THE BOTANY THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE - OF e H.M. DISCOVERY SHIPS ZREBUS AND TERROR, E IN THE YEARS 1839-1843, | | UNDER THR COMMAND OF | E CAPTAIN SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS, Kr., R.N., F.R.S. € L.S., grc. PART III. E FLORA TASMANIA. . ui NO Uu Hi > e e ? E LOVELL REEVE, 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GA Set EE eee Sb yes ws TX CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. KL Preliminary Remarks. Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, ete. . . Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Y aei of bagiau and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species A § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and bad in different natural groups of plants . i Parallelism of features of variability in different groups ; of individuals de AT species, genera, etc. 5, Si in wild and cultivated plants Variation a centrifugal force; the fendenty i in ^ed progeny of a Wie to deut further T their original types, not to revert to them . . " Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately RR to permanence of dd onis Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ;—its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc. o. Wood da e . $ 3. On the General Phenomena of Distribution in Area. Cireumscription of Area of Species, and causes of it =: . « Relative Distribution of Natural Groups of Plants ; Insular Floras, and analogies between them and mountain ficia a bs the modi a ages of bar and other Floras . : : Existing conditions will sol — for existing e distribution . ; Effects of Humidity in modifying distribution :—effects of the Glacial Epoch, sid AN s views iden e $ 4. On the General Phenomena of the Distribution of Plants in Time. Outlines of the principal facts in Fossil Botany . ‘ Their bearing on the question of Progressive Seene ee dee Plants ; Progression and Retrogression of Vegetable Types . ER iii vi CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. The Doctrine of Genetic Resemblance . . , Concluding Remarks on the speculative aspect of PN "io subject ; ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA. § 1. General Remarks. Peculiarities of the Flora . xxvii False impressions of the amount ind uh of de peculiaris ind pee — of Flora with ollices xxviii -~ $ 2. and affinities Estimate of the Australian Flora, and general Sura on the Classes and Orders, their number, distribution, $3. On the Australian Distribution of Natural Orders $ 4. On the Genera of the Australian Flora . $ 5. On the Tropical Australian Flora . . Comparison with the Indian, African, etc., Soe List of Indian Plants in Australia § 6. On the Flora of Extratropical Australia Comparison and Contrasts of South-eastern and Bosih western Floras , KS On the Flora of the countries round Spencer's Gulf . $ 8. On the Tasmanian Flora Table of Distribution of SE Puis $ 9. On the New Zealand and Polynesian features of Australian Vegetation . $ 10. On the Antarctic Plants of Australia xxxiii xxxvi . XXXVili xli xlii lii . Ixxxvi . lxxxix JONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. KE On the South African features of the Australian Vegetation $ 12. On the European features of the Australian Flora. List of European Genera and Species in Australia . $ 13. On the Fossil Flora of Australia and its Geology in relation to the existing Flora $ 14. On the Naturalized Plants of Australia. $ 16. A List of some of the Esculent Plants of Tasmania § 16. Outlines of the Progress of Botanical Discovery in Australia. l. Voyages of Discovery and Survey ; English. —Dampier, Cook (Banks and Solander), FE —— of Por legion TIE strong), Flinders (Brown), King (Allan Cunningham), Wickham (Bynoe), Blackwood (M‘Gillivray), Ross (Antarctic Expedition), Stanley (M'Gillivray, Kennedy, Carron), Denham (M*Gillivray and Milne). French.—D'Entrecasteaux (Labillardiére), Baudin (Leschenault), Freycinet (Gaudichaud), Duperrey (D'Urville and Lesson), D'Urville (Lesson), D’Urville (Hombron and Jacquinot). American.—W ilkes. 2. Land Expeditions undertaken by order of the Home and Colonial Governments . . b Oxley (Allan Cunningham and Fraser), Sturt, Mitchell (R. Cunningham), Grey, Leichardt, E Roe, Mueller, Gregory, North Australian Expedition (Mueller), Babbage. 3. Colonial Botanists and Gardens . ee CE UN Fraser, R. Cunningham, M*Lean, A. ic 3 AEN jo c Ma Mueller, Hill, Francis. 4. Private Travellers and Collectors sent out by Horticultural Establishments or private individuals . White, Caley, Paterson, Burton, Lawrence, Baxter, Sieber, Collie, Gunn, Hügel, Preiss, Drummond, Lhotsky, Backhouse, Bidwill, Harvey, Strzelecki, Vicary, Robertson, Adamson, Clowes, Davies, Milligan, Stuart, Scott, Oldfield, Archer. Postscript . ERRATA. Page xxxix, line 6, for tropical read tropic of. Page cxxviii, in P.S., line 5, for New Guinea read Celebes. xciv exiii cxix exxiii exxiv . cxxviii dep Kl Me hd ir geet Y Aes Eë Ami x fec. qe 4 a on oi. a SS KEY* TO THE NATURAL ORDERS OF TASMANIAN FLOWERING PLANTS. (Chiefly adapted from Lindley's * Vegetable Kingdom.) DICOTYLEDONS. : I. PoLYPETALOUS. A. Polyandrous. Stamens more than 20. § Ovaries inferior. Leaves simple, usually dotted with aromatic oil-glands . . . . .XXXL Myrtaceae. Leaves simple, fleshy, inodorous . . . ... .. EEN, Ficoidee. §§ Ovaries superior. 1, Leaves stipulate. a. Carpel, 1 or more, free. Stamens perigynous, free. Carpels many, l-seeded . . . XXVII. Rosacea. Stamens hypogynous, free. Carpels several, 1- or several-seeded I. Ranunculacee. Stamens hypogynous. Carpel 1. Flower papilionaceous . . XXVI. Leguminose. Stamens hypogynous, combined. Flowerregular . . . . . XV. Malvacea. 8. Carpels more or less combined into a 3—«o -celled ovary. Stigmas distinct, simple, filiform. Anthers opening by 1-2 slits XV. Maleacee. 2. Leaves exstipulate. Carpel 1, many-ovuled. Fruit succulent . . . . . . .. II. Magnoliacee. Carpel 1, many-ovuled. Fruit a legume . . . . . . . «XXVI. Leguminose (Acacia). Carpels many, free, 1-ovuled (ONU vo. X V I. Ranunculacee (Clematis). Carpels many, free, 2- or more- ovuled . IV. Dilleniacee. Carpels 2, combined. Ovary 2-celled, es Styles 2, SN XXXVI. Cunoniacee ( Bauera). Carpels 3, combined. Ovary 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Styles 8, 2-partite LXXII. Euphorbiacee ( Ricinocarpus). Carpels 3-12, combined. Ovary 2-celled, oo-ovuled. Styles 3-12, free XVIII. Hyvericinee. Carpels 2—4, combined. Ovary 2—4-celled, 2-ovuled. Style 1 . . XVII. Hleocarpee. B. Oligandrous. Stamens fewer than 20. $ Ovary inferior. - Flowers umbellate. : A A v o. V e V ov vc MT. A Shrubs . : ero en E EE EE Flowers not clase. Leaves exstipulate. Herbs. Petals 4. Cells of ovary cias XXVIII. Onagrarie. Leaves exstipulate. Shrubs. Petals5 . . . XXXI. Myrtacee. Leaves exstipulate. Herbs. Petals 2-4. Cells of ovary SE XXX. Haloragee. Leaves stipulate. Shrubs or trees. Stamens 4-5 . XXIV. Rhamnee. Leaves stipulate. Shrubs. Stamens 10 or more. . . . . . XXXI, Myrtacee (Calycothriz). * This Clavis is not intended to supersede the study of a proper Work on the Natural Orders, such as Lindley’s * Vegetable Kingdom,” but only as an aid to the Tasmanian botanist. A full and sufficient account of the Tasmanian Orders would be far too extensive for the limits of this volume, and properly belongs to introductory works on Botany. z FLORA OF TASMANIA. $$ Ovary superior. T Leaves stipulate. a. Carpels solitary, or several, and then free. Flowers papilionaceous XVI Flowers regular. Styles 1 to En xd e : XVII Flowers regular. Stigmas 3-5. Ovary 1-celled ‘ . LXII Flowers regular. Styles 2. Ovary 2-celled . XXXVI 8. Carpels several, more or less combined. * Oyules parietal. Flowers regular. Leaves with glandular hairs . VII Flowers irregular. No glandular hairs VI ** Ovules axile or basal. Leaves opposite, 2-foliolate . . XXII Leaves opposite, simple : XIV Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate . XXI Leaves alternate, simple or pinnate. Fruit with along beak . S po OR Oyary 1-celled, with basal ite. . XXXIII. Ovary 3-5-lobed and -celled, with idibus ined ineach . XXV. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell . qo 115 TT Leaves exstipulate. a. Carpels several, free. Stamens hypogynous. Carpels 1-seeded . ROO aw I Stamens hypogynous. Carpels 2- or few-seeded . . . . IN. Stamens hypogynous. Carpels many-seeded XXXVI Stamens perigynous. Carpels many-seeded . IV B. Carpel solitary. Flower papilionaceous XVI Flower regular. Shrubs . or E Flower regular. Herbs . . XXXIII y. Carpels 2 or more, combined ws a s SE ovary. * Styles free, several. . Leguminose. . Rosacee. . Plumbaginee. . Cunoniacee (Anodopetalum). . Droseracee. . Violariee. . Zygophyllez. . Elatinee. . Oxalidee. . Geraniacez. Portulacee. Stackhousiee. Euphorbiacee. . Ranunculacee. Dilleniacee. . Cunoniacee (Tetracarpea). . Orassulacee. . Leguminose. . Bueltneriacer. . Portulacee (Calandrinia). Ovary 1-locular. Ovules parietal XI. Frankeniacee. Ovary 1-locular. Ovules basal , XII. Caryophyliee. Ovary 2-locular. Shrubs . XXXVI. Cunoniacee. Ovary 3-locular. Shrubs e . LXII. EZuphorbiacee. Ovary 5-loeular. Herbs . XII. Linee. ** Styles combined into a solitary dan one. Leaves opposite. Stamens Ovary 4-8-lobed or -celled . . XXIII. Rutacee. Leaves a x m o S Gas 2-celled L. Oleacez. Leaves alternate or whorled. Anthers 6 (rarely 1-4), 4 longer, opening by slits . V. Crucifere. Anthers 5, opening by slits. Ovary 1-celled XXXIII. Portulacee. Anthers 8-10, opening by pores. Ovary 2-celled. . . . . IX. Tremandree. Anthers 5, opening by pores or slits. Ovary 3—5-celled . XVI. Buettneriacee. Anthers 5, opening by slits. Ovary 3-5-celled X. Pittosporee. KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS. Stamens 4-6, perigynous. Ovary 2-celled, o»-seeded. Calyx cylindric. Herbs. . eo. XXX. Lythrariee. Stamens 6, perigynous. Dni ree) RER, ans turbinate. Shrubs . . . . XXXVII. Escalloniee. Stamens 4-5, perigynous, E petals Ora 3-celled, 3-seeded. Calyx flat. Shrubs . . . XXIV. Rhamnea (Discaria). II. MoNoPETALOUS. A. Ovary inferior. T Flowers (minute) in an involucrate head. Stigmas 2, naked E E E . XLII. Composite. Stigma 1, ina Sele Bi. aa « s. Seit A tt Flowers not in an involucrate head. * Leaves alternate. Anthers 5, 2-celled, combined. Stigma not in a cup . . . .XLVI. Lobeliacee. Anthers 2, 2-celled, combined. Stigma not ina cup. . . . . XLV. Stylidee. Anthers 5, 2-celled, free, alternate with corolla-lobes. Stigma not in a cup . 5. « XLVII Campanulacez. Anthers 5, 2- celled, be a sola lobes. $5; 3 0. e Mio: Peine: Anthers 5, 2-celled, free or combined. Stigma in cup . . . . XLIV. Goodeniacez. Anthers 3-5, free, 1-celled. Filaments combined . . . . XXXII Cucurbitacee. ** Leaves opposite or whorled. Simple, stipulate . . o, AL. AW. Ben d Lue XL, Caprifoiaces. B. Ovary superior. Flowers regular. : + Carpels free, or combined into a deeply lobed ovary. * Stamens free from corolla. Hypogynous. Leaves opposite. . . . . . ... ... . .KAlll, Rufgoee, Perigynous. Leavesalemate. . . , . . . Gran -u « AXV..Stachhonsiae, ** Stamens attached to corolla. Unequal. . er nn « « « « LVI. Labiate (Lycopus). Equal. tides 2-celled, opening = slits won A ooa o. alas BORO Equal. Anthers 2-celled, opening by pores . . . . . . XLVII. Fricee. Equal. . Anthers 1-celled . ci o 7x AML, Mygeridas, TT Carpels combined. Ovary not ai ie, * Stamens hypogynous. Anhes bead | Fino. - . = a ne due ben. Anthers 2-celled . . $ OTE di MAN ALL, wae (Prionoles). ** Stamens inserted on akea | a. Corolla-lobes plaited in buds. Leaves alternate. Capsule few-seeded . EE LIV. Convolvulacee. Berry many-seeded. Kata with pus, . 522) Ce .LVIIL, Smer. Capsule many-seeded. Anthers with slits . . . . . . LU. Gentianee. B. Corolla-lobes twisted or erumpled in bud. Leaves 5 opposite Small trees or climbing shrubs . . . - + . LI Apocynee. Erect or-decambent a u os s MIL Godiionen. £2 4 FLORA OF TASMANIA. y- Corolla-lobes imbricate or valvate. 1. Leaves opposite. Stamens 2. Ovules numerous . LIX A . Lu o v oe o. ov 4 orc L. Stamens 4. Ovules numerous LIII 2. Leaves alternate. Anthers 1-celled ; vc. ABIX Anthers 2-celled, opening = pores . . XLVIII. Anthers 2-celled, opening by slits. Herbs. Capsule bursting horizontally . LXIII. Shrubs. Leaves with translucent dots . EVIE Stamens opposite corolla-lobes LXI Ovary l-celled, 1-ovuled LXII C. Ovary superior. Flowers irregular. Anthers opening by pores . VIII Ovary deeply 4-lobed. Stamens &. c LVI Ovary simple or 2-lobed, 2-celled. COMMI m in a cup LIX Ovary 1-celled, with central placenta > i ss Bx Stigma in a cup . kde a . XLIV. III. AcHLAMYDEOUS (no apparent perianth). $ Trees or shrubs. Male flowers in catkins. . Scrophularinee. Oleacee. . Loganiacee. . Epacridez. Erice®. Plantaginee. Myoporinee. . Primulacee. . Plumbaginee. . Polygalee. . Labiate. . Scrophularinee. . Lentibulariee. Goodeniacee ( Velleia). Branches jointed, leafless, with toothed sheaths LXXV. Casuarinez. Branches with leaves LXXVI. Conifere. $$ Herbs. Male flowers solitary or SN . XXIX. Haloragea. IV. MONOCHLAMYDEOUS. $ Ovary inferior (flowers usually unisexual). i Twining, parasitic, leafless herbs. . í e . LXVIII. Laurinez. Climbing or prostrate leafy herbs, vibes tendrils iP 3 XXXV. Ficoidee. Climbing or prostrate leafy herbs, with tendrils. Ovary hid : XXXII. Cucurbitacee. Trees, with hermaphrodite flowers à . XXXI. Myrtacee (. pen Trees or shrubs, with unisexual flowers. lens 8-19 LXXIV. Cupulifere. Herbs, trees, or shrubs, with stamens 4—5, opposite the Midi . LXXI. Santalacee. Herbs, with 2-4 stamens, alternate with perianth-lobes. , , , y XXI, Haloragee. $$ Ovary superior. a. Leaves stipulate. Stipules ochreate. Dore usually hermaphrodite . . . . LXIV. Polygonez. Stipulesfree, Stamens 1-5, oppositelobes of perianth. Bopen LXXIII. Urticee, Stipules free. Stamens 4-5. Flowers an ê XXIV. Rhamnee (Oryptandra). Stipules free. Stamens numerous XXVI. Leguminose (Acacia). Stipules free. Stamens 8. Styles 3 LXXII. Euphorbiacee. 8. Leaves reduced to sheaths of the jointed aene LXXV. Casuarinez. y. Leaves exstipulate. : T Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpels many, free . . . . . . . . I. Ranunculacee. $ Carpels solitary, 1-celled, with a simple style. Anthers 12 (3 sterile), opening by valves. Twining parasite. LXVIII, Laurinee. KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS. Anthers 4, 2-celled, opposite lobes of perianth. Shrubs and trees. Seeds exalbuminous XIX. Proteacee, Anthers 1-4, 2-celled. Seeds Mac LXX. Thymelee. Anthers 3, united (and 1 sterile filament) LXIX. Proteacee (Conospermu). Anthers 2-5, free, 1-celled LXVI. Amarantacee, Stamens very numerous. Anthers iw XXVI. Leguminose. $$ Carpels combined, 1-celled, with 2 or more afl Ovule 1 or several, basal. Leaves opposite, connate . XI. Caryophyllee. Ovule 1, basal. Seed 1. Leaves usually alternate LXVII. Chenopodiacee. Ovules several. Seeds several . V. Crucifera (Lepidium). Tt Flowers unisexual. Tree. Leaves opposite. Ovaries oo. Anthers opening 4 valves lll. Monimiacee. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Fruit winged . x XIX. Sapindacee. Herbs, with 1-5 stamens opposite lobes of perianth ; Leon, Urticee, Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Stamens 2. Fruit drupaceous L. Oleacee. Herbs,withalternateleaves, 2-celledanthers, 1-celled ovary,and 2 styles LXVII. Chenopodiaceae. Herbs, with 1-celled anthers, 1-celled ovary, and 1 style . . LXVI. Amarantacee(Alternanthera). Herbs, with 2-celled anthers, 2-celled ovary, and 2 styles . LXV. Phytolaccez. Shrubs, with 2-celled anthers, 3-celled ovary, and discoid stigma LXXII. MONOCOTYLEDONS. I. Petaloid. Perianth distinct, generally membranous. A. Perianth superior. a. Terrestrial plants. Flowers hermaphrodite. Euphorbiacee ( Beyeria) . Perianth irregular, of 6 unegual pieces . i I. Orchidee. - Perianth regular. Anthers 1-4, extrorse, SEN the Me i IL. /ridee. Perianth regular. Anthers 3, introrse, opposite the seme - . . ME Hemodoracez. Perianth regular. Anthers 6, extrorse . e 2. 5. . IX. Melanthacee (Campynema). Perianth regular. Anthers6, inHome . . . . . . . . . . TV Hypozidee. 8. Aquatic plants. Flowers unisexual V. Hydrocharidee. B. Perianth inferior. a. Perianth of large pieces. Stamens 6. Anthers extrorse . . IX. Melanthacee. - Anthers introrse. Seed rounded, with a ‘thin TS X. Smilacee, Anthers introrse. Seed often flatteried, with a coriaceous, brittle, dark testa XI. Liliacee. Stamens 3 . i XIII. Xyridee. B. Perianth of 6 dini, green, or rary chaff-like p — Anthers extrorse. Ovules solitary . . . . . . . VIIL. Alismacee. Anthers introrse. Ovules several P XII. Juncee. II. Apetaloid. Perianth very obscure or 0. Small floating green scales . : VI. Pistiacee. Erect marsh plant, with -n soft, thick — 5 . VU. Zyphacee. VIII. Zlismacee. Caulescent water-plants . . er a 6 FLORA OF TASMANIA. III. Glumaceous. Perianth of dry scales. Anthers 2-celled. Perianth of 6 nearly equal pieces . . . . . AL Juncee. Anthers l-celled. Culms generally solid and terete . . i . . XIV. Restiacee. Anthers 2-celled. Perianth of alternate scales. dá: deene solid, 3-angled or flattened. Leaf-sheath not split to base . . XV. Oyperacee. Anthers 2-celled. Perianth of alternate scales, Culms + gene 1 — terete. Leaf-sheaths split to base. . . . . . . XVI. Graminee. KEY TO THE GENERA OF TASMANIAN FLOWERING PLANTS. DICOTY LEDONS. I. RANUNCULACEZ. Perianth single, valvate. Shrubs. Leaves opposite . . . . . . . . . . + + Clematis, p. 2. Perianth single, imbricate. Herbs. Leaves radical. Ovulel . . . . . . . + Anemone, p. 4. Perianth single, imbricate. Herbs. Leaves radical. Ovules œ . . . . . +. . . Caltha, II. p. 355. Perianth double, imbricate. Herbs. Ovulel. . . . . . . . . . . . +. . Ranunculus, p. 5. II. MaaNoLrACER. III. MONIMIACEZ. Tasmannia, p. 10. Atherosperma, p. 11. IV. DILLENIACEZ. Stamens In MWM D.S ae am nee A p. AR Stones in cs Me DONG i - .. led, p.15. V. CRUCIFERA. Pod long, compressed. Septum linear. Flowers white or lilac. . . . . . . . . Cardamine, p. 19. Pod long, sub-4-gonous. Flowers yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barbaren, p. 20. Pod short, sublerete. Howe low... 30. .. . a Caution, p. 21. Pod short, compressed, narrow-linear (inch) . . e Ko. de ee sen, p. Ml. Pod short, oblong, laterally compressed. Septum narrow . . . . . . . . . . Hutchinsia, p. 22. Pod short, obcordate, laterally compressed. TS BEWOW o. s s.s. leg, BO. Pod short, elliptie, flat. Leaves entire . Po P QNI EE Draba, p. 24. Pod short, oval, laterally compressed. Seed. l. Septum namow.. . . . . . . . Lepidium, p. 95. VI. VIOLARIEZ. Herbs. das BE. en a ' Viola, p. 26. Bb PA . e cud 00. . Hymenanthera, p. 27. VII. DnosERACE X. VIII. PoLycALtz. IX. TREMANDREZ. Drosera, p. 28. Comesperma, p. 31. Tetratheca, p. 33. KEY TO THE GENERA. X. PITTOSPORER. Climbers. Flowers tubular. Fruit baccate Erect shrub, or tree. Erect or prostrate shrubs. Flowers spreadiug. XI. FRANKENIACER. Frankenia, p. 40. XII. CARYOPHYLLEZ. Leaves stipulate : Perianth ell SS corlaceous . Exstipulate. Exstipulate. Perianth double . Exstipulate. Perianth single, of 4-5 dh: XIII. Lines. Linum, p. 46. XV. MALVACEZ. Calyx with an involucellum . . i Involucellum 0. Stamens 8-12. dicen "SEN reve i Involucellum 0. Stamens very numerous. Flowers corymbose XVI. BUETTNERIACEL. Lasiopetalum, p. 50. XVIII. HyPERICINEZ. Herbs. Shrubs or trees XIX. SAPINDACEE. Dodonea, p. 54. XX. GERANIACER. Flowers regular. Fertile stamens 5 Eh Flowers irregular. Fertile stamens 4-7 . . +... +. non XXI. OxALIDEZ. Ozalis, p. 58. XXIII. RUTACER. Corolla tubular, petals all united . : Leaves simple, didus Pioa FY i Petals free Petals free. Leaves simple, alternate. Filaments pilose Petals free. Leaves 3-foliolate, opposite. Stamens 4 Petals free. Leaves simple, or 3-foliolate, or pinnate, opposite. Petals free.. Leaves 3-foliolate, opposite Stamens 8-10 Flowers tubular. Capsule 36d. Seeds viscous . Capsule 2-valved. Seeds dry. Stamens 8 . . Billardiera, p. 36. . Pittosporum, p. 38. . Bursaria, p. 38. . Spergularia, p. 41. . Scleranthus, p. 42. . Stellaria, p. 43. . Colobanthus, p. 45. XIV. ELATINER. Elatine, p. 41. . Lavalera, p. 41. . Lawrencia, p. 48. . Plagianthus, p. 49. XVII. ELEOCARPEE. Aristotelia, p. 53. . Hypericum, p. 53. . Eucryphia, p. 54. . Geranium, 51. . Pelargonium, p. 51. XXII. ZyYGOPHYLLEE. Repera, p. 59. . Correa, p. 61. . Phebalium, p. 63. . Eriostemon, p. 64. . Zieria, p. 65. . Boronia, p. 65. . 4cradenia, p. 68. FLORA OF TASMANIA. XXIV. RHAMNEZ. Spinous shrub. Dise very broad . e E E . Discaria, p. 69. Leafy shrubs. Flowers bracteate. Stamens shorter than petals . . . . . . . . Oryptandra, p. 70. Leafy shrubs. Flowers ebracteate. Stamens longer than petals . Pomaderris, p. 16. XXV. STACKHOUSIER. Slackhousia, p. 18, and Supplement, II. p. 359. XXVI. LEGUMINOSZ. À. Flowers papilionaceous. l. Stamens all free. Ovules 4 or more. Pod ovate, turgid . . Oaylobium, p. 80. Ovules numerous. Pod inflated, globose . . . . Cota vun y oV IUNDPROROHUN; OT. Ovules 2. Pod with a straight upper and curved lower idi QUE HUNE DC EUST DOG, p. 82: Pod ovoid. Seeds estrophiolate . . . :04 0 0 9 55. d v uolo, p. 85. Pod subglobose, stipitate pe ges a PUE S. TUN . Spherolobium, p. 84. Pod sessile, ovate, ventricose. Leaves exstipulate. Calyx ebracteate . . . Dillwynia, p. 84. Pod short, sessile. Leaves stipulate. Calyx bracteolate . . . . . . . Pultenea, p. 86. 2. Stamens all combined, or rarely (in Hovea) with the upper free. Pod rounded, inflated. Ovary 2-ovuled. Leaves alternate, simple . . . . . Hovea, p. 93. Pod long, stipitate. Ovary many-ovuled. Leaves alternate, simple. . . . . Bossiea, p. 94. Pod linear-oblong. Ovary many-ovuled. Leaves opposite, simple . . . . . Platylobium, p. 96. Pod stipitate, oblique at base. Ovary few-ovuled. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate . Goodia, p. 97. 3. Stamens diadelphous. Ovary l-ovuled . . . . . . Psoralea, p. 99. 4. Stamens diadelphous. Pod divided into cells by spongy tissue betwen the cule Herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipules large. Pod long, terete . . . . . . . Lotus, p. 97. Shrub. Leaves pinnate. Stipules small. Pod long, terete . . . . . . . Indigofera, p. 99. “ Herbs. Leaves pinnate. Stipules deciduous. Pod ovate . . Swainsonia, p. 100. Herb. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipulate. Pod separating into 1-seeded, Se joints Desmodium, p. 100. Herb. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipulate. Pod entire. Flowers few, on axillary pedicels Kennedya, p. 101. Herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipulate. Pod entire. Flowers capitate or racemose . Leptocyamus, p. 102. Almost shrubby. Leaves ed? gn UU. E . , Hardenbergia, M. p. 361. B. Flowers not papilionaceous . . . (XN vu. e We C NNI, 108, XXVII. RosAcEz. Fruit of small fleshy drupes . . borar que oron xo» bienes s di qi dde. Fruit of many dry achenia, with short «yin poros o3 s ar ege p. 118. Fus of ny dry achenia, with long styles... ca. oe Geum, p. 113. Fruit of 1-2 achenia sunk in the calyx-tube : . ......... u... 4cama, p. 114. XXVIII. ONAGRARIEE. Calyx-tube produced beyond the “ Php 2:0... Vo 0.0. (Enothera, p. 118. a not produced. Seeds comose . . de a een Sp. 118. XXIX. HALORAGEZ. Terrestrial. Flowers hermaphrodite, tetramerous . : kai ur oror u ou alega, p. 139 Aquatic. Flowers unisexual. d flowers naked. "n 4 Nh. dnd i cM eee. n reese p 120 KEY TO THE GENERA. Aquatic. Flowers unisexual. 2 Perianth multifid Aquatic. Flowers hermaphrodite, dimerous Aquatic. Flowers unisexual, all naked. Stamen 1 Marshes. Flowers unisexual, Flowers dimerous . XXX. LYTHRARIEZ. Lythrum, p. 125. XXXI. MYRTACEZ. A. Corolla of 5 free petals, Ovary l-celled, 2-ovuled. Calyx-lobes with setaceous tips Ovary 1-celled, 2—4-ovuled. Calyx-lobes with blunt tips . . Ceratophyllum, Vol. II., p. 362. . Meionectes, p. 123. . Callitriche, p. 124. . Gunnera, p. 124. . Calycothriz, p. 126. . Thryptomene, p. 127. Ovary 3-celled, oo-ovuled. Stamens very long and numerous. Calyx n in the bark Melaleuca, p. 128. Ovary 2-3-celled, oe-ovuled. Stamens very long and numerous. or forming terminal spikes . Ovary 3-5-celled, oc-ovuled. Stamens very H a numerous. dense spikes in the middle of the branches . Ovary 4-5-celled. Stamens short, numerous Ovary many-celled. Stamens short, numerous . . . Ovary 2-5-celled. Stamens short, 5-10. Flowers mdi; B. Petals and sepals combined into a deciduous pileus . . XXXII. CUCURBITACER, Sicyos, p. 142, XXXIII. PORTULACER. Petals forming a calyptra over the ovary Petals 5, free. Seeds 3 or more Petals 5, free. Seeds 1 or 2 XXXIV. CRASSULACER. Tillea, p. 146. XXXV. Ficorpez. Petals numerous Ee EE Petals none mo ARE E o XXXVI. CUNONIACEX. Tree. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovary 2-celled . Shrub. Petals 6-10. Stamens œ. Ovary 2-celled , Small shrub. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Ovaries 4 . XXXVII. ESscALLONIEZ. Anopterus, p. 151. Pn folii Flowers axillary, . Kunzea, p. 130. . Callistemon, p. 130. , Leptospermum, p. 138. . Fabricia, p. 140. . Beckio, p. 141. . Eucalyptus, p. 131. . Calandrinia, p. 143. . Claytonia, p. 144. . Montia, p. 144. . Mesembryanthemum, p.146. . Tetragonia, p. 147. . Anodopetalum, 148. . Bauera, p. 149. . Tetracarpea, p. 150. 2a FLORA OF TASMANIA. XXXVIII. UMBELLIFERZ. Carpels of fruit 2, much laterally perg didymous. Stems creeping, branching . Stems erect, simple. Carpels with ¢ one miel ys on m face Stems branched. Carpels with 3-4 slender ridges on each face . Carpels of fruit 2, much "n flattened. Calyx without lobes Calyx with petaloid lobes Calyx with 5 unequal teeth . Carpel solitary e Carpels of fruit 2, each oa Flowers in a dense ovoid capitulum Flowers on dichotomous scapes Flowers in umbels. Leaves filiform . Hydrocotyle, p. 151. . Didiscus, p. 154. . Xanthosia, p. 155. . Diplaspis, p. 156. . . Dichopetalum, p. 157. Gingidium, Vol. II., p. 363. . Hemiphues, p. 157. . Eryngium, p. 159. . Microsciadium, p. 158. . Crantzia, p. 160. Leaves decompound, glabrous. Carpels g Ped 2 c5 4. in A, D. 100. Leaves decompound, pilose. Carpels aculeate E . Daucus, p. 161. Leaves decompound, silky. Carpels silky `, . . . . . . . +. . + . Oremyrrhis, p. 161. XXXIX. ARALIACER. XL. CAPRIFOLIACER. Panaz, p. 163. Sambucus, p. 164. XLI. RUBIAcEZ. Calyx 4—5-lobed. Leaves opposite. Flowers unisexual free . . . . . . . . . Coprosma, p. 165. Calyx 4-lobed. Flowers unisexual, connate in dense en re Ge UA, Y 100. Calyx 4-lobed. Flowers hermaphrodite, free . . E E, e D. 107. Calyx-lobes 0. Leaves whorled. Corolla dech or funnel imped im EENG, p. 168. Calyx-lobes 0. Corolla rotate . . . = zo x s. Gels, p. 169. XLII. ComPosIiTE. A. Capitula with the outer florets ligulate (rayed), white, pink, or purplish, the inner tubular, yellow. a. Pappus long, rigid, scabrid. Branched shrubs. Achenia not very long. Ray white xo. c. c0 MAINE DIG. 'Scapigerous herbs. Achenia not very long. Ray white . . . . . . . Oelmisia, p. 180. Branched herbs. Achenia very long, flattened, and narrow . . . . . . Pittadinia, p. 181. Scapigerous, small herbs. Achenia d ze Ray purple . Zrigeron, p. 182. b. Pappus of very short hairs or scales. . . pU; or. € o DBralyeome p. 188. c. Pappus 0. Achenia erostrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Paquerina, p. 188. Pappus 0. Achenia rostrate . . . Lagenophora, p. 188. B. Capitula with all the florets tubular, none ligulate (in Cassinia, VIE MR aeyn. etc., the inner radiating involucral scales resemble ligulate E a. Pappus of 2 rigid spines . . . “Ew ( oe lada, D. 190. SH Y es ee Reue p. 199. 5 MW" E EE Pterygopappus, p. 207. d. Pappus none. a. Flowers numerous. Corolla of outer ones 0, or imperfect . . . . . . Cotula, p. 191. Corolla of outer ones inflated . . cow euo o o ARMS p. 108. COEM MUU mi MEN aa S. suos s.n . Myriogyne, p. 194 KEY TO THE GENERA. 11 B. Flowers about 6 ; outer flowers 3-cleft . . o. 09 DUNA + i Tysewron, Vol. IL, p. 364, y. Flowers about 4; outer flowers 4-toothed . . ` - + + cos . Belerolena, p. 195. e. Pappus of soft hairs (rather harsh in Millotia). a. Capitula combined into a spherical head. Leaves opposite. Stems branched . . . . 2 200 - +. Calocephalus, p. 196. Leaves alternate. Stems branched . . . 2 2 . + + 5. Leucophyte, p. 196. Scapigerous herbs . . IEA EE... ......... 2 - + . Skirrhophorus, p. 198. B. Capitula free, 1. Receptacle paleaceous. Inner involucral scales stipitate and radiating . - * + «+ Podolepis, p. 208. Inner involucral scales erect. Paleæ of receptacle filiform - + + « Apalochlamys, p. 199. Inner involucral scales erect. Palem of receptacle like inner involucral scales . uu dtes cor 1 a "Ce RU. 2. Receptacle without sales: T Involucral scales in one series, erect. Herbs. Involucral scales scarious. Pappus in l series. Small, slender plant . . Millotia, p. 209. Herbs. Involucral scales herbaceous. Pappus in 1 series. Flowers yellow. . . Senecio, p. 221. Herbs. Involucral scales herbaceous. iem niña... 775777 MAU. p. 218. Shrubs. Involucral scales herbaceous . . . . . Bedfordia, p, 223. tt Involucral scales in — series, inner ai T Pappus of few (10-12) hairs E E quos Leptorhynchus, p. 207. Pappus of many hairs. Branching shrubs. Involucral scales in many seres . . Ozothamnus, p. 200. Tufted, alpine, woolly, sessile-flowered herb, with a white ray of involucral scales . . . . Raoulia, p. 206. Herbs. Capitulum with white- or meer iita Pappus scabrid . . Helichrysum, p. 210. Herbs. Capitulum with ide or A inet: Pappus plumode 2, 1055-00 210 9 A um a a Helipterum, p. 214. Herbs. Involuere not rayed . ee s s . Gnaphalium, p. 215. C. Capitula yellow, the inner florets tubular, the outer with Img r rays. Herb. Involucral scales in many series . ‘ nn oos s . Cymbonotus, p. 995. Shrub. Involucral scales in one series . . 2 2 2 . . . . - + «+ + s Centropappus, p. 225. Herbs. Involucral scales in one series . . 2 2 ....., . s ag ee, p. 221. D. Capitula yellow. All the florets ligulate. y Pappus paleaceous. -Achenium smooth Os €. e Vo v4 m A, p. 920. Pappus soft. Achenium Srausversely rugose ,^— E 90004 ac Ay, p 237. Pappus soft. Achenium flattened, smooth... . . - - Sonchus, p. 227. XLIII. BRUNONIACEZ. Brunonia, p. 229. XLIV. GooDENOVIEZ. Fruit indehiscent. Calyx-limb 0. Ovary 1-celled, cell l-ovuled . . . . . . . Dampiera, p. 230. Fruit indehiscent. Calyx 5-lobed. Ovary 2—4-celled, cells l-ovuled. . . . . . . Scevola, p. 230. 12 FLORA OF TASMANIA. Fruit indehiscent. Calyx 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled, owe Fruit dehiscent, capsular. Calyx superior Fruit dehiscent, capsular. Calyx inferior XLV. STYLIDIEA. Corolla irregular. Column declinate . Corolla regular. Column erect XLVI. LOBELIACEZ. Lobelia, p. 236. XLVIII. ERICEZ. Calyx baccate. Capsules dry. Anthers 2-aristate Calyx simple. Fruit baccate XLIX. EPACRIDEZ. A. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, berry, or nut. Ovules solitary in each cell. 1. Fruit a 2-10-celled drupe. a. Corolla with 5 tufts of hairs inside at the base. Corolla-tube eylindric. Disc of 5 glands Corolla-tube ventricose. Disc cup-shaped B. Corolla naked inside at the base. Bracts removed from base of calyx Bracts appressed to calyx. Tube of corolla slender . . Tube of corolla infundibuliform or or eylindrie, Bracts numerous Bracts generally 2. Lobes of corolla each with a pencil of hairs at apex . Lobes of corolla villous and bearded 2. Fruit a drupe, 1-celled, 1-ovuled -3. Fruit a berry, with 5 nuts 4, Fruit a berry, with 10 nuts B. Fruit capsular, many-seeded. 1. Leaves not sheathing at the base. Bracts numerous. . Bracts 0. Anthers 2-celled. "Thats Ha Bracts D. Anthers l-celled. Placenta erect . 2. Leaves sheathing at the base. Corolla rotate. . . Corolla calyptrate. Calyx ee oe reales 0 Corolla calyptrate. Calyx bracteate. — scales 5, bilobed Corolla campanulate . L. OLEINEZ. Notelea, p. 268. . Selliera, p. 231. . Goodenia, 231. . Velleia, p. 233. . Stylidium, p. 234. . Forstera, p. 236. XLVII. CAMPANULACER. Wahlenbergia, p. 239. . Gaultheria, p. 240. . Pernettya, p. 242. . Styphelia, p. 243. . 4stroloma, p. 243. . Lissanthe, p. 247. . Stenanthera, p. 244. . Cyathodes, p. 244. . Acrotriche, p. 252. . Leucopogon, p. 248. . Monotoca, p. 252. . Pentachondra, p. 254. . Decaspora, p. 253. . Epacris, p. 256. . Prionotes, p. 262. . Archeria, p. 262. . Sprengelia, p. 264. . Cystanthe, p. 265. . Pilitis, p. 265. . Dracophyllum, TI. KEY TO THE GENERA. - 13 LI. APOCYNEE. Calyx eglandular, Drupeslor? |. . . . . +... + +. + + + + + +. 4lyzia,p. 209. Calyx glandular. Folie 8. . Nee oen n + . 5 Jona, p. 209, LII. GENTIANER. Corolla tubular or salver-shaped. Leaves opposite. Calyx-lobes keeled or winged. Styles 2. Anthers twisted . . . . + . . + Sebea, p. 270. Calyx-lobes even. Style 1. Anthers twisted . . . . . . . . + + + + . Brythrea, p. 210. Calyx-lobes even. Style 0. Anthers not twisted . . A Nu KREE Corolla rotate, its lobes bearded at the base. Leaves incl ts de . Villarsia, p. 272. Corolla rotate, its lobes glabrous. . . . „en » o «N DF 273 & Vol. II. p. 368. LIII. LOGANIACEE. Mitrasacme, p. 273. LIV. CONYOLVULACEZ. Calyx 5-partite, ebracteate or with small bracts. Leafless twining parasite . . Ces iw i env gg oe ow a in er S Tufted creeping herb, with uss seio $5 Age E cM do ST EL Slender prostrate herb, with infundibuliform ue DA, V0. 0o oo o NAM D. 376. Calyx 5-partite, with large bracts. . . . +. WN » s UNUM, p. 276. Colyx uen Sinead . . er RENT... ern Wilsonia, p. 216. LV. BoRAGINEX. Nuts 4, elliptic, perfectly smooth and shining . . . . . en oor or +. Myosotis, p. 218, Nuts 4, depressed, hispid or echingte . . » . - + + + + + + + + + « + Cynoglossum, p. 279. LVI. LABIATA. Ub Y E O Leaves opposite. Stamens 4, equal, exserted . . 005 . Mentha, p. 279. Stamens 4, the 2 upper filaments Virg Ge ER tips (nck en +. + o. Zycopus, p. 280. Stamens 4, unequal, Anther-lobes free, divaricating. Calyx with a broad, flat, adnate lobe on upper ip Pere S v. Diellaria, p. 282. Calyx upperlipsimple . . . . Du 9 4 24 ue. v. Primelia, p. 381, AnbedbbeRBeped]. . . . . e roc rr ttr Prostanthera, p. 283. Anther-lobes confluent. "Upper lip of corolla small, of 2 reflexed lobes . . . - . +. + + + s + Teucrium, p. 285. Upper lip of corolla very minute. . . PN ev. s... re. “el LVII. MyoPORINEZ. LVIII. SOLANEZ. Myoporum, p. 286. Solanum, p. 287. 2b 14 FLORA OF TASMANIA. LIX. SCROPHULARINEE. Leaves alternate . Leaves opposite. Stamens 2. Calyx 4-partite. en, Stamens 2, or if 4, upper filaments molut geben 5-partite Stamens 4, all fertile. Creeping herb. Style of 2 lamelle Scapigerous herb. Style of 2 lamelle . Creeping water-herb. Style of 1 lamella . Creeping water-herb. 1 sessile stigma Herbs, with long style and capitate stigma. Anther-cells not mucronate Anther-cells mucronate . > LX. LENTIBULARINEX. Calyx 2-lipped . Calyx 4-partite LXI. PRIMULACER. LXII. PLUMBAGINEZ. Samolus, 300. Statice, p. 301. LXIV. POLYGONEEZ. Perianth 6-lobed, in 2 rows, enlarging in fruit . Perianth 4-5-partite, lobes not enlarging Perianth 5-partite, baccate in fruit . LXV. PHuYTOLACCEA. Didymotheca, p. 309. LXVI. AMARANTHACEZ. Perianth 3-bracteate, plumose. Style long . Perianth 3-bracteate, glabrous. Style short Perianth 2-bracteate. Style short : LXVII. CHENOPODIACEÆ. Fleshy, leafless, jointed, saline herbs. Leafy herbs or shrubs. . Perianth 3-5-partite, ebracteate. Suffruticose. Seed adherent to utriculus Herbaceous. Seeds free Perianth of & 3-5-partite, dësen 9 SE with 2 lug bacb Perianth urceolate, baccate, truncate, gibbous Perianth urceolate, fleshy, 5-partite . . Anthocercis, p. 289. . Veronica, p. 293. . Gratiola, p. 291. . Mimulus, p. 289. . Mazus, p. 290. . Glossostigma, p. 292. . Limosella, p. 292. . Ourisia, p. 295. . Euphrasia, p. 296. . Utricularia, p. 298. . Polypompholyz, p. 300. LXIII. PLANTAGINEE. Plantago, p. 301. . Rumex, p. 305. . Polygonum, p. 306. . Muehlenbeckia, p. 307. . Trichinium, p. 310. . Alternanthera, p. 311. . Hemichroa, p. 312. . Salicornia, p. 316. . Rhagodia, p. 312. . Chenopodium, p. 313. . Atriplex, p. 314. . Threlkeldia, p. 315. . Sueda, p. 315. KEY TO THE GENERA. LXVIII. LAURINEZ. Cassytha, p. 317. LXIX. PROTEACEZ. Flowers in dense cones or heads. Cones ebracteate, cylindrical . Cones globose or oblong, with numerous E C ER Head a dense, involucrate corymb . Head a rather dense naked corymb . Flowers spiked. Perianth regular. Stamens on middle of segments. Hypogynous glands 0 . Stamens on middle of segments. Hypogynous glands 4 Stamens at base of segments. Hypogynous glands 4 . Stamens hypogynous. Hypogynous glands 0 Flowers racemose or axillary. Perianth regular Flowers racemose or axillary. Perianth irregular. Hypogynous gland 1 or 0. Style persistent. Ovules 2 Hypogynous gland 1. Style deciduous. Ovules 2 Hypogynous glands 3. Style persistent. Ovules many . LXX. THYMELEA. Stamens 4 Stamens 1-2. . LXXI. SANTALACER. Leafless trees or shrubs. Peduncle of fruit red, swollen . Leafless shrubs, with baccate fruit . Slender herb, with linear leaves . LXXII. EUPHORBIACEX. Flowers with calyx and corolla. Filaments combined Flowers with calyx and corolla. Filaments free Perianth single. Stamens numerous. Stigma sessile, discoid . Stamens numerous. Styles 3, bipartite Stamens 8. Styles 3, bipartite. . . Stamens 3-6. Filaments connate . Stamens 3-6. Filaments free . LXXIII. URTICEZ. Female perianth 4-5-partite. Stamens 4-5 . Female perianth tubular, 4-fid. Stamens 4-5 . . Female perianth tubular, mouth entire. Stamen 1 LXXIV. CvpuLirere. Fagus, p. 346. . Banksia, p. 328. . Tsopogon, p. 319. . Telopea, p. 327. . Conospermum, p. 318. . Agastachys, p. 320. . Orites, p. 325. . Cenarrhenes, p. 320. . Bellendena, p. 321. . Persoonia, p. 320. . Grevillea, p. 322. . Hakea, p. 323. . Lomatia, p. 327. . Drapetes, p. 330. . Pimelea, p. 330. . Exocarpus, p. 335. . Leptomeria, p. 336. . Thesium, p. 337. . Ricinocarpus, p. 338. . Poranthera, p. 342. . Beyeria, p. 339. . Phyllanthus, p. 341. . Micranthea, p. 341. . Urtica, p. 343. . Parietaria, p. 344. . Australina, p. 345. LXXV. CASUARINEZ. Casuarina, p. 347. 2b2 16 FLORA OF TASMANIA. LXXVI. CoNIFERZA. See Clavis of Genera, p. 351. MONOCOTYLEDONES. I. ORCHIDEA. See Clavis of Genera, Vol. II. p. 2; and add Dendrobium, from Supplement, p. 372. II. IRIDEZ. Perianth with a slender tube . . . | ET prot e re x c. + MIENNE D. BS. Perianth sessile on the ovary. Stamens 2, fertile "oso ns ES RR. e r > PRONG, D. 84. Perianth sessile on the ovary. Stamens 3, fertile . . . . . . . . - + « + Libertia, p. 35. III. HEMODORACEZ. IV. HYPOXIDEZ. Hamodorum, p. 35. Hypoxis, p. 36. V. HYDROCHARIDEA. VI. PISTIACEZE. VII. TYPHACEZ. Vallisneria, p. 37. x Lemna, p. 31. Typha, p. 38. VIII. ALISMACEZ. pee en OS Ga Dn o He o - + «+ Triglochin, p. 39. Perianth 4-leaved, naked . er o 9 nn... WPofamopelon, p. 41. Perianth 0, or scales. Flowers ES Sa 4, E'R a un e s s pia, D. 4B. Perianth 0, or scales. Flowers naked. Ovaries "RENE s S S. Ss. s. Zannichellia, p. 42. Perianth 0. Flowers in spathes. Way ts =; Vo... s. +. . Posidonia, p. 43. Perianth 0. Flowers naked, crowded on a fat dedi. — Es - + 0s . . Zostera, p. 44. Perianth 0. Flowers pedicelled, solitary, axillary, spathed. Stamens 2 . . - + + Cymodocea, p. 44. Perianth 0. Flowers in a diphyllous spathe. Stamens 3, with connate fluenta (0 + Halophila, p. 45. IX. MELANTHACEZ. Patianth supefiot. . «ww . 3 > Perianth inferior. Flowers umbellate Perianth inferior. Flowers spicate i Perianth inferior. Flowers solitary, CHEN . Campynema, p. 47. . Burchardia, p. 45. er +. + 5 Anguillaria, p. 46. pot ORO s. e NNNM, D. AT. X. SMILACER. Drymophila, p. 48. = XI. Litiacea. | Fruit capsular, dehiscent. Style 1. Ovary stipitate. Flowers large, red Flowers white, dense, in cylindric amenta . Flowers in small, peduncled capitula . Blandfordia, p. 49. . Xanthorrhea, p. 58. - Laxmannia, p. 59. KEY TO THE GENERA. 17 uwd o I BO Is Herpolirion, p. 54. Flowers solitary. Leafless twining herbs . eot ns ns s nn 5 s. 0. Záysenotus, p. 58. Flowers umbellate. Fruit of clavate 1-seeded M hen e. dta oid. fe dee, Y. 06. Flowers imbellis, un PME 0. Ll s uso oe wm Stypandra, p. 55 Flowers racemose or panicled, Flowers white or purple. Pedicel jointed in middle . . . . . . . . . . Arthropodium, p. 50. Flowers yellow. Pedicels not jointed . . € oos Sy woe dela! eee IO D. Bl. Flowers white or blue. Pedicels jointed at apex . . . . . . . 4 . . Cesia, p. 52. Fruit capsular, dehiscent. Styles3 . . IM a e LO Fruit indehiscent. Style 1. MEC clavate lobes ` i. eddie lc d Tricoryne, p. 54. Fruit a globular berry. Flowers blue. Filaments tumid. . . . . . . . . , Dianella, p. 56. Fruit an oblong berry. Flowers white. Filaments simple . . . . . . . . . Astelia, p. 60. XII. JuNcEX. Flowers onitan: ARS POR . i Sr. o EE Xerotes, p. 63. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anthers linear. Seeds many . . . . . . . . . . Juncus, p. 63. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anthers linear. Seeds8 . . . . . . . . . . 4. Luzula, p. 68. XIII. XYRIDÆ. Xyris, p. 69. XIV. RESTIACEZ. Perianth of 4—6 leaves or scales. Stamens 4-6 . . o. e i 10. Stamens 3. Flowers lidad o or oee er 3- Mud , . « Lepyrodia, p. 72. Stamens 3. Flowers fascicled or amentaceous. Ovary 1-locular. Perianth 8 Gene ie nut Leptocarpus, p. 12. Stamens 3. Flowers fascicled or amentaceous. Ovary 1-locular. Perianth 9 shorter than nut Hypolena, p. 74. Stamens 3. Flower solitary, axillary . . . . 2 2 . . . ==. « « Calorophus, p. 15. Perianth 0. Flowers in scales or spathes. Spike solitary, of distichous scales . . Ros c o on ME, D. 15. Capitulum solitary, with 2 spathes. Foros with t numerous pru 0:0... « Centrolepis, p. 76. Capitulum solitary. Flowers few, with 1 or 0 palea . . . . . . . . . . . Alepyrum, p. 77. Capitulum solitary, with a 4-leaved involucre . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trithuria, p. 78. XV. CYPERACEZ. I. Nut free, not enclosed in a flagon-shaped utriculus. A. Spikelets flattened, with many distichous scales. Hypogynous scales or bristles 0. All the scales equal and (generally) foriferous . < . . 2 . . . .. Cyperus, p. 79. Lower scales smaller, empty . . Re ré en IA: I B6. Hypogynous bristles 3 or more. Spikelets aggregated in a globose capitulum > 2222 . 2 2 . , Gymnoscheenus, p. 83. Spikelets solitary or fascicled . . ~ Chetospora, p. 81. B. Spikelets flattened or terete, with many diwi and weg REM all — 18 FLORA OF TASMANIA. Hypogynous scales or bristles 4 or more. Spikelets terminal, solitary .. .- .- .. .. e.e. .. eee eS Bleocharis, p. 85. Spikelets lateral, faseicled .. . i a dal Diui une in Weini qio 80. Hypogynous scales 0.. Scales of SCH EE s e E ET Hypogynous scales 0. Scales trifid or lobed . . . . . . 2 . . . . Chorizandra, p. 83. C. Flower solitary. (No spikelet) . . . . Oreobolus, p. 93. D. Spikelet of several scales, imbricating al SS but with SS 1- 3 Ga Hypogynous scales 6, minute, coriaceous . . je er ann). ... epidosperma, po 90. Hypogyasuédcales, lorie pamo A esis. Carpha, p. 84. Hypogynous scales 0. Filaments not elongated after flowering. Culms simple. ... . . . . Cladium, p. 94. Filaments not elongated after flowering. Culms branched ... . . . . Caustis, p. 98. Filaments 3-6, elongated and persistent. . . . . . ... . . . . Gahnia, p. 97. II. Nut enclosed in a flagon-shaped utriculus. : Utriculus with an exserted hooked bristle. - . 2.2... 2 2 2 2 2. Uneinia, p. 102. Utriculus without an exserted hooked bristle. . . . . . . . 2 d Carex, p. 98. XVI. GRAMINEA. I. Glumes 2, containing 1 flower. Spikelets in a dense soft eylindrie spike nn EN UE d - + . . Alopecurus, p. 109. Spikelets in a dense head bristling with awns . . . . . . . . . . . Echinopogon, p. 111. Spikelets panicled. Flowers stipitate, with one long rigid twisted terminal awn, jointed at the base . Sfipa, p. 109. Flowers shortly stipitate, with one long awn from below the apex of the as . Dichelachne, p. 111. Flowers stipitate, with 5 awns . . : . . Pentapogon, p. 112. Flowers sessile, with no awn, or a das one. AR uil bend £o n Us NONIS, p. 118: Flowers sessile, with no awn, or a dorsal one. ' Glumesawned . . . . Polypogon, p. 117. II. Glumes 2. Containing 2 or more flowers. All paleze ce or upper amy Spikelets alternate, spiked . . DS << Triticum, p. 128. Spikelets in a dense eylindrie diae ion e cce y eov O C MENS, TEE Spikelets panicled. Flowers 3-6, silky, remote, lowest “NW o SEU IB rus Phragmitis, p. 118. Flowers 3, 2 lateral 9 , intermediate Co. er are Hierochloe, p. 107. Flowers all (or always lower) hermaphrodite. Flowers 2-3, glabrous, shining. Lower palea awned above the base. . . -~ Deschampsia, p. 118. Flowers 2-3, puberulous. Lower palea bifid, with a twisted awn at the back . Trisetum, p. 119. Flowers 2-8. Lower palea (often with pencils of SC deeply bifid with a flattened (at base) twisted awn . . . Danthonia, p. 120. Flowers numerous, awnless. Cicas and palo blant. Bale 1 or 26 connate Glyceria, p. 122. "Flowers 2-8, awnless. Glumes and paleæ blunt. Squamule 2 . . . . . Poa, p. 123. Flowers 2-8. Glumes and paleze acute, lower often awned at apex . . . . Festuca, p. 126. ILI. Glumes 2, 1-2-flowered. Lower paleze empty. A. Spikelets panicled. Flowers sessile. Glumes 2, large, 1-flowered. Stamens 4. Zetrarrhena, p. 103. Flowers sessile. Glumes 2, small. Stamens4 . eror toe ors Microlena, p. 104. Flowers stipitate. Glumes 2, small. EE a Rus Diplax, p. 105. B. Spikelets sessile on a simple, slender-jointed rachis . . - + Hemarthria, p. 107. C. Spikelets collected into large globose spiny heads. (Rigid geen - Spinifex, p. 106. D. Spikelets in panicled fascicles with very — stout awns. (Kangaroo-grass) . . Anthistiria, p. 106. FLORA OF TASMANIA, Crass MONOCOTYLEDONES. Nat. Orb. I. ORCHIDEE. Onr of the most beautiful and interesting Natural Orders of Australia, abundant in the extratropical latitudes of that continent, and especially in Tasmania, but extremely rare in the tropical. The great ma- jority are terrestrial and tuberous-rooted, but there are a few epiphytical ones, all belonging to the tribe Vandee, on the warm and tropical eastern coasts, and one inhabits Tasmania which has been found no- where else. About 200 Australian Orchidee are known, which are, with few exceptions, endemic. The exceptions are Spiranthes australis (S. Nove-Zelandix, mihi), found in New Zealand, India, and other countries; a Prasophyllum, also found in New Zealand, where a Tasmanian species of Thelymitra and of Caladenia probably also occur, but these have not been satisfactorily identified. Considerably more than half the Australian Orchids, about 120 species, are confined to the east coast and Tasmania, about 60 being confined to the western, and 15 or 20 are common to the south-eastern and south-western quarters of the continent. Tasmania contains 74 species, all but 8 of which have been found on the neighbouring continent, though of these some are peculiar to it and south-western Australia. The difficulties attending the analysis and discrimination of the plants of this Natural Order are pro- verbially great, and the Tasmanian Orchids have proved proportionally more troublesome than any other Natural Order, partly from Mr. Brown having found few of them in Tasmania, and partly from Gunn’s splendid series of specimens being accompanied by fewer remarks than usual. On the other hand I have derived the greatest assistance from Mr. Archer’s drawings, notes, and specimens, as well as from his intimate acquaintance with the living plants; his beautiful drawings and dissections are, with his kind permission, and at his expense, lithographed for this Work by Mr. Fitch; and I can only add, that but for his having afforded me the benefit of his accurate knowledge of the species, I should in several cases have failed to discriminate them aright, and in other cases, where I had properly discriminated, to have selected their most important diagnostic characters. I am also greatly obliged to Dr. Lindley for his ever ready advice and assistance, and for the use of his Herbarium, containing all of Gunn’s collections that were published in his valuable ‘Genera and Species of Orchidee.’ VOL. I. | B 2 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. To facilitate the recognition of the Tasmanian Orchidee, 1 give a clavis of the genera, founded on the most prominent characters these present; but a tyro will find it exceedingly difficult to make out any satisfactorily until he has acquired some general knowledge of the majority. A. Anther deciduous, terminal. Pollen waxy. (Vandezx). 1. GUNNIA.—An epiphyte, with long, tortuous, aerial roots, distichous falcate leaves jointed near the base, and a simple raceme of yellow, sweet-scented flowers (p- 32). 2. DIPODIUM.—A terrestrial, leafless herb, with a large erect raceme of rose-coloured, spotted flowers. Sepals and petals revolute at the apex (p. 32). B. Anther deciduous, terminal. Pollen granular. (Gastrodiee.) | 3. GASTRODIA.—A leafless, dirty-white or pale-brown herb, with a fleshy tuberous root, a stem with sheath- ing scales, and few-flowered raceme of whitish drooping flowers, whose sepals and petals are united into a tubular, ventricose, 5-toothed perianth (p. 31). C. Anther deciduous, terminal. Pollen powdery. (Arethusez.) a. Labellum anticous. 4. MICROTIs.—Slender, erect herbs, with tuberous roots at the base of the stem, narrow linear leaves, crowded spikes of very minute green flowers (p. 24). 5. ACIANTHUS.—Small, slender, delicate plants, with long-pedicelled tubers at the base of the stem, one ses- sile cordate leaf on the stem, and a few racemose brownish flowers, with long points to the sepals and petals (p. 25). 6. CyRTOSTYLIS.— Similar to Acianthus, but with the column dilated at the apex (p. 25). 7. CHILOGLOTTIS.—Small herbs, with long underground roots, each terminating in a tuber; two sessile leaves at the base of the scape, and one (rarely two) terminal reddish-brown and green flower, whose labellum bears large, pedicelled, capitate, dark red-brown glands (p. 28). 8. ERIOCHILUS.—A very slender herb, with a long underground root terminated by a naked tuber, one ses- sile ovate leaf on the scape, and small greenish-white pubescent flowers, having the lateral sepals ungui- culate (p. 26). . ` 9. CALADENIA.—Slender, often beautiful herbs, mostly covered with glandular pubescence or long hairs, having a long underground root terminated by a coated tuber, one linear or oblong radical leaf, and a 1-2-flowered scape; flowers often large, with spreading narrow segments, and the labellum studded with pedicelled glands (p. 26). _ - GLOSSODIA.—Small pilose herbs, with the general characters of Caladenia, but differing in the labellum being sessile, having no glands, but an erect projection at the very base, close to the column (p- 31). . PTEROSTYLIS.—Pale-green, slender, often membranous herbs, with a long underground root terminated by a naked tuber, radical or alternate cauline leaves or none, and solitary or racemose green transparent flowers. Upper sepal galeate. Labellum irritable. Column very long, with auricled wings at the top, and the stigma halfway down its face (p. 18). - CORYSANTHES.—A small, singular-looking plant, with a long underground root terminated by a naked tuber; one sessile, broad, cordate leaf, and one almost sessile red-brown flower as large as the leaf, with a very large galeate dorsal sepal, and larger, cucullate, fimbriated labellum. Anther one-celled (p. 15). . BURNETTIA.—A very small, stout herb, 2 inches high, with a few alternate leaves, and one or two erect flowers, nearly equal sepals and petals, with involute margins, and a short, broadly-cuncate, papillose labellum (p. 16). B. Labellum posticous. 14. LYPERANTHUS.—A short, stout, rather fleshy herb, with a long underground root terminated by a naked tuber, several leaves at the base of the scape, and red-brown racemose flowers. Sepals spreading. La- bellum posticous, with crenulate margins (p. 16). T © ren kel — to — e Orchidee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 3 15. CALEANA.—An erect, slender herb, with a fibrous underground root terminated by a naked tuber, one linear leaf, a long scape, few rather large fuscous-green flowers, which have the irritable labellum shaped like a hammer, with the head placed over the flower (p. 8). D. Anther persistent, at the back of and parallel to the column, or sunk in a deep notch of the column, its apex point- ing forwards and upwards. Pollen powdery. (Neottiex.) a. Labellum anticous. 15. THELYMITRA.—Stout or slender herbs, with one linear leaf, and one- or a few-flowered raceme of flowers, whose petals, sepals, and labellum are nearly equal and similar: the labellum without glands (p. 3). 16. DIURISs,—Generally tall, slender herbs, with several linear radical leaves and few-flowered racemes, linear lateral sepals placed below the three-lobed labellum, and a petaloid staminodium on each side of the base of the column (p. 6). 17. CALOCHILUS.—A stout, erect herb, with leafy stem, a spike generally of reddish-brown flowers, which have the labellum beautifully fringed with long purple hairs (p. 14). 18. SPIRANTHES.—A slender, leafy herb, with a few linear leaves, and twisted spike of small pink flowers B. Labellum posticous. 19. PRASOPHYLLUM.—Slender or stout herbs, leafy or leafless, bearing two sessile coated tubers, and spikes of small greenish-yellow or purple flowers. Column short, with the margins expanded into staminodia (p. 9). 20. CRYPTOSTYLIS.— A tall, slender herb, with one radical, petioled, linear-lanceolate, coriaceous leaf, and a few-flowered spike of rather large red-brown flowers (p. 8). Tribe I. NxorriEx. Gen. I. THELYMITRA, Forst. Perianthium regulare, foliolis omnibus (labello incluso) conformibus. Zabellum sessile, nudum. Co- lumna bifida, cucullata, trifida, lobo medio emarginato v. trifido, lateralibus porrectis crenatis v. in appen- dicem apice plumosam productis. Anthera persistens, lobo medio columns inserta, stigmate libero paral- lela, inclusa v. semiexserta, bilocularis. Pollinia 4, stigmatis glandule affixa.—Herbe ; radicibus plerumgue bitubereulatis ; folio lineari (rarius lanceolato), sepissime solitario ; scapo 2-3-bracteato, apice 1-6-floro ; floribus albis ceruleis carneis purpurascentibus flavidisve, sub sole apertis, tempore nehuloso clausis. This genus may be distinguished at once by the segments of the perianth and sessile labellum being nearly all equal and similar, and by the column forming a rather membranous hood, which encloses the suberect anther. It abounds in extratropical Australia and New Zealand, but is very rare in tropical Australia, and, except one species found in the lofty mountains of Java, none are known to inhabit other countries but those mentioned, though some will no doubt be found in New Caledonia, etc. In the ‘New Zealand Flora’ I have alluded to the extreme diffi- culty, if not impossibility, of characterizing the forms of the genus in that country, and there is not less difficulty with regard to some of the Australian ones. Of these Brown enumerates ten, and Lindley twenty-nine (including Macdonaldia). The Tasmanian species, of which Brown had one only, may be reckoned at seven, according to Mr. Archer's and my opinion. Of these, four belong to the very distinct section Macdonaldia, which has no plumose appendages to the column, and are very distinct from one another (though it is sometimes difficult to discriminate dried speci- cimens of T. carnea and T. venosa from small forms of T. nuda and irioides). The other three are all extremely variable in size and many minor points, but are, I think, easily referable to T. nuda, angustifolia, and ürioides. Of these three species, 7. irioides has the middle lobe of the column truncate, trifid, laciniated, or crested, and shorter than the lateral feathery lobes; in 7. nuda it is hooded, notched or bilobed, and higher than the lateral 4 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Orchidee. feathery lobes ; and in 7. angustifolia it is somewhat similar, but with the lobes crenate. The two former of these vary extremely in size and habit, from a slender, thread-like, one-flowered herb, 6 inches high, to a tall, stout herb, 18-24 inches high, with six or seven flowers. The other species (T. angustifolia) does not vary so much in form and stature, being usually larger, stouter, and with larger flowers and leaves, but a good deal in the apex of the column, whose lobes are crenate, toothed, or fimbriate, long or short, broad or narrow, and whose lateral lobes with feathery apices are sometimes quite erect, and much longer than at others. How far a local botanist may be able to discriminate some of these forms of izioides and nuda in various parts _ of the colony (and in South-eastern Australia, where they are all very abundant), it is impossible for me to say; but, after a very diligent study of the column of all Gunn's specimens, and of a most beautiful selected series of Archer's, accompanied with coloured drawings, and dissections of varieties of them, both Mr. Archer and myself have come to the conclusion that the above is a near approximation to the actual number of well-marked forms existing in Tasmania. (Name from GeAvpurpa, in allusion to the hooded column ; that of Macdonaldia was given in honour of Mrs. Macdonald Smith.) $ 1. MACDONALDIA.— Column bifid at the apex, its sides not produced into toothed or Jeathery arms. Anther projecting, generally more or less granular or villous. 1. Thelymitra antennifera (Hook. fil.); caule flexuoso 1-2-floro, floribus amplis flavis, columne apice bifido lobis carnosis cuneato-obcordatis purpureis, lateralibus nullis, anthera acuminata villosa.— Macdonaldia antennifera, Lindl. Bot. Reg. App. n. 217. 4.9 C.; Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 385; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 4. (Tas. CI. A.) Has. Moist ground near Georgetown, Archer.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) Disrris. South coast of Australia, from Victoria to Swan River, slender, the scape with a double flexure, and two lanceolate bracts, one below each flexure.—Leaf narrow, linear. Floral bracts obtuse. Flowers 3-1 inch across, pale or ich is produced into two small purple obcordate append- linear-oblong to broadly elliptical-oblong, acute or almost » section of leaf; 2, side view of column ; 3, front view of ditto; 4, the same, verti- cally cut; 5, hairs of anther :—a7/ magnified. 2. Thelymitra Smithiana (Hook. fil.) ; caule flexuoso 1-2-floro, floribus parvis flavis, column apicis lobis 2 brevibus rotundatis, lateralibus nullis, anthera obtusa villosa.—Macdonaldia concolor, Gunn, MSS.; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. App. n. 211. t.9 B. ; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ìi. 4; Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 385. Thelymitra concolor, Lindi. Le. T. flexuosa, Endl. Decad. 29. (Gunn, 945.) (Tas. CI. B.) Has. Sandy soil near Circular Head, Mrs. Smith ; Georgetown, abundant, Archer.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) Distri. South-western Australia. Similar in habit to 7. antennifera, and with the same double flexure of the scape, are longer, almost leafy, and the flowers very much smaller, not 2 inch across. —Segmen tinged with pink externally. Apex of column with two blunt lobes. section of leaf; 2, lateral, and 3, front view of column; 4, hairs of a but the bracts on the scape ts of the perianth pale-yellow, Anther villous, blunt.—PraATE CI. B. Fig. 1, nther :—all magnified. 3. Thelymitra venosa (Br. Prodr. 314); caule strictiusculo 1—3.floro, floribus cyaneis venosis, perianthio connivente, column apicis lobis linearibus involutis, lateralibus nullis, anthera apice biloba basi papillosa.—Macdonaldia cyanea e£ M. venosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. App. 217; Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 386. (Gunn, 938, 944.) (Tas. CIL 4.) Has. Moist ground, flooded in winter. Circular Head and Rocky Cape, Gunn ; Cheshunt and Port Sorrell, Areker.— (Fl. Dec.) | en Orchidee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. DisrRrs. New South Wales and Victoria. A very different-looking species from the preceding, larger, taller, with more campanulate bright blue flowers, the scape usually without flexures.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Bracts two, appressed, with short laminæ; upper outer segment of perianth shorter than the inner, two lower longer. Lip obovate, rather expanded. . Column with its bifid apices linear, involute, notched at the tips. Anther with an acuminate bifid apex and papillose base.— This varies with white and blue flowers. Lindley describes 7. venosa, from Bauer's drawings, as having serrulate seg- ments of the perianth; this is not the case with my Sydney specimens, but Archer tells me that the lip has some- times small notches along the margin. The Australian specimens have sometimes six flowers, each nearly an inch across. —PLATE CII. 4. Fig. 1, section of leaf; 2, side, 3, back 4, front views of column; 4, papille of anther: —all magnified. § 2. Column three-lobed at the apex, the middle lobe notched or entire, the lateral projecting forwards and crenulate. 4. Thelymitra carnea (Br. Prodr. 519); caule gracili subflexuoso 1-3-floro, floribus roseis parvis, column apice triloba: lobo medio rotundato crenulato lateralibus porrectis carnosulis crenato-dentatis ver- rucosisque, anthera subacuta.—Lind/. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 519. (Gunn, 756, 757.) (Tas. CII. B.) Has. Near Hobarton, Gunn; Georgetown and Cheshunt, Archer.— (Fl. Dec.) Distrıg. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. A. small, slender species, a span to 18 inches high, with the scape strict, or having a strong double flexure, bearing one narrow-linear leaf at the base, and two closely appressed bracts. Flowers two or three, flesh- or rose- coloured, small, 4 inch across. Segments of perianth acute. Column with a three-lobed apex, the middle lobe trun- cate or rounded, crenulate, the lateral projecting forwards and upwards, rather thick, toothed and warted. Anther short, blunt.—Except by wanting the feathery apices of the lateral lobes of the column, I cannot distinguish dried specimens of this from small ones of 7. izioides and T. nuda.—Prare CII. B. Fig. 1, section of leaf; 2, side, and 3, front view of column; 4, basis of anther :—all magnified. $ 3. Column three-lobed at the top, the lateral lobes produced into feathery arms, the middle lobe trifid or notched. Anther wholly hidden in the column. 5. Thelymitra nuda (Dr. Prodr. 314); caule strictiusculo 1-10-floro, floribus pallide czeruleis roseisve, columnze apice 3-lobz lobo intermedio fornicato rotundato bifido v. emarginato margine integer- rimo laterales breviter porrectos plumosos superante, anthera inclusa apice rotundata apiculata.—T. pau- ciflora, Br. /. c. T. arenaria, versicolor eí graminea, Tindi. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 519-521. (Gunn, 58, 935, 942, 101 in part, 940, 943, 937.) (Tas. CIII. A.) Var. 8; columnze lobo intermedio truncato crenulato.—An species distincta ? Haz. Abundant throughout the Colony, in various soils and localities. —(Fl. Nov.—Jan.) (v. v.) DisraIB. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia; New Zealand? Stems usually a foot high, and three- to six-flowered, but of all degrees of stoutness and slenderness, and sometimes 2 feet high, at others 6 inches. Flowers a pale delicate blue, tinged with pink, or passing into pink. Column dark purple-towards the apex; the middle and lateral lobes generally yellow; the middle lobe rounded, notched, or bifid, its margins more or less inflexed, quite entire; lateral lobes short, more or less feathery. For the var. 8 I am indebted to Mr. Archer: it may prove a distinct species, but we have very few specimens.—PLATE CII. 4. Fig. 1, lateral, and 2, front view of column; 3, anther; 4, hair of column :—all magnified. 6. Thelymitra angustifolia (Br. Prodr. 314); caule robusto stricto 4—10-floro, floribus pallide ceruleis, columns apice trilobe lobo intermedio fornicato rotundato emarginato v. bifido margine lacero fimbriato laterales breviter porrectos plumosos superante, anthera inclusa obtusa breviter apiculata.— T. aristata, Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. T. grandis, Müller. (Gunn, 101 in part, 941, 939.) VOL. II. C 6 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Orchidee. Haz. Sandy soil at Welcome River, Circular Head, etc., not uncommon, Lawrence, Archer, Gunn.— (Fl. Nor.) DistriB. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. I am indebted to Mr. Archer for discriminating my specimens of this species, which were much intermixed with 7. nuda. It is distinguished by being generally a large, very stout plant, sometimes 3 feet high; it has a large radical leaf, large loose sheathing bracts on the scape, large pale unspotted flowers: the middle lobe of the column is arched, notched or bifid, with deeply crenate or fimbriate margins; it usually overtops the lateral feathery lobes: the anther is blunt, with a short, stout apiculus.—Brown's specimens in the British Museum are very small and slender, though not more so than many of ours, and we rely-on the description of the lobes of the column for the identification of our plant with his. 7. Thelymitra ixioides (Smith, Exot. Bot. i. t. 29); caule strictiusculo 1-18-floro, floribus pal- lide ceruleis maculatis, columns apice truncate lobis lateralibus longe porrectis plumosis intermedio trifido dentato v. fimbriato longioribus, anthera inclusa acuminata.— Br. Prodr. 314; Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 522. T. juncifolia, Zindl. le. T. iridoides, Sieb. P. Nov. Holl. 168. T. lilacina, Müller. (Gunn, 935, 936, 939.) (Tas. CIII. B.) Has. Abundant throughout the Colony.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Swan River. Similar in general appearance and habit to T. nuda, and presenting as great varieties in size, stature, slender- ness of stem, and size and number of flowers, but the latter are paler and spotted with black; it is at once distin- guished by the truncate top of the column, which does not terminate in a rounded hood which overtops the lateral lobes. The middle lobe of the column is trifid ; the three inner segments are of very irregular form and size, but the two lateral are generally the longest, and all are more or less toothed, cut, or fimbriate. The lateral lobes of the column, which have feathery tips, almost invariably point more upwards than in 7. nuda, and usually consi- derably overtop the truncate middle lobe. Anther with a long point.—PrATE CIII. B. Fig. 1, lateral, and 2, front view of column :—¿oth magnified. Gen. II. DIURIS, Smith. Perianthium ringens. Sepala inferiora linearia, labello supposita, supremum latius subfornicatum. Petala patentia, unguiculata. Zabellum sessile, trilobum, ecalcaratum. Columna brevis, utrinque lobo petaloideo (staminodio) laterali stipata. Anthera mutica, stigmati parallela, persistens, bilocularis. Pol- linia 2, biloba.—Herbee glabre ; caulibus basi tuberibus duobus oblongis sessilibus terminatis ; foliis radi- calibus linearibus, paucis v. pluribus ; scapo vaginato, apice 1—4-floro ; pedunculatis, majusculis, plerumque luteis Purpureo-maculatis, mosis. bracteis magnis ; floribus longe rarius albis Purpureisve, paucis, laze race- The species of this genus are generally handsome, and always variable, especially in the breadth and colour of the segments of the perianth, and their markings. About twenty species are known, all Australian, and chiefly natives of South-eastern Australia; only one is tropical.— Flowers yellow in all the Tasmanian species ; two lower sepals linear (often green), placed below the three-lobed, spurless, sessile lip dages, which are deformed stamens, and answer to the feathery lateral lobes from Ae, two, and ovpos, a tail ; in allusion to the long, narrow lateral sepals.) 1. Diuris maculata (Smith, Exot. Bot. t. 30); foliis 1-2 anguste linearibus lanceolatis filiformi- busve scapo 2-5-floro brevioribus, floribus aureis purpureo-variegatis, sepalis inferioribus labello longiori- bus, petalis longe unguiculatis obovato-orbiculatis rhombeisve, labelli basi bicarinati laciniis subzequalibus Orchidee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 7 obcuneatis, staminodiis falcatis acutis antice serratis.— Br. Prodr. 915. Bot. Mag. 3156. D. curvifolia, Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 507. (Gunn, 343.) (Tas. CIV. B.) Has. Very abundant in pastures and loose forests throughout the Colony.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Distrıs. New South Wales and Victoria. A most common and extremely variable plant, which I vainly attempted, when in Tasmania, to find constant characters for; it varies in height from 4-12 inches, in the leaves being very narrow, linear-subulate or linear- lanceolate, in the scape being two- to ten-flowered, in the flowers being from ¿ to 1 inch across the petals (rarely more), and extremely in the narrowness of the petals and their spots, in the comparative size and shape of the seg- ments of the lip, in the length of the two lower linear sepals, which are generally much longer than the lip, and cross over one another, but are at other times free and straight, and a little in the form and toothing of the lateral lobes of the column. As a species it may be known by the stipitate broad petals, and equally three-lobed lip, which has two prominent ridges at the base.