuk-duyuk. The alliance of this species is with the Malayan Mimusops kauki Linn. from which it differs in its leaves being entirely glabrous, even when very young, not at all pubescent on the lower surface, its much more distinct lateral nerves, giving the leaves quite the appearance of those of some species of Calophyllum, and the distinct marginal veins. OLEACEAE LINOCIERA Swartz LINOCIERA OBOVATA sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque minute puberulis exceptis glabra; foliis crassissime coriaceis, obovatis, 4 ad 7 cm longis, apice late rotundatis vel late breviter acumi- natis, basi angustatis, decurrento-acuminatis, nervis lateralibus obscuris, circiter 8 utrinque. Cymis axillaribus, solitariis, an- guste pyramidatis, dense multifloris, sessilibus. A small tree, glabrous except the minutely puberulent branch- lets and the inflorescence. Branches gray, stout, terete, gla- brous. Leaves very thickly coriaceous, obovate, 4 to 7 em long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide, pale when dry, the upper surface shining, the x0 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 339 lower dull, apex broadly rounded, sometimes very shortly and broadly acuminate, sometimes even slightly retuse, the base nar- rowed and more or less decurrent on the petioles, the margins recurved; lateral nerves indistinct, often subobsolete, about 8 on each side of the midrib; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Cymes pan- icled, axillary, sessile, solitary, densely many-flowered, branched from the base, slightly puberulent, brown when dry, 2 to 4.5 em long, 2 to 3 cm wide, the branches spreading. Flowers 4- merous, the buds ellipsoid or obovoid, about 2 mm long, their pedicels 1 to 3 mm long. Calyx-teeth broadly triangular, acute, short. Mature flowers and fruits not seen. LUZON, Province of Laguna, San Antonio, in forests, Bur. Sci. 15014 Ramos (type), Phil. Pl. 1161 Ramos, June, 1912. A very characteristic species, recognizable by its very thick, obovate, obscurely nerved leaves, and by its dense pyramidal inflorescence. LINOCIERA NITIDA sp. nov. Ut videtur arbor parva, glabra; foliis oblongis, in siccitate nitidis, subcoriaceis, oblongis vel late oblongis, usque ad 18 cm longis, basi rotundatis vel subacutis, apice brevissime acumina- tis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, patulis, prominentibus, anastomo- santibus, reticulis obsoletis vel subobsoletis; racemis brevibus, 1 ad 1.5 em longis, solitariis vel fasciculatis, axillaribus, densi- floris; floribus 4-meris, 5 mm longis. Apparently a small tree, glabrous, the branches terete, smooth, light gray. Leaves oblong or broadly oblong, subcoriaceous, 12 to 18 em long, 5 to 7 cm wide, entire, brown when dry, or the upper surface somewhat olivaceous and the lower surface brown, shining on both surfaces, smooth, the base broadly rounded or somewhat acute, the apex very shortly and somewhat abruptly acuminate; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, spreading at nearly right angles, somewhat curved, anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete or nearly so; petioles dark brown, 2 to 3 mm long. Racemes short, axillary or in the axils of fallen leaves, solitary or somewhat fascicled, 1 to 1.5 cm long, densely flowered, quite glabrous or very obscurely and sparsely puberulent, the bracts broadly ovate, acute or acu- minate, 1.5 mm long. Sepals ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Petals 4, narrowly oblong, thick, 5 mm long, about 1 mm wide, slightly narrowed upward, the apex obtuse, somewhat cucullate, the margins somewhat inflexed. Anthers about 1 mm long, the connective very broad. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 15406 Reillo, August 11, 1912, in forests. A species well characterized by its vegetative characters, especially by its leaves being brown when dry and with obsolete or nearly obsolete 340 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 reticulations, and its short, many-flowered, mostly fascicled, racemose inflorescence. LINOCIERA PALUDOSA King & Gamble in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 74?’ (1905) 268. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9177, 9335, Phil. Pl. 1378 (as L. euphlebia Merr.), April, May, 1913. The specimens are not quite identical with King’s collector 6476 from Larut, Malay Peninsula, a duplicate of one of the specimens cited in the original description. I can, however, detect no essential differences and prefer to consider the Philippine form under King & Gamble’s specific name. Previously known only from the Malay Peninsula. BORAGINACEAE HELIOTROPIUM Linnaeus HELIOTROPIUM OVALIFOLIUM Forsk. var. DEPRESSUM (Cham.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 134. Heliotropium gracile R. Br. var. depressum Cham. in Linnaea (1829) 457. Heliotropium coromandelinum Retz. var. depressum A. DC. Prodr. 9 (1845) 542. LuzON, Province of Laguna, Calamba, along the shores of Lake Bay, F. C. Gates 6651, July 27, 1913. This species, other than the record of F.-Villar, sub H. coromandelinuwm Retz., is new to the Philippines. The specimen cited above agrees in all essentials with our Guam material, the type of the variety depressum being from Guam. It differs from the Indian material notably in its relatively longer and much narrower leaves. Forskal’s specific name dates from the year 1775, Retzius’s name from the year 1781. India, Tropical Africa, and Australia, the variety in Luzon and the Mariana Islands (Guam). GESNERIACEAE TRICHOSPORUM D. Don TRICHOSPORUM BAKERI sp. nov. § Holocalyzx. Scandens, ramulis junioribus plus minusve pilosus; foliis coria- ceis, in siccitate pallidis, ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, obtusis vel late obscure obtuseque acuminatis, basi rotundatis, nervis lateralibus circiter 3, obscurissimis vel obso- letis; floribus glaberrimis, 5.5 cm longis, corolla quam calycis duplo longioribus. Seandent, slender, elongated, the stems terete, grayish, wrinkled, 3 mm in diameter or less, rooting at the nodes, spar- ingly branched, the younger branchlets rather densely villous. Leaves numerous, when fresh apparently fleshy, when dry co- riaceous or subcoriaceous, pale, dull or slightly shining, the X, ©, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 341 nerves and reticulations obsolete, or sometimes about 3 pairs of lateral nerves evident but obscure, 2 to 4.5 em long, 1.5 to 3.8 cm wide, base rounded to obscurely cordate, apex obtuse to broadly and obscurely blunt-acuminate, the younger ones often slightly villous on the margins; petioles 2 to 4 mm long, when young more or less villous, when old quite glabrous. Flowers apparently dark red, on short, 1- or 2-flowered peduncles in the uppermost axils. Calyx cylindric, quite glabrous, about 2.5 cm long, very shallowly lobed, slightly enlarged upward. Corolla about 5.5 cm long, entirely glabrous, somewhat curved, contract- ed above the base, then expanded, the lobes broad, subequal; stamens slightly exserted; style pubescent in the lower one-half. Luzon, Province of Laguna, hills back of Paete, C. F. Baker 3714 (type), $719, December 28, 1914; Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 16889 Servinas, November, 1912, trailing over bowlders or ledgers. A species similar to and manifestly closely allied to TRICHOSPORUM LOHERI (Krinzl.) [Aeschynanthus loheri Kranzl. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 165], from which it differs in its much slenderer, entirely glabrous flowers. Krinzlin describes the flowers of Trichosporum loheri as glabrous, but both the calyx and corolla are distinctly but minutely pubescent externally. ACANTHACEAE ASYSTASIA Blume ASYSTASIA GANGETICA (Linn.) T. And. in Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (1859-64) 235. Justicia gangetica Linn. Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 299. Asystasia coromandelica Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3 (1832) 89, F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 154. ' Luzon, Province of Isabela, Ilagan, Bur. Sci. 7981 Ramos: Province of Laguna, Los Banos, Merrill 8618, For. Bur. 20858 Villamil, Bur. Sct. 17282 Robinson & Foxworthy, all from living plants secured in Cagayan Province by Mr. Curran. The above is the first verification of F.-Villar’s record for this genus and species as a Philippine plant. Widely distributed in tropical Asia, Africa, and Malaya. POLYTREMA C. B. Clarke POLYTREMA ADDISONIENSE (Elmer) comb. nov. Hypoestes addisoniensis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1697. The type number of this is Elmer 12715, from Addison Peak, Palawan; the same species is apparently represented by Merrill 7235 from Ulugan Bay, Palawan, September, 1910. It is not a Hypoestes but is congeneric with the three species of the Malay Peninsula for which C. B, Clarke has pro- posed the generic name Polytrema. The Palawan species is apparently closely allied to Polytrema vulgare C. B. Clarke. The genus appears to be very closely allied to Hallieracantha Stapf. Here I also refer the following species: 342 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 POLYTREMA PULGARENSE (Elmer) comb. nov. Hypoestes pulgarensis Elmer Leafl. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1698. The type is Elmer 12785, from Mount Pulgar, Palawan, and is not matched by any other collection so far received. POLYTREMA AEQUIFOLIUM C. B. Clarke sp. nov. Procumbens, radicans, parum pilosa, foliis oppositis, aequa- libus, lamina 6 ad 7 cm longa, elliptica aut lanceolata, petiolo 5 ad 10 mm longo; corolla 11 ad 12 mm longa; capsula 15 mm longa, glabra; seminibus 4, minute verrucosis. Resembling a weak axillary-flowered Justicia, the corolla and capsule much as in that genus. Stamens 2; anther-cells paral- lel, oblong, at equal height, muticous. Pollen globose, minutely granular, without bands, with 4 (or more) stopples. Cymes 5- to 1-flowered, small, axillary. Calyx-segments 5, linear, 6 mm long; bract lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. PALAWAN, Puerto Princesa, Bur. Sci. 357 Bermejos, January, 1906. The above description was supplied to me by the late C. B. Clarke some time before his death, but was not printed then as the description of the genus had not been published at that time. LEPIDAGATHIS Willdenow LEPIDAGATHIS PALAWANENSIS sp. nov. Herba erecta usque ad 60 cm alta, haud vel parce ramosa, subtus foliis ad nervis ramulisque prominente subfurfuraceo- pubescentibus, inflorescentiis dense albido-ciliato-pilosis; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, integris vel obscure undulatis, obtusis vel subacutis, base longe decurrento- acuminatis, nervis utrinque 8 vel 9, subtus prominentibus; spi- cis axillaribus terminalibusque, fasciculatis, densis, usque ad 5 cm longis, calycis lobis bracteisque dense ciliato-pilosis; capsulis 5 mm longis, 4-angulatis. An erect, unbranched or sparingly branched herb up to 60 cm in height, the stems terete, about 4 mm in diameter, the younger parts obscurely 4-angled, rather prominently subfurfuraceous- pubescent as are the nerves on the lower surface of the leaves and petioles. Leaves in equal pairs, oblong-ovate, chartaceous, 9 to 12 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, the upper surface olivaceous, shining, glabrous, with scattered, short cystoliths, the lower sur- face a little paler, apex obtuse or subacute, base long-decurrent- acuminate, winging the petiole nearly to its base, the petioles 3 to 4 cm long; lateral nerves 8 or 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface. Spikes axillary and terminal, X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 343 numerous, fascicled, up to 5 cm in length, dense, many-flowered, ciliate-pilose with white hairs. Bracts oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, about 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, imbricate, prominently ciliate-pilose with white hairs as are the sepals. Sepals 5, four narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 4 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the other as long but twice as wide. Corolla at least 5 mm long, the lobes subequal, rounded. Capsule oblong-lanceolate, nar- rowed upward, 4-angled, about 5 mm long, slightly puberulent toward the apex; seeds 4.1 mm in diameter, the margins rather prominently ciliate. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 9760, April, 1913, in dry thickets along trails at sea level. Perhaps as closely allied to Lepidagathis mindorensis Merr. as any other species, but the indumentum not at all capitate-glandular and the leaves entirely different in shape, not rounded or cordate at the base and with short petioles, but long decurrent-acuminate and long-petioled. LEPIDAGATHIS MINDORENSIS sp. nov. Herba erecta circiter 20 cm alta; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, subcoriaceis, glabris, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi late rotundatis vel subcordatis, supra sensim angustatis, obtusis vel obscure ob- tuse acuminatis, breviter petiolatis; spicis terminalibus dense fasciculatis, 2 ad 4 cm longis, angustis, densis, calycis segmentis bracteisque capitato-glandulosis, plus minusve dense ciliato-pilo- sis; capsulis dense cinereo-pubescentibus. An erect herb about 20 cm high, somewhat branched, the basal parts of the stems somewhat woody, terete, glabrous, grayish- brown, the younger parts distinctly 4-angled, brown, more or less densely covered with weak, crisp, brownish hairs. Leaves in equal pairs, oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 5 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, widest in the lower part, gradually narrowed upward to the blunt, or slightly blunt-acuminate apex, the base broad, rounded or subcordate, margins slightly undulate, the upper surface glabrous and shining, the lower when young some- what puberulent on the midrib and nerves; nerves slender, dis- tinct beneath, anastomosing and forming a submarginal nerve; petioles pubescent, 2 to4 mm long. Spikes terminal, fasciculate, many at the apex of each branch, crowded, 2 to 5 cm long, less than 5 mm in diameter, the bracts and calyx-segments rather densely ciliate-pilose, with numerous glandular-capitate hairs intermixed. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, slenderly long-acumi- nate, about 4 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, l-nerved. Calyx-seg- ments all 1-nerved, slenderly acuminate, narrowly lanceolate, one 344 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 about 1.2 mm wide, two slightly less than 1 mm wide, the fourth cleft to within about 1 mm of the base. Corolla pink, pubescent outside, 5 mm long, .the tube slightly narrowed upward, not abruptly contracted, the upper lip about 1.3 mm wide, rounded or very obscurely retuse, the lower one cleft into three obtuse lobes about 1.2 mm long and 1 mm wide. Anthers 0.5 mm long, the cells parallel. Capsule narrowly oblong-ovate, densely cine- reous-pubescent with short hairs. MINDoRO, Bulalacao, in rocky soils along streams, altitude about 50 meters, Bur. Sci. 6702 Robinson, March 17, 1909. A species well characterized by its firm, short-petioled leaves which are rounded or subcordate at the base, and by its narrow, dense, fasciculate spikes, the bracts, bracteoles, and calyx-segments being rather densely ciliate-pilose and capitate-glandular, and in its capsules being densely cinereous-pubescent. LEPIDAGATHIS CLARKEI sp. nov. Species L. incurvae Don affinis differt spicis oblongis, solitariis vel subsolitariis, bracteis majoribus, margine parce ciliatis ex- ceptis glabris, in siccitate brunneis vel brunneo-purpureis. An erect herbaceous plant 20 to 30 cm high, not or but slightly branched, the basal part rarely decumbent. Stems brown or olivaceous, glabrous, slender, terete or slightly angled. Leaves in equal pairs, ovate to oblong-ovate, membranaceous, greenish when dry, slightly shining and somewhat paler on the lower sur- face than on the upper, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, the base usually long and slenderly decurrent-acuminate, the apex acute or obscurely acuminate, margins entire, both surfaces with scattered, short cystoliths, glabrous; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender; petioles 1 to 2.6 cm long. Spikes solitary, terminating the stem and the short, axillary branches, the whole inflorescence appearing compound, the individual spikes oblong, 2 to 5 cm long, about 1.5 cm in diameter, the bracts lanceolate, long and slenderly acuminate, about 11 mm long, 2 mm wide, brown or brown-purple when dry, 3-nerved, with distinct transverse reticulations in the upper part, glabrous except the slightly ciliate margins. Calyx-lobes all acuminate, one lanceolate, 3-nerved, with transverse reticulations in the up- per half, about 10 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, two linear, 9 mm long, the fourth one cleft to within 4 mm of the base, the lobes about 2 mm wide, with a prominent midnerve and each with a pair of marginal nerves, all the segments slightly ciliate on the margins, otherwise glabrous. Corolla 8 mm long, white, glabrous, the tube slightly constricted, the lobes four, subequal, oblong, obtuse, X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 345 about 2.5 mm long, 1 to 1.2 mm wide. Capsule oblong, 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, glabrous. LuzoN, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Williams 37, October, 1903 (type), Merrill 3119, October, 1903, Whitford 493, July, 1904, on damp shaded banks along the stream at an altitude of 150 meters or less. One of the specimens (Whitford 493) was identified by the late C. B. Clarke as Lepidagathis incurva Don (L. hyalina Nees), but it seems to me to be specifically distinct from that species. The brown or brown-purplish color of the spikes is characteristic. It is the form previously reported by me as Lepidagathis incurva Don.” LEPIDAGATHIS SUBINTERRUPTA sp. nov. Herba parva, prostrata, ramis floriferis suberectis, vix 10 cm altis, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis parvis, oblongis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, breviter petiolatis, obtusis vel obscure acumi- natis; spicis terminalibus, gracilibus, plus minusve interrup- tis, solitariis vel subfasciculatis, terminalibus, usque ad 5 cm longis; calycis segmentis bracteisque leviter ciliatis capitato- glandulosisque. A small prostrate herb, glabrous except the inflorescence, the stems 4-angled, slender, rooting at the nodes, the flowering branches erect or suberect, 10 cm high or less. Leaves in equal pairs, mostly oblong, chartaceous, 1 to 2.5 cm long, 4 to 8 mm wide, glabrous, somewhat shining, paler on the lower surface than on the upper, both surfaces with small scattered cystoliths, the base acute or somewhat decurrent-acuminate, the apex obtuse or obscurely acuminate; petioles 1 to 3 mm long. Spikes term- inal, solitary or at most three together, slender, interrupted, 1 to 5 cm long, about 5 mm in diameter, the flowers somewhat scat- tered. Bracts and bracteoles similar, lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, 1-nerved, slightly ciliate and capitate-glandular. Calyx-segments 5, 3 to 4 mm long, ob- scurely ciliate and slightly capitate-glandular, one about 1.2 mm wide, the other four similar but less than 1 mm wide. Corolla white, 4 mm long, the tube not contracted, the upper lip 1.6 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, rounded or very obscurely retuse, the lower one 3-lobed, the lobes about 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, obtuse. Capsule glabrous, 4 mm long, the seeds brown, about 1 mm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Isabela, San Luis, Bur. Sci. 8024 Ramos, May, 1909, on powlders along shaded streams. A species probably most closely allied to Lepidagathis laxa Nees, differing especially in its much smaller leaves. ” Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 125. 346 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 LEPIDAGATHIS MACGREGORII sp. nov. Species L. lawae Nees ut videtur affinis, differt foliis oblongo- ovatis, multo majoribus, usque ad 12 cm longis, 5 cm latis, floribus 4-meris, spicis longioribus, calycis segmentis bracteisque leviter ciliatis, vix glandulosis. Erect, nearly glabrous, the branches quadrangular, slender, often somewhat puberulent at the nodes, reddish-brown. Leaves in equal pairs, membranaceous, glabrous, oblong-ovate, 10 to 12 . cm long, 4.5 to 5 em wide, somewhat shining when dry, slightly paler on the lower surface than on the upper, the base rather abruptly and shortly decurrent-acuminate, the apex acute or slightly acuminate, margins somewhat undulate, both surfaces with small, scattered cystoliths, the lower one sometimes slightly puberulent along the midrib; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing; petioles 1 cm long or less. Spikes fasciculate, from one to three on each peduncle, the peduncles very short or up to 4 cm in length, crowded in the upper axils, the spikes slender, 2 to 6 cm long, 5 to 6 mm in diameter. Bracts and bracteoles similar, lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved, 4 to 5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, margins slightly ciliate with short hairs, otherwise glabrous, not at all glandular. Calyx- segments all acuminate, slightly ciliate on the margins, not gland- ular, one lanceolate, 5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, very obscurely 3-nerved, not reticulate, two linear-lanceolate, less than 1 mm wide, the fourth cleft to within 2.5 mm of the base, the lobes lan- ceolate, about 1 mm wide. Corolla apparently white, 5 mm long, glabrous, the tube not or very slightly contracted, the upper lip elliptic-ovate, slightly retuse, 1.5 mm wide, the lower one cleft into three, oblong, obtuse lobes, about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide. Anthers about 0.8 mm long. Capsule 4.5 mm long, glabrous except the puberulent apex. MINDORO, Baco River, McGregor 128, March 15, 1905. A species well characterized by its slender, nearly glabrous spikes; it is similar to Lepidagathis laxa Nees in some respects, but differs from that form in the points indicated in the diagnosis; from L. incurva Ham., to which it is also manifestly allied, it differs in its slender, nearly glabrous spikes. LEPIDAGATHIS HUMILIS sp. nov. Herba parva, plus minusve prostrata, ramis floriferis erectis vix 10 em altis; foliis in paribus inaequalibus, breviter petiolatis, ovatis vel late ovatis, usque ad 2 cm longis, basi late truncatis, rariter leviter cordatis vel decurrentibus; spicis axillaribus termi- nalibusque, solitariis, laxis, angustis, usque ad 5 cm longis, vix 5 mm latis, calycis lobis bracteisque vix ciliatis, leviter hispidis. X, ©, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 347 A small, nearly glabrous herb, the stems prostrate and rooting at the nodes, 4-angled, obscurely puberulent or glabrous, the flower-bearing branches erect, slightly branched, less than 10 em tall. Leaves in unequal pairs, the larger ones of each pair ovate to broadly ovate, 1.5 to 2 cm long, about 1.5 em wide, the base broad, truncate or sometimes subcordate, rarely somewhat decurrent, the apex acute or blunt, margins slightly undulate, the smaller leaves of each pair similar but less than one-half as large, both surfaces with small, scattered cystoliths; petioles 3 mm long or less. Spikes terminal and axillary, solitary, slender, 1 to 5 cm long, less than 0.5 cm in diameter, somewhat inter- rupted, the bracts and bracteoles similar, broadly lanceolate, acu- minate, 1-nerved, about 3 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, very slightly hispid, not ciliate nor glandular. Calyx-segments all acuminate, obscurely hispid with short hairs, not ciliate, 3 to 4 mm long, one 1.2 mm wide, very obscurely 3-nerved, very obscurely retic- ulate above, two narrowly lanceolate, 0.7 mm long, 1-nerved, the fourth cleft to within 1.5 mm of the base, the lobes lanceolate, 1-nerved. Corolla 4 mm long, pale pink, glabrous, the tube not constricted, the upper lip 1.