Rarer Cai ae ae RRL IIR RB epee IE e: if @ v6 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF Ny _—e SOUTH WALES 5, se 1879. ie vou. x 2 8 EDITED BY A. LIVERSIDGE, Professor of _— and Mineralogy in the University of Seance THE AUTHORS OF cert ea ARE ALONE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS MADE D THEREIN. AND THE OPINIONS EXPRESSE AGENTS FOR THE SOCIETY Messrs. Tribner & Co., 57, Ludgate Hill, London, E. Cc. SYDNEY : THOMAS RICHARDS, GOVERNMENT PRINTER. Lope pene é NOTICE. All Donations presented to the Soctety are acknowledged by letter, and in the printed Proceedings of the Society. The Smithsonian Institute, Washington, U.S.A., and Messrs. Tribner & Co., 57, Ludgate Hill, London, have kindly undertaken to receive and forward parcels of books and printed matter intended for the Society. i! ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. JOURNAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL-SOCIETY NEW SOUTH WALES 1879. i i ae eS ee EDITED BY A. LIVERSIDGE, Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Sydney. THE AUTHORS hid PAPERS ARE ALONE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS oe DE AND THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED THEREIN. AGENTS FOR THE SOCIET f Messrs. Triibner & Co., 57, Ludgate Hill London, E.C. : a SYDNEY: THOMAS RICHARDS, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, 1880, ivid, ES Ge al G Wig es Ne FR NE iF Viele ' mt en NOTICE. THE Roya Society of New South Wales originated in 1821 as the ‘Philosophical Society of Australia”; after an interval of inactivity, it was resuscitated in 1850, under the name of the *‘ Australian Philosophical Society,” by which title it was known until 1856, when the name was changed to the “ Philosophical Society of New South Wales”; and finally, in May, 1866, by the sanction of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, it assumed its present title. CONTENTS. VOLUME XIII. Art, I.—List or OFFICERS, tie and List of Members...... Art, II.—Anniversary ApDpREss, by wer Hon. Professor Smith, M.D., C.M.G., Vics Bice MOORE, -eetyevstete ctu Art. III.—The ‘‘Gem” Cluster i in Argo. me H. C, Russell, to A., FLR.A.S. Art, IV.—The International poise le of Geologists, Pari 178 By Professor Liversidge, tompe of nee Arr. V. ae pod of Sydney Harbour. By Rev. W. Hey ras Art, VI.—On the ems Rg as Distichopora, with a Monograph of the Sous. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S. Apr, VI. eres the Geological Formations of New Zealand wags ase with org of Australia. By James Hector, M:D., C. a @; 8. ART, VIIL.—On he spent of Australia in connection with those of the Mozambique and of the South of Africa. By Hyde aes res President, Anthropological Insti- tute, London ART. osesg emma i its relation to Popular Education. By L. Hart Art. X.—Ottelia preterita, F.v.M. By Baron von Miiller, K.C.M.G., M.D., Ph. D:, FBS. Art, XI.—Compiled Canina s —— Stars, Epoch 1880. By H. 8. Hawkins, Arr, XII.—Notes on the occurrence : remarkable Boulders in ro Hawkesbury Rocks. By C. 8. Wilkinson, L.S., Arr. XIII.—The Wentworth Hurricane. By H. C. Russell, B.A., F.R.A.S. Art, XIV.—PrRocrerepines Arr, XV.—ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY ART, ,» &V1,—List or EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS ,,......+ 97 to 104 109 to 118 121 to 138 139 to 149 150 to 157 ro “ ‘ } CONTENTS, PAPERS READ BEFORE THE SECTIONS. Art. XVII.—ReEportTs FROM THE SECTIONS 1 . On a new method of prating — Maps. By H. C. Russell, B.A., F.R z a ae of 64 se ancl by, ioe Sept. 4th. By John T nw ebbutt ee on the conjunction of Mars and Saturn, oo lst, 1879. By H. C. Russell, B.A, A.S. ed 4, The River Dariing, the water which should Pee rer aanca By H. C. Russell, B.A., ct . Notes on some recent objectives pe aS by Carl Zeiss, pig a eee o> 2 2 “S et oO RQ 8 gé BB cee, SB. na on8 py on hh ne et 5 ® & gs 5 5 eee ete eee eee ‘f paar Pie saul By T. E, Hewett a Art Criticism. By E. L. Montefiore....,....... 9. The Black Forest. ag notes agp by L, Hart during a tour in Germany in 1861 . Art Instruction, “8 John nla rane 1], Ten years at Gladesville. By F. Norton Mannin a; M.D ereeee Ee. o ArT. XVIII.—Aprrz “Abstract of the needa Cieerewtiak. ror - ge Sydney Observatory, B H. C. Russell, B.A., Arr, XIX.—Lisr or copy testo Art, XX.—Inpex The Ropal Society of Ale South Wales. OFFICERS FOR 1879-80. i ccceemenimell HONORARY PRESIDENT: HIS EXCELLENCY Tue Rr. Hon. LORD AUGUSTUS LOFTUS, G.C.B., &0., &o., &0. PRESIDENT: VICE-PRESIDENTS HON. J. SMITH, C.M.G., M-L.C., M.D., LL.D., &c. CHARLES MOORE, F.LS. HONORARY TREASURER: H. C. RUSSELL, B.A., F.R.AS., F.MLS., &c. (Resigned, July, 1879.) H. G. A. WRIGHT, M.R.C.S. (Hlected, August, 1879.) HONORARY SECRETARIES: PROFESSOR LIVERSIDGE. | Dr. ADOLPH LEIBIUS. COUNCIL: CRACKNELL, E. C. HUNT, ROBERT, F.G.S. DIXON, W. A,, F.CS. MONTEFIORE, E. L. HIRST, G. D. ROLLESTON, C., C.M.G. ASSISTANT SECRETARY: Ww. Bi INDEX TO RULES. 4 Famer rg Meeting... > o bo bo ie . eR Sete Sea 8 Ft of a ee. ee ed era RPE eine te ee RR ae Ree ee Casio cat ee of deena bi est ms ie eae Jee ae ce from Council ee ve ae ae pet" od ge Alteration of Rules ne a a fe aa Pee Veer) ee Admission of Visitors .. a me oe ie ze ee of Members... das 7 we a ic cag Annual Subscription “ip is A. we abs a + O 1a » in Ae ats . wae Ballot, election by, oe peice iad Donnoil of Members . sr Busines: is Grae of ; Branch Soke. ties f ey Quorum Candidates for Admission Committees or Sections .., ii ” vee soe re eee Election of new Members es, » Notification of . pains Entrance Fee PP Expulsion of emai nt tou Sree of #8 vant SGsisadomabest of 2 * “ - & Governor, Honorary President .., bas isa ae ee oo ., Cmts Oot Money 0. 4; ; oe oe Honorary Members mn Res a BW ass sai vee ane eee one eee . . » Annual ‘2 ae fs - vee ee Members, Honorary wits ‘o a ae B. i 2 a Motey Gra’ Object of om Soviets Office-bearers bys 4 “teen oe see amonoal ” Order of Business President i Honorary se Property of the Society ... rum 4s, ae wat es ae » from Sections 0 Scrutineers, A ppointment« of Sections, Members wie ° Sections or Commi aries, Hon., Dates ‘of es rise ant +e f Sections ... Sabecripiona, arrears Vasainihe cee Visitors RULES. © (Revised October 1st, 1879.) eee Object of the Society. I. The object of the Society is to receive at its stated meetings original papers on Science, Art, Literature, and Philosophy, and ly on such subjects as tend to develop the resources of Australia, and to illustrate its Natural History and Productions. Honorary President. II. The Governor of New South Wales shall be ex officio Honorary President of the Society. Other Officers. III. The other Officers of the Society shall consist of a President, who shall hold office for one year only, but shall be eligible for re-election after the lapse of one year; two Vice- Presidents, a Treasurer, and one or more Secretaries, who, with six other Members, shall constitute a Council for the management of the affairs of the Society. Election of Officers and Council. IV. The President, Vice-Presidents, Secretaries, Treasurer, and the six other Members of Council, shall be elected annually by ballot at the General Meeting in the month of May. V. It shall be the duty of the Council each year to prepare a list containing the names of members whom they recommend for election to the respective offices of President, Vice-Presidents, Hon. Secretaries and Hon, Treasurer, together with the names _ Of six other members whom they recommend for election as ordinary members of Council. | The names thus recommended shall be proposed at one meeting of the Council, and agreed to at a subsequent meeting. xiii Such list shall be suspended in the Society’s Rooms, and a copy shall be sent to each ordinary member not less than fourteen days before the day appointed for the Annual General Meeting. VI. Each member present at the Annual General Meeting shall have the power to alter the list of names recommended by the Council, by adding to it the names of any eligible members not already included in it and removing from it an equivalent number of names, and he shall use this list with or without such alterations as a balloting list at the election of Officers and Council. The name of each member voting shall be entered into a book, kept for that purpose, by two Scrutineers elected by the members present. No ballot for the election of Members of Council, or of New Members, shall be valid unless twenty members at least shall record their votes. Vacancies during the year. VII. Any vacancies occurring in the Council of Management during the year may be filled up by the Council. Candidates for admission, VIII. Candidates must be at least twenty-one years of age. Every candidate for admission as an ordinary member of the Society shall be recommended according to a prescribed form of certificate by not less than three members, to two of babeesnee the candidate must be personally known. Such certificate must set forth the names, place of residence, and qualifications of the candidate. The certificate shall be read at the three Ordinary General © Meetings of the Society next ensuing after its receipt, and during the intervals between those three meetings, it shall be — suspended in a conspicuous place in one of the rooms of said Society, xiy The vote as to admission shall take place by ballot, at the Ordinary General Meeting at which the certificate is appointed to be read the third time, and immediately after such reading. At the ballot the assent of at least four-fifths of the members voting shall be requisite for the admission of the candidate. Fees, TX. The entrance money paid by members on their admission shall be Two Guineas; and the annual subscription shall be Two Guineas, payable in advance ; but members elected prior to December, 1879, shall be required to pay an annual subscription of One Guinea only as heretofore. The amount of ten annual payments may be paid at any time as a life composition for the ordinary annual payment. New Members to be informed of their election: X. Every new member shall receive due notification of his election, and be supplied with a copy of the obligation (No. 3 in Appendix), together with a copy of the Rules of the Society, a list of members, and a card of the dates of meeting, Members shall sign Rules—Formal admission. XI. Every member who has complied with the preceding Rules shall at the first Ordinary General Meeting at which he shall be present sign a duplicate of the aforesaid obligation in a book to be kept for that purpose, after which he shall be presented by some member to the Chairman, who, addressing him by name, shall say :—“In the name of the Royal Society of New South Wales I admit you a member thereof” Annual subscriptions, when due. XII. Annual subscriptions shall become due on the Ist of May for the year then commencing. The entrance fee and first : year’s subscription of a new member shall become due on the day of his election, * ay Members whose subscriptions are unpaid to enjoy no privileges. XII. An elected member shall not be entitled to attend the meetings or to enjoy any privilege of the Society, nor’ shall his name be printed in the list of the Society, until he shall have paid his admission fee and first annual subscription, and have returned to the Secretaries the obligation signed by himself. Subscriptions tn arrears. XIV. Members who have not paid their subscriptions for the _ eurrent year, on or before the 31st of May, shall be informed of the fact by the Hon. Treasurer. No member shal! be entitled to vote or hold office while his subscription for the previous year remains unpaid. The name of any member who shall be two years in arrears with his subscriptions shall be erased from the list of members, but such member may be re-admitted on giving a satisfactory explanation to the Council, and on payment of arrears. At the meeting held in July, and at all subsequent meetings for the year, a list of the names of all those members who are in arrears with their annual subscriptions shall be suspended in the Rooms of the Society. Members shall in such cases be informed that their names have been thus posted. Resignation of Members. XV. Members who wish to resign their membership of the Society are requested to give notice in writing to the Honorary Secretaries, and are required to return all books or other property belonging to the Society. Expulsion of Members. 5 XVI. A majority of members present at any ordinary meet- ing shall have power to expel an obnoxious member from the Society, provided that a resolution to that effect has been moved and seconded at the previous ordinary meeting, and that due notice of the same has been sent in writing to the member in question, within a week after the meeting at which such resolution has been brought forward, xvi Honorary Members. XVII. The Honorary Members of the Society shall be persons _ who have been eminent benefactors to this or some other of the Australian Colonies, and distinguished patrons and promoters of the objects of the Society. Every person proposed as an Honorary Member must be recommended by the Council and elected by the Society. Honorary Members shall be exémpted from payment of fees and contributions: they may attend the meetings of the Society, and they shall be furnished with copies of the publications of the Society, but they shall have no right to hold office, to vote, or otherwise interfere in the business of the Society. The number of Honorary Members shall not at any one time exceed twenty, and not more than two Honorary Members shall be elected in any one year. Corresponding Members, XVIII. Corresponding Members shall be persons, not resident in New South Wales, of eminent scientific attainments, who may have furnished papers or otherwise promoted the objects of the Society. Corresponding Members shall be recommended by the Council, and be balloted for in the same manner as ordinary Members. Corresponding Members shall possess the same privileges only as Honorary Members. The number of Corresponding Members shall not exceed twenty-five, and not more than three shall be elected in any one year. Ordinary General Meetings, XTX. An Ordinary General Meeting of the Royal Society, to | convened by public advertisement, shall take place at 8 p.m., on the first Wednesday in every month, during the last eight months of the year ; subject to alteration by the Council with due notice, Dg ee a "Sopra ae Se xvii Order of Business. XX. At the Ordinary General Meetings the business shall be transacted in the following order, unless the Chairman specially decide otherwise :— 1—Minutes of the preceding Meeting. 2—New Members to enrol their names and be introduced. 8—Ballot for the election of new Members. 4—Candidates for membership to be proposed. 5—Business arising out of Minutes. 6—Communications from the Council. 7—Communications from the Sections. 8—Donations to be laid on the Table and acknowledged. 9—Correspondence to be read. 10—Motions from last Meeting. 11—Notices of Motion for the next Meeting to be given in. 12—Papers to be read. 13— Discussion. 14—Notice of Papers for the next Meeting. Annual General Meeting.—Annual Reports. XXI. A General Meeting of the Society shall be held annually in May, to receive a Report from the Council on the state of the Society, and to elect Officers for the ensuing year. The Treasurer shall also at this meeting present the annual financial statement. Admission of Visitors. XXII. Every ordinary member shall have the privilege of introducing two friends as visitors to an Ordinary General Meeting of the Society or its Sections, on the following con- ditions :— 1. That the name and residence of the visitors, together with the name of the member introducing them, be entered in a book at the time. 2. That they shall not have attended two consecutive meetings of the Society or of any of its Sections in the current year. The Council shall have power to introduce visitors, irrespective of the above restrictions. B Council Meetings. - XXIII. Meetings of the Council of Management shall take place on the last Wednesday in every month, and on such other days as the Council may determine. ‘ Absence from Meetings of Council._— Quorum. ce XXIV. Any member ‘of the Council absenting himself from three consecutive meetings of the Council, without giving a satis- _ factory explanation in writing, shall be considered to have vacated his office. No business shall be transacted at any meeting of the Council unless three members at least are present. i Duties of Secretaries. . - XXV. The Honorary Secretaries shall perform, or shall cause the Assistant Secretary to perform, the following duties :-— ; 1. Conduct the correspondence of the Society and Council. : ee _ 2. Attend the General Meetings of the Society and the ; meetings of the Council, to take minutes of the pro- ceedings of such meetings, and at the commencement — of such to read aloud the minutes of the eas meeting. 3. 38 “one eeny Mostings of the cassie to announce 4 41 Q + noe oY ULL Society to read the certificates of sainitiaiten for admission: | the Society, and such original papers communicated to the Society as are not read by their respective authors, = 3 3 and the letters addressed to it. ae 4. To make abstracts of the papers read at the Ordinary : General Meetings, to be inserted in the Minutes — printed in the Proceedings o _ 5. Toedit the Transactions of the ve soikiiy and to a : the making of an Index for the same. a 6. To be responsible for the arrangement and safe custody of the books, maps, plans, mpecimen, and other i: of the Society. a xix 7. To make an entry of all books, maps, plans, pamphlets, &e., in the Library Catalogue, and of all presentations to the Society in the Donation Book. 8. To keep an account of the issue and return of books, &e., borrowed by members of the Society, and to see that the borrower, in every case, signs for the same in ; the Library Book. ih 9. To address to every person elected into the Society a Hie printed copy of the Forms Nos. 2 and 3 (in the ie Appendix), together with a list of the members, a copy of the Rules, and a card of the dates of meeting; and ee to acknowledge all donations made to the Society, by ae Form No. 6. 10. To cause due notice to be given of all Meetings of the 2 Society and Council. 11. To be in attendance at 4 p.m. on the afternoon of Wednesday in each week during the session. 12. To keep a list of the attendances of the members of the Council at the Council Meetings and at the ordinary General Meetings, in order that the same may be laid before the Society at the Annual General Meeting held in the month of May. The Honorary Secretaries shall, by mutual agreement, divide the performance of the duties above enumerated. The Honorary Secretaries shall, by virtue of their office, be members of all Committees appointed by the Council. Contributions to the Society. XXVI. Contributions to the Society, of whatever character, must be sent to one of the Secretaries, to be laid before the a Council of Management. It will be the duty of the Council to ae arrange for promulgation and discussion at an Ordinary Meeting : such communications as are suitable for that purpose, as well as to dispose of the whole in the manner best adapted to promote the objects of the Society. xx Management of Funds. XXVII. The funds of the Society shall be lodged at a Bank named by the Council of Management. Claims against the — Society, when approved by the Council, shall be paid by the — Treasurer. All cheques shall be countersigned by a member of the Council. Money Grants. XXVIII. Grants of money in aid of scientific purposes from the funds of the Society—to Sections or to members—shall expire on the 1st of November in each year. Such grants, if not expended, may be re-voted. XXIX. Such grants of money to Committees and individual members shall not be used to defray any personal expenses which «% member may incur. Audit of Accounts. XXX. Two Auditors shall be appointed annually, at an Ordinary Meeting, to andit the Treasurer's Accounts. The accounts as audited to be laid before the Annual Mceting in May. Property af the Society to be vested in the President, Sc. XXXI. All property whatever belonging to the Society shall — be vested in the President, Vice-Presidents, Hon. Treasurer, and _ Hon. Secretaries for the time being, in trust for the use of the — Society ; but the Council shall have control over the disburse- ments of the funds and the management of the property of the Society. SEcTIONS. XXXII. To allow, those members of the Society who devote attention to particular branches of science fuller opportunities - and facilities of meeting and clas together with fewer formal xxi restrictions than are necessary at the general Monthly Meetings of the Society,—-Sections or Committees may be established in the following branches of science :— Section A.—Astronomy, Meteorology, Physics, Mathematics, and Mechanics. Section B.—Chemistry and Mineralogy, and their application to the Arts and Agriculture. Section C_—Geology and Paleontology. Section D.—Biology, i.e., Botany and Zoology, including Entomology. Section E.—Microscopical Science. Section F.—Geography and Ethnology. Section G.—Literature and the Fine Arts, including Architecture. Section H.—Medical. Section I—Sanitary and Social Science and Statistics. Section Committees—Card of Meetings. XXXII. The first meeting of each Section shall be appointed by the Council. At that meeting the members shall elect their own Chairman, Secretary, and a Committee of four ; and arrange the days and hours of their future meetings. A card showing the dates of each meeting for the current year shall be printed for distribution amongst the members of the Society. Membership of Sections. XXXIV. Only members of the Society shall have the privilege of joining any of the Sections. Reports from Sections. XXXYV. There shall be for each Section a Chairman to preside at the meetings, and a Secretary to keep minutes of the pro- ceedings, who shall jointly prepare and forward to the Hon. Secretaries of the Society, on or before the 7th of December in each year, a report of the proceedings of the Section during that year, in order that the same may be transmitted to the Council. Reports. XXXVI. It shall be the duty of the President, Vice-Presidents, and Honorary Secretaries to annually examine into and report to the Council upon the state of— 1. The Society’s house and effects. 2. The keeping of the official books and correspondence. 3. The library, including maps and drawings. 4. The Society’s cabinets and collections. Cabinets and Collections. XXXVII. The keepers of the Society’s cabinets and collec- tions shall give a list of the contents, and report upon the condition of the same to the Council annually. ments, XXXVIII. The Honorary Secretaries and Honorary Treasurer shall see that all documents relating to the Society’s property, the obligations given by members, the policies of insurance, and other securities shall be lodged in the Society’s iron chest, the contents of which shall be inspected by the Council once in every year ; a list of such contents shall be kept, and such list shall be signed by the President or one of the Vice-Presidents at the annual inspection. Branch Societies. XXXIX. The Society shall have power to form Branch So- : ~ Cieties in other parts of the Colony. Library. XL. The members of the Society shall have access to, and shall be entitled to borrow books from the Library, under such regulations as the Council may think necessary. Alteration of Rules. XLI. No alteration of, or addition to, the Rules of the Society . shall be made unless carried at two successive General Meetings, _ at each of which, twenty-fiye members at least must be present. pa THE LIBRARY. 1. During the Session, the Library shall be open for consul- tation and for the issue and return of books between 4 and 6 p-m. on the afternoon of each Wednesday, and between 7 and 10 p-m. on the evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and during the recess (January to end of April) on Wednesdays, from 4 to 6 and 7 to 10 p.m. 2. No book shall be issued without being signed for in the ~ Library Book. 3. Members are not allowed to have more than two volumes at a time from the Library, without special permission from one of the Honorary Secretaries, nor to retain a book for a longer period than fourteen days; but when a book is returned by a member it may be borrowed by him again, provided it has not been despoken by any other member. Books which have been bespoken shall circulate in rotation, according to priority of application. 4.° Scientific Periodicals and Journals are not to be borrowed until the volumes are completed and bound. 5. Members retaining books longer than the time specified shall be subject to a fine of sixpence per week for each volume. 6. The books which have been issued shall be called in by the Secretaries twice a year ; and in the event of any book not being retarned on those occasions, the member to whom it was issued shall be answerable for it, and shall be required to defray the cost of replacing the same. Xxiv Form No. 1. Royat Socrery oF New Sourn WALtxEgs., Certificate of a Candidate for Election. Name Qualification or occupation Address being desirous of admission into the Royal Society of New South Wales, we, the undersigned members of the Society, propose and recommend him asa proper person to become a member thereof. Dated this day of 183 From Persona KNOWLEDGE. From GENERAL KNOWLEDGE. Signature of candidate Date received 18 Form No. 2. Royat Socrety or New Sourn Watzs. The Society’s Rooms, Sir, Sydney, 18 . I have the honor to inform you that you have this day been dected 9 member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, and I beg to forward to you a copy of the Rules of the Society, a printed copy of an obligation, a list of members, and a card announcing the dates of meeting during the present session. According to the Regulations of the Society (vide Rule No. 9), you are required to pay your admission fee of two guineas, and annual subsqiption = = — for =~ a _ before admission. You are also requested PS Asty Shy kag ts ot Aaron arite. obligation at gv TaeLssloy Vv I have the honor to be, » Sir, ; Your most obedient servant, To . Hon. Secretary. Form No. 3. Royat Soctery or New Sovurn Watzs. 1, the undersigned, do herehy engage that I will endeavour to promote — the interests and welfare of the Royal Society of New South Wales, andto observe its Rules and By-laws, as long as I shall remain a member thereof. Address ae, Date xxv Form No. 4. Royat Socrrry or New Sourn WaAtEs. The Society’s Rooms, Sir, Sydney, 18... I have the honor to inform you that your annual subscription of for the current year became due to the Royal Society on the Ist of May last. It is requested that payment may be made by cheque or Post Office order drawn in favour of the Hon. Treasurer. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, To Hon. Treasurer. Form No. 5. Royat Socrery or New Sovurn WALEs. The Society’s Rooms, Sir, Sydney, 16% I am desired by the Royal Society of New South Wales to forward to you a copy of its Journal for the yar 18 —_, as a donation to the library of ord Society. am further requested to mention that the Society will be thankful to ac such of the very valuable publications issued by your Society as it may feel disposed to send. : I have the honor to be, Your most obedient servant, Hon. Secretary. Form No. 6. Rorat Soctzety or New Sour Wates. The Society’s Rooms, Sir, On behalf of the Royal ppm of 9 South Wales, I beg to phaser ledge the receipt of am directed to convey to you the best thanks of the Society for your most a donation. I have 98 — to be, ees 7 obedient servant, Hon. Secretary. xxyl Form No. 7. Balloting List for the Election of the Officers and Council. Royat Soctery or New Soutrn Watzs. , ate Batxtotine List for the election of the Officers and Council. Present Council. Names proposed as Members of the new Council. President. Vice-Presidents. Hon. Treasurer. Hon. Secretaries. Members of Council. oo ae that proposed, ese coh and write to it, in the So write opposite to it, LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE HRopal Society of Het Sonth Wales. — P Members who have contributed papers which have been published in the Society’s are } Lif 1876 cate the number of such contributio Transactions or J: eee — published in the Transactions of the oo pessgegts: {Society also included. indi ne pga of oe oe a Members Abbott, et Palmer, Murrurundi Abbott: Kingsmill, P. om Gunnedah. Abbott, W. "E, ile 5 Beg dams, Francis, A.J.S. B desi Adams, PLEX: ae Genera ee Point, St. Leonards. Alexander, , George M., argaret- Alger, J ohn, aac street Allen, The Hon. Sir cen Wigram, M.P., oo of the islative Assembly, 1 124, Elizabeth-street North. Allondin® F., Hun ‘Allwood, Rev. Cinon, B.A. ys , Vice-Chancellor, University Alston, John Wileon, MB. Edin., Mast. Surg. Edin., 455, Pitt- street. — A. W., Oriental Bank, Sydne ey. 1.E., North Shore Atherton, Ebenezer, M.R.C.S. Eng., O’Connell-street. Austen, Henry, Hunter-street. pg ye Ithaca, Elizabeth Bay. Alfred P., M.A., Ithaca, Elizabeth Bay. ames, Unio: Balfour n Club. Barkas, won ly i R. Col. Phys. Lond., M.R.C.S. Eng., Warialda. Barker, Francis Lindsay, 180, Pitt-street. tae ae XXV11 Barraclough, William, 2, Sh Soe Bartels, W. C. W., Union Bassett, Ww. F,, M.RB.CS., Bes ., Bathurs Bayley, George W. at Railwa D sence on Bedford, W. J. G., M.B.CS. Bae. , Staff Sur, eilby, E. T., Pitt-street. cs Thomas B., M.D. Edin., M.R.C.S. Eng., 153 Eliza- eth-st Be if ela, praia H., Eversleigh, eke Belisario, John, M.D., Ly inl Te enbow, Cle ‘nsusan, 8. L., Ex Bennett, George F., C.M.Z.S., Too ene Queensland. Berney, Augustus, H. M. Customs, Sydney. Bestic, Edwin Haciiy; L.B.C.S., Zrel., L.R.C.P., Edin., Arthurs- h- Black Reginald James, Bank of New South Wales, Sydney. Black, Morrice A., F.I.A., Ac ctuary, Mutual Provident Society. prc Thomas, Pyrmont. Bolding, H. J., P.M., Newcastle and Union Club. Bond, Albert, Bails vi hiahers: Pitt-street Bowen n, George M. C., Keston, Kirribilli Point North Shore. . Brady, Andrew John, Lic. K. & Q. Col 1. Phys. Trel., Lic. B. Coll. Su : ; ons’ Terrace. Brazier, John, C.M.Z.S., Corr. M.R:S., Tas., 11, Windmill-street Bre — Pos Le Gay, M.D. St. Andrew 8, L.R.C.S. Bdin., Dom errac e. iiodley, Thomen — Cottage, Bourke-street, Redfern. Bristowe, E. H H. C., 3, Nobbs-street, Ling Hills. Brodri ibb, he F.RGS , Double B Brooks, Jo seph, F.RGS., ‘Hope Bank, dunks, Woollahra. Brown, are Joseph, Newca cast] Brown, haieka, Es — » Bowentels, and Australian o Bundock, W. C., ana n Clu Burn, James Hen . t, Woolloomooloo Burton, Edmund, a ees eo Office nares N orth. Burnell, Arthur, ‘Survey Burnett, Robt. H., C. E, east Department. H illiam, M. Busby, The Hon. W L.C., eaf, South Head Road: Woollahra. Butterfield, George, Survey Office. Cadell, Alfred, ee Creek, New England. East — hy re oollahra : M. Guan South Kingston. — Sores Clunes, South Kingston. rg ~ C P2 Xxix Cameron, John, surveyor, Barringun, vid Bour Campbell, Joseph, St. Paul’s Cotleg®, ‘Darngon Cape, Alfred J., Torfrida, Eliza Chandler, mec 185, iaea” Chard, J. 8., District Surveyor, Armidale. Chatfield, Wali, 69, Pitt- stree t. Chisholm, Edwin, M.D., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., &e., cag ay ae eo mers er ‘Joseph, M.A., L K& 'Q. Coll. Phys. Jrel., oll. Sur. Zrel., - Collegestret Codtingsce. John Fredk. ee . B.; Lic. R.C. Phys., L.; Colquhoun, George, 3, Mona- terrace, Rusheutters’ oie Colyer, John Ussher (em S.N. Co ag Ase rdne Comrie, James, Nort none Kurrajong Hei Conder, Wm., Survey Office ney. ‘ombes, Edward, M im A., Bathurst. Geo Creed, r Mildred, M. - C.8. Eng., Scone. rach ‘oud: lace, Thomas, ton. ningham, one