—PrATE CIV. B. Fig. 1 and 2, front and side view of lip; 3 and 4, front and back view of column :—all magnified. 2. Diuris palustris (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 507) ; parvula, foliis 6-8 anguste linearibus scapo 2-3-floro fere eguantibus, floribus aurantiacis purpureo-variegatis, sepalis inferioribus petalis lanceolatis duplo longioribus, labelli basi obscure bicarinati lobis egualibus intermedio subplicato, staminodiis falcatis acutis antice serratis. (Guan, 933.) Has. Marshy ground near Hobarton, Circular Head, etc., Backhouse, Gunn. Port Dalrymple, Pat- terson.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. Victoria and South Australia. A small species, rarely more than 4 inches high, with numerous narrow-linear, almost filiform radical leaves, shorter than the two- or three-flowered scape.— Peduncles 3-1 inch long. Flowers small, 3 inch across; the petals very dark-coloured, of a deep orange, almost obscured by dark purple-red blotches. Lower sepals longer than in D. maculata, and petals narrower. 9. Diuris sulphurea (Br. Prodr. 316); foliis 2-3 anguste linearibus scapo 2-4-floro dimidio bre- vioribus, floribus aureis purpureo-maculatis, sepalis inferioribus petalis spathulato-lanceolatis longioribus, labelli basi ecarinati lobo intermedio lateralibus duplo triplo majore, staminodiis falcatis latere sublobatis acuminatis.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 509. (Gunn, 342, 932.) (Tab. CIV. A.) Has. Common in many parts of the Colony.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. A larger and handsomer plant than D. maculata, further easily recognized by the paler, less-blotched flowers, by the labellum not having two elevated ridges at its base, and by the middle lobe being larger, and generally more than twice as large as the lateral. The majority of my specimens are a foot to 18 inches high, and the flowers are 1-14 inch across the petals; the upper sepal is trulliform, with a very short claw, and two spots on each side of the middle ; the two lower are linear, and vary from as long as to twice as long as the lip: they rarely cross one another ; the petals are golden-yellow, with a deep purple-brown claw, and the labellum golden-yellow, blunt, with a prominent mesial line corresponding with a canal on the lower surface, have two large blotches on each side of the middle lobe, one small transverse one across the middle nearer its base, and mottled or clouded lateral lobes ; these mark- ings are however variable in size and shape.—PraTE CIV. 4. Fig. 1, dorsal sepal; 2, petal; 3, lateral, and 4, front view of labellum; 5, front, and 6, back view of column :—all magnified. 4. Diuris corymbosa (Lindl. Swan River Bot. n. 228) ; foliis 2-3 linearibus ensiformibusque scapo 2-4-floro brevioribus, floribus flavo-purpureis, sepalis lateralibus petalis spathulatis subzequantibus, labelli lobis subzequalibus intermedio obcuneato basi ecarinato, staminodiis falcatis crenatis.— Lind/. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 511. An P. aurea, Br. Prodr. 316? (Gunn, 342, anno 1835, 931.) (Tas. CV. B.) 8 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. Has. Common in the northern parts of the Colony, as at Circular Head, Emu Bay, Georgetown, ete., Gunn, Archer.— (Yl. Sept., Oct.) Distri. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. Similar in habitat and general characters to the preceding species, but of a duller colour.—Flowers of the same size as those of J). sulphurea, or rather larger, sometimes more than 13 inch across the petals; upper sepal of a dirty yellow, suffused with dull-red, broadly ovate. Petals dull yellow, faintly clouded with red. Labellum with three nearly equal lobes, or with the middle one rather the largest, and obcuneate, rounded, truncate or emarginate at the tip, without any prominent ridge or keel.—Prarg CV. B. Fig. 1, labellum :—magmified. 5. Diuris pedunculata (Br. Prodr. 316); foliis 3-5 linearibus scapo 1-4-floro brevioribus, floribus pallidis, perianthio connivente, sepalis lateralibus labello appressis porrectis, petalis elliptico-lanceolatis, labelli lobis lateralibus rarius crenatis intermedio trullaeformi acuta medio carina duplici pubescente instructo. —D. lanceolata, Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 508. (Gunn, 609, 934.) (Tas. CV. 4.) Has. Abundant in moist places near Hobarton, and other parts of the Island.— (Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. A very different species from any of the foregoing, but extremely variable. It is at once recognized by the pale-yellow horizontal flowers, whose perianth appears compressed from above, and not spreading, and the labellum has a double downy ridge down the centre: it is one of the earliest spring flowers.— Very variable in height, 4—10 inches. Zeaves rather numerous, very slender. Flowers generally one or two, but sometimes four, on long pedun- cles, 3-13 inch long, including the ovary; upper sepal short, narrow, oblong or broadly ovate, pointing forwards, and parallel to the lip ; lateral sepals placed close below the lip, linear, straight or curved, as long or longer than the lip. Petals pointing forward, narrow or broad, elliptical, about as long as the lip, with short purplish claws. Lip with two small erenate lateral lobes, like auricles, at the base of the larger lobe, which is plane, triangular- ovate, acute, points forwards, and is very variable in length.—PraTE CV. 4. Fig. 1, dorsal sepal; 2, petal; 3, labellum; 4, column :—all magnified. Gen. TII. CRYPTOSTYLIS, Br. E Sepala patentia, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata. Petala consimilia sed minora. Zabellum magnum, posticum, sessile, indivisum ; basi concava, columnam brevissimam occultante. Stigma ovatum. margo membranacea, lacera. Anthera stigmati parallela, obtusa, bilocularis. Herbs; bulbis teretibus, fascieulatis, subarticulatis ; folio radicali petiolato, lineari-lanceolato, coriaceo, reticulato ; floribus scapum vaginatum terminantibus, spicatis, sordide rufis, majusculis. Columna Pollinia 4, pulverea.— The species of this genus, of which three are described, are all Australian herbs, but are so closely allied to some East Indian and Malayan Island plants (Zosterostylis, Bl.), brought into the same genus.— Flowers rather large, dusky strongly net-veined when dry. Roots fascicled, of thick, herb, 10-24 inches high, with one rather coriaceous, erect, rather stout, with a few distant, short, sheathing of an inch broad. Ovary curved, slender, dirty yellow-green, almost an inch long. (2. e. posticous), pointing forward, its face looking downward broadly-obovate three medial ridges terminating in a double tubercle towards the apex, dirty reddish-brown. Column very short, hidden in the cucullate base of the lip, its margins expanded, membranous, and torn. (Name from KPUTTOS, CON- cealed, and oruXos, a column.) flat, radical, linear-lanceolate leaf on a long petiole. Scape bracts. Flowers three to eight, rather distant, sessile, upwards 3 inch long, about twice as long as the bracts. Sepals narrow-linear, colour. Zip superior , oblong, blunt, margins recurved, with Orchidee.) . FLORA OF TASMANIA. | 9 1. Cryptostylis longifolia (Br. Prodr. 317); folio longe petiolato lineari-oblongo v. lanceolato, floribus porrectis, labello obovato-oblongo marginibus recurvis, axi 3-carinato, carinis in processum callo- sum bilobum desinentibus.— Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 445; Bauer, Ill. Gen. Orchid. t. 17 et 18; Endl. Jeonogr. t. 17 ; Plant. Preiss. ii. 11. Malaxis subulata, Lad. Nov. Holl. t. 212. (Gunn, 358.) (Tan. CVIII. A.) Has. Marshy places in sandy soil: Circular Head, Gunn; Port Sorrell, Garrett’s Sugar-loaf, and east side of Meander River, Archer.—(Fl. Feb.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. Prate CVIII. 4. Fig. 1, labellum; 2, side, and 3, front view of column; 4, front view of anther and pollen : —all magnified. Gen. IV. PRASOPHYLLUM, Br. Perianthium ringens. Sepala lateralia postica, distincta v. basi coherentia. Petala insequilateralia, sepalis subzequalia. Labellum posticum, unguiculatum, ascendens, indivisum, ecalcaratum, seepius lamina adnata margine libera auctum. Co/wmna basi utrinque laciniis lateralibus (staminodiis) suffulta. Anthera mutica, antica, loculis approximatis. Pollinia 2, biloba, apicibus stigmatis affixa.—Herbze terrestres, glabra ; tuberibus indivisis ; folio radicali, lineari, basi vaginato, tereti-fistuloso, rarius brevissimo; floribus parvis, rufescentibus flavidis viridibus fuscisve, dense v. laxe spicatis. À large genus of very variable plants, confined, so far as is at present known, to Australia and the New Zea- land Islands. The species may readily be recognized by their coated bulbs, which are not pedicelled, solitary fistu- lar leaves, and spike of small flowers, which have the labellum above. Mr. Archer has made a detailed study of the Tasmanian species, and 1 have gladly availed myself of his arrangement and characters of the species; these appear to me good, though I must own it is not possible to find in all the dried specimens of any species all the characters we agree in considering to be the diagnostics of that species : still the difficulties are not nearly so great in this genus as in Microtis and Thelymitra. The genus Genoplesium, founded by Brown upon a drawing of Bauer's, we have included in Prasophyllum, with an amended character, Bauer appearing to us to have confounded the petals with the staminodia, though we must confess that it is difficult to understand how he came to do so; as however the different views of these organs, as represented by Bauer, are not consistent with one another, we are unavoidably compelled to suspect some error.—(Name from rpacov, a leek, and $vAXov, a leaf.) CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM. 1. EUPRASOPHYLLUM.—Sepala et petala eegualia. Labellum breviter unguiculatum. Columna sepalo dorsali non adnata. Staminodia simplicia v. basi tantum lobulata. Anthera mutica. Folium plerumque scapo segui- longum. A. Labellum ultra medium repente angustatum ; margine non undulato. l. Sepala lateralia ssepius connata. Flores virides, odorati. Folium elongatum . . P. alpinum. 2. Sepala lateralia libera. Flores sepius fusci, inodori; sepalis EUN angustis. Folium elongatum . . P. fuscum, Br. B. Labellum ultra medium sensim Y HN unduli€în. a. Sepala lateralia plus minusve connata. * Ovarium elongatum, cylindricum, bractea paulo longius. 3. Staminodia linearia, membranacea. Folium scapum equans . . . . . . . P. australe. 4. Staminodia brevia. Folium breve . . e xe wo ow f S, ** Ovarium turgidum, pedicellatum ; bractea dh - Y 5. Sepala lateralia basi non saccata. Folium breve. . . pa a ade MO VOL. II. D 10 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. 6. Sepala lateralia basi saccata. Folium be sw AS A B. Sepala lateralia libera. T. Sepala lateralia apicem versus unidentata. Zadelli lamella adnata, apice abrupte — EE E EE ee qoc 8. Sepala lateralia apice integra. Zabelli lamina adnata, bicarinata, apice evanida . P. patens. 2. GENOPLESIUM.—Sepala lateralia postico longiora. Labellum longius unguiculatum. Columna sepalo dorsali adnata. Staminodia bifida. Anthera rostrata. Aphylle, tuberibus apice vaginatis, scapo superne 1-bracteato. A. Labelli margo integra v. erosa, non fimbriata. 9. Bractea a spica remota. Flores horizontales. Sepala lateralia basi saccata. Sta- minodia subeequaliter bifida —.. . . . . , . . |. sos +e s s P.brachystachyum. 10. Bractea basin spice attingens. Flores horizontales. Sepala lateralia basi non ` saccata. Staminodia subeequaliter bifida i Y ovv v ÓN ll. Bractea a spica remota. Flores curvi, perianthio deflexo. Sepala lateralia basi non aut vix saccata. Staminodia subulata, falcato-incurva . baw . P. despectans. B. Labelli margo fimbriata. 12. Flores horizontales, pauci. Sepala lateralia basi non saccata. Labelli lamina adnata, simplex. Staminodia biloba, lobo inferiore A Po rokeri. 13. Flores numerosi, ascendentes v. suberecti. Sepala lateralia basi saccata. Labelli lamelle adnate 2, parallele. Staminodia biloba, lobo inferiore vix fimbriato . P. nudum. A. EUPRASOPHYLLUM.—Sepals and petals nearly equal. Labellum with a short claw. Anther sessile, blunt. $ 1. Lateral sepals united throughout their length, or nearly so. l. Prasophyllum australe (Br. Prodr. 318); folio scapum robustum squante, spica multiflora elongata, bracteas acutas ovario gracili cylindraceo 4 breviores, floribus fuscis, sepalis lateralibus connatis, labelli apice attenuati margine undulato, lamella adnata distincta marginibus membranaceis, staminodiis lineari-elongatis membranaceis antheram superantibus.—Lind/. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 514. 4n P. elatum, Br.? (Gunn, 921.) Has. Abundant at Circular Head and Rocky Cape, in poor soil, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Distrrs. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. A tall, stout, dark reddish-brown or purplish species, 1-2 feet high, with a leaf as long as the scape, a spike of many, crowded, dark-coloured flowers, large for the genus, slender ovaries, lateral sepals cuneate (rarely free), and very long, narrow, white, membranous staminodia. I have seen no authentic specimen of this, but 1 have of Brown's P. elatum, the staminodia of which precisely accord with those of our plant. 2. Prasophyllum lutescens (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 514) ; folio caulem subrobustum eeguante, bracteis acuminatis ovariis gracilibus pedicellatis brevioribus, sepalis acuminatis lateralibus cuneatis, petalis acuminatis undulatis, labelli basi saccati medio recurvi apice attenuati marginibus undulatis, lamella adnata distincta, staminodiis lineari-oblongis falcatis recurvis. (Tas. CX. 2.) Dec.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. A rather stout, yellowish-green species, 10-18 inches high, with a leaf as long as the scape.—Flowers rather numerous. Sepals and petals acuminate, somewhat undulated ; lateral sepals united. Zip undulate, with a saccate base, and large lamella with free margins. Staminodia linear-oblong, recurved.—PLATE CX. B. Fig. 1, flower; 2, labellum; 3, back, and 4, front view of column ; 5, pollen :—a// magnified. ‚Orchidee. FLORA OF TASMANIA. 11 3. Prasophyllum brevilabre (Hook. fil.); folio scapo gracili »quilongo, floribus laxe spicatis, ovariis pedicellatis turgidis, bracteis minimis pedicellos subeeguantibus, sepalis subacutis lateralibus cuneatis petalisque obtusis, labello elongato basi subsaccato medio refracto, lamella adnata crassiuscula marginibus undulatis, staminodiis lineari-oblongis falcatis recurvis obtusis.— P. lutescens, var. 8. brevilabris, Zindl. Le (Gunn, 923.) (Tas. CX. 4.) Haz. Rocky Cape, in wet places, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrriB. Victoria. But for the remarkable difference in the ovary and bracts of this species, I should not have ventured to have separated it from P. lutescens. In this however the ovaries are shorter, very turgid, distinctly pedicelled, and the minute bracts are hardly longer than the pedicels. The whole plant is also smaller, has fewer and more distant flowers, the sepals and petals are blunter, and the labellum is sharply doubled back on itself at about the middle. Gunn remarks that the labellum is shorter, as well as more acutely reflexed : the latter character I observe to be the case, but I think the shortness is the resulting appearance.—PLATE CX. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2, labellum; 3, side view of labellum and column; 4, front view of column; 5 pollen :—all magnified. 4. Prasophyllum flayum (Br. Prodr. 318); caule robusto folioque brevissimo atro-purpureo, spica multiflora, floribus luride viridibus, bracteis acuminatis ovariis cylindraceis brevioribus, sepalis dorsalibus connatis lateralibus petalisque subacutis, labello basi non saccato breviusculo recto v. vix recurvo apice attenuato marginibus undulatis, lamella adnata crassiuscula, staminodiis brevibus obtusiusculis. (Tas. CIX. 4.) Has. In marshy ground: Cheshunt, Archer ; Huon River, O/dfie/d.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrarB. New South Wales. I have examined two specimens of this plant, which varies from 10-18 inches high, and is more or less robust, and when dry deep purplish-black. It is very similar to P. australe, but may be known from it by the very short leaf, and from others by the slender ovaries, with acute bracts about half their length, the cuneate lateral sepals, short, nearly straight labellum, not saccate at the base, with undulate margins, and short, small staminodia.— Prare CIX. 4. Fig. 1, side, and 2, front view of flower; 3, labellum; 4, side, and 5, front view of column :—all magnified. $ 2. Lateral sepals free (except in P. alpinum and rostratum). Labellum not suddenly contracted at the apex. 5. Prasophyllum patens (Br. Prodr. 318); pallide viride, folio caulem elatum æquante v. supe- rante, floribus laxe spicatis majusculis patulis, ovariis turgidis pedicellatis, bracteis parvis obtusis pedi- cellos vix superantibus, sepalis subacutis lateralibus liberis apice raro dentatis, labelli late ovato-lanceolati reflexi marginibus late undulatis, lamella adnata crassa bilamellata apice evanescente, staminodiis suberectis faleatis apice truncatis integris emarginatisve.—P. truncatum, Lindl. l.c. 513. (Gunn, 352, 926, 927.) (Tas. CXI.) Has. Abundant in moist ground throughout the Island.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. After a laborious examination of very many specimens, I find myself quite unable to distinguish all Gunn’s specimens of P. truncatum from P. patens. Archer however, in his notes and drawings, distinguishes two species by the form of the adnate lamella on the surface of the labellum, that of P. patens gradually subsiding into the sub- stance of the labellum, whilst that of P. truncatum ends abruptly at the flexure; the sepals of P. truncatum are further more uniformly notched near the apex.—The general form of the staminodia, which are broadly oblong and faleate in all the specimens, is very much the same, but the apex varies extremely, being truncate, rounded, or sub- acute, entire, erose, or notched.—Root-tubers bilobed (always?). Scape 6-18 inches high, with one leaf as long as 12 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. itself, or longer. Spike loose, appearing distichous in the dried specimens, many-flowered. Flowers often sweet- scented, but not constantly so, pale-whitish or greenish-yellow, pedicelled. Bracts very small, blunt, scarcely longer than the pedicels. Ovaries turgid. Sepals acute, the lateral free, never or seldom notched near the tip. Petals linear, blunt, sometimes more or less undulate. Zadellum recurved, with a distinct, bilobed, rather fleshy lamella, which sinks gradually into the substance of the labellum at its termination ; margins very undulate.—PrATE CXI. Fig. 1, side, and 2, front view of flower ; 3, side, and 4, front view of labellum ; 5, back, 6, side, and 7 , front view of column; 8, pollen :—a/7 magnified. 6. Prasophyllum truncatum (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 513); pallide virescens, folio caulem elongatum sequante v. superante, spica multiflora, floribus majusculis patulis pedicellatis, bractea parva obtusa pedicello zequilonga, sepalis subacutis lateralibus liberis apice sepius dentatis, petalis planis undulatisve (Tar. CIX. B.) Haz. Common in various parts of the Colony.—(Fl. Nov.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. I am quite unable to distinguish all states of this, when dry, from P. patens, either by the form and notch- ing of the apex of the staminodia, or by any other character, except the form of the lamella on the labellum : this I find from Archer's drawings to be abruptly terminated at the flexure of the labellum with a strong, raised, transverse edge, whilst that of P. patens gradually sinks into the nerves of the labellum. In some states the petals are much undulated, and in these the lateral sepals are more freguently notched towards the apex.—PLATE CIX. B. Fig. 1, side, and 2, front view of flower; 3, labellum; 4, side, and 5, front view of column :—all magnified. 7. Prasophyllum alpinum (Br. Prodr. 318) ; virescens, folio caulem gracilem superante, ovariis tur- gidis pedicellatis, bracteis pedicellos eequantibus brevibus rotundatis, floribus parvis, sepalis acutis lateralibus liberis approximatis v. basi connatis, labello ovato-lanceolato ultra medium repente angustato pubescente v. glabrato marginibus vix undulatis crassiusculis, lamella adnata vix definita, staminodiis brevibus obtusis hine emarginatis.—Lindl. L c. 515. (Gunn, 929.) (Tap, CXIL. A.) Haz. Alpine and subalpine localities: Circular Head, Gunn ; Mount Wellington, Oldfield ; Western Mountains, Archer.—(Fl. Nov.-J an.) DisrmrB. Australian Alps, Mueller, Generally a small, pale green species, with the leaf longer than the scape, but very variable in size, and some- times 18-20 inches high. Flowers loosely spiked, not so patent as in P. patens, and smaller. Ovaries turgid, pedicelled ; pedicels with short, blunt bracts. Lateral sepals free, or rarely united at the base or to the middle, sometimes notched near the apex. Lip short, fleshy, with thick, hardly undulate margins, and a thickened, but not defined disc, often pubescent, ovate at the base, suddenly contracted beyond the middle, not strongly recurved.—It is difficult to define this species from some states of p. patens by words, but it is a Very distinct plant, and when fresh has a strong smell of Hyacinths.—Prarg CXII. 4. Fig. 1, side, and 2, front view of flower; 3, back, 4, front, and 5, side views of column :—all magnified. 8. Prasophyllum fuscum (Br. Prodr, 318); fusco-viride rarius pallidum, folio scapo gracili quante v. longiore, spica multiflora, floribus pedicellatis, bracteis parvis pedicellos P. rostratum, Lindl. Gen. ef Sp. Orch. 516. (Gunn, 353.) (Tas. CXIL B.) Has. Common in various parts of the Island, in a rich and moist soil, Lawrence, Gunn, Archer, — (Fl. Nov., Dec.) | Orchidee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 13 Distris. Victoria, Mueller, ete. 1 find it extremely difficult to distinguish this from P. alpinum. Archer defines this as having the lateral sepals free, or united at the base only, whilst in P. alpinum they are united along their lower half; but 1 find that this partial connection of the sepals affords no constant character. The most prominent difference at first sight appears to me to be the darker, often dusky colour of P. fuscum, which has much narrower petals and sepals ; it is also inodorous.—PLATÉ CXII. B. Fig. 1, side, and 2, front views of flower; 3, side view of column and labellum ; 4, front view of column ; 5, pollen :—all magnified. B. GENOPLESIUM.— Anther pedicellate, with a terminal beak, Labellum clawed. Dorsal sepal adherent to back of column. Lateral sepals larger than the dorsal.—(Genoplesium, Br.) 9. Prasophyllum brachystachyum (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 513) ; scapo aphyllo gracili infra apicem l-bracteato, spica pauciflora, floribus horizontalibus v. deflexis, ovariis turgidis breve pedicellatis, bracteis brevissimis truncatis, sepalis petalisque acutissimis lateralibus longioribus basi connatis subsac- catis, labelli unguiculati lanceolati lamina adnata inconspicua marginibus planiusculis, staminodiis elongatis apice bifidis membranaceis glaberrimis.—Genoplesium Baueri, Br. Prodr. 319. (Gunn, 930.) Has. Sandy soil: Circular Head, and Hampshire Hills, Rocky Cape, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) Tuber as large as a Hazel-nut. Base of the scape covered thickly with withered, sheathing scales. Scape very slender, 3-8 inches long, with one appressed, truncate sheath at the base, and one sheathing, acuminate bract, placed towards the top, but removed from the spike. Spike of six to ten, horizontally spreading, shortly pedicelled, small, yellowish flowers. Bracts very minute, truncate. Ovary cylindrical, turgid. Perianth horizontal, 4 inch long. Lateral sepals rather saccate at the base, then coherent, lanceolate-acuminate; dorsal broadly ovate, very concave, acuminate. Petals shorter than the sepals, ovate-lanceolate, with long, acuminate apices. Lip as long as the petals, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, erose at the margin, the adnate lamella blending at the margin into its substance, grooved down the centre. Staminodia oblong, deeply bifid, membranous.— This Archer has identified with the Genoplesium Baueri of Brown, described from Bauer's drawing. This drawing, which Mr. Brown has kindly allowed us to examine, accurately represents our plant in all but the apparent confounding of the petals with the staminodia in the magnified analyses. 10. Prasophyllum nudiscapum (Hook. fil.) ; scapo aphyllo gracili ad apicem bractea parva in- structo, spica brevissima pauciflora, floribus horizontalibus pedicellatis minute bracteolatis, ovariis cylindra- ceis turgidis, sepalis petalisque acutissimis lateralibus longioribus basi connatis non saccatis, labelli ungui- culati lanceolati marginibus planiusculis erosis, lamella adnata inconspicua, staminodiis breviusculis late bidentatis membranaceis glaberrimis. Has. Sandy soil: near Hobarton, J. D. H.—(Fl. Aug.) Of this curious little species I have seen only the few specimens gathered by myself, which are passing into fruit, and one from Victoria. It is closely allied and very similar indeed to P. brachystachyum, but distinguishable at once by the bract of the scape being placed close under the spike; it has, further, fewer smaller flowers, shorter staminodia, and a narrower labellum, with more erose margins. Younger specimens are however necessary to com- plete the description of the flower. 11. Prasophyllum despectans (Hook. fil.) ; scapo gracillimo aphyllo apicem versus bractea vagi- nante instructo, spica elongata, floribus curvis perianthio deflexo atro-purpureo, ovario brevi cylindraceo pedicellato, bracteola minima, sepalis acutissimis lateralibus setaceo-lanceolatis basi connatis non saccatis dorsali late ovato aeuminato longioribus, petalis ovato-lanceolatis acutissimis, labello unguiculato lanceolato acuminato marginibus integris, lamina adnata definita simplici, staminodiis subulatis falcatis incurvis gla- berrimis. (Tas. CXII. 4.) VOL. II. E 14 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Orchidee. Has. Sandy soil: near Hobarton, J. D. H.; Cheshunt?, Archer.—(Fl. Sept.) Root and scape as in the other species of this section. Bract placed below and rather distant from the spike. Spike 3-1 inch long, eight- to twelve-flowered. Flowers minute, short, curved, the perianth pointing downwards. Sepals and petals acuminate, with subulate points. Staminodia with incurved, subulate points, which, with the deflexed flowers, distinguish this species well from all its allies.—PrATE CXIII. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2, side view of column and labellum ; 3, labellum ; 4, front view of column :—all magnified. 12. Prasophyllum Archeri (Hook. fil.) ; scapo gracillimo apicem versus bractea longe acuminata instructo, spica brevi pauciflora, floribus horizontalibus flavo-rubris, sepalis lateralibus basi connatis dorsali late ovato acuminato longioribus, petalis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, labello unguiculato marginibus fim- briato-laceris, lamella adnata simplici crassa definita, staminodiis bilobis lobo anteriore subulato fimbriato carnosulo posteriore breviore truncato membranaceo, anthera rostro elongato. (Tas. CXIII. B.) Has. Light soil near Cheshunt, Archer. A very distinct species, of the same habit and general appearance as P. brachystachyum, but more slender, with smaller reddish-yellow flowers, fimbriated membranous margins to the lip, which bears a very prominent, thick, cellular, undivided, adnate lamella, grooved down the middle, and ¡very different staminodia: these are broad, and unequally two-lobed, the outer or lower lobe is red, subulate-lanceolate, curved, cellular and papillose, with fimbriated edges; the inner or upper is shorter, broader, truncate, transparent, white, and naked.— Anther with a long rostrum.—Prarg CXIII. B. Fig. 1, front, and 2, side views of flower; 3, column and labellum ; 4, front of column; 5, front, and 6, side views of pollen :—all magnified. 13. Prasophyllum nudum (Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 242); scapo aphyllo gracili apicem versus 1-bracteato, spica multiflora, floribus suberectis breve pedicellatis minute bracteolatis atro-purpureis, sepalis lateralibus basi connatis subsaccatis dorsali ovato-acuminato longioribus, petalis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, labello oblongo-lanceolato unguiculato, lamina basi biauriculata marginibus fimbriatis, lamellis adnatis 2 parallelis discretis, staminodiis bilobis lobo anteriore subulato subfimbriato posteriore obtuso latiore, anthera longiuscule rostrata. (Tas. CXIII. C.) Has. Collected by Gunn, but I do not know where. DisrarB. New Zealand. Very variable in size, 3-10 inches high, always slender, with a leafless, one-bracteate scape, and rather long spikes of eleven to thirty ascending, minute flowers, smaller than in any of the preceding of this section. It is very nearly allied to P. Archeri, but differs in the two distinct, parallel lamelle on the labellum, and the shorter, less fimbriated, anticous lobe of the staminodia.—Prarg OXIII. C. Fig. l, side, and. 2, front views of flower ; 8, labellum :—all magnified. Gen. III. CALOCHILUS, Br. Perianthium ringens. Sepala patentia, libera, æqualia ; lateralia labello supposita. Petala minora, erecta. Labellum anticum, sessile, simplex, liberum, acuminatum, disco marginibusque barbatum. Columna teres, carnosa, cucullata, rostello acuto. Anthera stigmate parallela, persistens, columnæ inclusa, mucro- nata. Pollinia 2, sulcata.—Herbæ glabre, bulbis ¿ndivisis nudis ; foliis paucis radicalibus canaliculatis, caulinis semi-vaginantibus ; floribus paucis, raris, spicatis racemosisve, majusculis, rufis albisve. The few known plants of this genus are very beautiful, and all Australian; they are easily recognized by the red-brown (rarely yellowish or white) flowers, with an ovate-lanceolate labellum, covered with a copious, pendu- lous beard of delicate filaments.—Root an undivided bulb, above which are very thick, spreading, eylindrical root- lets; stem 12-18 inches high, with one or a very few narrow radical leaves, and some sheathing ones on the scape. Flowers few, large, racemose or spicate, with three nearly equal, lanceolate sepals, of which two are placed under Orchidee. FLORA OF TASMANIA. 15 the labellum, two inner petals similar to the sepals, and a long, pendulous, crinite lip. Column short, hooded, enclosing an erect, acute anther.—The C. campestris has a four- to eight-flowered spike; the flowers about half an inch across; labellum longer than the sepals, terminating in a ligulate point of very variable length. I find such great differences in the length of the labellum and its ligulate apex, in the relative length of the bracts and ovaries, and in the size and colour of the flowers of the different forms of Calochilus, that 1 much doubt there being more than one species of the genus. (Name from xaos, beautiful, and xedos, a lip.) 1. Calochilus campestris (Br. Prodr. 320); caule 3-8-floro, sepalis lateralibus petalisgue oblique ovatis acuminatis, labello sepalis subduplo longiore apice appendice ligulata brevi basi biglandulosa.— Bot. Mag. t. 3187. C. campestris ef C. herbaceus, Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 459. (Gunn, 919, 920.) (Tas. CVI. A.) Has. Not uncommon in moist ground, as also in poor, sandy soil: Rocky Cape and Woolnorth, Gunn ; Port Sorrell, Archer ; Huon River, O/dfield.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrarB. Tropical Australia, Brown; New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. Prats CVI. 4. Fig. 1, labellum ; 2, side, and 3, front view of column ; 4, pollen :—all magnified. Gen. IV. SPIRANTHES, Rich. Sepala lateralia labello supposita, basi brevissime saccata ; supremum cum petalis in galeam connivens. Labellum anticum, breviter unguiculatum, imberbe, columnam brevem amplectens. Anthera dorsalis, stig- mate parallela, rostello lamellato apice bifido incumbens. Pollinia 2, glandule communi affixa.— Herb foliose, radice e fibris crassis indivisis ; foliis angustis; scapo vaginato; floribus im spicam sepe tortam dispositis. A large and widely-diffused genus, the only Tasmanian, or indeed Australian, species of which is found in many parts of the globe, a very rare instance of wide distribution in the Order. The New Zealand species, which I distinguished in the Flora of that country as S. Nove-Zelandie, appears, according to Dr. Lindley, to be a variety of the Australian, differing in the narrower labellum, but not constantly.—The S. Australis is a small, herbaceous plant, 4 inches to a span high, with a root of thick, unbranched fibres, several linear, radical leaves, and a vaginate scape, terminated by a twisted spike of small, reddish, crowded flowers. Scape and spike glandular. Bracts broadly ovate-acuminate, as long as the ovary. Flowers 4 inch long, horizontal. Sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate, sub- acute; dorsal sepal and petals forming together a galea; lateral sepals rather saccate at the base. Lip hardly longer than the sepals, white, shortly clawed, linear-oblong or obovate-oblong, with crumpled and crenate margins. Column short. Anther dorsal. (Name from cepa, a spire, and avdos, a flower.) 1. Spiranthes Australis (Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 823) ; foliis anguste lineari-lanceolatis, spica glan- duloso-pubescente tortili, labello oblgngo obtuso marginibus crispatis basi biligulato, columne lobulis lateralibus stigmate longioribus.—S. Novæ-Zelandiæ, Nod. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 243. Neottia Australis, Br. Prodr. 319. (Gunn, 402, 754.) Has. Moist places: Circular Head, Gunn; Cheshunt, Archer.— (Fl. Nov.) DrsrarB. New South Wales and Victoria, New Zealand, China, India, and Siberia. Tribe II. ARETHUSEZ. Gen. V. CORYSANTHES, Br. Perianthium ringens. Sepalum supremum maximum, galeatum ; lateralia basi connata, una cum petalis angustissimis labello occultata. ` Laien magnum, cucullatum v. tubulosum. Columna brevis, solida. 16 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. Anthera 1-locularis, semibivalvis, persistens. Pollinia A. Herber perpusille, glabra; folio unico rotun- dato, integro v. lobato ; flore solitario, maximo, subsessili, luride rufo v. purpureo. A very singular genus, consisting of about six Australian and one Javan plant; all are small herbs, growing in very shaded, damp woods, and have slender roots, with one or two small, pedicelled tubers, very short stems, a rounded, very membranous leaf, and large, solitary, dingy rufous-coloured, sessile flower, quite unlike that of any other Orchideous plant; that of the Tasmanian species resembles a snail.— Sepa/s unequal, the upper large and hooded, the lateral very small and narrow, and, as well as the small petals, hidden under the large upper sepal. Lip large, tubular or saccate, sometimes spurred; that of the Tasmanian species is spurless, hooded, with toothed or fimbriated margins. (Name from kopvs, a helmet, and avos, a lower.) l. Corysanthes fimbriata (Br. Prodr. 328, et in App. Flinders’ Voy. cum ic.); folio rotundato- cordato v. oblongo, flore sessili, labello ecalcarato supra dilatato disco glanduloso marginibus dentatis fim- briatisve, sepalo dorsali unguiculato incurvo.—C. fimbriata ef C. Diemenica, Zind/. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 393. (Gunn, 614.) (Tas. CVIL B.) Has. Common upon shaded, mossy banks, and in moist, sandy places, in various parts of the Island. —(Fl. July-Sept.) (v. v.) ISTRIB. New South Wales and Victoria. Lindley distinguished this doubtfully as a different species from C. fimbriata, from its having larger flowers and less fimbriated margins to the labellum ; but I find both the flowers and leaves to be extremely variable in ab- solute and relative size. The flowers are sometimes nearly white, and vary from 4-3 inch long.—PraTE CVII. B. Fig. 1, dorsal sepal; 2, column and petals; 3, front view of column; 4, portion of labellum ; 5, front, 6, back, and 7, side views of pollen :—a/J magnified. Gen. VI. LYPERANTHUS, Br. Perianthium carnosulum, papillosum, ringens, extus eglandulosum. Sepalum posticum fornicatum ; lateralia et petala angusta, planiuscula, subequalia. Zabellum breve, semicucullatum, ascendens, recurvum, vaginato ; floribus racemosis, fuscis v. luride atro-purpureis. There are about six known species of this genus, of which four are Australian, and of the others, one inhabits New Caledonia, and the other Lord Auckland’s Group, south of New Zealand. Z. nigricans, the only Tasmanian species, is rather common in Australia, extending from Sydney to Swan River, but is very rare in Tasmania; it is a stout, herbaceous plant, 4-7 inches high, with dark, red-purple flowers. Root of very stout, often woolly fibres, springing from the base of the stem, of which one, stouter and longer than the rest, terminates in an oval, undivided tuber. Leaves very thick and fleshy, the lowest largest, ovate or circular, the upper gradually passing into sheathing bracts, which loosely clothe the scapes. Flowers three to five, racemose, about 1 inch long, almost concealed in the large, elliptical, concave bracts. Upper sepals galeate, lanceolate, acute; lateral sepals about equal in length, linear, curving downwards. Petals ascending. Lip blunt, with a revolute apex, glandular disc, and crisped margins. (Name from Avirnpos, mournful, and avbos, a flower ; in allusion to the aspect of the flowers.) l. Lyperanthus nigricans (Br. Prodr. 925); folio radicali cordato-rotundato y. ovato-oblongo, caulis vaginis bracteisque cymbiformibus, labelli apice revoluto disco papilloso marginibus und Haz. Forest near Georgetown, Archer.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. Puare CVI. B. Fig. 1, flower, magnified. Orchidee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 17 Gen. VII. BURNETTIA, Lindi. Perianthium suberectum. Sepalum supremum ovato-lanceolatum, subgaleatum ; lateralia lineari-oblonga, marginibus involutis. Petala linearia, sepalis equilonga, marginibus involutis. Zadellum parvum, sessile, ascendens, cuneatum, marginibus involutis, disco glanduloso basi callo instructo. Columna membranacea, marginibus basi utrinque productis. Anthera persistens, terminalis, 2-locularis, apiculata. Stigma ovatum. — Herba pusilla, erecta, robusta, 2-3 -foliata ; foliis vaginaformibus ; floribus 2-3, pro planta magnis, erectis. A very singular and rare plant, the only one of its genus hitherto discovered. Lindley, who first described it, has placed it in Neottiee, but the relative positions of the anther and stigma on the column appear to me the same as in Lyperanthus and its allies, with which it further agrees in the structure of the lip and its appendages.—A very small, herbaceous, greenish plant, about 3-4 inches high, with two to three distant, leafy bracts on the stem, and two to three large, erect flowers, nearly 4 inch long. Ovary clavate, longer than the acuminate flower-bracts, as long as the perianth. Sepals nearly equal, oblong-lanceolate, subacute; dorsal concave; lateral with involute mar- gins. Petals as long as, but narrower than, the sepals, with involute margins. .Labellum short, ascending, broadly euneate, with a truncate, erose apex, its margins rolled in; disc with two thickened ridges, terminating in a conical callus near the base, and in some scattered, small, clavate glands towards the apex; a few papille are also scat- tered over the surface of the labellum, whose under surface is granular towards the apex. Column with broad, membranous margins. Anther terminal, two-celled, acuminate. Stigma a rather prominent, hollow, ovate, de- pressed body, below and in front of the very base of the anther. (Named in honour of the late G. T. Burnett, a Professor of Botany in London.) 1. Burnettia cuneata (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 517). (Gunn, 947.) (Tas. CVII. C.) | Has. Very rare. Sandy soil: at the foot of Rocky Cape, Gunn; Port Arthur, Backhouse (fide Gunn). — (Fl. Dec.) Prate CVII. C. Fig. 1, flower; 2, labellum; 3, column and labellum; 4, front view of column :—all mag- nified. Gen. VIII. CALEANA, Br. Perianthium subbilabiatum. Sepala et petala subeegualia, linearia. Labellum posticum, unguiculatum, limbo peltato cavo, foramine exteriore. Columna maxima, petaloidea, concava. Anthera terminalis, per- sistens, loculis approximatis. Pollinia 4.—Herbe graciles, glabra, l- v. paueiflor@ ; radicibus fibrosis, tuberiferis ; folio radicali solitario, basi vaginato ; floribus fusco-viridibus, labello columnague rufis ; labello mobili, reflexo, instante pluvio v. irritatione inflexo, columna incumbente. The species of this genus, of which only three are known, are remarkable for the irritability of the lip; this is posticous, has a long, narrow pedicel, and stands erect, as it were, over the flower, but when the plant is shaken, or rain comes on, it suddenly shuts down, like a lid, on the flower, and its lamina becomes closely applied to the large petaloid column. A Swan River species is said thus to catch insects, whose struggles appear to disengage the pollen from the anther, and apply it to the stigma.—Slender, herbaceous plants, with a solitary, narrow, radical leaf, and tall scape, bearing one or very few, rather large, deep red-brown flowers. The Tasmanian C. major is a span to 8 inches tall, with a leaf varying from narrow-linear to broadly lanceolate, a scape with one small, sheathing bract, and about two flowers, 2-14 inch long. Flowers pedicelled, with a small bract at the base of the pedicel, reversed, the labellum being above. Sepals three, narrow-linear, one hanging down behind the column, and the two lateral pointing backwards, nearly horizontally, notched at the margin. Petals about as long as the column, linear, placed against its sides, pointing downwards and forwards. Labellum with a long, slender peduncle, the lamina produced into a narrow point at the apex, and at the base into a subulate appendage. Column much larger VOL. II. F 18 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. than any other part of the flower, broadly dilated, petaloid, dark red-brown, with a terminal, greenish anther. (Named in honour of G. Caley, a diligent explorer of New South Wales botany.) 1. Caleana major (Br. Prodr. 329) ; folio angusto lineari v. lanceolato plano, scapo medio 1-brac- teato, limbo labelli levi semiovato apice angustato basi appendice curva instructo. — Endl. Nov. Gen. t. 1598; Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 429. (Gunn, 946.) (Tas. CVII. A.) Has. Sandy soil: Rocky Cape, Guan; Cheshunt, Archer ; Hobart and Huon River, Oldfield.— (Fl. Dee.) Disrrıs. New South Wales and Victoria. PraTE CVII 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2, lateral, and 3, dorsal sepal :—all magnified. Gen. IX. PTEROSTYLIS, Br. Perianthium ringens. Sepalum posticum cum petalis in galeam connatis v. conniventibus; lateralia connata, deflexa v. erecta. Labellum unguiculatum, inclusum v. exclusum et dependens, limbo angusto basi appendiculato, ungue sepalis adnato. Columna elongata, arcuata, semiteres, apice auriculis petaloideis alata. Anthera terminalis, persistens, loculis approximatis. Pollinia 4, compressa.—Herbæ pleregue membra- nacez, foliose v. aphylle ; radicibus e caudicibus elongatis, apice tuberiferis; caulibus v. scapis l- pauci- v. plurifloris; floribus parvis v. magnis, pallide viridibus, labello sepe irritabili. A large and very peculiar and well-marked genus, common in extratropical Australia and New Zealand, but not hitherto detected elsewhere. About 35 species are known to me, of which 28 are Australian, and half of the latter are Tasmanian ; they present very different forms, but all agree in being pale green herbaceous plants, with underground tubers terminating long caulicles.—Zeaves generally rosulate and radical, more rarely linear and alter- nate on the stem, rarely none, or reduced to sheathing scales; in some species the leaves appear only after the flowers; in others again they are borne on separate stems, springing from the base of the flowering scape. Flowers solitary, or numerous and spiked, large or small. Upper sepal and petals together forming a very convex upper lip or galea; lower sepals connate, ascending and closing the flower, or hanging downwards. Labellum often irritable, usually small, linear, clawed, the limb narrow, with an appendage at the base, in some species fringed with long hairs. Column slender, winged near the apex. (Name from mTepov, a wing, and oruhos, a column.) $ 1. Radical leaves spreading. Scape one-flowered, with one or more sheathing bracts, or leafy. Lower lp of perianth ascending. Labellum glabrous. l. Pterostylis curta (Br. Prodr. 927); folis radicalibus stellatis oblongo-ovatis obtusis breve petiolatis, scapo gracili 1-3-bracteato, flore solitario erecto magno, labio inferiore galea obtusiuscula bre- viore, labelli inclusi lamina integra obtusa, appendice bifida penicillata.—Guill. Ic. Lith. 1.2; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3086; Lindt. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 390. (Gunn, 600.) Has. Common in shady places.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Distri. New South Wales and Victoria. A graceful species.— Zeaves all radical, spreading, membranous, 1-2 inches long. Scape with one to three membranous, erect, distant, sheathing bracts. Flowers erect, about 1 inch long. Lower lip shorter than the galea. Wings of the column produced above into short, subulate points, and below into long, straight auricles. 2. Pterostylis nutans (Br. Prodr. 327 ); foliis radicalibus stellatis petiolatis ovatis oblongisve subacutis, scapo gracili 1-2-bracteato, flore Solitario horizontali v. nutante, labio inferiore galeam apice apice attenuato truncato, appendice bifida penicil- lata.— Bot, Mag. t. 3085; Lindi. l c. 391. (Gunn, 604.) Orchidee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 19 Haz. Common in shaded places, in a poor soil.—(Fl. Sept.-Nov.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales. Similar in general characters to P. curta, but readily distinguished by the horizontal or nodding flowers, by the lips of the perianth being egual in length, and by the apex of the galea being suddenly turned downwards. — Wings of column produced upwards into slender, filiform appendages, broadly auricled below, and dilated. 9. Pterostylis pedunculata (Br. Prodr. 327); foliis radicalibus substellatis ovato-oblongis lan- ceolatisve subacutis obtusisve, scapo laxe 1-2-bracteato, flore erecto, labii inferioris laciniis capillaribus galeam apice repente incurvam superantibus, dente intermedio incurvo interjecto, labello incluso columna breviore, lamina subacuta, appendice bifida penicillata.— Lind. l.c. 391. (Gunn, 629. (Tas. OXIV. A.) Has. Abundant in shady places.—(Fl. Sept.-Nov.) (v. v.) A smaller species than either of the preceding.— Leaves 1-2 inches long, sessile or petioled, erect or spreading. Scape slender. Flowers erect, $ inch long. Lower lip with two long, slender, filiform arms, much longer than the suddenly inflexed galea. Wings of the column produced upwards into slender, filiform appendages, and downwards into falcate auricles.—PrLATE CXIV. 4. Fig. 1, labellum; 2, side, and 3, front view of column :—all magnified. 4. Pterostylis nana (Br. Prodr. 327) ; foliis radicalibus stellatis longe petiolatis ovatis obtusis acu- minatisve, scapo puberulo 2-bracteato, bracteis distantibus subfoliaceis, flore erecto, labii inferioris laciniis filiformibus galeam acuminatam subzequantibus, labelli lanceolati appendice bifida subpenicillata.— Z/n4/. l.c. 391. (Gunn, 902.) (Tas. CXIV. B.) Has. Dry soil; not uncommon in several parts of the Colony: Woolnorth, Circular Head, Gunn ; Bagdad, Miss Forster.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) DisrRiB. Victoria, Robertson. Very similar to P. pedunculata, but much smaller, with petiolate, ovate, acute, or even acuminate leaves ; smaller, less foliaceous, lanceolate bracts; a pubescent scape, and smaller flower.— Leaves rather numerous, 3-1 inch long, including the long petiole. Flower erect, 3-1 inch long. Wings of column produced upwards and downwards into subulate points. —PrLaTE CXIV. B. Fig. 1, labellum; 2, side, and 3, front view of column :—all magnified. 5. Pterostylis obtusa (Br. Prodr. 327); foliis radicalibus (in planta florida nullis) stellatis breve petiolatis ovato-oblongis obtusis, scapo 2-3-bracteato, bracteis subfoliaceis, flore majusculo erecto, labii in- ferioris laciniis longe filiformibus, galeæ arcuato-incurve sepalo dorsali longe acuminato caudato petalos acuminatos superante, labelli lamina lanceolata, appendice bifida appendiculata.—Lindl. 7. e. 889. (Gunn, 857.) (Tas. CXV. C) Has. Poor soil; common in the northern parts of the Colony: Circular Head, Guan ; Port Sorrell, Cheshunt, and the Mersey, 4rcher.—(El. Nov., Dec.) A handsome, rather large species, a span to 7 inches high.— Root of two collateral tubers, of which one bears four or five petioled, ovate-oblong leaves, and the other, a bi- or tri-bracteate, slender scape. Bracts 2 inch long, loose, rather foliaceous, with long, acuminate points. Flower erect, 13 inch long. Galea arched, curving downward from above the middle; dorsal sepal, with a very long, caudate apex, longer than the petals. Lower lip with very slender, erect, filiform lacinie. Labellum very narrow, its apex exserted, irritable, as in most of the species. Wing of column produced into a short, subulate point above, and long oblong auricle below.— PLATE CXV. C. Fig. 1, column and labellum ; 2, labellum; 3, front view of column :—all magnified. 6. Pterostylis cucullata (Br. Prodr. 327); foliis radicalibus amplis stellatis oblongis oblongo- lanceolatisve acutis, bracteis 1-2 magnis foliaceis late vaginantibus cymbiformibus cucullatis membranaceis, flore magno erecto, labii inferioris laciniis subulatis galeam lente curvam equantibus, labello integro obtu- 20 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. siusculo, appendice bifida penicillata.—P. cucullata ef P. scabrida, Lindl. J. e. 389, 390. (Gunn, 355, 601, 904, 905, 906.) (Tas. CXV. A.) Has. Common in poor soil and shaded places.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) A large, erect-flowered species, extremely variable in stature, from 3-8 inches high.— Zeaves usually sessile, 3-24 inches long, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate and acute. Bracts 1 inch long, very large, membranous and spathe- like. Flowers sometimes pubescent, 13 inch long, including the ovary. Galea arching over at the top only, blunt. Lower lip with two short, acuminate lobes, as long as the galea. Wing of the column produced upwards into a short, subulate point, and downwards in a long, straight, subacute, narrow auricle.—Prare CXV. 4. Fig. 1, side view of column and labellum; 2, front view of labellum ; 3, ditto of column :—all magnified. 7. Pterostylis dubia (Br. Prodr. 328); caule bifolio, foliis sessilibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis, scapo ebracteato, flore erecto magno, galea apice lente curva subacuta, labio inferiore breviter bifido galea breviore, segmentis breviter subulatis, labello angusto lineari-lanceolato columnse eequilongo, appendice apice peni- cillata. (Tas. CXV. B.) Haz. Cuming’s Head, in shaded places, Mr. C. Hortle (Archer).—(Fl. Jan.) Very similar to P. cucullata in many respects, but with only two leaves, no bracts on the very short scape, and very short lobes to the lower lip of the flower:—PLATE CXV. B. Fig. 1, flower; 2, petal; 3, lateral view of co- lumn and labellum ; 4, front view of column :—all but fig. 1 magnified. S. Pterostylis furcata (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 390); foliis radicalibus stellatis petiolatis lan- ceolatis ellipticisve acutis (interdum dissitis), bracteis 2-3 foliaceis laxe vaginantibus, flore erecto, perianthio glaberrimo, labii inferioris laciniis anguste caudatis galeam vix incurvam acuminatam superantibus, labello lineari, appendice bifida penicillata. (Gunn, 602.) Haz. Shaded, wet places: near Launceston and Deloraine, Gunn ; Chudleigh and Cheshunt, Archer. — (FI. Oct.) Closely allied to P, pedunculata, but easily distinguished by the narrower, more shortly petioled leaves, the shorter lacinize of the lower lip, and the scarcely incurved galea. The smaller bracts and lacinim of the lower lip being produced beyond the galea, distinguish it from P. cucullata.— Wing of the column produced upwards into a very short, blunt point, and downwards into a blunt, long auricle. — * $ 2. Radical leaves spreading. Scape one- or many flowered. Lower lip of perianth deflezed. Labellum Jringed with long hairs. 9. Pterostylis squamata (Br. Prodr, 327 ) ; foliis radicalibus stellatis imbricatis suberectis lanceo- latis acuminatis, caulinis lanceolatis, flore erecto, galea oblongo-lanceolata apice oblique truncata acuminata, labio inferiore deflexo bipartito laciniis linearibus, labelli lamina subulata pilis flavis crinita apice glandula incrassata clavata glabra, appendice apice penicillata.— Flor. N. Zeal. i. 249. P. squamata ef P. barbata, Lindl. (e 388. (Gunn, 603.) (Tam. CXVI. A.) Has. Common in sandy soil: near Hobarton, Circular Head, Georgetown, etc., Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Nov.) DisrarB. Victoria, Swan River, New Zealand, A very remarkable species, 5-8 inches high, conspicuous from the beautiful hairs, and terminated by a purple, polished, capitate most of the genus.— Wing of the column produced upwards into a long, erect, subulate point, and downwards to a long, faleate auricle.—PrATE CXVI. 4. Fig. 1 ; flower; 2, side view of labellum and column; 3, front view of mn :—all but fig. 1 magnified. ‚Orchidee. FLORA OF TASMANIA. 21 10. Pterostylis mutica (Br. Prodr. 328); foliis radicalibus confertis stellatis breve petiolatis ovatis, scapo bracteato multifloro, spica subspirali, floribus suberectis, perianthio inclinato v. horizontali, galea brevi lata obtusa, labio inferiore deflexo ovato obtuso indiviso v. breviter bifido, labello oblongo obtuso, appendice elongata apice lobata v. obtusa.—Jind/. 7. e. 390. (Gunn, 605, 900, 901.) (Tas. CXVII. B.) Has. Common in rich pastures, as well as in light sandy soil.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. A very variable and abundant species, from 3 to 10 inches high, robust or slender, few- or many-flowered, the flowers small, densely or loosely spiked, the spike straight or somewhat twisted.—Leaves all radical, numerous. Scape bracteate. Flowers suberect, 1-2 inch long. Perianth inclined or horizontal. Galea short, broad, blunt, nearly straight, or incurved at the apex. Lower lip bent down, ovate, entire and blunt, or bifid at the apex. Za- bellum short, broad, with a long, stout, incurved appendix, that is simple or thickened at the apex, and there entire or lobed. Wing of column slightly ciliated at the lower margin, scarcely auricled.—PrATE CXVII. 4. Fig. 1, side, and 2, front view of lower lip and labellum; 3, side, and 4, front view of column :—all magnified. ll. Pterostylis rufa (Br. Prodr. 327); foliis radicalibus stellatis petiolatis ovato-oblongis acutis, scapo bracteato 3-5-floro, perianthio horizontali, galea lata abrupte longe acuminata, labio inferiore deflexo bifido lobis ovatis subulatis, labello obovato emarginato longe laxe piloso, appendice brevissima obtusa ciliata. —Lindl. l.c. 390. (Tas. CXVI. B Var. a; foliis coztaneis, scapo laxe bracteato, floribus remotis majoribus pedicellatis. Var. 8; scapo florifero aphyllo, bracteis numerosis, spica densiore, floribus minoribus subsessilibus. Has. Port Sorrell, on dry sandy ridges near the beach, ArcAer.—(Fl. Nov.) DrsraIB. New South Wales. I have described two forms of this plant, both from Mr. Archer; of one, which agrees with authentic speci- mens of Brown's P. rufa, 1 have seen only a drawing: it has larger and longer-pedicelled flowers ; of the other I have examined three specimens from Mr. Archer: it has no leaves, more bracts on the scape, smaller and more sessile flowers. The species is intermediate in size and habit between P. mutica and P. squamata, having the numerous flowers of mutica and the bearded labellum of squamata : it is however extremely different from both.— Seapes 4-8 inches high, leafless, or with ovate, oblong, stellate leaves at the base. Flowers reddish-yellow-green, 2 inch long. Perianth inclined or horizontal. Galea broad, abruptly acuminated, with a long point. Lower lip sharply bifid. Labellum coriaceous, small, broadly oblong, blunt, bearded with long hairs; appendix blunt, ciliated. Wings of column ciliated, hardly auricled.—PrATE CXVI. B. Fig. 1, front, and 2, side view of labellum ; 3, column :—aZ magnified. $ 3. Radical leaves none ; cauline none, or alternate, lanceolate. Scape one-flowered. Lower lip of perianth ascending. Labellum glabrous. - 12. Pterostylis przecox (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 388); caule gracili folioso, foliis alternis lan- ceolatis, flore solitario erecto, labii inferioris erecti laciniis filiformibus galeam lente curvam superantibus, labelli lamina lineari glabra, appendice penicillata. (Gunn, 751.) Has. Circular Head, Gunn; Hobarton, J. D. H.—(Fl. May-July.) (v. v.) DisrarB. Victoria. A very slender species, 3-5 inches high, sometimes pubescent on the stem and flowers.— Leaves lanceolate, alternate, $ inch long. Flowers erect, about 1 inch long, including the ovary. Galea curved. Lower lip with its filiform lacinim longer than the galea. Labellum very variable in breadth, almost sessile or unguiculate.— Very nearly allied to the P. scabra of Swan River, which has a more slender labellum, rather clavate at the tip. It may be a form of the P. reffeza or revoluta. VOL. II. ; G 22 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. $ 4. Radical leaves stellate or none. Flowers small, spiked, rarely solitary. Lower lip of perianth ascending. 13. Pterostylis aphylla (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 392); scapo florifero aphyllo bracteis 2-3 re- motis instructo, floribus 1-2 erectis, galea apice incurva, sepalo dorsali acuminato, petalis obtusis, labio inferiore ascendente apice late bifido, laciniis distantibus brevibus uncinatis, labello lineari-oblongo incluso, appendice trifurca. (Gunn, 903.) (Tas. CX VI. C.) Has. Heathy plains : near Circular Head, Gunn; Huon River, Oldfield ; Cheshunt, Archer.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) DIsTRIB. Swan River (Drummond).  very curious little species, of which I have seen no leaves, but Archer says these appear in winter.—Scape rather stout, strict, 3-6 inches high, bearing two or three remote, small, sheathing bracts. Flowers one or two in my Tasmanian specimens, four in a Swan River one, erect, about 4—4 inch long, including the ovary, puberulous or glabrous, erect. Galea with a short incurved apex. Dorsal sepal acuminate, rather shorter than the blunt petals. Petals much contracted and obliquely cuneate at the base, shortly sickle-shaped, white, with red-brown nerves and margins. Lower lip closely applied to the galea, shorter than it is, with two short, incurved, uncinate teeth sepa- rated by a wide sinus. Zabellum small, included, linear-oblong, with a three-forked apex. Column wings with a descending auricle, and ascending, subulate, uncinate arm.— PLATE CXVI. C. Fig. 1, flower; 2, petal; 3, labellum ; 4, lower lip and labellum ; 5, column :—all magnified. 14. Pterostylis parviflora (Br. Prodr. 327); foliis in caulibus non floriferis stellatis petiolatis parvis ovatis acutis, scapo remote bracteato gracili, floribus 3-8 spicatis remotiusculis erectis, galea apice abrupte deflexo, sepalo dorsali acuminato petalis longe acuminatis breviore, labio inferiore erecto late bifido, segmentis brevibus uncinatis galea brevioribus, labello incluso lineari-oblongo, appendice apice tricruri.— Lindl. l.c. 389. (Gunn, 759.) Has. Sandy soil; probably not uncommon, but easily overlooked: Circular Head, Gunn; Huon River, Oldfield; Hobarton, J. D. H.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales, I have referred this plant to Brown’s P. parviflora, with the insufficient description of which it quite agrees ; few-flowered specimens of P. aphylla may however equally be included in that description. The present plant is taller, more slender than P. aphylla, has a scape 3-10 inches high, three- to eight-flowered (rarely more), and bears small, ovate, petiolate leaves, which are borne on my specimens on lateral shoots at the base of the flowering scapes. It further differs from P. aphylla in the much longer and deflexed apex of the galea, and in the longer acuminate petals. $ 5. Leaves all cauline, alternate. Scape one- to four-flowered. Lower lip of perianth deflezed. 15. Pterostylis longifolia (Br. Prodr. 327); scapo 1-5-floro gracili, foliis alternis anguste lanceo- latis acuminatis, perianthio horizontali, galea lata abrupte apiculata, labio inferiore deflexo breviter bifido, lobis ovatis apice subulatis, labello brevissimo ciliato oblongo apice dentato, appendice brevi obtusa.— Lindl. l.c. 388. (Gunn, 345.) (Tas. CXVII. B.) Has. Common in dry soil in forest land.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Disrars. New South Wales and Victoria. I have followed Lindley in referring this common plant to Brown's P. longifolia.— Stem very slender, wiry, 4-14 inches tall, leafy throughout its length, with narrow-lanceolate or subulate-acuminate leaves. Flowers 3—5 (sometimes 6—8, but rarely), pale-green, about 3 inch long, puberulous or glabrous. Galea horizontal, broad, sud- denly acuminate; dorsal sepal rather longer than the petals. Lower lip suddenly bent down, bifid; lobes ovate, Orchidee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 23 acuminate. Labellum very small, short, ciliated, with a short, blunt appendix. Wings of column ciliated, shortly auriculate.—PrATE CXVII. B. Fig. 1, front, and 2, side view of labellum ; 3, front, and 4, side view of column : — all magnified. Gen. X. CHILOGLOTTIS, Br. Perianthium bilabiatum ; sepalo dorsali fornicato, lateralibus labello suppositis. Petala ascendentia v. reflexa. Zabellum unguiculatum, basi appendiculata ; appendice lingulata v. columnari; disco glanduloso. Columna elongata, apice bifida. Anthera terminalis. Pollinia 4.—Herbe terrestres, caudiculis radicalibus basi tuberiferis ; foliis 2, radicalibus; scapo infra florem unibracteato, unifloro ; floribus luridis, suberectis ; pedicello post anthesin elongato. A very peculiar-looking genus, closely allied to Cyrtostylis, but of a much more robust habit, and two-leaved. Only three species are known, one confined to Tasmania, a second found in the same island and Australia, and a third hitherto observed only in the Auckland and Campbell Islands, south of New Zealand.—Root a simple, elon- gated, descending caudicle, terminating in a round naked tuber, and giving off from near the base of the stem other caudicles, whose tubers bear stems in the following year. Leaves two, at the base of the stem, with a sheath round their base. Scape rather stout, erect, with one sheathing bract near the middle. Flower rather large, erect; dorsal sepal arched, acute; lateral placed under the labellum, curved downwards. Petals narrow, ascending or deflexed. Labellum clawed, rather fleshy, simple, ovate, with large, erect, capitate glands on the dise. (Name from xeuvos, a lip, and yAwrra, the tongue; from the form of the appendix of the first-described species.) l. Chiloglottis diphylla (Br. Prodr. 322) ; foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis, scapo gracili, sepalo dorsali lineari apicem versus dilatato, lateralibus basi connatis, petalis deflexis, appendice labelli spathulata lingulata, disco glandulis stipitatis confertis, columna basi appendice transversa.—Lind/. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 386; Bauer, lilustr. t. 8. Acianthus? bifolius, Br. Prodr. 322. Epipactis reflexa, Lab. Nov. Holl. E 911. 1. (Gunn, 914.) Has. Shaded places: Woolnorth, Circular Head, Cheshunt, etc., Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. April, May.) DistriB. New South Wales. A slender species, 3-6 inches high, with two petiolate, ovate, lanceolate leaves. Flowers about 2 inch across. Sepals narrow, linear; lateral united at the base, terete at the apex, deflexed or even recurved. Petals linear, de- flexed. — Labellum spathulate, dark red-brown, with a large black-purple ligulate gland at the base, backed with smaller capitate ones, and a crowd of pedicelled glands on the disc.—The form and size of the appendix and glands are variable, and sometimes they resemble an ant sitting on the disc of the labellum : (see Ross's Hobarton Almanac, 1833.) 2. Chiloglottis Gunnii (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 387); robusta, foliis ovatis breve petiolatis, scapo brevi, sepalo dorsali unguiculato spathulato acuminato, lateralibus ovato-subulatis ascendentibus, petalis erectis, labello trulliformi, glandulis sparsis, appendice columnari. (Gunn, 913.) (Tas. CVIII. B.) Has. Shaded banks, ete.: Circular Head, Cheshunt, and Hobarton, Gunn, Archer, etc.— (Fl. Oct.) A small, robust species, 2-4 inches high. Leaves sessile, or shortly petioled. Flowering scape generally thick. Flower an inch across, with very much broader sepals and petals than C. diphylla, the upper sepal unguiculate and spathulate, the lateral not united at the base, ascending and recurved. Petals ascending. Labellum of the form of a trowel, with numerous stipitate glands, which often are so arranged as to resemble an ant, as in C. diphylla.—In both species the pedicel of the flower elongates remarkably after flowering.—PrArg CVIII. B. Fig. 1, labellum ; 2, column; 3, pollen :—all magnified. 24 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. Gen. XI. MICROTIS, Br. Perianthium herbaceum, ringens. Sepalum dorsale cum petalis parvis linearibus in galeam connivens ; lateralia labello supposita. Zabellum dissimile, oblongum, obtusum, integerrimum v. lobatum, callis glan- dulisve instructum. Columna nana, infundibuliformis, utrinque auricula membranacea aucta. Anthera terminalis, mutica. Po//inia 4.—Herbze terrestres, glabre ; radicibus e tuberis oblongis nudis indivisis ; folio caulino solitario, tereti, Jistuloso, basi vaginante ; floribus herbaceis, parvis, viridibus, dense spicatis. A common genus in temperate Australia and New Zealand, of which about a dozen species are known. A species is found in New Caledonia, and another in Java. These are very variable in stature, but uniform in general characters, forming rather stout, green herbs, with small, green, densely spiked flowers, and a single, terete, fistu- lose leaf. —Roots of undivided oblong tubers. Perianth herbaceous, green, of one dorsal, rather large, concave sepal, parallel to and on each side of which is a small linear sepal, Lateral sepals placed under the green, oblong labellum, which is furnished with granulated, callous bodies on its surface. Column small, terete, with expanded margins. (Name from puxpos, small, and ovs, an ear.) I have characterized three species of this genus, following Brown’s and Lindley’s descriptions, and Archer’s notes and drawings, but I am unable to distinguish the dried specimens, and 1 suspect that many intermediate and aberrant forms will be found. 1. Microtis pulchella (Br. Prodr. 321); sepalis lateralibus petalisque patentibus ovali-oblongis obtusiusculis acuminatisve, labello oblongo bilobo apicem versus callo granuloso, margine crispato, callis basi confluentibus.— Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 395. (Gunn, 915, 918.) (Tas. CXVIII. 4.) Has. Abundant in sandy soil throughout the Island.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) DisrarB. New South Wales, Victoria, and South-west Australia. Stems 6 inches to 2 feet high, slender or robust. Flowers very variable in size, as is the ovarium. Sepals and petals blunt. Labellum with erisped margins, oblong, blunt, or two-lobed at the apex, having one granular callus more or less developed towards the apex, and two confluent ones at the base.—PraTE CXVIII. 4. Fig. 1, front, and 2, side view of flower; 3, labellum; 4, front, and 5, side views of column :—all magnified. 2. Microtis arenaria (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 396) ; sepalis lateralibus petalisque ovali- v. lineari- oblongis obtusis acuminatisve, labello oblongo retuso margine planiusculo apicem versus callo granuloso, callis basi confluentibus.