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, rounded, the lower one 3-cleft, the lobes elliptic-ovate, obtuse, nearly 1 mm wide. Anthers 0.6 mm long, the cells parallel. MINDANAO, District of Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2955, June 19, 1905. A species perhaps as closely allied to Lepidagathis tenuis C. B. Clarke as to any other Philippine species, but quite distinct from that form. Well characterized by its small size, small, unequal, broadly ovate, short-petioled leaves and its slender, nearly glabrous spikes. RUELLIA Linnaeus RUELLIA PANAYENSIS sp. nov. Species R. nudispicae C. B. Cl. affinis, differt brevissime petio- latis, inflorescentiis fasciculatis haud solitariis tenuioribus, interdum ramosis. An erect herb about 20 cm in height, simple or sparingly branched, the stems terete, 2.5 mm in diameter or less, ciliate- hirsute, the younger parts rather densely so. Leaves oblong- ovate, chartaceous, 4 to 9 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, somewhat olivaceous, shining, apex rounded, base acute or subacute, the upper surface glabrous, the lower more or less hirsute with short hairs especially on the midrib and nerves, margins entire or obscurely undulate; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender; petioles pubescent, 3 to 5 mm long. Inflores- cence mostly spikelike, apical, fascicled, 3 or 4 from each stem, 8 to 12 cm long, slender, glabrous or very slightly pubescent, 348 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 occasionally branched, mostly simple. Bracts linear, 2, acumi- nate, 2.5 mm long. Sepals 5, equal, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, slightly pubescent, free to the base. Corolla (very young) apparently about 1 cm long; sta- mens 4, all fertile, the anthers 2-celled, cells contiguous. Ovary oblong, glabrous; style-arms one only, short. Capsule linear, slightly pubescent, 8 to 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the sides parallel, seed-bearing to the base. Seeds about 12, on retinacula, somewhat compressed, about 1 mm in diameter. PANAY, Capiz, Bur. Sci. 21236 Escritor, June, 1913. It is not entirely clear that the specimen came from Panay, as from the field label it seems probable that it was collected on the neighboring Island of Romblon; the locality is given simply as “Capiz, Mount Romblon.” The species is manifestly allied to Ruellia nudispica C. B. Clarke (Gymnosta- chyum nudispicum Elm.), which is a true Ruellia in the sense that Clarke and Lindau interpret the genus; it differs notably in its inflorescence which consists of fascicled spikes, rarely branches, instead of solitary spikes. HEMIGRAPHIS Nees HEMIGRAPHIS BAKERI sp. nov. Planta parva, glabra vel subglabra, circiter 20 cm alta, parce ramosa, ramulis plus minusve geniculatis, tenuibus; foliis in paribus aequalibus, obovato-oblongis, obtusis, integris vel leviter undulatis, basi angustatis, cuneatis, usque ad 3 cm longis; spicis tenuibus, paucifloris, bracteolis angustis, quam sepalis haud latioribus, 4 ad 5 mm longis; calycis lobis lineari-lanceolatis, acu- minatis, circiter 5 mm longis, glabris; corolla 11 mm longa; capsulis lineari-oblongis, 7 mm longis, 1.7 mm diametro, semi- nibus circiter 12. A small, nearly glabrous, sparingly branched plant 20 cm high or less, the branches slender, more or less geniculate in the lower part, the very young ones slightly pubescent, soon quite glabrous. Leaves opposite, those of each pair equal, oblong-obovate; char- taceous greenish-olivaceous when dry, with prominent cystoliths on the upper surface, apex rounded to obtuse, base gradually nar- rowed, cuneate, margins entire or obscurely undulate, 1 to 2.5 cm long, 4 to 8 mm wide, the lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, slender; petioles 2 mm long or less. Spikes terminal, slender, few-flowered, up to 5 cm long, the flowers distant, brac- teoles not imbricate except toward the tips of the spikes. Calyx about 8 mm long, glabrous, the tube 3 mm long, the lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, equal, about 0.6 mm wide below. Corolla about 11 mm long. Anthers 1.3 mm long. Capsule linear-oblong, about 7 mm long, 1.7 mm wide, apiculate, glabrous, X, C, 5 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 849 not at all clavate. Seeds about 12, brown, slightly compressed, obtuse, base inequilaterally cordate, somewhat shaggy-ciliate, about 1.5 mm long. Bracteoles linear, 4 to 5 mm long, green, 1 mm wide or less, the lower ones slightly spatulate, glabrous. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, hills near Malimao, C. F. Baker 3272 (type), May 7, 1914. Samar, For. Bur. 21081 Sherfesee, Cenabre, & Cortes, April, 1914. A species probably belonging in the group with Hemigraphis fruticulosa C. B. Clarke, but nearly or quite glabrous, with entirely differently shaped leaves and relatively very narrow bracteoles. [Vol. X, Sec. C, Nos. 3 and 4, including pages 159 to 285, were issued July 13 and August 9, respectively.] THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BoTANY VoL. X NOVEMBER, 1915 No. 6 STUDIES IN RICE* By JOHN C. RUNDLES (From the College of Agriculture, Los Banos, P. I.) FIVE PLATES RICE SEED SELECTION Seed selection and improvement of rice receives very little attention in the Philippine Islands. In general, the importance of selection is not recognized, and seed is usually not cleaned and well graded. In sowing there is frequently a mixture of two or more varieties differing decidedly in texture, quality, and yield. In short, the seed usually possesses no recommenda- tion or qualification other than availability. It is not uncommon for the farmer to sell most of his product at a low price and to replace it at planting time at an exceedingly high cost. This practice often forces him to go without seed at planting time or to mortgage his future crop, thus sacrificing all profit. Crop improvement cannot follow along these haphaz- ard lines. A system of farming in which there is not a careful selection and retention of selected strains is doomed to medi- ocrity or failure. The best agricultural practice, based upon scientific investigation, now demands careful seed selection. HOW TO SELECT SEED The Bureau of Agriculture has demonstrated * the fact that a high degree of productivity ; uniformity in texture, quality, color of hull or cuticle; or uniformity in the general characters of the 11 wish to thank Mr. H. O. Jacobson, of the Bureau of Agriculture, for valuable assistance in the writing of this article. He not only carefully criticized the article, but he placed at my disposal the experimental data of the Bureau of Agriculture and furnished some of the photographs. Credit is also due to Prof. C. F. Baker, of the College of Agriculture, for helpful suggestions. * Jacobson, H. O., Phil. Agr. Rev. 7 (1914) 346-351. 187624 351 352 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 plant is impossible when seed selection is based upon a composite sample of the ordinary varieties of rice. Considering that there is an almost unlimited number of Philippine varieties, that planting and harvesting operations for the past centuries have resulted in a great many combinations of the forms, and that there is more or less variation within a supposedly pure variety, standardization or purification of varieties cannot be expected when the seed is taken from the common market stock. One of the ordinary samples of rice—only one of many examined at the College of Agriculture—was found to include three dis- tinct varieties, differing in texture, shape and size of grain, and color of hull and of cuticle. Frequently, samples which had been carefully graded and were apparently uniform were found to” be, when hulled, nonuniform in color of cuticle and in texture of endosperm. Selection must be confined to the product of a few individual plants. In this way it is possible to govern the variation by eliminating many of the undesirable characters possessed by ordinary individuals and to standardize or purify the varieties. The work done by H. O. Jacobson,’ Bureau of Agriculture, on the ‘“‘Head-to-the-row test of rice’ is ample evidence of the fact that selection must be limited to a few exceptional plants within a variety, and that this method results in rapid improve- ment, high uniformity in yield, and a consequent accumulation of desirable characters (Plate II, figs. 1, 2; Plate VI). TIME TO SELECT SEED The practice of delaying seed selection until planting time and of using either a part of the former crop for seed or of securing seed from a neighbor’s general crop does not provide for seed improvement nor insure results above the average. Seed selecting should be done at harvest time. The farmer should go through his field and remove enough of the most desirable plants to furnish his seed for another year. This will enable him to base his final selection upon plants having a large number of similar panicles of good size, large stools, stiff stems, or any other characters which he considers desirable (Plate V, fig. 1). The production of pure pedigreed varieties of uniformly high yield demands careful grading and rigid elimination. Only a few exceptional plants with the most desirable combinations of characters should be used. For this reason the number of plants * Phil. Agr. Rev. 7 (1914) 346-851. x coe Rundles: Studies in Rice 358 removed should be large enough to allow for the most careful discrimination and elimination. After removal, the plants should be graded according to uni- formity in number and character of panicles and in character of stooling. All the panicles of one plant will be similar in colox of hull and of cuticle, in texture, and in awn characters. The plants finally selected should be carefully described as suggested in the outline for describing the rice plant and palay, recently published.‘ It is also necessary properly to number the plants to facilitate planting operations. The seed should be planted according to the Jacobson ‘‘head-to-the-row”’ method for the best, most rapid, and certain results. Patient, conscientious work in properly recording the behavior of the culture and proper elimination of the undesirable indivi- duals or varieties after row tests have been made will result in the production of pure and superior strains within from two to four generations. The ready response to selection and the rapid rate of reproduction will enable the breeder, within a few years, to sell an abundance of pedigreed seed. The farmer should not hesitate to pay high prices for superior pedigreed seed. It is not usually economical for him to breed his own seed when he can purchase the pedigreed stock in his region. When first-class seed is not available, or after the farmer has once been supplied with it, he should continue to select his own seed. In general practice the ordinary farmer may not be able care- fully to grade his plants nor to appreciate the importance of grading. However, he should be trained not to mix varieties, and to make his seed selection from the high-yielding individuals in the best standard varieties. CLEANING AND GRADING The use of cleaned, well-graded seed will insure strong vigor- ous seedlings and will guard against an uneven stand with its attendant ills, such as weeds and poor total yield. The seed may be cleaned by hand, by the water-gravity method, or by the use of a fanning mill. When a mill is not available, or if the amount of palay needed for seed is small, the grain- can be winnowed in strong wind and most of the light or immature seed and the dust can be separated. The final grading of the seed according to size can be done by hand with the use *Rundles, J. C., Phil. Agr. & For. 3 (1915) 181-190. 854 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 of screens. This work should not be delayed until planting, when time is valuable. The water-gravity method is a very speedy and thorough way of cleaning palay. Small amounts may be placed in jars, buckets, or troughs of water. The small, immature, or undesir- able grains and light foreign matter will rise to the top. and overflow or they can be removed. The seed should not be in the water longer than the work requires and should be dried thoroughly and quickly. This process may be carried on at any time, as it in no way injures the seed. When there are several cavanes® of palay to be cleaned, the grain may be taken to a fanning mill—which is usually avail- able—where the work may be done at small expense. FACTORS WHICH SHOULD GOVERN THE SELECTION OF STANDARD VARIETIES OF RICE PRODUCTION In determining the value of any variety of rice, yield is of first consideration. The tendency to yield well or to withstand adverse conditions may be the deciding factor in favor of re- taining varieties which, on account of inferior quality, un- desirable color of cuticle, or low percentage of grain, would otherwise be eliminated. A heavy crop of even inferior quality is more desirable than a small crop of high quality. However, a variety must be such that it will produce big crops in the average season, not in a few especially favorable seasons only. In every province a large number of varieties are regularly planted which cannot, or do not, produce normal crops except in an unusually favorable season. For example, in some regions there is regularly planted a six-months rice which will not have sufficient rainfall to produce a normal crop one year in ten. A variety may be prized by the best markéts and yet its pro- duction may be unprofitable on account of poor yield, more or less loss in harvesting, due to a tendency to shatter, or because of a high percentage of breakage in milling. Long, slender grains break very readily (Plate I, fig. 3). Varieties of rice having grains about 7 mm in length and 3.5 mm in width and as thick as possible will better withstand the milling process. These varieties produce the maximum amount of head rice,* which largely determines the value of a crop. * One cavan equals 25 gantas, equals 75 liters. °The head rice is the whole rice left in the milling process, x oe Rundles: Studies in Rice 355 Any variety should be discarded which, under ordinary con- ditions, fails to produce a crop large enough to cover the entire cost of production plus a reasonable profit. At least 50 per cent of the marketable rice of the Islands is produced under a very small margin of profit. In many cases, as there is no actual cash spent in producing the crop, the farmer does not realize that the balance is on the wrong side of his ledger. The great wealth of the Philippine varieties of rice makes it possible for the farmer to select varieties superior not only in yield but in all the essential points. MARKET DEMAND The most highly valued rice in the best markets of the world is superior in appearance and texture. Attractiveness is pro- duced by highly polished, entire grains of uniform size. The grain must be corneous or largely corneous in texture to take the best polish. Rice of this kind is often spoken of as nonglutinous. It is transparent, dense, and free from soft starch spots. When properly cooked, it remains intact and has a pleasing appearance. The Philippines, however, have no rice to export. The real problem in the Islands is the production of rice in sufficient quantities to meet the demands of the people. The rice most universally used in the Islands is partly, or largely, corneous in texture. This kind takes a good polish, is nutritious, and furnishes the maximum amount of energy. The demand for polished rice is limited. Good cooking quality is indicated when the rice kernel retains its shape after being cooked, yet is soft and has a pleasing flavor. A variety which forms a pasty mass, soon after being cooked, is not desired. Likewise a variety is undesirable when it is firm or hard or without flavor when cooked. As long as rice is the chief article of diet in the Philippines, and the production is not sufficient to meet the local demand, it is not advisable to encourage the practice of polishing rice, thus not only sacrificing flavor and nourishment, but also run- ning the risk of spreading the common Philippine disease, beri- ~ beri, and ultimately of sacrificing yield for polish. Some varieties of rice are highly prized in certain localities because of very pronounced flavor or odor when freshly har- vested or for other special reasons. Starchy or glutinous rice always commands a good price as long as the supply is not excessive. When cooked, it is sticky and rather hard to digest. Its value lies in its desirability as a foundation for pastries. 356 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 The small grower may well cater to the local demand for starchy rice, but the extensive grower will find it more profitable to keep to the varieties most generally demanded. MATURITY High production does not depend upon the length of time required for maturing a crop. Early-maturing varieties, varie- ties which mature in from one hundred twenty to one hundred fifty days, often yield as well as, or even better than, late ones. According to the experience of the Bureau of Agriculture varie- ties maturing in one hundred twenty, one hundred fifty, one hundred eighty, two hundred ten, and two hundred forty days were very similar in yield. Varieties maturing in less than one hundred twenty days do not, as a rule, yield as well. The advantages generally given in favor of the early varieties are: They give the quickest returns; the crop is exposed for a minimum time to the ravages of insects or to destruction by storms or animals; the optimum conditions for growth are more frequently met; and the growth of a second crop the same year— rice, legume, or vegetable—is possible and consequently the ground is more economically used. When transplanting is done at the beginning of a long rainy season, conditions may warrant the use of late-maturing varie- ties. In this case varieties which would ripen about the end of the wet weather may be used. The later transplantings need not, however, be late-maturing varieties. CHARACTER OF PLANT Varieties of rice vary in the stooling tendency. The fact that high production is correlated to some extent with the size of the stool is self-evident. There has not been sufficient experimen- tation with rice thus far to determine the most productive size of stool, but a stool of about ten stems is considered the most practical. An extremely large stool is undesirable, as it tends to cause nonuniformity in ripening, the later stems maturing later. Ifa variety has a tendency to stool excessively, the size can be controlled by increasing the number of plants per given area. As rice is grown chiefly for the grain—the straw having very little value—rankness of growth is undesirable. Rank- growing varieties fall down easily, thus involving greater work in harvesting as well as in the proper care of the straw. Pref- x, C6 Rundles: Studies in Rice 357 erence should always be given, other conditions being equal, to varieties of ordinary-sized plants having stiff straw and standing well. H. O. Jacobson describes the ideal rice plant as follows: An upright plant consisting of many stems bearing heads not less than 6 in number—more is preferable; the heads borne at a height of from 1 to 14 meters from the ground, but all at a uniform height. The heads of medium size for the variety with the prevailing size of kernel; the bearing stems should be stiff and strong; the leaves of good size; there should be no disease on the plant; grains should stick tightly to the head so as not to shatter easily and the hulls thin and of light color. According to a report of the Bureau of Agriculture the size of grain does not affect the yield. When the number of seeds per panicle is excessive, then the size is correspondingly small. Accepting this report as true, small-seeded varieties are undesir- able for the following reasons: The seed is more difficult to sow properly when broadcasting is the method of distribution; it is more frequently attacked by birds; it requires greater care in milling; and the loss due to milling is greater than that for the average-sized grain. CHARACTERS OF PALAY Awned or awnless.—The following arguments are given for and against the awned and the awnless varieties : While the awned varieties are more difficult to harvest, the grains do not shatter readily in the field and they are less subject to attack by birds. However, the awn or beard is disagreeable when handling the crop and is injurious to the feet of animals in threshing. Among the Visayans the awnless variety is used almost exclu- sively, while among the Ilocanos the awned varieties are pre- ferred. As long as yield or quality is not sacrificed, the grower should use his own judgment in deciding which kind to raise. In the general markets palay, or rough rice, with light-colored hull, commands the best prices. No doubt this is due to the fact that a dark hull frequently indicates a colored cuticle o7 undesirable quality. The percentage of hull by weight for the 200 varieties of rice examined at the College of Agriculture varied from 14 to 40 per cent. A thin hull is most desirable and should receive con- sideration when the value of a rice is being determined. Thin- hulled palay is not only heavier per given volume, but yields a larger amount of edible product than thick-hulled. 858 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 NURSERY SEED BEDS FOR RICE There are certain general principles involved in the prepara- tion of all seed beds. Seed beds for rice are no exception; good results are obtained only when the general requirements are met. They may be summarized as follows: Soil requirements. Any soil easily worked, not too sandy nor too heavy. Abundant moisture. Preparation. Thorough working of soil prior to time of planting. Fertility. Yearly application of well-rotted manure. Seedlings de- mand large quantities of available food. Protection. Fences to prevent animal invasion and scarecrows and special devices to prevent the attacks of birds. There are several methods of preparing seed beds in the Islands. The following is the one most universally used in the different regions; it is known as punldan (Tagalog), pagbono- bonan (Ilocano), and saboran (Visayan). The preparation of the seed bed usually begins about the time the light rains commence. This enables the farmers to pro- duce seedlings for transplanting at the beginning of the rainy season. Other beds are made later to provide seedlings for later transplantings. ° The beds are often located on a part of the rice paddy, ina garden, or in a small area near the farmer’s home. Sometimes manure is used; again the bed may occupy the place formerly occupied by the threshing operations and some fertility is pro- vided for in that way. The soil is plowed and harrowed both ways until it is very fine. Then it is divided into beds which are about 3 or 4 meters wide. Soaking the palay in water for from twenty-four to thirty-six hours, then draining and allowing it to germinate before sowing, is practiced to some extent, especially among the Tagalogs. When properly done, soaking aids in grading the seed; hastens germination, thus giving birds less opportunity for pillage; and may increase the percentage of germination. However, it re- quires careful attention, or, due to a delay in the sowing or to insufficiency of water after sowing, it may result unsatis- factorily. Broadcasting is the most universal method of sowing the seed. especially among the Tagalogs and Visayans. In this case the seed is scattered by hand over the surface of the bed and is covered either by a thin layer of dirt from near by or by harrowing with a bamboo harrow, or a sufficiently soft bed is X, C, 6 Rundles: Studies in Rice 359 provided so that no covering process is required when the weather is wet. Drilling seeds in rows is not a common practice, but it is done to some extent. Among the Ilocanos and Pangasinans a hill method of sowing the seed bed is very commonly used. To perform the work most advantageously, three persons are often used—one to make holes, another to drop the seed, and a third to cover. The first person, walking backward, makes the holes with a sharpened, two-pronged stick. He can make six rows of holes as he goes. The hills are about 10 centimeters apart and 3 or 4 centimeters in depth and in diameter. From 6 to 20 seeds are dropped in a hole and are covered by a third person— usually a woman, with her hand or foot. The following are the special methods of making nursery seed beds. ,They are not universally used. Palusot.—This method is described as used in Nueva Ecija and Bulacan Provinces. It calls for the preparation of the ground when under water or when saturated. The seed is germinated and scattered broadcast on the water or mud, where it settles more or less unevenly, most of the growth taking place in a muddy seed bed. The advantages claimed for this method are maximum germination and rapid growth, while the disad- vantages are uneven sowing due to the water and difficulty in separating the seedlings. Dapog.—This practice is described as used in Rizal Province. It is a unique method of growing seedlings upon a raft in a river. A bamboo frame is constructed in the form of a raft—split bamboo woven together forms the floor. Green alge and rotten compost are gathered from along the river and a layer of each is placed on the prepared frame to a depth of about 5 centimeters. The frame is placed in the river, ready for the seed which has previously been soaked about thirty-five hours. The seed is scat- tered on the prepared bed. Due to the abundant supply of moisture, growth is very rapid. Within from ten to fifteen days the seedlings will be about 15 centimeters in height and ready for use. They are cut and removed in blocks and floated on the raft to the transplanting ground. The following advantages are claimed for this method: Rapid growth, maximum percentage of germination, comparative free- dom from such damages as often occur when seed beds are on the land, and ease of transportation of seedlings. The disadvantages are: The work involved in preparation of raft, the necessity occasioned for transplanting seedlings 360 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 while small or for thinning at a later date, and difficulty in- volved in separating the desirable number for transplanting in a place. Dapug.