ag Lanyon, Queanbeyan. Daintrey, Edwin, Ai =a Rand Dalgarno, John Vv. graph Ofies, George-stree Dansey, Georg 5 Geeta M.R.C.8. London, = a Redfern. Dangar, Frederick H., Greenknowes, Darlinghurst. Darley, Cecil woe Ne weastle. peer ¥F. M., ., Union Club, Sydney. enport, hn muel, for South Australia Garden ohana Dean, Alexander, J.P., — Dec ™ John sce D., 251, M: eee Deffell, George Bayfield, Woolwich Road, ete s Hill. De Lissa, S., © Hoaseck. street. e pee ‘The. Hon. Leopold Fane, M.L.C., Cuppercumbalong, De Salis, aa W., junr., Strathmore, Bowen, Queensland. Dibb s, George R., M.P., 131, Pitt-street. Dight, Arthur, Richmo nd, P5 | Eales, John, Duckenfield Park, Morpeth. —_ pe les xxx Dixon Douglas, Australian Club. tee W. A., F.CS8., —— oe mem Inst. a sy Solaie f Gt. Britain and Ire m Chemi of Arts; Chemical Tabor, Schoo of _ pit Docker, Ernest, M.A. & 134, Burto Docker, Wilfred L. Crai ws sara William -stnoot Sout h. Douglas, James, L.R.C.S. Edin., Woe —— Glebe Road. Dowling, ace-street, elson, N.Z. Du Faur, Eccleston, F.R.G.S., Lands Office. , M.R.C.S. Eng., 2, Hyde Park Terrace, Liverpool- Eichler, "Chasles F., M.D. Heidelberg, M.B.O.S. Eng., Bridge- street. Eldred, W. H., 119, Castlereagh-street a Thomas Augustus, C.E., ws Engineer, Newcastle. s, George, Como, Darling P soo Owen Spencer, M.R.C.8. ng, Darling-street, Balmain. Fache, Charles James, Cleveland House, Redfern. Firth, Rey. Frank, W: Parsonage, Fischer, Carl F., “MLD. ILLS. Soe age, Waverley tues 251, Fitzgerald, R.D., E.LS., , Surveyor General’s Office. -street. Flavelle, John, F M.B. Lond., F.R.CS., F.L8., mg Terrace. Foreman, Joseph, MROS. Lond., LR.O.P. Bai —_ Fraser, A. C., 235, Albion-street. r, Ro , 12, Barrack-street. Eruer Hon. John, M.LC., Vorkutrect A 130, Elizabeth-street. Fer, Edward H., 5, Verena Terrace, Walker-street, Redfern. — Fuller, Francis John, City Engineer's Office, Newcastle. P2 ook Gabriel, C. Louis, care of Dr. J. J. Hill, Lambton. Garnsey, Rev. C. F., Christ Church Parsona nage, Sydne ey. Garran, Andrew, LL.D. . Syd., Herald Office, Hunter-street. Garvan, A Be dt Fast Leo Garvey v. J. J., Woollahra. Gedy, ‘Charles Townsend, Ea stbow aig Seer Point. George, Hugh, pry ey Morning. ae Geo rge, W. i, Gerard, F ci, Oooupation of 1 Tands Office. Giblin, Vine ent n Joint Stock Bank, Sydney. Gilchrist, W. O., haa ee Bay. Gilliat, Henry Alfred, Australian way Gillman, Thomas Henry, B.A., C.M., M.D., Queen’s Univ. Irel., ast. Surg. Queen’s Univ. Tel, re "Clarendon Terrace Hyde Park. Gipps, F. B., 134, Pitt-street. Goddard, William C., The Exchange, New Pitt-street. ay — H, Goes -street. ee Hii e, MA ., M. Ch., Trin. Coll., Dud., Enfield ia, Cn 2 Pion, Hon, Wn., M.L.C., Stratheam House, Waverley. Greaves, W. A e. Griffiths, Frederick C., Macquarie-street. Griffiths, G. Nevill e, The Domain, Sydney. Grundy, F. H., 183, Pitt-stree Gurney, T. ws ‘MA. Cantab., late Fellow of St. John’s rib 4 mbri Profes —— thematics and Natural losophy, obesty of Sydn Hale, cence Gresham-st: ; Richard T., Benton, roa ae Glenmore Road. street. Sy — sctrtiagieorones Hawkins, H. §., M.A, Hay, The Hon. Sir John, KOMG., M.L.C., M.A. Glasgow, President of the san Padaiey Council, Rose Boy, "iin cas Thomas Tyato : t Hil, ee et OM.ZS., Rose Bay, Woollahra. G., Clifford, Potts Point. Bay Hills, Robert, “Elizabeth XXX Hitchins, Edwd. Lytton, Florence, Victoria-street, i Decling a Hindson, Lawrence, Careening Cove, North Sho tHirst, Geo. D., 379, a orge-st ace Hodgson, Rev. E. M.A. Ozon., 8.C.L., Vice-Warden of — St. Paul’s Gollegs, University. Holt, The Hon. Thomas, M.L.C., The Warren, near Sydney. Holroyd, Arther Todd, M.B. Cantab., M.D. £din., F.LS., F.ZS8., F.R.GS., Master-in-Equity, Sherwood Scrubs, ‘arrama ao ies ‘Thomas, Ina oe Woollahra. Hum , Cooma Cottage, Yas +Hunt, ‘tabert F.G.S., Associate of the Royal School of Mines, London, Deputy Master of the Royal Mint, Sydney Hoatat Andrew, B.A., M.B.C.M., 128, Phillip- eee. Icely, Thos. R., Carcoar. Inglis, James, Redmyre. Innes, Sir J. George L., ‘Kat., Darlinghurst. Jackson, Arthur Levett, Government Printing Office. gee ee naa M.R.C.8. Eng., Lic. R. C. Phys., Edin, p-st chal es A, ‘Milne, Univ. Council, Edin., Scots’ Church, Sydn — Tev. James, LL.B., The Retreat, Seger Richard Lewis, M.R.C.S., on pte eats Tennings, ee a Saat eo eed saben Hahra. mnIngs, Department, Sydney. Jones, James pr et Lic. R.C. Phys. edn, “Booth-street, ee sn cas 9 hilus, M.D. Sydn., L.R.C.P. Edin., Ashfield. Jon Sydney, MLD. Lond: F.B.CS. Eng., College-stzet Jas, eetea eset 345, George-street, Sydne, Jones, James, Bathurs' Jones, Griftth Evan Russi, B.A., Syd., 382, Crown-street, urry Jones, John Teévbe, 856, Live ae Johnson, James W., Brooksby, orth. Joubert, Numa, Noumea. Josephson, ap Sem Frey, F.G.8., District oy Judge, Enmore Josephson, J. P., Assoc. Mem. Inst, C.E., 253, Macquarie-street : 2 Elected 1873 Keele, Thos. Wm., Harbours and Rivers Department, Phillip- street. 1877 eer : ohn, cd te Leichhard 1879 Kemmis, Rev. Thomas, St. Mark’s Pasceae Darling Point. 1873 Kennedy, Hugh, Be “a Oxon. Registrar of the Sydney Univer- si ina 187 King, Philip G., William-street, Double Bay. 1877 Kinloch, John, M. A., Hurlstone College, Ashfield. 1878 1 J., M_D., 1874 Knox, George, M.A., Cantab., King-street 875 Knox, Edward, 24, Bridge-st 1877 Knox, Edward, jun., Fiona, Double Bay 1877 Kopsch, G., Tele h a akg t 1878 Kretschmann, oe : r. Moss, Hunter-street. 1878 Kyngdon, F. B., 221 gf Rechte “Road. 1878 Kyngdon, Fred. H., M.D. Abe: eons LS.A,, LZ. ; MR.CS., E.; {., Aberdeen, North Shor 187 Langley, W. E., Herald Office, Sydney. 1874 |P1j| Latta, G. J., Haw thorne, Chrystal-street, Petersham ‘1876 Laure, Louis Thos., M.D. Surg. Univ. Paris, 138, Castlereagh- street. 1859 |P5 ages oe ney Ph. D., Heidelberg, F.C.S.; Fel. Inst. of of Gt. Brit. sad Irth; pe on Avayest the Sydney Sank of the Royal ar ae Hon. 1874 Lenehan, Henry Alfred, Sydney Observ: 1872 |P 11);Liversidge, eee BC. ah We 2 Tosh ‘Chomistey of Gt. Brit. a ts ¥.G.8.; F.L8.; F.R.G.S.; As Sc Mines, pe : Mem Phy. ‘oe London ; Mem. Mineralogical ce. Gt Cor. Mem. Roy. Tas. ; Cor em. Senckenberg Institute, Frankf Cor. Mem. Soc Set limat. Mav Hon. Fel. Roy. Hist. Soc. Min. Soc. rance; Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the "Gaavenity of Sydney, How. Secretary, Union 1875 Living, ag Mies North Sho: 1874 pave, George Alfred, F.R.GS., Scottforth, Elizabeth B 1879 | Loftus, His Excellency The e Right Hon. Lord Augustus, a C.B., Ke, 1876 | Lord, The ‘Hon. Francis, M.LC., a Shore. 1877 Lord, George Lee, Kir ‘Darlin 1878 Low, Hamilton, Lillington, South Tingston. lps XXxiv M‘Carthy, W. F., eon ger Pitt-street. M‘Culloch, A. H., jun., 165, Pitt-street. M‘Cutcheo n, John Wet, Assayer to the Sydney Branch of the nt. a MacDonald, Ebenezer, = bea foro Sydney. MacDonnell, William, Georg: MacDonnell, William J., FRA ‘s, y A TO MacDonnell, ery 326, George- -street, Seem = pag W. H., Tele raph Office, George- stree' ‘ Church a > ive. Peter, M.A., 241, Carlingford Terrace, ‘Anions reet, Sydney. | Mackenzie, ines r G8., ey of Coal Fields, Newcastle. iw. 2 a C.8., Eng., Lyons’ Terrace. Settee! ri Rev. P ¥, Prenat Paddington. Mackellar, Chas. Kinnard, M.B., C.M., Glas., Lyons’ Terrace. Maclaurin, Henry Norman, wo , MD. Univ. Edin., Lic, B. Maitland, geo Mearns, iaise, ; Mllaabolh-eiebed Paddington. akin Mallerky, 8 ph ie n, Government Printing Office. ann apt eutra Manning, J. Maes Point, North Shore sig Frederick Norton, M.D. Univ. S¢. And., M.R.C.S. Eng., Lie. Soe. poe oonet Gladesville. Mansfield, G.A., Pitt-stree ee James, LRCS,. “el, L.R.C. Phys., Edin., Regent- Shicatsre, Robert J., 52, Pitt-street Marsden, The Right Rev. Dr., Bisho of Bathurst, Bathurst. Marsh, J. M., eee Road, W. pi Mars arshall, , George, M.D. a yd Glas., Lic. R. Coll. 8. Edin., yous Martin, Rey. wards Princes Masters, Ed vio he Marikvile Seamens t R. H., Mundoo Matthews, honk iPesenk-atrock, Adelong. acre Jules, Victoria Terrace , Victoria-strest. M BL Macey Consul, Gresham-street. tMoore, Charles, F.LS., of ‘the Botanic Gardens, 1877 1875 XXXV Morgan, T. T. Gn L.RB.O.S. iin, MEK. & Q. Coll. Phys. Zreland, vat a ‘h-stree Morrell, non. Pitt Pacis reet Morris, Willies n, FFP. P.S. akg & FRM. S.L., 5, Carlton Terrace, yny: Square, Sy Mountain, Adrian C., Cty Prawepuik ch ia ae ag Josiah, F. R. G.S., 34, Hunter- Mullins, John e M.A., 233, Macquare-strect. am nm, M. E. , Kisenfels, Natta Murray 52, Pitt-stre Myles, | Chas. ieor, ~ Sawesd. N — = ohn Cash, M.D. » Berlin, M.R.C.S. Eng., Lic. oth. Lond., Elizabeth-street, Sydney Ni , City Bank, Pitt-street. Nilson, Aroid, Department of aca Norton, James, solicitor, Elizabeth Nott, "tho omas, M.D. Aberdeen, MI RC C. 8. Eng., Ocean-street, 00 Nowlan, John, Union Club and West Maitland. cane oe Dr. Maurice, 80, William-stre ames L, Oriental Bank, erg Olley, gee Jacob, M: O'Reilly. W. W. J “i , MC, Q. Univ. Irel., M.R.C.8., Eng., Livebheckatioek 1876 1876 1878 1876 Ramsay, —— F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum, " reet. us XXXVi Palmer, J. H., Legislative Assembly. Parrott, Thonad 8., C.E., Paterson, Hugh, Macquarie-street Paterson, Hugh, junr., 247, Macquarie-stroet. Paterson, James A., Uni ion Bank, Pitt-stre Paterson, Alexander, os D., M.A., Tilleest, isithins Road. Pedley, Perceval R., 8, Wynyard Squa Perkins, Henry A., ‘Daalacok J dicteadateent: Balmain. Phillip, H., Pacific Insurance Com mpany. orranin ao — M.D. Aberdeen, Ch. M., M.R.C.S. Eng., 40, College- Pittman, Bawa, Fisher, L.S., Department of Mines. Pockley, Thos. F. G., Commercial Bank, Goulburn. Poolman, F., Colonel Sugar Refining Co., Bridge-street. Potts, J. H., Vict ore Ashfield. Prince, Henry, George-street. Quaife, Fredk. Harrison, M.D., Mast. Surg. Univ. Glas. Hughenden, Queen-strect, Weclshtn, Quirk, Rev. Dr. J.A.,0.S.B.,LL.D Joseph’s, Newtown Quirk, Rey. D. Placid, M. fe . (Syd. Tair), "Si Office, Cook's River. Quodling, W. H., Burw College- eee F., Noumea, New sn ad, George H., Secretary to ie busine General. Read, Reginald MEOS, , Eng., Paddington. Read, Richard, leh, Ags 2 ing, E., Mem. Odont. Soc. Lond. be ae he em Reece, J. D D., Surveyor General’s Offi Renwick, Arthur, M.D, Edin., BAL. Sydn., FRCS. E., 293; ane a anon os Rogers, Rev. . Edward, Rural Dea si; Vorb-btreet o a OMG. Auditor General, Cutereagh 1879 1879 P16 fmt Et P5 Bd I XXxXVl we Ng mt Club. Rowling ° +tRussell, Henry C., B.A., Syd., F.R.A.S., F.M.S., Mem. 8. Aust. Inst., Government ‘Astronomer, Sydney Obeck tenis Sahl, ce L., German a Consulate of the German e, Wyny! ly Squa Satine Rev. ED , Gl ba uel, The Hon. aon, C.M.G., M.L.C., Gresham-street Schuette, Rudolf, M.D., Univ. Gittingen, Lie. Soe. Apoth. ‘Lond., {Scott, Rev. William, M.A. Cantab., Hon. Mem. Roy. Soe. Vie.. The Parsonage, Queanbe eyan. Scott, A.W., M.A. Cantab., Ferndale, Sy nico Road. Sedgwic v6 , Wan. Gilt, MR R.C.8., Eng. elfe, N: n, C.E., Rockleigh, Sationses Sharp, Jain ames a Busleeh, a Be 2 ae, Wood, Yass. Sharp, Henry, Green Hills, Adelong. Sharp, Revd. W. He ey, AS i -» Warden of St. Paul’s Skinner, J. H., B.A. O. rains School, Sydney. Slade, G. P., solinitor, eetiee ans Slattery, Th ‘omas, Premier ence, 169, William-street, Wool- loomool ts John S., ‘139, Pitt-street Sloper, Fredk. "Brana, 360, Liverpool-str +Smith, John, The Hon., C. M.G., M.D., LL LD. , Aberdeen, M.L.C., F.C.8., Hon. Mem. Roy. Soc. Vie., Professor of Physies and rowed oe the Seemed of sg ydney, 193, Macquarie- street, Vice- Smit h, Marshall, Gianvie-stret, pean South Australia. — bh, Robt., M.A. Syd., Solicito: Smith, John street oa = S., Surveyor or General’s Offic ith, EB. E, Fevereaux, Roslyn- each: Upper William-street, N nk Southey, H. E., Oaklands, Se lub. Stephen, George ara nA. F.GS., Mem. Geol. Soc. of Ger- many; Cor. Mem. N: at. Hist. Soc , Dresden ; “esa of Cornwall ; 3 Gembdicige! Tormice, § Neetown a] a Tucker, William, Tulloh, W. H., M eee XXXV1IL Street, John Rendell, Birtley, pr ae Bay Road. 4 Stro a o mund, M.D., Aberdeen, M.R.C.S. » Ting aaa Stuart, abe: M.L.A., Sydn : Claren: ney. tuart, don, Upper William St treet a Suttor, Wm. Henry, M.L.A., Cangoura, Bathurs Tarrant, Harman, M.R.O.S., Elizabeth-street. Taylor, Chas., M.D. Syd., M.R.CS., Eng., Parramatta. Taylor, Chas. Lamb, M.R.C.S., 14, College-street. sed William George, F.R.C.S., Lond., ve af oe Wi Thompson, Joseph, Bellevue Hill, Double Bay. Thompson, Thos. ee Pitt-strect, Sydney. i arellan. Sydney. Tucker, @.A., Ph. D., Su uperintendent, ta View Asylum, Cook's Clifton, North Shore. street. Turner, G., 3 Ree Terrace, Pitt-street, Redfern. Leonard A., Survey Office. Vous, Hinton i, sie ei Py XXXIx Walker, H. O., Australian General Assurance Co., 129, Pitt- street. Waiker, Philip B., adic aga Office, ees Walli s, William, ur Lodge, Potts’ Ward, R. Ds MRA CS . Eng., North Shore Warre , William Edward, M.D., M.B.CS., 281, Elizabeth fie Sydney. Waterhouse, J., M.A. re Perkin-street, Newcastle. Watkins, John Leo, B.A. Cantab., M.A. Syd., Randwick. Watson, C. Russell, M.R.C. S. Eng. ., Camden Terrace, Newtown. Watt, Alfred Jose seph, Ashfield, Parramatta Road. Watt Charles, New Pitt-street. th wer M.B., M.C., 7.C.D., Parramatta. Webste A. 8., Union Club. Weigal, ” Albert Bythesea, B.A. Oxvon., M.A. Syd., Head Master ydney Grammar School, Oollege-ailiink. Welch, Edward Wm., St. Olives, Bo “_ garth, « 0., solicitor, ena stree Wate of Whitfield, pea B. “§ (Grdocy Univ. pe Grammar School. White, Rev. James 8., M.A., LL.D., Syd., Gowrie, Singleton. White, Hon. James, M.L.C., Cranbrook, Double Ba ay. White, Rey. W. Moore, AM, LL.D., T.0.D., 1, Lawrening i os ‘errace, E Wilshire, F. = P.M., Ber Wilson, F. A. A. , Alfred- sid St. Leonards. Windeyer, We C., M.A., Syd., M.L.A., King-stree Wise, George Foster, Immigration Office, Hyde Ps Wilkinson, C. 8., F.G.S., Government Geologist, roma Th of ines. Wilkinson, Henry Toller, Department of Min ilkinson, Rey. consid 5, pers gr ma Pitt-street, Redfern. Pe ac us ames Thom .P.S., Scone Pere x Edward, T r Wis. ; 5 emey, Savings’ Bank, pa ae Tagg Wood, Harrie, Under Secretary for es, sepenn of Mines. Woods, Woo oolrye ch, F. B. W. ., 107, William-street. iingag ‘wed Horatio G. A., M.R.C.S., Eng., Wynyard Square, Hon. Wright, G4 "Edwin H., St. Stephen’s, Bourke. Young, John, Town ee George-stree } Young, Lamont, H. G., Assoc. R. 8. Mines, F.G.S., Oaklands, Minagieg: 1875 | P1 1875 | P1 1875 | P9 ih Honorany MEMBERS. Limited to Twenty. : Agnew, Dr., Hon. Secretary, Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart Na Town. . chen The Hon. F,, late peng om td of Western Australia. rnays, Lewis re F.LS., Vice- — of the Queensland _Aeelimatizaton Sie Brisban i Ellery, Robert F., F.R. te F.B.AS., “Covernineitt Astronomer of — Victo' rag ae a Gregory, ae tus Chases, F.R.G.S., Surveyor General of Queensland, Brisban 2 Haast, Dr. J ulius von, Ph. D., F.RS., F.G.S., Government “7 Geolog ist and Director of the Canterbury Museum, New ped: een “Faun, C. M. G., M.D., F.R.S., Director of the Colonial . Zea useum an ellington. — ess oy ta BG. = ee + ae —e Professor of tural 8, 2 Me hoe Unk Palontologis, are Ssoter of ‘the National gh aie Mel- bourn Mier, Barn Verdinaad yoo, K.0.M 4G M.D., Ph. D, ERS, overnment Botanist, Melbo : Schomburgh, Dr., Director of the Botanic ‘Gasddes, Adelaide, uth sree Waterhouse, F x F.G.8., C.M.Z.S., Curator of the Museum, — Adelaide, ate Aust rials oe Woods, Rev, Julian E. Soong 4 Hon. Mem. Roy. Soc. a ictoria, Hon Oy. , Tasmania, Hon. M 3 Adelaide sh ides: "Hon. aa ‘Linnean Soc., &e., bebe 4 Club, Sydn — _ Hts tones Sir James, Chief Justice, M.A., PRS, e, ae eh idk Prof., M Ds hates Belgium. Walker 4 ‘Thomas, Yaralla, C cord. Bentham, George, F.R.S. ‘VP. LS, C.M.G., The Royal Gardens, Darwin, Dr. Charles, F.R.S., MA, F.G.S., F.LS., &es &e., Beckenham, Kent. ensi egg : ee Professor C. B., M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.LS., F-& V.P.Z.S., &e., &e., The British Museum, London, W.C. CoRRESPONDING MEMBER. Etheridge, Robert, junr., F.G.S., &., The British Museum. a 1879. Brae, ons M.L.C. ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. By the Hon. Proressor Sauitn, C.M.G., Vice-President. [Delivered to the Royal Society of N.S.W., 28 May, 1879.] GENTLEMEN, In opening the business of the Society for another year I have the pleasure of congratulating the members on its continued prosperity, both as regards accessions to their numbers and appro- priate work accomplished. We began last year with a muster-roll of 347, and during the year we elected seventy-eight new mem- bers. But six members died, and fifteen resigned, so that we begin the present year with a roll of 404. In addition to these we have fifteen honorary members, of whom one was elected last year, Thomas Walker, Esq., Yaralla, Concord, in appreciation of his timely and munificent donation of £500 in aid of the building fund. The attendance at the usual monthly meetings has been very good ; but if in connection with this I might venture to point out a failing that needs amendment, it is that while we have plenty of listeners at our meetings, we have scarcely enough instructors. It would gratify the Council of the Society if more of our members _ would take up special lines of research, and communicate their results from time to time in the shape of papers for our monthly meetings. I am aware that most of our members are busy people, each having plenty of daily cares and duties, and that “ learned leisure” is a scarce commodity amongst us ; and therefore perhaps the contributions to the Society are as numerous as might fairly : af be expected. I may call attention also to the fact that the work 2 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS, ’ a of the Society is by no means er aes arene by the : thraa 3 monthly papers. The re f 1 two or three — years ago continue in a state of Sealey. vitality, and in a quiet way they strive to enlarge the borders of our knowledge. . 4 At the monthly meetings twelve papers were read, besides the — anniversary address by Mr. Rolleston, Vice-President. Of the — twelve papers—three were from the Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, _ on Timber-producing Forests of Tasmania, Molluscan Fauna of Tasmania, and some new Australian Miocene Corals ; three were , from Mr. Dixon, on the Metallurgy of Nickel and Cobalt, Deep Well Waters of Sydney, and Notes on Huan Island Guano ; two 4 from Mr. Russell, on Storms on the Coast of New South Wales, and Some Results of an Astronomical Experiment on the Blue — _ Mountains ; one from Mr. Tebbutt, on a proposed Correction to 4 the Assumed Longitude of the Sydney Observatory ; one from — Captain Marshall Smith, on the Meteorology of the Coast of New South Wales ; one from Mr. Hart, on the Rise and Progress of Photography ; ee one from Mr. J. P. Josephson, on Som? Facts about the Great Tidal Wave of May, 1877. At the sectional meetings numerous papers were read, and ) specimens and instruments ‘exhibited and discussed. Section F_ (Geography and Ethnology) held no meetings during the year, but it has commenced operations this year, with fair prospect of doing © good work. Two or three Sections have sent in no detailed report : | of their labours, and it is to be hoped that their Secretaries will kindly keep in view the desirability of preparing such reports at the end of each year, so that the whole work of the Boy Society may be adequately recorded. The donations to the Society last year were numerous and ov ‘J and private individuals ; but special mention ought to be made of a well got up and most useful collection of shells, including ovel _ 200 species, presented by Mr. John Brazier, a member | _— and also of some very fine specimens of fossil leave? —— valuable, numbering nearly 700, from different parts of the world, — £] 1 Societies, ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 3 from the miocene tertiary beds at Dalton, near Gunning, together with a collection of silurian fossils from the beds near Yass, recently presented by another member of the Society, Mr. J. K. Hume, of Yass. It is interesting to note that miocene leaf beds have been found in the northern hemisphere as far north as latitude 79°. The plants founds in these beds, according to Professor Heer, indicate that a tropical or sub-tropical climate prevailed during the miocene period within the present Arctic regions. The building in which we meet being now the property of the Society (the purchase having been completed last year) the Council has been able to fit up a small room as a Library, which already has been a great convenience to members ; and we hope to make suitable arrangements for the preservation and due exposition of specimens and instruments ; in fact, to make a commencement of a philosophical museum, useful and instructive to the members. This, however, requires more money, and will in time require more space than the present building affords. As the property now held by the Society is of considerable and increasing value, the Council has had under its consideration the propriety of getting the Society incorporated by an Act of our Legislature. In the meantime the building has been vested in Trustees. Last year the Society was deprived of the highly esteemed Services of one of the Honorary Secretaries, Professor Liversidge ; but during his absence in Europe he was not unmindful of us, and to his attention we are indebted for the purchase of a number of valuable books and an excellent microscope. He also exerted himself to make our Society more widely known, and to open up friendly communications = = — Institutions. To-night we have the pleasure of gst us. But now we have to regret the Jee: teenies: wely I etki the other Honorary Secretary, Dr. Leibius, who, after twenty-two years’ absence, has gone to revisit his native country. Iam sure that the best wishes of the Society follow him. And here I must call your - attention to the debt of gratitude the Society owes to both of these gentlemen, who now for four years have filled the arduous and 4 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. a | anxious post of Honorary Secretaries. The success of a Society like ours depends greatly on the judgment, zeal, and ee ; of its Secretaries, and the gentlemen named have never spared tim or trouble i in their efforts to advance our common interests. This notice of services rendered brings me naturally to allude to the great Joss the Society sustained last year in the removal by ; death of our honoured Vice-President, the Rev. William Branwhite Clarke, one of the fathers of the Society, and always its firm friend and active supporter, When the old Philosophical Society was: _ reorganized in 1866 and converted into the Royal Society, Mr Clarke, because of his acknowledged eminence as a geologist and _ of his scientific services to the Colony, was elected one of the first _ Vice-Presidents (the other being the Hon. Edward Deas-Thomson, — C.B., afterwards K.C.M.G.), and was re-elected every year to the same office. I may remind the members that, by our constitution, j the office of President is not elective, but is held by the Governor for the time being, so that it was not open to the members to raise Mr. Clarke to the higher honour. I regret that I am not qualified to be Mr. Clarke’s biogrephall for, although I enjoyed his friendship for a quarter of a century, _ I have not been sufficiently conversant with his favourite studies, or with the modes and results of his investigations, to enable m@ to present a fitting picture of his life and labours. But as it ® _ customary in Societies like this to place upon the official ey * biographical notice of any member who may have taken a leadim part in the business of the Society, or in furthering its choc, becomes my duty now to perform this service as a tribute to memory of our departed friend. S: The Rev. W. B. Clarke was born 2nd Tune, 1798, in the co ee of Suffolk, England. After the usual preliminary educstio® _— Gntered the University of Cambridge in 1817, and in due cow took its degrees of B.A. and M.A. A taste for geology seems eh oat been early developed, and while at Cambridge he att _ the lectures of Professor Sedgwick and Dr. E. Clarke. In he took holy orders, and after a time he was fortunate in ok “3 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 5 a curacy in his native parish under such circumstances as gave him favourable opportunities for travelling and carrying on geological explorations both in England and on the Continent. He was present at the siege of Antwerp in 1831, and soon after that he obtained a small living in England, with a promise of a rectory in Gloucestershire, to which, however, he was never inducted, as before it fell vacant he had sailed for Australia. Mr. Clarke was induced to come out to this country partly to get the benefit of a warmer climate in seeking to shake off the effects of a severe attack of rheumatic fever, and partly to exercise his geological knowledge and tastes in a new and comparatively untrodden field. On arriving in Sydney in 1839, Bishop Broughton placed him in charge of King’s School, Parramatta, where he remained about two years, and then betook himself entirely to clerical labours in the country. In 1844 the foundation stone of the church of St. Thomas, North Shore, was laid, and as soon as the building was completed Mr. Clarke commenced his ministra- tions there, and continued until 1870, when he resigned his charge in consequence of advancing years and failing health. In addition to his clerical duties, Mr. Clarke held various honorary appointments, He was a Fellow of St. Paul’s College, from its incorporation in 1853 ; also a Trustee of the Australian Museum, and of the Free Public Library. He was offered a seat on the first Senate of the University of Sydney in 1850, but in consequence of the hostility of Bishop Broughton to the consti- tution of the University, the offer had to be declined, and no clergyman of the Church of England appeared on the first Senate. At a later period he was offered the position of Professor of Geology in the University, but the Senate being at that time very short of funds, were unable to propose such terms as Mr. Clarke could see his way to accept. Mr. Clarke was a Member or Fellow of numerous learned _ Societies, both in England and in other countries; such as the Geological, the Royal Geographical, and the Royal Society of __ Literature, in England ; the Geological Society of France, the ~ € ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. but reappeared again in 1856 as the “ Philosophical Society of 4 _ Vegetation on Climate.” oe the Royal Society, he gave an account of the Societies that had = aa its new title, and Royal Geological Institute of Austria, and others of like character ; ' and in 1876 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of — England, being one of the very few Australian colonists who have — received that honour. It is also noticeable that he was elected : soon after being first proposed, a rare circumstance, as there are _ always many more candidates than vacancies, and some have to — wait a number of years. In 1876 there were fifty candidates, and — only fifteen elected. In regard to Mr. Clarke’s connection with our own Society and — those that preceded it, I find that the original “Philosophical — Society of Australasia,” instituted in 1821, had speedily fallen into — abeyance, and it was not till 1850 that it was resuscitated under 4 the title of the “ Australian Philosophical Society,” of which Mr. — Clarke was a member of the first Council. This also died out, New South Wales,” under the presidency of Sir W. Denison. — Ten years thereafter the name was changed to “ Royal Society of — New South Wales,” Sir John Young being the first President, and _ Mr. Clarke (as I have already stated) being one of the first Vice Presidents. Mr. Clarke was all along a steady supporter of our ; Society. He attended the meetings of the Council and the ; monthly meetings of the members with great regularity, 80 — long as his health permitted, and he was a frequent con- ; tributor of papers, besides delivering seven of the Vice-Presi- dential Addresses with which we are in the habit of beginning our annual campaign. The following are the titles of his more important papers :—“On the Transmutation of Rocks in Austral: asia ;” “On the Auriferous and other Metalliferous Districts of — Northern Queensland ;” “ On the Causes and Phenomena of Earth- quakes ;” “Notes on Deep Sea Soundings ;” “Effect of Forest In the address which Mr. Clarke delivered in 1867 to inaugurate eclte: ee ies. A ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. ¥ from the conclusion of that address I am tempted to reproduce here, asit has perennial force and value, and few that listen tomenow had an opportunity then of hearing it from Mr. Clarke’s lips. “We must strive to discern clearly, understand fully, and report faith- fully ; to love truth in things physical as in things moral ; to abjure hasty theories and unsupported conjectures; where we are in doubt, not to be positive; to give our brother observer the same measure of credit we take to ourselves ; not striving for mastery, but leaving time forthe formation of the judgment which will inevitably be given, whether for or against us, by those who come after ; contented if we are able to add but one grain to that enduring pyramid which is now in course of erection as the testimony of Nature to the truth of Revelation.” In the last anniversary address which he delivered (17th May, 1876) he returned again to the objects and designs of the Society, and urged upon the members the desirability of obtaining a charter, of collecting a library of scientific works, of obtaining a permanent home for the Society, and above all, of each individual member taking up some line of research and adding his mite to the common store of knowledge. “We are called, no doubt,” he says, “ by a somewhat lofty designation, but we do not presume to consider ourselves of such renown as to make it presumption in any one to do what he can to help on the common work. Our true position is that of pioneers, sowers, foundation-layers, and in that respect we have assuredly an honorable occupation : and as such, and such only, I have aspired to take a part, somewhat perchance too prominent, in occasionally “going ahead,” sometimes seattering a seed for thought here and there, and some- times adding a pebble to what hereafter will, I hope, see itself surmounted by a superstructure of enduring reputation when you and I shall have long passed away beyond the heats of con- troversy or the coldness of criticism. Let usdo what we can to serve honestly our day and generation, and then we may be ‘Sesured that posterity, m xs own time, will'do us justice. May I be permitted to add that, to myself, it has been a great satisfaction 8 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. to have contributed in what I know t© be a humble Way to the Society's work. * * * * * Such care as I have been enabled to bestow upon it has been amply rewarded by the kind co-operation of my friends in the Council during the many years in which you have been pleased to place and keep me in a respon- sible position, and by an unexpected and general act of attention and regard not long since, which I should be wanting in duty and respect towards you if I did not thus publicly acknowledge. [He — refers here to his portrait, which had been painted for the Society.] If all that remains of me at any future anniversary be the painted canvas, which does so much credit to the artist whom you voluntarily employed to do me honour, I still hope’ that that representation of me may look down upon a flourishing "association of men, whose appearance at your meetings will not be the mere inducement to spend a pleasant evening, but who will | employment of