— An M. media, Br.? (Gunn, 354, 916.) (Tas. CXVIII. B.) Has. Sandhills near the sea: Circular Head, Guna.—(Vl. Dec.) DisrriB. New South Wales and Victoria. | Quite similar to large states of M. pulchella, and only distinguishable by the more plane labellum, that has not erisped margins, is less strongly lobed, and has the calli less developed.—PrATE CXVIII, 2. Fig. 1, front, and 2, side view of flower; 3, labellum ; 4, front, and 5, side view of column :—g7J magnified. AC | rara (Br. Prodr. 321); spica rariflora, sepalis lateralibus revolutis petalisque lineari- oblongis acutis, labello oblongo retuso marginibus subundulatis callis basi confluentibus apice subcalloso.— Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 396. M. frutetorum, Schlecht. (Gunn, 917.) Has. Wet places: Circular Head, Hampshire Hills, ete., Lawrence, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer.—(Fl Dec.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. My Tasmanian species are a different-looking plant from either of the preceding, cept by being more slender, with more acuminate. Zabellum with less undulat but not easily characterized, ex- sparse and more erect flowers.— Lateral sepals and petals acute, the former ed margins than in pulchella, and a more obscure callus towards the tip. Orchidee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. | 25 4. Microtis parviflora (Br. Prodr. 321) ; spica densa, floribus parvis, sepalis lateralibus oblongis revolutis petalisque obtusis, labello lineari-oblongo obtuso marginibus planiusculis nudis, disci dimidio superiore ecalloso.—Lind/. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 395 ; Bot. Mag. 3377; Endi. Ie. Gen. 1588. Has. Circular Head, Gunn ; dry ground near Cheshunt, Arcker.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrRrB. Tropical Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. Smaller than any of the foregoing species, with smaller flowers, shorter ovaries, and a short, oblong, blunt, nearly plane labellum, its upper half thickened, but hardly callous. Gen. XII. ACIANTHUS, Br. Sepala patentia, acuminata v. aristata ; lateralia labello supposita. Petala minora, acuminata. Label- lum liberum, integrum, basi bicallosum, disco inappendiculato. Columna semiteres, clavata, inauriculata. Anthera terminalis, persistens, 2-locularis, recumbens. Pollinia 8, v. 4 bipartita.—Herba parve, tenere, membranacee ; tuberibus globosis, indivisis, caudicem terminantibus, novellis pedicellatis ; folio solitario, subsessili, late cordato, reticulato-venoso ; floribus paucis, racemosis. A very small genus, of delicate, shade-loving, inconspicuous plants, found in temperate Australia and New Zea- land.—Roots of prostrate caudices, ending in small, round tubers. Stems slender and succulent, with one broadly- cordate, sessile, membranous, reticulated leaf. Flowers few, red-brown, racemose. Sepals and petals slender, acu- minate, or terminated in a subulate point. Ladellum projecting, undivided, with a uaked disc, and two calli at its base. Column long, slender, not dilated into auricles, Anther deciduous, placed rather behind the apex of the column (as in Neoffiee). (Name from axvs, a needle, and avdos, a flower ; in allusion to the pointed perianth.) 1. Acianthus caudatus (Br. Prodr. 321); floribus 1-3, sepalo dorsali longissime setaceo acumi- nato, lateralibus brevioribus petalis triplo longioribus, labello lanceolato.—Lind/. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 397. (Gunn, 158.) (Tas. CXIX. B.) Has. Common in shaded moist woods: Woolnorth and Circular Head, Gunn; Chudleigh, Archer ; Hobarton, J. D. H.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Disrmrs. New South Wales. Stems 3—5 inches high. Leaf acuminate, with often undulated margins. Flowers one to three, deep, dark brown-purple. Dorsal sepal extremely long and narrow, erect, nearly an inch long, much longer than the lateral, which are twice as long as the petals.—PraTE CXIX. B. Plant of the natural size. 2. Acianthus exsertus (Dr. Prodr. 321); floribus racemosis, sepalo dorsali ovato-lanceolato aris- tato, lateralibus subulato-lanceolatis «equilongis, petalis horizontaliter reflexis sepalis 3 brevioribus lanceo- latis acuminatis, labello apice papilloso.—Zindl. l.c. 397. (Gunn, 752.) (Tam. CXIX. A.) Has. Circular Head, in light soil, Gunn ; rocky ground near Cheshunt, 4rcher.— (Fl. ond Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. Similar in habit to 4. caudatus, but with more (four to six) flowers, which are much smaller, with far shorter, paler-coloured sepals and petals, whose slender points are thickened at the tips.—PrATE CXIX. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 9, labellum ; 3, front, and 4, side view of column; 5, pollen :—all magnified. Gen. XIII. CYRTOSTYLIS, Br. Sepala patentia, linearia (non aristata), dorsali erecto, lateralibus labello suppositis, equilongis. Petala demissa. Labellum porrectum, planum, obtusum, indivisum, basi bicallosa. Columna gracilis, subgenicu- lata, versus apicem dilatata. Anthera biloeularis, terminalis, persistens, teres. — Po//inia 4.—-Herbee habitu etc. Acianthi. í VOL. II. H 26 FLORA OF TASMANTA. [ Orchidee. Very closely allied to Acianthus. Only one Australian species is known, and several New Zealand ones. ©. reniformis is a delicate herb, 4-8 inches high, with the general habit and appearance of Acianthus.—Leaf oblong- cordate, or almost orbicular-cordate. Flowers three to six, racemose, pale purplish-brown, very membranous, about 3 inch long. Sepals and petals nearly equal in length, narrow-linear, not aristate ; dorsal sepal erect, the lateral and petals pendent, and pointing rather forwards. Zabellum narrow-linear, oblong, with two deeper-coloured, raised mesial ridges. Column slender, inflexed, with membranous wings towards the apex. (Name from xvpros, short, and ervXos, a column ; in allusion to the short column.) 1. Cyrtostylis reniformis (Br. Prodr. 322) ; folio oblongo v. orbiculari-cordato, perianthii foliolis anguste linearibus acutis, labello lineari-oblongo medio obscure bicarinato.— Lind]. L e. 398. (Gunn, 615.) (Tas. CXIX. C.) Has. Common in damp shaded woods and banks.—(Fl. Sept.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. Puare CXIX. C. Fig. 1, column and Jabellum ; 2, labellum ; 3, column; 4 and 5, pollen :—all magnified. Gen. XIV. ERIOCHILUS, Zr. Perianthium bilabiatum, glandulosum. Sepalum dorsale breve, erectum ; lateralia unguiculata, labello supposita. Petala ascendentia, linearia. Labellum unguiculatum, inappendiculatum, indivisum, pubescens, eglandulosum. Columna semiteres, non dilatata. Anthera terminalis. Pollinia 4. — Herb simplices, erecte, glandulose ; caule gracili, paucifforo, unifolio, florifero aphyllo, basi tubere globoso terminato; folio ovato; floribus pallidis. A small Australian genus, of about six species, the majority of them natives of Swan River. Z. autumnalis is a slender, glandular, pubescent plant, 4-10 inches high, with a round, tuberous root, a small, ovate, sessile leaf, produced at a different season from the flower, and one or two terminal, pale rose-coloured flowers, 2-2 inch long. — Bract short, blunt. Ovary slender. Perianth two-lipped ; the upper lip of a linear, erect dorsal sepal, and two similar petals; the lower of two petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, prominent sepals. Labellum short, re- curved, pubescent, entire, without glands or appendages. Column straight, its margins hardly dilated. (Name from epos, hairy, and xedos, a lip.) l. Eriochilus autumnalis (Br. Prodr. 323); folio epigeo ovato acuminato, scapo 1—3-floro flori- busque glanduloso-puberulis, bracteis obtusis membranaceis.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 427; Endl. Ic. Gen. t. 1592. (Gunn, 607.) (Tas. CXX. A.) Has. Common in open and somewhat dry ground throughout the Island, Archer, Gunn.— (Fl. Sept.) DisrRis. New South Wales and Victoria, I do not observe the petals to be dilated and denticulate, as described by Lindley.—PrArg CXX. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2, labellum ; 3, gland; 4, front, and 5, side view of column; 6, pollen :—aJJ magnified. Gen. XV. CALADENIA, Br. Perianthium bilabiatum, extus glandulosum. Sepala lateralia labello supposita, dorsale erectum. Pe- tala erecta v. patentia. Labellum unguiculatum, cucullatum, trilobum y. abrupte angustatum ; disco glan- dulis seriatis cristato. Columna membranaceo-dilatata. Anthera terminalis. Pollinia 4, semibiloba.— Herber pubescentes, pilosa v. villose ; caudice subterraneo, tuberibus terminato; folio solitario, radicali v. caulino, basi vaginato ; scapo medio 1-bracteato ; floribus 1-4, colore variis. A large extratropical Australian genus, of which about 40 species are known, and there are several others natives of New Zealand.—Glandular, sometimes villous, pubescent herbs, with few root-fibres terminating in globose Orchidee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 27 tubers, and one sessile, sheathing, radical leaf. Flowers glandular, solitary or few, of all colours, large or small, some- times with very long, slender sepals and petals, and commonly called Butterfly-plants in Tasmania. Dorsal sepal generally concave, pointing forwards; lateral placed beneath the labellum. Petals erect or spreading. Zabellum clawed, cucullate, with incurved, membranous, often fimbriate margins, entire or three-lobed, generally much con- tracted beyond the middle, its disc with two or more rows of pedicelled glands. Column with membranous margins. (Name from kados, beautiful, and av, a gland ; in allusion to the glandular labellum.) Kag $ 1. LEPTOCERAS (Br.).—Petals linear, erect, longer than the sepals. 1. Caladenia Menziesii (Br. Prodr. 325); glanduloso-pubescens, folio ovato-lanceolato v. lineari- oblongo, scapo stricto 1-2-floro, petalis erectis linearibus strictis sepalis duplo longioribus atro-purpureis, labello abrupte angustato recurvo, disci glandulis biseriatis.— Leptoceras Menziesii, Zindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 416; Endl. in Plant. Preiss. ii. 6. (Gunn, 348, 753.) (Tas. CXXI. A.) Has. Common in moist places throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v. v.) Disrris. Victoria to Swan River. A span to a foot high, covered with glandular pubescence.— Leaf very variable in size and form, 2-5 inches long, ovate-lanceolate to linear-oblong. Flowers one or two, rose-coloured, distinguished at once by the linear, erect, dark-purple petals. Odour very sweet, of hyacinths.—PrATE CXXI. 4. Fig. 1, side, 2, back, and 3, front views of labellum ; 4, front, and 5, side views of column; 6, glands of ditto :—all magnified. $ 2. CALONEMA (Lindl.).—Sepals and petals much elongated and caudate at the apex. Labellum fimbriated. Leaves slender in the Tasmanian species. 2. Caladenia filamentosa (Br. Prodr. 324, non Lindl.) ; molliter patentim pilosa, sepalis petalis- que sequalibus longissime filiformibus puberulis atro-rufis, labello apice angustato elongato revoluto nudo marginibus crenulatis, disco biseriatim glanduloso, columna basi ecallosa apice biauriculata. (Tam. CXXI. Has. Forests: Cheshunt and Georgetown, Archer.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrRrB. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. Archer's specimens of this fine species are the only Tasmanian ones I have seen; they are about a span long, and covered with long, patent, soft hairs. Flowers of a dark reddish-brown colour, 13-2 inches broad; the sepals and petals long-linear, but not thickened at the apex. Lip with a rather long, slender, revolute apex, slightly cre- nulate, with two short series of glands on the disc. Column auriculate at the apex.—PrATE CXXI. B. Fig. 1, column and labellum ; 2 and 3, labellum ; 4, column :—all magnified. 8. Caladenia dilatata (Br. Prodr. 325) ; molliter patentim villosa, floribus pallidis, sepalis longe filiformibus apice interdum dilatatis vix puberulis, petalis brevioribus anguste linearibus, labello medio dilatato profunde pectinatim lacero dein abrupte angustato crenulato, glandulis disci confertim 4-seriatis, columna basi bicallosa apicem versus dilatata.—C. filamentosa, Lindi. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 421. C. tentacu- lata, Schlecht. (Gunn, 910.) (Tas. CXXII. B.) Has. Sandy soil: Circular Head, Gunn; forest lands near Cheshunt, Arc4er.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. South Australia, Victoria. A very elegant species, more villous than C. filamentosa, and with paler flowers, easily recognized by the sepals being linear-oblong for half their length, and then filiform, much longer than the petals, and being often somewhat dilated towards the tips; further also by the labellum being very broad at the middle, its margins there pectinate, and suddenly contracting to a narrow, crenulate, recurved apex; also by the four rows of long, purple glands on the deep-purple lip, and by the winged, but not auriculate, upper one-third of the column.—Pıarz CXXII. B. Fig. 1, column and labellum; 2 and 3, labellum; 4, column; 5, pollen; 6, hair of leaf :—all magnified. 28 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. 4. Caladenia clavigera (A. Cunn. MSS. in Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 422) ; patentim villosissima, floribus pallide rufis glabris, sepalis apice clavellatis petalisque subzequalibus longissime filiformibus, labello medio dilatato integro deinceps abrupte angustato crenato apice recurvo, glandulis disci 4-seriatis, columna supra medium dilatata basi bicallosa. (Gunn, 344.) (Tas. OXXII. A.) Has. Circular Head? Gunn ; west side of Tamar River, near Whirlpool Reach, Arcker.—(Fl. Nov.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. D A very elegant species, about a span high, one- rarely two-flowered, covered with long, patent, villous hairs.— Flowers 1 inch across, nearly glabrous. Sepals and petals equal in length, pale-reddish, the former with club- shaped tips. Zabellum like that of C. dilatata, but not pectinate, deep red-purple at the tip. Column gradually dilated from above the middle. Ovary pubescent.—PrLATE CXXII. 4. Fig. 1, column and petal; 2, labellum; 3, column; 4, apex of sepal :—all magnified. 5. Caladenia Patersoni (Br. Prodr. 325) ; molliter patentim villosa, floribus pallidis pubescenti- bus, ovariis tomentosis, sepalis longissime filiformibus petalis consimilibus longioribus, labello medio vix dilatato argute serrulato et pectinato sensim angustato (interdum longissime caudato) revoluto, disci pallidi glandulis parvis 6-seriatis, ungue basi 4-glanduloso, columna basi bicallosa leviter dilatata. (Gunn, 610, 908, 909.) (Tas. CXXIII. 4.) Haz. Abundant in poor soil throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v.v.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia.  very common and elegant plant, variable in size and colour, also in the length of the sepals and petals ; best known by the form of the (usually pale) labellum, which is very slightly broader in the middle, and gradually tapers to a revolute point; the margins of the labellum about the middle are deeply pectinate, but not like those of C. dilatata, and the disc bears six rows of glands.—Scapes often robust, 4-10 inches high, one- to three-flowered. Leaf 3-5 inches long, often 3 inch broad. Ovary very tomentose. Flowers varying from straw-colour, clouded with pale red, to reddish-purple, 14-3 inches in diameter. Sepals and petals nearly equal, very long and slender, some- times rather dilated towards the apex. Zabellum gradually narrowed to a point, that is sometimes an inch long, and at others short. Pate CXXIIL 4. Fig. 1, column and labellum; 2, labellum; 3, column; 4, pollen :—all magnified. 6. Caladenia pallida (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 421); breviter patentim pilosa, bractea scapo breviter foliaceo, floribus pallidis glabris, sepalis e basi lanceolatis longissime acuminatis apice scaberulis petalis + longioribus, labello ovato-lanceolato a medio paulo dilatato pectinato sensim angustato crenato dentato revoluto, disci concoloris glandulis 4-seriatis, columna modice longitudinaliter alata. (Gunn, 907 d Has. Circular Head, abundant, Gunn.— (Fl. Oct., Nov.) Disrris. South Australia.  very elegant species, and guite distinct from any of the foregoing, easily recognized by the pale colour of its flowers, which are smaller, and the sepals and petals broader in proportion to their length.— Leaf narrow-linear, almost glabrous. Scape very slender, a span and upwards high, covered with soft, spreading pubescence, the bract at the middle with an elongated linear lamina, i inch long. Flowers an inch across, pale, dirty straw-coloured. Sepals sometimes thickened towards their apices. Labellum deeply and closely erenulate towards its apex. Column with narrow wings almost throughout its length. $ 3. EUCALADENIA (Lindl.).—Sepals and petals spreading, nearly equal, not having long, acuminate or caudate apices. . T. Caladenia latifolia (Br. l Prodr. 324) ; patentim pilosa, folio (magno) lineari-oblongo acuto v. obtuso, floribus 1-3 erectis roseis, ovario tomentoso, sepalis petalisque oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis subæ- Orchidee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 29 qualibus, labelli trilobi glandulis biseriatis, lobis lateralibus amplis intermedio lanceolato marginibus longe glanduloso-appendiculatis, disco eglanduloso, columna vix alata, anthera longe mucronata.— Zind/. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 419. (Gunn, 150.) Has. Sandy soil: Woolnorth, Circular Head, and Georgetown, Gunn; hills near Hobarton, Archer.— (Fl. Sept., Oct.) DisrRiB. Victoria, Adamson, Robertson. A very pretty plant, readily distinguished from its allies by its broad, large leaf, and pink (rarely white) flowers. I have examined two specimens, collected by Archer, near Hobarton, of which the flowers were blue when fresh. — Leaf radical, horizontal, 2-6 inches long, linear-oblong, more or less hairy. Scape with spreading hairs, one- to three-flowered. Flowers nearly an inch broad. Sepals and petals lanceolate-oblong, blunt (acute, Br.). Labellum deeply three-lobed; the lateral lobes broad, entire, embracing the column. Anther with a long, erect mucro. $. Caladenia barbata (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 418); pubescenti-pilosa, folio lineari scapo breviusculo breviore, bractea foliacea patente, flore solitario ceruleo erecto, sepalis petalisque lineari-ob- longis lanceolatisve subacutis, labello obscure trilobo, lobis omnibus fimbriatis intermedio glanduloso, disei glandulis sub-6-seriatis, columna obscure alata, anthera breviter mucronata.—C. unguiculata, Lindl. l. c. (Gunn, 347.) (Tas. CXXIII. B.) Has. Abundant in grassy pastures, etc., throughout the Island.—(Fl. Sept., Oct.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. This is the common blue Caladenia of Tasmania, characterized by its linear leaf, solitary, nearly erect flower, 3-1 inch broad, equal, spreading, lanceolate-oblong or linear-lanceolate, subacute sepals and petals, by the labellum being obscurely two-lobed and fimbriate to the apex, and by the short mucro to the anther.—Prare CXXIII. B. Fig. 1, column and labellum ; 2, labellum ; 3, column; 4, glands of ditto :—all magnified. 9. Caladenia cærulea (Br. Prodr. 327); pilosula, folio lineari, bractea scapo appressa, flore soli- tario erecto cæruleo, sepalis petalisque æqualibus lineari-lanceolatis acutis, labello 3-lobo, lobis integerrimis transverse vittatis.—Lindl. 1. c. Has. Tasmania, Brown. DistriB. New South Wales. I have seen no Tasmanian specimens of this very distinct species, which is allied to C. barbata, but is more slender, less hairy, with a small, appressed bract on the scape; a deeply three-lobed labellum, with broad, entire, lateral lobes ; and a small, also entire, revolute middle lobe. 10. Caladenia carnea (Br. Prodr. 324); pilosula, folio lineari, scapo 1- (rarius 2-)floro, sepalis petalisque roseis subæqualibus, sepalo dorsali erecto v. recurvo columnam roseo-vittatam non velante, labelli vittati 3-lobi disco glandulis 2-seriatis ornato, lobis lateralibus rotundatis integerrimis dentatisve inter- medio brevi revoluto longitudinaliter fimbriato disco nudo.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 417; Endl. Icon. t. 1594. (Gunn, 606, 912.) (Tas. CXXIV. A.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island, in grassy places and open forest land.—(Fl. Oct,, Nov.) (v. v.) Distris. South-eastern Australia, from the tropics to South Australia. A very common, slender, generally one-flowered species, 4-8 inches high, with pilose scape and long-linear leaf.— Flowers pink, about 3-4 inch across. Sepals and petals nearly equal, linear-lanceolate, acute; dorsal sepal erect, not concave, or covering the column, as in all the following species. Labellum three-lobed, transversely banded with pink (as is the column); lateral lobes rounded, entire or toothed; disc with two series of yellow, capi- tate glands; middle lobe small, yellow, revolute, fimbriate along the edges, its dise naked.—PraTE CXXIV. A. VOL. II. I 30 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. Fig. 1, column and labellum; 2 and 3, views of labellum; 4, column; 5, glands of labellum; 6, pollen :—all magnified. ll. Caladenia congesta (Br. Prodr. 324) ; pilosula, folio lineari, scapo 1-3-floro, floribus roseis, sepalis petalisque subzquilongis acuminatis, sepalo dorsali fornicato columnam velante, labelli trilobi non vittati glandulis atro-purpureis 4-seriatis depressis confertissimis, infimis longioribus stipitatis, lobis laterali- bus longioribus quam latis subacutis, intermedio atro-purpureo recurvo margine integerrimo.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 421. (Tas. CXXIV. B.) - Has. Tasmania, Paterson ; open forest land, Cheshunt and Port Sorrell, Archer.—(Fl. Nov.) Disrrıs. New South Wales and South-western Australia. Similar at first sight to C. carnea, as indeed are all the following species, but very distinct. It may be known by the arched dorsal sepal, which more or less conceals the column, by the absence of red bands on the column and labellum, by the long lateral lobes of the labellum, by its deep black-purple middle lobe, with entire margins, and especially by the glands of the labellum, which are black-purple, crowded in four series, of which the basal ones are longest, and by their glands being continued on to the surface of the middle lobe.—Prarz CXXIV. B. Fig. 1, column and labellum ; 2 and 3, labellum ; 4, column :—all magnified. 12. Caladenia alata (Br. Prodr. 324); pubescens, folio lineari, scapo elongato 3-5-floro, perian- thii foliolis acuminatis, sepalo dorsali fornicato columnam velante roseo-vittato, labelli trilobi vittati disco glandulis 2- v. sub-4-seriatis, lobis lateralibus rotundatis integerrimis intermedio flavo plus minusve fim- briato.—Lindl. l.c. 418; Smith, Er. Bot. 104, (Gunn, 755.) (Tas. CXXV. 4.) Has. Probably a common species: sandy soil near Hobarton, Gunn ; open forest land, Cheshunt, Archer.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. I have referred this plant to Brown's C. alata with some hesitation; the glands on the dise of the labellum are often in four rows, though each pair of these are irregularly disposed, and often run together, whilst in some specimens there are decidedly only two rows; another important difference is in the middle lobe of the labellum, which is möre or less crenate or fimbriate throughout its length, thus differing from Brown's character of “ basi utringue unidentato;” but I find the fimbriation of the middle lobe to vary a good deal in all the species. The lateral lobes of the labellum vary much in breadth.—This is a much taller plant than any other of this section, 10-18 inches high, with several (two to five) flowers (rarely one only) of a pale, dirty pink or whitish colour. The leaflets of the perianth vary much in size and relative shape, but all are acuminate; the dorsal sepal arches, and is about the same size as the petals; the lateral sepals are broader and longer. ZLabellum banded with pink; middle lobe yellow. Column also banded with pink.—PrATE CXXV. 4. Fig. 1 and 2, labellum; 3 and 4, column :—all magnified. 13. Caladenia angustata (Lindl. Le 420); pubescenti-pilosa, folio filiformi, scapo tenui 1-2- floro, floribus roseis, sepalis petalisque subzqualibus acuminatis dorsali fornicato columnam velante, labello (columnaque) roseo-vittato, disco glandulis sparsis 4-seriatis, lobis lateralibus angustis integerrimis inter- medio flavo fimbriato basi glanduloso,—C. gracilis, Br. ? Prodr. 824. (Gunn, 911.) (Tas. CXXV. B.) Has. Probably common : Circular Head, Cheshunt, Hobarton, etc., Paterson, Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) : Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. A small, slender species, very similar indeed to C. carmea, but with an arched dorsal sepal.— Leaves very nar- row. Scape 4-8 inches high. Flowers generally solitary, pink. Sepals and petals acuminate. Labellum with rather narrow, entire lateral lobes; disc with four rows of small, scattered glands, that are produced on to the yel- low-red middle lobe; the latter is more or less crenate or fimbriate: in some of Mr. Archer’s specimens the tooth- Orchidee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 31 ing is confined to the small process on each side, at the very base, and these I was inclined to refer to Brown's C. alata, but the glands are decidedly in four rows, and the middle lobe of the labellum is also glandular.— PrATE CXXV. B. Fig. 1, column and labellum ; 2, labellum ; 3, glands of ditto; 4, column; 5, pollen :—all magnified. Gen. XVI. GLOSSODIA, Br. Perianthium patens; sepalis petalisque subegualibus. Labellum brevius, indivisum, eglandulosum, basi appendice elongata instructum. Columna membranaceo-alata. Anthera terminalis. Pollinia 4, com- pressa.— Herb terrestres, pilose; radicibus tubere tunicato terminatis ; folio solitario, radicali, patente ; scapo l-floro, gracili, l-bracteato ; flore majusculo, ceruleo, extus glanduloso ; pedicello basi bracteato ; appendice Zabelli linguam serpentis amulante. The few known species of this genus are all of them Australian, and extremely nearly allied to Caladenia, of which indeed they may be considered a section, with no glands on the disc of the labellum, and a solitary, bifid, long appendix at the base of that organ, resembling somewhat a serpent's tongue, whence the name.—G. major is a slender plant, 5-12 inches high, covered with patent hairs; it has a linear-oblong, horizontal, radical leaf, one- or two-flowered scape, with a bract at the middle, and another beneath the flower. Flower about 1 inch across, pale blue. Sepals and petals pale blue, linear-oblong, blunt. 1. Glossodia major (Br. Prodr. 326); labello ovato acuminato basi pubescente, appendice apice bilobo.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 423; Endl. Icon. t. 41. (Gunn, 608.) (Tas. CXX. B.) Has. Common in poor sandy soil throughout the Colony.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. Dap CXX. B. Fig. 1 and 2, labellum; 3 and 4, column :—all magnified. Tribe III. GAsTRODIEZ. Gen. XVII. GASTRODIA, Zr. Perianthii foliola in tubum apice 5-fidum basi ventricosum connata. Labellum parvum, posticum, un- guiculatum, tubo inclusum. Columna basi antice stigmatifera. Anthera terminalis, decidua. Pollinia 4, per paria cohzrentia, e granulis magnis elastice coherentibus.—Herbe carnose, erecta, aphylle, sordide albe ; radice tuberosa v. elongata, torta, tereti ; scapo squamis distantibus vaginato ; floribus racemosis, pen- dulis, albis v. ochroleucis. A remarkable genus, confined, as far as is-at present known, to Australia and New Zealand, though probably some Malay Island and Indian plants will prove congeners. The G. sesamoides is a tall, robust, pale whity-brown, erect, leafless herb, 10-24 inches high, bearing a many-flowered, nodding raceme of pedicelled, tubular, pendulous flowers. —Root an elongated tuber, full of starch and mucilage, eaten by the aborigines. Scape with a few, remote, scarious bracts. Flowers about 2 inch long. Ovary small. Perianth gibbous at the base. Sepals and petals united into a subcampanulate, oblique tube. Mouth with three somewhat reflexed large lobes (apices of sepals), and two internal smaller ones (petals). Zabellum included, posticous, unguiculate, contracted above and below the middle, with crenulated and rather verrucose margins and mesial ridge; claw concave from the base. Column elon- gated, hollow on the anterior face, scarcely winged. Anther short, terminal. Pollen-masses four, united in pairs. Stigma a viscid depression at the base of the column ; from its base a canal leads to the cavity of the ovary. (Name from yaornp, a stomach; in allusion to the form of the flower.) l. Gastrodia sesamoides (Dr. Prodr. 350); radice tuberosa, perianthio breviter urceolato-cam- panulato, columna elongata.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 384; Endl. Icon. t. 5. (Gunn, 359, 613.) (Tas. CXXVI.) 32 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Orchidee. Has. Dense humid forests, probably not uncommon, as at Circular Head, Table Cape, Georgetown, etc., Lawrence, Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) Disrris. New South Wales. Pirate CXXVI. Fig. 1 and 2, ovary, column, and labellum; 3, front view of column; 4 and 5, pollen; 6, grain of ditto; 7, seed; 8, nucleus of ditto in water :—all magnified. Tribe IV. VANDEA. Gen. XVIII. DIPODIUM, Br. Perianthium subregulare, patens. Sepala et petala subsequalia. Labellum unguieulatum ; ungue magno, canaliculato, excavato ; marginibus callosis, e columne basi productis; lamina cum ungue articulata, oblonga, integra; disco apicem versus barbato v. glanduloso. Columna semiteres, ungue labelli zequilonga. Anthera terminalis, decidua. Pollinia 2, globosa, cereacea, biloba, caudiculis distinctis glandule stigmatis affixa.—Herbe glabra, terrestres, aphylle ; radice e fibris crassis carnosis articulatis 3 scapo robusto, vagi- nato ; racemo multifloro ; floribus sublonge pedicellatis, patentibus, roseis. This remarkable genus is, so far as is at present known, confined to Australia and New Caledonia; it is one of the few terrestrial Vandee of the southern hemisphere. D. punctatum is a stout, erect, leafless, glabrous herb, 1-2 feet high.— Roots of many spreading, stout, articulate, terete fibres. Scape strict, erect, with a few ap- pressed, short, sheathing, acuminate scales, which are more numerous and i abricating at the base of the scape. Raceme erect, 3-6 inches long. Flowers deep pink or purplish, on long, Perianth spreading. Sepals and petals nearly equal, linear-oblong, spotted with darker colour. Zabellum about as long as the petals, of t claw, with which the rather longer, oblong, thick, straight lamina is lumn straight, semiterete, as long as the claw of the labellum, te celled anther, below which is a small stigma. Pollen-masses two, globose, two-lobed, waxy, attached to the stig- matic gland by short caudicles. (Name from dis, two, and mous, a foot; in allusion to the caudicled pollen.) l. Dipodium punctatum (Br. Prodr. 331); squamis radicalibus late ovatis acutis ecarinatis, rioribus ad basin fissis, bracteis lanceolatis, labello recto Feot. Bot. i. 21. t. 12; Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 186 CXXVII.) Has. Forests: Circular Head, Gunn; Port Sorrell growing near Fucalypti, Archer.— (El. March ?) DisrRis. New South Wales and Victoria. Piare CXXVII. Fig. 1 and 2, labellum ; 3 and 4, column :—all magnified. slender, spreading pedicels, 3 inch long. obtuse, with recurved margins, rose-coloured, wo parts, a broad, subconcave, thick, margined jointed; lamina glandular in the middle. Co- rminated by a small, convex, deciduous, two- supe- disco glanduloso.—Dendrobium punctatum, Smith, ; Bot. Reg. xxiii. t. 1980. (Gunn, 197.) (Tan, and Cheshunt, in stony and moist places, generally Perianthium ringens. Sepala lanceolato-oblonga ; dorsale erectum; lateralià subfalcata, ungui elongato ! abellum longe unguiculatum, porrectum ; lamina 3-loba, disco tuberculato, mucrone inflexo, lobis lateralibus late oblongis, obtusis, ascendentibus, conniventibus, Columna brevis, semiteres, aptera, rostello bifido. Anthera 2-locularis. Pollinia 4, cereacea, per paria globosa, arcte connata, caudiculm late lineari adnata.— Herba epiphytica ; radicibus tortis, filiformibus, elongatis; caule brevissimo ; foliis 3-5, distichis, Jalcatis, lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi articulatis ` scapo breviusculo ; floribus flavis, racemosis, patentibus, longiuscule pedicellatis. Gunnia is one of the most southern of the Epiphytie Orchidee, and is unknown in Australia, where epiphytes have hitherto been found only to the northward of Port Jackson or Illawarra. It is closely allied to the genus Lridee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 33 Sarcochilus of Australia and New Zealand. —Gunnia australis, the only known species, is a small Epiphyte, almost stemless, with numerous tufted, very long, flattened, tortuous, filiform roots, often a foot long, that spread along the decayed twigs of the shrubs in which it grows, or are pendulous in the air.— Leaves three to five, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, falcate, 2-4 inches long, with numerous parallel veins, jointed on to the stem. Raceme about as long as the leaves, six- to ten-flowered. Flowers yellow, spreading, pedicelled, about 4 inch broad, very sweet-scented, like honeysuckle. Sepals oblong-lanceolate; the dorsal erect; lateral connate with the long claw of the labellum, spreading. Petals lanceolate, free, ascending. Zabellum with a long, prominent unguis, bearing at its apex a small, tuberculate disc, which expands into a three-lobed lamina, formed of two incurving, broad- oblong, lateral lobes, and a smaller, oblong, emarginate middle lobe. Column very short. Anther terminal, hemi- spherical, two-celled. Pollen-masses appearing to be only two, and globose, but each formed of a closely combined pair, attached to a strap-shaped caudicle, which unites them to the top of the stigma. (Named in honour of R. C. Gunn, Esq., F.R.S., of Tasmania.) 1. Gunnia australis (Lindl. in Bot. Reg. n. 1699). (Guan, 436.) (Tas. CXXVIII.) Haz. On the trunks and branches of bushes and small trees in dense forests at Emu Bay, Black River, Circular Head, Great Swan Port, ete., Backhouse, Milligan, Gunn.—(Fl. March.) Prare CXXVIIL Fig. 1, flower; 2, column, anther, and pollen; 3, the same, with anther and pollen re- moved; 4 and 5, upper and lower side of anther-case; 6, pollen; 7, transverse section of ovary :—all magnified. Nat. On». Il. IRIDEA. Upwards of thirty /ridee have been discovered in extratropical Australia, of which only one or two advance northward into the tropic. They belong to three genera, of which one only, Libertia, is extra- Australian, being found in New Zealand and Chili. By far the greater number of species are inhabitants of South-western Australia, and only one or two are common to that and the south-eastern quarter. "Gen. I. PATERSONIA, Br. Perianthium petaloideum, regulare, hypocrateriforme, tubo gracili; limbi sexpartiti laciniis interioribus minutis. Stamina 3, filamentis connatis. Stylus capillaceus. Stigmata 9, lamellata, indivisa. Capsula polysperma, spathis tecta. —Herbe perennes; radice fibrosa; caule subnullo ; foliis equitantibus, ensiformi- bus ; scapo simplici, ebracteato; spatha esteriore bivalvi, spathas partiales unifloras confertas includente ; floribus sensim erumpentibus, fugacibus, ceruleis, immaculatis; seminibus sepius angulis internis loculi, nunc columne centrali, affizis. The plants of this genus, of whtich about twenty-four are known, are for the most part very beautiful, but owing to the exceedingly fugacious corolla, are difficult of preservation in a good state for after examination. glauca, the only common Tasmanian species, is a perfectly glabrous, rigid herb, 1-1} foot high, with fibrous roots, very short rhizome, and equitant, linear, sword-shaped, rigid, pungent leaves, 6-18 inches long and 4 broad, slightly convex on both surfaces, and roughish at the margin, enclosed in sheathing, brown scales at the base. Scape very much shorter than the leaves, 1-3 inches long. Outer spathe of two equal, lanceolate, glabrous leaves, 1 inch long, containing several, much narrower, scarious, shining, red-brown bracts, of equal length, each of which encloses a flower. Perianth with a very slender tube, and six-lobed, regular limb, of which the alternate lobes are very minute, pale blue; larger lobes rounded-obovate. Style erect, short, with three broad, spreading, foliaceous, stigmatic lobes. Capsule prismatic, linear, shorter than the spathe, three-valved ; valves leaving a slender, erect, central column, to which the seeds are attached. Seeds linear-ovoid, dark red-brown, shining, polished, with a con- spicuous white funiculus.—Gunn considers that there are two Tasmanian species, but the shrivelled state of the corolla of his specimens prevents me from determining this point. (Named ìn honour of Colonel William Paterson, a sedulous investigator of New South Wales botany.) VOL. II. K 34 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Jridee. 1. Patersonia glauca (Br. Prodr. 304); glaberrima, foliis anguste linearibus rigidis pungentibus utringue leviter convexis, scapo gracili foliis multoties breviore, spathis 3-floris lanceolatis glaberrimis, perianthii laciniis obovato-rotundatis, stylo erecto brevi.—Endl. Icon. t. 50; Bot. Mag. t. 2677. Genoseris fragilis, Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 18. t. ix. (Gunn, 762, 1379, 1380, 1381: an due species confuse ?) Has. Abundant in wet, peaty soil, in the northern parts of the Island, Brown, Gunn, etc.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. Gen. II. DIPLARRHENA, Br. Perianthium petaloideum, sexpartitum ; laciniis interioribus minoribus; superiore dissimili fornicata. Stamina 2, fertilia sub superiore laciniarum interiorum conniventia; tertium castratum. S/igma bilabiatum, 3-partitum. Capsula oblonga, trigona.—Herba perennis, glaberrima; radice fibrosa ; caule brevi, foliato ; folus ensiformibus ; scapo vaginato ; spatha communi bivalvi, foliaceo, bracteas unifloras confertas inclu- dente; floribus pedicellatis, albis ; laciniis perianthii interioribus pictis. I have only seen Tasmanian specimens of this beautiful plant, of which one species is so extremely common as to cover many acres with its white blossoms; its comparative rarity in the continent of Australia is hence remarkable.—Rhizome very short. _ Leaves radical and alternate on the stem or scape, narrow-linear, perfectly glabrous, striate, rigid, but not so much so as those of Patersonia, 1-2 feet long, acuminate, smooth and flat on both surfaces, 4-3 inch broad. Scape erect, compressed, generally longer than the radical leaves, often flexuous, sometimes branched, bearing several sheathing bracts, and one to three spathes. Spathes of two lanceolate leaves 13-2 inches long, containing several flowers, enclosed in scarious bracteoles. Ovary very long. Perianth without a tube, white, 13—2 inches broad, of six obovate-oblong, spreading, membranous lobes, of which the three inner are smaller, and one is arched. Stamens three, two fertile, conniving, the third with an imperfect anther. Stigma three-lobed. Capsule exserted beyond the sheath, oblong, three-angled ; cells with one row of densely packed, ver- tically flattened, opaque seeds. (Name from Simos, double, and appyy, male; in allusion to the two perfect stamina.) 1. Diplarrhena Morzea (Br. Prodr. 304). (Gunn, 955.) Var. B. alpina; foliis brevioribus latioribusque. (Gunn, 137 8.) Has. Abundant in good soil throughout the Island.—Var. 8. in alpine situations, elev. 4000 feet, Gunn.— (Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v. v.) DisrRIB. Victoria. Gen. III. LIBERTIA, Spr. Perianthium 6-partitum, regulare; foliolis subzequalibus v. interioribus majoribus, basi angustatis. Stamina 3, omnia fertilia. Stigmata 3, filiformia. Capsula clavata v. globosa, 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis. Semina biseriata, angulata.—Herbe gladre ; radice fibrosa ; foliis gramineis, equitantibus ; caule v. scapo teretiusculo ; inflorescentia subpaniculata ; pedicellis subumbellatis ; spathis persistentibus, alternis subverticillatis v. involucratis ; floribus albis. There are about six Australian species of this genus known, chiefly natives of the south-west quarter; others are found in New Zealand and South Chili.—Herós, with equitant, striated, linear, grassy, rarely rigid leaves, and paniculate inflorescence, the peduncles of which are fasciculate, and enclosed in opposite or whorled, spathaceous bracts, hence often appearing umbellate. Perianth regular, white, six-lobed. Stamens three; filaments connate or free. Stigmas three, filiform. Capsule coriaceous, turgid, three-celled ; cells with two rows of dark, angled seeds. (Nemed in honour of Madame Libert, author of a work on Hepatice.) l. Libertia Laurencei (Hook. fil.) ; rhizomate gracili, foliis patentibus marginibus ciliolatis, inflo- Hypoxidee. | | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 35 rescentia subumbellata, spathis fasciculorum subverticillatis, pedicellis filiformibus puberulis, perianthii foliolis obovato-oblongis, filamentis basi vix connatis. (Gunn, 270.) (TAB. CXXIX.) Haz. Dense woods, abundant in various parts of the Island, ascending to 4000 feet; Western Mountains, Laurence; Acheron River, Hampshire Hills, etc., Guna.—(Fl. Nov.) A very elegant, white-flowered, little plant, forming large patches in shaded forests.—Rhizome slender, 1 inch long, giving off slender root-fibres. Leaves 3-6 inches long, 4-4 inch broad, with minutely ciliated margins. Scapes slender, longer than the leaves, once or twice divided near the top. Pedicels filiform, in fascicles, subtended by one or several lanceolate spathes, which approach, and form a whorl or involucre. Flowers about 4 inch broad. Capsules globose, size of a small pea.—PrATE CXXIX. Fig. 1, flower; 2, stamen ; 3, ovary and stigma ; 4, transverse section of ovary; 5, capsule; 6, transverse section of ditto; 7, seed; 8, ditto, cut longitudinally :—al/ magnified. Nar. On». II. HA MODORACEZ. The plants of this Order are for the most part natives of the southern hemisphere, and especially of Brazil, South Africa, and Australia. Those that are natives of the latter locality are almost exclusively found in South-western Australia, whence nearly fifty species have been brought; there are also three or four New South Wales species, all belonging to the genus Hemodorum, which is both a tropical one and a native of Tasmania. The Order is allied to Melanthacea and Iridea, differing from the former in its in- trorse anthers, entire stigma, and usually inferior ovary, and from the latter in the stamens, when only three, being opposite the inner lobes of the perianth. Gen. I. HAMODORUM, Sm. Perianthium superum v. semisuperum, 6-partitum, persistens, glabrum. Stamina 3. Ovarium 3- loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis; stylo filiformi; stigmate simplici. Capsula semisupera v. supera, 3-loba, locu- licide 3-valvis. Semina 2, peltata, compressa; testa membranacea ; umbilico ventrali; albumine carnoso ; embryone minimo.—Herbx glabra ; radicibus e fibris incrassatis tuberibusve coccineis elongatis fasciculatis ; caulibus foliatis ; foliis equitantibus, aversis, planis compressisve ; floribus corymbosis, rarius spicatis. Upwards of twelve species of Hemodorum are known, all natives of Australia, and, with the exception of two or three, of the south-western quarter. The Tasmanian H. distichophyllum is a small, tufted, rigid herb, with dis- tichous, equitant, compressed leaves, 2-3 inches long, and a stout central scape about the same length, covered with large, concave, loosely sheathing, coriaceous bracts, and bearing a small, compact head of corymbose flowers.— Peri- anth 4 inch across, of six nearly equal; spreading, obovate-oblong leaflets. Stamens three, with slender, erect fila- ments, and small, introrse anthers. Ovary half-superior, three-lobed, three-celled ; cells with two ovules in each. Style slender, erect, undivided, with a simple, inconspicuous stigma. Capsule almost wholly superior, three-lobed, coria- ceous, splitting down the back of each lobe. Seeds two, compressed. (Name from aipa, blood, and dwpov, a gift.) l. Heemodorum distichophyllum (Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 854); humilis, foliis distichis equitantibus e basi longe vaginante lineari-subulatis compressis coriaceis, scapo brevi robusto bracteato, bracteis coria- ceis laxis concavis, floribus capitatis, foliolis perianthii interioribus paulo minoribus basi staminiferis, sta- minibus exsertis. (Gunn, 2055.) Has. Heathy hills near Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan.— (Fl. Nov.) Nar. Orv. IV. HYPOXIDEA. A small Order, whose species are natives of South Africa and Australia chiefly, though several are found in India, the Malay Islands, and other parts of the world. 36 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Aypoxidez. Gen. I. HYPOXIS, L. Perianthium superum, 6-partitum, patens, eeguale, persistens. Stamina 6; filamentis brevibus disco epigyno insertis; antheris introrsis. Ovarium 3-loculare ; loculis multi-ovulatis; ovulis 2-serlatis, amphi- tropis. Stigmata 3, angulis styli erecti adnata v. libera. Capsula 1-8-locularis, evalvis. Semina plurima ; testa coriacea; umbilico laterali rostelliformi; albumine molli, carnoso; embryone recto, axili ; radicula su- pera, hilo remota.—Herba radice tuberosa, tunicata ; foliis planis linearibusve ; scapo óracteato, l-pluri- Joro ; floribus sepissime flavis. Of this genus, which abounds in South Africa, only four or five Australian species are known. All are small herbs, with narrow, grassy, or filiform leaves, coated tubers, and. slender, one- or several-flowered scapes. Flowers yellow, erect. Perianth superior, of six equal, spreading pieces. Stamens six, inserted on an epigynous disc or thickened base of the perianth ; filaments short; anthers introrse. Style erect, with three adnate or free stigmas. Ovary inferior, three-celled ; cells with many ovules in two rows. Fruit indehiscent, three-celled, or with the dissepiments sometimes obliterated, coriaceous or membranous, crowned with the withered perianth. Seeds with a small, subulate point or hook at the umbilicus. (Name from ize, beneath, and o&vs, sharp ; in allusion to the elon- gate base of the capsule.) l. Hypoxis hygrometrica (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 82. t. 108); pilosa, foliis anguste linearibus filifor- mibusve scapo gracili 1-2-floro longioribus, floribus majusculis, filamentis elongatis, antheris basi longe bifidis, stigmate simplici parvo.— Br. Prodr. 289. (Gunn, 561.) Has. Abundant in marshy and grassy pastures, etc., throughout the Island, ascending to 4000 feet. — (Fl. Nov.-April.) (v. v.) Disrris. Throughout extratropical Australia. Whole plant more or less pilose, 2-8 inches long. Leaves very slender, almost filiform, longer than the one- or two-flowered, slender scape. Flowers 3-3 inch broad, bright yellow. Stamens with the anther-cells free from the base upwards to the insertion of the filament, which is almost half their length. Style with small, clavate, adnate stigmata. Capsules turbinate. 2. Hypoxis glabella (Br. Prodr. 289) ; glaberrima, foliis filiformibus scapo gracili 1-2-floro longi- oribus, floribus majusculis, staminibus subzequalibus, antheris anguste linearibus integris, stylo brevi, stig- mate late clavato integro v. trilobo.— Leim. in Plant. Preiss. ii. 14. (Gunn, 163.) (Tas. CXXX. A.) Has. Abundant in pastures, etc.—(Fl. Aug.-Oct.) (v. v.) | DISTRIB. Victoria and South-west Australia, Very similar in general appearance to H. hygrometrica, but glabrous, with paler flowers, and the stamens and style are very different. Stamens nearly equal. Anthers linear, entire at the base, on short filaments. Stigma large, clavate, on a stout, short style, entire or deeply lobed.—PrATE CXXX. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2, stamen; 3, style and stigma :—all magnified. 3. Hypoxis pusilla (Hook. fil.) ; glaberrima, foliis filiformibus flexuosis scapo brevi longioribus, floribus parvis, staminibus alternis minoribus, antheris elliptieis basi integris, stylo brevi, stigmatibus line- aribus, capsula turgida. H, hygrometrica ?, Pl. N. Zeal. i. 253. (Gunn, 761.) (Tas. CXXX. B.) Haz. Circular Head, Gunn.—(Fl. May.) Disrris. Victoria and South-west Australia, New Zealand. A smaller species than either of the preceding.—Bulb as large as a hazel-nut. Scape 3-13 inch high, one- rarely two-flowered. Flower £in segment of perianth and stamen ; 3, inner ditto ; 4, ovary fruit; 7, vertical section of ditto; 8, seed ; 9, ditto, cut Leaves wiry, 2-3 inches long. ch broad.—Piare CXXX. B. Fig. 1, flower; 2, outer ‚ style, and stigma; 5, transverse section of ovary; 6,ripe longitudinally .—2477 magnified. Pistiacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. ' 37 Nar. On». V. HYDROCHARIDEZA. There are three Australian genera of this Order; one, Damasonium, contains a single species very closely allied to, if not identical with, an Egyptian and Indian plant; the second, Hydrilla, consists also of one species, which is found throughout the Old World, from East Prussia to South Africa and India; the third is the present, a very singular plant, the economy of whose fertilization is one of the most curious in the vegetable kingdom. : Gen. I. VALLISNERIA, Z. Flores dioici. Masc. Spadix brevissime pedunculatus, conicus, spatha trivalvi inclusus, floribus ses- silibus minimis undique tectus. Perianthium tripartitum, lobis valvatis. Staminodia 4. Stamina 1-3, perianthii laciniis alterna, filamentis brevibus, antheris globosis. Fam. Flos sessilis, spatha tubulosa in- clusus, scapum longissimum spiraliter tortum terminans. Perianthium superum, 3-partitum. Staminodia 3, perigonii laciniis alterna. Stigmata 3, magna, ovalia, sepius bifida, extus quandoque appendiculata. Ovarium l-loculare, placentis 3 parietalibus. Bacca cylindrica, perigonii limbo coronata, polysperma. Semina cylindriea, ascendentia, testa coriacea, echinata; embryone exalbuminoso, orthotropo, extremitate radiculari infera.—Herbe submerse, perennes, stolonifere; foliis linearibus, elongatis, submembranaceis, clathratim venosis, apice serrulatis; floribus parvis, masculis fere microscopicis. l. Vallisneria spiralis (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1441); foliis linearibus obtusis apice serrulatis.— Br. Prodr. 345. Has. South Esk River, in deep and shallow water, and probably common elsewhere, Gunn. Disrris. Australia, and generally diffused in the warm-temperate and tropical parts of the world. Pallisneria spiralis is a submerged fresh-water herb, with fibrous roots, a very short stem, sending off lateral . suckers, and very long, flat, linear, green leaves, serrulate at the tips. The male and female flowers are on different plants. The male inflorescence (of which I have seen no Tasmanian specimens) is an almost sessile spathe, con- taining a small, short Spadix, covered with little globose, sessile, white, almost microscopic flowers; these become detached from the spadix, ascend to the surface of the water, expand by three valvate segments, and expose one to three minute stamens, alternating with some staminodia. The female flower is solitary at the apex of a very long, spirally-twisted filiform peduncle, which, by unrolling its spire, allows the flower to reach the surface of the water, and there expand. The female flower consists of a cylindrical ovary, crowned by three small, spreading perianth- lobes, has three staminodia, and three large sessile stigmata. The pollen, detached from the floating male flowers, fertilizes the female, after which the spiral peduncle again contracts, and the female is carried to the bottom of the water, where it ripens its fruit.—Pruit a cylindrical berry, 4-2 inches long, with many ascending, ridged, and toothed seeds, attached to parietal placentee. . (Named in honour of Antonio Vallisneri, an Italian botanist.) — Nar. On». VI. PISTIACEJE. A very small Order, containing a few genera of water-plants, closely allied to Aroidee, of which they are no doubt very reduced forms. The tropical Duckweed, Pistia, which abounds in the fresh waters of the Old and New Worlds, has not hitherto been found in Australia. Gen. I. LEMNA, L. Flores hermaphroditi v. abortu dioici, fissura frondis lenticularis cellulose inserti, spatha membra- nacea inclusi. Stamina 1-2, exserta; filamentis inzequilongis? antheris didymis. Ovarium sessile, 1-locu- lare; ovulis 1-4, basilaribus, stylo brevi; stigmate truncato. Utrieulus membranaceus, 1-4-spermus. VOL. EI. 38 : FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Zyphacee. Semina erecta v. horizontalia; festa membranacea. Embryo exalbuminosus, orthotropus v. semi-antitro- pus; cotyledone crassa, farinacea, inferne excavata, radiculam includens, infra centrum plumulam minimam involvens, tubo membranaceo globulis repleto percursa.—Herbe minima; frondibus lenticularibus, aquis dulcibus natantibus, marginibus proliferis; radiculis simplicibus, calyptra majuscula terminatis. A genus of very curious minute water-plants, found all over the temperate and tropical parts of the globe, familiar as “ Duckweed,” covering the surface of stagnant fresh-water with a pale bright-green stratum.— Fronds scale-like, proliferous at the margin, furnished with tufts of thread-like, solitary, or tufted roots that have thick- ened extremities. Flowers very minute, and seldom produced, included in slits of the frond, enclosed in a mem- branous spathe that bursts irregularly. Stamens two, exserted, unequal, with two-lobed anthers.— The flowers, which are, when present, detected with difficulty, from their excessive minuteness, may best be found by examining the yellowish patches of the floating stratum. (Name, the old Greek one.) l. Lemna minor (Linn. Sp. Pl. 137 6); frondibus ovalibus utrinque planis, radicibus solitariis.— Br. Prodr. 345; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 239. (Gunn, 1015.) Has. Still waters, abundant.— (v. v.) DIsrRIB. Australia, New Zealand, throughout Europe, Asia, North and South Africa, America, and the Pacifie Islands. i Fronds nearly ovate, compressed, 1-2 lines long, rather thick and succulent in texture, very slightly convex below. Roots solitary, Utrieulus one-seeded.— Lesser Duckweed” of England. 2. Lemna trisulca (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1376); frondibus lanceolatis petiolatis eruciatim coherentibus, radicibus solitariis.— Br. Prodr. 345. (Gunn, 1014.) Haz. Still waters; less frequent than Z, minor, Brown, Gunn, ete.— (v. v.) DIsrarB. Australia, Europe, and various temperate and tropical countries. The * Ivy-leaved Duckweed ” of England.— Fronds 2-3 inch long, thin, elliptic-lanceolate, with one extremity prolonged, the other serrate, pellucid at the margin. Roots solitary. Seed solitary, transverse, with a short funi- culus. Nar. On». VII. TYPHACEA. The small Order to which Typha belongs, may, along with Pistiacee, be reduced to a section of Aroidee. The only genera belonging to it, Typa and Sparganium, are both Australian, though the former only has hitherto been found in Tasmania. Gen. I. TYPHA, ZL. Flores amentacei. Amenta cylindrica, mascula et feeminea eundem culmum vestientia, masculo supe- riore. Flores densissime congesti, papposi :—Masc. Perianthium 3-setosum, staminibus 3-6, filamentis filiformibus liberis v. varie monadelphis, antheris basifixis 3—Fam. Ovarium 1-loculare, longe stipitatum, in | stylum elongatum gracilem, apice lateraliter stigmatosum angustatum, stipite setis capillaribus (perianthio) b'umoso; ovulo unico, pendulo, anatropo. Utriculus evalvis, monospermus. Semen pendulum; testa membranaceo, albumine farinaceo, embryone axili, radicula hilo proxima, plumula fissura lateral; inserta, — Herbe; rhizomate repente, fibras crassas emittente ; foliis ensiformibus, subspongiosis, integerrimis; culmis inarticulatis, cylindraceis. This genus contains the common English Reed-mace, or “ Cat's-tail,” on the margins of fresh-water ponds, etc., where it is conspicuous for the cylindrical, bright-brown catkins of pap- pose flowers. These yield an immense quantity of pollen, which is * Alismacea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. i 39 times of scarcity by the natives of Australia, New Zealand, and Scinde in Western India. The leaves are used for thatching and other purposes. Rhizomes full of starch, often eatable. The species are not well characterized; the Tasmanian one seems to be the same as the English, though larger than the common European state of the same plant.—Rhizomes stout, creeping, densely matted together. Culms 2-4 feet nigh, cylindrical, solid. Leaves linear, spongy internally, sheathing at the base, quite entire. Catkins two, towards the apex of each culm, the upper of male flowers removed a little distance from the lower. Flowers minute, most densely matted together, so that the catkins look like velvet pile. Perianth of capillary setee; male of three to six stamens, with slender filaments ; female of a slender one-celled ovary, terminating in a taper persistent style. (Name, the old Greek one.) l. Typha angustifolia (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1377); foliis dorso convexis, amenta mascula a foeminen distincta.— Br. Prodr. 338; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 238. ? T. Shuttleworthii, Sonder et Koch in Koch Synops. Fl. Germ. ed. 2. ii. 785; Lehman in Plant. Preiss. à. 8. (Gunn, 412.) Has. Common in marshes, banks of rivers, etc.—(v. v.) DisrriB. Australia, New Zealand, and in many temperate and some tropical parts of the Old and New World. Nar. On». VIII. ALISMACEA. A large Order of water-plants, whose limits are much disputed; and it seems to be immaterial whether Alismacea, Juncaginee, and Naiadee are considered separate Orders, or sections of one. A far more per- fect transition of forms exists between the most perfect A4/ismacez and the most imperfect Vaiadez, than between Aroidee, Pistiacea, and Typhacea, which are somewhat similarly connected. All are water or marsh plants, with solitary or free, superior, one-celled, one-seeded, rarely two- or many-seeded, indehiscent carpels, bearing one or more erect or pendulous, exalbuminous seeds, with straight or curved embryos. The floral envelopes are in two series in Alisma, consisting of three green sepals, and as many white membranous petals; but the transition is perfectly gradual from this perfect double perianth to the naked stamens and ovary of Ruppia and others. The European genera Alisma and Actinocarpus are both Aus- tralian, but not hitherto found in Tasmania. Gen. I. TRIGLOCHIN, Z. Flores hermaphroditi. Perianthium 6-phyllum, foliolis imbricatis ovato-concavis, 3 interioribus inter- dum altius insertis, v. 0. Stamina 3-6 ; filamentis brevissimis, antheris extrorsis. Ovarium 3-6-loculare, loculis ovulo 1 (rarius 2?) erecto; stylis 3-6, stigmatibus sessilibus papillosis v. plumosis. Capsula e carpidiis 3-6 axi adnatis, alternis interdum sterilibus septiformibus. Semina solitaria, testa coriacea; em- bryone exalbuminoso orthotropo.—Herbe paludose, scapigere ; folis linearibus; scapis gracilibus; flori- bus viridibus, spicatis racemosisve, inconspicuis. Minute or tall slender marsh-herbs, with narrow, grass-like, or subulate leaves and scapes, bearing spikes or racemes of inconspicuous green flowers, natives of all temperate regions, more numerous and curious in Australia, where about ten species are known, than in any other country.—Perianth of four to six greenish, generally unequal (the outer and lower larger), fleshy, concave leaflets, in two series, the upper generally placed at a little distance above the others. Stamens three to six, with very short filaments, and broad, extrorse anthers, often as large as the sepals in which they lie. Ovaries three to six, turgid or linear, combined into a three- to six-celled ovary, with as many one- to two ?-ovuled cells, and sessile plumose stigmas. Fruit of three to six carpels, attached to a central axis, each ovate, eylindrical, or linear, sometimes keeled, grooved, or armed with a projecting spine below. Seed solitary, erect, exalbuminous, with a coriaceous testa and straight embryo. (Name from pets, three, and yAwxıs, a point; in allusion to the three carpels.) 40 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alismacee. l. Triglochin triandrum (Mich. Flor. Bor. Am. i. 208); foliis gramineis, floribus pedicellatis, staminibus 3-6, fructu subgloboso, carpellis 3 dorso carinatis cum 2-3 septiformibus alternantibus, stig- matibus brevibus recurvis.—Z7. N. Zeal. i. 936. T. decipiens, Br. Prodr. 343; Endl. in Plant. Preiss. 1.53. T. filifolium, Sieb. Di Eesic.; Hook. Ie. Pl. 579. Has. Salt-marshes; abundant, Brown, Lawrence, Gunn, etc.—(Fl. Nov.-Jan.) (v. v.) Disreis. Australia, from Moreton Island southwards and Swan River; New Zealand, Cape of Good Hope; South America, from South Brazil on the east coast, and Chili on the west, southwards ; South United States. A slender plant, 3 inches to 2 feet high.— Root swollen and bulbous. Leaves narrow, linear, sharp-pointed, as long as or shorter than the scape, with membranous sheaths. Scape solitary, flowering part 1-5 inches long. Flowers very numerous, minute, on spreading pedicels that lengthen after flowering. Sepals ovate, acute or blunt, variable in size and form. Stamens variable in number, and particularly in size. Fruit broadly-ovate or elliptic, one line long, of three compressed carpels, alternating with as many flat abortive ones. Carpels with three ridges at the back, and very sharp points.—The Tasmanian specimens have sharper sepals than is usual, and the stamens are more frequently six. 2. Triglochin centrocarpum (Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 728); pusillum, cespitosum, foliis filiformibus scapo brevioribus, seapis plurimis, floribus breve pedicellatis, sepalis membranaceis valde insequalibus acu- minatis obtusisve, stuminibus 3-5, fructu lineari apice truncato, carpellis 3 fertilibus 3 sterilibus alternan- tibus linearibus dorso planis tricostatis, costis lateralibus marginalibus basi breviter calcaratis, stigmatibus parvis recurvis.— ndl. in Plant. Preiss. ii. 54. (Gunn, 161.) Var. 8; fructibus brevioribus brevissime pedicellatis divaricatis. (Gunn, 899.) Has. Sandy, moist places; abundant, Guan. Var. B. Georgetown, Gunn. Disrmis. Victoria and Swan River. An insignificant plant, 1-2 inches high.— Zeaves 4-1 inch long, filiform, narrow, blunt. Scapes numerous, rigid and wiry when in fruit, bearing a spike of five to ten minute flowers. Fruit on very short pedicels, linear, $— inch long, three-angled or six-angled, the alternate faces much smaller, and formed by the alternate sterile car- pels. Carpels very narrow, blunt, with a small, recurved, feathery stigma; back flat, with three ridges; the two lateral marginal produced at base each into a short projecting spine.—Swan River specimens are sometimes twice a slarge as these, with much longer pedicels to the fruit, but the majority do not differ from Tasmanian. The var. B looks a somewhat different plant because of its small, sessile, spreading (not erect) fruit, but I find the same size of fruit on long pedicels in Swan River specimens, and both erect and spreading. 2. Triglochin procerum (Br. Prodr. 343); robustum, elatum, radice tuberibus plurimis, foliis gramineis linearibus obtusis sepius supra medium natantibus, scapo solitario, spica elongata, floribus breve pedicellatis, sepalis obtusis, staminibus 6, ovariis 6 fertilibus, stigmatibus linearis recurvis papillosis, car- pellis 6 sepius obliquis tortisve apicibus divaricatis.—Cycnogeton Hügeli, Endl. in Ann. Vien. Mus. i. 210; Plant. Preiss. ii. 55; Icon. t. T3; Gen. Pl. Suppl. p. 1369. Var. 8. minor, gracilior, foliis anguste linearibus spica abbreviata. Has. Fresh and brackish water ; abundant. Var. 8. In pools dried in summer.—(Fl. Nov.) ( DisrarB. Tropical New Holland, Port J ackson, Swan River, and Victoria. An extremely variable plant, as Mr. Gunn well remarks, from 1 to 3 teet hi The var. 8 is smaller and more slender, growing in sandy ing numerous oval tubers 3-1 inch long. Leaves 6 inches to 3 feet long, and 2-2 inches broad, compressed below, flat above, linear, blunt, the upper part floating on the water. Scapes solitary, very variable in thickness and length, some as thick as the thumb, others as a crow-quill. Spikes long or short, of many, sessile, crowded flowers, v. v.) gh, and robust in proportion. pools dried up in summer.—Roots of many fibres, bear- Alismacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 41 that separate and become pedicelled as fruit is matured. Sepals six, broad, rounded. Stamens six. Ovaries six, with recurved, rough stigmas. Carpels six, obliquely linear or ovate, with spreading, curved points, straight or twisted, 4-4 inch long.—Endlicher separates this from the genus and Natural Order of Triglochin, on account of the valvate perianth, two ovules, and embryo with a large cotyledon, in all which characters, and particularly in the partially floating leaves, it approaches Potamogeton ; but not only is the whole habit and appearance that of Triglo- chin (in which Mr. Brown places it), but I find the «estivation partially imbricated (as much as in some Triglochins), only one ovule in all the specimens 1 have examined, and the form of the embryo varies with that of the carpels in the different species of the genus. Gen. If. POTAMOGETON, Z. Flores hermaphroditi. Sepala 4, valvata. Stamina 4, antheris extrorsis. Ovaria 4, sessilia, unilocu- laria; ovulo 1, ascendente, infra apicem loculi affixo; stigmate sessili, obliquo. Carpella 4, coriacea v. nu- cumentacea. Semen curvatum, exalbuminosum ; testa tenui; radicula incrassata, infera.— Herbs aquatice ; caulibus repentibus, demersis ; foliis alternis, rarius oppositis, polymorphis ; stipulis? intrafoliaceis ; spicis pedunculatis, axillaribus, basi vaginatis. Fresh-water herbs, with leaves often of two forms, the lower linear, grass-like, green, and submerged, the upper brown and floating, and short, axillary, or terminal spikes of inconspicuous green flowers that project above- water. In shallow places the lower leaves are often undeveloped; in deeper the upper floating ones are sometimes fewer in proportion. The depth of water and its rapidity, if flowing, cause great variation in their form, number, and size. The species are numerous, and many are found in all temperate and even tropical parts of the world. — Flowers few or many, sessile on short or long fleshy peduncles. Perianth of four nearly sessile concave sepals, valvate in wstivation. Stamens four, sessile, opposite the sepals; anthers two-celled. Ovaries four, sessile, one- celled, with one curved ascending ovule attached to the axis above the middle. Stigma sessile near the apex. Carpels four, coriaceous or bony. Seed exalbuminous; testa membranous; radicle thick, pointing downwards. (Name from rorapos, a river, and yerrov, a neighbour.) 1. Potamogeton natans (Linn. Sp. Pl. 182); foliis natantibus petiolatis elliptieis oblongis oblongo- rotundatisve basi subcordatis rotundatis subacutisve, submersis linearibus membranaceis v. nullis, stipulis liberis, nucibus dorso carinatis.—Br. Prodr. 343 ; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 236. (Gunn, 148.) Var. B. minor ; foliis minoribus elliptico-lanceolatis. Has. Ponds and still rivers, abundant, Brown, etc.—(v.v.) Var. 8. Lake River, Grindelwald, Gunn. i DisrriB. Over most parts of the world, from the Arctic Circle to the Cape of Good Hope, South Chili, New Zealand, and Australia; also found in the Pacific Islands. A common and very variable plant, often covering the surface of the water with its red-brown foliage.— Leaves floating, 1-3 inches long, stalked, elliptical or oblong, more or less broad and sharp at both ends, or blunt or cor- date at the base; submerged leaves none, or linear, green, membranous. Spike 1-2 inches long. Nuts keeled at the back.—The var. ß resembles the European P. heterophyllus, and has smaller, sharper leaves, partly owing to its growing in running water, and partly to the elevation of its habitat (1500 feet). I have not seen its fruit. 2. Potamogeton heterophyllus (Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips. 21 ?) ; foliis natantibus petiolatis oblongis ellipticis elliptico-lanceolatisve, submersis membranaceis sessilibus v. breve petiolatis lanceolatis utrinque angustatis integerrimis crispatis denticulatisve, stipulis nervosis, pedunculis superne incrassatis.— Engl. Bot. t. 1285. Has. Derwent River, above New Norfolk, Gunn.—(v. v.) DrsrarB. Europe, India, and probably many other places. VOL. II. ; 42 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Alismacee. My specimens are not satisfactory, having only young flowers, and few floating leaves ; it may prove to be a variety of P. natans. This character 1 have adopted from the British Flora, the Tasmanian plant agreeing with it, and with European specimens.