sy THE PHILIPPINE _ JOURNAL OF SCIEN ALVIN J. Cox M. A., Pu. D. GENERAL EDITOR SECTION C. BOTANY E. D. MERRILL, M. 8. EDITOR WITH THE COOPERATION OF : W. H. BROWN, Pu. D.; C. F. BAKER, M. A.; L. M. GUERRERO, Puar. D. R.C.McGREGOR, A.B. : - VOLUME XIII . é ogee ADU B co. apie: - Wiru 6 PLATES AND 6 TEXT FIGURES CONTENTS No. 1, January, 1918 MERRILL, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIIL.............. No. 2, March, 1918 MERRILL, E. D. New species of Bornean plants.....20......2.....0cceeee----2ee No. 3, May, 1918 MERRILL, E. D. Notes on the flora of Loh Fau Mountain, Kwangtung Provinée, China ............ a FoxwortHy, F. W. Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II... Two plates. No. 4, July, 1918 BROTHERS, V. F. Contributions to the bryological flora of the Phil- ippines, V.. bicep sceesc cl kc cass cope ued stooeley ebetesse adipsia cep El nate pas ak Brown, W. H. The fungi cultivated by termites in the vicinity of Manila and los Banos....33.3.5. 2 Two plates. YATES, H. S. Fungi from British North Borneo. SHAW, W. R. Some microtechnical methods and devices...................... : Five text figures. No. 5, September, 1918 MERRILL, E. D. New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XIV.............. No. 6, November, 1918 SWINGLE, W. T. Merrillia, a new rutaceous genus of the oles Citreae from the Malay Peninsula Two plates. Fy BROWN, W. H. The theory of limiting factors...........020000000000000cceccecees One text figure. Brown, W. H., and TRELEASE, S. Alternate i and elonga- tion of growing stems of Cestrum nocturnum YATES, H. S. Some recently collected Philippine —— Bs, See tc, ERRATA sindbis ccs INDEX SAEs oe oe ater een ke eee eee 163 201 223 233 241 263 335 345 353 361 385 387 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BOTANY VoL. XIII JANUARY, 1918 No. 1 NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PHILIPPINE PLANTS, XIII By E, D. MrrriLu* (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila) The last paper under this title was published in 1915,’ the present contribution being essentially similar to the preceding ones of the series. Seventy-two species in thirty-four families are described as new, the groups considered being those that ~ for the most part present comparatively few novelties in cur- rent collections. One new genus, Jlocania, of the Cucurbitaceae, is described. Eight species previously described from extra- Philippine material are for the first time credited to the Archi- pelago, representatives of these having appeared in our current collections; among these the genus Zippelia is new to the Archi- pelago. A noteworthy species, presenting another striking case of Philippine-Australian distribution is the rare and very characteristic Ipomoea diversifolia R. Br., which has definitely been reported only from the small islands in the Gulf of Car- pentaria, but which now appears in our collections from north- western Luzon. Sida longistipula Merr., described below, a very characteristic and strongly marked species, finds its. alliance with a few Australian species rather than with the Asiatic representatives of the genus. Vitex celebica Koord. adds another species to the already long list of those known only from the Philippines and Celebes. * Professor of botany, University of the Philippines. * Merrill, E. D., New or Noteworthy Philippine Plants, XII, Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 287-349. 153049 ; 7 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ARACEAE ALOCASIA Schott ALOCASIA WENZELII sp. nov. § EHualocasia. Planta magna, glabra; foliis longe petiolatis, usque ad 1 m longis, haud peltatis, oblongo-ovatis vel ovatis, coriaceis, nitidis, laevis, margine cartilagineis, sursum angustatis, apice obtusis ad leviter acuminatis, basi profunde lobatis, lobis oblongis, obtusis, 30 ad 50 cm longis; nervis subtus valde prominentibus, utrinque 8 ad 11, patulis, basilaribus deflexis usque ad apicem loborum attingentibus; inflorescentiis longe pedunculatis, spathis oblon- gis, acutis, usque ad 12 cm longis et 2.5 cm latis, vetustioribus refiexis, spadicis circiter 10 cm longis. A large, coarse, glabrous plant, the caudices in old plants up to 0.7 m high and 15 cm in diameter. Petioles stout, up to 1 m in length, when fresh green and mottled or horizontally striped. Leaf-blades oblong-ovate, up to 1 m in length and 45 cm in width in the widest part, pale-olivaceous when dry, from the tip of the basal lobes to the apex attaining a length of 1 m, coriaceous, somewhat shining, smooth on both surfaces, the margins pro- minently cartilaginous, entire; basal lobes not spreading, oblong, obtuse, attaining a length of 50 cm, the sinus extending to the insertion of the petiole, usually narrow, acute; apex obtuse to obscurely acuminate, the blade gradually narrowed from base to apex; lateral nerves 8 to 11, very prominent on the lower surface, spreading at nearly right angles except the basal pair which is deflexed and extends quite to the tip of the basal lobes, emitting from one to three prominent veins on the outer side; reticulations obscure. Inflorescences numerous, their peduncles up to 45 cm in length. Tube of the spathe oblong, about 2 cm long, the limb at first boat-shaped, oblong, acute or somewhat apiculate, about 12 em long and 2.5 cm wide, white, ultimately reflexed and deciduous. Spadix cylindric, erect, up to 10 cm in length, the basal pistillate portion about 1.5 cm long and less than 1 cm in diameter, the staminate portion 3 to 3.5 cm long, cylindric, somewhat thicker than the pistillate portion, the appendage acute or acuminate, cylindric, about equalling the staminate and pistillate portions of the spadix. Staminate and pistillate flowers crowded. Stigmas sessile, subcapitate, scarcely lobed. Apex of the anther-bearing body truncate, crenate, about 2 mm in diameter, anthers apparently 8 to 10. Fruiting spadices ovoid or ellipsoid, when dry about 3 cm long. LEYTE, Dagami, Wenzel 97 (type), March 28, 1913, on forested slopes, altitude about 60 meters. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18929 McGregor, June 22, oe Ae PRT TR ERT TY I AT EE XIU, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 8 1914, in forests, altitude about 300 meters. SAMAR, Catubig River at Pinipisakan, Bur. Sci. 24266 Ramos, March 21, 1916, in forests along the river. MINDANAO, Agusan Subprovince, Amparo, For. Bur. 7615 Hutchin- son, August 28, 1907, iri open forests, altitude about 30 meters. It is known in Leyte as biga, the common name for Alocasia macrorrhiza Schott, and in Samar as handuroy. A remarkable species belonging in the same group with Alocasia macrorrhiza Schott, to which, however, it is not closely allied. It is well characterized by its large, oblong-ovate, coriaceous, very smooth, shining leaves, the basal lobes deflexed, not at all spreading, often attaining a length of one-half the lamina, and its very obscure reticulations. ALOCASIA MAQUILINGENSIS sp. nov. § Hualocasia. Planta robusta, pedunculis et subtus foliis furfuraceo-hispid- ulis; foliis late ovatis, usque ad 90 cm longis et 50 cm latis, obtusis vel obscure acuminatis, haud peltatis, lobis latissime ova- tis, rotundatis, comparate brevibus, nervis utrinque circiter 10 utrinque, subtus valde prominentibus, patulis, curvatis, basilari- bus utrinque pinnati-nervosis, leviter deflexis, usque ad apicem loborum attingentibus, reticulis prominentibus; inflorescentiis numerosis, pedunculis usque ad 30 cm longis; spathis circiter 10 cm longis, tubo sub fructu’accrescentibus, albis, carnosis, oblongo- ovoideis, usque ad 8 cm longis; spadicis 8 ad 10 cm longis. A robust plant, the caudices.in old. specimens stout, attaining a height of about 0.3 m, perhaps higher. Leaves membrana- ceous, broadly ovate, up to 90 cm long and 50 cm wide, entire, apex obtuse to obscurely acuminate, base not at all peltate, with two very broad, rounded lobes which are at most 20 cm long, and as wide or wider than long, the sinus rather broad, somewhat rounded, the upper surface, when dry, minutely puncticulate- verruculose, the lower uniformly and distinctly furfuraceous- hispidulous on the nerves and reticulations; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, spreading, curved, the basal pair somewhat deflexed and reaching the tip of the lobes, bearing from 3 to 5 pinnately arranged secondary nerves on each side; petioles stout, up to 1.5 m in length, rather densely furfuraceous-pubescent. Inflorescences numerous, up to 30 on each plant, their peduncles pubescent, up to 30 cm in length. Spathes about 10 cm long, the tubular portion 1 to 1.5 cm long, the limb lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, about 6 cm long, acuminate. Pistillate portion _of the spadix about 1 cm long, the flowers crowded; style short, distinct; stigma obscurely lobed. Staminate portion of the spadix about 2 cm long, cylindric, the sterile appendage about 5 cmlong. Fruiting spathe ovoid or oblong-ovoid, white, fleshy, up to 8 cm in length, the fruits fleshy, red. 4 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Baker 368 (type), March 1, 1913, Bur. Sci. 16926 Serviias, November 25, 1912, Bur. Sci. 6787 Robinson, April 8, 1909, Merrill 7153, September 3, 1910, on forested slopes, altitude 120 to 600 meters. A species well shavactetiied by its pubescent leaves, petioles, and pe- duncles, and by its white, fleshy, fruiting spathes. COMMELINACEAE ANEILEMA R. Brown ANEILEMA HUMILE sp. nov. § Dictyospermum. . Planta circiter 20 cm alta, erecta, haud ramosa, vaginis et petioles plus minusve hirsutis; foliis paucis, submembranaceis, -oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice ten- uiter acuminatis, basi cuneatis; inflorescentiis racemosis, pau- cifloris, solitariis, e axillis superioribus, circiter 2 cm longis; capsulis ovoideis,’ glabris, circiter 3 mm longis, 3-locularibus, 3-valvis, loculis 1-spermis; seminibus osseis, plano-convexis, ellipticis, perspicue rugosis, circiter 2.5 mm longis. An erect simple plant, or the lower parts of the stem more or less decumbent and geniculate, about 20 cm high, the stems glabrous or very slightly pubescent. Leaves submembranaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the slenderly sharp-acuminate apex and to the cuneate base, glabrous, of the same color on both surfaces when dry, scarcely shining, the longitudinal lateral nerves usually three on each side of the midrib, obscure, the petiolar part 3 to 4 mm long, more or less pubescent, the sheaths 1 cm long or less, somewhat inflated, more or less pubescent. Raceme _ solitary, simple, from the uppermost axil, 2 to 2.5 em long, few-flowered, glabrous, the base with a narrowly lanceolate, 1 em long, acuminate bract. Flowers white. Sepals elliptic- obovate, green when fresh, brown when dry, about 3 mm long, concave, somewhat cucullate. Petals very thin, white, oblong- obovate, rounded, about 3.5 mm long, the nerves dark-brown, very prominent. Fertile stamens 3; anthers broadly elliptic- ovate, 1 mm long; staminodes 3. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style 3mm long. Capsule ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 3 to 3.5 mm long, 3-valved, 3-celled, the pericarp brittle, shining; seeds solitary in each cell, 2.5 mm long, white, plano-convex, elliptic, promi- nently rugose. ALABAT, back of Sangirin, Merrill 10459, December 24, 1916, on steep slopes in damp forests, altitude about 80 meters; rare and a few plants observed in only one place. This very characteristic species is readily distinguished by its infiores- XIU, ©, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 5 cence being reduced to a short simple raceme, a character very different from most of the other species in the genus. It is apparently not very closely allied to any previously described form. LILIACEAE SMILAX Linnaeus SMILAX ERECTA sp. nov. Frutex erectus, glaber, leviter aculnatas, simplex vel parce ramosus, circiter 1 m altus, ecirrhiferus; foliis oblongis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, utrinque aequaliter angustatis, apice prominente acuminatis, basi cune- atis, perspicue 3-nerviis; inflorescentii® axillaribus, simpliciter umbellatis, breviter pedunculatis; fructibus ovoideis vel ellip- soideis, circiter 8 mm longis. An erect shrub about 1 m high, glabrous, simple or at most once dichotomously branched above, without tendrils, the stems terete, pale-brownish, 5 to 6 mm in diameter below and armed with widely scattered, stout, short, straight spines 2 mm in length or less, the upper parts of the stem unarmed. Leaves oblong, subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, of nearly the same color on both surfaces, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, equally narrowed to the rather prominently acuminate apex and the acute base, the base prominently 3-nerved, the lateral nerves extending to the tip of the leaf, the reticulations lax, fairly prominent; petioles about 2 cm long, the inflated basal part 1 cm long or less, cucullate. Umbels in the upper axils, solitary, simple, their peduncles 1.5 cm longer less, the pedicels 6 to 10, about 8 mm long. Fruits black when dry, ovoid or ellipsoid, wrinkled, shining, about 8 mm long. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28560 (type), 28472 Ramos & Edano, May, 1917, on forested slopes. This most characteristic species is readily distinguished by its erect, simple or but once branched stems which are aculeate below; by its pro- minently 3-nerved leaves; by the entire lack of tendrils; and by its simple umbels. SMILAX LUCIDA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramis leviter armatis, distincte circiter 9-angulatis, sulcatis; foliis firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 16 cm longis, bre- viter apiculato-acuminatis, basi in foliis minoribus rotundatis, in majoribus distincte cordatis, utrinque nitidis, 5- vel 7-nerviis; umbellis axillaribus, solitariis, pedunculo 2.5 ad 3 cm longo; fructibus globosis, in | siccitate subnigris, nitidis, 8 ad 10 mm diametro. 6 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 A scandant shrub, the branches and branchlets pale when dry, distinctly about 9-angled, sulcate, sparingly armed with widely scattered, short, straight, rather stout spines that do ‘not exceed 2 mm in length. Leaves firmly chartaceous to sub- coriaceous, subolivaceous when dry, prominently shining on both surfaces, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 8 to 16 cm long, 3.5 to 10 cm wide, all with a stout apiculate-acuminate apex, the smaller ones rounded at the base, the larger ones prominently cordate, 5- or 7-nerved, the inner pair of nerves much stouter than the outer ones, reaching the apex, the reticulations rather lax, prominent; petioles 1 to 2 cm long, the lower part somewhat sheathing, the tendrils attaining a length of about 10 cm. Um- bels axillary, solitary, their peduncles 2.5 to 3 cm long, the pedicels in fruit 1.5 to 2 cm long. Fruits globose, numerous, nearly black when dry, somewhat wrinkled, prominently shining, 8 to 10 mm in diameter; seeds usually 3. Luzon, Tayabas Province, vicinity of Dingalan, on the Pacific coast, Bur. Sci. 26611 Ramos & Edaio, August 27, 1916, on dry slopes at medium altitudes. A species well characterized by its inflorescences being reduced to a simple umbel. In vegetative characters it somewhat resembles SMILAX ELMERI nom. nov. (Smilax reticulata Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 8 (1815) 2740, non Desv., nec Heer), but Smilax elmeri has racemosely arranged umbels, and its leaves are acute at the base. _” PIPERACEAE ZIPPELIA Blume ZIPPELIA BEGONIAEFOLIA Blume in Roem. & Schultes Syst. 7 (1830) 1614, 1651. Zippelia lappacea Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. (1838) 76, t. 16. Piper zippelia C. DC. Prodr. 16* (1869) 256. JOLo, Mrs. Clemens 9335, October 15, 1915, in damp forests, altitude about 600 meters. This monotypic genus is new to the Philippines. Indo-China, Mekong River, Thorel, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Java. FAGACEAE QUERCUS Linnaeus QUERCUS CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. § Cyclobalanus. Arbor circiter 12 m alta, partibus junioribus densissime ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad ovato-lanceo- latis, integris, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, basi acutis, apice caudato-acuminatis, supra costa exceptis glabra, nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, ad costa nervisque pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9, subtus prominentibus, curvato-adscendentibus, a ieee natin XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII fi haud anastomosantibus, reticulis tenuibus, confertis, obscuris, subparallelis; cupulis obovoideis, pubescentibus, 2 cm diametro, obscure zonulatis, basi contractis, dentibus circiter 1 mm longis, infra distantibus, supra confertis; glans puberulis, 1.5 cm dia- metro, circiter 1.5 cm longis, subovoideis, apiculatis. A tree about 12 m high, the younger parts densely ferruginous- pubescent. Branches terete, brownish, glabrous, somewhat lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, entire, base acute, apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen blunt, up to 2 em in length, the upper surface glabrous except for the pubescent midrib, smooth, shining, pale or brownish-olivaceous when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper, pubescent on the midrib and nerves; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, not anastomosing, the reticulations slender, close, subparallel, inconspicuous; petioles densely pu- bescent, 5 to 8 mm long. Infructescences simple, up to 12 cm in length, spike-like, rather stout, lenticellate, when young pubescent, ultimately glabrous, each bearing two or three fruits. Cups obovoid, about 2 cm in diameter, brown-pubescent on both surfaces, rather abruptly contracted below into a stout pseudo-stalk which is 5 to 8 mm long and about 5 mm in dia- meter, somewhat contracted to the truncate orifice which is 1.5 cm in diameter, the zones obscure, about 10 in all, the lower ones distant and with distant teeth, the upper ones close, the teeth contiguous, the teeth narrow, 1 mm long or less. Glans ovoid from a truncate base, about 1.5 cm long and wide, about two-thirds contained within the cup, puberulent, apiculate. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Pamplona, For. Bur. 26973 Velasco, August 9, 1917, in forests, altitude about 60 meters. The alliance of this species is not entirely clear, but it is apparently most closely related to Quercus Uanosii A. DC., from which, however, it is distinguished by numerous characters. It is one of the species that is difficult to place as between the sections Pasania and Cyclobalanus, but I have placed it in the latter section as the scales have free apices and are not imbricate; the zones are indistinct, distant below, and contiguous above. QUERCUS MABESAE sp. nov. § Pasania. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, ramulis et subtus foliis minute brunneo-puberulis vel pubescentibus; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 14 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, supra glabris, vel junioribus leviter puberulis, laevis, nitidis, in siccitate brunneis, subtus subconcoloribus vel paullo pallidioribus; nervis utrinque circiter 9, perspicuis, curvatis, obscure anastomosantibus, reticulis sub- 5 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 obsolétis; cupulis 2 cm diametro, circiter 1.5 cm altis, truncatis, utrinque dense pubescentibus, zonis circiter 10, contiguis, den- tibus numerosis, confertis, 1.5 ad 2 mm longis; glans oblongo- ovoideis, glabris, nitidis, 2.5 cm longis et 1.7 cm diametro. A tree about 20 m high, the branchlets and lower surface of the leaves minutely brownish puberulent or pubescent. Branches subterete, smooth, subolivaceous. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 9 to 14 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, entire, base acute, apex slenderly acuminate, the acumen about 1 cm long, obtuse, the upper surface glabrous, smooth, shining, brownish when dry, or when young slightly puberulent, the lower surface of the same color or slightly paler, brownish-pubescent with very - short hairs; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations slender, obscure, often nearly obsolete; petioles castaneous- pubescent, about 5 mm long. Infructescence a simple spike about 10 cm long, the rachis rather stout, pubescent, each bearing but few fruits. Cups cupshaped, 2 cm in diameter, about 1.5 cm high, truncate, densely pubescent with pale- brownish hairs on both surfaces, sessile, the zones about 10, contiguous, the teeth numerous, crowded, oblong, acuminate, 1.5 to 2 cm long. Glans oblong-ovoid, glabrous, shining, brown when dry, 2.5 cm long, 1.7 cm in diameter, apiculate, the lower 7 mm included within the cup. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maguiling, For. Bur. 26915 Mabesa, September 19, 1917, on forested ridges, altitude 300 meters and above, locally known as ulayan. . In vegetative characters this species closely resembles Quercus lipacon Elm. of Mindanao, but is entirely different in its fruit characters. The cups strongly resemble those of Quercus jordanae Laguna, but the present species is not otherwise closely allied to that species, URTICACEAE ELATOSTEMA Forster ELATOSTEMA GRACILIFOLIUM sp. nov. Herba erecta, 20 ad 40 cm alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra, dioica, ramosa, ramis gracilis, adscendentibus; foliis lineari- lanceolatis, usque ad 4 cm longis et 6 mm latis, acuminatis, leviter falcatis, inaequilateralibus, utrinque acutis, margine utrinque dentibus 4 ad 6 conspicuis instructis; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus, solitariis, sessilibus, bracteis exterioribus orbicula- ribus, circiter 3 mm diametro, margine perspicue ciliatis, ad apicem perspicue corniculato-apiculatis, interioribus multo mi- XI, C,1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 9 noribus, circiter 2 mm longis, obovatis, ad oblongo-obovatis vel obovato-spatulatis, navicularibus, haud corniculatis; floribus 4-meris. A slender, erect, branched hert 20 to 40 cm high, glabrous except the inflorescences. Stems greenish when dry, about 3 mm in diameter, the branches slender, ascending, up to 16 cm in length, less than 1 mm in diameter, with numerous cystoliths. Leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat falcate, subchartaceous, dark- green when dry, 3°to 4 cm long, 3 to 6 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, base acute, somewhat inequilateral, both surfaces . with numerous, irregularly arranged cystoliths, margins prom- inently and sharply toothed above the middle, 4 to 6 teeth on each side; wider side of the leaf with a single ascending nerve leaving the midrib 2 to 3 mm above the base and extending one- fourth to one-third to the apex, the nerves and reticulations otherwise obsolete; petioles 0.5 mm long. Staminate inflores- cences axillary, sessile, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, ciliate, the outer two bracts orbicular, 3 mm in diameter, the tip with a 0.5 mm long apiculus, margins prominently glabrous, the inner ones smaller, the innermost about 2 mm long, oblong-obovate to oblong or oblong-spatulate, navicular, hooded, ciliate toward the tips, not corniculate. Staminate flowers 4-merous, their pedicels up to 1.5 mm long, the perianth about 1 mm long, the segments obscurely penicillate. Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26428 Ramos & Edano, August 18, 1916, on rocks in forests. A most characteristic species readily distinguished by its slender branches and very narrow, prominently toothed leaves, which, except for the midrib and single basal nerves, are without evident nerves or reticulations. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE ARISTOLOCHIA Linnaeus ARISTOLOCHIA HUMILIS sp. nov. Species A. philippinensis Warb. affinis. Suffrutex erectus cir- citer 40 cm altus, simplex vel parce ramosus; foliis membrana- ceis ad chartaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 25 cm longis, supra olivaceis, nitidis, glabris, subtus pallidioribus et parce pubescentibus, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, apice acutis, obtusis, vel latissime obtuse acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, prominentibus, adscendentibus ;‘racemis axillaribus, usque ad .6 em longis; floribus tenuibus, circiter 3 cm longis; fructibus oblongo-ellipsoideis, circiter 2.5 cm longis, 6-carinatis, apice ob-. _ tusis, basi acuminato-attenuatis. 10 The Philippine Journal of Science / 1918 An erect undershrub about 40 cm high, simple or sparingly branched, the stems 5 to 10 cm thick, terete, brownish, glabrous, the younger parts sparingly pubescent. Leaves few, 4 to 7 on each plant, ovate to oblong-obovate, membranaceous to charta- ceous, 13 to 25 cm long, 6 to 11 cm wide, the upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, shining, the lower paler, sparingly pubescent _with very short hairs on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations, the base subacute to rounded, the apex acute, obtuse, or broadly and bluntly acuminate; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, prominent, ascending, anastomosing, the reticula- tions lax, prominent; petioles 2 to 3 cm long, sparingly pubes- cent, becoming nearly or quite glabrous. Racemes axillary, 4 | to 6 em long, or when young much shorter, many flowered, but only one or two flowers developing at one time, the bracts oblong, somewhat pubescent. Flowers apparently purplish, slender, about 3 cm long, their pedicels 3 to 4 mm in length. Ovary oblong, somewhat keeled, about 3 mm long, the corolla-tube above the ovary slender, cylindric, about 7 mm long, the inflated part ovoid or ellipsoid, base somewhat inequilateral, about 6 mm long, the cylindric tube above the inflated part 5 to 7 mm long, the limb 1-lipped, the lip linear to linear-oblanceolate, about 18 mm long, 3 to 4 mm wide. Anthers 6, the cells contiguous. Cap- sule brown when dry, glabrous, oblong-ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm long, 6-keeled, the apex obtuse, the base attenuate-acuminate. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28480 (type), 28838 Ramos & Edaiio, May, 1917; Infanta-Siniloan trail, Ramos s. n., June 14, 1917; Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19423 Ramos, January 21, 1913, along streams in damp forests at low altitudes. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Aristolochia philippinensis Warb., from which it differs in very numerous characters, notably in its low stature and larger, differently shaped leaves. MENISPERMACEAE COCCULUS de Candolle COCCULUS SARMENTOSUS (Lour.) Diels, var. STENOPHYLLUS var. nov. t A typo differt foliis lanceolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, vel oblan- ceolatis, basi acutis, 3 ad 5 cm longis, 8 ad 15 mm latis. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27231 Ramos, March 4 1917, climbing on trees in forests at low altitudes. This form differs so radically from the typical form of the species, which is represented by Bur. Sci. 27213 Ramos from the same locality, that I believe that it is worthy of at least varietal rank. In this connection Clemens 749 from Camp Keithley, Mindanao, cited under Cocculus sar- Cs ee XU, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII ll mentosus (Lour.) Diels and also under Hypserpa jagori Diels,’ pertains entirely to Cocculus and represents a form distinctly allied to the variety stenophylla Merr., but with larger leaves which attain a length to 7.5 cm and a breadth of 2.6 cm. MAGNOLIACEAE MICHELIA Linnaeus MICHELIA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. Arbor glabra; foliis oblongo-ellipticis, chartaceis, usque ad 30 cm longis et 13 cm latis, obtuse acuminatis, basi subacutis, in siccitate pallidis vel subolivaceis, utrinque nitidis, nervis utrin- que 18 ad 23, perspicuis; floribus longe pedicellatis, perianthii - ; segmentis circiter 12, oblanceolatis, acuminatis, 2.5 cm longis; antheris circiter 25, 12 mm longis. A glabrous tree, the branchlets terete, smooth, about 5 mm in diameter, dark-brown, marked with a few conspicuous lenticels and the conspicuous stipular scars, the internodes 2 to 3 cm long. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, 23 to 30 cm long, 9 to 138 cm wide, when dry pale or subolivaceous, shining on both surfaces, the base subacute, the apex shortly and obtusely acu- minate; lateral nerves 18 to 23 on each side of the midrib, conspicuous on both surfaces as are the rather close, raised retic- ulations; petioles 2 to 3 cm long; stipules lanceolate, dark-brown and rugose when dry, about 6 mm long, deciduous. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, their pedicels 4 to 5 cm long, with a rather conspicuous bracteole scar above the middle. Buds oblong-ovoid, brown when dry, acute, about 2.5 cm long, the bud-scale splitting down one side, deciduous. Perianth-segments about 12, oblanceolate, acuminate, the outer ones about 2.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, the inner ones smaller and narrower. Stamens about 25, the anthers linear, 12 mm long. LeyTe, Burauen, Cagafgon, For. Bur. 26866 Tomeldan, May 21, 1917, in semi-open country (parang) at an altitude of 50 meters, locally known as hanguilo. ; This species is well characterized by its remarkably large leaves. Its alliance is with the extra-Philippine Michelia montana Blume, to which, _ however, it is not very closely related. MONIMIACEAE MATTHAEA Blume MATTHAEA INTERMEDIA sp. nov. > . Frutex circiter 4 m altus inflorescentiis exceptis glaber, ra- . mulis brunneis vel atro-brunneis; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongo- * Engl. Pflanzenreich 46 ( 1910) 211, 232. 12 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ellipticis, usque ad 13 cm longis, integerrimis, breviter acute acuminatis, basi rotundatis et leviter decurrento-acuminatis, in siccitate subolivaceis, subtus pallidioribus; nervis primariis cir- citer 8, distinctis, supra haud impressis; inflorescentiis axilla- ribus, pedunculatis, depauperato-cymosis, pubescentibus, 1 ad 2 em longis; receptaculis ¢ depresso-turbinatis, pubescentibus, cir- citer 4 mm diametro, tepalis reniformibus, rotundatis, circiter 1.5 mm longis; antheris 3 vel 4, confertis, sessilibus, connectivo haud producto. _A shrub about 4 m high, tahitian except the inflorescence. Branches and branchlets terete, smooth, the former straw-colored, the latter reddish-brown or dark-brown when dry. Leaves sub- coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, entire, 8 to 13 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, the apex shortly and acutely acuminate, base rounded and some- what decurrent-acuminate, shining when dry, the upper surface subolivaceous, the lower somewhat paler; primary lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, spreading, rather prom- inently arched-anastomosing distant from the margin, not at all impressed on the upper surface and scarcely projecting on the lower surface, the reticulations lax; petioles dark-brown, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Staminate inflorescences axillary, depauperate- cymose, few-flowered, peduncled, 1 to 2 cm long, appressed-pub- escent with short, brownish hairs. Receptacles depressed-tur- binate, externally sparingly pubescent, about 4 mm in diameter, the bracts oblong, pubescent, 1.5 mm long, the pedicels 5 mm long or less. Tepals subreniform, rounded, about 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Anthers 3 or 4, sessile or subsessile, broadly ovoid or orbicular-ovoid, 1 mm long, the connectives not produced. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28614 Ramos & Edaino, May, 1917, in forests, altitude about 1,000 meters. If the entire leaves be any criterion this species comes near Matthaea calophylla -Perk. and M. latifolia Perk., but it is not otherwise closely allied to these species, It seems to be much more closely allied to Mat- thaea sancta Blume, and in many respects is very similar to the entire- leaved forms of M. sancta Blume var. venulosa Perk. From this it is easily distinguished by its olivaceous leaves, its dark-brown branchlets, and the lateral nerves rather obscure and not at all impressed on the upper surface of the leaves. CAPPARIDACEAE _ CAPPARIS Linnaeus CAPPARIS LONGIPES sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis lanceolatis, membranaceis ad chartaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acutissime acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, distinctis; infructescentiis ee ig aaa XILL, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 18 axillaribus, tenuibes, parce ramosis, usque ad 20 cm longis; fructibus longe pedicellatis, globosis, circiter 12 mm diametro. A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches slender, terete, brown- ish or olivaceous, the ultimate branchlets about 1 mm in diameter, the stipular spines straight, usually about 2 mm long. Leaves lanceolate, membranaceous to chartaceous, green or greenish- olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, narrowed upward to the very slender apex, sharply acute-acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct on both surfaces, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, the ultimate ones close, both dis- tinct; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Infructescences axillary, very slender, sparingly branched, up to 20 cm in length, each branch bearing a single fruit, its pedicel about 3cmlong. Fruit globose, brown when dry, glabrous, about 12 mm in diameter. LUZON, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 26980 Ramos, Fawdsy 4, 1917, in forests along streams and on cliffs. A remarkable species on account of its greatly elongated, axillary, very slender infructescences. Its alliance is with Capparis’ loheri Merr., from which it is distinguished not only by its infructescence but also by its much smaller, entirely glabrous leaves. CAPPARIS ILOCANA sp. nov. Frutex glaber, ut videtur scandens, ramis ramulisque tereti- _ bus; foliis membranaceis vel chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 7 cm longis, apice breviter acuteque acuminatis, basi obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus, distinctis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, umbellatis, 5- vel: 6-floris; floribus longe pedicella- tis, pedicellis - ad 2.5 cm longis, alabastro globoso, 5 mm dia- -metro. - A glabrous shrub, apparently scandent, the branches slender, terete, brownish-black when dry, the stipular spines very short, straight, about 1 mm long, the branchlets pale-greenish. Leaves . pale-greenish when dry, oblong-elliptic, membranaceous to char- taceous, 5 to 7 cm long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm wide, slightly shining, the apex shortly and acutely acuminate, base obtuse; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anas- tomosing, the primary reticulations lax, the ultimate ones close, indistinct; petioles 2 to 4 mm long. Inflorescence a simple terminal, few-flowered umbel, the flowers usually 5 or 6, their pedicels 2 to 2.5 cm long. Buds globose, about 5 mm in diameter. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur Sci. 27120 Ramos, March 18, 1917, in thickets near the sea. A species characterized by its terminal, simple, fow-flowered umbels 14 The Philippine Journal of Science 3918 of long-pedicelled flowers. It may be as closely allied to Capparis sepiaria Linn. as to any other species, but it is entirely different from the numerous forms of this Linnean species in its vegetative and inflorescence characters. 4 ROSACEAE RUBUS Linnaeus “RUBUS EDANOIIi sp. nov. § Malachobatus, Elongati, Frutex scandens, minute aculeatus, ramulis et inflorescentiis pilosis; foliis simplicibus, coriaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, acute acuminatis, basi truncato-rotundatis cordatisque, prominente 5- vel 7-nerviis, nervis lateralibus utrin- que 5 ad 7, rectis, adscendentibus, in pagina superiore ad costa nervisque pilosis, subtus pilosis et minute leviter aculeatis, Margine apiculato-dentatis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, elonga- tis, circiter 20 cm longis, dense subadpresse pilosis; sepalis oblongo-ovatis ad ovato-lanceolatis, circiter 6 mm longis, petalis brevibus, caducis, oblongo-obovatis, circiter 4 mm longis, basi angustatis, apice prominente dentatis. A scandent shrub, the branches terete, brown, more or less pilose, and with small, reflexed, scattered aculei 1 mm long or less. Leaves simple, thickly coriaceous, olivaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 6 to 12 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide, shining, apex sharply acuminate, base broadly truncate-rounded and distinctly cordate, prominently 5- or 7-nerved, the nerves straight, the primary ones all ascending, 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, the primary reticulations subparallel, prominent, the margins acuminate-dentate, the upper surface glabrous or pilose on the midrib and lateral nerves, the lower surface pilose on the midrib and nerves and also with few scattered, minute aculei; petioles pilose, minutely aculeate, 1 to 1.5 em long; stipules narrowly oblong, free or nearly so, deciduous, about 4mm long. Panicles terminal, narrow, up to 20 cm long, pilose, the younger parts very densely so, slightly aculeate, the lower branches 3 cm long or less, spreading, widely scattered. Flowers about 1.8 cm in dia- meter, their pedicels 10 mm long or less. Sepals oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, externally densely pilose with pale appressed hairs, internally densely cinereous- puberulent. Petals thin, glabrous, caducous, narrowly oblong- obovate, about 4 mm long, glabrous, base narrowed, apex prominently toothed. Stamens indefinite. Carpels few, usually 6 or fewer, glabrous or with very few scattered hairs, including the slender styles 2 to 2.5 mm long. — XIU, , 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 15 - Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26505 Ramos & Edatio, September 6, 1916, in the mossy forest, altitude 300 meters. A species allied to Rubus cumingii O. Kuntze, from which it is distin- guished at once, among other characters, by its sharply acuminate leaves. Rubus cumingii O. Kuntze is figured by Focke, a photogravure of the type specimen, Species Ruborum Bibl. Bot. 17 (1910) 59, fig. 21. CONNARACEAE CONNARUS Linnaeus CONNARUS SUBFOVEOLATUS sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glaber; foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis ovatis ad subellipticis, usque ad 13 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, utrinque jejune foveolatis, basi obtusis, apice subabrupte et prominente acumi- natis, nervis utrinque 4, adscendentibus, perspicuis; paniculis axillaribus et terminalibus, usque ad 12 cm longis, ferrugineo- pubescentibus; floribus circiter 3 mm longis, petalis in siccitate verruculosis, glabris, perspicue oe ees carpellis soli- tariis, subglobosis, pubescentibus. A scandent shrub attaining a length of about 6 m, glabrous except the branchlets and inflorescences, the branches terete, brown, about 4 mm in diameter, lenticellate, the young branch- lets sparingly pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate, the petiole and rachis 6 to 7 cm long. Leafiets firmly chartaceous, ovate to subelliptic, 9 to 13 cm long, 4.5 to 6.5 em wide, pale and shining when dry, both surfaces manifestly and densely foveolate, the pits shallow, base obtuse, sometimes minutely peltate, the apex rather abruptly and prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt and 8 to 12 mm long; lateral nerves 4 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing; petiolules 3 to 5 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, up to 12 cm in length, rather lax, densely ferruginous-pubescent with short simple hairs. Flowers brownish-pink, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Sepals oblong, obtuse, pubescent, 2 mm long. Petals narrowly oblong, obtuse, 3 to 3.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, verru- culose when dry, glabrous, prominently glandular with reddish glands. Carpels solitary, subglobose, pubescent; styles 3 mm long, glabrous. Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Ngagan, Bur. Sci. 28240 Fénix, May 8, 1917, in damp forests. A species strongly characterized by its trifoliolate leaves and the. densely and shallowly foveolate leaflets. 16 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 | LEGUMINOSAE ALBIZZIA Durazzini ALBIZZIA MEGALADENIA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 8 m alta, subglabra, partibus junioribus leviter pubescentibus; foliis 14 ad 18 em longis, petiolis et rachibus inter pinnis ultimis glandulis magnis ovoideis instructis; pinnis 6- ad 9-jugatis, 5 ad 7 cm longis; foliolis 20- ad 30-jugatis, oblongis, obtusis, 5 ad 7 mm longis, inaequilateralibus; fructibus anguste oblongis, usque ad 8 cm longis, circiter 1.4 cm latis, obtusis, nitidis, reticulatis; seminibus 15 ad 20, contiguis. A tree about 8 m high, nearly glabrous. Branches terete, glabrous, dark reddish-brown or nearly black when dry, the branchlets paler in color, also glabrous. Leaves bipinnate, 14 to 18 cm long, 6- to 9-jugate, the petiole at or above the middle with a very prominent, dark-brown, ovoid, projecting, 7 to 9 mm long gland, a similar but smaller one usually present between the ultimate pinnae; pinnae 5 to 7 cm long, the rachis very sparingly pubescent; leaflets oblong, inequilateral, glabrous or nearly so, 20 to 30 pairs on each pinna, 5 to 7 mm long, 1.5 to 2 mm wide, - rounded at the apex, the base rounded on the broader side, subacute or obtuse on the narrow side, the nerves indistinct. Pods brownish when dry, shining, somewhat reticulate, narrowly oblong, 7 to 8 cm long, about 1.4 cm wide, rather thin, rounded at the apex, the base acuminate, margins somewhat thickened ; seeds 15 to 20, contiguous, subelliptic, compressed, about 4 mm long. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29023 Ramos & Edajfo, June, 1917, in forests along the Umiray River. This species in vegetative characters somewhat resetihios Albizzia’ leb- bekoides Benth., but is entirely different in its fruit characters, and in its remarkably lace ovoid, projecting petiolar and rachis glands. The pods, although much smaller, resemble those of Leucaena glauca Benth., but are indehiscent and reticulate. NEPTUNIA Loureiro NEPTUNIA DEPAUPERATA sp. nov. Suffrutex prostratus e basi lignosus, usque ad 40 cm longis, ramosis, ramis ramulisque tenuibus, teretibus vel ramulis obscu- rissime angulosis; foliis 1.5 ad 3 cm longis, 1- ad 4-jugatis; foliolis oblongis, 2 ad 3 cm longis, confertis, crassis, margine leviter ciliatis, obscurissime venosis; capitulis axillaribus, soli- tariis, pedunculatis; floribus 5-meris, staminibus 5; floribus inferioribus neutris, staminoideis petaloideis, circiter 10 mm lon- pO NTN ee RL bo Fa a f oa "if XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 17 gis, lineari-oblanceolatis, planis; ovario 6-ovulatis; leguminibus oblongis, planis, 2 cm longis. i A prostrate undershrub from a much thickened woody root, the branches spreading, prostrate, distinctly woody, slender, up to 40 cm in length, branched, the branches and branchlets dark reddish-brown, glabrous, terete, or the ultimate ones very obscurely angular. Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm long, 1- to 4-jugate, the pinnae 1 cm long or less; leaflets 12 to 16 pairs, sessile, oblong, thick, 2 to 3 mm long, obscurely nerved, base inequilaterally rounded, apex obtuse to minutely apiculate, margins in young leaves sparingly ciliate; stipules inequilateral, slenderly acumi- nate, ovate, about 3 mm long. Heads axillary, yellow, their peduncles slender, 2 to3cm long. Lower flowers neuter. Calyx less than 1mm long. Petals somewhat oblong-oblanceolate, 2mm long, free. Staminodes petaloid, yellow, flat, membranaceous, linear-oblanceolate, about 1 cm long. Perfect flowers: Calyx 1.5 . to 2 mm long, the teeth 5, ovate, obtuse to subacute, 0.5 mm long. Petals 5, free, about 2.5 mm long, oblong-spatulate. Filaments filiform, 4 mm long; anthers oblong-elliptic, 1 mm long, falling very soon after anthesis, tipped with a minute sessile gland. Ovary subsessile, compressed, oblong, inequilateral, glabrous; ovules about 6; style 3 mm long. Pods oblong, thin, brown, about 2 cm long and 5 mm wide, minutely apiculate. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27169 Ramos, March 13, 1917, in old dry rice paddies at low altitudes. This species in many respects resembles Neptunia triquetra Benth., which extends from India to Indo-China, but is smaller, with much smaller leaves, and with but five stamens, and very different staminodes. It is distinctly woody, the root being much thickened, the prostrate stems not at all herbaceous. On account of its five stamens its true alliance is with the Australian Neptunia gracilis Benth. and N. monosperma F. Muell., being more distinctly allied to the former. It is easily distinguished from Neptunia gracilis Benth. by its much smaller leaflets. CROTALARIA Linnaeus CROTALARIA TRIFOLIASTRUM Willd. Sp. Pl. 3 (1806) 983. _ Luzon, Province of Ilocos Norte, Burgos, Bur. Sct. 27265 Ramos, March 15, 1917, in open places near streams at low altitudes. Tropical Asia to northeastern Australia; new to the Philippines. SPATHOLOBUS Hasskarl SPATHOLOBUS PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliolis oblongo-ovatis ad ovatis, chartaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, obtusis, glaberrimis, nervis utrinque circiter 7; legumit.ibus cir- citer 11 cm longis et 3 em latis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, 153049-———2 18 The Philippine Journal of Science : 1918 leviter falcatis, utrinque obtusis vcl apice breviter apiculatis, valvis perspicue reticulatis. A scandent shrub of indefinite length, entirely glabrous except the somewhat ferruginous-pilose inflorescences. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, reddish-brown, smooth. Leaves 3- foliolate, the petioles 2.5 to 6 cm long; leaflets firmly chartaceous, oblong-ovate to ovate, brownish or pale-olivaceous when dry, shining, 7 to 11 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, base usually rounded, apex usually obtuse; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations evident and rather close on both surfaces. Panicles terminal and in the upper axils, some- what ferruginous-pilose with subappressed hairs as are the very young calyces. Mature flowers not seen, the panicles before an- thesis up to 16 cm in length. Pods glabrous, shining, brownish when dry, thin, in general oblong, somewhat falcate, about 11 cm long and 3 cm wide, base inequilaterally rounded, apex rounded or obtuse, often slightly apiculate, the valves conspicuously re- ticulate. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. 26841 Mabesa, July 23, 1917, along trails on rather open slopes, altitude 100 to 200 meters. The same species is represented by Bur. Sci. 2630 Ramos and For. Bur. 466 Ahern’s collector, from Rizal Province, Luzon, both of these specimens being with very young buds. Spatholobus philippinensis Merr. is entirely different from the few other representatives of the genus known from the Philippines. It is well char- acterized by being entirely glabrous except for the sparingly pubescent inflorescences. In vegetative characters it is somewhat similar to- Spath- olobus harmandii Gagnep. of Indo-China. RUTACEAE EVODIA Forster EVODIA GLABERRIMA sp. nov. Frutex glaberrimus, foliis 1- ad 3-foliolatis; foliolis oblongis - ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate nitidis, viridi-olivaceis, utrin- que acuminatis, papyraceis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 16, patulis, anastomosantibus, utrinque perspicue glandulosis; paniculis axillaribus, 3 ad 4 cm longis, paucifioris, floribus cir- citer 3 mm longis. An erect, entirely glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets © - pale when dry, slender, terete. Leaves opposite, 1- to 3-foliolate on the same branch, the petioles 3 to 5 cm long, the petiolules 1 cm long or less and like the petioles glandular-punctate; leaflets chartaceous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, greenish-olivaceous and shining when dry, conspicuously glandular-punctate on both sur- 1 (9 i XII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 19 faces, subequally narrowed to the acuminate base and apex, the apical acumen obtuse, stout, about 1 cm long; primary lateral nerves about 16 on each side of the midrib, spreading, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct. Panicles axillary, solitary, 3 to 4 cm long, peduncled, narrowly pyramidal, few- flowered, the lower branches 1 cm long or less. Young flowers about 3 mm long, the petals 4, oblong, obtuse, glandular. Sepals, ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long. Staminodes 4, about 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous, deeply 4-lobed, the immature carpels brown, about 3.5 mm long. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28864 Ramos & Edaiio, May 20, 1917, in forests along streams at low altitudes. The alliance of this species is apparently with Evodia ternata (Blanco) Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its thicker leaflets which vary in number from 1 to 3; its short, few-flowered inflorescences; and in being entirely glabrous in all parts. TETRACTOMIA Hooker f. TETRACTOMIA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov. Arbor glabra, circiter 15 m alta, ramis crassis, rugosis, cicat- — ricibus perspicuis instructis; foliis crasse coriaceis, obovatis, in siccitate olivaceis vel olivaceo-brunneis, usque ad 11 cm longis, apice latissime rotundatis, basi cuneatis, obscure punctatis, ner- vis utrinque circiter 8; inflorescentiis usque ad 15 cm longis, longe pedunculatis; floribus circiter 5 mm diametro, petalis latissime ovatis, acutis vel obscure acuminatis, circiter 2.6 mm longis latisque. A glabrous tree about 15 m high. Branches stout, rugose, about 6 mm in diameter, grayish or grayish-brown, marked with numerous large petiolar scars. Leaves thickly coriaceous, obo- vate, 6 to 11 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, shining, olivaceous or brownish-olivaceous when dry, the lower surface often paler than the upper, the apex very broadly rounded, the base cuneate, the upper surface obscurely pitted, the lower obscurely glan- dular-punctate ; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, rather conspicuous, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Inflorescences from the upper axils and sub- terminal, long-peduncled, up to 15 cm long, the branches few, the lower primary ones up to 6 cm in length. Flowers fragrant, yellowish-green, dark-brown when dry, about 5 mm in diameter, somewhat crowded on the ultimate branchlets, shortly pedicelled. Calyx somewhat turbinate, 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter, shallowly toothed. Petals broadly ovate, about 2.5 mm long and wide, acute or somewhat acuminate. Filaments about 3 mm long. 20 The Philippine Journal of Science wa -Staminodes 0.5 mm long or less, or sometimes obsolete, the - petals then with an evident gland in the median portion. MinpaNao, Surigao Province (Dinagat Island), For. Bur. 26985 Ponce,’ July 22, 1917, in thin poor soil on semi-open slopes, altitude about 20 meters. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Tetractomia tetrandra (Roxb.) Merr. in Journ. Str. Branch Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917):87 (T. row- burghii Hook. f.), from which it is distinguished especially by its differently shaped leaves which are broadly rounded at their apices. POLYGALACEAE POLYGALA Linnaeus POLYGALA CARDIOCARPA Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 41° (1872) 293; Gagnep. in Lecomte Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 1 (1899) 253. NeEcros, near Dumaguete, Eskridge s. n., 1918, with the Visayan name chicate. This species, previously reported only from Burma and Indo-China, is allied to Polygala triphylla Ham. The Philippine specimen agrees closely with duplicates of Thorel’s Mekong collections cited by Gagnepain as * representing Kurz’s species. POLYGALA ELONGATA Klein in Willd. Sp. Pl. 3 (1806) 879. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Tanculan, Bur. Sci. 26016 Fénix, July 12, 1916, in open grasslands: Cotabato District, Makar, Copeland s. n., December, 1911. This species is reported only from India. The identification of the - above specimens has been made entirely from the descriptions; they seem to conform more closely to the form described by Hasskarl as Polygala eumekes which Chodat has reduced to Polygala elongata Klein as forma heyneana (Wall.) Chodat. HIPPOCRATEACEAE HIPPOCRATEA Linnaeus HIPPOCRATEA MEGALOCARPA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber ; foliis coriaceis, integris, ellipticis ia late ellipticis, apice rotundatis vel brevissime abrupte obtuseque acuminatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, distinctis; capsulis oblongo- ellipticis circiter 10 cm longis et 4 cm latis, seminibus 5. A seandent glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets terete, brownish. Leaves elliptic to broadly elliptic, entire, coriaceous, rather pale and slightly shining when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, 7 to 13 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide, apex rounded or very shortly and abruptly blunt-acuminate, base usually rounded ; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, reticulations lax; petioles stout, 8 to 10 mm long. XL, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 91 Capsules hard, flattened, oblong-elliptic, about 10 cm long and 4 cm wide, apex rounded, base obtuse, subequally narrowed at both ends, the valves pale, somewhat shining, more or less woody. Seeds 5 in each capsule, the seed proper 2 to 2.2 cm long, about 8 mm wide, brown, narrowed upward, compressed, the basal part a prominent, smooth submembranaceous wing attaining a length of 6 cm and a width of 2.7 cm. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For Bur. 24921 Mabesa, December 16, 1915, on dry ridges along the Puting Lupa trail, altitude about 177 meters. A characteristic species distinguishable by its elliptic entire leaves and its unusually large fruits. HIPPOCRATEA TRICHOPETALA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis dense subferrugineo-pubes- centibus exceptis glaber; ramis ramulisque teretibus, rubro- brunneis vel atro-brunneis; foliis ellipticis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis, in siccitate utrinque pallidis nitidisque, apice rotundatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque 6 vel 7, dis- tinctis; cymis axillaribus, pedunculatis, paucifloris, 2 ad 3 cm longis, floribus circiter 9 mm diametro, petalis oblongis, acutis, circiter 4.5 mm longis, extus dense puberulis, intus in 4 superiore parte perspicue pilosis; discus carnosus, circiter 2.5 mm dia- metro, apice densissime pilosus. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, smooth, dark-brown or reddish-brown. Leaves elliptic, pale and shining on both sur- faces when dry, 6 to 10 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, apex rounded, base acute, entire; primary nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations prominent on the lower surface; petioles about 5 mm long. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, peduncled, 2 to 3 cm long, all parts subferruginous- pubescent with short hairs or the peduncles glabrous, dichoto- -mously branched, the branches about 1 cm long. Flowers green, about 9 mm in diameter, the buds ellipsoid, rounded, their pedicels up to 6 mm in length. Calyx about 3 mm in diameter, short, the teeth 5, very short, acute. Petals oblong, outside densely puberulent, inside in the upper one-half and on the margins conspicuously and densely pilose with weak crisped hairs, acute, about 4.5 mm long. Disk fleshy, 2.56 mm in diam- eter, about 1.5 mm high, glabrous on the sides, the margin densely pilose with crisped hairs. Stamens 3, the filaments very broad, short, the anthers about 1 mm in diameter. Ovary ovoid, 22 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 sunk in the disk, glabrous, triangular, 3-celled, the stigma sub- sessile, minutely 3-lobed. Fruits unknown. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 28958 Ramos & Edano, June 2, 1917, in forests along the Umiray River. This most characteristic species is readily distinguished by its pale elliptic, rounded leaves and especially by its petals being conspicuously pilose in the upper one-half inside, the hairs about 1 mm long. In its petal characters it is very similar to Hippocratea cumingti Laws., which must be typified by the Malacca specimen cited (Griffith) to which the description applies; the Philippine specimen, Cuming 1725 from Samar, is not cited by Lawson in the original description and may or may not represent the same species as the Malacca one. SALACIA Linnaeus SALACIA EUPHLEBIA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis teretibus, junioribus obscure angulatis; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 15 cm longis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, apice acuminatis, margine distanter apiculato-serrulatis ; nervis utrinque circiter 9, subtus prominentibus, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis, distinc- tis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, quam petiolo breviori- bus, depauperato-cymosis vel floribus fasciculatis; floribus 5- meris, circiter 3 mm longis, breviter pedicellatis. A scandent glabrous shrub at least 3 m high, the branches pale-brownish or grayish, terete, or the younger ones obscurely angled, often pruinose. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, oblong, olivaceous, shining, of the same color on both surfaces, 9 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, base acute to somewhat rounded, apex distinctly acuminate, margins distantly apiculate-serrulate; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, spreading, somewhat curved-anastomosing, the primary reticulations distinct; petioles 5 to 8 mm long. In- florescences axillary, solitary, very few-flowered, depauperate- cymose, the rachis once forked, or simple, very short, supplied with small bracts, or sometimes the inflorescence reduced to a fascicle; when a depauperate cyme but from 1 to 3 flowers pro- duced at one time. Pedicels about 1 mm long. Flowers 5- merous, oblong, about 3 mm long. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, rounded, about 1 mm long and wide. Petals oblong, rounded, about 2.8 mm long. Disk prominent, cylindric, enclosing the ovary, about 1 mm high. Filaments flattened, 0.8 mm long. MINDANAO, Surigao Province, Placer, Wenzel 1867, July 4, 1916, in forests, altitude about 150 meters, the flowers greenish-yellow. ; A species well characterized by its oblong, apiculate-denticulate, promi- nently nerved leaves, its greatly reduced inflorescences, and short-pedicelled XU, C, 1 _ Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 23 flowers. It alliance is apparently with Salacia subscandens Elm. of Pa- lawan. SALACIA WENZELI! sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis oppositis, coriaceis, oblongo- ellipticis ad ellipticis, integris, usque ad 14 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi subrotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, subtus prominentibus, curvato-adscendentibus; inflorescentiis breviter pedunculatis, umbellatis vel depauperato umbellato-cymosis; floribus circiter 6.5 mm diametro, calycibus truncatis. A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches terete. Leaves op- posite, coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, brownish to olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, 10 to 14 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, entire, apex rather prominently but obtusely acuminate, base rounded to subacute; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side. of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations fine, rather close, distinct ; petioles 1 cm long or less. Inflorescences solitary, axillary, of short pe- duncled umbels or of depauperate umbellate cymes, the peduncles shorter than the petioles, the flowers green, numerous, crowded, 6 to 7 mm in diameter, their pedicels up to 8 mm in length, ' grouped in fascicles on the peduncle or its very greatly reduced, short, stout branchlets. Calyx somewhat saucer-shaped, trun- _ cate, about 3 mm in diameter, not toothed. Petals 5, oblong- ovate, obtuse, 3.5 to 4 mm long. Stamens 3, about 2 mm long. Ovary and style slightly 3-angled. Disk very prominent. LEYTE, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1534, July 18, 1915, a vine reach- ing a height of about 4 meters. Readily distinguished from the other Philippine forms by its densely many-flowered, short-peduncled, umbellate or depauperate cymose-umbel- late inflorescences, the peduncles shorter than the petioles, the flowers arranged in fascicles on the peduncle or on its very short stout branchlets, appearing like a true umbel. The very young fruits are ovoid. SAPINDACEAE NEPHELIUM Linnaeus NEPHELIUM SCHNEIDERI sp. nov. Species N. mutabile et N. intermedio affinis, differt nervis late- -yalibus magis numerosis, utrinque circiter 18. Arbor usque ad 9 m alta, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis 25 ad 35 cm longis, foliolis 5 vel 7, oblongis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nitidis, subtus subglauces- centibus, nervis utrinque circiter 18, perspicuis; fructibus glo- bosis, circiter 3 em diametro, in siccitate castaneis, processibus 24 The Philippine Journal of Science — 1918 subrectis, subtruncatis, compressis, rigidis, sulcatis, circiter 6 mm longis. A tree about 9 m high, glabrous except the younger parts and the inflorescence. Branches subterete, pale-grayish, often sul- cate. Leaves 25 to 35 cm long, glabrous, the leafiets 5 or 7, oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, 16 to 20 cm long, 5.5 to 8 cm wide, distinctly acuminate, base acute, when dry pale- brownish to pale-olivaceous, shining, the lower surface paler than the upper and usually slightly glaucous; lateral nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations dis- tinct. Panicles terminal, densely subferruginous-pubescent, the branches few, up to 7 cm in length. Buds rather densely crowded, globose; petals ovate, minute. Fruits globose, pale greenish-yellow when fresh, castaneous when dry, 3 cm in dia- meter, the spines numerous, spreading, straight or slightly falcate, compressed, striate, subtruncate, about 6 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. . Muinpanao, Zamboanga District, Talisay, For. Bur. 18775 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, June 18, 1913 (type), in the virgin forest, altitude about 20 meters, locally known as buli. The same species is represented . by For. Bur. 24052 Acuna from Kalambugan, Lanao District, Mindanao, May 17, 1915, with immature flowers. Its alliance is with Nepheliwum mutabile Blume and N. intermedium Radlk., the latter being scarcely distinguishable from the former; from these it is distinguished especially by its much more numerous lateral nerves. The species is dedicated to Mr. E. E. Schneider, wood expert of the Bureau of Forestry, who called my attention to the fact that the wood of this species was entirely different from that of Nephelium muta- - bile Blume as the type specimen was originally identified by me. OTOPHORA Blume OTOPHORA CAULIFLORA Sp. nov. Frutex glaber; foliis circiter 40 cm longis, foliolis 5 aa 6, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 25 cm longis, nitidis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 10; stipulis suborbicularis, subcoriaceis, inaequilateralibus, 1 ad 2 cm longis; inflorescentiis paniculatis e ramis vetustioribus, cir- citer 20 cm longis, anguste pyramidatis, ramis paucis, inferiori- bus 3 ad 4 cm longis; fructibus carnosis, subglobosis, 3 ad 4 em diametro, in siccitate brunneis, 2 ad 3 cm diametro. A glabrous shrub, 1 m high according to the collector, but probably higher. Branches terete, brownish or grayish, lenti- cellate. Leaves about 40 cm long, the leaflets 5 or 6, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, or the lower. ones subovate, 15 to 25 cm long, 7 to 9 cm wide, base acute, apex XIII, ©, 1 _ Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII - 5) acuminate, pale when dry, of about the same color and shining on both surfaces; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations prominent on both surfaces; stipules suborbicular, 1 to 2 cm long, similar to the leaves in texture and color, inequilateral, very _shortly obtuse-acuminate or obtuse. Panicles from the trunk or larger branches, narrowly pyramidal, about 20 cm long, the branches few, spreading, the lower ones 3 to 4cm long. Fruits fleshy, white or somewhat pink when fresh and 3 to 4 cm in diameter, when dry subglobose, 2 to 3 cm in diameter, brown, with one or two large, castaneous, shining seeds 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter. LUZON, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28533, 28516 (type) Ramos & Edawo, May 8 and 19, 1917, in forests along streams at low altitude. This species is allied to Otophora fruticosa Blume, but is readily dis- tinguished, among other characters, by its very much larger fruits. _ RHAMNACEAE VENTILAGO Gaertner VENTILAGO BRUNNEA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis in sic- . citate brunneis, utrinque concoloribus, nitidis, oblongis, usque ad - 20 em longis, subcoriaceis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, apice latissime acuminatis et obtusis vel leviter retusis, nervis utrinque circiter 9; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque, subfer- rugineo-pubescentibus, simplex vel e basi parce ramosis, usque ad 13 cm longis; floribus numerosis, fasciculatis, breviter pedicel- latis, 3 ad 4 mm diametro, petalis obovatis, retusis, circiter 1 mm longis. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches and branchlets dark-brown, terete, smooth. Leaflets uniformly brown and shining on both surfaces when dry, subcoriaceous or firmly chartaceous, oblong, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, . base rounded to subacute, narrowed upward to the very broadly acuminate apex, the acumen rounded or slightly retuse and 3 to 5 mm wide at the tip; primary lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, obscurely anastomosing close to the margin, the reticulations dense; petioles brown, 3 mm long or less. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, simple or branched from the base, the branches few, up to 13 cm in length, all parts uniformly pubescent with short, subferruginous or sometimes cinereous hairs. Flowers yellowish-white, numerous, 26 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 fascicled along the branches, 3 to 10 in a fascicle, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, their pedicels pubescent, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Calyx dark-brown when dry, externally slightly pubescent, the lobes broadly triangular, acute, 1.5 mm wide at the base, 1.2 mm long. Petals membranaceous, obovate, retuse, 1 mm long. Disk about 2 mm in diameter; styles 2, very short. Fruits unknown, the very young ones when 1 cm long or less very slightly pubescent, apparently soon entirely glabrous. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray River, Bur. Sci. 29053 Ramos & Edafo, June 8, 1917, in forests along the Umiray River at low altitudes. This species is manifestly allied to Ventilago dichotoma (Blanco) Merr., . from which it is readily distinguished by its much larger leaves. VITACEAE TETRASTIGMA Planchon TETRASTIGMA CORNICULATUM sp. nov. Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis et stipulis exceptis glaber; foliis pedatim 5-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, acuminatis, basi subrotundatis, usque ad 9 cm longis grosse serrato-dentatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6; inflorescentiis pedunculatis, subcorymboso-umbellatis, usque ad 5 cm longis, multifloris; sepalis lanceolatis, acuminatis, petalis extus pubescentibus, circiter 4 mm longis, apice prominente acuminato-corniculatis. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the stipules and the infiores- cences, the branches subterete, brown when dry. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate, their petioles up to 10 cm long; stipules inequilateral, oblong-ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, up to 1 cm long, externally densely ferruginous-puberulent; leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, slightly shining when dry, suboli- vaceous, 6 to 9 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, base usually rounded, often inequilateral, apex rather prominently acuminate, margins rather coarsely serrate-dentate; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, slendcr, distinct; petiolules usually about 1 cm long. Inflorescences in the upper axils, peduncled, umbellate- corymbose, cinereous-puberulent, many flowered. Flowers greenish, umbellately arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels cinereous-puberulent, 5 to 6 mm long. Sepals 4, lan- ceolate, pubescent, acuminate, about 1 mm long. Petals oblong- lanceolate, externally rather densely cinereous-puberulent, 4 mm long, prominently acuminate-corniculate, the apical appendage somewhat spreading. Filaments about 2 mm long. Female flowers not seen. ee XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 27 ‘LEYTE, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1240, May, 1915, a vine with greenish flowers, reaching a height of about 10 meters. A species well characterized by its prominently corniculate, pubescent petals, in vegetative characters resembling Tetrastigma sepulchrei Merr., but apparently not closely allied to that species. ELAEOCARPACEAE ELAEOCARPUS Linnaeus ELAEOCARPUS BONTOCENSIS sp. nov. § Dicera. Arbor circiter 8 m alta, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra; foliis coriaceis, nitidis, elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 7 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis, margine crenato-serrulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, axillis glandulosis; racemis leviter pubes- centibus, axillaribus, solitariis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 4- et 5-meris, parvis; petalis margine parcissime ciliatis, apice breviter laceratis; staminibus 20, obtusis, haud ciliatis; ovario 3-locellato, puberulo. A tree about 8 m high, glabrous except the very young parts and the sparingly pubescent racemes. Branches terete, reddish- brown, rather slender, the tips of the branchlets more or less appressed-pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, coriaceous, rather pale when dry, shining, 4 to 7 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and short, blunt-acuminate apex, margins distinctly crenate-serrate ; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, their axils glandular, retic- ulations slender, rather lax; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, short, few-flowered, 1 to 2 cm long, sparingly pubescent. Flowers small, 4-.and 5-merous, their pedicels about 4 mm long. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute, slightly pubescent, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide. Petals oblong-obovate to obovate, about 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, margins and surface inside in the lower part very sparingly ciliate with slender, white hairs, the apical 1 to 1.5 mm cut into 10 to 12 narrow divisions, none of these more than 1 mm in length. Stamens 20, 2 to 2.5 mm long, the filaments short, the anthers narrow, obtuse, scabrid, the cells equal, not awned or ciliate. Disk gray-puberulent. Ovary ovoid, densely gray-puberulent, 3-celled; style puberulent, about 2 mm long. Luzon, Bontoe Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 3892, January, 1914, in forests, altitude about 1,700 meters, the flowers pink. A species well characterized by its very short, few-flowered racemes; 4- and 5-merous, small flowers; its very short petal-segments, very sparingly ciliate petals; and obtuse, not at all awned or ciliate anthers. 28 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ELAEOCARPUS SURIGAENSIS sp. nov. § Dicera. Arbor circiter 20 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 23 cm longis, longe petiolatis, in siccitate brunneo-olivaceis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, in- terdum distincte inaequilateralibus, margin minute distanter cuspidato-denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, distinctis; racemis axillaribus, usque ad 11 cm longis, laxis, paucifloris, griseo-pubescentibus; floribus 5- vel 6-meris, circiter 7 mm longis, sepalis petalisque extus uniformiter adpresse cinereo- pubescentibus ; petalis fimbriatis, staminibus circiter 20, antheris 2.5 ad 3.5 mm longis, muticis ; ovario dense pubescente, 3-loculare. A tree about 20 m high, entirely glabrous except the cinereous- pubescent inflorescence. Branches terete, brownish, rugose, the ultimate ones somewhat thickened, 5 to 10 mm in diameter, the petiolar scars rather prominent. Leaves alternate, oblong, co- riaceous, brownish-olivaceous when dry, 17 to 23 cm long, 7.5 to 10 em wide, subequally narrowed to the shortly acuminate apex and to the acute base, the base sometimes distinctly inequilateral, the margins distantly and obscurely cuspidate-denticulate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anasto- mosing, the reticulations rather close, distinct; petioles 2.5 to 6 cm in length. Racemes axillary, solitary, rather numerous, 9 to 11 cm long, rather lax, few-flowered, all parts uniformly appressed cinereous-pubescent, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm long, the subtending bracteoles oblong to lanceolate, 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers 5- and 6-merous, yellow, fragrant, perfect, about 7 mm long. Sepals lanceolate, narrowed upward, acute, about 7 mm long, outside uniformly appressed cinereous-pubescent, inside glabrous in the lower one-half, sparingly pubescent above. Petals equaling the sepals in length, oblong, slightly narrowed below, outside uniformly appressed-pubescent, inside along the median portion and margins densely pubescent, slightly so else- where, the upper 2 to 3 mm cut into about 15 slender fimbriae. Stamens about 20, their filaments 1.5 to 2 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, scabrid, 2.5 to 3.5 mm long, one cell slightly exceeding the other, the tip slightly projecting, not awned. Ovary ovoid, densely pubescent, 3-celled ; style pubescent near the base, glabrous above, about 4 mm long. MINDANAO, Surigao Province, near Mabini, For. Bur. 26000 Ponce, May 11, 1916, in level rich soil at the edge of the forest, altitude about 50 meters, locally known as yagao-yagao. In general appearance this species somewhat resembles Elaeocarpus octopetalus Merr. and E. leytensis Merr. but belongs in a different section XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 29 of the genus than either of the above. It does not appear to be closely allied to any previously described Philippine form. ELAEOCARPUS MONOCERA Cav. Je. 6-(1801) 1, t. 501. Elaeocarpus megacarpa Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7 (1915) 2627. This species, a very characteristic one, is widely distributed in the Phil- ippines. The type material, on which Cavanilles’s description and figure were based was from Los Bafios and Jala-jala, Luzon, points on opposite sides of Lake Bay. -I can see absolutely no reason for distinguishing Elaeocarpus megacarpa Elm. from EF. monocera Cav. The species is rep- resented by the following specimens: . Luzon, Cagayan Province, Aparri, For. Bur. 23687 Bernardo, locally known to the Negritos as tabian; For. Bur. 17916 Bernardo, locally known to the Ilocanos as panulauen (specimen erroneously localized as from Isa- bela Province on the herbarium label): Rizal Province, Phil. Pl. 1051 Merrill: Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20564 Ramos; Los Bafios and Mount Magquiling, Calycosa s. n., For. Bur. 20484, 22921 Viliamil, For. Bur. 13150 Curran: Bataan Province, For. Bur. 1754, 1804 Borden: Tayabas Province, Merrill 1993: Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21142 Mi- randa, known to the Bicol’s as opong-opong. SAMAR, Palapag, Bur. Sci. 24451 Ramos, known to the Visayans as upong-upong. MINDANAO, Agusan Province, Elmer 14059 (type of Elaeocarpus megacarpa Elm.). * — MALVACEAE ABELMOSCHUS Medikus ABELMOSCHUS VANOVERBERGHII sp. nov. Herba erecta, usque ad 60 cm alta, hispido-hirsuta, leviter ramosa, e basi valde incrassata; foliis palmatim 5- vel 7-lobatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, lobis oblongo-ovatis ad lineari-lanceolatis, grosse serratis; floribus circiter 4 cm longis, flavis, calycibus _spathaceis, circiter 2 cm longis, hirsutis, bracteis 10, linearis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, ciliato-hirsutis; capsulis ovoideis vel sub- ellipsoideis, dense hispido-hirsutis, obtusis, circiter 3 cm longis. An erect, somewhat branched perennial herb from a much thickened underground base, the branches up to 60 cm in length, these, the branchlets, leaves and bracts prominently hispid- hirsute with spreading, stiff, rather pale hairs. Leaves variable, 4 to 9 em long, palmately 5- or 7-lobed, the lobes oblong ovate and extending half-way to the base to linear-lanceolate and extending nearly to the base, all acute or somewhat acuminate and rather coarsely toothed, scabrid, somewhat hispid-hirsute on both surfaces; petioles 2 to 6 cm long. Flowers yellow, with dark-purple or brown spots at the base of the petals, several on each branch but only one or two opening at one time. Calyx spathaceous, deciduous, about 2 cm long, shortsappressed-hirsute, grayish when dry, with short narrow lobes.at the apex. Corolla about 4 cm long, campanulate. Bracts 10, linear, prominently 30 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 hirsute with spreading hairs, about 1.5 cm long. Capsules ovoid to subellipsoid, obtuse, about 3 cm long and 2 cm in diameter, externally densely hirsute with stiff, spreading, pale hairs. Seeds not at all musky. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Bolster 122, July, 1905, For. Bur. 16498 Bacani, January, 1909, Bur. Sci. 7839 Ramos, April, 1909: Lepanto District, near Cervantes, Merrill 4480, November, 1905; Bontoc Subprovince, Vano- verbergh 879, 1221 (type), October and May, 1911. This species grows in open grasslands, and is characterized by its thickened, woody, underground base; it is manifestly a perennial plant, differing in this character from A. moschatus to which it is evidently allied. It is very closely allied to Abelmoschus sagittifolius Kurz, which Hoch- reutiner has reduced to A. abelmoschus, but has smaller flowers which are yellow, not at all pink or red, and differently shaped leaves. © HIBISCUS Linnaeus HIBISCUS VITIFOLIUS Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 696; Mast. in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 338. Luzon, Union Province, San Fernando, R. Lete 117, 144, July and August, 1916, locally known as mapua. Not previously reported from the Philippines; tropical Africa and Asia to tropical Australia. SIDA Linnaeus SIDA LONGISTIPULA sp. nov. Herba annua, prostrata, caulis numerosis, usque ad 20 cm longis, simplex vel rariter ramosis, ciliato-pilosis ; foliis oblongis, usque ad 1.8 cm longis, basi cordatis, 3-nerviis, apice obtusis, in 4 vel 4 superiore parte prominente serratis; stipulis linearis vel lineari-spatulatis, circiter 1 cm longis; fioribus breviter pedicel- latis, axillaribus, plerumque ad apicem ramulorum confertis; calycibus teretibus, haud angulatis vel costatis, 5-lobatis, extus pubescentibus pilosisque, 6 ad 7 mm longis; carpellis 5 ad 8, prominente muricatis, facies interioribus prominente reticulatis, brevissime biaristatis. : An annual herb, the stems numerous, tufted from the apex of the stout perpendicular root, prostrate, spreading, all parts more or less pubescent with sparingly stellate, long, white ciliate- pilose hairs, the stems up to 20 cm in length, simple, rarely branched. Leaves oblong, 1 to 1.8 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide, long petioled, base cordate, 3-nerved, apex obtuse, in the upper one-half or one-third prominently serrate, the upper surface glabrous, the lower more or less stellate-pilose, the margins sparingly ciliate; getioles up to 1 cm in length, sparingly ciliate- pilose; stipules linear or linear-spatulate, about 1 cm long. Flowers mostly crowded at the apices of the stems, forming a XII, C,1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 31 subcapitate leafy inflorescence, sometimes solitary ones in the lower axils, their pedicels not jointed, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx 6 to 7 mm long, terete, not ribbed or angled, rather densely cinereous-pubescent and with long, white, ciliate hairs inter- mixed, the lobes 5, oblong-ovate, acute, 4 to 5 mm long. Corolla- lobes 5 to 6 mm long, oblong-obovate, obtuse, the tube very short. Stamens about 18, the tube about 1.5 mm long. Ovary depressed about 8-celled; styles 8, about 3 mm long; stigmas capitate. Mature carpels 5 to 8, prominently muricate, 3 to 4 mm long, the projections with a minute tuft of hairs at the tips, the inner faces very prominently reticulate, the apex biaristate, the awns 1 mm long or less. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui and Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27445 (type), 27811, 27492 Ramos, February and March, 1917, in dry open places at low altitudes. The relationship of this strongly marked species is apparently with the Australian Sida subspicata F. Muell., but it is not closely allied to that species. It is well characterized by its tufted, simple stems, its long petioled, oblong, 3-nerved, cordate, small leaves ‘which are prominently toothed in the upper part; its long stipules; its crowded flowers which form a dense, subcapitate, leafy inflorescence; and its prominently muri- cate, short-awned carpels which are strongly reticulate on the inner faces. DILLENIACEAE SAURAUIA Willdenow SAURAUIA ALVAREZII sp. nov. Arbor circiter 6 m alta prominente patule setosis, foliis sub- coriaceis, oblongis ad elliptico-oblongis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acutis vel breviter acuminatis, basi obtusis, margine irregulari- ter spinuloso-serratis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, prominentibus, supra olivaceis, subtus pallidis, costa nervisque utrinque setosis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, longe pedicellatis, pedicellis sub fructu 2 ad 4 cm longis, densissime patule setosis; sepalis 12 ad 14 mm longis, densissime setosis; fructibus 4-locellatis, circiter 12 mm longis, puberulis. A tree about 6 m high, all parts prominently setose, the setae pale-brownish, rather soft, spreading, thickened below, slenderly acuminate and minutely puberulent. Branches brown, terete, the _ branchlets very uniformly and densely setose. Leaves alternate, subcoriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, 11 to 20 em long, 5 to 8 cm wide, the upper surface dark-olivaceous, the lower pale, apex acute to acuminate, base obtuse, margins irregularly. spin- ulose-serrate, midrib on the upper surface spinulose-setose, the epidermis with widely scattered similar hairs, the lower 99 The Philippine Journal of Science —o surface with much more numerous setae; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations prominent; petioles densely setose, 1.5 to 2.5 em long. Flowers axillary, solitary, the pedicels and the sepals externally very densely setose, the pedicels, in fruit, 2 to 4 cm long, often with one or two scars at about the middle. Sepals subcoriaceous, elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, or the inner ones obovate, 12 to 14 mm long, very densely setose, glabrous inside, the marginal parts of the inner ones thinner, mostly acute. Fruit capsular, about 12 mm long, subellipsoid, 4-celled, ex- ternally puberulent, dehiscing in the upper part only. MINDANAO, Lanao District, Lanao-Cotabato trail, For. Bur. 25202 Alva- rez, March 21, 1916, in dipterocarp forests, altitude about 1,000 meters, locally known as carimog. A very characteristic species, distinguishable by its long-pedicelled, rather large flowers; its dense indumentum which consists of pale-brownish, spreading, acuminate, rather soft setae, the setae themselves puberulent; and its capsular fruits. SAURAUIA BICOLOR sp. nov. Frutex circiter 2 m altus vix setosus, subtus foliis et inflor- escentiis densissime cinnamomeo-pubescentibus; foliis chartaceis, oblongis ad oblanceolatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine perspicue subglanduloso-denticulatis, supra laevis, glabris, atro-brunneis vel atro-olivaceis, subtus cinna- momeis, nervis utrinqgue 13 ad 15, perspicuis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, brevibus, paucifioris vel 1-floris, floribus pro ratione magnis, sepalis suborbicularibus, circiter 1 cm diametro, petalis circiter 14 mm longis; ovario dense pubescente, stylis 4, glabris, circiter 8 mm longis, ad basim connatis. A shrub about 2 m high, the younger branchlets, petioles, in- florescences, and lower surface of the leaves very densely cinna- momeous-pubescent, the indumentum felted. Branches terete, dark reddish-brown, glabrous, the branchlets and petioles with few, widely scattered, appressed, oblong-ovate scales 2 mm long or less. Leaves chartaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, 11 to 20 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, narrowed below to the cuneate base, the apex shortly and sharply acuminate, the margins, except at the base, conspicuously denticulate with somewhat spreading, oblong-obtuse, gland-like teeth about 1 mm in length, the upper ° surface smooth, glabrous, or when young sparingly puberulent, dark-brown or dark-olivaceous, in striking contrast to the densely cinnamomeous-pubescent lower surface where the indumentum is closely felted; lateral nerves 13 to 15 on each side of the XI, O,1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII - 83 midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, the reticulations slender; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, the younger ones densely cinnamo- meous-pubescent, the older ones glabrous. Inflorescences axil- lary, few-flowered, sometimes only 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles, the bracts oblong, obtuse, 5 to6 mm long. Petals about 10 mm in diameter, rounded, suborbicular, outside very densely felted-pubescent. Petals broadly obovate about 14 mm long, retuse. Ovary densely pubescent; styles 4, glabrous, 8 mm long, united for the lower 1.5 mm. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28785 Ramos & Edatio, May 12, 1917, on forested ridges. A most characteristic species, its indumentum similar to Saurauia mindorensis Merr., but otherwise not at all closely allied to that species. It is otherwise well characterized by being non-setose, the few scales on the branchlets and petioles being closely appressed. SAURAUIA GLABRIFOLIA sp. nov. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, glaber vel ramulis junioribus par- cissime furfuraceis; foliis in siccitate viridis, nitidis, subcoria- ceis, usque ad 18 em longis, oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, acute acuminatis, basi acutis, margine irregulariter glanduloso-serru- latis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, utrinque prominentibus, obscure anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis, obscuris; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel depauperato-fasciculatis, longe pedicellatis, circiter 13 mm diametro, sepalis margine leviter ciliatis exceptis glabris ; ovario glabro; stylis 3, liberis. A shrub about 3 m high, the younger branchlets usually with few, scattered, closely appressed, rather prominent ovate or orbicular scales less than 1 mm in diameter, otherwise entirely glabrous except the ciliate margins of the sepals. Branches reddish-brown, terete, smooth, the branchlets of the same color, somewhat angular when dry. Leaves alternate, subcoriaceous, greenish when dry, shining, oblong to oblong-obovate, 13 to 18 em long, 5 to 7 cm wide, the apex prominently and sharply acuminate, the base acute, the margins irregularly glandular- denticulate; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, curved, rather prominent on both surfaces, obscurely anastomos- ing, the reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Flowers white, axillary, solitary or in depauperate fascicles of two or three flowers each, their pedicels slender, up to 1.5 cm in length. Sepals 5, equal, elliptic, rounded, 6 mm long, their margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Petals 5, oblong-obovate, about 7 mm long, the apex prominently inequilateral, retuse. Stamens about 20, their anthers about 2 mm long. Ovary glo- bose, glabrous; styles 3, free to the base, about 5 mm long. 153049-——3 : 34 ‘The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 MINDANAO, Surigao Province, Placer, Wenzel 1866, July 4, 1916, in forests, altitude about 150 meters. A strongly marked species, well characterized by its entirely glabrous leaves and slenderly pedicelled flowers. The almost entire absence of in- dumentum of any type is rather remarkable, as most of the Indo-Malayan species of the genus are prominently pubescent, setose, or ciliate. In the present species the indumentum is reduced to small, widely scattered, closely appressed scales, and these only on the younger parts of the plant. FLACOURTIACEAE CASEARIA Linnaeus CASEARIA EUPHLEBIA sp. nov. Frutex glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis. integris, . chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 13 cm longis, acuminatis, basi subacutis ad rotundatis, aequilateralibus vel leviter inaequilateralibus, distincte pellucido- punctatis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, subtus valde prominentibus ; floribus axillaribus, solitariis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 4 mm longis, filamentis cum staminoideis adnatis. A glabrous shrub about 2 m high, the branches pale-grayish, somewhat shining, wrinkled when dry, slender, terete. Leaves greenish-olivaceous and somewhat shining when dry, firmly char- taceous to subcoriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 6 to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, entire, apex distinctly acuminate, base equilateral or somewhat inaequilateral, subacute to rounded, in transmitted light distinctly and minutely pellucid-punctate and with scattered, elongated, larger, translucent dashes; lateral nerves 7 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, rather fine; petioles 3 to 5 mm in length. Flowers solitary, axillary, their pedicels 2 to 2.5mm long. Sepals somewhat punc- ticulate, elliptic, rounded, about 4mm long. Staminodes oblong, about 1.5 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, obtuse or truncate and slightly pubescent at the apex, the anthers oblong, 0.7 mm in length. Ovary glabrous. Young fruit red, oblong, obtuse, about 1.5 cm long. : Leyte, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1503, June 3, 1915. A species well characterized by its distinctly pellucid-puncticulate, prominently nerved, entire leaves, and its solitary flowers. CASEARIA CONFERTIFLORA sp. nov. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, ramulis et floribus et subtus foliis molliter pubescentibus; foliis inaequilateralibus, ovatis ad late oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acum- inatis, margine crenatis, basi late oblique subtruncatis, nervis XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 85 utrinque circiter 6; floribus numerosissimis, axillaribus, fasci- culatis, dense confertis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 4 mm longis; filamentis 1.5 ad 2 mm longis, glabris, staminoideis li- beris, oblongis, sursum villosis; ovario pubescente. A species closely allied to Casearia cinerea Turcz. and C. grewiaefolia Vent., differing especially in its much fewer nerved leaves. A shrub bout 3 m high, the branchlets, lower surface of the leaves and the flowers rather densely and softly pubescent. Branches terete, glabrous, reddish-brown when dry, sparingly wrinkled and lenticellate, the branchlets densely subferruginous- to cinereous-pubescent. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate to broadly oblong-ovate, 8 to 11 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, pale-brownish when dry, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, margins promi- nenily crenate, base broadly and obliquely truncate, both sides rounded or one side rounded and the other acute, prominently inequilateral, subfalcate, the upper surface glabrous except the sparingly pubescent midrib, the lower surface softly pubescent especially on the midrib and lateral nerves; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, ob- scurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles rather densely pubescent, 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers yellowish, about 4 mm long, very numerous, crowded in subglobose, dense, axillary fascicles, 30 to 50 in a fascicle, their pedicels densely pubescent, 3to4mm long. Perianth-segments 5, elliptic-oblong, densely pubescent, obtuse. Stamens 10; filaments 1.5 to 2 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong-ovate, 1 mm long; staminodes oblong, obtuse, 1.5 mm long, free, glabrous below, villous in the upper one-half. Ovary ovoid, pubescent; style very short; stig- ma capitate. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27442 Ramos, in dry thickets at low altitudes, locally known to the Ilocanos as boyboyoc. This species is manifestly very closely allied to Casearia cinerea Turcz., differing especially in its distinctly fewer nerved leaves: and its very num- erous, densely crowded flowers. HOMALIUM Jacquin HOMALIUM MULTIFLORUM sp. nov. § Blackwellia. ' Species H. loheri affinis, differt foliis minoribus, usque ad 8 cm longis, nervis paucioribus, utrinque circiter 6, bracteis oblon- go-ovatis, circiter 2 mm longis. A tree about 10 m high, the inflorescence prominently ciliate- pubescent with spreading pale or cinereous hairs, otherwise glabrous. Branches terete, reddish-brown, often somewhat glaucous, obscurely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous or subcoria- 36 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ceous, elliptic, shining, 6 to 8 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, sub- equally narrowed to the acute base and to the acute or obscurely acuminate apex, the margins distantly crenate-serrate; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles 5 to 7 mm long. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, the racemes forming large, leafy panicles, the individual racemes or branches mostly simple, up to 12 cm long, all parts more or less pubescent with spreading hairs. Flowers very numerous, 5-merous, about 6 mm in diameter, white, somewhat fascicled along the racemes, their pedicels jointed to the calyx, about 2.5 mm long, the subtending bracts oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, pubescent, 2 mm long. Calyx-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, 2 mm long. Sepals 5, narrowly oblong, ciliate, 2 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide. Petals 5, narrowly oblong-obovate to somewhat spatulate, ciliate, about 3 mm long. Stamens 1 opposite each petal, the filaments about 2 mm long, sparingly ciliate in the lower one-half. Ovary pubescent; styles 3 or 4, about 1.5 mm long, ciliate. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pakdal, For. Bur. 25155 Garcia (type), March 11, 1916, along small streams at an altitude of 1,500 meters; Tri- nidad, on limestone formation, For. Bur. 15933 Bacani, December 30, 1908, distributed as H. loheri Merr. _ Very closely allied to Homalium loheri Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its smaller, fewer nerved leaves. HOMALIUM PLATYPHYLLUM sp. nov. § Myriantheia. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis ellipticis, coriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis et 11 cm latis, integris, apice breviter abrupte obtuseque acuminatis, basi rotun- datis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, perspicuis; inflorescentiis dense cinereo-pubescentibus, laxis, multifloris, usque ad 20 cm longis, ramis elongatis; floribus 8-meris, petalis. subspatulatis, circiter 3 mm longis, quam sepalis longioribus; staminibus 16. A tree about 10 m high, glabrous except the rather densely cinereous-pubescent ample inflorescence. Branches _ terete, brownish. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, brownish or brownish- olivaceous and shining when dry, about 20 cm long and 11 cm wide, entire, base rounded, apex very shortly and obtusely acu- minate; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, pro- minent, reddish-brown on the lower surface when dry, curved- anastomosing, the reticulations slender, distinct; petioles stout, about 1 cm long. Inflorescence ample, paniculate, up to 20 cm in length, the ultimate branches 10 to 15 cm long, all parts — XIII, C,1 - ’ Merril: Philippine Plants, XLII 37 rather densely cinereous-pubescent. Pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Calyx-tube obconic, about 2 mm long, the lobes 8, linear, about 2 mm long, pubescent. Petals 8, somewhat spatulate, obtuse, cinereous-pubescent, ciliate on the margins, about-3 mm long. Stamens 16, two opposite each petal, their filaments glabrous, about 2 mm long. Ovary and style pubescent, the style-arms 4, about 1 mm long. LEYTE, Tigbao, near Tacloban, Wenzel 1525, July 15, 1915, the flowers green, ' A species manifestly allied to Homalium luzoniense F.-Vill., but with much larger, entire, and somewhat fewer nerved leavcs. HOMALIUM VILLOSUM sp. nov. § Myriantheia. Arbor circiter 15 m alta subtus foliis et ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis dense molliter villosis; foliis subcoriaceis, ellip- ticis, usque ad 8 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, perspicuis; inflorescentiis axillaribus terminalibusque, paniculatis, ramis elongatis, bracteis elliptico-ovatis, 3 ad 4 mm longis, membranaceis, villosis; floribus 6-meris, petalis sepalisque subaequalibus, villosis, circiter 2 mm longis, oblanceolatis; staminibus 18. A tree about 15 m high, the branchlets, inflorescence, and lower surface of the leaves densely and softly villous with pale hairs. Branches terete, brownish, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, subcoria- ceous, 5 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to 5. cm wide, pale when dry, the upper surface shining, glabrous except the puberulent midrib, apex shortly blunt-acuminate, base acute, margins distantly cren- ulate, the teeth in young leaves crowned with a tuft of hairs; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, curved; petioles densely villous, 2 to 3 mm long. Panicles terminal and axillary, the branches numerous, elong- ated, densely many-flowered, up to 10 cm long, the flowers 6-merous, scattered along the rachis, not fascicled, the villous pedicels 2 to 2.5 mm long, the bracts prominently ciliate, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, obtuse, 3 to 4mm long. Sepals 6, prominently . ciliate, oblanceolate, acute or subacute, about 2mm long. Petals similar to the sepals. Stamens three opposite each petal, their filaments about 1.4 mm long, sparingly ciliate at the base. Ovary villous ; styles 5 or 6, about 1 mm long, sparingly ciliate. _ Samar, near Catbalogan, For. Bur. 22748 Lasquety, August 2, 1914, on forested ridges, altitude about 200 meters, locally known as batu-batu. This specimen was originally determined as Homalium loheri Merr., but belongs in a different section of the genus than this species. It falls in the group with Homalium villarianum Vid., but is distinguished from 38 The Philippine Journal of Science : 1918 it and from the other Philippine species of the section Myriantheia by its indumentum. In its general appearance and its indumentum it resembles H. barandae Vid., but the latter belongs in the section Blackwellia. BEGONIACEAE BEGONIA Linnaeus BEGONIA CASTILLO! sp. nov. § Diploclinium. Herba parva, parcissime et longe ciliatis, repens, caulibus usque ad 10 em longis stipulis multis brunneis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis instructis; foliis suborbicularibus, aequilateralibus vel leviter inaequilateralibus, late rotundatis, basi cordatis, 3 ad 5 em longis, margine integris vel irregulariter denticulatis, ciliatis ; infiorescentiis tenuibus, paucifloris, 10 ad 12 cm longis; capsulis circiter 1 cm longis, 1 ad 1.4 cm latis, inaequaliter 3- alatis, suborbicularibus vel apice subtruncatis. A small herb, the stems up to 10 cm long, creeping, covered with numerous, brown, oblong to lanceolate, slenderly acuminate stipules which are up to 1 cm in length and above usually prominently long-ciliate. Leaves membranaceous, olivaceous- brownish when dry, suborbicular, 3 to 5 cm in diameter, equila- teral or somewhat inequilateral, apex broadly rounded, base pro- minently cordate, the lobes broad, rounded, equal or subequal, 9-nerved, the upper surface glabrous, the lower glabrous or with very few hairs on the nerves, the margins entire or denticulate, sparingly ciliate with long brown hairs; petioles slender, 2.5 to 5 em long, the younger ones ciliate with long, slender, brown hairs. Inflorescences slender, few-flowered, 10 to 12 cm long, glabrous or nearly so. Capsules unequally 3-winged, about 1 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, suborbicular, or the upper side of the broad wing truncate, this wing 7 to 9 mm wide, the other two about 2 mm wide. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Callao, near Pefia Blanca, Bur. Sci. 22723 Castillo, April 23, 1915, on cliffs along the river, altitude about 100 meters. The general alliance of this species is with Begonia nigritarum Steud., to which, however, it is not closely allied. Its distinguishing characters are its small, suborbicular, equilateral or nearly equilateral leaves. BEGONIA TAYABENSIS sp. nov. § Diploclinium. Herba subglabra, caulibus circiter 1 cm diametro, stipulis deciduis; foliis longe petiolatis, perspicue peltatis, suboblique ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi rotundatis, apice subacutis vel obtusis, margine subintegris, subtus valde reticulatis; inflorescentiis longissime pedunculatis, 25 ad 35 cm longis, dichotomis, laxis, paucifloris; floribus ¢ circiter 2 cm XII, ©, 2 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XII 89 diametro; capsulis circiter 1 cm longis et 1.8 cm latis, inaequi- lateraliter 3-alatis. A subglabrous herb, the stems creeping, reddish-brown when dry, about 1 cm in diameter, glabrous; stipules deciduous, broadly ovate, acuminate, sparingly ferruginous-ciliate, about 1 cm long. Leaves prominently peltate, the petiole inserted 2 to 4 cm from the base of the leaf, membranaceous, somewhat oblique, ovate to oblong-ovate, 15 to 20 cm long, 10 to 12 cm wide, base broadly rounded, apex acute or somewhat obtuse, margins subentire, not at all lobed, with a fringe of scattered, tooth-like, short cilia, both surfaces with widely scattered, short hairs, ultimately glabrous or nearly so; basal nerves radiate, about 9, prominent, the reticulations very prominent on the lower surface; petioles 12 to 15 cm long, glabrous or with very few, widely scattered, short hairs. Inflorescences 25 to 35 cm long, dichotomous, few- flowered, sparingly ciliate with short, pale, spreading, scattered hairs, the flower-bearing part about 10 ecm long. Staminate flowers white or slightly pink, about 2 cm in diameter, the sepals elliptic-ovate, rounded. Capsules about 1 cm long and 1.8 cm wide, base rounded, apex subtruncate, one wing very much larger than the other two and about 1 cm in width, the other two 3 to 4mm wide. . Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray River, Bur. Sci. 29054 Ramos & Edaito, June 3, 1917, on ledges and steep slopes in forests along the river. . This strongly characterized species is one of the few known represen- tatives of the section Diploclinium with peltate leaves. It is readily dis- tinguished from our peltate-leaved species, Begonia hernandioides Merr., ' B. rufipila Merr., and B. ELMERI Merr. [B. peltata Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 7 (1915) 2556, non A. DC., nec Hassk., nee Otto & Dietr.] by being nearly ‘ glabrous, the few, widely scattered hairs on the leaves and inflorescences scarcely exceeding 1 mm in length. BEGONIA APAYAOENSIS sp. nov. § Petermannia. Species B. brevipes Merr. similimis, differt floribus fructibus- que multo majoribus. Herba erecta, ramosa, usque ad 45 cm alta, perspicue ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis inaequilateraliter obovatis, in siccitate brunneis, brevissime petiolatis, usque ad 9 em longis, acuminatis, basi angustatis, oblique cordatis, margine grosse et irregulariter dentato-lobatis et denticulatis; inflores- centiis terminalibus, 3 ad 5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus ¢ 5-meris, sepalis late ovatis, obtusis, 13 mm longis; sepalis ¢ 2, @ similis; capsulis circiter 2 cm longis et latis, apice truncatis, deorsum angustatis et subacutis, aequaliter 3-alatis. An erect branched herb about 45 cm high, the lower parts of the stems terete, somewhat decumbent and rooting, dark-brown, 40 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 terete, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, ferruginous-hirsute, the younger branchlets rather densely ferruginous-hirsute as are the short petioles and nerves on the lower surface of the leaves. Leaves membranaceous, brown when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper, in general obovate, inequilateral, 7 to 9 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 em wide, apex acuminate, base narrowed and obliquely cordate, the wider lobe rounded the other acute, the margins irregularly and coarsely dentate-lobed and denticulate; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petioles 4 to 10 mm long; stipules membranaceous, 1 cm long or less, Inflorescences terminal, 3 to 5 cm long, few-flowered, the basal flower pistillate, the others staminate, the bracts membranaceous, _ oblong, acuminate, nearly 1cm long. Pistillate flowers 5-merous, the sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, about 13 mm long. Staminate flowers white, the sepals 2, similar to those of the pistillate flowers, the stamens numerous, crowded on an elongated axis about 5 mm in length. Capsules equally 3-winged, about 2 cm long and wide, apex truncate, narrowed below to the subacute base, the wings submembranaceous. Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Mount Sulu, Bur. Sci. 28408 Fénix, May 22, 1917, on rocky shaded slopes, altitude about 1,000 meters. This species resembles Begonia brevipes to which it is perhaps most closely allied. It is distinguished especially by its somewhat larger size, denser indumentum, and very much larger flowers and capsules. BEGONIA BINUANGENSIS sp. nov. _ Species B. wenzelii Mery. affinis, differt foliis majoribus, usque ad 8 cm longis, petiolis longioribus, capsulis turbinatis, 1.5 cm longis et 2 em latis. Herba scandens, ramosa, glabra, inter- nodiis 1.5 ad 3.5 em longis, ramis teretibus, circiter 4 mm diam- etro; foliis membranaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, apice acuminatis, margine irregulariter serrato-dentatis; sepalis ¢ orbicularibus, circiter 1 cm diametro; capsulis inaequaliter 3-alatis, apice truncatis, deorsum angus- tatis. A scandent, glabrous, branched herb, rooting at some of the nodes, the stems and main branches terete, about 4 mm thick, brown, the branchlets more slender, the internodes 1.5 to 3 cm long. Leaves when dry membranaceous, olivaceous, somewhat shining, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, somewhat inequilateral, base rounded or obtuse, narrowed above to the acuminate apex, margins irregularly serrate-dentate, the basal nerves 5 or 7, slender, ascending; petioles 1 to 3 cm long. Inflorescences terminal or in the uppermost axils, 3 to 4 cm long, few-flowered. Staminate flowers white, the sepals 2, , XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 4] orbicular, about 1 cm in diameter. Capsules turbinate, some- what unequally 3-winged, about 1.5 cm long and 2 cm wide, the apex truncate or subtruncate, narrowed below to the sub- acute base. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28812 Ramos & Edafio, May 11, 1917, climbing on tree trunks in damp forests near the -summit of the mountain, altitude apparently about 1,000 meters. This characteristic species, belonging in the group with Begonia aequata A. Gray, is most closely allied to Begonia wenzelii Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its larger, differently shaped, longer petioled leaves and distinctly larger capsules. BEGONIA CAUDATA sp. nov. Herba scandens, glabra, usque ad 3 m longa; foliis in siccitate membranaceis, longissime petiolatis, subolivaceis, nitidis, ovatis ad subellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi inaequilateraliter cordatis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, margine obscure undulatis et distanter denticulatis; inflorescen- tiis 40 ad 50 cm longis, axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, dichoto- mis, laxis; floribus ¢ circiter 25 mm diametro; capsulis 2 cm longis et 3 cm latis, alis valde inaequalibus, 2 circiter 4 mm latis, ala tertia membranacea, circiter 2 cm lata. A glabrous scandent herb climbing on tree trunks to a height of 3 m, entirely glabrous, the stems 5 to 6 mm in diameter when dry, the internodes 4 to 6 cm long and with numerous roots. Leaves membranaceous, subolivaceous and shining when dry, ovate to subelliptic or oblong-elliptic, 14 te 20 cm long, 8 to 9 em wide, base somewhat inequilateral, prominently cordate, palmately 7- or 9-nerved, apex rather abruptly and slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen 1 to 2 cm long, margins slightly undulate or nearly entire, sometimes with widely scattered, small, obscure teeth, the lateral nerves above the base usually two on each side of the midrib; petioles stout, 10 to 17 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, the peduncles stout, glabrous, up to 40 cm in length, the cymes dichotomous, lax, 15 cm wide or more. | Staminate flowers pink, the sepals suborbicular, about 13 mm long, rounded. Capsules about 2 cm long, very unequally 3- winged, one wing membranaceous, about 2 cm wide, the other ‘two about 4 mm wide. Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Mount Sulu, Bur. Sci. 28414 Féniz, May 22, 1917, on rocky slopes in damp forests, altitude apparently above 800 meters. This most characteristic species is readily recognized by its habit, its long-petioled, subentire, caudate-acuminate leaves, and its very long in- florescences. It apparently belongs in the same group as Begonia ozy- sperma A. DC., but is entirely different from that species in its vegetative 42 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 characters, and is equally distinct from the scandent Begonia megacarpa Merr. : CORNACEAE MASTIXIA Blume MASTIXIA TETRAPETALA sp. nov. § Tetramastixia. Arbor parva, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis numerosis, confertis, alternis, oblongis ad oblanceolatis, coriaceis, usque ad 8 cm longis, pallide olivaceis, nitidis, apice obtusis ad leviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque 6 ad 7, distinctis; paniculis terminalibus, circiter 2 cm longis, leviter pubescentibus; floribus 4-meris, circiter 6 mm diametro, petalis late ovatis, subacutis, glabris; 3 mm longis, calycis lobis latis, subacutis, glabris, circiter 1 mm longis. A small tree 3 to 4m high fide Ramos, glabrous except the very youngest growing parts and the inflorescences. Branches rather stout, brownish, rugose, glabrous, terete, the very young branch- lets and young petioles sparingly appressed cinereous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, crowded, sometimes subopposite, coriaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, 5 ad 8 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, pale- olivaceous when dry, slightly shining, glabrous, the apex obtuse to shortly and obtusely acuminate, base cuneate, margins often revolute; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct, the reticulations obscure; petioles 8 to 14 mm long. Panicles terminal, sparingly appressed-pubescent, about 2 cm long, branched from the base. Flowers 4-merous, rather numerous, greenish-yellow, about 6 mm in diameter. Calyx-tube stout, glabrous or very slightly pubescent, about 2 mm long and thick, the limb somewhat spreading, the teeth 4, broadly triangular, acute, about 1 mm long and wide. Petals suborbicular-ovate, subacute, 3mm long and wide. Filaments 2.3 mm long; anthers broadly ovoid. Ovary projecting slightly above the calyx-tube, the style stout, angled, about 1 mm long. Bracteoles triangular- ovate, acute, 1 mm long, pubescent. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28575 (type), 28628 Ramos & Edano, May, 1917, in forests near the summit of the mountain, altitude apparently about 1,000 meters. This species is readily distinguished among the ie Philippine forms by its relatively narrow, crowded, alternate, leaves and its 4-merous flowers. It does not appear to be very closely allied to any previously described form. Bur. Sci. 29088 Ramos & Edafio, from the same locality, may be referable to this species, but it has subopposite larger leaves and much larger inflorescences; the flowers are very immature. Mastixia premnoides (Elm.) Hallier f. (Vitex premnoides Elm.), which has 4-merous flowers, is entirely different in its vegetative and floral characters. XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII ) 43 MASTIXIA SUBCAUDATA sp, nov. § Tetramastizxia, Arbor parva novellis-et inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis stricte alternis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 6 cm longis, apice perspicue subcaudato-acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis utrinque 4 ad 6, tenuibus; inflorescentiis 2 ad 3 cm longis, adpresse cinereo-pubescentibus; floribus 4- meris, circiter 3 mm longis, calycibus haud dentatis, extus gla- bris vel parcissime pubescentibus; petalis glabris. A small tree, the very youngest parts and the inflorescences appressed cinereous-pubescent, otherwise glabrous. Branches terete, rather pale when dry. Leaves chartaceous to subcoria- ceous, oblong-obovate, 5 to 6 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, the apex prominently subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen blunt and up to 1 cm in length, base cuneate, when dry pale-olivaceous, somewhat shining, the lower surface paler than the upper; lateral nerves 4 to 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved, the reticula- tions indistinct; petioles 7 to 10 mm long, when young slightly pubescent, becoming glabrous. -Panicles terminal, 2 to 3 cm long, appressed cinereous-pubescent with short hairs, branched at or from near the base. Flowers numerous, yellowish, about 3 mm long, 4-merous, the pedicels very short, the bracteoles ovate, acute, pubescent, 1 mm long or less. Calyx about 2 mm long, slightly pubescent, the limb narrow, undulate, somewhat spreading, entire or very obscurely toothed. Petals broadly ovate, obtuse, glabrous, 1. mm long. Anthers suborbicular, 1 mm long. Top of the Geary. sulcate, the style stout, angled, 0.8 . mm long. Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Mount Lalao, Bur. Sci. 23853 Ramos, August 23, 1915, on the forested summit of the mountain, altitude not indicated. The above specimen was originally determined as Mastixia philippinensis Wang., a species common and widely distributed in the Philippines. It differs constantly, however, in its 4-merous flowers, and besides has smaller, somewhat differently shaped leaves, entire or subentire calyx-limb, and glabrous petals. MASTIXIA PREMNOIDES (Elm.) Hallier f. Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 34* (1916) 41. Vitex premnoides Elm. Leatl, Philip. Bot. 8 (1915) 2874. The type of this species is Elmer 11644, from Mount Apo, Mindanao. The species is also represented by the following specimens from the Lanao District, Mindanao, which had been long since written up by me, but not published, as a distinct species of Mastixia: Clemens 688, in flower, and without number, in fruit, March and February, 1907, For. Bur. 25208, 25224 Alwarez, March, 1916. The species belongs in the section Tetramastizxia. 44 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ARALIACEAE BOERLAGIODENDRON Harms BOERLAGIODENDRON YATESII sp. nov. Frutex glaber; foliis palmatim 5- ad 7-foliolatis, foliolis coria- ceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, 8 ad 18 cm longis, omnibus petiolulatis, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine irregulariter serra- tis, dentibus mucronatis; infldrescentiis terminalibus, subses- silibus, umbellatis, radiis primariis 5 vel 7, usque ad 3 cm lonyis, dichotomis vel trichotomis; floribus in capitulis globosis subcon- fertis, 4-meris, capitulis circiter 1 cm diametro. An erect glabrous shrub, the branches terete, brownish, 8 to 10 mmin diameter. Leaves alternate, palmately 5- to 7-foliolate, their petioles 13 to 20 cm long, the basal crests 2 or 3, coriaceous, glabrous, not at all pectinate; leaflets coriaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 8 to 18 em long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, apex rather prominently acuminate, base acute, in the outer leaflets inequila- teral, margins very irregularly serrate, the teeth minute to rather coarse or even slightly sinuate, mucronate; lateral nerves 6 to 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petiolules 0.5 to 2.5 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, umbellate, subsessile, the primary branches 5 to 7, usually about 3 cm long, these trichoto- mous or dichotomous, the secondary lateral branches 2 to 2.5 em long, the central branch very short and bearing a head of sterile flowers. Heads at the tips of the lateral branches globose, about 1 cm in diameter, each composed of from 10 to 15 pedicelled flowers, the pedicels in young fruit 2 to 3 mm long, the subtend- ing bracteoles elliptic-ovate, rounded, about 3 mm long, their margins ciliate. Very young fruits subellipsoid, about 4 mm long, with 4 obscure, rounded angles. ; Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Cadig, Bur. Sci. 25418 Yates, December 12, 1916, in the mossy forest near the summit of the mountain. A very characteristic species, readily distinguished by its palmately 5- to 7-foliolate leaves, and its comparatively small, coriaceous leaflets. It is perhaps most closely allied to Boerlagiodendron heterophyllum Merr. BOERLAGIODENDRON FENICIS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 2.5 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis circiter 25 cm longis, in ambitu suborbicularibus, 5-lobatis, mem- branaceis, lobis oblongis, brevissime et abrupte acuminatis, mar- gine distanter denticulatis; petiolis circiter 30 cm longis in di- midio inferiore cristis obliquis pectinatis distantibus instructis; inflorescentiis circiter 6 cm longis, furfuraceis, radiis primariis circiter 15, tenuibus; fructibus sessilibus, ovoideis, 3-sulcatis, 3-angulatis, 3-locellatis, circiter 6 mm longis. . XIU, C,1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XUI _ 45 An erect shrub about 2.5 m high, glabrous except the inflo- rescence, the branches terete, wrinkled, about 1 cm in diameter. Leaves membranaceous or somewhat chartaceous, .suborbicular in outline, about 25 cm long, deeply 5-lobed, the base subtruncate, 7-nerved, the lobes oblong, 5.5 to 7 cm wide, extending one-half to two-thirds to the base, the sinuses rounded, the tips shortly and abruptly apiculate, the margins distantly denticulate, not at all lyrately lobed, both surfaces shining when dry, the upper sub- olivaceous, the lower slightly paler; petioles about 30 cm long, _ the lower half with prominent, scattered, oblique crests about 2 mm wide, their margins pectinate, the laciniae slender, 1 to 1.5 mm long, the lower crests surrounding the petioles, the upper ones reduced in length. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, the peduncles about 1.5 cm long, all parts more or less furfuraceous, the primary branches about 15, slender, up to 5 cm in length; each branch bears a pair of ovate, about 3 mm long bracts about 2 em above the base subtending a short-peduncled sterile head and often an additional long-peduncled fertile one, the sterile heads dense, 4 to 7 mm in diameter, their peduncles 1 cm long or less, the peduncles of the fertile heads 2 to 2.5 cm long and bibracteate at about the middle. Fertile heads in fruit 10 to 12 mm in diameter, the fruits crowded, sessile, ovoid, longitudinally. 3-suleate, 3-angled, 3-celled, about 6 mm long. Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Guiniri, Bur. Sci. 28186 Fénizx, May 12, 1917, on rocky slopes near streams. : : The alliance of this species is apparently with Boerlagiodendron luzon- iense Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its thinner leaves, the lobes denticulate but not at all lyrately lobed, the numerous scattered crests, 3-celled fruits, and other characters. BOERLAGIODENDRON TAYABENSE sp. nov. Frutex glaber, ramis teretibus, circiter 1 cm crassis; foliis usque ad 28 em longis, chartaceis, 3-lobatis, basi subtruncatis ad late cordatis, lobis oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, margine dis- tanter apiculato-serrulatis; petiolis 18 ad 22 cm longis, infra perspicue cristatis, cristulis perspicue pectinatis, laciniis fili- formibus, usque ad 1 cm longis; inflorescentiis pedunculatis, confertis, radiis primariis circiter 4 cm longis, parce furfuraceis; capitulis circiter 1 cm diametro. An erect, apparently simple shrub, glabrous except the inflo- rescence. Branches wrinkled, terete, about 1 cm in diameter. Leaves 22 to 28 cm long, up to 30 cm in width across the lateral lebes, chartaceous, brownish or olivaceous-brownish when dry, shining, deeply 3-lobed, the base subtruncate to shallowly cor- date, 9-nerved, margins distantly apiculate-serrulate, the lateral 46 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 lobes somewhat spreading, oblong-ovate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, about 8 cm wide, the central lobe oblong-obovate, about 20 cm long and as wide as the lateral ones, the sinuses rounded, 3 to 4 cm wide at this distance above the base of the lobes; petioles 18 to 22 cm long, the lower part with numerous, spirally arranged crests, the crests prominently pectinate, the laciniae slender, filiform, up to 1 cm in length, similar but smaller crests scattered along the petiole in the lower one-half or two- thirds, the upper crests reduced to few lacinae. Umbels ter- minal, peduncled, the peduncle about 3 cm long, glabrous. Pri- mary branches of the inflorescence about 15, crowded, about 4 em long, sparingly furfuraceous, the subtending bracts lanceo- late to oblong-lanceolate, about 1.5 cm long. Heads dense, about 1 cm in diameter. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28752 Ramos & Edaiio, May, 1917, without data. This species in many respects resembles Boerlagiodendron pectinatum Merr., from which it is readily distinguished by its thinner, 3-lobed leaves which are not acute at the base; its longer petioles with the pectinate crests scattered. along the lower. one-half to two-thirds; its much longer bracts; and larger heads. From the species with 3-lobed leaves it is at once distinguishable by its prominently pectinate crests. EBENACEAE DIOSPYROS Linnaeus . DIOSPYROS VELASCO! sp. nov. Arbor circiter 5 m alta, ramulis foliis junioribus subtus ad costa nervisque calycibus et fructibus pilis longis ferrugineis vestitis ; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 16 cm longis, breviter petiolatis, basi late rotundatis, apice acute acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, subtus valde prominentibus, anasto- mosantibus; fructibus axillaribus, solitariis, sessilibus, ovoideis, junioribus circiter 12 mm longis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, acutis, pilis longis sparsis vestitis, ut videtur 1-locellatis, monos- permis. A small tree about 5 m high, the young branchlets, younger leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves, petioles, calyces, and young fruits ciliate-pubescent with long ferruginous hairs, the older parts glabrous or nearly so. Older branches terete, smooth, glabrous, sparingly lenticellete, slender. Leaves ovate to oblong- ovate, chartaceous, brittle when dry, brown, shining, the lower surface paler than the upper, 8 to 18 em long, 2.5 to 7.5 cm wide, base broadly rounded, apex acutely acuminate; lateral nerves Pa XII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII A7 about 8 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 4 mm long or less. Flowers not seen. Fruits axillary, _ solitary, sessile, the calyx accrescent, ferruginous-pilose, the lobes 4, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 mm long and 5 mm wide. Young fruits ovoid, brown when dry, acute or apiculate, spar- ingly covered with long, rather weak, brown, subappressed or somewhat spreading hairs, apparently 1-celled and 1-seeded. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, Patlao, Camalaniugan, For. Bur. 23278 Velasco, October 18, 1914, on slopes, altitude about 100 meters. A species well characterized by its solitary, axillary, sessile, pointed fruits, and especially by the long hairs on the young fruits, calyces, and younger vegetative parts. It is closely allied to Diospyros eriantha Champ. of south- ern China and Formosa, but differs in its larger more numerously nerved leaves which are rounded at the base. DIOSPYROS TAYABENSIS sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis junioribus et influrenbentiia dense subferrug- ineo-pubescentibus; foliis ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, in sic- citate brunneis, nitidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, acuminatis, subtus leviter pubescentibus, basi ro- tundatis vel leviter decurrento-acuminatis, subtus utrinque glandulis 1 ad 3 distinctis instructis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10 ad 12, perspicuis, arcuato-anastamosantibus; floribus ¢ axilla- ribus, fasciculatis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, uniformiter dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, calycis lobis anguste oblongis, 6 mm longis et 2 mm latis; staminibus 10, antheris lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 3 mm longis. A tree, 20 meters high fide Ramos, the branches and branch- lets terete, dark-brown, smooth, the former glabrous, the latter uniformly and densely ferruginous-pubescent with short hairs. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, chartaceous to subco- riaceous, brown and shining when dry, the lower surface a little paler than the upper, 10 to 16 cm long, 4.5 to 7.5 cm wide, the apex with a broad, obtuse, short acumen, the base rounded and usually somewhat decurrent-acuminate, beneath with from 1 to 3, black, rather conspicuous glands on each side of the mid- rib, the upper surface glabrous, the lower sparingly ferruginous- pubescent especially on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, spreading, somewhat curved, arched-anastomosing, the reticu- lations lax; petioles rather stout, pubescent, brown, 5 to 8 mm long. Staminate flowers axillary, fascicled, numerous, greenish- white, crowded, about 1.5 cm long, all parts of the inflorescence 48 The Philippine Journal of Science — uniformly ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 2 mm long, the lobes 5, narrowly oblong, pubescent, 6 mm long, 2mm wide. Corolla-tube about 9 mm long, pubescent externally, glabrous within, inflated below, narrowed above, the lobes ovate, obtuse, 5mm long. Stamens 10, their filaments glabrous, 2 mm long; anthers linear-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, glabrous, 3mm long. Rudimentary ovary ferruginous-villous. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28489 Ramos & Edatto, May 21, 1917, on forested ridges at low or medium altitudes. This species greatly resembles Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco to which it is apparently most closely allied. It is readily distinguished by -its indumentum. : SAPOTACEAE BASSIA Koenig BASSIA CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, floribus exceptis glabra; foliis oblon- gis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, perspicue acuminatis, basi subacutis, interdum leviter inaequi- lateralibus, nervis utrinque circiter 15, distinctis, reticulis haud perspicuis; petiolis 2.5 ad 4 em longis; fructibus oblongis, cir- citer 2.5 em longis, glabris, sepalis persistentibus, ovatis, circiter 8 mm longis, dense adpresseque pubescentibus. A tree about 15 m high, glabrous except the flowers and the © very tips of the branchlets. Branches grayish-brown, terete. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, pale and shin- ing when dry, 13 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 em wide, narrowed up- ward to the rather prominently acuminate apex, the base sub- acute and often slightly inequilateral; lateral nerves about 15 -on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticula- tions not prominent; petioles 2.5 to 4cm long. Fruits axillary, solitary or fascicled, oblong, olivaceous when dry, about 2.5 cm long and 1 em thick, tipped by the slender style, their pedicels about 1.5 cm long. Sepals 4, persistent, ovate, coriaceous, ap- pressed-pubescent with pale-brownish hairs, acute or slightly acuminate, about 8 mm long. LUZON, Cagayan Province, Buyon, “or. Bur. 26888 Bernardo, J anuary 17, 1917, in dense forests, altitude about 15 meters, the fruits edible; locally known as gasatan. This species is distinguished among the comparatively few Philippine representatives of the genus by its oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, comparatively long-petioled leaves. XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 49 MYRSINACEAE ARDISIA Swartz ARDISIA NIGROMACULATA sp. nov. § Akosmos. Frutex glaber, circiter 3 m alta; foliis numerosis, integris, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, utrinque maculis nume- rosis nigris conspicuis instructis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 8 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus, bipin- natim paniculatis, multifloris, pedunculatis, foliis subaequan- tibus; fioribus 5-meris, calycis circiter 2.5 mm diametro, glan- dulosis, lobis ovatis, rotundatis, margine leviter ciliatis, circiter 0.7 mm longis, petalis perspicue sed parce nigro-glandulosis, circiter 3.5 mm longis. A glabrous shrub about 3 m high, the branches rather stout, brown, 5 to 7 mm in diameter, the petiolar scars large, promi- nent and rather crowded on the younger parts. Leaves num- erous, rather crowded, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, charta- ceous to subcoriaceous, pale olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, 5 to 8 em long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the acuminate apex, the margins entire, both surfaces with numerous, conspicuous, black or nearly black maculae and minutely glandular-punctate; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, scarcely more pro- minent than are the secondary nerves and reticulations; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescences axillary and from the axils of fallen leaves, bipinnately paniculate, peduncled, about as long as the leaves, the primary branches 2.5 cm long or less. Flowers numerous, racemosely arranged on the primary branches, 5- merous, white, in full anthesis 8 mm in diameter, their pedicels 2 mm long or less, the buds ovoid, acute, the styles not project- ing. Calyx 2.5 mm in diameter, the lobes broadly ovate, rounded, margins minutely ciliate, rather prominently glandular. Corolla- lobes subelliptic, 3.5 mm long, obtuse, each with from 5 to 11 very prominent, nearly black glands. Anthers oblong-ovate, acute, 2 mm long, the filaments distinct, short, the connective obscurely glandular on the back. Ovary ovoid; style 2 mm long, not projecting beyond the corolla in bud. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Binuang, Bur. Sci. 28478 Ramos & Edatio, May 7, 1917, in the mossy forest, altitude apparently about 1,000 meters. A specimen with immature flowers and somewhat larger, less conspicuously maculate leaves, Bur. Sci. 28659 Ramos & Edaio, from the same locality, apparently represents the same species. 1530494 50 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 This species is manifestly a representative of the section Akosmos and is strongly characterized by its conspicuously maculate leaves, in this point simulating some of our species of Discocalyx. ARDISIA RIVULARIS sp. nov. § Tinus. Species A. boissieri et A. salicifoliae affinis, differt foliis dis- tincte angustioribus. Frutex circiter 2 m altus, glaber; foliis coriaceis, lanceolatis ad oblanceolatis, usque ad 7 cm longis et 10 ad 18 mm lJatis, utrinque angustatis, acutis, nervis incon- spicuis; umbellis 2- ad 7-floris, floribus circiter 1.5 cm diametro, calycis lobis punctatis, margine leviter ciliatis exceptis glabris, antheris haud rugosis, dorso obscure glanduloso. A glabrous shrub about 2 m high, the branches and branchlets brownish, terete. Leaves numerous, rather crowded, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 5 to 7 cm long, 10 to 18 mm wide, subequally narrowed and acute at both ends, coriaceous, pale-brownish or subolivaceous when dry, shining, of about the same color on both surfaces, obscurely glandular, the midrib prominent, the lateral nerves very slender and obscure; petioles about 5 mm long. Umbels in the upper axils, rather numerous, solitary, 2- to 7-flowered, or sometimes the peduncle bearing but a single flower, the peduncles 1 to 2 cm long, the pedicels usually about 1 cm in length. Flowers pink, about 1.5 cm in diameter when expanded. Calyx glandular, glabrous except the slightly ciliate margins of the lobes, the lobes extending one-half to the base, ovate, rounded, about 1.5 mm long. Corolla-lobes elliptic, acute, glandular, about 7 mm long and 4 mm wide. Anthers 4.5 mm long, not rugose, obscurely glandular on the back, acute or acum- inate. Fruits globose, 5 to 6 mm in diameter. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Umiray, Bur. Sci. 29020 (type), 28956 Ramos & Edano, June 3, 1917, along the Umiray River in forests at low altitudes. This species, judging from the debris attached to the specimens, and its narrow leaves grows on river banks subject to sudden inundation, having the stenophyllous leaves characteristic of a number of totally un- related species that grow in similar habitats. Its alliance is manifestly with Ardisia boissieri A. DC. and A. salicifolia A. DC., but it seems to be sufficiently distinct from both. LOGANIACEAE FAGRAEA Thunberg FRAGRAEA CURRANII sp. nov. Species F’. auriculatae Jack affinis, differt nervis lateralibus obsoletis vel subobsoletis. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis cras- sissime coriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, anguste obovatis ad oblongo-obovatis, rotundatis, basi angustatis, in siccitate utrin- a a es XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 51 que densissime verruculoso-rugosis, brunneis vel atro-brunneis, nitidis; floribus magnis, circiter 10 cm longis, subcampanulatis. A scandent shrub attaining a height of 30 meters according to Curran and a diameter of 18 cm, entirely glabrous. Branches stout, about 1 cm in diameter when dry, wrinkled, olivaceous to blackish-brown, shining. Leaves very thickly coriaceous, brown to black-brown on both surfaces when dry, shining, densely verruculose-rugose, oblong-obovate to narrowly obovate, 12 to 25 em long, 6 to 8 cm wide, apex rounded, gradually narrowed below the middle to the decurrent-acuminate base, the midrib very prominent, the lateral nerves obsolete or nearly so; petioles stout, 2 to 4 cm long, the thick, inflated, basal portion about 1.5 cm in diameter. Flowers white, two or three at the apex of each branchlet, their pedicels very stout, about 1.5 cm long, black when dry, the subtending bracts oblong, obtuse, thickly coriaceous 1.5 cm long. Calyx ovoid, about 3 cm long, the lobes very thickly coriaceous, subelliptic, rounded, about 2.5 cm long, the bracteoles ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 cm long. Corolla somewhat campanulate, the tube up to 5 cm in length, widened above, the lobes very thickly coriaceous, brittle when dry, obovate, rounded, 4 to 5 cm long; anthers thick, about 8 mm long. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, For. Bur. 8045 Curran & Merritt, November 6, 1907 (type), altitude about 100 meters; Mount Ma- quiling, For. Bur. 26897 Mabesa, September 8, 1917, altitude 200 to 300 meters: Cagayan Province, Mount Ababaca, For. Bur. 17217 Curran, March, 1909 (sterile). PoLitLo, Bur. Sci. 10480 McGregor, flowers only. This species, originally named Fagraea curranii in 1908, was not then published, but was placed under Fagraea auriculata Jack to which it is closely allied, but it differs from ths latter species in a number of characters, notably in the obsolete or subobsolete lateral veins of its leaves. FAGRAEA MACGREGORII sp. nov. Ut videtur frutex scandens, F’. longiflorae Merr. affinis, differt foliis oblongo-obovatis, basi longe decurrentibus, calycibus sub fructu quam fructibus brevioribus, haud accrescentibus. Apparently a vine, probably pseudo-parasitic, the branches stout. Leaves coriaceous, rather pale when dry, oblong-obovate, up to 70 cm in length and 25 cm in width, acute or slightly acuminate, base gradually narrowed, decurrent along the 6 to 8 cm long petiole; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the very stout midrib, prominent on the lower surface, reticulations obsolete. Flowers unknown. Fruits crowded at the apices of the branches, about 15 in a rather close, dense head, the subtend- ing bracts ovate, acuminate, about 3 cm long. Fruit, when fresh, 52 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 bluish-green, when dry oblong-cylindric, apiculate, about 4 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter, somewhat exserted from the calyx, the calyx-lobes ovate, acute, about 1.5 cm long. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 17938 McGregor, February 15, 1913. A species somewhat resembling and wanifestty closely allied to Fagraea longiflora Merr., from Mount Banajao, Luzon. It differs, however, in its somewhat seenot fruits and in its vegetative characters, the leaves of the two being entirely different in shape. APOCYNACEAE ALYXIA Banks ALYXIA REVOLUTA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis crassis, quadrangulatis; foliis quaternatis, anguste oblongis, crassissime coriaceis, usque ad 18 em longis, obtusis, basi acutis et plus minusve decurrentibus, margine valde revolutis, supra olivaceis, nitidis, subtus glaucis; nervis lateralibus numerosis, supra obscureis, subtus obsoletis; petiolo 3 ad 4 em longo; infructescentiis axillaribus, solitariis, ramosis, 3 ad 4 cm longis; fructibus ellipsoideis, circiter 1.4 cm longis, apiculatis, vel dispermis et in medio constrictis. A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches stout, distinctly 4- angled, up to 1 cm in diameter, the ultimate parts 4 to 5 mm in diameter, the internodes 4 to 8 cm long. Leaves 4-nate, very thickly coriaceous, narrowly oblong, 13 to 18 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, obtuse, base acute and usually somewhat decurrent, the margins very prominently revolute, the midrib very prominent, the upper surface olivaceous, shining, the lower glaucous; lateral nerves numerous, slender, obscure on the upper surface, obsolete on the lower; petioles very stout, 3 to 4 cmlong. Cymes axillary, solitary, their peduncles 1 cm long or less, the branches usually 3, short, the bracteoles persistent. Fruits ellipsoid, when fully mature black or dark-purple, the immature ones yellowish-brown when dry, about 1.4 cm long, somewhat wrinkled, stipitate, apic- ulate, 1-seeded, or sometimes constricted in the middle and 2- seeded. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Cadig, Bur. Sci. 25515 Yates, December 12, 1914, in the mossy forest, altitude at least 800 meters. A most characteristic species, readily distinguished by its narrowly oblong, very thickly coriaceous, stiff leaves which are glaucous beneath, the nerves here obsolete, but especially by the very strongly revolute mar- gins. Its alliance is with Alyxia sibuyanensis Elm. XII, C,1 Merril: Philippine Plants, XIII 53 ALYXIA GLABRA sp. nov. . Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis quaternatis, oblongo-ellipticis, subcoriaceis, olivaceis, nitidis usque ad 12 cm longis, basi acutis, apice breviter abrupte obtuse- que acuminatis, nervis utrinque, valde numerosis, tenuibus, confertis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, fasciculatis, brevibus, um- bellatis, glabris, umbellis 3- ad 5-floris; floribus circiter 14 mm longis, breviter pedicellatis. A scandent, entirely glabrous shrub, the branches and branch- lets terete, the former pale, the latter dark-brown and about 2 mm in diameter, the internodes 6 to 17 cm long. - Leaves quar- ternate, olivaceous, of the sanie color on both surfaces and shining when dry, subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, base acute, apex rather abruptly acuminate, the acumen short, blunt; lateral nerves very slender, not prominent, very numerous, crowded, the primary ones up to 1.5 mm apart; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, fascicled, um- bellate, each umbel 3- to 5-flowered, the peduncles 5 to 6 mm long, the pedicels about 3 mm in length; bracts very broadly ovate, obtuse, 1.5 mm long. Calyx-tube very short, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, 2 mm long and wide. Corolla white, the tube cylindric, about 11 mm long, the lobes broadly elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 3 to 3.5 mm long. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Infanta-Siniloan trail, Bur. Sci. 29207 Ramos & Edano (type), June 14, 1917, in damp forests; Umiray, Bur. Sci. 28967 Ramos & Edafio, June 1, 1917, in forests along the river. This species resembles Alyxia monticola C. B. Rob., the flowers of which are unknown, in many respects but is apparently not very closely allied to it; Robinson’s species has the nerves at least twice as far apart as in the present one. The entirely glabrous, simply umbellate inflorescences are characteristic, and at once distinguish Alyxia glabra Merr. from A. montlifera Vid. ALYXIA LANCEOLATA sp.nov. - Frutex scandens, partibus junioribus et inflorescentiis par- cissime obscureque puberulis exceptis glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis quarternatis, lanceolatis, chartaceis ad subco- riaceis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, usque ad 7 cm longis, apice perspicue tenuiter et obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis lat- eralibus obsoletis vel subobsoletis; inflorescentiis circiter 2 cm longis, unbellatim 3-5-floris; floribus circiter 1 cm longis, corol- lae tubo 6 ad 7 mm longo. A scandent shrub, entirely glabrous except the obscurely puber- ulent younger branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences. Branches 54 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 and branchlets terete, the former pale, the latter smooth, reddish-brown, slender, about 1 mm in diameter, the internodes 2.5 to 6 cm long. Leaves quarternate, chartaceous to subcoria- ceous, lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, narrowed below to the acute base and above to the slenderly but obtusely acumi- nate apex, the upper surface subolivaceous when dry, shining, the lower much paler, the midrib prominent but the lateral nerves obsolete or subobsolete; petioles 2.5 to 5 mm long. In- florescences axillary, solitary, peduncled, umbellate, about 2 cm long, each with 3 to 5 pedicelled flowers at the apex of the peduncle, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the bracteoles oblong- ovate, subacute, 1 mm long. Calyx-tube very short, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long. Corolla-tube cylindric, 6 to 7 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, somewhat acuminate, 3 mm long. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Infanta-Siniloan trail, Bur. Sci. 29209 Ramos & Edano, June 14, 1917, in damp forests. Bur. Sci. 28627 Ramos & Edano from Mount Binuang, May, 1917, probably represents the same species, but the flowers are very young and the leaves are uniformly dark-brown on both surfaces; the difference in color in the dried specimens is probably due to a difference of method in drying them. The species is a very characteristic one and is distinguished by its lanceolate, prominently acuminate, practically nerveless leaves and its simple umbellate inflorescences. ALYXIA LAXIFLORA sp. nov. Species A. luzoniensis affinis, differt inflorescentiis tenuiter pe- dunculatis, laxis, paucifloris, 3 ad 6 cm longis. Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis teretibus, ramulis tenuibus, obscure angulatis, in- ternodiis elongatis, usque ad 6 cm longis; foliis ternatis, char- taceis, oblongis, ad oblongo-ellipticis, olivaceis vel brunneo-oliva- ceis, usque ad 6 cm longis, basi acutis, apice late et obtuse subros- trato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque numerosis, tenuibus, obscuris; inflorescentiis axillaribus et terminalibus, laxis, paucifloris, longe - pedunculatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis; floribus circiter 1 cm longis. A scandent glabrous shrub, the stems terete, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, the branchlets dark-brown, smooth, very slender, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, the older ones terete, the younger ones somewhat 3-angled, the internodes 4.5 to 6 cm long. Leaves ternate, chartaceous, olivaceous or dark brownish-olivaceous, of about the same color on both surfaces and shining when dry, oblong to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 3 em wide, sub- equally narrowed to the acute base and to the subrostrate-acu- minate apex, thé acumen broad, blunt; lateral nerves very slender, obscure, 35 or more on each side of the midrib, the’ XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 55 primary ones no more distinct than are the secondary ones; petioles 3 to 4 mm long. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, lax, few-flowered, 3 to 6 cm long, solitary or fascicled, glabrous, dark-brown when dry, the peduncles 2 to 3 cm long. Flowers (young) greenish-yellow, their pedicels up to 4 mm in length, usually 5 to 7 on each inflorescence, the bracts ovate, obtuse, about 1 mm long. Calyx about 2.5 mm long, glabrous, the lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse, 1 mm long. Corolla-tube about 7 mm long, narrowed below, the buds acuminate, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, about 3 mm long, somewhat acuminate. Anthers about 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Mount Sulu, Bur. Sci. 28871 Fénix, May 22, 1917, in the mossy forest, apparently above an altitude of 800 meters. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Alyxia luzoniensis Merr., which it closely resembles in most characters except its very lax, long- peduncled, few-flowered inflorescences. KOPSIA Blume KOPSIA LAXINERVIA sp. nov. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis oblongis, membranaceis, usque ad 22 cm longis, subolivaceis, nitidis, basi acutis, apice breviter obtuseque acuminatis; nervis primariis utrinque 10 ad 12, laxis, distantibus, patulis, anas- tomosantibus, subtus distinctis; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis, cir- citer 2 cm longis. An erect shrub, about 3 m high, entirely glabrous except the inflorescences. Branches terete or somewhat compressed, the branchlets sulcate. Leaves membranaceous, olivaceous or pale brownish-olivaceous and shining when dry, the lower surface slightly paler than the upper, oblong, 12 to 22 cm long, 5.5 to 7 em wide, base acute, apex shortly and broadly blunt-acumi- nate; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct, spreading, anastomosing, lax, the primary reticulations lax, dis- tinct; petioles about 5 mm long. Infructescences terminal, pe- duncled, 5 to 7 cm long, the younger branchlets and persistent bracts somewhat ferruginous-pubescent. Fruits oblong-ovoid, dark-brown or nearly black when dry, somewhat wrinkled, ob- tuse, about 2 cm long and 1 cm in diameter. Luzon, Apayao Subprovince, Guiniri, Bur. Sci. 28232 Fénix, May 12, 1917, in thickets near streams. This species is distinguished from Kopsia longiflora Merr., to which it is manifestly allied, by its leaves having much fewer and more laxly arranged nerves than in that species. 56 _ The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 CONVOLVULACEAE ERYCIBE Roxburgh ERYCIBE SARGENTII sp. nov. Frutex alte scandens, inflorescentiis plus minusve castaneo- pubescentibus exceptis glaber; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 18 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad acutis, in siccitate utrinque concoloribus, nitidis, uniformiter brunneis vel purpureo-brunneis nervis utrinque 6 ad 8, distantibus, dis- tinctis, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxis; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, axillaribus circiter 5 em longis, terminalibus usque ad 12 cm longis et 5 cm latis, multifloris; sepalis coriaceis, orbicularibus, margine leviter ciliatis; corolla circiter 12 mm longa, lobis obcordatis, circiter 8 mm longis et 12 mm latis. A scandent shrub apparently of large size, entirely glabrous except the inflorescences. Branches terete, smooth, very pale, the younger branchlets sometimes brown or dark-brown, never angled. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, 10 to 18 cm long, 3 to 8 cm wide, smooth and shining, of the same color on both surfaces, and uniformly brownish or purplish-brown when dry, the apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base rounded to acute; lat- eral nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct, somewhat curved, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, not prominent; pet- ioles stout, 1 to 2 cm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, when young sparingly pubescent with dark purplish-brown, short hairs, ultimately glabrous, the whole inflorescence uni- formly dark-brown when dry, the axillary panicles about 5 cm long, the terminal ones up to 12 cm in length and 5 cm in diam- eter, rather densely many-flowered. Flowers white or pale- yellowish, fragrant, about 12 mm long, their pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, sparingly pubescent, ultimately glabrous. Sepals or- bicular, coriaceous, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter, margins somewhat ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Exposed parts of the corolla in bud densely purplish-brown pubescent, the central pubescent part in flower ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm long; corolla tube 4 to 5 mm long; the lobes in anthesis obcordate,.about 12 mm wide and 8 mm long. Anthers ovoid-lanceolate, acuminate, 2.5 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid, glabrous, brown when dry, 1.5 to 2 cm long. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Pefiablanca, Adduru 18, May 4, 1917: Pan- gasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 17696 Otanes, May 6, 1914: Bataan Province, Mount Mariveles, Williams 593 (type), 798, February and March, 1904: Zambales Province, San Antonio, Madarang s. n., April 29, 1914; XIII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 57 without definite locality, but probably from Zambales Province, Cuming 1071. This characteristic species is apparently allied to Erycibe laevigata Wall. The specimens are uniformly brown or purplish-brown when dry, giving the species a distinctly characteristic appearance. The terminal panicles are sometimes supplied with greatly reduced leaves. The species is dedi- cated to Doctor C. S. Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, for whom the Adduru collection was made. IPOMOEA Linnaeus IPOMOEA DIVERSIFOLIA R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 487; Benth. Fl. Austral. 4 (1867) 416; Bailey Queensland Flora 4 (1901) 1058. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27589 Ramos, February 26, 1917, in grasslands at low altitudes. This identification has been made entirely from the descriptions cited, with which the specimens apparently agree perfectly. The species is known otherwise only from the islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. In the Philippine form the ovaries are 3-celled, the flowers about 5 cm long, violet and white according to Ramos, solitary. The leaves closely approximate those of Ipomoea coptica (Linn.) Roth (J. dissecta Willd.), but the flowers are very much larger than in the latter species. VERBENACEAE CALLICARPA Linnaeus CALLICARPA PLATYPHYLLA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 8 m alta; foliis subcoriaceis, magnis, usque ad 50 cm longis et 20 cm latis, integris, tenuiter subcaudato-acu- minatis, basi acutis, supra glabris, olivaceis, subtus pallidis, nitidis, densissime implexo-puberulis, indumerito haud stellato, nervis utrinque circiter 12, cum reticulis valde prominentibus; eymis dichotomis, pedunculatis, circiter 7 cm longis, stellato- tomentosis; calycis truncatis, glabris, 3 cm diametro. A tree about 8 m high, the branches 1 cm in diameter or less, glabrous, somewhat 4-angled, the branchlets densely puberulent with pale, dirty-brown indumentum. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, entire, slenderly subcaudate- acuminate, base acute, 35 to 50 cm long, 18 to 20 cm wide, the upper surface glabrous, olivaceous, shining, the lower very dense- ly covered with minute, matted, pale, puberulent hairs, the indu- mentum not stellate, the whole lower surface pale-brownish, shin- ing, the individual hairs not evident under an ordinary lens; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very prom- inent on the lower surface as are the subparallel primary reti- culations, curved, anastomosing; petioles stout, densely puberu- lent, angled, 4 to 5 cm long. Cymes axillary, peduncled, rather densely stellate-pubescent with pale hairs, dichotomous, about 7 58 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 em long and 9 cm wide, the bracts linear-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm long, the bracteoles numerous, similar to the bracts but about 1 mm long. Calyx truncate, cup-shaped, 3 mm in diameter, glabrous or nearly so. Fruits globose, about 3.5 mm in diameter. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Pamplona, For. Bur. 26967 Velasco, August 9, 1917, in forests, altitude about 50 meters. A most remarkable species, well characterized by its very large, entire, slenderly acuminate leaves which are glabrous above and densely matted- puberulent on the lower surface with a pale-brownish, shining, non-stellate indumentum; glands, if present, are entirely obscured by the indumentum. VITEX Linnaeus VITEX CELEBICA Koord. Meded. Lands Plantent. 19 (1898) 560, 645. MINDANAO, Cotabato District, For. Bur. 6543 Hutchinson, March, 1907, For. Bur. 15420 Pray, March, 1910: Zamboanga District, Siag River, For. Bur. 18383 Foxworthy, DeMesa, & Villamil, May 29, 1912; Butuan Subprovince, Amparo, For. Bur. 20746 Rafael & Ponce, October 10, 1913: Davao District, Mount Apo, Hlmer 11602, September, 1909, distributed as V. pentaphylla Merr. A species previously known only from Celebes, our Philippine material agreeing closely with the description and with Celebes specimens in all essential characters. In Cotabato it is known as calipapa-aso, molave-aso, calipapa, and calipapa-madam; and in Zamboanga as limpapa and himulawin. SOLANACEAE SOLANUM Linnaeus “ SOLANUM LUZONIENSE sp. nov. Frutex erectus, ramosus, 0.5 ad 1 m altus, plus minusve pal- lide stellato-tomentosus, ramis teretibus aculeis sparsis rectis circiter 2 mm longis armatis; foliis membranaceis, oblongis, integris, in siccitate subolivaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis, plerum- que obscure inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque circiter 5, te- nuibus, curvatis, anastomosantibus; cymis extra-axillaribus ter- minalibusque, circiter 3 cm longis, breviter pedunculatis, stellato- tomentosis; floribus extus stellato-tomentosis, circiter 8 mm longis, violaceis; fructibus globosis, glabris, carnosis, inermis, coccineis, circiter 6 mm diametro. An erect, branched, sparingly aculeate, more or less stellate- tomentose shrub or undershrub 0.5 to 1 m high, the branches terete, reddish-brown, sparingly cinereous-stellate-tomentose, with scattered, straight, sharp spines about 2 mm in length, the young branchlets rather densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves al- ternate, membranaceous, subolivaceous when dry, slightly shin- ing, the lower surface paler than the upper and more pubescent, oblong, entire or obscurely undulate, acuminate, base usually XIU, ©, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 59 slightly inequilateral, acute, the upper surface sparingly stel- late-pubescent on the midrib and nerves or ultimately glabrous, the lower surface with more numerous stellate hairs, rarely . largely confined to the midrib and nerves, more commonly scat- tered over the entire surface; lateral nerves slender, not prom- inent, curved, anastomosing, about 5 on each side of midrib; petioles rather densely stellate-tomentose with cinereous hairs, 1 to 2 cm long, unarmed. Cymes extra-axillary and terminal, about 3 cm long, peduncled, rather few-flowered, stellate-tomen- tose. Flowers violet, about 8 mm long, their pedicels up to 5 mm in length. Calyx somewhat campanulate, sparingly or ra- ther densely stellate-tomentose, about 3 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, acute or subobtuse, about 1.5 mm long. Corolla sparingly stellate-tomentose externally, the tube short, the lobes oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate, about 6 mm long. Anthers lanceolate, somewhat narrowed upward, obtuse, 4mm long. Fruit globose, glabrous, smooth, fleshy, red when. fresh, about 6 mm in diameter; seeds few, flattened, about 3 mm in diameter. Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26487 Ramos & Edano, August 3, 1916, along small streams in open places at low altitudes. The alliance of this species is apparently with Solanum retrorsum Elm., from which, among numerous other characters, it is distinguished by its indumentum and especially by its short, scattered, straight, spreading spines. I refer here also the following specimens: LUZON, Pangasinan Province, Bautista, Merrill s. n., July, 1903; Umingan, Bur. Sci. 17710 Otanes, April 17, 1914. Var. GLABRUM var. nov. A typo differt omnibus partibus glabris. Luzon, Pampanga Province, Calumpit, Merrill 4287 (type), September, 1905; Tarlac Province, Gerona, Guerrero s. n., April, 1906. ACANTHACEAE HEMIGRAPHIS Nees HEMIGRAPHIS VIRIDIS sp. nov. Caule herbaceo, erecto, usque ad 50 cm alto, ramis tetragonis vel sulcatis, minute strigosis; foliis subaequalibus, lanceolatis ad anguste lanceolatis, in siccitate viridis, nitidis, usque ad 9 em longis, margine undulatis, basi obtusis, sursum angustatis et _longissime obtuse acuminatis, cystolithis subtus nullis, supra numerosis, magnis, jam oculo nudo distinctis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, subtus strigosis; spicis circiter 3, pedunculatis, 2.5 60 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ad 5 cm longis; bracteis numerosis, imbricatis, in siccitate viridis, ovatis ad ovato-ellipticis, 1 ad 1.5 em longis, membranaceis, ‘ acutis ad obtusis, margine perspicue ciliatis, bracteolis nullis; floribus circiter 13 mm longis, calycis lobis linearis, tenuiter acuminatis, 8 ad 9 mm longis, ciliatis. An erect, sparingly branched herb attaining a height of 50 em, branched only in the upper part, the stems terete below, about 2 mm in diameter, dull-greenish, densely covered with short cystoliths, the branches suleate or 4-angled, appressed- strigose. Leaves of each pair subequal, lanceolate, chartaceous, green on both surfaces, shining and brittle when dry, 6 to 9 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, margins somewhat undulate, base abruptly rounded or obtuse, gradually narrowed upward to the slender but obtusely acuminate apex, the upper surface with numerous eystoliths distinctly visible to the naked eye, these wanting on the lower surface but the midrib and lateral nerves here ap- pressed-strigose; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, distant, distinct, prominently anastomosing; petioles 2 to 8mm long. Spikes 3 to 5, peduncled, 2.5 to5 mm long. Bracts numerous, imbricate, foliaceous, green when dry, ovate to elliptic- ovate, 10 to 15 mm long, 6 to 9 mm wide, shortly stalked, base rounded to subacute, apex acute to obtuse, the margins prom- inently ciliate with long white hairs; bracteoles none. Flowers white, about 13 mm long. Calyx-lobes free nearly to the base, linear, 8 to 9 mm long, about 1 mm wide, narrowed upward to the slenderly acuminate apex, prominently ciliate, the tip with about three, long, slender, white hairs. Capsules 8 mm long - and 2 mm in diameter, slightly narrowed below, sparingly pub- escent in the upper part. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27587 Maniba, February 27, 1917, in forests at low altitudes, with the Ilocano name caribuso. A species manifestly belonging in the group with Hemigraphis cuming- iana F,-Vill. and H. strigosa F.