their leisure.” These last words of advice will, I am sure, be cherished; and these last aspirations will find responsive echo in the hearts of all who hear me. Mr. Clarke was a fluent and prolific writer, and his contri: a butions to scientific Societies and “periodicals, and to the ne _ paper Press were very numerous, over and above his many 0! _ reports to Government and an extensive private correspondence. _ This correspondence must at times have been burdensome, _ he was continually being applied to by diggers and amateur ___ geologists for advice as to their pursuits, and for the identification “ of mineral specimens; and his readiness to aid all such to # _ best of his ability, regardless of the time and trouble inv earned the ogee of many, and a widespread popularity an _ the mining g sections of the community. bole Soven — ago there y was — in the Sydney Mail nt sie “ i geology, Leena slesietong and — of ee and the list was said to be far : ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 9 complete. Since that time a number of additional contributions have been given to the world. In addition to his scientific writ- ings and the literary work connected with his ecclesiastical func- tions, Mr. Clarke published, before emigrating to Australia, two or three volumes of poems; and from time to time in this country he indulged his taste in verses, although he did not again collect them so as to put forth a book. Considering the great number of separate papers which issued from Mr, Clarke’s busy brain and pen, it is somewhat remarkable that he did not, except to a limited extent, seek to collect and condense his vast stores of information into convenient volumes for scientific libraries. It is probable that want of means in addition to want of leisure was the chief cause of this apparent neglect ; but whatever the cause the fact is to be regretted, for the difficulty of referring to papers scattered over many periodicals and many years is such that practically they drop into oblivion, and it is difficult now to form a just conception of Mr. Clarke's enormous labours. On two subjects, however, Mr. Clarke col- lected his observations into books—the first, published in 1860, entitled “Researches in the Southern Gold-fields of New South Wales,” and the second, entitled “ Remarks on the Sedimentary Formations of New South Wales,” a fourth edition of which was completed a fortnight before his death. The portion of Mr. Clarke’s geological labours most closely _ connected with the prosperity and advancement of the Colony is doubtless that relating to the discovery of gold and indication of gold-fields. Although other names may be associated with his— for example, Count Strzelecki and Sir Roderick Murchison on the Scientific side, and Mr. Hargraves on the practical side—yet, after looking carefully through the available evidence scattered over a variety of publications, I have no hesitation in saying that Mr. Clarke deserves the chief credit as the discoverer of gold in Aus- tralia. As far back as February, 1841, he found gold near Hartley, apparently about the same place where Strzelecki had _ found an auriferous sulphide of iron in 1839, although of this D a 10 _ ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. @ prior find Mr. Clarke does not seem to have been at the time of — his own discovery aware. In 1842 he found gold on the Wollon- dilly. There is abundant evidence that from 1841 onwards Mr. Clarke frequently, in letters and-in conversations, expressed his _ conviction that the Colony was rich in gold. Still he maintained a certain amount of reserve on the subject, and fearing the possible evil effects on colonial society, he refrained from publishing his views to the world. In April, 1844, however, he communicated 7 his opinions to the Governor, Sir George Gipps, and showed him © specimens of the gold, but was advised by him to “ put it away, as it would lead to dangerous consequences. In the early part of 1844 Mr. Clarke announced the existence of gold to the north of — the Liverpool Dividing Range ; and in 1845 he obtained gold i several places in the Bathurst district. Tt was in 1844 that Sir Roderick Murchison, having just returned from an exploration of the Ural Mountains, had an : 7 opportunity of examining the geological collection brought from 4 Australia by Count Strzelecki, « Seeing” (he observes in Siluria), “the great similarity of the rocks in the two distant countries, I had little difficulty in drawing a parallel between them; in doing which I was naturally struck by the circumstance that no gold had yet been found in the meridional Australian ridge, which I termed, in anticipation, the Cordillera.” In 1846 he wrote to the President-of the Royal Geological Society 4 Cornwall, at its anniversary meeting, and “incited the super abundant Cornish tin-miners to emigrate to the Colony of New South Wales, and there obtain gold from ancient alluvia in quoting from a description of the we have here a third stm ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 11 resemblance to the condition of our Blue. Mountain ranges * * with an axis of chloritic and talcose schist and quart- zites, with occasional limestones of Silurian age, in which oceur metallic ores and gold in veins of quartz. * * * Ason the flanks of the Ural the carboniferous formation reposes, so in this country occurs the very same order of deposits. It is, therefore, highly probable that, besides the lead and copper which exist in the Blue Mountain ranges, auriferous sands will be found in the rivers flowing from them. * * * New South Wales will probably, on some future day, be found wonderfully rich in metals,” Under the heading of “The Port Phillip Gold Mine,” there ap- pears an extract from the Melbourne Herald in the Sydney Herald, of 14th February, 1849: “On Saturday morning several — left town for the scene of treasure at the Pyrenees. * * In the meantime large lumps of gold have found their way to town, two of them weighing 22 and 24 ozs. respectively, * * * With regard to the shepherd boy, the original discoverer, his whereabouts is involved in mystery. * * * Two facts may be relied on—lst. That, from the specimens which we have Seen, an immense mass of gold lies in the bowels of the earth, in the district of the Pyrenees, which has been thrown up in lava by volcanic action. [Observe the writer's idea of facts {| 2nd. That the only person who knows the locality is the shepherd boy alluded to, and who sold the lumps we have seen to Duchene and Bren- tani.” In the Herald of 16th February, 1849, there is a letter sommenting on the foregoing, evidently written by Mr. Clarke, although signed “Plutus.” Among other things he says, “Gold is not so rare a mineral as many imagine, nor is there any lack of it in this country. It would not indeed be surprising if it should eventually be found in some abundance.” He then describes how it usually occurs, and concludes, “It may do no harm to add that there is no instance of any man making his fortune by opening a _ gold-mine, and that it is only in countries where labour is as cheap 48 it is with slaves and serfs that even gold-washing pays.” Sub- Sequent experience must have led Mr. Clarke to modify that view. ia ale aed ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. In the same year (1849) Mr. Clarke contributed several articles to the Herald on California and gold-mining, describing also the method of crushing and amalgamating auriferous quartz, and com cluding: “The particulars will, it is hoped, afford information to persons in this Colony who are anxious to work auriferous quart, or any other gold ore.” In 1849, also, he wrote to Sir R. Murchison on the subject of the progress of the Colony in mining matters, and — in that letter the following passage occurs—‘“ This Colony is becom- ing a mining country as well as South Australia. Copper, lead, and gold are in considerable abundance in the schists and quartzites | of the Cordillera. Vast numbers of the population are going to California, but some day I think we shall have to recall them.” a In a paper read before the Geological Society of London on May 4, 1852, Sir R. Murchison announced a geological discovery _ communicated to him by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, namely, “ the existence of many fossils of known Silurian species, and many shells and corals, on the flanks of the Dividing Range in New South Wales. This discovery is important, because it completes the resemblance of the Australian Cordillera to the Ural Mountains, the two chains being thus shown to be slaps mentd as well as — logically similar, and both to possess tl ants.” . The position to be accorded to the Rev. W. B. Clarke in discovery of gold is fairly stated by Professor Geikie in his “ of Murchison.” Count Strzelecki appears to have been first to ascertain the actual existence of gold in Australia ; * kept secret. The first explorer who proclaimed the proba! auriferous riches of Australia, on true scientific grounds, that 1% by obtaining gold. in situ, and tracing its parent rocks throug the country, was the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., eign : __sniginaly a clergyman in England, bas spent a long and sh . ol 4 gr ea PR Be adopted co it | He folund gold in 1841, and exhibited it to numerous Members cas the Legislature, declaring, at the same time, his git i: ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. cS ee abundance. While, therefore, geologists in Europe were guessing, he, having actually found the precious metal, was Heaning its occurrence far and near on the ground.” In the foregoing outline I have not introduced what seems to have been absolutely the first mention of native gold in this country. In the Surveyor-General’s Office there is preserved a field book belonging to Mr. Assistant-Surveyor James M‘Brian, in which the following entry occurs, referring to a spot on the Fish River, about midway between O’Connell Plains and Diamond Swamp, and under date February 15th, 1823 :—‘ At this place I found numerous particles of gold in the sand in the hills con- venient to the river.” I attach no importance whatever to this entry ; for in the first place it does not seem that specimens were exhibited to any one or the discovery made public in any way ; and secondly, yellow scales of mica and particles of golden- coloured pyrites have frequently been mistaken for gold, and we do not know that Mr. M‘Brian was competent to distinguish them. The particles being described as “in the sand in the hills,” makes it not improbable that they were simply mica. Gold-digging as a colonial industry had its beginning on 12th February, 1851, when the first cradle-washing was obtained by Mr. Hargraves on Lewis Ponds Creek. It cannot be said that Mr. Hargraves first discovered gold in the Colony, but he was the first to show the simple means of extracting it from drift deposits. The train had previously been laid by Mr. Clarke, and now the match was put to it by Mr. Hargraves, and with magical rapidity the gold-digging frenzy, as it may be called, overspread the whole country. Mr. C. Blakefield, writing from Sofala to the Rev. W. B. Clarke, under date 11th September, 1852, says :—‘‘ About nine years ago I gave you a piece of gold in quartz found at Mitchell’s Creek, and brought down by M‘Gregor, the shepherd, when you in- __ formed me that nearly the whole of the rivers on this side of the __ Dividing Range were highly auriferous. At the time, I asked you why you did not make the fact known to the public; when your reply was that vou were afraid that it would tend to the utter 14 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. disorganization of society, particularly as then constituted. But — had I known that the whole science of gold-washing lay in the shaking of a tin dish, I am doubtful whether any such con- siderations of public policy would have prevented me from essay- ing the facts at the time, particularly asa friend of mine was also at the time extremely urgent upon me to join him in a prospect- ing tour.” A The discovery of profitable gold-fields in Victoria followed soon : after the practical commencement of gold-digging in New South 4 Wales. Early in 1851 Mr. Clarke had announced that “gold ; ought to be found, if at all, in the province of Victoria, between longitude 143° and 145°, north and south of 37° south latitude,” — and in a Report of a Committee of the Legislative Council of Vie- toria it is stated that “Mr. T. Hiscock, a resident of Buninyong, — induced by the writings of the Rev. W. B. Clarke, and by the — discovery of Brentani’s nugget in the Pyrenees district five years — before, had kept a constant look-out for gold in his neighbourhood. he * It is obvious that Mr. Hiscock’s discovery at a Buninyong, by attracting great numbers of diggers to the neigh bourhood, was the cause of the discovery of Ballarat, which is D fact upon the same range, and at no great distance.” ; About two years later the impulse spread to New Zealand. — A correspondent from that Colony wrote in 1853 to the [Uustrated % London News as follows :—“ The New Zealand settlers were first a _In August, 1851, the Government of Sir Charles Fitz-R , the : Pecuge: to make a geological exploration of the southern districts ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 15 of the Colony, with a special view to the indications of gold. This expedition lasted about nine months, and involved a journey of nearly 3,000 miles. His reports to the Government during this journey were afterwards collected and published, with additions, in 1860, forming the volume entitled “ Researches in the Southern Gold-fields.”. Mr. Clarke’s equipment was of a scanty character» and he was often indebted to the settlers on his route for aid in the praetaticn of his labours. He says :—‘“The Government ed me with all I requested, but I found that without a geological staff, and with only two men to perform the necessary duties of encamping, cooking, and grooming, and without any aid of a scientific kind, it was impossible for me to carry out fully all I desired to do.’ Traversing for the most part a wild country, without good roads and with few inhabitants, he suffered exposure and hardships which affected his health, and even endangered his life. As an exam- ple of what he had sometimes to encounter, I quote the following narrative from “Researches, &c.,” page 64:—“‘As we were approach- ing the Berudba River, which one of my attendants spoke of as being very difficult to cross in time of flood, and as wesaw ahead of us a very threatening sky, as if a furious tempest was brewing to the south-westward, I was induced to go forwards in the hope of crossing the river before the storm broke. We had, however, searcely gained the left bank and set foot on the Manero territory, _ when we were met by a furious whirlwind of dust, hail, rain, and thunder, accompanied by vivid flashes of lightning dashing along the ground. As I crossed the river I saw, for a moment, up the valley, patches of what appeared to be snow; but these were no- thing but vapour, suddenly condensed close to the earth by the sudden change of the atmosphere. In an instant all objects were completely obscured except within a yard or two. The horses, two of which were drawing the cart, and the other ridden by my-_ self, immediately turned round to avoid the*blinding gusts of dust, rain, and thunder. The dust came on at first exactly like a large wall, and, with the hail, frightened the horses. In about three 16 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 4 ae minutes we were all drenched to the skin, and there was not time — to put on extra covering, though it” became very cold. . :* -* #5 Soon we heard the roar of waters, and a furious flood came rush- : ing along our track, roaring and hissing, and reminding one of a — cascade. * * * We contrived, with much difficulty, to get the — cart up a height to the left of the road, and when the moon — broke out from the clouds about midnight we saw that we were on a nearly bare porphyry hill without any neighbouring wood, save a few dead trees, and we had first to cut down one of them before we could make a fire. At last we did so, and by the morn- ing we had dried our clothes, but as it was impossible to put up any canvas for a covering, we had to pass the night the best way we could.” And again, from page 120:—“On Friday, 19th, we proceeded * * * * # to g swampy springy mountain about 6,000 feet above the sea, above Wadymandouree and Buckwong Creeks, which run into the Indi or Upper Hume. It was difficult — 4 to find a spot on which to lay our blankets on account of the bull- dog ants. But we had scarcely done so when a most furious tem- pest came on, and we were deluged with rain. * * * We were up and on our way at 5 a.m., and wending through dense scrub as 4 we could we travelled, as yesterday, along a succession of schistose — spurs, strewn with innumerable fallen trees to a swamp ; and then ascending a low range at Wanga, came to the Indi at Piaderra, — where we crossed it. No sooner had we reached this den of heat, — damp and flies, than another tempest more furious than that of — the preceding night pounced upon us. We camped, however, — beyond the brush and spent Sunday. Then I became very ill. — base Next morning we started a little before 5 o'clock, and after some — _ flirtation with scrub, low and steep hills and flat ‘ : _ Vertical wall of slate to Woolayian, and descended instantly just _ 48 steeply the other side of a knife-edge, to a swiftly flowing, me eae aa oe nearly 4 CC geis ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. ee | j was dying ; but after a rest of an hour I proceeded, and came with difficulty through a dense scrub, masses of fallen trees and swampy ground, with blocks of gneissiform and concretionary granite to Burramungee and Narramplat, and then to Theroton, and camped under a peak of Muniong, near Kosciusco. I lay ill for several hours in a hollow—under the shadow ‘of a great rock in a weary land,’ and then proceeded to do what I conld. Four thunderstorms passed over us, grand from our position, which commanded the kingdoms of the world and the glory of them. The night was fine, but chilly at dawn; and such a sunrise greeted my eyes as I shall not speedily see rivalled. I lay facing the east, and saw all the process of dressing the day, and wished I had been _ a Turner to have transferred the tints of that glorious drapery, in which morning marched along the horizon, to the canvas.” Need T call your attention to this exemplification of the ruling passion, which made our explorer, when struggling painfully onwards, and even as he thought face to face with death, still watchful and observant of every geological feature by the way, and able to identify and in due course record, the “blocks of gneissiform and concretionary granite” that obstructed his path. The time that I have at command on this occasion prevents me following further the continued labours of Mr. Clarke in laying open the metallic treasures of this country ; and in con- cluding this section I will quote the words with which he closes his volume of “Researches” :—‘‘ For myself I only ask for that acknowledgment which my own share in the advancement of the Colonies may receive from impartial judges; and if that ac- knowledgment declares that under difficulties, without scientific aid, without sympathy, and in spite of a thousand inconveniences, I did my part up to 1851 asa loyal citizen of the land in which I dwell, I shall be satisfied.” That acknowledgment I feel sure _ that this Society will heartily accord. _ Another geological question with which Mr. Clarke’s name is inseparably connected refers to the age of our coal-fields, but to _ this I can give little more than a passing notice. It was chiefly, I _ those great depths of rock which brought the local names of a oe _ asthe most valuable coal deposits of Great Britain, notwithst _ Keld to belong to the Mesozoic epoch. 18 ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. believe, in acknowledgment of this department of Mr. Clarke's labour that the Murchison medal of the Geological Society of London, of which he had been a member for half a century, was conferred upon him in February, 1877. The President, in presente ing the medal, said that it was in recognition of Mr. Clarke's “re-_ markable services in the investigation of the older rocks of New South Wales,—services which have led to a correct knowledge of the — succession of the formations in that country, and which have been of great value to the community. Mr. Clarke’s labours date back — nearly half a century, and he had contributed several interesting — essays on points of British geology before he commenced his arduous work amongst the coal-bearing strata of his adopted country. Influenced by the love of scientific investigation, and aided by a self-reliant and independent character, he surveyed Hawkesbury, Wianamatta, and Newcastle, before the geological world as land-marks in an apparently anomalous series of strata His survey, the result of years of patient labour, was so exact, that in spite of former unsparing criticism, it is now universally recog: nizedas correct; and his deductions as to the relative value of marine - and plant-bearing strata, in estimating the ages of formation, — 5 poate the age webs our coal, and details the reasons that . : the occurrence of Glossopteris, which in other parte of the ¥0 (ee ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS, 19 A competent critic of this work says of it, in the Sydney Morn- ing Herald, that it is the most valuable portion of Mr. Clarke’s labours, and “ represents in epitome the results of the work of his life. We refer more especially to the appendices which contain all that is known of the Paleontology of New South Wales. That knowledge has hitherto been scattered many works, all of them difficult of access to the general reader, and some of them becoming very scarce.” As there was no sufficient collection of typical fossils for comparison in the Colony, Mr. Clarke had to send his specimens to other countries for identification. Respecting this, he narrates, in the appendix to “ Remarks, &c.,” the many efforts he made to obtain the opinions of competent men on his collee- tions, and the difficulties and disappointments he met on every hand. “In this extremity,” he proceeds, “I consulted Professor T. Rupert Jones, who recommended me to seek aid from Professor de Koninck of Liege, who * * has most ably, indefatigably, and willingly accomplished it, to his own reputation as I hope and believe, and certainly with muck honourable acknowledgment or myself. I had myself begun the work in a small way by making drawings to scale of more than 1,200 individual specimens collected by me from the carboniferous beds. * * * They were never published, and it was the feeling that it was a work beyond my own powers to do justice to it, coupled with want of pecuniary means and of leisure from my parochial duties, that induced me to look to professional and acknowledged authorities in Palwonto- logy, out of the Colony.” Following up his examination of Mr. Clarke's specimens, Professor de Koninck has recently brought out two volumes on the Paleozoic Fossils of New South Wales, with many litho- gtaphie illustrations. A reviewer of this work in the Herald Properly points’ to it as a conspicuous monument to the zeal and a Publication of this work, and the specimens named and figured by Vener ai Se RO ES ON Pd UE Age Se eg Re aa a ee Se Tc ¢ - $ - a "i al y ty 4 , es Pi, “ike Ie ge i - 4 » Australasia Prof Tavuatven Sydne », Belgium .. Prof. De Kon1ncxk, shine ae ns Dr. SrERRY F.R.S., Boston >, Denmark... . J. STEENSTRUP, Cope n. si Prof. VILLANOVA . >», United States Prof. J. L, New York. z a oo. we Prof. Dausrex, Ecole des Mines, Paris. eat Prof. A.Gaupry, Mus. d'Histoire Na urelle », Hungary Prof. $zAB0, Buda Pes ” Prof. CAPELLINI, Bo! a 3, Netherlands M. van Ba ER, lem. eS ie .. M. Rreer », Roumania ie. as OR: “cape Bu Messrs. Ree ho ae ane », Sweden and Norway Dr. Orro TORELL, Stockholm. Switzerland ... ... Prof I Br { ‘ 5 tiny TORDANO, r General of Mines, Italy. leat, bet a of Geology, Grenoble. Prrona, poche from the Institute of COUNCIL. Honorary President : President : Prof. E. Hesert, Paris. Vice-Presidents : charest Prof. De Moetier, St. Petersburg. ARRANDE, J., Prague, Bohemia. 1ART, M.A., tren of the Geological Society of Brussels. ‘HAMBERLAIN, Dir. of the Geol. Survey of Wisconsin, Us. ge. ArT, Prof. of Geology, Marseilles cpont, Dir. Natural History Museum, Brussels. eas 5 . of Geology, Lille. pirwhenny Stal wagon useum, Havre UNDGREN, Prof., University of Lund Latatse, Delegate from the Royal Academy of Sciences, [ATHERON, Mes Stin YER, Prof:, University of a gig to a Prof. of Geolo: Geckagy, Uaiesra niversity of Agram. of , Lausanne. ? APORTA (Comte de), Corr. Member of the Institute of blic Works, Italy. a ye esr an ahs msi a at en eae ae pata) was oe : INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTS, PARIS, 1878. 37 2 The propositions specially laid down, and previously published ; in the = for the consideration of the Congress, were the followin, : ‘eee © The ‘uilication of geological signs (i.e. colours and conven- | sae signs). 4 The discussion of various Peat 0m relative to the limits and arises of certain formatio 3. The representation of haat and veins. ; 4. The respective values of the fauna and flora in defining beds. 4 5. On the value of the mineral aa see and texture of rocks in determining their origin an Some thirty and odd papers esi more or less closely upon the : above propositions were read and discus sed. 4 At the last meeting International Commissions were appointed i to consider certain propositions, and to report upon them at the meeting to be held at Bologna in 1881. Three of the propositions are matters of the utmost importance to geologists ; and if t well and honestly worked out, the result should prove of the greatest use and benefit to Halenos. ee a ee eT ee 1. The enue pears oe for the Unification of Geological Signs is composed as BR Mor England... oa T. eae ae Es, Cambridge. , . poe ... Prof. LIVERSIDGE, University of Sydney. »» Belgium ... M. Dupont, Dir. of Nat. Hist. Mus., Bruss q ” a 8 , F.R.S., Dir. Geol, Survey, Canada. 3 » Synge Pini M. Riserro, Dir. of the Geol. Survey of Portugal. 4 »» United Sta Mr. Lestey, Dir. Geol. Survey of Pennsylvania. ” sy en M. De cRTOIS, Ecole des ae Paris. » Hungary ... ... M. De HanTKEN, whe Geol. Inst. oy ROMS a is M. Giorpana, Rom 7 Russia... ... ... M. De MoELizr, University of St. er y, Scandinavia |. M. Otto Torext, Dir. Geol. Survey of Sweden » Switzerland ... Prof. er peice . The International Committee for the Unification of Geological N erin is as follow: For England ......_ Prof. r. McKenny Hveues, Cambridge. ” ere me ee agg IDGE, ney. Dr. Sterry Hunt, Boston, U.S. Madrid. eae es Prof. VILLANOVA, Prof. J. Hatt, New Jersey. . “ M. Heszert, Paris. oni aia . Szazo, Buda Pesth. Italy ... ... ... Prof. Capexint, nan Prof. STEPHANESCO, ‘ Russia... . Prof. Ivosrranzorr, St, Petersburg. ca ia . LUNDGREN, - ‘ Switzerland ... Prof. A. Favre, Geneva. . The Committee appointed to discuss the rules to be in forming a system of nomenclature is composed as follows For Paleontology— MM. Correat, formerly Regrisers of the Geological Society ofFrance. DovviLi ining Gaupry, Pres. of the Gaia ical Socie GossELeT, Prof. in the F aculty of Pitas Lille Povret, Member of the De Saporta, Copeuuaient “Ot the Institute. For Mineralogy— MM. Desciorzeavx, Member of the Institute. : NETTAZ, formerly Piaidand of the Geological Society of F The members of these International Commissions are ¢ with the formation of local Committees in their respective coun each Committee is to have the power to choose its own Pres and weer, Ve re of the Committees are to be forwarded to the tral Comets at Bologna, by January, 1881. This Committee is charged with the duty of printi evga these reports before the Congress meets in the © the Congress—the President, Mr. Hébert, an geologists residing in Paris, notably the professo University and the Ecole des Mines, likewise m received embers of the Congress at their offici the Exhibition and various public institutions in Paris, o- certain collections belonging to private individuals. ; (Guide du Géologue & Exposition Universelle de 1878, oti pie zollections publiques et privées de Paris), consisting of 4 Pe INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTs, PARIS, 1878. 