—Floating leaves like those of P. natans, but narrower and more membranous ; submerged ones numerous, narrow lanceolate, stalked, membranous, entire, toothed, or erisped. Pedunele short, thickened upwards.—Some Tasmanian specimens have rigid, wiry stems, and all the leaves lanceolate, opaque, and coriaceous. This is possibly P. erispus of Mr. Brown, from Port Jackson, who has added to the specific name “non Linn.” in my copy of his “Prodromus.” Koch refers P. heterophyllus, Schreb., to a variety of gramineus, which this plant may be. 3. Potamogeton gramineus (Linn. Sp. Pl. 184); foliis omnibus submersis linearibus obtusis membranaceis trinervibus, venis transversis paucis remotis, pedunculo brevi spica sepius vix longiore.— Bv. Prodr. 948; Engl. Bot. t. 2958. Has. South Esk River (growing with P. natans), Guan. Distri. Europe, India, and various other parts of the world, as Australia and New Zealand. A very different-looking and greener plant than the two fo rmer.—S/ems elongated; branches long, simple. Leaves 2—4 inches long, 2 inch broad, linear, blunt, with three parallel veins connected by a few distant transverse ones. Peduncles short, as are the spikes. Gen. III. RUPPIA, Z. Flores hermaphroditi v. unisexuales, spicati, pauci. Perianthium 0. Stamina 2-4, interdum dissita ; filamentis brevissimis, squameformibus; antheris magnis, extrorsis, polline trihedro. Ovaria 4, sessilia, demum stipitata, 1-locularia ; ovulo 1, pendulo; stigmate sessili, peltato. Fructus e carpellis 1-4 longe sti- pitatis indehiscentibus, gibbosis; semen pendulum, exalbuminosum, uncinatum, cruribus inzequalibus. Embryo homotropus, macropodus, cotyledone acuminata.— Herbze gracillime, habitantes; ramis filiformibus ; foliis lineari-setaceis, filiformibus, À very widely-distributed plant, forming matted masses of long, very narrow, slender, greenish-brown stems and foliage, in brackish water.— Stems very slender, 6 inches to several feet long. Leaves alternate, sheathing be- low, very long, narrow, and linear. Flowers in the axils of the leaves. Spadiz much lengthened after flowering, and spirally twisted (as in Vallisneria). Ovaries sessile. Peduncles of the fruit much lengthened, often an inch long. Nuts very small, oblique, compressed, with sharp or blunt styles.—An extremely variable plant in Europe, of which several species have been made on insufficient grounds. (Named in honour of Henry Barnard Ruppius, an early German botanist.) l. Ruppia maritima (Linn. Sp. Pl. 184).—F7. N. Zeal. i. 236. Haz. Fresh and brackish water near the (v. v.) Disrris. Europe and North Africa, Red Sea, peninsula of India, Sandwich Islands, east and west coasts of North America, West Indies cespitose, aquam salsam basi vaginantibus. (Gunn, 1359, 1359 P.) sea; abundant in the Derwent, Tamar, etc.— (Fl. Oct.) and Ceylon, Australia, New Zealand, Gen. IV. ZANNICHELLIA, Z. Flores monoici. Masc. Stamen 1, s longa, 2—4-locularis ; pollen globosum. pedicellata, 1-locularia, 1- sperma; stylo recto ; stigmate dilatato ; » pendulo, orthotropo. Nueule 4, breve pedicellatze v. ses- siles. Semen pendulum, exalbuminosum : ; testa tenui; cotyledone elongata, circinatim inflexa; radicula macropoda.—Herbe natantes, tenella, aque dulcis. Alismacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 43 Very slender, floating herbs, inhabiting fresh-water. Leaves linear-elongate, 1-3 inches long, 1 line broad. Flowers moncecious, axillary, solitary, minute, hidden in the spathaceous axils of the leaves. Mare. A solitary, naked stamen, with short filament, and erect, quadrate, two- to four-celled anther. Pollen globose. FEMALE. Four ovaries in a spathe, sessile or pedicelled, with slender styles and peltate stigmas. Fruit of four linear-oblong, coriaceous, minute nuts, indehiscent, sometimes crenate at back, on long or short pedicels, furnished with long or short styles. Seed oblong, pendulous; testa membranous; albumen O; radicle very large; cotyledon doubled in- wards on the radicle. (Named in honour of John Jerome Zannichelli, a Venetian apothecary and botanist.) l. Zannichellia palustris (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1375).—Fl. N. Zeal. i. 237. ? Z. Preissii, Lehm. in Plant. Preiss. ìi. 3. (Gunn, 1564.) Has. Pools of fresh water, abundant: Hobarton, ete.—(v. v.) Disrris. Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North Africa, as far south as the Canaries, North, Central, and West Asia, India, east and west coasts of North America, and the West Indies. Gen. V. POSIDONIA, König. Flores hermaphroditi, spadice v. pedunculo basi spatha foliacea bilabiata incluso. Perianthium 0. Stamina persistentia, sessilia; antheris 3—4, bilocularibus, loculis discretis; filamentis crasse coriaceis, viri- dibus, erectis, conico-elongatis, utrinque extus basi loculum polliniferum gerentibus; polline confervoideo. Ovarium 1-loculare; ovulo 1, parietali, amphitropo ; stigmate sessili, villoso, lobato? Fructus subbaccatus, indehiscens. Semen longitudinaliter adnatum, exalbuminosum. Zmdryo macropodus; radicula maxima, infera; cotyledone inflexa, rima longitudinali inclusa.—Herbxe marine; caule repente, ramoso, foliorum ` exuviis vestito; foliis ad apices ramorum congestis, lineari-elongatis, gramineis ; spadice pedunculo crassius- culo e foliorum centro exserto. Dull-green plants, with creeping rhizomes, growing in salt-water.—Rhizomes short, shaggy with the fibrous remains of old leaves, and tufts of green, grassy leaves. The species are most common in tropical seas. Peduncle or spadiz short, arising from the centre of a leaf, its base enclosed in a two-valved, leafy spathe. Flowers few, three to twelve (each surrounded by a secondary spathe?). Perianth 0. Stamens three or four. Anthers placed at the back (outer face) of a broad, persistent, coriaceous filament, that resembles a segment of a perianth. Ovary one-celled, with one ovule. Fruit a small, fleshy utriculus, with a sessile, plumose stigma. Seed exalbuminous, attached on one side by all its length to the walls of the pericarp; radicle very large, bent upwards at the apex ? plumule lying in a slit of the cotyledon. —I have seen detached fruiting spikes of the Tasmanian species, in a very bad state; they were found by Gunn, washed up on the beach, and were supposed by him to belong to but they so closely accord with the general characters of the European P. oceanica, that I conclude they belonged to P. australis. (Name from Iloceıdwv, the god Neptune.) l. Posidonia australis (n. sp.); caule breviusculo, ramis abbreviatis exuviis foliorum longissimis flexuosis dense vestitis, foliis longissime linearibus obtusis, ligula brevissima truncata, spica 4-6-flora.— Caulinia oceanica, Br. Prodr. 339, non DC. (Gunn, 1347.) Has. Coast of Tasmania, Brown; near Georgetown, below low-water mark, Gunn. Disrris. South coast of Australia. Stems short; branches densely covered with long, ragged, white fibres, 2-3 inches long, the remains of old leaves. Leaves 2-3 feet long, 2 broad, rounded at the tip, nerveless, shining when dry. Ligula very short, decur- rent, and forming inflexed margins to the base of the leaf.—I have not seen the flowers of this plant, of which Mr. Brown says there are four to six on the spike; he refers it to the P. oceanica of the Mediterranean Seas, which is much smaller, with a stiff white brush at the base of the leaves, instead of long, matted fibres. Mr. Brown further remarks that the four to six flowers of this may distinguish it. 44 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Alismacee. Gen. VI. CYMODOCEA, König. Flores dioici, in pedicello primum vagina folii incluso demum elongato solitarii. Perianthium 0. Masc. Stamina 2, sessilia, 2-locularia; polline confervoideo. Fam. Ovaria 2, libera, 1-locularia, 1-ovu- lata; ovulo pendulo. Stylus filiformis; stigmatibus 2. Capsule 2, bivalves. Semen pendulum, exalbu- minosum.—Herbe marine ; caule sarmentoso, ramisque artieulatis ; foliis linearibus. I am very doubtful whether the Ruppia antarctica of Labillardiére should be referred to this genus, having seen no flower or fruit, and the male flower alone being hitherto described by Gaudichaud. C. antarctica strongly resembles, in habit and general appearance, some Indian plants referred to Thalassia, as T. Indica, but the generic character of Thalassia attributes a three-leaved perianth to that genus, flowers enclosed in a peduncled spathe, and nine anthers to the male flower, characters wholly at variance with Gaudichaud's description of Ruppia antarctica- (Name from Kvuodorn, a sea-nymph.) 1. Cymodocea antarctica (Endl. Gen. 230; Plant. Preiss. ii. 273); caule elongato flexuoso ramoso, ramis elongatis teretibus v. compressis annulatis apice foliosis, foliis patulis amplexicaulibus linea- ribus late truncato-bidentatis, ligula brevissima truncata.—Posidonia antarctica, Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. 181. Caulinia? antarctica, Br. Prodr. 339. Ruppia antarctica, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. 116. £. 264; Gaud. in Frey. Voy. Bot. 430. t. xl. f. 2. Graumullera, Reich., fid. Endl. Gen. Amphibolis zosterifolia, Agardh, Syst. Alg. 192. (Gunn, 1358.) Has. Rocks in the sea, Georgetown, Gunn. DisrRiB. East, west, and south coasts of Australia. ; Stems sparingly branched, 1-2 feet long, pale brown, cylindrical, jointed, joints swollen, as thick as a pigeon's quill. Leaves erowded at the end of the branches, alternate, amplexicaul, 14-2 inches long, 4 inch broad, linear, with a broad shallow notch at the tip, dark-green, nerveless. Ligula very short, decurrent, forming inflexed margins to the base of the leaf (as in Posidonia). Gen. VII. ZOSTERA, Z. Flores monoici v. dioici. Spatha foliacea, basi folii longitudinaliter adnata. Spadiz membranaceus, inclusus, antice staminibus ovariisgue biseriatis onustus. Anthere solitarize, sessiles, peltatee, 1-loculares, polline confervoideo. Ovaria pauca, dorso prope apicem affixa, 1-locularia; ovulo 1, pendulo, orthotropo ; stylo persistente, subulato ; stigmatibus 2, capillaribus. Utriculus evalvis. Semen pendulum, exalbumino- sum ; Zesta membranacea, longitudinaliter striata; embryone macropoda, radicula infera, cotyledone inflexa, rima longitudinali inclusa.—Herbe marine ; caule repente, radicante ; foliis gramineis, basi vaginantibus. Slender, creeping, marine plants, called “ Sea-wrack” in England, with grassy leaves, which are extremely variable in breadth and length. There is probably but one species (of the varieties of which many more have been made), which is found in all seas, but not hitherto found in flower or fruit in those of Australia and New Zealand.—Spathe adnate to the inner face of the base of the leaves. Stamens and ovaries inserted in two rows on the face of a flat thin, spadix. Flowers monecious. Perianth 0. Male Jlower a sessile, one-celled anther, with sert pollen. Female an ovate ovary, with one long, filiform style and two stigmata, one cell and one ovule. Fruit 8 veas, bursting irregularly. Seed pendulous, without albumen, a large radicle and inflexed cotyledon lodged in a slit. (Name from ¿oornp, a ribbon ; in allusion to the form of the leaves.) 1. Zostera marina ? (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1734).—Br. Prodr. 338. (Gunn, 1348.) Son €— in the sea, especially in muddy estuaries, forming extensive green banks.— (v. v.) ISTRIB. uropean and North-American shores, from Iceland southwards, the Mediterranean, Cape of Good Hope, Australia, and New Zealand. Melanthacee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 45 Stems creeping ; branches slender, erect, leafy. Leaves in Tasmanian specimens 6-12 inches long, 1-2 lines broad, with numerous, very faint nerves. Flowers and fruit unknown in Tasmania. Gen. VIII. HALOPHILA, Gaud., an Thouars ? Flores dioici?, (interdum) monoici, axillares, solitarii, breve pedicellati. Perianthium spathaceum, diphyllum. Fr. masc. Stamina 3; filamentis connatis; antheris liberis, extrorsis, 1-locularibus. Pollen confervoideum. Fr. ram. Ovarium 1-loculare; ovulis plurimis, parietalibus, anatropis; stylo elongato,; stigmate obliquo, discoideo, (stigmatibus 3-5, filiformibus, Gaud.) Semina exalbuminosa, embryone curvo ; (semina depresso-subglobosa, umbilico basilari; testa membranacea; albumine farinoso; embryone apice albuminis posito, torto, Gaud.)—Herbula submarina, delicatula; caule repente, gracili, nodoso, ad nodos folioso ; foliis binis longe gracile petiolatis, oblongis v. lineari- v. elliptico-oblongis, obtusis, integerrimis cre- mulatisve; costa crassiuscula ; venis intramarginalibus, capillaribus v. evanidis; venulis e costa divaricatis ascendentibusve ; stipulis ad nodos binis, oppositis, late oblongis, obtusis, membranaceis, deciduis. A very curious plant, of which I have seen no flower or fruit, and I have taken the above description of these in part from Endlicher's * Genera Plantarum,’ for which I believe Gaudichaud is the authority, and in part from some notes and sketches of flowers of both sexes, for which I am indebted to C. Drew, Esq., Assistant-Surgeon in the Madras Army, who examined specimens of apparently the same plant on the Malabar coast. It appears to be a congener of Delile’s Zostera bullata.—A very slender, submarine, pale-green plant, consisting of a slender, creeping, jointed stem, giving off a pair of long-petioled leaves at each joint. Leaves membranous, 1-2 inches long, oblong or elliptic or linear-oblong, blunt, with a slender, intramarginal vein, and stout costa, which gives off slender venules. Flowers moncecious in Mr. Drew's notes (according to Gaudichaud diccious), axillary, solitary, enclosed in two spathaceous bracts. Male of three one-celled anthers (two-celled according to Mr. Drew's description, but not his figure), with monadelphous filaments, linear anthers, and confervoid pollen. Female flower of one one-celled, many- ovuled ovary, with a slender style, and obliquely truncate, discoid stigma (Drew), and three to five stigmas (Gaud.). Seeds many, according to Gaudichaud, depressed, globose, with copious, farinaceous albumen, and a small, twisted embryo, in a cavity at its apex (but according to Mr. Drew, about twelve, exalbuminous, with a curved embryo). (Name from óAs, the sea, and ¢iAw; in allusion to its marine habitat.) l. Halophila ovalis (Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 429. t. 40. f. 1); caule gracili, nodis remotis, foliis planis longe petiolatis.—Caulinia ovalis, Br. Prodr. 329. Diplanthera, Griff. Notul. ad Plant. Asiat. Monocot. t. 161 C. f. 9. (Gunn, 1346.) Has. Found floating in the sea in Bass's Straits, Gunn. Disrris. Tropical and South-western Australia, the peninsula of India, and Madagascar. Nar. Oro. IX. MELANTHACEA. A small Order, in Australia containing about fifteen species, with one exception extratropical. Gen. I. BURCHARDIA, Br. Flores umbellati. Perianthium inferum, petaloideum, 6-phyHum, foliolis erecto-patentibus, basi nec- tariferis. Stamina 6, basi perianthii inserta; antheris extrorsis, peltatis. Ovarium trigonum, acutum, tri- loculare; ovulis plurimis, biseriatis; stylis 3, brevibus. Capsula 3-partibilis, introrsum dehiscens. Semina conferta, biseriata, verticaliter compressa ; testa coriacea.—Herbe; radicibus e fibris crassis, fasciculatis ; caule simplici, foliato; folis linearibus, vagina integra, superioribus subvaginantibus, supremis involucri- formibus ; floribus albis. VOL. II. N 46 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Melanthacee. l. Burchardia umbellata (Br. Prodr. 273); foliis scapo plerumque brevioribus, pedicellis brevius- culis. (Gunn, 103.) Var. B. parviflora ; caule graciliore, floribus minoribus. Has. Northern parts of the Island, as at Launceston, Georgetown, ete., Laurence, Gunn; Great Swan Port, S/orey.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) Var. 8. Georgetown.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. The only Tasmanian species of this genus forms a small herb, 6-24 inches high, with a root of fleshy, fascieled fibres, an erect, leafy scape, and involucrate umbel, of four to eight star-like, white flowers. Leaves linear, spreading and curving outwards, the cauline ones sheathing at the base. Pedicels of the flowers very variable in length, 2-1 inch long. Flowers extremely variable in size, $ to almost 1 inch across, of six linear-oblong, white, spreading leaflets, each with a nectariferous pit at the base. Stamens six, inserted on the base of the segments, with slender filaments and versatile anthers. Ovary elliptic, suddenly contracted into three short, spreading stigmas. Capsule three-valved, coriaceous; valves boat-shaped, laterally compressed, acuminate, bursting inwards. Seeds very nume- rous, in two series in each cell, vertically compressed, densely imbricated, with a pale, coriaceous testa.—Gunn sends a much smaller-flowered and more slender plant, as a variety of this, from Georgetown, and I do not find that it presents any characters but these to distinguish it. (Named in honour of Henry Burchard, M.D., a bota- nical author.) Gen. II. ANGUILLARIA, Br. Flores spicati. Perianthium inferum, petaloideum, 6-phyllum, foliolis stellato-patentibus, ungue vit- tato v. biglanduloso. Stamina 6, basi perianthii inserta ; antheris extrorsis. Ovarium trigonum, obtusum, triloculare; ovulis plurimis, biseriatis ; stylis 3, erectis. Capsula 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis, valvis medio septiferis. Semina biseriata, subglobosa; zesta coriacea.—Herbæ; radice bulbosa, tunicata ; foliis gramineis, caulinis vaginantibus ; floribus interdum umisexualibus, albis, purpureo pictis. A small genus of five or six species, confined to extratropical Australia.—Small herbs, with bulbous roots, grassy leaves, with inflated sheaths, and spikes of white, star-shaped flowers. Bulbs covered with a deep chestnut- brown, shining; membranous coat. Stems slender. Flowers sessile, sometimes unisexual. Perianth of six linear, spreading leaflets, with two glands, or purple, thickened spots or bars about the middle. Stamens six, with extrorse anthers. Ovary superior, blunt, three-celled, with three recurved styles, and three cells with two rows of ovules in each. Capsule trigonous, coriaceous; dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds globose. (Named in honour of Aloys Anguil- lara, a Professor of Botany at Padua.) : aria dioica (Br. Prodr. 273); floribus spicatis unisexualibus y. hermaphroditis, perian- thii foliolis medio biglandulosis v. transverse incrassatis.—Kunth, Enum. iv. 158 ; Endl. Icon. t.3. Pleea Sieberi, Sieb. Pl. Ersice. 156. (Gunn, 162.) Var. B. multiflora ; foliis latioribus, floribus plurimis majoribus, perianthii foliolis obscure transverse incrassato-vittatis v. omnino nudis. Has. Abundant in meadows, pastures, etc., throughout the Island ; sea-sand, near Woolnorth, Gunn. —(Fl. Aug.-Oct.) (v. v.) Distris. South-eastern and South-western Australia, from New South Wales to Swan River. — Var. 8. Victoria, Adamson. A small, slender plant, 2 inches to a span high. Zeaves longer than the scape, spreading and recurved, sheathing base broad and cucullate, lamina elongate-subulate, concave. Flowers polygamous, three to six in a spike, very variable in size, 4-2 inch across, Leaflets of the perianth with two, purple, thickened spots about the middle, which usually coalesce and form a transverse, purple band. The var. 8 looks very distinct in Tasmania, but Me elanthacee. | FLORA OF TASMANTA. 47 I have intermediate forms from Victoria; it is larger, with broader leaves, larger, more numerous flowers, and the leaflets of the perianth are very obscurely fasciate. 2. Anguillaria uniflora (Br. Prodr. 273); caule 1—2-floro, floribus hermaphroditis, perianthii fo- liolis medio margines versus late biglandulosis.—Kunth, Enum. iv. 159. An A. biglandulose, Br., var. ? (Gunn, 562.) Has. Wet places, amongst grass: Launceston, Lawrence, Gunn; Huon River, Oldfield.—(Fl. Oct.) Disrris. New South Wales. Very similar in general characters to 4. dioica, but a much more slender plant, bearing one or two flowers; and the leaflets of the perianth are narrower, and have two thickened glands towards the margins, at about their middle parts. Gen. III. HEWARDIA, Hook. Flos solitarius, spatha bivalvi inclusus. Perianthium basi campanulatum, petaloideum, 6-partitum, laciniis late stellato-patentibus. Stamina 3, perianthii laciniis exterioribus basi inserta, antheris lineari- oblongis erectis extrorsis. Ovarium conicum, 3-loculare ; stylo terminali, stigmatibus 3 revolutis; ovulis plurimis, biseriatis. Capsula ?— Herba; rhizomate repente, fibras crassas emittente; foliis duris, rigide coriaceis, distichis, basi equitantibus, aversis, lineari-ensiformibus, aveniis, striolatis, integerrimis, subacutis, marginibus discoloribus, levibus v. vaginisque brevibus rigidis politis; scapo gracili, curvo, e centro foliorum ascendente, gracili, rigido, compresso, spathaceo ; spathis alternis, scapi apice binis, subehartaceis, lineari- lanceolatis, terminalibus florem magnum lurido-purpureum pedicellatum involucrantibus. A very singular plant, quite unlike any of its congeners, and far more resembling Hemodoracee than Melan- thacee, from its coriaceous habit, lurid flowers, the stamens being only three, and the ovary partially sunk in the short, campanulate base of the perianth. On the other hand, the truly superior ovary, extrorse anthers, three stigmas, and the stamens being inserted on the outer segments of the perianth, conclusively refer it to Melanthacee.—A small, very rigid, harsh plant, a span high, with hard, coriaceous, distichous, equitant leaves, a spathaceous scape, and one very large, pedicelled, dark-purple, spreading flower, enclosed, when in bud, by two spathes. Rhizome short, woody. Leaves nearly straight, 3-5 inches long, 3-4 inch broad, rigid, but not pungent, minutely striate, with shining, brownish margins, and short, broad, open sheaths. Scape slender, rigid, compressed. Spathes alter- nate, the two terminal opposite at the apex of the scape, all much more membranous than the leaves, compressed, upper about li inch long, pale brown. Flower with a slender pedicel, as long as, or shorter than the spathes, 13-23 inches broad. Perianth with a short, campanulate tube, and six nearly equal, long, spreading, linear-lan- ceolate, acuminate segments. Stamens short ; anthers linear-oblong, erect, extrorse, as long as the filaments. Ovary conical, with a short, terminal, erect style, and three rather large, revolute stigmas. (Named in honour of R. Heward, Esg., the friend and biographer of Allan Cunningham, the Australian botanist.) l. Hewardia Tasmanica (Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 858). (Gunn, 2054.) Has. Heathy plains and mountain ranges near Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) Gen. IV. CAMPYNEMA, Las. Flores solitarii v. paniculati, polygami, unibracteati. Perianthium superum, 6-partitum, persistens ; foliolis patentibus, coriaceis, ellipticis. Stamina 6, perianthii segmentis basi inserta, post anthesin recurva ; antheris versatilibus, extrorsis. Ovarium lineari-clavatum, 3-loculare ; stylis 3, apice revolutis; ovulis dense biseriatis, septis ovarii insertis. Capsula linearis, coriacea, tricarinata, perianthio persistente coro- nata, intus? dehiscens. Semina conferta, rufa, immatura verticaliter compressa; testa coriacea.— Herba gracilis, glaberrima ; radicibus e fibris crassis, fasciculatis ; collo squamis vaginantibus hyalinis nitidis allis 48 FLORA OF TASMANIA, [Smilacee. onusto ; folio radicali solitario, lineari-elongato v. fihformi, gramineo ; scapo flexuoso, gracili, tereti, myido, aphyllo v. basin versus unifoliato, superne vaginato, simplici v. apice subpaniculatim ramoso; vaginis parvis, distantibus ; floribus inconspieuis, erectis, Jlavo-viridibus. A very anomalous plant, referred doubtfully to Melanthacee by Brown, from Labillardiêre's unsatisfactory figure, although the perianth is most decidedly superior.—A small, slender, inconspicuous plant, 3-10 inches high, very variable in habit, number, and breadth of leaves, slenderness of scape and leaves, both of which are sometimes filiform, and in number and size of the flowers, which are hermaphrodite or unisexual. Root of tufted fleshy fibres. Base of the stem surrounded with white, hyaline, shining, linear, acute sheaths, an inch long, external to which = some- times a dense fibrous mass of decayed sheaths. Radical leaf solitary. Scape rigid, flexuous, leafless, or with one leaf towards the base, and small, distant, sheathing bracts above. Flowers solitary or panicled, erect, 1—1 inch in diameter. Ovary linear-clavate, three-celled, with numerous axile ovules in two series, and three recurved styles. Perianth of six spreading, coriaceous, elliptical, subacute segments, the three outer of which are decurrent on the ovary. Stamens six, erect, with subulate filaments, which, after the fall of the versatile anthers, are recurved, and project between the segments of the perianth. Capsule linear, 2 3 inch long, coriaceous, three-angled, deeply three- grooved ; cells apparently bursting inwards. (Name from kaumvAos, curved, and vna, a thread ; in allusion to the curved filaments.) 3 1. Campynema linearis (Lab. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 93. t. 121).— Br. Prodr. 291; Fl. Antarct. i. 78, in notes. (Gunn, 954.) Has. Heathy places at Middlesex Plains, Rocky Cape, Macquarrie Harbour, between Lake St. Clair and Franklin River; Recherche Bay, etc., ascending to 4000 feet, Labillardiere, Gunn, Milligan.—(El. Jan.—March.) Nat. Ord. X. SMILACEA. Of this Order there are few Australian genera or species. These consist of Drymophila, an Asparagus, two of Eustrephus, four of Geitonoplesium, a Rhipogonum, and several species of Smilax. The majority of these are natives of the Tropics and East Coast. Gen. I. DRYMOPHILA, Br. Perianthium petaloideum, 6-phyllum ; foliolis patentibus, egualibus, deciduis. Stamina 6, hypogyna ; antheris introrsis. Ovarium 3-loculare ; stigmatibus 3, revolutis; ovulis plurimis, biseriatis, anatropis. Bacca subglobosa, 3-locularis ; semina plurima, ovata; testa membranacea, cum nucleo connata ; umbilico basilari, punctiformi; alumine dense carnoso ; embryone axili; radicula umbilico proxima.—Herba pe- rennis ; rhizomate repente, noduloso ; caulibus gracilibus, erectis, subflexuosis, vaginatis ; vaginis membrana- ceis, distantibus, superne foliatis; foliis distichis, sessilibus, e torsione baseos angustata resupinatis, lan- ceolatis v. lineari-oblongis, acuminatis, striato-nervosis ; pedunculis azillaribus terminalibusque, solitariis, unifloris, ebracteatis, inarticulatis ; floribus albis, cernuis ; baccis eeruleis, pendulis. D. cyanocarpa, the only known species, is very closely allied to the genus Callizene of New Zealand and South Chili, but differs in the almost sessile, large, revolute stigmas. — A slender herb, with a ereeping, perennial rhizome, and. slender, annual, erect, simple or rarely-branched stems, 1-2 feet high, which are cylindrical and leafless below, bearing there only a few distant, scarious, sheathing scales, and compressed and leafy above. Leaves alternate, 1-3 inches long, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, distichous, narrowed at the base into a are nearly horizontal. Flowers white, 373 inch broad, on slender, curved, solitary peduncles, axillary and terminal, nodding, of six equal, spreading leaflets. Stamens six. Ovary three-celled, with many ovules, Styles three, recurved. Berry very variable in size, deep bright-blue Jaliacee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 49 (rarely white), with several ovoid seeds, whose testa is membranous and albumen firmly fleshy. (Name from dpupos, a wood, and bio; from its affecting shady places.) 1. Drymophila cyanocarpa (Br. Prodr. 292); Kunth, En. iv. 212. (Gunn, 224.) Has. Abundant in grassy, shaded places, amongst Fern, etc.—(Fl. Jan.-Dec.) (v. v.) Nat. Orb. XI. LILIACEA. This Natural Order, in its extended sense, includes all superior-fruited petaloid Monocotyledones that have introrse anthers, trilocular ovaries, and seeds with the testa generally black and crustaceous; it thus includes Asphodelee and Hemerocallidee, but excludes Smilacee and Melanthacea ; it is connected with Junce@ by various genera. Upwards of 100 Australian species are known, but they are for the most part imperfectly defined. Gen. I. BLANDFORDIA, Smith. Perianthium marcescens, tubuloso-campanulatum, ore 6-fido. Stamina 6, basi tubi inserta; fila- mentis filiformibus apice cucullo connectivi insertis. Ovarium stipitatum, lineare, 3-loculare, in stylum brevem attenuatum; stigmate 3-lobo; ovulis plurimis, biseriatis, anatropis, horizontalibus. ^ Capsula prismatica, basi perianthio vaginata, tripartibilis; loculis angulo interno dehiscentibus, acuminatis, membra- naceis. Semina biseriata, linearia; testa villosa, laxa, fusca, membranacea.—Herbe perennes; radice fibrosa ; foliis radicalibus rigidis, lineari-elongatis, basi semivaginantibus, serrulatis integerrimisve ; caulinis distantibus, abbreviatis; scapo tereti; floribus racemosis, pedunculatis, pendulis ; pedunculis apice curvis, basi bibracteatis; fructibus erectis. A very beautiful genus, of which several species are known, all confined to Eastern and South-eastern Aus- tralia and Tasmania. B. grandiflora is one of the handsomest plants in Tasmania; it forms an annual herb, with a fibrous, perennial root, having long, narrow linear, coriaceous leaves, 1-2 feet long, with serrulate margins, and a tall, stout, cylindrical flowering scape, 2-3 feet high, bearing a raceme of beautiful, pendulous, deep orange-red flowers, 1-2 inches long.—Bracts lanceolate-subulate, varying in length from half as long to as long as the peduncles. Capsules erect, stipate, prismatic in shape, narrow linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sheathed below by the persistent perianth. Seeds very numerous, linear; testa membranous and densely villous, with tawny, soft hairs. (Named in honour of the Marquis of Blandford, a patron of Horticulture.) l. Blandfordia grandiflora (Br. Prodr. 296); foliis argute serrulatis, scapo robusto, bracteis anguste lanceolato-subulatis pedunculum floriferum subæquantibus v. brevioribus.—Kunth, En. iv. 590; Lindi. Bot. Reg. xi. 924. (Gunn, 241.) Var. B. marginata; foliis latioribus, bracteis elongatis.—B. marginata, Herb. in Bot. Reg. 1242; Misc. p. 93; Lindi. Bot. Reg. 31. t. 18. Aletris punicea, Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 85. £. 111. Var. y. Backhousii ; floribus subcorymbosis.— B. Backhousii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31. sub tab. 18. (Gunn, 241.) ' Has. Not uncommon in sandy soil in various parts of the Island, ascending to 4000 feet. Var. 8. Rocky Cape. Var. y. Mersey River.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. New South Wales. This is undoubtedly the Aletris punicea of Labillardire, which Brown refers doubtfully to his Blandfordia grandiflora. The lower bracts are much larger and longer in the Tasmanian than in other specimens, but there is great variation in their size, as in that of the flower, fruit, and peduncles. Lindley distinguishes B. Backhousii, but Gunn, who first suspected that it might prove distinct, has sent later specimens, which present numerous inter- mediate states. Port Jackson specimens have narrower leaves than the Tasmanian, but are not otherwise different. VOL. II. o 50 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Liliacee. Gen. II. ARTHROPODIUM, Br. Flores albi v. purpurascentes, racemosi, pedicellis articulatis. Perianthium 6-partitum, zequale, deciduum, basi persistente, patens; /o/io/is interioribus margine undulatis v. fimbriatis. Stamina 6; an- theris linearibus, basi deformibus v. barbatis, filamentis nudis v. barbatis. Ovarium 9-loculare, stylo fili- formi, stigmate simplici setoso, ovulis plurimis. Capsula subglobosa, 3-locularis, loculicide trivalvis. Semina pauca, subangulata, umbilico nudo; zesta atra.—Herbe ; radice e fibris crassis v. tuberosis; foliis radicalibus, linearibus, flaccidis ; floribus racemosis. This genus, as at present known, is confined to Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. In the former countries about eight are indigenous ; these have been divided into two genera by Kunth, according as whether the anthers are simple or appendieulate at the base, and the filaments glabrous or bearded. "These characters are however combined in some species, and the 4. cirrhatum of New Zealand has spurs or appendices upon the filaments at the base of the bearded portion, which altogether resemble the appendices of the anthers of some of the Australian species.— Annual herbs, with perennial, fibrous, or tuberous roots, the fibres becoming more or less spindle-shaped or rounded tubers, narrow linear, grassy leaves, and simple or branched racemes of white or purplish nodding flowers. Perianth of six spreading, membranous leaflets, the three inner rather smaller, undulate, crenate, or fimbriate. Stamens six ; filaments naked or bearded; anthers linear, their lobes simple or appendiculate or bearded at the base. Ovary three-celled, with many ovules, and a simple style terminating in a setose stigma. Capsule with many compressed, angular seeds, covered with a black testa. (Name from ap6pos, a joint, and rovs, a foot; in allusion to the jointed pedicels.) $ 1. Filaments bearded above the middle. l. Arthropodium paniculatum (Br. Prodr. 276); 1-2-pedalis, tuberibus cylindraceis, racemo ramoso, pedicellis solitariis et aggregatis medio articulatis gracillimis, floribus albis v. pallide purpureis, bracteis parvis ovatis, foliolis interioribus suberenatis, filamentis dense stuposo-barbatis, antheris basi nudiusculis, stylo filiformi.— Bor. Mag. t. 1421; Endl. Te. t.28. A. minus, Lind. Bot. Reg. t. 860. A. Lindleyi, Kunth, En. iv. 621. Anthericum paniculatum, And. Bot. Rep. 1.895. A. milleflorum, Red. Lil. t. 58. (Gunn, 98, 951.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island, ascending to 1500 feet.— (Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. Exceedingly variable in size, from 6 inches to a yard high, with the leaves from 2 inches to 9 fect long, and varying proportionately in robustness and breadth of leaves, ramification of raceme, and number of flowers. Flowers white or purplish, on very slender pedicels, generally in pairs; their bracts always small, ovate. Filaments densely villous, with pale hairs for two-thirds of their length. Anthers yellow or purplish, with a few hairs at the base of the lobes. Style long and slender. 2. Arthropodium pendulum (De Cand. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 80); 1-2-pedalis, racemo simplici v. ramoso, pedicellis gracilibus medio articulatis solitariis et aggregatis, floribus purpureis, bracteis parvis ovatis, foliolis interioribus subcrenatis, filamentis dense stuposo-barbatis, barba inferne flava superne pur- purea, antheris basi subpilosis, stylo filiformi.—Kwn£A, En. iv. 620. Phalangium pendulum, Red. Lil. t. 360. (Gunn, 563, 100?) Has. Abundant in the northern parts of the Island, as at Launceston, Woolnorth, the Hampshire Hills, ete., Scott, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) Very nearly allied indeed to 4. Paniculatum, and perhaps only a distinct variety; it differs chiefly in the less compound raceme, shorter peduncles, deep-purple flowers, the pedicelled, fusiform tubers of the root, and in the beard of the filament being yellow below and purple above, Liliacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 51 3. Arthropodium minus (Br. Prodr. 276); 6-10-pollicaris, tuberibus cylindraceis sessilibus, racemo simplici, floribus subsolitariis, bracteis inferioribus subspathaceis, pedicellis supra medium articulatis, floribus purpureis, filamentis brevibus supra medium dense stuposis, antheris basi barbatis, stylo brevi curvo.— Kunth, En. iv. 621; non Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (Gunn, 950.) Has. Rich pasture-land in the northern parts of the Island, as at Formosa, Circular Head, and Lake River, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) DrsrarB. New South Wales and Victoria.  very pretty and distinct little species, 6—8 inches high, with short leaves, and a simple (rarely branched) raceme of purple flowers. Tuders quite sessile and cylindrical. Stamens shorter than in the preceding species. Style short and curved. $ 2. Filaments glabrous. — Anther-lobes produced at the base into short, obtuse, glandular appendices. 4. Arthropodium laxum (Sieb. Pl. Exsicc. 194); 1-3-pedalis, tuberibus pedicellatis, racemo simplici v. ramoso, bracteis inferioribus elongatis infimis spathaceis, pedunculis solitariis apice articulatis, floribus purpureis, filamentis imberbibus, antheris lineari-elongatis, loculis basi in appendices breves productis. —Dichopogon Sieberianus e¢ D. humilis, Kunth, En. iv. 623. (Gunn, 100. (Tas. CXXXI.) Has. Abundant in good soil throughout the Colony.—(Fl. Oct.—Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. Similar in habit and general aspect to 4. pendulum, but at once distinguished by the larger flowers, the solitary peduncles jointed close to the flower, the large lower bracts, and the peculiar anthers.—PrATE CXXXI. Fig. 1, flower; 2, stamen; 3, pistil; 4, transverse section of ovary; 5, capsule; 6, transverse section of ditto; 7, seed; 8, the same, cut longitudinally :—all magnified. ? §. Flores ignoti. 5. Arthropodium strictum (Br. Prodr. 276); “racemo subsimplici multifloro, pedicellis soli- tariis, capsulis erectis." Has. Tasmania, Brown. Gen. III. BULBINE, ZL. Flores dense racemosi, erecti, flavi. Perianthium patens, 6-phyllum, foliolis patentibus. Stamina 6; Jilamentis omnibus v. 3 interioribus barbatis; antheris versatilibus. Ovarium 3-loculare; stylo filiformi ; stigmate papilloso; ovulis paucis, 2-seriatis. Capsula coriacea, loculicide 3-valvis, oligo- v. polysperma. Semina angulata, compressa; testa atra v. fusca albumini adherente ; embryone recto v. curvo.—Herbz ; radice fasciculato-fibrosa ; caule basi interdum bulboso ; foliis linearibus, canaliculatis ; racemo simplici, erecto, cylindraceo. About five or six Australian species of this genus are known to me; there are also a great many Cape species; but neither the limits of the genus nor its species are at all well known. They are further very difficult to preserve, retaining their vitality under pressure for many weeks.—The Australian Bulbines are all erect herbs, with fascicled, fibrous or tuberous roots, linear leaves, and erect scapes, bearing simple racemes of erect, yellow, spreading flowers. Perianth of six equal, spreading leaflets. Stamens six, all, or the inner only, bearded on the filaments. Anthers versatile. Ovary three-celled, with about six ovules in each cell, a simple, straight style, and papillose stigma. Capsule coriaceous, three-valved. Seeds few, with a coriaceous or suberustaceous, dark opaque testa. (Name from bulbus, a bulb.) l. Bulbine bulbosa (Haworth, Revis. 33) ; radicis fibris crassis, caule basi bulboso incrassato, racemo primum densifloro apice conico, filamentis omnibus supra medium barbatis declinatis.—Anthericum bulbosum, Br. Prodr. 275. 52 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Ziliacee. Has. Abundant in rocky places throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria, A handsome herbaceous plant, 1-2 feet high. Root of thick fascicled fibres, with difficulty removed from the soil. Base of stem thickened in old plants, sometimes forming a very distinct bulb. Zeaves linear elongate, terete on the back, plane or channelled in front. Raceme 2-4 inches long. Flowers very numerous, on slender peduncles, with ovate acuminate scarious bracts at the base. Filaments all with a tuft of hairs above the middle. Capsule erect, obovate-globose, with few seeds. 2. Bulbine semibarbata (Haworth, Revis. 93); radice fibris tenuibus, caule basi simplici, racemo laxifloro, filamentis declinatis interioribus supra medium barbatis.—Kunt), En. iv. p. 565. An- thericum semibarbatum, Br. Prodr. 275 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3129. (Gunn, 949.) Has. Common in moist and marshy places in various parts of the Island.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Disrr1s. Extratropical Australia, from New South Wales to Swan River. A much less handsome plant than 2. bulbosa, with slender fibrous roots, easily removed from the soil, a longer laxer raceme of smaller flowers and fruit, and having the filaments bearded above the middle only. Gen. IV. CASIA, Br. Flores racemosi v. corymbosi, albi v. cerulei, pedicellis apice articulatis. Perianthium patens, æquale, 6-partitum, post anthesin tortum. Stamina 6 ; filamentis gracilibus, imberbibus; antheris brevibus, basi emarginata insertis. Ovarium 9-loculare; stylo filiformi; stigmate simplici; ovu/is loculis 2-4. Capsula clavata, apice lobata, vix valvata, loculis 1-2-spermis. Semina loculis 2-4 ; testa crustacea, atra.—Herbz ; radicibus e fibris interdum tuberosis, fasciculatis ; foliis gramineis; racemo simplici v. paniculato, composito v. corymboso ; pedicellis solitariis v. aggregatis; foribus erectis v. nutantibus ; perianthio moe deciduo ; antheris flavis. |. Of this genus about ten species are known to me, all of them Australian or Tasmanian. One is tropical, the rest inhabit the extratropical quarter, none however being common to the south-east and south-west. All are rather slender, white- or blue-flowered herbs, yith roots of fascicled, sometimes tuberous fibres, linear grass- like leaves, and a racemose inflorescence.— Flowers jointed on the pedicel. Perianth of six spreading leaflets, Stamens six, with naked filaments and small anthers. Ovary three-celled ; cells with from two to four ovules in each. Style slender, with a small stigma. Capsule clavate, three-celled, obscurely three-valved, cells one- or two-seeded. Seeds with a crustaceous testa. (Named in honour of Frederic Cesius, a botanist of the middle of the seventeenth century.) § 1. Flowers corymbose. Ovary with four ovules in each cell. Capsule obcuneate, with four shining compressed seeds in each cell. l. Czesia corymbosa (Br. Prodr. 277 ) ; parvula, radicibus e fibris tuberosis crassis, foliis planis ciliolatis, floribus subcorymbosis erectis, perianthii foliolis late ovatis, filamentis gracillimis, capsula obcuneata 4-sperma, seminibus splendentibus. — Kunth, En. Plant. iv. 609. (Gunn, 346.) (Tas. CXXXII. A.) Has. Abundant in grassy places throughout the Island.— (Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) DisrarB. Victoria, A charming little plant, conspicuous in grassy pastures from the beautiful blue of its star-shaped flowers, Roots of thick, tuberous, fleshy fibres. Leaves flat, plane, linear, rather obtuse, ciliolate, longer than the leaves, sparingly branched in a corymbose form above. Filaments very slender. Capsule rather membranous, 2-3 inches long. Scape Flowers erect, about 4 inch in diameter. with four shining compressed black seeds in each cell. This, Liliacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 53 and one or two other South Australian species, belongs to a different section of the genus from the following, having, besides the characters given above, broad segments of the perianth, slender filaments, and membranous capsules.— Pirate CXXXII. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2, stamen; 3, ovary; 4, the same, cut transversely ; 5, capsule; 6, transverse section of ditto; 7, seed; 8, the same, cut longitudinally :—all magnified. § 2. Flowers racemose. Ovary with two ovules in each cell. Capsule broadly globose, coriaceous, three-lobed ; lobes with two or three globose, opaque seeds, with a large umbilicus. 2. Ceesia parviflora (Br. Prodr. 277); radicibus e fibris cylindricis elongatis fasciculatis, foliis anguste lanceolatis v. filiformibus, racemis strictis gracilibus basi divisis, floribus parvis binis v. aggregatis erectis, perianthii foliolis lineari-oblongis, filamentis planis, capsula brevi 3-loba, lobis 1-2-spermis, seminibus globosis, umbilico lato, testa atra opaca granulata.—Kunth, En. iv. 609. (Gunn, 1383.) Has. Sandy soil: in the northern coasts of the Colony, at Georgetown, Launceston, etc.— (Fl. Dec., Jan.) Disrris. New South Wales (Brown), South-west Australia ? I am uncertain whether this or the following is the C. parviflora, Br., but incline to refer this to it, from the roots being truly fibrous. I have not, however, seen any Australian specimens of the present species, except, indeed, it be the same as a Swan River one, which it closely resembles. Of this Tasmanian C. parviflora 1 have two varieties, one smaller, with filiform leaves, from sand-hills at Georgetown, the other from Penquite, with rather broader leaves. —Roots of fascicled, cylindrical, rather fleshy fibres. Leaves 3-7 inches long, very narrow. Racemes strict, erect, slender, branched at the base, many-flowered. Flowers small, + inch long, erect, pedicelled, the pedicels clustered by two or more in the axil of each small membranous bract. Pedicels about as long as the flowers. Perianth with linear-oblong lobes. 9. Czesia vittata (Br. Prodr. 277) ; radice e fibris crassis tuberosis fusiformibus, foliis lanceolato- linearibus gramineis planis, racemis strietis basi divisis v. paniculatim ramosis, floribus aggregatis erectis nutantibusque, perianthii foliolis linearibus, filamentis basi et apice angustatis, capsula subglobosa 3-loba, lobis 1-2-spermis, seminibus globosis, hilo late strophiolato, testa atra opaca minutissime granulata.— Kunth. En. iv. 608. (Gunn, 99.) Has. Common in grassy places, and especially in the northern parts of the Island: Launceston, Laurence, Gunn.—(Fl. Oct., Dec.) Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. A very pretty plant, not easily distinguishable by descriptions from C. parviflora, but much larger in all its parts, with longer, broader leaves, a more branched, often spreading panicle of racemose flowers nearly à inch long, and the seeds not so strongly granulated. Gen. V. THYSANOTUS, Br. Flores cerulei, umbellati v. sparsi, pedicellis medio articulatis. Perianthium 6-partitum, eguale, persistens ; foliolis exterioribus angustioribus, interioribus utringue coloratis margine fimbriatis v. nudis. Stamina 6; filamentis brevibus, glabris; antheris apice productis. Ovarium 3-loculare ; stylo elongato, gracili; stigmate simplici; ovulis 2. Capsula perianthio involuta, membranacea, 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis. Semina loculis 2, altero pendulo, altero erecto; testa atra, crustacea; umbilico strophiolato.— Herbe ; radicibus tuberosis fibrosisve ; caule stricto v. volubili ; foliis linearibus v. 0; floribus solitariis paniculatis umbellatisve. The largest Australian genus of the Order, containing upwards of thirty species, found in both temperate and tropical regions, but confined to Australia and Tasmania, with the exception, perhaps, of a Philippine Island VOL. II. D 94 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Ziliacee. plant (Cuming, 981), which has been doubtfully referred by Planchon, from an imperfect specimen, to this genus. Considering how abundant this genus is in Australia, its rarity in Tasmania is remarkable. T. Patersoni, the only Tasmanian species hitherto known, is a slender, annual, twining, leafless plant, with a perennial root of many stalked or sessile tubers.—S/em as thick as small twine, simple, terete, and straight at the base, soon becoming flexuous, angled, and branched. Flowers about 4 inch across, numerous, blue-purple, on stout pedicels, solitary or alternate, pedicels with small bracts at the base. Perianth of six equal spreading pieces, that are persistent, and enclose the capsule; outer leaflets narrow, with membranous edges; inner broad, margins not fimbriate. Stamens six, rather unequal, with short filaments and linear membranous anthers, whose cells are white and membranous at the apex. Capsule membranous, three-celled, with two superimposed compressed seeds in each cell. esta black, rather shining; funiculus expanded at the hilum into a membranous arillus. (Name from 0vcavoros, fringed; in allusion to the fringed perianth.) l. Thysanotus Patersoni (Br. Prodr. 284); radicibus tuberosis fasciculatis, caule volubili ramoso aphyllo, ramis angulatis patentibus, floribus sparsis breve pedicellatis, staminibus 6, antheris apice membranaceis.— Kunth, En. iv. 616. (Gunn, 351.) Has. Creeping amongst grass, not uncommon in many parts of the Island, but easily overlooked.— (Fl. Oct., Nov.) (v. v.) Distrıg. Victoria and South Australia. Gen. VI. HERPOLIRION, He Flos spathis duabus inclusus. Perianthium tubuloso-campanulatum, 6-partitum, foliolis eequalibus lineari-oblongis. Stamina 6, filamentis filiformibus; antheris demum subtortis. Ovarium oblongum, 3-loculare; stylo filiformi; stigmate simplici; ovulis plurimis biseriatis.— Herbe; rhizomate repente, radicante ; foliis linearibus, subglaucescentibus, basi vaginantibus; flore sessili, luteo v. pallide ceruleo ; perianthii foliolis exterioribus multinerviis, interioribus paueinervüs. A remarkable little genus, of only two known species, one a native of the mountains of New Zealand, and the other of those of Tasmania. The D. Tasmanie is a small alpine plant, with slender, creeping, tufted rhizomes, sending up very short stems, bearing spreading leaves and one sessile flower.— Leaves 1-3 inches long, glaucous, linear, acute, the inner shorter, passing into spathaceous bracts, the two last of which enclose the flower. Flower quite sessile, erect, very variable in size, from 3 to 1 inch long, of a fine pale-blue, varying to yellowish and white (according to Gunn). Perianth campanulately six-parted ; segments very variable in length and breadth, from oblong to narrow-linear. Stamens six, with slender, slightly pubescent filaments, and small linear-oblong anthers, emargi- nate at the base, twisted when old. Ovary oblong, three-celled, with a slender straight style, and many ovules in each cell. (Name from &prw, to creep, and Auen, a lily.) l. Herpolirion Tasmanix (H.f. in Fl N. Zeal. i. 258.) (Gunn, 371. (Tas. OXXXII. 2.) Has. Summits of the Western Mountains, in wet places; banks of Lake St. Clair, covering large patches of ground, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) Distris. Mountains of Victoria, Mueller. Pirate CXXXII. B. Fig. 1, flower; 2, outer sepal; 3, inner ditto; 4, stamen; 5, pistil; 6, transverse sec- tion of ovary :—all magnified. Gen. VII. TRICORYNE, br. Flores flavi, umbellati, erecti. Perianthium patens, «equale, 6-partitum, deciduum, post anthesin tortum. Stamina 6; filamentis penicillatis. Ovarium 3-partitum, lobis 2-ovulatis, basi stylo filiformi connexis; stigmate simplici. «Capsula profunde 1—3-loba, lobis evalvibus clavatis monospermis. Semina Liliacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 55 ovoidea; testa atra, crustacea, opaca.—Herbe; radice fibrosa ; foliis gramineis; caule vel scapo ramoso ; ramis basi bracteatis ; floribus pedicellatis ; pedicellis articulatis. I have seen eight or ten Australian species of this genus; they inhabit various parts of the tropica land extratropical coasts. The genus is best known by its erect, yellow flowers being collected into small, bracteate umbels ; by the ovary being deeply three-lobed ; by the hairy filaments ; and by the fruit being formed of one to three coriaceous, indehiscent, one-seeded cocci; the roots are fibrous, leaves grassy, and inflorescence branched. 7. elatior is a slender plant, 1-2 feet high, with slender, compressed, divaricating branches, and small umbels of four to seven shortly pedicelled flowers. (Name from rpeıs, three, and xopvvn, a club; in allusion to the form of the carpels.) 1. Tricoryne elatior (Br. Prodr. 278) ; caule teretiusculo ramoso folioso, ramis gracilibus divari- catim ramosis angulatis, foliis planis, umbellis 4—7-floris.— Bauer, Ill. Plant. Nov. Holl. t. 11; Endl. Icon. t. 61; Kunth, En. iv. 612. (Gunn, 1384.) Has. South Esk River, thirty miles from Launceston, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer.—(Fl. Dec.) Distris. Tropical and temperate coasts of Australia, from Port Curtis to Swan River. Gen. VIII. STYPANDRA, Br. Flores ceerulei flavi v. albicantes, paniculatim corymbosi; pedicellis artieulatis, umbellulatis. Perian- thium 6-partitum, equale, patens, deciduum. Stamina 6; filamentis infra attenuatis curvatis glabris, supra stuposo-barbatis pubescentibusve. Ovarium 3-loculare ; stylo filiformi; stigmate simplici; ovulis plurimis. Capsula 3-locularis, 3-valvis. Semina pauca, ovalia, umbilico nudo; testa atra, splendente ; embryone recto.—Herbe subrigida, perennes; rhizomate repente, radices fibrosas emittente ; foliis lineari- ensiformibus, distichis, vaginis integris v. semivaginantibus; antheris demum revolutis, filamentorum bar- bisque flavis. The species of Stypandra, about ten of which are known to me, are all natives of Australia and Tasmania, except one New Caledonian species ; they are rather rigid, perennial plants, with creeping rhizomes, fibrous roots, and distichous, sometimes glaucous, ensiform leaves.—Scape or stems naked or leafy, branched. Flowers white, blue, or yellowish, in panicled corymbs or umbels. Perianth of six, equal, spreading pieces. Stamens six; fila- ments contracted below the middle, densely bearded above. Ovary three-celled ; cells many-ovuled; style slender, erect. Capsule three-celled, three-valved. Seeds few, with a brilliantly-polished, black, crustaceous testa. (Name from orvry, tow, and avyp, a stamen.) l. Stypandra ceespitosa (Br. Prodr. 279) ; 2-3-pedalis, foliis radicalibus anguste lineari-ensifor- mibus planis margine scabris vaginis fissis, caulinis abbreviatis, scapo pluries dichotome paniculatim ra- moso, pedicellis umbellatis alternisve bracteatis perianthiisque glaberrimis.—Sieb. Plant. Exsice. n. 201, 263; Kunth, En. iv. 626. (Gunn, 1386.) Has. Sandy, wet land: near Georgetown, and probably elsewhere in the Colony, abundant, Gunn.— (El. Dec., Jan.) Disrgis. New South Wales and Victoria. Very variable in size, but usually from 2 to 3 feet high. eaves shorter, or rather longer, than the scape, narrow-linear, rigid, glaucous; margins rough. Scape repeatedly divided in a dichotomous manner; the branches alternate; pedicels umbellate or alternate. Flowers blue or yellow, about 3-2 inch across. Filaments densely pubescent for nearly their whole length. 2. Stypandra umbellata (Br. Prodr. 279); 6-pollicaris v. pedalis, foliis strictis lineari-ensiformibus margine levibus vaginis fissis, caulino solitario abbreviato, scapo parce ramoso, pedicellis 2-4 umbellatis perianthiisgue glaberrimis.—Sieb. Plant. Exsice. 200 ; Kunth, En. iv. 626. »(Gunn, 766.) 56 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Liliacee. Has. Abundant in sandy soil throughout the Colony.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. Gunn doubts whether this be distinct from S. cespitosa, and his doubts are probably well founded; it differs chiefly in its much smaller size, shorter leaves, with smooth margins, less branched inflorescence, and more uni- formly umbellate flowers; but all these characters are very fallacious. Gen. IX. DIANELLA, Zamarck. Flores albi v. cerulei, paniculati, pedicellis apice articulatis. Perianthium 6-partitum, zequale, patens, deciduum. Stamina 6; filamentis curvis, superne incrassatis, glabris pubescentibus stuposisve; antheris linearibus, strictis, basifixis. Ovarium 3-loculare ; stylo gracili; stigmate simplici; ovulis plurimis. Bacca globosa v. oblonga, 3-locularis ; loculis polyspermis. Semina ovoidea ; testa atra, splendente ; umbilico nudo. —Herbe rigide, perennes ; rhizomate repente ; radicibus fibrosis ; foliis rigide coriaceis, gramineis, basi semi- vaginantibus ; pedicellis basi bracteola unilaterali stipatis ; floribus nutantibus ; baccis ceruleis. A large genus, found in Madagascar, in the tropical parts of India, the Malayan and Polynesian Islands, and New Zealand. About ten Australian and Tasmanian species are known to me; they are very difficult to discrimi- nate; and I am not certain that any of the species I have named according to Brown's * Prodromus,” are really the plants there described, nor that all here distinguished are really distinct. The stamens appear to me to afford the best characters. In general structure the genus is closely allied to Stypandra, but the species are of a larger, coarser, more rigid growth, the flowers panicled, the filaments thickened and often pubescent, or tomentose above the curved, glabrous portion, the anthers short or long, and straight, and the fruit is a blue, indehiscent berry. (Name from Diana, as Goddess of woods.) l. Dianella czrulea (Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 505); foliis caulinis numerosis elongatis ensiformibus ( unc. latis) marginibus et carina serrulatis, panicule ramis brevibus: parum divisis, pedicellis confertis perianthio brevioribus, filamenti parte incrassata anthera flava breviore, bacca parva globosa.— Red. Lil. t. 19; Br. Prodr. 279. (Gunn, 1387.) Has. Near Launceston, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer. (Fl. Nov. ?) Disrris. Eastern and Southern Australia, from the tropic to Victoria. The only Tasmanian specimens of this plant which I have seen, were grown in Mr. Gunn’s garden at Pen- quite, but were transplanted there from the neighbourhood. It agrees well with the figures quoted, and with the de- scription of Brown, except in the branches of the panicle being curved ; in this respect it resembles the D. revoluta, which is figured in the ‘ Botanical Register’ as having straw-coloured anthers (but described as having them fus- cous). D. revoluta of the ‘ Botanical Register” is another allied plant, with toothed margins to the leaf (as the Tasmanian plant and the D. cerulea have), but Brown describes that species as having the margins of the leaf smooth. All these are possibly varieties of one, some of my subtropical specimens of D. cerulea having the leaves very obscurely rough here and there on the margins. The broad, serrulate leaves, short, curved pedicels, and yellow anthers, being longer than the thickened part of the filament, best distinguish this plant from its Tasmanian con- geners. 2. Dianella longifolia (Br. Prodr. 280) ; foliis radicalibus longe et anguste lineari-ensiformibus (vix 4 une. latis) margine carinague levibus, paniculz ramis elongatis gracilibus parum divisis, pedicellis gracilibus flore longioribus, filamenti apice incrassato lineari parte inferiore eequilongo et anthera fusca bre- viore.— Lind. Bot, Reg. 134; Kunth, En. v. 54. (Gunn, 564 in parte.) Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Distris. New South Wales. A tall plant, 3 feet high, very slender, with very long, narrow leaves, whose margins and carina are smooth. Liliacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 57 Panicle large, spreading, very much branched ; branches slender, spreading, more or less curved ; pedicels also long and slender. Flowers deep blue. Filaments about as long as the yellow-brown anthers; swollen part of the fila- ment about as long as the lower part. Lindley states, under his D. revoluta, t. 1120, that the figure of D. longi- folia (734) is perhaps not Brown's plant, but a luxuriant variety of the revoluta. The present plant however so well agrees with Brown’s description of D. longifolia, and Lindley’s plate of that name, that in the absence of more definite descriptions of the anthers and filaments in the * Prodromus,’ I feel obliged to consider it as such. 3. Dianella levis (Br. Prodr. 280); foliis radicalibus late ensiformibus planis caule brevioribus, marginibus et carina vix elevata levibus, caulinis paucis distantibus, panicula parce ramosa elongata, ramis breviusculis, pedicellis flore eeguilongis gracilibus, filamenti parte superiore incrassata lineari anthera fusca zquilonga, parte inferiore brevissima.— Kunth, En. v. 54. ? D. elegans, Kunth et Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1848, fide Kth. l.c. (Gunn, 566, in part.) Has. Tasmania, Fraser: Hampshire Hills, Gunn.— (Fl. Sept., Oct.) DistriB. New South Wales. I have only a portion of a large plant, with a young leaf, from Fraser, and the top of a panicle from Gunn. In general appearance it resembles the other species, but the leaf is described by Brown as flat, with an inconspi- cuous keel, and in my specimens the thickened part of the filament is linear, as long as the anther, and the lower part is extremely short. 4. Dianella revoluta (Br. Prodr. 280); foliis radicalibus anguste lineari-elongatis (4 unc. latis) marginibus revolutis carinaque prominente levibus, caulinis paucis, panicule elongate ramis breviusculis gracilibus paucifloris pedicellisque arcuatis, filamentorum parte incrassata brevi anthera fusca multoties bre- viore, parte inferiore gracili incrassata subzquilonga, baccis globosis.—Äunth, En. v. 49; Sieb. Pl. Ersicc. 198; an Bot. Reg. t. 1120? PD. angustifolia, Schult. Syst. vii. 352, ex Kunth, l.e. (Gunn, 564.) Has. Common in poor sandy soil on the north coast, and probably throughout the Island, Gunn, Archer, etc.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. A tall, handsome plant, 2—4 feet high, with long, narrow, rigid leaves, very revolute at the margins, and narrow, elongate, branched panicles of numerous blue flowers. Leaves with the margins and very prominent keel smooth. Anthers fuscous, much longer than the thickened portion of the filament, which is very short, yellow, and rather shorter than the glabrous, subulate base of the filament. 5. Dianella Tasmanica (Hook. fil); 4-5-pedalis, foliis radicalibus late et longe ensiformibus (1 une. latis) marginibus revolutis carinague prominula serrulatis, panicula decomposite ramosa pedunculis subfasciculatis pedicellisque curvis, antheris fuscis parvis brevibus filamentorum parte incrassata breviori- bus, baccis globosis. (Gunn, 565.) (Tas. CXXXIII. A.) B. Common in rich moist soil: Circular Head, Woolnorth, etc., Gunn. Danae Victoria. Much the largest Tasmanian species, attaining a height of 5 feet, with the leaves 3—4 feet long, and 1 inch broad, their margins revolute, and prominent keel serrulate. Panicle 1-2 feet long, very robust, much branched, the branches somewhat fascicled. Anthers very short and small, fuscous, shorter than the long, large, thickened apex of the filament; lower glabrous part of filament very short. — Gunn says that this is a much larger plant than D. revoluta, with paler blue flowers, and with the perianth completely i reflexed when fully expanded. The perianth seems to grow considerably as the fruit ripens, and encloses the berry; but all the fruiting specimens having been immersed in boiling water to facilitate their drying, it is impossible to examine them satisfactorily. I have a spe- cimen of what appears the same species, from Victoria, sent by the indefatigable Mueller with D. revoluta. The very small anthers being much shorter than the thickened part of the filaments, distinguish the species. VOL. II. Q 58 : FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Liliacee. PLATE CXXXIII. 4. Fig. 1, flower; 2 and 3, front and back view of stamens ; 3, transverse section of ovary : —all magnified. 6. Dianella Archeri (Hook. fil.) ; 1-2-pedalis, foliis radicalibus late et longe ensiformibus (1 unc. latis) margine revolutis carinaque serrulatis, panicula parce ramosa, pedunculis pedicellisque curvis, floribus campanulatis, sepalis interioribus late oblongis, filamentis crassis elongatis anthera multo longioribus 3 exterioribus sepalis semiadnatis, baccis oblongis. (Tas. CXXXIII. B.) Has. Cheshunt, Archer. A remarkably distinct-looking species, most similar to D. Tasmanica, with which it agrees in foliage, but it is smaller, with a less-branched panicle, larger campanulate flowers, very much broader segments of the perianth, and large oblong berry. The filaments are long and stout, but not so thickened upwards as in D. Tasmanica, and the outer series are adnate for half their length to the sepals. Prarg CXXXIII. B. Fig. 1, flower; 2, outer sepal and stamen; 3, inner sepal; 4, inner stamen; 5, ovary ; 6, berry; 7, seed :—all magnified. Gen. X. XANTHORRH(EA, Smith. Flores multibracteati, in spicam amentiformem densissime congesti. Perianthium 6-partitum, foliolis basi conniventibus, interioribus concavis. Stamina 6, basi perianthii inserta; filamentis linearibus, glabris, exsertis; antheris versatilibus. Ovarium 3-loculare; stylo erecto trisulco; stigmate simplici. Capsula ovata, lignea, trilocularis, loculicide trivalvis ; loculis polyspermis. Semina pauca, compressa; testa atra, crustacea, umbilico nudo; albumine carnoso; embryone transverso. — Plante perennes, habitu proprio ; trunco subnullo v. erecto, subarboreo, crasso ; foliis ad apicem caudicis numerosissimis effusis, longissime linea- ribus, gramineis, subtriquetris, basibus dilatatis, persistentibus, corticem spurium efficientibus et sepissime resina scatentibus ; scapo robusto, simplici, tereti ; floribus albis, parvis; bracteis unguiculatis, imbricatis ; capsulis exsertis, brunneis, nitidis. One of the most remarkable of Australian genera, some species of which are well known to the colonists as “ Black-boys.” One of the larger species, with tall, erect trunks, occurs in Tasmania, where the dwarf kinds are more abundant. Brown enumerates seven species, all natives of the eastern and south-eastern shores of Australia or of Tasmania, and several others are described from the Swan River Colony. In all, the bases of the leaves are persistent, and form a more or less complete spurious bark to the trunk ; they are further, in some species, cemented together by a copious exudation of rich, red-brown, fragrant resin.— Leaves very numerous, effuse, narrow-linear, pendulous from beyond the middle. Flowers collected into dense cylindrical spikes, 6 inches to 2 feet long, sessile, bracteate. Perianth of six obovate, rather coriaceous or scarious leaflets. Stamens inserted at the base of the perianth, with long, exserted filaments, and versatile anthers. Ovary three-celled, with many ovules, and a long, straight style. Capsules woody, shining, protruding from the amentum, three-celled, three-valved, few-seeded. Seeds with a black testa. (Name from £avos, yellow, and peo, to flow ; in allusion to the gum.) 1. Xanthorrheea australis (Dr. Prodr. 288); trunco arborescente (1-2-pedali?), foliis ancipiti- bus, scapo amento elongato breviore, bracteis fasciculos subtendentibus elongatis.—Kunth, En. iv. 649. (Gunn, 953.) Has. Northern coast of Tasmania: Rocky Cape to Detention River, and Asbestos Hills, Gunn.— (Fl. Oct., Nov.) Disrris. Victoria. Trunk, REA to Gunn, never in Tasmania exceeding 2 feet high. Leaves 2-3 feet long, slightly scabrous. Scapes very variable in length, from a few inches to 4 feet high, robust. Spikes a foot or two long. Flowers open- ing first on the sunny side of the spike.—The aborigines used to eat the centre of the stem and bases of the young leaves, which have a nutty flavour, but are not palatable. Lihacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 59 2. Manthorrheea hastilis (Br. Prodr. 288) ; trunco arboreo ramoso (6-pedali), foliis extra medium triquetris, scapo amentum longissimum vix æquante, bracteis perianthiisque imberbibus.—Kuntk, En. iv. 649. (Gunn, MSS., 690, exempl. nullum.) Has. Flinders’ Island, Guna. Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. I have seen no Flinders’ Island specimens of this plant, which has not yet been found on the mainland of Tasmania. According to Gunn, it attains about 6 feet in height, and is very irregularly branched ; it yields a great quantity of resin.— Scape varying from 4-6 feet long. 3. Xanthorrhoea minor (Br. Prodr. 288); acaulis, foliis inferne ancipitibus ultra medium trique- tris, junioribus antice concavis, scapis plurimis 1-3-pedalibus, amentis 4-10-uncialibus, bracteis fasciculos subtendentibus floribus eguantibus, omnibus perianthiisque imberbibus v. apicibus foliolorum parce pilosis. —Kuath, En. iv. 649. (Gunn, 764.) Has. Abundant; covering large tracts of ground near Yorktown and east of Georgetown; top of Grasstree Hill, near Hobarton.—(Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. I refer this with some doubt to Brown’s X. minor, the descriptions being insufficient to identify the plant. It is a small stemless species, which, unlike its Tasmanian congeners, sends up numerous flowering scapes from each head of leaves. Mr. Gunn further remarks that it appears to flower only occasionally, the flowers being abundant in one year, and very few having been found in the same place in the following season. It often covers the ground to the exclusion of everything else, and the country appears white from the abundance of its flowering stems. Gen. XI. LAXMANNIA, Br. Flores capitati, multibracteati. Perianthium 6-phyllum, persistens ; foliolis basi conniventibus, exte- rioribus scariosis. Stamina 6; filamentis subulatis, glabris, foliolis perianthii insertis; antheris subrotundis, peltatis. Ovarium 3-loculare; stylo filiformi, cum ovario articulato; stigmate simplici; ovulis paucis, am- phitropis. Capsula perianthio inclusa, 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis. Semina 1-2, peltata, umbilico nudo; testa atra, crustacea; embryone dorsali.