—This method is described as used in Rizal and Bula- can Provinces. A framework of bamboo is placed on mud and is covered with a mat of banana leaves woven together. The seed, usually germinated previously, is sown very thickly on a thin layer (about 5 centimeters) of decomposed organic matter cut into fine pieces. Due to the abundant moisture furnished from below, growth readily takes place. Within from twelve to fifteen days the seedlings are either rolled up and placed on a well- prepared seed bed or are transplanted into the field. THE AMOUNT OF SEED TO USE ON THE SEEDLING BED The amount of seed to use on the seedling bed is 2 very important question, the discussion of which depends upon the presentation of certain data shown in the following table: ' TABLE I—Showing number of seeds of unhulled rice required to make a given unit and the number of seedlings to expect. Ros | vas, | Seige |Songper| Avner ene i| Te Seng me rs ‘Reese eee F mm. | mm. | mm, f ee See ae 1, 184, 000 45,360 | Awnless....| 10.0 4.0 2.3 907, 200 Quinarabao --_...---- 1, 350, 000 54, 000 |.--.- O60 .<.0a0 8.3 3.9 2.2 1, 080, 000 Cabot.) 53 2isce. i: 1, 552, 000 62, 080 |_._-- O6..0 6.7 3.3 2.5 1, 241, 600 Penerencipe __.....- 1, 578, 000 63,120 | Awned _._-- 9.2 8.1 2.0 1, 262, 400 CesteGe o.com 1, 638, 000 65, 620 |__..- G0..2./08 yap 3.6 2.2 1, 310, 400 Castanonga _.__.___. 1, 647, 000 65, 880 |__._. G0. cee » 3.5 2.5 1, 317, 600 Gaterda (Cos 1, 687, 000 67,480 | Awnless___- 8.9 3.1 2.1 1, 349, 600 Bolalaque ........--- 1, 760, 000 70,400 | Awned -_-_--- 9.0 3.2 2.1 1, 408, 000 RMN v's .chancadaeey 1, 778, 000 70,920 | Awnless--.- 9.3 8.2 2.2 1, 418, 400 Luzon Ilocano. _____- 1, 779, 000 71,160 | Awned ____- 8.3 3.3 2.4 1, 428, 200 Grane sit ax 1, 968, 000 78,120 |... ida}. 20 Bz 8.3 3.6 2:1 1, 574, 400 Balalangonon -----_-- 2, 080, 000 83,200 | Awnless---- 7.0 3.7 2.2 1, 664, 000 MOIR? u.gi50cuuueenes 2, 093, 000 88, 720 |_._-- C0? a= Soe 6.2 3.5 2.0 1, 674, 400 BRIGIW .cbaueseurerees 2, 100, 000 84,000 |.._.- ri pedi 1.3 3.1 2.0 1, 680, 000 Haiwoel ists. 2, 135, 000 85, 400 |____- Go U.tck. 8.4 3.0 2.0 1, 708, 000 LOIN bate wamsunteaune 2, 200, 000 88,000 |___.- SO 6.1 3.6 2.1 1, 760, 000 (0. 7 | ee ae 2, 205, 000 88, 200 |___-- Ce 6.2 3.1 2.0 1, 764, 000 Dalusong bayad_-_-_-_- 2, 221, 000 88,840 | Awned ----_- 1.8 3.2 2.2 1, 776, 800 Lumangbas ------.-- 2, 278, 000 90,920 | Awnless---- 6.1 3.1 2.3 1, 818, 400 LN ae 2, 464, 000 98, 560 |.___- ao:....9 5.0 3.0 2.0 1, 971, 200 Put-yo-canon -_.----- 2, 482, 000 99,280 |..... GO ...ce0 6.0 3.1 2.1 1, 985, 600 Quenocoryec ____..-- 2, 492, 000 99, 680 |____- G6 Per Per plant.¢ , hectare. |! plant.¢ | hectare. ) | im oS oes g. | Cavanes. || 9. Cavanes. | 1 26.5 154 | 61 10.5 61 | 1 23.5 136 || 55 9.5 5B 2 20.5 119 | 49 8.5 49 | 5 18.5 107 || 43 71.5 48 | 5 17.5 101 | 37 6.5 387 7 16.5 96 | 32 5.5 32 | 10 15.5 90 | 9 4.5 26 26 14.5 84 | 2 3.5 20 | 36 | 13.5 78 || 2 2.5 uM 51 | 12.65 72 | 1 5 8 | 66, 1165 66 ® Jacobson, H. O., Phil. Agr. Rev. 7 (1914) 346 to 851, furnished the data from which the above table was formed. > Under the column heading “Frequency of yield’ the numbers represent cultures of 100 plants each grown on 4 square meters of ground. © Based upon 100 plants grown on 4 square meters. In the experiment from which the above results were obtained ‘the rice plants were placed 20 by 20 centimeters apart, one in a place, ample room being provided for the optimum produc- tion of the individual plant. Nine varieties were used in the experiment. From the point of frequency it will be noticed that 83 per cent of the cultures produced a yield which, calculated on the hectare basis, exceeded 40 cavanes per hectare and 54 per cent exceeded 60 cavanes per hectare. A comparison of the average production of the plants recorded in Table V with the average production of plants given in Table VII warrants the statement that the practical possibilities of the rice plants are not obtained by the ordinary Filipino methods. The exceptional yields obtained in the experimental plots given in Table VI when 250,000 plants were grown on a hectare, in contrast to from 2,000,000 to 4,000,000 plants, the usual num- X, 6,6 Rundles: Studies in Rice 371 ber, seem to indicate that one of the principal factors governing poor yield is excessive planting. One hectare may be planted with 1,290,000 seedlings when transplanted 8.8 by 8.8 centimeters apart with one plant in the hill. Under these conditions that number may not be con- sidered excessive when compared with the same number trans- planted 25 by 25 centimeters apart with eight plants to the hill. The number of seedlings per given unit of area remains the same, yet by the latter plan overcrowding is evident as the plants are spaced neither to use the ground economically, nor to pro- vide sufficient room for growth. Thus it is very evident that the maximum number of seedlings per hectare requires the closest planting distance. More than four plants for a trans- planting distance of 15 by 15 centimeters or more than six for a distance of 20 by 20 centimeters must be regarded as over- crowding. Three plants for the former distance and four for the latter are regarded as the optimum number of seedlings to a hill, a rate which would limit the number of seedlings used on a hectare to 1,000,000 for the lesser distance and 1,300,000 for the greater. These results correspond very closely with those of the Bu- reau of Agriculture, which advocates from three to five seedlings per hill as the best number to insure maximum yields. H. O. Jacobson comments on this subject as follows: Denser plantings will surely not increase the yield, but, as to how dense a planting can be before it affects the yield adversely, I am not prepared to say. On the other hand much scantier spacing than indicated above will affect the yield but slightly if at all. It should be borne in mind that the rice plant is very adaptable in some respects, and that the limiting factors on yield are available plant food and water. If a plant is given much space it will draw upon available plant food to its utmost capacity; but where the plants are more closely crowded a number will not survive and the remaining ones compete with each other for the available plant food and water. Planting too closely should be condemned because it tends to prevent normal development of the plants, requires more labor in planting which is profitless and wastes seed. The final hectare production depends upon the sum total of the yields of the individual rice plants. The data presented in Table V indicate that the average production of the individual plant is very poor when grown under the usual conditions. The data in Tables VI and VII point to the possibilities of rice when attention is given to the individual plant. To secure the maximum yield of rice, proper attention to all the important factors is demanded—that is, selecting a va- 372 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 riety; seed selection within a variety; growing the seedling; transplanting at proper age; preparation of soil in the field and maintaining its fertility; and transplanting distance and number of seedlings per hill. Continued experimentation is necessary before conclusive re- commendations can be made concerning these various factors. CATCH CROPS Localities which have two distinct seasons, wet and dry, can grow but one crop of rice each year without irrigation. This crop is usually harvested at the end of the rainy season. On land where the water table is not more than a meter from the surface catch crops can get sufficient moisture to produce good paying results. It is advisable to cultivate the paddies, as cultivation enables the soil to be well aired, encourages the growth of beneficial bacteria, and aids in the destruction of weeds. In China and Japan a vegetable crop often follows rice. The cost of the work of cultivation can be met in this way. Legumes such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea), mongo (Phaseolus radiatus), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and sitao (Vigna sisquipedalis) are advis- able if the soil is deficient in nitrogen. They also form one of the cheapest substitutes for meat. Any one of these crops, succeeding the rice crop or grown whenever failure due to locusts or drought cuts the time short for a rice crop, should increase the revenues of the farm and give variety to the farmer’s diet. UPLAND RICE Rice is sometimes classified as upland or lowland. The first class includes the varieties which are accustomed to conditions favorable to corn or tobacco, while the latter class has reference to varieties accustomed to swampy or saturated soils. A third class may be given which would include the varieties which are interchangeable and which will grow under either conditions. COMMONEST METHOD OF SOIL PREPARATION The preparation of the soil is too often delayed until the light rains begin to fall, a short time before the real rainy season begins. The ground is plowed both ways once or twice. Level- ing with the bamboo harrow often follows the second or third plowing. It is not uncommon, however, for the seeding to be done after the last plowing, the seed being covered at a sub- sequent harrowing. X, C, 6 Rundles: Studies in Rice Sis The soil is stirred to a depth seldom exceeding 15 centimeters, its fineness depending upon the condition of the weather. The ground planted to upland rice is used to a limited extent for tobacco, corn, and mongo or other legumes. When land covered with cogon grass (Imperata exaltata) is required for rice culture, the grass is burned during the dry season, the ground being prepared in the usual manner not much in advance of the time for sowing. SPECIAL METHOD OF SOIL PREPARATION Caingin.—In general, rotation of crops is seldom practiced and no effort is made to maintain either the fertility or the productivity of the soil. Crop remains are either burned or permanently removed. When the soil fails to bring favorable returns, it is abandoned and new land is used. In this way the land rests about eight out of twelve years and is subjected to nature’s method of rebuilding. Trees, brush, and cogon or other grasses growing on the soil are cut and burned and the rubbish is removed. Most of the stumps and roots are left in place. The soil is stirred to a depth of about 4 centimeters. The entire farming operations are done with crude tools. TIME OF SOWING RICE The optimum time for sowing rice necessarily varies in dif- ferent regions according to the distribution of the rainfall. The crop must be sown at the most opportune time to insure its greatest growth during the excessive rains. In Luzon most upland rice should be sown during the last of May and all of June. METHODS OF SOWING Broadcasting or scattering the seed by hand is the most usual method of sowing upland rice. The farmer carries a small amount of seed in a bag or basket. As he walks across the field he either tosses the grain before him or scatters it with a swing- ing motion of his arm and sows a swath from 2 to 4 meters in width as he goes. The seed cannot be uniformly sown, and the amount used per hectare varies between 1 and 3 cavanes. The seed is covered by means of either a bamboo harrow or native plow. Seed sown on freshly plowed ground and covered in this way cannot be covered to a uniform depth. Among the hill farmers, who use the caingin system of farming to a great extent, broadcasting is seldom practiced, as the ground is not in good enough tilth to permit it. The bacal or sabug is the commonest practice. It is here described as practiced in Laguna Province. eee inte 9s hapa yaeiaseeteen eS PLATE XIV. Sabang lloco. . Var. grandis var. nov. Musa sapientum L 6-10. Musa sapientum L. var. suaveolens Blanco. Figs. 1-5. Bufigulan. 6, No. SGl taker ars JOURN, [PHIL PINLIPPINE BANANAS. | TEODORO: FRAO ONT Ig, Durugo. Morado. CEE ey: jie aie, rier ip cee glaberrima Blanco. violacea Blanco. REATIE XV. Musa sapientum L. var. Musa sapientum L. var. 6-10. Figs. 1-5. 6. , G. No: Sci, JOURN, [PHIL. PHILIPPINE BANANAS. | TEODORO: PLATE XVI. Hanatuco morado. subrubea Blanco. Musa cavendishii Lamb. var. hawaiiensis var, nov, Musa paradisiaca L. var. Figs. 1-5. Dwarf Hawaiian. 6-10. 6. x, Cuno: SOc; LP uit. JOURN, PHILIPPINE BANANAS. | "TEODORO: ee PLATE XVII. Saba Musa paradisiaca compressa Blanco. Figs. 1-5. Saguing machin. 6-8. Musa errans Blanco. 