39 pages, described the principal features of the different collections ; t hic as accompanied indicated with preci- sion the exact positions within the Exhibition of the collections interesting to the geologists. t this “ Guide” treats of the oe collections Bp ts to their range in members of the Geological § sce of Fra The notes have a special = inasmuch as they are in + case signed by the contributor ; the remarks made by M. Zeiller, upon the age of the specimens of fossil plants from the New South Wales coal beds, sent by Mr. Wilkinson, will doubtless prove of very great interest to a cae of Australasia, and I therefore venture to — them ii nécessaire d’indiquer pourquoi nous rangeons ici dans Toate is plantes = Sbarro - et de oe re velle-Galles du Sud, amie par M. Wilkinson. f du e de cette derniére colonie, ma le sg ceepe sas cer veritable > fips jot Coal 1 Meare e iqu uu point de v es ont toujours été rangées dans | Vétag e e oolithigte Elles reposent directement et en rch er oi es couches dont ilkinson dans le dévonie: classées dans le sede ah atts des Spirifer, Schoen mae a et des ep 8 OV ovat dont Tene, ate nether par. mne mpone.9 en Otopte: — "34), 7s mpagnée d’un Le patodee ndron assez peu discernable, et qui 7c pie eet etre rapporté au x Sphenopteri ridium dissectum, Geepp. (sp-), carbonifére inféri t aux pias de charbon elles-mémes, les empreintes qui en pro- Quan: viennent et qui rangées dans la Collection du Dé “8 boro errs - de Sydney soe tes nos. ws avec le titre Up montrent les emgage Hookeri, M Coy ; Pp. pou ‘Depts: ramosa, M Ooy: une Equisé 4 feuilles presq) or Weapbeacarant wlanksok tar tas guine denben, lache, formant M‘Coy; :Phyllotheca ée. 3. The Committee appointed to discuss the rules to be fo in forming a system of nomenclature is composed as follows = For Paleontology — : MM. Correav, formerly President of the Geological Society ofFrance. — £, Minin, : Gaupry, Pres. of the Geological Society. GossEet, Prof. in the Faculty of Sciences, Lille OUREL, Member of the Senate. De Saporta, Correspondent of the Institute. For Mineralogy— MM. Desciorzzaux, Member of the Institute. JANNETTAzZ, formerly President of the Geological Society of France bers of these International Commissions are chat with the formation of local Committees in their respective count each Committee is to have the power to choose its own Pre and Secretaries. g, but for some time before and after. g were made also for several very interesting geological excurs! which were well attended, and went off most successfully. The Honorary President, M ~ bee ee eg er a5? ab ee BALES oe Ven ts ae ten by my INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTS, PARIS, 1878, 39 pages, described the principal features of the different collections ; and the plan with which it was accompanied indi rith preci- ime, or as it is hea ede tigen Geology,” was prepared by M. Hébert a ¢ e assistance 0 ort ae: other members of the Geological Society of France. The notes have a Special value, inasmu s they in ne case Si ag wo ~~ beds, sent b ilkinson, will doubtless prove of very great interest to eas logis of Australasia, and I therefore venture to quote them Nn ith nécessaire d’indiquer pourquoi nous rangeons ici dans Yoolithe. fare — de > arg re et de la “A we, oe du Sud, class M. Wilkinso ef vice géologique de cette derniére colonie, dans le terrain carhouslacs ‘veritable (Upper ‘tioal Measure 8). Nest a ievinkions ont été conduits par les ph PA de la faune a les regar andere = effet comme veddamietiod: et qu’au contraire, examinées a so sonra Botaniue, elles ont toujours été rangées dans étage oolithique Elles reposent directement et en ntixiiinnios des couches a M‘Coy (Ann. and Mag. of Natural History, vol. XX, p. 155) les sépara des 1847, et dont les fossiles indiquent en ef le terrain dévonien et ie ifére inférieur. On : i Oto Sphie « ora dae ahi sonnet sath age par une rete ce (no. 54), ¢ mpagnée d’un Lepidodendron assez peu discernable, et qui -iSameat Oo i sigs t “etre, non point des Otopteris, mais bien des Palwopteris, et, selon toute vraise: c . M‘Coyana, Geepp. (sp.) ; ces Palxopteris (no 64), nous avons rema un Sphenopteris appart u nfin un autre échantillon (no. 66) l’empreinte pOUpe e j re I @une fou gere a & pinnules trés-divisées, qui pourrait a la rigueur n’étre qu’un Palopteris lacéré & la suite de la macération, mais qui cependant _— semble devoir etre rapporté = ore teridium dissectum, Goepp. (sp.), q aussi du carbonifére inféri Quant aux couches de acbua elles-mémes, les empreintes qui en pro- lection du Département des Mines qui sont dans la Co i de Sydney sous les nos, Da 175, avec le titre U Coal Measures, nous lew aercayrose oa : sutra M Coy; a Hookeri, M‘Coy ; P. australis, M ‘Coy; um ; Brgt.; e Equisé e a feuilles presque complétement eit Be en as pln dentée, lache, seme Yate ty, s £ 40 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTS, PARIS, 1878, un entonnoir ce aga ah étalée, étiquetée Phslietnes e qui ) sea plutét appartenir 4 un Equisetum, Glossopteris B: ; G. linearis, M‘Coy ay; capes hastata ? M ‘Coy bus qui parait étre ansus, Sternb. Phyllotheca, découvert en ara: sie pouva it en 7 ‘Coy écrivait sa notice, de base & de déductions positives, puis navait pas été rencontré aille mais ila les couches de Nagpur, -Orientales, considérées ¢c oolithiques, et dans lesquelles uv: si les Glossop faisait r M‘Coy ; et plus récemment M. de Zigno en a 81 on eegh du Vé pA trés-voisines des esp enre Echinostrobus, qui, & notre connaissance, n avait ae signal ome a se cote pécial au Pip dete jurassique, et l'E. e3 que n up. es échantillons, paddies al fatéieutr, re : Voolithe ae Sencheevugh otons que les irae des ‘‘ Upper Coal Measures,” qui figurent vitrines de lexpo shea angi velle Galles du Sud, sont — r e des ¢ c ans @ ¢ ces coqu Lower Coal Measures (Lowe’ Mai ds); m cette empraiie une roche absolument différen te ry salle es qui accompagnen nt ces i semblable au contraire au grés schisteux des ‘‘ Upper Coal Measures.” f Tn it done certain que ces schistes 4 Phyllotheca, Glosso Fhinostobus, doivent — e regardés comme tout-a-fait distincts des c0 anciennes a —- s eta Po lasoplocis sur lesquelles ils r — : a Rear oe a une lacune considérable, accusée par 1e ment profond ct s'est opéré dans la flor Le g genre i ert se fe wa Be cement encore plus loin dans la collection empreinte sur des mblables, et classé alors, § no. 179, at le comme ate rg Vétage d e Hawkesbu Wianamatia que Mt ‘Coy rangeait dans l’Oolithe avec va pio a Quant au Pecopteris de cet étage provenant de Clarence River, ef. sous le no. nay il nous me ah ghee plutét au genre Dicho Be est également jurassique Enfin, i Horate eintes de Queensland, exposées par M. Foo e, a sous le no. 230, ¢ oe t les ogee! ds ei Cart, ; Oye Ee es, Morr. (sp.); bondant le Pea 8, Morr., qui présente i # or :P. ‘whiehyensis Brgt., semblance frappante. M. Daintree, dans ses Notes sur la Cela 0B) ux systémes, et classait le systeme supérieur, nfe péces, dans les terrains mésozoiques, laissant au contrai fére véritable, avec les couches a & Spirifer, veh isé par les Glossopteri s une note qv travait de M, Daintree, M. Carruthers (2) discutait cette idée, tc les couches a plantes des couches es Stag Schataeo me condnisent 4 considérer les deux § Soe edu m Gar tiuionten” ‘ ee ne Bosiie ng quant & nous, jes différeme ‘i la ck du genre ans les couche are vient encore confirmer avec oe de force et il fi la ‘opinion INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTS, PARIS, 1878. 41 The second part of the book treats of the collections according to their geographical distribution. This division was prepared by M. Velain, of the Sorbonne, one of the secretaries to the Committee of Organization. The third division of the book, devoted to the mineral collections and to mineralogical apparatus, is the work of M. Jannettaz, of the Sorbonne, who was General Secretary to the Congress. present at the approaching Exhibition in September next, a similar guide to the geological and mineralogical collections at the Exhibition and in Sydney might be prepared with great advantage to those who possess scientific tastes, and also to the public at large. I hardly like to propose that a. Geological C Although we are not likely to have a large body of geologists I think d would be such a small one ; but the Royal Society of New South Wales might, perhaps, with advantage join with the other scien- tific Societies to hold some special meetings, at which papers could be read and discussed, after the model of the British Association. is quite insignificant, not so with many other countries : some hav h large areas surveyed ; in such, the cost of making a change in the printing of the maps would involve an enormous outlay. The geological collections and publications sent from Sy dney to the Paris Exhibition attracted considerable attention; the copies of the “Remarks on the Sedimen: Formations of New South in acknowledgment of the liberality of the New South Wohles Government, oS hr regret that as the papers read and discussed before e intended, give you a condensed account of their contents and bearing, but I hope to be able to do so later on, when they shall ent F 42 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF GEOLOGISTS, PARIS, 1878. The Organizing Seueaitie for the next meeting at Bologna in 1881 is composed as follows Patron—His MAsesty THE Kine or ITAty. . Honorary President—M. Sewua, President of the Academy, Bowes ecoanaes py dha The Museum AST. Ponzi, Prof. of Ge eology, GrorpDANA, Chief Engineer ‘of Mines, Rome. Guiscarnr, Prof. of cology, Naples. The Italian ee and the eee of Bologna have — offered their assistance in making arrangements for the reception — and convenience of the members of the Congress during their stay — in Bologna. With regard to the Australasian Committees, with the formation -of which I have been charged, I have merely to add that I hope ms 7 raga e with those interested in the subject at an early Discussion. onyms and nomenclature. “q 43 The Water of Sydney Harbour. By Rey. W. Hey Swarr, M.A., Warden of St. Paul’s College. [Read before the Royal Society of N.S. W., 4 August, 1879.] . its neighbourhood forcible reminders that the citizens hav not yet successfully solved the pressing though unheroic problem of keeping their surroundings pure and wholesome. have, however, no intention of meddling, except quite in- directly, with the difficult and expensive ideas suggested by the need of sanitary improvement. The question here asked and partly answered is a question of simple fact. Whatever Introductory.—There are not wanting in the city of Sydney and e present obtained may be found in the appeal for increased con- tributions from private members contained in the Vice-President’s at the commencement of the present Session. : Part selected.—The portion of the harbour hitherto examined is the irregular basin comprising Darling Harbour, Blackwattle Cove, and Rozella, White, and Johnstone’s Bays. The group of inlets indicated by these names has an aggregate superficial area of about 1,800,000 square yards. Its shore-line is approximately @ and a h - ; : impurities from the wharves, manufactories, and other accessories of a busy and crowded life, with which it is to a large — surrounded, ethod.—For the present p the examination of a sample - of water consists in prea’ brs the quantity of ammonia present in it in solution, and also the quantity of ammonia yielded by the destruction of the organic matter which it contains. ere thus two stages in the process. A measured volume of the water eee 3 from sag on the Newtown found i this water were as follows :— ae Free, Albuminoid. a May re ae “O14 bE OT a perme Ray bi) 9 lage eee j : 44 _ THE WATER OF SYDNEY I[ARBOUR. is distilled in a glass retort, and successive portions of the — distillate are examined for ammonia by means of the extremely — delicate test known as Nessler’s Reagent. This reagent: yields, in solutions containing ammonia, a yellowish brown coloration, — solution containing a known quantity of ammonia in a given volume of liquid, to imitate the colour produced by the water — which is being examined, and so to estimate with great accuracy — the amount of ammonia which it contains, The liquids for com- — tillation is suspended until a solution of potash and permanganate of a potash, previously well boiled, has been introduced into the retort. in organic matter is converted into ammonia, and the quantity of ‘ second yield of ammonia is distinguished as “albuminoid.” The — process thus slightly sketched is described in detail in Wanklyn : 5 i r) . > he and Chapman’s book on “Water Analysis,” and less fully m ra) PS Sy : eRe alysis. “i si results of this process are registered in terms of the litre — a8 a unit of volume and the milligram as a unit of weight. It — is pein But before considering the water of the ocean, it may — well to instance the amount of ammonia, free and albummolG 2 an Some samples of ordinary drinking water —It wi =} ig Pees. be remembered that the month, of : | of heavy and continued rainfall. Durmg— ut period I made three analyses of Sydney drinking water taken : Road. The quantities of ammonis = PS on ONE 065 THE WATER OF SYDNEY HARBOUR. 45 Water taken from a large underground tank at St. Paul’s College during the same period was found to be purer still— Free. Albuminoid. Tay 15 ere aaaiiy |! annie. igh 028 Se eas ek ee "OP rr nae "03 ne Be al a “03 ammonia in solution ; and that in the case of the latter at least, the quantity of ammonia yielded by organic matter was very small, Ocean water.—To pass now to the water of the ocean. I have not had the opportunity of examining water taken from the Harbour water.—The difference between the ocean water and the water of that portion of the harbour with which we are here concerned was found to be very marked. a. Blackwattle Cove.—To take first the neighbourhood of the bankme t the head of Blackwattle Cove. Samples of other words, there was dissolved in these waters an amount 0 free ammonia from a hundred and ten to a hundred and seventy times as great as was found in an equal bulk of most of the samples of water from the beach at Waverley. It was soon ing into the cove not far from the point at which the water had been collected. An examination of the water of this creek on er. [Th tide notice on that day.] These samples, though differing con- siderably from each other, were both very much purer than those Pes described. The precise quantities of ammonia were as ‘ollows ;— June 2nd ce ae Se acciee 4s 6th Shas 46. THE WATER OF SYDNEY HARBOUR. B. Glebe Point.—The peninsula of Pyrmont serves to divide the system of bays we are considering into two divisions, an eastem and a western. One more analysis was made of water collected from the shore of the western division. This was taken Glebe Point on May 27th, about an hour before low-water. It yielded free ammonia ‘25, albuminoid -28. y. Wharf, Erskine-street—On the eastern or Darling Harbour side of Pyrmont two samples were collected from the shore. Both of these were taken from a wharf at the foot of Erskine-street. The following results were obtained :— Free. Albuminoid. May 24th (half an hour afterlow-water) ... ‘66 ... ‘ll June 9th 3, beforehigh-water) ... 34 .. @ : The high-water sample yielded only half as much free ammonia as the low-water sample ; but in respect to albuminoid ammonia the relation was exactly reversed. This may serve to illustrate ie the great variations and irregularity in regard to the amount of organic matter present in the harbour water. 56 J, : Five days afterwards a sample of water was collected from the Glebe Island Bridge, about an hour and a half before low-wate™ — le results of these two analyses agreed very closely itt subsequent days water was collected from both bridges at from dge were :— Free. f , : ” 17 wee owe wee eee ee 16 Those for the eastern bridge were— Junel2 .. Pe ee ae al nee ee ey am _ Instead of the close agreement eiteeted we hive here oy of the most pronounced and unmistakeable kind. THE WATER OF SYDNEY HARBOUR. 47 two bridges were arengeatcnd the purest and the foulest which i have met with in this portion of the harbour. That taken from mia asa tolerable drinking water; that taken from the Pyrmont Bridge, though collected in mid-stream, ls even more impure than the water collected at the embankment in Blackwattle Cove, in the neighbourhood of the polluted ste sien described. onclusion.—I am not aware whether any similar examination of the water of the harbour has been previously made ; nor do I pretend to know what degree of contamination in the water is likely to be injurious to those who live in close proximity to its ores. ether the work above described has any interest or value beyond that of a private exercise in the use of an attractive ei of analysis is a question which must be left for others to ecide TABULAR VIEW OF RESULTS. (engre per "titre. ) . Albuminoid. May Sydney drinking water (mean of three) . we 067 ” ean 3a brag + St. Paul’s College... ie 03 May 22. pray ype ‘3 hrs. ebb) ag. i 72 39 > ” ” : < June 2 re A » (2 hrs before h.-w. -) 24 ‘ll wb (about w) B.. 88 May 27. Giebe Point (1 br, before ‘es -w.) . IS eg 5 28 24. Wharf, Erskine-street (4 hr. flood 66 ale June 9. (} hr. before h.-w.) 34 "22 ranean Foul Cr eek, Blackwattle Stig sa ee oo 61 » 7 Glebe Island Bridge (5f ebb)... Sper BE 26 » 12 ,, a Mak BADE cuie hc) » 47. (34 before h.-w.) .... ‘16 06 9 me han Bridge (24 b. h.-w.) ... te 8B 26 rede V8 ‘s » (2b. h-w.) aK ORs “2 » 17, 0 » (3b. h.-w.) Se On the Anatomy of Distichopora—with a monograph of the genus By the Rev. J. E. Tentson-Woops, F.G.S., F.LS., Hon. Mem. Roy. Soc., N.S. W. ; President of the Linn. Soc., N.S. Wales, &c. [Read before the Royal Society of N.S.W., 6 August, 1879.] Tue family of the Stylasteride has attracted so much attention lately in connection with the deep-sea ings, impor- tant researches of Mr. Moseley, naturalist to the “ Challenger,” that need offer no apology for these brief researches on one of the least known of the family—the genus Distichopora. As far back as 1859 I sent specimens of this singular coral to naturalists in England, who could give me no information concerning them. The species sent home was described by Dr. Gray,* but beyond unknown as the fossil. This led me to send many specimens to urope, seldom, however, with any satisfactory result. I then Saw that the work must be done, as far as it could be done, by Colonial naturalists, e of my earliest puzzles was Distichopora. As early as 1858 T made some of the drawings which illustrate this paper, and I arrived at some of the conclusions which I embody here. As soon as Thad seen the results of Agassiz’s studies on the genus Millepora T came to the conclusion that Distichopora was one of those forms * Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 244. md. bot, Garden 1912 50 ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. the exodermal reproductive organs of Distichopora. I never hl until lately an opportunity of studying the animals alive, andin~ the meantime Mr. Moseley had ably and satisfactorily decide the whole question in those brilliant researches which I shall refer to further on. After all that he has done, I consider the observa: tions I have to offer here as av contribution to the ; stock of ry trifling 0 knowledge on the —_—- Though they are or q there are few that will be During the long period over q which my observations “ities extennied, I have been enabled to — ce to science, will be all that Moseley has given to the wo rid. The genus Distiche a coral which had rosea, was designated by Rumphius pear to have known cea. The following i osis : an rupibus di » assurgentes, ramulis teretibus, obtusis, sub- > Pp specimin - r ports concatenate decurrunt. In gu in adusto ql vt passim crebras in superficie ine oo ae ade a surgunt ; que confracte ce latentem prodiderunt F, q fr | videntur. mule Gorcoyta * Hist. Nat. @ Anim, s. Vertébres, st edit., vol. ii, p. 198. wah bin tes to this edition, which is a'small Svo. And was ee Utrecht, ot lates. I bave adhe pale § iit of ete flowers is, I suppose, meant, though ! ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA, 51 w the species, for he describes and figures it in his Vat. Hist 5 oF Doahites p- 140. Mitiepora viotacza. IM. in plano ramosa, ramulis ascendentibus, Slequoaia, terett impressis, sutura porosa, m arginem ambiente. He adds: “ This coral is of a fine violet blue. It rises from a spread base about three inches high. Besides the line of large pores which surround the margin, there are two rows of small 1 pores on each side of it. The surface when magnified is rough like shagreen, and here and there upon it there are clusters of little warts, like studs or bullule, which may pro- bly be its ovaries. When the branches are broken across, there mid rounded by small ones. I had form rmerly a specimen of this co a W. Webber, Esq., F.R.S., and very He atge some complete ones r. Banks and Dr. Solander, that the divers had fished up bowl the islands of the South Sea. ere is no reference to any plate, but on turning to plate 26 we find a very excellent drawing (fig. 3), with a slightly enlarged fie ari in fig. 4. In the ac- companying ee it is stated that no explanation of this plate was atcrega amongst Mr. Blix’ papers. Lamarck, with ual ace gnized the plate, and gives the following defini- tion: © Mitabchepae Polypiary stony, solid, attached, branched, a little compressed. Pores 8 unequal, marginal, disposed on the two di servations. I cannot avoid the necessity of separating from the Millepores the Mil Millepora violacea of Pallas, and forming with it a genus. This cora presents such singular characters in the form and in the disposition of its pores that although it is the ef ence known with this peculiarity, it is probable that others su any of the genera with stony polypidoms. Distichopora violacea. : oS aanamemeg ramulis ascendentibus, flexuosis, tereti compressis. Millep. violacea, Pall. se p- 258, Solander and EIL.,* p. 140. Habitat, Indian Ocean and Austral. My collection.” Teason why no aa to the plate is found in Ellis’s work is this : Bi vas pang the -sesittanice of Den Solander snd? giving sgh is died Oct. 15, 1775, when the book Hotini ah on towards wrth 2 was then engaged at a useum, and could not do much oa oa Ein E, Fothergill died 780, Sg ee Rabe oe d to the Solander (in 1782). U: Maris Wares book was rig go ane in ton just as it was, by J att, a eeviving daughte §2 ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. In Blainv ille’s Manuel @ Actinologie p. 416, we find the follow. ing reference :—“ Animal unknown, contained in cellules of two lateral series on each side of the branches of areous piary, dendroid, fixed, composed of compressed branches, obtuss, roun su ee ae ee in the interior. 35, No. ee genus has been established by Lamarck for a polypiary o m every known Millepore. In effect all its surface is cov with stelliform cellules, polygonal, extremely superficial, so ast be seen with difficulty, while on each side of the branches are us and scarcely solid.” Blainville places the cora ee class Polypiaria, sub-class Stony vk ot family Millepora His observations are incorrect in tw © particulars—first in regard ing the wart-like clusters as one of the kinds of cells; ondly, as to the polypiary not being solid. Dana also mentions the genus in his Synopsis of the Report on Zoophytes, 2nd New Haven, 1859, p. 15. “Genus Distichopora. Lamar Ramose, quite small, branched in a plane. Corallum firm, branches often a little co mpressed, and a cellular furrow on two sides extending over the extremity.” fig. 3, corallum nat, t. size; 3 a, extremity of a branch ma East Indies and Pacific, Paumotu, Archipelago. oP nlicios bites little the habitats of the older authors can be @ I don’t know where Blainville obtained his habitat. Ellis says the ex 3in. high, with two rows of small pores each side the margin, of larger ones > anton’ s Li it. Surface rough, with here and there studs.” Turton Linneus, iv must be ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. 53 2. Distichopora gracilis. Dana. Reddish ; more slender than the violacea, ramulous ; branchlets one-third as broad, at summit about a third of a line. Plate 60, fig. 4, corallum natural size; fig. 5, a variety(?)naturalsize; 5a5b, viewsenlarged. Paumotu, Archipelago. Dana makes no further remark. It is rather singular that Milne-Edwards, in his Hist. Nat. des Corallaires, in which he refers to almost every coral and every author on corals known, makes no reference to this singular genus, nor to the observations of Pallas, Lamarck, or Ellis, except in the ap- pendix, including it in the sub-class Cnidiares, or corals imperfectly or the affinities of which are doubtful. is observations are as follow :—Genus Distichopora. “ Lamarck has established this genus for a very singular polypiary, which Pallas had de- ibed under the name of Millepora violacea, but which is known in only a very imperfect manner. The soft parts of this zoophyte Madreporaria, and in effect it has some points of resemblance with the Favosites, but in other respects it is very remote, and appears have more analogy with the Aleyonaria. s dendroid habit, and is composed of almost cylindrical branches, somewhat twi nodulous, outspread on a vertical plane, and which presents, on the e plane at each side, a groov (Zoophytes, pl. 85, fig. 46), After being raised in an almost ne t line, these cellules curve from both sides, so as to repre- sent a kind of fan. They are nearly cylindrical at first, but open ne on the edge of the lateral groove, where the ends of the ___Gel's are disposed, one observes a series of little circular openings, cells alread: i i ¥Y mentioned. There are only two species—one recent and the other fossil.”* Mons. Edwards then describes the two Orr Perientiete cae te * Hist, Nat, des Corallaires, vol. iii, 1860, p. 450. 54 ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. He also describes the fossil species noticed by Defrance in Mi ¢ lin’s Iconographie Zoophytologique, Description des Pol Sossi columella or style seems entirely to have escaped him. noticed that, and its constant absence from the secondary pores genus, he would hardly have supposed that the latter nascent calices, + Tespecially draw attention to the fact that a fossil spee found in the earlier formations,—a fact amongst many others daily’ confront us of extinct European Tertiary species ™ not necessary, as he had no new observations to offer. _.* M. Edwards had also referred to the in his portion an ee vol. ii, p. 505. Bee sino Tamourow a Bren, Zoophyt., p. 256; Schweigger, Beov Mate. Hist. Reisen, of 6, fig. 61; Handbuch, p. 431. a u t Except the copy in s Croonian Lecture. ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. 55 recent species of the genus known, not alone in the beautiful bright crimson colour, but also in the form of the stem an branches, which in this coral is much more compressed, broader, and with Shas, edges, giving it rather a sword-like appearance. The lateral grooves containing the cells are much oe the polypiferous cells much smaller all subdivided short branc e apices of the branches which have been broken and reproduced are whiti we tag surface of many of the branches, asin D. violacea, is m r less crowded with convex circular elevations, or slig tt urls, tener appear to be hollow or blister-like, with rather thick pari figure 8 I give a sketch of the coral, which T a6 not rer as been figured before. I shall give a more minute di andly he a mistake about the species. No other known to from it. These always have pores through the centre, both gas- teropores and a The species is so very comm only met with that I a sir lined to think it is to be found on the New South Wales coas In the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cam- ~oaed U. States) for 1868, I am informed that Count de Pourtales chopora. have not seen the paper in caine th but in the Proce. Zool. Soe. for 1871, p. 281, Mr. W. Saville-Kent refers to an opinion given by the Count de Pourtales on i genus. He says that the structure of the calices in Dis istichopora is identical with what obtains in Stylaster and Allopora, with the exception that the calices are con- fluent. This structure is a tendency for the septa to unite and chamber or columella (see figs 15). In respect to the calices ng confluent, that Dist he same re- lation to Stylaster and Allopora that Lithophyllia and phylia do Mussa and Sym among the Astreide, regards the lateral and serial disposition of the calices as indicat ing an origin from primary alternate distal rather than So ii ‘ sects — no distinction between Mussa and Symphyllia ; the : nees between them, he states, being dependent on the mode of = which may y omy spear 56. «ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. irregularly scattered gemmation. Mr. Saville-Kent then ion ef a new species, which he names Distichopora rosea. See Zool. Soc. 1871, loc. ett. The wart-like clusters so frequently referred to are made ons the features for classifying Stylasters. M.-Edwards says of that genus that the branches have in various places a of vesicular tubercles. S. gracilis, roseus, gemmascens and granulosus all have — m. Hee.’ structure of the Stylasteride, for the following. tales, in his Deep Sea Corals (Illustrated Catalogue Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Colleg we 4, is, p. 33), writes as follows :—“ Professor Verrill first rec ogn nized other species ‘of reg stl were described from. te Kilantic West Indies by Prof. Verrill and Pourtales, ae gather from Moseley (op. a thus :—D. nitida, Verrill B Bull. Mus Co: ool, Cambri +p . cervina, Pourtales Y@P Sea Corals, P 39, note, ill Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard, No. Ke pl. 7, fig. 11, St. Thomas, Danish, West Indies. \ D: fei - Sea Corals, p. é and Key West, 100 to 262 fathoms. D. suicata, Pourtales’ i Sea Corals, p. 38, pl 4, fig. 14, pl. 7, fig. 7 off Havanah, 210 os oe D. ba em iene Cat. Mus ese refer ences or consulting the essays “of Count ag potion ag oo i hat “a coral. The soft parts of any of the Stylasteride we re not known to any observer except Sars}, who was enabled to see j 55; kk e if Philosoph. Trans., Pt. ii, p. 425. ee + Butron til. Kundskaben om Dyreliret vore Havbanker, £° Videnskabs, Selskabet i Christiana, 1872, p. ne (res Fide Moseley, /0¢. ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. 57 enough to make him suspect the affinity of the Stylasteride to the . Hydroids, Ever since the observations of Agassiz on Millepora a To follow the description of Mr. Moseley, in his charming Notes of through the smallest part of the coral. Two kinds of polyps in- habit the two-sized pores. The larger are short, stout, cylindrical ; polyps, with four tentacles, a mouth, and a stomach. ey are and the pores Dactylopores. All the polyps of the Colony are at their bases connected wi i i be the discoverer of all the analogies of the Stylasteride, to which the Milleporide gave only an imperfect clue. During the voyage genera where the style is found in both, and others where it is found in neither. For the process of reproduction each colony or coral is of a separate sex, male or female. In the fe developed into a cylindrical larva or planula, when it swims off and develops itself, when attached, into a new stock. The male organs are in ampulle also, and permatozoids. In so genera the pores are irregularly scattered, in others the dactylo- (Spore are grouped round the tropores either Baser a), regularly but few (Allopora), regular and pumerous (Allopora, Astylus), few and in a linear series ( Distichopora). G = Wig. 1 plastids primarily arranged in two layers, surrounding a: receiving cavity, the enterdn. Grade 1. Culentera. Enter which the enterdn remains as a continuous cavity either simple much I i al ylu MEDUSE. 4, HypRocoraLuine. 5, 0 oo wel rar contain two orders, viz % er, Millepora). 2, Graptolitide (Graptolites). | The synopsis of the genera is thus formed by Mr. Moseley- Hypro-Coratiin® (Sub-order). a ; Hydroids forming a corallum with two kinds of zooids, uctylozooids with numerous tentacles. Ampulle a8 Vol * Phylum is a term proposed by Haeckel instead of sub-kingdom™ ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. 59 Fam. Stry.asTerips. Gray. Pores sporadic or not in cyclo-systems. Gastropores with styles. Dactylopores without them AA. Dactylopores of one kind only. Genus Sporapopora. Moseley, 1878. Pores of both kinds simple. Gasterozooids with four tentacles. Polypora. Moseley, 1876. Genus Piioporurus. Pourtales, 1871. Dactylopores at the tips of tubular projections. Gastrozooids without tentacles. Genus Errina. Gray, 1835. Gastropores sometimes covered with a projecting scale. Dac- tylopores within nariform projections. Genus Disticuopora. Lamarck, 1816. Pores simple in a triple linear row at the lateral edges. actylopores of two size Genus Lapropors. Moseley, 1878. Larger dactylopores within nariform projections arranged in regular rows. Smaller dactylopores at the sides of these. Genus Sprnipors. Moseley, 1878. Larger dactylopores within long spine-like se ane Smaller dactylopo ain simple cavities at their bases. | Gastrozooids with ntac B. ive occurring in regular cyclo-systems only. Styles present in both kinds of pores ora pe BB. kinds of pores with styles. Gastrozooids with ten- ' Genus Attopora. Eherenberg, 1834. cacy losystems budding from one another somewhat irregularly. Gasterozooids with twelve tentacles. Genus Srynaster. Gray, 1831. ae - Corallum increasin g regular alternate gemmation : cyclo-systems from Bip sont Gasterozooids with cight tom 5 =< ERA: Biples alsant gasterozooids without tentacles. Gastero- ‘Pores with two chambers, & Fase Sat tee Sie, closes Sikes an Na le aie | Sead Ie eh Sires Tat Le ey F o: if i", eat * 60 ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. (in D. violacea) often quadrate or angular. They at tm Pisa Ae NY) Pe lgt! I pee Se , aes ‘ = Genus Crypronetia. Milne-Edwards, 1849. Summits of the cyclo-system covered by a lid. Cryptheli E & H. Genus Astytus. Moseley, 1878. Cyclo-systems without a lid. In the definition which Mr. Moseley gives of Distichopora I think it necessary to make certain little additions or slight rections after giving his words. Distichopora. Lamarck. Corallum branching, flabelliform, with bell The remarks I wish to add are that in all the ape t = : + 2 : me, viz., D. rosea, D. coccinea, D. violacea, D. livida, the $ peiDg. pores are very irregular in shape, and vary extremely in size 0° © studded with trabecule on the inside, see fig. 2, 3 and 10. lopores are generall sai? ‘srrounded by well defined watt hes y on a raised line and surroun ¥' bush ; in D, livida it is very long and covered with Spinous processes (fig. 10). ON THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. 