—Herbe perennes, facie Polycarpese ; radice fibrosa; cau- libus drevibus v. elongatis et ramosis, foliatis ; foliis aceroso-filiformibus, confertis; stipulis basi vaginatis, vaginis ciliatis ; capitulo pedunculato, multibracteato ; floribus parvis, unibracteatis, albis purpureisve. A very remarkable genus, dissimilar in habit from any of the above. About ten species are known, all of them exclusively Australian except Z. minor, and most of them inhabitants of the south-west quarter.— Stems tufted, short or elongate, wiry and much branched. eaves all radical, or, in the branched species, collected in fascicles on the stems, linear, acerose or subulate, with scarious, often ciliated, membranous, silvery, stipulary sheaths at the base. Flowers in long scapes, densely capitate, surrounded by imbricating bracts; the bracts and outer leaflets of the perianth scarious. Stamens 6, inserted on the perianth; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers small, versatile. Ovary three-celled, with few ovules, a straight slender style jointed on the ovary and simple stigma. Capsule three-celled, with few seeds; testa black.— The L. minor is a small, tufted plant, looking some- thing like a matted grass, with numerous, slender, branching stems, bearing at intervals tufts of six to eight acerose, recurved leaves; these are 4-14 inch long, rigid, terete, acute, surrounded at the base by silvery, ciliate scales. Heads of flowers sessile in the tufts of leaves, very minute, with many scarious, ovate-lanceolate, sheathing bracts, the outer white and ciliated, often silvery, the inner longer, often purple. Flowers about 4 inch long, variable in length, each with a sheathing, appressed bract. Outer segments of perianth ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, hardly acute, but appearing acuminate from the involute margins, generally pale red-purple; inner leaflets much smaller, oblong, membranous. Stamens of outer series inserted at the base of the outer lesflets; of the inner, half- 60 FLORA OF TASMANIA. ; | Liliacee. way up the inner leaflets; all included, with very slender filaments and small yellow anthers. Ovary trigonous. (Named in honour of E. Laxmann, a Siberian traveller.) l. Laxmannia minor (Br. Prodr. 286) ; caulibus dense ceespitosis tenuibus ramosis, foliis fascicu- latis curvis acerosis (pollicaribus), stipulis longe ciliatis, capitulis sessilibus 6—8-floris, bracteis exterioribus subciliatis, interioribus plerisque margine integris, perianthii foliolis exterioribus scariosis lineari- v. oblongo- lanceolatis acutis involutis, interioribus lineari-oblongis obtusiusculis membranaceis exterioribus dimidio minoribus.—Kunth, En. iv. 642. (Gunn, 968.) Has. Heathy places: abundant in some of the north parts of the Colony, and at Georgetown, Circu- lar Head, and Asbestos Hills, Gwnn.—(Fl. Oct.) DisrnrB. Victoria, Robertson; Swan River, Drummond, Gen. XII. ASTELIA, Banks et Sol. Flores sericei, polygamo-dioici, racemosi v. paniculati. Perianthium rotatum v. campanulatum, 6-par- titum, patens. Stamina 6, in floribus foemineis minimis castratis. Ovarium 3-gonum, 1—3-loculare; ovulis plurimis v. paucis, axillaribus parietalibusve; stylo erecto, apice trilobo v. 0 ; stigmatibus sessilibus. Bacca ovoidea v. globosa, carnosa, 1- v. 3-locularis. Semina pauca v. plurima; testa atra, crustacea, nitida; albu- mine carnoso; embryone brevi.— Herbs perennes; radicibus fibrosis; foliis elongatis, radicalibus subtrifa- riam imbricatis, longe vaginantibus, vaginis membranaceis, utrinque vel subtus villis argenteis sericeis furfu- raceis paleaceisve compressis obtectis, basibus longissime dense villosis; scapo erecto, pariter villoso, apice ramoso. The plants comprised in Astelia and Milligania are so different from most Liliacee, that they may be regarded as a separate group, though whether entitled to rank as another Order or not must be a matter of doubt at present. Most of them resemble some Melanthacee in habit far more than they do any Liliacee, and some of them have separable styles, but others have a single terminal style; none have extrorse anthers, and all have black erustaceous integuments to the seed. Astelia consists of about ten species, chiefly natives of New Zealand (where most are large epiphytes), but some inhabit the Polynesian Islands, one Fuegia, and another the alps of Tasmania and Vic- toria, and one is confined to Tasmania. ` All are herbaceous plants, with thick fibrous roots, numerous narrow radical leaves, covered, as are all other parts in most of the species, with silvery, furfuraceous or woolly hairs; many are dicecious.— Flowers in panicles or branched racemes, generally green or yellowish, seldom conspicuous. Perianth of the male campanulate or rotate, deeply six-lobed, of the female rotate or urceolate, sometimes enclosing the fruit. Stamens six, inserted on the perianth, rudimentary in the female flower; ‚filaments subulate or fili- form; anthers linear or broad. Ovary one- or three-celled, with one three-lobed style, or three sessile stigmas. Berry globose or ovoid, one- or three-celled, with many or few parietal or axile seeds. (Name from aocreXexos, wanting a stem.) 1. Astelia alpina (Br. Prodr. 291); foliis linearibus lanceolatis ensiformibusve, panicula foeminea densa, mascula laxa, antheris filamentisque brevibus, ovario oblongo, stigmatibus 3 subsessilibus, placentis 3 parietalibus, ovulis plurimis, seminibus paucis breviter oblongis, testa levi nitida.— Hook. Bot. Misc. i. p. 5. 4. 3; Kunth, En. iii. 264. (Gunn, 162.) Has. Abundant on all the mountains, in wet places.— (Fl. Dec.) DisrRrB. Alps of Victoria, Mueller. The 4. alpina forms dense matted tufts of silvery foliage on mountain bogs, etc.— Leaves very variable in size, length and breadth, and form, 4-14 inches long, lanceolate, ensiform, or linear, with densely silky, villous, membranous, sheathing bases. Scapes shorter than the leaves, erect, also densely silky with long soft hairs; female bearing short, dense, bracteate panicles of flowers; male panicle more lax and spreading. Bracts leafy. Perianth Liliacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 61 six-parted. Ovary linear-oblong, with three very short stigmas and as many parietal placentee, each with nume- rous ovules on slender curved funiculi. Berry ovoid, fleshy, $ inch long, bright red, with a few oblong, rounded, polished black seeds, sweetish, eatable, greedily devoured by birds. 2. Astelia stylosa (Mueller, MSS.) ; foliis anguste lanceolatis nervosis, panicula laxa ramosa, brac- teis ovato-lanceolatis membranaceis, perianthii laciniis linearibus membranaceis glabris, bacca globosa, stylo gracile apice trifido, seminibus sub-6 reniformibus. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Stuart. I have seen only a fragment of this very distinct species, sent by Dr. Mueller. It is at once distinguished from A. alpina by the small globose berry, with a straight, slender style.—Leaves 14 foot long, lj inch broad, white beneath. * Scape slender. Berry 4-2 inch in diameter. Seeds about six, minute, shining and black. Gen. XIII. MILLIGANIA, H€ Perianthium persistens, patens, fere ad basin hemisphericum, 6- (rarius 5-7-)partitum, segmentis imbri- catis. Stamina 6, parva, segmentis inserta; filamentis brevibus, subulatis; antheris introrsis, versatilibus, 2-locularibus, polline subgloboso. Ovarium oblongum, basi perianthio immersum et eo adherens, 3-loculare. Styli 3, discreti, subulati, recurvi ; stigmata punctiformia ; ovu/a plurima, angulo interiori affixa, ascendentia, anatropa. Capsula oblonga, obtusa, profunde triloba, chartaceo-membranacea, ad medium tripartibilis, loculis (stylis fissis terminatis) superne breviter loculicide dehiscentibus. Semina plurima v. abortu pauca, ascendentia, linearia, curva; testa crustacea, atra, nitida, utrinque subcarunculata v. apice appendiculata ; endopleura membranacea; albumine carnoso; embryone tereti, axillari.—Herbe elate cespitose Tasmanice, facie Astelim, sericee v. villosa ; radice fibrosa, fibris crassis; foliis lineari-ensiformibus, siccis coriaceis ; scapo paniculato, ramoso, bracteato ; floribus pedicellatis, mediocribus, albis, bracteolatis ; capsula Anguil- larie. This curious genus is apparently intermediate between Liliacee and Melanthacer, differing from the former in the three separate styles, and the partially tripartible capsule, and from the latter in the more important characters of versatile introrse anthers, and few linear seeds covered with a black brittle testa. Its general appearance is very similar to Astelia, and it further agrees with that genus in the nature of the silky wool, the very coriaceous foliage, the hemispherical base of the perianth, oblong capsule, and especially in the long seed. It differs from that genus in the structure and dehiscence of the capsule, which resembles in form, etc., that of Anguillaria. So much diver- sity exists however in the form, placentation, and dehiscence of the fruit in 4stelia, that much stress cannot be laid upon that organ; and though the affinities of both Milligania and Astelia are so obscure, I regard them as nearly allied to one another, and both as members of the Asphodelee. (Named in honour of Dr. Joseph Milligan, Secre- tary of the Tasmanian Philosophical Society.) 1. Milligania longifolia (Nob. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 296. t. 9); foliis elongato-linearibus subgramineis basi parce villosis, panicula laxa effusa ramis gracilibus, bracteis bracteolisque membranaceis linearibus lineari-lanceolatisve. (Gunn, 1388.) Has. Franklin River, under shade of Huon Pines, Gunn ; crevices of limestone cliffs, Gordon's River, Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan.— (Fl. Dec., Feb.) Mr. Gunn, who discovered this genus and species, states that it grew in company with some of the most pecu- liar plants of Tasmania, Huon Pine, Anopterus glandulosa, Cenarrenes nitida, and Richea pandanifolia, all of which are typical of a most humid atmosphere. It so much resembles large specimens of Astelia alpina in habit and general appearance, that its discoverer took it for that plant; and he adds that the specimens were nearly three months drying, between papers that were daily changed.— Plants apparently growing in dense large tufts, with long, pen- dulous, spreading foliage, and erect scapes. Roots of stout, simple fibres. Stems of large plants nearly 2 inches in VOL. II. R 62 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Juncee. diameter at the base, formed of the sheathing bases of the leaves, which are surrounded by the fibres of decayed foliage. Leaves shorter or longer than the scape, 1-3 feet long, 3-2 inches broad, linear, gradually tapering at the top to a long point, grassy-green, ribbed when dry, more or less silky or villous towards the base and along the midrib. Scape villous, 1-2 feet high, branched above the middle, bearing below that one or two narrow, linear-subulate, amplexicaul leaves. Panicle bracteate at the axils; dractee lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, generally elongate ; branches slender, spreading ; pedicels slender, cernuous, covered with silky wool, bearing small, linear, membranous bracteolee at the base. Flowers 4 inch broad, white, not jointed on to the pedicel. Perianth entire and cup-shaped at the base, then divided into six (rarely five or seven) linear-oblong, blunt lobes, that are imbricate and somewhat involute in estivation. Stamens small, inserted at the base of the segments; filaments subulate. Anthers small, versatile, two-lobed. Ovary sunk in the base of the perianth, and adherent at its base with it, oblong, three-lobed, with three subulate recurved stigmas, three-celled, with many axile, ascending ovules. Capsule oblong, membra- nous, three-lobed, three-celled, dehiscing to the middle down the axis, each cell splitting at the summit only, the divisions crowned by the persistent styles, which are also split in halves. Seeds few or many, linear, ascending, covered with a brittle, black, shining testa, that is contracted at either end of the seed. In small specimens the leaves are a span long, and J— inch broad. 2. Milligania densiflora (Nob. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. l.c. p. 298); foliis coriaceis patulis e basi lata vaginante gradatim angustatis acuminatis late subulato-lanceolatis lineari-subulatisve sparse sericeo- pilosis, scapo robusto sericeo-villoso, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis concavis longe acuminatis infima basi longe amplexicauli vaginante, vagina integra membranacea, panicula ovata densiflora ramis ramulisque robustis. Has. Mount Sorrell, Macquarrie Harbour, Dr. Milligan.—(Fl. Dec.) A very different-looking plant from the preceding, with much shorter, more coriaceous foliage, sheathing lower bracts, robust scape, broader bractlets, and dense panicle.— Zeaves coriaceous, 8-10 inches long, gradually tapering from a broad, sheathing base, 1-13 inch broad, to an acuminate point, sparingly covered with silky hairs. Scape woolly with silky hairs; robust, with one or two large, ovate, concave, leafy bracts, that have long, entire, amplexi- caul sheaths and tapering apices. Panicle 1-6 inches long; branches short, with concave leafy bracts; flowers crowded, 4 inch across, white. Nar. Or. XII. JUNCEA. Following Brown and Lindley, I have brought Xerotes under this Order, which, like most others of Monocotyledones of any extent, comprehends plants of very various habits and appearance. All agree in their six-parted perianth, which is generally scarious or coriaceous, and brown or green, but it is coloured and petaloid in some genera, and highly coloured and scarious in Calectasia. Of Juncee proper there are about twenty-five Australian species, most of them having very wide ranges, and few being confined to Australia and Tasmania; on the other hand, Xerotes is a remarkably local genus of plants. Gen. I. XEROTES, Br. Flores dioici. Perianthium 6-partitum, viride v. subcoloratum. Masc. foliola interiora v. omnia basi coherentia. Stamina 6, perianthio inserta; antheris peltatis. Pistilli rudımentum. Fam. Perianthii foliola distincta, persistentia. Stamina cassa. Ovarium 3-loculare; s¢ylis 3, basi connatis ; ovulis loculis solitariis. Capsula coriacea, v. subbaccata, corticata, 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis. membranacea, interdum laxa et axilleformi; alumine cartilagineo ; embryone recto. perennes, habitu varie; radice fibrosa; caule nullo v. rarius elongato, folioso, radicalibus, linearibus, planis cylindraceisve, basibus scariosis, ramosisve ; inflorescentia varia, capitata, cellatisve ; bracteis scariosis. Semina peltata; testa —Herbe rigida, aride, ramoso ; folis plerisque semivaginantibus ; scapis rigidis, simplicibus spicata, racemosa v. paniculata ; floribus parvis, sessilibus pedi- D Juncee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 63 A very remarkable genus, consisting of upwards of fifty species, all confined to Australia and Tasmania, and almost without exception confined in their ranges to the south-eastern or south-western guarters, scarcely any even of the south-coast species ranging from Victoria to Swan River. The species present great diversity in habit, but all are singularly dry, rigid, cyperaceous-looking plants, with fibrous roots, and almost invariably radical leaves, the stems being very short.— Leaves flat or terete, usually very long and rigid. Flowers sometimes in sessile heads, but usually in branched panicles, racemes, or spikes, sometimes densely capitate, often in dense clusters on the branches of the panicle. Flowers dicecious, generally greenish-white. Perianth six-parted; leaflets of the male flowers more or less cohering at the base, those of the female distinct, persistent. Stamens six, inserted on the peri- anth; anthers peltate. Ovary three-celled, cells one-ovuled. Capsule coriaceous, three-valved. Seeds with a mem- branous, pale testa. (Name from £nporns, dryness.) 1. Xerotes longifolia (Br. Prodr. 263) ; acaulis, foliis lineari-elongatis rigidis strictis apice bilobis eroso-dentatis, scapo ancipiti, panicula lanceolata ramis oppositis basi longibracteatis, floribus nodoso-glo- merulatis sessilibus.—Kunth, En. iii. 374; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839. 7. 3. Lomandra longifolia, Lab. Nov. Holl. i. p. 92. £.119. (Gunn, 336.) Has. Abundant in dry and moist ground throughout the Colony.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. A harsh, cyperaceous-looking plant.— Zeaves 2 feet long, very rigid, linear, variously cut or truncate at the top. Scape erect, flattened, stout, 6-12 inches high. Inflorescence panicled; branches opposite, the lower sometimes whorled, with long, subulate-lanceolate, spreading bracts at the base. Flowers small, sessile in glomeruli on the branches of the panicle, subtended by spreading, subulate bracts. 2. Xerotes glauca (Br. Prodr. 260); caule brevi basi ramoso, ramis brevibus, foliis angustissime linearibus strictis scaberulis apice tabescente obtuso, vaginis laceris, scapo simplici, floribus foemineis capi- tatis, masculis glomeratis, glomerulis in spicam elongatam dispositis.—Äunth, En. iii. 372; Sieb. Plant. Exsicc. 433, 488. (Gunn, 93.) Has. Abundant in gravelly soil near Penquite, and at Norfolk Plains, etc., Archer, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) DisrRiB. New South Wales and Victoria. A small, rigid species, 4-8 inches high, with a short, stout, much-branched stem, and long, very narrow, linear leaves, scaberulous to the touch, with blunt, brown tips. —Scapes short. Female flowers in a solitary, globose, almost sessile head ; males forming sessile glomeruli on an elongated, interrupted spike. Gen. II. JUNCUS, Z. Flores plerumque congesti, paniculati v. capitati. Perianthium coriaceum v. glumaceum, 6-partitum, 2-bracteatum. Stamina 6 v. 9, basi perianthio inserta; filamentis planis; antheris linearibus. Ovarium prismaticum, 1—3-loculare; sfy/o brevi; stigmatibus 3, elongatis. Capsula prismatica, perianthio inclusa, 3- rarius 1-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis. Semina plurima, ascendentia v. erecta; festa membranacea, inter- dum laxa v. utrinque producta, pallida.— Herbs erecta, annua v. rhizomate perenni, repente, squamoso ; culmis annuis, teretibus, basi foliosis v. aphyllis ; foliis glabris, teretibus v. rarius. planis v. adversis, intus continuis v. nodoso-articulatis; floribus viridibus brunneisve. A cosmopolitan genus, many of the species also being widely spread, of which the common English Rushes, Juncus communis, bufonius, and maritimus, all found in Australia and New Zealand, are examples. About twenty Australian species are known, most of which are temperate, and common to the east and west coasts, and to Tas- mania and other parts of the world. The species vary much in habit, being leafless or leafy, with the leaves terete, compressed, or quite flat.—Culms erect, bearing branched panicles or heads, or corymbs of inconspicuous, small, green or brown flowers. Perianth of six coriaceous or glumaceous leaflets. Stamens six, rarely three. Ovary 64 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Juncee. trigonous, three- (rarely one-) celled, with many axile ovules, a short style, and three long stigmas. Capsule small, brown, polished, three-angled, with many pale seeds with a membranous testa. (Name from jungo, to join; the leaves having been woven into cordage.) $ 1. Culms leafy at the base. Leaves all radical, or nearly so, quite flat, or with involute margins. 1. Juncus planifolius (Br. Prodr. 259); annuus, radice fibrosa, culmo nudo, foliis omnibus radi- calibus numerosis planis, inflorescentia terminali dense capitata v. floribus glomeratis, glomerulis cymoso- paniculatis, staminibus 3, capsulis prismaticis mucronatis perianthio brevioribus longioribusve, seminibus striolatis ovoideis, testa levi.—Fl. N. Zeal. i. 263; Fl. Antarct. 358, and Suppl. 545. (Gunn, 910, 1441.) Variat insigniter inflorescentia et statura. Has. Abundant in pastures, etc., throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct.—Dec.) (v. v.) DrsrarB. Throughout extratropical Australia, New Zealand, Lord Auckland's Island, and South Chili. Very variable in size and in the inflorescence, of which the flowers form sometimes a dense solitary capitulum, or are collected in glomeruli on a dichotomously-branched panicle. The numerous soft, broad, flat, radical leaves, annual fibrous root, naked, simple eulm, and three stamens, abundantly distinguish the species. 2. Juncus cespititius (E. Meyer, in Plant. Preiss. ii. 47, and Linnea, xxvi. 244) ; annuus, radice fibrosa, foliis omnibus radicalibus angustis planis marginibus involutis, scapo gracili, floribus glomerulatis, glomerulis 1-5 lateralibus pedunculatis v. omnibus cymosis, perianthii foliolis exterioribus acuminatis cap- sulam ellipticam acutam subeeguantibus, staminibus 6. (Guan, 971.) Has. Northern parts of the Island: Circular Head, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrRiB. Victoria and Swan River. Very similar indeed to small states of planifolius, of which it may prove a variety, but the leaves are narrower, and have involute margins, and the stamens are six in number. . 9. Juncus falcatus (E. Meyer, in Reliq. Henk. i. 144; Linnea, xxvi. 245); rhizomate repente perennante, culmis basi foliatis medio unifoliatis v. aphyllis, foliis rigidis anguste linearibus planis v. mar- ginibus involutis, capitulis solitariis terminalibus globosis, perianthii foliolis acutis capsulam late obovatam obtusam eguantibus, staminibus 6, seminibus lineari-oblongis, testa striata utrinque breviter producta. (Gunn, 339.) Has. Wet places in the mountains, as at Arthur's Lakes, Lake St. Clair, etc., Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Jan., Feb.) Distriz. Alps of Victoria, Mueller; Unalashka and California (fid. E. Meyer).  most distinct species, a span to a foot high, at once distinguished from its flat-leaved congeners by its creep- ing perennial rhizomes, solitary capitula of rather large flowers, large, obovate, blunt, black-brown capsule, striate seeds, with the testa produced beyond either end, and six stamens. 4. Juncus bufonius (Linn. Sp. Pl. 466); annuus, humilis, radice fibrosa, culmis numerosissimis foliosis, foliis radicalibus et caulinis lineari-setaceis marginibus involutis v. antice sulcatis, cyma terminali laxe dichotome ramosa, ramis tenuibus gracilibus, floribus 1-3-aggregatis majusculis pallidis, perianthii foliolis acutissimis capsulam lineari-prismaticam acutam superantibus, staminibus 6, seminibus ovato-glo- bosis, testa levi pallida nitida.— 77. N. Zeal. i. 264; E Meyer, in Plant. Preiss. ii. 47. Juncus plebejus, Br. Prodr. 239. (Gunn, 1495, 583.) Has. Abundant in moist places throughout the Colony.—(Fl. all the year.) (v. v.) S ” Throughout Europe and Northern Asia, North America, New Zealand, and temperate ustralia. Juncea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 65 A small pale-coloured species, with fibrous roots, sending up very many slender, leafy culms, 1-6 inches high. — Leaves linear-subulate, with large sheaths. Culms much branched; branches very slender, dichotomous, bearing solitary flowers or clusters of two or three. Perianth of very narrow, acuminate leaflets. Stamens six; sometimes a few are imperfect. Capsule shorter than the perianth, linear-obovate. 5. Juncus revolutus (Br. Prodr. 259); rhizomate repente perenni, foliis radicalibus plurimis cau- linis solitariis v. 0, omnibus anguste linearibus rigidis planis marginibus basi tenuiter incurvis superne recurvis v. planis supra levibus subtus striatis, culmo gracili angulato, floribus solitariis binisve, ramis corymbi parce divisi sessilibus pallidis, bracteolis membranaceis brevibus obtusis, perianthii foliolis acu- minatis capsulam obovatam retusam superantibus, staminibus 6, seminibus parvis pallidis, testa levi.— E. Meyer, in Linnea, xxvi. 245. J. Brownii, F. Mueller, MSS. (Gunn, 977.) Has. Tasmania, near the sea: Georgetown, etc., Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. Alps of Victoria, Mueller. I have described this most distinct species from Mueller's specimens, as well as from Tasmanian, which are much smaller, with fewer flowers. Tt is very similar in many respects to J. falcatus, especially in the creeping rhi- zome, and small states resemble J. bufonius, but the leaves are very peculiar, being narrow-linear, rigid, quite flat, with the margins narrowly recurved above, and incurved below, the upper surface is quite even, the under striate. Culm compressed or angled, with usually one leaf about the middle. Oyme of two or three unequal branches, bear- ing at intervals solitary flowers, or two or three together; these are rather large, very pale, with acuminate leaflets of the perianth, which are longer than the blunt capsule. $ 2. Culms leafy, branched, annual. Leaves terete, or laterally compressed. 6. Juncus capillaceus (Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 265) ; pusillus, culmis gracilibus cespitosis repenti- bus ramosis, foliis setaceis teretibus solidis continuis v. intus nodosis culmum gracilem superantibus, flori- bus solitariis v. paucis congestis sessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis bibracteatis, bractea interiore membra- nacea brevi exteriore (culmi apice) flores superante, perianthiis floriferis subacutis fructiferis acuminatis capsula elliptica rostrata membranacea l-loculare brevioribus, staminibus 6 elongatis, seminibus subglo- bosis politis nitidis. — J. prismatocarpus, 8 alpinus, Mueller, MSS. (Gunn, 1414, 1419.) (Tas. CXXXIV. B.) Haz. Alpine marshes: Arthur's Lakes, Gunn ; Cuming's Head, Archer ; Coal River tier, near Rich- mond, O/dfield.— (Fl. Dec., Jan.) Distris. Alps of Victoria, elev. 5-6000 ped., Mueller ; New Zealand, Colenso. A very small, extremely slender, tufted, annual species, with much-branched rhizomes, creeping at the base.— Culms filiform, 2-3 inches high. Leaves attenuate, very slender, subulate, longer than the culm. Inflorescence almost capitate, very small, of one to six minute flowers near the apex of the culm, subtended by two opposite bracts, of which one is the apex of the culm produced beyond the flowers, and the other is more membranous and very short. Capsule rostrate, longer than the perianth.—Pıate CXXXIV. B. Fig. 1, fruit in perianth; 2, outer sepal and stamen; 3, inner sepal and stamen; 4, capsule; 5, valve of ditto, and seeds; 6, seed; 7, vertical section of ditto :—all magnified. 7. Juncus Holoschoenus (Br. Brodr. 259) ; rhizomate perenni repente, culmis foliosis, foliis et in- volucro monophyllo lateraliter compressis intus nodoso-articulatis, floribus glomerulatis, glomerulis in cymam terminalem v. lateralem parce ramosam dispositis, perianthiis acuminatis capsulam prismaticam acuminatam 1-locularem «equantibus, staminibus 6, seminibus lineari-oblongis profunde striatis et transverse rugosis, testa utrinque breviter producta.—J. cephalotes, 77. N. Zeal. i. 263, an Thunb.? Prodr. 66. (Gunn, 415.) VOL. Il. S 66 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Juncee. Has. Abundant in marshy places throughout the Island.—(Fl. all summer.) (v. v.) | = Distrib. Throughout extratropical Australia; New Zealand; North and South Africa? Sardinia? North America? India? A very common plant, easily recognized from its Tasmanian allies by its short, creeping rhizome; tall, stout, leafy culms, 1-2 feet high; articulate, laterally compressed leaves; long leaf-like involucre; and BE cyme bearing heads of flowers. Small states have the leaves grassy and hardly articulate.—Perianths acuminate. Cap- sule acuminate, one-celled. $ 3. Rhizomes perennial, creeping. Leaves terete or none. Inflorescence lateral. 8. Juncus maritimus (Lamk. Encyc. Bot. iii. 264) ; elatus, culmo nudo foliisque radicalibus tereti- bus, panicula laterali corymbosa, ramis umbellatis, floribus glomeratis, perianthii foliolis exterioribus acutis capsulam oblongam obtusam «equantibus, staminibus 6, seminibus oblongis angulatis, testa utrinque laxa.— Br. Prodr. 258; Kunth, En. iti. 322; E. Meyer, in Plant. Preiss. ìi. 46; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 262. (Gunn, 980.) Has. Common in salt and brackish marshes, sometimes on moist sand-hills.— (Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, Europe and temperate Asia, North and South Africa, and North and South America. A tall, coarse Rush, the largest in Tasmania except J. vaginatus, from which it is at once distinguished by the glomerate flowers, and long, terete, pungent leaves at the base of the culm.—Rhizome very stout, creeping. Sheath of leaves red-brown. Culms 2-3 feet high, more slender in drier places than in moist. Inflorescence rather crowded, lateral, dark brown. Flowers small. Capsules blunt, about as long as the perianth, dark brown, as are the ripe seeds. Stamens 6. 9. Juncus australis (Hook. fil.) ; culmo nudo tereti gracili basi vaginato, vaginis obtusis acuminatisve, panicula pallida laterali globosa densiflora v, ramis elongatis paucis glomerulas dense congestas gerentibus, perianthiis acuminatis capsulam sub-1-locularem obovatam pallidam subzquantibus, staminibus 3, semini- bus oblongis, testa pallida levi utrinque producta. (Gunn, 566, 567, 568.) (Tas. CXXXIV. 4.) Has. Common in various parts of the Island. —(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DrsrarB. Victoria and Swan River, New Zealand. A slender species as compared with J. maritimus and vaginatus, the culms being about as thick as those of J. communis, from which it differs in the dense inflorescence, very acuminate perianth, and three stamens. The whole plant, culms, flowers, capsule, and seeds, are of a pale colour, but not so white as J. pallidus.— Flowers sometimes collected into a solitary, dense, globose capitulum ; in other cases the panicle branches a little, and bears dense masses of glomeruli. The Australian specimens have the sheaths at the bases of the culms long and atte- nuate, acuminate. I have only one very small Tasmanian specimen with rhizome and bases of culms, in which the sheaths are short and blunt, probably from not being fully developed; my numerous other Tasmanian specimens have unfortunately been collected without the rhizome and base of the culm. The plant above described differs from Brown's characters of J. pallidus, in the flowers being far too much crowded to be called alternate and sub- imbricate, and though the inflorescence is much looser in the Australian specimens, from the lengthening of the branches of the panicle, the flowers are even more densely glomerate than in J. maritimus.—PrLATE CXXXIV. A. Fig. 1, flower; 2; outer sepal; 3, inner ditto; 4, stamen; 5, ovary; 6, capsule in perianth; 7, ditto, removed; 8, valve of ditto, and seed; 9, seed; 10, vertical section of seed :—all magnified. 10. Juncus pallidus (Br. Prodr. 258, non Kunth, etc.) ; elatus, natis tecto, vaginis interdum folia brevia teretia gerentibus ? libus, ramulis congestis, culmo nudo basi foliis longe vagi- , panicula laterali albida ramosa, ramis insequa- floribus alternis subimbricatis majusculis, perianthiis acutis capsula pallida ovali Juncee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 67 1-loculari brevioribus, staminibus 6, seminibus linearibus, testa laxe utrinque producta.— An var. J. vagi- nati? (Gunn, 569?, 570.) Has. Launceston, etc., Lawrence, Gunn. DisrRrs. Southern coast of Australia. I take this to be Brown's J. pallidus, from its singularly pale colour, the crowded branchlets of the panicle, alternate flowers, and oval capsule longer than the perianth. It may be a small state of J. vaginatus, but is not the J. pallidus of Kunth and E. Meyer, which I refer to J. communis. The J. pallidus is of the size and habit of J. maritimus, but has almost white inflorescence; much shorter leaves at the bases of the culm, or none; and alter- nate, not glomerate flowers of a larger size; the capsule too is quite different, and the seeds are narrower, with the testa much more produced at either end. ll. Juncus communis (E. Meyer, Junc. 12) ; culmo tereti gracili nudo, vaginis aphyllis v. folia breviter teretia gerentibus, panicula pallida laterali effusa v. densa, ramis gracilibus, floribus distinctis, peri- anthiis acutis capsulam obovatam obtusam subeguantibus, staminibus 3, seminibus lineari-oblongis, testa levi utrinque laxa.—Kunth, En. Plant. iii. 390. J. effusus, Br. Prodr. 959; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 263. J. pallidus, Kunth, non Br. (Gunn, 511, 1390.) Has. Abundant in stiff moist soil throughout the Colony.— (Fl. all summer.) (v. v.) DisrRrB. Australia, New Zealand, and in most temperate parts of the world. The common Australian form of this widely-diffused plant is slender and tufted, 2 feet high, with an effuse panicle of few branches, bearing few distinct flowers; the sheaths usually bear slender, terete leaves, but often do not, and the panicle is of a pale colour. The form with a dense inflorescence (J. conglomeratus, Linn.) is not com- mon in Australia.—The J. communis is so variable that it is often difficult to distinguish it from its allies, but it differs from J. maritimus and J. australis by its slenderness and distinct flowers; from J. pallidus by its slender form and three stamens, and by its more obovate, shorter capsule; from J. vaginatus by its very much smaller size, the absence of great sheaths at the base of the culms, and by its three stamens; from J. Gunnii by its pale flowers and less acuminate perianth; from J. pauciflorus it is not distinguishable except by size, and its three stamens, and shorter, blunter capsule. 12. Juncus pauciflorus (Br. Prodr. 259); culmo aphyllo tereti filiformi nudo basi vaginato, pani- cula laterali pauciflora, ramis filiformibus, floribus distantibus, perianthiis acutis capsula ovali pallida 1-locu- lari brevioribus, staminibus 6, seminibus oblongis, testa utrinque breviter laxa.—Kunth, En. iii. 320. (Gunn, 566, 961.) Has. Abundant throughout the Colony.—(Fl. all summer.) (v. v.) Disrgis. New South Wales and south coast, Brown. I have seen no Australian specimens of this very elegant species, which may be recognized at once by its slender filiform culms, 14 foot high, densely tufted with very short, red-brown sheaths at the base, by the lateral panicle of few, very slender, few-flowered branches, by the small flowers, acute, brownish perianth, ovoid capsule, and six stamens. The culms are much more slender than any form of J. communis, and scarcely stouter than pack- thread. = 13. Juncus Gunnii (Hook. fil.) ; culmis nudis gracilibus subfiliformibus aphyllis basi vaginatis, panicula parva laterali ramosa brevi brunnea dense congesta v. ramis elongatis distinctis, floribus parvis aggregatis, perianthiis acuminatis capsula obovata brunnea longioribus, staminibus 6, seminibus?. (Gunn, 572, 973.) Has. Tasmania, probably common, as no habitat is given, Gunn.— (Fl. Nov.) Apparently a very distinet species, almost as slender as J. pauciflorus, which it a good deal resembles, but the * 68 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Juncee. panicle is very different, 3-1 inch long, dark brown, much branched, the branches somewhat fascicled, and the flowers clustered and smaller; the capsule is dark brown, and considerably shorter than the perianth. 14. Juncus vaginatus (Br. Prodr. 258); robustus, elatus, aphyllus, culmis teretibus nudis basi laxe vaginatis, vaginis obtusis, panicula alba laterali effusa erecta ramosa multiflora, ramulis subfastigiatis, floribus majusculis distinctis, perianthiis acutis capsulam pallidam obovato-ellipticam obtusam subeequanti- bus, staminibus 6, seminibus testa utrinque laxa.—Kunth, En. iti. 319; E. Meyer, in Plant. Preiss. ii. 46; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 262. (Gunn, 570?, 569.) Has. Common in many parts of the Colony, both in the north and south.—(Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) DisrRrB. Extratropical Australia and New Zealand. Much the largest of the Tasmanian species, and one of the most robust of the genus.— Culms erect, 3-5 feet high, sometimes as thick as the little finger, conspicuous for the loosely sheathing, blunt vaginze at the base. Pa- nicle very much divided, erect, white, 2-4 inches long. Flowers very numerous, distinct, white or very pale, large for the genus. Perianth as long as the ovoid, blunt capsule. The plant I have considered to be Brown's J. pal- lidus may be a small variety of this, with a longer capsule. Gen. III. LUZULA, DC. Flores Junci, sed ovario ovulis 3, et capsula 1-loculari 3-sperma.—Herbe; foliis planis, pilosis gla- bratisve; scapis gracilibus ; floribus glumaceis ; bracteis plerisque ciliatis. Luzula is distinguished from Juncus chiefly by the one-celled, three-seeded ovary and capsule; the species are numerous in Europe, and especially mountain and arctie regions, and several are also found in the southern tempe- rate hemisphere. The leaves are flat, grassy, and generally ciliated, in which respect the genus further differs from Juncus. (Name of doubtful derivation.) l. Luzula campestris (DC. Fl. Franc. iii. 161); foliis laxe ciliatis, culmis gracilibus, capitulis globosis ovatisve solitariis vel subumbellatis inzegualiter pedunculatis, bracteis scariosis, perianthiis acumi- natis, capsulis obtusis.— Br. Prodr. Addend.; Fl. N. Zeal. (Gunn, 598, 1440, 340, 341.) Variat miri- fice statura, indumento, inflorescentia florumque magnitudine et colore. Has. Abundant in pastures throughout the Island, ascending to 3000 feet.—(Fl. Aug.—Nov.) (v. v.) Distris. Throughout extratropical Australia, New Zealand, and temperate and arctic Europe, Asia, and America. The Luzula campestris, an extremely common and variable European species, is no less so in Australia, Tas- mania, and New Zealand. It is a small, herbaceous, perennial-rooted plant, 4 inches to a foot high, with numerous, grassy, flat, spreading radical leaves, ciliated abundantly with long hairs, sometimes woolly, and a long, slender, leafy scape, bearing one or many heads of flowers arranged in capitula or umbels, with long or short spreading branches.—Capitula varying in size from a pea to a marble, subtended by leafy bracts. Flowers small, sessile: brown, or whitish, or green, with brown margins to the leaflets, closely surrounded with scarious, ciliated bracts. Flowers of the same structure as Juncus, but the style is generally longer; the ovary is one-celled, with three erect ovules. Capsule three-valved, one-celled, three-seeded. 2. Luzula Oldfeldii (Hook. fil.) ; foliis late linearibus longe ciliatis, capitulis in capitulum densum ovatum sessile congestis, involucris brevibus, bracteis sublaceris, perianthiis acuminatis brunneis late albo- marginatis integerrimis. Has. Wet places on the summit of Mount Wellington, O/dfield.—(Fl. Jan.) Very different in size, robustness, and habit, from any of the varieties of L. campestris, and with the inflores- cence forming a dense, short, lobed, ovoid or globose, terminal, sessile head, subtended by short involucral leaves. Xyridea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 69 Leaves quite flat, 3 an inch broad. This is nearly allied to the Z. crinita of Lord Auckland's Islands, but in that the perianth-leaflets are narrower and dark brown, the bractew deeply laciniate and ciliated, and the leaves nar- rower. The L. Alopecurus, Desv., of Fuegia, is a third closely allied and extremely similar species, but that has a ciliated perianth. The Z. Oldfieldii is much nearer L. campestris than any of the above. Nat. Orb. XIII. XYRIDEA. Gen. I. XYBIS, L: Flores in capitulum solitarium terminale dense spicati; sguamis capituli persistentibus, coriaceis, dense imbricatis. Perianthium duplex; exterius glumaceum, foliolis 3, exteriore calyptreformi v. cucullato caduco; lateralibus navicularibus ; interius corollinum foliolis 3 longe unguiculatis, lamina lobata. Stamina 9, fertilia unguibus perianthii interioris inserta, cum staminodiis 3 hypogynis apice plumosis alternantia, antheris extrorsis. Ovarium 1-loculare, v. basi 3-loculare; ovu/is numerosis, ascendentibus, placentis 3 basilaribus v. subparietalibus affixis; s/7/o gracili, trifido ; stigmatibus plumosis indivisisve. Capsula 1-8- locularis, 3-valvis, polysperma. Semina erecta, subglobosa; testa coriacea; albumine carnoso; embryone minimo.—Herbe scapigere; foliis equitantibus, ensiformibus v. filiformibus, strictis tortisve ; scapo basi l-vaginato, superne nudo, stricto, tereti v. compresso v. angulato ; capitulo solitario, squamis fuscis ; perianthio interiore flavo. A large genus, almost the only one of the Order, abundant in tropical and extratropical Australia, and in tro- pical America; comparatively rarer in tropical Asia and Africa. About twenty Australian species are known to me, for the most part natives of the south-western quarter of the continent; few or none seem to be common to this and the eastern quarters, but the species are difficult of discrimination, and the majority have not been studied.— Tufted herbs, with no stems, or short ones, fibrous roots, equitant, generally rigid, flat or terete, strict or twisted leaves, and slender, strict, erect scapes, bearing solitary, terminal, brown capitula of densely imbricating, coriaceous scales. The flowers are sessile and solitary in these scales, one or two open at a time, the three yellow-lobed petals alone appearing on the surface of the capitulum.— Perianth of six pieces; outer glumaceous, of three rigid brown scales, the lateral persistent, erect, and navicular, the front one hooded and concave or calyptrate, is carried up by the inner, and falls away ; inner of three petaloid, clawed, yellow pieces, each bearing a short stamen, with extrorse anther on the claw; three filiform staminodia, with plumose apices, alternate with the inner perianth-segments. Ovary small, one-celled, or partly three-celled, with a slender, trifid style, and simple or plumose stigmas. Capsule thickened at the top, with numerous erect seeds, attached to three basal, more or less confluent placente. (Name from £vpos, sharp ; in allusion to the foliage of some species.) 1. Xyris operculata (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. p. 14*. t. x.) ; foliis teretiusculis filiformibus, culmo tereti, capitulo ovoideo v. obovoideo, squamis quinquefariis coriaceis obtusis imberbibus inferioribus minoribus vacuis, stigmatibus multifidis?, capsula apice triloba granulata semitriloculari, placentis basi unitis.— Br. Prodr. 257 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1158. (Gunn, 334.) Has. Common in wet heaths and peat soils.—(Fl. Dec.-Feb.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. Plant forming large, coarse tufts of rigid foliage, and slender, terete scapes, 1-3 feet long.— Leaves slender, with very shining brown sheathing bases. Scapes slightly twisted. Capitulum 3-3 inch long. Lateral scales of the outer perianth ciliate or bearded. Flowers sweet-scented.—I have not seen ripe fruit. 2, Xyris gracilis (Br. Prodr. 256) ; foliis ensiformibus tortis, culmo filiformi tereti tortili, capitulo parvo ovoideo paucifloro, squamis undique imbricatis obtusis centro discolore imberbibus inferioribus mino- VOL. H. T 70 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Restiacee. ribus vacuis, stigmatibus indivisis, capsula obovata apice simplici uniloculari, placentis basi distinctis.— (Gunn, 1389.) Has. Common on the road to Macquarrie harbour, in similar situations with X. operculata, Gunn.— (Fl. Nov.—Feb.) DIsTRIB. South-eastern Australia. A much smaller species than X. operculata, with short, rigid, flat leaves, scabrous at the margin, and often tortuous, more slender twisted scapes, and smaller capitula, the scales of which are fewer, paler in the centre, and not guinguefariously arranged. Outer scale of perianth very broadly obcordate ; inner lateral, with scabrous keels. Ovary obovate, not furnished with the granular four-lobed apex of X. operculata. Brown describes the capsule (which I have not seen) as unilocular, with three distinct placente. Nat. On». XIV. RESTIACER. This Order, including Centrolepidez as a tribe or suborder, is far more abundant in Australia than in any other country except South Africa. With the exception of the very widely distributed genus Brio- caulon (which is absent from Tasmania), almost all the genera of the Order are natives of these two countries, and the majority of them are Australian. Owing to the difficulty of discriminating the genera and species, and to the male and female individuals of the same species being often very dissimilar, the Australian mem- bers of the Order are in considerable confusion. Of these 1 have examined about 120 species, the majo- rity of them natives of the south-western quarter of the continent, and very few indeed being common to that and the south-eastern quarter. The Restiacee generally grow in dry and poor soils, forming coarse, Rush-like or Grass-like tufts, that are sometimes with difficulty distinguished from Cyperacez, except by the sheaths of the culms and leaves, which are in Restiacee split at the base (except in R. complanatus), and the anthers are usually one-celled. Gen. I. RESTIO, Z. Flores dioici, amenti squamis dispositi, ebracteati. Perianthii squame 4-6, glumacex. Masc. Stamina 4-6 ; antheris 1-locularibus, peltatis. Fa. Capsula 2-3-loba, 2—3-locularis, angulis salientibus dehiscens; stylo 2-3-partito ; Joculis 1-spermis.—Herbe rigide; rhizomate aphyllo, squamato; culmis Junceis, aphyllis, simplicibus v. ramosis, vaginatis ; vaginis lazis v. culmo appressis ` amentis solitariis spi- catis paniculatisve. One of the largest genera of the Order, confined to South Africa and Australia, from which last country I have seen about thirty species. All are dry, rigid, Rush-like, dicecious plants, with woody, ereeping, scaly rhizomes, sending up erect, simple or branched, bracteate culms, which bear terminal, small, brown, solitary or spiked or panicled amenta.—Scales of the amentum rigid, imbricate all round, each bearing one small, obscure, unisexual, ebracteate flower. Perianth of four to six coriaceous, brown glumes. with simple, peltate anthers. Female with a two- or three-celled and style. Capsule small, two- or three-lobed, bursting at the angles Male flower with two or three stamens, -lobed ovary, having a two- or three-parted ; cells one-seeded. (Name from restis, a cord.) $ 1. Oulms very rarely divided or branched. l. Restio monocephalus (Br. Prodr. 245) ; culmis simplicibus v. divisis truncatis, amentis solitariis paucisve late ovatis, (Gunn, 1392.) (Tas. CXXXV. A.) Has. Not uncommon in moist guartzy or sandy soil, in various parts of the Colony.—(Fl. Feb.) teretibus, vaginis laxis squamis coriaceis obtusis, perianthiis 6-glumis, stylis 2.— Restiacee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 71 DIsTRIB. Victoria. Brown describes this as having generally but one sheath on the culm, and a single amentum; such is the case with my smallest specimens only; the larger ones have numerous sheaths, and three to five alternate, peduncled amenta.— Culms 6-18 inches high, slender, bright-yellow when dry, glabrous or pubescent, rarely divided, terete, or grooved on one side above each node on the face opposite the vagina. Sheath 44 inch long, lax, spread open, coriaceous, truncate, often ciliate or villous. Amenta 4-4 inch long, broadly ovate. Scales imbricating all round, blunt, dark-brown, slightly ciliated, as are the perianth-scales. — Styles separate from the very base. — PLATE CXXXV. 4. Fig. 1, male flower; 2, female ditto, laid open; 3, ripe fruit; 4, transverse section of ditto; 5, fruit, dehisced ; 6, one valve of ditto :—all magnified. 2. Restio complanatus (Br. Prodr. 245); dense cespitosus, culmis simplicibus compressis, vaginis strictis membranaceis basi integris !, amentis laxe paniculatis erectis, masculis ovatis, femineis ovato-oblon- gis, squamis lanceolatis aristato-acuminatis ciliatis, perianthiis 4-glumis, stylo bifido v. bipartito. (Gunn, 962.) Has. Common in heathy places about Circular Head and Georgetown, Gunn, and probably in other paris of the Island.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) DisrRiB. New South Wales and Victoria. Culms from very short, tufted rhizomes, 6-24 inches high, quite flat, or much compressed and two-edged. Sheaths membranous, with a short, erect, blunt apex, quite entire at the base. menta panicled in the upper sheaths, on long, slender peduncles, few or numerous, 4 inch long, oblong ovate. Scales numerous, membranous, ovate, acuminate, aristate, ciliate, pale-brown and shining. Perianth of four membranous glumes. Ovary orbi- cular, flat, with a slender style bifid at the top or to the base. 3. Restio australis (Br. Prodr. 245); culmis simplicibus teretibus levibus, vaginis laxiusculis ob- tusis supremis bracteisque tumidis, amentis ovatis racemosis v. subspicatis bracteis persistentibus brevioribus, squamis acuminatis aristatis laxe ciliatis lanatisve, perianthiis masculis 6-glumis, feemineis 4-glumis, ovario compresso, stylo 2-partito.— Sieber, Agrostoth. 33. (Gunn, 422.) Has. Abundant on the mountains, in marshy places.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) (v. v.) Distriz. New South Wales and Victoria. Culins tufted, 1-2 feet high, perfectly smooth, terete, not shining. Sheaths erect, blunt, split to the base, 1 inch long, the upper tumid, passing into bracts enclosing the amenta. -4menta shortly peduncled, racemose, crowded at the top of the culms, broadly ovate, pale-brown and shining, subsguarrose from the spreading aristate points of the rather membranous scales. 4. Restio gracilis (Br. Prodr. 245); “culmis teretibus levibus, vaginis strictis obtusis, spica mul- tiflora subcomposita, spiculis femineis cylindraceo-oblongis acutis bracteas superantibus, squamis aristato- acuminatis, perianthiis 4-glumis, stylo bipartito.” —Br. 7. c. Has. Tasmania, Brown. ` DisrarB. New South Wales, Br. I have seen no specimens of this species from Tasmania, but it appears to be best distinguished from its con- geners of that country by its numerous spiked amenta, which are not overtopped by the bracts, as in R. australis. y 2. Culms much branched. 5. Restio tetraphyllus (Lab. Nov. Holl. ii. 77. t. 226 and 227) ; culmis robustis elatis teretibus striatis superne fastigiatim ramosis, ramis subcompressis, ramulis sterilibus alternatim fasciculatis dichotomis subsetaceis, vaginis strictis obtusis, panicula terminali elongata composita, spiculis pedunculatis late ovatis, 72 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Restiacee. squamis aristato-acuminatis, perianthiis masculis 6-glumis, foemincis 4-glumis, stylo 2-3-fido v. partito.— Br. Prodr. 247 ; Sieb. Agrost. 34. (Gunn, 331.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island, forming large tufts.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. At once recognized by its great size, 3-4 feet high, stout culms as thick at the base as a goose-quill, copious ramification, fasciculate, setaceous or filiform sterile branches, and long, compound panicles of broadly ovate, shining, peduncled amenta. Gen. II. LEPYRODIA, Br. Flores fasciculati, dioici v. hermaphroditi, 1-4-bracteati, exserti. Perianthium 6-glume, subzequale. Masc. Stamina 3; antheris peltatis, simplicibus. Pistillum 0 v. rudimentum. Fam. Ovarium trique- trum, 3-loculare. Styli 3, sessiles; capsula trilocularis, triloba, angulis salientibus dehiscens. Semina solitaria.—Herbz perennes; rhizomate repente; culmis simplicibus v. ramosis, vaginatis ; fasciculis florum simplicibus v. compositis. An extratropical Australian genus of about twelve species, distinguished from Restio chiefly by the bracteate flowers being fascicled and exserted, not sessile in the scales of the spikelet, and hidden by them. (Name per- haps from Aerpwdys, leprous ; in allusion to the surface of the eulms.) l. Lepyrodia Tasmanica (Hook. fil.) ; culmis gracilibus ramosis teretiusculis subtiliter granulatis, vaginis strictis lamina brevi subulata, fasciculis spiceformibus alternis bracteatis, bracteolis perianthii sub- membranaceis ovatis acuminatis flore brevioribus, perianthii glumis lanceolatis aristato-acuminatis exterio- ribus brevioribus. (Gunn, 960, 1393.) (Tas. CXXXV. B.) Has. Wet places in the northern parts of the Island: Detention River, near Circular Head, and Lake St. Clair, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) A very slender, branched, Rush-like plant, growing 1-5 feet high, the smaller states erect, the larger weak, and supporting themselves amongst bushes and herbage.—Culms, when dry, yellow-grey, and minutely granular on the surface, terete, the branches somewhat compressed. Sheaths appressed, 4-2 inch long, with subulate points. Flowers in alternate, spike-like, erect fascicles towards the ends of the branches, each fascicle shortly pedicelled, arising from the axil of a membranous braet, #3 inch long. Perianths pale-brown, shining, each with two to four short, sheathing, ovate-acuminate, membranous bracts at its base; outer glumes shorter than the inner, all lanceo- late-acuminate and subaristate.—PrATE CXXXV. B. Fig. 1, male flower; 2, stamen; 3, female flower and bracts ; 4, pistil and imperfect stamens ; 5, ovary; 6, transverse section of ditto; 7, stigmatic surface :—all magnified. Gen. III. LEPTOCARPUS, Br. Flores dioici, fasciculati v. amentacei. Perianthium 4-6-glume. Masc. Stamina 3; antheris sim- plieibus, peltatis. Fam. Orarium l-ovulatum, stylo 2-3-partito. Utriculus v. nur crustacea, basi styli coronata. Semen 1.—Herbe; rhizomate repente; culmis teretiusculis, simplicibus v. ramosis, vaginatis ; fasciculis v. spieis femineis sepius subspieatis ; amentis masculis sepius paniculatim ramosis. The great dissimilarity between the male and female plants of some species of this genus renders it very diffi- cult to arrive at any accurate determination of these from herbarium specimens, and I am not perfectly certain that the plants described under L. tenaz are sexes of the s ; the male amenta form effuse, terminal panicles, and are ovate, or oblong » erect, and shortly peduncled. Flowers in both sexes hidden by sessile. Males of four erect glumes, rather distant at the base ; ments short. Females of six glumes, the two or three outer larger ; the closely imbricated scales of the amentum, stamens three, included; anthers simple; fila Restiacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 73 one rather slender one-ovuled ovary, and exserted bifid to quadrifid style. Fruit a crustaceous, one-celled and one- seeded, indehiscent nut. (Name from erros, slender, and xapros, fruit.) l. Leptocarpus Brownii (Hook. fil.); culmis simplicibus gracilibus teretibus, vaginis appressis strictis, panicule ramis cano-tomentosis, amentis masculis paniculatis effusis ovato-cylindraceis, perianthiis 4--5-glumis, foemineis in fasciculis alternis sessilibus congestis 6-glumis.—L. simplex, Br. Prodr. 250 (sed non Restio simplex, Forst. Prodr.) ; Nees in Plant. Preiss. ii. 63. Schaenodum simplex, Kunth, En, Plant. ìn. 446, in part. (Gunn, 338, masc.; 118, 964 in Herb. Lindl, et 1444, fem.) (Tas. CXXXVL,) Has. Abundant in wet, marshy, and sandy places throughout the Island. —(Fl. Oet.-Dee.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. The female plant of this species so entirely resembles the L. simplex, Forst., of New Zealand, that it has been referred to that species by Brown, and, following him, by myself in the ‘ Flora Nove-Zelandiee,” At the period of publication of the latter work, I had not discovered that the plant I now consider to be the female of the Tasmanian L. Brownii (and which is very different from the female New Zealand L. simplex) was so, both because of its great dissimilarity, and because of its bearing a different number in Gunn's collection. 1 have however been confirmed in this conclusion by Dr. Mueller sending the same plants as sexes of one from Victoria, under Brown's name of L. simplex.—Culms 1-2 feet high, slender. Male panicle effuse, of six to twenty amenta, on pubescent, flexuous pedicels, each cylindrical, ovate, or lanceolate, about 4-3 inch long, of numerous, shining, deep-brown, ovate, mu- cronate or acuminate, glabrous scales. Female amenta very short, densely fascicled, tbeir scales similar to those of the males. Perianth of the male flower of four or five unequal, irregular, linear glumes; of the female of six broadly ovate-oblong, acuminate glumes, the inner very much shorter.—PLate CXXXVI. Fig. 1, male flower; 2, female ditto; 3, the same, laid open :—all magnified. 2. Leptocarpus tenax (Br. Prodr. 250) ; culmis simplicibus teretibus, vaginis appressis, panicule ramis albo-tomentosis, (maseulis ? culmis gracilibus cinereis, amentis parvis ovoideis laxe paniculatis, squa- mis obtusis, perianthiis 4-glumis,) femineis culmis robustis, amentis majusculis in spicam divisam erectam congestis, squamis rigide cartilagineis apicibus recurvis subaristatis, perianthiis 6-glumibus.— Syn. plante mascule : Restio cinerascens, Br. Prodr. fid. Siebr. Agrostoth. 41, et Nees in Herb. Lindl. R. laxus, Br. Prodr. fid. Nees in Herb. Lindl. (Gunn, 981.) —Syn. plante feminee : Schenodum tenax foemina, Lab. Nov. Holl. ìi. p. 80. t. 229. (Gunn, 168.) Has. Waste places throughout the Island, abundant.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. i But for Dr. Mueller's having doubtfully suggested the males and females of this plant as belonging to one species, I should not have suspected such to be the case, though analogy with Z. Brownii, and the fact of both forms being common in Tasmania, and each being unisexual, render his suggestion almost a certainty. The male plant very strongly resembles Restio mierostachys, Br., from South-west Australia, if it be not that plant.—A larger, stouter plant than Z. simplex. Sheaths with deciduous, membranous apices. Male with slender culms, 2-5 feet high, and a very copious-flowered panicle of very small, ovoid amenta, each about 2-2 inch long, their scales broad, acute or blunt, and mucronate. Perianth of four linear-oblong glumes. Female culms less slender. Amenta con- gested in alternate, almost sessile fascicles, their scales very hard, cartilaginous, broadly ovate, with short, rigid, patent, subulate apices, very much larger than the male scales, their margins membranous. Perianth with long, narrow glumes, the outer larger. I have examined an unnamed specimen of the male plant of this, gathered in Recherche Bay by Labillardiere, who nevertheless took the male of the South-west Australian Zyginia imberbis, Br., for that of his Tasmanian S. tenax, as pointed out by Brown. VOL. II. 74 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Restiacee. Gen. IV. HYPOLANA, Br. Flores dioici, 3 ebracteolati, squamis ament sessiles; 9 solitarii. Masc. Amenta multiflora, laxe paniculata. Perianthium 6-glume. Stamina 3; antheris peltatis, simplicibus. Fam. Amenta terminalia, uniflora. Perianthium 6-glume, brevissimum. Ovarium 1-ovulatum ; stylo deciduo, 2—3-fido. Nur ossea, stipitata, apice late crasse umbonata, basi perianthio brevi cincta.—Herbe ; rhizomate repente; culmis teretiusculis, ramosis, vaginatis; inflorescentia mascula Leptocarpi. (Character e H. fastigiata.) I do not know the limits of this genus; there are several species described from Swan River, and others exist amongst the South-western Australian plants of the Hookerian Herbarium, provisionally referred by me to Lepto- carpus and Restio, and requiring close examination. 1 have drawn up the generic character from the Tasmanian H. fastigiata alone, for the H. exsulea of Brown I take to be the female of Labillardiore's Calorophus elongatus, the male of which Brown has referred to Restio. The male plant of H. fastigiata very closely resembles that of Lepto- carpus Brownii in appearance and structure, but its eulms are ashy, more pubescent, and excessively branched. The female plant resembles the male in general appearance, but instead of bearing terminal effuse panicles of nodding or drooping eylindrical amenta, it has solitary or very few terminal, erect, single-flowered amenta.— Female flower sunk in the large upper scales of the amentum; perianth of six very small glumes, that embrace the base of the stalked nut, and adhere to it after it has fallen away. Nut one-celled, one-seeded, with a large, polished, pale, hemispherical or conical, umbonate top. (Derivation of name unknown to me.) 1. Hypolsena fastigiata (Br. Prodr. 251); culmis fastigiatim ramosis teretibus striatis cineras- centibus, vaginis strictis brunneis apice membranaceis, perianthii fructiferi glumis ovalibus.— Kw», En. ii. 451. (Gunn, 599, 963, 964, 965.) (Tas. OX XXVII.) Has. Abundant in sandy places which are wet in winter.—(Fl. Nov.) (v.v.) Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. Restio cinerascens, Br., of South-western Australia, most strongly resembles the male of H. fastigiata, if it be not the same plant.—PrATE CXXXVII. Fig. 1, male amentum ; 2, scale of ditto, and flower; 3, flower, removed ; 4, stamen ; 5, female amentum; 2, flower; 5, unripe nut, cut vertically :—all magnified. Gen. V. CALOROPHUS, Zas. Amenta parva, vaginis culmi semi-immersa, pauciflora. Flores monoici v. dioici. Maso. Perianthium 6-glume. Stamina 3; antheris simplicibus, peltatis. Fam. Perianthium 6-glume, breve. Ovarium 1- ovulatum ; siylis 2-3. Nus ossea v. crustacea, elliptica, apice non incrassata, perianthio cincta.—Herbee Ê rhizomate repente; culmis gracillimis, flexuosis, subfastigiatim v. alternatim ramosis, semiteretibus ; ore barbatis glabrisve, appressis, coriaceis, mucrone patente terminatis; amentis parvis, ceis cartilagineisve. vaginis squamis rigide coria- Several species of this genus abound in extratropical Australia, but all want examination. from Hypolena in habit, in the mucronate apex to the sheaths of the culm, in the three stout, the absence of a tumid top of the nut.— Culms rigid, wiry, the branches very slender, terete, or grooved on one side. Sheaths very rigid, coriaceous, cartilaginous, closely in- vesting the culms, with patent, rigid, subulate points. Amenta small, unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite, more or less sunk in the sheaths of the culm ; scales convolute. Male of few flowers. Perianth included or exserted, of six lanceolate glumes, and three stamens with exserted anthers. Female amenta with one or few almost terminal flowers, of which the upper alone is perfect. Perianth of six small glumes, which adhere to the ripe nut. (Name from kaXopodos, a Restio, according to Labillardiére.) The genus differs pale styles, and in green, often flexuose, sparingly or profusely branched, Restiacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 75 1. Calorophus elongatus (Lab. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 7. t. 228); culmis basi subfastigiatim ramosis, ramulis gracilibus elongatis flexuosis, vaginis ore barbatis, amentis masculis 4—6-floris bractea obtusa bar- bata suffultis, glumis 6 linearibus, amentis foemineis 1—3-floris, floribus remotis inferiore 2-glumi ceteris 6-glumibus.—JVees, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 68; Nob. in FI. N. Zeal. i. 207. — Restio lateriflorus, Br. Prodr. 247 ; Kunth, En. i. 419; Sieb. Agrostoth. 29 et 39. Leptocarpus squarrosus, Nees, im Sieb. Agrostoth. 38. (Gunn, 599.) Var. 8. minor; humilis, fastigiatim ramosus, ramis brevibus gracilibus, amentis masculis 1-2-floris, foemineis solitariis.—C. minor, Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. 1. 267. Has. Abundant throughout the Island, in sterile, swampy places. Var. 8. Alpine marshes, alt. 3—4000 feet.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DrsrnrB. South-eastern and South-western Australia; New Zealand (both varieties). Culms pale-green, rigid, wiry, 2-3 feet long, flexuous. Branches slightly compressed. Sheaths with a more or less woolly mouth, and patent or recurved apex. The var. B is a much smaller and different-looking plant, which I described as a doubtfully new species in the New Zealand Flora; but Gunn considers it the same as C. elongatus, and except in its smaller size and fewer flowers, I can find no difference between the Tasmanian lowland and alpine states. The New Zealand var. minor has very much more woolly sheaths, with ereet apices. Calorophus flexuosus, Nees, and O. erispatus, Nees, are both very nearly allied to this variety, and in some respects intermediate between it and C. elongatus. Gen. VI. APHELIA, Br. Spica solitaria, terminalis, disticha. Sguame@ 1-3-flore, omnes uniflores, hermaphrodite, v. inferiores 1 v. 2 masculze, 1-3-flore ; floribus uniglumibus, monandris ; cæteræ feminez, uniflore eglumes v. 1-glumes, gluma postica monogyna. Ufricu/us monospermus ; stylo filiformi.—Herbe pusille Cyperi parvuli facie ; radicibus fibrosis ; foliis omnibus radicalibus, filiformibus; scapo nudo, indiviso ; spicula compressa, ovata v. oblonga. A very curious little genus, of which the Tasmanian and Victoria species differ from the original South-west Australian A. cyperoides, described by Brown, in the glumes being unisexual, and in the lower scales of the spike having several male flowers, and the rest bearing a solitary female one. I have examined four species of this section; all are South-west Australian, and two of these are here described.—Minute, tufted, annual, herbaceous plants, about an inch high, with capillary leaves and scapes, the latter bearing a solitary, flat; distichous, erect or inclined, ovate spikelet. Lower scales longer than the others, forming a kind of involucre, more coriaceous, with a subulate, herbaceous limb and apex, and membranous margins. Glumes solitary, of male flowers, minute, lanceo- late, membranous, hyaline. Stamens with filiform, flattened filaments, and one-celled, linear anthers. Upper scales 8-10, broadly ovate, cucullate, obtuse, green, with broad, membranous margins. Utrieulus membranous, linear- oblong, bursting externally down the middle. (Name from agens, simple.) l. Aphelia Gunnii (Hook. fil.) ; spica inclinata, squama inferiore mascula solitaria aristata invo- lucriformi, ceteris femineis ovatis obtusis ecarinatis medio setosis. (Gunn, 1499.) (Tas. CXXXVIII. C.) Ham. Wet places: Formosa, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Disrris. Victoria, Mueller. An exceedingly slender leaved and culmed annual weed, scarcely an inch high, with a small, inclined spike.— Pirate CXXXVIII. C. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, lower scale and male flower; 3, upper scale; 4, female; 5, utriculus, burst open; 6, seed; 7, diagram of spikelet :—all magnified. 76 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Restiacee. 2. Aphelia Pumilio (Mueller, in Herb. Hook.); spica suberecta, squamis 2 inferioribus aristatis caeteris brevius aristatis margine fimbriatis dense ciliatis. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. DIsTRIB. Victoria. A much shorter species than C. Gunnii, scarcely an inch high, with a larger, broader, erect spik, and fimbri- ated margins to the scales. Gen. VII. CENTROLEPIS, Za?. Capitulum solitarium, terminale, bracteis spathisve 2 inclusum. ores pauci v. numerosi, hermaphro- diti, biglumes, receptaculo communi nudo v. paleaceo (paleis sguamas spicule referentibus?) conferti. Stamen 1; anthera simplici. Ovaria plurima (3-12), axi communi seriatim imbricata, monosperma; styli totidem, simplices, distincti v. basi connati. Uirieuli extus longitudinaliter dehiscentes.— Herb:e cespitose, pusille ; radicibus fibrosis; foliis omnibus radicalibus, setaceis ; scapis filiformibus, nudis, indivisis ; spathis alternis, approximatis, aristatis muticisve. Small, annual, tufted herbs, with setaceous radical leaves, naked scapes, and terminal capitula of minute flowers, enclosed in two bracts or a two-valved spathe. About twelve species are known, chiefly natives of South- western Australia.—J//owers hermaphrodite, of two membranous glumes, enclosing a single stamen and a compound pistil, all hidden by the two-valved spathes. „Pistil formed of many connate, membranous utricles, often imbri- cating, and forming a moniliform mass, their single capillary styles free, or united at their bases. — Ufricules each bursting outwardly.—In some species scales or paleze are found intermixed with the flowers: these suggest the idea of the capitulum being a reduced, contracted spike, of which the paleme are the scales. (Name from Kevrpov, a spur, and Aeris, a scale; in allusion to a mistaken view of the inflorescence; but, as the name seems sufficiently significant, if regarded as applied to a genus most of whose species have awned spathes, I have followed Kunth, Endlicher, and others, in retaining this name.) l. Centrolepis aristata (Rum. et Schult. Syst. i. 44) ; scapo ancipiti, spathis glaberrimis longe foliaceo-aristatis, receptaculo epaleaceo, floribus 10-16, glumis 2 lanceolatis, interiore majore abrupte eroso, exteriore apice lacero, ovariis 4-7, stylis basi connatis.—Kunth, En. Plant. 490. Desvauxia aris- tata, Br. Prodr. 253; Nees, in Plant. Preiss. i. 71. (Gunn, 1438.) (Tas. CXXXVIIL D.) Has. Abundant in wet sandy soil near Georgetown and Launceston, Gunn.