-Vill., but it is readily distinguished by its vegetative characters. HEMIGRAPHIS HIRSUTISSIMA sp. nov. Herba prostrata, e radices sublignosa, ramis adscendentibus, primariis usque ad 30 cm longis, ramis et foliis et bracteis prom- inente hirsutis; foliis ellipticis ad oblongis, usque ad 3 cm longis, subcoriaceis, rigidis, sordide olivaceis, utrinque acutis vel apice obtusis, supra pustulatis, cystolithis nullis, margine obscuris- sime irregulariter crenatis vel integris, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, . obscuris; spicis confertis, ovoideis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis; bracteis oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, obtusis vel subacutis, 10 ad 12 mm longis, prominente ciliato-hirsutis; bracteolis filiformibus 3 XIII, C,1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 61 mm longis, prominente ciliatis, 3 mm longis; floribus 13 mm longis, calycis lobis 5, linearis, ciliatis, tenuiter acuminatis, circiter 6 mm longis, } A prostrate herb from a thickened woody root, the primary branches up to 30 cm long, rooting at the lower nodes, the branch- lets and ends of the primary branches erect or ascending, all parts except the corolla prominently hirsute with stiff, pale or pale-yellowish hairs, those on the upper surface of the leaves from thickened bases, the branches terete or very obscurely 4-angled. Leaves of each pair somewhat unequal, elliptic to oblong, subcoriaceous, dull-olivaceous, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 7 to 13 mm wide, acute at both ends or the apex obtuse, margins entire to obscurely and irregularly crenate, both surfaces prom- inently hirsute, the upper surface pustulate, the cystoliths not evident; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, obcure; petioles densely hirsute, 2to3 mm long. Spikes sessile or shortly peduncled, dense, ovoid, 1.5 to 2 cm long; bracts imbricate, oblong to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, prominently hirsute on both surfaces, 10 to 12 mm long; bracteoles filiform, prora- inently ciliate, 3 mm long. Calyx-tube about 2 mm long, the lobes linear, prominently ciliate, 6 mm long, slenderly acuminate, one slightly longer than the other four. Corolla 13 mm long, externally ‘sparingly pubescent with short hairs. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Burgos, Bur. Sci. 27258 Ramos, March 16, 1917, on rocks along streams, flowers white. A species well characterized by its comparatively small, rather densely - hirsute, obscurely nerved leaves which are pustulate on the upper surface; its dense, ovoid spikes; prominently hirsute bracts; and filiform bracteoles. HEMIGRAPHIS PAUCIFLORA sp. nov. Herba erecta, simplex vel parce ramosa, usque ad 30 cm alta, partibus junioribus et foliis et bracteis albido-hirsutis; foliis in paribus subaequalibus, anguste oblongis, membranaceis vel chartaceis, olivaceis, utrinque acutis vel apice obtusis, margine leviter crenatis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 4, obscuris, utrinque hirsutis, pagina superiore cystolithis dis- tinctis inspersis; spicis solitariis, terminalibus, 1 ad 2 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus violaceis, 17 mm longis; bracteis foliaceis, oblongis, hirsutis, 8 ad 14 mm longis, obtusis. An erect, slender, simple or sparingly branched herb 20 to 30 em high, rather prominently white-hirsute, the stems below te- rete, glabrous or slightly scabrid, the younger parts sulcate or somewhat angled, hirsute. Leaves of each pair subequal, narrowly oblong, 3 to 4.5 cm long, 10 to 13 mm wide, olivaceous 62 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 or greenish-olivaceous, slightly shining, the lower surface some- what paler than the upper, the upper surface with distinct cystoliths and scattered, stiff white hairs, the lower surface more prominently hirsute than the upper, acute at both ends, or the apex somewhat obtuse, margins distinctly crenate; lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure; pe- tioles hirsute, 5 to 8 mm long. Spikes terminal, solitary, 1 to 2 cm long, including the few fiowers. Bracts somewhat im- bricate, few, foliaceous, hirsute, oblong, obtuse, 8 to 14 mm long, olivaceous; bracteoles filiform, hirsute, about 3 mm long. Calyx tube 2 mm long, the lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, prominently ciliate, one about 6 mm long, the other four 4mm long. Corolla slightly pubescent externally, 17 mm long. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27548 Ramos, March 9, 1917, along streams in forests at low altitudes. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Hemigraphis hirsutissima Merr., from which it differs in its strictly erect stems; longer leaves and petioles; the leaves not pustulate on the upper surface, but with distinct cystoliths; its few-flowered spikes; and distinctly larger flowers. JUSTICIA Linnaeus JUSTICIA DISPAR sp. nov. § Calophanoides. Planta ut videtur erecta, suffruticosa, ramosa, subglabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis in paribus valde inaequalibus, oblongo-ovatis, firmiter chartaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel ’ acuminatis, majoribus usque ad 6 cm longis, minoribus 1 ad 2 cm longis, utrinque cystolithis instructis; floribus axillaribus, sessilibus, solitariis vel binis, 1.2 em longis, bracteis (foliis floralibus) oblongo-spatulatis, 6 mm longis; calycibus segmentis 5, lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, minute adpresse hispidis. Apparently erect, much branched, suffrutescent or the stems distinctly woody, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, the branches glabrous, the branchlets black when dry, sparsely pubescent, often distinctly zig-zag. Leaves opposite, those of each pair very unequal in size, the larger ones 4 to 6 cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide, the smaller ones 1 to 2 cm long, 1 cm wide or less, acuminate, glabrous, firmly chartaceous, dark-olivaceous when dry, base acute or acuminate, the cystoliths evident on both surfaces; lateral nerves of the larger leaves 4 to 5 on each side of the midrib, slender, their petioles 5 mm long or less. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, white, about 1.2 mm long, each subtended by a bract-like, oblong-spatulate, petiolate, 6 mm long leaf. Calyx-segments 5, lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, 5.5 ping pa ionnor elrennabitina TES Pag eee > " XII, C, 1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 63 mm long, about 1.1 mm wide, slightly pubescent. Corolla-tube 5 mm long, lobes 6 mm long, the broader one broadly obovate, 5 mm wide, broadly 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, about 1.2 mm long, the narrower lobe about 1.4 mm wide above, slightly retuse. Stamens 2; anther cells one above the other, about 1 mm long. Ovary oblong, glabrous; style glabrous, 6 mm long. Capsule nearly 1 cm long, glabrous. ° Luzon, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26499 Ramos & Edaiio, September 5, 1916, on dry slopes, altitude about 100 meters. The alliance of this species appears to be with Justicia quadrifaria Wall., from which it is immediately distinguishable by its solitary or paired flowers and its very unequal leaves. Among the Philippine species so far described it is nearest to Justicia loheri C. B. Clarke, but that species has linear leaves and differs in numerous other characters. LEPIDAGATHIS Willdenow LEPIDAGATHIS MICROPHYLLA sp. nov. Herba suberecta e radices incrassatis, circiter 20 cm alta, ramis haud 1 mm diametro, teretibus, junioribus 4-angulatis, minutissime cinereo-puberulis; foliis ovatis, haud 1 cm longis, coriaceis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, integris, subtus puberulis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, prominentibus; spicis 1 ad 2 cm longis, falcatis, densis; bracteis imbricatis, lineari-lanceolatis, cinereo- pubescentibus, acuminatis, circiter 7 mm longis, haud lanato- Ciliatis ut in L. cinereae; floribus 5 mm longis, calycis lobis valde inaequalibus. A suberect, slender herb about 20 cm high, from somewhat thickened woody roots, the branches terete, less than 1 mm in diameter, minutely puberulent, the younger branches distinctly 4-angled. Leaves ovate, coriaceous, olivaceous, 5 to 9 mm long, 3 to 7 mm wide, entire, acute to slightly acuminate, base rounded or obtuse, the upper surface glabrous or very slightly pubescent, the lower puberulent; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petioles 1.5 mm long or less. Spikes 1 to 2 cm long, dense, falcate. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, minutely cinereous-pubes- cent. Upper calyx lobe lanceolate, 6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the two lower ones 5.5 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, the two lateral ones 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, all pubescent. Corolla red- dish, 7mm long. Anthers 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27518 Ramos, March 10, 1917, on dry open hills at low altitudes. This species somewhat resembles a greatly dwarfed specimen of Lepi- dagathis cinerea Merr., to which it is distantly allied. It is distinguished 62 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 or greenish-olivaceous, slightly shining, the lower surface some- what paler than the upper, the upper surface with distinct cystoliths and scattered, stiff white hairs, the lower surface more prominently hirsute than the upper, acute at both ends, or the apex somewhat obtuse, margins distinctly crenate; lateral nerves about 4 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure; pe- tioles hirsute, 5 to 8 mm long. Spikes terminal, solitary, 1 to 2 cm long, including the few flowers. Bracts somewhat im- bricate, few, foliaceous, hirsute, oblong, obtuse, 8 to 14 mm long, olivaceous; bracteoles filiform, hirsute, about 3 mm long. Calyx tube 2 mm long, the lobes 5, linear-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, prominently ciliate, one about 6 mm long, the other four 4mm long. Corolla slightly pubescent externally, 17 mm long. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27543 Ramos, March 9, 1917, along streams in forests at low altitudes. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Hemigraphis hirsutissima Merr., from which it differs in its strictly erect stems; longer leaves and petioles; the leaves not pustulate on the upper surface, but with distinct cystoliths; its few-flowered spikes; and distinctly larger flowers. JUSTICIA Linnaeus JUSTICIA DISPAR sp. nov. § Calophanoides. Planta ut videtur erecta, suffruticosa, ramosa, subglabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis in paribus valde inaequalibus, oblongo-ovatis, firmiter chartaceis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel * acuminatis, majoribus usque ad 6 cm longis, minoribus 1 ad 2 em longis, utrinque cystolithis instructis; floribus axillaribus, sessilibus, solitariis vel binis, 1.2 em longis, bracteis (foliis floralibus) oblongo-spatulatis, 6 mm longis; calycibus segmentis : 5, lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, minute adpresse hispidis. Apparently erect, much branched, suffrutescent or the stems distinctly woody, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, the branches glabrous, the branchlets black when dry, sparsely pubescent, often distinctly zig-zag. Leaves opposite, those of each pair very unequal in size, the larger ones 4 to 6 cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide, the smaller ones 1 to 2 cm long, 1 cm wide or less, acuminate, glabrous, firmly chartaceous, dark-olivaceous when dry, base acute or acuminate, the cystoliths evident on both surfaces; lateral nerves of the larger leaves 4 to 5 on each side of the midrib, slender, their petioles 5 mm long or less. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, white, about 1.2 mm long, each subtended by a bract-like, oblong-spatulate, petiolate, 6 mm long leaf. Calyx-segments 5, lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, 5.5 Lata beaeelbiag oobi swiapebgridilanns Manin Sota XIII, C,1 Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 63 mm long, about 1.1 mm wide, slightly pubescent. Corolla-tube 5 mm long, lobes 6 mm long, the broader one broadly obovate, 5 mm wide, broadly 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, about 1.2 mm long, the narrower lobe about 1.4 mm wide above, slightly retuse. Stamens 2; anther cells one above the other, about 1 mm long. Ovary oblong, glabrous; style glabrous, 6 mm long. Capsule nearly 1 cm long, glabrous. ° LuzoN, Nueva Ecija Province, Mount Umingan, Bur. Sci. 26499 Ramos & Edaiio, September 5, 1916, on dry slopes, altitude about 100 meters. The alliance of this species appears to be with Justicia quadrifaria Wall., from which it is immediately distinguishable by its solitary or paired flowers and its very unequal leaves. Among the Philippine species so far described it is nearest to Justicia loheri C. B. Clarke, but that species has linear leaves and differs in numerous other characters. LEPIDAGATHIS Willdenow LEPIDAGATHIS MICROPHYLLA sp. nov. Herba suberecta e radices incrassatis, circiter 20 cm alta, ramis haud 1 mm diametro, teretibus, junioribus 4-angulatis, minutissime cinereo-puberulis; foliis ovatis, haud 1 cm longis, coriaceis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, integris, subtus puberulis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, prominentibus; spicis 1 ad 2 cm longis, faleatis, densis; bracteis imbricatis, lineari-lanceolatis, cinereo- pubescentibus, acuminatis, circiter 7 mm longis, haud lanato- Ciliatis ut in L. cinereae; floribus 5 mm longis, calycis lobis valde inaequalibus. A suberect, slender herb about 20 cm high, from somewhat thickened woody roots, the branches terete, less than 1 mm in - diameter, minutely puberulent, the younger branches distinctly 4-angled. Leaves ovate, coriaceous, olivaceous, 5 to 9 mm long, 8 to 7 mm wide, entire, acute to slightly acuminate, base rounded or obtuse, the upper surface glabrous or very slightly pubescent, the lower puberulent; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petioles 1.5 mm long or less. Spikes 1 to 2 cm long, dense, falcate. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 7 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, minutely cinereous-pubes- cent. Upper calyx lobe lanceolate, 6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the two lower ones 5.5 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, the two lateral ones 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, all pubescent. Corolla red- dish, 7mm long. Anthers 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27518 Ramos, March 10, 1917, on dry open hills at low altitudes. This species somewhat resembles a greatly dwarfed specimen of Lepi- dagathis cinerea Merr., to which it is distantly allied. It is distinguished 64. . The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 by its small size; in being herbaceous; in its ovate, much shorter leaves; and in its narrow, merely pubescent and not lanate-ciliate bracts. CUCURBITACEAE TRICHOSANTHES Linnaeus TRICHOSANTHES BRACTEATA (Lam.) Voigt Hort. Calc. (1845) 58. Modecca ? bracteata Lam. Encycl. 4 (1798) 410. LuzON, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27415 Ramos, March, 1917: Cavite Province, Alfonso, Bur. Sci. 22505 Ramos & Deroy, May, 1915. The two specimens cited above apparently represent forms of this some- ‘what polymorphous species, which other than F.-Villar’s previously unveri- fied record of Trichosanthes palmata Roxb., a synonym, has not been re- ported from the Philippines. The identification has been made wholly from the published descriptions; both specimens present only male flowers. India and Ceylon to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Timor. ALSOMITRA M. Roemer ALSOMITRA PUBESCENS sp. nov. Scandens, omnibus partibus sordide breviter pubescentibus; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, membrana- ceis, obscure olivaceis, usque ad 14 cm longis, integris, vel late- ralibus ad basi lobato-auriculatis; paniculis axillaribus, diffusis, multifloris, usque ad 20 cm longis, floribus ¢ circiter 6 mm diametro. Seandent, all. parts more or less pubescent with short, dirty- brown hairs, those on the stems and branches minutely capitate- glandular. Leaves 3-foliolate, the petioles usually about 3 cm long, the petiolules about 1 cm in length; leaflets ovate to ovate- elliptic, membranaceous, when dry dark-olivaceous, dull, entire, - acuminate, base usually acute, 8 to 14 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the terminal one usually larger than the lateral ones, the latter often with a short, oblong lobe on the margin near the base; © lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, distinct, ten- drils slender, forked, up to 20 cm in length. Panicles axillary, slender, peduncled, up to 20 cm long, many-flowered, the bracts and bracteoles linear. Staminate flowers rotate, about 6 mm in diameter, their pedicels up to 1 cm in length, slender. Sepals oblong, apiculate, 1.5 mm long, somewhat gibbous at the base, sparingly pubescent. Petals elliptic, rounded or apiculate, min- utely pubescent with short scattered hairs, about 3 mm long. Stamens 5, the filaments free, nearly 1 mm long. - Pistillate flowers and fruits not seen, : Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, trail to Dampalit Falls, For. Bur. 26346 Mabesa (type), January 23, 1917, in thickets, altitude 30 to 50 meters, flowers yellow; Baker 4471, January, 1917, “a large vine.” A eine tee ick cinamtengudinesiaalne meme) Nes See” ee XAU, G, 1 : Merrill: Philippine Plants, XIII 65 The alliance of this species is manifestly with Alsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hayata, which it rather closely resembles in appearance. It is easily distinguished by its 3-foliolate leaves and its indumentum. ILOCANIA genus novum (Plagiospermeae, Cucumerineae) Flores monoici, fasciculati. Masculi: Calycis tubus campanu- latus, limbus 5-dentatus, lobi anguste lanceolati, erecti. Corolla campanulata, infra medium 5-lobata, lobi ovati, obtusi. Stam- ina 3, libera, tubo calycis inserta, filamentis brevis; antherae bilocularis, loculis longitudinaliter triplicatis, connectivo angusto, ultra loculos non producto. Pollen globosum, laeve. Pistillo- . dium nullum. Flores ° : Corolla maris. Staminodia 3, linearia. Ovarium globosum vel ovoideum, 3-loculare; ovula in loculis 3 vel 4, horizontalia; stylus erectus, trifidus, stigmatibus crassis, furcatis. Fructus globosis vel ovoideis, laevis, baccatis, parvis, indehiscens, circiter 12-spermus. Semina haud compressa, mar- ginata, tumida, corrugata.—Herba scandens, annua, tenuis, glabra; foliis anguste pedato-lobatis, lobis 5 vel 7 linearis ad anguste oblanceolatis, apiculatis, margine obscure denticulatis, chartaceis vel membranaceis; cirrhis bifidis; floribus parvis, flavido-viridis; fructibus parvis, laevis. - [LOCANIA PEDATA sp. nov. Herba scandens, glabra vel floribus extus parcissime pubescen- tibus, ramis longitudinaliter sulcatis, tenuibus; foliis in ambitu late ovatis, cordatis, profunde 5- vel 7-lobatis, lobis usque ad 7 em longis, exterioribus minoribus; petiolo leviter aculeato- denticulato; floribus 5-meris, axillaribus, fasciculatis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 10 mm longis, campanulatis; fructibus glo- bosis vel ovoideis, circiter 1.5 em diametro; seminibus circiter 5 mm longis. A glabrous, monoecious, slender, apparently annual vine, the branches about 1.5 mm in diameter, smooth, sulcate. Leaves broadly ovate in outline, cordate, pedately divided into 5 or 7 narrow lobes which extend almost to the base, the lobes char- taceous or membranaceous, dark-olivaceous, linear to narrowly - oblanceolate, 5 to 7 cm long, 2 to 7 mm wide, usually narrowed at both ends, sinuses acute to rounded, tips apiculate-acuminate, margins distantly denticulate, the upper surface, in mature leaves, with numerous, rather prominent, scabrid, minute white spots; petioles usually somewhat aculeate-denticulate, about 3 cm long. Tendrils bifid, slender, at least 10 cm long. Flowers axillary, fascicled, greenish-yellow, campanulate, about 10 mm 163049-———5 66 The Philippine Journal of Science long, usually one pistillate and two to four staminate ones in a fascicle, but one or two developing at one time; pedicels 2 to 4 mm long. Staminate flowers: Calyx about 4 mm long, campa- nulate, the lobes 5, narrowly lanceolate, about 2.5 long. Co- rolla lobes ovate, obtuse, slightly pubescent, about 6 mm long, 5-nerved. Stamens 3, in mature bud entirely free, the filaments short, the anthers about 3 mm long, sigmoid, 2-celled. Pistillate flowers similar to the staminate ones. Staminodes 3, linear, 2 to 3 mm long. Ovary globose, 3-celled; ovules usually 4 in each cell, horizontal. Style about 2 mm long, the arms 3, about 3 mm long; stigmas stout, dichotomous. Fruit globose or ovoid, baccate, smooth, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Seeds about 12, about 5 mm long, margined, not compressed, prominently swollen at right angles to the margin in the upper one-half, flattened below, rugose. Luzon, Ilocos Norte Province, Bangui, Bur. Sci. 27552 27490 Ramos, February, 1917, borders of clearings at low altitudes, locally known as parparya. This species is readily recognized by its very narrowly lobed leaves, and in its vegetative characters it is radically different from any other form known to me. I cannot place it in any described genus, although, except in its ovule characters, it conforms closely with the American-African genus Cayaponia in most respects. However its ovules, while few in number, are horizontal, hence placing it in the Pleiospermae. The stamens, entirely free in mature buds, but appearing as if united in dried flowers, are those of the Cucumerineae, and it apparently comes in the group with Sicania and Physedra, yet is very different from both of these genera. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BoTANY Vou. XIII MARCH, 1918 eG. 2 NEW SPECIES OF BORNEAN PLANTS By E. D. MERRILL’ (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila) In the past two years I have published three papers on the Bornean flora,? the present one being essentially like those already issued. These papers have been the necessary pre- liminary ones in preparation for the publication of my “Biblio- graphic Enumeration of Bornean Plants” the manuscript of which is now completed, and which is to be published by the Sarawak Museum. No new species are described in the enume- ration, but only those species are included that have been de- scribed from or credited to Borneo. The present paper consists of the descriptions of sixty-one new or presumably new species in the families Magnoliaceae, Connaraceae, Leguminosae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sterculiaceae, Dilleniaceae, Passifloraceae, Flacourtiaceae, Myrta- ceae, Araliaceae, Clethraceae, Myrsinaceae, Oleaceae, Gentiana- ceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Rubiaceae. f MAGNOLIACEAE ILLICIUM Linnaeus ILLICIUM STAPFII sp. nov. Illictum sp. Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (1894) 128, cum descr. To Stapf’s diagnosis I add the following data from our re- — cently collected material: Leaves up to 17 cm long and 9 cm 1 Professor of botany, University of the Philippines. * Merrill, E. D., Notes on the Flora of Borneo, Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 49-100: Contributions to our knowledge of the flora of Borneo, Journ. Str. Branch Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917) 75-117: Alabastra Borneensia, op. cit. 77 (1917) 189-247. 154870 67 68 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 wide, subopposite or subverticillate. Flowers dull-red. Sepals of fully mature flowers up to 12 mm in length, the petals about as long as but broader than the sepals. Fruiting pedicels up to 8 cm in length, the carpels as many as 11, of which two or three are usually aborted, the individual carpels about 12 mm long, lanceolate, acuminate, spreading. BriITISsH NorTH BoRNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Marai Parai Spur, Mrs. Clemens 10995, 11081, 10949, November 22 and December 1 and 3, 1915, a shrub or small tree 2 to 6 m high. The specimens agree with Stapf’s diagnosis based on Haviland 1272 from Kinataki, Mount Kinabalu, and I have no doubt that they represent the same species. Stapf considered that the species was perhaps most closely allied to Illicium cambodianum Hance, which Finet & Gagnepain place as a variety of IJllicium griffithii Hook. f. & Th. My specimens of Illicium cambodianum Hance differ remarkably from this Bornean form in their smaller, very obscurely and fewer-nerved leaves. CONNARACEAE CONNARUS Linnaeus CONNARUS AGAMAE sp. nov. Arbor fide Agama, partibus junioribus minute subferrugineo- pubescens, ramis ramulisque crassis, teretibus; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis subcoriaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 23 cm longis, basi rotundatis, apice acuminatis, supra pallidis, niti- dis, subtus ad costa nervisque minute puberulis, nervis utrinque 13 ad 15, subtus prominentibus; paniculis axillaribus terminali- busque, sub fructu usque ad 35 cm longis; folliculis inaequilatera- liter obovoideis, leviter compressis, crasse carinatis, 5 ad 6 cm longis, apice lateraliter breviter rostratis, basi cuneatis, extus glabris, brunneis, nitidis, oblique striatis, intus densissime sim- pliciter tomentosis. A tree fide Agama, the older parts glabrous, the branchlets, inflorescences, and lower surface of the leaflets minutely sub- ferruginous-puberulent. Branches and branchlets terete, stout, the former about 8 mm in diameter, glabrous, brownish, spar- ingly lenticellate, the latter subferruginous-puberulent. Leaves 3-foliolate, or the uppermost ones 1-foliolate, the petiole and rachis up to 17 cm in length; leaflets oblong to oblong-elliptic, subcoriaceous, 17 to 23 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, somewhat acuminate, base rounded, the upper surface pale, shining, gla- brous, the lower minutely puberulent especially along the midrib and lateral nerves; lateral nerves 13 to 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, somewhat curved, anastomosing, the reticula- tions slender, rather distinct; petiolules stout, rugose, puberulent, or ultimately glabrous. Panicles axillary and terminal, in fruit CO eS ee eee a ee eee ee XH, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 69 up to 35 cm in length, the lower branches often subtended by 1-foliolate leaves, the branches up to 20 cm in length, more or less ferruginous-puberulent, or in age nearly glabrous. Follicles, including the stalk, 5 to 6 cm long, inequilaterally obovoid, somewhat compressed, about 3 cm wide, the sutures rather stoutly keeled, one side nearly straight or but slightly curved, the other very prominently curved, the apex broadly rounded and laterally subrostrate with a stout short beak, narrowed below to the stout, 1 to 1.5 cm long pseudostalk, the pericarp brown, shining, diagonally striate and glabrous externally, almost woody in texture, inside very densely tomentose with somewhat fulvous, simple, shining, short hairs. Aril 2-lobed, the lobes suborbi- cular, about 8 mm long, the seed very immature. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, Tawao, Agama 422, July 14, 1917, on ridges, the fruit greenish-red. This species is strongly characterized by its 3-foliate leaves, many- nerved, rather large leaflets, and its large, inequilaterally obovoid, laterally beaked follicles, which are densely tomentose within with simple hairs, but glabrous and shining outside. It is probably as closely allied to Connarus grandis Jack as to other species. CONNARUS BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis amplis, minute ferrugineo- pubescens; foliis 3- vel 5-foliolatis, foliolis oblongo-ovatis, utrin- que glabris, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, basi obtusis ad subro- tundatis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5, perspicuis, curvato-adscen- dentibus; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, usque ad 25 cm longis, multifloris; floribus circiter 5 mm longis, sepalis anguste oblongis, obtusis, pubescentibus, petalis oblanceolatis, nigro- punctatis, glabris, quam sepalis duplo longioribus; folliculis cir- citer 3 cm longis, oblique obovoideis, leviter compressis, stipitatis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, apice late rotundatis, lateraliter breviter acuteque rostratis, basi cuneatis, junioribus extus par- cissime pubescentibus glabrescentibus, intus pilis paucis simpli- cibus adpressis instructis. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the minutely pubescent or puberulent inflorescences, the indumentum ferruginous or sub- ferruginous. Branches terete, brownish, sparingly lenticellate, the young branchlets usually slightly pubescent. Leaves 3- or _5-foliolate, about 20 cm long, the rachis and petiole glabrous; leaflets oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, usually brown when dry, shining, 8 to 13 cm long, 4 to 5 em wide, apex acute to slightly acuminate, base obtuse to somewhat rounded; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascend- 70 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ing, anastomosing, the reticulations fine, close, not prominent; petiolules about 5 mm long. Panicles axillary and terminal, up to 25 cm in length, the lower branches up to 20 cm long, more or less ferruginous-puberulent or pubescent, or the in- dumentum dark-brown, the bracts and bracteoles 1 mm long or less. Flowers about 5 mm long, their pedicels 1 mm long or less. Sepals narrowly oblong, pubescent, obtuse, about, 2.6 mm long, sparingly black glandular-punctate. Petals twice as long as 'the sepals, glabrous, oblanceolate, obtuse, about 1.4 mm wide above, distinctly black glandular-punctate. Longer filaments 5 mm, the shorter ones less than 1 mm,in length. Ovary ovoid, pubescent; style about 2 mm long. Follicles obliquely obovoid, slightly compressed, including the stipe about 3 cm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, with a short, lateral, acute beak, the base gradually narrowed, cuneate, the stipe about 6 mm long, the pericarp coriaceous, brown and shining when dry, obliquely and finely striate, when young sparingly pubescent outside, soon becoming glabrous, inside sparingly hirsute with widely scattered, appressed, simple hairs. SARAWAK, Mount Santubong, Native collector 2361 (type) Bur. Sci., without locality Native collector 240 Bur. Sci.; British NorTH BoRNEO, Sandakan, Villamil 191, March 22, 1916. This species may be distinguished by its glabrous petals, which are twice as long as the sepals; its ample paniculate inflorescences; and its follicles, which are sparingly hirsute inside with widely scattered, appressed, simple hairs. CONNARUS DENSIFLORUS sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis dense subferrugineo-pubescens, ramis glabris, verruculoso-lenticellatis ; foliis circiter 13 cm longis, 5-foliolatis, foliolis crasse coriaceis, ellipticis, usque ad 8 cm longis, pallide brunneis, nitidis, acumi- natis, basi subrotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, tenuibus, obscu- ris; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 20 cm longis, e basi ramosis, ramis valde elongatis; floribus numerosis, in ramulis ultimis dense confertis, circiter 5.5 mm longis, petalis quam . sepalis quadruplo longioribus, anguste lanceolatis, utrinque puberulis. A shrub or tree, possibly scandent, the very young branchlets and the inflorescences rather densely subferruginous-pubescent or puberulent with short, simple hairs. Branches terete, brown- ish, about 5 mm in diameter, rather prominently verruculose- lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves about 13 cm long, the rachis and — petiole 6 to 7 cm long, glabrous. Leaflets thickly coriaceous, subelliptic, pale-brownish when dry, shining, 6 to 8 em long, XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants a 4 to 5 cm wide, apex distinctly acuminate, base subrounded; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, indis- tinct, as are the reticulations, curved, anastomosing; petiolules up to 8 mm in length. Panicles terminal, branched from the base, the branches up to 20 cm in length, densely many-flowered, the flowers crowded on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 mm long or less, ebracteolate. Sepals pubescent, obtuse, nar- rowly oblong, about 15 mm long. Petals rather densely pale- or subfulvous-puberulent on both surfaces, narrowly lanceolate, about 6 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. Longer filaments 5 mm long, the shorter ones 1.2 mm in length. Ovary ovoid, the style 2 mm in length, both densely fulvous-pubescent. SARAWAK, Retuh, Sadong, Native collector 2550 Bur. Sci. This species is well characterized by its 5-foliolate, entirely glabrous leaves, thickly coriaceous, obscurely nerved leaflets, and densely flowered inflorescences, which are terminal and branched from the base. The leaflets somewhat resemble those of Connarus pachyphyllus Merr., but the nerves are obscure, while the inflorescence is entirely different from the infruc- tescence of the latter species. CONNARUS PACHYPHYLLUS sp. nov. Arbor, ut videtur glabra, ramis perspicue verruculoso-lenti- cellatis; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis crassissime coriaceis, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 11 cm longis, in siccitate brunneis vel olivaceo-brunneis, nitidis, basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis, apice latissime et obtuse breviter acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 9, haud prominentibus; infructescentiis depauperato- cymosis vel paniculatis, lateralibus, folliculis exceptis circiter 2.5 em longis; folliculis leviter inaequilateralibus, longe stipita- tis, leviter compressis, 3.5 ad 4 cm longis, subellipsoideis, apice rotundatis, basi acuminatis, extus irregulariter rugosis, glabris, nitidis, intus glabris. A tree, fide Foxworthy, apparently glabrous throughout (inflo- rescences not seen). Branches terete, grayish-brown, glabrous, prominently verruculose-lenticellate. Leaves about 20 cm long, 8-foliolate, the petiole and rachis about 8 cm long, brownish, rugose, shining. Leaflets very thickly coriaceous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 9 to 11 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, base broadly rounded to subcordate, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, margins recurved, when dry brownish or brownish-olivaceous, prominently shining, the upper surface smooth; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of: the midrib, rather distinct but not prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax; petiolules 6 to 8 mm long, rugose, glabrous. Infructescences lateral, a depauperate cyme or panicle, the rachis and branches 2.5 cm 72 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 long or less. Follicles stipitate, up to 4 cm in length, about 2.2 cm wide, somewhat compressed, slightly inequil:teral, stipi- tate, subellipsoid, the apex rounded, laterally and obscurely beaked, base acuminate, the pseudostalk about 1 cm long, the pericarp externally irregularly rugose when dry, brownish, shin- ing, entirely glabrous outside and within. Seeds large, some- what compressed, 2 to 2.5 cm long, smooth, dark-brown, shining, the aril bilobed, the lobes broadly ovoid, rounded, up to 1.5 cm long, radiately rugose, the margins undulate. SaRAWAK, Lundu, Foxworthy 35, May 10, 1908, the fruit yellow when fresh, the seed black, and the aril yellow; local name (Dyak) bua tumut. This species is strongly characterized by its 3-foliolate leaves, its very thickly coriaceous, glabrous leaflets, and its very depauperate lateral inflorescences. It is not closely allied to any other species known to me; the follicles are entirely glabrous without and within. CONNARUS PLUMOSO-STELLATUS sp. nov. Frutex ut videtur scandens, ramulis et petiolis et subtus foliis et inflorescentiis densissime ferrugineo-tomentosis, indumento stellato-plumosus; foliis 14 ad 27 cm longis, 5- vel 7-foliolatis, foliolis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 11 cm longis, tenuiter acumi- natis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 5 ad 7, perspicuis; paniculis terminalibus axillaribusque, usque ad 30 cm longis; petalis an- guste oblanceolatis, utrinque glabris, 6.5 ad 8 mm longis. A shrub, apparently scandent, the branchlets, petioles, and rachis, lower surface of the leaflets, and the inflorescences very densely ferruginous-pubescent with characteristic stellate-plu- mose hairs. Branches and branchlets terete, brown. Leaves 14 to 27 cm long, 5- or 7-foliolate; leaflets mostly oblong, coria- ceous, 7 to 11 cm long, 2 to 4 em wide, the upper surface brown, glabrous, shining, the lower densely tomentose, the apex slen- derly acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax, distinct on the lower surface; petio- lules densely tomentose, 3 mm long or less. Panicles axillary and terminal, up to 30 cm in length, the primary branches up to 10 cm in length, the bracts and bracteoles linear, curved, — about 5 mm long, densely tomentose. Flowers yellow. Sepals linear-oblong, 4 to 5 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, 6.5 to 8 mm long, glandular-punctate, glabrous, obtuse or subacute. Five longer filaments 3 to 4 mm long, the five alternating ones 1 to2 mm in length. Ovary ovoid, very densely stellate-plumose-pubescent, the hairs up to 1.5 mm in length. XIU, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 73 SARAWAK, Matang Road near Kuching, Native collector 1062, 725 (type), the latter collected May 31, 1901; Samatan, Foxworthy 157, in swampy places, May 20, 1908, with the Dyak name guid malam. This species is readily recognizable by its very dense and characteristic, ferruginous, stellate-plumose indumentum. From Blume’s entirely inad- equate description it might be Tricholobus ferrugineus Blume Mus. 1 (1850) 237, which King considers to be the same as Connarus ferrugineus Jack, a species entirely different from the present one, but which Schel- lenberg, who has examined Blume’s type specimen, states is identical with Connarus hebephylius King. It seems, on the whole, to be closely allied to the Sumatran Tricholobus fulvus Blume, and may prove to be identical with Blume’s species; however, Blume’s specific name is invalid in Connarus, so that I have not hesitated in describing the present species under a different specific name. LEGUMINOSAE CRUDIA Schreber CRUDIA RETICULATA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 7 m alta, glabra, ramulis tenuibus; foliis 2- vel 3-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 23 cm longis, in siccitate pallide brunneis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 10, supra plus minusve impressis, subtus cum reticulis laxis valde prominulis, arcuato-anastomosantibus; leguminis inaequilatera- libus, oblongo-faleatis, usque ad 10 cm longis et 3 cm latis, obtusis, valvis crasse coriaceis, laxe reticulatis. A tree about 7 m high, entirely glabrous (flowers unknown), the branches and branchlets terete, brownish, the latter slender. Leaves 2- or 3-foliolate, the petiole and rachis 2 to 4 cm long, the latter slightly projecting above the ultimate petiolule; leaflets in general oblong, chartaceous, pale-brownish and shining when dry, 15 to 23 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, the apex slenderly caudate- acuminate, the acumen blunt, up to 3.5 cm in length, base rounded to subacute; primary lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, on the upper surface with the midrib and arcuate marginal nerves somewhat impressed, on the lower sur- face with the lax reticulations very prominent, arched-anastomos- ing 5 to 10 mm from the edge of the leaf; petiolules brown, rugose, 5 mm long or less; stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 7 mm long. Pods oblong, somewhat inequilaterally fal- cate, obtuse, 8 to 10 cm long, about 3 cm wide, one suture nearly straight, the other curved, the valves glabrous, laxly reticulate, coriaceous, brown and often slightly glaucous when * Beitr. Vergleich. Anat, Connar. (1910) 75. 74 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 dry; seeds 1 or 2, compressed, brown, 3 to 3.5 cm long, about 2 cm wide. BRITISH NoRTH BORNEO, Sapagaya River, Sandakan District, Villamil $93, September, 1917, in level lands, altitude about 10 meters. This strongly characterized species is well marked by its few, rather large, prominently and laxly reticulate, slenderly caudate-acuminate leaf- lets; its laxly reticulate valves; and in being entirely glabrous throughout. It differs radically from Crudia havilandi Prain, to which it is apparently most closely allied, in its fewer, much larger, more numerously nerved leaflets. RUTACEAE MELICOPE Forster MELICOPE UNIFOLIOLATA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque excep- tis glabra; foliis 1-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, olivaceis vel brun- neis, nitidis, oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 15 cm longis, acuminatis © ad rotundatis, basi cuneatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 18, distinctis, anastomosantibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus ter-— minalibusque, paucifloris, pedunculatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, 2.5 mm longis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, parce pubescentibus. A shrub or tree, glabrous except the tips of the branchlets and the inflorescences. Branches pale when dry, glabrous, com- pressed. Leaves all 1-foliolate, the leaflets chartaceous, oliva- ceous or brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, 10 to 15 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, mostly oblong-elliptic, the lower surface distinctly glandular-puncticulate, the apex broadly acuminate and apiculate to broadly rounded, the base cuneate; primary lateral nerves about 13 on each side of the midrib, distinct, anastomosing, the reticulations irregular, distinct; petioles 1 to 2cm long. Cymes axillary and terminal, 3 to 6 cm long, few- flowered, sparingly fulvous- to cinereous-pubescent, the primary branches few, 1 cm long or less, each bearing from. three to six subumbellately arranged flowers at their apices, the pedicels up to 4mm in length. Calyx-lobes pubescent, ovate, obtuse, 0.4 mm long or less. Petals sparingly pubescent, oblong-ovate, acute or slightly acuminate, about 2.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Sta- mens 8, the filaments equal. SARAWAK, Hose 539, 556 (type), Miri River, January, 1895. This is one of the few known representatives of the genus with 1-foliolate leaves and is manifestly allied to Melicope helferi Hook. f. of the Andaman Islands, from which it is distinguished, among other char- acters, by its differently shaped, more numerously nerved leaflets and pubescent inflorescences and tips of the young branchlets. XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 15 MELIACEAE DYSOXYLUM Blume DYSOXYLUM KINABALUENSE sp. nov. § Hudysoxylum. Arbor glabra, circiter 10 m alta; foliis alternis, circiter 40 cm longis, foliolis omnibus alternis, utrinque circiter 4, distanti- bus, oblongis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate minute verruculosis, tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, plerumque plus minusve inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque cir- citer 10; inflorescentiis axillaribus, simplicibus, racemiformibus, circiter 10 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 4-meris, circiter 6 mm longis, calycis brevibus, subcupulatis, 4-dentatis, petalis extus puberulis, liberis, tubo libero, extus puberulo, ovario minute puberulo. : A glabrous tree about 10 m high, the branches slender, the ultimate branchlets 3 mm in diameter or less. . Leaves alternate, about 40 cm long, the leaflets all alternate, distant, about 4 on each side of the rachis, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, 12 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, apex slenderly acuminate, base acute, usually distinctly inequilateral, when dry suboliva- ceous, or somewhat brownish beneath, slightly shining or dull, minutely but not densely verruculose; lateral nerves rather slender, about 10 on each side of the midrib, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations nearly obsolete; petiolules 5 to 8 mm long. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, racemiform, about 10 cm long, few-flowered, the rachis castaneous when dry, min- utely and obscurely puberulent, the very short, few-flowered branchlets 3 mm long or less. Flowers cream-colored, 4-merous, about 6 mm long, their pedicels very short. Calyx slightly cup-shaped, dark-brown when dry, obscurely puberulent, the teeth 4, short, triangular-ovate, subacute. Petals 4, free, nar- rowly oblong, 5.5 mm long, slightly puberulent. Staminal-tube cylindric, 5 mm long, shallowly 8-toothed, slightly puberulent externally, glabrous within. Anthers 8. Ovary and style min- utely cinereous-puberulent, 4.5 mm long. Disk glabrous, 2 mm long, cylindric, obscurely crenate. BRITISH NorTH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Gurulau Spur, Mrs. Clemens 10803, November 27, 1917, in forests. The alliance of this species is manifestly with the Philippine Dysorylum palawanense Merr. and D. panayense Merr. from both of which it differs in numerous details. It is distinctly closer to the latter than to the former. Probably referable here is Clemens 10820, same locality and date, in fruit. The fruits are bright-orange when fresh, when dry castaneous, glabrous, shining, obovoid, about 4.5 cm long. 76 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 WALSURA Roxburgh WALSURA GLABRA sp. nov. Arbor glabra, foliis plerumque 3-foliolatis interdum basi folio- lis binis depauperatis additis 5-foliolatis, foliolis majoribus oblongo-ellipticis, utrinque acuminatis, chartaceis, nitidis, usque ad 15 cm longis; paniculis usque ad 5 cm longis, paucifloris, floribus 5-meris, sepalis obovatis, imbricatis, liberis, staminibus 10, intus infra antheris barbatis, basi leviter connatis, apice bilacinatis; ovario hirsuto. A glabrous tree, the branches grayish, terete, somewhat wrin- kled. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, sometimes by the addition of a pair of depauperate basal leaflets 5-foliolate, up to 20 cm long, the larger leaflets in general oblong-elliptic, acuminate and subequally narrowed at both ends, chartaceous, rather pale when dry, shining on both surfaces; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing, distinct; petiolules 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Panicles up to 5 cm in length, few-flowered. Flowers pale-yellow, 5-merous. Sepals obovate, rounded, free, imbricate, 1.5 to 2 mm long, so strongly narrowed below as to be almost clawed, glabrous. Petals oblong-elliptic, 4 mm long, glabrous. Stamens 10, united for the lower 0.5 mm, flattened, bearded on the inside below the insertion of the anther, cleft at the apex into two narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 1 mm long lobes. Ovary densely hirsute; style very short; stigma capitate. SARAWAK, Siol, Native collector 2438 Bur. Sci., February-June, 1914. By definition this characteristic species might almost as well be placed in the American-African' genus Trichilia as in the Indo-Malayan genus Walsura, but in the absence of fruits I have placed it in the latter genus. It is well characterized by its usually 3-foliolate but sometimes 5-foliolate leaves, the basal pair of leaflets, when present, being very greatly reduced in size, and in its free, broadly obovate, imbricate, almost clawed sepals. AGLAIA Loureiro AGLAIA CLEMENTIS sp. nov. § Hearnia. Arbor, inflorescentiis perspicue stellato-pubescentibus, indum- ento castaneo; foliis circiter 30 cm longis, alternis, foliolis 9, oblongis ad anguste oblongo-obovatis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 13 em longis, breviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad obtusis, supra pallidis, glabris, subtus brunneis, ad costa nervisque perspicue stellato-lepidotis, nervis utrinque circiter 25, perspicuis, subtus prominulis; paniculis axillaribus foliis subaequantibus vel paullo brevioribus, multifloris, ramis inferioribus usque ad 12 cm longis; floribus racemose dispositis, 5-meris, breviter pedicellatis, calycis extus dense castaneo-stellato-pubescentibus, breviter 5-lobatis, ————— XIII, C,2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 77 lobis obtusis; petalis liberis, circiter 1.5 mm longis, tubo turbi- nato, libero. A large tree according to Mrs. Clemens, the branchlets and petioles densely and minutely castaneous-lepidote or subfurfura- ceous, the ultimate branchlets 4 mm in diameter or less. Leaves alternate, about 30 cm long; leaflets 9, opposite, firmly charta- ceous to subcoriaceous, oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, 8 to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide, the upper surface pale when dry, glabrous, the lower brownish with the costa and nerves conspicuously stellate-lepidote, the indumentum castaneous, with scattered hairs on the epidermis, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded to obtuse; lateral nerves about 25 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations ob- scure; petiolules densely and minutely castaneous-lepidote, 5 mm long or less. Panicles axillary, usually about as long as the leaves, peduncled, pyramidal, the lower branches up to 12 cm in length, all parts rather densely stellate-pubescent with short, castaneous hairs. Flowers numerous, brownish-yellow, race- mosely arranged on the ultimate branches, somewhat crowded, their pedicels 1 to 2mm long. Calyx 2mm in diameter (spread), stellate-pubescent, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, ob- tuse, extending less than one-half to the base. Petals 5, free, glabrous, subelliptic, about 1.5 mm long. Staminal-tube turbi- nate, free, 0.8 mm high, the margins obscurely crenulate. Anthers 5, inserted on the margin of the tube. Rudimentary ovary minutely pubescent. British NorTH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Minitindok Gorge, Mrs. Clemens 10484, November 19, 1915, near the river. This species is apparently not closely allied to any of the Malayan species of this section previously described, although somewhat resembling some forms of the Philippine Aglaia harmsiana Perk. Its true alliance is apparently with Aglaia elliptica Blume. AGLAIA HETEROPHYLLA sp. nov. § Hearnia. Species ut videtur H. sarawakanae affinis. Ramulis et inflo- rescentiis minutissime et dense cupreo-lepidotis; foliis alternis, 12 ad 18 cm longis, foliolis 2 ad 5, chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, apice subcaudato- acuminatis, basi acutis, supra glabris, in siccitate griseis, nitidis, costa supra impressa, subtus parcissime lepidotis, nervis latera- libus utrinque 10 ad 12, tenuibus; inflorescentiis paniculatis, axillaribus, 8 ad 12 cm longis, pedunculatis, ramis paucis, patulis, paucifloris; floribus racemose dispositis, laxis, 5-meris, calycis stellato-tomentosis, lobis ovatis, pabarnts: petalis liberis, subel- lipticis, 1.2 mm longis, © 78 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 A tree, the branches rugose, glabrous, the branchlets densely cupreous-lepidote with minute appressed scales, the ultimate branches about 2 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, 12 to 18 cm long, the rachis and petioles very minutely subcupreous- © lepidote; leaflets 2 to 5, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, firmly chartaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 5 em wide, the upper surface grayish, somewhat shining, glabrous, the lower somewhat brown- ish, very sparingly lepidote near the midrib and nerves, the base acute, the apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, slender, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath; petiolules 5 mm long or less. Panicles axillary, 8 to 12 cm long, peduncled, lax, few-flowered, the branches spreading, the lower ones up to 6 cm in length. Flowers 5-merous, laxly and race- mosely arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, stellate-pubescent, the lobes ovate, subacute, extending two-thirds to the base. Petals 5, free, subelliptic,; about 1.2 mm long. Staminal tube turbinate, gla- brous, 1 mm long, margins crenulate. Anthers 5, inserted on the margin of the tube. SARAWAK, Baram District, Mount Treken, Hose 555, July, 1895, altitude about 330 meters. This species is apparently as closely allied to Aglaia sarawakana (A. DC.) as to any other described form, but has more numerous, differently shaped, smaller leaflets, while the sepals are distinctly united for the lower one-third. In facies the species resembles the Philippine Aglaia luzoniensis (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe, but is not closely allied to this form, which normally has 1-foliolate leaves. AGLAIA MOULTONII sp. nov. § Hearnia. Arbor, ramis et foliis glabris, paniculis magnis, minute ferrugineo-stellato-tomentosis; foliis alternis 25 ad 30 cm longis, foliolis circiter 12, oppositis et alternis, lanceolatis, coriaceis usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate atro-brunneis vel olivaceo- brunneis, nitidis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi obtusis, plerum- que distincte inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque 12 ad 14, subtus distinctis, prominulis, curvatis, vix anastomosantibus; paniculis amplis, quam foliis multo longioribus, axillaribus, usque ad 40 em longis, pedunculatis, pyramidatis, multifloris; floribus in ramulis ultimis racemose dispositis, confertis, breviter pedicella- tis, 5-meris; calycis dense stellato-pubescentibus, breviter 5- lobatis, lobis acutis; petalis liberis; tubo turbinato, vix 0.5 mm longo. A tree, the branches and leaves entirely glabrous, the inflores- cences minutely, and on the younger parts rather densely, XIII, ©, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 79 ferruginous-pubescent with short, stellately arranged hairs. Branches smooth, terete, olivaceous-brownish, the ultimate ones 3 mm in diameter. Leaves rather distant, alternate, 25 to 30 ~ em long; leaflets about 12, alternate and opposite, lanceolate, coriaceous, dark-brown or olivaceous-brown and shining when dry, 11 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 4 em wide, apex slenderly acuminate, base obtuse and usually distinctly inequilateral, one side of the lamina extending below the other on the petiolule; lateral nerves 12 to 14 on each side of the midrib, obscure on the upper surface, prominent beneath, curved, scarcely anastomosing, the reticula- tions distinct or indistinct; petiolules 5 to 9 mm long. Panicles axillary, exceeding the leaves, up to 40 cm in length, shortly peduncled, pyramidal, very many flowered, the lower branches up to 15 cm in length, the older parts nearly glabrous, the younger parts rather densely but minutely stellate-pubescent with fer- ruginous hairs. Flowers racemose, small, densely arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels short. Calyx densely stellate-pubescent, 5-lobed, the lobes less than one-half the length of the calyx, acute. Petals 5, free, suborbicular to elliptic-ovate, 1 mm long or less. Staminal tube free, turbinate, 0.5 mm long, crenulate. Anthers 5, attached on the margin of the tube. SARAWAK, Amproh River, Native collector 2138 Bur. Sci., February- June, 1914. — This species, dedicated to Captain J. C. Moulton, formerly director of the Sarawak Museum, is well characterized in the section Hearnia by its glabrous branches and leaves and its very large densely and many flowered panicles. It does not appear to be very closely allied to any pre- viously described species. AGLAIA MATTHEWSII sp. nov. § Huaglaia. Arbor circiter 5 m alta, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis minute ferrugineo-stellato-pubescentibus, ramis teretibus, gla- bris ; foliis omnibus 1-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 15 cm longis, nitidis, apice prominente sed obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque circiter 15; paniculis axillaribus, foliis subaequantibus, pauciramosis, ramis patulis, inferioribus usque ad 7 cm longis; fioribus subsessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, in ramulis ultimis spicatim vel racemose dispositis, interdum subglomeratis, 5-meris; petalis liberis, oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, circiter 1.8 mm longis. A tree about 5 m high, the very young branchlets and inflores- cences minutely ferruginous-pubescent with short, stellate hairs, otherwise glabrous or nearly so. Branches terete, glabrous, grayish. Leaves all 1-foliolate, the leaflets in general oblong, 10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the 80 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 acute base and to the rather prominently but obtusely acuminate apex, the acumen 1.5 cm long or less, pale-olivaceous and shining when dry, glabrous, or the lower surface in young leaves with very few, widely scattered, stellate hairs; midrib projecting on both surfaces; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations close, slender; petioles 1 to 1.5 em long, jointed at or above the middle, glabrous. Panicles axillary, about as long as the leaves, lax, pyramidal, branched from near the base, the primary branches few, spreading, the lower ones up to 7 cm in length, densely ferruginous-stellate-pubescent with short hairs, the sec- ondary branches when present usually less than 1 cm long, the flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicelled, pale-yellow, 5- merous, subspicately or subracemosely arranged, sometimes sub- glomerate. Calyx-lobes elliptic, rounded, densely and minutely stellate-pubescent, 0.8 mm long. Petals free, glabrous, oblong to oblong-obovate, 1.8mm long. Staminal-tube obovoid, about 1.2 mm in diameter, contracted to the 0.5 mm orifice, not at all toothed. Stamens 5, included. Ovary minutely pubescent. British NorTH BORNEO, Marutai watershed near Tawau, Villamil $68, May 28, 1917, on forested slopes at low altitudes. This species, dedicated to Mr. D. M. Matthews, conservator of forests, British North Borneo, falls in the group of the very few species having unifoliolate leaves, such as A. luzoniensis (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe (Aglaia monophylla Perk.) of the Philippines and Celebes, from which Aglaia unifoliolata Koord. cannot be distinguished, A. simplicifolia Harms of New Guinea (an invalid name), and Aglaia simplicifolia (Bedd.) Harms (Beddomea simplicifolia Bedd.) of India, from all of which it is distin- guished by numerous characters. From the Bornean Aglaia submonophylla Mig. it is distinguished by its constantly 1-foliolate leaves, its much longer inflorescences, and by its indumentum not being all lepidote. EUPHORBIACEAE CLEISTANTHUS Hooker f. CLEISTANTHUS OLIGOPHLEBIUS sp. nov. § Stipulati. Species C. paxii Jabl. affinis, differt omnibus partibus (floribus et frutibus exceptis) glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 vel 4, valde obliquis. Frutex vel arbor, ramis ramulisque tenuibus, glabris; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, chartaceis vel sub- coriaceis, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, subtus valde perspicuis, curvato-adscendentibus; fructibus sessilibus, 3-lobatis circiter 12 mm diametro, parcissime adpresse hirsutis glabrescentibus. A shrub or small tree, glabrous except the flower and fruits. Branches and branchlets slender, terete or subterete, the former XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 81 reddish-brown, the latter pale-brownish. Leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, rather pale and shin- ing when dry, 7 to 9 cm long, 3 to 3.5 cm wide, base acute to somewhat rounded, apex rather prominently acuminate, the acu- men up to 1 cm in length, obtuse; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved- ascending, all or most of them leaving the midrib below its middle, the uppermost pair extending to the apex, the reticula- tions not prominent; petioles rugose, about 5 mm long; stipules coriaceous, persistent, about 2.5 mm long. Flowers fascicled, axillary, apparently sessile. Fruits sessile, 3-lobed, about 12 mm in diameter, pale-brownish and shining when dry, appar- ently glabrous or nearly so at full maturity, but the apical por- tion of those examined appressed-hirsute; styles appressed- hirsute; persistent calyx lobes lanceolate, about 2.5 mm long, appressed-pubescent externally. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, Marutai watershed near Tawau, Villamil 339, June 4, 1917. This species is strongly characterized by its few-nerved leaves, the nerves strongly curved-ascending, mostly leaving the midrib in its lower one-half, the upper pair reaching the apex of the leaf. It is most closely allied to Cleistanthus paxii Jabl. among the described species of the genus. MALLOTUS Loureiro MALLOTUS WOODII sp. nov. § Axenfeldia. _Frutex 3 ad 4 m altus, foliis subtus ad costa parcissime ciliatis, inflorescentiis ¢ hirsutis, ceteroquin glabris; foliis alternis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, eglandulosis, usque ad 25 cm longis, subcoriaceis, integris, basi rotundatis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, penninerviis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 11, subtus prominentibus; inflorescentiis ° oppositifoliis, stricte racemosis, paucifloris, circiter 7 cm longis; sepalis lanceolatis, hirsutis, 5 mm longis; ovario dense hirsuto atque pilis capitatis longe stipi- tatis dense obtecto. — A shrub 3 to 4 m high, glabrous except the sparingly ciliate costa on the lower surface of the leaves and the hirsute inflores- cences. Branches terete, pale-olivaceous; smooth, about 3 mm in diameter. Leaves all alternate, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, entire, subcoriaceous, 20 to 25 cm long, 8 to 11 cm wide, base rounded, apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen about 2 cm long, the upper surface grayish, shining, smooth, eglan- -dular, the lower surface also eglandular, in very young leaves slightly furfuraceous-pilose; lateral nerves 9 to 11 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, pinnately ar- 82 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ranged, curved, anastomosing, the primary reticulations very lax, distinct, subparallel; petioles 5 to 6 cm long; stipules lanceo- late, acuminate, puberulent, about 7mm long. Pistillate racemes simple, leaf-opposed, about 7 cm long, few-flowered, rather densely hirsute with stiff, pale-yellowish, more or less deciduous hairs, the pedicels about 1 cm long, the subtending bracteoles ovate, obtuse, 2 mm long or less. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute, 5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, densely hirsute and also densely covered with long-stipitate glandular-capitate, hair-like papillae 2 to 2.5 mm in length; styles stout, 8 mm long, densely papillate. BrITIsH NortH BoRNEO, Marutai, near Tawau, D. D. Wood 451, June 6, 1917, back of the mangrove swamp. A strongly characterized species apparently as closely allied to Mallotus calvus Pax & K. Hoffm. as to any other species, but with fewer-nerved leaves, few-flowered racemes, much larger pistillate flowers, and hirsute and also densely long-stipitate, glandular-capitate ovaries. The leaf- opposed simple racemes are characteristic. MALLOTUS AFFINIS sp. nov. § Axenfeldia. Arbor circiter 12 m alta, subtus foliis ad costa nervisque parce ciliato-villosis, inflorescentiis plus minusve tomentosis; foliis omnibus alternis, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, subco- riaceis, usque ad 13 cm longis, abrupte acuminatis et minute apiculatis, integerrimis, basi minute biauriculatis et perspicue biglandulosis, subtus dense glandulosis, glandulis immersis; ner- vis utrinque circiter 10, subtus prominentibus, reticulis primariis prominentibus, parallelis; infructescentiis axillaribus, 6 ad 9 cm longis, simpliciter racemosis; capsulis dicoccis, circiter 1 cm diametro, densissime pallide stellato-tomentosis et dense echinatis. A tree about’ 12 m high, the branches terete, brownish- olivaceous, glabrous, smooth, the young branchlets slightly pubes- cent, the indumentum mostly of short simple hairs with a few stellate ones intermixed. Leaves all alternate, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, entire, 8 to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 em wide, rather prominently acuminate, the acumen stout, 1 cm long or less and minutely apiculate, base narrowed, minutely biauriculate and distinctly 2-glandular, the glands impressed on the upper surface, the upper surface grayish, shining, smooth, eglandular, the lower paler, rather densely glandular, the glands immersed; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, very pro- minent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticula- tions prominent, parallel; petioles 3 to 5 cm long, thickened at their apices; stipules acicular, 3 to 5 mm long. Infructescences axillary, simply racemose, 6 to 9 cm long, sparingly pubescent, XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 83 the pedicels thickened, densely cinereous-tomentose, 3 to 5 mm long, the bracteoles acicular from a broadened base, about 3 mm long, two or three subtending each pedicel. Fruits about 1 cm in diameter, each composed of two cocci, pale-brownish when dry, globose, densely and minutely tomentose, and densely covered with stiff, slender, glabrous spine-like processes 3 to 5 mm in length. BRITISH NorRTH BoRNEO, Marutai watershed at Tawau, Villamil $870, May 28, 1917, on damp slopes at low altitudes. This species is very closely allied to the Philippine Mallotus auriculatus Merr., from which it is distinguished by its thicker, entire, rather more numerously nerved leaves, which are rather densely glandular beneath; in having but a single pair of basal glands; and in its densely tomentose cocci, which are much more densely spiny, the spines distinctly longer than in the Philippine form. MALLOTUS CAUDATUS sp, nov § Azenfeldia. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, ramulis junioribus et tii dovebsantite parce et decidue tomentosus, ramis elenticellatis, ramulis an- gulato-striatis; foliis oppositis, leviter inaequimagnis, membra- naceis vel subchartaceis, oblongis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis, subolivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 25 cm longis, supra glabris, subtus parce glandulosis, basi obtusis, leviter cordatis, bimaculato- glandulosis, apice tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 6 ad 9, subtus valde prominentibus, reticulis laxis; infructescen- tiis usque ad 13 cm longis, simpliciter racemosis; fructibus junioribus subglobosis, breviter pedicellatis, circiter 1 cm diame- tro, granuloso-glandulosis, densissime puberulis, molliter echi- natis. A shrub about 3 m high, nearly glabrous (fruits excepted), the younger branchlets and the inflorescences sparingly and deciduously tomentose. Branches terete, pale-brownish, gla- brous, not at all lenticellate, the branchlets angular-striate, pale reddish-brown. Leaves opposite, those of each pair slightly un- equal in size, membranaceous to subchartaceous, pale-olivaceous, shining, oblong to broadly oblong-oblanceolate, entire, 15 to 25 em long, 5 to 7 cm wide, the upper surface smooth, glabrous, not at all glandular, the lower with widely scattered, distinct, orange-yellow to brown, granulose glands, the apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen up to 8 cm in length, the base ob- tuse, distinctly but minutely cordate, and with two distinct glands on the upper surface; lateral nerves 6 to 9 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, subparallel, prom- inent; petioles 2 to 6 cm long, glabrous. Infructescences sim- 1548702 84 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ply racemose, leaf-opposed and in the uppermost axils, up to 13 cm long. Capsules (somewhat immature) subglobose, about 1 em in diameter, composed of three cocci, outside granulose- glandular, the orange-yellow glands more or less obscured by the very dense, cinereous, stellate-puberulent indumentum, densely and softly echinate, the processes about 3 mm long. BritIsH NortH BoRNEO Marauti watershed, near Tawau, Villamil $76, June 1, 1917, in forests at low altitudes. Locally known as limpasoh-suluk. The alliance of this species is manifestly with the Javan Mallotus glaberrimus Muell.-Arg., which has also been reported from Borneo. It differs in its elenticellate branches, caudate-acuminate, entire leaves, which have no marginal glands in the upper part, and fewer lateral nerves. STERCULIACEAE TARRIETIA Blume TARRIETIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Arbor circiter 30 m alta, partibus junioribus exceptis glabra; foliis unifoliolatis, ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, bre- viter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, usque ad 14 em longis, glabris, nitidis, supra dense et minute foveolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, distinctis; fructibus glabris, circiter 1.5 cm longis, alae inaequilateraliter oblongo-obovatae, subfal- catae, apice rotundatae, usque ad 7 cm longae et 3 cm latae. A tree about 30 m high, the trunk about 60 cm in diameter, glabrous except the very young parts. Branches brownish, terete, glabrous, the growing branchlets minutely and densely subferruginous-puberulent-lepidote as are the very young peti- oles. Leaves simple, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, brown, of about the same color on both surfaces, shining when dry, coriaceous, 9 to 14 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, glabrous, the upper surface minutely and densely foveolate, apex shortly and bluntly acumi- nate, base rounded to acute; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, spreading, slightly curved, prominent; petioles 2 to 3 cm long. Peduncles in fruit up to 6 cm long, axillary, solitary, each bearing about three umbellately disposed fruits. Fruits oblong-ovoid, about 1.5 cm long, glabrous, the wings coria- ceous, brown, shining, reticulate, glabrous, inequilaterally oblong- obovate, subfalcate, rounded at the apex, up to 7 cm long and 3 cm wide. BritisH NortH BorNEO, near Sandakan, Villamil 3, August 14, 1915, on forested slopes, altitude 40 to 70 meters. This characteristic species is manifestly allied to Tarrietia simplicifolia Mast. of the Malay Peninsula, the few known species of the genus with simple leaves being Tarrietia kunstleri King and T. simplicifolia Mast. of Eat a ee ei eel a ha Sg XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 85 the Malay Peninsula, and T. sylvatica (Vid.) Merr. of the Philippines. It is readily distinguished from T. simplicifolia Mast. by its much fewer- nerved leaves, from 7. kunstleri King by its glabrous fruits, and from T. sylvatica Merr. by its leaves not being densely lepidote beneath. DILLENIACEAE SAURAUIA Willdenow SAURAUIA ACUMINATA sp. nov. Frutex circiter 2 m altus, ramis et petiolis et foliis supra ad costa et margine et subtus perspicue tenuiter curvato-patule setosis; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi obtusis ad leviter cordatis, usque ad 28 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 20, subtus valde perspicuis; inflorescentiis cau- linis, cymosis, fasciculatis, circiter' 5 cm longis; floribus nume- rosis, bracteis linearibus, 5 ad 9 mm longis, setosis; sepalis leviter inaequalibus, 6 ad 7 mm longis, extus setosis, oblongo- ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, exterioribus acutis, interioribus obtusis; fructibus ovoideis, glabris; stylis 3, infra connatis. A shrub about 2 m high, the branches, branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, midrib on the upper surface, margins, and lower surface of the leaves conspicuously setose with slender, curved, spreading setae up to 5 mm in length, most of these parts also pubescent, the setae brownish to purplish-brown when dry, pink to deep-brown when fresh. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, narrowed to both ends, 20 to 28 cm long, 7 to 9 ecm wide, apex slenderly and sharply acuminate, base narrowed, obtuse to ob- scurely cordate, the upper surface grayish, somewhat shining, smooth and glabrous except the setose midrib, the margins setose, the lower surface conspicuously setose on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations, and also somewhat pubescent; lateral nerves about 20 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower . surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations subparallel, dis- tinct; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Cymes cauline, fascicled on densely setose tubercles, about 5 cm long, densely setose and pubescent, rather many-flowered, the bracts linear, setose, 5 to 9 mm long, the pedicels 4 to 7 em long. Sepals oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 6 to 7 mm long, the outer two acute, densely setose on the back, the inner ones slightly longer, obtuse, setose on the exposed portions, but glabrous on the parts covered by the imbricate outer sepals. Young fruit ovoid, glabrous; styles 3, the arms about 2 mm long, united for the lower 1.5 mm. BritisH NortTH BORNEO, Pinayas River, Villamil 220, October 2, 1916, in forests along the river, altitude about 15 meters. 86 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 This species, like Saurauia myrmecoidea Merr., is apparently allied to Saurauia horrida Hook, f., from which it is easily distinguished by its midrib being setose on the upper surface and by its cauline fascicled cymes (attachment of the inflorescences not indicated in Hooker’s diagnosis, but presumably axillary). The more numerous lateral nerves, glabrous upper surface of the leaves, other than the midrib, and the cauline cymes distin- guish it from S. myrmecoidea Merr. SAURAUIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 2.5 m-altus, ramulis junioribus petiolisque densissime cinnamomeo-lanato-tomentosis atque setis paucis curvato-adpressis instructis; foliis late oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 40 cm longis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, supra brunneis, laevis, glabris, subtus pallidioribus et plus minusve decidue cin- namomeo-lanatis, apice acutis, deorsom gradatim angustatis, basi obtusis, margine cornuto-serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 20, perspicuis; floribus axillaribus, paucis, fasciculatis, pedicellatis, sepalis leviter inaequalibus, extus leviter pubescentibus; ovario pubescens; stylis 3, liberis. A shrub about 2.5 m high, the branchlets and petioles densely covered with a cinnamomeous lanate-tomentose indumentum and with few, scattered, curved-appressed setae, the lower surface of the leaves also cinnamomeous-lanate, the indumentum conspic- uous along the midrib and nerves, somewhat deciduous. Leaves broadly oblong-oblanceolate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 30 to 40 cm long, 8 to 12 cm wide, the upper surface smooth, glab- rous, brown, shining, the lower paler, the apex acuminate, grad- ually narrowed from above the middle to the narrow, obtuse base, the margins serrate; primary lateral nerves about 20 on each side of the midrib, prominent, spreading, curved, anasto- mosing, the reticulations slender, not prominent, rather lax; petioles 4 to 5 cm long. Flowers white, axillary, fascicled, few, their pedicels pubescent, 1 cm long or less. Sepals pubescent, unequal, mostly rounded or obtuse, two elliptic, 3.5 mm long, . three broadly ovate, about 4 mm long. Corolla-lobes oblong- elliptic, somewhat retuse, 4.5 mm long. Ovary globose, some- what pubescent; styles 3, free, about 3 mm long. BriTIsH NortH Borneo, Kalabakan, Villamil 222, September 26, 1916, in forests, altitude about 4 meters. ‘ This characteristic species is readily distinguished by its cinnamomeous- lanate indumentum, which on the branchlets and petioles is intermixed with curved-appressed, slender setae; its elongated, broadly oblong-oblanceolate leaves, which are gradually narrowed below the middle to the narrow but obtuse base; and its axillary fascicled flowers. I know of no species that is closely allied to it. Se ee re rie ita lk Bea Sia ed mide Raat XII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 87 SAURAUVIA HETEROSEPALA sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis junioribus plus minusve adpresse squamulosis ; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 24 cm longis, acumi- natis, basi acutis, junioribus subtus ad costa nervisque parcissime adpresse squamulosis, vetustioribus glabris, laevis, nitidis, oliva- ceis, margine minute incurvato-serrulatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 13, perspicuis; floribus e axillis defoliatis et caulinis, superioribus solitariis, tenuiter pedunculatis, ebracteolatis, inferioribus depau- perato-cymosis, bracteolatis; sepalis’ glabris, binis exterioribus latissime orbiculato-ovatis, rotundatis, circiter 8 mm longis et latis, interioribus contorto-imbricatis, distincte longioribus; ovario glabro, stylis 3, infra connatis. A shrub, ultimately glabrous or nearly so, the young branchlets with few, scattered, irregular, ovate to suborbicular, appressed, pale-brownish scales, with similar ones on the midrib and nerves of the younger leaves and on the peduncles, the older leaves gla- brous. Leaves oblong to oblong-obovate, 10 to 24 cm long, 4 to 9 cm wide, base acute, apex acuminate, margins minutely incurved- serrate, olivaceous and shining on both surfaces when dry, chartaceous; lateral nerves 10 to 13 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations slender, close, subparallel; petioles 1 to 2 cm long, sparingly scaly. Flowers in the axils of fallen leaves and from the branches and trunks, the upper ones solitary, ebracteolate, the lower ones in depauperate, few-flowered cymes, the pedicels up to 2.5 em long. Sepals distinctly unequal, all glabrous, rounded, the outer two broadly orbicular-ovate, about 8 mm long and wide, the inner three twisted-imbricate, about 10 mm long and 9 mm wide. Ovary glabrous; styles united ‘for the lower 3 mm, the arms 3, about 4 mm in length. Bracts on the lower inflorescences oblong-lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute to acuminate, glabrous, 5 to 8 mm long. BritisH NortH Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Khota Balud to Kibayo, Mrs. Clemens 9812, October 28, 1915, the fruit green. The alliance of this species is apparently with the Javan Saurauia leprosa Korth., from which it is readily distinguished by its inflorescences and floral characters. ; SAURAUIA HOSEI sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva; foliis oblongis, usque ad 43 cm longis, chartaceis, olivaceo-brunneis, acuminatis, basi rotundatis, mar- gine spinulosis, nervis utrinque circiter 14, subtus prominentibus, curvatis, anastomosantibus, supra glabris, subtus ad costa et nervis et reticulis parce setosis atque pubescentibus, setis tenui- 88 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 bus, patulis vel subpatulis. Inflorescentiis caulinis, fasciculatis, depauperato-cymosis, 2 ad 3 cm longis, pedunculatis, dense hir- sutis atque setis numerosis tenuibus patulis instructis; sepalis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, subacutis, extus setosis, circiter 5 mm longis, interioribus angustioribus; ovario glabro; stylis 3, infra connatis. A shrub or small tree, the cauline inflorescences, petioles, and midrib, nerves, and reticulations on the lower surface of the leaves subferruginous-hirsute or pubescent and with numerous, slender, usually spreading, setae. Leaves chartaceous, brownish- olivaceous or olivaceous, somewhat shining, the lower surface very slightly paler than the upper, oblong, up to 48 cm long and 15 cm wide, rather slenderly acuminate, base narrowed, rounded, margins spinulose, the slender curved setae terminating the short teeth, the upper surface smooth and glabrous; lateral nerves about 14 on each side of the midrib, prominent beneath, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles 3 to 3.5 cm long, their slender setae up to 5 mm in length. Cymes fascicled on the trunk, from densely setose tubercles, the indi- vidual cymes 2 to 3 em long, few-flowered, all parts densely subferruginous-setose and hirsute, the pedicels 1 to 1.4 cm long, the bracts few, narrowly lanceolate, densely setose, about 2 mm long. Sepals about 5 mm long, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute, the outer three about 2 mm wide, setose, the inner ones narrower, the innermost glabrous or nearly so. Ovary glabrous. Styles united for the lower 1.5 mm, the arms 3, about 2 mm long. ; ; Sarawak, Baram District, Mount Trekan, Hose 552, July, 1895, altitude about 300 meters. This species is not closely allied to any previously described Bornean form, and is well characterized by its large leaves, which are glabrous above and setose and pubescent on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations beneath; and by its cauline, fascicled, ferruginous-hirsute and setose cymes. SAURAUIA KINABALUENSIS sp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, partibus junioribus dense setoso- pubescentibus; foliis oblongo-obovatis, membranaceis, usque ad 26 cm longis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis vel obtusis et distincte inaequilateralibus, utrinque setis sparsis debilis brevibus instructis, margine curvato-serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, distinctis; cymis caulinis, fasciculatis, paucifloris, circiter 8 cm longis, breviter setosis, bracteis paucis, lanceolatis ad oblongo- lanceolatis, 4 ad 6 mm longis; floribus circiter 2.5 em diametro, sepalis inaequalibus, exterioribus crassis, extus leviter brevissime setosis, circiter 10 mm longis, interioribus petaloideis, obovatis, XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 9 rotundatis, glabris, 11 ad 12 mm longis. Ovario glabro; stylis 5, infra connatis. A tree about 10 m high, the young branchlets and very young leaves (when 5 cm long or less) very densely pubescent-setose, the indumentum brownish, none of the setae more than 1 mm long, slender, weak, more or less spreading, sometimes appressed. Leaves membranaceous, olivaceous, shining, oblong-obovate, about 25 cm long, 9 to 11 cm wide, shortly acuminate, base acute or obtuse and distinctly inequilateral, margins incurved- serrate, both surfaces with widely scattered, short, curved, weak, pale, slender setae 1 mm long or less; lateral nerves about 12. on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing. Cymes few-flowered, about 8 cm long, fascicled on tubercles which are scattered along the trunks, the rachis and branches more or less setose or furfuraceous-setose, each cyme bearing 2 or 3 flowers, the pedicels slender, the bracts few, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, usually acuminate, toothed, shortly setose. Flowers pink, fragrant, about 2.5 cm in diameter. Sepals un- equal, the outer three thicker than the inner ones, orbicular-ovate, about 10 mm long, sparingly short-setose outside, the two inner ones thinner, petaloid, glabrous, obovate, rounded, 11 to 12 mm long. Corolla-lobes deeply and somewhat inequilaterally retuse, about 10 cm long. Ovary glabrous. Styles united for the lower 2 mm, the arms 5, about 5 mm long. BritisH NortH Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Minitindok Gorge, Mrs. Clemens 10458, November 19, 1915, in forests near the river. This species is especially characterized by its short weak setae; its fascicled, cauline, depauperate-cymose, 8 cm long, few-flowered inflorescences ; and its rather large flowers. SAURAUIA LONGIPETIOLATA sp. nov. Frutex, partibus junioribus parce adpresse setosis exceptis glaber. Foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad 80 cm longis, laevis, supra olivaceo-brunneis, subtus pallide brun- neis, basi perspicue lateque cordatis, longe petiolatis, margine serrulato-dentatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, perspicuis; flori- bus axillaribus, fasciculatis, tenuiter pedicellatis, calycis parce pubescentibus, laevis; fructibus leviter pubescentibus; stylis 3, liberis. A shrub, glabrous except the younger parts, which are spar- ingly appressed-setose. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, 20 to 30 cm long, 9 to 12 cm wide, base broadly and prominently cor- date, margins mostly dentate, sometimes dentate-serrate, smooth, somewhat shining, the upper surface brownish-olivaceous, the lower surface pale-brownish; lateral nerves about 15 on each side 90 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, spreading, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles up to 8 cm in length. Flowers axillary, fascicled, their pedicels slender, 8 to 14 mm long, sparingly furfuraceous, each usually with a single, linear-lanceolate, 1 to 2 mm long bracteole. Sepals 5, elliptic, obtuse to subacute, 4 to 4.5 mm long, smooth, sparingly pubes- cent. Fruit ovoid-globose, about 4 mm long, somewhat pubes- cent; styles 3, free to the base, 4 mm long; seeds numerous, about 1 mm long, brown, closely reticulate. BriTisH NortH BoRNEO, Minitindok Gorge, Mount Kinabalu, Mrs. Cle- mens 10496, November 19, 1915, the fruit dull-white. This species is readily distinguished among its congeners by its long- petioled, glabrous, cordate leaves, its fascicled flowers, three free styles, and somewhat pubescent ovaries and fruits. SAURAUIA MATTHEWSII sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, ramulis plus minusve adpresse squamoso- setosis, squamae lanceolatae; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-lanceo- latis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, margine curvato-setosis, deorsum angustatis, basi cuneatis, usque ad 28 cm longis, supra glabris, laevis, nitidis, vel costa parcis- sime adpresse lanceolato-squamosis, subtus ad costa nervisque leviter hirsutis atque cum reticulis setis subpatulis leviter ciliatis instructis; nervis utrinque 11 ad 13, perspicuis; floribus axillari- bus, solitariis vel binis, pedicellatis; sepalis inaequalibus, circiter 7 mm longis, exterioribus extus densissime pallide setosis, setis tenuibus, leviter ciliatis; ovario glabro; stylis 3, alte connatis. A shrub or small tree, the branchlets more or less appressed- scaly with lanceolate, pale, acuminate, sparingly ciliate, rather stout scales up to 4 mm in length, and also somewhat pubescent. Leaves chartaceous, grayish or somewhat brownish when dry, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 23 to 28 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide, the upper surface smooth, glabrous, or the midrib with few, closely appressed, lanceolate, stiff scales, the lower surface somewhat hirsute on the midrib and lateral nerves, and with numerous, spreading, somewhat curved, 1 to 3 mm long setae on the midrib, nerves, and reticulations, the setae sparingly ciliate, the apex slenderly and sharply caudate-acuminate, below gradually narrowed to the cuneate base, margins ciliate-setose with curved-spreading setae; lateral nerves 11 to 13 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, curved- ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, subparallel; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long, appressed setose-scaly and pubescent. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, their pedicels 10 to 12 mm Sd ek >) XIII, ©, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 9] long, very densely setose with slender, somewhat appressed, pale, slenderly acuminate, sparingly ciliate setae up to 2.5 mm in length, the bracts usually two, narrow, 5 mm long or less, densely setose. Sepals about 7 mm long, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ob- tuse, the outer ones very densely setose with setae similar to those on the pedicels, the inner ones narrower, setose only on the exposed parts, their margins thin, glabrous. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style arms 8, about 3 mm long, wholly united for the lower 3 mm. BRITISH NoRTH BORNEO, probably from the Tawau River region, Villamil 886, July 18, 1917. This species is readily recognized by its diverse indumentum, consisting ‘of pubescence, appressed lanceolate scales, and spreading, pale, sparingly ciliate setae; its axillary, solitary or paired flowers; and its very densely setose pedicels and sepals. It is perhaps most closely allied to the Sumatran Saurauia setigera Korth. It is named in honor of Mr. D. M. Matthews, conservator of forests, British North Borneo. SAURAUIA MYRMECOIDEA sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis et foliis utrinque et inflorescentiis perspicue tenuiter curvato-patule setosis, setis usque ad 5 mm longis; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 30 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis ad obtusis, margine irregula- riter dentatis et perspicue curvato-setosis, breviter petiolatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 15, valde perspicuis; cymis axillaribus, 2 ad 3.5 cm longis, fasciculatis vel subfasciculatis, laxis, bracteis subfiliformibus, 5 ad 9 mm longis, setosis; sepalis ellipticis ad oblongo-ellipticis, 5.5 mm longis, obtusis, extus perspicue setosis; ovario glabro, stylis 3, infra leviter connatis. A shrub, all parts conspicuously setose with slender, curved, spreading, pale-brownish bristles up to 5 mm in length. Branches setose, the young branchlets densely so. Leaves charta- ceous, olivaceous or brownish-olivaceous above, much paler be- neath, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, 20 to 30 cm long, 8 to 11 cm wide, acuminate, base acute to obtuse, the margins ir- regularly dentate, conspicuously setose-ciliate; lateral nerves 10 — to 15 on each side of the midrib, impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath, ascending, curved, anastomosing, the reticu- lations subparallel, prominent; the upper surface with scattered setae, the lower with similar but more numerous setae confined to the midrib, nerves, and reticulations; petioles densely setose, 1to1.5cmlong. Cymes axillary, subfascicled, 2 to 3.5 cm long, prominently setose, rather few-flowered, the bracts subfiliform, setose, 5 to 9 mm long, the pedicels 8 to 10 mm long. Sepals 92, The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 subequal, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, setose, obtuse, 5.5 mm long. Corolla lobes oblong, about 6 mm long, scarcely retuse. Ovary glabrous; styles 3, about 3 mm long, slightly united below. SARAWAK, Selungo, Lio-Matu, and Mount Merinjak, Native collector 2888 (type), 2797, 2579 Bur. Sct., November, 1914, flowers white. This species is remarkable for its numerous, slender, curved setae, which occur on both surfaces of the leaves, branches, petioles, inflorescences, and calyces, as well as by its subfiliform bracts. It is apparently allied to Saurauia horrida Hook. f., which, among other characters, differs in having the leaves glabrous on the upper surface. Two of the three speci- mens present runways or homes of ants constructed of a black brittle substance and débris, extending along both sides of the midrib on the lower surface of the leaves, whence the specific name. SAURAUIA OBLANCEOLATA sp. nov. Frutex erectus, partibus junioribus exceptis glaber; foliis oblanceolatis, chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 35 cm longis, basi attenuatis, apice breviter acuminatis, margine calloso-serra- tis, utrinque glabris, laevis, nervis utrinque circiter 20, perspi- cuis; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, tenuiter pedicellatis; se- palis subaequalibus, ovatis ad elliptico-ovatis, 4.5 ad 5 mm longis, rotundatis, parcissime pubescentibus; fructibus junioribus glo- bosis, leviter pubescentibus; stylis 3, liberis. An erect shrub, the older parts entirely glabrous, the growing tips of the branchlets sparingly appressed-setose, the very young leaves (when but 1 to 2 cm long) very densely and uniformly. appressed-setose on both surfaces. Leaves oblanceolate, charta- ceous to subcoriaceous, 20 to 35 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, smooth and glabrous on both surfaces, the upper surface dark-brown, the lower pale-brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, grad- ually narrowed to the attenuate base, the apex somewhat rostrate- acuminate, the margins callose-serrate; lateral nerves about 20 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, anas- tomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles about 2 cm long. Flowers axillary, fascicled, their pedicels slender, up to 1.5 cm long, glabrous or slightly pubescent, each with two or three, small, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 1 to 1.5 mm long bracts below the middle. Sepals subequal, ovate to elliptic-ovate, rounded, 4.5 to 5 mm long, slightly pubescent. Young fruits globose, sparingly pubescent. Styles 3, free, 4 mm long. : _ BritisH NortH Borneo, Khota Balud to Kibayo, Mount Kinabalu, Mrs. Clemens 9784, October 28, 1915, “flowers and fruits white.” This species is well characterized by its oblanceolate, entirely glabrous, elongated leaves, and its fascicled flowers. It does not appear to be espe- cially closely allied to any previously described form. XIII, C,2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 98 SAURAUIA PLATYPHYLLA sp, nov. Frutex, ramulis junioribus dense, patule, tenuiter setosis, setae usque ad 1 cm longae; foliis elliptico-obovatis, coriaceis, usque ad 40 cm longis et 20 cm latis, supra ad costa, subtus ad costa nervisque setis paucis longis patulis tenuibus instructis, apice breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, margine perspicue attenuato- serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 30, patulis, curvatis, utrinque valde prominentibus; floribus caulinis, dense fasciculatis, tenui- ter pedicellatis, e tuberculis dense setosis; sepalis subaequalibus, binis exterioribus breviter acuminatis, interioribus rotundatis, obovatis, omnibus glabris; fructibus glabris; stylis 3, liberis. A shrub, the young branchlets densely covered with spreading, slender, curved, attenuate, pale-brownish setae up to 1 cm in length, with similar scattered setae on the midrib on both sur- faces, the nerves beneath, and the petioles. Branches thick- ened. Leaves elliptic-obovate, coriaceous, up to 40 em long and 20 cm wide, brownish-olivaceous on the upper surface, paler beneath, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute, margins conspicuously serrate, the teeth mostly attenuate into slender curved setae; lateral nerves about 30 on each side of the midrib, spreading, curved, arched-anastomosing near the margin, very prominent on both surfaces, the reticulations prominent, sub- parallel; petioles stout, setose, about 3 cm long. Flowers fas- cicled, cauline, from densely setose tubercles, usually crowded, their pedicels 2.5 to 3.5 cm long, with short, scattered, curved setae and usually with two or three oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, 2.5 to 4.5 mm long bracts below the middle. Sepals subequal, glabrous, about 7 mm long, the exterior two shortly acuminate, subelliptic, the interior three obovate, rounded. Fruits glabrous, globose; styles 3, free, at least 2 mm in length. BritisH NorTH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 9999, November 2, 1915, “a small Sauwrauia near streams with green cauline fruits.” ‘ This species is remarkable for its unusually large leaves, its slender, spreading, curved, attenuate setae, and its cauline fascicled inflorescences; by these characters it is readily distinguished from its congeners. It does not appear to be closely allied to any previously described form. SAURAUIA WINKLERI sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, partibus junioribus exceptis glabris, ramulis teretibus, laevis, atro-brunneis, junioribus squamis pau- cis adpressis lanceolatis instructis; foliis membranaceis ad char- taceis, oblongis, usque ad 14 em longis, glabris, in siccitate supra castaneis, subtus pallidis, apice tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi 94 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 acutis, margine incurvato-spinuloso-serratis; nervis utrinque circiter 12, distinctis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, cymosis, tenui- ter pedunculatis, paucifloris, partibus junioribus leviter pubes- centibus; bracteis folliaceis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, ad 12 mm longis; sepalis inaequalibus, extus leviter pubescentibus, rotun- datis, exterioribus ellipticis, circiter 5 mm longis, interioribus late ovatis, circiter 5.56 mm longis et 5 mm latis; ovario pubes- _ cente; stylis 3, liberis. A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, or the younger parts of the inflorescences sparingly brown-pubescent. Branches and branchlets castaneous when dry, smooth, terete, the latter with few, widely scattered, closely appressed, lanceolate scales. Leaves 6 to 14 cm long, 3 to 4.5.cm wide, membranaceous to chartaceous, in general oblong, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the slenderly and sharply subcaudate-acuminate apex, entirely glabrous except for the very few, widely scattered, appressed, lanceolate scales on the midrib on both surfaces, the upper surface castaneous when dry, the lower cinereous, the margins spinulose-serrate, the tips of the small teeth incurved; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct, brown in contrast to the pale lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations not prominent; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm long. Inflores- cences axillary, solitary, long-peduncled, cymose, few-flowered, the peduncles slender, up to 6 cm in length, glabrous, the young pedicels sparingly pubescent; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, folia- ceous, sparingly toothed, equally narrowed at both ends, up to 12 mm long and 3 mm wide; pedicels 10 to 12 mm long. Sepals unequal, externally sparingly pubescent, all rounded, the outer two elliptic, 5 mm long and 3 mm wide, the inner three broadly ovate, 5 to 6 mm long, 5 mm wide. Corolla-tube about 2 mm long, the lobes 6 mm long, retuse. Stamens 20. Ovary ovoid, pubescent; styles 3, free, 4 mm long. SOUTH-EAST BorNEO, Hayoep, Winkler 2451, June 14, 1908. This species is apparently allied to Saurauia nigrescens Korth., but it has smaller leaves, which are slenderly and sharply subcaudate-acuminate; and lanceolate, acuminate, entirely glabrous bracts; while the ovary is dis- tinetly pubescent. PASSIFLORACEAE . ADENIA Forskal ADENIA QUADRIFIDA sp. nov. § Microblepharis. Species A. cordifoliae (Blume) Engl. similis, differt floribus omnibus 4-meris, foliis chartaceus, utrinque concoloribus, laevis, haud rugosis. hie XIU, ©, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 95 A glabrous scandent plant, the branches slender, pale or brown- ish when dry, obscurely striate. Leaves ovate to oblong, entire, pale-olivaceous, shining, of about the same color on both surfaces, chartaceous, 4 to 6.5 cm long, 3 to 4.5 em wide, base broadly rounded and distinctly cordate, beneath with a pair of distinct auricle-like glands, narrowed upward, the apex obtuse to obtusely acuminate and usually minutely apiculate; lateral nerves pin- nately arranged, 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing, slender but distinct, the reticulations lax; petioles 1 cm long or less. Inflorescences 4 to 7 em in length, few- to many-flowered, dichotomous, peduncled, the tendrils from the apices of the peduncles between the two primary branches. Flowers yellow, about 1 cm long, their pedicels slender, 1 to 2 cm in length, the bracteoles minute, the perianth narrowly oblong-ovoid, acute at both ends, the sepals 4, oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 mm long, the petals linear-oblong, 1.5 mm long, thin, inserted at the apex of the perianth-tube. Stamens 4; anthers narrowly oblong, 4 to 4.5 mm long. Fruits red when mature, oblong-ovoid, narrowed at both ends, base and apex acute, 7 to 9 cm long, apparently pendulous, 3-valved, apparently terete, the valves thickly coriaceous, hard and stiff when dry, reddish-brown, smooth and shining. Seeds ellipsoid, compressed, prominently and densely subfoveolate, 8 to 9 mm long. BritisH NorTH BorNEO, Mount Kalawat, Mrs. Clemens 11188, December 10, 1915 (type); Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10091, November 27, 1915. This species much resembles the Javan Adenia cordifolia (Blume) Engl. as figured and described by Blume, Rumphia, 1 (1835) 167, t. 49, from which it is at once distinguished by its 4-merous, not 5-merous flowers. ADENIA CLEMENTIS sp. nov. § Microblepharis. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 10 cm longis, subolivaceis, nitidis, utrinque subaequaliter an- gustatis, integris, tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, perspicue auriculato-glandulosis, nervis utrinque 4, distinctis; inflorescen- tiis axillaribus, cymosis, pedunculatis, paucifloris, 4 ad 6 cm longis; floribus 5-meris, anguste oblongo-ovoideis, 8 ad 9 mm longis, utrinque subacutis; fructibus ovoideo-ellipsoideis, tereti- bus, circiter 5 cm longis, apice subrotundatis, basi subacutis vel subrotundatis. A scandent glabrous shrub, the branches terete, pale or brown- ish, slightly striate when dry. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, subolivaceous to somewhat pale when dry, of about the same color on both surfaces or somewhat paler beneath, shining, 7 to 10 cm long, 2.5 to 6 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the 96 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 acute base and to the slenderly acuminate apex, entire, the acumen acute, 1 to 1.5 cm long, the base with a pair of elongated, auricle-like glands, the margins of the glands recurved; lateral nerves 4 on each side of the midrib, distinct, curved, anastomos- ing, the reticulations rather close, fine, evident on both surfaces; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, peduncled, 4 to 6 cm long, few-flowered, dichotomously branched, usually tendriliferous. Flowers 5-merous, 8 to 9 mm long, yel- lowish, narrowly oblong-ovoid, subequally narrowed to the usually acute base and apex. Calyx-lobes 5, three oblong-ovate, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, two alternating ones narrowly oblong. Petals 5, thin, oblong, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, inserted at the apex of the perianth-tube. Stamens 5; anthers subsessile, nar- rowly oblong, acuminate, 5 mm long. Fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, yellow, about 5 cm long and 5 cm in diameter, terete, apex usually rounded, base subacute to somewhat rounded, 3-valved, the valves firm, about 3 mm thick, when dry pale and shining. British NorTH BorNeo, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10166 (type), 10228, November 25, 1917. The present species is manifestly closely allied to Adenia longipedunculata Merr., from which it is especially distinguished by its smaller leaves, and shorter, few-flowered inflorescences. ADENIA LONGIPEDUNCULATA sp. nov. § Microblepharis. Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis in siccitate flavidis, leviter striatis; foliis chartaceis, ellipticis, integris, usque ad 16 cm longis et 10 cm latis, abrupte acuminatis, basi obtusis vel sub- acutis, perspicue auriculato-glandulosis, pallidis, utrinque conco- loribus, nitidis, nervis utrinque 4, perspicuis, curvatis, tenuiter anastomosantibus; inflorescentiis axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, dichotomis, multifloris, foliis subaequantibus; floribus 5-meris, anguste oblongo-ovoideis, utrinque angustatis, acutis vel obtusis. A scandent shrub, glabrous throughout, the branches when dry distinctly yellowish, about 5 mm in diameter, slightly striate, terete. Leaves elliptic, chartaceous to firmly chartaceous, pale, of the same color on both surfaces, shining when dry, 14 to 16 cm long, 9 to 10 cm wide, entire, apex abruptly acuminate, the acumen blunt, 1 cm long or less, base obtuse to subacute with a pair of prominent auricle-like glands; lateral nerves 4 on each side of the midrib, projecting on both surfaces, prominent, curved, slenderly anastomosing, the reticulations rather close, distinct; petioles about 3 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, as long as the leaves, rather densely many-flowered, the peduncles up to 13 cm in length, the cymes 5 to 8 cm in diameter, dicho- XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 97 tomous. Flowers pale-yellowish, in mature bud narrowly oblong- ovoid, acute or obtuse at both ends, about 8 mm long, 5-merous, their pedicels 5 mm long or less, the bracteoles ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Calyx-segments oblong-ovate, obtuse, up to 2.55 mm in length. Petals thin, attached at the top of the perianth-tube, oblong, obtuse, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Stamens 5, the anthers subsessile, narrowly oblong, acuminate, 6 mm long. BritisH NorTH BorNEO, Sandakan, Agama 487, August 31, 1917, on the inner edge of swamps along the Sapagaya River at about sea level. This species is allied to Adenia acuminata (Blume) King, from which it is especially distinguished by its more numerously nerved leaves. The leaves are distinctly larger than are those of the Javan Adenia macrophylla (Blume) Koord. FLACOURTIACEAE RYPAROSA Blume RYPAROSA OLIGOPHLEBIA sp. nov. Arbor circiter 5 m alta, subglabra; foliis oblongo-obovatis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 17 cm longis, chartaceis, breviter et abrupte acuminatis, basi acutis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrin- que 2 vel 3, curvato-adscendentibus, subtus prominulis; infruc- tescentiis lateralibus, usque ad 7 cm longis; fructibus ovoideis ad subellipsoideis, circiter 3.5 cm longis, glabris, in siccitate minute verruculosis; seminibus circiter 6. A tree about 5 m high, nearly glabrous, the very young branch- lets sparingly appressed-pubescent, inflorescences and flowers not seen. Branches terete, reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, 10 to 17 cm long, 4 to 6 cm wide, the apex abruptly and rather shortly obtuse- acuminate, base acute, the upper surface more or less olivaceous when dry, the lower pale-grayish; lateral nerves 2 or 3 on each side of the midrib, the nerves curved-ascending, very prominent on the lower surface, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations rather lax; petioles 1.5-to 2 cm long. Infructescences lateral, up to 7 cm in length, each bearing from 3 to 5 fruits. Fruits ovoid to subellipsoid, brown when dry, glabrous, the pericarp minutely verruculose, irregularly and coarsely wrinkled, about 3.5 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, apex subacute. Seeds usually 6. BRITISH NorRTH BoRNEO, Kalabakan, Villamil 263, September 21, 1916, in forested valleys and on gentle slopes, altitude about 30 meters. This species is strongly characterized by its few-nerved leaves. In its 6-seeded fruits it approaches Ryparosa kunstleri King of the Malay Penin- sula, but is not otherwise closely allied to that species; most of the species, so far as the fruits are known, have but one- or two-seeded fruits. 98 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 MYRTACEAE EUGENIA Linnaeus EUGENIA CLEISTOCALYX nom. nov. Jambosa nitida Korth. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch, 1 (1847) 202, non Eugenia nitida Benth., nec Duthie. Cleistocalyx nitidus Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1849) 84, f. 56. Eugenia nervosa Mig. Fl, Ind. Bat. 1* (1855) 442, non Lour. BritisH NorTH BorNEO, Villamil 406, July 18, 1917, on river banks, local name alag-alag-sulu. The type was from Borneo, and Miquel also credits the species to Sumatra; from Loureiro’s description it has nothing to do with Eugenia nervosa Lour., where it was placed by Miquel. The species is also the type of Blume’s genus Cleistocalyx, and it is worthy of note that so far as striking differential characters are concerned, in this case the peculiar, calyptrate, circumscissly deciduous calyx-limb, Cleistocalyx is much more sharply differentiated from Eugenia than are Jambosa and Syzygium, and hence has stronger claims to generic recognition than either of these groups. EUGENIA ALCINAE Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 216. BRITISH NorTH BoRNEO, Tawau, Villamil 71, May 28, 1917, on the banks of the Sempang Tiga River, at low altitudes; Jesselton, Yates 71, October 8, 1917. Both specimens are an excellent match for the type, which was from northern Palawan. EUGENIA VILLAMILII sp. nov. § Syzygium. Arbor parva, glabra, ramis ramulisque laevis, pallide-brunneis, teretibus, ramulis circiter 2.5 mm diametro; foliis oppositis, oblongis, chartaceis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, supra olivaceis, subtus pallidioribus, utrinque niti- dis, epunctatis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 20, tenuibus, secundariis reticulisque obscuris, laxis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 5 cm longis, corymbosis, e basi ramosis, plerumque trichotomis; floribus par- vis, alabastro obovoideo-obcuneao, circiter 4mm longo, in ramulis ultimis subcapitatim dispositis, petalis omnibus connatis, calyp- tratim deciduis. A small tree, glabrous throughout, the branches and branchlets terete, slender, smooth, pale-brownish. Leaves opposite, charta- ceous, oblong, about 20 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the slenderly acuminate apex, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, blunt, both surfaces shining, the upper olivaceous, the lower paler, epunctate; midrib impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath; primary lateral nerves slender, slightly or scarcely raised on the lower surface, spread- ing, anastomosing close to the margin with the marginal nerves, XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 99 about 20 on each side of the midrib, the secondary nerves and reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflores- cence terminal, corymbose, branched from the base, about 5 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide across the top, the branches mostly trichoto- mous, pale-olivaceous, shining, subterete. Flowers numerous, crowded at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, 5 to 7 on each branchlet, sessile, the buds obovoid-obcuneate, about 4 mm long, the calyx terete, brown and slightly rugose when dry, the throat about 2.5 mm in diameter, the limb truncate, produced about 1.8 mm above the ovary. Petals wholly united into a deciduous calyptra about 2.5 mm in diameter. Filaments numerous, 3 to 5 mm long. BriTisH NortH BorNEo, Kalabakan watershed, in forests along the Pinajos River, Villamil 229, October 3, 1916, altitude about 4 meters. The striking characters of this species are its oblong, chartaceous, epunctate, slenderly nerved leaves, terete branchlets, and terminal corymbose inflorescences which are branched from the base. ARALIACEAE SCHEFFLERA Forster SCHEFFLERA BIPALMATIFOLIA sp. nov. Frutex glabra, vel inflorescentiis leviter furfuraceis; foliis longissime petiolatis, bipalmatis, radiis primariis 6 vel 7, petiolis primariis usque ad 18 cm longis, quisque 3- ad 5-foliolatis, foliolis longe petiolulatis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, tenuiter acuminatis, integris, chartaceis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10; inflores- centiis terminalibus, breviter pedunculatis, ramis confertis, usque ad 30 em longis; floribus fasciculatis, numerosis, subsessilibus, 5-meris; fructibus subellipsoideis, sulcatis, 4 mm longis, 5- locellatis. A glabrous shrub, or the inflorescences somewhat furfur- aceous. Leaves long-petioled, bipalmately compound, the prim- ary divisions 6 or 7, their partial petioles up to 18 cm in length, each bearing from 3 to 5 palmately arranged leaflets; leaflets chartaceous, greenish-olivaceous, shining, entire, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 cm long, 7 to 11 em wide, slenderly acuminate, base rounded to subacute; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent; petiolules 2 to 6 cm long. Inflorescences terminal, shortly peduncled, the rachis slightly prolonged, the simple branches crowded, each subtended by a lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat furfuraceous bract up to 2.5 em long, the individual branches in anthesis up to 30 cm long, longer and glabrous in fruit, the flowers very numerous, crowded 1548703 10) The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 in distinct fascicles along the entire length of the primary branches, subsessile, 6 to 10 in a fascicle. Pedicels very short. Calyx turbinate, truncate, about 1.5 mm long. Petals 5, valvate, triangular-ovate, acute, 1.7 mm long. Stamens 5; filaments 4 mm long. Ovary 5-celled. Fruits elliptic-ovoid, 4 mm long, longitudinally 5-sulcate, 5-celled. BritisH NorTtH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10072 (type), 10060, November 2 and 6, 1916, fruits orange-red; growing near streams. This species is remarkable for its vegetative and inflorescence characters. It is in the group with Schefflera heterophylla (Seem.) Harms, of the Malay Peninsula and Java, but the inflorescences of the two species are entirely different. SCHEFFLERA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Frutex, inflorescentiis leviter pubescentibus exceptis glaber; foliis 5-foliolatis, longe petiolatis, foliolis ellipticis ad elliptico- ovatis, chartaceis ad coriaceis, integris, in siccitate pallidis vel brunneis, nitidis, utrinque concoloribus, usque ad 20 cm longis, subabrupte caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 ad 7, subtus perspicuis, curvatis, reticulis utrinque distinctis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, leviter pubescentibus, rhachibus 2 ad 3 cm longis, ramis primariis numerosis, adscen- dentibus vel patulis, 7 ad 20 cm longis; floribus 5-meris, breviter pedicellatis, umbellis in ramis primariis racemose dispositis, brevissime pedunculatis. A shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, which is sparingly pubescent with weak, cinereous, simple hairs. Leaves 5-folio- _ late, their petioles 10 to 20 cm long, inflated and clasping at the base; leaflets elliptic to elliptic-ovate, chartaceous to coria- ceous, entire, pale to brownish and shining when dry, of the same color on both surfaces, 12 to 20 cm long, 6 to 12 cm wide, . apex rather abruptly caudate-acuminate, the acumen about 2 cm long, the base acute to rounded; lateral nerves 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib, distant, curved, anastomosing, prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations distinct on both surfaces; petiolules 1.5 to 5 cm long. Inflorescences terminal, the rachis 2 to 3 cm long, often stout, sparingly pubescent, bearing from 6 to 12 spreading to ascending primary branches, each branch subtended by a lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous bract up to 1.5 cm in length, the branches 8 to 12 cm long, sparingly pubescent. Umbels about 10-flowered, racemosely arranged along the primary branches, their peduncles about 1 mm long, the subtending bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 2 mm long. Pedi- cels about 2 mm long. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx turbinate. XU, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 101 Petals 5, broadly ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long, valvate. Filaments 3 mm long. Fruit subellipsoid, 5 mm long, deeply 5-sulcate, 5- celled, crowned by the stellately arranged sessile globose stigmas. SARAWAK, vicinity of Kuching, Native collector 798 (type), 797, 1875 Bur. Sci., July and August, 1911, Rock Road, near Kuching. Perhaps referable here are also Native collector 1275, 1717 Bur. Sci., but the former is very imperfect, and the latter has longer primary branches of the inflorescence, and distinctly longer peduncled umbels. The alliance of this species is apparently with Schefflera gracilis (Blume) Vig., from which it is easily distinguished by its larger, caudate-acuminate leaflets. SCHEFFLERA CALYPTRATA sp. nov. Frutex, inflorescentiis junioribus furfuraceis exceptis glaber; foliis 3-foliolatis, breviter crasseque petiolatis, foliolis coriaceis, rigidis, oblongis, nitidis, laevis, usque ad 22 em longis, acumi- natis, basi obtusis ad subacutis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12; pani- culis terminalibus, ramis paucis, usque ad 14 cm longis; umbellis in ramis primariis racemose dispositis, paucifloris, floribus ple- rumque 6-meris, breviter pedicellatis, calycis turbinatis vel infun- dibuliformibus, truncatis, petalis omnibus connatis, calyptratim deciduis. A shrub, glabrous except the inflorescences, which in anthesis are distinctly furfuraceous. Branches rugose when dry. Leaves 8-foliolate, their petioles stout, 2 cm long or less, the hard, cylindric, often somewhat curved, sheathing stipules exceeding the petioles. Leaflets thickly coriaceous, rigid, oblong, smooth and shining, 11 to 22 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, apex rather abruptly and sharply acuminate, base obtuse to subacute, brown- ish-olivaceous when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, somewhat curved, not prominent, the reticulations obsolete or subobsolete ; petiolules stout, about 3.5 cm long. Panicles terminal, furfur- aceous, shortly peduncled, branched from near the base, each panicle with but two or three branches, these up to 14 cm in length. Flowers in few-flowered, racemosely disposed umbels, the peduncles opposite, verticillate or alternate, up to 1.5 cm long, 5 to 8 flowers in an umbel, their pedicels glabrous, 4 to 5 mm long, rather stout. Calyx turbinate, truncate, about 2.5 mm long. Petals wholly united into an ovoid, rounded calyptra up to 4 mm in length, which is circumscissly deciduous. Anthers usually 6, oblong, obtuse, 3 mm long. Ovary 6- or 7-celled. BRITISH NorTH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10180, November 1, 1915. With the specimen is a detached fruiting branch about 30 cm in length, 102 The Philippine Journal of Science © 1918 which is dark-brown and entirely glabrous. The fruits are ovoid-ellipsoid, somewhat sulcate, brown, about 6 mm in diameter, 6- or 7-seeded. The species is well characterized by its thick, rigid leaflets, which are three in number and with stout petiolules; its unusually stout, short petioles; its elongated rigid stipules; and its petals wholly connate into a deciduous calyptra, the latter character an anomalous one in the genus. SCHEFFLERA PACHYPHLEBIA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra; foliis 6-foliolatis, stipulis coriaceis, oblongis amplexicaulibus, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, ramis saepe incrassatis; foliolis coriaceis, ellipticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, brevissime acuminatis, basi acutis, nitidis, margine revolutis, integris vel versus apicem parcissime serratis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, subtus cum reticulis elevatis valde prominen- tibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, umbellis racemose dispositis, pedunculatis; floribus plerumque 5-. vel 6-meris; fructibus purpureis, in siccitate atro-brunneis, circiter 6 mm diametro, sulcatis, locellis usque ad 7, seminibus plerumque 4 vel 5. A shrub or small tree, entirely glabrous, the branchlets often thickened. Leaves 6-foliolate, their petioles about 4 cm long, the stipules oblong, coriaceous, obtuse, up to 2.5 cm long, clasping the stems; leaflets elliptic, coriaceous, usually dark-colored when dry, 7 to 10 cm long, 4 to 5 em wide, base acute to rounded, apex shortly acuminate, margins revolute, entire or somewhat serrate near the apex, shining when dry, the lower surface some- times slightly glaucous; petiolules 1.5 to 2 cm long; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface as are the raised primary reticulations. Inflorescence terminal, consisting of from one to several partial inflorescences up to 10 cm in length, these partial inflorescences of racemosely disposed umbels. Umbels alternate, opposite, or verticillate, their peduncles 1 to 1.5 em long, each 6- to 12-flowered, the pedicels about 5 mm long. Flowers mostly 5- or 6-merous. Calyx turbinate, truncate, about 3mm long. Petals free, valvate, oblong-ovate, acute, 3.5 mm long. Filaments about 4 mm long. Fruit dark-purple when ripe, dark-brown when dry, ovoid, about 6 mm long, sulcate, 5- to 7-celled, usually 5- or 4-seeded. BRITISH NorTH BoRNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave, Mrs. Clemens 10592 (type), November 12, 1915, Haslam, August, 1916. This species is characterized by its prominently nerved, coriaceous, reticulate leaflets, and its greatly produced, coriaceous stipules. SCHEFFLERA TETRANDRA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, inflorescentiis parce stellato-pubescen- tibus; foliis plerumque 5-foliolatis, foliolis chartaceis ad coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate brunneis vel xi,c,2 - Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 103 pallidis, integris, basi acutis, apice tenuiter subcaudato-acumi- natis, usque ad 14 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 8, quam secundariis vix magis distinctioribus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, rhachibus haud productis, ramis primariis 5 ad 7, adscendentibus, 20 ad 40 cm longis; umbellulis paucifloris, brevi- ter pedunculatis, racemose dispositis; floribus plerumque 4-meris, parvis. A shrub or a small tree, glabrous except the sparingly stellate- pubescent inflorescences. Leaves palmately 5-foliolate, their petioles 5 to 18 cm long, inflated and clasping at the base; leaflets oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous to coria- ceous, entire, pale to brownish when dry, of about the same color on both surfaces, shining, base acute, apex slenderly caudate- acuminate, 8 to 14 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide; primary lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, distinct but scarcely more prominent than are the secondary nerves, more or less as- cending and anastomosing with the extended basal pair of nerves forming a somewhat arched marginal pair extending nearly or quite to the apex, the reticulations distinct on both surfaces. Inflorescences terminal, the rachis not or but very slightly pro- duced, the primary branches 5 to 7, 20 to 40 em in length, each subtended by an oblong-ovate, acuminate, pale, coriaceous, some- what pubescent bract 1.5 to 2 cm in length, the younger parts of the inflorescences stellate-pubescent with cinereous hairs, the older parts glabrous or nearly so. Umbels racemosely arranged on the primary branches, numerous, 5- to 10-flowered, their peduncles 2 to 10 mm long, or the uppermost ones sometimes sessile, the subtending bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm long or less. Pedicels usually about 2 mm long. Flowers mostly 4- merous, sometimes 5-merous, the petals about 2 mm long, wholly connate into a deciduous calyptra. Fruits 3 to 4 mm long, 4-, rarely 5-angled and sulcate, 4-, rarely 5-celled. SARAWAK, near Sandakan, Native collector 183, 184, 185, 426, 799, 801, 505, 1763, 2707 Bur. Sci.; Lundu, Foxworthy 71, May, 1908 (type), with the native name raka. The alliance of this species is apparently with Schefflera subulata (Miq.) Vig. but it has distinctly smaller, more numerous leaflets, longer racemes, and usually 4-merous flowers. It is apparently common in Sarawak. CLETHRACEAE CLETHRA Linnaeus CLETHRA PACHYPHYLLA sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis et inflorescentiis dense ferrugineo-villo- sis; foliis oblongis ad anguste oblongo-obovatis, crasse coriaceis, 104 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 usque ad 6 cm longis, acute acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine irregulariter serrulatis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 12, valde prominen- tibus, subtus dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, vetustioribus palli- dis et minute puberulis; racemis usque ad 5 cm longis, floribus brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, usque ad 8 mm longis. A small tree, the branchlets and inflorescences densely ferru- ginous-villous, the branches rugose, brownish, glabrous. Leaves oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, shortly and sharply acumi- nate, base cuneate, margins subentire to minutely and irregularly denticulate, thickly coriaceous, 5 to 6 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, the upper surface dark-brown, glabrous, and somewhat shining when dry, the midrib impressed, the lower surface densely fer- ruginous-pubescent, with intermixed villous hairs on the midrib and nerves, the older ones pale on the lower surface and minutely puberulent; lateral nerves 9 to 12 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, anastomosing; petioles pubescent, about 1 cm long. Racemes up to 5 cm in length, densely ferruginous-villous, the flowers somewhat crowded, shortly pedicelled, the bracts linear-lanceolate, thick, pubescent, up to 8 mm in length. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, ferruginous-pubes- cent, about 4mm long. Petals (in bud) obovate, glabrous, about 3 mm long. BritisH NortH Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave to Lobang, Mrs. Clemens 10692, November 15, 1915. _ The alliance of this species is manifestly with Clethra luzonica Merr., which it resembles in many characters. It is distinguished by its fewer- nerved, sharply acuminate, narrower leaves, which are much more pubescent than in the Philippine species, and in its villous branchlets and inflores- cences. Clethra pulgarensis Elm., of Palawan, has very differently shaped, much broader leaves, which are not sharply acuminate. CLETHRA CLEMENTIS sp. nov. Arbor parva, plus minusve stellato-tomentosis; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm Jlongis, chartaceis, acute acuminatis, basi acutis, margine subintegris ad irregulariter ser- rulatis, subtus parce stellato-tomentosis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, distinctis; paniculis stellato-pubescentibus, ramis 10 ad 20 em longis; floribus numerosis, petalis obovatis, 3 mm longis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, 5 ad 7 mm longis, deciduis; capsulis depresso-globosis, 2.5 ad 3 mm diametro. A small tree attaining a height of nearly 10 m, or in some habitats a shrub 1.5 to 2 m high, the younger parts stellate- pubescent, the indumentum usually ferruginous and often dense, the older branches glabrous. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, XILL, ©, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 105 chartaceous, 6 to 11 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed upward to the acutely acuminate apex and below to the acute base, the margins subentire to irregularly serrulate, the upper surface brownish-olivaceous, glabrous or with scat- tered stellate hairs along the midrib and nerves when young, the lower surface paler, sparingly stellate-pubescent; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petioles pubescent, 1 cm long or less. Panicles ferruginous- to subcine- reous-pubescent, the indumentum dense, short, stellate, the branches often slender, 10 to 20 cm in length, the buds on young branches crowded and subtended by the conspicuous bracts, in anthesis somewhat scattered, their pedicels up to 3 mm in length and persistent after the flower falls, the bracts deciduous, linear- lanceolate, densely pubescent, 5 to 7 mm long. Flowers white or greenish-white, numerous. Sepals ovate to oblong-ovate, 2 to 2.5 mm long, somewhat acuminate, densely pubescent. Petals obovate, glabrous, 3 mm long. Ovary pubescent; style 2 mm long. Fruit depressed-globose, 2.5 to 83 mm in diameter. BRITISH NortTH BoRNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kibayo to Keung, Mrs. Clemens 9859, 9826, October 29, 1915; Mount Kalawat, Mrs. Clemens 11148 (type), December 10, 1915, common, ; It is suspected that this is the form reported from Borneo by Stapf and by Miss Gibbs as Clethra canescens Reinw., but it is remarkably distinct from Reinwardt’s species as I understand it, and as interpreted by J. J. Smith from Javan and Celebes material; Reinwardt’s type was from Celebes, and no satisfactory description of it was published until 1914. Koorders 19280 from Celebes unquestionably represents Reinwardt’s species, and represents a species from which I am now of the opinion that Clethra williamsii C. B. Rob. of Mindanao cannot be distinguished. It has coriaceous leaves, with from 17 to 20 pairs of lateral nerves, while the form above described has at most chartaceous leaves with but 10 to 12 pairs of lateral nerves. Clethra clementis Merr. is distinctly more closely allied to the Philippine C. lancifolia Turcz., than to C. canescens Reinw. MYRSINACEAE MAESA Forskal MAESA SUBCAUDATA sp. nov. Frutex glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus, elenticellatis; foliis ~ oblongo-ellipticis ad oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, membranaceis, basi acutis vel decurrento-acuminatis, apice te- nuiter subcaudato-acuminatis, margine perspicue subrepando- dentatis, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, perspicuis, subtus minutis- sime subrubiginoso-puncticulatis, obscure reticulatis, lineis ner- *J. J. Smith in Koorders & Valeton Bijdr. Boomsoort, Java Meded. Dept. Lanbouw 18 (1914) 87. ‘106 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 villiformibus destitutis; racemis axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus 5-meris, urceolatis, circiter 4 mm longis, calycis perspicue lineatis, lobis ovatis, obtusis, glabris, integris; petalis ? connatis, lineatis, lobis circiter 1 mm longis, obtusis ad subacutis. A glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets elenticellate, terete, brownish. Leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, mem- branaceous, rather pale when dry, slightly shining, 15 to 20 cm long, 6.5 to 9 cm wide, base acute to decurrent-acuminate, apex slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen acute, about 1.5 cm long, the margins rather prominently subrepand-dentate, the lower surface very minutely subrubiginous-puncticulate; lateral nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, somewhat ascending, the reticulations inconspicuous; petioles about 1.5 cm long. Racemes axillary, simple, solitary or in pairs, up to 2.5 cm long, few-flowered. Flowers 5-merous, about 4 mm long, the pedicels 3 mm long, the bracteoles 2, oblong, less than 1 mm long. Calyx-tube and lobes prominently lineate, the lobes ovate, obtuse, entire, 1.3 to 1.5 mm long. Corolla prominently lineate, the tube about 2 mm long, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse to subacute, about 1 mm long. Stamens attached at about the middle of the tube, the filaments about as long as the anthers. BRITISH NortH Borneo, Villamil 234, June, 1917. This species is strongly characterized by being entirely glabrous; by its rather large, membranaceous, rather prominently subrepand-dentate, subcaudate-acuminate, rather many-nerved leaves, which are minutely sub- rubiginous-puncticulate; and its short, few-flowered, simple racemes, the flowers being 5-merous and prominently lineate. It is perhaps as closely allied to Maesa laevigata Scheff. as to any other known species. MAESA CLEMENTIS sp. nov. Frutex, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque parcissime puber- ulis exceptis glaber, ramis ramulisque in siccitate brunneis, teretibus, parce lenticellatis; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad oblongis, usque ad 11 cm longis, membranaceis ad chartaceis, pallide olivaceis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, apice distincte acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, perspicuis, subtus haud puncticulatis, lineis nervilliformibus manifestis auctis, margine distanter sub- rostrato- vel apiculato-dentatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, de- pauperato-paniculatis, petiolo subaequantibus; floribus 5-meris, circiter 3 mm longis, calycis lobis lineatis, ovatis, acuminatis, 1 mm longis, margine minutissime ciliatis; petalis usque ad # connatis, lobes lineatis, orbiculari-reniformibus, rotundatis; fila- mentis quam antheris 3- vel 4-plo longioribus. ; A shrub, glabrous except the very slightly puberulent branch- XIII, ©, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 107 lets and inflorescences. Branches and branchlets brown when dry, slender, terete, more or less lenticellate, slightly striate. Leaves membranaceous to chartaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong, 7 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, pale-olivaceous and shining when dry, the base rounded to acute, the apex distinctly acumi- nate, the margins distantly dentate with short, stout, blunt, subrostrate or apiculate teeth, the basal parts entire or nearly so; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, scarcely anastomosing, the nerves and their ultimate branches ending in marginal teeth, the reticulations indistinct, the lower surface with numerous, manifest, nerve-like lines; petioles 0.8 to 1.8 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, about as long as the petioles, depauperate-paniculate, rather few-flowered. Flowers white or cream-colored, 5-merous, about 3 mm long, their pedicels 2 mm long, the bracteole subtending the pedicels oblong, acuminate, less than 1 mm long, the two prophyllae sub- tending the flower similar to the bracteoles but slightly smaller. Calyx distinctly lineate, the lobes ovate, acuminate, about 1 mm long, their margins very minutely ciliate. Petals connate for about two-thirds their length, the tube not lineate, the lobes sub- reniform-ovate, rounded, lineate, about 0.8 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. Filaments attached near the base of the tube, three to four times as long as the anthers. BriTisH NorTH BoRNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Minitindok and Lobang Gorges, and Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10494 (type), 10102, 10462, November 19 and 29, 1915. The alliance of this species is with Maesa montana A. DC., from which it differs notably in its differently shaped, shortly acuminate leaves, and numerous other characters. MAESA CONFERTA sp. nov. Species ut videtur M. japonicae affinis. Frutex glaberrimus, ramis nitidis, griseis vel brunneis; foliis submembranaceis vel chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 17 cm longis, nitidis, epuncticulatis, basi subacutis, apice tenuiter acu- minatis, margine distanter apiculato-dentatis vel subintegris, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6, curvato-adscendentibus, perspicuis, anas- tomosantibus; infructescentiis axillaribus, quam petiolis brevio- ribus, fructibus valde confertis, ovoideis, circiter 5 mm longis, perspicue longitudinaliter striato-lineatis; calycis lobis 5, ovatis, obtusis ad subacutis, lineatis, glabris, integris, circiter 1.5 mm longis. An entirely glabrous shrub, the branches terete, grayish to brownish, shining, elenticellate. Leaves submembranaceous to chartaceous, pale-olivaceous and shining when dry, not puncticu- 108 The Philippine Journal of Science © 1918 late, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to 6.5: cm wide, base subacute, the apex slenderly acuminate, the acumen subacute, up to 2 cm in length, the margins very dis- tantly apiculate-dentate, the teeth always short, sometimes obso- ‘ lete and the margins entire or nearly so; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct; petioles about 1 em long. Infructescences axillary, shorter than the petioles, of solitary or paired, simple racemes, the rachis 5 mm long or less. Fruits ovoid, brown, about 5 mm long, prominently striate- lineate, their pedicels 2 mm long or less, the bracteoles minute, 0.4 mm long or less. Persistent calyx-teeth 5, ovate, obtuse to subacute, entire, glabrous, prominently lineate, 1.5 mm long. Seeds numerous, sharply angled, quadrangular, about 1 mm in diameter. BRITISH NoRTH BORNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 9969 (type), 9968, November 29, 1917, “fruit greenish-brown, pale-striped.” While the flowers of this species are unknown, I feel rather confident that its alliance is with Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi, which it resem- bles in its vegetative characters and especially in its fruits. It is well characterized by its very short infructescences, which are distinctly shorter . than the petioles, and its crowded fruits. ARDISIA Swartz ARDISIA MOULTONII sp. nov. § Tinopsis. Frutex vel arbor, ramis griseis, teretibus, glabris, ramulis junioribus et inflorescentiis dense brunneo- vel castaneo-furfur- aceis; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, nitidis, epunctatis, integris, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 35, distinctis vel indistinctis; inflo- rescentiis terminalibus, usque ad 12 cm longis, tripinnatim pani- culatis, floribus in ramulis ultimis subumbellatim dispositis, con- fertis, breviter et crasse pedicellatis, calycis tubo obconico, 3 ad 4 mm longo, lobis late ovatis, valde imbricatis, acutis vel acuminatis, circiter 6 mm longis, coriaceis, obscure punctatis, margine ciliatis. A shrub or tree, glabrous except the distinctly and rather densely brownish- to castaneous-lepidote branchlets and inflores- cences, the leaves often minutely lepidote. Branches terete, grayish. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous, somewhat shin- ing, brownish-olivaceous, of about the same color on both sur- faces, epunctate, 12 to 20 cm long, 2.5 to 7 em wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and the somewhat acuminate apex, entire, the midrib somewhat impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves about 25 * XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 109 on each side of the midrib, distinct or indistinct, sometimes obscure, spreading, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations usually very obscure; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescences terminal, tripinnately paniculate, up to 12 cm in length, the branches racemosely arranged, alternate, the lower ones sub- tended by reduced leaves and up to 5 cm in length, the flowers umbellately arranged at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, crowded, 5 to 7 in an umbel, subsessile or pedicellate, the pedicels stout, up to 4 mm in length, the subtending bracteoles lanceolate, 3 to 5 mm in length, the bracts similar but larger. Calyx-tube obconic, 3 to 4 mm long, the lobes broadly ovate to suborbicular- ovate, acute to somewhat acuminate, undulate, coriaceous, ob- securely punctate, the margins somewhat ciliate, about 6 mm long, very prominently imbricate, the outer basal part often distinctly rounded-auricled. Petals ovate, subcoriaceous, about 6 mm long, somewhat acuminate, scarcely punctate. Anthers acuminate, 3 mm long. Ovary glabrous; style 4 to 5 mm long, included in bud. ; SARAWAK, Siol, and other localities, Native collector 156, 372, 672 (type), 1631, 2350 Bur. Sci., the type collected June 1, 1911. The alliance of this species is apparently with Ardisia lanceolata Roxb. and A. nitidula Mez. It is well characterized by its crowded, umbellately arranged, subsessile to shortly pedicelled flowers; its distinctly elongated calyx-tube; and its prominently imbricate sepals. It is dedicated to Captain J. C. Moulton, formerly director of the SARAWAK Museum, under whose supervision extensive botanical collections were made for the Bureau of Science. ARDISIA SARAWAKENSIS sp. nov. § Tinopsis. Arbor 6 ad 7 m alta, glabra; foliis alternis, coriaceis, oblongis, circiter 20 cm longis, in siccitate purpureo-brunneis, nitidis, minute undulatis, apice obtusis, basi acutis, utrinque perspicue punctatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 25, patulis, anasto- mosantibus, subtus prominulis, reticulis laxis; paniculis termina- libus, pedunculatis, circiter 10 cm longis, pyramidatis, bipinna- tim paniculatis, floribus in ramulis primariis subumbellatim dispositis; sepalis elliptico-ovatis, acutis vel obtusis, perspicue glandulosis, margine leviter ciliatis, circiter 3 mm longis, imbri- catis; petalis ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 6 mm longis, supra parce punctatis, infra densissime puncticulatis. A tree, 6 to 7 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches terete, purplish-brown, rugose. Leaves alternate, oblong, coriaceous, purplish-brown when dry, shining, about 20 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, entire, subequally narrowed to the obtuse apex and the acute base, both surfaces conspicuously punctate-glandular, e 110 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 the glands distinctly visible to the naked eye; primary lateral nerves about 25 on each side of the midrib, spreading, anasto- mosing, distinct on the lower surface, the reticulations lax; petioles stout, about 5 mm long. Panicles terminal, pyramidal, peduncled, about 10 cm long, bipinnate, the flowers subumbellately arranged at the tips of the primary branches, the branches alternate, the lower ones 3 cm long or less. Flowers pink, 6 to 12 in each umbel, their pedicels 7 to 9 mm long. Sepals elliptic-ovate, acute or obtuse, about 3 mm long, prominently glandular, margins sparingly ciliate, distinctly imbricate in the basal parts, nearly free. Petals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 6 mm long and 3 mm wide, the upper part with few, scattered, large glands, the median portion of the lower half densely punctate-glandular with small glands. Anthers oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, about 4 mm long, the connectives not glandular. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style 4.5 mm long, not exserted in bud. SARAWAK, Mount Poe, Foxworthy 201, May 24, 1908, altitude about 1,300 meters. This species falls in the group with Ardisia lanceolata Roxb., but is not closely allied to that species. It is well characterized by its purplish- brown, oblong, obscurely undulate, prominently punctate, short-petioled, obtuse leaves. ARDISIA PYGMAEA sp. nov. § Bladhia. Suffrutex usque ad 20 cm altus, glaber, caulibus simplicibus, erectis vel infra decumbens; foliis confertis, obovatis ad oblongo- obovatis, integris, usque ad 13 cm longis, chartaceis ad subcoria- ceis, apice rotundatis, basi acutis vel subacutis, breviter petiolatis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 15, distinctis; inflorescentiis in axillis superioribus, usque ad 8 cm longis, simpliciter racemosis; calycis lobis ovatis, acuminatis, perspicue glandulosis, margine ciliatis, circiter 1.5 mm longis; fructibus globosis, glabris, circiter 6 mm diametro. A dwarfed, erect, simple undershrub about 20 cm high, the stems erect or decumbent below, woody, up to 5 mm in diameter, dark-brown. Leaves crowded toward the apices of the stems, olivaceous, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, obovate to oblong- obovate, 8 to 13 cm long, 4.to 5.5 em wide, glabrous, epunctate or with but few glands, apex broadly rounded, narrowed below to the acute or subacute base, the margins entire; lateral nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct; petioles 4 to 7 mm long. Racemes simple, erect, up to 8 cm long, in the upper axils, glabrous. Pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, recurved, the subtend- ing bracteoles ovate to oblong-ovate, prominently glandular, up XIII, ©, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants ai to 2.5 mm in length. Calyx about 5 mm in diameter, the lobes ovate, acuminate, about 1.5 mm long, prominently glandular, margins ciliate. Fruits globose, glabrous, about 6 mm in dia- meter, the styles slender, 3 to 4 mm long. SaRAWAK, Native collector 672, 424, 1448, 1178 (type) Bur. Sci., one of the specimens from Matang Road, July 25, 1911, the others not localized. This very characteristic species is somewhat anomalous in the section Bladhia in its racemose inflorescences, entire leaves, and in being glabrous throughout. It does not appear to be closely allied to any previously de- scribed species of the genus. ARDISIA LUCIDA sp. nov. § Pimelandra. Arbor circiter 8 m alta, novellis minutissime ferrugineo-tomen- tosis exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, chartaceis, nitidis, usque ad 13 cm longis, alternis, supra subolivaceis, subtus pallide brunneis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, integris, epunctatis, nervis utrinque circiter 14, curvatis, anastomosanti- bus, supra plerumque impressis, subtus prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, circiter 2 cm longis, bipinnatim paniculatis, e basi ramosis, floribus umbellatim dispositis; calycis lobis oblongis, acutis, 1.2 mm longis, leviter furfuraceis, margine minute ciliatis, eglandulosis. A tree about 8 m high, glabrous except the minutely ferrugin- ous-tomentose growing tips of the branchlets. Branches terete, brownish, smooth. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, shining on both surfaces, the upper surface subolivaceous, the lower pale- brownish, epunctate, oblong, 9 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute or somewhat acuminate base and the distinctly acuminate apex; primary lateral nerves about 14 on each side of the midrib, usually impressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations close, not prominent; petioles 9 to 18 mm long. Panicles bipinnate, branched from the base, axillary, about 2 em long, solitary, lax, few-flowered, the flowers umbellately dis- posed, ‘the pedicels, in fruit, about 5 mm long. Calyx slightly furfuraceous, about 4 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong, acute, about 1.2 mm long, eglandular, margins slightly ciliate. Fruits globose, glabrous, about 5 mm in diameter. BritTisH NoRTH BoRNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Lobang and Minitindok Gorges, Mrs. Clemens 10435 (type), 10331, November 15 and 19, 1915. This species, a characteristic one of the section Pimelandra, falls in the group with, and is most closely allied to, Ardisia brachybotrys Lauterb. & K. Schum. of New Guinea, from which it may be distinguished by its differently shaped, smaller leaves, its eglandular sepals, and its smooth, not tuberculate fruits. 112 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ARDISIA DOLICHOSEPALA sp. nov. § Crispardisia. Frutex glaber, vel ramulis et inflorescentiis parcissime pubes- cens; foliis alternis, oblong ad oblongo-lanceolatis, membranaceis, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 21 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, nigro-punctatis, margine irregulariter crenatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, tenuibus; inflorescentiis subsessilibus vel pedunculatis, paucifloris, umbellatis; floribus 5-, rariter 6-meris, circiter 8 mm longis, sepalis membranaceis, lan- ceolatis, obtusis, 7 ad 8 mm longis, perspicue punctatis; petalis perspicue punctatis, oblongo-ovatis, sepalis aequilongis. A glabrous shrub or the very young branchlets and inflores- cences very slightly pubescent. Branches terete, brownish, rugose. Leaves alternate, membranaceous, olivaceous, shining, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 21 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and the blunt-acuminate apex, the margins irregularly crenate, conspicuously black-punc- tate; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, slender, anastomosing, the reticulations very lax, indistinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Umbels simple, in the upper axils, subsessile or pedunculate, the peduncles up to 3 cm in length, the pedicels about 1 cm long, ten or fewer flowers in each umbel. Flowers pink, about 8 mm long, the bracteoles oblong, glandular, up to 3mm in length. Sepals membranaceous, lanceolate, obtuse, con- spicuously glandular-punctate, 7 to 8 mm long, 1.6 to 2 mm wide, nearly glabrous, the margins sometimes with a few short hairs. Petals as long as the sepals, oblong-ovate, acuminate, conspicu- ously glandular-punctate, about 4 mm wide. Anthers oblong- ovate, subobtuse, 4 mm long, the connectives glandular. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style slender, 7 mm long. Fruits red, brown when dry, subglobose, about 6 mm in diameter. British NortH Borneo, Mount Kinabalu, Gurulau Spur, Minitindok Gorge, and Kiau, Mrs. Clemens 10819 (type), 10486, s. n., November 17 and 27, 1915. The alliance of this species is with Ardisia petocalyx Scheff., from which it is distinguished by its vegetative and inflorescence characters. The flowers are occasionally 6-merous, but normally 5-merous. The sinuses of the crenulations bear the characteristic glands of the subgenus, the leaf- margin otherwise bearing a rather close row of black glands similar to those that are scattered over other parts of the leaf. ARDISIA OBSCURINERVIA sp. nov. § Tinus. Arbor, partibus junioribus minute furfuraceo-lepidotis ex- ceptis glabra; foliis alternis, coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 17 cm longis, in siccitate olivaceo-brunneis, opacis vel leviter nitidis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice leviter obtuse eid ananager Sa a 1 RI REY XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 113 acuminatis, epunctatis, nervis lateralibus valde obscuris, inter- dum obsoletis; inflorescentiis e axillis foliis reductis, paniculam foliaceam formans; floribus umbellatim dispositis; sepalis orbi- culari-ovatis, 3 mm longis, imbricatis, obscure glandulosis vel eglandulosis, margine ciliatis; petalis elliptico-ovatis, 4 ad 5 mm longis, obtusis, epunctatis. A tree, glabrous except the minutely furtersssoandinidake younger parts, the indumentum subferruginous, deciduous. Branches terete, grayish, glabrous. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, oblong, 12 to 17 cm long, 4 to 4.5 em wide, those subtending the inflorescences greatly reduced and 3 to 5 cm in length, sub- equally narrowed to the acute base and the blunt-acuminate apex, brownish-olivaceous and dull or slightly shining when > dry, of the same color on both surfaces, entire, epunctate, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath, the lateral nerves very slender, obscure, sometimes obsolete; petioles stout, rugose, pale, about 8 mm long. Inflorescences from the axils of reduced leaves toward the apices of the branches, form- ing a somewhat leafy panicle, all lateral, the individual inflores- cences bipinnate, the flowers umbellately arranged at the tips of the branches, 5 to 7 flowers in a panicle, their pedicels 5 mm long or less, subtended by oblong bracteoles, the primary branches 1 cm long or less, subtended by oblong-lanceolate bracts up to 8 mm in length. Sepals 3 mm long, imbricate, orbicular- ovate, rounded, obscurely glandular, margins ciliate. Petals elliptic-ovate, 4 to 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse, glabrous, epunctate. Ovary depressed-globose, glabrous; style 5 mm long, included. Anthers oblong-ovate, acuminate, 3 mm long, the con- nectives not or very obscurely glandular. SARAWAK, Lundu, Foxworthy 34, May 10, 1908, with the local name wma. : The alliance of this species is apparently with Ardisia pendula Mez, from which it is distinguished, among numerous other characters, by its shorter petioles, epunctate leaves, erect or spreading, not pendulous inflores- cences, and smaller flowers. ARDISIA LANCIFOLIA sp. nov. § Acrardisia. Frutex, ramulis junioribus dense cupreo-lepidotis, foliis subtus parce sed distincte lepidotis; foliis lanceolatis ad oblongo-lanceo- latis, chartaceis, olivaceis, nitidis, usque ad 11 cm longis, integris, basi acutis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, epunctatis vel punctis paucis instructis, nervis utrinque circiter 10, tenuibus, anastomo- santibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paucifloris, 2 ad 3 cm longis, floribus subumbellatim dispositis; calycis lobis oblongo- ovatis, obtusis, perspicue parce punctatis, margine ciliatis, cir- 114 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 citer 1 mm longis; petalis oblongo-ovatis, 3.5 mm longis, acum- inatis, epunctatis vel cum glandulis 1 vel 2 instructis. A shrub, the young branchlets and the inflorescences rather densely cupreous-lepidote, the leaves distinctly but sparingly lepidote on the lower surface. Branches terete, glabrous, brown- ish, slender. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, usually olivaceous when dry, shining, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5.5 to 11 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, entire, the base acute, apex slenderly but bluntly acuminate, eglandular or with few glands, the lower surface with scattered, brown or cupreous, minute scales; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, _ anastomosing; petioles 5 to 10 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, few-flowered, more or less cupreous-lepidote, the flowers subumbellately arranged on the ultimate branchlets, usually but two or three to a branchlet, their pedicels 5 to 7 mm long. Calyx 3 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse, ciliate on the margins, each lobe with 2 to 5 conspicuous glands. Petals oblong-ovate, acuminate, 3.5 mm long, eglandular or with one or two glands. Anthers oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, 2.5 mm long, the connectives slightly glandular. Ovary glabrous; style 2 to 2.5 mm long. BriTisH NortH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kemberanga and Gurulau Spur, Mrs. Clemens 10518 (type), 10827, November 15 and 27, 1915. This is allied to both Ardisia kinabaluensis Merr. and A. lepidotula Merr., differing from the former conspicuously in its fewer-nerved leaves, and from the latter in its distinct nerves, widely scattered lepidote scales on the lower surface of the leaves, and other characters. ARDISIA KINABALUENSIS sp. nov. § Acrardisia. Frutex, partibus junioribus minute cupreo-lepidulotis; foliis alternis, olivaceis vel brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, usque ad 9 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis, utrinque punctis multis instructis, nervis utrinque circiter 18, tenuibus, distinctis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 4 cm longis, bipinnatim paniculatis, paucifloris, floribus in ramulis ultimis umbellatim dispositis; floribus circiter 1 cm diametro, calycis lobis oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, circiter 1 mm longis, parce punctatis, margine minute ciliatis; petalis 5 mm longis, oblongo- ovatis, acuminatis, parce glanduloso-punctatis. A shrub, the very young parts distinctly but minutely cupreous- lepidote, the older parts entirely glabrous. Branches terete, brownish or reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves alternate, sub- coriaceous, olivaceous to brownish, shining, oblong to oblong- elliptic, 5 to 9 cm long, 2 to 4 em wide, base acute, apex blunt- acuminate, margins entire, both surfaces with numerous, black XIII, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 115 or dark-colored glands, these often visible to the naked eye; lateral nerves about 18 on each side of the midrib, slender, dis- tinct on both surfaces; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Panicles bipin- nate, terminal, few-flowered, about 4 cm long, the flowers um- bellately arranged at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels up to 7 mm in length. Flowers (spread) about 1 cm in diameter. Calyx about 3 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong- ovate, obtuse, sparingly glandular, 1 mm long, their margins minutely ciliate. Petals 5 mm long, oblong-ovate, acuminate, sparingly glandular-punctate. Anthers oblong-lanceolate, acum- inate, 3 mm long, the connectives not glandular. Ovary glab- rous; style 3.5 mm long, not exserted in bud. BriTIsH NortTH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Kemberanga, and Paka Cave to Low’s Peak, ascending to an altitude of 3,350 meters, Mrs. Clemens 10517 (type), 10663, 10668a, November 12 to 15, 1915, Haslam, August, 1916. This species is manifestly allied to the Philippine Ardisia scabrida Mez, from which it is distinguished, among other characters, by its psieeeced leaves, and obtuse, distinctly ciliate sepals. ARDISIA LEPIDOTULA sp. nov. § Acrardisia. Frutex circiter 1.5 m altus, ramulis et inflorescentiis et subtus foliis junioribus dense ferrugineo- ad cupreo-lepidotulis; foliis oblongis, petiolatis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, integris, usque ad 8 cm longis, brunneis vel olivaceis, basi acutis, apice distincte sed obtuse acuminatis, utrinque minutissime puncticulatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 12, tenuibus, indistinctis, interdum subobsoletis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, 2 ad 4 cm longis, pauci- floris, tripinnatim paniculatis, floribus parvis, in ramulis ultimis umbellatim dispositis; sepalis oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, circiter 1 mm longis, glandulosis, margine leviter ciliatis; petalis parce glandulosis, circiter 3 mm longis. A shrub about 1.5 m high, the young branchlets, lower surface of the younger leaves, and the inflorescences densely and min- utely ferruginous- to cupreous-lepidulote, the very old leaves glab- rous or nearly so. Branches terete, grayish-brown, rugose, glabrous. Leaves alternate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong, 4 to 8 em long, 1.5 to 2.5 em wide, entire, brownish or olivaceous and more or less shining when dry, base acute, apex distinctly but bluntly acuminate, the midrib usually impressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower surface, both surfaces very minutely and obscurely puncticulate; primary lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, very slender, usually obscure, often nearly obsolete; petioles about 5 mm long, ultimately glab- rous, when young densely cupreous-lepidote. Panicles termi- 1548704, 116 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 nal, 2 to 4 cm long, bipinnately paniculate, few-flowered, densely cupreous-lepidote, the primary branches few, 1 cm long or less, the flowers umbellately arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 3 mm long or less. Sepals oblong, obtuse, about 1 mm long, not at all imbricate, margins minutely ciliate, glandular- punctate. Petals glabrous, oblong-ovate, subacute, sparingly glandular, about 3 mm long. Styles not at all exserted. SARAWAK, Mount Poe, Foxworthy 375, 386 (type), June 8, 1908, near the summit, altitude about 1,700 meters; Mount Santubong, Native collector 2227 Bur. Sci. In the group of comparatively few species to which this form pertains, it is well characterized by its small inflorescences but more especially by its ferruginous to cupreous lepidote indumentum. ARDISIA HOSEI sp. nov. § Acrardisia. Arbor glabra, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, chartaceis, olivaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, . acuminatis, basi acutis, utrinque perspicue glandulosis, nervis primariis utrinque 15 ad 18, tenuibus; inflorescentiis termina- libus, pedunculatis, 10 ad 12 cm longis, bipinnatim paniculatis, paucifloris; floribus magnis, apertis circiter 2.5 cm diametro, racemose dispositis, pedicellis 1 ad 1.3 cm longis; sepalis sub anthesin apertis, haud imbricatis, oblongo-obovatis ad obovato- ellipticis, obtusis, glabris, perspicue nigro-punctatis, in alabastro valde imbricato; petalis circiter 1.2 mm longis, obtusis, glan- duloso-punctatis, oblongo-ellipticis. A glabrous tree, the branches and branchlets terete, reddish- brown, sparingly glandular-punctate. Leaves alternate, charta- ceous, olivaceous, slightly shining, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 13 to 20 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base acute, apex somewhat acuminate, the acumen blunt, both surfaces conspicuously and rather densely glandular-punctate, the glands all alike in size, margins entire; primary lateral nerves 15 to 18 on each side of the midrib, slender, sometimes scarcely more prominent than are the secondary nerves; petioles 1 to 1.8 cm long. Panicles terminal, bipinnate, few-flowered, peduncled, 10 to 12 cm long, the flowers racemosely arranged on the ultimate branches, the pedicels 1 to1.3cmlong. Flowers unusually large for the genus, when. spread about 2.5 cm in diameter. Sepals in bud strongly imbricate, in anthesis spreading, not at all imbricate, oblong- obovate to elliptic-obovate, entirely glabrous, conspicuously black- glandular, rounded or obtuse. Corolla-lobes nearly free, about 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse, glandular, oblong-elliptic. Fila- XIU, C, 2 Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 117 ments about 3 mm long; anthers oblong-lanceolate, subcaudate- acuminate, 5 to 6 mm long, the connectives sparingly glandular. SARAWAK, Baram District, Marudi, Hose 585, April, 1905. This species is well characterized by its unusually large flowers, in the characters of these differing entirely from Ardisia polyactis Mez, to which it is apparently most closely allied; in vegetative characters it closely approximates Mez’s species. OLEACEAE LINOCIERA Swartz LINOCIERA MACROBOTRYS sp. nov. Frutex glaber, ramulis laevis, teretibus, rubro-brunneis; foliis coriaceis, oblongis, subolivaceis, utrinque subconcoloribus, nitidis, usque ad 6 cm longis, subtus minute puncticulatis, utrinque acutis vel apice obscure acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 6, tenuibus, obscuris, interdum obsoletis vel subobsoletis, subtus leviter im- pressis, reticulis obsoletis; inflorescentiis usque ad 15 cm longis, amplis, multifloris, laxis, ramis inferioribus usque ad 9 cm longis quadripinnatim paniculatis; floribus tenuiter pedicellatis, 4-meris, circiter 4 mm longis, petalis basi leviter connatis, oblongis, obtusis. A shrub 2 m high fide Foxworthy, entirely glabrous in all parts, the branches terete, smooth, reddish-brown, sometimes slightly glaucous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, 5 to 6 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and apex, or the apex slightly acuminate, margins usually recurved, entire, when dry subolivaceous to brownish-olivaceous, of about the same color ~ and shining on both surfaces, the lower surface minutely puncti- culate, the midrib impressed on the upper’ surface, somewhat prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves very slender, obscure, sometimes obsolete or nearly so, about 6 on each side of the midrib, not anastomosing, the reticulations obsolete, often very slightly impressed on the lower surface; petioles about 5 mm long. Panicles terminal and lateral, ample, 4-pinnately paniculate, up to 15 cm in length, branched from near the base, the lower branches up to 9 cm in length, lax, many-flowered, the bracts deciduous, about 3 mm long, the rachis and branches reddish-brown when dry. Flowers yellowish, brown when dry, 4-merous, about 2 mm long, their pedicels 2 to 83 mm in length. - Calyx-teeth triangular-ovate, acute, 0.5 mm long. Petals some- what united, oblong, obtuse. Anthers 1.2 mm long, the connec- tives very broad. 