61 T now give a list of the species, with a definition of those common in our seas. minent, rounded, or roughly stellate excrescences. Gastropores contiguous, deep, sometimes alternating in size. Columella very long, thick at the summit, not visible from above. Dactylopores cae situated in the indentations of the raised margins. Aneitum, N. Hebrides. J. Brazier; New Guinea ; @, gastropores. 3, pee riieas on raised margin. Fig. 3, sec- tion of branch at margin a little more enlarged to show distinct wall round primary and secondary pores. « and 6 as before. Fig. 4, ampulle much enlarged. D. Sotegeee Dana. Descrip. of Zoophytes, op. cit. p. 151, pl. 60 fi eddish, more slender than D. violacea, ramulous, adic. one-third as broad, at summit about a third of a line. Paumotu Arc chipelago. : is very difficult to recognize the species from this very im- a ect diagnosis, so I have ; given the swag Fig. 5. Coral nat * 6 r . fas 37 t enlarged. All from Dana’s figures D. rosea. Saville-Kent. Proceed. Zoolog. Soc. 1871, p. 281. Corallum arborescent, branches nearly cylindrical. a stipe s iTrow: inch. Colour of the ceenenchyma, bright rose pink. Habitat, east coast of Masta: Brit. Museum. ri SUR ee as ne 7" Bs: 62 ON ‘THE ANATOMY OF DISTICHOPORA. The specific characters here noted are the redesd margin to : ‘elated furrow and the colour. If I am rightin my identi : = the ——- I may | add that the surface is much more | an an _ The ampullee do not project much, and ‘eat lighter i in colour not conspicuous, and the branches often coalesce. It is not kno outside the tropics D. coccinea. Gray. See Weascik Zool. Soc. 1860, en ole of Australia sa Pacific. Though I hav) : found it on the N. S. Wales coast, I am inclined to U that it occurs there, as fragments are seen in ee every P collection of shells. Fig. 8. Corallum nat. siz Dz livida, nobis. See Proc. Lin. Soc., N. 8. | Wels, yy ; moot ; pail cae from their orange colour. Gastropores large, j — lopores very mall, situated on the m oxgin, which is not _ Faised but broad. le very long ny spinous. slightly swollen pale livid masses, in which the cells are not distinguished. When broken they leave deep areolar pits. _ mon Islands ; New Hebrides; New Guinea. oa columella, much enlarged. LL. Style ( at of , higl hl ified. aes hs — MUA. anevene section of terminal branch, showing system between ceenenchyma cells, much enlarged. 216. a and b, D. antiqua. Defrance. Fossil 1 eis Eo “The following is a synopsis of the Pacific species :— A Branches nearly cylindrical. a. ginal ows m : Co Jour, pale violet. D. violacea. Colour, rose pink. JD. rosea. b. pe ae eS ised, vid ~~ orange furrows. D. ee B. Branch compre 4a ag with tatepal branchlets 00 . , ; ae oct ae rose. oe gracilis, [Two plates. ] Fig. 1 IL height iach, BY Distichopora livida. A ayes ' . ’ ’ * . ® ' | a & % Distichopora coccinea. Distichopora coccinea. 65 On the Geological Formations of New Zealand compared with those of Australia. A Lecture by James Hector, M.D., CM.G., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand. [Read before the Royal Society of N.S. W., 3 September, 1879.] e tainous count , having a leading range composed of upper palozoic rocks, but not of the older rock formations as might be enc metamorphic rock supporting synclinal masses of fossiliferous ' tions. gations of the “ Challenger Expedition” had also shown that, unlike other Oceanic islands, New Zealand is surrounded by a submarine plateau or shelf, which extends a varying distan _ ee : THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND Islands. The depth of water on the plateau is about 300 to Ol fathoms, the surrounding water of the ocean having a depthe from 2,000 to 2,600 fathoms. Along the base of the m forming low mountain ranges subordinate to the main axis. the North Island there are similar outcrops of the mesozoie rocks th 3 eg = L ras 3 J Lae 4 pe at ose ke o gy, greater portion of the surface. In many cases ery marked that in New Zealand the newer an _ formations have only survived and escaped denudation _- protecting influence of the harder masses of metam Igneous rocks. tain sides that had been held formerly by the trees, . ing the ad formations, comparing them with whi COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA. 67 tertiary strata are perhaps equally well developed, and the dis- i facies of each oe fauna is discernible as early as the eocene formations. upper mesozoic ee are very imperfectly represented in Proven but have enormous develop- ment in New Zealand, in which country, as in Pre the tertiary facies of the fauna and flora springs from a shore line and land surface of pre-cretaceous see This is the period of the chief coal deposits in New Zealan But it is in the lower mesozoic period that the greatest divergence in the character of the deposits prevailed in the several areas. In sc omiaered marine J Rtas formations, which can be deter- ir fossils, are not extensively developed, while the shiltkcteristic rie of the trias has not yet been detected ; fossil plants, which are most uncertain guides, being alone found i in the strata which must be referred to that peri riod. In. New w Zealand, of the marine ——- A on the other hand, the three mem mbers is followed in New Zealand by a gap, and the next formation, which is lower carboniferous and upper devonian, is the latest for- mation according to our present evidence, which appears to have n common to ‘Anetea! lia and New Zealand, and to have been deposited in both areas _under +6 same oe conditions and Occur at intervals, interstratified with the marine strata 0 New Zealand, sacl may be perhaps yet employed successfully as indications of relative e age. This would be a most useful labour, as the strata concerning the age of which there is so much uncertainty, are of the highest ecunbntic et ce in Australia and India, from their containing with that of corres aaa e in pee and age the - 1 wer plant beds of er dng ge and Permian age have only yielded — in a bad state of tion. The following attempt bular i , and is only the reading of the Australian record from the é 68 THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND New Zealand point of view, so far as the penprese and sub sions of the Australian formations have been described by — te authors. ee TABLE oF FosstiirErous Formations. me New Zealand. Australia, — 1d drift, scoria- oh, we of ‘ica d. Shingle’ Plains a II. Pliocene— Older gold drifts oe page} Plains deop lenis of ands ¢. Llgnite bade d. Kereru beds = Upper Miocene— Limestones of South ADs ue oe omg reg tralian Bight. IV. Lower Miocene— a a. Ross beds toria. beds b. Mangapakeha beds Murray River c. Pareora beds ft mm, —— SE ot —— — — -} ti — anonael v u Ipper Eox Schnapper poi ba = See . Mt. Aconiean ae Victoria. : « Oamaru beds Table Cape, Tasmania. ec. Nummulitic beds 2B VI. Cretaceo-Tertiary— New Britain? a. Grey marls - b. Ghelans stone New Caledonia? Ks te PS why 3 a. i Queensland ? d. Am e. Island sandstone Ps — er or NEW ND g- Bing as grit t. Conglomerate h. Propylite breccias whe oe ‘4 River ut VIL. Neocomien— Flinders a. Co nglomerates with nau b. ). Porphyries sands pe est VIII. Jurassico— Queensland, ag +m ciarence Rive b. Coal seams 5. W. Coal, M. Middle Jerusalem Pututaka beds mania. Diane te L. Lower Raj rie ia Flag Hill beds Paterson, Vile IX. Liessio— Queensland ? ofan B on 8 shales, gay mm SS a. p is : 4 es ee b. Wairoa beds New a0 oo on 2 ory sané : wats a SETS GOR a — Hawke She: R255 05 "oe 5 Gy guarie? COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA. 69 ; L. Lower Newcastle Coal Measures a, Mt. Potts’ beds N.S.W. os Kahiku beds Glossopteris beds : a. Conglomerates . . Red sandstones Wanting ? we Creek beds and ollongong beds, N.S.W. oo Lower Carboniferous Port Stephens beds, . Maitai slates N.S.W. Te Anau beds Tasmania. Gympie Creek, Queens- land Ri XIII. Lower Devonian— Murrumbidgee beds, . Reefton beds N.S.W. st Upper Silurian Yass and Hume beds, _ River slates N.S.W. ect ge b. mestones derase River, Tasmania. ; ¢. Glerpauiinca slates XV. Lower Silurian— sgn wel slates of hee abe aga slates Vict € Herabletede rocks The following are ages of the approximate thicknesses in feet of these for mations :— eo Pliocene ae = me eat 1,500 Upper Miocene ee 6 ou iz 500 to 1,000, Lower Miocene a be ae ... 1,000 to 1,500 Upper Eocene ... the te on ass 500 to 700 Cretaceo-tertiary he ay yt a a One Lower Greensand we ie ee ay 00 Jurassic. : Oe oe 1 B00 te Oe i: a : 2,000 eee fo Trias i se 5,000 to 8,000 eae, 600 to 7, 000 iat Casboniforous aia ad Upper Devonian .... 7,000 to 10, 000 Lower Devo a: 5,000 Pinan oS ee 3,000 Lower Silurian... Sx a ak ... 4,000 to 10,000 LEP ocens: a. Terrace plains, Seinde Island limestone. 6. Pumice sands and lignite series. lassed 3 as post-tertiary and recent have already been referred to. The oe —_— formation belongs to a period when New Zealand was 2 4 THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF ZEW ZEALAND from its containing the richest eens of alluvial gold that form th _ the distribution of which, and as a rule the mineral ¢ ik ne, a8 a indicates that they were related to a closely adjust shore line, New sll, of which 120 have been found in this format the fauna of this formation indicate a the mountain range of a greatly extended land area, and iene the North Island, the voleanic forces had their greatest activity, attended with the rapid elevation of local areas of fossiliferous — deposits that were forming in adjacent seas. In the South Island — no marine deposits of importance, belonging to this period, are present, but the great area of land above the shore line intensified the erosive action of the glaciers radiating from the mountain — centres, and gave rise to enormous deposits of gravel, such, for instance, as compose the pe part of the Canterbury pee and the Montere hills in Nelso In the North Island this formation is, to a large exten marine origin, with 90 per cent. of existing mollusea, characterized — by the grea eat tai of Rotella TRS with Dosinea a Strutholaria fraseri, Chione assimilis, and a large form cctnum maculatum, with many other r forms. The economic importance of this formation is very considerable, — Se the support of the mining populati In both New Zealand and “ Australia the natural drainage ae of the country hada Vay different arrangement during pliocene* times from pia obtaining, the ancient river courses constituting the “deep i and “made hills” of the gold-miners. Bee IIL—Uprrer Miocene. a. Wanganui series. b. Manawatu Gorge. c. Castle Point. d. Taerua and Ross. e. Waitotara and Awatere beds. These beds consist of a series of sandy and argillace to at they often pass, almost suddenly, from coarse conglomers i narrow strips of fine mud and clay, such as are deposi e centres of deep channels and inlets 7 oe and seas have salind about 350 —_ med . ich are now extinct. Ain “ apes characterized by the occurrence of : octagonus, Fusus ro echelon Sal lt Chios Fricsterth and Pecten. gemmulatus De cp! on pin of el similar the great shell-limestone formation of the South Australian gear tS ve Pade “ ee Lee pow ad ~ A Vw ra Ne A el os eae » RE Mies A) TH Me eh aly tien ae Net oe, ee ba be Poh Ay 4 hi Pa ‘ COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA, 0 ae IV.—Lower M10cENeE. a. Mangapakeha Valley | b. Taipo, Awamoa, re Pareora beds. Mi This formation, which is distinguished from the foregoing chiefly sprea F. sides of te South Island, and, when not removed by denudation, .. can be traced to an altitude of : 2,500 feet above the sea repre- ’ sents a period of great depression, and the deposits are remarkable ay for the absence of evidence of volcanic activity in any part of the region, and for the abundance of marine life,—about 55 existing soni, oun. —— ala, are ie most n tion in vane , appears tobefound in 4 Fs Rang {th eW V 4 ri a cong £ Victo Ti. , a8 eXpos along the sea als tavanis “Porland, nhs the marked difference in — indicates these strata were deposited i in distinct zoological region: V.—Uprer Eocene. 2 a. Mount Brown beds. * b. Hutchinson’s quarry beds. : c. Nummulitic beds. 4 This is a well-marked formation of calcareous sandstone, com- . posed of shell sa jose with corals and bryozoa, and is a shallow water and littoral deposit. Intense volcanic ies prevailed during this period in both Islands, and the calcareous strata are fu interbedded_with ‘ : : Ne 4 The 1 lower part of this formation passes, at places, into an imperfect nummulitic limesto stone, or a friable calcareous sandstone, : evidently asst in shallow seas, and forming the lowest member 4 of the proper ma rine tertiary series. The m more cera fossils in this formation are Strutholaria senex, Pecten hutchinsoni, Pecten hochstettert, =n erebratella suesst, Tait, appear to be equivalents ae ue | Bi op ae. (oy 3 THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND e forms, such as Ancyloceras, Belemnites, and Rostellaria, a number : E ‘tion of the series, in every locality where they oceur. Eee - Otago, — on the west coast of the South Island. _ Where hy brown coals, but on the west coast VI.—Crertaceo-Tertiary. a, Grey mars. a 6. Ototara and Weka Pass stone. a e. Fucoidal greensands. ee z d. Amuri limestone, chalk marls, and chalk with flints. e. Marly greensands. J- Island sandstone (Reptilian beds). ‘ae g- Black grit and coal formation. De These constitute the cretaceo-tertiary group, being stra graphi associated, and containing many fossils in common throughout, while at the same time, though none are ee” Species, many present a strong tertiary facies, and in the in part only a few are decidedly secondary forms. i The distribution of this formation shows that it was not, like formations of later date, deposited in relation to the form of the land as at present obtaining in the New Zealand area, except Et 2 the vicinity of some of the oldest and most lofty land masses 1» the south, which appear to have remained above the waterime ; ~ from the lower cretaceous perio The upper part of this formation is a deep-sea deposit, but ve lower subdivisions indicate the: close vicinity of land, and are te ; 3 | in some areas by true estuarine and fluviatile beds contalr : ing coal. . marine fossils include, besides well-marked gr x that have still a marked affinity to the tertiary fauna. resembles in mineral character and the contained fossil Stone and calcareous greensand of England In the upper part of this formation the valuable ager The black grit, which is the lowest marine bed of this § cat’ 8, the The principal coal ‘deposits of New Zealand oce cretaceo-tertiary formation, but always at the base of ry Uneonformity and long persistent land area at thi e Thus they are overlaid eth Leda marls in the W wie ,_» Sreensands at Wangarei, and by the island san @ S Immediately following the marine ne rest up COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA, 73 an immense formation of micaceous sandstones, grits, and con- glomerates, in which are seams of valuable bituminous coal, and this lower part of the formation is possibly the equivalent in time of the lower greensand group. same fossil plants are found associated with all these coal deposits, and even those of highest antiquity abound in the fossil remains of dicotyledonous and coniferous trees of closely allied Species to those represented in the existing flora of the country. In the Malvern hills, where the strata overlying the coal con- tain abundance of lower cretaceous fossils, the dicotyledonous leaves are associated with Alethopteris, Oleandridum (Tcniopteris), and other forms that are prevalent in the underlying Jurassic s. € same association takes place in the sandstones over- lying the coal on the west coast. It appears from this that the land surface preceding the great depression during cretaceo-tertiary times survived to a later date in the north than in the south of New Zealand, the beds overlying the coal there being generally of younger cretaceous age. : Unless it be in Queensland, no equivalent of this formation has n detected in Australia. VII.—Lower GREENSAND. a. Amuri group on east coast 6, Bituminous coals on west coast. eds consist of green and grey incoherent eens Woo equivalent beds are also found on the east coast of the North Island in several localities, and they haye a considerable bere ment in the neighbourhood of East Cape, extending inland as — i. Very similar forms are described from Flinders River in Queensland, one very characteristic species, Belemnites Australis (Philip’s), being identical. VIII.—Jurassic. a. Mataura series. 6. Putataka series. c. Flag Hill series. These beds, which are the youngest of the lower secondary formation in New Zealand, require mention under their several Subdivisions, although on the map no distinction has been made een them. 74 THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND The Mataura series consists largely of estuarine beds, marine fossils being absent or rare. It consists of dark-coloured mars — and fine-grained: sandstones, and contains the fossil remains of a number of plants, of which eight species have been recognized, elosing plant remains and irregular coal-seams, which have been ed in the next group as its upper member. 4 The Putataka beds are of marine origin, and contain fossils, of . which eleven species have been identified. : _ The fossil plants found in the upper beds are especially interes ing from at least one species being identical with a plant found m e associated, but from the natural sections, and also from the v8) characteristic fossils below them, there can be no doubt that they a »Should be referred to the upper oolite period. : af The Flag Hill series is marine, and is characterized by eight forms of fossil shells which have been identified ; besides mY others which have yet to be examined. ‘ace The Brachiopoda are interesting, as besides seven i . “iynchonella and three of Terebratula, Spiriferina Tore the lias is abundant, and also a form of Hpithyris (oa : bratula of the type 7. elongata), which is not hitherto recon” — higher than of permian age. : TX,—Lias. . Catlin’s River and Bastion series. pe al : This formation consists in its upper part of conglomer. ation} 2 wndy grits, with plant remains too indistinct for ig ye a and: in the lower of marly sandstones in banded layers which ba colours, at the base haying a concretionary structure," y and - led to thei being termed the “cannon-ball sandstom Sunilar sandstones also occur in the Otapiri formation. COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA, 75 Fossils are plentiful, and divide the strata into distinct horizons, Ammonites being especially common ; fifteen species have been determined, but a large number of others are present whi have not yet been identified. present the same abnormal survival of older types, especially in the occurence of an Athyris-like shell belonging to a new sub-genus, Clavigera, which has a great development in the next lower forma- tion. Nothing which corresponds to this formation has yet been found in Australia. X.—TRIAS: a. Otapiri series. 6. Wairoa series. c. Oreti series. on paleontological and stratigraphical grounds, and the clearly sate ddan character erg next underlying forma- tion, renders this classification absolutely necessary. The Otapiri series consists of a group of strata which I place in upper trias, or more properly as an equivalent of the Rheetic formation, and is remarkable for the mixed character of its fossils, which however contain many forms identical with those from the Rheetic formation of the European otapiriensis, which is near to B. elongatus of the English lias, along with Plewrotomaria ornata, and Taneredia truncata, which lite ta, rms, associated with a prepond triassic and even permian forms, fourteen species of which have been deter- mined, amongst which are Nautilus and Nautilus , The remarkable feature of the Otapiri series is the abundance - Brachiopoda, which are elsewhere so rare in formations of this ch has seven us Athyris ; dasub-genus of Spiriferina, which I name Aastel- ligera, with five i enti ly confined to this te THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND a ~The Wairoa series has been generally admitted to be trias cilia it was first described by Dr. von Hochstetter as characterized by Monotis salinaria, Halobia lomelli, &c. Eleven species have now n de termined, and Brachiopoda are represented, by t the earliest but having the dental plates i ate with the rostral cep (Psioidea), but these are very rare.* In some districts the Wairoa series is divided into two horiamg yielding marine fossils, by sandstones containing fossil plants from which forms of Glossopteri is (?), Zamites, and Rhacophyllum 5 have been obtained. Se The Oreti series, which has been mentioned in the reports as the lower Wairoa series, has since been shown to be absent in the Wairoa district, so that it is advisable to give ita distinc name. It includes a great formation of green and ry tufaceous sandstones and breccias, having at its base a remarkable ¢ con glomerate of enormous masses of crystalline rocks, m@ 28" — cementing matrix, resembling the character en for the * base of the Gondwinda series in India. Sor f the blocks, which are both angular and rounded, are 5 teat in ae ee This 8 conglomerate has a thickness varying from 50 feet to 400 “ feet, and is never absent from its proper sectional Lage in eo n at of the Hokanui District. The strata ‘ d ed dart Ae rte Pee Pe oon Es ae -beds,” on account of their tufaceous and esa The fossils are chiefly permian and triassic forms, | us also occurs, which resembles the J urassi¢ species Brachiopoda are scarce, ee one form of true Athyris, of W __ Specimens are very abundan t; with two gets of Psiordet, ae _ four species of Rhynchonella with smooth exte rnal surfaces, only occur in collections from these beds in the Kaihiku Range The oe equivalents of this formation in Australia are to : 53 be found in i: Spegey tta Shales and Hawkesbury * ; P nation of this point ; but the com parison of the 3 oe and the stratigraphical position of the formations i _ Support this view of their er Biss: i.* Tania havea remarkable and characterist develo ser will of New anges ee descriptive the @ : = given in a = veline of the Reports COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA. 77 XI.—PERMIAN. Kaihiku series. The mineral character of this formation is grey and green sand- stone, with breccia and heav ris aresene beds. Fossils have only been found at 1,000 feet ‘baie the great conglomerate that divides it from the Oreti series, the lower 5 ,000 feet not having yet been discovered to be fossiliferous. he leading fossils are Permian species, of which a large number have been recognized, and th eater number, whic have been found in Southland, also occur in Mount Potts and N elson, where Te almost edb alia ted in the centre. The diameter “of the centrum must, in some cases, have been 18 inches, and the length or mar- ginal thickness of the disk 3 inches, so that the length to the width of the vertebral segments was 1: 5. Still having the same proportions are other contra, but only 1 inch in length ‘and over 6 inches i in diameter. The articular surface of the bone i is mark character. No vertebral processes are visible. The ribs, which rake strongly curved, are in some cases 34 feet in length and 2} nehes in diameter. The articular exteeanty is hatchet-shaped, with & convex surface The proximal part of the rib looks like a hollow tube, probably owing to the spongy bone having disap- peared, leaving the dense surface layer ; but the distal portion of the rib for Dees iaetha' of its length was solid throughout. y ribs were counted in one specimen, but it was not clear if they “etpaae to one side only. The only limb bone available for examination is like the humerus 3 Telthyoonras, but greatly expanded at the distal extremity, bei inches in length and 9 inches across the lower end. It + compre ed and concave on the one surface, and convex on the other “Tt is worthy of note that, from a se serar of the same age, x Nugget Point, Otago, and also in the Otapiri series in the Walros — on Eee teeth having “Labyyrinthodont characters 78 THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND The occurrence of these saurian remains, together be the : survival of many permian forms into the Wairoa and e ‘Otapiri series, and the absence of true Spirifers, rode a : other usual paleeozoic elements of a permian fauna, would seem to connect the Kaihiku series rather with the mesozoic than the palzozoic formations of New Zealand. At the base of the Kaihiku series are the Glossopteris beds of Mount Potts, but these were not found in the Hokanui section, although from the thickness of the strata the relative beds must be included in it, while in the Kaihiku range Glossopteris ¢ Qoomes in the lower beds, as developed in the Popotunua Gor, The eeage of this and other fossil ferns associates this forma _ have yet been discovered in the New Zealand sections, there — a — break between the Glossopteris beds and the next — XII.—Lower Carsoxrrerous aANp Upper Devontas. a. Maitai series. b. Te Anau series. This formation is of considerable importance from the = share it takes i in the structure of the great mo ——- : poraneot igneous rocks, with gre associated m mate oa In the upper part t rmation consists of fine grained Sa —~- slates (Maite: aecn of eerie Waa —— aa — Australia we have the undoubted equivalent mir? 7 tion in the Port Stephens beds, — in the calcareous bap al ated in limestones, associated W with Hobart Town. ae COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AUSTRALIA. 79 XIII.—Lower Devontan. fton beds These are determined by their fossil contents, and have only been distinguished in one locality, viz., Reefton, although from their nineral character they are evidently present in many other parts the South Island. They consist of alternating beds of quartzite, chert, and lime- stone, the latter yielding many fossils, of which a few species have been (etermined, such as Leptena bipartata, Orthis interlineata, =~ speciosa, S. cultrijugata, Chonetes striatella, Homalonotis The general character of the fossils from this formation cone pares vith the limestone of the hd soo een and near Carcoai and Bulubala, in New South W XIV.—Upper Smvrian. * Baton River series. A grat part of the area coloured on the map as metamorphic schists should probably be included in this formation, but ‘oe have oily been distinguished by their fossil contents in the north- west dstrict big o elson, where both Upper and Lower Silurian ze TheUpper | Silurian rocks consist of grey cherts, sandstones, whicha great variety of corals and corallines occur ; crinoids also are vary abundant, Sone few of the species are identical with those found in the lover devonian beds of Reefton, whilst others occur in the lower Strian rocks of America, but the prominent facies of the collee- tins i is undoubtedly upper siluria: n, Orthi. is crassa, O. Aine 0. ulsoni, Murchisonia eck Calman th umenbachii, Homa- ils are found in the limestones in Yass and Hume wei in N.S.W., and in the Gordon River limestones of Tasmania. XV.—Lower SILURIAN. Mount Arthur series. These rocks form the mass of Mount Arthur, and the range to t north-east as far as Separation Point, and they consist chiefly oa dark metamorphic bituminous schist, associated with a blue h or r grey sub-metamorphic limestone, which is in places di _ THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF NEW ZEALAND. to a very large extent. White crystalline limestones are alo associated with these beds throughout the whole length of | district from Mount Owen to Motueka. ey The whole series is disturbed by eruptive mee syenitic rocks, which are probably of devonian Fossils have been found in two localities only, and th } stone and bituminou 8 schists o erlie. On the Languages of Australia in their connection with those of the Mozambique and of thé South of Africa. By Hype Cuarke, Vice-President, Anthropological Institution, London, &e., &e., &e. [Read before the Royal Society of N.S.W., 1 October, 1879.] Iv Mr. R. Brough Smyth’s great work—The Aborigines of Australia (Melbourne 1878)—there will be found in the second y dialect, of the Yarra River of Melbourne, composed: by Mr. John Green, Inspeetor of Aborigines. Unfortunately many common words are left out, so that com- parison can only be imperfect. However, I found on examina- outside of class xi are found in class x, being Bantu ‘or Kaffre Suages of Portuguese, Western and Central Africa, being Congo, &e. Some words are found in class iv, which is related to class x, The following list will show this, the class x being thus marked—[ | ae Yarra. Africa. _ Man kolin fakala, Mugentandu] ({koli) Woman i [baketo, Nyombe] bajor [badshento, Kabenda Daughter munggip moanaka Father marmun other baboop (baba, father) B banggannoo pangiandenge Sister latingata ndengetu Eye mee, merring m _ Tooth leeang Navel moondok matoku Knee bondo Bone ma-li Skin morro! [mungoto, Lubalo] - 82 THE LANGUAGES OF AUSTRALIA. Yarra. Africa. iF Beak barrgin-boon poono 9 Knife kal-been mu-kalo a mbene a Axe karrgeen koangoa Spear goeeon {ngaya, Lubalo] : Stone moojerr moara ; Coal kanendurr kala pe woodel [wondi, Mbamba. Stick a {koko, Kabenda] jerrang [jish, Bumbete] Yam barrm [mbala, Kabenda] Cat bede-dil {budi, Minboma] Mosquito gook [n M ] Lizzard tourroop rrada ‘ é Little wy-krook [watola] [Kasanj] to-kieve, Bumbete White lam-borreen [a-pfurau] Black woo-gar-ring “et Young boop [biop, Kanyika] Warm loom-badin [a-dom and but for the photographic records of these experiences Country would in all likelihood have been asked to g0 1 Me expense of repeating them. Fortunately the War D or a photographic branch, and was enabled to bring forward ee 3 necessary i ork by a proofs. This establishment does all its ¥ carbon and fatty i prayer: tion has tum fatty ink processes, and since its — Woolwith . as in the other ; for independent of its being used by t, Dr. Hunter speaking of the progress of art in gene oe PHOTOGRAPHY—ITS RELATION TO POPULAR EDUCATION. 