—(Fl. Oct.) Disrris. Swan River and Victoria. Plants rather rigid, 2-3 inches high, perfectly glabrous everywhere. Scape flattened and two-edged. Spathes with long, ensiform, herbaceous, flattened awns, the inner longest, obscurely jointed on the broad, coriaceous lamina. Outer glume (which Nees suggests may be a palea, and I regard as a scale of the reduced spike) lanceolate, acumi. nate, torn or toothed at the apex; inner twice as long, opposite the outer, abrupt and erose. Stamen opposite the inner glume. Ovaries four to seven.—PrATE CXXXVIII. D. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower, removed from ditto ; 5, stamen; 6, utriculus; 7, seed :—all magnified. 2. Centrolepis tenuior (Rem. et Schult. Syst. i. 43) ; Íoliis capillaribus brevibus hispidis, scapis strictis filiformibus pubescentibus, spathis late cymbeeformibus acuminatis hispidis, receptaculo epaleaceo, glumis 2 fimbriato-laceris ciliatis, ovariis 4-10, stylis basi connatis.—Kunth, En. iii. 489. Desvauxia tenuior, Br. Prodr. 252. (Gunn, 958.) Has. Abundant in wet sandy soil near Georgetown, and at Epping Forest, Gunn, Archer.— (Fl. Nov., Dec.) Disrris. Victoria, Mueller. Restiacee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 77 This in many respects agrees with Brown's description of D. Patersoni, Br., but both spathes are equally hispid. The spathes are in this species separated, the upper being distinctly pedicelled.— Leaves pilose, with rigid, spreading hairs, very much shorter than the numerous, strict, pilose scapes. Capitulum 4 inch broad. Spathes very broad, concave, hispid, with membranous margins, and very short, mucronate or subaristate apices. 3. Centrolepis fascicularis (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. p. 7. t. 1); dense cespitosa, foliis basi pilosis scapis glabris brevioribus, spathis hispidis retusis aristatis, receptaculo epaleaceo, floribus 8-10 2-glumibus, glumis bifidis, ovariis 3-5, stylis basi connatis.— Desvauz, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1828, xlii. t. 2. SJ. 4; Endl. leon. t. 49; Kunth, En. ii. 489. Desvauxia Billardieri, Br. Prodr. 252. (Gunn, 957.) Has. Abundant in wet, heathy plains, forming large matted patches.—(Fl. Dec., Jan.) DisrRIB. New South Wales and Victoria. A very densely-tufted species, 1-2 inches high, with membranous, pilose sheathes to the leaves, glabrous, rather rigid scapes, and hispid spathes, which are broadly retuse at the apex, and furnished with an erect, rigid, stout arista, as long as the lamina. Flowers numerous ; glumes two, bifid, ciliated. 4. Centrolepis pulvinata (Rem. et Schult. Syst. i. 43) ; foliis scapos subeguantibus, spathis mu- ticis valvula inferiore hispidiuscula, superiore glabra, receptaculo paleaceo, stylis 6-7 distinetis.—Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1828, xlii. £. 2. f. 3; Kunth, En. Pl. iii. 489. Desvauxia pulvinata, Br. Prodr. 252 ; Guill. Ic. ith. t 17. Ha». Tasmania, Brown. Distris. South-west Australia. I have seen no Tasmanian specimens of this species, which is smaller than either C. fascicularis or tenuior, has awnless spathes, the lower of which only is hispid, has leaves as long as the scapes, and six to seven distinct styles. Gen. VIII. ALEPYRUM, Br. Capitulum solitarium, terminale, 1- v. pauci-florum, bracteis spathisve 2 inclusum. Flores hermaphroditi, uniglumes v. eglumes, monandri, mono-polygami. Utrieuli extus longitudinaliter dehiscentes. — Herbe pusilla, cespitose ; radicibus fibrosis ; foliis setaceis ; scapis filiformibus, nudis, indivisis ; spathis alternis, approximatis, aristatis muticisve. Alepyrum is a reduced form of Centrolepis, in which the flowers are few, and the glumes absent, or reduced to one. With the exception of a New Zealand alpine species, the genus is confined to extratropical Australia and Tasmania. The 4. monogynum is intermediate between Alepyrum and Centrolepis. (Name from a, privative, and Aervpov, a covering ; from the imperfect flowers.) 1. Alepyrum monogynum (Hook. fil); dense ceespitosum, muscoideum, foliis subulatis culmos subzquantibus, spathis lanceolatis, floribus 2, gluma lineari-lanceolata, ovario solitario. (Gunn, 1434.) (Tas. CXXXVIII. 2.) | Has. Moist subalpine situations: margin of Lake St. Clair, and near Marlborough, Gunn. — (Fl. Jan.) Plants forming small, pale-green, dense tufts, 4 inch high, with numerous, matted, white, fibrous roots, some- what resembling Scleranthus.—Leaves as long as the scapes. Flowers two, enclosed in lanceolate spathes. Glume one. Ovary solitary.—PraATE CXXXVIII. B. Fig. 1, leaf; 2, spathes and flowers; 3, spathe; 4, flower and glume; 5, utricle, burst open; 6, seed; 7, diagram of spathe, glume, stamen, and pistil :—all very highly magni- fied. 2. Alepyrum muscoides (Hook. fil.) ; caulibus dense ceespitosis muscoideis, foliis scapos superan- tibus, spathis lanceolatis aristatis inferiore longiore, floribus 4, gluma 0, ovariis sub-6-8. VOL. II. x 78 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. Has. Marshy ground, in subalpine situations: Marlborough, Gunn.— (Fl. Jan.) Very similar to 4. monogynum, but with more aristate spathes, four flowers, and six to eight ovaries, imbri- cating in two series. 9. Alepyrum Muelleri (Hook. fil.) ; foliis capillaribus, spatha inferiore aristata superiore mutica, floribus 4, gluma 0, ovariis sub-10.—Desvauxia glabra, Mueller, in Herb. Hook. (Gunn, 2015.) Has. Bottom of a lagoon, Macquarrie River, Gunn.— (Fl. Nov.) Distri. Mount Emu Creek, Victoria, Mueller ; South-west Australia, Drummond. Laxly tufted, scarcely an inch high. Stem excessively short, with short, white, tufted roots. Leaves rather flaccid, between subulate and capillary, rather shorter or longer than the scapes. Spathes about 4 inch long, the lower with a straight awn. Ovaries imbricated in two series; the styles more or less combined in Victoria speci- mens, more free in Tasmanian. 4. Alepyrum polygynum (Br. Prodr. 253); foliis setaceis culmis rigidis brevioribus, spathis co- riaceis inferiore longe rigide foliaceo-aristata, floribus 1-2, gluma 0, ovariis 10-20.—Kunth, En. iii. 488 ; Nees, in Plant. Preiss. ii. 71. (Gunn, 1436.) Has. Near Georgetown, Gunn.—(Fl. Oct.) Disrris. Swan River and Victoria. Remarkable for its profusion of rigid culms, 1-3 inches high, with very short, subulate leaves at the base, brown, lanceolate spathes, the outer with a long, nearly straight or curved, green, foliaceous arista, $ inch long. Flowers one or two, with ten ovaries, Genus Restiaceis affine ?—TRITHURLIA, Hook. fil. Capitulum. solitarium, terminale, multiflorum, foliolis 4 involucratum. Flores unisexuales, capitulo sine ordine aggregati, omnino achlamydei. Masc. Stamen solitarium ; filamento elongato ; anthera lineari- oblonga, 2-loculari, basi affixa; po//ine globoso. Fam. Ovarium pedicellatum, obovatum, membranaceum, triquetrum, 1-loculare ` ovu/o solitario, pendulo, anatropo; siylis 2-3 filiformibus. Capsula membranacea, obovata, triquetra, 3-valvis ; valvis a septis intervalvaribus secernentibus. Semen lineari-oblongum, cylin- draceum ; testa membranacea ; raphe cellulosa ; albumine dense carnoso ; embryone minimo, conico, extre- mitati radiculari albuminis applicato.—Herba perpusilla, annua, aquatica; radicibus fibrosis; foliis subu- latis, subcellulosis ; scapis plurimis, Joliis longioribus v. brevioribus ; capitulo ¿-2 une. Jato; involucri foliolis ovato-oblongis, obtusis, 2 exterioribus paulo majoribus ; floribus minimis, receptaculo parvo confertis, JFemineis maturis a pedicello persistente solutis. A singular little plant, of very obscure affinity, discovered by Gunn in Tasmania, and also by eastern Australia, who has proposed for it the manuscript name of Juncella Tasman lepidee, from which however it differs remarkably in the dehiscence of the capsule, inserted by its base on the filament. 1 have ventured to supersede the name proposed (without description) by Mueller, both because the plant has no affinity with or resemblance to Juncus, and because it is not confined to Tasmania. In habit and the involucre it resembles Eriocaulon, but it differs fr om that genus in the capsule, naked flowers, and anther.—A minute water-plant, 1-2 inches high, growing at the bottom of fresh-water pools, and conspicuous (according to Gunn) when in fruit, from the bright-red colour of the minute capitula.—Roots fibrous. Stem. almost none, the subulate, membranous, spreading leaves appearing to rise from the roots. Scapes numerous, bearing a very small capitulum of minute flowers, enclosed in an involucre of four ovate-oblong, blunt, membra- nous leaves. Male flowers: solitary stamina with long filaments and two-celled anthers, scattered indiscriminately amongst the female flowers, which consist of minute, trigonous, obovate, stipitate ovaries, with two or three filiform Mueller in South- ica, and placed it in Centro- and two-celled anther, which is Cyperacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 79 styles, one cell, and one pendulous, anatropous ovule. Capsule jointed on to the pedicel, trigonous, of three mem- branous valves, which are separated by narrow repla; in dehiscence the valves fall away completely, and the repla separate, whence the capsule appears to be formed of six pieces, of which three are broadly elliptical, and alternate with as many very narrow ones. Seed cylindric-oblong. (Name from rpeıs, three, and Ovpus, a hole or window ; in allusion to the dehiscence of the capsule.) 1. Trithuria submersa (Hook. fil.).—Juncella Tasmanica, Mueller, in Herb. Hook., and in Cata- logue of Victoria Plants, sine descript.). (Gunn, 2014.) (Tas. CXXXVIII. A.) Has. Bottom of a lagoon near Macquarrie Harbour, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Disrris. Victoria: Hopkins River and Mount Emu Creek, Mueller. Prate CXXXVIIL 4. Fig. 1, capitulum ; 2, the same, with the involucre spread open; 3, stamen; 4, pollen ; 5, female flower; 6, stigma; 7, ripe fruit; 8, ditto, with the valves separate; 9, seed; 10, ditto, cut longitudinally, showing the embryo :—all magnified. Nat. Ord. XV. CYPERACEA. One of the most difficult Tasmanian Natural Orders to investigate, and I am not at all confident of having rightly determined several of the genera and species, though I have devoted much labour and thought to them, and examined most of the Australian Cyperacee at the same time. The genera are to a great extent natural, but their limits are extremely vague, and the technical characters necessary to limit them are seldom constant; thus, Chetospora differs from Schenus only in the presence of hypogynous bristles, which are often excessively minute, or even evanescent, and some plants almost identical in all other points are hence generically separated by this artificial character. These two genera again differ from Isolepis and Scirpus chiefly in their scales being distichous; but species of both have imbricating scales. The shape of the nut, and its articulation with the base of the style, also afford good characters, but often very difficult of appreciation ; and the relative number of scales and flowers in a spikelet is also apt to vary, as does the number of stamens and styles, or arms of the style, in the same or most nearly allied plants. It is hence almost impossible to determine a few isolated species of the Order, except by artificial means, and it is better that the student of Tasmanian Cyperacee should not attempt to make out the species until the structure of at least half the genera of the Order is understood, when the value of their characters (which are not expressed in absolute terms, but in relative) will become apparent. I find about 350 Australian Cyperacee in the Hookerian Herbarium, and there are a considerable number of tropical species mentioned in Brown's *Prodromus,' which I am unable to identify with any of these, so that I assume that there may be fully 400 known Australian ones. Of these a large proportion (fully one-third) are almost exclusively tropical, and a considerable number of them identical with Indian and Malay Island plants, often of wide tropical distribution. Of the extratropical species the majority are natives of the south-western quarter, and comparatively few are common to this and the south- eastern quarter. The Tasmanian species are almost without exception also natives of Victoria and New - South Wales; a few of them are common to New Zealand, and some to all temperate and many tropical latitudes. E Gen. I. CYPERUS, Z. Spieule distichz, multiflore ; squamis numerosis, carinatis, omnibus conformibus floriferis, v. paucis infimis minoribus vacuis. Sete hypogyne 0. Stylus inarticulatus, deciduus.— Culmi simplices, enodes, basi foliati v. vaginati; inflorescentia terminali, involucrata; spiculis sepissime versus apices radiorum umbelle congestis spicatisve. 80 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | [ Cyperacee.  very large and natural tropical genus, of which about fifty Australian species are known, but few enter the cool temperate regions of either hemisphere. The Tasmanian species of the genus are = marshy, sedgy plants, with creeping rhizomes, trigonous, unjointed, erect, stout culms, leafy at the base, and bearing at the et? an unequal, many-rayed umbel, surrounded by a long, leafy involucre ; each ray of the umbel bears EN lts apex nume- rous divaricating, linear, red-brown, shining spikelets, of numerous distichous scales, all of which but the west are floriferous.— Flowers of three stamens in each scale, and one pistil, without hypogynous scales. Style deci- duous, but not jointed on to the achenium. (Name of doubtful derivation.) 1. Cyperus sanguineo-fuscus (Nees, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 46) ; elatus, robustus, um- bellis sub-S-radiatis simplicibus v. radiis longioribus apice compositis, spicis breviter cylindraceis, spiculis (3-1 -pollicaribus) linearibus patento-reflexis 6—10-floris, squamis laxis lineari-oblongis obtusis carinalis sulcatis, nuce lineari-obovata acute trigona, involucris 6-8-phyllis 1-2-pedalibus serratis, culmo striato levi. (Gunn, 557, 956.) (Tas. CXXXIX.) . Has. Common on river-banks and in marshy places throughout the Island.— (Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Much the largest Tasmanian species, and a very handsome plant, growing 3-5 feet high. It varies a good deal in size and in the length of the spikelets, and immature flowers at first sight look very different from mature ones.—Culms trigonous; angles blunt, smooth. Zmvolucre of six to eight long, flat leaves, 1-12 foot long, and 2 inch broad at the base, their margins and keel scabrid from beyond the middle or from the base. Rays of umbels six to eight, most of them 4-6 inches long, some very short, bearing at their apices one to three oblong spikes about 1 inch long; when more than one, the lateral spikes spread horizontally from the base of the central one. Spikelets crowded, 3-1 inch long, linear, patent or divaricating, subulate in a young state; rachilla with two broad membranous wings opposite each scale, which enclose the nut. Scales alternate, distichous, loosely imbricating when in flower, almost distant when in fruit, linear-oblong, blunt or notched at the apex; lower short and empty ; fruiting ones keeled, grooved, nearly + inch long, shining, bright chesnut-brown, with a green keel. Stamens 3. Nut sharply trigonous, linear-obovate, acute, white, smooth.—PraArE CXXXIX. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil :—all magnified. 2. Cyperus Gunnii (Hook. fil.) ; umbellis sub-S-radiatis, spicis compositis subcapitatis, spiculis (+—+-pollicaribus) dense congestis linearibus 6—1 0-floris, squamis arcte imbricatis late ovato-oblongis apice rotundatis mucronulatis margine pallidis, nuce lanceolata obtusa trigona, involucris 3-4-phyllis angustis 1-13-pedalibus serratis, culmo levi. (Gunn, 1403.) (Tas. CXL. A.) Has. Also probably common: Penquite, near Launceston, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrarB. New South Wales and South-east Australia. A much smaller and more slender plant than C. sanguineo-fuscus, 2-3 feet high, with very narrow involucres of only about three leaves, each about 3 inch broad at the base; shorter rays of the umbel, which bear almost globose, lobed, dense heads of several crowded spikes; and the spikelets also are shorter, flatter, of short, broad, densely imbricate scales.—PrATE CXL. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil :—aZ magnified. Gen. II. SCH(ENUS, Z. Spicule solitariee fasciculatz v. panieulate (non capitate), pauciflore ; squamis distichis, rarius undique imbricatis, extimis minoribus, vacuis, floriferis majoribus. Sete hypogyne 0. Stylus 2-3-fidus.— Herbae pleraeque rigide, graminee ; culmis inarticulatis, teretibus trigonisve, Joliatis ; spiculis solitariis paniculatisve, , though the presence of hypogynous bristles in the former is a instances most closely allied plants, and some few that otherwise are almost indistinguishable; their absence or Presence is not accompanied by any characters of habit, inflorescence, or habitat. A revision of the genera would doubtless lead to the abandonment of this character, and perhaps to Cyperacee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 81 better ones founded on the insertion of the style. The species with the scales imbricated all round the spikelet should technically be referred to Zsolepis, but would be most unnaturally associated with the other species of that genus. —Generally harsh, wiry plants, with creeping rhizomes (or tufted culms), and terete or trigonous, solid, inar- ticulate culms, leafy at the base or all the way up. Spikelets axillary or terminal, fascicled, panicled, or solitary (not densely packed in a globose terminal capitulum, as in Gymnoscheenus). Scales distichous or rarely imbricated all round, of few dark-brown, hard, chartaceous scales, the outer smaller and empty, the inner bearing one flower each. Stamens 3. Nut trigonous, without hypogynous scales or bristles. (Name from oxowos, a Rush.) l. Scheenus fluitans (Hook. fil.) ; culmis flaceidis densissime cæspitosis elongatis gracillimis longe fluitantibus foliatis, foliis anguste linearibus flaccidis, spicula terminali solitaria lineari 2-flora, squamis 4 lineari-lanceolatis subacutis compressis membranaceis nitidis, staminibus 3, nuce elliptica trigona angulis costatis, stylo elongato filiformi persistente basi non incrassato, stigmatibus 3 deciduis. (Tas. CXLI. B.) Has. South Esk River, Gunn.—(Fl. Jan.) (Gunn, 1432.) A very singular plant, in habit unlike its congeners, and resembling Isolepis fluitans very closely.—Oulms densely tufted, rooting at the base in gravel, the main part floating, 2 feet long, very flaccid, and much branched, Leaves narrow-linear, with membranous sheaths and an evident ligula. Spikelets solitary, terminal, bright pale- chesnut, shining, linear, narrow, nearly } inch long, much compressed, two-flowered. Scales membranous, not nerved ; lower shorter, all linear-lanceolate, subacute. Nut pale-brown, small, smooth, with a very long persistent style, from which the three stigmas fall away. Filaments capillary, brown, persistent.—PraTE CXLI. B. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil :—all magnified. Gen. III. CHZETOSPORA, Br. Omnia Scheni sed sete v. squamule hypogyne 3 v. plures. (Ab Gymnoscheno habitu tantum differt.) The presence of hypogynous bristles or scales alone distinguishes this genus from Schenus, and its habit from Gymnoschanus. There are very many Australian species, some of which can hardly be separated specifically from others of Scheenus, except by the above character. (Name from yarn, a hair, and «opos, a seed.) 1. Cheetospora tenuissima (Hook. fil.) ; rhizomate repente, culmis gracillimis nudis trigonis sul- catis foliis filiformibus brevioribus, spicula disticha terminali solitaria lanceolata 1-flora, squamis enerviis interioribus elongatis, sguamulis hypogynis 3 brevissimis obtusis, stylo basi bulboso-incrassato cum ovario articulato.—Lepidosperma tenuissima, Muell. in Herb. Hook. (Gunn, 1416.) (Tas. CXL. B.) Has. Moist sandy places near Hobarton, @unn.— (Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) DisrriB. South-eastern Australia: Wilson's Promontory, Mueller. A glabrous, wiry, smooth species. —Rhizome creeping, very stout. Culms much shorter than the long, flexuous, semiterete, deeply channelled leaves, erect, trigonous, grooved, bearing one erect, compressed, lanceolate, acute spikelet. Spikelet 4 inch long. Scales brown, smooth, nerveless, opaque, with pale membranous borders, one of the uppermost ones alone bearing a flower. Style glabrous, bulbous at the base, and jointed on to the ovary; the three stigmas exserted.—PrATE CXL. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil :—all magnified. 2. Chzetospora capillacea (Hook. fil.) ; rhizomate repente, culmis nudis capillaribus, foliis capil- laceis, spicula solitaria (v. 2 altera pedicellata) infra apicem culmi lanceolata compressa 2-3-flora, squamis enerviis interioribus elongatis extimis aristato-acuminatis, setis hypogynis 3 linearibus, stylo bifido basi villoso. (Tas. CXLI. A.) Has. Dry sandy banks: near Hospital Bay, South Huon River, Oldfield. A very slender species, with capillary culms, and leaves 8-10 inches long.—Rhizome tufted and creeping. Culms thread-like, erect. Spikelets one or two towards the apex of the culm, minute, 4 inch long, narrow-lanceolate, dark-brown; when there are two, one is pedicelled. Scales distichous, outer with long apices, two or three inner VOL. II. Y 2 82 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. bearing a flower each. Style with two long, exserted stigmas, swollen and villous at the base. Nut not seen.— PraTE CXLI. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil :—al/ magnified. 9. Chzetospora nitens (Br. Prodr. 233); rhizomate repente, culmis nudis teretiusculis sulcatis basi foliatis, spiculis congestis lateralibus, squamis subdistichis obtusis nitidis, setis hypogynis basi plumosis, nuce trigona levi mutica.—77. N. Zeal. i. 974. (Gunn, 972, 572, in Herb. Lindl.) Has. Sand-hills near Georgetown, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrrib. Extratropical Australia, from New South Wales to Swan River; New Zealand. A slender, rigid, wiry, perfectly glabrous plant, 2-12 inches high. Rhizomes creeping; bases of culms and leaves covered with appressed, black-brown, shining scales. Leaves slender, erect, semiterete, deeply grooved in front. Spikelets two to eight, fascicled, sessile, about an inch below the erect, subulate apex of the culm, 1-4 inch long, turgid, of four to six broadly ovate, blunt, shining chesnut-brown, nerveless, smooth scales. Nut pale- brown, smooth, with six short, plumose, hypogynous bristles.—Brown places this in a section by itself, charac- terized by the scales being imbricated all round; but they are truly distichous in all my numerous specimens, though less regularly and manifestly so than in the other species. 4. Cheetospora imberbis (Br. Prodr. 233) ; culmis cespitosis erectis foliatis foliis subaeguilongis, spiculis paniculatim fasciculatis axillaribus terminalibusque 2—4-floris, fasciculis bractea foliacea elongata subtensis, pedicellis sguamarumgue carina scaberulis, setis hypogynis brevibus scaberulis, nuce trigona alba obovata striatim clathrata, stylo basi simplici persistente—F/. N. Zeal. i. 274. C. tenuissima, Steud. Pl. Glum. 162. Var. a; culmo sub-6-pollicari, bractearum vaginis castaneis nitidis $-pollicaribus, spiculis plurimis lanceolatis brunneis. Var. 8; culmo 2-3-pollicari, bractearum vaginis brevibus rufis, fasciculis spicularum solitariis (spi- eulis interdum solitariis) spiculis brevioribus pallidioribus. (Gunn, 1417.) Var. y; culmo 3—4-pollicari, foliis capillaribus, bractearum vagina brevi castanea limbo abbreviato, spiculis paucis parvis atro-castaneis. (Gunn, 1494, 581, 976.) Var. 8; culmis pedalibus flaceidis foliisque gracillimis, bracteis vagina brevi pallida, spiculis pallidis. (Gunn, 1391.) Has. All the varieties very abundant in various soils and situations throughout the Island. Var. y, in water or marshes.— (Fl. all the year.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand. This common and variable plant is always easily recognized by its tufted, erect, leafy culms, bearing shortly- pedicelled fascicles of lanceolate, compressed, small spikelets, which spring from the axils of a long, patent, bracteal leaf: it varies from 1 inch to a foot high, is of a soft texture, and of a green, grassy hue.— Leaves numerous at the base of the culm, longer or shorter than the culm, concave in front, convex at the back. Sheaths of the bracts or leaves on the culms long or short, from deep chesnut-brown to bright-red. Fascieles of spikelets subpanicled, few or many, generally from the two uppermost rather distant axillee. Spikelets usually three or six in each axil, rarely solitary, on long or short scabrid pedicels, lanceolate, compressed, 4— inch long. Seales variable in colour, with usually a green, scabrid keel, smooth, dark-brown sides, and rather acuminate, paler apex; the lowermost scales vary from being acute to acuminate, and even shortly aristate. Flowers two to four. Sete bristle-shaped, hispid. Nut white, short, broadly obovate, trigonous, grooved, the grooves with a longitudinal persistent, neither swollen nor jointed on to the nut.— This is probably the C. Zenuissim ete., p. 162), which is said to have been gathered at “ Bobat Town” (Hobarton P. 9. Cheetospora axillaris (Br. Prodr. 233); culmis ceespitosis prostratis foliosis subramosis, foliis distichis brevibus planiusculis, spiculis axillaribus solitariis binisve 2—3-floris, squamis glaberrimis paucis series of pits. Style rather a, Steud. (Syn. Plant. Glum. Cyperacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 83 distichis acutiusculis, setis hypogynis sub-6, nuce late elliptico-ovata trigona levi alba stylo basi non incrassato persistente terminata.—//. N. Zeal. i. 274. t. 62 A. C. mniaroides, Muell. in Herb. Hook. Helothrix pusilla, Nees, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 457. (Gunn, 974.) Has. Marshy places near Penquite, Gunn, and probably common elsewhere in the Colony.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrarB. New South Wales: Alps of Victoria, Mueller ; Swan River, Drummond ; New Zealand. Culms prostrate, rooting at the base, slender, laxly tufted, 2-5 inches long, sparingly branched, compressed. Leaves alternate, patent, distichous, 1-2 inches long, concave above, with grooved, convex backs. Spikelets much smaller than in C. imberbis, axillary, solitary or two together, pedicelled or almost sessile, pale, about + inch long, of four or six compressed, smooth, nerveless, ovate-lanceolate, subacute scales. Hypogynous bristles short, scabrid. Nut white, smooth, broadly elliptical-ovate, trigonous, with a persistent style. : Gen. IV. GYMNOSCH(ENUS, Nees. Spicule in capitulum terminale late bracteatum densissime congeste, breves, 1-2-flore; squamis distichis, extimis minoribus, vacuis. Sete hypogyn 3, filiformes. Stylus 3-fidus, basi pubescens.—Herbw rigide, robuste ; culmis erectis, cespitosis, radicibus crassis; foliis omnibus radicalibus, rigidis, coriaceis, lineari-elongatis, curvis; capitulo magno, spherico ; spiculis rachi incrassata sessilibus. There are two described species of this genus, both South-eastern Australian. They have the technical cha- racters of the spikelets and flowers of Schenus, but differ so remarkably in habit and inflorescence from that genus, that there can be no doubt as to the propriety of keeping them distinct from it. G. spherocephalus consists of a dense mass of tall, very rigid, tufted, smooth, polished culms and leaves, 2-3 feet high. Old plants form short caudices a foot high, from the summit of which the culms and leaves spread in all directions.—Rhizome very stout, sending down thick, tortuous fibres, as stout as a small quill. Base of the culm as thick as the little finger, covered with dark-brown, grooved, coriaceous leaf-sheaths, 2-3 inches long, whose margins are more or less woolly. Leaves a foot or more long, much longer than the culm, tortuous, rigid, narrow-linear, 4 inch broad, convex, not grooved at the back, broadly concave in front. Scape or culm 3-5 feet long, compressed, perfectly smooth, rigid, solid, not jointed and naked. Capitulum 2 inch in diameter, perfectly glabrous, of very numerous, short, sessile spikelets, set round a central, thickened axis. Bracts coriaceous, very broadly rounded, ovate, three or five at the base of the capitulum, and three or four placed amongst the spikelets; one or two sometimes bearing a short, flat, blunt lamina. Spikelets hard, radiating, 2 inch long, of five or six very coriaceous, yellowish scales, with brown- black margins and apices, distichous, but rather obscurely so; outer scales short, more membranous, quadrate, bifid, with broader membranous margins, truncate; inner broadly ovate, very concave, obscurely keeled, smooth, not nerved. Stamens three, with short filaments, and large, broad, mucronate anthers. Style with a long, conical, pubescent base, jointed? on the ovary, which is elongate. Stigmas three. Hypogynous bristles three, scabrous, very slender. (Name from yupvos, naked, and oxowos, a Rush ; in allusion to the long leafless culms ?) 1. Gymnoschenus sphaerocephalus (Hook. fil); foliorum vaginis lanatis, culmis compressis, capitulo globoso terminali, bracteis cum spiculis immixtis iis equilongis late orbiculatis ovatisve obtusis, spiculis bifloris.—G. adustus, Nees, in Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 47. Chetospora spherocephala, Br. Prodr. 233. Xyris levis, Sieber, 204 (non Br.). (Gunn, 952.) (Tas. CXLII.) Has. Abundant in marshes, in the poorest soil, in many parts of the Island: Lake St. Clair, and thence to Macquarrie Harbour; Circular Head, etc., Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.-Jan.) DisrRiB. New South Wales and Victoria. Prag CXLII. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, bract; 3, scales of spikelet; 4, stamen; 5, pistil :—all magnified. Gen. V. CHORIZANDRA, Br. Spicule in capitulum laterale bracteatum densissime congests, late obovatee, compresse, multiflora ; 84 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. squamis perplurimis, fasciculatis, undique imbricatis, omnibus floriferis, exterioribus majoribus, masculis monandris, subterminali hermaphrodito monandro. Nux compressa; stylo valido, basi subincrassato : stig- matibus 2, crassis, elongatis.—Herbæ Juneiformes ; culmis cæspitosis, teretibus, basi foliatis ; foliis teretibus, basi vaginatis ; vaginis fissis ; capitulo atro-purpureo, excavatione culmi sessili. A very remarkable genus, unlike Cyperacee in habit, and quite resembling many species of Juncus in the tufted habit, terete culm and radical leaves, which latter have split sheaths.—Spikelets very densely aggregated into a globose head, which is sunk in a canal on the side of the culm, of very numerous, fasciculate scales, which are equal in length, and imbricated all round ; the majority of these are male, and have each one stamen; the central flower alone is hermaphrodite, and consists of one stamen and one compressed nut, with a stout style and two stout stigmas.— C. enodis is a rigid, glabrous herb, a span to 18 inches high, with striated, unjointed culms and leaves, both of which terminate in subulate, almost pungent apices. Capitulum dark purple-black, 2-2 inch in diameter, depressed, with two or three concave, very broad, coriaceous, involucrate scales at its base. Spike- lets broadly obovate. Scales obovate-cuneate, all trifid, or sometimes quadrifid (more or less irregularly), the points acuminate, a little recurved; back and margins towards the apices woolly with purple hairs; inner scales much narrower and more membranous, hyaline. Anthers yellow. Pistil dark-purple. (Name from xwpis, apart, and avnp, a man ; in allusion to the solitary stamens.) l. Chorizandra enodis (Nees, Pl. Preiss. ii. 73) ; culmis foliisque inarticulatis gracilibus, capitulo depresse globoso exserto, squamulis 3—5-fidis obovato-cuneatis apice lanatis. (Gunn, 1401.) Has. Wet places near Georgetown, Gunn.—(Fl. Oct.) e DisrarB. Victoria (Hopkins River), Mueller; Swan River, Drummond. Gen. VI. CARPHA, Banks et Sol. Spicule fasciculate, erectee, uniflores. Squame distichee, inferiores minores, vacuz ; 2 superiores sub- opposite, magna; terminali anguste lineari. Sete hypogynee 3-6, longe plumose, squamis æquilongæ. Nuz stipitata, prismatica, obovata ; stylo basi longe fusiformi, persistente; stigmatibus 2—3.— Herbs cespi- tose ; foliis Zinearibus ; culmo tereti; fasciculis spieularum bractea foliacea subtensis. There are only three species of this genus known to me, of which the present is closely allied to C. schonoides of Fuegia, and the third (C. deusta) is a native of New South Wales. The C. alpina is a tufted, grass-like herb, with numerous, rigid, narrow-linear, radical leaves, 2-4 inches long, with rather blunt apices, concave faces, and glabrous or scaberulous sides and margin.—Culms slender, erect, cylindrie or rather compressed, a span to a foot high, with one or two leaves. ` Cauline leaves or bracts with a long, entire sheath, each bearing a peduncled, sub- corymbose fascicle of large, pale-yellow, shining spikelets; lower fascicle (when two) on a long, slender, inclined peduncle. Spikelets $ inch long, of about five or six distichous scales, of which the two lowest are small, subulate, lanceolate, and empty; the two succeeding are very large, opposite, concave and compressed, lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, enclosing one flower between them ; the uppermost scale is linear and small. Hypogynous sete in two series, as long as the longest scales, densely plumose. Nut prismatic, with a short style, having a long, conical, persistent base. Embryo large, almost globose, but broadly conical at both ends, and hence somewhat shortly fusi- form, its lower half surrounded with a layer of indurated albumen, its upper small, with softer albumen above it. (Name from xapdos, chaff; in allusion to the glumaceous texture of the scales.) 1. Carpha alpina (Br. Prodr. 230); foliis rigidis anguste linearibus obtusiusculis supra concavis, fasciculis spicularum subcorymboso-paniculatis, inferioribus gracile pedicellatis squamis pallidis, setis hypo- gynis 6 longe plumosis apicibus nudis.— 77. N. Zeal. i.273. (Gunn, 1485.) Has. Not uncommon on the mountains, alt. 4-5000 ped.—(Fl. Dec., J an.) (v. v.) Dsg, Mountains of Victoria and New Zealand. Cyperacee.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 85 Gen. VI. EL/EOCHARIS, Br. Spicula solitaria, terminalis, elongata, erecta, nuda; squamis undique imbricatis, conformibus, plerisque fertilibus ; seta Aypogyne 4-12 (rarius 0). Nue lenticularis v. trigona; síylo basi bulboso, cum ovario articulato, deciduo; stigmatibus 2-3.—Herbe paludose ; culmis aphyllis, basi vaginatis, A very common genus of marsh plants, found in all parts of the world, and many of the individual species have also a very extended geographical distribution. —All are leafless, erect herbs, with tufted, generally terete culms, sheathed at tif base, and simple, erect, lanceolate or cylindrical, solitary, terminal spikelets. Scales nume- rous, imbricated all round, most or all of them fertile. Flowers of three stamens and one pistil, surrounded by hypogynous bristles. Style with a bulbous base, jointed on to the nut, deciduous; stigmas 8. (Name from «Mos, a marsh, and xaıpw, to delight in.) 1. Eleocharis sphacelata (Br. Prodr. 244) ; robusta, culmis articulatis intus vacuis, spicula cylin- drica, squamis elliptico- v. obovato-oblongis margine sphacelatis.—Z7. N. Zeal. i. 269. (Gunn, 1404.) Has. Abundant in lagoons near Formosa, etc.—(Fl. Nov.) Distris. Throughout Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands. Culms 2-4 feet high, 4-4 inch in diameter, hollow, with numerous transverse septa. Spikelet 2 inches long. Scales blunt, broadly-oblong or elliptic-oblong, with brown edges. Nut very broadly obovate, compressed, with thickened margins. Hypogynous bristles about eight, covered with retrorse sete. 2. Eleocharis gracilis (Br. Prodr. 224); culmis gracilibus inarticulatis ceespitosis, vagina ore truncata, spica cylindracea, squamis ovato-lanceolatis, setis hypogynis 4-8 ovario longioribus, nuce com- pressa, stigmatibus 3.—E. mucronulata, Nees, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 46. An E. palustris, Z., var. ? (Gunn, 573.) ; Var. 8; squamis acutis.—E. acuta, Br. /. c. Has. Abundant in marshy places throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct.-Jan.) (v. v.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia and New Zealand. I can find no characters to separate this plant from the European Æ. palustris, except the three stigmas, and the occasional presence of a small mucro to the mouth of the sheath; this mouth is either transversely or obliquely truncate in both European and Tasmanian specimens. The scales are more often obtuse than acute, and the hypo- gynous bristles, though constantly eight in Tasmanian specimens, vary from four to eight in Australian and New Zealand ones. The nut is broadly obovate, pale yellow-brown, with rounded sides, in which respect and its more robust habit it differs from what I have (in the “New Zealand Flora”) assumed to be Brown's E. gracilis, and which has a trigonous nut. Gen. VII. ISOLEPIS, Br. Spieule parve, 1 v. plures (rarius 1), terminales v. prope apicem culmi aggregate, sessiles, breves, ovato-cylindracez ; squamis undique imbricatis, plerisque floriferis. Sete hypogyne 0. Nux compressa v. trigona; stylo deciduo, basi non incrassato.— Herbs (7zsmanie I. nodoso excepto parve) cespitose ; culmis Zrigonis teretiusculisve, basi foliatis v. vaginatis ; foliis angustis, subulatis subgramineisve. A very common and puzzling genus, found in almost all parts of the world, but most abundantly in the tem- perate and colder latitudes. The species are extremely difficult to discriminate, being very variable, and their cha- racters minute and not easily expressed. About sixteen Australian species are known to me, including probably the eleven which are described in Brown's * Prodromus,' though I am unable to determine some of the latter with confidence. The genus differs from Scirpus only in habit and in wanting hypogynous bristles; almost all are small, tufted, usually marsh plants, with subulate radical leaves. (Name from wos, equal, and dems, a scale.) VOL. IF. 2 86 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. a. Spikelet terminal. Nut much compressed. Stamens and stigmas two. 1. Isolepis fluitans (Br. Prodr. 221); culmis flaceidis ramosis foliatis natantibus, foliis lineari- setaceis canaliculatis, spiculis ovatis 3-7-floris, squamis ovato-oblongis obtusis 3-andris, nuce elliptica compressa, stigmatibus 2.—Xunth, En. ii. 188. Eleogiton fluitans, Zink, Hort. i. 284. Scirpus fluitans, Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 71; Eng. Bot. t. 216. (Gunn, 1430.) Var. 8; spiculis foliorumque vaginis atro-castaneis. (Gunn, 1429.) Var. y. terrestris, F. Mueller; culmis ceespitosis abbreviatis erectis, foliis culmo eequilongis, squama inferiore elongata bracteam referente. (Gunn, 1413, 1420.) Has. Abundant in rivers and pools throughout the Island. Var. 8. Yorktown rivulet, Gunz. Var. y. Western Mountains and Arthur's Lakes, Gunn. DisrRis. Extratropical Australia, South Africa, and temperate Europe and Asia. In its usual state this forms dense, matted, floating patches of almost capillary culms and leaves.—Spikelefs pale, narrow-ovate, 4 inch long. Scales green on the back, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, blunt; the lower empty, and sometimes produced beyond the spikelet. Nut compressed, white, with two styles.—In the var. B the spikelets and sheaths of the leaves are a dark chestnut-brown, almost black. The var. y. terrestris so closely agrees with Brown's character of Isolepis inundata, that I have doubts whether it may not be a state of that plant. 2. Isolepis crassiuscula (Hook. fil.) ; culmis cespitosis fluitantibus v. emersis erectis, spiculis ovatis castaneis, squamis 12-15 late ovato-oblongis apice rotundatis, apices versus membranaceis 3-andris, nuce elliptica valde compressa pallida, stigmatibus 2. (Gunn, 1431.) (Tas. CXLIII. 4.) Has. Alpine situations: Arthur's Lakes and Mount Wellington, Guzz.—(Fl. Jan.) DisrarB. South Africa ? Much larger and stouter than Æ. fluitans, and apparently not floating, some of my specimens being evidently terrestrial, though growing in marshes.—Culms 6-10 inches long. Leaves as in E. fluitans, but coarser. Spikelets i inch long, ovate, acute, of twelve to fifteen blunt scales, which are chesnut-brown above the middle. Lower scale fertile, sometimes with a short mucro.—Apparently identical with a South African species, whose name I cannot determine.—PrLATE CXLIII. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil and stamen; 4, nut :—all magnified. 3. Isolepis lenticularis (Br. Prodr. 222) ; culmis cespitosis setaceis capillaribusve basi unifoliis, spicula solitaria terminali ovato-lanceolata compressa, squamis 6-10 ovato-oblongis lanceolatisve superiori- bus obtusis vix carinatis diandris, nuce ovali-oblonga lenticulari valde compressa alba levi, stigmatibus 2. (Gunn, 1424.) (Tas. CXLV. D.) Has. Moist ground near Formosa, Guzz.— (Fl. Dec.) Distris. New South Wales. I have several good specimens of this plant, but from one locality only, and though from these it certainly appears to bea very distinct and well marked species, specimens from different situations may modify this opinion. It is a good deal like Z. cartilaginea, and of the same size, habit, and aspect, but the solitary, pale-green spikelet is more terminal, larger, more ovate-lanceolate, and apparently compressed ; the scales are not so carinate and nerved, more lanceolate, and the white, oval, oblong, very compressed nut is of a totally different form and character. All my specimens are diandrous, and have bifid styles. —PrATE CXLV. D. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, nut :—all magnified. b. Spikelets lateral or terminal. Stamens one to three. Nut trigonous or triquetrous. 4. Isolepis alpina (Hook. fil.); densissime cespitosa, 2-pollicaris, robusta, culmis erectis spiculas longe superantibus foliis numerosis lineari-subulatis obtusis brevioribus, spicula solitaria laterali (raro ter- Cyperacee. | - FLORA OF TASMANIA. 87 minali) late ovata compressa, squamis 8-12 oblongo-ovatis obtusis viridibus castaneisve 3-andris, nuce late elliptica compresso-trigona levi, stigmatibus 8. (Gunn, 1409, 1427, 1437.) (Tas. CXLIII. B.) Has. Alpine bogs: Lake St. Clair, Arthur's Lakes, and Marlborough, Gunn.— (Fl. Jan., Feb.) In many respects similar to Z. crassiuscula, but very different in habit, and especially in the lateral spikelets and trigonous nut.—Culms 1-2 inches high, very robust. Leaves numerous, longer than the culms, rigid, erect. Spikelets large, rarely terminal, twice as large as in Z. fluitans, inserted far below the apex of the culm.—PrATE CXLIII. 2. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil and stamen ; 4, nut :—all magnified, 5. Isolepis prolifer (Br. Prodr. 223) ; laxe ceespitosa, culmis (sepius stoloniferis) flaccidis com- pressis v. triquetris, capitulis polystachyis passim proliferis, spiculis oblongis pauci- v. multi-floris, squamis late ovatis obtusis acutisve carinatis v. dorso obtusis monandris, nuce trigona alba levi punctulata striata, stigmatibus 3.— Kunth, En. ii. 201; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 271. Scirpus prolifer, Rottb. Gram. 55. t. 17. f. 2. Var. a; rarius stolonizans, spithamea ad pedalem, capitulis non proliferis, spiculis 5-12 cylindraceo- ovatis, squamis sub-16. I. propinqua, Br., id. Nees in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 46. (Gunn, 420.) (Tas. CXLIV. 4.) Var. 8; rarius stolonizans, 4-pollicaris ad spithameam, capitulis raro proliferis, spiculis 2-5 brevibus, squamis 6-10. (Gunn, 420.) (Tas. CXLIV. B.) Var. y; stolonizans, 4-pollicaris ad spithameam, capitulis proliferis, spiculis 2-5 brevibus, squamis 6-10. (Gunn, 1418.) (Tas. CXLIV. C.) Var. ò; stolonizans, culmis fluitantibus pedalibus et ultra, capitulis polystachyis valde proliferis, spi- culis 3-8 breviusculis, squamis 6-10. (Gunn, 420.) (Tas. CXLIV. D.) Var. e; alpina, vix stolonizans, culmis cespitosis 1-2-pollicaribus basi foliosis erectis non proliferis, spiculis 5-8 breviusculis, squamis 6-10. (Gunn, 1423, 1425, 1426.) (Tas. CXLIV. xj. Var. €; perpusilla, culmis czespitosis 4-pollicaribus basi foliosis, capitulis 1-2 brevibus, squamis 4-8. (Gunn, 1425.) (Tas. CXLIV. F.) Has. Abundant in wet places throughout the Island. Var. e. Marlborough and Georgetown. Var. &. Arthur's Lakes. Vars. y and 6 often growing under water.—(Fl. all the year.) (v. v.) DisrRiB. Tropical and extratropical Australia, New Zealand, South Africa. A most variable plant, 3 inch to a foot high, growing in both wet and dry places, and assuming a different habit under different circumstances. The varieties enumerated above are by no means constant, except in the nut and one stamen ; they run into one another in all ways, and are connected with other varieties from other countries, some of which are very much larger than these in all their parts, and some are so slender as to have capillary culms. Brown describes the spikelets as terminal, but they are truly lateral in all states, though sometimes the apex of the culm is short; he also states the culms to be leafless : this they are in many states, but in others they bear trique- trous leaves at the base.—This species may be invariably recognized by its solitary stamen, white, triquetrous, smooth nut; also by its flaccidity, stoloniferous habit, and proliferous spikelets, which vary from two to twenty in a cluster, from $—$ inch long, and from having three to twenty green or brown scales. Nut white, acutely trigo- nous, exactly similar in all the varieties. Stamen 1.—PrLATE CXLV. 4.-F. Varieties of I. prolifer. Fig. 1, scales; 2, pistil and stamen ; 3, nut :—all magnified. 6. Isolepis nodosa (Br. Prodr. 221) ; elata, robusta, culmis tereti-compressis basi vaginatis aphyllis apice pungentibus, capitulis globosis polystachyis, spieulis ovatis densissime congestis, squamis obtusis, staminibus stigmatibusque 3, nuce compresso-trigona levi.—Kunth, En. i. 199; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 271. Scirpus nodosus, Rotts. Gram. 52. f. 8. f. 3. (Gunn, 979.) Has. Sand-hills on the northern shores of the Island, common.— (Fl. Nov., Dec.) Distris. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America. 88 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. Very dissimilar to the other Tasmanian species, being robust, rigid, 2-3 feet high, and bearing a very dense globose capitulum the size of a marble. Culms compressed, rigid, leafless, sheathed at the base, with a pungent apex. Spikelets extremely numerous and very densely packed, of six to eight broad, concave, blunt, striated, pale- brown scales. Stamens and stigmas three. T, Isolepis setacea (Br. Prodr. 222); pusilla, culmis setaceis striatis basi monophyllis, spiculis 1-3 ovatis lateralibus v. terminalibus, squamis acutis carinatis 2-3-andris, nuce globosa, longitudinaliter sulcata, stigmatibus 2-3.—Kuntk, En. 193. I. margaritifera, Nees, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 46. (Gunn, 421, 976.) Has. Probably common in marshy places, but I have seen no specimens but those from Penquite, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia, South Africa, India, temperate and warm Europe and Asia. Culms capillary, two or four inches high. Leaves short, very slender. Spikelets short, one to three, some- , times, especially when solitary, almost terminal. Scales six or eight, acute, keeled, and striate. Nut globose, deeply grooved, whitish or brown. 8. Isolepis Saviana (Schult. Mant. ii. 63); culmis setaceis subcapillaribusve basi monophyllis, spiculis 1-3 ovatis, squamis 3-andris obtusis carinatis sulcato-nervosis, nuce late obovata compressa obtuse trigona alba v. pallide fusca creberrime punctata (asperula).—XKunth, En. ii. 193. Scirpus Savii, Spr. Syst. Veg. i. 201 ; Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2782. (Gunn, 421.) Has. Abundant in moist, sandy, and marshy places.—(Fl. all summer.) (v. v.) DisrRrB. Extratropical Australia, Europe, Canary Islands, and North Africa. (A native of England.) My specimens agree perfectly with European ones. Very similar to I. setacea, being pale-green, and having, like it, often but one almost terminal spikelet ; also most nearly allied to 1. pygmea, but that has a smaller, trique- trous, more minutely punctulate nut.—Cu/ms 1-3 inches high, very slender, with one leaf at the base. Spikelets one to three, small, 4—j inch long, of six to eight ovate, blunt, concave, bluntly keeled, deeply striate or grooved scales. Nut compressed, obovate, obtusely three-angled, white or grey-brown, deeply punctate so as to look rough, its surface glistening and iridescent. 9. Isolepis cartilaginea (Br. Prodr. 222) ; culmis basi foliatis dense czespitosis foliisque crassius- culis rigidis erectis, spiculis 3-6 (rarius solitariis) lateralibus seepe involucratis, squamis 3-andris navicula- ribus profunde carinatis lateribus impressis sulcato-nervosis inferioribus mucronatis, nuce elliptica v. ob- longa obtuse trigona punctulata.—F/. N, Zeal. i. 271; Nees im Plant. Preiss. ii. 13. Schultes, Mant. ii. 532; Kunth, En. ii. 194. Var. a; culmis rigidiusculis 1-4-pollicaribus, spiculis 4-6, squamarum lateribus purpureis. (Gunn, 582. (Tas. CXLV. A.) Var. 8; culmis rigidiusculis 1—4-pollicaribus, spiculis 2-3, sguamis pallide viridibus. Var. y; culmis gracilibus subsetaceis, spiculis 1-3, squamis pallidis. (Gunn, 421?) (Tas. CXLV. I. Bergiana, B.) Haz. Abundant in sandy and moist places, Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. A very well marked species in its common form of a short, ri with several lateral, often involucrate spikelets of deeply keeled, shining, navicular, suleate scales, and with a pale- brown, elliptic-oblong, bluntly trigonous, not compressed, minutely punctulate nut; but the culms are sometimes slender and setaceous, like those of I. Saviana and setacea ; the scales, though constant in general characters, are often wholly yellow-green ; the spikelets are sometimes solitary, and have no involucre-like elongated scale at the the varieties apparently growing intermixed.— (Fl. Oct.- gid, robust, ceespitose plant, 2 inches high, Cyperacea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 89 base. Swan River specimens are sometimes 5 inches high, with much larger spikelets. Young nuts are white, and acutely trigonous. New Zealand specimens are sometimes diandrous. Between the South African and Tas- manian individuals there is no difference whatever. This is certainly Brown’s J. cartilaginea, though the nuts are but very minutely punctulate, not “ scabriusculis,” as described in the * Prodromus,” a character which better agrees with Z. Saviana.—PrATE CXLV. 4. and B. Vars. a and y. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 8, nut :—all magnified. 10. Isolepis riparia (Br. Prodr.); culmis cespitosis basi unifoliis v. vaginatis subsetaceis capillari- busve, spicula solitaria laterali v. terminali brevi ovata pauciflora, squamis 5-8 late ovatis obtusis subcari- natis triandris, nuce late obovata triquetra levi subtilissime punctulata, stigmatibus 3.—I. chlorostachya, Nees, fid. Herb. Reg. Berol. Y. pygmea, Kunth, En. ii. 191. (Gunn, 421, 1421, 1422, 1428, 1445.) (Tas. CXLV. C.) Has. Abundant in wet banks, ditches, rivers, marshes, etc.—(Fl. all the year.) Distris. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, South America. Best distinguished by the very slender, often capillary culms, solitary, very small, lateral, or rarely terminal spikelet, of few, broad, blunt, scarcely keeled scales, and by the small, broadly obovate, compressed, triquetrous nut, which is smooth or very minutely punctulate.—Culms 1-4 inches high, sometimes, when growing in shaded woods, 6 inches, and then quite capillary, short and more rigid in alpine localities. Spikelets rarely terminal, J— inch long, pale yellow-green or chesnut-brown on the sides of the scales. —PLaTE CXLV. C. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, nut :—all magnified. Gen. IX. SCIRPUS, Z. Spicule versus apicem culmi solitariz aggregate v. paniculate ` squamis undique imbricatis, plerisque floriferis. Sete hypogyne squamis breviores. Wuv compressa v. trigona, stylo deciduo basi non incras- sato.—Culmi erecti, robusti, elongati, simplices, e rhizomate crasso ; foliis gramineis vaginaformibus v. nullis; spiculis magnis. The species of Scirpus are not numerous, but several are found in all temperate and many tropical parts of the globe. All are tall, water or marsh plants, with creeping rhizomes, and stout, erect, simple, generally leafy or leafless culms, bearing the inflorescence below the apex. About six Australian species are known, all of them natives of other countries.—Spikelets large, solitary, aggregate or panicled ; scales numerous, imbricated on all sides. Nut with hypogynous bristles. (Name supposed to be that used by the Greeks for this or some other marsh plant.) 1. Scirpus triqueter (Linn. Mant. 29); culmo triquetro basi 1-2-phyllo, foliis acute carinatis, spiculis lateralibus solitariis v. dense glomeratis ovatis, squamis aristatis vel mucronatis apice fimbriatis.— Br. Prodr. 223; Eng. Bot. 1694; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 269. (Gunn, 1402.) Has. Near Hobarton, in brackish water, and probably elsewhere, commonly.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DisrriB. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and North Africa, and other temperate and subtropical countries. Culms 2-3 feet high, slender, trigonous, channelled down the front, with one or two trigonous.leaves at their base. Spikelets one or more, 3-1 inch long, ovate, dark red-brown. Scales membranous, oblong or ovate-lanceo- late, usually bifid at the apex, the lowest broadest, with a green mucro, the upper aristate, most of them fimbriate at the margin. Nut broadly oblanceolate or fusiform. Stigmas two or three. Sete three, longer than the nut, beset with strong recurved bristles. Stamens with a rough terminal mucro. 2. Scirpus maritimus (Linn. Sp. Pl. i. 74); culmo triquetro folioso, foliis gramineis culmum su- perantibus, spiculis subcorymbosis sessilibus pedunculatisque, involucro polyphyllo, squamis scariosis bifidis integerrimisve, nuce trigona.— Br, Prodr. 224; Eng. Bot. t. 542; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 268. (Gunn, 419.) VOL. II. 24 90 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Cyperacee. Has. Abundant in salt and brackish marshes, etc.— (Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. Throughout Australia, New Zealand, and all temperate and tropical countries of both hemi- spheres. (Native of England.) h A larger and coarser plant than S. triqueter, with a trigonous culm, flat grassy leaves, and a corymbose, com- pound panicle of large, ovate spikelets, surrounded by several involucral leaves; this inflorescence is usually de- scribed as terminal, but one of the so-called involucral leaves is always erect, and is manifestly as much the con- tinuation of the culm as is that of 8. triqueter.—Spikelets pale-brown, 3-1 inch long. Scales very numerous, mem- branous or scarious, oblong, entire or bifid, with an often recurved arista. Nut large, pyriform, compressed, with a fusiform terminal mammilla, shining, punctulate. Sete unequal and variable. Anthers with a rough terminal mucro. Stigmas two or three. Gen. X. LEPIDOSPERMA, Labill. Spicule parve, in paniculas spicasve divisas terminales disposite, l—2-flore, monosperme ` squamis undique imbricatis, plerisque vacuis. Sguamule hypogyne 6, crasse, basi carinatee, nucis basi adherentes. Nux ventricosa, calva, obtusa; s/7/o deciduo, basi simplici.—Radix perennis, sepe lignosa ; culmis nudis, simplicibus, sepissime late ancipitibus, compressissimis, rarius teretibus angulatisve, rigidis, marginibus sca- berulis, sectantibus, basi foliis equitantibus cinctis; panicula basi vagina membranacea appressa cincta ; spiculis duris, fuscis. À very extensive genus, almost confined to extratropical Australia, a few species only being found in New Zealand and the Malay Islands. Brown describes nineteen species, and I find upwards of fifty in the Hookerian Herbarium, by far the greater number being natives of South-western Australia. The larger species form a con- siderable proportion of the so-called Cutting-Grasses of the forest and bush. Nees von Esenbeck, in ‘ Plant Preissianz, has referred some South-western Australian species to Brown's Tasmanian ones, trusting to the descriptions in the * Prodromus ;' but as Nees had no opportunity of comparing authentic specimens, and I find great differences between all the Tasmanian and South-western Australian species, I have refrained from quoting the ‘Plante Preissianee? I much doubt whether I am correct as to L. concava, lateralis, and squamata, of which the specimens in the British Museum are scarcely authentic, and hardly agree with the descriptions in the * Prodromus.’—Coarse, rigid, often tall, perennial Sedges, with simple, erect, harsh culms, which are most often flat, with two cutting edges, but in some species square or terete, bearing a few equitant leaves at the base, and terminated by a branched, compressed panicle of very insignificant spikelets. Spikelets sessile, short, enclosed in an aristate bract, of several imbricating scales, one- or two-flowered, the lower flower alone fertile. Scales charta- ceous, hard. Nut ventricose, coriaceous or osseous, surrounded at the base with six connate, persistent, coria- ceous, often thickened scales. Style with a simple base. (Name from Aeris, a scale, and arepa, a seed.) — a. Culms flat or very much compressed. l. Lepidosperma gladiata (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 15. t. 12); 2—4-pedalis, culmo 2-2 poll. lato complanato, axi utrinque elevato intus solido, marginibus foliisque levibus, panicula coarctata, ramis com- positis, spiculis imbricatis, squamis ovatis acutis puberulis.— Br. Prodr. 234; Kunth, En. ii. 316. L. en- satum, Nees, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 47. (Gunn, 984.) Has. Common on sand-hills near the sea, on the north coast, Gunn.— (Fl. Nov.) Disrris. Victoria, Robertson ; New South Wales, Brown. A tall, coarse, but not cutting species. Culm compressed, 2-3 feet high, 4-3 inch broad, with smooth mar- gins, and a thickened, convex axis, solid within. Panicle oblong, flattened, 3 inches long, much divided. Spike- lets puberulous, crowded.—I have seen no Western Australian specimens of this species. 2. Lepidosperma elatior (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 15. t. 11); 4-S-pedalis, culmo + poll. lato com- presso utringue convexiusculo intus solido marginibus foliisque scabris, panicula elongata effusa, ramis Cyperacea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 91 compositis, spiculis subfasciculatis, squamis ovatis ovato-lanceolatisque acuminato-aristatis puberulis.— Br. Prodr. 234; Kunth, En. ii. 317. Cheetospora concava, Nees, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 4T. (Gunn, 575.) Has. Common in forests, and in damp soil, throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct.) (v. v.) Distr. Victoria. A tall, slender species, very dangerous to handle, from the keenly cutting edges of the culms and leaves.— Culm often 8 feet high, about 4 inch broad, compressed, thickened rather suddenly from the margins towards the middle equally on both surfaces. Panicle 6-12 inches long, slender, effuse, with long, nodding lateral branches. Spikelets in pedicelled fascicles. Scales about + inch long, aristate-mucronate, puberulous. 3. Lepidosperma longitudinalis (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 16. t. 13); 3-5-pedalis, culmo + poll. lato complanato intus vacuo marginibus compressissimis leevibus, panicula elongata coarctata, ramis subsimpli- cibus, spiculis dense congestis, squamis ovato-oblongis obtusis apiculatisve puberulis.—Br. Prodr. 234; Kunth, En.i. 317. (Gunn, 1395.) Haz. Sandy wet places near the sea: Georgetown and Hobarton, etc., common.—(Fl. Sept.) (v. v.) DisrRiB. Victoria. The hollow culms at once distinguish this species from all its Tasmanian allies.—Oulms 3-5 feet high, about 3 inch broad, with quite smooth (scarcely scabrous, as described by Brown) margins, and a much compressed, broad, hollow axis, reaching nearly to the margins. Panicle erect, 4-7 inches high, sparingly branched, the branches erect. Spikelets fascicled, pubescent. Scales ovate-oblong, blunt, apiculate. 4. Lepidosperma Oldfieldii (Hook. fil.) ; 4-6-pedalis, culmo } poll. lato compresso utrinque con- vexo intus solido marginibus foliisque scaberulis, panicula elongata contracta erecta, ramis brevibus remotis compositis, spiculis fasciculatis, squamis ovatis aristato-acuminatis. (Tas. CXLVI. 4.) Has. New Norfolk, Oldfield. Similar in many respects to Z. elatior, but a smaller and more slender species, with a different panicle, which is very long (6-18 inches), of few distant, erect branches, 13-2 inches long, covered with fascicled chesnut-brown spikelets. Spikes aristato-acuminate, keeled, recurved, giving the spikelets a subsguarrose appearance. The edges of the culms are very scabrous, and cut severely.— Prate CXLVI. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil and stamens :—all magnified. 5. Lepidosperma concava (Br. Prodr. 234); 3-4-pedalis, culmo J poll. lato compressissimo hine concaviusculo marginibus foliisque scabris, panicula erecta elongata, ramis suberectis simpliciusculis, spiculis alternis brevibus, squamis ovatis carinatis aristato-acuminatis.—Kunth, En. ìi. 316. L. lineare, Sieb. Agrost. n. 9. L. longitudinalis, Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 279, non Lab. (Gunn, 576, in part.) (Tas. CXLVI. B.) : Has. Stony dry places: near Launceston, Gunn, and probably common elsewhere.— (Fl. April?) Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, and New Zealand. A rather slender species, but known by its very thin, flat culm, which is rather concave on one side, and elon- gate panicle with alternate spikelets.—Culms 3—4 feet high, about 4-4 inch broad, with scabrid, cutting margins. Panicle erect, pale, often a span long, elongated, flexuous, with rather long, erect, alternate branches. Spikelets soli- tary, subalternate. Scales ovate-acuminate.—I have seen no good authentically-named specimens of this. Those so called in the British Museum have the involucral bract as long or longer than the panicle, and best accord with Brown's character of L. lateralis, and belong to the species I have so called. —PLate CXLVI. B. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil and stamens :—all magnified. 6. Lepidosperma lateralis (Br. Prodr. 234) ; robusta, 1-2 pedalis, foliis numerosis, culmo # poll. 92 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. lato compressissimo hinc plano inde convexiusculo marginibus scabris, panicula coaretata ovato-lanceolata subdensa involucro breviore v. rarius longiore, ramis brevibus subsimplicibus, spiculis alternis approximatis, squamis ovatis acuminato-aristatis puberulis.—Kunth, En. ii. 316. L. squamatum, Lab. fid. Nees in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 47. (Gunn, 983.) (Tas. CXLVII. A.) Has. Sand-hills: Circular Head and Georgetown, Gunn.—(Fl. April.) DistriB. New South Wales and Victoria. A short, robust species, 1-2 feet high, with broad, very flat leaves and culms for the size of the species, and a short panicle.—Cuims + inch broad, with scabrous margins. Panicle 1-2 inches long, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, with short, simple branches, bearing a few alternate but close-set spikelets. The erect, rigid, involucral leaf is generally longer than the panicle.—Of this species there are specimens in the British Museum, named Z. concava, Br.; it is well distinguished from the plant for which I have retained that name by the short panicle and long involueral bract.—PrATE CXLVII. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil and stamens :—all magnified. 7. Lepidosperma angustifolia (Hook. fil.) ; gracilis, 3-4-pedalis, culmis 4 poll. latis compressis utrinque convexiusculis marginibus asperulis, panicula elongata tenui gracili, ramis brevibus gracilibus, spiculis parvis alternis approximatis, squamis acuminatis, sguamulis hypogynis lanceolatis. (Gunn, 576.) (Tas. CXLVII. 2.) Has. Penquite, near Launceston, Gunn.— (Fl. April.) A very slender species, with an erect, slender, sparingly branched panicle.—Culms 3-4 feet high, 4 inch broad, bases (and sheaths of the leaves) red-brown, much compressed but concave on both surfaces, solid within, margins most minutely roughened. Panicle a span long, with alternate, suberect or recurved, slender branches. Spikelets small, yy inch long, alternate, approximate, with acuminate scales.—PrATE CXLVI. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil and stamens :—all magnified. 8. Lepidosperma linearis (Br. Prodr. 235) ; 12-18-pollicaris, foliis falcatis culmisque 5-5 poll. latis utrinque convexis vix striatis marginibus leeviusculis, panicula v. spica ovata composita curva, ramis brevibus paucifloris, spiculis approximatis, squamis acuminatis puberulis, squamulis hypogynis ovatis aris- tato-acuminatis.—Kunth, En. ìi. 318. (Gunn, 1497.) Has. Tasmania, Brown; Penquite, near Launceston, Gunn.— (Fl. winter.) DIsTRIB. Victoria. This is possibly the Z. squamata of Labillardiére, whose figure it closely resembles in habit and size, ete., but Brown describes the eulms of that plant, of which I have examined specimens in the British Museum, as plane on one surface, which these are not, and the leaves as shining at the base, which also is not the case with this plant. The present is the smallest of the Tasmanian flat-culmed species; it forms large tufts 12-18 inches high, with numerous, rigid, curved, very narrow leaves, and culms ¿1 inch broad, convex and striolate (not grooved) on both surfaces, and very minutely roughened at the margins. Panicle 1-14 inch long, young and imperfect in my specimens, sparingly branched, and few-flowered. 9. Lepidosperma globosa (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 16. t. 14); gracilis, 1—2-pedalis, foliis falcatis, cul- mis d rz poll. latis utrinque convexis marginibus scaberulis, spica pauciflora composita, ramis 4—5 alternis brevissimis 2-3-floris involucris partialibus brevioribus, spiculis parvis turgidis, squamis acuminatis, nucibus trigonis, squamulis hypogynis minimis.— Kun, En. ii. 318. Has. Recherche Bay, Labillardióre ; stony places near Brown's River, Oldfield. Very similar to L. linearis, but less rigid.— Leaves faleate, margins smooth, sheaths shining. Culm erect, 2015 inch broad, compressed, convex on both surfaces, margins scaberulous. Panicle, or rather, branched spike, the smallest and fewest-flowered of the flat-culmed section, not an’ inch long, erect, with three or four alternate, Cyperaceo.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 93 rather distant, short branches, each 4 inch long, bearing two or three spikelets, shorter than the bracts from whose axils they spring. Spikelets small, J inch long, close together. Scales acuminate. Nut trigonous, with very small hypogynous scales. 10. Lepidosperma squamata (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 17, t. 16); pedalis, foliis angustis strictiusculis culmisque subeequilongis +--> unc. latis utrinque convexiusculis et lineis profunde sulcatis notatis, vaginis nitidis, panicula ovata, ramis paucifloris.— Br. Prodr. 235; Kunth, En. ii. 318. Has. Tasmania, Zabillardiöre, Brown. I have no specimens of this, which I follow Brown in referring to Labillardiere's Z. squamata, though L. linearis, Br., appears to me more closely to resemble Labillardiŵre's figure. The present differs from Z. linearis chiefly in the shining sheaths of the leaves, and slender grooves on the leaves and culms. b. Oulm and leaves angled. 11, Lepidosperma tetragona (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 17. t. 17); culmo pedali obtuse angulato, foliis tetragonis, panicula coarctata, ramis parum divisis.— Br. Prodr. 235. An Kunth, En. ii. 819? L. aus- tralis, Nod. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 279. Vauthiera australis, 4. Rich. Fl. N, Zeal. 107. t. 20. Has. Recherche Bay, Zabillardiere. Distris. New Zealand. I have seen no Tasmanian specimens of this species, which I have described in the ‘Flora Nove Zelandie ’ as L. australis.—A tufted, rigid, almost leafless, Rush-like Sedge. Culms 1-13 foot high, quite smooth, irregularly three- or four-angled, compressed or tetraquetrous, striated. Sheaths with rigid, subulate, compressed, three- or four-angled, erect leaves, 2-8 inches long. Spikelets crowded, spiked or fascicled, pale-brown, forming a terminal, short, oblong capitulum 3 inch long. Bract shortly sheathing, with a subulate, erect point. Bracteoles mucro- nate, striate; scales six to eight, acuminate, terminal one with a single flower. Stamens and stigmas 3. Hypo- gynous scales six, connate into a six-lobed cup.