6, SChy Xs (GINO; [Puit. Journ, PHILIPPINE BANANAS, | TEODORO: PLATE XVIII. Pitogo. Abaca. Musa humilis Perr. Figs. 1-5. Musa textilis Née. 6-10. oat a a MAA}: a ee ee = ek Sete, MSY «ge INDEX [New generic and specific names and new combinations are indicated by black-faced type; synonyms and names of species incidentally mentioned in the text are in italics.] A Abauria excelsa Becc., 12. Acanthaceae, 198, 341. Acia fragilissima (Berk. et Curt.), 97. Acorus calamus L., 289. gramineus Soland., 288. Acrostichum spathulatum Bory, 186. Adenia coccinea (Blanco) Merr., 331, 332. crassa Merr., 331. longifolia Merr., 3380. palmatifolia Merr., 330. Adenosacme apoensis Elm., 105. longifolia Wall., 105. mindanaensis Elm., 105. scortechinti King & Gam., 105. Adinandra coriacea Elm., 824. Aeschynanthus foxworthyi Krinzl., 84. loherit Kranzl., 341. Agaricus anthocephalus Lév., 97. Ageracium calomala Blanco, 43. Albizzia myriantha Merr., 8. pedicellata Baker, 9. Allomorphia exigua Blume, 192. Alphonsea arborea (Blanco) Merr., 233. philippinensis Merr., 283. sessiliflora Merr., 233. Alpinia brachyantha Merr., 296. pubiflora K. Schum., 296. Alstonia angustifolia Wall., 66. oblongifolia Merr., 65. Alyxia confertiflora Merr., 64. lucida Wall., 65. odorata Wall., 65. Amaracarpus longifolius Elm., 123. pubescens Blume, 134. Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume, 290. decurrens (Blanco) Kunth, 290. harmandii Engl. & Gehrm., 290. longistilus Kurz, 290. luzoniensis Merr., 289. Anacardiaceae, 33, 190. Andropogon eriostachys Presl, 186. Aneilema azureum Merr., 292, 293. giganteum (Vahl) R. Br., 294. platyphyllum Merr., 293, 294. scapiflorum Wight, 298, 294. Angelesia splendens Korth., 307. Angiopteris angustifolia, 145. brooksii Copel., 145. Anisophyllea disticha Hook., 191. Anonaceae, 228. Anplectrum divaricatum Triana, 192. Apocynaceae, 64. Aquifoliaceae, 190, 316. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., 44. Araceae, 265, 288. Araliaceae, 195, 333. Archytaea alternifolia (Wahl) Hochr., 190. vahliit Choisy, 190. Ardisia biflora Merr., 3384. keithleyi Merr., 335. oblongifolia Merr., 335. zambalensis Merr., 334. Argostemma solaniflorum Elm., 100. stenophyllum Merr., 100. wallichti Walp., 100. Aristida luzoniensis Cav., 186. murina Cav., 186. rigida Cav., 186. Aristolochiaceae, 4. Aristolochia leytensis Merr., 4. mindanaensis Warb., 5. tagala Cham., 5. Arum decurrens Blanco, 290. Arundina speciosa Bl., 189. Aspidium hippocrepis (Jacq.) Sw., 186. lobbit Hooker, 146. Asplenium latifolium D. Don, 147. maximum D. Don, 147. Asystasia coromandelica Nees, 341. gangetica (Linn.) T. And., 341. Athyrium cyatheifolium (Rich.) Milde, 147. paripinnatum Copel., 147. Auricularia polytricha (Mtg.) Sacc., 86. refiexa Bull., 88. rugosissima (Lév.) Bres., 86. tenuis Lév., 86. Avena fatua L., 287. sativa L., 186. sterilis Linn., 186. Azaola betis Blanco, 56. B Baccaurea philippinensis Merr., 275. Badusa philippica Vid., 194. Baeckea cumingeana, 191. frutescens Linn., 191. Banara racemosa Blanco, 327, 328. Basidiomycetes, 85. Bassia betis (Blanco) Merr., 56. coriacea Merr., 56. longifolia Linn., 56. mindanaensis Merr., 58. 423 a. ll ee! 424 Index Bassia monticola Merr., 56. multiflora Merr., 56, 57. obovatifolia Merr., 57. platyphylla Merr., 58. ramiflora Merr., 56. Bauhinia lunularia Cav., 189. paucifiora Merr., 13. subrotundifolia Cav., 190. warburgii Perk., 13. Baumea glomerata Gaud., 288. riparia Boeckl., 288. Beccarianthus ickisii Merr. var. setosus Merr., 278. Begoniaceae, 45, 277. Begonia alba Merr., 45. biliranensis Merr., 46, brevipes Merr., 51. cumingii A. Gray, 47. lacera Merr., 49. lancifolia Merr., 48, 50. latistipula Merr., 51. leytensis Elm., 277. leytensis Merr., 277. littleri Merr., 49, 51. longistipula Merr., 49, 51. megalantha Merr., 47. merrittit Merr., 48. mindorensis Merr., 46. oligantha Merr., 50. palawanensis Merr., 49, 61. philippinensis A. DC., 47. platyphylla Merr., 46. quercifolia A. DC., 277. robinsoniit Merr., 52. suborbiculata Merr., 45. wenzelii Merr., 277. Beilschmiedia leytensis Merr., 271. nervosa (Elm.) Merr., 271. sphaerocarpa H. Lecomte, 271. Bertiera javanica Blume, 105. lateriflora Blume, 105. Boerlagiodendron diversifolium Merr., 333. heterophyllum Merr., 334. serratifolium Elm., 334. Boletus gilvus Schw., 95. Boraginaceae, 340. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., 187. racemosa Lag., 187. simplex Lag., 186. - Bromheadia palustris Lindl., 189. Bromus luzoniensis Presl, 187. pallens Cav., 187. Brucea amarissima (Lour.) Merr., 18. luzoniensis Vid., 19. macrobotrys Merr., 19. mollis Wall., 19. sumatrana Roxb., 18. Buchanania acuminata Turez., 35. acuminatissima Merr., 34. arborescens Blume, 34, 35, 190. platyphylla Merr., 33. reticulata Elm., 35. sessilifolia Blume, 35. Burseraceae, 274, 315. Cc Callicarpa caudata Maxim., 71. lancifolia Merr., 70. longifolia Lam., 71. megalantha Merr., 71. stenophylla Merr., 71. subglandulosa Elm., 72. Calophyllum amplexicaule Choisy, 326. blancoanum Pl. & Tr., 325. ferrugineum Merr., 324. Cananga virgata Hook. f. & Th., 240. Canarium barnesii Merr., 22. calophyllum Perk., 25. caudatifolium Merr., 315. connarifolium Perk., 30. crassifolium Merr., 274. cumingii Engl., 20, 22. dolichophyllum Merr., 20. ellipsoideum Merr., 26, heterophyllum Merr., 19. lagunense Merr., 21, 23. luzonicum A. Gray, 24. nitens Merr., 24, 274, 315. oliganthum Merr., 23. perkinsiae Merr., 26. sanchezii Merr., 27. stenophyllum Merr., 25. villosum F.-Vill., 20, 22. Canavalia macrobotrys Merr., 13. Capparidaceae, 303. Capparis affinis Merr., 303. lobbiana Turcz., 305. micracantha DC., 805. palawanensis Merr., 304. sepiaria Linn., 304. venosa Merr., 305. Caprifoliaceae, 284. Carex haenkeana Presl, 188. pseudo-cyperus L. var. haenkeana Kii- kenth., 188. Carruthersia imberbis Elm., 68, 69. laevis Elm., 69. Caryophyllaceae, 302. Casearia phanerophlebia Merr., 277. philippinensis Merr., 329. Caulinia ovalis R. Br., 2. spinulosa R. Br., 2. Celastraceae, 319. Chapelliera riparia Nees, 288. Chasalia curviflora Thwaites, 140. expansa Miq., 141. lurida (Blume) Mig., 140. membranifolia Elm., 124. obscurinervia Elm., 141. rostrata Elm., 125. Chloranthaceae, 3. Chloranthus henryi Hemsl., 4. philippinensis Merr., 4. verticillatus Merr., 3. Chloris crinita Lag., 187. dolichostachya Lag., 187. incompleta Roth, 288. mearnsti Merr., 288. Index Chloris petraea Sw., 187. rufescens Lag., 187. tener Scribn, 187. truncata R. Br., 187. Chrysobalanus splendens Miq., 307. Cinchona philippica Cav., 194. Cladium riparium (Nees) Benth., 288. Cladoderris dendritica Pers., 88. Clematis leschenaultiana DC., 3038. leschenaultiana DC, var. subglabri- folia Merr., 303. Clerodendron intermedium Cham., 73. ‘puberulum Merr., 72. ; villosum Blume, 193. Coelospermum ahernianum Elm., 126. Coffea luconiensis Cham. & Schlecht., 131. Coix heteroclita Roxb., 288. Columbia longipetiolata Merr., 324. subintegra Merr., 3238. Commelinaceae, 266, 292. Commelina gigantea Vahl, 294. Compositae, 194. Convolvulaceae, 198. Convolvulus sphaerostigma Cav., 198. Coprinus friesii Quelet, 98. Coriolus hirsutus (R.), 95. vinosus (Berk.), 95. Crinipellis fragilis Pat., 97. galeatus (Berk. et Curt.) Pat., 97. Crotalaria orixensis Willd., 18. Cryptocarya glauca Merr., 272. parvifolia Merr., 271. Cunoniaceae, 7. Curraniodendron apoense (Elm.) Merr., 5. dedeaeoides Merr., 5. Cyanotis cristata R. & S., 267. pedunculata Merr., 266. Cyathocalyx virgatus King, 240. Cyathus montagnei Tul., 98. Cyclomyces cichoriaceus (Berk.), 95. spadiceus Jungh., 95. tabacinus Mtg., 95. Cymodocea rotundata (Ehrb. & Hempr.) Asch. & Schweinf., 2. Cynodon tener Presl, 187. Cynometra copelandii (Elm.) Merr., 13. Cyperaceae, 188, 288. Cyrtandra anifolia Krinzl., 75. atropurpurea Merr., 75. cumingii Clarke, 75, 79. ferruginea Merr., 75. kranzlinii Merr., 76. longipedunculata Merr., 77. nana Merr., 79. oblongata Merr., 78. plectranthiflora Kranzl., 78. rex Kranzl., 75, 79. D Daedalea biennis, 92, 94. novoguineensis, 94. philippinensis Pat., 94. Dalbergia reticulata Merr., 14. subalternifolia (Elm.) Merr., 14. 425 Dasianthera luzonensis Presl, 327. Dasymaschalon blumei Finet & Gagnep., 237. cleistogamum (Burck), 287. clusiflorum Merr., 237, 239. clusiflorum var. megalanthum Merr., 237. coelophloeum (Scheff.), 237. lomentaceum Finet & Gagnep., 2387. longiflorum (Roxb.) Finet & Gagnep., 237. macrocalyx Finet & Gagnep., 237. oblongatum Merr., 237. scandens Merr., 238. Dedea apoensis Elm., 5. Dendrobium metachilinum Reichb. f., 188. Derris atro-violacea Elm., 14. subalternifolia Eim., 14. Desmos chinensis Lour., 235. chryseus (Miq.) Merr., 235. costatus (Miq.) Merr., 235. dasymaschalus Safford, 237. dinhensis (Pierre) Merr., 235. hahnii (Finet & Gagnep.) Merr., 235. hancei Merr., 235. longiflorus Safford, 287. subbiglandulosus (Miq.) Merr., 235, teysmannii (Boerl.) Merr., 235. Dichrotrichum asperifolium Benth. & Hook. f., 81. brevipes Clarke, 81. pauciflorum Merr., 80. Didymocarpus marginata C. B. Clarke, 193. ophirensis Ridl., 198. reptans, 193. Diemenia racemosa Korth., 307. Digitaria filiformis Delile, 187. longiflora Pers., 188. setosa Desv., 187. Diospyros alvarezii Merr., 335. camarinensis Merr., 336. discolor Willd., 336. maritima Blume, 337. poncei Merr., 336. Diplanthera uninervis (Forst.) Aschers., 3. Diplospora fasciculiflora Elm., 113. Diplycosia fasciculiflora Merr., 52. parvifolia Merr., 52. Dissochaeta pepericarpa Naud., 192. Dracontomelum cumingianum Baill., 88. edule Merr., 38. Dryopteris hosei (Baker) C. Chr., 146. Duportella raimundoi Pat., 88. velutina Pat., 87. E Ebenaceae, 335, Elaeocarpaceae, 41. Elaeocarpus calomala (Blanco) Merr., 43. bataanensis Merr., 41. isotrichus F.-Vill., 42, 44. lancaefolius F.-Vill., 44. oblongus F.-Vill., 44. 426 Elaeocarpus oliganthus Merr., 42. philippinensis Warb., 44. ramiflorus Merr., 43. villosiusculus Warb., 42. Elaphoglossum spathulatum (Bory) 186. Elmerina cladophora (Berk.) Bres., 93. foliacea Pat., 93. Embelia myrtillus Kurz, 192. ribes Burm., 192. Epacridaceae, 191. Eranthemum crenulatum Wall., 1938. Ericaceae, 52. Eriocaulaceae, 188, 290. Eriocaulon alpestre Hook. f. & Th., 291. cinereum R. Br., 291. longifolium Nees, 292. longissimum Nees, 292. merrillii Ruhl., 291. nigriceps Merr., 290. setaceum L., 292. sexangulare L., 292. sieboldianum Sieb. & Zucc., 291. truncatum Ham., 188, 291. Eucalyptus naudiniana F, Muell., 207. Eugenia aherniana C. B. Rob., 220. alcinae Merr., 216. barnesii Merr., 224. binacag Elm., 207. blancoi Merr., 208. brittoniana C. B. Rob., 208. cagayenensis Merr., 214. calcicola Merr., 209. capaosensis Merr., 209. caudatifolia Merr., 211. claviflora Roxb., 216. congesta Merr., 222. crassibracteata Merr., 210. crassipes C. B. Rob., 226. crassissima Merr., 211. densinervia Merr., 210, 211. euphlebia Merr., 217. everettii C. B. Rob., 220, 2238. fischeri Merr., 218. gigantifolia Merr., 223. glaucicalyx Merr., 212, 214. kKamelii, Merr., 219. Nanosii Merr., 220. longistyla Merr., 220. maritima Merr., 212. megalantha C. B. Rob., 225. mirandae Merr., 221. nitidissima Merr., 213. pallidifolia Merr., 222. parva Merr., 209, 213. paucipunctata Merr., 215. paucivenia C. B. Rob., 212. perpallida Merr., 209, 213. robinsonii Elm., 208. sablanensis Elm., 210, 211. saligna C. B. Rob., 217. samarensis Merr., 223. squamifera C. B. Rob., 218, 219. subsessiliflora Merr., 216. taytayensis Merr., 2238. triantha Merr., 224. Moore, Index Eugenia ugoensis C. B. Rob., 215. urdanetensis Elm., 212. wenzelii Merr., 216. xanthophylla C. B. Rob., 220. zeylanica Wight, 214, 215. Eulophia squalida Lindl., 189. Euonymus oliganthus Merr., 320. philippinensis Merr., 321. viburnifolius (Juss.) Merr., 321. Euphorbiaceae, 190, 275. Euphorbia atoto Forst., 190. Eurycoma dubia Elm., 190. longifolia Jack, 190. Eutriana curtipendula Trin., 187. : Everettiodendron philippinense Merr., 275. Exostemma philippicum R. & S., 194. F Fagaceae, 267, 297. Fagraea ligustrina Blume, 192, Ficus crininervia Migq., 269. jaroensis Merr., 268. Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br., 188. Flacourtiaceae, 277, 326. Flacourtia corollata Blanco, 327. crenata F.