91 in India says: “I must inform you that photography is making very rapid strides in India. Many of the Rajahs and wealthy natives practise it it with success, keeping assistant photographers in their pay.” As I only intended to enumerate a few of the many applications of this art-science, to serve as it were as an introdue- tion to my principal remarks, I must not continue longer on this and now, after having visited the principal capitals of Europe, where, by some years of study and observation I have gained an insight into the requirements and desires of the scholastic world, I am fully convinced of the future importance that photography is destined to possess, as regards its application to public instruction. Each year as it passed away left some distinguishing mark corre- Dies of my idea, and now I have the satisfaction of reading of results obtained, that I proposed to the French Government twelve years ago. My propositions were, and are still ———— “ to sO . _ known—and 2 of national education.” Since my arrival in ae arate I have in way abated in my endeavours to promote the advance of this interesting and important study ; and Success has ie rewarded my efforts, owing to the liberal manner in which I have been seconded by the Technical College im connection with ibe School of Arts. I mentioned that m the matter had been well taken up. I will a efore refer you ay little reflection helps us to appreciate the great serviees that photography can kes and is rendering to science, art, and ; nor can we discover that it is in any way injurious to — of them. However much these facts are known to those acquainted with the practical working of the art, it has yet to be made generally known and proclaimed to the world that it is the 92 PHOTOGRAPHY—ITS RELATION TO POPULAR EDUCATION. to lecture at the Sorbonne ; and what a splendid success was that first important lecture on Photography in this great centre of learning, and whose threshold it had never yet crossed, except as a servant—but now it had risen to claim its own ; and to whom did it address itself? I will continue the paragraph :—“ the audience were scientific men, members of the Academy, pro- fessors of the University, distinguished artists, and men of world known for the extent of their knowledge and the depth of their learning.” All these were present as at an elementary school, to listen to truths of which they knew but little, and admire results whose causes they never would have guessed at. And all honours due to the admirable spirit shown by the various establis employing the different photo-mechanical processes ; each one came forward to assist the learned Davaune by exhibiting the particular process in use in their establishments. Thus, photo-litho- graphy, Gillottage, heliotype, Woodburytype, photo-engraving were pba yin review. It was felt that the time of emancip tion had come ; heretofore its services had been largelyavailed of but but now, by the force of its own great power and truth, all are obliged to acknowledge its position as the art-scienceof photography. This brilliant change was followed up by a lecture at the Cenb Union of the Fine Arts applied to Manufactures “Onthe appli of Photography to the Industrial Arts.” Then came a cours’ lectures on photography at the “National School of se Art,” and a petition has since been made to the Minister ¢ ne i Instruction that a similar course may be delivered before “Training Institution.” «ais And now, how can this knowledge be applied or introduced 0 our public schools? Firstly, by means of the photo-mec neat their nature, but at the same time it implanted oe ou ~ ful heart that spirit of ambition that led to highly 0. : a“ PHOTOGRAPHY—ITS RELATION TO POPULAR EDUCATION. 93 form, the object of his remarks ; it is supposed to be an embodi- ment of his teaching, and, as such, ought to be of the best descrip- on. __ Now, I claim for photography the power of producing these illustrations in a manner superior to all others, in a pleasing, instructive, and, above all, truthful manner, and I think that the method I propose explaining to you will speak for itself, and require little advocating from me. It is simply photographic transparencies thrown upon a screen in an enlarged form, and illuminated by a powerful light, depending upon the quality of the slides used and the size of the image required. In speaking . 5 of a collection of views of Cyprus, by Mr. Thompson, a critic boo. & © s 2. or : a : S a 3 + & = ~ =] Au y g, 3 é 3 = & S & | oOo 3 g = | 4, A F ° : : E z (7) oO Poe9 Eo 6. iz $ =) eg es Lr] A °o 5° E £ g ° oi 5 5 Pe) ait z =] [es] a 3 i) as € ag er = + vs a Oo ia) e. 2. ct pie f4*) ” ° ht cr = fae) 2 Hy A g nm fae) ® a oO 5 ° ee A 3 ° ' subjects that might be mentioned, and yet how little has this eh dl dc aS Tie ie a Bp s na is*) jos) ct ° ; assist in dissipating the large amount of a Ignorance existing among us. 3 uu .® well-written article in the Photographic News, on Photography as a means of ar instruction,” the following 3 remarks occur :—‘¢ Wherever photography penetrates, there it : tes, to prove that, owing igin to light, it is called upon to diffuse light.” It then goes on to say what is now to the French Government, viz, “to org '§ proposed es public courses of lessons (illustrated by the means already spoken of), not only in the school, but also in the public halls.” _ The plan roposed i Jection apparatus.” This, in a Would be a powerful one, and in the case of less important places, Some less powerful apparatus would be chosen, more easy and Si eee « F 94 PHOTOGRAPHY—ITS RELATION TO POPULAR EDUCATION, { b : aidan persons. I need Apo insist on the immense these soirées. One of the greatest aims of our lives is to receive : knowledge, the next should be to impart it—to use every available — means to combat ignorance and superstition. Our Inte national — Exhibition is bringing us min a close connection with forei ” - a nations. How many, aye, how many of our fellow-creatures are there that Gale know of faecign countries _ eee — ae _ the most part unreliable rum persons es. Here then is a way of giving truthful 1 illgstrations cy »—its physical geograp anners and custom: coun y, m _ imhabitants, in short, of knowing all about it. How narrow 4 little are our ideas if we only know of ourselves and then as we — see each other ; we want to see the value of other nations, find out their best points and take them to oursely es. In se manner our : : ‘ ; ‘ ., Bi | . SN ABZ ph Si a RP aes Se eS es eka Sa A aS eee Se ein Mn a 2g Fail eS lar Tigges Sete eed 5 Qe ae =: pare =. oa Ottelia preeterita, F. v. M. _ By Baron von Mutuxr, K.C.M.G., M.D., P.H.D., F.RS, Government Botanist, Victoria. [Read before the Royal Society of N.S. W., 5 November, 1879.] - Leaves large, from a roundish blunt base, oblong-elliptical ; their midrib prominent ; their lateral nerves spreading rectangularly, forming with the longitudinal nerves large,regularly quadrangular, lated areoles. Under the above paleontographic designation it is here ven- tured to define the remnants of a solitary leaf-impression, kindly palzontography) may justify, also in this case, the choice of a temporary name for this certainly remarkable and conspicuous fossil. Itis with less hesitation, that to this scanty remnant of a , of which hitherto very few fossil species are on reco é végétale, ii. 44 the eocene estone of the environs e great French metropolis ; , Professo Squereux, in the Reports of the United States Geological Surveys, 1874, p. 300 et 1878, p. 98 pl fig. 8, rendered as 0. americana. ; When already so many other instances are known of plants to occur of prevailing or even exclusive Australian type (such as Casuarina, various Proteace, &e.) among the tertiary fossils of of the Parisian species, as well as its Australian supposed foss1 congener, remain yet unknown, to render their exact systematic Position indisputable. The degree of lensis is giv — e only i eal aharaey available of 0. preterita — _ shows the leaf ay rel as long. Diagonistically, littlecan be said about the latter species by mere comparison of the leaves, to dis- criminate it from some congeners of the piles creation. In _ foliage it is nearly allied to our native O. ovalifolia (Cl. Richard, — in Memoir de VInst. de France, 1811, p. 78), but the leaves of the _ latter.are hardly ever so large, indeed u usually much smaller; the _ midrib is not so prominent, the areoles are also smaller and less : comaanaped quadrangular. Impressions of the bracteolar invo- lucre and fruit of O. preterita may turn up yet to carry these Nietpesioane still further. Nore.—Mr. F. H. F. Griffin, of Richmond, N.S.W., to whom the s University ie indebted for the fossil i mpression, informs me that he believ: e specimen — from the Pies Bush Quarry, on ‘the near to Pa . Ta : on found in the Hawkesbury Rocks, yp with fragmentary veg and leayes enclosed in the interbedded masses of Wianamatta ie shale, ~—A. Liversipcr, ne [One plate. | Jour Roy. Soc. N.S.W.Vol. XII, Pl. 3. “Preterita von Miller.) # Ye Nay. Size. Compiled Catalogue of Latitude Stars. Epoch 1880. By H. 8. Hawsrns, M.A. [Read before the Royal Society of N.S. W., 3 December, 1879.} 1850, and to send them to the Government Astronomer With but few exceptions, the positions given by the former — catalogue are proved, by the coincidence of the deduced results, to with that found from more trustworthy data, no value can attached to the coincidence until the positions of the stars have been verified, — of the first gramme was U * rmined to Sisecsaaeang list, by making use of the Washington - es mee Lye es af ae = 98 COMPILED CATALOGUE OF LATITUDE sTaRs. EPocH 1880. catalogue of 1860, together with the stars which had been observed 3 - at Sydney during the last three years in connection with the a trigonometrical survey, and to make a complete —_— of the : : stars which would be ihr’ in New Wale From these sources I have obtained 517, of scgnsal not less than the seventh, which culminate within 30° of the zenith of ae place lying between 29° and 37°98, ., 2.¢. with N.P.D. 9° and 157°. The method pursued in the formation of the catalogue was as follows :—I first selected 266 stars which are common to the when brought up to 1880, agreed within 3”; but 1 poles raised the standard to 2”, and thus found that it was necessary to reject 26. In the same manner, 38 stars were retained —- 43 which were found in the Melbourne and W ashington catal The epoch of the latter being the same as «te ay the "Cape catalogue, no preliminary calculation was necessary ; no record of the number of stars rejected by inspection, ‘but added 182 to my list : Finally, hots the 139 stars specially observed for the poi 4 General by Mr. Russell, it was increased by 42, which position with one other ‘of the 2 thc and by 15 not found i in _ accordance with the principle on which it is form oe - to exclude the others, although the deduced latitudes prove’ z the a must generally be very correct ; W: there 8 certainty with respect to individual stars ; since, in the ce zenith pairs, an error in the declination of one star ‘ae 4 = aperi or partially balanced by a corresponding error in As this catalogue is intended solely for latitude observations where extreme accuracy in the time is not required, I hse pr | recy 1880 from Teyana of the others used yeaan® Rekaed and, fori time 0 the Nau the corrections for the epoch 1880, the first terms of the et! ual in R.A. P.D. have been calculated in every é Melbourne and Cape catalogues. When either of these 138 used with the Sydney observations, or with the Washing | eet ee wee Ea” 7 ge cet end ene > x a toa Hee < tr hi ; * COMPILED CATALOGUE OF LATITUDE STARS. EPOCH 1880. 99 catalogue, which does not give the second terms of the precession or the proper motions, these elements have been taken from the former. Since the catalogue was commenced for a special purpose, it may not be uninteresting to give a short account of the results obtained by it, in conjunction with the stars observed at Sydney ; premising that the conditions under which the observations at the were made were far from satisfactory, as is shown by the following extracts from Mr. Conder’s reports ; to which I may add that the weather was generally unfavourable. At Sand Hill near Barringun, he says :—“ The hill consists of a loose red sand y. I have mentioned above that only one-third of the original programme of B.A.C. stars was used ; and, of the extended list, So few had been observed when Mr. Conder started that, had he been compelled to depend on them, it would have been necessary to telegraph the declinations as they were observed, in order that he might be assured that the latitude of each station was known within very narrow limi i obtained by three settings of the instrument ; the corresponding groups consisting of four, five, and seven stars, which under These have an extreme range of 349 in the 83 individual observations at Station No. 3, which remained after arm results had been rejected, and of 2-42 at Station No. 4, in oy means deduced from observations of the same pair; whil ae average differences of these means from the adopted eee the four stations are respectively 0”-25, 0”-62, 0°39 and 0° bi of Mr. Conder’s best latitude stations, Mount He 5 at Mount Lambie, with the advantage of perfect genie antes t and the power of selecting favourable nights for o vation, being 0-45 and 07-52. a sy The results rejected from the appended observations are = : thrown out by Pierce’s criterion, the object of which 1s to ae i ae Nike i i Ba) mean by more than three times the mean of the errors, irrespective of sign; and when the number exceeds ten, the corresponding _ limit is two and a-half times the mean error. Of the twelve results thus rejected, the first at Barringun, and the pair ©.C. 604, 781, at Sand Hill, consist of stars of which none enter into any other combination ; r "proves that the latitude found from the pair M.C. 910 and ©.C. 798 at each of the four stations, being much too great, the re arise only from the declination of one or both being too a 4 and, as other combinations prove that the position of C.C. 7 ie correct, it follows that M.C. 910 is wrong. Agai the latitue’s as deduced from each of the three pairs of which B.ALC. 6,9828 mfg being much below the mean at Stations 3 and 4, it is evident that the declination of that star is too low. "54; and Oy 5” 1, 5”-39, and 1 43. altered ; and deducing from these the positions m —” wii seconds are—for a! Crucis, 40”-94 ; and for + Argis, 506; W © corresponding values as observed at Sydney this ee 41-20 and 3”52, which differ from the Melbourne values PY 0"-29 and 0”-20, 1 : + the Imay add that, encouraged by the results obtainet eee stations connected with the trigom ” : . ions : if survey of the Colony, using the mean of the puree probable ‘ from all available sources, and that in every case error has been thus diminished. those of CATALOGUE OF LATITUDE sTARS. EPocH 1880. 101 LaATItupDE—BARRINGUN. z Stars. m uly 1& July 10. July 19. July 12 Mean. i é “” a” “ w” 29° 0 40” «BAC. 4,332 B.A.C. 4,396 O88 F KAS + 9°66" 8 ee Seesaw 68 | cscs 909| 8°36 i: $006)3 0 4061 VY ees ee ee 8°34 8°34 4,868 ,, 4,892 8°04 | 7°51 | 7°50 7°68 O50 8, BE Fea 7°99 |... viii 7°88 5,227. ,, 5,250 | 9°16| 8-42] 7°59] 8°46 S41 5,272" ,, 6,374 10°12*| 9°16 | 7°84 8°59 ee 102 COMPILED CATALOGUE OF LATITUDE sTARS. EPocH 1880, — LatitupE—SAanvp Hint, NEAR BARRINGUN. Stars. July 28. | July 39. | July 30. Mean. F 4, " a" y | oper BAC. 4,608 BAC. 4681 | 832 |e. | cree om Oo. 66 MC. 736 9°89 es ae er 965 . ee ss 9-24 | 913 | 10°62 966 ei os MC. 784).|) 10-90 9:25 | 10°05 10°10 : M.C. 736 B.A.C. 4,868 | a ee coe gil ~ a. CC 601 C063 9°66 ‘ B.A.C. 4,868 B.A.C. 4,892 BES 1, 35 10°50 9°48 d ” ee MS 764 00 tS. 9°94 10°07 ‘ 9 4,892 0.0 601 POO) ones. 10°07 9°54 M.C. a rs 6 es 9°50 10°12 ©.C 604 M.C. 781 718 | 6°42 8-00 720° B.A.C, 5,127 B.A.C. 5,151 ae dees eee 856 861 99 a 5,250 9-42 | 11°23 9°19 9°95 ‘ 2) 5,374 S60 4 osc 9°58 9-09 » 5,488, 5,519 9°69 9:31 9°77 9°59 » 5,579, 5,639 8°73 9:08 8°62 8° oo oe me Tn. 977 | 9°96 9°86 Cc. 73 CC. 741,| 9:80 | 994 | ...--. 9°92 ” eee 773 ee haa 9°58 ” Te ony 741 || 10°46 018) as: 9°80 > 9 oY 773 Ae ea or ets 10 14 3 » 741 M.C 878 10°85 | 10°25 | ..... 10°55 ; a 8 OO.” et) rose |] 10°58 9» ee 798|| 11°99 | 12°12 12-06" - 920 M.C. 9251] 10-03-| 9:98 | ....-- oF » a 9291} 911 | 976 |... ~~ 2 - 925 CC. 859 9°60 | 10°21 |... bss 4 ” 929 fo rae 8°69 IOS |. ive ee : » 963 M.C. 968 9°04 | 975 | vee Cher : 964 Pe i ee prere eavy cross sea, ge +4 a.m., at noon, p.m. S.E.; fresh breeze and rs clear —_ 3 throughout. Ww “John Williams,” 10th ary, 6a , > cloudy, sea risin: oints, ba falling, wind veering sate. ah noon, latitude 22°40, longi 168-20; wi h breeze loudy sky, barometer 29°7 ily: severe squalls and remarkably heavy 1a rain, high co se8, daromete 29°65; midnight, wind round to W., ster Ph confused, sky very » ase a8 to westward, el 63. yee: Woes” beating ap Kendavn u passage with brisk . i sails from gaskets, confused sea, wind N amare _ 26, longitude 176°50, wind N. W., very Di a wind west, t, gale moderating a little ; . , nig ‘wind Ss. 88. Wy t; daylight, N.N.W. gf n, N.W.; 4 We It thus appears that wy of 8 30. p.m of 9th the gale blew furiously until 4 p.m. the 10th, betwe the and W., and that ste : the west point ose was little or no force in January llth, strong southerly winds and rain on the coast of Queens- The ‘Superior’ had moderate southerly winds and fine from 8.E., The “Gunga” at 6 a.m. had very heavy squalls and = cross sea; at noon, pg ee #1 25, vongitude 60° , strong 8.E. gal e, terrific sea; 4 p-™5 8.E. gale, terrific sea ; midnight, port abating. THE WENTWORTH HURRICANE. 117 ‘John Williams,” 6 a.m., wind W.N.W., fresh gale, very high sea from south, barometer 39°53 ; noon, latitude 24°22, longitude 168°30 east, wind NW. barometer 29:59 aid necatine ral lay, culty with rain at . Were tworth,” 6 a.m., thick threatening weather ; noon, continued pei sea, roll sok sea a feo shy tly against the less ge noon, latitude 22° 23°35, loegitide 174° January 12th, strong aged tly wind and rain on the coast of Queensland. ** Superior,” ogy southerly winds, fine is as i" wind E.S.E., nani cross sea; forenoon, S.W e ith es lasted some hours; " aftern ee oon, wind and se chia at oleh ie Position at noon, 24 37 Tatitude, 1 163°30 lon ** John Williams,” January 12th, priming vale from N.N.W. wit ea ome . : alling, baro’ ; 10 p.m., “win nd W.S.W., moderate gale, baro- 29-70 ; midnight, fresh breeze W.S.W., sea sorts di down fas — a Welley,” strong breezes, rpg wind N.N.W.; p.m., heavy squall of wind and rain. rf Wentworth ” on 12th, at noon, saitade 25 es 3, a 171-40, t airs and showers ; W.N.W &e., iad e and latter parts very fine. Discussion. . Mr. P. G. Kina asked Mr. Russell if the sult on of the southern hemisphere always revolved in the same direc e > Mr. pag said theoretically they were > obliged to do that, _ buthe did not think they had sufficient proof to say practi | whether ad was the fact. If they considered the direction in which the currents meet, it was evident that the resulting _Totation must be in accordance with theory. It was a difficult 5 = the conditions under which it existed ; they could only get Syed of observation here and there, and too much was le < steamer “Wentworth” misapprehended the condition of affairs, Captain thinking he was on the south side of the storm when was sure : _ that a great deal of property might be saved if these gales were d. ‘s 118 : _ ‘THE WENTWORTH HURRICANE. he was on the north side, and that it was going to on that side. The wind coming from the north to the north- west worked around by west, and then came in by south-west. the north-westerly current. The “Dandenong” storm was one particular object in writing this paper was to induce captains acing to these northern ports to furnish accurate information with regard to the storms when they occurred. He properly understoo bs Mr. Kine thought the Society should convey all thanks to Mr. g Russell for his valuable paper, whic a ae lay down a reasonable rule by which they could be to some a extent avoided, and he only hoped that he would see his way — ear to study the important subject more thoroughly, and — eventually work out a theory which could be relied upon. : = ae [Map.] gainville 1 ne = 3 aS VV HE WENTWORTH HURRICANE ARY 10% 1879. ble direction: direction ahd the number e of wind : the wind comes. foc Sucpert ior’ s Santa trur 43. hear PROCEEDINGS OF THE _ ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. WEDNESDAY, 28 MAY, 1879. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. Hon. Professor Surru, C.M.G., V.P., in the Chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and contirmed. The following gentlemen were duly elected ordinary members __ of the Society -— Gabriel, C. Louis, St. John’s College, University. Hills, Robert, Elizabeth Bay. _Jarvie, Rev. A. Milne, Marrickville. Kemmis, Rev. Thomas, St. Mark’s Parsonage, Darling Point. Meslée E. Marin de la, Arnott House, Wynyard Square. Matthews, Robert, Tumut-street, Adelong. — 4 Mearns, R. Livingstone, D.D.S., Philadelphia, 36, Wynyar Squar > Annual Report of the Council was then read. : ; The Council bring before the members of the Royal Society © New Sout _ ‘din doing so are glad to be able to point to the steady progress “Rigg Mag sajoyed during the past year. The past — “2a May lst, 1878, with 347 members on the roll, besides honorary members. 78 members were elected during the _ Past Year, in addition to one honorary member, whilst the Society tos Six members by death and fifteen by resignation, thus Pag eh : chang of 1879-80 with 404 members, in addition to tteen ie . roe rs. The most serious rg the Society Vu uring last year by death is that of our coe ent, the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., F.B.S., &c., a loss « oe 182 PROCEEDINGS, be raised, and the proceeds be devoted to the establishment of free lectures on geology, and a periodical distribution of a prize medal for distinction in geology and mineralogy.’ A Committee was point of view, has hitherto not been such as the case deserved. ch thirteen papers were read, some of very considerable and general interest. In addition there were seven Sections holding monthly meetings, whic judging from the larger attendance of members, appear to become more appreciated year by year, and cannot fail to make this Society ‘was held on the’15th May last, and proved a great success both as t privately, was duly received from the Government, thus material 13 g the Council in enlarging the sphere of usefulness of this” occupied 767 publications were, very excellent microsco eee - May, received by the Society as donations, while the nee: E ae if ps ce Financial Statement for the year ending 30th ‘ 879, was genie by H. C. Russell, Esq., B.A., F. RAS., onorary Treas GENERAL ACCOUNT. RECEIPTS. “T Balance in Uni se page on Bank, 30th A eu IBIS i... 63 14 °1 s ” © ec iptions and-extrance f Sooae teagk So 2. ae Keke ke. be Oe x Government Grant . 250 0 . ntcghinntalaveinaat i OM. te £831 1 7 EXPENDITURE. By Hire Masonic , = iris a8 a ipcun 5 0 0 . A el lommnle ane ; Forni Expenses—Conversazione mayeecy 2 0 0 Boake Mt Rife Le es i Eeinting 152 19 0 Gece trraeenc tees ss scubls Sbbustivuewerkvemese¥ ents AS od 10 0 0 } rat 3 8 6 a ats ee tne ee 4 ions on PAPOLB) ceveciscestovee +: “ » Bank Commissi ission on Drafts ny es 216 0 ollecting subscriptions) .......-. sey fa cae Society’s Journal pi ora ie 218 6 pos : en pecking, # &e 7411 4 ToS 8 es ciry i we Ape 9810 9 1879 , to 30th A Mrs Case Bi eel “ame vg = ae 84 0 0 g rooms, to 30th April, ey hy See at Monthly ce * he %..3 6 581 311 PROCEEDINGS. 123 124 PROCEEDINGS. EXrENDITURE—continued. s. d. £ a ¢. By Entrance fees transfe rred to Building iste 8118 0 Amount transferred to Building Accoun 108 13 6 cotton Vr vi 5 eee on country cheques .........-..s50+5 1 6 0 , Balance in Union Bank, 30th aps” Vy es eee 58 0 2 Nortr.—£70 from 1878 yet to be accounted for. Receipt for £89 9s. 11d. Pas to Tribner & Co., for books, to be produced. Audite R. 34 A. aaa HARRIE WOOD H. c. RUSSELL, Honorary Treasurer. W. H. WEBB, Assistant Secretary. 30th April, 1879. | BUILDING FUND ACCOUNT. REcEIPTS. £. ad. £84 a To Subscriptions .............:scccceseressesseesreseeeees 1,064 14 0 4 , Government gaa Rue tr aa Ptinae San test ivan 0 0 , a Rent af hall to Reitacs Oo AG oo os ane 200 0 0 , Hire of room to Sundry y cacintion Wiyakt dvees coer 2913 0 1,794 7 ® ;, New Members’ entrance fees—transferred rd General Accoun sie gueRe a US Gea aca 8118 90 »» Amou 1 from General Account.. 108 13 6 ; i Oe Rises £1,984 18 6 EXPENDITURE. ayeemraceee ss! ; By Cash paid hypo purchase of building Sa 1,525 0 0 : », Law costs of m ZO ence ceneeteneencceenenes 15:-0;-0 ‘4 “ Law costs of title Ree ae agua cues ene el 56 1 0 mo din lk £ 4 rcs ore : of purchase .............. seal new one eee 53.17 9 ” Sundry i improvements and repairs ei ae ieeses 34 : : 2 99 SEUY TAUCS ceccvcccraccronsvccsesessersewerenscsesese ree 8 ” Interest on £2,000 @ 6 %, to 3lst March, a o8 e Fs eel on spores Rocihrisi tien cera mee Tae ae Sa | , Imsurance on building ...............0000- ceeereees 5 0 0 J ;» Amount at red yy February 2nd, | Peas 100 0 0 ,, Amount at fixed deposit April 30th, 1879... 100 0 0 1979 9 9 97 », Balance in Union i 5 oF > Bank, 30th April, 1879 ... a gt £1,984 18 & Audited, cere R. A. A. MOREHEAD. fs HARRIE WOOD q + c tlie ee Honorary Treasure? WEBB, Assistant cretary: 30th April, 1879. PROCEEDINGS. 125 STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND ae FOR THE YEAR > ENDING 30TH t APEIL, 18 : Ass O° a ee _ To Balance in Union Bank to credit of Giaead Account...... 58 0 2 tia) “ole aa and entrance fees due .............s.esreeeeeeees 13 13 0 » Purniture, painting, books, &c. ss alee unknown—taken as insured Oe Rhee 1,000 0 0 » Rent of room to Sr. Simonetti ............::.sscceereeessesseees 610 0 Be: ises in Elizabeth- street (cos of purchase) ......--+++. 3,525-.0 0 Balance oe Union Bank redit of Building Fund ge / ” Amount « : fixed deposits te credit of Building Fund Pin i weee bee evebge tee z £4,808 12 8 ¢ LIABILITIES. By Tritbner & Co.—Peri odie ble fc ak ine 1113 4 »» Savings Bank—Loan on Mortgage «........-ess:ssseereestee pao * laces of assets over * liabilities las toa ocak eager ae : £4,808 12 8 ; 693 ned, a Ry ay ca MOREHEAD. “eS WOOD A 0 2,796 19 4 H. C. RUSSELL, Honorary Treasurer. W. H. WEBB, Assistant Secretary. 30th April, 1879. a The statement was adopted. a ae W. G. Murray and Mr. James Manning were elected tineers for hag election of officers and members of Council for yea the © current a A ballot was ae taken, and the following gentlemen were duly lected offi cers and members of Council for the current year :— PRESIDENT ‘ (ex-officio) : HIS EXCELLENCY SIR HERCULES ROBINSON, G.C.M.G., &c., &e., C. VICE-PRESIDENTS: How. J. SMITH, C.M.G., M.D., &c., &C. CHARLES MOORE, F.LS. HONORARY TREASURER: H. C. RUSSELL, B.A., F.R.A.S., &¢. HONORARY SECRETARIES: PRoFEssor LIVERSIDGE, F.C.S., F.G.S., &¢., &. ~ADOLPH LEIBIUS. COUNCIL NTEFIORE, E. L. | ONO CHRISTOPHER, WEIGHT, H. G. A. MRCS. Fn Pinte Pye a5 i ge : FORA TO (2 ers OM ee ere or 7S Mey gene as BETS pa Pi eas: i CRACKNE DIRON. Wo ES: -iRsr’g. po? FOS FL. 126. PROCEEDINGS. Mr. W. MacDownent gave notice that he santa to propose at the next general meeting the following addition to By-law 4, after the aes enating “ ordinary saenabiee of poled ” to insert the foll Such list to a printed and distributed amongst the members weeks previous to the date fixed for the Annual General or for election to the Council, such propositions to be im writing, signed by the es and seconders, and to be forwarded to the Socie eeks before the Annual Meeting. The names of these Raistidatan, S Gieeher with the names of their proposers é a —s to be appended to the printed list issued by the _ It was announced that arrangements had been made for the various gr eag to hold meetings during the ensuing year, on the following date SECTIONS At 8 o'clock p.m., except Section D, which meets at 4 p.m May. June. July. Aug. ie Gok Nov. A—Astronomy, &e., Friday... 6 42 e “a ier act & Geology, Wednesday 14 11 9 18 ‘0 8 12 atural Hist. & Botany, Monday oe p-m.) 5 27 2598-2 E—Microscopy, Monday ..........:.0.6.++ 2 ou Nn 8 3 2 G—Literature & Fine rte Friday ...... 30 27 2 29 26 31 2 H—Medical, Friday 9 18/11 8 12 10 14 The names of the Committee-men of the different Sections of the Society were also announced, viz. : Astronomy. —Chairman : BH. oC. | Rosell, = Any F ee Secretary: G. D. Hirst. Com H. Wright, M. R.C.8S., W. J. ie oer F R.AS., ae G. Martin; J. Brooks, F.R.G.S. Chemistry and Geology.—Chairman : W. A. Dixon, F.C8., F.I.C.; Secretary: J. Warner McCutcheon. Com- mittee: R. Hunt, F.G.8. C. 8 Wil kinson, F.G.8. Natural History and Botany. aden R. D. Fite gerald, F.L.S. Secretary: A. J. Stops, ise of Herbarium, W. D. Armstrong. Committee: Messrs Daintrey and James Norton. Microscopy.—Chairman : Rev. George Martin. Secretary + P. Pedley. Committee: G. D. Hirst, W. MacDonnell, Morris, L.F.P., and 8. Glas, H. G. A. Wright, MRCS. ie eo ae PROCEEDINGS. ch va si gal and Fine Arts.—Chairman: E. L. Montefiore. — : Du a illiams. ommittee: E. ek fan re Hart, AW.S ackson, G. A. Morrell, me E. _ Medicai—Chairman: Dr. James Cox. Secretaries: Drs. ‘Sydney Jones and McLaurin. Committee : A. Roberts, . G. A. Wright, M.R.C.S., Drs. lyme: MB. & FERGS, and M. 8. Clune, M.A. Lic. Q. Coll. Phy. ‘The Hon. J. SmuitrH, C.M.G., Vice-President, then at his address, WEDNESDAY, 4 JUNE, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING. Hon. J. Surru, C.M.G., V.P., in the Chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and ¢ onfirmed. : on —. gentlemen were duly elected eedieaty members _ Amheim, E. H., junr., Royal Mint, meh Bond, Albert, Bell’s Chambers, Pitt-str Dowling, N eville, Wallace-street, pein eh Foreman, J oseph, M.R.G.S., L.R.C.P., Palin, Lithgow. i Gerard Francis, Occupation ‘of Lands Jefferis, Rev. James, LL.B., The Retreat, Newt own. Newm pon W., care of Messrs. David Jones & Co., George- eg A: D,, Adélo : ong. | rpeen Alfred F. H., 3 Cambridge Terrace. PC, George and Market Streets. . Walker, H. 0.) Australian General Assurance Co., 129 Pitt- street. The enna of five new candidates were read. Ttwas * wenbmanattd — to postpone the discussion until the Mt H.C. Roma wrch ave notice that he should at aan r si ei vet following alterations and additions to Bulee =: ‘and vel the aa hatin in Reale ie. CO words * shall be ex officio the President of a ne. be oo out, and the following words put in ; ex officio the Honorary President © of the Society’. 128 PROCEEDINGS. “That in Rule 3, after the words ‘shall consist of’ the following words, be inserted, viz. : ‘a President and’ “That in Rule 6 the words ‘one guinea’ be struck out and the following words inserted, viz. : ‘two guineas’ ; also that the words ‘ten pounds’ be struck out, and the words “twenty guineas” serted. “And that the question of raising the annual subscription be also considered.” 7 ; Mr H. C. Russext then read a paper on “The Gem Cluster in ” rgo. Professor LiversipGE then read a paper on “The International Geological Congress at Paris.” WEDNESDAY, 2 JULY, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING. The Hon. J. Surrn, C.M.G., V.P., in the Chair There were about fifty members present. The Minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The following gentlemen were duly elected ordinary members of the Society :— Rey. J. J. Garvey, Woollahra. Frederick H. Moore, Exchange Buildings. gald Thomson, 20, Charlotte Place, Sydney. F. A, A. Wilson, Alfred-street, St. Leonards. John Young, Town Hall, George-street. great work “Flora Australiensis,” The resolutions were duly carried. Sixty-seven donations were laid upon the table. ae Professor Liversipge read a letter received from Mr. Fra ui Crisp, LL.B., F-L.S., Secretary of the Royal Microscopical Society PROCEEDINGS. 129 of London, stating that their Society had recently determined ee rede = 4 eB o & Q or B Q 5 Pp 5 x] ag 5 Qu ct f=) et = @O & pak z ES “< ° Lac Z oO = . A. S. Wexster, Hon. Treasurer of the Clarke Memorial Fund, stated that 133 subscriptions had been received, amounting zB. S fa) z ag z S 2 OQ © 2. ao) =) i= ® RZ T]| ie") o a | ta) s nm a : = . ° =e & © r was £82 13s. 4d., leaving a balance of £277 17s. 2d., out of which the sum of £275 had been placed in the Oriental Bank as fixed deposit, at 6 per cent. The consideration of the disposal of this fund was postponed. Mr. os MacDonnell’s motion to amend Bye-law 4 was then wee es oa Amendments to the motion were read by the Chairman, Pro- fessor Liversidge, and Mr. J. Kinloch, the consideration of which, together with that of the Bye-laws generally, was referred to a + Committee composed of the Council, together with Messrs. W. McDonnell, J. Kinlock, and A. 8. Webster. WEDNESDAY, 6 AUGUST, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING. Hon. J. Surru, C.M.G., V.P., in the Chair. There were about thirty members present. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. tow following gentlemen were duly elected ordinary members of the Socie tee a William Barraclough, No. 2, Yurong-street. John Cameron, Bourke. J. 8. Chard, Stanmore Road. Wm. J. Walter N eill, City Bank. ; Dr. Maurice O’Connor, 80, William-street. Thos. F. G. Pockley, Commercial Bank, Goulburn. Th E. B. Woodhouse, Mount Gilead, Campbelltown. m,. (crtificates of six new candidates were read. ; of th PHAIRMAN stated that the Council recommended the election : ollowing gentlemen as honorary members of the Society :— Dr. Charles, F.R.S., MA, F.G.S., F.LS., ce. &e., i enham, Kent. uxley, Professor, F.R.S., LL.D., F.G.8., F.Z.8., F.LS8., &e., ke., Professor of Natural History in the Royal School of Ge Mines, South Kensington, London. “Wen, Professor, C.B., M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.BS., F.G.8., The V.P.Z.8., &e., &c., The British Museum, London, W.C. election was duly carried. # : , 130 PROCEEDINGS. The following letters were read :— Mr. H. C. Russell to Professor Liversidge. My dear Sir, Sydney wera 7 July, 1879. It will be within the recollevti tion of the members of the Council of the e Royal Society ‘that I ea walcicteaitl tly, and in _ | be — sales ne aay he office, consented to be nominated as Hon _ Nevertheless lg ete Society elected me, I was not insensible of the honor n conferred upon me, and consented to act, because I — ‘chough that all the members wished me to do so; and that by a is t rving t duties must be performed at se frequent sacrifice of personal convenience. Since then we have had several discussions upon the bye-laws, and pao these some of the members en made remarks about the Council tha msure. Persona. ave soe noe as I believe every other member of the old re, uncil has done, to carry out the rules and bye-laws, ti and sen Syed the good of the yore and I am not conscious as Bar ade t as a member o i al E E r=¥ Fs et 2 48 ® mR =. 3 2% +8 a 6 @ He + ° =, B ® 5 ce *é ry ua as 3 a Q ERs oO ee aE eae a 2 the Council, on I very much question the expediency of doing o, in the tone recently lapted b by some of the younger members of the lovamire and wl Sotto =e annot consent to hold an honorary office subject to such my beg therefore that _ bass eed be taken as the resi tion of my position as Honorary Tre rand e of the Counci eit eserve peer my sate as one of the trustees of the Society’s use. Believe me yours faithfully, : HC. RUSSELL. Professor Liversidge to H. C. a Esq., B.A., Government Astronomer. My dear Sir, Society’s House, Sydney, 31 J uly, 1879. Your. letter of the iar comes in which you rei ral the eee D. ouncil received your intimation with extreme regret, and are pe concerned that you should have had reason to withdraw from the man: ; of the Society, especially as it so mist ot Ale pre prospe: u ess of the Society is due to the const exertions w you, one of the oldest members of the Co , have ever e promote the ob and inte of the Society; and I ‘ca ed to beg that you dly reconsider the matter, ane ©) should you find it impossible to act as = hat you your seat on the Coun j With the cae respect, Iam, my dear Sir, Yours truly, Mr. H. C. Russell to Professor Liversidge. ee: My dear Sir, Sydney te gto 5 peice ag : Your letter of July 3lst, in which you kindly os the wish of the Council that I should retain a seat at the Council Board, J duly received. PROCEEDINGS. 131 “ae me while deepty sensible of the co ompliment paid to me by the Council, I must decline to acce ept a seat on re Council Board. My reason for doing 80 is similar to thet ge induced me to ys ot ay paar 5 the Counc ” ‘seit ae H. C. RUSSELL. elected ~The Chairman stated that some copies of the following publica- eh araiieble for distribution to public institutions upon — applicati Bewclian 1 Biase Annual, in 3 vols. The Argentine Republic. Portu ee stared ‘and Colonial Exhibitions at Phila- erp Forty-two Bowtions were laid upon the table. _ porewing letter from Baron von Mueller, K.C.M.G., was Baron von Mueller to Professor Liversidge. a work w Years genius of ‘he ein i George Bentham for and in witch, eck I had the honor to be his main collaborator. “ae all oo which eae been ‘so generously bestowed on the i mn Pes Se A ogee Ep a eae eS SE ZEE Bb 2 S,08 aa E gt @ ~ ct a 2 Fh et =. wa Bi ct =H = | a a 4 oD & pS apr — served all the Australian camer -— the substantial 2 ates Soe dbipeg ines fs tations raise one sop me health and strength to satisfy the great expec- : regard neg of my literary efforts, and the st be based. en shed also light on the sil a Main, an an “Alsighty will and power, ra one of the | With ban endo y aah Yale Trent mY expressions ova reverence to the Royal Society of New South | *emain also your regardfully attached,— FERD. v The ~ MUELLER. the The report of the Bye-law Committee was aa and laid upon et a ado adopti 132 PROCEEDINGS. It was resolved that the proposed alterations to the rules and bye-laws be printed and distributed to the members, and their further consideration be deferred. The Rev. W. Hey Su HARP, M.A., then read a paper on “The Water of siya Harbour. Professor LivERSIDGE in ithe absence of the mgd the Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., read a paper on “The Anatomy of Distichopora, a recent discovery in Natural Science.” WEDNESDAY, 3 SEPTEMBER, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING Hon. J. Smitru, C.M.G., V.-P., in the Chair. There were about fifty members present. The minutes of the last meeting were read and co onfirmed. The following gentlemen were duly elected ordinary members of the Society :— Joseph Campbell, St. Paul’s College, Darlington. Edward Lytton Hitchins, Florence, Victoria-street, Darling: h urst. drew Houison, 128, Phillip-street. James Inglis, Redmyre. James Monsell Spry, ve Club. F. R. Wilshire, Berri The certificates of six new pee were read. It was moved that the amendments proposed by the Byelaw Committee be now adopted, subject to such corrections as the Committee may think necessary. The motion was duly carried, are being only two dissentients. The CHAIRMAN announced that the Council had elected rr Robert Hunt, F.G.S., Deputy Master of the Mint, a member © the Council for the remainder of the year, to fill the ayer caused by the spon of Mr. H. G. A. Wright, MRCS, as Honorary Treasurer, vice Mr. Russell SRSEC Thirty-nine iantions were laid upon the th . Hector, C.M.G., F.R.S., then acer) a lecture on the " Geology of New Zealand.” “a Mr. W. A. = F.C.S., exhibited a substance called © i _ nine,” a very small particle of which when dropped into wa! produces a febaeable green fluorescence WEDNESDAY, 1 OCTOBER, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING. Hon. J. Surry, C.M.G., V.-P., in the Chair. _ There were about forty members present. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed . Wereexhibited by PROCEEDINGS. 133 The following gentlemen were duly elected ordinary members ety :— of the Society Thomas Brindley, Nepean Cottage, Bourke-street, Redfern. Wilfrid L. Docker, Craigstone, William-street South. R. G. Higgins, Clifford, Potts’s Point. John Trevor Jones, 356, Liverpool-street. i lle. the first of which was that a medal, to be called the Clarke Memorial Medal, should be awarded for meritorious contributions to the Geology, Mineralogy, or Natural History of Australasia, to be Open to men of science, whether resident in Australasia or elsewhere, The second was to establish a lecture, to be called the Clarke Memorial Lecture. He said the reason they had not moved in the matter before Was because the amount collected had not come up to their *xpectations, and since they found that they could not have the two, the opinion of the Council was to begin with the medal, Which he thought should be of gold in preference to bronze. : it was moved “ that the Council be authorized to procure a die » for the Clarke Memorial Medal, such medal to be of gold, and of the value of £10.” Uv. oe Henry advocated the substitution of a scholarship in the miversity for the medal, but the Chairman said that as the ropa already been fully discussed and negatived it was no a the subject. © resolution was duly carried. Phoressor Lrverstpce then read a paper by Hyde Clarke, cae, Vice-President of the Anthropological Institute, London, on 3 f Australia in their connection with those of , . ° ns Mozambique and of the South of Africa. photographs of the interior of the Canterbury Museum Dr. von Haast, and presented by him to theSociety. : tl Wirxixson, Government Geologist, exhibited some speci- a while th Serpentine rock containing gold, discovered at Gundagal, Reel : sta 134 PROCEEDINGS. top of a serpentine rock. He thought it was a discovery of ve great importance, because serpentine rock was found not only in dykes, but in mountain masses ; and there was no knowing to concluded that gold would be obtained, not only upon the surface of the rock, but running right through it. About 20 tons of this 30 feet shells and other deposits were passed through, and below this the petrified wood which was a river deposit was found. The iscovery was of very great practical importance, as it went to prove that portions at least of Sydney Harbour were once a valley ; and if Sydney Harbour was a sunken valley the Botany dams were the same, but had been filled up with sand. had no doubt that if they were to bore in the neighbourhood of New town and Botany they would strike a very good supply of water, which would be artesian. Dr. Von Haast said he never thought that the theory of Sydney Harbour was a sunken river valley was ever doubted ; it was proved unmistakeably to his mind, after inspecting the river terraces shown in Darling Harbour and elsewhere. He also considered . _ Professor Liversipce said the form of this gold closely "he eit a that presented by gold from certain parts of Hungary. 1n¢ ™ : was not exactly that known as serpentine but marmolite, parce : : ; ewha sandstone, and above that there was in some instan “re which was strongly marked by false bedding. Both t ov bedded sandstone and the shale weather more quick quickly than - compact sandstone ; they recede and finally leave a shelf some _ What but very distantly resembling a river t . Fens a ote i pW x egal Rig e i eae eA SS a et Renee ee ae RR Se ee eee PROCEEDINGS. ; 135 Mr. Witkinson also thought that the geological formations of 1879, at 8 p.m. __ The guests, who were received in the Great Hall by ad Vice- _ Presidents and Members of the Coun cil, amounted in n r close upon 900, the attendance being sonsidde te seentr “than on any previous occasion _ Amongst the visitors were the members of the various Foreign and Colonial Commissions to the Sydney International Exhibi- - ren e a others who had been attracted to Sydney by the “the Thil and its approaches were tastefully decorated with _ palms, ferns, and ares pei by Mr. C. Moore, F.L.S., Director of the Botanic Gar _ The general Ssmerathee were under the direction of a Com- posed of Professor Liversidge, Messrs. C. eat, H. eu, Hi fio bited by Mr. H. ©. auell Government ppomanay : of thermom eters, made by aes, of London, in | The Uni hres exhibited Cailletet’s apparatus for the lique- faction of “ay alled permanent gases; the action of the in- a shown wer time to time during | the evening by tbat and etnes « and used for abe purposes. 136 PROCEEDINGS. PROFESSOR oo exhibited a series of about 200 old and modern books relating to Australia and New Zealand. sane contributed a very large and interesting collection of electrical apparatus at work. Names or Exurpirors at CONVERSAZIONE, 1879. Dr. Belgrave, Professor Liversidge, Mr. M. A. Black, Mr G. A. Lloyd, » H.J. Bolding, ;, W. MacDonnell, » G. Butterfield, W. J. Ma eDonnell 7 ar Ss. »» Joseph Campbell, Rev. Peter rat igen: as rs eae Mr. G. E. Dr. Clu Robert Mackiave, Mr. George wo oto Rev. George Martin, “ nell, Messrs: Mayer & Metzler, A > v. bet learn, Dr. F. Milford, ae tiga Mr. EK. L. Meatatiors 5, James las, M.R.C.S., vf Messrs. Haveli Brothers & Roberts, Dr. Morri Mr, ges The wisieteae ~e be Museum. Pr nH oe Mr. es a ca C. ee Gabriel, Dr. Pate » W.R. George, Mr. Pereeval a ae > H. A. Gilliat, ie Bae Bee 1 MRCS, » 1. Richards, Govt. Printer, P. KE. Reyn ia » 2 1. Hall, Eoyal eet N.S.W. », L. Hargrave, C. Russell, B.A., F.R.A.S., » L art, nry Sharp, Dr. Hector, CM. G., F-B:S., Rev. WH Hey Sharp, Mr. Thomas Hewett, Mr. J. T. Toohey, » G.D. r. Tucker, NP pagts Jef effcris, LL.B., Mr. H. O. bite cm Mr. ing, University of Sydney. » F. B. Kyngdon, xd WEDNESDAY, 5 NOVEMBER, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING. Hon. J. Surru, C.M.G., V.-P., in the Chair. There were about fifty members prese The minutes of the last meeting were Teas and confirmed. The following gentlemen were duly elected ordinary members of the Societ ety :— Fred. J. Armstrong, Winthrop, Nelson-street, Woollahra Senos) Davenport, Executive Commissioner to the Sydney International Exhibition, Adelaide, South Australia. James W.J sr Brooksby, Double Bay. Edward Fisher Pittman, LS., eee of Mines. | aay aac South Kin, Tarrant, M.R.C.S., Elizabeth ae Lamb Taylor, M.R.O. 8., 14, Cologstrect Lewis Whiteld, B.A., Grammar Schoo -Eighty-three donations were laid upon the table. An enlarged photograph of the Berd Rey. W. B. Clarke was pre- _ Sented to the Society by Mr. _ __A paper illustrated by the saa eoge lantern was read by S: Ih, LW. H rt, on “Photography in its relation to popular a Bho _ _ The leaf of a fossil eee plant (Ottelia erie | obtained by - F. Griffin, from Parramatta, was exhibited by Professor idge, who seal: a arsine of the same by Baron von . “Mets KCM.G., ERS, &e., &e. WEDNESDAY, 3 DECEMBER, 1879. ORDINARY MONTHLY MEETING. i. Hon. J. Surrn, C.M.G., V.-P., in the Chair. There were between forty and fifty members present. po The Minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Robert Ethe eridge, jun., Esq., F.G.S., was elected a corre- so member of the Society. rhe certific of five new cei were read for the second - tine and of ag for the first tim a | The Cuare RMAN stated that ay esis il had re-considered the : aad of the Clarke Memorial Medal, and recommended that it a mor Teave m ‘the memo Ge ie rr ae by Mr. R. Hunt that so much of the reso- oy roved at the previous neg as provided that the medal The resolution was fag pane ae nd’ & A. A. Morehead and A. S. Webster were oe Meeting. of the accounts to be laid before the Society at the ann “orty-four donations were laid upon the table. M 138 PROCEEDINGS. The following letter from George Bentham, C.M.G., F.R.S., was read :— 25, Wilton Place, London, S. W. 3 October, “187 9. hnite me that I have been elected an honorary member of the Royal i he I remain, my dear sir, ours, very sincere To Prof. Liversidge. GEORGE SAME In the absence of Mr. H. S. Hawkins, M.A., Prof. Liversipes atid some extracts from a paper on “ A Catalogue of Latitude 7a C. 8S. Winkrnson re a résumé of his paper on “Some remarkable Boulders in the Hawkesbury Beds.” r was also read by Mr. H. ©. Russett, B.A., F.R.AS., entitled, “ Remarks upon the Wentworth Hurricane in January. 7 139 ADDITIONS TO THE ot umrary OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. DONATIONS—1879. (The names of the Donors are in Italics.) singrapeae tian smn a &e. Transactions and Report of the Philosophical e Society of aces uk jeer tise for 1877-78. versary Address of the President, Prof. Ralph Tate, F. yn? ~The Adelaide University Calendar for 1879. ae = 880. The Registrar. a and Condition of the Botanic Garden and "Goverment Piaataties: Adelaide, during the year Schomburgk. 7, cal Observations made at the Adelaide Observatory, ser — iy , August, September, October, November, an we Decem 1878. e Gov bop ces Australian Institute Annual Report, 1878-9. The Inst astitute. dari Verslagen en Mededeelingen der K. Akademi schappen Afd. Natuurkunde Tweede Reeks Deel, TXT eieety The Royal Acade my of Sciences, A Amsterdam. Tend aad of the Auckland Institute for 1878-79. : The Institute. *~Monatsbericht der Koeniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen- — zu Berlin. Jan uary, February, March, digg 9 © hese Boxy ~Verhan erhandlun ted des a Vereines der Preussischen Ebtinlende :, estfa _ Drsiunesigsten Jahrnng Vierte oe : esti 1 Hilfte. - Vierunddreissi issigster | Flimfunddreissigster 5 ” ” a Society. ~<'—Bulletins de l’ Académie Royale de Belgique. 2nd ser., Tome XLI, XLIL 1876. ” ren i, x aad “wenn os t.-physik. Classe der Konigl Sorerautel Wissenschaften. Band X bth. I. Ueber he “Chemische Byathess: by Dr. Adolf Bayer. he emy. NEUCHATEL : Sn hger tin de - — des Sciences Naturelles de “xsi f Tome XI, Deuxitm restos Nawossrng-vrox-t YNE a ecoiat Wading end Inaugural aes of the Chemical Society, Newcastle- -upon-Tyne. pepe of General Mee ng. _ : Oct. 24, Nov. 28, and Dee. 19, 1878. The Society. Feb. os — Mar. 27, 1879. Oxrorp: + Catalogu f Books added to the Radcliffe Library, Oxford University ahasee um, during ye ge e Trustees. Panis: PRE, des ee des Cdtes de France for the year seh Py _ Mémoire sur les Marées de os i Cochinchine, par M. G. Héran — Maps of New Caledon i ecteur Général du Dép S ds Cartes et Plans de la Marine. Pb Pritie e la Société Polytechnique, année 1877, en be huitiém Journal de Ecole Polytechnique, Tome XXVIII. ae -lytecknigue. eo ny H, Nos. Journal of the Franklin Institute. 0. os. 637, 638, 639, rage 641, 642. ee Vv s. 643, 644, 645, 646 The Insti — Seventh ved ‘Report of the Bar “of Directors of the mei Society o of Philadelph The Socsely: Proceedings of the Aca sie of Natural Sciences, Philedelphs- cademy- Parts I, II, II. eA cana di Scienze Naturali, Processi Verbali, 10 ke 1879. . :—Societa T oe = January, 9 — 11 May, 6 July, 1 ae ent De >—Ann ong ad ort and oe bo the Plymouth Inst oe si ‘and Cornwall Natural care la ety. snstitution-— ol. VI, Part I. Vol., VII, Part I The Bs ye crt ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. Pers Soap og and 1878. Abbandlun: . Hist. Philol. und dee Mathemat Naturw. Folge VE a _Tahrebercht, 1877 and 1878. ; | -Repert ori Die Kénigl ee Gesellschaft der esas odie in Bh ge :—R. Comitato Geologico d’Italia Bollettmo “ILE 1, 1878 ; LED BE 4 5E 6,7 E 8,9 £10. he Society. pent della R. Accademiadei Lincei. | Vol. III. Fas. 1, 2,3, 4, 5,6, b The ‘dcadem. RT oe onlernace Jahrbiicher fiir seg und Tandon, See citsrogrben von dem K. Statis <— “Topog Bur Jahrgang 1879 re Band. la 2 Halfte ” 1878. Heft. I, IV, and V ‘ The Bur Sypwry : :—Report from the Trustees of the spay gg Ses Library for —— *1878. pal. Libreria Results of at Observations made in New Print Wales during 1978, F.R y H. C. Russell, B.A., e Government A Astronomer. ales "The ‘The Een, . the Linnean eng of New South W 1. TIT GEV Ee Bix IV. a ” - «4 Bey ym shed Australian Orchids. Parts 1, 2,3 and 4, by R. ae Biter F.L overnment be Report of the Council of sg ie for 1 ty e Pr waa tf the Couneil of Education. Vol TV. Not della teaig peor di Scienze Naturali in Trieste— Truro :— © Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Bedi! ep of Gre : Vol in Treland— The Society an hak :—Sitzungsberichte der K. K. Akademie der r+ Wissense A : ig 1877, aap Band I. Authlog a III, iY, vy, He ’ II. Bandy a ” oe 45 A Il, I, 1V,V, » » 1878, ac yy sf I, U1, II, IV, ” » ma II a ge ay, ” Jabrbiicher der K. K. Central—Anstalt far Meteorologie und Ext ‘ magnetismus. Jahrgang, 1876. N. ¥. Band XI The Instituti _— Reitschritt der “De seeeig nae Gesellschaft fiir Meteorologie. Band XII 4, 25, 26, 27, and Index. iy » XIV. Hele. nuary, February, March, a ano 1870 duly, August, ae October, November, oa Tahrbuch der K. K. Geolo yore a XXVIII. Nos. 3 and 4 ina: Sociol Nos, 14, 17, 18, 1878. : » 1,2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8, 9, 1879. The Sogely yee at Se Oh pa Bet Uae rh AS ore A ee NE inch) Vu OP wks 1h eg oo at bale ay Oe alte een Sic i ed et ably B'S \ Be eR Peal ; ee, a i Sur —+146 ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. ViENnA—continued. Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch botan. Gesellschaft in Wien. Band XXVIII. January, 1878. ciety. WASHINGTON ce: aa ommodities entered for consumption in the Annual apes. Par ie Chih $ she oni of Stats, Treasury Department. Annual wipes t of the Commissioner Indian Affairs for the years 1872, ’73, "% "B, 46,77, 78. Commissioner of Ind ian Affairs, ensayo se the Interior, Annual Report of the Commissioner of a e, November, 1878. mmission ay apn iculture. Hydrographic pie No. 6, with Map - North sige os Riberia List of reported me vs in the South Pacific Oce List of Sikes 6 f North and South America (East a West Coasts), corrected to May 15th, 1 List of Lights of Sone ve Tast Coasts of Africa and the East Indies, conga Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, corrected to July 10th, 1 Coasts ay Telands of the Mediterranean Sea. List of a of the West — of Africa Se pe anal Sea, Oe ee 4 Fg Tal a es gis ea corrected to 8th August, : Catalogue of Graces Plans, Sed Views, published by U.S. Hydrographic uly, 18° 9. List of Lights of the Atlantic Coasts of Europe, &e., &c.; corrected to 20th September, 1879. " Hydro rographie Office, Bureau oe —, ; Astronomica] and oo Observations, during year 1875, at U.S. Naval Observ: The canines Naa 0 Observatory “f On the use of the Barometer on Surveys and Ree ces. x Reclamation of the Alluvial Basin of the Mistinsignel cost ives: Reports imens obtained from borings. oo Ch Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army. U.S. Coast rie The oad Geodetic Survey Office, Treasury Department. History of the War of the Rebellion. ) ‘olume. ryote First and eat Medical V sho d Appendix. Part alee of the United States Army Meateal awe: Surgical, M and Mi pical. urg) War Departsnent, a co ‘Office. ircular, Nos. 2, 3, 8, 9, and Bg. aes Cental U.S. Army: ual Report of the Director of the M For the Fiscal year ended 30th Jone. 1878. ” 2 1 oS ctor of the Mint. é United States Arm agon, Harness, Horse, and Mule, , 1877. Hints on Meise aes ese John Kiernan. Outline a of United States Military Posts and Stations 1 the year 1 Stoves and eke or Army use re a Meteorological Report of the Chief "Signal Officer, War Department | WEtirxerox :—Thirteenth and Fourteenth Annual Reports of the Ce Museum borato: vee The Director, Colonial Museu ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 147 _ Second Re m the Thames Gold Fields 2 sadn ~ smog Geological senibey of New Zealand, during 1868-9, ial Museum and Labora y Reports, 1 Geological Report on Lower Wakato District, by Captain F. W. Hutton, Report on Control and prtap wpa of Mines, New Ze — Tenth Annual Report of the e Garden Board, 1878. 8-79. Reports of Geological Ex sploration of New Zealand duri ring 1878-79, with Maps and Sectio The Director, Colonial Museum. Geological Su rvey of New Ze ahi Reports of Gecloyical 1 Explorations during 1877-8. Meteorologi: 5 1877. he Director of the Geological Survey de New Zealand. eae ond and Procredingy of the New Zealand Institu °. 1878. pea TV. ¥ Eleventh onde Report of the New Zealand Institute, a5 a G@ :—Jahreshefte des Vereins fiir Vaterlindische Natarkande in Wirtianbery, 1879. The Society, MISCELLANEOUS. mes of Donors in Italics.) od. The Haare d End. The Author. ms Van den. Tistecotiie pour la Récolte om Foraminiféres Prof. Li — Songs written for the Excursionists’ Annual ee Club. F. Crisp, B.A. oo G.: Lectures on Sscapatelive Anatomy. Vols. land tet hes Dun Eeht Observatory Publicatio Vol. I. A Summar yO Todas of Measurements of ce n Stars. : z lg Il. Mauritins Expedition, . 1874. Division I. Lord. i Lindeay. i in Planta” Crops, and Diseases in Wheat. in The Author. 8 ade : Railway Route from the Mississippi River to acific owed ‘By 8. Thoms as Walker, Esq., Yaralla, Concord. Von, FR. y of ase P rovinces of pretivhiet ri Westland, New —— “ Pd “ay ne vee de Author Pro rH estru ines oF pone nhe Insect he Author, pte “University, Mass. Dr. CM.G.,F.R.S. Handbook of New Zealand. The Author. oo: Aencidea or Gorse Exegetical, and Aesthetical Remar! “the Aeneis. Vol. I, 3 3 parts TT. 2 hevte. irae need the Carved House, Matat Dr. Hect ye _ > PRS # James: Sport und ‘Work on the 1 Nepeil Frontier by hor. Robert Stevenson, C.E. Ada whee < Council pai No ovem and Fellows of the Royal Society to oe aged Thee. © of American History. Vol. III, No. I. Jan., 1879. J. A N.PRAS,, F. MS.: The Finland Motcorloga a Wibech *® Report. ” 1874-5, 1876-7. wen OP 148 ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. Mitchell, Sir Thomas: Map of Port Jackson. James Norton, M.L.C. Miller, Ferd. von, K.C.M.G. : Observations on ae Vegetable Fossils of the Auriferous Drifts. The Native Plants o A Descriptive Atlas of the Bvcalypts ‘of Australia and the adjoining F * sa lh gat cade. The Author. ee on enh? Ait and Scientific "Book ‘picid William Wesley. : ‘Owen, Professor, C. 3, F.RS., F.L.S. : On Hypsiprymnodon sage - a uthor. “ Orpen, J. M., M.L.A. (Cape fom Our Relations with the Imperial Government 2 and Confederatio . Foster & Co. Ralph, T R.C.8.: Notes of a recent case of Soft Cancer ws si iver ¥ co-existent a rth Hyda tid. aaa Report upon n, Tasm: x Sydney Morning Herald, from Ist J eather: "187 7, to 81st J wy, 1679 ot - Jam s Norton LC. he Tate, na heey Ralph, F.G:S. : ey Zoo oy et’ Palwontologica Miscellanea, chiefly relating to South : resin e Great he Author. The ‘Natura —_— of the Country around the Head % th Ge The Avstrelian: Yel | I. Nos. 4 5, 6. Ae, ‘ ans «Pas 1,2, 3, 4, 6. fe ‘ ” ” ~ Re eC 2,3 x stmas Supplement. The Chinese Question in Azutalin 1878-79. The Princeton on ay, a Ae Third Annual Que tt Dinner, a end Account of Origin and pruten of the : Quekett wanted cal Clu ta _. . Thompson, D’Arcy W.: On some New and Rare Hydroid Zoophites feo 4 : Australia and New Zealand. 4 plates. The Author. Thomson, James: The Seasons. tg Thomson. da: , FR R.C.S., F.L.S.: On Phthisis and ceed he “ E. Cyril Haviland. ac i alliere. Waiver et Springs, near Auckland, N.Z. "i Wat as rs, Arthur W., F.L.S.,F.G.8. On the Bryozoa (Paty t ti: Boy . Naples tehead, Ja ames, M.D.: Notes on the Rate of Mortality in sn Mah in 4 d illiams, Rev. James: The Manual of Alethography wing an Improve’ x Sytem of Short-hend. : Prof. Liversidge- 4 Dowations To THE Socrery’s Cabinets, 1879. coe ts of bone Iw etstone, 1 hatchet, 3 fragments of hatchets, and 3 Se Mathew ane _ An eee - tat ame Photograph of the late Rev. W. B. clarke ‘Mr. Freeman. ‘ } ~ — ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. 149 PERIODICALS PURCHASED IN 1879 American Journal of Science and Art (Silliman). Annales sd Chimie et Physique. ines. hitals t Natural History. ~ Art okay . Athen: ‘ Gtanical al J rnal (Trimen). Bulletin de Ta Société Gaclogiane de France. mical News. eg ndus s Botanical Ma Dingle s Priya Journal. Enginee oy English ML Fresenius’ Feitechitt fiir Analytische Chemie. eS, ogical Magazine. Geolo Journal of the “Chemical Society. ” » athe Ge a Society. REL »» Society o Lancet. L’Art. 5 Nate Journal. 5 Note erie al Ma, agasin Pop eo. pe Proceedings of the Geological Asso yy Journal of the soles Society ” TOSCOpIc: Relies (Crookes eee NOR ge tN pe en ee ae - N S, S “sesh Handbook, 1 ee me s How to work with a eee Encyclopaedia Britanni Vols. 9 and 10. on a ier eaneee tn 1879. o Birds of New Zealand. 2 vols. earlier ital Extin W i rerms. auchnit: hd C Wagner’ oda Dictionary of r Technischen Ch Chemie, 1878 ~ 150 EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS MADE BY THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. * Exchanges of Publications 1 b ived fi the Societies and Institutions distinguished by an asterisk. Ty the following List the Publications are indicated by numerals as follow No. Aen of the — feed nal _ South Wales, 1878. > 2—Report of the Council of Education of New South Wales 1878. » 3.— hepars of the Mining elec tnaas of New South Wales, 1877. AMERICA Nee ae Albany.—New York State Library, Al Nos. Annapolis (M. M.D.)—Naval Academy. = 1. Baltimore.—Johns sere University. Nos. : 2. Boston.—* American Acad of Science. No. » *Boston ie ar atural Hi istory. No. Buffalo.—* Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Cambridge.— Blea Museum of Comparative ee Harvard College. : Chicago,—Academy " Sciences. No. 1 Coldwater.— Michigan Library incialiass » 1. Davenport (Iowa).—*Academy of Natural Sciences. No. 1. Hoboken (N.J. sas Stevens’ Institute of Technology. No. 1. Minneopolis, ety. No. nce gen Society of ex York. No. 1. ”» Lyceum of gee al History. No. 1. one School of Mines, Columbia College. No. 1. Penikese eee are School of ageeal ork No. 1. Philadelphia —*Academy of Natural Sci ean Entomological | So “er Bes oN 1 i Namen Botnet gage err No. 1. *Franklin Insti ” - *Zoological Society ‘of Philadelphia. No. l. Salem (Mae. = Peabody Academy of — No. 1 ex Institution. Nos. 1, 2. i hela —* Academy of Sciences. No. 1. ix i = eR ae ae tl ¥* NESE ee eee ate eet ae ee ee # a a) Seve ae oe a is EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS. 151 or nas ence for Agriculture. o ee V. Hayden, Goslogical sae of Territories. 142 ” *Hydrographi c Office. Nos. 1, 2. » ;Smithsonian Bc rag Nos. 1, 2. 2 ar Depa: pe: ” “Chet Signal ¢ Officer (W: Tar Departme ent). No. 1 aa ” Ss aa of the Mint (Treasury Department). ‘Nos je Pe » The Secretary (Treasury Department). Nos. 1, 2. ” *The enitberg (N partment). No. lL. ” *U. S. A. Coast Survey (Navy Department). No. 1. » “Bureau of Navigation (Navy De ent). No. 1. ss *The Secretary gr mene of the Interior). Nos. 1, 2. ” *U. S. National Museum (Department of the Interior). Nos ” “Bureau of Education (Department of the Interior). Nos. ey ” +0ffies of Indian Affaire (Department of the Interior). No. 1. ” rhage General (U.S. Army). Nos. 1, 3. ” *Chief of Engineers (U.S. Army). Nos. 1, 3. ‘ . a Pragne,— —*Kéniglich béhmische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Nos. 1,2. Trieste.—*Societe Adriatica di Scienze Naturale. Nos. 1, 2, 3. lt. No. “e » *Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nos. 1,2. _ ” Zologoc Bot a = mag ol Nos. 1, 3. BELGIUM. “as »—* Académie yes des Sciences des ete, et des Beaux Arts. Nos ee des ae — _ » "Société Geologique de setae: No. 1 - ourg.—*Institut royal grand-ducal de Laxeeibourg, Nos. 1, 2. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE COLONIES. ENGLAND. Sambridge, —The Linenad naam 7 iety. Nos. 1 The Public oe sieery Nos. 1, 5 3. poy The Union Society. Nos. —.” The Tubrevelty Library. Nos 1 1, 2, 3 : os Pulley —Dudley mp Midland Geological aid Scientific Society. . Leeds» ionic Society. = Lt: * ” The Co ‘Ss a Journal “or hea , chology (0%8 (Office st. ‘Ann-street). Nos. 1, 3. , Miers: ee Philosophical Society. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 152 EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS. econ ot Cassell’s Encyclopedia. Nos. 1, 2, 3. Editor, English Encyclopedia. Nos. 1, "2, 3. Editor, Popular Science eect. Nos. - 2, 3. cal Club. Nos es *The ‘os. e The arate me (two c opies).. ‘Nos wh nS *The pological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. d on ey The J ritish ‘Association. Nos < The British Museum (two prt 5 1,2). ey he ( “seen Society. os. 1, i he Entomological Library. Nos. 1, 3. a he logical Society. o. a he Geological y of Gr eat Britain. oem I, 3. oe he Museum of Sao Geology. ae i *The Institution of Engineers. aoe by *The Institution of Newal Ae a" Noe, £3 3. re *The Linnean Society 3. ve The London Institution Not L ge 3. ¥ *Th orological oe a » ~The Meteorological Socie ety. Nos 3» *The Physical Society, South Hoeiecs Mie gies Nos. 1, 3. ay a The Queen’s Libr indsor. Nos y = *The Royal Asiatic Society of oF Britain roland Nos. 1,3. a *The Ro \stronomical Society. os at *The Roy: olonial Ins stute. ' 43 *The yal College of Physi Ss ok a es a The Royal College of Surgeons. Nos. 1, 3 ) as *The Royal Geographical Society. Nos. I, 3. is *The is al Society. 8.1, 2,8 55 *The Ro nstitution of Great Britain. No. 1 aa *The Ro icroscopical Society. Nos. 1, 3 oy The Royal School of eo *The Royal Society 99 The Roya Bociaty of Literetare: Nos. 1, 3. $3 The Society o Sere Nos Ne ’ The Treasury Li rary. Nos. 1, 3. 5 *The be Gatted Service all, Aa Nos. 1, 3. ” War ce. N oy 2 e Zoological Society. Nos. 1, 3 ey *Lord Lindsay’s Observatory. , . % The Library, Kensington m. Nos. 1,3 *Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Nos. 1, 3. Manchester.