—Kunth appears to have described Cladium junceum for this plant. c. Culm and leaves terete or nearly so. 12. Lepidosperma filiformis (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 17. t. 15); cespitosa, gracilis, 12-18-uncialis, culmis basi polyphyllis foliisque subfiliformis strictis erectis subcompressis, spica 2-3-flora involucro «equi- longa, spiculis anguste lanceolatis bracteolam aristatam subsequantibus, squamis lanceolatis acutis, sguamulis hypogynis subulatis.—Chapelliera pauciflora, Nees, fid. Mueller. (Gunn, 1439.) Has. Recherche Bay, Zabillardiere ; Arthur's Lakes, Gunn ; wet ground near Brown's River, O/d- Jield.— (F1. Feb.) DistriB. Victoria, near Mount Abrupt, Mueller. A perfectly smooth, very slender, tufted species, much resembling Cladium Gunnii, H.f., 12-18 inches high, with numerous slender, erect leaves at the base of the culm.— Leaves grooved down the front, terete or very slightly angular or compressed. Spike simple, 4-4 inch long, of two or three alternate, erect spikelets, arising from the axil of an erect, subulate, involucral leaf. Spikelet narrow, + inch long.—Mueller's specimens have an obscure groove down the culm as well as on the leaves; the nut is grey, obovate, trigonous, and the hypogynous scales are very minute. Gen. XI, OREOBOLUS, Br. Flos solitarius, glumis deciduis 2 inclusus. Perianthium e squamis 6 biseriatis cartilagineis, post lap- sum nucis pedunculo elongato persistens. Stamina 3. Stylus deciduus ; stigmatibus 3. Nus obovata, crustacea, apice areola depressa. — Planta humilis, rigida, cæspites convexos amplos in summis montibus efformans ; culmis divisis, foliis distiche equitantibus v. undique imbricatis dense vestitis; foliis lineari- VOL. HI. 2 B 94 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Cyperacee. subulatis, strictis, ensiformibus, basi dilatatis, vaginantibus equitantibusve; scapis axillaribus, brevibus, compressis, l-floris, post anthesin elongatis, rigidis, strictis. This remarkable genus is confined to the Andes, mountains of Fuegia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and Victoria, where its species form broad, dense, hard, cushion-like, bright-green patches, in bleak, open places.—Culms densely tufted, covered with the subulate leaves, which are equitant and distichous, or imbricating ; sheaths shining. Flowers minute, solitary, pedicelled, the pedicel elongating after flowering, and forming a rigid, persistent scape. Scales or involucral leaves two, opposite, enclosing the flower, deciduous. Perianth of six ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, coria- ceous, minute scales, in two series, within which the three stamens rise. Style simple at the base, deciduous, with three stigmata. Nut crustaceous, obovate, with a broad, depressed, areolar apex, longer than the perianth-scales, which are appressed to it, and do not fall away with it, but remain on the pedicel. (Name from opos, a mountain, and BoXos, a ball.) l. Oreobolus Pumilio (Br. Prodr. 237); foliis distichis, nuce trigona.—Kunth, En. i. 367. O. pectinatus, Nob. in Fl. Ant. i. 87.1.49; Fl. N. Zeal.i. 275. O. distichus, F. Muell. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. viii. 385. (Gunn, 1435.) : Has. Summits of all the mountains, alt. 3-5000 feet.— (Fl. J an.) (v. v.) DisrarB. Mount Hotham, Victoria, Mueller; mountains of New Zealand and Lord Auckland’s group. The leaves of the Tasmanian specimens are often shorter and blunter than the New Zealand and Victoria ones, but I find that they vary greatly, and I can discover no other difference. Gen. XII. CLADIUM, Br. Spicule parve, in paniculas spicasve divisas terminales dispositee, 1-3-floree, monosperme ` squamis undique imbricatis, plerisque vacuis. Syuamule hypogyn 0. Filamenta post anthesin non elongata. Nus trigona, apice bulboso-incrassata, rarius simplici.— Radix perennis; culmis erectis, simplicibus, foliisque teretibus angulatis v. ancipitibus ; panicula basi ramisque basi bracteatis ; bracteis interdum spathaceis. Tt is impossible to define what the limits of this genus should be, except by examining a vast number of Aus- tralian species, and Cyperacee of many countries, which are more or less allied to these, and which have on various grounds been removed from it, and referred to Chapelliera, Baumea, Vincentia, and other genera. The Tasmanian and all of the Australian species which I have examined, and which have been referred by Brown to Cladium, may be retained in that genus, for they form a sufficiently natural assemblage, most nearly allied to Lepidosperma, but differing in habit, in never having the sharp-edged cutting leaves and culms of that genus, in wanting the hypo- gynous scales attached to the base of the nut, and in having a thickened top to the nut in most species. As in Lepidosperma, the culms and leaves are flat and two-edged, or terete, or angled, but whereas the majority of Lepi- dosperme are two-edged, this is an exceptional character in Cladium. From Gahnia, Cladium is distinguished by its less rigid habit, and the filaments not being persistent; but C. Filum has the habit of Gahnia, and O. sche- noides has that of Lepidosperma linearis. About twenty Australian plants are known to me that I should refer to Cladium. (Name from xXaôos, a branch ; from the branched inflorescence of the European species.) a. Culms and leaves terete or angled. l. Cladium glomeratum (Br. Prodr. 237); culmis teretibus, foliis elongatis tereti-subulatis cau- linis abbreviatis, panicula coarctata, spiculis 2-3-floris fasciculatis congestisve, fasciculis paniculatis, brac- teis spathaceis, squamis ovatis acuminatis ciliolatis dorso scaberulis, nuce ovato-trigona levi.—Kunth, En. i. 304; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 275. Cladium dubium, Nees, Sieb. Agrost. n. 5. (Gunn, 1013, 1398.) Has. Abundant in clayey, sandy, and moist places generally.— (Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) - Cyperacea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 95 Disrgis. New South Wales and Victoria ; New Zealand. Culms stout, tufted, 2 feet high, glabrous, terete, not jointed, soft, with several leaves at the base, and one or more above. Leaves terete, subulate. Panicle contracted, 2-4 inches long, with membranous, spathaceous bracts. Spikelets very numerous, fascicled, with dark, red-brown scales. Nut three-angled, polished. 2. Cladium laxiflorum (Hook. fil.) ; culmis teretibus, foliis elongatis tereti-subulatis caulinis nullis, panicula breviuscula subramosa pauciflora, spiculis subalternis unifloris, squamis ovato-lanceolatis acutis glabris, bracteis subspathaceis, nuce obovoidea turgida apice vix incrassata. (Tas. CXLVIIL A.) Has. Swamps near New Norfolk, Oldfield. This very distinct species resembles the Australian C. glomeratum, Br., in the terete culms and radical leaves, but it is smaller, has no leaf on the sheath or the culm, and the inflorescence is very different. Panicle 14-2 inches long, of three or four few-flowered branches, arising from spathaceous, long, acuminate bracts. Spikelets small, few, not fascicled. Scales pale red-brown, quite glabrous, acute. Nut broadly obovoid, somewhat trigonous, with an obscurely thickened, grooved, blunt apex.—PrATE CXLVIII. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil; 4, nut :—all magnified. 3. Cladium junceum (Br. Prodr. 237); aphyllum, culmis gracilibus strictis teretibus basi et sub apice vaginatis, vaginis ungue brevi verticali lateraliter compresso terminatis, spiculis spicatis paucis sub- geminis sessilibus unifloris, squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis dorso scaberulis, muce trigona obovoidea apice incrassata hemispheerica puberula.—Kunth, En. ii. 304. Lepidosperma striata, Herb. Mus. Brit. et Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 219, non Br. (Gunn, 969.) Has. Abundant in wet, sandy, and heathy places in the northern parts of the Island.—(Fl. Nov., Dec.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, and New Zealand. A densely tufted, slender, wiry species, with long, stout, sheathed runners, recognized at once by the terete, naked, leafless culms, which bear at the base a long appressed sheath, terminated by a short, laterally flattened, sickle-shaped claw or leaflet. The inflorescence is a very short, simple, or sparingly branched, few-flowered spike, about an inch long.—I erroneously referred this plant to Lepidosperma striata in the “New Zealand Flora,’ from finding it so named in the British Museum Herbarium. 4. Cladium Gunnii (Hook. fil.) ; culmis nudis gracillimis strictis foliisque paucis »quilongis tereti- bus levibus basi vaginatis, vaginis appressis obtusis, panicula gracili, ramis 1-floris brevibus alternis remotis, bracteis aristatis, squamis lanceolatis acutis glabris, nuce levi ovoidea breve stipitata obscure tricostata apice in mamillam crassam abeunte supra basin subconstricta.—Gahnia sulcata, Mueller? (Gunn, 1498.) (Tas. CXLVIII. 2.) Has. Near Formosa, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) Disrris. ? Victoria, Mueller. Culms quite leafless above, very slender, terete, wiry, densely tufted, 1-2 feet high. eaves as long as the culms, also terete, subulate. Sheaths red, long, with acute apices. Panicle 1-3 inches long, very slender, simple, few-flowered, with erect, alternate, rather short branches, arising from small, aristate bracts, and bearing one or two small spikelets. Scales pale red-brown, linear-lanceolate, acute. Nut turgid, with a short pedicel, obscurely con- stricted above the base, its sides smooth and polished, dark-brown, with three obscure ridges; apex thickened, but not conspicuously so.—This is very nearly allied indeed to Gahnia sulcata, Mueller, if it be not the same plant; but it is more slender, and the branches of the panicle are shorter.—PraATE CXLVIII. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower ; 3, pistil; 4, nut :—all magnified. 5. Cladium tetraquetrum (Hook. fil.) ; robustum, culmis vaginatis compressis, foliis radicalibus acute 96 FLORA OF TASMANIA. — | Cyperacee. tetraquetris compressis, caulino lamina brevi ensiformi, panicula subcoarctata composita, spiculis congestis, squamis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis ciliatis, nuce turgida subtrigona rugosa mamilla conica terminata. (Gunn, 1396, 1399.) (Tas. CXLIX.) Has. Common in moist places throughout the Island.— (Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) DrsrRrB. New South Wales and Victoria. Culms 18 inches to 2 feet high, robust, terete, compressed, and obscurely four-angled. Radical leaves nume- rous, stout, curved, rigid, acutely tetraquetrous, with striated faces. Panicle contracted, 2-3 inches long, of nume- rous, congested, dark red-brown, shining spikelets. Scales ciliated. Nut rugose.—PrATE CXLIX. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, scale and flower; 3, pistil; 4, nut :—all magnified. b. Culms flattened. | 6. Cladium scheenoides (Br. Prodr. 237); culmis aphyllis foliisque equitantibus plano-compressis levibus, vaginis imberbibus, spica subcomposita, spiculis 1-floris fasciculatis lanceolatis, squamis anguste lanceolatis glaberrimis, nuce obovoidea trigona apice truncata.—Kunth, En. i. 305. Schomus acutus, Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 18. t. 18. (Gunn, 1397.) Has. Dry heathy places: Circular Head, Gunn; Cheshunt, Archer; New Norfolk, Oldfield.— (Fl. Nov.) Disrgis. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. Much the smallest Tasmanian species, about a span high; very similar to Lepidosperma globosa and linearis.— Rhizome stout, creeping, scaly. Leaves equitant, all radical, compressed, almost flat, longer than the culm, which is also compressed, and of about equal breadth (2; inch). Panicle simple, 1 inch long; the branches, being few, short, and bearing fascicles of sessile spikelets, give it almost the appearance of a spike. c. Culms terete. Leaves plane or involute. 7. Cladium Filum (Br. Prodr. 237); culmis teretibus foliosis, foliis involutis apice filiferis culmum superantibus, panicula elongata coarctata foliosa, bracteis longissime aristatis foliosisve, spiculis dense glo- meratis, glomerulis alternis, squamis ovato-acuminatis exterioribus aristatis triandris v. tetrandris, nuce lineari trigona apice simplici acuta.—Kunth, En. ii. 305; an Nees in Plant. Preiss. ii. 87? Schenus Filum, Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 18. t. 19. Has. Abundant in clay-soil about Hobarton and elsewhere.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DisrnrB. South-eastern Australia. Culms terete, leafy, 2—4 feet high. Leaves very long, slender, involute, slightly scabrous at the margins, with long, black sheaths. Panicle 3-8 inches long, slender, of alternate glomeruli an inch long, consisting of numerous crowded spikelets. Scales ovate-lanceolate; outer aristate; inner acuminate. Stamens three (four according to Brown). Nut pale, linear, trigonous, mucronate. 8. Cladium Mariscus (Br. Prodr. 236); culmo elato tereti levi folioso, foliis planiusculis carina marginibusque asperis, panicula decomposita foliosa, spiculis capitato-glomeratis, floribus 3-andris, nuce elliptico-ovoidea mucronata.— Eng. Bot. t. 950; Kunth, En. ii. 303. ; Has. Tasmania, Brown. Disrrı. Australia, Polynesia, India, Europe, America, Africa? (A native of England.) I have sedi 20 Tasmanian specimens of this very widely-diffused species. It may be readily known by its very leafy Wë scabrous keel and margins of leaves, much widely branched panicle, with divaricating branches, and the subcapitate, pale-brown spikelets.— Nuts pale-brown, with an acuminate apex. Cyperacee. | | - FLORA OF TASMANIA. 97 Gen. XIII. GAHNIA, Forst. Spicule parve, 1-flore, in paniculam terminalem ramosam sepe effusam disposite ; squamis undique imbricatis, intima minima florem involvente. Filamenta 9, 4 v. 6, post anthesin elongata, persistentia. Nux obtuse trigona; stigmatibus divisis indivisisve.— Herbs rigide, erecta ` culmis foliosis; foliis involutis, longe acuminatis. : A genus of erect, coarse, rigid, leafy Sedges, chiefly natives of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, but there are a few Malayan and Pacific Island species. It is very closely allied to Cladium, but differs in the elon- gated, persistent filaments, by which the nut is often suspended after it has fallen away from the spikelet.—Nut very hard, obscurely trigonous; apex thickened; inner walls in some species grooved transversely, in others very slightly so, or quite even. Styles three, undivided or branched. (Named in honour of Dr. Henry Gahn, a Swedish botanist.) $ 1. LAMPOCARYA.— Seed not transversely grooved. l. Gahnia trifida (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 89. t. 116) ; foliis bracteisque asperis apice longe filiformibus, panicula coarctata interrupta, spiculis dense capitato-congestis, squamis longe acuminatis, staminibus 3, stigmatibus indivisis, nuce atra obtuse trigona obovoidea mucronata, semine levi.—Lampocarya hexandra, Br. Prodr. 238. (Gunn, 335.) Has. Tasmania, Labillardióre, Gunn. DisrRrB. South-eastern Australia. I have a very small Tasmanian fragment of this plant, gathered by Gunn, but excellent ones collected in Vic- toria (as Cladium Filum) by Mueller. The short, obovoid, black nut, and the long filaments of the stamens, which vary from three to four and six, distinguish it from Cladium Filum, which it most closely resembles in many respects. — have restored this plant to Gahnia, where Labillardiere placed it, the genus Lampocarya appearing to me to be untenable, some plants being quite intermediate in characters between it and Gahnia. The present species further unites Gahnia with Cladium, through C. Filum. None of my specimens are hexandrous, as Labillardiöre’s appear to have been, whence Brown gave it the specific name of hezandra. $ 2. GAHNIA.—JNuf osseous. Seed transversely grooved. 2. Gahnia psittacorum (Lab. Nov. Holl. i. 89. t. 115); culmo robusto elato, foliis scabridis echinulatisve, panicula elongata interrupta decomposita atra, squamis plurimis obtusis, filamentis 6 corru- gatis, stigmatibus bifidis, nucibus obovoideis rubris nitidis apice areola sphacelata, semine transverse sulcato. — Br. Prodr. 238. (Gunn, 982.) Has. Abundant in forest land, etc., throughout the Island.—(Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) DrsrRiB. New South Wales and Victoria. A tall, very handsome Sedge, 4-8 feet high, forming large clumps, extremely dangerous from the severe ragged cuts its coarse, sharply scabrid foliage inflicts if drawn across the hand; easily known by its great size, stout, solid, cylindrical culms, as thick at the base as the middle finger, long leaves, and long black panicle of innumerable spikelets, which have black, blunt, closely imbricated scales, six long, crumpled, twisted filaments, and bright red, polished nuts. : 3. Gahnia melanocarpa (Br. Prodr. 239); culmo gracili, foliis culmum superantibus echinulatis, panicula breviuscula coarctata ramosa, squamis acutis, staminibus 3, stigmatibus indivisis, nucibus atris. (Gunn, 1400.) Has. Tasmania, Brown ; near Hobarton, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Distrıs. New South Wales and Victoria. VOL, II, 98 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. I have only seen two specimens of this species, both rather immature.—It is a small plant, 2-3 feet high, with slender stems, very long, involute leaves, as sharply roughened on the surface as those of @. psittacorum, and a small, contracted, brown panicle. Seales all acute. Stamens three. Gen. XIV. CAUSTIS, Br. Spieule 1-2-fore, paniculatee ; squamis undique imbricatis, intima florem involvente. Filamenta 3-5, brevia. JVuz ventricosa, basi bulbosa, rostrata; stylis bi-trifidis ; semine levi.—Herbe dure, arde, rigide, Jaeie Restiacearum ; eulmis aphyllis, ramosis, semiteretibus, vaginatis; vaginis integris; ramis sepe spha- eelatis, hine in mucronem concolorem subulatum productis, ultimis foliiformibus; paniculis axillaribus termi- nalibusque, peduneulatis ; pedunculis vagina inclusis. An Australian genus of very remarkable-looking plants, resembling Restiacee from having semiterete, leafless stems and branches, and discoloured sheaths. About four species are known to me, all of them natives of Aus- tralia.—Rhizome very stout and woody. Culms much branched, rigid; branches often curved, the terminal ending in subulate points. Spikelets one-flowered, in branched, peduneled, axillary and terminal panicles, whose pedun- cles are enclosed in the sheaths. Outer scales larger than the inner, imbricated all round, acuminate; upper alone bearing one hermaphrodite flower. Stamens 3-5, included. Nut terminated by the bulbous base of the style. (Derivation of name unknown to me.) l. Caustis pentandra (Br. Prodr. 239) ; rhizomate crasso repente squamoso, culmis e basi ramosis, ramis curvis rigidis semiteretibus, squamis apice subulatis, staminibus 5. (Gunn, 1449.) Has. Sandy heaths: in the northern parts of the Island, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec. ?) DisrarB. New South Wales and Victoria. Gen. XV. CAREX, Z. (Auctore el. F. Boott, M.D.) Spicule amentiformes (v. flores spicati), unisexuales v. androgynee; squame 1-flores, undique imbri- cate. Flores unisexuales. Masc. Perianthium 0. Stamina 3. Fam. Perianthium (perigynium) utri- culus compressus, apice contractus, ore coarctato. Stigmata 2-8, exserta: Nux perianthio aucto inclusa.— Herbe pleraque foliose, gramine, perennes; culmis sepius triquetris; spicis amentisve paniculatis, rarius solitariis. One of the largest genera of flowering plants, containing upwards of six hundred species, found in all parts of the globe, especially abounding in temperate countries and subalpine districts; some of the species have very wide ranges. Nearly twenty Australian and Tasmanian species have been investigated by my friend Dr. Boott, who has made this fine genus his especial study, and who alone has an intimate knowledge of its species and their distri- bution; he has favoured me with descriptions of the Tasmanian ones, as he did with the Antarctic and New Zealand species.— The genus Carex may be known by its panicled, rarely solitary, amentiform spikelets of imbri- cating, one-flowered scales. These spikelets are unisexual, or bear both male and female flowers, but on different parts. Male flowers of three stamens; female of a compressed ovary, with two or three stigmas enclosed in a utrieular perianth, from whose contracted mouth the stigmas project. (Name of unknown derivation.) $ a. Spike solitary, simple. Le Carex Archeri (Boott) ; spica simplici triflora ! androgyna apice inconspicue mascula fusco-pur- purea; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis elliptico-lanceolatis obtuse triquetris sensim cylindrico-rostratis, ore inte- gro, nervis marginalibus superne dentatis, squama ovato-lanceolata ferruginea margine hyalina infima folii- formi plus minus elongata latioribus duplo vel foliis triplo brevioribus.—(Areher, n. 71.) (Tas. CLV. A.) Cyperacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 99 Has. Cuming’s Head, Archer. Culmus foliaque capillacea. Spica floseulo masculo unico, et foemineis 2 contiguis. Sguama mascula lan- ceolata, involuta. Stamina 3.—Ad O. Backii accedit. A very small, slender plant, 4-6 inches high, with a solitary, minute, three-flowered, androgynous spike.— PLaTE CL. 4. Fig. 1, spike; 2, male scale and stamen; 3, female ditto and perigynium; 4, perigynium :—all magnified. $ b. Spike compound, composed of severa? androgynous spikelets. Stigmas 2. * Spikelets with male flowers below. 2. Carex inversa (Br. Prodr. 242); spiculis 2-3 (rarius 1) androgynis basi masculis obovatis arcte contiguis pallidis longe bracteatis ; perigyniis ovalibus rostratis bidentatis superne margine acutis serratis nervosis appressis, squamam ovatam acuminatam cuspidatam subeguantibus; stigmatibus 2.—Boott in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 281; Boott, Ill. Carex, ined. Has. Grassy pastures, South Esk River, etc.; probably not uncommon. DisrRrB. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River; New Zealand. A very slender species, with smooth, filiform culms, 6-9 inches long, and very narrow leaves. Bracts 2-4 inches long. Spikelets one to three, pale, small. ** Spikelets with male flowers at top. 3. Carex appressa (Br. Prodr. 242); spica oblonga vel elongata plus minus compacta basi ra- mosa, e spiculis numerosissimis parvis apice masculis; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis ovatis vel orbiculatis rostratis bifidis, e medio sursum anguste alatis serratis nervatis, squama ovata acuta vel mucronata latiori- bus longioribusque.—J7. Antarct. i. 91; Boott, Ill. Carex, t. 119, 120. (Gunn, 574, 769, 985, 1405.) Has. Abundant in open forest land, etc.—(Fl. Nov.) DisrRis. New South Wales, Victoria, Swan River, Lord Auckland's Islands. A stout, rigid, harsh species, with culms 1-5 feet in height, and a spike varying in its length and density, more or less branched, and with many spikelets having the male flowers at top. 4. Carex chlorantha (Br. Prodr. 242) ; spica oblongo-capitata, e spiculis 6-8 pluribusve ovalibus androgynis apice masculis congestis vel inferioribus discretis breve bracteatis composita; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis (floriferis) ovatis rostratis, ore membranaceo antice altius secto marginibus serratis, squama lan- ceolata cinnamomea margine late albo-hyalina angustioribus brevioribus. (Gunn, 579.) (Tas. CL. B.) Has. Northern parts of the Island, in pastures, etc., and probably common elsewhere, Gunn, Archer. — (Fl. Nov.) : DısrtrıB. New South Wales and Victoria. Culms 6-9 inches high, rigid, with sharp angles, rough. Leaves 4-1 line broad, shorter than the culm. Spike capitate, of six or eight crowded spikelets, 8-10 lines long, and 3-4 broad.—PrATE CL. B. Fig. 1, male scale and flower; 2, female ditto; 3, perigynium :—all magnified. | $ c. Spikes several, simple, unisezual. 5 * Stigmas 2. 5. Carex Gaudichaudiana (Kunth, En. ii. 417) ; spicis 3-6 ovatis oblongis vel cylindraceis erectis, mascula purpurea pedunculata spe altera breviore sessili ad basin sita, femineis 24 evaginatis glauces- centibus purpureo pictis, superioribus vel omnibus apice masculis contiguis sessilibus vel infima remota ` pedunculata quandoque basi attenuato-laxiflora; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis ovatis vel elliptico-lanceolatis compressis rostellatis, ore integro sepius emarginato rarissime bifurcato valide nervatis glauco-viridibus 100 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. demum ferrugineo-punctatis, sguama oblonga vel lanceolata subacuta mutica rarius mucronata purpurea margine albida nervo pallido latioribus longioribusque.—C. cespitosa, Br. Prodr.! 943. (Gunn, 416, 959, 1407, 1410.) (Tas. CLI. A.) Has. Lowland and mountain localities: abundant; Lake St. Clair and Marlborough, South Esk.— (Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) DIsTRIB. New South Wales. Variat altitudine culmi, 2-24 poll.; spicis abbreviatis, ovatis vel elongatis, 3 lin.-23 poll. longis, 2-4 lin. latis; perigyniis ovatis, latioribus, vel lanceolatis, angustioribus, 1,5,—2,4, lin. longis, 2-13, lin. latis; ore sepius emarginato (in unam specimine e Tasmania bifurcato); squamis obtusis, muticis, rarius nervo excurrente mucronatis. Stigmata 2, vel in speciminibus (Hunter's River, Wilkes) stigmata 2 et 3.—Ad C. vulgarem, Fries, accedens. Differt perigyniis crebre valide plurinerviis demum ferrugineo-maculatis, squamis subinde mucronatis.— PraTE CLI. 4. Fig. 1, male scale and flower; 2, female ditto; 3, perigynium :—all magnified. ** Stigmas 3. 6. Carex barbata (Boott, Illust. Carex, t. 187) ; spicis 4-5 ovalibus vel oblongis gracilibus fusco- purpureis erectis contiguis, terminali mascula sessili, reliquis foemineis, superioribus sessilibus evaginatis, infima subremota inserte vel subexserte pedunculata; bractea infima culmum longe superante; stigma- tibus 3; perigyniis ellipticis acute triquetris emarginato-bidentatis superne vel ore marginibusque scabris punctis resinosis ferrugineis notatis pallide castaneis leviter nervatis, squama ovata acuta mucronata vel obtusa mutica apice ciliata purpurea medio pallida carina scabra duplo longioribus. (Gunn, 1407, 1415.) Has. Woolnorth; Derwent River, New Norfolk, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Culmus subpedalis. Folia 1-13 lin. lata, culmo breviora, plana. Spice 4-9 lin. longe, 1-2 lin. late. Peri- gynium 1-5. lin. longum, 3 lin. latum. 7. Carex Gunniana (Boott, Linn. Trans. xx. 143; Illust. Carex, t. 185) ; spicis 4—5 oblongis vel cylindraceis erectis, terminali mascula clavata sessili straminea, reliquis foemineis pallide flavescenti-viridibus, superioribus 1-2 sessilibus masculz arcte contiguis, inferioribus exserte pedunculatis, infima remota seepe nutante ; bracteis superioribus culmo longioribus; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis elliptico-ovatis trigonis sensim acuminato-rostratis bidentatis ventricosis nervatis superne ad margines scabris flavescenti-viridibus demum punctis nigrescentibus maculatis, squama late ovata acuta vel obtusa plus minus hispido-cuspidata ferru- ginea longioribus. (Gunn, 578.) Has. Tasmania, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. Victoria, Mueller. Culmus 1-2-ped., levis. Folia 2-4 lin. lata, culmo longiora, plana. Spica mascula 5-15 lin. longa, 1-2 lin. lata, sepius obliqua; fæmineæ 5-18 lin. longe, 3-4 lin. late. Perigynium 2-28, lin. longum, 1 lin. latum. 8. Carex littorea (Lab. Nov. Holl. ii. t. 219); spicis 8-6 oblongis vel cylindricis ferrugineo-pur- pureis, masculis 1-4 gracilibus, fcemineis crassis longe bracteatis, infima brevi exserte pedunculata ; stigma- tibus 3; perigyniis turgide ovatis late rostellatis subbifurcatis basi contractis leviter nervatis glabris crasse spongiosis rubro-ferrugineis, squama ovata acuta vel cuspidata purpurea margine albo-hyalina duplo longio- ribus.—Br. Prodr. 243; Boott in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 284. C. Urvillei, Brong. / ; Kunth, En. ii. 517. (Gunn, 978.) Haz. Sandy shores of the Island ; common.—(Fl. Dec.) (v.v.) Distri. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, J apan ? This is probably the C. pumila, Th., of Japan. The rhizome creeps extensively in the sand, and the leaves and long bracts are rigid, with long, attenuated, curved extremities. Cyperacee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 101 9. Carex cataractee (Br. Prodr. 242); spicis 4-6 parvis densifloris congestis, terminali mascula vel apice mascula sessili, reliquis foemineis flavis subrotundis longe bracteatis, infima sepe remota brevi exserte pedunculata; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovalibus turgidis recte rostratis bidentatis, ore pallido membranaceo facile rupto, nervosis glabris vel rostro apice dentato divergentibus inferioribus recurvatis, squama ovata obtusa fulva margine albo-hyalina nervo viridi longioribus. (Gunn, 1411.) (Tas. CLI. B.) Has. Alpine marshes: Arthur's Lakes, Marlborough, Lake St. Clair, etc., Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Jan.) The culms are often only 2 or 3, or from 6-12 inches high. The generally compact yellow spicule are fur- nished with long bracts, and the upper ones occasionally have male flowers at top. It is scarcely distinguishable from O. flava, L., a very variable species.—PrATE CLI. B. Fig. 1, scale and male flower; 2, ditto and female flower; 3, perigynium :—all magnified. 10. Carex fascicularis (Soland. MSS.); spicis 5 cylindricis pedunculatis, terminali omnino vel rarius basi mascula, reliquis femineis seepe apice sterilibus nutantibus vel demum pendulis evaginatis vel infima remota longe exserte pedunculata; bracteis inferioribus longissimis ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovatis longe stipitatis cylindrico-rostratis obtuse trigonis bicuspidatis nervosis divergentibus demum recurvatis, squama lanceolata hispido-aristata castanea medio pallida scabra longioribus (arista) brevioribus.—Boo£t in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 283; Boott, Ill. Carex, t. 139, 140. C. Pseudocyperus, Br. Prodr. 243. (Gunn, 332.) Has. Common in marshy situations.—(Fl. Dec.) (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, Swan River, New Zealand. This forms large tufts of long, pale-green, grassy foliage, like the European C. Pseudocyperus, which it closely resembles. The culms are 2-3 feet high, with four or five spikes, which, when pendulous, have the perigynia re- curved. The lower bracts are very long. 11. Carex breviculmis (Br. Prodr. 242); spicis 3-5 parvis oblongis contiguis sessilibus albo-viri- dibus, terminali mascula, reliquis foemineis seepe apice masculis bracteatis; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ellip- ticis triquetris utrinque subattenuatis emarginatis nervosis viridibus pubescentibus, squama alba nervo viridi ovata longe cuspidata brevioribus.— Boot in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 283. t. 63. Has. Tasmania, Guan; Cheshunt, Archer. DIsTRIB. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand. A short, densely tufted, leafy species, with culms 1-3 inches high, the pale-green spikes concealed among the leaves, which are from 2-10 inches long, and 1-2 lines broad. It is distinguished by its pubescent perigynia. 12. Carex longifolia (Br. Prodr. 242) ; spica longissima, e spiculis pluribus cylindricis stramineis, masculis 2-4, infima sepe subremota exserte pedunculata, faemineis fasciculatis 2-5-natis remotis longis- sime exserte pedunculatis pendulis; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ellipticis utrinque attenuatis plano-triquetris rostratis bifidis nervatis margine serratis, squama obtusissima rotundata vel emarginata mucronata angus- tioribus longioribusque.—Boott, Ill. Carex, ined. (Gunn, 333, 1406.) Var. 8. minor; spicis 6 singulis brevibus, foliis abbreviatis.— Booft, Ill. Carex, ined. Has. Derwent River, at New Norfolk, and South Esk River, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. A tall species, remarkable for its fascicled spikelets on long pendulous peduncles, the spikelets occasionally only fertile in the middle. The variety is probably only a young seedling state. 13. Carex Bichenoviana (Boott, MSS.); spica elongata fusco-purpurea, e spiculis oblongis vel cylindricis numerosis, superioribus congestis sessilibus masculis omnibus simplicibus vel inferioribus apice masculis remotis breve pedunculatis evaginatis basi compositis, infima simplici; bracteis inferioribus culmum YOL. II. 2 D 102 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Cyperacee. longe superantibus ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovatis bicuspidatis glabris, squama lanceolata aristata bre- vioribus. (Gunn, 1415.) Has. Woolnorth, Gunn. Too young for a definite character, but a very distinct species. —Culm 2 feet high, rigid, smooth; inflorescence a foot long. Bracts very long and slender, the lower 2 feet ! Spikelets cylindrical, of a fine brown-purple colour, evaginate. Gen. XVI. UNCINIA, Pers. Spice terminales, solitarie, androgynee. Squame undique imbricate, 1-flore. Flores unisexuales. Masc. superiores. Perianthium 0. Stamina 3. Fam. Perianthium (perigynium) utriculus compressus, apice contractus, persistens, arista hypogyna exserta hamata. Stigmata 2-3, exserta. Nur perianthio aucto inclusa.—Herbx habitu Caricis. A remarkable genus, confined almost wholly to the southern hemisphere, not infrequent in South America, both tropical and temperate. Eleven species are found in New Zealand, and four in Tasmania, whereof two have been detected in the Australian continent. Uncinia is very nearly allied to Carex, but differs from most species of that genus in the solitary spike, and most conspicuously in the erect bristle, hooked at the apex, which, arising from close to the base of the ovary, projects from the mouth of the perigynium. A similar organ, but not hooked at the top, is found in many species of Carex, as Dr. Boott informs me; it is an elongation of the axis, and shows that the so-called perianthium or perigynium is not a floral organ, but a bract, or rather two connate bracts placed right and left to the axis, like the double upper palea of Grasses.—I am indebted to Dr. Boott for the descrip- tions of the species. (Name from oyxwos, a small hook.) l. Uncinia tenella (Br. Prodr. 241); spica parva ovali laxa albo-viridi apice parce mascula ple- rumque nuda; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis lanceolatis triquetris enerviis glabris viridibus, squama lanceolata acuta alba nervo viridi decidua paulo longioribus. (Gunn, 97 5.) (Tas. CLIT. 4.) Has. Moist woods at Hobarton and Black River, etc., Gunn ; Western Mountains, Archer. DisrRiB. Victoria. : Dense ezspitosa. Culmus 3-6-pollicaris, levis, setaceus. Folia setacea, scabra, culmum subeequantia. Spica 3-5 lin. longa, 14 lin. lata, apice inconspicue mascula. Squame conformes : infima rarius foliacea, spica plus duplo longior. Perigynium 1-8; lin. longum, -% lin. latum. Achenium conforme, 3% lin. longum, „* lin. latum, trique- trum, castaneum. A very soft, delicate species, growing in dense tufts, with setaceous culms and leaves. Mr. Gunn says it grows on stones and dead trees, among Mosses and Jungermannie, in dark, dry forests, where few other plants thrive.—PraTE CLII. 4. Fig. 1, male scale and flower; 2, female ditto and perigynium :—both magnified. 2. Uncinia riparia (Br.); spica elongata filiformi laxiuscula albo-viridi, apice parce mascula; stig- matibus 3; perigyniis anguste lanceolatis subnervosis glaberrimis viridibus, squama lanceolata subacuta carinata viridi $ longioribus. (Tas. CLII. B.) Has. Tasmania, Brown ; Cuming's Head, Archer.—(Fl. Dec.) A very slender species, 1-14 foot high.— Leaves slightly scabrous, narrow, flat, as long as or longer than the culm. Spike 2-4 inches long, very slender; flowers rather distant. Scales lanceolate, narrow, subacute, keeled, green, with pale margins. Perigynia very long, narrow-lanceolate, smooth, nerved, considerably longer than the scale.—PLATE CLII. B. Fig. 1, male scale and flower; 2, female ditto and perigynium; 3, perigynium :—all magnified. 3. Uncinia nervosa (Boott, MSS.) ; spica ovali densa nuda e viridi ferruginea; perigyniis lineari- Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 103 lanceolatis, ore integro obliquo, viridibus nervatis glabris, squama lanceolata subacuta ferruginea medio pallida nervosa, superne albo-hyalina angustioribus longioribusque.—Boott. (Tas. CLIIT. A.) Has. Tasmania, Guan (mixed with U. tenella). Culmus 4-poll.?, levis, gracilis. Folia filiformia, firma, culmum subequantia. Spica 6 lin. longa, 2 lin. lata, apice subdimidiatim mascula. Sguame conformes: mascule angustiores. Perigynium 245, lin. longum, j lin. latum.—Boott.—PLATE CLIII. 4. Fig. 1, male scale and flower; 2, female ditto; 3, perigynium :—all magnified. 4. Uncinia compacta (Br. Prodr. 241); spica oblonga ferruginea nuda vel bracteata, apice plus minus mascula basi demum laxiflora; perigyniis oblongo-ellipticis triquetris viridibus, ore albo obliquo, nervatis, squama ovato-lanceolata acuta ferruginea concolori brevioribus vel equantibus. (Gunn, 1408.) (Tas. CLIII. P.) Has. Summit of Mount Wellington, Gunn ; Western Mountains, Archer. Culmus 4-12 poll., triqueter, levis, rigidus. Folia 1-13 lin. lata, culmo breviora, plana, firma. Spica 8-15 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, apice ssepe dimidiatim mascula. Sguamæ conformes: infima sepius setaceo-cuspidata, rarius spica longior. Perigynium 2-2; lin. longum, $; lin. latum. Achenium 1435 lin. longum, + lin. latum, ine- qualiter triquetrum, castaneum, basi styli incrassata. (Boott.)—Prare CLIII. B. Fig. 1, male scale and flower; 2, female ditto; 3, perigynium :—all magnified. Nar. Ong». XVI. GRAMINE. This extensive and important Natural Order is very scantily represented in Australia, where (including Tasmania) only about 350 species have been found; hence, though one of the largest natural family of Monocotyledons, it here but little exceeds Cyperacea in numbers, and is very much smaller than Legumi- nose, Myrtacez, Composite, or Proteacez. Altogether the Grasses form less than one-twentieth of the whole flowering plants of this part of the globe, a very much smaller proportion than they do in any other country of equal area. The Order varies much in relative numbers to other plants in the different quarters of the continent, the Tasmanian proportion rising to one-sixteenth of the flowering plants of that Island. The Swan River proportion is very much smaller, and the tropical greater. In the determination of the Tasmanian Graminea, I have received very great assistance from my friend Colonel W. Munro, through whose remarkable knowledge of this difficult and extensive Order of plants, many of my doubts and perplexities have been solved. Gen. I. TETRARRHENA, Br. Glume parve, 3-flore ; floribus distiche imbricatis, inferioribus neutris l-paleatis, terminali herma- phrodito. Palea fl. neutr. inf. ovato-elliptica, truncata, carinato-concava ; Jf. sup. palex fl. hermaph. con- formis. FZ. hermaph. :—Palea 2, naviculares ; inferior ovato-oblonga apice rotundata emarginata ; superior minor, l-nervis. Sguamule 2, glabre. Stamina 4. Caryopsis compressa, libera, paleis obtecta.—Folia plana; spicule racemose v. spicata. — i New Holland and Tasmanian Grasses, with slender, simple or branched culms, flat leaves, and spiked or racemose inflorescence.—Spikelets of three flowers, imbricated on opposite sides of the rachis. Glumes two very small scales. Two lower flowers neuter; the lowest with one ovate, concave palea; upper neuter flower with one palea like that of the terminal flower. Upper flower hermaphrodite. Palee two, boat-shaped ; lower ovate-oblong, blunt, notched at the apex; upper smaller, one-nerved. Scales two, alternate with the palew. Stamens four. Ovary sessile. Caryopsis enclosed in the persistent pales. (Name from rerpa four, and appyv, a male; in allusion to the four stamens.) TA 104 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Graminee. 1. Tetrarrhena distichophylla (Br. Prodr. 210); rigida, scaberula et pilosa, culmis basi ramosis cespitosis foliosis, foliis distichis brevibus strictis planis concavisve vaginisgue sulcatis ore ciliatis, spiculis scabris pilosis laxe imbricatis inferioribus pedicellatis, paleis nervosis, floris infimi hermaphrodito multo breviore.—Ehrharta distichophylla, Zab. Nov. Holt. i. 90. t. 117. (Gunn, 1473.) Haz. Dry woods, probably common: Hobarton and Penquite, @unn.—(Fl. Nov.) A very harsh, rigid, tufted Grass, a span to a foot high, variable in size, very rough to the touch, also covered with short, spreading hairs.—Oulms ascending, of many short branches, and a few long flowering ones, some of them prostrate, and covered with sheaths. Leaves more or less closely imbricated, distichous, strict and rigid, flat or concave, deeply grooved; sheaths hairy at the mouth; blade 4-14 inch long. Flowering culm leafy to the top. Spike 4-2 inches long, erect; lower spikelets pedicelled. Spikelets scabrid and pubescent, blunt, $ inch long. Glumes and lower palea short, broad, blunt. 2. Tetrarrhena tenacissima (Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 409) ; scabrida, culmis elon- gatis flexuosis intertextis laxe foliosis ad nodos ramosis, foliis planis, vaginis ore ciliatis, culmis floriferis gra- cilibus, spiculis glabris, glumis obtusis nervosis, paleis obtusis inferiore ceteris 4 breviore.—T. contexta, Mueller, MSS. (Gunn, 987.) (Tas. CLIV.) Has. Moist places, near the sea, at Black River (north-west coast), Gunn. Distris. Victoria, Cape Otway, south-east coast of Australia. A very remarkable Grass, climbing over bushes with its flexuous, branching culms, 6-7 feet long.— Whole plant very scabrid. Culms deeply furrowed. Leaves remote, with long sheaths, hairy at the mouth and blades, 1-13 inch long. Spikes 1 inch long, of eight to ten distichous, smooth spikelets on a flexuous rachis, terminating the slender upper part of the culm. ` GZumes blunt, nerved; lower palea blunt, itself as long as the upper, which are also blunt, and 2 lines long.—PrATE CLIV. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, hermaphrodite flower; 3, ovary and squa- mule :—all magnified. 3. Tetrarrhena acuminata (Br. Prodr. 210); culmis decumbentibus, foliis brevibus vaginisque glabris, spica oblonga 4-8, spiculis lanceolatis, palea inferiore nervosa acuminata, superiore breviore trun- cata. Has. Tasmania, Brown; Longford, Archer.—(Fl. Nov.) Distr. Victoria. A slender, much branched species.—Culms decumbent, about 6-12 inches high. Leaves short, 1-3 inches long, glabrous. Spike oblong, of four to eight large, lanceolate spikelets. Palea strongly striate; outer acumi- nate; inner shorter, truncate. . Gen. II. MICROLANA, Br. Glume minime, 3-flore, floribus remote ; floribus approximatis, stipitatis, stipite barbato, inferioribus neutris 1-paleatis, paleis aristatis, terminali hermaphrodito. F7. hermaph.:—Palez 2; inferiore carinata, acuminata v. aristata ; superiore breviore, lineari, hyalina. Sguamule 2, glabre. Stamina 4. Ovarium sessile. Caryopsis libera, paleis obtecta.—Culmis simplicibus v. ramosis; foliis parvis v. elongatis, planis ; spiculis racemosis v. paniculatis. A small genus of Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand Grasses, closely allied to Tetrarrhena, differing from it in the long villous pedicel to the florets, which are thus separated from the small glumes, as also by the narrow awned palea of one or both of the neuter flowers, the linear, hyaline, upper palea of the terminal flower, and the linear, compressed caryopsis; the stamens are four. (Name from puxpos, small, and xAaıva, a covering; in allusion to the small glumes.) Graminea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 105 l. Microleena Gunnii (Hook. fil.) ; culmis elongatis foliosis vaginis foliisque scaberulis pilosisve, racemo elongato subsimplici, pedicellis breviusculis, glumis minimis acutis stipite florum sequilongis, aristis palearum inzqualibus, paleis scaberulis v. dorso ciliatis inferiore intermedio } breviore, floris hermaphroditi inferiore acuminato v. subaristato. (Gunn, 1492.) (Tas. CLV. 4.) Has. Penquite, near Launceston, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer; Huon River, O/dfield.— (Fl. Nov.) Culms tufted, branched below, 2-3 feet high, leafy. Sheaths rough or polished. Leaves hairy or scabrous, rarely smooth, their blade 2 inches long. Panicle drooping, slender, 6-8 inches long. Spikelets sessile or on very short pedicels, 1$ inch long, including the long awns, the lower of which is fully one-third shorter than the other. Glumes very small, as long as the stalk of the flower, sharp-pointed. Palea deeply furrowed, rough or ciliated at the back; intermediate one acuminate, or with a very short awn.— Very nearly allied to M. stipoides, but larger, more rough and hairy, with a shorter pedicel to the flower.—PrATE CLV. A. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, hermaphrodite flower; 3, squamule, ovary, and stamens :—all magnified. 2. Microlzena stipoides (Br. Prodr. 210) ; glabra v. vaginis foliisque parce pilosis, culmis gracilibus basi ramosis foliosis, panicula gracili nutante, pedicellis inferioribus elongatis, glumis minimis acutis sti- pite florum brevioribus, aristis palearum subzequilongis, paleis scaberulis subegualibus v. inferiore + bre- viore, floris hermaphroditi palea inferiore acuta v. breviter aristata.—Kunth, Agrost. p. 16; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 289. Ehrharta stipoides, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 16. t. 118. (Gunn, 997.) Has. Launceston and Flinders’ Island, etc., Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Distris. South-eastern and South-western Australia, from Port Jackson to Swan River; New Zea- land. A slender Grass, 18 inches to 2 feet high, smooth or slightly hairy on the sheaths and leaves, which are short and flat (2-3 inches long).—Panicle branched at the base, long, slender, nodding. Lower spikelets on long slender stalks. Glumes very minute, deciduous, generally shorter than the bearded pedicel of the flowers. Flowers 1 inch long, the two lower of one palea each, their awns of equal length, in the lower 4 shorter than in the upper. Lower palea of the upper flower sharp or with a short bristle. Gen. III. DIPLAX, Banks et Sol. Glume minimæ, 3-flore ; floribus sessilibus, approximatis, basi nudis; inferioribus neutris, 1-paleatis, paleis acuminatis v. aristatis ; supremo hermaphrodito 2-paleato, palea inferiore acuminata, superiore hya- lina. Sguamule 2, glabre. Stamina 2-4. — Caryopsis libera, paleis obtecta.—Culmis simplicibus v. ramo- sis; folis elongatis, planis; panicula nutante. A Tasmanian and New Zealand genus, very nearly allied to Microlena, but differing in the sessile flowers not hairy at the base, and the obscurely awned pales of the neuter flowers. (Name in allusion to the two stamens of the first-described New Zealand species.) l. Diplax Tasmanica (Hook. fil.); glaberrima, culmis cespitosis basi foliosis (foliis planis) superne gracilibus, racemo brevi rarifloro, spiculis longe pedunculatis, gluma superiore obtusa inferiore ter majore paleis 1 breviore, fl. neutr. paleis breviter aristatis, fl. hermaph. palea inferiore subacuta, staminibus 2. (Gunn, 1481.) (Tas. CLV. B.) Has. Recherche Pay, Gunn.— (Fl. Dec.) A perfectly smooth, tufted Grass, a foot high.—Cuims tufted and leafy below, very slender above. Leaves 4 inches long, 2 broad, flat. Raceme of six to eight large spikelets ($ inch long with the awns), on slender, flexuous peduncles. Glumes very unequal, blunt, the upper largest, one-fourth as long as the palea above it. Palea of the lower neuter flower shorter and with shorter awns than the upper. Lower palea of the fertile flower sharp. Stamens 2. —Pzrark CLV. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, hermaphrodite flowers; 3, squamule, ovary, and stamens :—all magnified. VOL. II. 2 x 106 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Graminee. Gen. IV. SPINIFEX, Z. Flores polygamo-dioici; spieulis bifloris; masculis solitariis, ad basin racheos elongate aristeeformis ; androgynis in distincta planta spicatis. —G/wme 2, membranacex. Spicule androg. :—Flos inferior â v. neuter. Palee 2 v. 1, membranacem. Flos superior d. Palee 9, coriacex, inferior superiorem binervem amplectens. Sguamule 2, carnose. Styli basi subcoherentes. Caryopsis intra paleas libera.—Gramina ramosissima suffrutescentia, in arenosis repentia ; spicis masculis wmbellatim congestis, in acumen pungens productis ; foemineis fasciculatis, fasciculis in capitulum congestis. A very remarkable and conspicuous genus of downy or silky Grasses, forming creeping, bushy tufts in sea- sand, much branched. Spikes collected into globose bunches; male spikes solitary, placed at the base of a long, naked, subulate rachis; hermaphrodite (androgynous) spikes usually on separate plants. Spikelets two-flowered. Glumes two, membranous, nearly equal. Palez of the male spikes two, membranous ; lower oblong, channelled ; upper with two ciliated keels. Androgynous spikelets spiked, two-flowered ; lower flower male or neuter, with two (rarely one) membranous palea; upper flower hermaphrodite, with two coriaceous, oblong, concave paleze, the lower including the upper, which is two-nerved. Scales two, fleshy. Caryopsis enclosed between the palez, free. (Name from spina, in allusion to the spinous rachis of the male spikelets.) l. Spinifex hirsutus (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 81. t. 230, 231); vaginis sericeo-tomentosis v. inferioribus glabratis, foliis intus glabris inermibus, rachi spice mascule spicam superante.— Br. Prodr. 198; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 292. (Gunn, 584.) Has. Sandy shores on both the north and south coasts.—(v. v.) Distris. Extratropical Australia; New Zealand. A very strong-growing, silky and woolly Grass, with creeping, knotted, stout, rooting culms, branched here and there; the branches bearing long, involute, flexuose leaves, 1-13 foot long.—Lower sheaths smooth and shining, upper, as well as the back of the leaf, covered with shaggy or silky tomentum or hairs. Male spikes numerous, peduncled, silky, 1 inch long, collected into an involucrate head, the rachis produced beyond the flowers. Herma- phrodite (androgynous) spikes also numerous, and collected into an involucrate head, formed of numerous silky spines, 4-5 inches long, that stick out in all directions; each of these is a peduncle or rachis, at whose base only the fertile flowers are to be found. | Gen. V. ANTHISTIRIA, Z. Spicule 1-2-Hlorz, fasciculate (fasciculis paniculatis bracteatis) ; 4 inferiores 1-2-glume, neutre v. mascule, circa 3 superiores fasciculate ; superiorum 2 Zaterales biglumz, pedicellatee, mascule ; intermedia (fasciculo centralis) sessilis, hermaphrodita. ^G/wma inferior superiorem amplectens. Palee hyaline, membranacez ; flosculis hermaphroditis 2; neutris masculisque plerumque 1 ; inferiore flosculi hermaphro- diti aristato. Sguamule 2. Stamina 3.—Gramina plerumque elata, planifolia. À very curious genus, whose structure is not easily understood by the student, but this species may easily be recognized by its peculiar habit, spathaceous spikelets, and long, stout awns. The Tasmanian species (Kangaroo - Grass) is particularly valuable as affording a good and abundant fodder Grass in the dry seasons.— Spikelefs pani- cled, about seven together, one- or two-flowered, collected into bundles, and each bundle furnished with a large awned bract or spathe. Four outer spikelets in each bract sessile, whorled round three central ones, which are placed on a bearded pedicel, of one or two awnless or short-awned glumes, each containing one neuter or male flower that has only one palea. Of the three central flowers, the two lateral are stalked, awnless, or with short- awned glumes, male, and contain a unipaleate flower; the middle spikelet is sessile, and has coriaceous, blunt glumes, and uni- or bi-paleate, hermaphrodite flowers. Palee membranous, the outer one of the hermaphrodite flower with a long, strong, bent awn, Stamens 3. (Name, the Greek one for a species of Grass.) Graminee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 107 l. Anthistiria australis (Br. Prodr. p. 200); culmis teretibus vaginisque glaberrimis, foliis gla- bris scaberulisve, glumis spathisque imberbibus.—4An var. A. ciliate? (Gunn, 591.) (Tas. CLVI.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct.—Dec.) (v.v.) Colonial name, “ Kangaroo Grass.” Disrris. Throughout Australia (India, Abyssinia, and South Africa ?). A tall, glabrous, smooth Grass, 1-3 feet high.—Culms leafy. Leaves smooth or scabrid. Ligula membranous. Spathes 2 inches long, with long, straight points. Glumes of outer spikelets acuminate, j inch long. Pedicel of central spikelets with a whorl of brown hairs at the top; two lateral male spikelets with subulate, almost awned glumes. Outer glume of central spikelet with a rigid, brown, flexuose, bent, strong awn, 13-2 inches long. — This appears probably to be a glabrous state of the widely-diffused 4. ciliata.—PLATE CLVI. Fig. 1, fascicle of spike- lets in bract; 2, lower spikelet; 3, lateral of the three central spikelets; 4, central hermaphrodite spikelet; 5, her- maphrodite flower; 6, sguamulse, stamens, and ovary :—all magnified. Gen. VI. HEMARTHRIA, Br. Spica compressa, semiarticulata. Spieule quovis articulo utreque fertiles, binate; altera (inferior) sessilis, per glumam superiorem rachi agglutinata ; altera (superior) pedicellata, pedicello cum rachi arcte connato, glumis liberis. Flores hyalini, mutici; inferior unipaleaceus, neuter ; superior bipaleaceus, herma- phroditus. Squamule 2, truncate, glabree.—Gramina ramosa ; foliis planis; ramulis monostachyis, subfas- ciculatis v. simplicibus. A very curious genus of Grasses, natives of Southern Europe, Australia, India, South Africa, and North Ame- rica, belonging to a section of the Natural Order that has usually a jointed rachis to the spike, which is however hardly the case in Hemarthria.—Inflorescence spiked. Spikelets two together, the lower sessile, the upper apparently so also, but seated on a flat pedicel, which is attached throughout its whole length to the rachis of the spike. Glumes two, the inner (upper) one of the lower spikelet attached by its back to the rachis of the spike; glumes of the upper spikelet both free. Flowers included, two in each pair of glumes; the lower of one palea, neuter; upper of two pales, hermaphrodite. Scales two, truncate. Stamens 3. (Name from ju, half, and apOpos, a joint; in allusion to the structure of the spike.) . 1. Hemarthria uncinata (Br. Prodr. p. 207); rigida, culmis strictis foliosis subcompressis gla- berrimis, foliis subbifariis patulis brevibus basi vaginisque parce ciliatis, spica angusta elongata erecta, gluma superiore apice hamata. (Gunn, 417.) Haz. Coasts of the northern parts of the Island, Gunn.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrriB. Australia. This is, I believe, a littoral Grass, forming dense tufts.— Culms creeping, very hard and tough, leafy below 3 inches to a foot high, quite smooth and glabrous, compressed, often curving. Leaves distichous, coriaceous, smooth except at the base, where the margins, as also of the sheaths, are ciliated; blade 1-6 inches long. Spike 13-4 inches long, narrow, slender. Spikelets closely pressed to the rachis, hardly imbricated, green or purplish, + inch long. Outer glumes flattish, nerved, acuminate, cuspidate; inner keeled, with an acuminate point, terminating in a sharply reflexed point. Palee membranous. ; Gen. VII. HIEROCHLOE, Gmel. Spicule 3-flore ; floribus lateralibus masculis, intermedio hermaphrodito. Glume 2, carinatee, sub- equales. Palee 2, mutice v. inferior aristata, carinata ; arista terminali v. dorsali, recta v. incurva, brevi. Squamule 2, bilobe. Fl. d. Stamina 3. Fl. $. Stamina 2. Caryopsis libera, paleis obtecta.—Gramina odora ; foliis planis v. involutis ; spiculis paniculatis, nitidis, majusculis. 108 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Graminee. A very beautiful genus of sweet-smelling Grasses, found principally in the cold climates of both hemispheres, and on the lofty mountains of warmer ones. One southern species is common to Tasmania, New Zealand, and Fuegia; another to Europe, New Zealand, and Tasmania.—Leaves soft, flat or involute. Culms tufted. Panicles loose or compact, of many large, pedicelled, shining, often pale-yellow spikelets. Glumes equal, keeled, with three almost sessile flowers, the two lower male, with three stamens, the middle or upper hermaphrodite, with two sta- * mens. Palee broad, blunt, often downy; lower keeled, with a short, straight or bent, terminal or dorsal awn; upper two-nerved; middle flower with shorter awns or none. Scales two, two-lobed. Seed free within the pales. (Name from tepos, sacred, and xkoy, a Grass; the H. borealis being dedicated to the Virgin Mary.) 1. Hierochloe redolens (Br. Prodr. 209, in note); foliis planis scaberulis glabrisve, ligulis late ovatis obtusis, panicula effusa nutante, glumis flores sequantibus superiore nervis lateralibus ad medium attingentibus, fl. masc. palea inferiore 5-nervi pubescente basi subvillosa infra apicem aristata marginibus dorsoque ciliatis, fl. hermaph. obtuso mucronato v. subaristato.—.Nob. in Fl. Antarct. i. p. 92, et Fl. N. Zeal. t. 300. H. antarctica, Br. Le Jervesia redolens, Ram. et Schult. Disarrenum antarcticum, Lad. FI. Nov. Holl. ìi. p. 83. t. 232. (Gunn, 337.) Has. Common in wet places throughout the Island.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DisrarB. New Zealand, and the islands to the south of it; Fuegia. A large and handsome Grass, conspicuous for its delicious odour, like that of the common vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum) of England, that gives the sweet scent to new-made hay.— Culms leafy, densely tufted, 2-3 feet long, herbaceous. Leaves flat, smooth or minutely scabrid to the touch; ligule membranous, broad. Panicle nodding, 6-10 inches long, of many shining, pale spikelets; branches capillary, hairy here and there; lower 2-3 inches long. Glumes shining, about 4 inch long, as long as the flowers; outer with sometimes two lateral, very short nerves at the base; upper three-nerved to the middle. Lower palea of the lateral flowers bearded below, downy above, the margins and back with long cilia, five-nerved ; awm short, inserted below the top. Lower palea of the upper flower smooth or downy above, with a short awn.—For observations on the varieties of this Grass, see ‘Flora Antarctica.” 2. Hierochloe borealis (Rem. et Schultes) ; ceespitosa, glaberrima, foliis culmo gracili brevioribus, panicula brevi ovata pauciflora, glumis coloratis 3-nerviis floribus subsequilongis, palea inferiore sericea mutica v. aristata.— Engl. Bot. t. 1641; Nob. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 300. H. Frazeri, Mihi in Fl. Antarct., note, p.98. (Gunn, 831.) | | Has. Top of Mount Wellington and other mountains, Frazer, Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Jan.) Distris. New Zealand, Arctic and Alpine Europe, Asia, and North America, as far south as Mexico. A very distinct-looking Grass, much smaller than H. redolens, with shorter, more strict leaves, and a small, ovate panicle of fewer, smaller flowers.—Culms a foot high, tufted. Leaves 4-8 inches long, strict, quite smooth, flat. Panicle 2-3 inches long, ovate. Spikelets 4 inch long, broad. Glumes short, acute, as long as the flowers, three-nerved, the lateral nerves shorter, sometimes obscure. Flowers silky ; outer palea with ciliated margins, and an awn which is very variable in length, inserted above or below the middle. —I had named this Grass H. Frazeri in the ‘Flora Antarctica,’ from Tasmanian specimens gathered by Mr. Frazer on Mount Wellington, but I quite ‚agree with Colonel Munro in considering it identical with the H. borealis, a very common plant in the Arctic regions, and in the mountains of Northern Asia, Middle and Southern Europe, and North America. It varies greatly in the position and length of the awn, and size of the panicle. 3. Hierochloe rariflora (Nob. in Fl. Antarct. i. 93, in note); culmis gracilibus elongatis nodosis ramosis, foliis scaberulis strictis angustis subsetaceis flexuosisve, panicula ovata pauciflora, ramis flexuosis, glumis inzequalibus subaeutis "floribus brevioribus, flosculis muticis obtusis, palea inferiore glabrata mar- ginibus ciliatis pubescentibusve. -(Gunn, 1467 ) (Tas. CLVII. 4.) Graminee.| FLORA OF TASMANIA. 109 Has. Northern part of Tasmania, Gunn.—(Fl, Dec.) Disrris. King George's Sound and Victoria. A very distinct species, conspicuous for its slender, branched, leafy, knotted culms, 2-3 feet long, its narrow, strict, rigid leaves, rough to the touch, and small, loose panicle of small spikelets, on long, flexuous branches.— Glumes rather blunt, unequal, shorter than the flowers, which are nearly smooth, except at the margins, and have no awns.—PLATE CLVII. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, male flower; 3, hermaphrodite flower; 4, squamule, stamens, and ovary :—all magnified. Gen. VIII. ALOPECURUS, 7. Glume 2, naviculares, subeeguales, basi connate, 1-flore. Paleæ 1-2, marginibus connatis v. liberis ; inferior carinata, dorso seepius aristata; superior brevior, 1-nervis, v. 0. Squamule 0. Stamina 3. Cary- opsis elliptica, compressa, inter glumas induratas paleasque libera.—Culmis sepius simplicibus ; foliis pla- nis; panicula conferta, spicaformi, cylindrica, densiflora. A genus almost wholly confined to the temperate and frigid regions of the northern hemisphere; but one spe- cies is common to the Arctic and Antarctic regions (Fuegia), and the Tasmanian one is found also in New Zealand and in Europe.—Culms generally simple, with flat leaves. Panicles contracted into dense, pale, cylindrical spikes. Spikelets one-flowered. Glumes laterally flattened, boat-shaped, keeled, joined together below. Palee one or two, free or connate; lower keeled, often awned at the back; upper, when present, smaller, one-nerved. Stamens three. Caryopsis compressed, free, included in the hardened glumes and pales. (Name from ahwrné, a fox, and ovpos, a tail.) 1. Alopecurus geniculatus (Linn.); culmis cespitosis basi geniculatis, panicula contracta eylin- dracea, glumis pubescentibus, palea dorso infra medium aristata.— Engl. Bot. t. 1250. A. australis, Vees, in Mitchell’s Australia, n. 51. Haz. In a rivulet, Formosa, Gunn. (Common Foxtail Grass of England.) —(Fl. October.) Distri. New South Wales and Victoria, New Zealand, Eastern, Central, and Northern Asia, North America, Europe. The culms and leaves quite smooth, the former 14-24 feet high, ascending, bent below. Panicle a soft, downy, cylindrical, green spike, 11-21 inches long. Spikelets imbricated on a woolly rachis. Glumes downy and fringed. Palea with an awn of variable length inserted at or below the middle, sometimes at the base. Gen. IX. STIPA, Z. Spicule \-flore, flore stipitato. G/ume 2, membranacem, florem superantes. Palee 2, coriacem, cylindraceo-involutz ; inferior aristata ; arista simplici torta, basi cum palea articulata; superior brevior, coriacea, 2-nervis. Sguamule 3, carnosee, ovarii stipiti adnate. Anthere apice plerumque barbate. Caryopsis paleis arcte involuta.— Foliis planis v. convolutis; spiculis paniculatis, pedicellatis. A large genus, of generally handsome, rigid, wiry, shining Grasses, conspicuous for their very long awns, abundant in the temperate and warmer regions of the globe; rarer in the tropies or cold zones; differing from Dichelachne chiefly in the long glumes and coriaceous upper paleæ, the lower of which is entire at the tip, and the awn being jointed on to its summit.— Leaves involute, often setaceous, smooth, downy, or ciliated in the true species. Glumes two, equal, longer than the floret, generally transparent, shining, much acuminate. Floret solitary, stipitate, downy, villous below. Palee coriaceous, margins involute ; lower with a terminal, twisted awn; upper shorter, two-nerved. Anther-cells often bearded. Squamule three, attached to the stalk of the ovarium. Seed enclosed in the involute palee. (Name from ev, tow ; in allusion to the feathery awns.) VOL. II. 9r 110 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Graminee. 1. Stipa semibarbata (Br. Prodr. 174); culmis basi nodis vaginisque sericeis pubescentibusve, ligula ciliata, foliis infimis setaceis scabris pilosis glabratisve caulinis sepius latioribus glabratis, panicula subcontracta, glumis flore 4 v. bis longioribus, palea inferiore sericea, arista longissima e basi ad v. ultra medium plumosa.—Kunth, En. i. 183. (Gunn, 1480, 1452.) Has. Abundant in dry soil throughout the Island.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DisrRIB. Extratropical Australia. A common, tall, harsh Grass, 2-3 feet high.— Culms stout, silky or downy below, as are the sheaths and knots, often quite smooth above; ligula with a tuft of silky or woolly hairs. Lower leaves a span long, narrow, involute, rigid, rough or covered with spreading hairs, sometimes quite smooth; upper often broader. Panicle contracted, a span long and upwards. Glumes colourless or purplish, rough to the touch but not to the eye, about 2 inch long, twice as long as the silky palea. ` Jeng 3 inches long, densely covered with silky hairs from the base to about or above the middle.—A variable Grass, like its congeners, in hairiness and pubescence of the leaves, sheaths, and culms. The feathered awn always distinguishes it from all except perhaps 8. mollis, Br., of Port Jackson, which I cannot distinguish from this otherwise. Sieber’s specimen of S. mollis (Agristotheca, t. 60) is the same as Brown's S. semibarbata. A very similar plant, but with shorter awns, inhabits the Swan River Colony. 2. Stipa pubescens (Br. Prodr. 174); glaberrima, v. culmis basi nodis vaginisgue pubescentibus, foliis infimis setaceis patentim pilosis scaberulis glabrisve, ligulis nudis villosisve, panicula contracta, glumis flore $ v. bis longioribus, palea inferiore sericea, arista longissima nuda v. infra medium pubescente.—Kunth, En. i. 183. S. pubinodis, Trin. et Rupr. Stip. 50. (Gunn, 588, 996, 1453.) Has. Common in dry soils.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DIsTRIB. Extratropical Australia. Very similar in habit and general appearance to S. semibarbata, differing chiefly in the awn not being feathery. The glumes vary a good deal in size, as do the awns, from 24-34 inches long. In old specimens the glumes become truncate and erose at the apex. 3. Stipa flavescens (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 24. t. 30) ; glaberrima, v. culmis ad nodos subsericeis, foliis strictis involutis, ligula truncata brevissima nuda v. ciliata, panicula rara contracta erecta, glumis flore paulo longioribus, palea inferiore sericea, arista breviuscula nuda glaberrima v. puberula.— Br. Prodr. 175. Kunth, En.i. 183. S. leviculmus, Nees, Plant. Preiss. ii. 99. (Gunn, 996, in part.) Has. Tasmania, probably common, Gunn, etc.— (Fl. Dec.) Disrris. Southern and temperate Australia. A tall slender species, 3 feet high, of which Mr. Gunn has sent copious specimens, but of the flowering culms only, without root and lower leaves, and with no precise habitat attached.—Culms above and upper leaves per- fectly smooth, as are the sheaths and involute blades; ligula very short, quite glabrous, or ciliated. Panicle nar- row, erect, fewer-flowered than in S./favescens, a span long. Glumes acuminate, not much longer than the flower. Awn quite smooth, or downy, 2 inches long. 4. Stipa setacea (Br. Prodr. 174); gracilis, foliis setaceis, vaginis brevibus membranaceis sericeis vaginis nodisque glabris pubescentibusve, panicula stricta rariflora effusa, ramis primariis brevibus subverti- cillatis flexuosis, arista geniculata elongata nuda.—Kunth, En. i. 183. (Gunn, 1487.) (Tas. CLVII. B.) Has. Tasmania, Brown; Launceston, Gunn. Distris. Extratropical Australia. A very pretty, slender species.— Leaves short, 3-5 inches, setaceous, smooth, glabrous or more or less downy, with a silky, short, membranous ligula (I do not find the ligula to be elongated as described by Brown). Culms slender, about 18 inches high. Panicle a span long, erect, few-flowered. Primary branches capillary, flexuose, Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 111 very short, spreading, whorled or fascicled, one- to three-flowered. Glumes purple, } inch long, one-half longer than the flower. Palea silky. Awn 3 inches long, very slender, glabrous or faintly downy.—PraTE CLVII. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, ovary, squamule, and stamens :—all magnified. [NorE.