-Vill., 327. inermis Roxb., 329. magallanensis Elm., 270. parvifolia Blanco, 328. rukam Zoll. & Mor., 329. Flagellariaceae, 3. G Ganitrum oblongum Rumph., 44. Ganoderma amboinense (Lam.) Pat., 96. amboinense (Lam.), forma lingua Pat.,; 08: australe (Fr.), 95. bakeri Pat., 96. héhnelianum Bres., 96. leucophaeum (Mtg.) Pat., 96. mangiferae (Lév.) Pat., 96. mastoporum (Lév.) Pat., 96, multiplicatum (Mtg.) Pat., 96. plicatum Pat., 96. rugosum Nees, 97. umbrinum Bres., 96. Garcinia nervosa Miq., 325. Gardenia lagunensis Merr., 110. merrillii Elm., 111, 112. morindaefolia Elm., 112. negrosensis Merr., 111. pubifolia Merr., 112. Garuga abilo (Blanco) Merr., 29. clarkii Merr., 29. floribunda Dene., 28. littoralis Merr., 27. littoralis var. paucijuga Merr., 29. Gesneriaceae, 75, 193, 340, Gleditschia copelandii Elm., 13. Glyptopetalum loheri Merr., 321. marivelense Merr., 321. marivelense var. euphlebium Merr., 322. Goniothalamus amuyon (Blanco) Merr., 264. copelandii Merr., 262. Index Goniothalamus curtisii King, 264. gigantifolius Merr., 263. gitingensis Elm., 264. prainianus King, 263. tenutfolius King, 263. Gonus amarissimus Lour., 18. Gramineae, 186, 287, 351. Grewia stylocarpa Warb., 190. Griffithia cupularis King, 231. fusca King, 281. magnoliaepetala Maingay ex King, 281, Grifithianthus cupularis (King) Merr., 231. fuscus (King) Merr., 231. magnoliaeflorus (Maingay) Merr., 231. merrillii (C. B. Rob.) W. H. Brown, 231. Grumilea acuminatissima (Elm.) Merr., 132. alvarezii (Merr.) Merr., 182. amaracarpoides Merr., 134. arborescens (Elm.) Merr., 180. banahaensis (Elm.) Merr., 132. bataanensis (Elm.) Merr., 132. cagayanensis (Merr.) Merr., 183. camarinensis Merr., 135. cephalophora (Merr.) Merr., 133. crispipila (Merr.) Merr., 183. erythrotricha (Elm.) Merr., 138. euphlebia (Merr.) Merr., 183. fasciculiflora Merr., 135. gracilipes (Merr.) Merr., 132. lanaensis Merr., 136. loheri (Elm.) Merr., 182. longipedicellata (Elm.) Merr., 183. longipedunculata (Elm.) Merr., 133. lugoniensis (Cham. & Schlecht.) Merr., 181. macgregorii (Merr.) Merr., 133. malayana (Jack) Merr., 132. microphylla (Elm.) Merr., 180. mindanaensis (Merr.) Merr., 1380. negrosensis (Elm.) Merr., 181. nigra Gaertn., 129. nitens Merr., 1387. palawanensis (Elm.) Merr., 134. paloensis (Elm.) Merr., 131. papillata Merr., 138. phanerophlebia (Merr.) Merr., 131. pilosella (Elm.) Merr., 131. pinnatinervia (Elm.) Merr., 131. plumieriaefolia (Elm.) Merr., 181. pyramidata (Elm.) Merr., 184. radicans Merr., 1389. rizalensis (Merr.) Merr., 130. rubiginosa (Elm.) Merr., 181. sarmentosa (Blume) K. Sch., 137, 139. similis (Elm.) Merr., 134. subalpina (Elm.) Merr., 131. subsessiliflora (Elm.) Merr., 131. tayabensis (Elm.) Merr., 133. urdanetensis (Elm.) Merr., 130. velutina (Elm.) Merr., 133. versicolor (Elm.) Merr., 130. weberi (Merr.) Merr., 133. 124, 427 Grumilea wenzelii Merr., 140. Grymania salicifolia Presl, 310. Guamia mariannae (Safford) Merr., 2438. Guatteria micrantha A. DC., 230. Guttiferae, 324. Gymnostachyum nudispicum Elm., 348. Gynotroches azillaris Blume, 333. puberula Merr., 333. be A Hallieracantha Stapf, 341. Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f., 2. ovata Gaud., 2. spinulosa (R. Br.) Aschers., 2. Hanguana kassintu Blume, 3. malayana (Jack) Merr., 3. Helianthemum triflorum Blanco, 190. Helicia castaneaefolia Meisn., 189. integra Merr., 801. longiflora Merr., 300. moluccana Blume, 301. Heliotropium coromandelinum var. depressum A. DC., 340. gracile var. depressum Cham., 340, ovalifolium var. depressum (Cham.) Merr., 340. Hemigraphis bakeri Merr., 348. fruticulosa C. B. Clarke, 349. Henslovia philippinensis A. DC., 189. Heptapleurum subulatum Miq., 197. Hexagona bivalvis (Pers.) Bres., 92. lachnochaeta Pat., 93. tabacina Lév., 95. thwaitesii Berk., 92. thwaitesii Berk. var. Bres., 93. Hisingera grandifolia Turez., 329. Holarrhena daronensis Elm., 70. Homalium luzoniense F.-Vill., 327. oblongifolium Merr., 326. Hydnophytum brachycladum Merr., 142. formicarium Jack, 148. membranaceum Merr., 1438. mindorense Merr., 148. Hydnum chrysocomum Underw., 97. fragilissima Berk. & Curt., 97. Hydrocharitaceae, 2. Hymenochaete attenuata, 86. kunzei, 86. laeta, 86. leprosa, 86. pavonia Pat., 86. tenuicula (Lév.) Pat., 86. Hymenophyllum sabinifolium Hook., 145. semifissum Copel., 145. Hypoestes addisoniensis Elmer, 341. pulgarensis Elm., 342. Hypserpa cuspidata (Wall.) Miers, 303. I retropicta Icacinaceae, 276, 322. Ilex brunnea Merr., 318. guerreroii Merr., 316. haleonensis Merr., 319. 428 Index Ilex lobbiana Rolfe, 190. pachyphylla Merr., 318. spicata Bl., 318. subcaudata Merr., 317. sumatrana Loesener, 317. triflora Blume, 190. Illipe betis Merr., 56. coriacea Merr., 56. multiflora Merr., 56. ramiflora Merr., 56. Tonidium thymifolium Presl, 191. Ischaemum minus Presl, 187. urvilleanum Kunth., 187. Ixora gracilipes Merr., 119. grandifolia Z. & M., 121. platyphylla Merr., 120. samarensis Merr., 121. J Jacquemontia hirsuta Choisy, 198. Juncaceae, 294. Juncus bufonius L., 294. Justicia gangetica Linn., 341. K Kaempferia galanga L., 297. gracilliima K. Schum., 297. philippinensis Merr., 296. Kibessia simplex Korth., 192. Kickxia arborea Vid., 66. blancoi Rolfe, 66. gitingensis Elm., 70. macgregorii Elm., 66. merrittii Merr., 66. Koompassia beccariana Taub., 12. excelsa (Becc.) Taub., 12. Kunstleria atro-violacea (Elm.) Merr., 14. L Laportea brunnea Merr., 298. luzonensis Warb., 299, 300. monticola Merr., 299. triplinervia Merr., 300. Lauraceae, 271. Leguminosae, 8, 189, 313. Lentinus melanopus Pat., 97. squarrosulus Mtg., 97. Lenzites acuta Berk., 92. berkeleyi Lév. var. philippinensis Pat., 92. palisoti Fr., 92. tenuis (Berk.), 92. Lepidagathis clarkei Merr., 344. humilis Merr., 346. hyalina Nees, 345. ineurva Don, 345, 846. laxa Nees, 345, 346. macgregorii Merr., 346. mindorensis Merr., 348. palawanensis Merr., 342. subinterrupta Merr., 345. tenuis C. B. Clarke, 847. Leptoporus armatus Pat., 91. bakeri Pat., 91. braunii, 91. Leptoporus canaliculatus, 91. concrescens, 91. dichrous (Fr.), 91. pusiolus, 91. rugulosus (Lév.), 91. sanguinarius Klot., 91. Leucopogon malayanus Jack, 191. Leucoporus ameides Pat., 89. emerici Berk., 89. gallo-pavonis (Berk.), 89. grammocephalus (Berk.), 89. grammocephalus (Berk.) var. tri- gonus Lév., 89. obovatus Jungh., 89. vernicipes (Berk.), 90. Leucostegia immersa Pres], 147. Leucosyke aspera C. B. Rob., 269. leytensis Merr., 269. mindorensis C. B. Rob., 269. negrosensis C. B. Rob., 269. Licania angelesia Blume, 307. Liliaceae, 294, Linociera nervosa Elm., 271. nitida Merr., 339. obovata Merr., 338. paludosa King & Gamble, 340. Litsea leytensis Merr., 272. plateaefolia Elm., 272. Loeflingia indica Retz., 302. Loganiaceae, 192. Loranthaceae, 189. Loranthus retusus Jack, 189. Lucuma mammosa Gaertn., 233. Luzonia purpurea Elm., 17. Lycoperdon cepiforme Bull., 98. plicatum Berk. & Curt., 98. pratense Schum., 98. Lygodium volubile Sw., 186. M Macanea arborea Blanco, 233. Maesa ramentacea Wall., 192. Mangifera altissima Blanco, 35. lagenifera Griff., 190. Maranthes corymbosa Blume, 309. multiflora Korth., 309. Marasmius galeatus Berk. & Curt., 97. Marumia zeylanica Blume, 191. Medinilla affinis Merr., 281. annulata C. B. Rob., 279. cumingii Naud., 44. laurifolia Blume, 282. leytensis Merr., 279. longipes Merr., 278. oligantha Merr., 280. philippensis (C. & S.) Merr., 280. subumbellata Merr., 281. ternifolia Triana, 280. wenzelii Merr., 281. Meiogyne lucida Elm., 241. paucinervia Merr., 241. philippinensis Elm., 242. virgata (Blume) Migq., 240. Melanopus dictyopus (Mtg.), 90. Melastomataceae, 191, 278. Melilotus indica (Linn.) All., 15. Index Meliosma acuminatissima Merr., 36. loheri Merr., 38. macgregorii Merr., 37. monophylla Merr., 39. paucinervia Merr., 39. pendula Merr., 38. sylvatica Elm., 37. Melodorum fulgens F.-Vill., 264. Memecylon caeruleum Jack, 192. diversifolium Presl, 192. manillanum Naud., 192. Menispermaceae, 8038. Microlepia hancei Prantl, 148. Microporus affinis (Nees), 90. affinis (Nees) var. fasciatus Pat., 90. crenatus (Berk.), 90. flabelliformis, 91. florideus, 90. luteus (Nees), f. castanea Bres., 90. microloma (Lév.), 90. sanguineus (Linn.), 90. squamaeformis (Berk.), 90. xanthopus (Fr.), 90. Microtropis platyphylla Merr., 319. Millettia brachycarpa Merr., 17. Mimusops calophylloides Merr., 337. kauki Linn., 388. Mitrephora aperta T. & B., 255. aversa Elm., 257. basilanensis Merr., 251. chrysocarpa Boerl., 255. diepenhorstii Teysm. & Binn., 255. ellipanthoides Elm., 251. ferruginea Merr., 231 232. fragrans Merr., 252. glandulifera Boerl., 255. grandifolia Diels, 255. lanotan (Blanco) Merr., 232. macrophylla Oliver, 255. maingayi Hook. f. & Th., 253. merrillii C. B. Rob., 231, 232. ovata Boerl., 255. parallelivenia Boerl., 255. pictiflora Elm., 2538. prainii King, 255. reticulata Hook. f. & Th., 254. rugosa Boerl., 255. rupestris Boerl., 255. samarensis Merr., 253. versteegti Diels, 255. viridifolia Elm., 281, 282. williamsii C. B. Rob., 252. Modecca coccinea Blanco, 331. parviflora Blanco, 331. ' saponaria Blanco, 331. triloba Blanco, 3381. Monocarpia blancoi F.-Vill., 238. Monocera isotricha Turez., 44. Monodora myristica Blanco, 233. Monoon chryseum Migq., 235. Moraceae, 268. Morinda avillaris, 191. Musaceae, 379. Musa abaca Perr., 388. eavendishii Lamb., 410. 429 Musa cavendishii hawaiiensis Teod., 411. pumila (Blanco) Teod., 412. chapara Perr., 415. coccinea Andr., 388. ensete Gmel., 387. errans (Blanco) Teod., 390. botoan Teod., 391. glauca Roxb., 387. humilis Perr., 392. mindanaensis Rumph., 388. nigra Perr., 415. paradisiaca Linn., 412. cinerea Blanco, 397. compressa Blanco, 408. glaberrima Blanco, 399. glauca Blanco, 402. lacatan Blanco, 405. longa Blanco, 407. magna Blanco, 413. maxima Blanco, 414. pumila Blanco, 412. suaveolens Blanco, 400. subrubea Blanco, 414. ternatensis Blanco, 404. tombak Blanco, 407. ulnaris Blanco, 414. violacea Blanco, 398. sapientum Linn., 3938. americana Teod., 398. binutig Teod., 401. canara Teod., 406. cinerea (Blanco) Teod., 397. compressa (Blanco) Teod., 408. cubensis Teod., 397. daryao Teod., 403. garangao Teod., 401. glaberrima (Blanco) Teod., 899. glauca (Blanco) Teod., 402. grandis Teod., 410. inarnibal Teod., 406. lacatan (Blanco) Teod., 405. longa (Blanco) Teod., 407. suaveolens (Blanco) Teod., 400. ternatensis (Blanco) Teod., 404. tombak (Blanco) Teod., 407. tudlong Teod., 402. tuldoc Teod., 407. violacea (Blanco) Teod., 398. textilis Née, 3888. trogloditarum dolioliformis Blanco, 387. errans Blanco, 3890. textoria Blanco, 388. Mussaenda palawanensis Merr., 103. philippica Rich., 103. setosa Merr., 104. Mycetia cauliflora Reinw., 105. javanica (Blume) Korth., 105. javanica var. genuina Val., 105. lateriflora (Blume) Korth., 105. Myristicaceae, 270. Myristica fatua Houtt., 271. 430 Myristica wenzelii Merr., 270. Myrsinaceae, 192, 334, Myrtaceae, 191, 207. N Nauclea bernardoi Merr., 101. Nepenthaceae, 306, Nepenthes alata Bl., 307. brachycarpa Merr., 306. copelandti Merr., 307. Nephrodium hippocrepis Presl, 186. Neptunia oleracea Lour., 12, 190. Oo Ochrocarpus pentapetalus F.-Vill., 326. ramiflorus Merr., 325. siamensis T. Anders., 326. Olacaceae, 270. Oleaceae, 338. Ophiorrhiza linearifolia Merr., 99. Orchidaceae, 188. Oreocharis? notha C. B. Clarke, 193. Ormosia calavensis Azaola, 314. villamilii Merr., 313. Orophea aurantiaca Migq., 255. aversa (Elm.) Merr., 257. bracteolata Merr., 258. diepenhorstti Scheff., 255. polyantha Merr., 257. reticulata Migq., 255. rugosa Miq., 255. sumatrana Mig., 255. tarrosae Merr., 258. trachycarpa Miq., 255. williamsii Merr., 259. Oryza sativa L., 851. Oxalis sensitiva, 191. Oxymitra bakeri Merr., 259. biglandulosa (Blume) Scheff., 261. lanceolata Merr., 260. latifolia Hook. f. & Th., 262. longiflora Merr., 262. philippinensis Merr., 261. urdanatensis Elm., 261. villamilii Merr., 259. = Paederia tacpo Blanco, 131. Palaquium cuneatum Vidal, 62. foxworthyi Merr., 60. glabrum Merr., 61. heterosepalum Merr., 61. lanceolatum Blanco, 60, 62, 64. merrillii Dubard, 62. negrosense Merr., 63. ; obovatum King & Gamble, 64. Panicum leucophaeum HBK., 187. mollicomum Kunth, 188. stipatum Presl, 187. Panus anthocephalus (Lév.) Fr., 97. Papualthia lanceolata (Vid.) Merr., 242. loheri (Merr.) Merr., 242. mariannae Safford, 248. reticulata (Elm.) Merr., 242.. sympetala (C. B. Rob.) Merr., 235 242. Index Papualthia tenuipes (Merr.) Merr., 248. urdanetensis (Elm.) Merr., 248. Parastemon urophyllus A. DC., 807. Parinarium bicolor Merr., 309. corymbosum (Blume) Mia., 309. costatum Blume, 309. curranii Merr., 810. griffithianum Benth., 309. insularum A. Gray, 310. laurinum A. Gray, 308, 810. FS mindanaense Perk., 310. multiflorum Miq., 310. nitidum Hook. f., 307. racemosum Merr., 310. racemosum Vid., 310. salicifolium Miq., 310. scabrum Merr., 310, villamilii Merr., 308. Parkia sherfeseei Merr., 9. Paspalum aureum HBK., 187. chrysotrichum Presl, 187. filiforme Sw., 187. fuscum Presl, 188. molle Presl, 188. Passifloraceae, 330. Pavetta bakeri Merr., 117, 119. indica Linn., 117, 118, 119. palawanensis Elm., 117. scaberula Merr., 118. Payena betis F.-Vill., 56. Phaeolus carbonaceus (Berk.), 92. rigidus (Lév.), 92. Pharetranthus Klatt, 194. Pharnaceum depressum Linn., 302. Phellinus gilvus (Schw.), 95. kermes (Berk.), 95. williamsii (Murr.), 95. Philydraceae, 188. Philydrum lanuginosum Gaertn., 188. Phlebia reflexa Berk., 86. rugosissima Lév., 86. 