—Literary and Philosophical Society. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 3 The Owen’s College. Nos. 1, 2, » *The Geological Society. No. 1. Middleshoro’.—*Iron and Steel Institute. No. 1 “cet tate eager oneal & Society os Northumberlan and Dur ” The prone hove o Chemical Soci e ; bse » North “a Enelant Taetients of Mining Engineers -- Oxford.—*The Ashmolean Tibrscy. Nos I 2, 3. he *The eian Library. Bodlei *The Radcliffe Library. Was oy 3 3. The Radcliffe oe "Nos. i a * ” The The Uni Pin Se Society, _ » *Royal Irish Academy. ae 1; oe iety. LAND. “Minti Society of Great Britain and Srelacd. ee 1, 3. —*Messrs. Leach and Son. Nos. 1, aia —The Me a is “Gen ological Soe ”» *Royal Physical Kirt Nos 1, 3. CAPE OF Goop Hope. — Sais Society. Nos. 1, 2. & Dominion OF CANAD. ological M MAURITIUS. Louis.—The e Royal Society of Arts “Aa Sciences. Société d’Acclimatation. No. Hamilton (Canada pans: aes vata Nos. 1, 2. Monty POM Geological Survey of Canada. No. ee ral History Gociety of Montreal. No. 1. vi Asadeny of Natural Sciences. No. 1. Toronto.— “Canadian Institute. Nos. 1, 2. InpD en Asiatic sie rel of Bengal Nos. 1, 2, 3. sede The Ge eum. ” *The Geological Bureey of India. Nos. 1, 3. New SoutH WALES. .—The Australian Club. No. 1. The Australian Museum. aed ree Public Library. a Linnean Society of N. = Wi g ) No. 1 "The Observatory. The School 6 fs The t Union ee g ie oe vi nivers: “sa seed deg toil y Te As i "No. L see elias ‘Morning Herald. No. ‘- Editor, £ N 154 EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS. New ZEALAND. Auckland.—* Auckland Institute. Nos. 1, 2. Christchurch.—Philosophical Society of Canterbury. Nos. 1, 2. Otago.—Otayo Institute. ee site ayn Society. Nos. 1, 2. ce sont ihe aoe 4s = 33 (torsurden ba ies ne ‘the Willeigéos “Museum. ) QUEENSLAND. oa *The Philosophical Society. Nos. 1 *The Acclimatization Society. Nos. i ‘3. Soutn sagonseoen Allelaide. othe Observ Nos Saeed Antti i Nos. 1, 2. » aa Univ ”? he Govern y Adelaide Philosophical asic. is. "A. Institute). ANIA TASMANIA. Hobart Town.—*The Royal Society of Tasmania. Nos. 1, 2. VICTORIA. Melbourne.—*The Government Statist. Nos. 1, 2. 5 ; *The Observatory. ‘iy *The Mining Depart ment. "No 1 55 The Public Library. Nos. 1, 2 > *The Royal Society of Victoria. No. 1 = *The Universi Nos. J = The Eclectic ic Association, Nos. 1, 2, 3. ” — a ie Ay 5: ys *The he egiat 2, 3. (F fesuordat as ener of ie “publig Library). Bordeaux.— Academie des Sciences. Nos. 1, 2 Caen.—Académie des Sciences. Nos. 1, 3. Dijon.—* Académie des Sciences. Nos. 1, 3. Lille.—*Société Geologique du Nord. No. 1. Montpellier.—* Académie des Sciences et Lettres. “sega rena des Sciences de V'Institut. Nos. 1, 3. i s. 1, 2, 3. : 6 *Depot des Cartes et Pian de la Marine. Nos. 1, 2, 3- é 7. Ecole des Mines. »: Ecole Normale euapecionre Nos. 1, 3. > 4, * *Ecole tg dor ies ue. Nos. 1 3 ergy Faculté d icine. Nos. 1 Diente Ge ‘Saheanes de la wha ona Nos. 1, 2, 3. ” Jardin lantes. i, 3. Les Mondes. Nos. 1, Nos. i. 2, 3. EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS. 155 3 -Paris.—Muséum Histoire a neoati Nos. . he ; a Royal Académie des Scienc Nos. 1, a Société Botanique. Nos » Revue des | Cours Solontgigeieh "Nos. 1, 2, 8. Société ” S ete ¢ Anatomie. No ; 39 c1ét sae logie. Nos a; 3 a Société de Bi a Nos , ; Société de Chirurgi Nos » Société d Encouragement pout Pindustrie Nationale. Nos. 1, 2, 3. ea Société de Géogr; » Société Batomologique No os. ‘~ 3. ” c1é éolo i No. *Société » oes [eteorologique de France Nos. 1, 3. ps ct 2. Etienne.—Socicté de l’Industrie Universale. Nos. 1, 3. Toulouse.— Académie des Sciences. Nos. 1, 3 a eee Berlin. —Chemische Gesellschaft. © No. — gli che —— der = sl Nos. 1, 2. —N scher Verein on. Pama Rheinlande und West- oes in Bonn. Nos es wc. reer Ve zu Carlsruhe. No. 1. - Cassel.—Verein fiir Naturkunde. Nos. Chemnitz.— —*Naturwissenschaftliche eee zu Chemnitz. Nos. 1, 3. ‘Dresden, — Ster® csten, No Bureau des Ministeriums des Innern zu os. 99 Die Africanische Ge sells chaft. Nos. 2 “earn Directo on der Kéniglichen Sninange fir Kunst zu Dresden. Nos. Sie Kiniplich Catlacmeine & Museum. N Etat a/ a pega eo Soo e Naturforchende Gesellschaft in ; rt a/ Maine. No. ? g (Saxon, = Nes or ademie zu a Nos. J Nat Natuttorechonte Gesellschaft zu tied “No. r . Bg ue a Gesellschaft der Wissenchaften in Gottingen. a rl tz.—* “aS Gaeeeap Gesellschaft in Gérlitz. Nos. e Halle a/ S.—*Die Kaiserlich ee linis orig PRC TE Devas Akade- : Hamt orscher aes by Die Son Gesellschaft i in ee Nos. 1, ie Now 1, & Heidelberg._+ “Natit Medicinische Gesellschaft zm Heidelberg. a — Medicinisch Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Nos. 1, 3. -—*Die Physikalisch-ikonomische Gesellschaft. Nos. 1, 3. ere Mets ryay? ).—University Library. Nos. 1, 2. fiir Erdkunde zu Metz. No. 1. ; eave ‘Société Hollandaise des Sciences. 156 EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS. Marburg.—*Gesellschaft zur eee Be ae Ne wemenes Naturwissen- schaften i ie Nos “The Univers No. Mulhouse. —*Industrial Sy a oe Akademie der (ai in Miinchen. Nos. Sutigart "Kinch Statistich-Topographisches Bureau zu Stuttgart. 2, 3. Wurttemberg.— ba Verein. ie Vaterlindische Naturkunde in Wiirttem- Nos HUNGARY. Bistritz(in Siebenbuergen),—Divection der Gewerbeschule. Nos. 1,2, 3. ITALY. er Gr delle re dell’ Instituto. Nos. 1,2,3, and back nos. Nos ae =a di sak Rea Nos. 1, 3. Milan. sqpedtgiae Sgro di Scienze Lettere ed Arti. Nos. 1, 3, * Societé Featiacia di! Seicties Naturali. No. 1. Modena.—* Académie ae des Sciences Lettres ef Arts de Modene. Nos. I, 3. suet fon Accademia delle Sea — 1, 2, 3. gical Station (Dr. Dohrn), Nos. Palermo. Assan Palermitana di ne Ltrs oe rage Reale Instituto Technico. Nos Tiss *Societa Toscana di Scienza einarale: pon ee z Fé Rome.—Accademia Pontificia dé "Nuovi gg ae Nos. 1, 3, a back nos. a | Nos. 1, 3. e cademia die Lincei. Nos. 1, 2, » *R, Comitate: ‘Genlogice Italiano. No. 1. Siena.—R. Accademia de Fisiocritici. Nos. 1, 3. ee — delle Scienza. Nos. 1, 3. Regio o della Regio Universita. Nos yo Vonive: Sate ec nee di Scienze Lettere ed Arti. st 1, 2, 3. JAPAN. Yokohama.—"* Asiatic Society. Nos. 1, 2. NETHERLANDS. Amsterdam.—* Academie Royale des Sciences. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 2 4, Or 1, 3. > Nos. *La Bibliothéque du Musée iii Nos. NORWAY. Christiania.—*Kongelige Norske Fredericks Universitet. Nos. 1% oi EXCHANGES AND PRESENTATIONS. RUSSIA. —la Société Imperiale des Satictalintet: Nos. 1, 2. . —L’Académie Imperiale des Sciences. Nos. 1, 2, 3. SWEDEN. —*Kongliga Svenska rk Nos. 1, 2, 3. The University. Nos SWITZERLAND. Shon ‘Gensva,—Insitat National Genevoie. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 42s e.—* Société Vaudoise des Sciences ititetien Nos. 1, 2, 3. : Neuchatel,—*Societe des Sciences Naturelles. Nos. 1, 2, 3. Number of Publications sent to Great Britain 163 pp Colonies (including India) bs bid ” 99] 99 ” nest lee fechiond wee — ” ae Editors of Periodicals ... 7 O97 ”> Asia (Japan) wee oe oon ae ; A. LIVERSIDGE, ‘A. LEIBIUS, 2 Hon. Secretaries. RIS FROM THE SECTIONS 161 REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. xe (IN ABSTRACT.) SECTION A.—ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS. 4 APRIL, 1879. Mr. H. ©. Russetn, F.R.A.S., in the Chair. Tae following officers were elected :—Chairman: Mr. H. C. Russert, F.R.A.S. Secretary: Mr. G. D. Hirst. Committee : Me HL GA We Mr. W. J. MacDonnett, Mr. J. Brooxs, oS Chairman exhibited a photogr raph of a driving-clock wail role = four eeilians attached to a chronograph at the o MAY d : Mr. H. C. Pim Beery, in the Chair. * Chairman read some notes on a new method of printing aad and exhibited some os pests of drawings executed by roce 6 JUNE, 1879. ‘ This meeting lapsed for want of sufficient attendance. £APULIL ES , Mr. H. C. Russurz, PRA $., in the Chair. | Daper was read by Mr. Joun Tessurt , F.R.A.S., Windsor, = ela ot 64 Aquarii by Jupiter, on the 14th and § ead a note on the recent ee of Mars atura,on t on. the morning of the Ist July, 1 1 AUGUST, 1879. : it Mr. H. ©. Russext, F.R.A.S., in the Chair. : Council Was resolved that an application should be made to “The hie for the purchase of tga ey Map of the Moon, and tmosphere,” by C. Flammari oe Water whi man read a paper on aha River Darling an ich should pass through it. 162 REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. 5 SEPTEMBER, 1879. This meeting was postponed. 3 OCTOBER, 1879. Mr. H. C. Russenz, F.R.A.S., in the Chair. Mr. G. D. Hirst exhibited a drawing, in coloured crayons, of Jupiter, taken on the evening of the 2nd September. 7? NOVEMBER, 1879. Rey. Go. Marrty in the Chair. Mr. H. C. Russetn submitted a drawing of an arrangement for the suspension of a glass mirror in the silvering bath, by which the necessity for the use of pitch is obviated. Mr. H. S. Hawxrns read a paper on a compiled catalogue of Tt was resolved that Mr. Hawkins’s paper be forwarded to the Council, in order that. it may be read at a general meeting of the Society. REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. 163 4 On a new method of printing Star Maps. q By H. C. Russert, B.A., F.R.A.S, Government Astronomer: = [Read before the Astronomical Section, 2 May, 1879.] ‘ T suppose every astronomer, and many other scientific men, have _ ,,+0make a block for printing a star map I proceed as follows :—_ Having determined the size the map is to be, I obtain a plate of ase quite true and el. One side is then carefully rub With a piece of water-of-ayr stone (the same as lithographers use) 5 =a l the tool-marks are i th _ Surface is obtained. Upon this surface two lines parallel to each side and about a . . le thus \ 164 REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. block, the name, or any remarks to be printed with it, are en- graved, and it is ready for the finishing process, which is rubbing it very lightly with water-of-ayr stone and water, to remove the burr raised at the edges of the lines and holes. Care must be taken not to make the surface uneven with the stone. Tf the block is small, 4 or 5 inches each way, it may be printed in an ordinary letter-book press, and in that case the metal may be any convenient thickness; but if it is large it must be type high—that is, as thick as the length of an ordinary type letter. If too much ink is used in the printing the lines fill up and will not print ; if too little ink the prints will not be black. Similar defect may be caused by want of power in the press. I have obtained prints in this way as good as the best lithographic work. telescopic power. Now in a star cluster, of which I have recently made a map, this star dust is a conspicuous feature ; the more 80 how exhibited will illustrate what is meant A modification of this method would print nebule white on 4 black ground. 7 So far I have only spoken of type metal, but other metals may _ be used, and I have found sheet-lead very easy to work, and quite f : only diffi the stars are in the right places and of the proper relative ener tudes. The maps being printed on dry paper are subject minimum of distortion from expansion or contraction .. i ae 7 per. And lastly, the block itself can be kept as a peer and Occultation of 64 Aquarii by Jupiter, Sep. 14th, 1879. By Joun Tessutt, F.R.A.S. [Read before the Astronomical Section, 4 July, 1879.] © \ ronomical column of Vature for December 19th, 1878, announced that in all probability the star 64 Aquarii of the hire observers with more details respecting it. . For ee Ihave deduced the following apparent places of the t, by means of second differences, from the ephemeris in the Nautical Almanac :-— ad. h ob Ae , h. m8 Sep. 14 1 Greenwich M. Time, R.A.—22 32 59°48. N.P.D.=100 39 £0 eae nS 9832 SBE) 4, WO SS The is eeu ea » 22 32 57:18. 100 39 18°0 ‘mean place of the star for the beginning of 1864, given in the Teenwich Catalogue for that year is RA.=22h. 32m. 650s, 0° 44’ 4-7” 1 Jeterminations with + ties o : Nl ose of the occultation becomes R.A. = 22 Boni. 100° 39’ 0-7”. As the equatorial horizontal parallax of Planet will be only 2-2”, and the planet itself will cross the on at an altitude of 67 ‘ANE nt «eration the elliptic form of the planet’s disc. Adopting 23-9", ‘tore, as the mean of the equatorial and polar semi-diameters 166 REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. SOE oa hi and also the other data before stated, I obtain the __ following for the geocentric phases of the occultation in oar a ge ean. on: — a hm S. Disappearance of star at planet’slimb ...... = 14 10 28 ot Least distance of satwe (8°5”) is eh Conjunction of planet and star in right ascension.. ee Reappearance of war at planet’s limb ss 99 12 55 It is thus seen that the star will be ictal by the planet’s disc — the = of two hours and twenty-seven minutes. The dis- at 91° the accuracy of Leverrier’s new tables ephemeris of Jupiter in the Nautical Almanac is now comp * REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. _ 167 Note on the Conjunction of Mars and Saturn, July rst, 1879. a By H. C. Russewt, B.A., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer. yellow and the surface quite dull compared with ee e of colour was that of the solar spectrum, a and E, but entirely without brilliance, in fact very dull-looking. a 1 remarked that Mars seemed clear and brilliant, as if it had lost the hazy coating which was so troublesome at the last _ Pposition ; the dark markings even with a low power presented ® . : romised good Sra 8 Shes Vise -he colour seen upon Saturn was not the polar colouring s0 but a tint over the es < able to me because, on viewed with the naked eye, Saturn has always seemed to poe €to be the same colour as Antares. E ut was unable to get any micrometer measures of the difference Es “arias between the limbs of the planets until 6h. 16m. 13s. wa when the difference measured 92”:23 ; nine other measures im ame a 4 4 “of li ce between their centre: 957-03, and fines” as 78”-40 and of centres 91”:60 ; these are all a . an aps worth while here to record a few of the estimates = colour of Saturn when observed under favourable con- «AS. notices, June 8, 1832. Mr. Lawson observed an occulta- n of Saturn ‘by the moon on May Sth, 1852, with a 5ft. i _ power 100, says at emersion—“ The planet was of a leaden hue.” R. _observes—“ The dull leaden blue colour ‘of the planet at the emer- J. Spear says—“On June 13th, 1870, 0 served occultati 168 REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. Dolland telescope, power 150. He remarked :—*“ At emersion the. planet appeared small, dull and gauzy; at three or four diameters’ distance from the moon it appeared as usual as to size, but the colour was a Fr es Aah somewhat like that of dull or what is technically called ‘mat’ gold.’ Mr. Holehause, same date, observing with a 7-ft. achromatic ‘ notices, May 13, 1859, page 240. At an occultation of Saturn by the moon on May Sth, 1859, Mr. T. W. B sion was very striking” ; telescope 2 , power 173. At the same occultation Mr. W. Simms, who o Sorel with’a 4-in. telescope, power 200, says—‘The dark limb of “the moon passed steadily over : the Planet, without the slightest distortion appearing in either | body. ‘ Mr. J. W. Jeans, same date, says—“ Upon emersion the colourot ~s the planet was very ashy, but I believe entirely from contrast.” = Rey. W. R. Dawes, same date, observing with 7}-inch peak oom ied 235, eae very pale g reenish hue oe Saturn Be ss pact to’ the effect of contrast, Saturn appeared of a, ain greenish grey, or greyish green colowr (such as might ixing yellow ochre and bistre with a great deal of water).” Mr. W. R. Grove, same date, 4: 3-inch telescope, power 165, says—“ On emergence the extremely faint light of Saturn con- trasted with the moon: was very remarkable : Satire was 2 . mere ghost of himself, a faint grey blue colour.” am Mr. Lassell, same date, with 22-inch telescope, opus “316, er am “The colour of Saturn on emerging was certainly pale and 0} - greenish Se in comparison with the moon’s lustre and colour, but * it was not so pale and dull as I expécted.” Gosileation of Saturn by the moon, April 19th. tee Cap- tain Noble, telescope 4°2, power 255, says—“ Saturn ared ve aoe greenish yellow when compared with the brilliant light the moon Supplementary number R.A.S. notices, Ne 31, page _ son oon’s limb | Saturn a the moon. The planet oes ie the m assumed a sickly green hue”; (telescope oh inches). ade At the — of Saturn, May 8 "1859, a apie m nm was several times its own diameter oon. REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. 169 ‘The River Darling—the water which should pass : through it. By H. C. Russenz, B.A., F.R.A.S., Government Astronomer. [Read before the Astronomical Section, 1 August, 1879.] - small part of the rainfall, after making every allowance, passesdown the river. I was not however prepared for the result which I Neg the Great Dividing Range, extending from Orange northwards 0 Queensland, and upon this part of it the rainfall in an average Year ranges from 20 to 40 inches; in the more western districts eves by the Darling the average is from 10 to 20 inches. I 3 Proration and be quite within the quantity of water which must Mrcies th ibe ide. I have — urke the Darling is said to be 60 yards wide. 2 08” sumed it to be 200 feet and that instead of the contraction 1 Girefully measured and was only two- of a mile per pee it has been said that in contracted of the river it sometimes flows 1} mile per T believe the sma : tha ‘ Tapid and the river considerably more capacio’® | in- fall 18, while at the same time I have taken the er oe 7 only 2 inches, I find that in order to ny that is the river would have to be 100 feet = "flow as a * Nould, in order to carry off the rainfall, coated 170 REPORTS FROM THE SECTIONS. solid stream of water 100 feet deep and 200 feet wide, at the rate of 1 mile per hour, without any cessation throughout the year. Now, | we all know that the Darling not only does not flowin such about six months, and even then does not carry one-third of the water shown above, and that in summer it is very low, and _per- haps stops running. at then becomes of the rain-water? large part of it must do, as it is known the waters of the Barcoo ; and other rivers do, viz., sink into the ground, to flow at some 4 lower level. ” These considerations point to an inexhaustible supply of water from wells, and we cannot be surprised t so many wells have > een made and found to confirm the ideas here presented, and s there can be no doubt that beneath the surface of our flat country ‘ there is an unlimited supply of good wa " ¢ N t the end of the month ) u in the same district ; ) Hawkesbury rose 20 feet at Penrith; the Macquarie and the Bell Rivers we? also in flood. Throughout the mon e steamers hayé traded up the eg 9-4 far as Brewarrina. On 21; fog in the harbour ; objects could not be se? at a distance of 100 yards. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 237 GOVERNMENT peepee rycsise SYDNEY. LATITUDE, 33° 51’ 41”; LONGITUDE, 10° NETIC VARIATION, 9° 25’ 2” Easr. SEPTEMBER, 1870 heise ABSTRACT. meter... Hig pang Pt ... 80°117 in. on the 11th, at 10°50 a.m. At32°Faht. Lowest Readin ng ... 29°352 ,, on the 16th, at 3 p.m. Me atte dight 9°775 wry (being 0°109 inch less Pian that in the same month on an average of the ry area 20 years.) W .. Gre crip a re. 20°5 on the 16th at 9 a. Me se Recaber. of Days Calm ... 0 oe revailing Direction ws W. W) ee pest inthe Shade... Te ‘i on the rr i Lowest in the Shade ... 45°7 on the 7th. seite st Range ... 65'2 on the Highest in the Sun 132°6 on the 23rd. Lowest e Grass 395 Mean in the Shade 59°6 (Being 1-0 greater ant that a the same month on an average of the preceding 20 years.) idity ... Greatest Amount . F000 on the 16th, Lea = na i ‘ 45°0 on the 28rd. Mea am 95 — thin that of the same month on an average 0 preceding 20 years.) Greatest Fall 5691 i ce vd the 10th. Numb Es ... 16 rain _ umber of Days . piper pi aa kan ci cages ey 14 045, ae 15 feet above re ground hes pr rahe ration Total y eee yo vu, eee pike. a cece he Amount : preceding 18 youre} Ticity... Number of — Ligheatng 2 Wy Sky... Mean Amou ae Number of Clear Days a e Number observed ee ee Remarks. i hos mperature this month is 1 de above the average, and the mon a cenble for very heavy rains. eat S Sydney the fall is 11°373 inches bots the : this i eet. Th t : toad 28 fra Sin Singleton. ‘The Maequarie at Bathurst rose higher than any. oft : tland rose 283 years. Again on the 17th, the Hunter at Mait flood wkesbury was again in flood. On the night of the 16th the highest food 238 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. GOVERNMENT OBSERVATORY, SYDNEY. ATITUDE, 33° 51’ 41”; Lonarrups, 104 4™ 465; MaGneric VARIATION, 9° 25' 2” East. _ OCTOBER, 1879.—Gernerat ABsTRACT. Barometer... Highest penting pe 19 te on the 14th, at 9 a.m. At 32° Faht. reg Read n the 28th, at 4 p.m, ean Hei a pes aa Wind tee _ test Pressure .. 28-9 lbs. on the 28rd. Mean Pressure . 06 Number of Days Calm 1 (Prevailing direction during tl p ng 20 , N.E.) Temperature 5: aah in the Shade 95°0 on the 23rd. Lowest in the Shade 47°8 on the Ist : Ran t. Mean Diurnal Rar “a Mean in the Shade (Being 0-1 greater than that of th 39°6 on the Ist. ; 15°6 63°€ £4} a: on re) Humidity + Greatest Amount ... : Least ae ou —) sd ° 88°7 on the 8th. 41°7 on the 23rd. 69°2 Mean (Being 0°5 greater than that of th ge of the preceding 20 years.) Rain... wee ea Fall a 153 inches on the 9th. mber of Days ... a rain and 1 dew. oo Total Fall 1451 inches, 65 feet above ground. i ae * ( 2°975 inches. ib in. sti _ ee (Being 0171 inch greater } that at +h ae g 20 years.) Evaporation Total Amount .,. __..,. 4:439 inches. Mean Amount... 86 ‘ ‘ ~. 24 ia Sea Doapmceast Mean Amoun Number of aie Days Number observed... eee. he ac Number of sige Lightning 3 Remarks. Gemperature and 7 it was unseasonably hot bs soamhcominig are close to the alia. but on - 2 cast Excepting where very litle rah 4 fell, pe mee has been generally a fie ir supply, 06i8¢ , _ districts, _ from 2 to 3 inches. sd ws cag Nae alee a oe 4 : t ee FS ae Scenes ae aie es SS are SCONE ee Seger an pea ns Rtas eae ere rete? .. Highest Reading A! 32 ? Faht. Lowest Re eding es n Heig - Mea ore "173 inch less tha METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. eh GOVERNMENT OBSERVATORY, SYDNEY. i : LamimupE, 83° 51’ 41”; Lonarrupe, 10 4 46¢; Magwzrre Vartattow, 9° 25' 2” East, NOVEMBER, 1879.—Geweran Apsrracr. 30°420 in. on the 28th, at 11°30 p.m. me 29) 070 » on the 19th, at 3°10 p.m, o4y on 5 Greatest prone ak Mean Pre : Premling Direction 31%: ray os. +} Number o: Dave s Calm 22°4 Ibs. on the 26th. O6 Ib. : 0 E.N.E. rt 401 GUEINS ire Highest in ik Shade Lowest i Shad a Diurnal es (Being 9-5 1 +1. : 52-2 on the 28th. re ling 20 years, 8.) 84°1 on the 17th. - 140° ae on the 13th. n the 28th. 6671 ea oh ae on’ 41 Greatest Amount ... Least a Bele c—) 94°0 on the 19th. 51:0 on the 28rd. Ceing 0°7 preater than that of th sh ling 20 rs.) + Greatest Fall oe ... 1°740 inches on the 20th. Number of Days ... ee a 2°819 inches. 65 feet above gro Total Fall ... ie {eee3 inches. bby . above genre, ‘116 inch greater tl ek oe 24 g 3S. g 20 years.) ation Total Amount... 4-705 inches. _ + Mean Amount 88 3°6 greater than that tn 41 ; ling $6 Statities of ‘of New — G. per vy. W. : On the Transmutation of Rocks in seueidiols wee F.GS., F.B.GS8. On the Oolo. E. P. Ramsey. ey of Australia . yay cA “ing oir of Encke’ s Com G. BR. Smalley. certain possible phrenseet between son Gea G. R. Smalley. _ Spe : “arog er mical Obse r “afr oad ent state of Astronomical, Magnetical, an Meteorolo co ei Science ; and the practical naa | G. B. Smalley. _ th dC tome: £ the Aborigines of Gerard Krefft. Lower Murra i kad Totnes 7 . 242 LIST OF PUBLIUATIONS. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 1867. Vol. I. Cor Inaugural Address, by the Rey. W. B. Clarke, M.A., F.G.S., &e., Vice- President. Article I—On Saag yg Coresolvents, by the Honorable Chief Justice a , F.R.S., President of the Queensland Philo shapes: saa II.—Remarks on a et by S. H. Wintle, ) Gerard Krefft, Curato Esq., on the = in a cave a aa pa the Sydney Mu- lasma: TiL—On the Aurifero pasts other Metal- - lif =a devas Diktricte of Northern Queens- Yee, Ww. B. Clarke, » IV.—On Pa he reappearance of of Scurvy i in sal E.B paty MRCS. — pany the Rates of Mortality and rest z — Pro- tion of Life in New 8 South gid = eg ema- compared with er sie Actes tics in i University countries of 8 pel » VI.—Note onthe uadioy of the ay River ae . B. Clarke, » VWiL—On Pade Mutual Influence of Clock Pen- ) G. it et BA., t, Astronomer. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH Je WALES, 1868. Vol. IT. ConTEN Opening Address by George R. ial. B. AF . 4 s., Dy hl 308% Article I.—On the value of Earth Temperatures ... < we e owe need Bk os s oor, . Gerard ‘crest ea > oe Museums in len and ae} te Sodney Museum TIl—On the Rowe Requirements of) Alfred a cy M.R.C.S Re iF ie: the Causes” ‘and ‘Phenomena of) Rev. W- B. Clarke, to} MA, F.GS., “ke, ¥.- Professor Smith, M.D. ecg ccd Rolleston- + Alfred 5a M.RB.C.S8. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 243 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 1869. q Vol, Iii. a ConTENTS. Opening Address, by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., F.G.8., Vice-President. a G. K. Holden, Senior Article I.—Onti tion of the Real Property Act a of Titles, £ Ss “shea II. agg oom as ee of SirW. Hamil eileen 9 doit of Closed Martin Gardiner, C.E. in ws ua LED igen eoren in the peer: “of the} Martin Gardiner, O.E. ns oe yw TV. Leino of the American Method 6 Levelling wie Sections. | at 08 Me e Engli and French Martin Gardiner, O.B. ae Se eatin the Electso' Tele ra ph between Eng: } lan a th w to connect | E. C. Cracknell, Super- the Australian pe genres the tele- intendent of Tele- geo systems of Eur isi and | graphs for N.S. W. a » Vaile dh on A Geology "of the coun i A. M. Thompson, Se. D. es around Goul : : __» VIL—On the Origin Aety Migratio ions of th : ae dere jan . Nation, demonst rating Rov. Dr: Tang, MP. 2 vce imigaraathat and ac pe Be settle : e Continent ee rag _» VIII, AS rove “Solutions of a ms in) yra;tin Gardiner, C.B. : trical Survey Ee » IX—On the Water Supply of. ae ge Charles Mayes. ; Co e” rani — » /X-—-On hae Results ad = Chemical Ex ee nation of Wa 3 for the "Spey Prfeo Smith, M.D. ter Comm Bore XI—On the. Refiuine of Gold by means ofl, B. Miller, F.C.S. me ee as.. | » XIT.—On a Apparatus “for Reducing A. Leibius, Phil. Doe. Chloride of Silver -» XTL—Remarks on Tables for er H. C. Russell, B.A. a the Humidity of the Air _ TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 1870. Vol. ik ors Content g Address, by the Rev. W. B. as M.A. F.GS., Vice-President. I.—On Post-office Savings Banks, Friendly) ¢, Rolls et on, Aaaess Societies, ne Gov: inane ist f° de 244 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. er ee on the Report of the Water) mmission, especially with reference > Andrew Garran, LL.D. oie eorge’s Sesh — eme . oe ee 1S | ar the Botany Waters .. KE. Bell, M.LC.E. » I1V.—Notes on the caus Slate and : ranite Veins of New Sout ales H. A. Thomson. mee Fe gag the occurrence of the ‘sg — ee Norman Taylor and Mudgee ..§ Prof. Thomson, Se.D TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 1871. Vol. V. ConTENTS. Opening Address by Professor Smith, M.D., Vice-President. ' Article eacg ot Pan on the Nebula around Eta HO Ruel, BA: » _II.—Magnetic Variations at Sydney ... HO. Russell, B.A. » I11.—Remarks on the Botany of Lord Howe’ we Dhiacies idpore, 9 tal Island ... » IV.—New Guinea a highly promising field for sietnan’ and coloni peeues sen wine an object could be m Rev. Dr. Lang. and successfully accomplis oud » V.—On the Conmitaitien of Matter. ... Professor Pell. TRANSACTIONS OF THE aoe SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WA S, 1872. Vol. VI. ConTENTs. Opening Address by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., Vice-President. ‘Article L—On ah Improved Method of Separating Met A id from Argentic Chloride, as ob- = De. Leibius. method of Assaying ape ee ae Leibius. given by some Manuals of A ng > ssayi and what ~_ De Leteuk » ibe STUER EE a 7 hoes v maaponeeree +. H. C. Russell, B.A. : v stn ede et Cluster Stars about H. C. Russell, B.A. \ +» VIL—On the danas Meteorite ies a _, {Archibald Liversidge, » VIIL—Statistical Review of the Progress of New South Wales in the last elon Rolleston, Esq. years, 1862-71 > Tg Dhak g eee as Meare LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 245 TRANSACTIONS OF THE epee bcceneiaia OF NEW SOUTH WALES, Vol. va. Cont eign «SS bony Address, by = aw: W. B. Clarke, M.A., Vice- nt. IL. —Appendix to the ws Hos Address, by the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., Vice-President. i LL. Tae ao Solution of certain Geodesic } Martin sree CE. roblem: J IV. —KoealPatioulas of the Transit -of Venus H. C. Russe » V.—Note o e Bingera aces: District Arch. rere FO » WI.—On our pat and Coal Port Jam » VIL. ‘Sie sere to “On our Coal and Goat Fone acing » VIII.—On our rliat and Coal Por ae Manning. » I1X.—The ban ee als of A pic and t Cla see antl; pote ar Gerard Krefft. an me » X%—On Geodesic avout gait vas Martin Gardiner, C.E. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 1874. ol, VIII. ack it) nO Cencknall; Iiew. Article I.— ‘el Duplex Telegraphy A Raberts, MBC. » I1.—Hospital Accommodat » II1.—Criminal Statistics of he South h Wales} Chris. Rolleston. 1860, 1873 » IV. —Desrpiion of Eleven new species oO a we Marine ee trom} John Brazier, O.M.Z.S. no ri ralia V.—Iro i os Esq. . ME “sydney ¥ Wate Su Ly by Gravitation arse nning, sq. ” ‘eat —Nickel Min et New Caledon vofessor Liversidge. » VIIT. gai Mey aa Ceal Deposits at Wales} Professor Liversidge. g, N.S.W. » IX. —Some « of the Results of the Arg A eh UH. C. Russell, B.A. i f the Transit of Venus ” X—The Transit of Venus as cies me Rev. Wm. Scott, M.A. Eden TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW 1875. SOUTH WALES, shew IX. (Edited by Proto Tivenslen e.) baae ticle I.—List he oe —_— ntal aerate be pete site ee » IL—Proe a bom si iss xixi to » IIL.—Additions to Library... 0 xliii to xiv one 246 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. PAGE. Atticle IV. —Anniversary aga. by the ‘wie W. B. Clarke, Ca , Vice- Pre siden ra lto 56 » V.—Notes on Son Sea Soandings. By Rev. W. B. oo _ M.A., F.G8. , 57 to 72 x». VI—Facts in American Mining “By Bensusan 73 to 86 wy VAL = Seaitvacad Deposi o of F nusnia (Illustrated). : By 8. H. Wintle, H 87 to 95 » VIII. —Permanent Water Supply wo By sicy by “Gravita- tion. By James Manni 97 to 119 » IX.—Metropolitan Wat ater Supp ive By James Manning 121 to 123 » X.—Water Supply to Sve dney by Gravitation (Plans). By James Manning 125 to 134 » AL—Scientific pis By 7 Hi. C. “Bussell, ‘B. is Govern: ei ment A 135 to 150 Pv —Examples no Proud stallization ‘[llustrate Pp = ssor Liv ag ¢ . 152 to 153 » ATII.—The somiy o8 of ‘Now South ‘Wales. _-ByP Professor ne 154 to 215 » &1IV.—Index . 217 to 223 a) KV: oe ee Meteorological “Observations, ‘Sydne S Hi. C. Russell, B.A., Sydney Observatory . lto 12 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 1876. . Vol. X.
  • LIST OF PUBLICATIONS, 7. The re An Micrometer. By H. C. Russell, 8. Noies on » Jape d during his Opposition, 1878. ry q. 9. On Star-dises, and the separatin ba power 0 of T 10. Abstract of the ig ek vey pom Transit =" enus. By , F.R.AS y John Tebbutt, F. 12, Remarks on he Mounting of. Large “Object- glasses. . Russell, B.A., F.R.A.S. 13. Ona New Form of Equatorial Mounting. By ussell, B.A., ah 14. Note on the Boorook Silver Mine. By A.W. Dixon, F.C.S. 15. Notes