118 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 SARAWAK, Mount Poe, Foxworthy 369 (type), 290, June 3, 1908 in forests on the upper slopes of the mountain, altitude 1,500 to 1,700 meters, with the Dyak name barungian batu. The striking characters of this species are its small, coriaceous, very: obscurely nerved, non-reticulate leaves, and its unusually large panicles. It does not seem to be closely allied to any other described Malayan species. LINOCIERA OLIGANTHA sp. nov. Arbor glabra, vel bracteolis calycibusque parcissime pubescent- ibus, ramis ramulisque pallidis, teretibus; foliis oblongis, charta- ceis ad subcoriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate laevis, pallidis, nitidis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque cir- citer 8, tenuibus, supra saepe obsoletis vel subobsoletis, subtus leviter prominulis, reticulis obsoletis vel subobsoletis; inflores- centiis axillaribus, spiciformibus, solitariis vel binis, usque ad 1.5 cm longis, paucifloris; floribus circiter 5.5 mm longis, 4-meris, petalis involutis. A tree, glabrous throughout or the bracteoles and calyces very obscurely pubescent. Branches and_ branchlets terete, slender, smooth, pale. Leaves opposite, oblong, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, eglandular, smooth, pale, and shining when dry, 10 to 15 cm long, 3.5 to 5 em wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the prominently but blunt-acuminate apex, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, somewhat prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent, often obsolete or subobsolete on the upper surface, slightly projecting on the lower surface, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations lax, indistinct, often obsolete or nearly so; petioles pale, stout, 4 mm long or less. Inflorescences spike-like, simple, axillary, solitary or in pairs, few-flowered, 5 to 15 mm long, all parts except the pale bracteoles dark-brown when dry, the bracteoles ovate, 1.2 mm long, usually slightly pubescent. Flowers opposite, subsessile, 5 to 5.5 mm long, 4-merous. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, rounded, 0.4 mm long, often obscurely pubescent. Petals 4.5 mm long, slightly united at the base, oblong, involute, obtuse, glabrous. Filaments very short; anthers elliptic, about 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous. British NorTH Borneo, Villamil 385 (type), June, 1917. I am also disposed to refer to this species Hose 554 from Mount Trekan, Baram District, Sarawak, July, 1895, which closely resembles the type, differing in its even shorter inflorescences and more distinctly nerved leaves. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Linociera montana (Blume) DC. of Java, from which it is distinguished, among other char- acters, by its slender lateral nerves being distinctly raised on the lower surface of the leaves. xu,c,2 - Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 119 LINOCIERA VERRUCULOSA gp. nov. Arbor circiter 10 m alta, ramulis et inflorescentiis plus minusve subferrugineo-pubescens; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 24 cm longis, breviter et abrupte subapiculato-acuminatis, basi acutis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, laevis, eglandulosis; nervis lateralibus utrinque 10 ad 12, supra impressis, subtus prominulis, anastomosantibus, reticulis laxissimis; paniculis lateralibus, 6 ad 8 cm longis, pubescentibus, bi- vel tripinnatis, floribus in ramulis subspicatim dispositis, 4-meris, calycis ovoideis, 1.2 mm longis ; fructibus ellipsoideis, in siccitate atro-brunneis, junioribus circiter 1.3 cm longis, perspicue verrucosis. A tree about 10 m high, the branchlets and inflorescences more or less ferruginous- or subferruginous-pubescent. Branches grayish, smooth, terete, the branchlets pale-brownish. Leaves oblong, subcoriaceous, 20 to 24 cm long, 7 to 8 cm wide, brown and shining when dry, somewhat paler on the lower surface than the upper, smooth, eglandular, the base acute, the apex abruptly and broadly subapiculate, the midrib and nerves impressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower surface, the nerves 10 to 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations very lax; petioles 1 to 1.2 em long. Panicles lateral, 6 to 8 cm long, peduncled or branched from near the base, bi- or tripinnate, the flowers subspicately crowded on the ultimate branchlets, 4-merous, subsessile or very shortly pedi- celled, the bracts pubescent, 1.5 mm long or less. Calyx ovoid, about 1.2 mm long, the lobes ovate, obtuse, pubescent, 0.8 mm long. Corolla not seen. Fruits (immature) when dry blackish- brown, ellipsoid, about 1.3 cm long, very prominently verrucose, their pedicels about 2 mm long, much thicker than long. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, in forests along the Kalabakan River, Villamil 224, September 26, 1916, altitude about 3 meters. This species is strikingly characterized by its prominently verrucose fruits, all other species of the genus known to me having smooth fruits. In vegetative characters it closely resembles Linociera callophylla (Blume) Knobl., as I have interpreted the latter from the short and imperfect description, and is also similar to “IV, A, 120” in cultivation in the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, from Sumatra; the latter bears an unpub- lished name of Scheffer’s, and Boldingh* has erroneously referred it to Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb., with which it has little in common. It is suspected that this specimen will prove to be the same as Linociera callo- phylla Knobl. * Cat. Herb. Hort. Bogor. (1914) 152. 120 The Philippine Journal of Science - 1918 GENTIANACEAE GENTIANA Linnaeus GENTIANA CLEMENTIS sp. nov. Species G. atkinsonii Burkill valde affinis, differt foliis paullo minoribus, floribus paullo brevioribus, corollae lobis haud reticu- latis, acutis. A caespitose, perennial, glabrous plant 10 cm high or less, from stout, elongated, perpendicular roots, the basal leaves rosu- late, the flowering branches up to 6 cm in length, spreading or ascending, several from each plant, leafless or with but one pair of leaves in addition to those subtending the flowers. Basal leaves 3 to 5 cm long, 4 to 6 mm wide, coriaceous, shining, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, the midrib prominent, those on the flower- ing branches similar to the cauline ones but smaller. Flowers pale-purplish, sessile or subsessile, 2 to 4 at the apex of each branch, subtended by a whorl of 2 to 4 bract-like leaves. Calyx- tube 6 to 8 mm long, narrowed below, the teeth lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 mm long. Corolla about 2.3 em long, the lobes cblong-ovate, acute, 5 mm long, the tube narrowed below, plicate, the alternating small lobes triangular-acute, about 1 mm long. Stamens about as long as the corolla-tube; style recurved, 3 mm long. — BRITISH NortH BorNEO, Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave to Low’s Peak and Paka Cave to Lobang, Mrs. Clemens 10703 (type), 10650, November 13 and 15, 1915, in wet ground, associated with Potentilla, altitude 2,400 to 4,000 meters. This is the third representative of the genus to be found in Borneo, the other two being known only from Mount Kinabalu, and both of them represented in Mrs. Clemens’s collection. It is a distinct Asiatic type and is very closely allied to Gentiana atkinsonii Burkill, a species known only from Loh Fau Mountain, Kwangtung Province, China, of which I have a topotype (Merrill 10326). It so strongly resembles Burkill’s species that had the specimens described above been collected on Loh Fau Mountain it is very probable that botanists generally would have referred them to Gentiana atkinsonii Burkill as a somewhat reduced form. The Kinabalu specimens differ from Burkill’s specimens in the small size of the plants, the shorter flowering branches, smaller leaves, and somewhat smaller flowers. ASCLEPIADACEAE CEROPEGIA Linnaeus CEROPEGIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Herba scandens, glabra, ramulis teretibus; foliis membran- aceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, acutis vel acute-acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subtruncatis, nervis utrin- 7 XII, C,2_ Merrill: New Species of Bornean Plants 121 que 4 vel 5, distantibus; cymis axillaribus, tenuiter pedunculatis, paucifloris; floribus 5 ad 7 cm longis, curvatis, corollae tubo infra leviter inflato deinde constricto, lobis lanceolatis, acuminatis, circiter 2 cm longis, supra cohaerentibus. A scandent, rather slender, herbaceous plant, the stems terete, twining. Leaves opposite, membranaceous, generally oblong, sometimes oblong-ovate, rather pale and shining when dry, the apex acute to acutely acuminate, base rounded to subtruncate, the lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, curved, distant, rather distinct; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Cymes ax- illary, few-flowered, their peduncles 5 to 7 cm long. Flowers 5 to 7 cm long, white or yellowish-white and purplish, the pedicels 2 to 3 cm in length. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, 3 mm long. Corolla-tube pubescent within, somewhat inflated at the base, then constricted, somewhat curved, again inflated above the constriction, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 cm long, cohering by their apices. Follicles slender, terete, about 25 cm long, curved. BRITISH NorRTH BorNEo, Khota Balud to Kibayo, trail to Mount Kinabalu, Mrs. Clemens 9810 (type), Topping 1490, October 28, 1915, in thickets along the trail. The genus Ceropegia is poorly represented in Malaya, this being the first one to be reported from Borneo. The flowers are much larger than are those of the Philippine Ceropegia cumingiana Decne. or of the Javan C. curviflora Hassk. RUBIACEAE XANTHOPHYTUM Blume XANTHOPHYTUM INVOLUCRATUM sp. nov. Frutex erectus, foliis junioribus subtus dense adpresse sub- ferrugineo-pilosus ; foliis chartaceis vel submembranaceis, oblong- is ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, utrinque acu- minatis, longe petiolatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, perspicuis; stipulis latissime ovatis, acuminatis, usque ad 1.8 cm longis; in- florescentiis subcapitatis, axillaribus, pedunculatis, bracteis brac- teolisque magnis numerosis involucriformibus instructis. An erect shrub, the younger leaves densely appressed pilose beneath, the indumentum subferruginous, shining, the sparse in- dumentum on the older parts ferruginous to castaneous, the branches and branchlets somewhat 4-angled. Leaves chartaceous to submembranaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, 13 to 18 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acuminate base and apex, olivaceous, the upper surface smooth, glabrous, the lower somewhat pubescent on the midrib, nerves, and reticula- 122 The Philippine Journal of Science. ° 4918 tions; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, distinct, dark-brown in contrast to the paler surface; petioles 3 to 6 cm long; stipules very broadly ovate, subpersistent, up to 1.8 cm long and 1.4 cm wide, striate. Inflorescences axillary, solitary, peduncled, subcapitate, in fruit up to 1.5 em in diameter without the bracts, the peduncles about 1.5 cm long; bracts subtending the heads ovate, up to 15 mm long and 10 mm wide, somewhat pubescent, the bracteoles in general elliptic, up to 5 mm long and 2.5 mm wide. . Fruits subglobose, about 3 mm in diameter, somewhat ferruginous- or castaneous-hirsute, their pedicels up to 3 mm in length. SaRAWAK, Sadong, Mount Merinjak, Native collector 2591 Bur. Sci., February-June, 1914. This species, not radically different from Xanthophytum fruticulosum Blume in vegetative characters, is well characterized by its large stipules and its peduncled, solitary, subcapitate, involucrate inflorescences. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BOTANY Vou. XIII MAY, 1918 No. 3 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF LOH FAU MOUNTAIN, KWANGTUNG PROVINCE, CHINA By E. D. MERRILL’ (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila) In 1916 I spent the period from October 13 to November 9 in prosecuting field work in botany in Kwangtung Province, working chiefly in the immediate vicinity of Canton, with a few days’ trip to Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan). The trip was made possible through the interest of Doctor Walter T. Swingle, of the United States Department of Agriculture, and one of its objects was to encourage the authorities at the Canton Christian College to undertake the formation of a local herbarium and to initiate some work in a botanical exploration of Kwangtung Province in connection with the course in agriculture that was being developed in that institution. The idea of developing botanical work in the Canton Christian College was encouraged for the reason that through such work we could reasonably expect to secure in the future not only botanical material from the less-explored parts of Kwangtung Province, but also seeds and living plants of valuable economic species. ~ Mr. G. Weidman Groff, of the Canton Christian College, was deeply interested in the project but, on account of his pending departure for the United States on leave, the matter of develop- ing the work devolved on Mr. C. O. Levine, who had recently accepted an appointment in the college. With such information as I could impart to Mr. Levine in the short time that I was in Canton as a basis for the work, he took up the project with great enthusiasm, and as one result has had collected and sub- * Professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 155552 : 123 — 124 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 mitted to me for identification more than 1,800 numbers of plants in slightly more than one year. The local herbarium established as a result of my visit is rapidly expanding and bids fair to prove a most valuable adjunct to the work of the college. Through the continued interest of Doctor Swingle it was possible for me to repeat the trip in 1917, utilizing for the purpose my annual leave, as I had done in 1916. As a result of the two trips I have been able to spend the periods from October 13 to November 9, and from August 9 to August 27 in prosecuting field work in botany in Kwangtung Province. The work has resulted not only in the accumulation of consider- able collections of botanical material, but the collections have yielded representatives of about seventy-five species not pre- viously recorded from Kwangtung Province, including about thirty that are presumably new to science. In a previous paper based on collections made by me in 1916 I recorded about twenty-three species as new to the Kwangtung flora, describing six as new. The present paper is in the nature of a continuation of the first one, but is based chiefly on the collections made by me on Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), August 9 to 27, 1917, supplemented by material secured by Mr. Levine in the same locality and collected at the same time, and includes some material secured by Mr. Levine at other localities in Kwangtung Province. Loh Fau Mountain was selected as the base for field work not only because it is one of the highest mountains in Kwangtung Province, and because a botanical exploration of the region pro- mised to yield considerable of interest, but also because of the fact that various American and European residents of Canton ‘had established there a summer camp. By utilizing the facilities provided by this camp, the matter of prosecuting field work was greatly simplified. Moreover, the location of the camp at an altitude of approximately 1,000 meters rendered it possible for us to explore the more interesting floristic regions, which are located chiefly in the deep forested ravines at higher altitudes, with a minimum loss of time and effort. Most of our field work was prosecuted on the upper parts of the mountain, but trips were made to the base at So Liu Koon and at Wa Shau T’oi, as in the vicinity of the monasteries at these two places con- siderable low-altitude forested areas still exist. In the period from August 9, the date of our arrival at the camp, to August * Merrill, E. D., Notes on the flora of Kwangtung Province, China, Philip. Journ. Sci. 12 (1917) Bot. 99-116, XII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 125 28, the date of our departure on the return trip to Canton, I made a collection aggregating 544 numbers, independent of the extensive collections made by Mr. Levine in the same period. Among the results of eighteen days’ actual field work has been the accrediting of representatives of the following genera to the Kwangtung flora, none of them having previously been recorded from that Province: Coniogramme, Hypolepis, Botrych- ium, Polytoca, Agrostis, Herminium, Skimmia, Tristylium, Epilo- bium, and Brandisia; the list may be increased by the addition of Alnus, of which sterile specimens, not in condition for further _ identification, were secured. A total of fifty-three species is here recorded from Kwangtung Province for the first time, including twenty-four that I have described as new. The results secured indicate, as might be expected, that al- though about 2,575 different species of Pteridophyta and Sperma- tophyta are now known from Kwangtung Province, extensive additions to the known flora are to be expected as the result of intensive field work in any of the lesser known areas, es- pecially in the mountainous regions. Loh Fau Mountain is in- dicated by Messrs. Dunn and Tutcher * as one of the areas that is botanically explored, yet the short period that I was able to utilize in field work there in 1917, and the few days spent there in the previous year, have yielded material on which a relatively large number of species have been recorded as additions to the known flora of the province. A glance at the map accompany- ing their publication will at once reveal the fact that the greater part of Kwangtung Province has scarcely been visited, much less explored, by any botanist or collector. The work carried on by Mr. Levine so far, chiefly at low altitudes in the immediate vicinity of Canton, and in a region well-known botanically, con- tinues to yield additions to the known flora. While it is true that continued field work in Kwangtung Province will yield mate- rial that will to a large degree duplicate collections already made, still such collections are necessary to give us an adequate con- ception of the characters of the flora, the range of the species, their relative abundance, their range of variation, their native names, and their economic uses. Southern China may justly be classed with those parts of the world that are very inadequately explored, and it will take intensive work over a period of many years before we are in a position properly to judge the extent of its flora. At the present time we can hardly state that more than a good start has been made in this direction. It is scarcely ‘Fl, Kwangtung and Hongkong, Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 1-370. 126 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 to be expected that the Chinese themselves have the necessary interest and training to accomplish much in working up the botany of China, and for the present, at least, such work as is done must of necessity be largely accomplished by the foreign residents. The local resident who has an interest in the study F of the natural sciences is as a rule infinitely better located to : secure productive results than is the casual visitor or explorer who has but a limited amount of time to devote to field work; here as in other subtropical and tropical countries field work must be carried on in all months of the year, and in this respect the local resident always has the advantage of position. It is greatly to be desired that the botanical work on the flora of Kwangtung be continued and that botanical exploration be extended to the more remote and inaccessible parts of the province. POLYPODIACEAE ed ATHYRIUM Roth i ATHYRIUM WICHURAE (Mett.) comb. nov. Asplenium wichurae Mett. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1866) 237. Diplazium wichurae Diels in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1* (1899) 226. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10988, Levine 1481, August 16, 1917, on damp shaded banks in deep ravines, altitude 1,000 to 1,100 meters. : This species, previously known from Japan, China, and Formosa, has not before been reported from Kwangtung Province. Except in its creep- ing rhizomes it closely resembles Athyrium bulbiferum (Brack.) (Dipla- zium bulbiferum Brack.; Athyrium pinnatum. Copel., non Allantodia pinnata Blanco). I follow Copeland in treating Diplazium as congeneric with Athyrium, as in examining a large series of specimens it becomes evident that the two genera cannot be retained as distinct on account of the very numerous intermediate forms; it is sufficiently difficult always to distinguish between Athyriwm and Asplenium, yet the number of inter- grades between the latter are few in comparison with those between Athyrium and Diplazium. : The synonymy of the following Formosan species is here adjusted: A (0° ATHYRIUM TENUISSIMUM (Hayata) comb. nov. Nephrolepis tenuissima Hayata Ic. Pl. Form. 4 (1914) 202, f. 137. Athyrium obtusifolium Rosenst. in Hedwigia 56 (1915) 335. Formosa, Arisan, Ito 66, October, 1910, Faurie 364, May, 1914 (cotype of Athyrium obtusifolium Rosenst.). This species is manifestly an Athyrium with dryopteroid sori and is closely allied to Athyrium macrocarpum (Blume) Milde. The Species as described by Hayata (Nephrolepis tenuissima Hayata) is identical with Athyrium obtusifolium Rosenst., but Hayata’s name being the older is here XIII, ©, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 127 adopted under its proper genus; Hayata’s type was also from Arisan. It may be mentioned here that Lycopodium fauriei Rosenst. (1915) is identical with Lycopodium tereticaule Hayata (1914). CONIOGRAMME Fée CONIOGRAMME FRAXINEA (Don) Diels in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflan- zenfam,. 1* (1899) 262. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10866, Levine 1485, August 25, 1917, in thickets, slopes of damp shaded ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters; abundant locally. Japan to Madagascar, tropical Australia, and Polynesia; not previously recorded from Kwangtung Province. HYPOLEPIS Bernhardi HYPOLEPIS PUNCTATA (Thunb.) Mett. in Kuhn Fil. Afr. (1868) 120. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Levine 1466, August 15, 1917, scattered in damp forested ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters. This widely distributed species does not appear to be recorded from Kwangtung Province; it is placed by C. Christensen in the genus Dryopteris, as D. punctata (Thunb.) C. Chr. LOXOGRAMME Presl LOXOGRAMME FAURIE!I Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 45, t. 1, fir di Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10341, 10740, October 28, 1916, August 18, 1917, on wet cliffs and boulders in damp shaded ravines, altitude 1,000 to 1,050 meters. This form is probably included by Dunn & Tutcher in Gymnogramme lanceolata Hook.—Loxogramme lanceolata (Sw.) Presl, a species of the Mascarene Islands and one that does not extend to China. For the Indo- Malayan form commonly identified as Loxogramme lanceolata, Copeland has proposed the name Loxogramme malayana Copel. The Kwangtung specimens have distinctly long-stipitate fronds and certainly represent the Formosan species described by Copeland as Loxogramme fauriei, and are not referable to Loxogramme malayana Copel. Loxogramme linearis Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 45, t. 2, f. 8 is identical with Loxogramme remote-frondigerum Hayata Ic. PI. Formos. 5 (1915) 323 (Polypodium remote-frondigerum Hayata l. c. f. 135, A-B) and should be reduced to the latter. PLAGIOGYRIA Mettenius PLAGIOGYRIA CHRISTI! Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 153. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10669, August 17, 1917, in damp shaded ravines along small streams, altitude about 1,100 meters; rare. The specimen is an excellent match for the type of Copeland’s species, the pinnae being rather more distant than in the Philippine specimens. 128 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Previously known only from the mountains of Mindoro and Mindanao in the Philippines. PLAGIOGYRIA ADNATA (Blume) Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1865) t. 51. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11114, August 12, 1917, in damp shaded ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters. The specimens have distinctly 4-angled stipes and conform well with Malayan and Philippine specimens of this species. From Copeland’s de- scription it cannot be the same as Plagiogyria tenuifolia Copel. (Lomaria matthewti Christ), the only representative of the genus previously reported from Kwangtung Province. POLYPODIUM Linnaeus POLYPODIUM OLIGOLEPIDUM Baker in Gard. Chron. II 14 (1880) 494; Takeda in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 8 (1915) 276, cum descr.! Polypodium kawakamii Hayata in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23 (1909) 77, Ie. Pl. Formos. 5 (1915) 318, f. 130. Polypodium arisanense Rosenst. in Hedwigia 56 (1915) 347. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10221, 10684, Levine 1486, October, 1916, and August, 1917, on ledges and boulders in damp shaded ravines, altitude 900 to 1,050 meters. This form was included by Dunn and Tutcher in Polypodium lineare Thunb., and has been indicated by Christ as a variety of Thunberg’s species; it is certainly distinct from Polypodium lineare Thunb. The Kwangtung specimens agree perfectly with the original description of Hayata’s species, with his additional data and figure, and with Formosan specimens from Arisan, Kawakami!, Shimada & Ito 19!, Faurie 472!, the latter a cotype of Polypodium arisanense Rosenst. POLYPODIUM HANCOCKI! Baker in Journ, Bot. 23 (1885) 106, Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10956, August 24, 1917, on forested slopes of damp ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters; very rare, but three specimens seen. This species has previously been reported only from Formosa, the Kwang- tung specimens agreeing with the description and with Formosan material. I do not agree with Takeda’s disposition of the species, who places it as a synonym of Polypodium pteropus Blume. PTERIS Linnaeus PTERIS FAURIEI Hieron. in Hedwigia 55 (1914) 345, Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 101 58, 10664, October, 1916, and August, 1917, on talus slopes in damp ravines, altitude 900 to 1,050 meters; Teng Woo Mountain, Levine & Groff 50, November 18, 1916. This species is one of the numerous ones segregated by Hieronymus from the collective Pteris quadriaurita Retz., and was probably included by Dunn & Tutcher in Pteris biaurita Linn., from which it is very distinct. Hierony- mus based his species on material from Formosa, Oshima, and Amoy. XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 129 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE BOTRYCHIUM Swartz BOTRYCHIUM TERNATUM (Thunb.) Sw. in Schrad, Journ. 1800 : (1801) 111. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan) Merrill 11018, August 16, 1917, in meadows in front of the ruined monastery at Put Wan Tsz, altitude about 1,100 meters; very rare. Japan to the Himalayan region; no representative of the genus has been previously reported from Kwangtung Province. GRAMINEAE ANDROPOGON Linnaeus ANDROPOGON FRAGILIS R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 202. Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1145, August 30, 1917. This is the typical form of the species and conforms entirely with Banks and Solander’s specimen, on which the species was based, a fragment of which has been kindly communicated to me by Mr. J. H. Maiden, director of the Botanic Garden, Sydney. —_ Var. SINENSIS Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. 36 (1904) 872. Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1140, August 28, 1917. This form, which I at first considered to represent a distinct species, approximates the type in all characters except in the sessile spikelet being densely villous on the back in the lower one-half, the first glume of the empty spikelet being glabrous in the type. The Philippine material referred to Andropogon fragilis R. Br., with the exception of a single specimen, and New Guinea material collected by King, differs from the type not only in its smaller spikelets but also in having the rachis-joints and pedicels of the sterile spikelets entirely glabrous, and will have to be distinguished at least as a variety. POLYTOCA R. Brown POLYTOCA HETEROCLITA (Roxb.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 288. : Coix heteroclita Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 572. ; Polytoca bracteata R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. (1888) 20, t. 5. Kwangtung Province, Wa Shau T’oi, at the base of Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10887, Levine 1571, August 20, 1917, on open grassy slopes, altitude about 140 meters. India to Burma, Tonkin, Java, and Mindanao; no representative of the genus has hitherto been reported from China. PASPALUM Linnaeus PASPALUM LONGIFOLIUM Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 283. Kwangtung Province, Wa Shau T’oi, at the base of Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10792, August 20, 1917, on open grassy slopes, altitude about 150 meters. 130 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 This form has usually four spikes, with the spikelets in several rows on each partial inflorescence. It is unquestionably referable to Roxburgh’s species as currently interpreted. India to Malaya, but not previously re- ported from China. OPLISMENUS Beauvois OPLISMENUS UNDULATIFOLIUS (Ard.) Beauv. Agrost. (1812) -54. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10841, August 24, 1917, on ledges along streams in deep ravines, altitude about 900 meters. This species, which extends from southern Europe to Japan southward to tropical Africa and Australia, has not previously been reported from southern China. GARNOTIA Brongniart GARNOTIA STRICTA Brongn. Bot. Duperry’s Voy. (1829) 133, ¢. 21. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10313, 11080, October, 1916, and August, 1917, on ledges in torrent beds, altitude about 1,000 meters. the specimens come well within the range of variation of this widely distributed species as interpreted by Hooker f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 243. It has not previously been reported from China. : GARNOTIA BARBULATA (Nees) comb. nov. Miquelia barbulata Nees in Nov. Act. Acad. N at. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1:178. Garnotia patula Munro ex Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 416. Berghausia patula Munro in Proc. Amer. Acad. 4 (1860) 262. Kwangtung Province, Teng Woo Mountain, Levine & Groff 68, November 18, 1916. . This species, for which the oldest specific name is here adopted, is known only from southern China. GARNOTIA CILIATA sp. nov. Herba annua, 25 ad 40 cm alta, vaginis et foliis et spiculis perspicue longe molliter ciliatis; culmis erectis e basi decumben- tis, 1 ad 1.5 mm diametro, glabris, nodis leviter ciliato-barbatis; foliis flaccidis, anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis et 9 mm latis, planis, acuminatis, utrinque parce sed molliter et perspicue ciliatis; inflorescentiis usque ad 13 em longis, ramis strictis (junioribus), inferioribus usque ad 6 cm longis; spiculis lanceolatis, acuminatis, glumis vacuis aequalibus, anguste lanceo- latis, tenuiter acuminatis, 3-nerviis, parce ciliatis, gluma fertilis obscurissime 1-nervia, 5 mm longa, apice tenuiter aristata. An erect, simple, annual grass, 25-to 40 em high, the culms decumbent at the base and sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, gregarious but scarcely caespitose, the culms glabrous, 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, the nodes sparingly bearded with few, long, a . XII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 131 soft hairs. Leaves flaccid, plane, narrowly lanceolate, 8 to 11 em long, 5 to 8 mm wide, acuminate, conspicuously ciliate on both surfaces with scattered, soft, spreading, 2 to 3 mm long hairs usually from papillate bases; sheaths with hairs similar to those on the leaves, longer than the internodes, the upper ones somewhat inflated; ligules less than 0.5 mm. long, densely and minutely ciliate. Panicles up to 13 cm in length, when young more or less inclosed in the uppermost sheath, the branches strict, ascending, the lower ones up to 6 cm in length. Spikelets narrowly lanceolate, about 6 mm long, usually one sessile and one pedicelled at each node, the rachis and branchlets angular, scabrid. Empty glumes two, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 6 mm long and about 1 mm wide, 3-nerved, very slenderly acumi- nate, sparingly ciliate with long, soft hairs. Flowering glume hyaline, lanceolate, 5 mm long, very faintly 1-nerved, slightly cleft at the apex, the awn slender, straight when wet, sometimes slightly bent when dry, up to 1 cm in length. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10701, August 25, 1917, on thin earth over boulders along streams, altitude 900 to 1,000 meters. This species is somewhat allied to Garnotia stricta Brongn. but is readily distinguished by its prominently ciliate leaves, sheaths, and more sparingly ciliate empty glumes, the hairs being very slender, white or pale, spreading, 2 to 3 mm in length, and usually from papillate bases. It occurs only in a very special habitat, on thin soil associated with mosses covering large boulders and ledges which are not subject to overflow in times of flood. It must be a short-lived plant, as on August 25, 1917, it was conspicuous on boulders at our camp site, the plants a few days previous to this date presenting no inflorescences; in October, 1916, the old dried remains of the same species was observed in the same locality, but no specimens were then prepared as the spikelets had all fallen and the plants were all withered and dry. AGROSTIS Linnaeus AGROSTIS ELMERI Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 7. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10924, August 16, 1917, in the wet sandy bottoms of drained pools, altitude about 1,000 meters; a few plants observed in a single restricted area. The genus is new to Kwangtung Province, and I can see no reason for considering the specimen cited above as representing other than a rather slender form of Agrostis elmeri Merr., a species previously known only from the higher mountains of the Philippines. The spikelets are distinctly jointed below the empty glumes, but Mr. Hitchcock, of the United States Department of Agriculture, calls my attention to the fact that this character is not uncommon in Agrostis, occurring even in the common Agrostis alba Linn. The spikelets of this form are but about one-half as large as are those of Agrostis hugoniana Rendle, to which Agrostis elmeri Merr. is apparently allied. aNd 132 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 CYPERACEAE | KYLLINGA Rottboell KYLLINGA ODORATA Vahl, var. CYLINDRICA (Nees) Kiikenth. ex Mer. in Journ. Str. Branch Roy. As. Soc. 76 (1917) 80. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10655, Levine 1395, August 16 and 25, 1917, scattered on open grassy slopes, altitude 1,100 meters. This form, which is widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World, has previously been reported from China only from Yunnan Province. ELEOCHARIS R. Brown ELEOCHARIS TETRAQUETRA Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834) 113, Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), at Wa Shau T’oi, Merrill 10809, Levine 1410, August 20, 1917, among grasses in swampy places, altitude about 150 meters. This species, which extends from India to Japan southward to tropical Australia, has been reported from several parts of China, but not previously from Kwangtung Province. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl FIMBRISTYLIS HOOKERIANA Boeck. in Linnaea 37 (1871) 22; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit, Ind. 6 (1893) 641. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10750, August 12, 1917, on thin soil over boulders and ledges on open slopes, altitude about 1,100 meters. The same species is represented by Levine 1202, from Chat Sing Kong, Honam Island, near Canton. India and Cochinchina (Pierre!) ; not previously reported from China. FIMBRISTYLIS ANNUA (All) R. & S. Syst. 2 (1817) 95, var. TOMEN- TOSA (Vahl) Kiikenthal in herb. Honam Island, on the grounds of the Canton Christian College, Levine 1185, July 25, 1917. This pubescent form of Fimbristylis annua R. & S. (F. diphylla Vahl) | agrees with Philippine material determined by Kiikenthal as the above variety. CAREX Linnaeus CAREX BAMBUSETORUM sp. nov, § Mitratae, Eumitratae. Species C. rhynchachaenio affinis, differt scapis longioribus, utriculis minoribus, glabris, acheniis multo minoribus, 2 mm longis. Rather densely tufted, the base clothed with the filiform rem- nants of old sheaths. Leaves plane, scabrid, numerous, 20 to 30 cm long, 3 to 4.5 mm wide, pale, shining, tapering upward to the long and slenderly acuminate apex. Scapes slender, about 13 cm long, each bearing about three pistillate spikelets and a terminal staminate one, the bracts slender, 12 to 22 mm long, sheathing in the lower 4 to 9 mm. Pistillate spikelets 1 to 1.4 em long, lax, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, their pedicels slender, at a XII, ©, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 133 least 1 em long, the glumes ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, slen- derly acuminate by the excurrent midrib, pale, 2 to 3 mm long. Utricles about 3 mm long, prominently ribbed, glabrous or nearly so, somewhat flask-shaped, prominently beaked. Achenes 3- angled, 2 mm long, rather prominently beaked, narrowed below and above, the beak thick, cylindric, truncate, about 0.3 mm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10985, August 12, 1917, on dry banks in ravines, in dense bamboo thickets, altitude about 1,000 meters; very rare. I was at first disposed to refer this to Carex rhynchachaenium Clarke, of Luzon, which it closely resembles and to which it is closely allied. It differs constantly from our full series of Philippine specimens in the characters indicated in the diagnosis and is, I believe, specifically distinct. CAREX DONIANA Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826) 825. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10971, Levine 1494, August 13, 1917, in swampy places in the shade of coarse grasses and sedges, altitude about 1,050 meters; rare. Although the spikelets are at most 1.5 cm long, I believe that this form is referable to Sprengel’s species, which extends from India to Japan. Kiikenthal does not recognize this form as specifically distinct, but treats it as a variety of Carex japonica Thunb. CAREX TEINOGYNA Boott Illustr. Carex 1 (1858) 60, t. 158; Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38 (1909) 602, f. 102 F-H. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10178, October 28, 1916, on moss-covered boulders in shaded stream beds in ravines, locally very abundant, altitude about 1,100 meters. The specimen cited above was referred by me to the allied Carex brunnea Thunb., but Mr. Tutcher has called my attention to the fact that it is not the same as Thunberg’s species and suggested its identity with Boott’s species. I have not seen the original description, but the specimen conforms with Kiikenthal’s description and figure, and with Khasia specimens col- lected by C. B. Clarke. The species occurs in India, with a variety in Japan, but has not previously been reported from China. The plants were very abundant and conspicuous in October, 1916, but none were in evidence as late as August 27 the following year; they probably develop very rapidly after the close of the rainy season. ARACEAE AGLAONEMA Schott AGLAONEMA MODESTUM Schott ex Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. 2 (1879) 442, Pflanzenreich 64 (1915) 29, f. 18, Arac. Exsic. no. 74, 258. Aglaonema acutispathum N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. 24 (1885) 39. Kwangtung Province, near Canton, Levine 1167, May 1, 1917. The specimen is of considerable interest from the standpoint of the history of this species. It agrees perfectly with the descriptions and figures of Schott’s species. The type (Gaudichaud) was supposed to have been collected in Luzon, but although the regions that Gaudichaud visited in the Archipelago are now all thoroughly well known botanically, this species 134 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 has never been detected; the probabilities are very great that Gaudichaud’s specimen came from Macao, where he also botanized, and not from the Philippines. Doctor Gagnepain informs me that he was unable to locate Gaudichaud’s specimen in the Paris herbarium. It is to be noted that in the original description of the species Engler states “patria ignota.” The type of Aglaonema acutispathum N. E. Br. was a specimen purchased in Hongkong by Dr. Knaggs, and was thought to have come from the vicinity of Canton; however, Brown” states that there is another specimen in the Kew Herbarium labelled as having been brought from Shanghai by Dr. Knaggs; he also states that it was cultivated in southern China, the basis of this being Hance 11459. At any rate, the species must now definitely be credited to Kwangtung Province, at least as a cultivated plant, and excluded from the Philippine list. DIOSCOREACEAE DIOSCOREA Linnaeus DIOSCOREA PENTAPHYLLA Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 1032. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), at Wa Shau T’oi, Merrill 10886, August 20, 1917, in thickets, altitude about 160 meters; a sterile specimen; White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1687, September, 1917. This species is widely distributed in tropical Asia and Malaya but has not previously been reported from Kwangtung Province. LILIACEAE /) PELIOSANTHES Andrews PELIOSANTHES STENOPHYLLA sp. nov. ‘Foliis numerosissimis, anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 27 cm longis, 5 ad 10 mm latis, utrinque attenuatis, nervis 7 vel 9, nervulis transversalibus obsoletis; inflorescentiis usque ad 15 cm longis, floribus cernuis, pallide purpureis, circiter 7 mm longis, pedicellis binis vel trinis, 10 ad 12 mm longis, articulatis ; bracteis scariosis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, inferioribus usque ad 2 cm longis, superioribus minoribus. Rootstock 5 mm in diameter or less, woody, covered with the scarious basal portions of old leaves. Leaves numerous, up to 30 or more on each plant, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceo- late, chartaceous, attenuate at both ends, the blades 18 to 27 cm long, 5 to 10 mm wide, acuminate, sometimes slightly falcate, the longitudinal veins 7 or 9, the transverse veinlets obsolete, the very young leaves with broad, pale, scarious, deciduous margins, these scarious margins more or less persistent on the lower parts of the petioles and imbricately surrounding the short stem, the petioles up to 7 cm in length. Scapes solitary, erect, rather many-flowered, up to 15 cm in length, the flowers “Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36 (1908) 185. XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 185 pale-purple, nodding, somewhat campanulate, fascicled, usually two or three from the axil of each bract, their pedicels slender, 10 to 12 mm long, jointed in the middle, the bracts scarious, lanceolate, acuminate, the lower ones up to 2 cm in length, the upper ones gradually shorter. Perianth-segments lanceolate, acuminate, about 6 mm long, 2 to 2.5 mm wide. Anthers about 3 mm long, subsessile. Ovules 2 in each cell. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10757 (type), Levine 1613, August 16, 1917, widely scattered in damp shaded ravines, altitude 900 to 1,000 meters. This species is well characterized by its very numerous and unusually narrow leaves, differing from all of the described species in the latter character. It is entirely different from the only other species known from Kwangtung Province, Peliosanthes macrostegia Hance, the type of which -was also from Loh Fau Mountain. ORCHIDACEAE HERMINIUM Linnaeus HERMINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Lindl.) Benth, ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 (1890) 129. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11121, Levine 1479, August 15, 1917, widely scattered on open grassy slopes, altitude 100 to 1,150 meters. This genus has not previously been reported from Kwangtung Province. ; The species extends from India to China and Formosa, the Philippines, Java, and Timor. PIPERACEAE PEPEROMIA Ruiz & Pavon PEPEROMIA REFLEXA A, Dietr. Sp. Pl. 1 (1831) 180, forma CAPENSIS Mig. Syst. Pip. (1848) 169. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10846, August 24, 1917, on ledges among mosses in damp ravines, altitude about 900 meters. , Peperomia refleca A. Dietr. has previously been reported from China, but not from Kwangtung Province; it is widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. MORACEAE FICUS Linnaeus a? ricus RECTINERVIA sp. nov. § Eusyce, Frutex ut videtur parvus, ramulis junioribus hirsutis, ramis ramulisque cicatricibus multis notatis, internodiis brevissimis; foliis brevissime petiolatis, subcoriaceis, lanceolatis ad lineari- lanceolatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, glabris, laevis, nitidis, integris, apice tenuiter acuminatis, basi obtusis et minute cordatis, mar- gine revolutis, nervis utrinque circiter 20, patulis, rectis, dis- 136 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 tinctis; receptaculis ovoideis ad leviter obovoideis, glabris, usque ad 15 mm longis, tenuiter pedunculatis. An erect shrub, apparently of small size, glabrous except the distinctly hirsute branchlets. Branches and branchlets dark reddish-brown, rugose, marked with numerous, rather densely arranged, petiolar scars, the internodes very short. Leaves lan- ceolate to linear-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, smooth, shining, oliva- ceous, brownish or somewhat greenish when dry, the lower surface paler than the upper and distinctly puncticulate, the apex slenderly acuminate, base obtuse and distinctly although minutely cordate, the margins recurved; lateral nerves spreading at nearly right angles from the midrib, about 20 on each side, straight, distinct, anastomosing directly with the somewhat arched, longitudinal, submarginal nerves; petioles pubescent, 2 to 3 mm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, up to 4 mm in length. Receptacles few, axillary, ovoid to somewhat obovoid, about 15 mm long, somewhat narrowed below into a short pseudo- stalk above the bracts, glabrous, the peduncles up to 12 mm in length, sparingly pubescent, the three bracts at the apex of the peduncle broadly triangular-ovate, acute, about 1 mm long. Staminate flowers numerous but only in the upper part of the receptacle, their pedicels 1 to 3 mm in length, the perianth- segments 3, lanceolate, acuminate, brown, about 1 mm long. Stamens 2, rarely 3, the anthers as long as the perianth-segments. Gall flowers very numerous, their perianth-segments lanceolate, acuminate, brown, 2 mm long. Ovary ovoid to obovoid, 1.2 mm in diameter ; style very short. Fertile female flowers not seen. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Levine 331, Feb- ruary 18, 1916, with no further data. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Ficus pyriformis Hook. & Arn., and F. stenophylla Hemsl., being much closer to the latter than to the former. It may be distinguished from Hemsley’s species by its larger, longer-peduncled receptacles, and its very differently nerved leaves, which are distinctly but minutely cordate at the base ; the distinct lateral nerves are much more numerous than in Ficus stenophylla Hemsl. and leave the midrib at nearly right angles. URTICACEAE of? PILEA Lindley \ '” PILEA SWINGLEI sp. nov. Planta dioica, erecta, simplex vel parce ramosa, glabra, circiter 20 cm alta; foliis in paribus leviter inaequalibus, membranaceis, ovatis, usque ad 4 cm longis, basi rotundatis, 3-nerviis, apice acutis vel leviter acuminatis, margine grosse serratis, dentibus XII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 137 utrinque circiter 6, utrinque cystolithis linearibus irregulariter dispositis instructis; inflorescentiis 9 axillaribus, tenuibus, pe- tiolo subaequantibus, floribus in capitulis paucis. distantibus 2 ad 5 mm diametro dispositis. An erect, simple or sparingly branched, pisses, glabrous, dioecious herb about 20 cm high, the stipules, if any, caducous. Stems weak when dry, slender. Leaves opposite, those of each pair slightly unequal, ovate, membranaceous, greenish-olivaceous, shining, 2.5 to 4 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide, base rounded, 8-nerved, apex acute or somewhat acuminate, margins coarsely serrate, about 6 prominent teeth on each side, the lateral nerves reaching to about the upper three-fourths of the leaf, both sur- faces with numerous, linear, irregularly disposed cystoliths; pe- tioles slender, 1 to 2.5 cm long, that of the smaller leaf shorter than the one of the larger leaf in each pair. Pistillate inflores- cences axillary, slender, about as long as the petioles, each bear- ing one or two, rarely three, heads of flowers and fruits 2 to 5 mm in diameter, the flowers not at all scorpoid in arrangement. Pedicels about 1 mm long. Large perianth segment about 1 mm long, the other two minute. Achene subelliptic, compressed, subacute, about 0.8 mm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11036 (type), 10771, Levine 1806, at the bases of very wet cliffs in damp shaded ravines, and under overhanging boulders on open slopes, altitude 900 to 1,100 meters, August 12 to 17, 1917. This species somewhat resembles some forms of Pilea pumila A. Gray, but differs totally from that species in its entirely different, non-scorpoid inflorescences. The capitate arrangement of the flowers is characteristic. LAURACEAE NEOLITSEA Merrill NEOLITSEA PULCHELLA (Meissn.) comb. nov. Litsea pulchella Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 157 (1864) 224. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10289, in flower, October 28, 1916, Merrill 10840, Levine 1319, in fruit, August 23, 1917, in damp forested ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters. The type of Meissner’s species was from Hongkong, and from his description it is evident that he saw no staminate flowers. In our material the fertile stamens are six in number, and accordingly the species is ce transferred to Neolitsea. )\/ NEOLITSEA SUBCAUDATA sp. nov. ’ Arbor circiter 5 m alta, glabra; foliis alternis, chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, oblongis ad lanceolatis, nitidis, apice tenuiter sub- caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, 3-nervis, utrinque nec profunde 4ao¥ rf 188 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 sed dense subfoveolatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, subtus pallidis vel glaucescentibus; fructibus axillaribus, fasciculatis, pedicellatis, subellipsoideis, circiter 8 mm longis. A tree about 5 m high, entirely glabrous except the imbricate axillary bud-scales (flowers not seen). Branches and branchlets terete, slender, brownish to nearly black when dry. Leaves alter- nate, not at all pseudo-verticillate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong to lanceolate, 5.5 to 9 cm long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide, pale to olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower surface usually glau- cous, both surfaces densely and shallowly subfoveolate, the base acute, prominently 3-nerved, not at all 3-plinerved, the lateral nerves extending nearly to the tip, the apex slenderly subcau- date-acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long; petioles 1 cm long or less. Flowers not seen. .Fruits axillary, fascicled, numerous, their pedicels somewhat thickened upward, up to 1 cm in length, the immature fruits subellipsoid, about 8 mm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11016 (type), Levine 1351, widely scattered in damp forested ravines, altitude 800 to 1,100 meters. This species is well characterized by its alternate, shallowly and densely foveolate, 3-nerved (not 3-plinerved), subcaudate-acuminate leaves, which are glaucous on the lower surface. In aspect it somewhat resembles Neolitsea pulchella Merr. but is distinguished by being entirely glabrous (except the pubescent bud-scales), in its 3-nerved, not 8-plinerved, sub- caudate-acuminate leaves, and in their strictly alternate, not pseudo- verticillate, arrangement. NEOLITSEA ? LEVINEI sp. nov. Arbor circiter 6 m alta, ramulis et petiolis dense brunneo- pubescentibus; foliis verticillatis, coriaceis, oblongo-lanceolatis ad oblongo-oblanceolatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, nitidis, basi acutis, perspicue 3-plinerviis, nervis primariis supra basin utrin- que 1, prominentibus, apice perspicue acuminatis, supra laevis, nitidis, subtus albido-glaucescentibus; fructibus e axillis defolia- tis, racemose dispositis, ellipsoideis, circiter 1.5 cm longis. A tree about 6 m high, glabrous or nearly so except for the densely brown-pubescent branchlets and petioles, the branches and branchlets terete. Leaves verticillately crowded at the tips of the branchlets, 4 or 5 in a whorl, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 15 to 20 em long, 4.5 to 7 em wide, base acute, prominently 3-plinerved, the lateral nerves leaving the midrib about 1 cm above the base, arched-anastomosing with the other pair of lateral nerves in the upper three-fourths of the leaf, the only other pair of lateral nerves leaving the midrib in the upper two-thirds to three-fourths, the reticulations lax, 0 XIIL ©, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 189 subparallel, prominent, the apex prominently acuminate, the up- per surface smooth, glabrous, shining, pale-greenish to brownish- olivaceous, the lower white-glaucescent in contrast to the brown midrib, nerves, and reticulations; petioles about 1.5 cm long. Infructescences lateral, 4 cm long or less, sparingly pubescent, the rachis rugose, 1 to 1.5 cm long, the fruits racemosely dis- posed, their pedicels somewhat thickened, about 1 cm long. Fruits ellipsoid, somewhat rugose, about 1.5 cm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11071 (type), Levine 1332, August 24, 1917, in damp forested ravines, altitude 800 to 1,000 meters. I am by no means certain that this species belongs in the genus Neolitsea, a point that can definitely be determined only when flowers are available. It approaches Neolitsea in the verticillate arrangement of its leaves and in their being prominently 3-plinerved, but this character is found in other allied genera that are distinguished otherwise only by certain floral characters. The leaves are unusually large for Neolitsea, and the species may ultimately be found to belong in Lindera or in Actinodaphne. ROSACEAE RUBUS Linnaeus 4 RUBUS BUERGERI Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 86; Focke yy 4 in Bibl. Bot. 7 (1910) 114, f. 58. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill s. n. August, 1917, on open grassy slopes about boulders, altitude about 900 meters. This species is widely distributed in Japan, and is reported from Yunnan by Focke. The Loh Fau specimen agrees closely with the description, with Focke’s figure, and with authentically named Japanese material. RUBUS FIMBRIIFERUS Focke in Bibl. Bot. 7 (1910) 80. Kwangtung Province, Teng Woo Mountain, Levine & Groff 143, November 18, 1916. The type of this species was a specimen from the Hongkong Herbarium collected on the West River, Kwangtung Province. It is not included by Dunn & Tutcher in their Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong, and agrees with none of the species admitted by them. LEGUMINOSAE MILLETTIA Wight & Arnott MILLETTIA DUNNII sp. nov. -Frutex suberectus, ramis elongatis, arcuatis, inflorescentiis et subtus foliis exceptis glaber ; ramis brunneis, teretibus, perspicue lenticellatis ; foliis usque ad 35 cm longis, foliolis 11 ad 15, charta- ceis, estipellatis, oblongis, usque ad 12 cm longis, breviter acumi- natis, basi acutis ad obtusis, supra glabris, olivaceis vel olivaceo- brunneis, nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, pubescentibus, nervis 1555522 - 140 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 utrinque circiter 12, perspicuis; inflorescentiis racemosis, sub fructu foliis subaequantibus; leguminis crassis, ovoideis (1- spermis) vel oblongis (2-spermis), glabris, acuminatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis, circiter 2.5 cm latis, valvis in vivo subcarnosis, in siccitate crasse coriaceis, dense et perspicue lenticellato- verruculosis. A suberect shrub with elongated, arcuate branches up to 4 m in length, apparently ultimately scandent, glabrous except the inflorescences and the leaves. Branches terete, brownish, lenti- cellate, glabrous. Leaves up to 35 cm in length, the petiole and rachis glabrous, reddish-brown or dark-brown. Leaflets estipel- late, oblong, chartaceous, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, apex shortly acuminate, base acute to obtuse, the upper surface gla- brous, shining, olivaceous or brownish-olivaceous, the lower sur- face paler, rather densely pubescent with short, cinereous hairs; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath, curved, obscurely anas- tomosing; petiolules dark-brown, rugose, 5 mm long or less; stipels none. Racemes in fruit about as long as the leaves, spar- ingly pubescent, lenticellate. Pods somewhat fleshy when fresh, ovoid to oblong in outline (ovoid when 1-seeded, oblong when 2-seeded), 3 to 6 cm long, about 2.5 cm wide, acuminate, base rounded, when fresh nearly as thick as wide, when dry distinctly compressed, the valves when dry thickly coriaceous and very prominently and densely verrucose-lenticellate, glabrous, tardily dehiscent. Seeds (somewhat immature) about 1.5 cm in dia- meter. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), in thickets near So Liu Koon, altitude about 200 meters, Merrill 10861 (type), Levine 1871, August 18, 1917, locally known as ue tang tsai. I was at first disposed to refer these specimens to Millettia oosperma Dunn, to which the species is perhaps most closely allied, but they differ radically from Dunn’s species in their more numerous leaflets (never 2- jugate), and shorter, glabrous pods. The species is dedicated to Mr. S. T. Dunn, late director of the Hongkong Botanic Garden and author of a recent revision of the genus Millettia. ALBIZZIA Durazzini \ ALBIZZIA CORNICULATA (Lour.) comb. nov. Mimosa corniculata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 651. Albizzia milletii Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1846) 89. Caesalpinia lebbekkoides DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 483. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain at Wa Shau T’oi, Merrill 11004; vicinity of Canton, Levine 774, 1158, 1578. Loureiro’s type was from -the vicinity of Canton, and his description applies unmistakably to the form commonly known as Albizzia milletii XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 141 Benth., for which Mimosa corniculata Lour. supplies the oldest valid specific name. The corniculate pulvinus subtending the petioles, from which Loureiro took his specific name, is very characteristic of the species. GLEDITSCHIA Scopoli GLEDITSCHIA FERA (Lour.) comb. nov. Mimosa fera Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 652. Kwangtung Province, Honam Island, near Canton, Levine 1289, 1852, September and November, 1917, with the Cantonese name tai yip ying. These specimens, one of which I provisionally referred to Gleditschia australis Hemsl., and the other to G. macracantha Desf., are both in fruit, and both manifestly represent the same species. They agree closely with Loureiro’s description, and I have no doubt that they present his species; however he gives the Chinese name as tsdo kié. The pods are about 20 em long and 8 to 3.5 cm wide, straight or slightly curved, agreeing in length with Loureiro’s description, but being about twice as long as are those of G. australis Hemsl. I suspect that it is the Kwangtung form that has been referred to Gleditschia macracantha Desf., but Desfontaine’s description is so very short and imperfect that it is impossible to determine from it alone what the true characters of his species are. Hemsley states that G. macracantha Desf. has nearly quadrate flat seeds; the specimens cited above have the seeds of Gleditschia australis Hemsl. The Cochinchina form placed here by Loureiro may be the one referred by Gagnepain to G. australis Hemsl. RUTACEAE SKIMMIA Thunberg SKIMMIA JAPONICA Thunb. Nov. Gen. (1781-1801) 58. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11056, Levine 1361, August 11, 1917, in thickets, damp ravines, altitude about 1,100 meters. : This species extends from Japan to India southward to Formosa and northern Luzon, occurring at high altitudes in the south. The genus is new to Kwangtung Province. FAGARA Linnaeus FAGARA CHINENSIS sp. nov. , Frutex scandens, inflorescentiis axillaribus leviter pubescenti- bus exceptis glaber, ramulis ramulisque inermis, rhachis canali- culato-angulatis, subtus spinis paucis, recurvis armatis; foliis circiter 15 cm longis, foliolis 7, oppositis vel suboppositis, lanceo- latis ad ovato-lanceolatis, coriaceis, tenuiter sed obtuse acumina- tis, basi acutis, integris, usque ad 7 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque 7 ad 9, distinctis; paniculis axillaribus, anguste pyra- midatis, circiter 4 cm longis; fructibus sessilibus, rugosis, subellipsoideis, circiter 5.5 mm longis, apice leviter oblique rostratis. A scandent shrub, attaining a length of at least 5 m, glabrous except the sparingly pubescent inflorescences. Branches and 142 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 branchlets terete, unarmed, the former grayish, rugose, the latter smooth, nearly black. Leaves alternate, about 15 cm long, the rachis canaliculate, somewhat angled, armed on the lower side with few, scattered, rather stout, recurved, 1 to 1.5 mm long spines. Leaflets 7, coriaceous, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, entire, opposite or subopposite, 3.5 to 7 cm long, 1.2 to 2.6 cm wide, shining, olivaceous-brownish when dry, the glands not prominent, narrowed below to the acute and sometimes slightly inequilateral base, and above to the slenderly but obtusely acumi- nate apex; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, dis- tinct on the lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petiolules 2.5 to 4 mm long. Panicles axillary, narrowly pyra- midal, about 4 cm long, sparingly pubescent, the primary branches about 5 mm long. Cocci subelliptic, brown and rugose when dry, about 5.5 mm long, keeled but scarcely compressed, obliquely beaked at the apex, 1-seeded, sessile, but one or two developing from each ovary. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10660, August 13, 1917, in thickets near Paak Wan Moon, altitude about 900 meters. This species is apparently represented by Cavalerie 950 from Kouy- tchéou, which has been identified with Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgw., but to which species I do not consider that it can possibly be referred. It is well characterized by its few leaflets, which are entire and slenderly acuminate; its unarmed branches and branchlets; and its short, axillary, very narrow panicles. POLYGALACEAE 9 EPIRIXANTHES Blume we EPIRIXANTHES APHYLLA (Griff.) comb. nov. Salomonia aphylla Griff. in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1 (1844) 221, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 (1845) 112. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), at So Liu Koon, Merrill 10898, August 18, 1917, in damp forests along trails, altitude about 180 meters. I have transferred this species to Hpirixanthes Blume, as I consider this group to be generically distinct from Salomonia. EUPHORBIACEAE J gh BRIDELIA Loureiro BRIDELIA MONOICA (Lour.) comb. nov. Clutia monoica Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 638. ye Cleistanthus monoicus Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15? ae 508; Jabl. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 65 (1915) 53. Bridelia loureiri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy’s Voy. (1841) 211. XII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 143 Kaluhaburunghos monoecus O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 607. Bridelia tomentosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 597; Jabl. in Engl. Pflanzen- reich 65 (1915) 58, cum syn. Kwangtung Province, Canton and vicinity, Merrill 9859, Levine 429, 1232, Levine & Groff 88. ‘ This species is common in thickets in the vicinity of Canton. Jablonszky places Cleistanthus monoicus (Lour.) Muell.-Arg. among the species omnino dubiae, but there is no doubt in my mind as to the correctness of the present interpretation. Loureiro’s type was from Canton, and his descrip- tion in all essentials, except for the description of the fruit, applies word for word to this common species. The only differences are in his descrip- tion of the leaves as glabrous (they are glabrous above and sparingly pubescent beneath) and in characterizing the fruit as a 3-celled, 1-seeded capsule; the fruit is a small drupe. This discrepancy is explained by the certainty that Loureiro saw no fruits, but made the description of them conform to the generic description of Clutia as quoted by him. Bridelia monoica (Lour.) Merr. is the only species known from southern China that conforms at all to Loureiro’s description. No Cleistanthus is known from China. AQUIFOLIACEAE J ILEX Linnaeus GO ‘ ILEX TUTCHERI sp. nov. § Aquifolium, Sideroxyloides. Frutex 2 ad 4 m altus, glaberrimus; foliis obovatis ad oblongo- obovatis, crassissime coriaceis, usque ad 5.5 cm longis, apice ro- tundatis, interdum retusis, margine integris, revolutis, basi cuneatis, costa supra impressa, subtus prominula, nervis latera- libus obsoletis, supra olivaceis vel brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, subtus brunneis, minutissime et densissime puncticulatis; fruc- tibus axillaribus, fasciculatis, tenuiter pedicellatis, globosis vel subglobosis, estriatis, 4 ad 5 mm diametro, 6- vel 7-locellatis, calycis lobis 6, rotundatis. An entirely glabrous shrub, 2 to 4 m high, the branches terete, dark-grayish, somewhat rugose, the branchlets reddish-brown, somewhat angled. Leaves rather densely crowded, obovate to oblong-obovate, thickly coriaceous, 2.5 to 5.5 cm long, 1.2 to 2.5. em wide, apex rounded, sometimes slightly retuse, base cuneate, margins entire, recurved, the upper surface olivaceous or brown- ish-olivaceous, shining, the lower surface brownish, densely and very minutely puncticulate, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, prominent on the lower surface, the lateral nerves and reticulations obsolete; petioles 2 to 8 mm long. Fruits numer- ous, axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, usually about 3 in a fascicle, globose or subglobose, when fresh fleshy, purplish, smooth, when dry dark-brown, smooth or slightly rugose, not 144 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 striate, the apex prominently papillate, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, 6- or 7-celled. Persistent calyx coriaceous, 3.5 to 4 mm in diameter, the lobes 6, broadly rounded, short; pedicels 6 to 10 mm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10377 (type), 10244, October 28, 1916, on open exposed slopes and in damp forested ravines, altitude 900 to 1,000 meters. The above-cited specimens were originally determined by me, from the description, as representing Ilex memecylifolia Champ., but Mr. W. J. Tutcher, director of the Botanic Garden, Hongkong, to whom the species is dedicated, has called my attention to the fact that the present form differs radically from Champion’s species in its vegetative character's and especially in its 6-merous calyces with short, rounded lobes. Its alliance is apparently with Ilex championii Loesen. and I. memecylifolia Champ., but it is abund- antly distinct from both. \ ILEX LOHFAUENSIS sp. nov. Species I. hanceanae affinis, differt foliis multo minoribus, apice semper perspicue retusis, nervis lateralibus subobsoletis, floribus omnibus fasciculatis vel solitariis. A shrub, 3 to 4 m high, the branchlets distinctly cinereous- pubescent with soft, short, spreading hairs. Branches brownish, terete, smooth, glabrous. Leaves numerous, oblong-obovate, brown and shining when dry, 1 to 2 cm long, 5 to 9 mm wide, apex obtuse and prominently retuse, base cuneate to decurrent- acuminate, margins entire, the midrib somewhat prominent on the upper surface and often slightly pubescent, distinctly prom- inent on the lower surface, glabrous; lateral nerves very slender, 5 to 8 on each side of the midrib, always obscure, often obsolete or nearly so; petioles 1 to 2mm long, puberulent. Flow- ers axillary, solitary or fascicled but never more than two or three in an axil, white, 4-merous, about 4 mm in diameter, their pedicels pubescent, 2 mm long or less. Calyx about 2 mm in diameter, shallowly 4-lobed, the lobes broadly rounded, pubes- cent. Petals united into a distinct tube, the lobes broadly ovate, obtuse to rounded, spreading, about 1.6 mm long. Filaments 0.5 mm long, the anthers about as long as the filaments. Ovary ovoid. Young fruit ovoid, glabrous, smooth, about 2.5 mm in diameter. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill. 10678 (type), August 16, 1917, Levine 1455, from the same plant, in thickets, damp shaded ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters. I was at first disposed to refer these specimens to Ilex hanceana Maxim., but as they differ so constantly in their smaller and always prominently retuse leaves, I believe that they represent a distinct but allied species. _ The species is certainly distinct from the Philippine Ilex fetcheri Merr., which Loesener thinks is a synonym of Ilex hanceana Maxim. ee XII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 145 VITACEAE CISSUS Linnaeus CISSUS ASSAMICA (Laws.) Craib in Kew Bull. (1911) 30; Gagnep. Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 353. Vitis assamica Laws. in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 648. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10682, Levine 1465, August 17, 1917, in thickets, damp ravines, altitude about 900 meters. ; This species extends from India (Assam and Sikkim) to Siam, but has not previously been reported from China. It is very similar to Cissus adnata Roxb., but is easily distinguished, among other characters, by its more or less appressed hairs being attached by the middle, not by the base. The Chinese specimens cited above have distinctly pubescent inflorescences, but the leaves are practically glabrous, except for a few scattered hairs on the lower surface; the disk and ovary are entirely glabrous. By the key given by Dunn & Tutcher this falls under Vitis repens Wight & Arn. and has perhaps. been included by these authors under Lamarck’s species; it is, however, abundantly distinct from Cissus repens Lam. COLUMELLA Loureiro COLUMELLA TENUIFOLIA (Heyne) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 134. : Cissus tenuifolia Heyne in Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 6022; Planch, in DC. © Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 563. Cayratia tenuifolia Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 348. Macao, Callery 93! Kwangtung Province, Levine 1000, originally identi- fied by me as Columella japonica. Formosa, Arisan, Faurie 512, June, 1914. This has been included in Cissus japonica Willd., but is certainly specific- ally distinct. India to southern China and the Philippines. COLUMELLA JAPONICA (Thunb.) comb. nov. Vitis japonica Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) 104. Cissus japonica Willd. Sp. Pl. 1 (1797) 659. Cayratia japonica Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 349. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain, Merrill 11119, Levine 1855, August, 1917, in thickets, altitude about 1,000 meters. Japan to Indo-China; the Philippine specimen referred by Gagnepain to this species I consider to represent Columella corniculata (Benth.) Merr. PARTHENOCISSUS Planchon It has been conclusively shown that Psedera Neck. Elem. 1 (1790) 158, and Quinaria Rafin. Medic. Fl. 2 (1830) 122, are synonyms of Parthenocissus Planch. in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1889) 447, and that following strictly the rules of priority Psedera Neck. is the oldest generic name for this group. Quinaria of Rafinesque is preoccupied by the different Quinaria Lour, Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 272; Loureiro’s name, however, is a synonym of Clausena. However, as Parthenocissus Planch. is the retained name adopted by the ate 146 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 last International Botanical Congress,’ Planchon’s generic designation should be the one to be retained. Gagnepain® has clearly shown that Landukia Planch. is not generically distinct from Parthenocissus. Landukia Planch. has page priority over Parthenocissus Planch., and hence has claims to recognition as the valid generic name, for the group under discussion, among those botanists who accept the generic lists of nomina conservanda adopted by the last two International Botanical Congresses. That Landukia should be included in the next list of nomina rejicenda is evident, and I prefer to make no new combinations under this generic name at the present time. The proper specific name for a common Chinese species, however, needs adjustment, as there is no reason whatever for discarding Blume’s very descriptive name for the plant now known as Parthenocissus landuk Gagnep. Ampelopsis heterophylla Sieb. & Zucc. was published many years after Blume’s binomial, and of course does not invalidate Blume’s specific name. PARTHENOCISSUS HETEROPHYLLA (Blume) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 129. Ampelopsis heterophylla Blume Bijdr, (1825) 194, Cissus landuk Hassk. in Flora 25 (1842) Beibl. 2:39, Vitis landuk Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1863) 90. Landukia landuk Planch. in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 447, Parthenocissus landuk Gagnep. in Bull. Soc, Hist. Nat. Autun 24 (1911) 15, et in Sargent Pl. Wils. 1 (1911) 102. Kwangtung Province, near Canton, Levine 1271, August, 1917; Loh Fau Mountain, Merrill 10715, August, 1917: Chekiang Province, Meyer 1618. .Hainan, Hongkong Herbarium 413. Probably referable here is Merrill 11132 from plants cultivated on a compound wall at Sheklung, Kwangtung Province, which differs from other specimens cited in having 3- and 5-foliolate leaves. STERCULIACEAE PTEROSPERMUM Schreber PTEROSPERMUM LEVINEI sp. nov. Arbor circiter 13 m alta partibus junioribus et subtus foliis dense subferrugineo- ad subalbido-tomentosis. Ramis teretibus, glabris, tenuibus; foliis oblongis, chartaceis, leviter inaequila- teralibus, integris, 8 ad 14 cm longis, 4 ad 5.5 cm latis, supra brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, glabris, acuminatis, basi leviter oblique truncatis vel subcordatis, subtus densissime tomentosis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, distinctis; petiolis circiter 8 mm longis; stipulis ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, integris, inaequilateralibus, acutis ad acuminatis, utrinque minute albido-tomentosis, circiter 5 mm longis, deciduis; fructibus ellipsoideis ad oblongo-ellipsoid- eis, teretibus, 45 ad 5 cm longis, brunneis, apice minute et breviter acuminatis, basi stipitatis, stipite circiter 8 mm longo ‘ } * Act. III ™* Congr. Internat. Bot. Brux. 1 (1910) 114, * Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24 (1911) 10, pees is XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 147 et 5 mm diametro, extus dense et minutissime ferrugineo-stellato- tomentosis. Kwangtung Province, Sum Sun, Nam Hoi, at the base of a hill, Levine 1178, September 7, 1917. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Pterospermum jackianum Wall., to which I first referred the specimen. It differs from Penang material representing Wallich’s species, and from the descriptions in a number of details, notably in its entirely different stipules. The only species reported from China proper are the entirely different _ Pterospermum proteus Burkill and P. heterophyllum Hance; Pterospermum formosanum Mats., judging from the single sterile specimen I have seen, must be very closely allied to or identical with the Philippine P. niveum Vid. DILLENIACEAE TETRACERA Linnaeus TETRACERA LEVINEI sp. nov. Frutex scandens, subglaber; foliis oblongis, rigidis, laevis vel sublaevis, usque ad 13 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, basi acutis, apice acutis, obtusis, vel obscurissime acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, perspicuis; paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque, usque ad 12 cm longis; fructibus circiter 7 mm longis, glabris, 1-spermis, sepalis utrinque glabris. A scandent shrub, subglabrous, the inflorescences somewhat appressed-strigose. Branches brownish, somewhat wrinkled, - smooth or minutely scabrid. Leaves subcoriaceous, rigid, brit- tle, oblong, pale and shining when dry, smooth or nearly so, 11 to 13 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, base acute, apex acute, some- what obtuse, or even slightly acuminate, the margins minutely denticulate in the upper one-half; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent. Panicles terminal and in ’ the upper axils, up to 12 cm in length. Fruits 1-seeded, ovoid, glabrous, shining, somewhat apiculate, about 7 mm long, the aril orange-yellow. Sepals glabrous on both surfaces. Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1794, near small streams, October 22, 1917. This species is manifestly allied to Tetracera scandens (Linn.) Merr. (T. sarmentosa Vahl), which is common in Kwangtung Province, from which it differs in its smooth or nearly smooth, not scabrid leaves, and more numerous lateral nerves. The synonyms Leontoglossum scabrum Hance, Actaea aspera Lour., Trachytella actaea DC., and Calligonum asperum Lour., based on Kwangtung and Cochinchina specimens, appear to be correctly referred to Tetracera sarmentosa Vahl= T. scandens (Linn.) Merr. The latter species is represented by Hongkong Herbarium 1415, from Hongkong, and Merrill 10724 and Levine 1418 from the base of Loh Fau Mountain, Kwangtung Province. A 148 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 THEACEAE TRISTYLIUM Turczaninow “2 ay TRISTYLIUM OCHNACEUM (DC.) comb. nov. i) Cleyra ochnacea DC. in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genév. 1 (1822) 412, Prodr. 1 (1824) 524, Eurya ochnacea Szysz. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3° (1893) 189. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan) Merrill 10243, 10686, October, 1916, August, 1917, Levine 1458, August, 1917, on exposed open slopes, altitude about 1,000 meters. This species extends from Japan to Formosa and the central Himalayan region, but has not previously been reported from Kwangtung Province. My number 10243 was originally referred, with doubt, to Adinandra millettii Benth., but Mr. Tutcher has called my attention to the fact that the specimen is properly referable to Cleyra ochnacea DC.; all the spec- imens are in fruit and agree very closely with authentic Japanese material - received from the Leiden Herbarium. This species has been confused by some authors with the entirely dif- ferent Ternstroemia japonica Thunb. Szyszylowicz has reduced Cleyra DC. (non Thunb.) to Eurya Thunb., which does not appear to me to be the proper disposition of it; I consider it to be more closely allied to Adinandra Jack. Cleyra DC., non Thunb., nec Adans., is invalid, and I propose to adopt Tristylium Turez. as the proper valid generic name for this group. TERNSTROEMIA Mutis TERNSTROEMIA KWANGTUNGENSIS gp. nov. Arbor 4 ad 5 m alta, glabra, ramis ramulisque crassis, rugosis; foliis crassime coriaceis, late ellipticis ad elliptico-ovatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi decurrento- acuminatis, in siccitate supra atro-brunneis, nitidis, subtus brun- neis, opacis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, indistinctis, petiolis cras- sis, 1.5 ad 2.3 em longis; fructibus depresso-globosis, circiter 1.3 cm diametro (immaturis), sepalis persistentibus, coriaceis, elliptico-ovatis, circiter 8 mm longis. A tree, 4 to 5 m high, entirely glabrous. Branches and branch- lets thickened, rugose, brownish or somewhat reddish-brown, 5 to 7 mm in diameter, the petiolar scars rather prominent. Leaves thickly coriaceous, broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 7 to 9 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, the apex shortly and obtusely acumi- nate, base decurrent-acuminate, the upper surface blackish- brown when dry, prominently shining, the lower surface brown, dull; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, indistinct; petioles stout, black when dry, 1.5 to 2.3 cm long. Fruits axillary, solitary, depressed-globose, about 1.3 em in diameter (immature), dark-brown when dry, the pedicels stout, 1 cm long or less. Persistent sepals coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, about 8 mm long, rounded, scarcely fimbriate. bp ee ? XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 149 Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11013, August 29, 1917, in damp forested gorges, altitude about 1,000 meters. This species is closely allied to Ternstroemia japonica Thunb., from which it is distinguished by its larger, broader, differently shaped leaves, its distinctly longer petioles, shorter pedicels, and depressed-globose fruits. It is clearly not the same as Cleyra fragrans Champ. and C, dubia Champ., which were described from Hongkong material, and which are apparently properly reduced as synonyms of Ternstroemia japonica Thunb. THEA Linnaeus THEA FURFURACEA sp. nov. Arbor parva, bracteis et fructibus exceptis glabra; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, usque ad 12 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acuminatis, margine glanduloso- denticulatis, in siccitate subolivaceis vel viridi-olivaceis, nitidis, subtus pallidioribus, glandulosis, breviter petiolatis, nervis utrin- que 8 ad 10, supra impressis, subtus perspicuis, anastomosan- tibus; fructibus terminalibus, globosis vel depresso-globosis, bre- viter et crasse pedicellatis, circiter 1 cm diametro (immaturis), extus densissime furfuraceis atque pilis paucis deciduis instructis. A small tree, usually about 3 m high, entirely glabrous except the bracts and fruits (flowers not seen). Branches terete, smooth, pale-brownish, the branchlets occasionally somewhat compressed. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, 7 to 12 cm long, 2.5 to 4 em wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the rather slenderly but blunt-acuminate apex, the margins glan- dular-denticulate throughout, the upper surface pale-olivaceous or greenish-olivaceous when dry, shining, the lower surface paler, glandular, shining; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, somewhat impressed on the upper surface, rather prom- inent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the lax reticulations distinct; petioles about 8 mm long, brown. Fruits terminal, globose or depressed-globose, about 1 cm in diameter (immature), externally densely covered with pale-brownish, furfuraceous, appressed scales and with few, somewhat tufted, deciduous, pale hairs, 3-celled, with three seeds in each cell; pedicels short, stout, 4mm long or less, densely covered with the persistent, imbricate bases of the bracts, the outer bracts broadly ovate to somewhat reniform, obtuse to subacute, somewhat pubescent on the margins and in the median part of the back, the innermost up to 1 cm in length and somewhat cucullate. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10681 (type), Levine 1516, August 17, 1917, in damp forested gorges, altitude about 1,000 meters. This species is well characterized by its densely furfuraceous fruits. A gt | 150 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 SCHIMA Reinwardt ‘SCHIMA CONFERTIFLORA sp. nov. Arbor (vel interdum frutex, 1 ad 3m altus) usque ad 10 m alta, novellis fioribusque exceptis glabra; foliis coriaceis, in sic- citate brunneis ad brunneo-olivaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo- ellipticis, usque ad 9 cm longis, breviter obtuseque acuminatis, basi acutis, margine distincte crenato-serratis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, tenuibus; floribus numerosis, axillaribus et ad apicem ramulorum dense subracemoso-confertis, breviter pedunculatis; sepalis orbicularibus, extus glabris, margine perspicue ciliatis; fructibus depresso-globosis, circiter 1.2 cm diametro, breviter crasseque pedunculatis. | A tree attaining a height of 10 m, or when growing on exposed slopes a shrub 1 to 83 m high, glabrous except the flowers and the growing tips of the branchlets. Branches dark-brown, rugose, rather stout, terete, the terminal bud-scales densely ap- pressed-pubescent with pale shining hairs. Leaves numerous, crowded, thickly coriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 4.5 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3.3 cm wide, base acute, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, margins distinctly crenate-serrate, when dry brown to brownish-olivaceous, shining; lateral nerves slender, not prominent, 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, the reticulations indistinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Flowers numerous, white, in the uppermost axils and racemosely crowded at the tips of the branchlets, about 3 cm in diameter, their pedi- cels glabrous, about 1 cm long, stout, brown when dry. Sepals _ suborbicular, rounded, coriaceous, about 5 mm in diameter, gla- brous externally, internally densely appressed-pubescent, the margins densely and prominently ciliate with pale hairs. Petals obovate, glabrous except the sparingly ciliate margins. Ovary ovoid, densely pubescent at the base, glabrous above; style stout, about 7 mm long. Fruit globose or depressed-globose, woody, about 1.2 cm in diameter, brown when dry, sparingly appressed- pubescent, ultimately glabrous, at first splitting into two or three valves, ultimately into five, the persistent sepals very coriaceous, glabrous, the pedicels stout, about 1 cm long, the mature fruits in the axils of fallen leaves; seeds somewhat reniform, rounded at both ends, about 7 mm long and 4.5 mm wide, somewhat rugose. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10690 (type), August 16, 1917, on open exposed ridges, altitude 950 meters, Merrili 11052, August 11, 1917, in damp forested ravines, altitude about 900 meters, Merrill 10156 and Levine 601, 1518, October 28, 1916, August 10, 1917, in fruit, and in flower, on open slopes, altitude about 900 meters. ) a XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 151 This form differs so radically from the typical Malayan Schima no- ronhae Reinw., and from the Chinese and Formosan form that has been referred to Reinwardt’s species, that I am constrained to consider it a distinct species. From typical Javan Schima noronhae Reinw. it is readily distinguished by its smaller leaves, which are not slenderly acuminate; crowded, shortly pedicelled flowers; smaller fruits; and numerous other characters. From the Chinese form that has been referred to Reinwardt’s species, but which I consider should be retained as a distinct species under the name Schima superba Garden. & Champ., it differs in its smaller leaves which are not slenderly and sharply acuminate; distinctly smaller fruits; and shorter-peduncled, more numerous, densely crowded flowers. OENOTHERACEAE EPILOBIUM Linnaeus EPILOBIUM PHILIPPINENSE C. B. Rob, in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 369. ; Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10658, Levine 1467, August 16, 1917, on rubbish of fallen walls at the ruined monastery Put Wan T’sz, altitude about 1,100 meters. The genus is new to Kwangtung Province. The specimens are more robust than the Philippine form, with somewhat shorter fruits and slightly smaller seeds, but in other characters closely approximates Robinson’s type. It is very probable that as species are interpreted in this genus by Haussknecht and by Léveillé, these authors would consider the Chinese form specifically distinct from the Philippine one; it is not improbable that this Chinese form has already been described under some other specific names, but as distinctions are drawn by Léveillé it is practically impossible to gain a clear conception of many of his species from the de- scriptions alone, the same being true also of many of Haussknecht’s species. MELASTOMATACEAE BLASTUS Loureiro BLASTUS PAUCIFLORUS (Benth.) comb, nov. Allomorphia pauciflora Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1 (1842) 485; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23 (1887) 301; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7 (1891) 465; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 107 (Fl. Hongk. Kwangtung). Oxyspora ? pauciflora Benth. Fl. Hongk. (1861) 116. Blastus hindsit Hance in Journ. Linn. Soe, Bot. 13 (1873). 103. Hongkong, Victoria Peak, comm. W. J. Tutcher: Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10748, Levine 1462, about ledges in thickets, in damp ravines, altitude about 950 meters, August 16, 1917. An examination of the flowers of this species shows that it belongs in the genus Blastus, and it is accordingly so placed. Blastus cochinchi- nensis Lour. is distinguished, among other characters, by its short, axillary inflorescences. Léveillé has described several species of Blastus with ter- minal inflorescences, some of which, judging from his wholly inadequate diagnoses, must be very close to the present species. 152 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ARALIACEAE DEN DROPANAX Decaisne & Planchon >’ DENDROPANAX ACUMINATISSIMUM sp. nov. Frutex glaber, 3 ad 4 m altus; foliis lanceolatis ad anguste lan- ceolatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, tenuiter caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, integris, nervis utrinque 10 ad 12, tenuibus, indistinctis, anastomosantibus; umbellis terminalibus, solitariis vel trinis, breviter pedunculatis, subpaucifloris; floribus 5-meris, circiter 5.5 mm longis. A slender, erect, glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 m high, the branches and branchlets terete, somewhat brownish, the latter smooth. Leaves scattered, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, firmly charta- ceous to subcoriaceous, rather pale-olivaceous when dry, 7 to 11 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, entire, base acute, narrowed above into the slenderly caudate-acuminate apex; lateral nerves 10 to 13 on each side of the midrib, slender, spreading-ascending, anasto- mosing, indistinct; petioles 1 to 3.5 em long. Umbels terminal, solitary or in threes, about 2 cm in diameter in anthesis, their peduncles 5 to 10 mm long, 10- to 15-flowered, the bracteoles linear, 2 to 8 mm long, deciduous, the pedicels about 6 mm long. Calyx green, cup-shaped, about 3 mm long, its margin 5-denticu- late. Petals 5, white, ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 mm long. Fila- ments about 2mm long. Ovary 5-celled; style stout, furrowed, ‘somewhat narrowed upward, about 1.3 mm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10817 (type), Levine 1315, August 24, 1917, from the same plant. This species occurs on steep forested slopes of damp ravines, altitude 800 to 1,000 meters, and is very rare, as only a few specimens were observed in several weeks’ work on Loh Fau Mountain. It is well char- acterized by its very narrow, lanceolate, slenderly acuminate leaves which are not at all 3-nerved or 3-plinerved at the base. Dendropanazx japonicum Seem. is abundant on open slopes on Loh Fau Mountain, while what I take to be D. protewm Benth. also occurs in similar habitats. ERICACEAE VACCINIUM Linnaeus wa’ vaccinium HANCOCKIAE sp. nov. | Frutex 2 ad 3 m altus, glaber; foliis coriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, in siccitate brunneo-olivaceis, nitidis, us- que ad 5 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine cartilagineis, distanter serrulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, tenuibus, anasto- mosantibus; racemis in axillis superioribus, circiter 2 em longis, bracteolis oblongo-ovatis, circiter 1 mm longis; floribus subcylin- draceis, circiter 7 mm longis, sursum leviter angustatis; calycis XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 153 lobis lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, subpatulis, circiter 1.5 mm longis. A shrub 2 to 3 m high, entirely glabrous except the top of the ovary, the filaments, and the inside of the corollas. Branches terete, reddish-brown to grayish-brown, crowded, the internodes short. Leaves numerous, coriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm long, 8 to 16 mm wide, brownish-olivaceous when dry, not glandular, shining, the lower surface slightly paler than the upper, narrowed below to the acute base and above to the rather slenderly acuminate apex, the margins cartilagi- nous, distantly serrulate; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct on the lower surface, curved- ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct ; petioles about 8 mm long. Racemes in the uppermost axils, about 2 cm long, 6- to 10-flowered, the pedicels spreading or recurved, about 3 mm long, the minute bracteoles oblong-ovate, acuminate, about 1mm long. Calyx-tube turbinate, black or somewhat glaucous when dry, the lobes lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, about 1.5 mm long, somewhat spreading. Corolla white, glabrous exter- nally, slightly pubescent inside, subcylindric, slightly narrowed above, about 6 mm long and 2 mm in diameter, the lobes sub- ovate, obtuse, 0.8 mm long, recurved. Top of the ovary hirsute. Stamens 10; filaments thickened and villous below, filiform and glabrous above, about 3.5 mm long; anthers slender, narrow, 2 to 2.8 mm long, the spurs 1.2 to 2 mm long. Style glabrous, rather stout, 6 mm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10705, (type), Levine 1355, August 25, 1917, on open grassy slopes 600 to 900 meters, rare. This species somewhat resembles Vaccinium carlesii Dunn, but is en- tirely different in its floral characters. It is the third species of the genus to be found in Kwangtung Province, the other two, Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. and V. iteophyllum Hance, being common on Loh Fau Mountain. It is dedicated to Miss A. Hancock, of the New Zealand Presbyterian Mis- sion at Canton, in commemoration of her interest in the flora of Kwangtung Province, and in appreciation of her coolness in extricating herself, Mr. Levine, and the author in a serious encounter with Chinese robbers on Loh Fau Mountain on August 22, 1917. RHODODENDRON Linnaeus RHODODENDRON LEVINEI sp. nov. Arbor 8 ad 4 m alta, ramulis et petiolis et foliis junioribus pilis longis tenuibus ferrugineis ornatis; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis ad ellipticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice late rotundatis, interdum brevissime apiculatis, basi acutis ad rotun- datis, margine revolutis, supra brunneo-olivaceis, subtus brun- 154 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 neis vel glaucescentibus, eleganter glanduloso-lepidotis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, distinctis; fructibus circiter 1.8 cm longis, oblongo-ovoideis, brunneis, glandulosis; sepalis persistentibus, subovatis, circiter 1.2 cm longis. A tree 3 to 4m high, the young branchlets, petioles, and young leaves prominently ciliate with long, spreading, brown or ferru- ginous, slender hairs 3 to 5 mm in length. Branches terete, smooth, reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves crowded at the apices of the branchlets, subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 5 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, the apex broadly rounded, sometimes shortly apiculate, the base acute or subacute, the younger ones with scattered, slender, elongated hairs on both surfaces and on the margins, the older ones glabrous or nearly so, the upper surface shining, brownish-olivaceous when dry, the reticulations -impressed, the lower surface of about the same color as the upper or glaucous, with numerous, scattered, brown, shining lepidote glands; primary lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anastomosing; petioles 1 to 1.5 ecm long. Flow- ers not seen. Fruits umbellately arranged at the tips of the branchlets, usually 3 to 5 on each branchlet, their pedicels about 2 cm in length, glabrous or nearly so, the capsules brown when dry, glandular, oblong-ovoid, about 1.8 cm long and 1 cm in diameter, the subpersistent style at least 2.5 cm long; sepals persistent, subovate, obtuse, about 1.2 cm long, reticulate, glan- dular, glabrous, chartaceous. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10952 (type), Levine 1330, from the same plant, August 24, 1917, in a deep forested ravine in the “Perfect Pool gorge’ growing out over a small stream, altitude about 950 meters. This species must be exceedingly rare, as only a single plant was observed during our exploration of the numerous gorges on the upper slopes of Loh Fau Mountain. It is strikingly characterized by its indumentum; its subelliptic leaves which are broadly rounded at the apices and prominently lepidote-glandular beneath; and its persistent, reticulate sepals. It is dedicated to Mr, C, O. Levine, of the Canton Christian College. CLETHRACEAE CLETHRA Linnaeus CLETHRA FABRI Hance in Journ Bot. 21 (1888) 130. Clethra canescens Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1881) 33; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 155, non Reinw. | Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10742, August 21, 1917, about boulders on open grassy slopes, altitude about 1,100 meters, rare. : The type of Clethra fabri Hance was from Loh Fau Mountain. Hance’s XIII, ©, 8 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 155 species was reduced by Hemsley to the Malayan Clethra canescens Reinw., the type of which was from Celebes. Comparison of the Chinese material with a Celebes specimen, presumably representing Reinwardt’s species, shows that the two are unmistakably distinct. The Chinese form is also specifically distinct from the Philippine Clethra lancifolia Turcz., erron- eously placed by Hemsley as a. synonym of Clethra canescens Reinw. Clethra fabri Hance can readily be distinguished C. canescens Reinw. by its much fewer-nerved leaves, and from C. lancifolia Turez. by its distinctly | larger flowers. VERBENACEAE CALLICARPA Linnaeus - CALLICARPA OLIGANTHA sp. nov. Frutex 2 ad 3 m altus, subglaber, ramulis junioribus parcissime et decidue stellato-pubescentibus; foliis brevissime petiolatis, anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 12 cm longis et 1.5 cm latis, charta- ceis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine in 2 superiore parte distincte serrulatis, supra glabris, subtus glandulosis, glabris, vel junioribus parcissime stellato- pubescentibus, nervis utrinque 7 ad 9, curvato-adscendentibus, tenuibus; cymis axillaribus depauperatis, 2- vel 3-floris, brevis- sime pedunculatis, pedicellis glabris, circiter 4 mm longis; fructi- bus globosis, 3 ad 3.5 mm diametro, glabris, calycis persistentibus, glabris, truncatis. A slender shrub, 2 to 3 m high, in age glabrous or nearly so, the young branchlets sparingly stellate-pubescent. Branches slender, terete, smooth, glabrous, grayish. Leaves narrowly lan- ceolate, chartaceous, 6 to 12 cm long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm wide, narrowed at both ends, the upper surface glabrous, smooth, eglandular, brownish-olivaceous, shining, the lower surface slightly paler, distinctly pitted-glandular, glabrous, or when young sparingly stellate-pubescent near the midrib, the base cuneate, the apex rather slenderly but bluntly acuminate, the margins in the upper two-thirds distinctly serrulate; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations slender, not prominent; petioles 2 mm long or less. Cymes axillary, few, subsessile or shortly peduncled, depauper- ate, 2- or 3-flowered, the peduncles 2 mm long or less, the pedi- cels not exceeding 4 mm in length, glabrous. Fruits globose or subglobose, dark-brown when dry, 3 to 3.5 mm in diameter, glabrous, the persistent calyx truncate, glabrous. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 11060, August 23, 1917, in thickets along small streams, altitude about 900 meters; rare, but a single plant seen. The alliance of this species is manifestly with the form commonly 155552 ——8 156 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 known as Callicarpa purpurea Juss., but which should be known as Cc. dichotoma (Lour.) Raeusch. It differs in its relatively much narrower leaves, and depauperate, subsessile, very few-flowered cymes. CALLICARPA DICHOTOMA (Lour.) Raeusch. Nomencl, ed. 3 (1817) 37. ; Porphyra dichotoma Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 70. : Callicarpa purpurea Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 69. Kwangtung Province, Teng Woo Mountain Levine 743, Levine & Groff 114, November, 1916 and June, 1917. The type of Porphyra dichotoma Lour. was from the vicinity of Canton, and the specimens cited above agree perfectly with the original descrip- tion and are practically topotypes. There is no valid reason for displac- ing Loureiro’s specific name by the more recent Callicarpa purpurea Juss. CALLICARPA LONGILOBA nom. nov. Callicarpa tomentosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey’s Voy. (1841) 205; Benth. Fl. Hongk. (1861) 269; Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1890) 255; Dunn & Tutcher Fl. Kwangtung & Hong- kong. (1912) 202; ? Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. (1809) 158; ? Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 (1857) 647, non Murr. This strongly characterized species is readily distinguished by its slender, elongated calyx-teeth; and, there being no tenable name for it, I propose to call it Callicarpa longiloba. Callicarpa tomentosa Willd. was based on a specimen the origin of which was unknown, and it may not be the same as Callicarpa tomentosa as interpreted by modern authors; there is little in the description that would indicate that Willdenow’s species is the same as the Chinese form commonly referred to Callicarpa tomentosa Willd. Whatever the status of the form Willdenow originally described, the name is invalidated by Callicarpa tomentosa (Linn.) Murr. (1798) based on Tomex tomentosa Linn. (1753), it being the valid name of the Indian species commonly known as Callicarpa lanata Linn. Specimens ex- amined are as follows: Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lo- faushan) Merrill 10312, 10677, Levine 1517; Formosa, Kanehira. GESNERACEAE a DIDYMOCARPUS Wallich o™ DIDYMOCARPUS SWINGLEI sp. noy. Herba acaulescens; foliis omnibus radicalibus, succulentis, fragilis, in siccitate membranaceis, olivaceis, utrinque parce pubescentibus, oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, apice | rotundatis, basi decurrento-acuminatis, saepe inaequilateralibus, margine undulato-dentatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6; scapis pen- dulis, usque ad 20 cm longis, pubescentibus, plerumque tricho tome ramosis, pedicellis 4 ad 8 cm longis, bracteis parvis, oblon- gis, circiter 4 mm longis; calycis lobis lanceolatis, pubescentibus, liberis, 7 mm longis; corolla campanulata, 3 ad 3.5 cm longa, purpureo-azurea; capsulis circiter 2 cm longis, pubescentibus. anv XIII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain - 157 An acaulescent succulent herb, the leaves all radical, subrosu- late, when fresh thick, fleshy, brittle, when dry membranaceous, olivaceous, in general oblong-obovate, apex rounded, base decur- rent-acuminate and usually distinctly inequilateral, both surfaces rather sparingly pubescent with short hairs, the margins some- what undulate-dentate; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, rather distinct; petioles up to 4 cm in length. Scapes several, usually trichotomously branched, slender, each several- flowered, distinctly pubescent, pendulous, up to 20 cm in length; bracts small, oblong, pubescent, about 4 mm long; pedicels slender, rather densely pubescent, 4 to 8 cm long. Flowers campanulate, blue-purple, 3 to 3.5 cm long. Calyx-lobes lanceo- late, free to the base, pubescent, about 7 mm long. Corolla-tube terete, not gibbous, gradually widened upward, 3 to 3.5 cm long, the limb somewhat bilabiate, the five lobes all subequal, rounded. Stamens 2 only; filaments glabrous; anthers about 3.5 mm wide and 1.5 mm long, united. Ovary and style pubescent; stigma liguliform, entire, about 2 mm long, oblique, as persistent on immature fruits often slightly reflexed. Capsules linear-lanceo- late, pubescent, about 2 cm long. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10692 (type), Levine 1538, August 16, 1917, gregarious on very damp cliffs in deep, shaded ravines; altitude about 1,000 meters. This species is apparently confined to its peculiar habitat, and was observed in but a few restricted places, although where found it was gregarious and abundant. It grows on perpendicular cliffs, and its in- florescences are pendulous; when occurring in mass and in full anthesis, it is strikingly ornamental. It does not conform with the descriptions of any of the known Chinese species of Chirita or Didymocarpus, and might with almost equal propriety be placed in Chirita as in Didymocarpus. I have placed it in the latter genus as the liguliform stigma is not at all lobed. SCROPHULARIACEAE BRANDISIA Hooker f. & Thomson BRANDISIA SWINGLEI sp. nov. Suffrutex erectus, circiter 1 m altus, ramulis et subtus foliis et floribusque dense cinereo-pubescentibus, indumento stellato; foliis oppositis, oblongo-ovatis, membranaceis, usque ad 8 cm longis, acutis vel leviter acuminatis, basi rotundatis, margine denticulatis vel subintegris, supra in siccitate nigrescentibus, subglabris, subtus pallidis; floribus axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, pedicellatis, circiter 2.3 cm longis, flavidis. A suffrutescent erect plant, about 1 m high, the younger parts ‘ 158 : The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 and lower surface of the leaves densely and softly stellate- pubescent with pale-gray indumentum, the hairs elongated, some- what matted, rather woolly, the older branches terete, smooth, glabrous. Leaves opposite, membranaceous, oblong-ovate, 4.5 to 8 cm long, 2 to 4 cm wide, base rounded, apex acute to rather slenderly acuminate, margins usually denticulate, sometimes nearly entire, the upper surface blackish when dry, shining, ultimately glabrous, the lower pale-grayish; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, anastomosing, conspicuous; petioles about 5mm long. Flowers yellow, axillary, solitary or in pairs, their pedicels 5 to 7 mm long, the filiform bracteoles nearly as long as the pedicels. Calyx about 13 mm long, externally densely and softly gray-tomentose, inside densely appressed-hirsute, the lobes 5, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,5 mm long. Corolla yellow, externally cinereous-tomentose, about 23 mm long, the two lobes of the upper lip oblong-obovate, about 9 mm long, the three of the lower lip suborbicular, about 6 mm long. Anthers sub- orbicular, 2.5 mm in diameter, their margins very prominently bearded, cohering. Ovary densely tomentose. Capsule oblong- ovoid, somewhat cinereous-tomentose, about 1 cm long, 2-celled, first loculicidally dehiscing into two valves, ultimately splitting again through the placentae into four valves. Seeds numerous, thin, compressed, linear-oblong, often slightly falcate, about 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, the testa expanded into a thin wing sur- rounding the very narrow seed proper. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10851, August 22, 1917, in thickets along small streams, altitude about 950 meters; very rare, a single plant observed. This species is allied to Brandisia hancei Hook. f., of which no descrip- tion has ever been published. My conception of Hooker’s species is gained from an examination of Yunnan material, Henry 9013, Delavay 1934, 4626. In these specimens the leaves are smaller than in B. swinglei Merr., much thicker, often cordate at the base, while the dense indumentum is ferruginous, and its stellate character is very evident; the calyx is broader, and its lobes are very different in shape in the Yunnan material. The genus is new to Kwangtung Province, the known forms now being Brand- isia discolor Hook, f. & Th., B. hancei Hook. f., B. racemosa Hemsl., B. souliei Bonati, B. laetevirens Rehder, and B. glabrescens Rehder. _ LINDERNIA Allioni LINDERNIA PYXIDARIA All. Mise. Taur. 3 (1755) 178. Vandellia pyxidaria Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. 20 (1875) 449. Kwangtung Province, Sheklung, Merrill 11130, August 28, 1917, on muddy river banks. Not previously reported from Kwangtung Province: Central Hurops to Japan, southward to Malaya and Polynesia. lalalime XII, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 159 RUBIACEAE MYCETIA Blume MYCETIA CORIACEA (Dunn) comb, nov. Adenosacme coriacea Dunn in Kew Bull. Add. Series 10 (1912) 130 (Fl. Hongkong & Kwangtung). Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10386, 10867, Levine 597, 1490, November, 1916 and August, 1917, a character- istic undershrub along small streams, in thickets, altitude 900 to 1,100 meters. The specimens agree with Dunn’s authentic material in the Hongkong Herbarium, but I have adopted the generic designation My- cetia in place of Adenosacme, as the former is the older name. HEDYOTIS Linnaeus HEDYOTIS ACUMINATISSIMA sp. nov. Herba erecta, glabra, ramosa, usque ad 75 cm alta, basi sublig- nosa, caulis infra teretibus, supra cum ramis 4-angulatis; foliis lanceolatis, chartaceis, scaberulis, usque ad 7 cm longis, basi acutis vel decurrento-acuminatis, apice tenuiter acuminatis, ner- vis utrinque 3, adscendentibus, perspicuis, supra impressis, subtus prominulis; stipulis ovatis, circiter 2 mm longis, denticulatis, apice plerumque 3-laciniatis; cymis axillaribus terminalibusque, circiter 4 cm longis, laxis; floribus albidis, corollae laciniis lan- ceolatis, recurvatis, 5 mm longis, intus villosis, tubo circiter 1.8 mm longo. An erect, branched, glabrous herb attaining a height of 75 em, the lower part of the stem terete, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, the internodes 4 to 7 cm long, unbranched in the lower 20 to 40 cm, the upper parts of the stem and the branches rather sharply 4-angled, the branches 20 to 30 cm in length. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, chartaceous, somewhat scaberulous, greenish or yellowish-green when dry, 4 to 7 cm long, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, the base acute or decurrent-acuminate, the apex slenderly and sharply acuminate; lateral nerves 3 on each side of the midrib, ascending, impressed on the upper surface, prominent beneath, anastomosing, the reticulations few, lax; petioles about 5 mm long; stipules ovate, about 2 mm long, their margins denticulate, the apex usually cleft into three laciniae. Cymes terminal and axillary, about 4 cm long, rather lax, few-flowered, the bracteoles lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 mm long, the pedicels 2 to 4 mm in length. Calyx-tube terete, ovoid, about 2 mm long, the lobes oblong-ovate, acute, 1 mm long. Corolla white, the tube about 1.8 mm long, the lobes 4, lanceolate, recurved, densely villous inside, about 5 mm long. Style 8 mm long. 160 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10763 (type), 10826, August 12 and 17, 1917, on wet grassy slopes and in damp forested ravines, altitude 1,000 to 1,100 meters, rare. This species is well characterized by its habit, its older and somewhat woody stems being terete, the younger parts and branches being rather sharply 4-angled; its lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, slightly scaberulous, few-nerved leaves; and its rather lax cymes, the corolla lobes being about three times as long as the corolla-tube. This species is probably as closely allied to Hedyotis acutangula Champ. as to any other; but it is abundantly distinct from Champion’s species, which is by far the commonest represent- ative of the genus found on Loh Fau Mountain. MORINDA Linnaeus MORINDA PARVIFOLIA Bartl. in DC. Prodr. 4 (1830) 449; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 438. Kwangtung Province, Canton and vicinity, Levine 782, 961, 1675: Hong- kong, Mrs. Clemens 4270, Curran: Formosa, Kawakami 1624. This form has been included in the rather polymorphous Morinda um- bellata Linn., but I consider it to be specifically distinct. The specimens cited closely match Bartling’s type, a fragment of which is before me, as well as Cuming’s material on which Morinda cumingiana Vid. (Lucinaea cumingiana Vid.) was based. The species is otherwise known only from northern Luzon and the Batan and Babuyan Islands, TARENNA Gaertner TARENNA ATTENUATA (Voigt) Hutch. in Sargent Pl. Wils. 3 (1916) 411. Stylocoryne attenuata Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcut. (1845) 377. Webera attenuata Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3 (1880) 104; Dunn & Tutcher Fl. Kwangtung & Hongkong (1912) 130. Stylocoryne webera Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 156, non A. Rich. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill s. n., August 20, 1917, on forested slopes in ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters. The specimen agrees closely with the descriptions and with Hongkong Herbarium 1715, from Hongkong, and Henry 89 from Formosa. The generic name Webera is untenable under all rules of botanical nomen- clature, hence the adoption of the generic designation Tarenna. TARENNA MOLLISSIMA (Hook, & Arn.) comb. nov. Webera mollissima Benth. ex Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13 (1873) 105; Dunn & Tutcher Fl. Kwangtung & Hongkong (1912) 130. Stylocoryne mollissima Walp. Repert. 2 (1843) 517; Benth. in Kew Journ. Bot. 4 (1852) 195, Fl. Hongk. (1861) 156. Cupia mollissima Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy’s Voy. (1841) 192. Kwangtung Province, Mell 52. UNCARIA Schreber UNCARIA RHYNCHOPHYLLA (Migq.) Jackson in Index Kewensis (1895) 1145; Haviland in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 33 (1897) 89. Nauclea rhynchophylla Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 108. Kwangtung Province, Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merrill 10831, XI, C, 3 Merrill: Flora of Loh Fau Mountain 161 Levine 1324, August 24, 1917, from the same plant; in forested ravines, altitude about 1,000 meters, a single plant seen. This species was originally described from sterile Japanese material, and as a Nauclea, not as an Uncaria; the first publication of the binomial Uncaria rhynchophylla seems to be that in Index Kewensis. The speci- mens cited above agree closely with Japanese material, Wichura 1280, with Dunn 2794 from Fokien Province, China; with the original descrip- tion; and with the more ample one given by Haviland. The species has not previously been reported from China. COMPOSITAE CARPESIUM Linnaeus CARPESIUM CERNUUM Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 859. Kwangtung Province, White Cloud Mountain, near Canton, Levine 1782, October, 1917: Swatow, Dalziel, October 1899. The specimens are by no means typical of the Linnean species, and a critical revision of the genus may show that they are referable to some other species. Carpesium cernuum Linn. extends from Europe to Japan and northeastern Australia; it occurs on the mountains of northern Luzon, but has not been reported from the Malay Archipelago. The species is new to Kwangtung Province. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vol. XIII, No. 8, May, 1918. PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE, II By F. W. FoxworTHy (From the Bureau of Forestry) Two PLATES Six years ago I published a synopsis of the Philippine species of this group. At that time we recognized seven genera and forty-eight species as occurring in the Archipelago; we now recognize nine genera and seventy species. Since then two other articles have been issued dealing with some of the Philippine representatives of this group. One of these was by Mr. A. D. EK. Elmer,? who described two new species of Hopea and two of Vatica; the other was my own paper on the Dipterocarpaceae of the Agusan region, based on collections made by Mr. Elmer;* in that paper I described five species as new and recorded notes on five other species. In the present paper an attempt is made - to bring our present knowledge of the group into classified form. All of the keys have had to be rewritten. COMMON NAMES OF DIPTEROCARPS The ten or twelve well-known types of Philippine dipterocarp woods are supplied by about seventy different species. A par- ticular wood in nearly every case is furnished by a group of species. Most of the species are sufficiently well known to have common names, but the same tree often has different names in different localities; this has caused a great deal of confusion. In the interests of accuracy and uniformity it has seemed advisable to make a list of the known names and to make an effort to stand- ardize them. In doing this, there has first been made a list of the commercial woods by their names in their principal markets. Following this there is a list of the species known to produce each wood; and, finally, there is an alphabetical list of all the known common names with the species to which they are affixed. *Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 231-288. *Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1912) 1471-1474. *Leafl. Philip. Bot. 6 (1918) 1949-1958. 163 164 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 The commercial woods, in their order of apparent abundance, are: 1. Apitong. 7. Mangasinoro, including 2. Red lauan. kalunti. 8. White lauan, including al- 8. Palosapis, or mayapis. mon. 9. Mangachapuy, or daling- 4. Tanguile. dingan. 5. Guijo. 10. Narig. 6. Yacal. APITONG This is the wood furnished by any and all species of Diptero- carpus. That from Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco seems to have been the one first recorded under this name. Commercially, it seems to be impossible to distinguish among the different speciés, when one is handling logs or converted timber. The species furnishing the wood apitong are the following of the genus Dipterocarpus: . obconicus Foxw. . cuneatus Foxw. . warburgii Brandis. . speciosus Brandis. basilanicus Foxw. grandiflorus Blanco. philippinensis Foxw. . orbicularis Foxw. ' Dipterocarpus pilosus Roxb. . affinis Brandis. . trinervis Blume. . gracilis Blume. . hasseltti Blume. vernicifluus Blanco. subalpinus Foxw. . caudatus Foxw. . perturbinatus Foxw. HoOdSsoysyd HSoSsysy Apitong is the most abundant wood in the Philippine Islands, apparently making up about 20 per cent of the volume of our commercial forests. RED LAUAN This is the name applied to the wood of a number of closely related species of Shorea, which have rather soft, reddish, usually rather coarse-grained wood. There are differences in color and grain among the different forms of red lauan. It is not so uniform in quality as apitong. Collectively, the different red lauans are more abundant than apitong, constituting about 21 per cent by volume of our forests. A very good red lauan, which has been exported to a considerable extent, is that furnished by Shorea negrosensis Foxw. Other species that furnish woods known as red lauan are: Shorea warburgii Gilg, S. squamata (Turcz.) Dyer, S. rugosa Heim, S. plagata Foxw., and possibly Parashorea plicata Brandis. xuc,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 165 WHITE LAUAN This name is applied to those lauans whose wood is not dis- tinctly red. It includes a considerable range in color from white through yellow and gray to pink. The best-known white lauan is furnished by Pentacme contorta (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe. Pen- tacme mindanensis Foxw. furnishes the same grade of wood. ALMON This is a white lauan, whose wood is very light in weight, coarse-grained, and of a light pink color. It is furnished by Shorea eximia (Miq.) Scheff. The wood of bagtican, Parashorea plicata Brandis, is slightly harder than the last. It is usually classed as a white lauan. Mangasinoro and kalunti are some- time classed as white lauans; they are here treated separately, however. Several other species of Shorea, which have pale yellow wood, are classed as white lauans or mangasinoro, ac- cording as their vessels are scattered or arranged in a reticulate pattern. Some of these are: Shorea malaanonan (Blanco) Blume, S. polita Vid., and S. pallida Foxw. Collectively, the white lauans rank third in order of abundance of all the Philippine woods. They constitute about 17 per cent of the volume of our forests. TANGUILE This wood is harder and finer-grained than red lauan, which - it very much resembles. It is furnished by Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr. and, probably also, by S. warburgii Gilg. A closely related form which usually passes for tanguile is tiaong, S. teysmanniana Dyer. It is usually lighter colored and straight- er-grained than S. polysperma, but the difference is exceedingly slight. Tanguile is the fourth most abundant Philippine wood. It makes up about 7 per cent of the volume of the forests. GUIJO This wood is furnished by Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume and by one or more undetermined species of Shorea. It is our fifth most abundant wood and makes up about 5 per cent of the volume of the forest. YACAL This name was first recorded for the wood of Hopea plagata (Blanco) Vid. The woods of other species of this and other genera, which seem to be identical in structure and durability, 164 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 The commercial woods, in their order of apparent abundance, are: 1. Apitong. 7. Mangasinoro, including 2. Red lauan. kalunti. 8. White lauan, including al- 8. Palosapis, or mayapis. mon. 9. Mangachapuy, or daling- 4, Tanguile. dingan. 5. Guijo. 10. Narig. 6. Yacal. APITONG This is the wood furnished by any and all species of Diptero- carpus. That from Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco seems to have been the one first recorded under this name. Commercially, it seems to be impossible to distinguish among the different speciés, when one is handling logs or converted timber. The species furnishing the wood apitong are the following of the genus Dipterocarpus: . obconicus Foxw. . cuneatus Foxw. . warburgii Brandis. . speciosus Brandis. basilanicus Foxw. grandiflorus Blanco. philippinensis Foxw. . orbicularis Foxw. _Dipterocarpus pilosus Roxb. . affinis Brandis. trinervis Blume. . gracilis Blume. . hasseltii Blume. . vernicifluus Blanco. subalpinus Foxw. . caudatus Foxw. . perturbinatus Foxw. boSossoyyd bdSdsoysyoss Apitong is the most abundant wood in the Philippine Islands, apparently making up about 20 per cent of the volume of our commercial forests. RED LAUAN This is the name applied to the wood of a number of closely related species of Shorea, which have rather soft, reddish, usually rather coarse-grained wood. There are differences in color and grain among the different forms of red lauan. It is not so uniform in quality as apitong. Collectively, the different red lauans are more abundant than apitong, constituting about 21 per cent by volume of our forests. A very good red lauan, which has been exported to a considerable extent, is that furnished by Shorea negrosensis Foxw. Other species that furnish woods known as red lauan are: Shorea warburgii Gilg, S. squamata (Turez.) Dyer, S. rugosa Heim, S. plagata Foxw., and possibly Parashorea plicata Brandis. xuic,8 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 165 WHITE LAUAN This name is applied to those lauans whose wood is not dis- tinctly red. It includes a considerable range in color from white through yellow and gray to pink. The best-known white lauan is furnished by Pentacme contorta (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe. Pen- tacme mindanensis Foxw. furnishes the same grade of wood. ALMON This is a white lauan, whose wood is very light in weight, coarse-grained, and of a light pink color. It is furnished by Shorea eximia (Miq.) Scheff. The wood of bagtican, Parashorea plicata Brandis, is slightly harder than the last. It is usually classed as a white lauan. Mangasinoro and kalunti are some- time classed as white lauans; they are here treated separately, however. Several other species of Shorea, which have pale yellow wood, are classed as white lauans or mangasinoro, ac- cording as their vessels are scattered or arranged in a reticulate pattern. Some of these are: Shorea malaanonan (Blanco) Blume, S. polita Vid., and S. pallida Foxw. Collectively, the white lauans rank third in order of abundance of all the Philippine woods. They constitute about 17 per cent of the volume of our forests. TANGUILE This wood is harder and finer-grained than red lauan, which _ it very much resembles. It is furnished by Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merr. and, probably also, by S. warburgii Gilg. A closely related form which usually passes for tanguile is tiaong, S. teysmanniana Dyer. It is usually lighter colored and straight- er-grained than S. polysperma, but the difference is exceedingly slight. Tanguile is the fourth most abundant Philippine wood. It makes up about 7 per cent of the volume of the forests. GUIJO This wood is furnished by Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume and by one or more undetermined species of Shorea. It is our fifth most abundant wood and makes up about 5 per cent of the volume of the forest. YACAL This name was first recorded for the wood of Hopea plagata (Blanco) Vid. The woods of other species of this and other genera, which seem to be identical in structure and durability, 166 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 are not distinguished from that of Hopea plagata and, like it, are known by the name of yacal. The name yacal is properly applied to any wood of this grade or to the tree that produces such wood. Species producing yacal are the following: Hopea plagata (Blanco.) Vid. Shorea balangeran (Korth.) H. foxworthyi Elmer, Dyer. H. odorata Roxb. S. ciliata King. H. malibato Foxw. S. astylosa Foxw. Balanocarpus cagayanensis S. malibato Foxw. Foxw. S. falciferoides Foxw. B. brachyptera Foxw. . S. scrobiculata Burck. Isoptera borneensis Scheff. It is thought that several other species belong here; but their identification is still in doubt. Yacal is the most valued of any of our dipterocarps. It is the sixth Philippine wood in order of abundance, making up about 3 per cent by volume of our forests. MANGASINORO This is a pale yellow, rather coarse-grained lauan, with the vessels arranged in a reticulate pattern. It is evident that the wood is the product of several species, whose identity is not understood. Kalunti is a rather poor grade of mangasinoro and is the product of Shorea mindanensis Foxw. Mangasinoro is the seventh in order of abundance of the Philippine woods and makes up something more than 2.5 per cent of the volume of the forest. PALOSAPIS, OR MAYAPIS This is furnished by the different species of the genus Anisop- . tera. They are: Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) BL, A. curtisii Dyer, A. brunnea Foxw., A. mindanensis Foxw., and another species, which has not yet been described. Palosapis seems to rank about tenth in order of abundance among Philippine woods and to make up about 1.5 per cent of the volume of the forests. MANGACHAPUY, OR DALINGDINGAN This is a wood lighter in weight and color and rather softer than yacal. It is sometimes quite difficult to determine whether a wood is a yacal or a dalingdingan. Usually the harder and finer-grained forms of dalingdingan are furnished by species that attain a rather small diameter. So far as known, all of our dalingdingans are furnished by species of H. opea. Some of these species are: Hopea acuminata Merr. H. philippinensis Dyer. H. basilanica Foxw. H. glutinosa Elmer. H. mindanensis Foxw. H. maquilingensis Foxw. H. pierrei Hance. XII, C, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II per cent of the volume of the forest. This is the name applied to all members of the genus Vatica. These are: NARIG Vatica mangachapoi Blanco. V. blancoana Elmer. V. obtusifolia Elmer. V. mindanensis Foxw. The members of this group are less gregarious in habit than V. sorsogonensis V. spp., including several un- Foxw. identified species. are the other members of the family. They are usually scat- tered through the forest and make up less than 0.5 per cent of the total volume. Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps. AESE eee Aes ; i ia a5 lt ee Local name. ee fe nb BOP Latin name. Trade name. Abuhungan -___..---- Bled ss Seas Shorea polysperma ___.....-.-.-- Tanguile Adumoy sss c: .| Visayan isi: 2252 Shorea polysperma. -_____-.------ Tanguile. Balagayan.--_...---.. eT a te Seperate MRR G2 25053 3 oe eee Do. | Balag bag... 552252553 Cagayatiecs 235.0. Pentacme contorta__......--.--..| White lauan. Baleo. ok sk. Visayan (Negros)---.| Anisoptera curtisii______________ Palosapis. 1 ORE ay etre ROR Visayan (Samar). ___. Anisoptera mindanensis _______- Do. Ws aed Moro, Manobo -_______ Dipterocarpus affinis._________.- Apitong. Decisis tees, Tagalo, Manobo -___-- Dipterocarpus grandiflorus -___- | Do. |S pean eR ES VISE cae eae Dipterocarpus subalpinus ______- Do. Mees Mantes Dipterocarpus pilosus.....--.--- Do. Do. ons) CRBDOCARO CW. oc aes Dipterocarpus vernicifluus_____. Do. Balimbokbok --_-__---. ba Le Se aneene Sun ecn Vatica mangachapoi ___.-_-_---- Narig. Baliuisiui -| Pangasinan _._______- Shorea malaanonan -..-.-------- White lauan, Babians oo i Bales oo ocecs ac Shorea polysperma _________--_-. Tanguile. Ranehié.5 235i... MOD ssa ee Vatica mangachapoi -____--_----- Narig. Banineat oo. ei, Cageyen soos a Hopea acuminata ___.....--...-.- Dalingdingan. PODIG: oy ck eee RC es ee Vatica mangachapoi _.._...___-- Narig. Beanie... coh ete ie ae ane tetera Gee Ae ee aera eee Do. Banutan.2.25.2...... cea fee one ees Hopea plagata -___- .---| Yacal, Barosingsing --_.___- Ilocano mokeR anaes Hopea acuminata___...-----____. Dalingdingan. Bayocan..... 225-2226 ENGR Sa acs. case as Pentacme tontorta. 220222225 2.2 White lauan. Bayucan. a a Parashorea plicata______._._____. Do. ba” RNs EMER ESE RE NG oss in pace es on Shorea squamata... ons. Red lauan. Daye as Maen. 2.3 Dipterocarpus affinis ____________ Apitong. Bete 20.22 TOCA (55555355025 - Hopea plagata _._- 2.2.2.2... Yacal. D6n i EGR neo Sota Fos Shorea teysmanniana.__._._.___- Tanguile. OR a a oe WO oe sa a SROVOG- QUABO 5 oie ees cs Guijo. BiMsHoGn 2500 (. * epp oe eres Parashorea plicata_.__.......___. White lauan. Binaliuwan._-__.....-|-..... G0 205 so enue enel ovens ee ec are pe hoe a, Do. Bofigonan _______.___ Visayan (Samar) --_-_. Vatica mangachapoi____________. Narig. bas eae TORAO.... nano Shorea eximia -__.......-..-....- Almon. Bonne... Manobo... . 0.250545 Shorea balangeran.______________ Yacal. Cetiaite ecco. cou h ick AG rs eco eas Shorea squamata ..___._......... Red lauan. LL Tae ee ene BORO oc oceans Ra ssa in eae O na eta in Do. ba BL ae se Pa ag Minoho. 220 oo Shorea negrosensis_____..._______ Do. f Camuyao -__.________. Cagayan... 2... 2. is Dipterocarpus affinis ____________ Apitong. Os 8 Se ae See Dipterocarpus warburgii________ Do. ee PR eo a a Dipterocarpus pilosus ______.____ Do. eo ee BP cepa sei Dipterocarpus vernicifluus _____. Do. Ca bg eee Shorea pallida co... cc White lauan. Caleg: 2... 0050222 Wawale 36.501. 5.5. 5... Vatica mangachapoi_____________ Narig. xuic,s Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 169 Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps—Continued. Dialect, i Local name. et need Agog gee g Latin name. Trade name 1 Gevibtinciiece ice. Kalings 26.02. 0-+- SROTER: GUANO coo in cba en case Guijo. Ontigentincca 0s. s .c- ORIG ss cai dew ana: Vatica mangachapoi-.._...-.----. Narig. Ogiibaatic. .2 22. 5 fosoce ieee kel ek, Hopea philippinensis _._...--.--- Dalingdingan Ghayny ch eekis 3.4 ..2 Visayan. ...2.c......- Shorea negrosensis____...-------- Red lauan. Ge er ee Visayan (Bohol) -_--_- Shorea squamata ......-.-------- Do. Wales ocscielic. 2... DRO on cicaetuge~in= Honea HiervvA ois: scenes Dalingdingan AR cates UL Sia ia ee Vatica mangachapoi.._......----| Narig. DAGANE oases... Ph ag ai Anisoptera curtisti _...---.------ Palosapis. Sie GSO Ss pe a Tagalo, Bicol ....-..-- Anisoptera thurifera ........-._- Do. Dagang na puti-_---__- REBMNG Boo. on oe de tye enn sa Frain aetna es ork ere ye ees Do. Dasa =< 5. = _-.|----3 OG ccc ie scnek- pial aa as ees ada etc Do. Dalingdingan -_-.__--_|----- Ci (AE eee aaa a Hopea acuminata_-___-.-.-..----- Dalingdingan SRE ee ae Seeley ce ees Hopea basilanica _.........------ — Do. Gi ons ee TAREG oct eee Hopea glutinosa ___._-...-------- * Do. Desi s. 2 = + Ge orcne ak Oe Hopea. pierre... .. =... 5-5. Do. Dalingdingan isak___|----- Oona cans , Se Beer ee es ae -_ Do. Dakulemes.< <<. ...<25 BCG ice ee ein nas id SROrO6 OPIN 6053 swe cu se Almon. Damulalian.__._____- Cagayan icc. cti eons Dipterocarpus grandiflorus._.._. Apitong. Dateien 2255.2. 22 Mange coo ss.55 ooo Shorea squamata -____-...---.---- Red lauan. Damilang-_.-____.--- Cagtiyan. cx... 222oscen Shorea negrosensis.___...---.---- Do. DOs niece SANG ssa na ee Shorea polysperma._._-...--.---- Tanguile. Dang) nscwetee cs Rita) ie Vatica mangachapoi -.......---- Narig. Danze acc Tagalo. se sieee 5 coals. 20 ws Free neg Aen inde ere gort a oere Do. Dasiglog cites Visayan Pent CONBOTIO. 55 ce doce White lauan. Danligwcases dodo i ee ee ae Parashorea plicata_____...-...--- Do. DG Visayan, Tagalo_.....| Pentaeme contorta_____.___-.---- Do. i ptt. st MRO pesto coco nas as Shorea Li Do. ieee cic) SAUNAS... .--..-.--.) Shorea pallida 223... seco 2. Do. 5, ee Gate es PePEDOE coc. Shorea squamata__._____-.-_---_- Do. Danlig mayapis --_-_-__- MUONS ko ce reds cant Shorea eximia ._._....--....-..... Almon. Danlig sc UNI ee eae Se SOWA PON White lauan. Danlig tabac ______-_- EMCO ihe ck Shorea squamata _____.------.--- Red lauan. Danligccueug ys. --.. Visayan (Capiz) -...-. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus _..- Apitong. Der sireeen i... Man0bG ys. 24 Pentacme contorta__.-......--.-- White lauan. pr ee eo ee SIN CRTNGO cine cin eases Dipterocarpus grandiflorus -____. Apitong. DGGH lence ss. Cagayan: Dipterocarpus vernicifluus-.___- Do. Dungon ..| Manobo......._- Shorea balangeran______..-_---_- Yacal. DdGgeee eee ee. TWOCSNO oe Anisoptera thurifera _______. ____ Palosapis. SRS a eee TARE covdc nde sces SHOPOG CUAN0 so eerie ck Guijo. Pet | Bie SMet eaagr apreeeiemmuagel Penyrin BD Saeed eee Do. oo ns |e ees Pie glee CE a eee nie Do. = fo ae re emeaiaiees ie ROU hc lrrtininedvesrateea Shorea squamata_._.....--...-.-- Red lauan. Guijo amarillo. _____.|----- 190 eke wth cc tes Shorea malibato.__.'...--.-------- Yacal. ne. eee SEI ool cnc Seeredt ghee oc aces Guijo. Geitg08 i6 5008 ss. Bg a. peneegeaman nero Hopea philippinensis__........-- Dalingdingan. j 8 emer tes yaar Bicol, Visayan, Moro -| Hopea plagata Yacal. Dipiiicieks case Mahobo....55.is sc Shorea astyloea <<... ..-o.-...... Do. DO cecpcte os BCG Wc nae ene Shorea balangeran_...........--- Do. DO ie as Visayan, Moro, | Shorea guiso ____.__..--..-.-..---| Guijo. Manobo. Guisoc amarillo. Bicol Shorea balangeran-_._-..--------- Yacal. Guisoc bayasuason --|-_--- do “= do. Do. 170 | The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps—Continued. Trade name. Local name. D aaleet, peovines, 2 Latin name. Guisoc guisoe -____--- Visayat 122.0 8825S Hopea philippinensis_..... DouwiFEbs scozsac Bicol scscssele Shorea balangeran...........---- Guisoc-madlao -..-.. Vien pant 2500 2 sie ey GOyacasveuvcsees Sits tendon ces DOiss Sos Sco ce hee 60 2222.2 VAUOG. GD snatinnida avi tece ses Guisoc-riga-madlao-_-|.-...do ._-.__-.._..__-- Hopea, ovalifolia 22: 522... Guisoc-1iga-salngan -|___-- G0 seers Re Hopea philippinensis _......-..- Guisoc-pula _._.--... Bicol sAccesc ss Shorea polysperma._.......-.---- Guisoc-tacpang -_... Chabocano--_-___-___._- Isoptera borneensis .......-.----- Guyong ss. czczsce Hoeaho 3 2a Anisoptera thurifera ..........-- Gyam Tawi Tawi... <2 Hopea sp Hagachace -_....----=| Sibuyan ~ 2205-22 2cks Dipterocarpus grandiflorus_____- Oss sso: Papal. SA Dipterocarpus affinis -.......--.- Dovsiissicscess Bicol, Visayan__-_.._-- Dipterocarpus pilosus ____. Hapnit ied) sorte eS es Parashorea plicata__._...- Do. MOwiwwae coe Shorea polysperma.-_._...-------- Hil-lagasi -.........- Visaye@heoccvcsu2 asi} ccuee Oates ewe Swe ee Hinpagkaytan_-_-____- | Visayan (Samar) _____ Dipterocarpus grandiflorus...... Teak 232220 Ss. jaca Varies usenet Hopes glutinose 2222 532c25-.2-8 SNE ESR Sc sca3 Viteyen f25 Ss: Hopea plagat Saad Balinigth, ....sccs5c Hecand 25. 2s Vatica hapot Kalia-an - Manobo--_-_-___- Shorea sq ts cae Mahunti i20 . scoscz Chabocano-.__________- Shorea mindanensis .........---- Kalunti colorado --__-|_---- 00 weaset eed C1 ed ee ees re acme Kalliot fee oot Denkebo SSeS opea-a tis Soca Kamuyao-...._...... Gagayatii2s. Dipterocarpus vernicifluus _..__. Eri iw hcacs Ses poseas GO otk aS Dipteroearpus grandiflorus ....- Karig Chab Vatica mangachapoi_-.__.--....-- Lab llocano Se ee ee ee aa Lalian_ Tagalo. Dipterocarpus vernicifluus -....- Lamilaii oss. ccscexe Negrito do -Lanut Pangasinan ._________ Vatica gachapoi. 1 spitisel =. So ae Anisoptera thurifera ...____-.-_-| Do___......-.:...| Nueva Ecija..........| Dipterocarpus vernicifluus .._._. D6. SSS sccczas Pagalo.2 sos «...| Parashorea plicata D@iccieecccuce wfiote GOL coool ome contoritcic: =<... Dowds: 2.2. coscsaf Visayas 22 Shores 9ugesa 0 2255.2}. ee Laue-an 2225 5. scsccs) Tagalo..._-222..:....| Parashorea plicata:.2.5.2........ Lauan do Shorea mala Do. do Shorea te Lauan-anil -......... Zambales on oscececle Shorea polita Lauan-barik _._.. sacl Visayan woccewwecceclsl Parashorea plicata.._...........-| Lauan-colorad: do,..------- .-.--..| Shorea negr is Lauan-danlog _ ..do ...-| Parashorea plicat aS Coe eemeee Slee Cbxte3 woaelae ..--| Pentaeme contorta . Lauan-magsino. -....| Leyte___..............| Shorea squamata _._______..- as Lauan-mapula -do do | Lauan-pula_.. ..| Tagalo. dOnn. sees Lauan-puti____......| Ilocano _____--._-...._| Shorea malaa | Deut) Semele. .| Pentaeme contorta. Do. ceo Parashorea plicat: Letis -............---! Visayan ..............! Anisoptera thurifera Dalingdingan. Yacal. Do. Narig. Yacal. Dalingdingan. Tanguile. Yacai. Palosapis. Yacal. Apitong. 171 Trade name. xu1,c,s Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps—Continued. Local name. alee, prozines nagh Latin name. Lipus__.............., Visayan, Manobo...._ Dipterocarpus ver fi Lapetcegnce 3... Se oy as Uae Dipterocarpus affinis _..........- re AES a Visayan (Capiz) ____. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus.._.._ Lito Cagayan... 203.2... FOpOG Retr ei So een TAG oo ....s.| Negrito ..2....:.. .... Shorea malaanonan........_..... Do. wae Seatac les tke. Shored polite oS cane eT aes ae gc | a Oy ae Vatica mangachapoi .........__. Rate eo sc... MONO wu didekt ee. a Inc cain eureraies sate POs sae wigi Magaboung __....... MD itr Sakis a Shorea negrosensis............... Magasusu ______..__. ad oR AR BON Hopea mindanensis.............. Mago-orang _____..._ BOO CLs Shorea polysperma......... ...... Magasanoyo-..______ Mandben a6 Shorea squamata ........._.....- Malaanonan -_______. Tagale 2osi es Pentaeme contorta.............. Malaanonang..-_..__|_.__. MG: wisRawciisy Parashorea plicata.__............ as eas Rr ae 80 ssa ES Shorea malaanonan __.....*...... Se en Fas SD -wmewinstncwotkee DT OED oe eickcoucs SE eset Cie Ds er | gear ea po Yee ean Malaanonang pe beer Psa eae Parashorea plicata.........__.... pula. Mala-cacao ___.__.__. sa. ane ET Shorea squamata _. 2.2.2. -....... Malabalabang- -__.__ Dagny etn 24 cei MO cn crmuenatbbiupl eed ds ics Malacayan _._._..._. MON = erebdble cs Pentacme contorta _____...__..... | Donsidd Chab ..-| Shorea exi on rae . Malacayan blanco -___|---_.do --...-2......-. .| Pentacme mindanensis _______._. Malakayei ioc): Mba s Shores equamate ..22525. is... 4 Malaguiso .....______ go ange iNet CET Bem Shorea teysmanniana .____.___._. j= SSSA a lela Nara NE gee Shorea polysperma__.__...._-._-. Malagangao...._____|_____ do -_.........._...| Anisoptera curtisit_____.._.____- BrOrceg | Manoho. 0222252222 Shorea negrosensis..._........... weenpel aes | Tagalo 2c cosine Anisoptera curtisii ._.........___. ba Sire Dee 1 Ee aoa Osc awe dtu Dipterocarpus grandiflorus ..___ Satie eee | Ss GO pelaccencccaues Dipterocarpus vernicifluus __.__ f Mallee. OS asa oes Shorea polysperma.......... ....- Malasinoro __________ Saute tai eis bata Shorea squamata __. sec US = ae Peake hort emilee oa te Shorea negrosensis_..........____ _ tA aera aan PPT WR eens, Seta ics Sheree etienhs cc ES ESS ap aoa MO Sort uviaiiggie Pentacme contorta_____-_____._.. Malatagum......____|_____ Biwi eoa so Teepe eA ee Malebato _...._______ Marah Soc Hopea philippinensi: rhe | cs te pe EES ai do ----| Shorea balangeran..........----- aL Rene To aS et Mangyatt = 352 casas Hopea plagata . 2228. Matilog: Visayan (Negros) _...| Vatica mindanensis_.._.._______ Manneg sco Cab oissd cee Shorea polysperma__._.......--. Manapayog--________ Visayan - ae ste Manape 2-02. -| Tagalocscscceuiee: Anisoptera curtisii .......____.__ Mangarhatiey | <3.) - do oc coe Hopea maquilingensis . ______._- Dower so) Visayan Shorea eximi ici Desienceo ose Mees Shorea negrosensis___-._......... Do. _---| Chab Hopea forworthyi__..-.-.... .... Decca Thelen. oo aks, eel Hopea acuminata._._...........- Do. ..25e Tagalo, Visayan___...! Hopea pierrei_...............__-- The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps—Continued. Locol name. Parent Decent, -. Latin name. Trade name Mangasinoro ________ BOBO os Shorea negrosensis_______________ Red lauan. jt sates eal ames Chabocano___________- Shorea mindanensis _____ pe a Mangasinoro. Bs es gk ORR eaar esieer oo OP OR POLE. o3 co gow GS White lauan. pau oisy ee ene R? fant Rar Sa Pei ae SINOP OU GOWN i ce es ce Almon. } Des ee coe eae he Masbate. ogee Parashorea* PCIE ese White lauan. IGS. ast ea Weslo so Shorea malaanonan ae Saas Do. Mangatsapuy _______| Visayan _____________. Hopea glutinosa ____2__---.-..__. Dalingdingan. Manili. coc5c55 Wed a Shorea polysperma ___...__.____- Tanguile. Manlocoloco_ ________ ge Oe ee Oe a SOPOR COMER 23 oe ge Almon. Maquitarem_________ Bi@Oioe se go Hopea pierret oo oa i. Dalingdingan. 2 2 Pee eae Tagalo, Bicol _________ Hopea philippinensis ____ .__.____ Do. Mayapis. 3 Es Parashorea plicata _......______. White lauan. A 3 Stearns SOR Revie do __ A ptera thuriferd:...s. 2. Palosapis. DOs uate a eta Nod iet jcc Ss Dipterocarpus grandiflorus __.__ Apitong. DO ee Ges a Vatica mangachapoi ____________ Narig. Os ee Sh ai NGt coaster. Shorea sq oc teases oe Red lauan. DO cde ae Or Bag ec Shorea polysperma _____._.______ Tanguile. Mantolalina _________ Zamboanga___________ Dipterocarpus vernicifluus______ Apitong. Monare 2.555 =: Damaget Anisoptera curtisii ___________ »_.| Palosapis. PAOMCO occ go Visayan (Bohol) _____- Honea pldgata eas oe Yacal. Wraree Se Cagayan cS = Balanocarpus cagayanensis _____ Do. Narig.____ eS ere Tagale jou eke so Vata $0. 52 ah Narig. Owhsivan «3c 3c. Samar sess as oa Shorea squamata......____._..._. Red lauan. Pagacsan..2 0.0. BiCO) ap sway Hopea philippinensis.___________ Dalingdingan. Pagsahingin._______ ARIS ee Dipterocarpus hasseltii _________. Apitong. DS oe As fh ERAS THES ey Se aPeN, Dipterocarpus vernicifluus.____. Do. ao: \eobereaynee Semon NCeHe: WD: duseiniciens an Dipterocarpus grandiflorus ____. Do. Paihapy 06 (1 EL Ra Ree eee Anisoptera thurifera ______...__. Palosapis. Patna i532 Bigal toc Hopea philippinensis____________ Dalingdingan. Palanopang | Tagalo___.___.........| Dipterocarpus vernicifluus ______ Apitong. Palopapis.s 4-52 2. Pangasinan, Tagalo__| Anisoptera thurifera___________ Palosapis. Ree Bicol, Pangasinan__._| Anisoptera curtisii__.._________ Do. Pamalalian__________ Cayayen aie c 5 Dipterocarpus grandiflorus _____ Apitong. Di yf Sle eae Dipterocarpus vernicifluus______ Do. Pamantuling .__.____. Pangasinan, [locano._| Dipterocarpus grandiflorus _____ Do. pt eter OO recta Pangasinan _._....... Dipterocarpus vernicifiluus______ Do. Pamarnisen acs a8 ll Dipterocarpus grandifilorus _.___ Do. Pamasugan.__.._____ POOR ces, Sa wanticsas Shorea polysperma__.__________.. Tanguile. Pamayadasan _______ TOPEND ssi a cdtatee cc Shorea balangeran....._.--______. Yacal. Pamayawasen______. Bicol, Pengneleniin fen Bg EET ey ene MRR TE ae Do. Panalsalan __________ Bieol ossiwicssawa ok Dipterocarpus speciosus .._______ Apitong. PRBRO corre Pagalosswasicacidenits, Dipterocarpus vernicifluus.____. Do. Li) NAPE Se Oanees Sgt) 00. cca dascs Dipterocarpus hasseltii_.________ Do. OG a oe O05 oo on Sn wae caal Dipterocarpus grandiflorus ____. Do, Panungsognan ______ Bleol cessing Shorea polysperma.__....-____.__ Tanguile. Paralsalan__ do --.--.| Dipterocarpus cuneatus _________ Apitong. fo eer aes Pangasinan ___...._.. Shorea polysperma._....--__..__. Tanguile, Patsahingin _________ TANG 056 oo oir Dipterocarpus perturbinat Apitong. DOs sda Peds cc lod WO Sec ieaewias Dipterocarpus vernicifluus_____. Do. Pisac ....._ Cagay: SOO DUNT Sitar Boo Dalingdingan. Ia cage en Reem | ee DMOTES O09 soecst cet Guijo. PATO sca ee Tippee ple os Yacal, xmL¢, Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 173 Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps—Continued. « Local name. | stupagerie Pa = | Latin name. Trade name. | : ihc ape pee sss ‘ a POng0 i ince ss Visage 025 Hopea philippinensis -._...._.__. Dalingdingan. Pure te ok | eI Shorea squamata _.-...-........- Red lauan. PVE Se. | Pangasinan _____.___- Vatica mangachapoi __.-..-..__- Narig. Salabas abad ________ MGOGYSEN 6 oo ci open Serreic.. access cea Dalingdingan. Saimgen 620.25.5..... RINT oa oni Vatica mangachapoi-_____._...___- Narig. Salongsalongan -____- PRO Seca ek nin Sane GO sss cukia pee omenbetes Do. LOOT ES ee saan MMO oie city sae 5 Pentacme contorta ___._._......--- White lauan. Quebra hacha _______ Chabocano.__-__..__.- Hopea plagata ._......--.--..--.- | Yacal. Re a ss. - Vid Seen reena Shorea negrosensis___._____...__- | Red lauan. Bape co. eS PMaNObS 222.5. ies ie Fs aati pa alg eon aay DEE ES ee Do. Saplungan ----_______ | Paiele 2s 2. ce IOP OR DIOQGHE Foo on ocd Bs Yacal. aa ee eee Nieeano 2s ees SOV OR GUIIO Sos os che eck ce Guijo. BANOS seek Secs. CAgayYOR ooc5 i esksn phorea DOUG @ ooo cnn aess- 2. White lauan. j 9, et Ave ee Pease OO. Sep eoaloas POPU GUIDO oc cic tien dakeetes cis Guijo. Dg eho coses be Ue Beppe aneeiperomeaee 2 Shorea scrobiculata____.___.. ___- | Yacal. Salungan...... 022. DREGE oe Be Vatica mangachapoi ________-__- | Narig cit Seay ce ae Tewalos coco. cas Hope odorata «21. 0.22 ca Yacal. Bigwes << ou. cede Cagayatinuci csc Piepen plagdee 460 ois see Do. MNES... goes VISAYRR | oe Hopea acuminata____-...---.-_-- Dalingdingan. DOi 2 ee eee Sanat See Anisoptera brunnea ___---.------ Palosapis. Dent ey, 06 ee Se Anisoptera mindanensis________- Do. Db Visayan (Samar) --___- open Dierret csc nbscewes cbt Dalingdingan. Subisiig .25) cca. WiGAYOM ce a Hopea philippinensis.__.______-- Do. ¢ Sugéad 2c esc Visayan (Samar) _---- Hopes plete 222 Do. Tabak 3.33 ck ss Tagalo, Bicol ___-_--_- Shorea sq se a Red lauaa. Tabiguion __...______ Visayan (Samar) -_____ Shorea polysperma.__.--..------- Tanguile. APR oes) eS aaa Gee eeine Parashorea plicata___....-...---- White lauan. Taculao Mee oS Pentacme contorta____.._....---- Do. a) 2S a cee Fis ee ea ceees Hopea plagitas Yacal. TaeOhe 5 - nies: a, ee nee ed Sere Shored CUtWAG oo Ss cece Almon. RMOG. oo ec oe eGnven 8 Shorea warburgii _____._.....---- Tanguile. Taming-taming-din- | Moro _________________ Hopea philippinensis ______._____. Dalingdiagan. da. Tamparassa_________ Maries 622-528... OTE CEVA oo. cee ae Almon. Tampassuk __________ ORO a cee Vatica mangachapoi .___._._---. Narig. ey pain epee i ger ih ny Bea Shorea polysperma..........------ Tanguile. pe oe eee Cagayan As. Shorea teysmanniana___.___...- Do. es oa ee ene, Bicol, Visayan________ Vatica mangachapoi .......-__-- Narig. Tc ps | EO ea Shorea teysmanniana___________- Tanguile. imOny Poti. es Oe ee Shorea pallida - 2206 Keke White lauan. i ee Sls Manic Shorea squamata..__......------- Red lauan. hat OU ES gem enh Pangasinan -__________ Vatica mangachapoi .......-..-- Narig. Tomotogani__________ OREO. oss e ae Shorea polysperma.......-------- Tanguile. ui gs | emia Gs ab oa Bie ee G0 222 Sie es Saeed cee Do. PANO oct ad: Manobe: . 3 u52 crise Shorea negrosensis ....-.--------- Red lauan PO ei a CO ra ce. Shorea squamata_._..-.-.---.---- Do. Ugahayan __________ Visayan (Samar) ____- Shorea 70mg oe Almon. De ser OSS Shorea squamata____...---------- Red lauan. | Nemmalsgus i css. aay Tagalog ee Hopes plagittn 2221. 2202 25. Yacal. i Doce Chabocano-___________- Shorea metyloee <.-. Do. pe Tagalo, Bicol .__..____ Shorea balangeran.........------ Do. 174 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Local names of Philippine Dipterocarps—Continued. | Local name. | D ache +2 ata a Latin name. Trade name. 1) SE eiee eae | hageilic. 20 ven oe Hopea acuminata____.......----- Dalingdingan. Deo) io oe Basilan 2 Se So open tastlamen:: 3s eeee: Yacal. Wo. 2. ep haboeind a Hopea foxworthyi......-..--.-.-- Do. Dees a pores: Pavel te wnorea citaltd.. 2522 osnt ha Do. OG oo SoS Ie oe eee Shorea serobiculata _.._..-..---- Do. Bi eet os Chabocane:s:.52252535 Hopea ovalifolia ___-_-__ : Do Yacal Dlance:: js teacss Pr rr geben a> Sek eae a Shorea balangeran__.._....._.--- Do DO sei ee: Tagalo. 2306002832: Vatica mangachapoi .__._.-..__- Narig. YXambates g25: coc) Zampalee Soo Se OROTEG S00 Scat ee 5S Guijo. Do. ep Pepesinan: 2035 Shorea balangeran_____-----. ---- Yacal. Yamban Philitene- + Hocano :--.. coe seees once MG scocstrousy casa ee Do. Yamban 900 3500 nic-> MG Secs eces sues se GOscrcziccn set eres Cas Do. Yamban matabia ____| Zambales _____________ Shorea falciferoides___._........- Do. Yamban molato_____- Boca xa: eS Shorea balangeran_____._......._- Do. The local names here given have been taken from collectors’ notes, as found with herbarium specimens. In spite of the ex- tensive field work that has been done during the past fifteen years, a number of forms that are locally of some Kcapempee remain but little understood botanically. The most important of these is mangasinoro, which is a widely distributed lauan. It seems to be produced by more than one species of Shorea, but we lack flowering and fruiting material sufficient for its identification. Kalliot and yamban seem to be of importance locally, but are not well understood. They seem to include guijos, dalingdingans, and yacals and are found in Zambales, Pangasinan and La Union Provinces, Luzon. A con- siderable amount of additional collecting is needed to straighten out these names. A certain amount of confusion is caused by the ‘duplication of names in different regions. Thus mayapis, which seems to have been the best-known name for Anisoptera thurifera in Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales Provinces and in parts of Rizal and Bataan Provinces, is the name applied to Shorea squamata in the rain forest of northern Laguna Province and in a part of Tayabas Province. The two species are very distinct in appearance, struc- ture, uses, and habitat. Anisoptera thurifera is also known through a part of its range as palosapis, and the largest part of the wood to reach the Manila market during the past six years has come in under this name. xu¢c,s Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 175 Key to the Philippine genera of Dipterocarpaceae. a’. Lobes of fruiting calyx usually shorter than fruit and not extending beyond it. : b*. Calyx-lobes round and recurved; stamens 30 to 60............ 7. Isoptera. b*. Calyx-lobes not as above; stamens 10 or 15................ 8. Balanocarpus. a’. Lobes of fruiting calyx longer than fruit. b*, Calyx-tube enclosing fruit; two lobes expanding into long wings. ce’. Stipules large, amplexicaul, calyx-tube free; stamens 8; style ance ae Ei See leona : 1. Dipterocarpus. e. Stipules small, deciduous, fruit connate with calyx-tube stamens MO Pe OOF. ALVIG *BNOT Gost ee 2. Anisoptera. b*. Calyx-tube not enclosing fruit. Sean with five long wingsiiciss. 20a 6. Parashorea. ce. Fruit with three long wings. d*. Anthers with five pointed appendages........................ 4, Pentacme. d@. Anthers with less than five appendages........................ 5. Shorea. e. Fruit with two long wings. d’. Calyx imbricate in bud..........2........------..0- ... 8. Hopea. @, Calyx valvate in bud 9. Vatica. 1. DIPTEROCARPUS Gaertner f. The members of this genus are rather uniform in habit but occupy a tolerably wide range of habitats. Some forms, as Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco, are often found on rather exposed forested ridges; while others, such as D. pilosus Roxb., are characteristically found in moist lowland forests. The wood is very uniform in structure and is known in the market as apitong. It is the most abundant Philippine timber, making up about 17 per cent by volume of our forests. Since the publication of my previous paper we have found representatives of all of the sections of the genus, as arranged by Dyer, except the section Plicati, which has not yet been found in the Islands. At the present time about seventy-five species are known in the genus, seventeen of which are known from the Philippines. Six of the Philippine species are known from outside the Archi- pelago. These are Dipterocarpus pilosus Roxb., known from Burma, the Andamans, Sumatra, and Bangka; D. trinervis Blume, from Java; D. gracilis Blume, from Java; D. hasseltii Blume, from Malacca, Sumatra, and Java; D. grandiflorus Blanco, from the Malay Peninsula, Bangka, and Borneo; and D. orbicularis Foxw., from British North Borneo. Key to the Philippine species of Dipterocarpus. a’. Fruit not angled, usually globose (§ Sphaerales Dyer). b*. Leaves small (10 to 13 em long, 2 to 3.5 cm broad), narrow, long- caudate-acuminate 8. D. caudatus. b*. Leaves larger, not long-caudate-acuminate. c’. Fruit less than 2 cm in diameter. 176 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ¢. Lenvetoand: bade: Ratry.:cccn cee Sk 6. D. vernicifluus. d*. Leaves and buds glabrous or nearly so. e’. Fruit 9 to 13 mm in diameter, short wings of fruit not ex- POUCA OF ee in i iceenns 7. D. subalpinus. e’. Fruit 1 to 2 cm in diameter, short wings of fruit usually expanaéd or reliecds 5. D. hasseltii. e’. Fruit more than 2 cm in diameter. d'. Fruit obconical or top-shaped. © LGR VOM OURO oooh oss chee ee 10. D. obconicus. e*, Leaves and buds glabrous. f’. Leaf-base rounded ......................... 9. D. perturbinatus. f. Leaf-base cuneate ne 11. D. cuneatus. @. Fruit globose. e’. Leaves and young shoots brown-hairy. f’. Leaves long and narrow, membranaceous or chartaceous. 2. D. affinis f’. Leaves broader, usually coriaceous............-.-..-0.... 1. D. pilosus. e’. Leaves and young shoots not brown hairy. f’. Secondary nerves 10 to 12 pairs 4. D. gracilis. f’. Secondary nerves 16 to 20 pairs 8. D. trinervis. a. Fruit round at base with 5 rounded tubercles or shoulders above (§ Tuberculati Dyer) 12. D. warburgii. a’, Fruit 5-angled or 5-winged (§§ Angulati and Alati). b*. Leaves orbicular ....................... ‘ 17. D. orbicularis. b*. Leaves not orbicular. ce’. Fruit very heavy and woody, 3 cm or more in diameter. 13. D. speciosus. ce’. Fruit not as above. d’. Leaves glabrous, fruit membranous-winged.. 15. D. grandiflorus. d’. Leaves pubescent. e’. Leaves 6 to 11 cm long; wings or ridges woody. 14. D. basilanicus. e*. Leaves larger; fruit with membranaceous wings. 16. D. philippinensis. 4. DIPTEROCARPUS PILOSUS Roxb. Hagachac. This form is often found making up a large part of the stand in lowland forests in regions with relatively even rainfall. Its known distribution in the Philippines is: Luzon: Cagayan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal (?), Tayabas, Camarines. Po.iLuo. MARINDUQUE. MINDoRO. SAMAR. LEYTE. NEGROS (?). MinpANao: Bu- tuan, Davao, Zamboanga. 2, DIPTEROCARPUS AFFINIS Brandis. Camuyao (Cag.), hagachac (Tag.), liput (Manobo). This species is very much like the last and seems to have a more re- stricted range. Luzon: Cagayan, Tayabas, Camarines. Ticao. . MINDANAO: Agusan, Zamboanga. 3. DIPTEROCARPUS TRINERVIS Blume. Apitong (Palawan). PALAWAN. The species is not known from any other locality in the Philippines. xui¢c,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 177 4. DIPTEROCARPUS GRACILIS Blume. Anahaun, apitong (Tag.). Luzon, Camarines Province. MINporo. This species is not known from any other locality in the Philippines. 5. DIPTEROCARPUS HASSELTII Blume. Panao, pagsahingan (Tag.). Luzon, Nueva Ecija and Laguna Provinces. NBEGROS. MINDANAO, Zam- boanga. 6. DIPTEROCARPUS VERNICIFLUUS Blanco. Panao, apitong, pagsahin- gan (Tag.), kamuyao (Cag.), malpaho (Pol.). Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. POoLILLO. MARINDUQUE. MINpOoRO. LEYTE. PALAWAN. MINDANAO: Agusan (?), Surigao, Davao, Cotabato, Zamboanga. 7. DIPTEROCARPUS SUBALPINUS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1950. Balaouw (Agusan). MINDANAO, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 23837, 22007 Villamil, For. Bur. 22761 Nave; Agusan Province. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18487 McGregor. This species differs from Dipterocarpus vernicifluus in its more glabrous leaves and buds and generally smaller leaves, and from D. hasseltii in the smaller leaves and fruit and greater number of secondary veins. The three short wings of the fruit are also shorter than the similar wings in D. hasseltti and are not expanded nor reflexed as is the case in that species. 8. DIPTEROCARPUS CAUDATUS sp. nov. Apitong (Tag. and Bicol). Arbor magna. Folia longe caudato-acuminata, 9 ad 13 cm longa, 2.5 cm lata, glabra; nervis secundariis circa 10; petiolo 1.1 ad 1.5 cm longo. Fructus globosus. This form is distinct by its small-sized, long-caudate-acuminate leaves, which are glabrous, elliptic, cuneate at base, 9 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide; the long-caudate acumen about 1.5 em long; secondary veins are about 10 pairs; petiole 1.1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules linear, ferruginous-pilose. Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21198 Alvarez, March 28, 1914 (type); Albay Province, For. Bur. 10607, 10610 Curran, 1908. Very old and very young fruits picked up under the tree show this to belong to the section Sphaerales, and the leaves are sufficiently distinct to warrant its description as a new species. 9. DIPTEROCARPUS PERTURBINATUS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia elliptica, glabra, coriacea, a basi cuneata vel rotundata, 6.5 ad 11 cm longa, 4 ad 6.5 cm. lata; petiolo 2.5 ad 3.5 cm longo. Fructus turbinatus, 2.5 ad 3.5 em diametro: Calycis segmentis 2 majoribus oblongis, 11 ad 13 em longis, 3 cm latis. A large tree, with glabrous leaves and twigs and turbinate fruits. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, acute or slightly acuminate at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, margins crenate, 6.5 to 11 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide; petiole 2.5 to 3.5 cm long; secondary veins about 10 pairs. Fruit 2.5 to 3.5 em in diameter, 178 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 distinctly turbinate. Wings 11 to 13 cm long, 3 em wide, with three principal longitudinal veins and numerous irregularly branched lateral veins. The short wings are very inconspicuous enlargements of the rim of the calyx-tube. . Luzon, Tayabas Province, Pagbilao, For. Bur. 23841 F. Manuel, August 6, 1914 (type). Said to be known locally as apitong. This plant was represented by fragmeriary material collected by Mr. H. M. Curran in Sorsogon Province, Luzon, in 1909. It was mentioned by me in 1911,‘ but it was not until 1914 that enough material was obtained for a full diagnosis. The following are referred here: Luzon, Laguna Province, For. Bur. 8864, 10074, 19261 Curran: Tayabas Province, For. Bur. s. n., For. Bur. 8223 Hagger, For. Bur. 6045 Kobbe, For. Bur. 12500 Rosenbluth: Albay Province, Cuming 881: Sorsogon Province, For Bur. 10564 Curran. This species seems to be fairly common in dense forests on low ridges in some parts of Tayabas Province. 10. DIPTEROCARPUS OBCONICUS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1951. The leaf-form, venation, and hairiness of buds correspond very closely to those of Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume, as figured in Fl. Javae, t. 5.° It is characterized by its fruit which has an obconical base. MINDANAO, Agusan Province, Cabadbaran, Elmer 13498, August, 1912 (type), at 230 meters elevation. 11. DIPTEROCARPUS CUNEATUS sp. nov. Arbor magna, D. obconico similis sed glabra, petiolo longiore et calycis segmentis longioribus. Closely related to D. obconicus Foxw., but differing from that species by being glabrous, by having more slender and longer petioles, and by the narrower and longer fruit-wings. A large tree. Leaves elliptic, glabrous, 6 to 12 cm long, 2.9 to 7 cm wide, abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, margin crenu- late and slightly inrolled, glabrous throughout. Secondary veins 10 to 14 pairs. Petioles 16 to 32 mm long, slender. Buds glabrous, elongate. Fruit obconic 22 to 23 mm long, 16 to 18 mm in diameter. Long wings oblanceolate, 11 to 18 em long, 2 to 2.5 em wide. Three principal longitudinal veins and numerous oblique and transverse veins. _ Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Sanot, For. Bur. 21469 Alvarez, May 24, 1914 (type). Common name, panalsalan. 12, DIPTEROCARPUS WARBURGI! Brandis; Foxworthy in Leafi. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1952. Balaow (Manobo). MINDANAO, Agusan and Davao. Luzon, Cagayan Province. 13. DIPTEROCARPUS SPECIOSUS Brandis. This species is sufficiently variable in its fruit to permit of its being sg Bs tea ie *Phil. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 247, t. 39. xuL¢,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 179 considered as sometimes in the: section Angulati and sometimes in the section Alati, Luzon: Tayabas, Camarines, and Albay Provinces. NEGROS. BASILAN. 14. DIPTEROCARPUS BASILANICUS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia chartacea, elliptica, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis secundariis utrinque 13, tertiariis plurimis, parallelis et reticulatis, obscuris, 6 ad 11 cm longa, 2 ad 5.5 cm lata, margine undulatis, subtus pubescentibus. Floribus ignotis. Fructus 5-angulatis, 15 ad 18 mm longis, aliis late linearibus, oblongus e basi 3-nervis, 7 ad 9 cm longis, 14 ad 21 mm latis. A tree 40 m tall and 50 em in diameter. Leaves and twigs finer than in most Philippine species. Leaves chartaceous, ellip- tic, with acuminate apex and cuneate base. Under side of leaves and young twigs pubescent. Terminal buds clothed with long. pilose, silky hairs. Secondary nerves about 13. Leaves 6 to 11 cm long and 2 to 5.5 em wide. Fruit 5-angled, 15 to 18 mm long and of about the same diameter. Angles of fruit more or less distinctly developed into wings, but thick and hard. BASILAN, Mount Basilan, at 500 to 600 meters elevation, For. Bur. 18895 Miranda, August 27, 1912 (type), For. Bur. 18896 Miranda, Bur. Sci. 16128 Reillo, August, 1912. The wood is said to be harder than that of ordinary apitong and is used for general construction. This species suggests a form referred to by King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 62* (1893) 99: “A Perak species (Herb. Scortechini mixed with No. 1478) represented by fruits something like those of D. fagineus Vesque, but with the calyx-tube winged, not angled.” It is evident that the relationship here must be very close, but identity is doubtful. This species is our only representative of the § Angulati. It seems noteworthy in that section in that the angles are developed until they resemble wings. It is most closely related to Dipterocarpus fagineus Vesque, of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, but differs from that species in having slightly smaller fruits, which are more sharply angled and with more scantily developed venation in the fruit wings. 15. DIPTEROCARPUS GRANDIFLORUS Blanco. Apitong. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Cama- rines, Albay. MINDORO. SIBUYAN. PANAy, Capiz. Necros. Samar. BI- LIRAN. PALAWAN. MINDANAO: Agusan, Misamis. 16. DIPTEROCARPUS PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Fructus alatus D. marginato Korth. similis sed minoribus. A large tree 30 m tall and 75 cm in diameter. Fruit winged, leaves of seedlings similar to those of D. vernicifluus Blanco. Mature leaf (picked up under the tree) ovate-lanceolate, acute, 180 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 base truncate, margin entire, 19 cm long, 11 to 12 cm wide, secondary nerves 18 pairs; tertiary nerves parallel and reticu- late, with stellate hairs; petiole 5 cm long. Young shoots and seedling leaves ferruginous-hairy exceedingly like the same parts in D. vernicifluus. Fruit much the size and shape of that of D. marginatus, but more constricted at the top and with ridges produced into membranaceous wings, as in D. grandiflorus Blanco. Fruit 3 to 3.5 em long and 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, the two long wings 15 to 17 cm long and 25 to 28 mm wide. Luzon, Bataan Province, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 12395 Curran & Merritt, August 1908 (type.) The type consists of three mature fruits, two young seedlings and one adult leaf, picked up under the parent tree. There has been but the one collection. As always, where the material is picked up under the tree, there is question of the accuracy of the diagnosis. However, the collectors were very careful and it has seemed desirable to give this collection a name. In 1911° I published a note concerning this apparently distinct form. 17. DIPTEROCARPUS ORBICULARIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Foliis suborbicularis vel obovatis, 9 ad 22 cm longis, 6 ad 11 cm latis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis vel rotundatis; nervis secondariis 9 ad 12; nervis tertiariis parallelis vel reticu- latis; pagina superiore glabra, inferiore pilosa. Fructus alatus, alae membranaceae. A large tree with brownish tomentum on twigs, petioles and underside of leaves. Leaves mostly suborbicular, some obovate, 9 to 12 cm long, 6 to 11 cm wide, with crenulate margins; apex shortly and very bluntly acuminate; base rounded or cuneate. Secondary nerves 9 to 12 pairs; tertiary veins parallel and reticu- late. Petioles 2.5 to 3.5 cm long. Twigs, buds, petioles, and margins of leaves densely clothed with long pilose hairs. Upper side of leaf glabrous, except for a few scattered hairs along the veins. Lower surface very thickly covered with large stellate hairs, many of which are set on the tertiary veins. The second- ary veins and midvein are clothed, for the most part, with pilose hairs. The secondary veins unite near the margin with a fine intramarginal vein, which is very much the same size as the tertiary veins and united with them. Fruit (immature) with membranous wings as in D. grandiflorus Blanco. Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21719 Pefias, Soriano and Abellanosa, April 26, 1914 (type). This form differs from all other known species of the genus by the orbicular or nearly orbicular leaves. There are found in the collections also the following sheets, which were * Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 253, t. $8. e.-- xcs Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 181 placed provisionally under Dipterocarpus speciosus Brandis: For. Bur. 10711 Curran, 1908 (with old fruit), For. Bur. 22646 Alvarez, 1911, For. Bur. 21737 Penas, Soriano & Abellanosa, 1914, For. Bur. 21216 Alvarez, 1914, All of these specimens were collected in Camarines Province and all were sterile, except Curran’s specimen, which had fruit picked up under the tree. These all have leaves very much larger and with a larger number of secondary veins than those of the type. They may well rep- resent another species; but, for the present, it seems well to place them under this. Villamil 44, collected in the southeastern part of British North Borneo in 1915, seems to belong with the form just mentioned. 2. ANISOPTERA Korthals Key to the Philippine species of Anisoptera @.. Leaves. brown, hairy. beneath oni. osc cccsccscticeesccsccees esos. 1. A. brunnea. a’. Leaves yellow beneath. b*. Leaves always distinctly gold-yellow beneath............... 2. A. curtis. b*. Only the young leaves golden-yellow beneath, mature leaves green beneath 3. A. sp. a’. Leaves green beneath. b*. Flowers white, 1 cm in diameter, in spreading erect panicles.. 5. A. mindanensis. b*. Flowers yellow, less than 1 cm in diameter, crowded in drooping panicles 4. A thurifera. 1. ANISOPTERA BRUNNEA Foxw. Afu. LuzoN: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. SAMAR. 2. ANISOPTERA CURTISII Dyer. Dagang. LuzON: Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines. Poti- LLO. NEGROS. 3. ANISOPTERA sp. This is the form which is apparently intermediate between Anisoptera thurifera and A. curtisii. It is known only from Bataan Province, Luzon. 4. ANISOPTERA THURIFERA (Blanco) Blume. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Nueva Viscaya, Pan- gasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Cama- rines, Albay. T1IcaAo. MINDORO. MASBATE. SIBUYAN. SAMAR. NEGROS. PANAY: Iloilo, Capiz. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. The commonest names for this species are mayapis, palosapis, and lauan. 5. ANISOPTERA MINDANENSIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia elliptica vel oblonga, chartacea, glabra; lamina 11.5 ad 14.5 cm longa, 5.7 ad 7 cm lata, nervis secundariis utrinque 16; petiolo 18 ad 20mm longo. Flores 1.5 cm diametro. Calycis segmenta valvata, lanceolata, pubescentia. Petala oblon- ga vel obovata, 10 mm longa, 6 mm lata. Stamina 25 ad 30, fila- mentis 0.38 mm longis, antheris 0.3 ad 0.6 mm, arista 2 ad 2.5 182 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 mm longa. Stylopodio vix constricto, 3.6 mm longo. Stylis 0.4 mm longis. A large tree. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, 11.5 to 14.5 cm long, 5.7 to 7 cm wide; secondary veins about 20 pairs, in the lower half of the leaf with a number of short intermediate veins; tertiary veins very prominent, retic- ulate. Secondary veins anastomosing near the margin, which is entire and slightly inrolled. Petiole 18 to 20 mm long. Flower clusters paniculate, apparently terminal and_ erect. Flowers white. Small branches of inflorescence stellate-pubes- cent. Pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, slender. Flowers spreading, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Calyx segments valvate, lanceolate, acute, pubescent on both surfaces, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide at the base. Petals oblong or obovate, 10 mm long, 6 mm wide. Stamens 25 to 30, filaments short, connective with very long appendage, 4 to 5 times as long as anther cells. Filaments about 0.3 mm long, anther cells 0.3 to 0.6 mm long, connective 2 to 2.5 mm long. Inner pair of anther cells much smaller than the outer. Stylopodium very large, almost cylindric, somewhat con- stricted just above the base and tapering at the top, about 3.5 mm long and 1.5 mm in diameter, deeply ridged, crowned by three short, slender styles, each about 0.4 mm long. Stylopodium pubescent for its whole length, very distinct in appearance from that of other species examined. MINDANAO, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 21899 Villamil, May 19, 1914 (type). For. Bur. 9871 and 9135 Whitford & Hutchinson, also collected in Zam- boanga Province, belong here, as does For. Bur. 23833 Villamil, collected in the same neighborhood as the type in May 1914. For Bur. 25937 Cortes, from Samar, June, 1916, seems also to belong here. 8. HOPEA Roxburgh This genus shows a very large percentage of endemism. Of the sixty- five species known in the genus, thirteen are found in the Philippines. Of these but three Hopea ovalifolia Boerl., West Borneo, H. pierrei Hance, and H. odorata Roxb., are known outside the Archipelago. Key to the Philippine species of Hopea. a’. Secondary veins few and prominent. b*, Leaves narrowly oblong, unilaterally unsymmetrical. c Leaves 10 to 15 em long, 2.2 to 7 em wide; calyx-wings less than 8 cm long. d'. Stipules long, semipersistent; calyx-wings 6 to 7.5 em long. 3. H. philippinensis. @. Stipules short; calyx-wings 3.5 to 4.3 cm long.. 1. H. basilanica. c’. Leaves larger; calyx-wings 8 cm or more in length. 2. H. mindanensis. NN xmi,c,s Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 183 b*, Leaves not narrowly oblong. c’,. Leaves broad, elliptic-oval 7. H. ovalifolia. c’, Leaves lanceolate to ovate lanceolate. d’. Leaves 3 to 6 cm long, with few (5 to 7) pairs of secondary WOIhE (AO... 6. H. sp.. (gyam). d. Leaves larger and with a greater number of veins. e’. Leaves long acuminate, without domatia. f’. Calyx-wings more than 3 cm long........ 9. H. maquilingensis. f?. Calyx-wings less than 3 cm long................... 8. H. acuminata. e’. Leaves not long acuminate, domatia prominent. f’. Fruit 5 to 6 mm in diameter; wings oblanceolate. 4. H. plagata. f?. Fruit up to 9 cm in diameter; wings broader, sometimes almost oblong 5. H. odorata. «’. Secondary veins not distant; leaves coriaceous, glabrous, with numerous indistinct and almost parallel secondary veins. b*. Leaves 8 to 12 cm long; calyx-wings 4.5 to 5 cm long.. 13. H. malibato. b*. Leaves and fruit smaller. c’. Fruit more than 1 cm long 12. H. glutinosa, c’. Fruit less than 1 em long. d2 Fruit reddish-brown; leaves with domatia.............10. H. pierrei. d’. Fruit greenish, leaves without domatia............ 11. H. foxworthyi. 1. HOPEA BASILANICA Foxw. BASILAN. 2. HOPEA MINDANENSIS Foxw. | MINDANAO, Zamboanga. 3. HOPEA PHILIPPINENSIS Dyer. Luzon: Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Necros. SAMAR. LEYTR. BILIRAN. MINDANAO: Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga. 4. HOPEA PLAGATA (Blanco) Vidal. LuzoN: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Panga- sinan, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Tayabas, Camarines, Sorsogon. MINpDoRO. TABLAS. BoHoLt. BASILAN. MINDANAO: Cotabato, Zamboanga. 5. HOPEA ODORATA Roxb. For. Bur. 25889, 26133, Borromeo and Alhambra, both collected in Ba- taan Province, Luzon, in July, 1916, seem to represent this species. The material is in fruit, which looks very much like the figure given by Kor- thals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 75, and also much like the fruit figured in Roxburg’s Pl. Coromandel 3 (1819) 7, t. 210. Vidal, in his Atlas (1883) t. 15, f. A 1-5, figures a form under the name of H. odorata. The leaves and flowers are said to have come from San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan Province, Luzon. The form figured seems to be H. plagata, in everything except the fruit, which is copied from Korthals’ figure. Hopea odorata occurs in Burma, Siam, genera, the Andamans, and Borneo. 6. HOPEA sp. (Gyam). TAWITAWI. 7. HOPEA OVALIFOLIA Boerl. MINDANAO: Zamboanga, Agusan. Luzon, Camarines. SAMAR. 8. HOPEA ACUMINATA Merr. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, La Union, Pangasinan, 184 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sor- sogon. Minporo. Leyte. MINDANAO: Misamis, Davao. 9. HOPEA MAQUILINGENSIS sp. nov. Arbor, H. acuminatae similis sed fructibus majoribus. A medium-sized or large tree. Leaves chartaceous, lanceolate- acuminate, glabrous above, except for occasional hairs on the midrib, paler and pubescent beneath, domatia in the axils of the lower veins, 5.5 to 9.5 cm long, 2 to 3.6 cm wide, rounded or subcuneate and slightly inequilateral at the base, secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs. Petiole 6 to 9 mm long. Young twigs slender, dark brown. Fruit conical, about 4 mm high and about 3 mm in diameter, surmounted by the 0.5 mm long style. Calyx-lobes densely gray-pubescent, the two long ones up to 5 cm long and 1 em wide, oblanceolate, pale green, with slight pubescence, prin- cipal longitudinal nerves about 7, transverse veins irregular and rather indistinct. Flowers in unilateral racemes and these in much branched panicles. Racemes 3 cm long or less, panicles 8 em long or less. Stamens 10. Anthers about 0.4 mm long, ap- pendage very slender, as long as the anther. Filament short and thick, 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide. Ovary cylindric, 0.7 mm in diameter, 0.8 to 0.9 mm high, gray-pubescent. Style pubescent, slender, dark brown, 0.3 mm long. Stylopodium none. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, For. Bur. s. n. Canacosa, August 1914 (type) For. Bur. 21988 and 22969 Cafacosa. This form is a smaller tree than Hopea acuminata and has a thinner, _ lighter, less deeply furrowed bark; the leaves are rather more pubescent on the underside, and the fruit is much larger. 10. HOPEA PIERRE! Hance. Luzon: Cagayan, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Laguna, Ta- yabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. PoLImLLo. MINpoRO. Necros. SAMAR. MINDANAO, Lanao. 11. HOPEA FOXWORTHY!I Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1469. SIBUYAN. MINDANAO, Zamboanga. This species differs from Hopea pierrei by its smaller leaves without domatia and its pale-greenish fruits. 12. HOPEA GLUTINOSA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1470. SipuyAN. Luzon, Laguna. PANay, Capiz. _ This is most closely related to Hopea pierrei, from which it differs by its larger, glutinous fruits. 13. HOPEA MALIBATO Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1918) 1953. MINDANAO, Agusan. This is most closely related to Hopea beccariana Burck, from which it differs in the greater size of the leaves and the fruits and in the greater number of veins on the larger fruit wings. It differs from Hopea pierrei ‘ xuL¢,38 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 185 Hance in the greater size of the leaves and the fruits and in the evident resinous coating of the upper part of the fruit. 4, PENTACME A. de Candolle Key to the Philippine species of Pentacme. a’. Leaves lanceolate, more than 15 cm long................... 1. P. mindanensts. a’. Leaves less than 15 cm long, ovate or oblong. b*. Leaves glabrous on both sides 2. P. contorta. b*. Leaves tomentose on under side................... 3. P. sp. (from Tayabas). 1. PENTACME MINDANENSIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Foliis et fructibus P. contortae similis sed majoribus. A large tree with oblong-lanceolate glabrous leaves, which are bluntly acuminate, with rounded bases, 19 to 29 cm long, 8 to 10 cm wide; secondary nerves 8 to 12 pairs. Petioles 2.5 to 4 em long. Flower clusters paniculate, terminal. Individual flowers on slightly obconical pedicels 1 to 2 mm long. Branches of the inflorescence stellate-pubescent. Pedicels and outside of calyx- lobes grayish pubescent. Inside of the calyx puberulous. Sepals imbricate, broadly elliptic, concave, 6 mm long, 5 to 6 mm wide, -with a fringe of coarser pubescence along the edge, and very faint longitudinal vein-like markings. Corolla spreading, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Petals grayish pubescent on the outside, yellow or brownish within, spreading after surpassing the sepals, obovate- elliptic, sometimes slightly retuse at the apex, narrowed to the base, 12 to 13 mm long, 4.5 to 6 mm wide, with about 15 longitu- dinal veins. Stamens fifteen, 8 mm long. Filament thick, 3.5 mm long 0.6 mm wide. Anther cells narrowly oblong, mucronate at apex, each anther with five mucronate appendages. Anther 4.5 mm long 0.8 mm wide. Appendages short, 0.5 to 1.0 mm long; anther-cells tapering to the apex. Ovary depressed- hemispheric, densely pubescent, 1.8 mm high, 2 mm in diameter, tapering abruptly into the long, cylindric, pubescent, faintly ridged style, which is 6.6 mm long and. 0.3 mm in diameter, slightly hollowed at apex. The fruit is pubescent, 3 cm long, 13 to 14 mm in diameter. The long wings are 7 to 8 cm long, 15 to 27 mm wide; the short wings 2.5 to 3 cm long, 6 to 7 mm wide; longitudinal veins 12 to 14, transverse veins numerous, distinct, oblique. MINDANAO, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 21898 Villamil, May 25, 1914 (type). Other collections referred to this species are: For. Bur. 18787, 18792 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Zamboanga, June 19, 1912; Mrs. Clemens 247, Lanao, Mindanao, February, 1905; For. Bur. 24327 Cortez & Fernandez, 186 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 For. Bur. 23881 Villamil, Naganaga, Zamboanga, Mindanao, May, 1914, in flower; For. Bur. 25193, 25210 Alvarez, Lanao, Mindanao; For. Bur. 4818 Hutchinson, Basilan, July, 1906 (in fruit); For. Bur. 22757 Nave, Olutanga Island, June, 1914, with immature fruit. The flowers of this species are very much like those of Pentacme con- torta, but are rather larger and have the ovary distinctly pubescent. It grows in much the same situations as P. contorta, and produces the same kind of wood. It is known in southern Mindanao as malacayan blanco. The large leaves and the rather large fruit are the characters by which the species is most readily recognized. 2. PENTACME CONTORTA (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Bontoc, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. PoLILLo. MARINDUQUE. MINDORO. MASBATE. SIBUYAN. SAMAR. NEGROS. BASILAN. MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga. 3. PENTACME sp. This is a very little known form, of which sterile material was once collected in Tayabas. It is not certain that it should go in this genus and will remain in doubt till more complete material is collected. 5. SHOREA Roxb. Of about one hundred species in this genus, twenty-one are known from the Philippines. These include several of our most important woods. Most red lauan and mangasinoro, all tanguile and guijo, and some kinds of yacals and white lauans are produced by species of Shorea. Collectively, the members of this genus produce at least 35 per cent by volume of the stand of our commercial forests. There is considerable variation in leaf, bark, and wood characters. Some of the species have been collected only in flower, others in fruit, and yet others only with sterile material. This has made it difficult to be sure of the specific identi- fication in a number of instances and has made it very difficult to prepare a key to the Philippine species. In a number of cases, it has not been practicable to refer collections to any particular species, and most of these cases have been left out of consideration in preparing the key. I have found it necessary to use wood characters for the main divisions of the key, in default of sufficiently sharp leaf differences. Key to the Philippine species of Shorea. a’, Wood very hard and heavy, dark-yellowish, or yellowish-brown. The yacals. b*. Leaves the same color on both surfaces............... 18. S. scrobiculata. b’. Leaves lighter colored beneath. c’, Leaves cuneate or subcuneate at base. ad’. Secondary nerves 8 or 9 pairs 2. S. ciliata. d@. Secondary nerves about 14 pairs 4. S. malibato. ce’, Leaves rounded at base. d’, Style very short or wanting. 3. S. astylosa. @. Style distinct. . e’. Leaves ovate-oblong 16 cm long, 7 cm wide.. 1. S. balangeran. e’, Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 8.5 to 12 em long, 3 to 6 cm wide 5. S. falciferoides. ; a j a xmL,¢,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 187 a’. Wood white to reddish, not very hard. b’. Leaves distinctly lighter-colored beneath. ce’. Leaves retuse at apex, coriaceous, almost glabrous beneath; wood soft, light-colored and coarse-grained. d’. Leaves 6 to 9 cm long, 2.5 to 4 em wide.................... 7. S. polita. d’. Leaves 6 to 12 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide........ 6. S. malaanonan. ec’. Leaves acute at apex, chartaceous, with grayish pubescence of stellate hairs beneath, wood hard, fine-grained, red. 11. S. sp. (pubescent guijo). b’. Leaves usually the same color on both surfaces. ce’. Stipules small and early deciduous. d’. Domatia usually conspicuous...20.220.2.00..- cece 20. S. plagata. d@. Domatia not conspicuous. e’. Leaf-bases usually cuneate; wood hard and pale red. 10. S. guiso. e’, Leaf-bases usually rounded or cordate. f’. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous or with scanty pubescence of . simple hairs. g’. Leaves lanceolate .... 05 000...... cn 15. S. polysperma. g°. Leaves broadly elliptic........0..0.00.00000000.... 16. S. warburgii. g’. Leaves broadly ovate...... 21. S. mindanensis. f°. Leaves chartaceous with pubescence of stellate hairs beneath. 8. S. philippinensis. c’. Stipules of some size, sometimes persistent, at least on young shoots. d’. Stipules broadly ovoid, acute or obtuse, thickly covered with stellate hairs. e’. Leaves large, copper-colored when dry............ 12. S. squamata. e’. Leaves small, pallid when dry....0.00...0..000000 00... 9. S. pallida. d’. Stipules lanceolate acuminate. e’. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, narrow, not prominently stellate- pubescent beneath; buds scurfy................ 17. S. teysmanniana. e’. Leaves elliptic or oblong, acuminate, prominently stellate- pubescent beneath. : f'. Tertiary veins thickly beset with stellate hairs; wood pale red. g'. Twigs seurfy Ar Geek 13. S. rugosa. g°. Twigs not scurfy 14. S. eximia. f. Tertiary veins not so thickly covered with stellate hairs; wood bright red......2..2..0.2.e.ees.--2-.. 19. S. negrosensis. 1. SHOREA BALANGERAN (Korth.) Dyer. Our material credited to this species resembles very closely that shown in Korthals’ original figure [Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1848) t. 7] in leaf and flower characters, except that there are more than fifteen stamens, in some cases about thirty, and the appendage to the connective is ciliate. The style is also shorter than that shown in the figure. I have not seen the type of Shorea balangeran and thus do not feel that it is desirable to describe our form as a new species. Much of our material is sterile. The fruit has not yet been collected. Luzon: Pangasinan, Zambales, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. LEyTE. SAMAR. MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Zamboanga. 155552—5 188 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 2. SHOREA CILIATA King. This species has previously been reported only from Penang. It is represented by For. Bur. 22788 Tabat, collected in flower April 20, 1914, at Pinagcamaligan, Tayabas Province, Luzon, growing in lowland forest. It is known by the local name yacal. It matches very closely the des- cription of the species in the flowers and leaves. The fruit has not yet been collected in the Philippines. It is represented also by Bur. Sci. 18575 McGregor, in flower, collected on Biliran Island, May 24, 1914. This is a large tree with smooth brownish bark and yellowish inner bark, which is very resinous. The leaves are coriaceous, glabrous above, lighter colored, sometimes almost glaucous, and slightly pubescent beneath, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, 6.5 to 9 cm long, 2.4 to 3.4 cm wide; petiole brownish, sometimes pubescent, 12 to 15 mm long; secondary veins 8 or 9 pairs, tertiary veins parallel and reticulate. Flowers yellowish, with sweet odor. 3. SHOREA ASTYLOSA sp. nov. Arbor excelsa. Folia ovata, acuminata, basi rotundata, gla- bra; nervis secundariis utrinque 8 ad 12. S. balangeran similis sed foliis brevioribus et staminibus ciliatis. A very large tree, 25 to 30 m tall and 1 m or more in diameter. Wood very hard, dark brownish-yellow, resinous. Leaves ovate, entire, margins slightly inrolled, rounded at base, acuminate at apex, glabrous on upper surface and only slightly puberulent beneath, lighter-colored beneath, coriaceous, shining, 6.5 to 9 em long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide; petioles dark-colored, slender, 1 to 2 em long. Twigs very dark, almost black. Secondary veins 8 to 12 pairs, tertiary veins fine, parallel and reticulate, almost as distinct above as below. Flowers pale to rusty yellow with a sweet odor. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, less than 5 cm long. Branches of inflorescence, calyx and outside of corolla grayish pubescent. Sepals broadly ovate, grayish pubescent on the outside, smoother within, concave, imbricate, 1.5 mm long and wide. Petals oblong- lanceolate, rusty yellow, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, rounded at apex, more or less twisted, convolute in bud, concave, grayish pubescent on the outside and faintly puberulous within. Stamens 20 to 30, less than 1 mm long, filaments short, anther cells elliptic-oblong, about 0.2 mm long, appendix to connective ciliate about 0.3 mm long. Ovary pyramidal or conical, grayish pubescent, 1.5 mm tall and about 1 mm in diameter at the base, bluntly rounded at the apex. Style practically absent or very short. Fruit unknown. MINDANAO, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 13271 Foxworthy, De Mesa, & Villamil, May 8, 1912, collected on a bluff overlooking a swamp at the edge of Dumanquilas Bay (type). Local name, yacal. This species differs from Shorea balangeran by the shorter and relatively broader leaves, with a smaller number of secondary veins; the smaller size a 4 j xuL¢,s Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 189 of the flowers; and the almost or complete absence of a style. It differs from S. ciliata in the broader leaves, which are rounded at the base; and in the petals, ovary and style. It is further represented by the following specimens: MINDANAO, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 23836, 23835, 21992, 21999 Villamil, May, 1914, For. Bur. 13287 Foxworthy, De Mesa, & Villamil, May, 1912; Agusan Province, For. Bur. 24438 Miras, Soriano, & Mariano; Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21432, 21460 Alvarez, May, 1914. 4. SHOREA MALIBATO Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1955. This is represented by the original collection from Agusan Province, Mindanao. The leaves resemble those of Shorea ciliata, but the fruit is smaller and the long calyx-lobes have more numerous longitudinal nerves. For. Bur. 22786 Miranda, collected in Zamboanga Province, Mindanao, August 17, 1914, under the name of guijo amarillo, has fruit which seems to be intermediate between that of Shorea malibato and S. ciliata. The fruit is slightly larger than that of S. ciliata and the wings are those of S. malibato. 5. SHOREA FALCIFEROIDES sp. nov. Yamban matibia (Zambales). Arbor magna. Foliis et fructibus S. falciferae similis sed foliis majoribus et fructibus minoribus. A large tree with oblong to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous leaves which are glabrous or nearly so and dark green above, distinctly lighter and finely pubescent beneath, 8.5 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, rather abruptly blunt acuminate at apex, rounded at base; secondary veins 12 to 14 pairs, occasionally with domatia in the axils of some of the lower veins, tertiary veins not conspicuous; petiole 15 to 20 mm long, grayish pubescent, as are also the twigs and the branches of the flower clusters. Stipules small, deciduous. Fruit conical gray pubescent, tapering into the hairy persistent style, 7 to 8 mm in diameter and 7 to 10 mm tall. The three long calyx-lobes 4 to 5 cm long, 10 to 12 mm wide, grayish pubescent, oblanceolate, with 8 to 10 principal longitudinal veins and numerous irregular cross-veins, the short wings 2.5 to 3 cm long, 2 to 3 mm wide, oblanceolate, with about the same number of longitudinal veins as the larger wings. Flowers unknown. Luzon, Zambales Province, Masinloc, For. Bur. 25664 Mayor, June 8, 1916 (type). This form resembles Shorea faleifera Dyer but has larger and differently shaped leaves, with a greater number of veins and smaller fruits. The wood is said to be of very good quality and to be used for structural work. 6. SHOREA MALAANONAN (Blanco) Blume in Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1852) 34; Foxw. in Phil. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 270. Mocanera malaanonan Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 858. Dipterocarpus malaanonan Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 312. This species is still but little known. Blanco’s description is not a close one and the material referred to this species presents considerable variation. Other species that have been considered as belonging here are Parashorea 190 The Philippine Journal. of Science 1918 plicata and Shorea polita. The principal reason for considering the first as a possibility is that it has the underside of the leaves whitish and is sometimes known by the common name of malaanonan. Both of these con- ditions are met by the other two species. Blanco’s description refers to three long calyx lobes in the fruit, which would certainly indicate Shorea rather than Parashorea. The description also mentions three stigmas, which is not the case in Parashorea plicata. It is often known as lauan or malaanonan. The common names reported for it from different prov- inces are: Litoc (Cagayan); apnit (Ilocos Sur); lawan or lauan puti (Nueva Ecija, Zambales, and Tayabas); malaanonang (Rizal) ; baliuisiuis (Pang.). Much of our material is sterile and some of the material re- ferred here is very doubtfully identified. _ Shorea polita Vid. I now believe to be a distinct species, differing from S. malaanonan by the smaller leaves. The fruit of the two forms is very similar. LuzoN: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Rizal, Tayabas. 7. SHOREA POLITA Vidal Sinopsis, Atlas (1883) 15, t. 15, f. d. In my former paper I placed this, mistakenly, with S. malaanonan, from which it seems to be distinct. It is known by the following local names: Litoc (Cagayan); lauan (Zambales); malaanonang (Rizal); danlig (Ri- zal); and mangasinoro (Tayabas). Luzon: Cagayan, Zambales, ‘Rizal, Tayabas. 8. SHOREA PHILIPPINENSIS Brandis. We are no nearer to understanding this species than we were six years since. a Luzon: Bulacan, Bataan, Tayabas. TicAo. LEYTE. 9. SHOREA PALLIDA sp. nov. Arbor, ramuli pilis stellatis tecti. Folia coriacea elliptica, brevissime acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, petiolis et subtus foliis pilis stellatis obtectis, nervis secundariis utrinque 12 ad 15, tertiariis conspicuis. Fructus ovoideus, alae 3 oblongo- spatulatae, 7 cm longae, 16 mm latae. : A large tree 30 m high and 75 cm in diameter. Wood white to brownish, soft, wood parenchyma lines and lines of resin- canals inconspicuous or wanting. Vessels arranged in more or less regular patterns. | Wood resembling that of Pentacme in appearance. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, pallid above and beneath when dry, the very young leaves being darker in color, bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, 5 to 9 em long, 3to5cm wide. Secondary nerves 12 to 15 pairs, tertiary nerves distinct. Petioles short, 8 to 9 mm long, pubescent. Stipular-bracts enclosing the bud triangular-ovate, rather large and semipersistent, with several longitudinal nerves; stipules leaving a distinct scar on falling. Twigs dark colored, pubescent, with short- internodes. Fruit ovoid, about 1 cm long and about the same diameter, enclosed by the bases of the calyx lobes; three SANE aw eer eay XI, C, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterogarpaceae, II 191 wings longer than the rest, oblong-spatulate, 7 cm long, 16 mm wide, with 10 to 12 longitudinal veins and numerous reticulate cross veins; the shorter wings 4 to 6 cm long and 5 to 6 mm wide, with only 5 or 6 long nerves. Fruit green when fresh, reddish brown when dry. Luzon, Cagayan Province, on river bank at Missionis near the coast, For. Bur. 17158 Curran, March, 1909 (type). Common name saray. Other collections: For. Bur. 17652 Curran, Laguna, February, 1910 (ster- ile); For. Bur. s. n. Curran, Cagayan, February, 1912 (fallen fruit picked up from the ground); For. Bur. 12996 Bernardo, Cagayan, July, 1911 (in fruit) ; For. Bur. 7084 Klemme, Cagayan, May, 1907, This form was noted in a previous article.° 10. SHOREA GUISO (Blanco) Blume. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Bontoc, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Union, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. MARINDUQUE. TICAO. MINDORO. MASBATE. SAMAR. LEYTE. NEGROS. PANAY, Capiz. MINDANAO: Agusan, Misamis, Davao, Cotabato, Zamboanga. 11. SHOREA sp. (pubescent guijo). Luzon: Bataan, Zambales, Pampanga, Laguna. 12. SHOREA SQUAMATA (Turcz.) Dyer. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. POLILLO. MARINDUQUE. MINDORO. SAMAR. LEYTE. BOHOL. BILIRAN. BASILAN. MINDANAO: Su- rigao, Agusan, Misamis, Davao, Lanao, Zamboanga. 18. SHOREA RUGOSA Heim. MINDANAO, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 13293 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, in fruit, May 17, 1912. This was previously known only from Borneo. It resembles Shorea eximia but differs by the scurfy twigs and the smaller, stellate-pubescent fruits. The wood is a red lauan. 14. SHORA EXIMIA (Miq.) Scheffer. Luzon: Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. SAMAR. NEGROS. Ba- SILAN. MINDANAO, Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga. 15. SHOREA POLYSPERMA (Blanco) Merr. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bu- lacan, Zambales, Bataan, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR. LEYTE. CEBU. MINDORO. NeEGROS. PANAY, Capiz. BILIRAN. BASILAN. MINDANAO: Surigao, Cotabato. This species seems to be very variable in fruit characters. 16. SHOREA WARBURGI! Gilg. This may be not distinct from Shorea polysperma, but I am not sure of it. It seems to have broader leaves than that species. Our material is sterile and is from Cagayan Province, Luzon, and from Samar. * Philip. Journ. Bot. 6 (1911) Bot. 272. 192 The Philippine Journal of Science — 1918 17. SHOREA TEYSMANNIANA Dyer. LUZON: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Sorsogon. POoLILLo. MINDANAO: Agusan. This species has not yet been found in flower or fruit. 18. SHOREA SCROBICULATA Burck, Luzon, Tayabas Province, For. Bur. 22712, July 30, 1914. This differs from the type of Shorea scrobiculata in having generally smaller leaves and fruits and in the longer and more slender wings to the fruits. Its general appearance is so like the species, however, that it is thought best to place it with S. scrobiculata, for the present. Credited with being a yacal. This species has, till now, been known only from Borneo. 19. SHOREA NEGROSENSIS Foxw. - Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Tayabas, Albay, Sorsogon. NeEcRos. MINDANAO: Surigao, Agusan. 20. SHOREA PLAGATA sp. nov. § Anthoshorea., Arbor magna, 40 m alta, 90 cm diametro. Cortex nigro, cras- So, squamuloso. Folia coriacea, ovato-lanceolata vel elliptica; lamina 6 ad 12 em longa, 3 ad 5.5 cm lata; petiolo 12 ad 15 mm longo, nigro. Nervis secundariis 9 ad 12, plerumque 10. Stipu- lae parvae, fugaceae. Paniculae terminales. Flores ignota. Fructus ovoideus, sericeus, 12 ad 15 mm longus, 11 mm diametro. Ovarium, conoideum sericeum. Stylopodium 0. Stylus conicus, Sericeus. Alae 5, 3 majora 7 cm longa, 12 ad 16 mm lata; nerviis longitudinalis 7 ad 10, reticulatis. A very large tree with thick black, furrowed or scaly bark. Heartwood dark red, moderately hard and light. A fine grade of red lauan but harder and heavier than is usually the case with that wood. It has some resemblance to guijo and is locally known by that name. It grows with other Dipterocarps in tall forest. The fruit, when fresh, showed a distinct reddish tinge in the wings, the nut being covered with a pale silky pubescence. The fruit is eaten by the forest animals very quickly after its fall. MINDANAO, Zamboanga District, Port Banga, For. Bur. 13758, Fou- worthy, De Mesa & Villamil, June 17, 1912 (type). This species was first collected by Whitford & Hutchinson, For. Bur. 917 , 9493, in the same neighborhood, in December and January, 1907 and 1908. More recent collections have been (all of them from the same part of the Zamboanga Peninsula): For. Bur. 14210, Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, June, 1912 (with the name malacayan colorado); For. Bur. 20266, Stadtmiller & Ferraris, January, 1913. The specific name “plagata” is given because of the resemblance of the leaves to those of Hopea plagata. It is allied to Shorea selanica Blume and apparently also is rather closely related to Shorea warburgii Gilg. 21. SHOREA MINDANENSIS sp. nov. § Anthoshorea, ae Arbor magna. _ Folia late ovata, elliptica vel oblonga, 6.5 ad xmL¢,.3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 193 10.5 cm longa, 4.3 ad 6.5 cm lata, glabra, apice retusa, abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata. Nervis secundariis circa 14, tertiariis parallelis et reticulatis, non conspicuis. Pe- tiolo 2 ad 2.5 cm longo. Stamina connectivi appendice quam loculis anthereae 2-3-plo longiore. Filamenta brevis. Stylopo- dio nullo. Ovario depresse conico. Stylo longo. Fructus viri- dis; alae longiores, circa 5 cm longae et 1 cm latae, breviores circa 2 cm longae, fructus circiter 1 cm longus. A large tree, 35 to 50 m tall and 50 to 150 em in diameter. Bark thick, dark, and furrowed longitudinally. Leaves broadly elliptic to oblong, usually retuse at the apex, sometimes shortly and very bluntly acuminate. Base rounded or subcuneate, 6.5 to 10.5 cm long, 4.3 to 6.5 cm broad, glabrous on both surfaces. Secondary nerves about 14 pairs, tertiary veins parallel and reti- culate, not very prominent. Petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers (picked up on ground under the tree) with appendix to connective 2 to 3 times as long as anther cells. Filaments short, less than half the length of anther. Nostylopodium. Ovary flatly conical. Style long and slender. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary and lower part of style pubescent. Fruit green when fresh; the three long wings about 5 cm long and up to 1 cm wide, the two short wings about 2 cm long. Fruit about 1 cm long. BASILAN, For. Bur. 13769 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, April 27, 1912 (type). The flowers were picked up from the ground. They had evidently been borne..a week or two earlier. It is locally known as kalunti and is one of the very common timber trees in Basilan and southern Mindanao. Other collections of this species are: For. Bur. 13768 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Basilan, April 27, 1912; For. Bur. 13902, Zamboanga, same collectors, June, 1912; For. Bur. 9076, 9130 Whitford & Hutchinson, Zamboanga, Dec. 1907, also 9372, same place, Jan. 1908; For. Bur. 13294 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Zamboanga, May 17, 1912. This was known as kalunti colorado and is possibly a distinct species. For, Bur. 138289 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, opposite Olutanga Island, May 16, 1912, is possibly a distinct species. It was collected under the name of mangasinoro. Fruit described from immature material. Base green, wings maroon color. Fruits borne in a panicle. Two small and three long wings, en- closing the fruit very closely. The large wings 3.5 to 7 em long and 7 to 11 cm wide, with about 10 nerves. Short wings 1.8 to 2 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. Very abundant fruiting, but much the largest part of the seeds drop before maturing. 6. PARASHOREA Kurz Key to the Philippine species of Parashorea. a’, Fruit less than 1 cm in diameter 1. P. plicata.. a’. Fruit 2 cm in diameter. 2. P. warburgii. 194 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 1. PARASHOREA PLICATA Brandis. Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. PoLiLLo. _CATANDUANES. MASBATE. SAMAR. LEYTE. CEBU. NecGrRos. PANAy, Capiz. BILIRAN. MINDANAO: Surigao, Agusan, Davao, Zamboanga. This is one of the most abundant and widely distributed species in the regions of even rainfall. 2. PARASHOREA WARBURGII Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 10, Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1954, MINDANAO: Davao and Agusan. 7. ISOPTERA Scheffer 1. ISOPTERA BORNEENSIS Scheffer. Plate I. This species was collected in fruit May 26, 1914, by Ranger Oliveros, in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, For. Bur. 23829 and 23839. It was also collected, in the same locality, two months later by Rangers Acufia and Belen, For. Bur. 22683. This is the first time that this genus has been reported from the Philippines. The specimens seem to match very well material collected in Borneo. The species is also known from the Malay Peninsula and Bangka. 8. BALANOCARPUS Beddome This genus is distinct by reason of its calyx-lobes, which are pointed and shorter than the fruit. The trees of this genus are of large size and have very hard wood, which is a fine grade of yacal. Sixteen species are known, mainly in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Key to the Philippine species of Balanocarpus. a’. Calyx-wings only about one-half as long as the fruit; leaves narrowly oblong ie 1. B. cagayanensis. a’. Calyx-wings nearly as long as fruit; leaves lanceolate. 2. B. brachyptera. 1. BALANOCARPUS CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. Plate II. Arbor magna. Foliis chartaceis, oblongis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis, rotundatis admodum leviter inaequilateralibus, 7 ad 13 em longis, 2ad 4 cm latis. Nervis secundariis 10 ad 12, tertiariis approximatis, parallelis. Calycis segmentis quam fructibus duplo brevioribus. A large tree. Leaves oblong, acuminate, faintly cuneate, slightly rounded, or slightly inequilateral at the base, 7 to 13 em long, 2 to 4 cm wide, margin slightly inrolled. Secondary nerves 10 to 12 pairs, with occasional intermediate short veins. Ter- tiary veins approximate, mostly parallel. Domatia in axils of Secondary veins. Glabrous above and almost glabrous beneath, occasional scattered hairs. Flower clusters not distinctly unila- teral, black or dark gray. Petals yellowish-brown in dried material, about twice as long as Sepals. Petals pale-sericeous on the outside, glabrous within. Stamens with filaments expanded x,¢,8 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 195 at the base, attached to base of petals and, more or less, to each other, forming at least an indication of a monadelphous condition. Anthers almost round and equal. Connective prolonged into a tapering awn, distinctly longer than the anther. Gynoecium hour-glass shaped, the ovary subspherical, the stylopodium as long as the ovary and almost columnar. The stylopodium abruptly narrowed into the style, which is rather less than half as long. The stigma is shallowly notched. Fruit 1 to 1.3 cm long and about 1 cm in diameter, roughly conical, apiculate. Calyx-wings of about equal length and less than two-thirds the height of the fruit. The wood is said to be more durable than that of Molave (Vitex spp.). Luzon, Cagayan Province, near Claveria, For. Bur. 19987 Bernardo, August, 1913 (type). It is also represented by the following specimens: For. Bur. 20453 Bernardo, in flower, May 30, 1913; For. Bur. 17774, 17775, 17776 Curran, and For. Bur. 20454. All of these are from the same part of the province as the type. The local name is narec. The stylopodium resembles that of Hopea helferi Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) p. 62, t. 2, f. 2, but is relatively longer. The stamens are like those of H. helferi (1. c. fig. 1) and like those figured for H. javanica Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 2 (1887) 235, t. 29, f. 7. Some sterile material in the herbarium representing collections in some other provinces may belong here, but the identifications are very doubtful. 2. BALANOCARPUS BRACHYPTERA sp. nov. Arbor. Folia chartacea, elliptica, oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata, margine cre- nulata, glabra, 5.8 ad 7.3 cm longa, 2.7 ad 3.8 em lata; nervis secundariis 10 ad 12, tertiariis inconspicue reticulatis; petiolo 3 ad 5mm longo. Fructus ovoideus, circiter 1 cm longus. A medium sized tree. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic or oblong to ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt-acuminate, base rounded or subcune- ate, margin crenulate, glabrous except along the principal veins, where there is a sparse pubescence, mainly of grayish pilose hairs, with hairy domatia in the axils of veins on under side of leaf, 5.8 to 7.3 cm long, 2.7 to 3.8 em wide. Secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, tertiary veins rather indistinct, mainly reticulate ; petioles 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits ovoid, about 1 cm long and 9 mm in diameter, borne in short axillary panicles. Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, imbricate, rather closely surround- ing the fruit, and a little shorter than the fruit. Margins of the sepals frequently brownish and scarious, in one immature fruit, very slightly reflexed. Fruit conical, faintly pubescent, with thin pericarp, the short style projecting through a small circular depression at the apex. Style glabrous, about 0.5 mm. long. ~ 196 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 MINDANAO, Zamboanga Province, Naganaga, For. Bur. 21895 Villamil, May 18, 1914 (type). Also For. Bur. 23882. 9. VATICA Linnaeus Key to the Philippine species of Vatica. a’. Leaves obtusely rounded at both ends 2. V. obtusifolia. a’, Leaves acute or acuminate at apex. b*. Stigma distinctly lobed, not glandular... 1. V. mangachapoi. 6*. Stigma capitate and glandular. ce’, Style gray-tomentose 5. V. sorsogonensis. ce. Style glabrous. d'. Secondary veins about 7 pairs 3. V. blancoana. d’. Secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs 4. V. mindanensis. 1. VATICA MANGACHAPO} Blanco. BaBuYAN Isanps. Luzon: Cagayan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Ta- yabas, Camarines, Albay. Samar. LeyTe. PANAY. MINDANAO: Agusan, Davao, Cotabato, Lanao, Olutanga, Zamboanga. BASILAN. : This species is quite variable in texture and in the arrangement of its leaves. There is also a considerable variation in the amount of pubescence on the twigs and inflorescences, 2. VATICA OBTUSIFOLIA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1471. Known only from Palawan. 8. VATICA BLANGOANA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1473. Known only from Palawan. 4. VATICA MINDANENSIS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot..6 (1918) 1957. MINDANAO, Agusan. LEYTE. NEGROS. Some of the forms credited here have fruits larger than those in the 5. VATICA SORSOGONENSIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia chartacea, glabra, 5 ad 10 cm longa, 2.3 ad 8 cm lata, acuminata, ad basin rotundata vel cuneata; nervis secundariis 11 ad 13; petiolo 14 ad 20 mm longo, ferrugino- pubescente. Floribus paniculatis, axillaribus, 1.5 em diametro. Fructibus ovoideus, tomentosus, 4 ad 5 mm longus, aliis oblanceo- latis vel oblongis, 3.5 ad 4.5 cm longis, 9 ad 10 mm latis, pubescentibus. . : A tree, 12 m high and 60 cm in diam. Leaves chartaceous, glabrous, except along the veins, dark green above, much lighter beneath, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.3 to 8 cm wide, acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, secondary veins 11 to 13 pairs; tertiary veins reticulate, more distinct on lower side of leaf; petiole 14 to 20 mm long, ferruginous-pubescent, as are also the twigs, buds, the branches of the inflorescence and the lower part of the midrib of the leaf. Inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 2 to 4 em long, near the ends of the branches. Flowers about 1.5 em in So i xu,¢,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 197 diameter. Sepals thick, coriaceous, 2.5 to 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, almost triangular, densely gray-tomentose. Petals broadly oblong, densely tomentose without and within, about 10 mm long and 6 mm wide, with indications of 7 or 8 principal longitudinal veins ; the petals become irregularly distorted in drying and are hard to straighten out. Stamens 15, arranged in groups, 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm in diameter, filaments thick and broad at the base, tapering to about 0.3 mm in diameter below the attachment of the anthers; total length of filament about 0.8 mm; anthers ellipsoid, the inner pair smaller than the outer, 0.2-0.3 mm long, connective blunt-conical, projecting beyond the anthers for about 0.1 to 0.15 mm. Ovary rather hemispheric, about 1.7 mm high and 2 mm in diameter, densely grayish tomentose, with indica- tion of division into 3 lobes. Style tapering, cylindric, about 2 mm long, densely grayish tomentose, about 0.4 mm in diameter at the base and 0.2 mm at apex. Stigma apparently capitate and glandular. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit gray-tomentose, ovoid 4 to 5 mm tall, sometimes with the persistent style, often somewhat resinous. The two long wings oblanceolate or oblong, 3.5 to 4.5 cm long, 9 to 10 mm wide, with five principal distinct longitudinal nerves and numerous less distinct reticulate cross veins. Wings pubescent throughout. Short wings lanceolate, about 1 cm long and 1 mm wide, with pubescence so dense as to obscure the longi- tudinal nerves. Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Irosin, 16840 Elmer, August, 1916, (type). Field note: “Medium-sized tree in woodlands along streams at 1,000 feet facing the Pacific. Trunk terete, somewhat crooked, 2 feet thick, 40 feet _ high, mainly branched toward the top; wood whitish on the outside, moderately hard; bark thick, smoothish and chalky white blotched, ochroleucous otherwise; main branches divaricate, not long but repeatedly branched; leaves chartaceous, conduplicate, descending, slightly paler green beneath, points recurved, fruit wings pale yellowish green, turning dull purple, the nut ovoid, green or yellowish green.” This is most nearly related to Vatica lowii King, from which it differs by the smaller size of the fruit, the fewer veins to the leaf, and the much larger size of the flowers. as Several other species of this genus seem to be represented in our collec- tions by sterile material. Their identification will have to wait until more complete material is collected. [Vol. XIII, No. 1, including pages 1 to 66, was issued February 25, 1918, and No. 2, including pages 67 to 122, was issued May 9, 1918.] _— 2, terme = pal ILLUSTRATIONS [Drawings by J. K. Santos.] PuaTE I. Jsoptera borneensis Burck. a, habit sketch of a fruiting branch, reduced about ona halt b, a fruit, natural size. II. Balanocarpus cagayanensis Foxw. a, habit sketch of a flowering branch, reduced about one-half. b, a flower, x 3. c, stamens, x 20. d, a fruit, natural size. e, portion of the lower: surface of a leaf, showing details of the reticulations and the domatia, x 1.5. 199 FOXWORTHY: DIPTEROCARPACEAE. | [Puit. Journ. Sct., XIII, C, No. 3. PLATE I. Isoptera borneensis Burck. Wp aHitgp: (i K« « oo THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE C. BoTANY Vou. XIII JULY, 1918 No. 4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BRYOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE PHILIPPINES, V By V. F. BROTHERUS (Helsingfors, Finland) The first manuscript of this paper was lost through the sink- ing of the steamer that carried it. As I unfortunately had retained no copy of it, I was obliged to rewrite the entire paper, which explains the delay in the preparation and publication of it. In the present paper the geographic distribution is not indi- cated for those species which were included in the former parts.’ DICRANACEAE TREMATODON Michaux TREMATODON PAUCIFOLIUS C. Mill. Luzon, Batangas Province, Taal Volcano, on bluffs near the lake, altitude 4 meters, Merrill 10610. TREMATODON DREPANELLUS Besch. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio and vicinity, Merrill 7869, 7879, 14051: Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20048, 20047 McGregor. TREMATODON CAPILLIPES C. Mill. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Abulug River, Weber 1588. Area: Philippines. CAMPYLOPODIUM (C. Miill.) Bescherelle CAMPYLOPODIUM EUPHOROCLADUM (C. Mill.) Besch. Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27094 Ramos. ‘ Brotherus, V. F., Contributions to the Bryological flora of the Phil- ippines, I, Ofversigt Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Férhandl. 47™ (1905) 1-12; HI, Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 11-30; III, op. cit. 5-(1910) Bot. 137-162; IV, op. cit. 8 (1918) Bot. 65-98. 156158 201 202 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 DICRANOLOMA Renault DICRANOLOMA MONOCARPUM Broth. sp. nov. Dioicum; robustulum, caespitosum, caespitibus laxis, lutescen- ti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis usque ad 7 cm longus, adscendens vel erectus, ubique ferrugineo-tomentosus, densiuscule foliosus, sim- plex; folia patula, comalia plerumque subsecunda, canaliculato- coneava, haud plicata, e basi ovata sensim lanceolato-subulata, usque ad.8 mm longa et c. 0.6 mm lata, ultra medium anguste limbata, superne dense et argute serrata, nervo tenui superne dorso argute serrato, cellulis elongatis, incrassatis, lumine an- gustissimo, alaribus numerosis, fusco-aureis; seta solitaria, us- qué ad 2 cm alta, tenuissima, straminea ; theca indistincte strumi- fera, anguste cylindrica, arcuatula, fusca. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22114 Ramos. Species D. assimili (Hamp.) Par. affinis, sed foliis angustioribus spo- rogoniisque solitariis dignoscenda. DICRANOLOMA TENUIRETE Broth. sp. nov. Dioicum; gracilescens, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, pallide lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis usque ad 4 cm longus, ad- scendens, ubique ferrugineo-tomentosus, dense foliosus, simplex. vel furcatus; folia falcata, canaliculato-concava, sicca plicatula, e basi ovata sensim lanceolato-subulata, usque ad 7 mm longa et c. 0.75 mm lata, ultra medium anguste limbata, superne argute serrata, nervo tenui, superne dorso argute serrato, cellulis breviter linearibus, haud incrassatis, alaribus numerosis, fusco- aureis. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27090 Ramos. Species e minoribus, cum D. ramosii Broth. comparanda, sed foliis fal- catis nec non cellulis haud incrassatis dignoscenda. CAMPYLOPUS Bridel CAMPYLOPUS ERICOIDES (Griff.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17075 Robinson. Area: Nepal, Khasia, Ceylon, Luzon. CAMPYLOPUS HEMITRIUS (C. Miill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount eaerensios Bur. Sci, 9839 Robinson. Area: Luzon. CAMPYLOPUS ERICOIDES (Griff.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur Sci. 17075 Robinson. Area: India and Luzon. PILOPOGON Bridel PILOPOGON BLUMEI (Doz. et Molk.) Broth. Luzon, Lepanto Subprovince, Malaya Mountains, Bona 147; Camiguin de Mindanao, Bur. Sci. 14898 Ramos. io elie ee Batam Newent ie xuL¢,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 203 PILOPOGON SUBEXASPERATUS (C. Miill.) Broth. Luzon, Bontoc Subpropince, Vanoverbergh 1309: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20315 McGregor: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20220 McGregor. LEUCOBRYACEAE LEUCOBRYUM Hampe LEUCOBRYUM SANCTUM Hamp. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20620, 20626 Ramos; Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 20856 Villamil; Paete, Bur. Sci. 10059 Ramos: Samar, Bur. Sci. 17621 Ramos. LEUCOBRYUM SCALARE C. Mill. Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 23277 McGregor; Mount Maquiling, Baker 2590. Area: Singapore, Java, Sumbawa and Luzon. Var. TJIBODENSIS Fleisch. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14887 Ramos (f. robusta). PALAWAN Mount Capoas, Merrill 9096 (f. robusta). Area: Java. LEUCOBRYUM BOWRINGII Mitt. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 750 meters, Bur. Sci. 17055 Robinson. LEUCOBRYUM SERICEUM Broth. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20920 Escritor. OCTOBLEPHARUM Hedwig OCTOBLEPHARUM ALBIDUM (L.) Hedw. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20221 MeGtigor. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Larena, on dead trees, alt. 750 meters, Bur. Sci. 18220 Robinson. SCHISTOMITRIUM Dozy et Molkenboer SCHISTOMITRIUM APICULATUM Doz. et Molk. Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18356 Otanes. MIN- DANAO, Zamboanga Province, Merrill 8362. SCHISTOMITRIUM COPELANDI! Broth. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16269 Reillo. SCHISTOMITRIUM ROBUSTUM Doz. et Molk. BasILAN, Bur. Sci. 16271 Reillo. LEUCOPHANES Bridel LEUCOPHANES CANDIDUM (Hornsch.) Lindb. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19316 Reillo: Sorsogon Province, Bur. Sci. 28745 Ramos. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17622 Ramos. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16274 Reillo. FISSIDENTACEAE FISSIDENS Hedwig FISSIDENS BRAUNII (C. Mill.) Doz. et Molk. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17013 Robinson. Area: Java and Luzon. 204 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 FISSIDENS (AMBLYOTHALLIA) ROBINSONI! Broth. sp. nov. Dioicus; robustiusculus, caespitosus, caespitibus laxiusculis, pallide viridibus, opacis; caulis usque ad 6 mm longus, cum foliis c. 3 mm latus, infima basi fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, simplex; folia c. 15-juga, sicca homomalla, comalia circinato- incurva, humida erecto-patentia, stricta, elongate linearia, lan- ceolato-acuminata, mucronata, integerrima, elimbata, lamina vera paulum ultra medium folii producta, lamina dorsali ad basin nervi enata ibidemque rotundata, nervo crassiusculo, pal- lido, brevissima excedente, cellulis minutissimis, rotundato- hexagonis, pellucidis, laevissimis. Caetera ignota. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Salug River, altitude 340 meters, Bur. Sci. 18105 Robinson. MINDANAO, Surigao Province, Agusan Valley, For. Bur. 7607 Hutchinson. Species follis elongate linearibus, lanceolato-acuminatis, cellulis pellu- cidis, laevissimis dignoscenda. FISSIDENS NAGASAKINUS Besch. var. LUZONENSIS Broth. var. nov. Folia superne minus angustata, nerve crassiore. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Merrill 7851. FISSIDENS NOBILIS Griff. Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27089 Ramos: Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Baker 3843. CALYMPERACEAE SYRRHOPODON Schwaegrichen SYRRHOPODON ALBOVAGINATUS Schwaegr. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16670 Ramos. But1- RAN, Bur. Sci. 18464 McGregor. SYRRHOPODON MULLERI (Doz. et Molk.) Lac. Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 23272 McGregor. MINDANAO, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens. SYRRHOPODON SUBULATUS Lac. MINDANAO, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens. Area: Sumatra, Celebes, Borneo and New Guinea. CALYMPERES Swartz CALYMPERES SERRATUM A. Br. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 640 meters, Bur. Sci. 17121 Robinson. Area: Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Labuan, Celebes, Hongkong and Samoa. CALYMPERES ORIENTALE Mitt. BiuirAN, Bur. Sci. 18459 McGregor. xuLc,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 205 POTTIACEAE BARBULA Hedwig BARBULA ORIENTALIS (Willd.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Bajios, on stone walls and on earth, al- titude 10 meters, Bur. Sci. 17138, 17140 Robinson; Manila, Bur. Sci. 18274 Robinson: Rizal Province, Tanay, Bur. Sci. 11882 Robinson & Ramos. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Suague River, on walls, altitude 100 meters, Bur. Sct. 18146 Robinson. BARBULA CONSANGUINEA (Thwait. et Mitt.) Jaeg. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1166 Ramos: Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18357 Otanes: Ilocos Province, Bangui, on damp banks, Bur. Sci. 27778 Ramos. Area: Ceylon, Singapore, Java and Luzon. BARBULA INFLEXA (Dub.) C. Mill. Luzon, Batangas Province, Taal Voleano, on very wet walls in ravines, altitude 80 meters, Merrill 10608. PANAy, Iloilo Province, Tigom River on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18052 Robinson. Area: Ceylon and Java. HYOPHILA Bridel HYOPHILA FLAVIPES Broth. PANay, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18055 Robinson. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20041 McGregor. GYMNOSTOMIELLA Fleischer GYMNOSTOMIELLA VERNICOSA (Hamp.) Fleisch. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Bajios, on stone walls, altitude 10 meters, Bur. Sci. 17139 Robinson. PANAy, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18051 Robinson. Area: Nepal, Burma, Java and Amboina. GYMNOSTOMIELLA LONGINERVIS Broth. sp. nov. Dioica; tenella, caespitosa, caespitibus densis, mollibus, late extensis, laete viridibus; caulis erectus, gracillimus, usque ad 8 mm longus, hic illic radiculis longis fuscis instructus, laxius- cule foliosus, simplex vel innovando ramosus; folia sicca con- tracta, humida patentia, comalia in rosulam congesta, e basi spathulata ovalia vel obovata, rotundato-obtusa, usque ad 0.76. mm longa et 0.30 mm lata, integerrima, nervo lutescente, infra summum apicem folii evanido, cellulis ovali-hexagonis, 0.015- 0.020 mm longis, teneris, pellucidis, verrucosis, marginalibus minoribus, transverse dispositis, basilaribus rectangularibus, laevibus. Caetera ignota. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18053 Robinson. Species a praecedente statura robustiore nec non foliorum forma et nervo multo longiore dignoscenda. * 206 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 MERCEYOPSIS Brotherus et Dixon MERCEYOPSIS MINUTA (Broth.) var. SUBMINUTA (Broth.) Broth. et Dix. NeEGROS, Mount Canlaon, For. Bur. 17384 Curran. ORTHOTRICHACEAE ANOECTANGIUM (Hedw.) Bryol. eur. ANOECTANGIUM SUBALARUM Broth. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Pulog, Bur. Sci. 16400 Curran, Merritt, Zchokke. MACROMITRIUM Bridel MACROMITRIUM GONIORRHYNCHUM (Doz. et Molk.) Mitt. Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18358 Otanes: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 18321 Reillo, PANAy, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18217 Robinson. MACROMITRIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Bryol. jav. Luzon, Bontoe Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 398. MACROMITRIUM MERRILLI! Broth. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mauban, on trees near sea, Bur. Sci. 19396 Ramos: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 21348 Ramos. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 8991. MACROMITRIUM SUBULIGERUM Bryol. jav. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 14928, 16671 Ramos: Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, on trees, Bur. Sci. 19393 Ramos. Panay, Iloilo Province, Atimonan River, Bur. Sci. 18167 Ramos. MACROMITRIUM SEMIPELLUCIDUM Doz et Molk. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, on trees, Bur. Sci. 20613 Ramos. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Ulian River, on trees, altitude 400 meters, Bur. Sci. 18260 Robinson. dl FUNARIACEAE FUNARIA Schreber FUNARIA CALVESCENS Schwaegr. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20228 McGregor. FUNARIA LUZONENSIS Broth. 3 Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 745. BRYACEAE WEBERA Hedwig WEBERA SCABRIDENS (Mitt.) Jaeg. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio and vicinity, Bur. Sci. 14095 Ro- binson. PSEUDOPOHLIA Williams PSEUDOPOHLIA BULBIFERA Williams. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20231 McGregor. Area: Luzon. xuc,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 207 PSEUDOPOHLIA MERRILLI! Broth. sp. nov. Dioica; gracilescens, caespitosa, caespitibus laxis, fuscescen- tibus, nitidiusculis; caulis 5-7 mm longus, infima basi fusco- radiculosus, dense foliosus, innovando ramosus, in axillis supe- rioribus propagula turgide obovata, foliolis 4-5 ornata gerentia; folia sicca adpressa, humida erecto-patentia, comalia saepe homomalla, decurrentia, infima minora, dein sensim majora, elongate lanceolata, anguste acuminata, usque ad 2 mm longa et 0.35 mm lata, marginibus erectis vel anguste recurvis, apice serrulatis, nervo rufescente, continuo vel infra summum apicem folii evanido, cellulis elongatis, angustis; seta c. 2.5 cm alta, tenuis, lutescens; theca nutans, cum collo angusto sporangii fere longitudinis pyriformis, fusca; peristomium destructum. NEGROS, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 6817. Species distinctissima, a praecedente foliorum forma nec non theca nu- tante, pyriformi longe diversa. ANOMOBRYUM Schimper ANOMOBRYUM GEMMIGERUM Broth. Luzon, Bontoe Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 727. BRACHYMENIUM Schwaegrichen BRACHYMENIUM NEPALENSE Hook. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, on trees, altitude 1,700 meters, Vanoverbergh 2233: Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1334. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14899 Ramos. BRYUM (Dill.) Schimper . BRYUM COMPRESSIDENS C. Miill. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 93, 1770: Batangas Province, ‘Taal Voleano, on banks in very damp ravine on the outer slope of the cone, altitude 70 meters, Merrill 10609. BRYUM CORONATUM Schwaegr. Luzon, Bulacan Province, Angat, Bur. Sci. 21860 Ramos. DUMARAN, Bur. Sci. 21643 Escritor. PALAWAN, Taytay, Merrill 8993. BRYUM AMBIGUUM Dub. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18203 Robinson. - BRYUM RAMOSUM (Hook.) Mitt. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1324. RHODOBRYUM (Schimp.) Hampe RHODOBRYUM GIGANTEUM (Hook.) Hamp. Luzon, Bontoe Subprovince, Bauco, altitude 1,700 meters, Vanoverbergh 1784: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20319 McGregor. 208 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 MNIACEAE ORTHOMNIUM Wilson ORTHOMNIUM LOHERI Broth. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1341; Mount Pulog, Merrill 6399. MNIUM (Dill.) Linnaeus MNIUM SUCCULENTUM Mitt. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, near brooks, altitude 1,250 meters, Vanoverbergh 1775. RHIZOGONIACEAE HYMENODON Hooker f. et Wilson HYMENODON SERICEUS (Doz. et Molk.) C. Miill. Luzon, Laguna Province, summit of Mount Maquiling, Baker 27538, 2755, Bur. Sci. 17027 Robinson. RHIZOGONIUM Bridel RHIZOGONIUM SPINIFORME (L.) Bruch. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 670 to 1,000 meters, Bur. Sci. 17015, 17047, 17038 Robinson, Baker: Rizal Prov- ince, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 18796 Ramos: Abra Province, Mount Po- suey, on dead tree, Bur. Sci. 27088 Ramos: Bataan Province, Bur. Sci. 22041 Medina: Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14341 ' McGregor. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14892 Ramos. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18206 Robinson. SPIRIDENTACEAE SPIRIDENS Nees SPIRIDENS REINWARDTII Nees. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18455 McGregor. LEYTE, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15396 Ramos. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14904 Ramos. JoLo, Mrs. Cle- mens 9400. SPIRIDENS LONGIFOLIUS Lindb. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 931 9, Baker 1330: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20329 McGregor. BARTRAMIACEAE PHILONOTIS Bridel PHILONOTIS GRIFFITHIANA (Wills.) Mitt. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14891 Ramos. PHILONOTIS REVOLUTA Bryol. jav. Luzon, Bontoe Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 1059, 1750, 1768: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20320, 20325 McGregor. PHILONOTIS SECUNDA (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20040 McGregor: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20219 McGregor. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Larena, on walls, altitude 820 meters, Bur. Sci. 18204 Robinson. : eal xuc,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 209 PHILONOTIS MOLLIS (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Bafios, altitude 10 meters, Bur. Sci. 17141 Robinson: Rizal Province, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 16962 Ramos. PHILONOTIS TURNERIANA (Schwaegr.) Mitt. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, on banks, altitude about 1,900 meters, Merrill 7868; Laguna Province, summit of Mount Maquiling, Baker 2748. Area: Nepal, Sikkim, Khasia, Java, Japan, Hawaii. PHILONOTIS FALCATA (Hook.) Mitt. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9320. Area: Himalaya, Tibet, Nilghiri, China, Japan. BREUTELIA Schimper BREUTELIA ARUNDINIFOLIA (Dub.) Broth. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9315. NECKERACEAE ENDOTRICHELLA C. Miller ENDOTRICHELLA ELEGANS (Doz. et Molk.) Fleisch. BILirAN, Bur. Sci. 18472 McGregor. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16273 Reillo. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Larena, on dead wood, altitude 750 meters, Robin- son. LuzON, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20321 McGregor: Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1332. PALAWAN, Cabinbin River, We- ber 1568. ENDOTRICHELLA PERPLICATA Broth. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19318 Reillo: Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20324 McGregor. ENDOTRICHELLA ELMERI Broth. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17656 Ramos. GAROVAGLIA Endlicher GAROVAGLIA BAKERI Broth. sp. nov. Robustiuscula, rigidissima, laete viridis, hic illic rufescens, nitida, caules secundarit numerosi, adscendentes, superne ar- cuati, usque ad 10 cm longi, densissime foliosi, subteretes, sim- plices, obtusi; folia sicca imbricata, undulata basi plicata humida suberecta, concava, ovato-oblonga, raptim in acumen lanceolato- subulatum attenuata, superne minute, in acumen argute serrata, enervia, cellulis incrassatis, lumine lineari-elliptico, inferioribus sensim longioribus et angustioribus, alaribus sat numerosis ovalibus vel subquadratis, omnibus laevissimis; bvacteae peri- chaetii convolutaceae, superne latiores, rotundatae, brevissime cuspidatae, integrae vel subintegrae. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker 2324. Species G. undulatae Ren. et Card. affinis, sed statura minore, rigiditate foliorumque forma optime diversa. 210 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 GAROVAGLIA PERUNDULATA Broth. sp. nov. Gracilis, rigida, laete viridis, nitida; caules secundarii nemo- rosi, arcuato-adscendentes, usque ad 6 cm longi, densissime foliosi, complanati, simplices, obtusi; folia sicca imbricata, undu- lata, humida concava, breviter oblonga, raptim in acumen lan- ceolato-subulatum attenuati, acumine plus minusve serrulato, enervia, cellulis haud incrassatis, rhomboideis, basin versus sensim longioribus et angustioribus, alaribus numerosis, sub- quadratis, aureis, omnibus laevissimis. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19917 McGregor, Species distinctissima, praecedenti affinis, sed statura gracili foliisque cellulis leptodermibus facillime dignoscenda, GAROVAGLIA PLICATA (Nees) Endl. var. GRACILESCENS Broth. var. nov. Gracilescens; caules secundarii usque ad 11 cm longi, laxius foliosi; folia lateralia arcuato-patentia. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20224 McGregor. FLORIBUNDARIA C. Miller FLORIBUNDARIA FLORIBUNDA (Doz. et Molk.) Fleisch. PALAWAN, Cabinbin River, on boulders, Weber 1566. PAPILLARIA (C. Mill.) C. Miiller PAPILLARIA FUSCESCENS (Hook.) Jaeg. Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, on trees, Bur. Sci. 27093 Ramos. AEROBRYOPSIS Fleischer AEROBRYOPSIS LANOSA (Mitt.) Broth. Panay, Iloilo Province, Larena, on Ficus, altitude 820 meters, Bur. Sci. 18207 Robinson. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1321. BARBELLA (C. Mill.) Fleischer BARBELLA PENDULA (Sull.) Fleisch. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9318: Ifugao Sub- province, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20312 McGregor. BARBELLA (EUBARBELLA) CLEMENSIAE Broth. sp. nov, Gracilescens, mollis, aureo-flava sericeo-nitens; caules secun- dari longissimi, penduli, flexuosi, laxe foliosi, remote subpin- natim ramosi, ramis patulis, usque ad 2 cm vel paulum ultra longis, flexuosis, laxe foliosis, complanatis, plerumque plus minusve distincte attenuatis, simplicibus vel parce ramulosis; folia caulina adpressa, ovato-lanceolata, in subulam piliformem sensim attenuata, ubique minute denticulata, nervo tenui, ultra medium folii evanido, cellulis anguste linearibus, papilla minutis- sima plerisque medio instructis, basilaribus infimis multo latiori- 3 | : Aa “ — xui¢,4 Brotherus: Bryologieal Flora of the Philippines 211 bus, alaribus sat numerosis oblongis, rufescentibus; folia ramea patula, magis concava, brevius acuminata. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9317. Species habitu B. bombycinae (Ren. et Card.) Fleisch. valde similis, sed foliorum forma dignoscenda. BARBELLA ENERVIS (Mitt.) Fleisch. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1329. METEORIUM (Doz. et Molk.) Fleischer METEORIUM MIQUELIANUM (C. Mill.) Fleisch. Luzon, Pampanga Province, Mount Arayat, Bur. Sci. 22450 Ramos: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20303 McGregor. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Ulian River, on trees, altitude 400 meters, Bur. Sci. 18257 Rob- inson. METEORIUM HELMINTHOCLADUM (C. Mill.) Fleisch. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19937 McGregor: Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1325. METEORIOPSIS Fleischer METEORIOPSIS RECLINATA (C. Mill.) Fleisch. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, altitude 1,250 meters, Vanoverbergh 1743: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20223 McGregor: Ifugao Subpro- ince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20306 McGregor: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19322 Reillo. f. PILIFER Fleisch. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14845 Me- Gregor. TRACHYPODOPSIS Fleischer _ TRACHYPODOPSIS CRISPATULA (Hook.) Fleisch. Luzon, Abfa Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27097 Ramos: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19926 McGregor. CALYPTOTHECIUM Mitten CALYPTOTHECIUM TUMIDUM (Mitt.) Fleisch. Bmiran, Bur. Sci. 18454, 18456 McGregor. NECKEROPSIS Reichardt NECKEROPSIS LEPINEANA. (Mont.). Fleisch. BIuirAN, Bur. Sci. 18462 McGregor. PANAy, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18178 Robinson. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17122 Robinson; Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14351 McGregor. NECKEROPSIS GRACILENTA (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18240 Robinson. NECKEROPSIS CRINITA (Griff.) Fleisch. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1290. 212 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 HIMANTHOCLADIUM (Mitt.) Fleischer HIMANTHOCLADIUM LORIFORME (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16278 Reillo. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18470, 18465 Me- Gregor. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19317 Reillo. HOMALIODENDRON Fleischer HOMALIODENDRON FLABELLATUM ( Dicks.) Fleisch. LuzON, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19326 Reillo. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18471 McGregor. HOMALIODENDRON SCALPELLIFOLIUM (Mitt.) Fleisch. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Baker 3852. THAMNIUM Schimper THAMNIUM ELLIPTICUM (Bryol. jav.) Kindb. ‘ Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17215 Robinson. ENTODONTACEAE ENTODON C. Miiller ENTODON LONGIDENS Broth, Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20045 McGregor: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20229 McGregor. ENTODON RUBICUNDUS (Wils.) Jaeg. LUZON, Bontoe Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 1319. Area: Himalaya, Khasia, Bhotan, and the Andaman Islands. ERYTHRODONTIUM Hampe ERY THRODONTIUM SQUARRULOSUM (Mont.) Par. Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18359 Otanes. TRACHYPHYLLUM Gepp TRACHYPHYLLUM INFLEXUM (Harv.) Gepp. Luzon, Pangasinan Province, San Quintin, Bur. Sci. 5661, 5577 Otanes; Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18360 Otanes. Area: Central India, Nepal, Sikkim, Ava and Pegu. HOOKERIACEAE CALLICOSTELLA (C. Miill.) Mitten CALLICOSTELLA PAPILLATA (Mont.) Mitt. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 1 7195, 17196, 17205, 17204 Robinson; Los Bafios, Bur. Sci. 14148 Robinson: Rizal Prov- ince, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 13798 Ramos. BILirRAN, Bur. Sci. 18466 McGregor. DISTICHOPHYLLUM Dozy et Molkenboer DISTICHOPHYLLUM NIGRICAULE Mitt. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17082 Robinson. Area: Java. —_ on - ne xut,c,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 213 LESKEODON Brotherus LESKEODON PHILIPPINENSIS Broth, sp. nov. Synoicus; robustus, caespitosus, caespitibus densis, mollibus, pallide viridibus, subopacis; cawlis usque ad 2.5 cm longus, plus minusve alte fusco-radiculosus, dense et complanate foliosus, cum foliis c. 5 mm latus, simplex, obtusus; folia lateralia patula, e basi brevissime spathulata oblonga, breviter acuminata, in subulam piliformem attenuata, lamina c. 3 mm longa et c. 1.3 mm lata, limbata, integerrima, nervo tenui, in subulam usque ad 0.8 mm longam continuo, cellulis superioribus rotundato- hexagonis. 0.025-0.030 mm, marginem versus multo minoribus, basilaribus oblongo-hexagonis, marginalibus limbum inferne triseriatum, superne angustiorem, hyalinum efformantibus; seta c. 2 mm alta, rubra, summo apice mamillis grossis scabra; theca erecta, minuta, ovalis, pallide fuscidula; exostomii dentes pallidi, lanceolato-subulati, c. 0.5 mm longi, dense lamellati, papillosi; processus dentium longitudinis, lineari-lanceolati, papillosi; spori 0.010-0.015 mm, laeves; operculum e basi convexo-conica breviter rostratum; calyptra operculum tantum obtegens, glabra, basi pilis longis densisque instructa. BiuirAN, Bur. Sci. 18468 McGregor. Species pulcherrima, cum L. acuminato (Bryol. jav.) Fleisch. comparenda, sed foliorum forma cellulisque laxioribus dignoscenda. CHAETOMITRIUM Dozy et Molkenboer CHAETOMITRIUM PHILIPPINENSE (Mont.) Bryol. eur. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Atimonan River, on tree, altitude 300 m, Bur. Sci. 18164 Robinson. CHAETOMITRIUM PAPILLIFOLIUM Bryol. jav. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14343 McGregor. CHAETOMITRIUM ORTHORRHYNCHUM (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav. BASILAN, Cumalarang, Bur. Sci. 16267 Reillo. ERIOPUS (Brid.) C. Miller ERIOPUS FLACCIDUS Broth. sp nov. ‘ : Dioicus; gracilescens, caespitosus, caespitibus laxis, sordid viridibus, vernicosus; caulis usque ad 6 cm longus, plus minusve alte fusco-radiculosus, laxe et complanate foliosus, plerumque attenuatus, simplex vel divisus; folia sicca contracta, facillime emollita, flaccida, lateralia patula, asymmetrica, e basi brevis- sime spathulata late oblonga, obtusa, mucronata, c. 5 mm longa et c. 2 mm lata, supra medium argute serrata, nervis binis, uno 214 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 crasso, brevi, altero saepe nullo, cellulis superioribus c. 0,060 mm longis et c. 0.030 mm latis, basin versus sensim longioribus, marginalibus elongatis, angustis, limbum triseriatum, lutescen- tem efformantibus; folia dorsalia et ventralia multo minora, late ovalia; bracteae perichaetii late ovalis, vaginantes, raptim in acumen subulatum attenuatae; seta c. 8 mm alta, pallida, ubique setosa, ciliis superne usque ad 0.125 mm longis, basin versus brevioribus ; theca horizontalis, minuta, ovalis, atrofusca. Cae- tera ignota. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Merrill 7523. Species EH. ramoso Fleisch. affinis, sed foliis flaccidis nec non seta ciliis duplo brevioribus instructa optime diversa. LESKEACEAE PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS Brotherus PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS DECURVATA (Mitt.) Broth. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14846 McGregor. PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS ACUTISSIMA Broth. sp. nov. Species praecedenti habitu simillima, sed foliis late ovatis, acutissimis, plerumque cellula hyalina terminatis dignoscenda. Luzon, Rizal Province, San Isidro, on wet rock by streams, Bur. Sei. 5172 Foxworthy. PELEKIUM Mitten . PELEKIUM VELATUM Mitt. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17201, 17230 Rob- inson; Los Banos, Baker 698,2399. PANAy, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on dead wood, altitude 160 meters, Bur. Sci. 18049 Robinson. THUIDIUM Bryol. eur. THUIDIUM TAMARISCELLUM (C. Miill.) Bryol. jav. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 12939 Fénix: Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 396. Area: Nilghiri, Tonkin, Sumatra and Luzon. THUIDIUM TRACHYPODUM (Mitt.) Bryol. jav. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17212 Robinson. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18130 Robinson. THUIDIUM MEYENIANUM (Hamp.) Bryol. jav. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 20044 McGregor. THUIDIUM BIFARIUM Bryol. jav. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Atimonan River, on rocks, altitude 475 meters, Bur. Sci. 18158 Robinson; Salug River, on sandstone, altitude 340 meters, Bur. Sci. 18099, 18101, 18104, 18107 Robinson. Area: Java and Sumatra. : xu,c,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 215 THUIDIUM CYMBIFOLIUM (Doz. et Molk:) Bryol. jav, Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20314 McGregor: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 19325 Reillo: Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14350 McGregor. PALAWAN, Cabinbin River, on rocks along streams, Weber 1569. THUIDIUM PLUMULOSUM (Doz. et Molk.) Bryol. jav. SAMAR, Bur. Sci. 17620 Ramos. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14895 Ramos. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Bafios, on rocks, Baker 760, 702, 2382. THUIDIUM CASUARINUM (C. Mill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Rizal Province, Mount Canumay, Bur. Sci. 13799 Ramos. HYPNACEAE CAMPYLIUM (Sull.) Bryhn. CAMPYLIUM GLAUCOCARPUM (Reinw.) Broth. LUZON, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 2871: Benguet Sub- province, Pauai, Baker 1331: Ifugao Subprovince Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19922, 20301, 20307, 20310 McGregor: Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci, 27098 Ramos. CTENIDIUM (Schimp.) Mitten CTENIDIUM FORSTENI! (Bryol. jav.) Broth. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 1275. Area: Celebes. LEPTOHYMENIUM Schwaegrichen _LEPTOHYMENIUM TENUE (Hook.) Schwaegr. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9316. MACROTHAMNIUM Fleischer MACROTHAMNIUM MACROCARPUM (Reinw. et Hornsch.) Fleisch. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker 827. ELMERIOBRYUM Brotherus ELMERIOBRYUM PHILIPPINENSE Broth. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1340: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20309 McGregor. ECTROPOTHECIUM Mitten ECTROPOTHECIUM MONUMENTORUM (Dub.) Jaeg. Luzon, Panay Iloilo Province, Salug River, on rocks, altitude 280 me- ters, Bur. Sci. 18090, 18103, 18218 Robinson. ECTROPOTHECIUM ASSIMILE Broth. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Tigom River, on rocks, altitude 150 meters, Bur. Sci. 18048, 18054 Robinson; Salug River, on trees, altitude 500 meters, Bur. Sci. 18128, 18143 Robinson. ECTROPOTHECIUM MICROPYXIS Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling near Los Bafios, Baker 2611: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19921 McGregor. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1310. 216 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 ECTROPOTHECIUM LUZONIAE (C. Miil.) Broth. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19923, 19935, 20308, 20311 McGregor. ECTROPOTHECIUM FERRUGINEUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, and on rocks, al- titude 600 to 750 meters, Bur. Sci. 17011, 17017, 17030, 17046, 17049 17058 Robinson. Area: Luzon. ECTROPOTHECIUM SUBINTORQUATUM Broth. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19920, 20307 Mc- Gregor: Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 850 meters, Bur. Sci. 17066 Robinson. ECTROPOTHECIUM ELEGANTI-PINNATUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg. PaNaAy, Iloilo Province, near Camp Larena, altitude 800 meters, Bur. Sci. 18195 and Larena, on Ficus, altitude 850 meters, Bur. Sci. 18209 Rob- inson. PALAWAN, Cabinbin River, on decaying logs, Weber 1564. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 9862 Robinson. ECTROPOTHECIUM ELMERI Broth. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19924 McGregor. ECTROPOTHECIUM CALLICHROIDES (C. Mill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on wood, oe and dead, altitude 789 meters, Bur. Sci. 17101 Robinson. ECTROPOTHECIUM BRACHYPHYLLUM Broth. sp. nov. Dioicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, rigidis, pallide lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis elongatus, densiuscule foliosus, irregulariter vel remote foliosus, ramis patulis, in- aequalibus, valde complanatis, simplicibus, raro longioribus, parce ramulosis; folia falecatula, e basi oblonga breviter lanceo- lato-acuminata, apice serrulata, nervis, binis, brevibus vel obso- letis, cellulis angustissime linearibus, alaribus vix ullis, omnibus laevissimis; bracteae perichaetii longius acuminatae, superne serrulatae. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 1272: Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, on boulders in forest, altitude about 2,000 meters, Merrill 7838. Species E. buitenzorgii (Bél.) Jaeg. valde affinis. ECTROPOTHECIUM ICHNOTOCLADUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Lutab to Kabayan, Bur. Sci. 8788 Mc- Gregor. Area: Sikkim, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, and Amboina. ECTROPOTHECIUM CYPEROIDES (Hook.) Jaeg. ‘Luzon, Tayabas Province, Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20919 Escritor: Cag- ayan Province, Abulug River, Weber 1589: Laguna Province, Los Banos, Baker 2381, 2384, 2378. MINDANAO, Bukidnon Subprovince, Weber 1505. xuLc,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines P17 TRISMEGISTIA (C. Mill.) Brotherus TRISMEGISTIA LANCIFOLIA (Harv.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, on trees, Bur. Sci. 16669 Ramos. MINDANAO, Misamis Province, For. Bur. 17950 Miranda. BASILAN, Bur. Sci. 16266 Reillo. TRISMEGISTIA RIGIDA (Hornsch. et Reinw.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maguiling, For. Bur. 20854 Villamil; Mount Banahao, Baker 2326. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14900 Ramos. ISOPTERYGIUM Mitten ISOPTERYGIUM ALBESCENS (Schwaegr.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker. ISOPTERYGIUM MINUTIRAMEUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on stones, altitude 700 me- ters, Bur. Sci. 17023 Robinson, and on dead wood, Bur. Sci. 17029 Rob- inson. Area: Java, Banca and Borneo. ISOPTERYGIUM TAXIRAMEUM (Mitt.) Jaeg. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18154 Robinson; Tinayoc, on earth, altitude 210 meters, Bur. Sci. 18085 Robinson, and Tigom River, on trees, altitude 170 meters, Bur. Sci. 18050 Robinson. Area: Himalaya, Khasia, Ceylon, Sumatra, Formosa, Assam and Japan. VESICULARIA (C. Miill.) C. Miiller VESICULARIA RETICULATA (Doz. et Molk.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Baker 2586. VESICULARIA CAMPYLOTHECIUM (Broth.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Baker 2586: Rizal Province, Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 20996 Ramos. VESICULARIA MEYENIANA (Hamp.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17203 Robinson. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Suague River, on rocks, altitude 225 meters, Bur. Sci. 18151 Robinson. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18467 McGregor. VESICULARIA SUCCOSA (Mitt.) Broth. _ Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14340 Me- Gregor. Area: Nepal and Sikkim. VESICULARIA FILICUSPES Broth. a Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Baker 2333. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14889 Ramos. TAXITHELIUM Spruce . . TAXITHELIUM INSTRATUM (Brid.) Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17928 Brown. Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18145 Robinson. TAXITHELIUM NEPALENSE (Schwaegr.) Broth. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 21344, 21842 Ramos: Laguna Province, 156153 ——2 218 ae The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Los Bajios, on stones in creek, Baker 42: Batangas Province, Bur. Sci. 22412 Ramos. PANAY, Iloilo Province, Santa Barbara, on Mangifera in- dica, altitude 25 meters, Bur. Sci. 18145 Robinson. \ TAXITHELIUM (POLYSTIGMA, APTERA) BAKERI Broth. sp. nov. Antoicum; tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, depres- sis, cortici adnatis, laete viridibus, aetate lutescentibus, opacis; caulis elongatus, repens, dense et regulariter pinnatim ramosus, ramis patulis, vix ultra 3 mm longis, valde complanatis, dense foliosis, cum foliis vix ultra 1 mm latis, simplicibus, obtusis; folia lateralia patula, concaviuscula, ovato-lanceolata, subintegra, enervia, cellulis anguste linearibus, dense seriatim papillosis, marginalibus brevioribus et latioribus, laevissimis, alaribus vix diversis. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Bafios, Baker 2379, 2400. Species T. Kaernebachii (Broth.) Broth. valde affinis, sed foliis longius acuminatis dignoscenda. TAXITHELIUM (POLYSTIGMA) ROBINSONII Broth. sp. nov. Antoicum; tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, mollibus, late extensis, lutescenti-viridibus, sericeo-nitidis; caulis elonga- tus, repens, per totam longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense ramosus, ramis adscendentibus, vix ultra 5 mm longis, densius- cule foliosis, complanatis, simplicibus, obtusis; folia patentia concaviuscula e basi contracta ovato-lanceolata, breviter subu- lato-acuminata, superne argute serrata, enervia, cellulis angus- tissimis, superioribus indistincte et tenerrime seriatim papillosis, alaribus vesiculosis paucissimis; bracteae perichaetii internae e basi vaginante subsensim longe subulatae, superne argute ser- ratae; seta usque ad 2.5 cm alta, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima; theca inclinata, minuta, asymmetrica, sicca sub ore constricta, fusca. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Bur. Sci. 9820, 9864 Rob- mson, Species T. benguetiae Broth. affinis, sed foliis superne argute serratis, cellulis indistincte seriatim papillosis nec non seta multo longiore optime diversa. : TAXITHELIUM PERCAPILLIPES Broth. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19431 Ramos. TAXITHELIUM LINDBERGI! (Bryol. jav.) Ren. et Card. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 650-700 meters, Bur. Sci. 17031, 17100 Robinson: Camarines Province, Mount Ca- uayan, Bur. Sci. 22166 Ramos. TAXITHELIUM ALARE Broth, Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 900 me- ae a xuL¢,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 219 ters, Bur. Sci. 17077 Robinson: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19919 McGregor. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14894 Ramos. TAXITHELIUM BENGUETIAE Broth. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20226 McGregor. TAXITHELIUM (LIMNOBIELLA) MERRILLI! Broth. sp. nov. Antoicum; robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, sordide fusco-viridibus, opacis; caulis elongatus, repens, laxe foliosus, inferne parce, superne densius pinnatim ramosus, ramis patulis, vix ultra 5 mm longis, densiuscule foliosis, com- planatis, cum foliis usque ad 1.9 mm latis, simplicibus, attenua- tulis vel obtusis; folia ramea lateralia patula, concava, e basi contracta ovalia, obtusiuscula, plerumque apiculata, apice minu- tissime serrulata, nervis binis, brevissimis, plerumque obsoletis, cellulis linearibus, superioribus indistincte et tenerrime seriatim papillosis, alaribus paucis vesiculosis, supra alaribus paucis subquadratis; seta c. 1.5 cm alta, tenuis, rubra. Caetera ignota. PALAWAN, Taytay; Merrill 8992. TAXITHELIUM PAPILLATUM (Harv.) Broth. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Bur. Sci. 14585 Ramos. BILIRAN, Bur. Sci. 18460, 18469 McGregor. LEUCOMIACEAE LEUCOMIUM Mitten LEUCOMIUM ANEURODICTYON (C. Mill.) Jaeg. : Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17212 Robinson. Area: Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Amboina. SEMATOPHYLLACEAE MEIOTHECIUM Mitten MEIOTHECIUM MICROCARPUM Harv.) Mitt. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sc 14347 McGregor. MEIOTHECIUM JAGORI (C. Miill.) Broth. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14897 Ramos. MEIOTHECIUM OBTUSUM Broth. sp. nov. Antoicum; robustiusculum, pallide fuscescenti-viride, nitidum ; caulis elongatus repens, per totam longitudinem hic illic fusco- radiculosus, dense foliosus, plus minusve dense pinnatim ramo- sus, ramis teretibus, simplicibus, c. 1-2 cm longis vel longioribus, parce ramulosis; folia sicca imbricata, suberecta, concava, laevia, elongate oblonga, breviter acuminata, apice recurvo, obtuso, marginibus late recurvis, integerrimis, enervia, cellulis valde incrassatis, lumine angustissimo, alaribus oblongis, vesiculosis, omnibus laevissimis; seta c. 5 mm alta, tenuissima, rubra, 220 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 superne mamillis humillimis, latis instructa; theca horizontalis, minuta, oblonga, fusca. Caetera ignota. Luzon, Laguna Province, summit of Mount Maquiling, Baker 2762. Species M. fornicato (Card.) Broth. valde affinis, sed foliis angustio- ribus, acumine angustiore dignoscenda. RHAPHIDOSTEGIUM (Bryol. eur.) de Notaris RHAPHIDOSTEGIUM SAPROXYLOPHILUM (C. Miill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, on bamboo, Bur. Sci. 16673 Ramos: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 21341: Ramos. RHAPHIDOSTEGIUM (APTYCHUS) LUZONENSE Broth. sp. nov. Rhaphidostegium tristiculum Broth. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 93 nec (Mitt.) Jaeg. Antoicum; robustum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, lutes- centibus, sericeo-nitidis; caulis elongatus, repens, per totam longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense foliosus, dense pinnatim ramosus, ramis arcuato-adscendentibus, simplicibus, obtusis; folia homomalla, concava, oblongo-elliptica, lanceolato-acumi- nata, marginibus late recurvis, integerrimis vel apice remote et minutissime serrulatis, enervia, cellulis elongatis, angustis, haud incrassatis, pellucidis, basilaribus infimis brevioribus, aureis, alaribus vesiculaeformibus, supraalaribus laxe subquadratis, aureis, omnibus laevissimis; bracteae perichaetii internae erec- tae, vaginantes, subsensim lanceolato-acuminatae, integrae; seta ¢c. 1 em alta, tenuissima, rubra, laevissima; theca subhorizon- talis, e collo breviusculo ovalis vel oblonga, minuta, sicca deoper- culata sub ore constricta, fusca; operculum longe rostratum. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Sanchez 6, 11, Fcr. Bur. 15639 Curran; Baguio and vicinity, Bur Sci. 14053 Robinson. Species Rh. subhumili (C. Mill.) Jaeg. et Rh. phaeniceo (C. Mill.) Jaeg. affinis sed statura multo robustiore oculo nudo jam dignoscenda, a Rh. tristiculo (Mitt.) Jaeg., quocum olium confusi, cellulis angustioribus, pellu- cidis diversa. TRICHOSTELEUM (Mitt.) Jaeger TRICHOSTELEUM HAMATUM (Doz. et Molk.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 660 to 1,000 me- ters, Bur. Sci. 17009, 17028, 17070, 17150, 17106 Robinson; Mount Banahao, Baker 2325. Var. SEMIMAMILLOSUM (C. Mill.) Par. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 700 me- ters, Bur. Sci. 17021 Robinson: Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27096 Ramos. TRICHOSTELEUM (PAPILLIDIUM) BASILANENSE Broth. sp. nov. Antoicum: tenellum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, depres- sis, lutescenti-fuscescentibus, nitidiusculis; caulis elongatus, xu,¢,4 Brotherus: Bryological Flora of the Philippines 291 repens, per totam longitudinem fusco-radiculosus, dense pinna- tim ramosus, ramis dense foliosis, complanatis, brevibus, simpli- cibus vel longioribus parce ramulosis; folia patentia, concava, e basi contracta elongate et anguste elliptico-oblonga, in acumen subloriforme, plerumque semitortum sensim attenuata, margini- bus late recurvis, inferne minute, superne argute serratis, ener- via, cellulis anguste ellipticis, superioribus papilla media incon- spicua instructis, alaribus magnis, oblongis, vesiculosis, hyalinis vel luteis; bracteae perichaetii internae e basi vaginante raptim longe subulatae, superne argute serratae; seta usque ad 8 mm alta, tenuissima, rubra, apice scaberula; theca suberecta, minu- tissima, ovalis, atropurpurea; operculum e basi conica oblique subulatum. BASILAN, Cumalarang, Bur. Sci. 16268 Reillo. Species Tr. Boschit (Doz. et Molk.) affinis, sed foliorum forma setaque brevi jam dignoscenda. SEMATOPHYLLUM (Mitt.) Jaeger SEMATOPHYLLUM SUBULATUM (Hamp.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 700 to 1,100 meters, Bur. Sci. 17024, 17058, 17065, 17117, 17160, 17163 Robinson. SEMATOPHYLLUM ALTOPUNGENS (C. Miill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17315 Robivison & Brown. ; SEMATOPHYLLUM HYALINUM (Reinw.) Jaeg. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 900 to 1,000 me- ters, Bur. Sci, 17054, 17076, 17084 Robinson: Pampanga Province, Mount Arayat, Bur. Sci. 22449 Ramos. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14903 Ramos. SEMATOPHYLLUM HERMAPHRODITUM (C. Miill.) Besch. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, altitude 1,000 meters, Bur. Sci. 17098, 17116, 17319 Robinson: Sorsogon Province, Bur. Sci. 28746 p.p. Ramos. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14901 Ramos. SEMATOPHYLLUM (CHAETOMITRIELLA) LUZONENSE Broth. sp. nov. Dioicum; robustiusculum, caespitosum, caespitibus densis, viri- dibus vel lutescenti-viridibus, nitidis; caulis repens, dense ramo- sus, ramis usque ad 4 cm longis, dense ramulosis, ramis et ramulis dense foliosis, complanatulis, cuspidatis; folia patentia, cochleariformi-concava, ovato-ovalia, in acumen elongatum, pili- forme contracta, marginibus erectis, integerrimis, enervia, cellu- lis incrassatis, conflatis, lumine angustissime lineari, flexuosulo, basilaribus infimis abbreviatis, aureis, alaribus quaternis, oblon- go-vesiculosis, fusco-aureis, omnibus laevissimis; bracteae peri- chaetii erectae, foliis conformes, sed minores, acumine serrato, cellulis basilaribus laxioribus; seta 1.5 cm vel paulum ultra alta, 222 The Philippine Journal of Science tenuissima, rubra, summo apice mamillis latis, humillimis obtecta; theca horizontalis, cylindrica, collo tuberculoso, atro- purpurea; operculum e basi convexa longissime subulatum. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on base of buttress-roots of living tree, altitude 600 meters, Bur. Sci. 17010 Robinson. Species S. pilifero Broth. affinis, sed stratura duplo minore, foliorum forma nec non seta multo breviore optime diversa. BRACHYTHECIACEAE . RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Bryol. eur. RHYNCHOSTEGIUM VAGANS (Harv.) Jaeg. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19932 McGregor. Area: Nepal, Sikkim, Java, Ceram and Ternate. HY PNODENDRACEAE HYPNODENDRON (C. Miill.) Lindberg HYPNODENDRON FORMOSICUM Card : Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, on trees, altitude 750 to 1,000 meters, Bur. Sci. 17094 Robinson. MNIODENDRON Lindberg MNIODENDRON DIVARICATUM (Reinw. et Hornsch.) Lindb. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 20328 McGregor. MINDANAO, Butuan Subprovince, Weber 1304. MNIODENDRON FUSCOMUCRONATUM (C. Mill.) Broth. ¢ Luzon, Bataan Province, Bur. Sci. 22042 Medina. Btiran, Bur. Sci. 18458 McGregor. RHACOPILACEAE RHACOPILUM Beauvois RHACOPILUM SPECTABILE Reinw. et Hornsch. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Baker 1326: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19929 McGregor: Nueva Vizcaya Province, vicinity of Dupax, Bur. Sci. 14849 McGregor. BiLiRAN, Bur. Sci. 18457 McGregor. CAMIGUIN DE MINDANAO, Bur. Sci. 14888 Ramos. PANAY, Iloilo Province, near Camp Larena, altitude 800 meters, Robinson. POLYTRICHACEAE POGONATUM Beauvois POGONATUM ALBOMARGINATUM (C. Mill.) Jaeg. Luzon, Abra Province, Mount Posuey, Bur. Sci. 27087 Ramos. POGONATUM MICROSTOMUM R. Br. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai. Baker 1338. POGONATUM SPURIO-CIRRATUM Broth. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banahao, Merrill 7532, Bur. Sci. 19594 Ramos: Benguet Subprovince, Merrill 7831. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vou. XIII, No. 4, Juty, 1918. THE FUNGI CULTIVATED BY TERMITES IN THE VICINITY -OF MANILA AND LOS BANOS By WILLIAM H. Brown (From the College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and from the Bureau of Science, Manila) TWO PLATES It is well known that certain species of termites use their excreta for building combs upon which grow fungi that serve as food for the young and for the queen. Petch’ has given a very extensive account of the fungi of the termite nests of Ceylon and, more recently, has written a general review of the literature on termite fungi. In the latter publication? he has shown that the same fungi occur on termite combs in very widely separated geographical regions. Certain termites, which are very common in the vicinity of Manila, build nests that in many ways are similar to those described by Petch. These nests are of two types. One con- sists of a mound of earth which may be a meter or more in height and frequently in addition has cavities underground. The other is entirely underground. Within the nest are a large number of cavities connected by passages. In the center of the - mounds (Plate III, fig. 1) there is usually a hard portion which contains the queen chamber and smaller cavities and passages connected with it. Outside of this region the cavities are larger and usually contain combs. Plate III, fig. 2, represents a section of the outer portion of a large nest. The combs (Plate IV, fig. 1) are composed of small balls closely packed together and appear to be built from the excre- ment of the termites. In this, they agree with Petch’s descrip- tion. Their composition is quite different from the substratum of the “fungus gardens” of the Attii which according to Belt * are usually composed of fragments of leaves but also of flowers ‘ Petch, T., The fungi of certain Termite nests, Ann. Bot. Gard. Pera- deniya 3 (1906) 185-270, f. 3. 2 Petch, T., Termite Fungi: A résumé, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5 (1913) 303-341. * Belt, Thomas, The Naturalist in Nicaragua (1874), ed. 2 (1888). 223 224 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 and fruit. Tanner‘ reports that the ants work these fragments with their mouth parts and then place them in position. The termite combs, from Manila and Los Bajios, (Plate III, fig. 2, and Plate IV, fig. 1) lie loosely on the floor of the larger cavities or chambers of the nest. They are brown, either flat or convexo-concave, about 2 centimeters thick and from a few to many centimeters in diameter. The passages in the combs are either rounded or elongated and run from the top to the bottom of the comb. They are frequently simple or a few may be connected together. In the following discussion, the different fungi found on the termite combs in the vicinity of Manila and Los Bafios, will be treated separately. THE “CONIDIAL” SPHERE (AEGERITA DUTHEI BERK.) The termite combs in the vicinity of Manila and Los Bajios are impregnated with fungus hyphae and their surfaces are thickly dotted with rounded fungoid bodies on short stalks (Plate IV, fig. 1). These appear to be entirely similar to those described from Ceylon by Petch and are probably eaten by the termites, as what seem to be spores from these can be found inside the young termites. Holtermann,’ who studied the termites of India and Malaya, described these white, stalked, spherical bodies which occurred on the mycelium of the termite combs. Holtermann and Doflein * both found that these were eaten by the termites. Doflein suggests that these bodies form the food of all the larvae and the sexual individuals, while at a certain stage the soldiers and workers adopt another kind of food. The geographic distribu- tion of these spheres is summarized by Petch? as follows: Holtermann regarded these spheres as identical in all the nests he examined, whether in Ceylon, Java, Singapore, or Borneo. It is, I think, clear from the description and figures of the Madagascar species that the latter is identical with that found in Ceylon; and from Berkeley’s figures the Ceylon species is certainly the same as that found in India. Fur- thermore, Tragardh’s description and figures of the fungus on the combs of T. vulgaris in the Sudan agree well with the Ceylon species. I have not been able to find any reference, in the literature at my disposal, to ‘Tanner, J. E., Oecodema cephalotes, the parasol or leaf-cutting ant, Trinidad Field Nat. Club 1 (1892) 68-69. * Holtermann, C., Botanische Untersuchungen (1899) 411-420, *Dofiein, F., Die Pilzkulturen der Termiten, Verhandl. Deutsch. Zool Gesellschaft (1905) 140-149. *Petch, T., Termite fungi: A résumé, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5 (1913) 308-341. - XIII, C, 4 Brown: Fungi Cultivated by Termites 295 any similar fungus in termite nests in Australia or America, but in all the countries in which the fungus on the termite comb has been carefully examined the species is the same, as far as can be determined from a conidial form only. In discussing the connection of these spheres with higher fungi occurring on termite combs Petch * says: It has been the aim of all mycologists who have studied the subject to establish a connection between the conidial fungus, (Aegerita Duthei) and one of the other termite fungi, but so far all these attempts have proved fruitless. THE XYLARIA When the combs from the vicinity of Manila or Los Bafios were removed from the nests and placed in covered battery jars, a sterile form of what appeared to be a Xylaria always grew from them. These growths had a white core surrounded by a dense black layer which was tomentose with white to black hyphae. Branched specimens were rare except in cases where the developing fungus had come in contact with a solid object. The growths showed two very distinct types between which there were all degrees of intergradation. The largest (Plate IV, fig. 3) had a rudimentary stalk above which there was an oval shaped portion which usually tapered into a long whiplike extremity. The two largest specimens of this type were re- spectively 2.5 and 1 cm in diameter in the widest portion and 52 and 99 cm in length. The other extreme type (Plate IV, fig. 2) was a threadlike form averaging about 2 mm in diameter and 30 cm in length. The longest was 3 mm in its greatest diameter and 152 cm in length. Others were less than 1 cm long. The production of these two types seemed to be in- fluenced by the age of the combs, the smaller type appearing in general on the oldest combs. The smallest specimens of the smaller type were produced under very dry conditions. A va- riety of these sterile forms is shown in Plate IV, fig. 3 while Plate IV, fig. 2 represents.a cone bearing a large number of the smaller type. The Xylaria-like growths do not seem to come sa the conidial spheres on the combs as after the combs are removed from the nests the spheres turn brown and disappear in a few days. On the second day after the combs are placed in the battery jars they become covered by a very sparse growth of white mycelium, which comes out from the substance of the comb and not from the spherical bodies. On the third day * Petch, T., op. cit. 226 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 feathery columns of white hyphae grow up, apparently, from _ the mycelium in the interior of the comb. As these columns increase in length the central portions become denser and in seven to ten days the separate columns have metamorphosed into the Xylaria-like structures. The outermost hyphae remain as a tomentose covering while the tips, especially in the larger type, are frequently composed of a mass of loose white hyphae. The sparse growth of hyphae which covered the comb under- goes a similar change and comes to have the appearance of a loose black net. In two cases combs were placed in earth in brick flower pots, the combs being covered by a layer of earth about 2 cm deep. In the first case the pot was left uncovered. The structures produced were of the larger type and curled around the soil without appearing at the surface. In the other case the pot was placed under a battery jar. The Xylaria-like structures produced were mostly of an intermediate type but there were a few threadlike forms about 10 cm in length which were covered by a loose layer of conidiophores. The conidiophores grew out perpendicular to the axis of the fruit body and ter- minated in club-shaped four-lobed heads on which numerous rows of spores were borne. The entire head formed a some- what flattened spherical structure. The spores were catenulate and from 4 to 5 » in diameter. These spores are similar to the conidiospores ascribed to Xylaria furcata Fr.° Similar coni- diophores were also produced on some sclerotia grown on agar. These sclerotia were obtained by taking a few hyphae from a developing sterile form and transferring them to agar in test tubes. In a few days these produced other sterile sclerotia from 6 to 10 cm in length and from 3 to 7 mm in diameter. By transferring hyphae from these to fresh tubes, before the _ sclerotia had turned black, other sclerotia were again produced. This process was repeated six times without any apparent dimi- nution in the vigor of the growth. As some of these sclerotia dried out they became covered by a loose layer of conidiophores similar to those previously described. The entire structure of these fertile forms agrees quite well with the description which Petch gives of the Xylarias grown by him in pots except that his stromata were smaller, never being more than 1 cm in length. In one jar simple conidiophores were produced on sclerotia grown on combs. These formed a dense covering around the ° Petch, T., Termite fungi: A résumé, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5 (1918) 303-341. r] XIII, C, 4 Brown: Fungi Cultivated by Termites 227 apical part of the fruit bodies. The spores were oval and about 3 by 2 uw. Petch reports simple conidia with spores from 4 to 6 by 2 » from Xylaria nigripes. The development and general appearance of the sterile Xylaria-like structures is very similar to Petch’s description. The forms grown by him under bell jars showed a much greater tendency to branch than did the form under discussion; and were in general smaller, the longest mentioned by him having a length of only 14 cm. Petch, however, describes other forms which grew out of a deserted nest from combs 40 to 50 cm below the surface. These must have had a length comparable to that of those grown in Manila. The larger of the Manila types is, moreover, paralleled to some extent by sclerotia which he found in the same nest. These are described as black, ir- regular or fig-shaped, up to 8 cm in length and 3 cm in breadth. The lower left-hand figure in Plate IV, fig. 3 agrees very well with this description. Petch *° in writing of the Xylarias on termite combs says: To simplify matters, we may for the present adopt von Héhnel’s view, that there are two species of Xylaria present. Petch, however, apparently thinks that there is only one species as in discussing the number of species or termite combs, he says: Apparently there are two, bat t-eve are several facts which make it probable that these are forms of one species. If there is only one species present, this is Xylaria nigripes Klotzsch. The ascigerous forms of Xylaria nigripes occurs at Los Bafios on deserted termite nests, so that, although no con- nection has been traced between the Xylaria grown on termite cones and the ascigerous form of Xylaria nigripes, it is probable that this species is represented among the sterile forms. Xylaria furcata is a dichotomously branched species. The only dichotomously branched specimen in my cultures was an abor- tive one grown at Los Bajfios. This never turned black and did not develop further than the loose feathery stage. On the other hand, the catenulate spores, mentioned above, are similar to those ascribed to Xylaria furcata. The absence of branched specimens and the presence of these spores would seem to be another point of evidence indicating that Xylaria furcata is simply a form of Xylaria nigripes. *” Petch, T., op. cit. 228 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Petch * gives the following discussion of the distribution of Xylaria nigripes: Summing up, we find that Sclerotum stipitatum has bzen found in ter- mite nests in India, Ceylon, Java, and Africa; Xylaria nigripes occurs in the same situation in Ce_lon, Java, Madagascar, and probably Brazil; and Xylaria furcata in Ceylon and Java. X. nigripes has been recorded from other countries also, without any reference to its connection with termite nests. But in all such cases it is said to grow on the ground, not on wood. In Ceylon neither X. nigripes nor X. furcata are found except growing from termite nests. The writer has not observed any Xylaria-like structures in termite nests, but Blanco * describes, under the name Sclerotium subterraneum, some sclerotia which came from a termite nest and which, judging by his description, had an appearance very similar to the larger form above considered. According to Petch * similar structures are found in India, Ceylon, Java, and Africa. Blanco’s name is older than Sclerotum stipitatum Berk. and Curr. The general appearance of the substance of the black net- work which grew over the combs in the vicinity of Manila and > Los Bafos, was very similar to the stromata of the Xylaria, while the structure of the individual cells of the two seemed to be identical. On some of these threadlike growths there appeared small, white, spherical sclerotia which in superfi- cial appearance resembled very closely the spherical bodies on the combs. These sclerotia contained only one kind of conidia-like cells, but these, though smaller, have the same appearance as the conidia in the spherical bodies on the cones in the nests while the hyphae on which the two are borne appear to be entirely similar except for size. When these sclerotia were examined under a microscope they appeared to arise from the cells of the black threads and no other fungus hyphae were apparent. The hyphae of the sclerotia, moreover, had an appearance which except for size seemed to be identical with the hyphae which formed the stromata of the Xylarias. The presence of these sclerotia would suggest the possibility that the “conidial” spheres on the combs might grow from the hyphae of the Xylaria. Petch observed small spherical sclerotia in his cultures. These, however, contained no conidia but in two cases produced | Xylaria stromata. “ Petch, T., op. cit. * Blanco, M., Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 584, * Petch, T., op. cit. XIII, C, 4 Brown: Fungi Cultivated by Termites 2299 THE AGARIC Petch * describes in considerable detail the agaric, Collybia albuminosa (Berk.) Petch, which grows from the actual combs in the termite nests. He ** makes the following statements con- cerning its habitat: The agaric arises from the nest while it is still inhabited by the ter- mites. It seldom appears on the actual termite hill, but usually among the grass round the base. At Peradeniya it is more frequently found growing from subterranean nests which have not yet attained the hill stage, and whose presence is indicated by a few small chimneys only. Its geographic distribution is summarized by Petch™ as follows: The occurrence of agarics in or around termite nests has been recorded from Ceylon, India, Singapore, Java, Borneo, and Brazil. The species in question is usually regarded as edible, and for that reason it has fre- quently been included in collections of tropical agarics; it is, for example, due to that fact that we have the records relating to termite nests in India. The names under which the agaric has been described differ in dif- ferent countries, and even from the same country it has had several names bestowed upon it, but from a comparison of the descriptions, and the type specimens in some cases, it is quite certain that the species which develops from termite nests is the same in all the countries in which it has been found up to the present. Although this fungus is very common on termite nests, it has not been grown from the combs removed from the nests. The agaric occurs in two forms, identical so far as pilei are concerned, but differing in the character of the stalk. In one form the stalk is almost uniform in diameter throughout. In the other the lower part of the stalk is about two millimeters in diameter, but as it ascends to the soil it expands up to 1-2 centi- meters in diameter. While in Los Bajios, my attention was called by Doctor E. B. Copeland to an agaric which appeared to be growing from the ground but which he had traced to termite combs in subter- ranean nests. This fungus showed two forms which Doctor Copeland has identified as the two forms of the agaric described by Petch from Ceylon. At Los Bafios, as in Ceylon, this fungus appears to grow only from termite nests, and to be always connected with the combs. “ Petch, T., The fungi of certain termite nests, Ann. Bot. Gard. Pera- deniya 3 (1906) 185-270, fig. 8. * Petch, T., Termite fungi: A résumé, Ann. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 5 (1913) 303-341. * Petch, T., op. cit. ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE IIT Fic. 1. Vertical section through the center of a termite nest. The white strip of paper in the left of the picture is 50 centimeters in length. In the center of the nest is seen a compact structure with numerous passageways. This structure contains the queen cavity. 2. Vertical section through the peripheral part of a termite nest. The cones are seen very plainly in the cavities, PLATE IV Fig. 1. A small termite cone slightly reduced. The fungus bodies appear as white spots. That the cone is composed of a large number of round structures can be seen from the picture. These struc- tures are the balls of termite excreta. 2. A termite cone producing a large number of small Xylaria-like structures. 8. A variety of Xylaria-like structures produced by termite cones. The scale represents 20 centimeters divided into centimeters. 231 BROWN: FuNGI CULTIVATED BY TERMITES. ] [PuHIL. Journ. Scr., C, XIII, No. 4. Fig. 1. Vertical section through the center of a termite nest. Fig. 2. Vertical section through the peripheral part of a termite nest. PLATE Ill. BROWN: FUNGI CULTIVATED BY TERMITES. ] [PuIL. Journ. Sct., C, XIII, No. 4. ‘cial ae pa Ba 20cm Fig. 1. A small termite cone slightly reduced. small Xylaria-like structures. 3. A variety cone. PLA 2. A termite cone producing a large number of of Xylaria-like structures produced by termite TE TV. THE PHILPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vou. XIII, No. 4, Juny, 1918. FUNGI FROM BRITISH NORTH BORNEO By Harry S. YATES (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila) The fungus flora of Borneo is at present but little known. In 1844 Léveillé* cited two species of Exidia, one of which is described as new, collected in Borneo by Korthals. Berkeley ? gives a list of thirty-four fungi collected in Borneo; of these one is described as new. Nineteen are referred to the genus Polyporus and of the remainder all but three belong either to the Polyporaceae or Agaricaceae. In 1898 Massee* cited nine species of fungi from the east coast of British North Borneo, one of which is described as new. Three species belong to the Agaricaceae and the remainder are Polyporaceae. Hennings‘ describes a species of Omphalia from western Borneo near Beng- kajang. Bresadola® gives the results of a study of a collection of fungi made by Winkler in 1908 in southeast Borneo. In this paper he cites twenty-one species all appertaining to the higher fungi, three of which are described as new. In 1912 Sydow * described five new species of lower fungi all collected in south- east Borneo by Winkler. By far the most important paper dealing with Borneo fungi is that of Cesati’ in which the fungi collected by Beccari during his travels in Borneo are listed and the new forms described. Unfortunately this publication is not available in Manila, but by a search through Saccardo’s Sylloge Fungorum what is be- lieved to be a fairly complete list of the fungi known from Bor- neo has been compiled. The total number of fungi reported from Borneo previous to the present paper is two hundred ninety-six; of these about thirty are Agaricaceae, eighty-three Polyporaceae, sixteen Thelephoraceae, three Clavariaceae, and one Hydnaceae, making a total of one hundred thirty-two to be referred to the higher fungi. Of the remainder, forty-three species belong to the Xylariaceae and about thirteen to the 1 Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III 2 (1844) 167-221. ? Hooker Journ. Bot. Kew Miscel. 4 (1852) 161-164. > Kew Bulletin (1898) 119-120. *Hedwigia 32 (1893) 63, t. 7, f. 8. 5 Ann. Myc. 9 (1911) 549-553. * Ann. Myce. 10 (1912) 77-85. " Atti Accad, Sci. Napoli 8 (1878) 1-28, t. 1-4 156153——3 233 234 . The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 Hypocreaceae. A few species each of Phallaceae, Lycoperda- ceae, Nidulariaceae, Sphaeriaceae, and Pezizaceae are reported. Other groups are represented in the list by only one or two species. Four Laboulbeniaceae have been reported from the island. Up to the present time only one species of Meliola had been recorded from Borneo. In examining the data in reference to the number of fungi reported from Borneo it is to be noted that most of the species belong to groups in which the plants are relatively large and conspicuous. Comparatively few representatives of the smaller leaf parasites appear in the list. In listing the fungi reported from Borneo, I have made no attempt to adjust the synonomy and so the actual number of distinct forms is probably consider- ably less than the figures as given above would indicate. The extent of our knowledge of Bornean fungi appears to be at least no greater than that possessed of Philippine fungi previous to 1906 when Ricker’s * compilation showed less than two hun- dred species to be known from the Archipelago. While no exact data is available at the present time, it is probable that the known Philippine fungi number between 2,000 and 2,500 species. In fact it seems likely that our knowledge of Bornean fungi at the present time is comparatively less than was our knowledge | of the Philippine forms in 1906, since in 1906 a proportionately far larger number of inconspicuous forms of Philippine fungi were known than is the case regarding the smaller forms in Borneo. The present paper gives the results of a study of a small collection of fungi secured by the writer during a recent visit to British North Borneo. The fungi were collected incidental to other work and were mostly secured in the lowlands along the coast as no time was available for excursions into the forests of the interior. As is to be expected a large proportion of the specimens secured are referable to well known and widely dis- tributed species. Five apparently new species are described and a number previously unknown from Borneo are recorded. CENANGIACEAE TRYBLIDIELLA Saccardo TRYBLIDIELLA MINDANAENSIS P. Henn. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 53. British NortH BorNEo, Membakut, Yates 116, October 9, 1917, on dead branches of Hevea brasiliensis; Tenom, Yates 87, October, 1917, on the same host. * Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 277-294, XIII, C, 4 Yates: Fungi from British North Borneo 235 This is one of the commonest species of the lower fungi in the Philip- pines and apparently is also abundant in Borneo. It is a saprophyte and occurs in all sorts of dead wood. It has also been collected in the Philip- pines on dead branches of Hevea brasiliensis. PERISPORIACEAE MELIOLA Fries MELIOLA PTEROCARPIAE sp. nov. Maculis epiphyllis, subpelliculosis, atris, orbicularibus vel suborbicularibus, 2 ad 6 mm diametro, vel confluentibus et mag- nam parten folium occupante, mycelio tenuissimo, ex hyphis parce ramosis brunneis 6 ad 8 » crassis composito; ramis ple- - rumque oppositis; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, alternanti- bus, cellula superiore ovata, 11 ad 18 X 19 ad 12 p, cellula inferiore 5 » longa; hyphopodiis mucronatis paucissimis, ampulli- formibus, usque ad 18 » longis; setis mycelicis validis, rectis, erectis, atris, opacis, simplicibus, acutis, 200 » longis, 10 ad 12 » crassis; peritheceis numerosis, globosis, atris, opacis, 125 ad 140 » diametro; ascis ovatis, bisporis, mox diffluentibus; sporidiis cylindraceis, utrinque late rotundatis, 4-septatis, ad septa con- strictis, brunneis, 38 ad 40 X 12 ad 15 un. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, Tenom, Yates 102, October 17, 1917, on leaves of Pterocarpus indicus. Parasitized by Spegazzinia and associated with Phaeodothiopsis ptero- carpae Yates. MELIOLA OTOPHORAE sp. nov. Maculas epiphyllas, atras, orbiculares vel suborbiculares, 2 ad 5 mm diametro; mycelio abundante, ex hyphis rectis vel tortuo- sis brunneis 7 ad 8 » crassis composito; ramosis, ramis ple- rumque alternantibus; hyphopodiis capitatis numerosis, cellula superiore oblonga vel subinde lobata, 10 ad 12 ,» longa, 6 ad 10 » lata, cellula inferiore 5 ad 6 » longa; hyphopodiis mucro- natis paucissimis, ampulliformibus, usque ad 15 , longis, setis mycelicis erectis, rectis, obscure brunneis, 350 ad 450 ,» longis, 7 ad 8 » crassis, acutis; peritheceis numerosis, globosis, atris, _opacis, 150 ad 200 » diametro; ascis ovoideis, 30 ad 35 X 18 ad 20 u, bisporis; sporidiis 4-septatis, ad septa constrictis, cylin- draceis, utrinque obtusis, brunneis, 30 ad 32 » longis, 8 ad 12 be latis. BRITISH NorTH BoRNEO, Sapong, Yates 107, October 16, 1917, on the leaves of Otophora fructicosa. MELIOLA JASMINICOLA P. Henn. in Hedwigia 34 (1895) 11. BRITISH NorTH BORNEO, Bangawan, Yates 94, October 10, 1917, on Jasminium sambac. 236 The Philippine Journal of Science oie Hennings’ description of material from Tonkin states that the perithecia are 240 to 300 » in diameter, in the Bornean material they are about 150 # in diameter; the spores are given as 30 to 36 x 10 to 15 » and in our specimens they are 40 to 45 x 15 to 18 ». I have referred this material to Meliola jasminicola because comparison with material in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science (Merrill 7469) of a Meliola on Jasminium sambac determined by Sydow as M. jasminicola shows the same variation as do the Bornean specimens. MELIOLA MANGIFERA Earle in Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 9 (1904) 307. BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, Membakut, Yates 111, October 9, 1917, on leaves of Mangifera indica. Our specimens differ in certain details from the description, but in general seem to agree closely enough to be placed here. In our material the spots are mostly on the upper surface of the leaves but occur also upon the lower surface. The setae are comparatively few and all of one sort; they are 500 to 700 » long and the tips are acute. The species was originally described from Jamaica and has also been collected in the Phil- ippines, Porto Rico, and India. - CAPNODIACEAE AITHALODERMA Sydow AITHALODERMA CLAVATISPORUM Syd. in Ann. Myc. 11 (1918) 257, 7. @. BRITISH NoRTH BorRNEO, Sandakan, Yates 83, October 26, 1917, on leaves of Acrostichum aureum; Yates 83a, on Mallotus polyanthus. This species was first described on Voacanga globosa from the Philip- pines and has since been collected on Psidium guajava, Ixora coccinea, Antidesma bunius and Sandoricum indicum. The Borneo specimens ap- pear to be referable here though the mycelium is much less dense than in the Philippine material. The entire upper leaf surface is covered by a black coating which is readily.removed as a pellicle. CAPNODIUM Montagne CAPNODIUM sp. Mycelium crustaceous, widely effused and entirely covering the upper surface of the leaf, black; hyphae brown, septate, branched, articulations varying, but mostly 5 to 10 u long, constricted at the septa, 5 to 8 u in diameter, lighter brown filamentous hyphae are also present; pycnidia cy- lindric, enlarged at the base, 500 to 700 » long; perithecia numerous, 100 # in diameter; no ascospores found. BRITISH NorRTH BoRNEO, Membakut, Yates 99, October 9, 1917, on leaves of Annona. Patouillard, in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 20 (1904) 185, has described a species of Capnodium (C. anonae Pat.) on Annona squamosa from Poly- nesia, but it appears to differ very considerably from our species. Cap- nodium anonae has been reported on leaves of Ficus and Agave from India by Sydow and Butler in Ann. Myc. 9 (1911) 384. XIII, C, 4 Yates: Fungi from British North Borneo 237 HYPOCREACEAE MEGALONECTRIA Spegazzini MEGALONECTRIA PSEUDOTRICHIA (Schw.) Speg. in Anal. Soc. Cienc. Argent. 12 (1881) 217. Sphaerostilbe pseudotrichia B. & Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875) 114, Nectria pseudotrichia B. & C. in Journ. Acad. Phila. II 2 (1835) 289. Sphaeria pseudotrichia Schw. in Berk. & Curt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II 2 (1853) 289 (as synonym). BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, Tenom, Yates 86, October 16, 1917, on dead branches of Hevea brasiliensis. This is very abundant on dead branches lying on the ground and is often associated with Diplodia cacaoicola. HYPOCREA Fries HYPOCREA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Stromatibus gregariis, sessilibus, convexo-pulvinatis, 3 ad 6 mm diametro, extus brunneis, intus pallide brunneis; peritheceis globosis, immersis, ostiolis punctiformibus, brevis, ascis cylin- draceis, aparaphysatis, 70 ad 80 X 5 ad 6 y, 8-sporis (simulate 16-sporis) ; sporidiis monostichis e duabus cellulis aequalibus compositis, mox decedentibus, cellulis singulis globosis, hyalinis, 4 ad 5 » diametro. BRITISH NorRTH BoRNEO, Membakut, Yates 100, October 9, 1917, on de- caying log of Hevea brasiliensis. PHYLLACHORACEAE PHAEODOTHIOPSIS Theissen et Sydow PHAEODOTHIOPSIS PTEROCARP!I 4p. nov. Stromatibus epiphyllis, numerosis ca. 0.5 ad 1.5 mm diametro, dispersis, carbonaceis, hemisphaerico-pulvinatis, laevibus, atris, in maculis fuscidulis, 2 ad 3 mm diametro dispositis; loculis ca. 6 ad 12, 80 ad 120 » diametro, globosis; ascis cylindraceis, 50 ad 60 » longis, 10 » latis, 8-sporis, paraphysatis; sporidiis dis- tichis, oblongis, utrinque rotundatis, brunneis, ad basim 1-septa- tis, constrictis, cellula superiore 10 X 12.5 yn, inferiore 3 ad 4 » longa et 3p lata. , BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, Tenom, Yates 104, October 17, 1917, on leaves of Pterocarpus indicus. This species is very abundant on the leaves of Pterocarpus, associated with Meliola pterocarpiae Yates, The 2-celled brown spores readily dis- tinguish it from the other Phyllachoraceae reported upon this host. Co- nidia are borne on the younger stromata. They are subglobose or somewhat irregular in shape, brown and about 10 to 12 » diam. 238 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 TRABUTIA Saccardo et Roumeguére TRABUTIA VERNICOSA Theiss. et Syd. in Ann. Myc. 13 (1915) 353. British NorTH BORNEO, Bangawan, Yates 92, October 10, 1917, on leaves of Ficus sp. This specimen is apparently to be referred to this species which has previously been collected only in Mindoro, Philippines. It appears to be very abundant on Ficus in Borneo. MY COSPHAERELLACEAE MYCOSPHAERELLA Johanson MYCOSPHAERELLA ALOCASIAE Syd. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1918) Bot. 195. BRITISH NORTH BoRNEO, Tenom, Yates 84, October 16, 1917, on leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza. Unfortunately the specimens are rather immature and the spores are not fully developed, but otherwise the material agrees well with Mycos- phaerella alocasiae which is very common on Alocasia and related plants. VALSACEAE EUTYPA Tulasne EUTYPA BAMBUSINA Penz et Sacc. in Malpighia 11 (1897) 501; Ic. Fung. Java (1904) t. 28, f 1. BriTIsH NoRTH BoRNEO, Papar, Yates 110, October 14, 1917, on dead bamboo. This was first described from Java, and is one of the most abundant species in the Philippines. It appears to occur only upon dead bamboo. XYLARIACEAE DALDINIA de Notaris et Cesati DALDINIA CONCENTRICA (Bolt.) Ces. et De Not. in Comm. Critt. Ital. 1 (1863) 198. Sphaeria concentrica Bolt. Hist. Fung. Halifax 3 (1791) 180 t. 1. BRITISH NoRTH BoRNEO, Membakut, Yates 69, October 9, 1917, on dead log of Hevea brasiliensis. A cosmopolitan species very common on many kinds of dead wood in the Philippines and one of the few species collected by me that has pre- viously been reported from Borneo. KRETZSCHMARIA Fries KRETZSCHMARIA ? PECHUELII P. Henn. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 14 (1891) 365, t. 6, f. 10. BRITISH NoRTH BorNEO, Tenom, Yates 103, October 17, on a dead and half decayed log of Hevea brasiliensis. Kretzschmaria pechuelii was described by Hennings from material col- lected on dead stumps in Africa. In our material the fungus is about 15 millimeters high, the sterile portion branching, the branches contiguous ee ee ee ee ee ee eee Tee eee ee a ee Pg ee | ar XIII, ©, 4 Yates: Fungi from British North Borneo 239 and the more or less spherical fertile portions at the end of each branch also contiguous and forming a crust. Our material appears to be some- what larger and more robust than the form described by Hennings. The asci were not seen but the spores agree very well with Hennings’ de- scription. This may be a distinct species but in the absence of material of K. pechuelii for comparison I have referred it to that species. USTULINA Tulasne USTULINA ZONATA (Lév.) Sacc, in Syll. Fung. 1 (1882) 352. Sphaeria zonata Lév. in Ann. Sci. Nat. III 3 (1845) 48. BRITISH NoRTH BORNEO, Membakut, Yates 112, October 9, 1917, on the base of trunks of living Hevea brasiliensis. This fungus was first described from material obtained on a palm in Java. It causes a serious disease of tea in Ceylon and is now known to cause a rather important disease of Hevea brasiliensis in Malaya. It has also been reported on Hevea brasiliensis and a number of other hosts in Ceylon. THELEPHORACEAE CORTICIUM Persoon CORTICIUM SALMONICOLOR B. et Br. in Journ, Linn. Soc. Bot. 14 (1875) 16 Fs Necator decretus Mass. in Kew Bull. (1898) 119. Corticium javanicum Zimmerman in Centralbl. Bakter. 7 (1901) 103. Corticium zimmermanni Sacc. et Syd. Syll. Fung. 16 (1902) 117 (Nomen); Syll. Fung. 17 (1905) 169. BriTIsH NorTH BorNEO, Membakut, Yates 114, October 9, 1917, on living branches of Hevea brasiliensis; Yates 115, on branches of Annona. This fungus was first described from Ceylon material about 1875 and apparently did not attract attention again until about 1897 when it ap- peared on coffee in Malaya. Specimens sent to Kew were described by Massee as a new genus and species of fungi imperfecti which he named Necator decretus Massee. In 1901 Zimmermann reported the fungus on coffee, tea, Bixa orellana and Erythroxylon coca in Java and connected Necator decretus Massee with the perfect stage which he described as Corticium javanicum Zimm. It was first reported from Borneo by Ridley in 1904 on Hevea sent from Sandakan. It is now known to occur prac- tically throughout the tropical regions of the orient and a recent report indicates its presence in Porto Rico. It causes a very serious disease of rubber in Malaya and Borneo and of tea in Ceylon. In the Philippines it causes a rather serious disease of Citrus. POLYPORACEAE. DAEDALEA Persoon DAEDALEA IMPONENS Ces, in Atti Accad. Sci. Napoli 8 (1878) 7. Funalia philippinensis Murr. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 34 (1907) 469. British NortH Borneo, Tenom, Yates 105, October 17, 1917, on dead partly decayed logs. While the specimens differ in some respects from Cesati’s description, as given in the Sylloge Fungorum, they agree fairly well with specimens 240 The Philippine Journal of Science in the Bureau of Science herbarium so named by Bresadola. When fresh the margin of the pileus was lavender in color, soon fading however to brown. SPHAERIOIDACEAE PHYLLOSTICTA Persoon PHYLLOSTICTA HEVEAE Zimm. in Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenz. 10 (1901) 21. BRITISH NoRTH BORNEO, Membakut, Yates 113, October 9, 1917, on leaves of Hevea brasiliensis. This specimen is referred here though it differs in some respects from Zimmerman’s description. The spores are about 8 x 3.5 to 4 » and the ends are obtuse. PHYLLOSTICTA MELOCHIAE sp. nov. _Maculis amphigenis, orbicularibus, 2 ad 4 mm diametro; albescentibus, linea fusco-purpurea cinctis; pycnidiis epiphyllis sparsis, immersis, minutissimis, atris, 45 ad 60 » diametro, poro vix conspicuo, contextu subopaco, irregulariter parenchymatico; sporulis paucis, subglobosis, hyalinis, 5 ad 6 X 4 ad 4.5 p diametro, intus granulosus. BRITISH NoRTH BORNEO, Tenom, Yates 109, October 16, 1917, on Melochia leaves. The spots are small and irregularly scattered over the leaf. The affected tissue finally drops out leaving holes in the leaf. DEMATIACEAE CERCOSPORA Fresenius CERCOSPORA MANGIFERAE Koord. Bot. Unters. Java Pilz. (1907) 236, f. 47. BRITISH NorTH BorNEO, Bangawan, Yates 93, October 10, 1917, on leaves of Mangifera indica. ~ This species was first described from Java and is a common fungus on this host in the Philippines. The leaf spot produced by the fungus ap- parently causes very little injury to the tree. 3 ; i ; q E THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, C. BOTANY. Vou. XIII, No. 4, July, 1918. SOME MICROTECHNICAL METHODS AND DEVICES By WALTER R. SHAW (From the Department of Botany, University of the Philippines, Manila) FIVE TEXT FIGURES CONTENTS . Ocular micrometers used as stage micrometers. . The square-ruled micrometer used as a position indicator. The square-ruled micrometer for drawing to scale. . Capillary glass rods for cover-glass supports. . Autographic records on micrographic negatives. A method of recording magnification on micrographic negatives. . Concentration of glycerin hastened by the vacuum pump. . A method for making sealed glycerin mounts. . The Osterhout mounting method adapted to Volvocaceae. 10. A plankton net for larger organisms. 11. Washing devices for small objects. 12. Methods of estimating the number of cells in spheroidal surfaces. During several years of teaching botany and pharmacognosy, and collecting and preparing material for a study of the Volvoca- ceae of the vicinity of Manila, it has been found expedient to employ modifications of the methods laid down in the various laboratory handbooks. For the most part these modifications, made to meet requirements of the work in hand and local con- ditions, have originated in suggestions obtained during many years from many sources which it would now be difficult, if not impossible, to trace. The methods and devices here pre- sented have served useful purposes for the writer and his stud- ents in the past and are here published that they may be available for others in the future. OCULAR MICROMETERS USED AS STAGE MICROMETERS In an instruction laboratory in which each compound micro- scope is furnished with a linear and a square-ruled micrometer disk, each of these scales may be used as a stage micrometer for determining the value of the intervals of the other used as an ocular micrometer. The disk to serve as the stage micro- meter is easily affixed to a clean slide with a capillary film of water. By this means I am enabled to give simultaneously to all the students of a class exercises in the determination of the micrometer scale values without the expense of supplying a stage micrometer for each student. 241 242 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 THE SQUARE-RULED MICROMETER USED AS A POSITION INDICATOR For the purpose of referring to specific parts of the micro- scope field in the discussion of objects in view under the com- pound microscope, the square-ruled ocular micrometer scale is in some ways superior to the field pointer. When so using the scale I assign numbers to the transverse rows of squares and letters to the vertical rows so that each small square in the scale may be specifically indicated by a number with a letter. The Zeiss scales that I use are not marked with numbers. If the scales were to be so marked I would prefer that the trans- verse rows be numbered and the vertical rows lettered. The obvious advantage of using this accessory instead of a field pointer is that many different parts of the field can be indicated without readjustment of the apparatus. THE SQUARE-RULED MICROMETER FOR DRAWING TO SCALE For use in drawing to scale from the compound microscope all students in my classes in botany and pharmacognosy since 1911 have been supplied with square-ruled ocular micrometers. I have found it convenient to use for the drawing a thin: semi- transparent paper of suitable texture, and to place under it a paper scale ruled into squares corresponding to those of the ocular scale. Using a Zeiss No. 3 huygenian micrometer ocular containing a micrometer disk with a 5 mm square ruled at 0.5 mm intervals each way and a paper scale 90 mm square ruled at 9 mm intervals, magnifications of 120 and 500 diameters are obtained with the Zeiss achromatic objectives A and D, respectively. As paper scales for any desired magnification can be easily provided, this method affords unrestricted choice within a greater range of available magnifications than can be had with a camera lucida. The dimming of the microscope image and the complication of light adjustments attendant on the use of the Abbe camera lucida are avoided by the use of the square micrometer as an aid in drawing. And the expense of equipment and detérioration is comparatively insignificant. CAPILLARY GLASS RODS FOR COVER-GLASS SUPPORTS In making Venetian-turpentine mounts of delicate objects as variable in size as the Volvocaceae it is desirable to have cover- glass supports of greater range of thickness than is afforded *The use of a translucent drawing table illuminated from below, with the square-ruled scale on thin paper or on the glass of the table, would make it possible to use thicker drawing paper. XIII, ©, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 243 by the use of fragments of cover glasses. Pieces of capillary glass rods serve this purpose well. Ordinary glass rods are heated to softness in a flame and drawn out to suitable thinness. As they then taper more or less it is well to pass the drawn rods through the jaws of a cover-glass tester, of the type manu- factured by Zeiss, and break them at points corresponding to the limitations selected for a series of grades according to size. I keep the graded pieces of rod in marked watch glasses or vials and break them into short lengths for use. Four short pieces are distributed on the slide in the Venetian turpentine before the cover is added. A light clip is used to make the cover settle down on the rods. One advantage of using rods instead of bits of cover-glass is that the rods, being approximately cylin- drical, may have their thickness determined, at any time after being mounted, by the use of the ocular micrometer. AUTOGRAPHIC RECORDS ON MICROGRAPHIC NEGATIVES These may be made by a device so simple that it seems prob- able that it has already been employed. I have used it for numbering negatives, but it is suitable for any autographic re- cord, which it may be desirable to make on a micrographic or other photographic plate in the laboratory, and might be adapted to service with a plate camera in the field. The data are written with black drawing ink on a piece or pieces of trans- parent celluloid. Kodoid plates furnished the celluloid used by me. For serial numbers the labels were prepared in advance. After all adjustments have been made preliminary to insertion of the plateholder, the celluloid label is attached by bits of adhesive tape to the metallic diaphragm close to the focal plane _ of the camera, in a part of the field selected for the purpose. Its location may be verified by making another inspection of the image on the ground glass before inserting the plate holder for the exposure. A METHOD OF RECORDING MAGNIFICATION ON MICROGRAPHIC NEGATIVES It is a simple matter to photograph the image of a slide- micrometer scale on a negative beside the image of any micro- scopic object so that the scale and object appear side by side on the photographic positive and any reproduction. The advantage of this method of indicating the scale of magnification over that in which the scale is drawn on the finished print is obvious. For this purpose one side of the circular camera field is blocked out by a screen attached to the metallic diaphragm, 244 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 which in every good micrographic camera is close to the ground glass and plate. The necessary adjustments are made to bring the image of the object near the shadow of the screen, and the exposure is made. Then the plate holder is removed; a second screen is fixed to the diaphragm to block out the re- mainder of the field, its edge just touching the first screen, after which the first one is removed. The micrometer slide is then substituted for the object slide on the stage of the microscope and adjusted to throw its image on the unexposed portion of the plate. A second exposure of the plate is then made of the same duration as the first. Pieces of black paper with straight edges serve for screens and are easily fixed in place by pieces of adhesive tape. Sheets of black metal would do as well or better, and clips might be provided for holding them in place. Or a pair of diaphragms with complementary openings might be employed in place of the single diaphragm with its circular opening. However, the use of adjustable screens has the advantage of permitting varia- tion of the position of the scale to suit the size of the object image. To facilitate the adjustment of the micrometer slide there may be gummed to its upper side two strips of black paper; one across the slide to block off all the space beyond one end of the scale, and the other lengthwise to block off as much of the scale lines as is superfluous, leaving exposed only a short portion of each of the lines which mark the smaller divisions. The slide thus blocked may be very quickly brought into position on the microscope stage and afterward brought into focus. CONCENTRATION OF GLYCERIN HASTENED BY THE VACUUM PUMP In his most admirable presentation of the glycerin and Venetian-turpentine methods of making microscopical prepara- tions, Chamberlain ? directs that the material, properly prepared, be put in 10 per cent glycerin (1 part glycerin and 9 parts water) and the water allowed “to evaporate gradually in a place as free from dust as possible.” He specifically states that: It is not necessary to use an exsiccator. Merely put the glycerin into shallow dishes, and leave it exposed to the air, but protected from dust. If the material is in Petri dishes or other dishes with a large surface, 3 or 4 days will be sufficient. This process should not be hastened by warming. — * Chamberlain, Chas. J., Methods in Plant Histology, 3d revised edition, Chicago (1915)\ 93 and 98. XII, C, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 245 Working with Volvocaceae and other algae at Manila, I have not found the above specified procedure satisfactory. It was sometimes successful, but often the evaporation of the water from the glycerin was so slow that fungus mycelia devel- oped to the ruination of the specimens which were exposed to the air in shallow dishes, but protected from dust. And, usually, glycerin which has been concentrated becomes greatly diluted by absorption of atmospheric moisture on extended ex- posure to the air. I have secured satisfactory evaporation of the water from the glycerin for small quantities of material by the use of the desiccator, and for larger quantities by the use of.the vacuum pump. But to provide for the suppression of fungous growth during early stages of evaporation, and on holi- days when the vacuum pump, located in the power house, is not in operation, thymol was added to the dilute glycerin. The glycerin solution was prepared by dissolving 0.9 gm of thymol in 9 ce of 95 per cent alcohol, adding the solution to 900 cc of distilled water and shaking, and finally adding 100 cc of - glycerin and shaking again. While the thymol prevents fungous growth, it cannot be relied on to serve indefinitely in open dishes, for it seems to escape in the course of time. And pieces of thymol, to be of service, would need to be fastened below the surface of the liquid. In using the desiccator for the evapo- ration, it is preferable to have the material in vials with narrow mouths, or if it be in wide shallow dishes, to keep the dishes nearly covered to insure that the evaporation and concentra- tion be not too rapid. For concentrating glycerin containing from 2.5 to 25 ec of Volvocaceae wide-mouthed bottles of 250 cc capacity are used. Each bottle is provided with a rubber stopper with two holes. In one hole is placed a bent glass exit tube which does not extend below the stopper. In the other hole is placed a glass tube of which the lower end is drawn to capillary fineness. It is broken off until, by trial, a suitable nozzle is obtained. It does not extend below the bottom of the stopper. The upper end is filled with a plug of cotton just dense enough to serve as a dust arrestor. The specimens in dilute glycerin are placed in the bottle, which is filled with the solution up to the shoulder. The stopper with its tubes is inserted in the bottle, and the outlet tube is connected with the vacuum apparatus. In the system used the pressure varies, but averages about one-fifth of an atmosphere. When the vacuum cock is open the air jet from the capillary nozzle should produce a depression in the 246 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 surface of the liquid without undue stirring or agitation. Sev- eral days are required for concentration of the glycerin. Too rapid concentration causes shrinkage of the specimens. Passing the air admitted to the bottle through calcium chloride tubes and a sulphuric acid gas drier does not materially accelerate the evaporation. When smaller quantities than 2.5 cc of material are to be treated, the specimens in dilute glycerin are placed in a cylin- drical vial about 23 mm wide and 80 mm deep, which is filled to a depth of about 70 mm. This vial is then placed in the larger bottle so as to stand under the air jet. When used in this way the larger bottles are provided with a floor of paraffin, which is melted and then cooled while the bottle stands on a level sup- port, to give it a flat, level surface. The use of an aspirator or aspirator pump for providing the air blast is yet to be tried. A METHOD FOR MAKING SEALED GLYCERIN MOUNTS Sealing mounts in concentrated or dilute glycerin presents a difficulty that does not occur in the use of aqueous media, which on evaporation leave the cover and slide surfaces dry; namely, the impossibility of securing contact of the cementing medium with glass surfaces which have become coated with a film of the nonvolatile glycerin. And, further, owing to its hygroscopic property, the glycerin takes up atmospheric moisture through the least crevice, expanding, and exuding in damp weather, and evaporates, contracting, and drawing air under the cover, until, after the seasonal changes of several years, slides defectively sealed are likely to become completely dry. This difficulty can be obviated by using a cement which is readily freed from a glycerin coat and providing contact of the cement with the glass surfaces before the glycerin is applied. I have made mounts of the larger Volvocaceae, which require considerable space between slide and cover, and these are in good condition after three years. The cement used is an alco- holic solution of shellac. It is applied with a brush. The method will now be described in detail. Orange flake shellac is prepared by covering it with 95 per cent alcohol and allowing it to stand for several days. If the resulting solution be too thin it is allowed to evaporate partially; if too thick more alcohol is added. A camel’s hair brush for applying the shellac is inserted in a perforated rubber stopper of a bottle of 95 per cent alcohol, in which it is kept when not in use. . — XIII, C, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 247 A clean slide is placed on a self-centering turntable, with care that if it be slightly curved it shall rest on its ends and not on its middle. With the table rotating slowly a ring of shellac is applied to the slide. This ring is made of such width that there are several millimeters of ring both within and without the area of the circular cover glass to be used. The slide is placed in a desiccator for the shellac to harden, after which additional rings are added in the same manner until the ring has been built up to the required thickness. Then, the ring being dried to a suitable consistency, the slide is placed on the turntable, rotated, preferably by means of a motor, and the inner edge of the ring is trimmed away with a sharp instrument. This leaves the inner side of the ring nearly perpendicular, doing away with the sloping beach on which specimens would be liable to get stranded and be crushed by the cover glass. It is preferable that the thickest part of the ring be at or near its inner edge, and therefore well within the periphery of the cover. A clean, circular cover glass is then laid on the ring and, if the consistency of the ring be just right, a slight pressure on its center with a clean needle will cause it to stick sufficiently to permit the application of a thin ring of shellac to the cover. This ring is made with its inner diameter the same as that of the slide ring and extends just to the outer edge of the cover. The cover is then removed from the slide and placed in a desic- cator for the shellac to harden. The specimens in glycerin are placed on the slide with suffi- cient liquid to fill the space within the ring. The cover is placed on the liquid with its ring lowermost and pressed gently upon the slide ring. For continued pressure cylindrical metal weights, a little smaller than the cover, are used. Superfluous glycerin is removed from the upper surface of the slide ring with the moistened end of a strip of filter paper. Then the slide is placed on the turntable and shellac is applied so as to occupy all space between the two shellac rings. Finally the slide is again placed in a desiccator for hardening the shellac. Failures will be indicated, after a time, according to the con- dition of the atmosphere to which the mounts are exposed. In moist atmosphere there will be exudation of the liquid, and in dry atmosphere bubbles will appear and grow. It is not desirable to use glass supports for regulating the thickness of the chamber of these mounts unless such supports are sealed in place, for they are very liable to get loose and damage delicate specimens if the slides are not kept constantly in a horizontal position. 248 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 The advantage of the foregoing procedure is that it provides ample contact of the cementing medium with both cover and slide and affords ample support for the cover against such pres- sure as it may be necessary to employ for occasional cleaning of the upper surface of the cover. Further, it provides for the exclusion of specimens from beneath that part of the cover glass which may be overlapped by the sealing ring. And the sealing ring may be kept entirely below the level of the upper side of the cover in case it is desired to employ close-working objectives for the marginal regions of the mount. THE OSTERHOUT MOUNTING METHOD ADAPTED TO VOLVOCACEAE A rapid method of mounting in aqueous media which was devised by Osterhout* is rendered more suitable for the larger Volvocaceae by the use of glass rodlets for cover-glass supports. It has been employed successfully for mounting stained speci- mens in nearly concentrated glycerin. I will describe the method as modified for my special purpose. For each mount a larger cover glass, 18 mm square, and a smaller one, 11 mm square, are used. A pair of covers 22 and 15 mm square would give the same margin. It is advantageous to provide a special slide for the preliminary manipulations. This Wl UW) SY SS YY, ~ SIN Fic. 1. Special slide with preparation ready for transfer to permanent slide. Glass or paper guides cemented in place, a; larger cover, b; balsam droplets, c; glass rodlets, d; smaller cover placed over the ruled square on the slide, e; depression in slide for forceps, f; material, the nine round bodies. Somewhat enlarged. may consist of a slide with a small hollow-ground depression, to which are affixed glass or paper guides for holding the larger cover glass in position concentrically over a ruled square of the size of the smaller cover, the guides and ruled square being so placed that the hollow in the slide admits the tip of a forceps point under the margin of the larger cover glass. This ar- *Osterhout, W. J. V., Contributions to cytological technique, Univ. California Publ. Bot. 2 (1904) 73-90. XIII, ©, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 249 rangement is shown in fig. 1. The larger cover is placed on this holder slide and a small drop of Canada balsam is placed on it near each corner. A glass rodlet of the required size is placed on each droplet so as to project into the area of the smaller cover, and pressed into contact with the cover. The balsam is 7 allowed to thicken or harden. Specimens in approximately the ) proper quantity of glycerin are placed on the center of the larger cover glass and covered with the smaller cover. Excess of glycerin is removed by use of a capillary pipette or a piece of a slightly moistened filter paper, with care not to moisten the margin of the larger cover or the upper surface of the smaller cover. » oT XIII, ©, 4 Shaw: Microtechnical Methods 259 For cases in which very small areas suffice for the count a circle of 314 square microns was used, the radius being 10 microns, and the corresponding constant, k, is 100. This served for counts of cells of daughter coenobia within the parents. For very large coenobia with widely separated cells the area taken for count was 31,416 square microns, the radius being 100 microns, and the constant, K, 10,000. ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT FIGURES Fic. 1. Special slide with preparation ready to transfer to permanent slide. Glass or paper guides cemented in place, a; larger cover, b; balsam droplets, c; glass rodlets, d; smaller cover placed over the ruled square on the slide, e; depression in slide for forceps, f; material, the nine round bodies. Somewhat enlarged. 2. Sectional view of permanent mount. Slide, s; larger cover, b; smaller cover, k; glass rodlets, d; balsam, c; material, m. About 23 times natural size. 3. Smaller washing apparatus made from a calcium chloride tube. Diaphragm of cork or rubber, d; filter paper, f; material, m; filter paper wicks, w and w’; glass tube, t; rubber connection, r; cork hanger, c; supply of water, s; base of stand, b. x 4. 4, Larger washing apparatus made from a flask. Diaphragm of cork or rubber, d; filter paper, f; material, m; plug, p; support- ing rod, n; rubber stopper with two holes, s; glass tubes, ¢ and t’; rubber connection, c; base, b; filter paper wicks, w and w’; supply of water, x; wick in front view of lip, w”. x 4%. 5. A sketch of cells of a coenobium included within an area of 8,100 sq. “ indicated by the portion of the square-ruled ocular micrometer sketched at the same time. In practice the grouping lines, here drawn dotted, are drawn in red ink. The upper right square was not used because of some interfering object, the appended square at the right being substituted for it.