'Phoberos dasyanthera Benn., 327. lanceolata W. & A., 328. saevus Hance, 328. Phucagrostis rotundata Ehrb. & Hempr., 2. Phytocrene blancoi (Azaola) Merr., 323. dasycarpa Miq., 323. macrophylla Blume, 323. obovoidea Merr., 322. Pithecolobium bigeminum Benth., 11. caulostachyum Merr., 10. ellipticum Hassk., 12. multiflorum Merr., 11. pauciflorum Benth., 11. platycarpum Merr., 12. Plagiogyria egenolfioides (Baker) Copel., 148. minuta Copel., 148. Plantaginaceae, 193. Plantago major Linn., 193. philippica Cav., 193. Plectronia horrida Kurz, 114 peduncularis Elm., 114. sarcocarpa Merr., 114, Pleurotus applicatus Fr. var. cystidiatus Pat., 98. Podoscypha obliqua (Mtg. et Berk.) Pat., 88. Index Podostemonaceae, 189. Polyalthia agusanensis 250. clusiflora C. B. Rob., 237. cumingiana Merr., 250. gigantifolia Merr., 246. glandulosa Merr., 247. glauca (Hassk.) Boerl., 250. gracilipes Merr., 248. grandifolia Elm., 250. lanceolata Vid., 242. lateriflora King, 245. loheri Merr., 242. loheri var. cagayanensis Merr., 242. lucida Merr., 249. macropoda King, 246. magnoliaeflora Maingay, 231. mariannae Merr., 248. merrittii Merr., 250. palawanensis Merr., 246. persicaefolia Benth. & Hook. f., 250. pinnatinervia Elm., 250. ramiflora Merr., 244. reticulata Elm., 242. romblonensis Elm., 242. tenuipes Merr., 2438. urdanetensis Elm., 243. zamboangaensis Merr., 245. Polyearpaea depressa DC., 302. Polycarpon indicum (Retz.) Merr., 302. loeflingiae Benth. & Hook. f., 302. polyphyllum Bl., 302. Polygalaceae, 316. Polygonaceae, 301. Polygonum benguetense Merr., 301. convolvulus Linn., 302. Polyosma gitingensis Elm., 6. lagunensis Merr., 5. linearibractea Merr., 6. philippinensis Merr., 6. Polypodiaceae, 186. Polypodium burbidgei Baker, 148. lobbianum Hook., 148. ‘ moultoni Copel., 149. pediculatum Baker, 148. taeniophyllum Copel., 149. Polyporus auberiana Mtg., 97. carbonaceus Berk., 92. crenatus Berk., 90. dichrous Fr., 91. dictyopus Mtg., 90. discipes Berk., 95. durus Jungh., 92. emerici Berk., 89. fuscella Lév., 94, lingua Nees, 96. mollissimus Pat., 92. obovatus Jungh., 89. rigidus Lév., 92. rugosum Nees, 97. rugulosus Lév., 91. sanguinarius Klot., 91. spadiceus Jungh., 95. (Elm.) Merr., 235, squamaeformis Berk., 90. tabacinus Mtg., 95. 1876246 431 Polyporus testudo Berk., 92. vernicipes Berk., 90. Polyschistes paupercula Presl, 188. Polystictus squamaeformis Cook, 90. squamaeformis var. nephelodes Bres., 90. Polytoca bracteata R. Br., 288. heteroclita (Roxb.) Merr., 288. Polytrema addisoniense (Elm.) Merr., 341. aequifolium C. B. Clarke, 342. pulgarense (Elm.) Merr., 342. vulgare C. B. Clarke, 341. Potamogetonaceae, 2. Praravinia everettii Merr., 107. Premna areolata Merr., 73. williamsii Merr., 74. Proteaceae, 189, 300. Protium connarifolium (Perk.) Merr., 30. javanicum Burm., 30. Prunus? laurifolia Dene., 36. Pseuduvaria aurantiaca (Migq.) Merr., 255. diepenhorstii T. & B., 255, 256, glandulifera (Boerl.) Merr., 255. macrophylla (Oliver) Merr., 255. philippinensis Merr., 256. prainii (King) Mer., 255. reticulata (Blume) Migq., 254, 255. rugosa (Blume) Merr., 255. versteegii (Diels) Merr., 255. Psychotria acuminatissima Elm., 1382. agusanensis Elm., 123. alvarezii Merr., 1382. andamanica Kurz, 129. angulata Korth., 129. arborescens Elm., 1380. aurantiaca Bl., 130. aurantiaca Vid., 1382. aurantiaca Wall., 182. pbalabacensis Merr., 127. banahaensis Elm., 182. bataanensis Elm., 132. beccarii K. Sch., 126. bontocensis Merr., 128. cagayanensis Merr., 138. celastroides Elm., 123. cephalophora Merr., 133. cervina Elm., 1238. chasalioides Merr., 125. crispipila Merr., 133. cuernosensis Elm., 1238. diffusa Merr., 122, 123. diffusa var. agusanensis (Elm.) Merr., 123. diffusa var. cervina Elm., 123. divergens Kurz, 129. elliptifolia Elm., 128, 127. epiphytica Elm., 123. erythrotricha Elm., 133. euphlebia Merr., 133, 136. gitingensis Elm., 128. gracilipes Merr., 1382. isarogensis Merr., 136. iwahigensis Elm., 128. ixoroides Bartl., 124, 137. leptothyrsa Migq., 126. Pr a : ’ ¥ ) # 432 Psychotria lianoides Elm., 122. linearis Bartl., 123. loheri Elm., 182. longipedicellata Elm., 13838. longipedunculata Elm., 133. luconiensis F.-Vill., 181. lurida Blume, 140. macgregorit Merr., 133. malayana Jack, 182. malayana F.-Vill., 182. manillensis Bartl., 128, 129. mariana Bartl., 129. mearnsii Merr., 126. membranifolia Bartl., 124, 126, 128. membranifolia var. elmeri Merr., 125. microphylla Elm., 130 mindanaensis Merr., 130, 136. mindorensis Elm., 124. montana Blume, 141. negrosensis Elm., 131. ovalis Elm., 122. palawanensis Elm., 134. paloensis Elm., 181. paucifiora Bartl., 129. phanerophlebia Merr., 181. philippensis Cham. & Schlecht., 129. pilosella Elm., 131. pinnatinervia Elm., 131. piperi Merr., 129. plumeriaefolia Elm., 181. pyramidata Elm., 184. ramosii Merr., 128. ramosissima Elm., 128. repens Elm., 128, rigidaefolia (Elm.) Merr., 128. rizalensis Merr., 180. rubiginosa Elm., 1381. sarcocarpa Merr., 123. sarmentosa F.-Vill., 124, sibuyanensis Elm., 128. similis Elm., 134. subalpina Elm., 181. subsessiliflora Elm., 131. suleata Wall., 129. tacpo Rolfe, 132. tayabensis Elm., 13838. thwaitesii Hook. f., 129. tortilis Blume, 142. urdanetensis Elm., 130. vanoverberghii Merr., 128. velutina Elm., 133. versicolor Elm., 1380. voluta Elm., 128, weberi Merr., 133. Pteris alata Presl, 186. Pternandra caerulescens Jack, 192. Pterobium, 194. Pygeum euphlebium Merr., 311. megaphyllum Merr., 312. merrillianum Koehne, 312. monticolum Merr., 312. Q Quercus caudatifolia Merr., 298. lipacon Elm., 268. Index Quercus mindananesis Elm., 268. robinsonii Merr., 297. sundaica Blume, 298. wenzelii.Merr., 267. R Randia auriculata (Wall.) K. Sch., 109. bakeri Merr., 109. fasciculiflora Elm., 113. gracilifiora Merr., 109. rigidaefolia Elm., 128. Ranunculaceae, 303. Rhamnaceae, 40. Rhaphidophora acuminata Merr., 265. perkinsiae Engl., 266. Rhizophoraceae, 191, 383. Rhodamnia trinervia Blume, 191. Rhododendron kochii Stein, 55. leytense Merr., 55. Rinorea, 330. Rondeletia longifolia Wall., 105. Rosaceae, 307, Rubiaceae, 99, 194. Ruellia nudispica C. B. Clarke, 848. panayensis Merr., 347. Rutaceae, 272. S Sabiaceae, 36, Santalaceae, 189. Santiria beccarii Engl., 31. caudata Merr., 30. glabra Merr., 31. laevigata Bl., 32. lagunensis Merr., 31. maingayi Benn., 82. nitida Merr., 31. samarensis Merr., 31. Sapotaceae, 60. Sarchochilus amplexicaulis Reichb. f., 189. Sarcostigma philippinensis Merr., 276. wallichii Baill., 277. Sauropus albicans, 190. Saxifragaceae, 5. Schefflera acuminatissima Merr., 198. agamae Merr., 196. banahaensis Merr., 197. benguetensis Merr., 198, binuangensis C. B. Rob., 208. caudata Merr. & Rolfe, 198, 199. crassissima Merr., 195. curranii Merr., 199. demesae Merr., 201. divaricata Merr., 199. eucaudata Merr., 200. glabra Merr., 201. insularum Harms, 204, luzoniensis Merr., 197, macgregorii Merr., 202. multifiora Merr., 203. nitida Merr., 204. oblongifolia Merr., 196. odorata Merr. & Rolfe, 204. palawanensis Merr., 197, 204. venulosa Harms, 2065, Index Schizaeaceae, 186. Schizoloma fuligineum Copel., 148. induratum (Baker) C. Chr., 148. Schizotheca hemprichii Ehrenb., 2. Scleroderma dictyosporum Pat., 98. : zenkeri Henn., 98. Scolopia crenata Clos, 327. lanceolata Clos, 328. luzonensis Warb., 327, 328. rhinanthera F.-Vill., 327. saeva Hance, 328. Seyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn., 129. Sebastiana chamaelea Muel., 190. Septobasidium laxum Pat., 85. pedicellatum, 85. thwaitesii, 85. Setaria caudata Lam., 188. composita Kth., 188. globularis Presl, 188. Sideroxylon macranthum Merr., 60. villamilii Merr., 59. Simarubaceae, 18, 190. Sindora inermis Merr., 314. supa Merr., 314, 315. Sistotrema autochton Berk. et Mtg., 88. Smilax bracteata Presl, 295. helferi C. DC., 295. loheri Merr., 294. luzonensis Presl, 295. Solanaceae, 193. Solanum indicum Linn., 193. trilobatum Linn., 193. Sonerila heterostemon Naud., 192. obliqua Korth., 192. Spathoglottis plicata Bl., 189. Spongipellis stramineus Pat., 92. Sporobolus scoparius Presl, 188. Stalagmites? nervosa Migq., 325. Stelechocarpus grandifolia Warb., 255. Stereum boryanum Fr., 88. hirsutum (Willd.) Fr., 88. lobatum Fr. var. concolor Jungh., 88. luteo-badium Lév., 86. rimosum Berk., 88. spectabile Mey., 88. Streblosa axilliflora Merr., 141. tortilis Korth., 142. Strongylodon megaphyllus Merr., 16. paucinervis Merr., 16. Susum malayanum Planch., 3. Swintonia acuminata Merr., 35. glauca Engl., 36. Symplocaceae, 282. Symplocos angularis Elm., 284. cumingiana Brand, 284. pachyphylla Merr., 283. patens Presl, 283. wenzelii Merr., 282. Syntherisma fusca Scribn., 188. molle Scribn., 188. Wy Tabernaemontana hexagona Merr., 66. mindanaensis Merr., 67. oligantha Merr., 68. pandacaqui Poir., 68. 433 Tectaria lobbii (Hooker) Copel., 146. Ternstroemia japonica Thumb., 324. Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers., 2. Theaceae, 190, 324. Thelephora hirsutum Willd., 88. pulverulenta Lév., 86. Thrixspermum amplexicaule Reichb. f., 189. Thymelaeaceae, 44, 3382. Tiliaceae, 323. Timonius confertiflorus Merr., 114. ferrugineus Merr., 115. gammilit Elm., 115. macrophyllus Merr., 116. quinquefiorus Merr., 116. Tovomita pentapetala Blanco, 326. Trametes cingulata Berk., 94. cornea Pat., 94. corrugata (Pers.) Bres., 94. flava (Jungh.), 94. fuscella (Lév.), 94. grisea Pat., 94. scopulosa (Berk.) Bres., 94. versatilis Berk., 95. F Tricalysia fasciculiflora (Elm.) Merr., 113. fasciculiflora var. oblongifolia Merr., 113. negrosensis Elm., 114. puberula Merr., 113. singularis (Korth.) K. Sch., 113. Trichocarya racemosa Miq., 307. splendens Miq., 307. Trichomanes microlirion Copel., 146. Trichosporum bakeri Merr., 340. pbrachysepalum Merr., 81. foxworthyi (Krinzl.) Merr., 84. irigaense Merr., 84. loheri (Krinzl.) Merr., 341. macgregorii Merr., 81. malindangense Merr., 83. mindorense Merr., 83. philippinense O. Ktze., 82, 84. rizalense Merr., 82. Trifolium melilotus-indica Linn., 15. Trigonopleura malayana Hook. f., 276. philippinensis Merr., 275. Tristicha bifaria Presl, 189. hypnoides Spr., 189. Triticum luzoniense Kunth, 187. U Unearia canescens Korth., 103. pachyphylla Merr., 102. pteropoda Miq., 103. Ungulina auberiana (Mtg.), 97. contracta (Berk.), 97. Unona agusanensis Elm., 235, 250. cauliflora Blanco, 264. chrysea Boerl., 235. cleistogama Burck, 237. clusiflora Meryr., 287, 239. coelophloea Scheff., 237. costata Mig., 235. dasymaschala Blume, 237. descreta Linn. f., 234. dinhensis Pierre, 235. Unona discolor Vahl, 235. ebracteola Presl, 230. hahnii Pierre, 2385. _ leytensis Elm., 230, 285. longiflora Roxb., 287._ merrittit Merr., 250. mindorensis Merr., 235, 243. miniata Elm., 235. : palawanensis Elm., 235. rubra Merr., 235. subbiglandulosa Miq., 235. sympetala C. B. Rob., 235, 242. teysmannii Boerl., 235. velutina Hance, 285. virgata Blume, 240, 241. virgata Rolfe, 241. Urceola brachysepala Hook, f., 69. imberbis (Elmer) Merr., 68, 69. laevis (Elm.) Merr., 69. philippinensis Merr., 69. Urophyllum acuminatissimum Merr., 106. arboreum Korth., 106. Urticaceae, 269, 298. Uvaria amuyon Blanco, 264. concava T. & B., 280. elliptifolia Merr., 229. lancifolia Merr., 228. leytensis (Elm.) Merr., 230, 235. lurida Hook. f. & Th., 230. micrantha Hook, f. & Th., 230. nudistellata Elm., 2380. reticulata Blume, 254. rugosa Blume, 255. sibuyanensis Elm., 2380. virgata Blume, 240, Vv Vaccinium barandanum Vid., 54. caudatum Warb., 53. indutum Vid., 54. irigaense Merr., 52. jagorit Warb., 55. macgregorii Merr., 53. Index — ¥ O Vaccinium turbinatum Merr., 54. - Vallaris angustifolia Merr., 70. 5 daronensis (Elm.) Merr., 70. gitingensis (Elm.) Merr., 70. holmanii Merr., 70. Vallea calomala Blanco, 43. Ventilago lanceolata Merr., 40. Veratonia malayana Mia., 3. Veratrum? malayanum Jack, 3. Verbenaceae, 70, 193. Viburnum coriaceum Blume, 285. glaberrimum Merr., 285. platyphyllum Merr., 284. Violaceae, 191. : ¢ Viola odorata L., 191. philippica Cav., 191. Ww Weinmannia lucida Merr., 7. luzoniensis Vid., 8. Wendlandia rufescens Miq., 101. williamsii Merr., 101. Wenzelia brevipes Merr., 273. Wikstroemia polyantha Merr., 332. Williamsia glabra Merr., 108. multinervia Merr., 107. sablanensis (Elm.) Merr., 108. Worcesterianthus casearioides Merr., 270. magallanensis (Elm.) Merr., 270. x Xanthochrous discipes (Berk.), 95. Xanthophyllum pseudostipulaceum Merr., 316. Z Zanthoxylum ? triplinerve Turez., 308. Zingiberaceae, 296. Zizyphus otanesii Merr., 40. trinervia Poir., 41. Zostera uninervis Forsk., 3. Zwaardekronia lurida Korth., 140. t € J | "4 os