—S. elegantissima (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 23. t. 29) is stated by Mr. Brown (Prodr. p. 175), on the authority of the late Mr. Lambert's herbarium, to be a native of Tasmania. It is a native of S. W. Australia and Swan River, and may be recognized at once by the long, beautifully ciliated, capillary branches of the wide- spreading panicle.] Gen. X. DICHELACHNE, Endl. Spicule 1-flore ; floris stipite brevi barbato. Glumæ 2, membranacem, acuminate, florem «equantes v. superantes. Palee 2, inferior scabra v. sericeo-pilosa, bifida, inter lobos aristata; arista simplici, subtorta, basi inarticulata; superior brevior, linearis, 2-dentata. Sguamule 3, subfaleate ; interior con- formis, tenerior.—Folia convoluta ; panicula coarctata. : Rigid, wiry Grasses, with subulate or convolute leaves, and narrow, rather dense panicles of shining flowers ; natives of Australia, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand.—Glumes two, membranous, sharp, as long as or longer than the solitary flower, which has a short bearded stalk. Palee two, lower membranous or coriaceous, scabrid or silky, bifid, with a twisted awn from between the lobes, which is not jointed on to the palea; upper shorter, linear, two-toothed at the tip. Scales three, curved. Seed very narrow. (Name from dynos, cloven-footed, and og, chaff ; in allusion to the bifid palez.) l. Dichelachne crinita (Nob. in Fl. Nov. Zeal. i. 293), glaberrima scaberula v. molliter pu- bescens, foliis planis involutisve, panicula elongata coarctata spiculis densissimis rarius lobata v. rariflora aristis flexuosis quasi crinita, glumis angustis longe acuminatis flore breviter stipitato excedentibus, palea inferiore scaberula acuminata apice integra v. bifida, arista dorsali supra medium inserta longissima flexuosa haud tortili, palea superiore breviore apice bidentato.—D. vulgaris, D. Forsteriana, D. Hookeriana e£ D. longiseta, Trim. et Rupr. Act. Soc. Petrop. ser. vi. vol. v. p. 3. Muhlenbergia mollicoma, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 414. M. crinita, Trin. Diss. Gram. Uniflor. 192 ; Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 414. Agrostis crinita, Br. Prodr. 170. Anthoxanthum crinitum, Linn. Suppl. 90; Forst. Prodr. n. 18; Lab. Fl. N. Holl. i. p. 115. t. 263. Cinna crinita, Trin. Fund. 118. (Gunn, 589, 98S, 1478.) Has. Throughout the Island, abundant.—(Fl. Aug.-Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia and New Zealand. A very abundant and variable Grass, quite smooth, or with the lower leaves and sheaths covered with soft down. Culms annual, tufted, 1-3 feet high, stout or slender, leafy at the base and sometimes up to the in- florescence. Panicle 4-8 inches long, pale yellow-green, shining, contracted, dense and spike-like, rarely thin, with the branches conspicuous and few-flowered ; always covered with the long flexuous awns. Glumes very long, slender, acuminate, scabrid at the keel, longer than the flowers by one-half or one-third. Lower palea long, scabrous, hard, with a contracted narrow entire or bifid point, and a dorsal awn, which is flexuous and not twisted, inserted above the middle. Upper palea shorter, narrow, membranous, bifid at the top.—This curious plant differs from Dichelachne in the awn not being twisted, from Agrostis in the pedicelled flower, from Muhlenbergia in the long glumes. I have followed Trinius and Ruprecht by placing it in the first-named genus, but have retained the original specific name of crinita, which is most appropriate and familiar, and used by Brown, Labillardiêre, Forster, and Linneus. MM. Trinius and Ruprecht, on the other hand, substitute that of vulgaris for the Australian specimens, and Forsteriana for the New Zealand ones. 9. Dichelachne sciurea (Hook. fil. Fl. N. Zeal. 294); levis, v. culmis basi vaginis foliisque scaberulis, foliis planis v. involutis, panicula elongata laxa rariflora, glumis insequalibus acuminatis florem 112 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Graminee. vix superantibus, palea inferiore scaberula arista tortili 4-plo longiore.—D. Sieberiana, Zrin. et Rupr. l c. Agrostis sciurea, Br. Prodr. 171. Kunth, En. i. 218. Muhlenbergia ? sciurea, Trin. Gram. Unifl. 193. M. rara, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 414. (Gunn, 989.) (Tas. CLVIII. A.) Var. 8; foliis velutinis. d Has. Abundant throughout the Island. 8. Hobarton, Oldfield. Disrris. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, and Norfolk Island. A more slender plant than D. crinita, but very closely allied to it, differing in the thin panicle, which is loosely branched, and comparatively very few-flowered. The glumes are shorter than in D. erinita, as long as the flower, and the twisted awn is not four times longer than the upper palea.—PrATE CLVIII. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 8, ovary, stamens, and sguamulee :—all magnified. 3. Dichelachne stipoides (Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 294. t. 66); caspitosa, glaberrima, polita, foliis elongatis strictis setaceo-involutis, panicula erecta contracta pauciflora parce ramosa, glumis levibus longe setaceo-acuminatis florem 4 excedentibus, paleis subcoriaceis inferiore sericeo-villosa, arista genicu- lata glaberrima flore bis-ter longiore. (Guan, 1490.) Has. Abundant, especially near the sea.— (Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) DisrarB. Extratropical Australia and New Zealand. Also found in New Zealand, growing, as in Tasmania, near the sea.—A handsome, densely tufted, rigid, wiry, smooth and polished, yellow Grass, often forming large tussocks, with the habit and appearance of a Stipa.—Culms 14-3 feet high. Leaves slender, involute, wiry, erect, terete. Panicle contracted, 4-6 inches long, strict, erect, few-flowered, and sparingly branched ; branches short, capillary, erect. Glumes ¿44 inch long, white or yellow, membranous, thin and shining, lanceolate, with a long slender point. Flower shorter than the glumes, covered with soft, silky, spreading hairs. Palee rather coriaceous; lower with two small teeth at the top, one on each side the awn, which is curved, about an inch long, and quite glabrous. Gen. XI. PENTAPOGON, Zr. Spieule l-flore; flore stipitato, basi barbato. ` Give 2, subzequales, carinatee, subaristatee, flore mi- nores. Palee 2, inferior apice 5-aristata, arista intermedia majore tortili, superior minor mutica. Sguamule acinaciformes. —Gramina Australasica et Tasmanica ; foliis planis v. involutis ; spiculis paniculatis ` pani- cula compacta. A small genus, confined to Australia and Tasmania.—Leaves flat. Culms simple or branched at the base. Panicle long, dense, erinite from the number of awns. Spikelets one-flowered, without any rudiment or pedicel of a second; flower bearded below, stalked. Glumes nearly equal, keeled, very acuminate, almost awned, shorter than the flower. Palee two, the lower with a narrow top ending in five rigid awns, of which four arise from the teeth, the fifth, larger, twisted, rises from the back of the palea behind and between the others. (Name evra, five, and zwywv, a beard ; in allusion to the five awns.) 1. Pentapogon Billardieri (Br. Prodr. 173); annua, czespitosa, villosa v. pubescens, rarius glaber- rima, culmis erectis sulcatis, foliis involutis, panicula subnutante contracta aristis flexuosis crinita, glumis subaristatis ciliatis, palea inferiore scaberula dura aristis brevioribus duplo longiore, arista intermedia geni- culata glumis bis-ter longiore.— Bear, Agrost. t. viii. f. 11. Kunth, En. i. 239. Agrostis quadrifida, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 20. t. 22. (Gunn, 1476, 1477, 1478.) Has. Probably common: Hobarton, Oldfield ; Cheshunt, Archer; Launceston, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) DisrRiB. Victoria. Very variable in size and hairiness, smooth or softly villous, the culms sometimes 6 inches high, almost Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 113 filiform, with a very few-flowered panicle, at others stout, 2 feet high.— Leaves involute, smooth or downy. Panicle pale-coloured and shining, 2-6 inches long, narrow, much like that of Dichelachne crinita, drooping, covered with the long flexuose awns. Glumes ciliate. Lower palea narrow, rigid, firm, smooth or scaberulous, half as long as the shorter awns. Long awn often purple, twice or thrice as long as the glumes, bent, twisted. Upper palea narrow, with two nerves, ciliated towards the entire top. Gen. XII. AGROSTIS, ZL. Glume 2, uniflore, subeeguales, carinatee, mutice, flore majores. Vos sessilis v. pedicellatus, inter- dum basi rudimento secundi suffultus. Palee 2, inferior mutica v. dorso aristata; arista haud aut vix tortili; superior bicarinata, interdum minima v. obsoleta. Sguamule 2, subintegre. Stamina 3. Cary- opsis libera.—Gramina cespitosa ; folis planis involutisve; paniculis diffuse ramosis, ramis sapius verti- cillatis, rarius brevibus v. in spicam cylindraceam confertis. A large genus of Grasses, most abundant in temperate and cold climates, advaneing as near to either Pole as any other phenogamic plants do.—Culms often tufted. Leaves flat or involute. Panicles lax or dense, branches often whorled. Glumes two, nearly equal, keeled, one-flowered, with or without the pedicel of an upper flower. Palee two, lower awnless, or awned at the back (often both in the same species), upper two-nerved, rarely absent. Awn never or very slightly twisted. Sguamule two. Stamens three. Caryopsis quite free. (Name from aypos, a ‚field, the species abounding in open places.) $ 1. TrıcHopıum.— Flower sessile, with no rudiment or pedicel of a second. Upper palea 0, or much smaller than the lower ; lower awnless, or with a short dorsal awn, not hairy or silky at the base, or slightly so. l. Agrostis parviflora (Br. Prodr. 170); parvula, tenella, glaberrima, culmis gracilibus cespitosis, foliis planis angustis, panicula effusa capillari rariflora, glumis acuminatis florem excedentibus carina scabris, palea inferiore membranacea glaberrima truncata nervis inconspicuis arista dorsali inclusa v. 0, superiore minima v. 0.—Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 296. A. intricata, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 419. A. gelida, F. Muell. MSS. (Gunn, 1011, 1448, 1449, 1471.) (Tas. CLVIII. B.) Has. Common in shady places, ascending to 4000 feet.—(Fl. Nov.-Jan.) (v. v.) DisrRiB. Victoria, New Zealand. A slender, tufted Grass, 6-8 inches high, erect or prostrate at the base, quite smooth.— Culms leafy upwards, or only at the base. Leaves very narrow, flat or involute. Zigula long, membranous. Panicle of few lax, capillary trichotomous branches, whorled in threes. Spikelets minute. Glumes about 4 longer than the flowers, nearly equal, scabrid along the keel. Lower palea quite glabrous, very membranous, broad, truncate, with faint nerves. Awn, when present, as in some specimens from New Zealand, dorsal, slender, included. Upper palea wanting in my specimens. — Panicles green or purplish ; alpine specimens growing in exposed places have rigid, subulate leaves, and very short culms. It is very nearly allied to the 4. alpina of the European alps, but the awn, when present, is never basal in this, and the panicle is fewer-flowered.—PLATE CLVIII. B. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, flower ; 3, stamens, squamule, and ovary; 4, caryopsis :—all ified. 2. Agrostis venusta (Trin. Agrost. ii. 94) ; caespitosa, tenella, foliis filiformibus setaceisve levibus v. scaberulis, culmis gracilibus, panieula (pro planta) maxima effusa, ramis primariis verticillatis elongatis capillaribus trichotomis, spiculis longe pedicellatis, glumis inegualibus acuminatis dorso carina ciliatis superiore + longiore, palea inferiore membranacea glaberrima v. scaberula truncata arista dorso infra me- dium inserta incurva glumis 4-2 longiore, superiore minima v. 0.—A. emula, Br., var. pumila, F. Muell. MSS. Lachnagrostis Willdenowii, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. à. 412. (Gunn, 593, 1008.) (Tas. CLIX. A.) VOL. II. 26 114 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Graminez. Has. Dry grassy places; abundant.—(Fl. Oct.-Jan.) (v. v.) DisrarB. Victoria. Very similar to 4. parviflora in slender habit, size, and general appearance, but conspicuously differing in the very much larger panicle, with more numerous, whorled, very slender, long branches, large spikelets, and the long awn inserted below the middle of the palea, which is usually rough. Also very near the European 4. vulgaris, but the branches of the panicle are much longer; and to 4. Lyallii of New Zealand, which has longer glumes and a silky palea.—PrATE CLIX. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, pistil, stamens, and squamula :—all magnified. $ 2. BROMIDIUM.— Flower shortly pedicelled, with no rudiment or pedicel of a second. Upper palea present; lower with a fascicle of hairs at its base, and bi- to quadri-fid apex. 3. Agrostis quadriseta (Dr. Prodr. 171); ceespitosa, culmis vaginisque leevibus scaberulisve, foliis planis involutis v. setaceis, panicula coarctata cylindracea continua v. lobata rarius interrupta v. subeffusa, glumis acuminatis flore basi sericeo longioribus, palea inferiore levi v. scaberula nervis 4 apice percurrentibus breviter 4-cuspidata, arista dorsali infra medium v. basin versus inserta inclusa v. glumis 4 longiora, supe- riore paulo breviore bidentata.—Kunth, En. 218. Trin. Diss. 204. p. ii. £. 33. Agrostis diaphora, Trin. Agrost. ii. 120. Avena quadriseta, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 25. t. 32. Bromidium, Nov. Act. Nat. Our. xvii. Suppl. ii. 154. B. quadrisetum, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 416. Var. a. lobata; elata, foliis latiusculis planis, panicula majuscula lobata, palea inferiore glabra.— A. lobata, Br. Prodr. 171. Bromidium lobatum, Nees, /.c. 415. (Gunn, 990.) Var. B. montana ; cespitosa, foliis involuto-setaceis latisve brevibus, panicula subcylindracea lobata v. interrupta, palea inferiore scaberula marginibus pubescentibus. (Gunn, 991.) Var. y. paniculata ; elata, foliis latis brevibus, panicula pyramidali, ramis inferioribus subverticillatis remotis patentibus reflexisve. (Gunn, 991.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island.—(Fl. Sept.-Dec.) (v. v.) DisrRrs. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand. An extremely variable and very common Grass, presenting no constant characters by which the above-defined varieties may be always known from one another.—Culms a span to 33 feet high, smooth or rough, as are the leaves and sheaths. Leaves broad or narrow, short or long, smooth or scabrid. Panicle densely spicate, cylindri- cal and continuous, or lobed, or more open and pyramidal, with the lower branches remote and spreading. Glumes 1— inch long, always longer than the flower, but very variable in this particular. Flower on a short, villous pedicel. Lower palea scaberulous, rarely quite smooth, hard, concave, contracted at the point, and then bifid or ending in four little awns, which are very variable in relative length ; great awn dorsal, inserted below the middle or towards the base, bent, twisted below; upper palea shorter, with two nerves that are scabrous at the back above, with sometimes a minute rigid pedicel at its base. Stamens three.—I have examined a vast number of Australian, New Zealand, and Tasmanian specimens of this most variable Grass, vainly trying to divide them into species or constant varieties. Brown's specimens of Agrostis montana (in Brit. Mus.) resemble this, but have a slender panicle ; florets as long as the glumes; palea rough, awned near the base. $ 3. DEYEUXIA.— Flower sessile or shortly pedicelled, furnished at the base of the upper palea with the (usually plumose) pedicel of a second flower, which is sometimes, but very rarely, perfect. 4. s sequata (Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 413); scaberula, culmis subelatis cespitosis erectis foliosis, foliis planis ligula membranacea, panicula elongata effusa, ramis primariis plurimis verticillatis capillaribus pedicellisque scabris, glumis ovatis subacutis scabris flore paulo longioribus, paleis firmis nervis inconspicuis inferiore truncata mutica superiore subbidentata basi extus pedicello gracili.— (Gunn, 1005.) (Tas. CLIX. B.) Graminee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 115 Has. Probably common, but no habitat given, Gunn.—(Fl. Jan.) A — handsome Grass, 2—3 feet high, everywhere slightly rough to the touch, similar in many respects to A. parviflora.— Culms erect, leafy. Leaves flat, rather narrow, with a membranous ligula. Panicle large, 8-10 inches long, spreading, very many-flowered. Primary branches numerous, whorled, capillary, as well as the secon- dary and long pedicels of the small spikelets scabrid. GZumes equal, ovate, acute, hardly longer than the flower, very scabrid, especially along the keel. Palee rather coriaceous, with obscure nerves, awnless; lower truncate; upper nearly as long, with two small teeth at the tip, and sometimes a small tuft of hairs at the base.—PLATE CLIX. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, pistil, squamule, and stamens; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. 5. Agrostis Billardieri (Br. Prodr. 171); scaberula, foliis latiusculis, panicula laxa, ramis primaris cito trichotomis, spiculis majusculis, glumis scaberulis glabrisve flore 4 longioribus, carina seaberula, palea inferiore basi sericea 4-nervi, nervis percurrentibus lateralibus aristatis, arista ad medium pales inserta glumis 4 ad bis longiore, palea superiore inferiore «equilonga lanceolata cuspidata setula 4 longiore.— Deyeuxia Billardieri, Kunth, Agrost. p. 244. Lachnagrostis Billardieri, Ti». Diss. in Inder. Avena filiformis, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 24. t. 31, non Forst. (Gunn, 592, 1007.) Var. B. setifolia ; foliis anguste setaceis, arista prope basin pale inserta. Haz. Abundant throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct.—Jan.) (v. v.) DisrRrs. New South Wales, Victoria, and New Zealand. A very elegant Grass, closely allied to the two following, if indeed all three be not varieties of the same spe- cies.—Culms tufted, 13 foot high. Leaves 6 inches long, 4-4 inch broad, flat, smooth or rough to the touch. Panicle very lax, scabrid ; branches very slender, whorled, trichotomous ; pedicels long, slender. Spikelets larger than in the allied species, 4-4 inch long, often purple. Glumes narrow, smooth or scabrid, always scabrid at the keel. Lower palea silky at the base, $ as long as the glume, with four nerves that project at the truncate top, the lateral of which are produced into short awns. Awn inserted at the middle of the palea, bent, one-half or twice as long as the glumes. Upper palea as long as the lower, with two short points, longer than the silky pedicel at its back. 6. Agrostis zemula (Br. Prodr. 172); glaberrima v. scaberrima, foliis latiusculis angustisve, pani- cule laxæ ramis primariis elongatis capillaribus trichotomis, glumis (pallidis) glabris carina scaberula flore duplo longioribus, palea inferiore sericea brevi late truncata nervis 4 percurrentibus breviter 4-cuspidata, arista dorso ad medium palem inserta glumis duplo longiore, nervis lateralibus rarius elongatis, palea superiore inferiore breviore obtusa v. bidentata setula plerumque brevissima.—Agrostis Forsteri, Rem. et Schult. Syst. ii. 359. ? A. semibarbata, Trin. Agrost. ii. 132. A. retrofracta, Schrad. in Herb. Hook. Deyeuxia Forsteri, Kunth, Gram. 117; Agrost. p. 244; Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 298. A pilosa, A. Rich. Voy. Astrol. 134. t. 23 (setula omissa!), Avena filiformis, Forst. Prodr. 46. Lachnagrostis Forsteri, Trin. Diss. Gram. Uniflor. 217. L. «mula, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 412. Deyeuxia emula, Kunth, Gram. i. 11. (Gunn, 592, in part, 1006, 1447.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island.—(Fl. Oct.-Jan.) (v. v.) DrsrarB. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island. Generally a taller plant than D. Billardieri, with many more, much smaller, pale-green spikelets, and more silky flowers.—Culms 1-3 feet high. Leaves flat, broad or narrow, quite smooth or scabrous. Panicle 4—8 inches long, of very numerous whorled, slender branches, that generally do not divide so soon as in the former species. Pedicels very slender. Spikelets i-i inch long. Glumes smooth, except along the keel, twice as long as the flower, and half as long as the awn. Lower palea very silky all over, truncate, the teeth produced into short points. Awn inserted at the middle. Upper palea shorter, blunt or two-toothed. Setula generally very small. — This plant is the 4vena filiformis of Forster, in Herb. Hook., and also of Labillardiere, in Herb. Hook. Mr. Brown 116 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Graminee. however refers Labillardiére's plant to his 4. Billardieri, with which the figure in Lab. Plant. Nov. Holl. agrees. The 4. emula appears an equally common and variable plant in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, as Agrostis canina is in Europe. 7. Agrostis montana (Br. Prodr. 171); levis v. scaberula, foliis plerumque setaceis filiformibus caulinis vagina elongata scaberula, panicula erecta contracta subcylindracea, ramis erectis, spiculis subimbri- catis, glumis scaberulis acuminatis flore eeguilongis, palea inferiore scaberula chartacea apice contracta 4- cuspidata, arista basi torta versus basin pale inserta glumis $ longiore, superiore paulo breviore bidentata dorso apicem versus scaberula setula (flore secundo imperfecto rarius terminata) longe villosa bis longiore. (Gunn, 1479.) (Tas. CLX. A.) Has. Common on the mountains.—(Fl. Jan.) Disrris. Alps of Victoria. Very like some states of Agrostis quadriseta, but the panicles are smaller, the glumes no longer than the flower, and there is a villous setula at the base of the latter.—A foot and a half to a span high. Leaves much shorter than the culms, smooth or scaberulous to the touch; sheaths broad or narrow ; lamina involute or flat, those on the culm with long sheaths. Panicle 11-3 inches long, erect, narrow, with loosely imbricated, erect spike- lets, 4 inch long. Glumes equal, sharp, scaberulous. Lower palea hard, scabrid, with two or four short points at the contracted tip. Awn inserted below the middle, twisted below, bent at the middle, not twice as long as the glumes. Upper palea shorter, with two nerves, which are scabrid at the back towards the bifid top. Setula half the length of the upper palea, with long, spreading, silky hairs.—A variable plant; alpine specimens have short, setaceous leaves; those from lower elevations have broader sheaths and flatter blades. I have occasionally seen a second imperfect flower produced on the setula.—PrATE CLX. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, pistil, sguamulse, and stamens; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. | 8. Agrostis scabra (Br. Prodr. 172); cespitosa, tota scaberula v. culmo superne levi, culmis foliosis, foliis angustis planis vaginis elongatis, ligula membranacea, panicula laxa elongata, ramis primariis subfasciculatis, pedicellis glumisque scabris, glumis inter se et flore sequilongis ovatis acutis, palea infe- riore rigida scaberula acuta mutica v. dorso ad medium breviter aristata, superiore paulo breviore bidentata setula parce villosa duplo v. triplo longiore.— Agrostis frigida, Mueller, MSS. A. rudis, Rem. et Schult. Syst. ìi. Lachnagrostis scabra ef rudis, Trin. Diss. 217. An var. A. montane? (Gunn, 1461, 1462.) (Tas. CLX. B.) Has. Subalpine situations: foot of Mount Wellington, and Arthur's Lakes, etc.; common, Gunn, Archer, Oldfield.—(Fl. Jan.) (v. v.) ; DisrRIB. Victoria and New South Wales. A slender, scabrid Grass, growing in woods, with culms 1-3 feet long.—Sheaths generally very rough to the touch, as are the flat, narrow, dark-green leaves; ligula membranous. Panicle long, slender, 2-6 inches long; branches very rough, three or four together, in distant bundles, erect. Spikelets rough, often purple, 4 inch long. Glumes as long as the flowers, equal, ovate, acute, rough. Lower palea very rough, hard, sharp, nerves indistinct, awnless, or with a short, hardly exserted awn inserted at about the middle of the back. Pedicel or setula at the base of the upper palea silky, variable in length, sometimes bearing a second but very imperfect flower, sometimes very small.—Prarg OLX. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, pistil, stamens, and squamule; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. 9. Agrostis contracta (Muell. MSS.) ; culmis gracilibus elongatis, foliis planis vaginisque scabe- rulis, panicula nutante elongata contracta, ramis brevibus verticillatis 5-6-floris, glumis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis enervüs flosculum squantibus, palea inferiore acuta mutica enervi coriacea scaberula basi subbarbata, superiore sequilonga, setula brevi. (Tas. CLXI. A.) Graminee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 117 Has. Stony places: South Huon River, Oldfield. 4 DistrIB. Alps of Victoria. A slender species, 2 feet high, with narrow, flat, scabrous foliage. Panicle 8-5 inches long, contracted; branches short, whorled. Spikelets green, erect. Glumes equal, acute, with one broad, green nerve. Flower very coriaceous. Lower palea acute, awnless, slightly scabrid.—PrATE OLXI. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 8, pistil, stamens, and sguamulse; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. Gen. XIII. ECHINOPOGON, Beauv. Spicule uniflore, setula villosa accedente, coarctate. Glume swequales, flore equilonge. Palee 2, eguilongee; inferior basi villosa, apice bifida, longe aristata; superiore bicarinata, apice bidentata; arista terminalis, haud torta. Stamina 3. Ovarium barbatum.—Gramen scaberulum ; folis planis; panicula spiceformi v. capituliformi. The only known species is a very common extratropical Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zealand, harsh, sca- brid Grass, differing from Agrostis in habit, capitate inflorescence, and terminal awn.—Spikelets crowded into an ovate or globose head, bristling with rigid, spreading awns. Glumes equal, acuminate, rigid, as long as the solitary flower, which has a silky tuft of hairs at the base. .Palee nearly equal; the lower with a bifid top, and rigid, not twisted awn; upper with a small, stiff, villous bristle at its base. Stamens three. Ovary bearded at the top. (Name from exıvos, a prickle, and rwywv, a beard.) 1. Echinopogon ovatus (Pal. Beauv. Agrost. p. 42. t. 9. f. D).—Agrostis ovata, Forst. Prodr. ; Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 19. t. 21; Br. Prodr.171. (Gunn, 590.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island, Brown, Labillardiere, Gunn.—(Fl. Oct.—Dec.) (v. v.) Disrris. Australia, New Zealand, and Norfolk Island. A rough, scabrid, harsh Grass, growing in small tufts, common in extratropical Australia and New Zealand.— Culms 6 inches to 2 feet high, leafy below. Sheaths of upper leaves long; ligula short; lamina flat. Panicle contracted into a cylindrical, blunt, short or long (4-14 inch long) head, conspicuous from the spreading, stiff, scabrid awns. Spikelets shortly pedicellate. Oss. I know nothing of E. Gunnianus, Nees (Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 413), which is described as having the habit of 4grostis alba ! and as having been picked out of Gunn’s specimens of Agrostis parviflora (n. 1011). Gen. XIV. POLYPOGON, Desf. Glume 9, subequales, carinate, aristate, 1-flore, flore multo longiores. Palee 2; inferiore apice truncata, emarginata, mutica v. sub apice aristata; arista haud tortili; superiore bicarinata. Sguamule 2, subfalcatee, ovarium superantes. Caryopsis intra paleas libera. — Folia plana; panicule ramosissima, sepius contracte, spicaformes ; spicule pedicello continue. Very elegant, often sea-side Grasses, conspicuous for the white awns on the pale, silky, contracted panicles. There are but few species, and these scattered over various temperate and tropical regions.—Glumes longer than the solitary flower, nearly equal, keeled, awned, one-flowered. Palee two; lower abruptly notched at the tip, awnless, or with an awn below the tip; upper two-nerved. Scales two, longer than the ovary. Seed free, but included within the pales. (Name from voAv, many, and oyov, a beard.) 1. Polypogon Monspeliensis (Desf.) ; culmis simplicibus erectis, panicula coarctata subcylindracea spiceeformi oblonga obtusa densiflora, glumis pubescentibus ciliatis bilobis arista ¿3 brevioribus, palea inferiore truncata aristata, arista glumas vix superante.—P. imitans, F. Muell. MSS. (Gunn, 1460.) Has. Marshes near Launceston, Gunn ; Richmond, Oldfield.— (Introduced ?) VOL. II. 2 H 118 a FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Graminee. DrsrRIB. Extratropical Australia, Europe, Middle and South Asia, North and South Africa, North and South America (probably often an introduced plant). Culms tufted, erect, leafy, a span to a foot high. Leaves flat, 4-4 inch broad, slightly scabrid. Panicle con- tracted into a dense eylindrical spike, 1-13 inch long, nearly white, and covered, as it were, with long, spreading hairs, which are the awns. 4wns of the glumes three times longer than the glumes; those of the downy palea hardly exserted. Gen. XVI. PHRAGMITES, Trin. Spicule 3-6-flore ; floribus distichis, remotiusculis, sericeis, plumosis, infimo 4, reliquis hermaphro- ditis. Glume 2, acute, carinatee ; superior major (interdum monandra). Palez 2, inferior angusta, subu- lata; superior bicarinata. Sguamule 2, integre.—Gramina elata, potamobia ; folis latis, planis; pani- culis ramosissimis, diffusis. A genus consisting of a few large, tall, handsome Grasses, almost always growing in water: the species are found in all parts of the globe, the Tasmanian one being particularly widely distributed.— Leaves broad, flat, harsh. Panicle large, much branched, dark-purple, of large spikelets, which are three- to six-flowered. Flowers rather remote, distichous, very silky with long hairs, lower male, the rest hermaphrodite. Glumes narrow, sharp, keeled. Lower palea elongate, narrowed into a short awn. (Name from ¢payyurys, an enclosure; the Reeds being used for fencing.) 1. Phragmites communis (Trin. Fund. 134); foliis elongato-lanceolatis longissime acuminatis, panicula erecta demum nutante effusa, glumis subaristatis insequalibus floribus 4—5 longe sericeis breviori- bus, palea inferiore aristato-acuminata.— Kunth, En. i. 251. Arundo Phragmites, Zinn. Sp. Pl. 120; Br. Prodr. 183. (Gunn, 418.; | Has. Abundant in watery places : throughout the Colony.—(v. v DisrRrB. Australia, and most temperate and some tropical countries. (Native of England.) The largest Tasmanian Grass, 4-8 feet high, smooth, stout, erect. Leaves flat, harsh, with long narrow points. Panicle purple, 8-18 inches long, at first erect, then drooping, very feathery from the long silky hair of the flowers, which grows as the latter advance. Glumes unequal, almost awned, longer than the flowers. Flowers four or five, remote, lower palea very long.—This plant is the common English ** Reed ” much used for thatching, etc. Gen. XVII. DESCHAMPSIA, Pal. Beauv. Spieule 9—3-flore ; floribus distichis, summo tabescente. Glume 2, carinate, mutice, subeguales, floribus breviores. Palee 2; inferior supra basin aristata, apice truncata, 4-dentata; arista brevi, recta; superior apice bifida, mutica. Sguamule 2, integra. Caryopsis libera.—Spicule paniculata, pedicellata. This genus is most abundant in the temperate and Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, but is also found in Fuegia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.—Culms slender, often branched. Leaves flat or convolute. Spikelets panicled, shining, pedicellate, two- or three-flowered, the upper flower imperfect. Glwmes two, keeled, awn- ` less, nearly equal, shorter than the flowers. Lower palea truncate, four-toothed, with a short, straight awn from above the middle; upper with two nerves, bifid, awnless. Scales entire. (Named in honour of M. Deschamps, one of the naturalists appointed to Lapeyrouse's disastrous expedition.) l. Deschampsia czespitosa (Pal. Beauv. Agrost. 91. t. 18. f. 3); glaberrima, nitida, culmis cæs- pitosis, foliis plerumque rigidis involutis, panicula diffusa, rhachi leevi, ramulis verticillatis scabridis, glumis glabris, floribus 2 sequilongis acutis, paleis glaberrimis superiore basi sericea apice erosa arista zequilonga Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 119 dorso ad medium inserta, superiore bifida zequilonga, setula ad basin floris secundi pedicellati villosa.—Nod. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 301. Aira cespitosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. 96. A. Kingii, Fl. Antarct. p. 376. t. 185. A. australis, Raoul, Choir des Plantes, p.12? (Gunn, 1464, 1465.) Has. Frequent in wet places, on low grounds, and the mountains.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) Disrris. Victoria, New Zealand, Fuegia, throughout temperate and Arctic Europe, Asia, and North America. (Native of England.) A very common and beautiful Grass, usually perfectly smooth, pale-yellow, and shining.—Cuims tufted, 6 inches to 23 feet high, slender, wiry. Leaves involute, sometimes setaceous. Panicle 3 inches to a foot long, loose, effuse; branches slender, whorled or fascicled, rough. Spikelets shining, yellow-green or purple, 4 inch long, two-flowered, with the villous pedicel of a third. Glumes nearly equal, acute, as long as the flowers, which are silky at the base, the upper on a long pedicel. Lower palea truncate, toothed at the tip with a short dorsal awn; upper as long, bifid. Gen. XVIII. TRISETUM, Kunth. Spicule 2—4-flore ; flore summo interdum tabescente. Give 2, carinatee, mutice, subequales v. inze- quales, floribus breviores. Palee 2; inferior bifida, dorso aristata, rarius mutica, arista tortili; superior bicarinata. Caryopsis libera, glabra.—Gramina plerumque monticola ; foliis planis v. involutis ; paniculis spicato-confertis, rarius diffusis. o The species of Trisetum are not numerous, and are generally mountain plants. One (T. subspicatum) is found on the mountains of most parts of the globe, when these are of sufficient altitude, inhabiting the Antarctic island» of Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, Campbell’s Island, and Tasmania, but has not hitherto been found in New Zealand.— Culms tufted. Leaves flat or convolute, smooth or downy. Panicles generally contracted and spike-like. Spikelets two- to four-flowered, the upper flower often incomplete. Glumes two, unegual or nearly equal, keeled, awnless, shorter than the flowers. Lower palea bifid, with two subulate teeth at the top, awned at the back (rarely awnless); awm twisted. Ovary glabrous. (Name from tres, three, and seta, a bristle.) l. Trisetum subspicatum (Pal. Beauv. Agrost. 88); cespitosum, foliis culmo brevioribus plani- usculis glabris pubescentibusve, culmo superne preecipue tomentoso, panicula subspicata densa subcylin- dracea, spiculis breve pedicellatis nitidis, glumis acuminatis puberulis floribus 2-3 brevioribus, palea in- feriore puberula acute bifida, arista retorta infra apicem inserta paleam seguante v. superante.— Kunth, En. Pl. i. 295 ; Nob. in Flor. Autarct. i. pp. 97 et 377. Aira subspicata, Zinn. Sp. Pl. ed. à. 95. (Gunn, 1484.) : Has. Common in alpine localities: Arthur's Lakes, etc., Gunn, Archer.—(Fl. Jan.) (v. v.) DrisrRrB. Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, mountains of Middle and Southern Europe, of Asia from the Himalaya northward, and of both North and South America, Fuegia, the Falkland Islands, and Campbell’s Island. An inconspicuous but very widely distributed Grass, variable in size and habit, 6-18 inches high, densely tufted.—Leaves soft and herbaceous, 4-8 inches long, smooth and glabrous, or pubescent. Culms erect, always more or less downy, especially below the panicle. Panicle 1-3 inches long, much contracted, spicate and cylindrical. Spikelets imbricated, on very short pedicels, pale greenish-white, shining, 2 lines long, two- or three- flowered. Stalks of the florets with long hairs. Lower palea downy, bifid, with two sharp teeth, and a recurved awn inserted a short distance below the apex, as long as or longer than the palea. In Tasmanian specimens the leaves are quite glabrous, but are often very downy in other parts of the world. 120 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Graminee. Gen. XIX. DANTHONIA, DC. Spieule 2-8-flore ; floribus distichis, summo tabescente. Glume 2, subcarinatee, muticee, subsequales, flores sequantes v. superantes. Palee 2; inferior barbata v. nuda, concava, multinervis, apice late et pro- funde bifida, inter lacinias muticas v. aristato-subulatas aristata; arista basi complanata, torta, v. brevis- sima, recta. Squamule 2, integre, glabre v. pilose. Ovarium stipitatum. Caryopsis compressa; libera. —Gramina cespitosa, plerumque rigida; foliis planis v. involutis; spiculis majusculis, pedicellatis, race- mosis v. paniculatis. Generally harsh, tufted Grasses, growing in dry soils and climates, as Australia, South Africa, and the South of Europe. The Tasmanian species are extremely difficult of discrimination, and I suspect that the first three should be reduced to only one.—Leaves flat or involute. Panicles rather contracted, of few large, often shining spikelets. Flowers two or more, the upper often imperfect. Glumes two, awnless, nearly equal, as long or longer than the flowers. Lower palea concave, many-nerved, bearded, bifid at the point, with a long or short flattened twisted awn. Ovary smooth, stipitate. Seed compressed. (Named in honour of M. Danthoine, a French Botanist.) $ 1. Lower palea furnished with several tufts of silky hairs on the sides. l. Danthonia pilosa (Br. Prodr. 177); culmis foliis setaceis vaginisque plus minusve molliter laxe patentim pilosis, panicula coarctata lanceolata, spieulis 6-floris glumis brevioribus, palea inferiore basi medioque barbata, fasciculis superioribus pilorum raris brevibus, aristis lateralibus elongatis palea longio- ribus glumis inclusis exsertisve, intermedia torta flosculo bis-ter longiore.— Trin. Sp. Gram.i. t. 51. Not. în Fl. N. Zeal. i. 303. D. Gunniana, Nees, Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 417. (Gunn, 585, 998.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island.— (Fl. Oct.—Jan.) (v. v.) Disrr1B. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand. A slender, tufted, rigid, wiry Grass.—Leaves setaceous, and culms (a span to 2 feet high) more or less covered with long scattered hairs. Panicle contracted, lanceolate or ovate, pale-green, 13-3 inches long. Spikelets erect, shining, with brown awns, six-flowered, 3 inch long. Glumes longer than the flowers. Lower palea with a tuft of silky hairs at the base, and a few small tufts above the middle; lateral awns twice as long as the palea, as long or longer than the glumes, half as long as the twisted middle awn. ~ 2. Danthonia semi-annularis (Br. Prodr. 177); culmis vaginis foliisgue glaberrimis, ore vagine longe barbato, foliis involutis elongatis setaceisve, panicula contracta pauciflora subsimplici, glamis floribus 5-6 multo longioribus, palea inferiore basi medioque barbata, fasciculis superioribus pilorum aristis latera- libus (palea eequilongis brevioribusve) zequilongis v. $ brevioribus, arista intermedia torta glumis «equilonga y. paulo longiore.—Lab. Fl. N. Holl. i. p. 26. 1.33; Trin. Sp. Gram. v. t. 52; Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 303. (Gunn, 1455, 1457.) Has. Abundant throughout the Island.— (Fl. Oct.-Jan.) (v. v.) DisrarB. Extratropical Australia and New Zealand. None of my specimens of this very common and variable Grass agree exactly with Mr. Brown’s description or with Labillardiêre's or Trinius's figures; nevertheless, after a very careful study of many forms and specimens from Tasmania and New Zealand, and of Labillardiêre's original ones, I am constrained to consider that neither plates nor descriptions answer to the common Tasmanian state of the plants, which have a short simple raceme, and awns generally longer than the glumes.—Cudms 6-20 inches high, and leaves and sheaths quite smooth and glabrous; mouth of the latter with long silky hairs. Panicle 2-4 inches long, narrow or effuse, eight- to fifteen- flowered, sparingly branched. Glumes 3 inch long, white or purple, five- or six-flowered. Flowers much shorter than the glumes, with an exserted, twisted middle awn (not so long, stout, and dark as D. pilosa). Lower palea Graminea. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 121 villous at the base, and with a series of tufts of hairs above the middle, which are generally shorter than the lateral awns : the latter do uot exceed the glumes in length. Ton New Zealand this Grass is as common and more variable than in Tasmania. 9. Danthonia setacea (Br. Prodr. 177); glaberrima, culmis foliis setaceis vaginisque glaberrimis, ore longe barbatis, panicula subsimplici, glumis (magnis) purpureis floribus 5 longioribus, palea inferiore basi medioque barbata, fasciculis superioribus pilorum palea «equilongis, aristis lateralibus filiformibus glumam «equantibus, intermedia torta longe exserta.—(Gunn, 1454.) Has. Northern and central parts of the Island; common.—(Fl. Nov.) DIsTRIB. Victoria. A stout, tufted species, very closely allied to D. semi-annularis, if not a mere variety of that plant, differing in the longer glumes, $ inch long, and longer black awns, of which the lateral are as long as the glumes, and the middle one one-third longer, and twisted. 4. Danthonia subulata (Hook. fil.) ; foliis brevibus filiformi-setaceis vaginisgue patentim hispido- pilosis demum glabratis, culmis gracillimis, panicula brevi erecta subsimplici pauciflora (purpurea), glumis sub-5-floris, palea inferiore basi medioque dense barbata pilis brevioribus, aristis lateralibus gracilibus palea duplo longioribus ultra glumas exsertis, intermedia paulo longiore gracili subtorta.— 4 D. setacea, Br. ? (Gunn, 1456.) (Tas. CLXI. 2.) Has. Georgetown and Launceston, Gunn ; Richmond, Oldfield. DIsrRrB. Victoria. A small, slender, densely tufted, very pretty and distinct species.— Leaves very slender, filiform, pilose, curved, 2-3 inches long. Culms a span to 15 inches long, very slender. Panicle 1-2 inches long, small, erect, five- to seven- flowered. GJumes purple, much longer than the five florets. Lower palea densely silky, with shorter hairs than in the preceding species. Lateral awns slender, exserted, twice as long as the palea, not quite so long as the intermediate one.—PLATE CLXI. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, pistil, squamule, and stamens :—all magnified. 5. Danthonia pauciflora (Br. Prodr. 177); rigida, parvula, culmis ceespitosis foliisque brevibus subulatis glaberrimis, racemo paucifloro, ramulis pubescenti-ciliatis, glumis subacutis flosculis 3-4 longiori- bus, palea inferiore basi medioque barbata, serie superiore villorum paleam superantibus, aristis lateralibus late subulatis paleam sequantibus, intermedia valida geniculata glumis inclusa. (Gunn, 1458.) (Tas. CLXII. A.) Haz. Top of Mount Wellington, Western Mountains, etc., Gunn, Archer. Disrris. Alps of Victoria. A very pretty and distinct little species. —Culms tufted, rigid, harsh, and wiry, quite smooth and glabrous, 3 inches high. Leaves 1 inch long, setaceous, blunt at the point. Panicle three- to six-flowered ; pedicels pilose and ciliated. Glumes short, purple, + inch long, with rather blunt points. Flowers three or four, short. Lower palea very villous, with tufts of long hairs above the middle; lateral awns broad, as long as the palea; middle one bent, very stout, short, included in the glumes.—PLaTE CLXII. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, flower; 3, pistil, stamen, and squamule :—all magnified. $ 2. AMPHIBROMUS. — Lower palea hairy or silky, but without tufts of hairs. 6. Danthonia nervosa (Hook. fil.) ; scaberula v. glabra, spiculis racemosis, glumis obtusiusculis erosis inegualibus inferiore basi 3-nervi superiore 5-nervi, flosculis basi villosis, palea inferiore scaberula coriacea 7-nervi bifida apicibus erosis dorso supra medium arista tortili elongata, superiore bidentata.— Avena? nervosa, Br. Prodr. 178. A. hydrophila, F. Muell. MSS. Amphibromus nervosus, Nees, in VOL. II. ax 122 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Graminee. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 420. A. Neesii, Steud. Syn. Glum. 828. A. junceus, Nees, in Herb. Lindl. (Gunn, 1493, 995.) (Tas. CLXIIT. A.) Has. Wet places: Formosa, Guan. Distris. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. A tall, slender, smooth- or slightly rough-leaved Grass.—Oulms slender, 2-3 feet high, leafy. Leaves long and slender, flat; ligula very long, sharp, and membranous. Panicle, or rather raceme, inclined or nodding, a span long and upwards, with few slender, distant, one- or two-flowered branches, which, as well as the pedicels, are rough with short hairs. Spikelets pale-green, nearly 3 inch long. Florets pedicelled, about five, terete, much longer than the glumes; pedicels with hairy tips. Glumes unequal, pale and transparent, blunt, erose; lower smaller, three-nerved at the base; upper five-nerved. Lower palea with a tuft of hairs at the base, opaque, hard, scabrous, seven-nerved, bifid at the top, the segments erose. dwn arising from above the middle, bent, twisted, black, rigid, stout, three or four times as long as the palea. Upper palea narrow, with two sharp tips, and ciliated keels.—PrATE CLXIIL 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, stamens, squamule, and pistil; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. e 7. Danthonia Archeri (Hook. fiL); panicula nutante, glumis 2-4-floris coloratis apice acutis erosis, floribus basi villosis, palea inferiore scaberula laciniis brevibus subintegris muticis v. aristatis. (Gunn, 995.) (Tas. CLXXII. B.) Has. Northern parts of the Island, Gunn ; Cheshunt, ArcAer.—(Fl. Dec.) Panicle broader than in A. nervosus, more erect; lower branches whorled. Glumes fewer-flowered. Lower palea more glabrous, with its divisions sometimes terminating in straight, black, subulate points or awns.— PLATE CLXXII. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, stamens, squamule, and pistil; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. Gen. XXI. GLYCERIA, Br. Spieule multiflore; floribus distichis, imbricatis, hermaphroditis. G/wme 2, concave, obtuse ; inferior brevior. Palee 2, subequilonge ; inferior ovato-elliptica, obtusa v. obtuse 3-loba, 7-nervis. Syuamula solitaria v. 2 plus minusve inter se connate. Stamina 2-8. Caryopsis oblonga, libera.—Gramina aquatica, repentia ; foliis planis; panicule simplices v. ramose ; ramis fasciculatis, subverticillatis. A small genus of aquatic Grasses, whose seeds have been used as bread-corn in time of famine, and called Manna.—Leaves flat. Culms creeping below. Panicle long, simple, and racemose, or more branched with whorled branches. Glumes concave, blunt, many-flowered. Flowers numerous, imbricated on a flexuous rachis, all her- maphrodite. Lower palea elliptical, oval, blunt, or with three blunt teeth and seven nerves; upper rather shorter Stamens two or three. Seed free. (Name from yAvxepos, sweet; in allusion to the eatable grains.) l. Glyceria fluitans (Br. Prodr. 179); scaberula v. glabrata, panicula suberecta elongata rara, ramulis paucifloris, glumis ineegualibus l-nerviis, floribus 5—7 rhachi flexuosa remotis, pálea inferiore mu- tica 7-nervi scaberula subacuta.—Festuca fluitans, Zinn. Sp. Pl. iii. Poa fluitans, Engl. Bot. t. 1520. (Gunn, 994.) Has. Wet places; common.—(Fl. Nov.) (v.v.) (Native of Britain.) DisrRIB. Australia, India, Europe, Northern Asia, North Africa, Northern and tropical America. A tall Grass, 2-4 feet high, with slender, smooth or scabrid culms.—Leaves flat, with a membranous ligula. Panicle a span to a foot long, suberect or nodding, with few, slender, distant, sessile or pedicelled spikelets, that are five- to seven-flowered, and each 32 inch long. Glumes unequal, blunt, one-nerved. Florets distant, on a flexuous rachis. Lower palea blunt, seven-nerved, scabrous. Sguamula solitary, fleshy. — Stigmas very much divided. Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 123 2. Glyceria stricta (Nob. in Fl. N. Zeal. i. 304); glaberrima, culmis cespitosis strictis foliosis, foliis brevibus strictis involutis, panicula stricta erecta contracta, ramis pedicellisque brevibus strictis, glumis insequalibus acutis superiore 3-nervi, flosculis 6-14 confertis, palea inferiore glaberrima acuta coriacea, nervis inconspicuis, squamula oblonga.—Poa Syrtica, Muell. MSS. (Gunn, 1463.) (TaB. CLXII. B.) Has. Marsh at Launceston, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) DisrRiB. Victoria, New Zealand. A very different-looking species from G. fluitans, of a pale-yellow colour.—Culms 14-2 feet high, strict, stout, leafy throughout, perfectly glabrous everywhere. Sheaths of leaves long, striate, rather swollen; ligula short, broad, membranous. Lamina short, 2-4 inches, subulate, strict, erect, involute. Panicle 4-6 inches long, very slender, strict, with short, stout, erect, appressed branches. Spikelets terete, rather crowded, pale-yellow, almost shining, 4 inch long. Flowers six or seven to fourteen, closely imbricated. Glumes unequal, sharp; upper three-nerved. Palee quite glabrous, coriaceous; lower sharp, with obscure nerves. Sguamula ovate.— Tasmanian specimens are much larger than the New Zealand ones, but not otherwise different.—PrATE CLXII. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, squamule, pistil, and stamens; 4, caryopsis :—all magnified. Gen. XXII. POA, LZ. Spieule 2-8-fore; floribus distichis, hermaphroditis, nune basi lanatis, interdum abortu dioicis: Glume 2, mutice, subzquales. Palee 2, mutice; inferior obtusiuscula carinata v. concava ; superior bica- rinata. Squamule 9. Stamina 2-8. Caryopsis libera, v. paleæ superiori adherens.—Gramina plerumque extratropica; foliis planis, rarius setaceis ; spiculis majusculis, pedicellatis, paniculatis, rarius racemosis v. sessilibus et spicatis. 2 A very large genus, found in all parts of the world, but most frequent beyond the tropics and in cold climates, where they often form extensive pastures.—Zeaves generally soft and flat, sometimes setaceous. Spikelets two- or many-flowered ; flowers sometimes unisexual, glabrous, or webbed with wool at the base. Glumes awnless, nearly equal. Lower palea blunt, awnless. Stamens one to three. Seed free or adhering to the upper palea.—The spe- cies of this genus are extremely variable, especially those of Australia and New Zealand, which often assume widely different forms. (Name, the Greek one.) 1. Poa australis (Br. Prodr. 179); rigida, scabra v. glaberula v. polita, culmis dense ceespitosis foliis setaceo-involutis filiformibusve longioribus v. sequilongis, ligula brevissima, panicula effusa rarius contracta, ramis paucifloris inferioribus capillaribus, glumis scabris 3—7-floris, floribus remotis approxi- matisve, palea inferiore 5-nervi apice scariosa obtusa basi plus minusve lanata v. nuda.—P. australis, P. levis, e£ P. plebeja, Br. Prodr. l. c. Var. a. Billardieri ; 1-2-pedalis, glaberrima, polita, culmis inferne ramosis foliis spithameis tereti- involutis longioribus eequilongisve, panicula lanceolata contracta, spiculis confertis majusculis, glumis acutis floribusque 5 approximatis scabris basi parce lanatis : (descript. ab exempl. Labillard.).—Arundo poxformis, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. 21. t. 35. Var. B. monticola ; glaberrima v. scaberula, culmis brevibus densissime ceespitosis pedalibus foliis setaceo-involutis longioribus, panicula ovata subcontracta v. effusa, spiculis majusculis 3-7-floris, glumis acutis floribusque remotis scaberulis, palea inferiore subtruncata purpurea marginibus albis apice sepissime membranacea basi parce villosa v. nuda.—P. levis, Br. Prodr. l. c. (Gunn, 1466.) Var. y. Sieberiana ; scabrida v. glaberrima, foliis setaceis filiformibus culmo eeguilongis brevioribusve, panicula ovata contracta v. effusa, ramis inferioribus capillaribus elongatis, spiculis parvis purpureis 124 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Gramineae. viridibusve 3-6-floris, glumis flosculisque remotis glabratis v. scaberulis, palea inferiore oblonga v. lineari basi parce lanata rarius nuda.—P. Sieberiana, Kunth, fid. Nees, in Herb. Lindley. P. effusa, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. ìi. 418. (Gunn, 596, 1010, 597.) Var. 8. capillifolia ; scabrida v. glaberrima, foliis capillaceo-setaceis culmo brevioribus, panicula con- tracta v. rarius effusa, ramis inferioribus capillaceis elongatis, spiculis viridibus parvis 3-6-floris, glumis flosculisque remotis scaberulis, palea inferiore oblonga v. lineari basi nuda. (Gunn, 596, 1469, 1468, 1470.) Has. Throughout Tasmania; most abundant. Var. a. By the sea-shore in sandy places. Var. 8. Tops of all the mountains, forming the common pasture-grass. Var. y and ô are the most common Grasses in the Island. Var. 8, “ Silver Grass,” not eaten by cattle (Oldfield) —(v. v.) ^ Disrrib. Extratropical New Holland, and New Zealand. I have, with reluctance, but latterly without hesitation, united the widely different-looking forms of Poa australis under one, after repeated examination of many hundreds of specimens collected in masses in many parts of Tasmania by Mr. Gunn, myself, and others, together with copious suites from New Holland and New Zealand, and I am further inclined to add to them the following (P. affinis). The Festuca ovina is one of the few equally variable British Grasses. The extreme states are: (1) a perfectly smooth, shining, stout Grass, with culms 2 feet high, branching below, long leaves that have broad sheaths, and rather compact panicles of scabrous ovate spike- lets, having villous flowers placed close together; this I have called var. a; it is described from Labillardiere’s spe- cimens (of Arundo poeformis) and Mr. Gunn’s, but does not agree (in not having scabrid leaves) with Brown’s character of P. australis under which Labillardiêre's plant is quoted as a synonym: (2) var. 6, a densely tufted Grass, often not so long as the finger (though sometimes 13 foot high), with a dense brush of filiform, short or long leaves, a very slender culm, and effuse, capillary panicle, of small, nearly glabrous, green spikelets, having naked, linear, remote florets.—Between these widely different forms are the common one, of a rough or smooth, setaceous-leaved Grass, 1-2 feet high, with a slender culm, and effuse, erect, ovate panicle of green or purple spikelets.—Glumes scabrous, three- to seven-flowered. Flowers close or distant, oblong, or linear and narrow, glabrous or scabrous, bearded with long wool, or naked below.—I have no doubt that, as Mr. Brown suggests, his P. plebeja, P. levis, and P. affinis are all common varieties of this one plant, but his descriptions do not enable me to identify the common Tasmanian forms, nor do 1 find that Nees von Esenbeck, who named a set of Mr. Gunn's Grasses for Dr. Lindley's Herbarium, has divided them at all satisfactorily. 2. Poa affinis (Br. Prodr. 179); glabra, scaberula v. scabrida, culmis elongatis foliosis, foliis elongatis planiusculis involuto-setaceisve, ligula brevissima, panicula elongata contracta, ramis inferioribus elongatis erectis, spiculis scabris ovato-lanceolatis contractis, glumis acutis, floribus subremotis obtusis subacutisve, palea inferiore 5-nervi inferne ciliata v. barbata.— P. australis, 8; spiculis viridibus, foliis subinde plani- usculis, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 418. (Gunn, 1012, 595.) Has. Northern parts of 'Tasmania, Zawrence, Gunn, etc. : Disteıs. Australia, south of the tropics, New Zealand. I refer this doubtfully to Mr. Brown's P. afinis, which is described as having the leaves smooth below, whereas these are scabrid. It is a common Australian and New Zealand Grass, and is both smooth and scabrid in these countries, and in all it approaches far too nearly P. australis, if indeed it should not rather be pronounced a variety of that plant.—A much larger plant than P. australis, 2-3 feet high, with a coarse, stout, leafy culm. Leaves longer than the culm, involute or almost flat. Panicle nearly a span long, contracted, with erect, appressed branches, and small green spikelets. Glumes acute, rather scabrid. Lower palea sometimes almost sharp, naked or bearded at the base. 3. Poa tenera (Mueller, MSS.); debilis, glaberrima v. scaberula, culmis ramosis tenuibus foliosis, Graminee.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 125 foliis angustis planiusculis, ligula mediocri membranacea, panicula effusa, ramis capillaribus paucifloris, spiculis parvis pallidis 3-5-floris, floribus remotis, palea inferiore obtusa 5-nervi dorso marginibusgue pubescente basi nuda v. parce barbata.—P. saxicola, Br. ?, var. effusa, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 418. (Gunn, 1009.) (Tas. CLXIV. A.) Has. Common in woods and shaded places, Gunn, Oldfield, Archer.—(v. v.) DIsTRIB. Victoria. A much more flaccid, slender, and weaker straggling plant than any state of P. australis, well distinguished from it by the membranous ligula when that organ is present.—Culms slender, sometimes flaccid and climbing, 1-8 feet long, branched, leafy at the joints. Leaves very narrow, usually flat, green, with rather long, membranous ligule. Panicle slender, effuse or contracted ; branches capillary. Spikelets few. Glumes three- to five-flowered, acute. Flowers distant. Lower palea glabrous, except at the back and margins, which are pubescent or ciliated, sometimes a little bearded at the base.— This cannot be Mr. Brown's P. sazicola, though M. Nees has so con- sidered it in Herb. Lindley, the panicle being effuse, not simple and contracted, the ligula is often wanting, the leaves are very narrow, and often involute.—PrATE CLXIV. 4. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, pistil, stamens, and squamule :—all magnified. 4. Poa saxicola (Br. Prodr. 180); culmis cespitosis elongatis basi foliosis, foliis breviusculis latis planis scaberulis, ligula lata mediocri membranacea, panicula coarctata subsimplici, spiculis coloratis ellip- tico-lanceolatis glabratis turgidis, glumis obtusis margine pubescentibus 3—4-floris, floribus confertis, palea inferiore obtusa lata coriacea enervi glaberrima margine pubescente, superiore carinis ciliatis. (Gunn, 1466.) | (Tas. CLXIV. 2.) Has. Mount Wellington, Brown, Gunn. Quite a different-looking Grass from any state of P. australis : I have very few specimens of it.—Culms strict, 18 inches high, smooth, leafy at the very base. Leaves 3-4 inches long, broad, linear, flat, scaberulous ; ligula broad, membranous. Panicle 11—21 inches long, strict, erect, nearly simple, of few, short, appressed, one- to four- flowered branches. Spikelets shining, turgid, purplish. Glumes blunt, glabrous, with downy edges. Flowers closely imbricating, broad, and blunt. Lower palea smooth, glabrous, concave, coriaceous, purple, with white, downy edges; upper with two ciliated keels. Squamule ovate.—Having so few specimens, some allowance must be made for probable variations from this description PLA CLXIV. B. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, sguamulse, sta- men, and pistil :—all magnified. Oss. I have what is probably a fifth Tasmanian Poa, from Mr. Gunn (1491), Penquite ; glabrous, with smooth, short, plane leaves, and membranous ligula, long, slender culm, and effuse panicle of whorled branches; the spike- lets and flowers are nearly smooth, smaller than in P. sazicola, and sparingly woolly or ciliated below. Obs. Poa annua, L., has been introduced into Tasmania. (Gunn, 1472, 1483.) Gen. XXIII. K(ELERIA, Pers. Spicule 2-3-(rarius 3—4-)florz, foribus distichis compressis nitidis scariosis. Glume carinate, mu- tice, ineguales. Palea inferior acuta, mutica, v. apice v. infra apicem breviter aristata; superior apice bifida. Sguamule 2, inzequales, 2-3-fide. Caryopsis libera.—Gramina temperatis hemispheriz borealis australisque rara; culmis c@spitosis ; foliis planis; paniculis confertis, spieaformibus ; spiculis pedicellatis. A small genus of Grasses, scattered over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, of which one mania and New Zealand, and in many other parts of the world it European and American species is found in Tas is scarcely distinguishable generically from Poa or Festuca.—Culms tufted. Leaves flat or involute. Spikelets pedi- d, clustered into a dense cylindrical, whitish, shining spike, small, two- or three-, rarely many-flowered, the upper 2x celle VOL. II. 126 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Graminee. flowers imperfect. Glumes keeled, unequal, awnless. Lower palea sharp, awnless or awned at the tip or back; upper bifid at the point. Caryopsis free. (Named in honour of G. L. Keler, an author on French and German Grasses.) 1. Keeleria cristata (Pers. Synops. i. 97); glaberrima, v. vaginis foliisgue puberulis, panicula spicata elongata erecta basi interrupta nitida, glumis subacutis 2-5-floris floribus brevioribus, palea infe- riore acuminata v. breviter aristata.—Fl. N. Zeal. i. 305. Aira, Linn. ; Eng. Bot. t. 648. (Gunn, 586, 587.) Has. Macquarrie Plains, and other parts of the Colony, Gunn.— (Fl. Nov.) (Abundant in Great Britain.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, Europe, temperate North Africa, India, South Africa, and North and South America. A handsome Grass, 1-3 feet high, conspicuous for its white, shining, spiked panicle of compressed spikelets, awnless, or with inconspicuous awns.—Whole plant more or less downy or glabrous. Leaves flat, a span long, narrow. Panicle spiked, erect, 3-5 inches long, interrupted at the lower parts. Spikelets very variable in size, imbricate, erect, two- to five-flowered. Glumes shorter than the flowers, unequal, acute. Lower palea acuminate or with a short awn at the apex or back below the point. Gen. XXIV. FESTUCA, Z. Spieule bi-multiflore. Glume 2 (raro in $ Vulpia 1), carinate, inequales, acuminate, mutice. Palee 2; inferior carinata, apice acuta v. aristata interdum bidenticulata; superior bicarinata. Squamule 2, bifide. Stamina 1-3. Stigmata terminalia v. lateralia. Caryopsis glabra, libera, v. palew superiori adherens.—Folia plana v. setacea; spicule plerumque pedicellate, paniculate v. racemose ; rachilla arti- culata. A large genus of Grasses, almost confined to temperate and cold regions, forming extensive pasture-lands in the alps of Europe and elsewhere.— Leaves flat or subulate. Spikelets pedicelled, panicled, or racemose, rarely spiked. Flowers often numerous, on a jointed partial rachis. Glumes two (sometimes one in § Vulpia), keeled. Palee two; lower acute, keeled, often with a terminal awn, or rarely toothed or bifid at the apex. Scales two, bifid, smooth. Stamens one to three. Styles terminal, or inserted below the apex. Caryopsis free, or adhering to the upper palea.—I know of no certain technical character but the acuminate and often awned lower palea to sepa- rate this genus from Poa. (Name, a Latin one of uncertain application.) a. Lower palea entire at the apex. l. Festuca duriuscula (Linn. Sp. Pl. 108); stricta, erecta, glaberrima, culmis ceespitosis basi foliosis, foliis setaceo-involutis strictis erectis v. patulis, panicula elongata coarctata, ramis brevibus elonga- tisve paucifloris, glumis 6-8-floris inzequalibus acutis floribus brevioribus, floribus linearibus remotis sca- bridis, palea inferiore basi nuda acuminata aristata.— Zug. Bot. t. 470; Fl. Antarct. ii. 383; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 309. (Gunn, 994.) Has. Wet places: Formosa, Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) (Native of England.) | Disrrrs. Temperate and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, New Zealand, Chili, and Fuegia. A widely-distributed Grass, found in almost all temperate and cold climates. It forms a great proportion of the alpine pasture Grass in the moorlands of the British Islands, and is extremely variable in stature and habit.— Quite smooth, generally shining. Culms densely tufted, leafy chiefly at the base, 1-3 feet high, strict, slender. Leaves setaceous, often long and filiform, sometimes short and rigid. Panicle an inch to a span long, erect, narrow, contracted or spreading, few-flowered ; branches erect, long or short, slender. Glumes acuminate or acute, shorter than the flowers, four- to eight-flowered. Flowers narrow, remote, glabrous. Lower palea acuminate, awned, gene- rally scabrid. Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 127 2. Festuca (Vulpia) bromoides (Linn. Sp. Pl. 109); annua, glaberrima, culmis plurimis dense ceespitosis foliosis, foliis filiformibus involutis, vaginis elongatis, ligula membranacea, panicula contracta unilaterali racemosa, ramis brevibus erectis, spiculis sessilibus 8—10-floris levibus scaberulisve, glumis uni- lateralibus valde ineequalibus subulato-acuminatis, floribus approximatis anguste lanceolatis, palea inferiore longe aristata, arista scaberula.— Engl. Bot. t. 1411. F. plebeia, Br. Prodr. 183; Fl. Antarct. ìi. 384. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 309. F. Stuartiana, Steud. Syn. Glum. 304. Vulpia rectiseta, F. Muell. in Herb. Hook. Var. 8. tenella ; culmis brevibus capillaribus 1—3-floris. Has. Abundant in dry pastures, etc.—(Fl. Oct.-Jan.) (v.v.) (A native of England.) DrsrRiB. Throughout the northern temperate hemisphere; common also in the south, but generally introduced ; Australia and New Zealand. A very common Grass, native of Europe and (generally naturalized) of other parts of the world. It has pos- sibly been introduced into Tasmania, though found by Mr. Brown there upwards of half a century ago.—An annual Grass, very variable in size, from 2 inches to 2 feet, always perfectly smooth. Culms densely tufted, simple, more or less leafy upwards, slender; in var. D as slender as a thread. Leaves narrow, involute, filiform; sheaths long. Panicle generally 1-3 inches long, erect, contracted, rather dense, sometimes reduced in var. ß to one spikelet; branches short, erect, appressed. Spikelets rather crowded, shortly pedicelled, three- to ten-flowered, 3 inch long with the awns. Glumes narrow, subulate, the upper much the longest, strongly nerved, placed at one side of the base of the spikelet. Flowers close together on a slender rachis. Lower palea scabrous or smooth, concave, narrow, lanceolate, tapering into a long, scabrid, hair-like awn. 3. Festuca distichophylla (Hook. fil.); culmis brevibus ramosis rigidis glaberrimis levibus folio- sis, vaginis imbricatis, foliis distichis involutis setaceis strictis, ligula brevissima, panicula racemosa termi- nali pauciflora, spiculis sessilibus levibus compressis 8-10-floris, floribus arcte imbricatis, glumis ovatis acuminatis floribus brevioribus, palea inferiore late ovata acuminata striato-nervosa.— Poa distichophylla, Br. Prodr. 182. Uniola distichophylla, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 21. t. 24. (Gunn, 414.) Has. Northern coast, growing on the shore, often within high-water mark.—(Fl. Nov.) DisrRrB. Extratropical coasts of Australia. A rigid, harsh, perfectly smooth and polished Grass, forming large dense tufts near the sea.—Cuims a span to 12 foot long, much branched, leafless below. Leaves spreading or erect, on opposite sides of the culm; sheaths round; blade involute, setaceous, 1-3 inches long, stiff; ligula very short. Panicle an erect, short, ovate, com- pressed raceme of about five large, shortly pedicelled, compressed spikelets, each 4-4 inch long, and eight- to ten- - flowered. Glumes ovate, acuminate, concave. Flowers closely imbricate, striated, broadly ovate, acuminate. Stigmas purple.—I regret being obliged to place this plant in Festuca in opposition to Mr. Brown’s authority, who refers it to Poa: but I know of no natural limits between these two genera, and the only artificial one that appears useful or tenable lies in the comparative sharpness or bluntness of the lower palea, which in this plant is decidedly acu- minate. The flowers are sometimes infested with the Ergot, which is a black cylindrical body, the diseased growth of the ovary after being attacked by a species of Fungus. b. Lower palea sometimes minutely toothed at the apex. 4. Festuca Hookeriana (F. Muell. MSS.) ; elata, erecta, culmis vaginisque levibus scaberulisve, foliis breviusculis planis coriaceis utrinque scaberulis, ligula brevi coriacea, panicula effusa nutante, ramis elongatis, spiculis majusculis 6—8-floris, glumis carina marginibusque ciliatis, inferiore 3-nervi superiore 5-nervi, rachilla pilosa v. barbata, palea inferiore 7 -nervi apice aristata v. sub apice bifida breviter aristata carina scaberula, superiore apice bidentata carinis pectinatis. (TB. CLXV.) Has. Cheshunt, 4reAer.—(Fl. Nov.) Distris. Alps of Victoria, Mueller. 198 - FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Graminee. This fine Grass resembles the Festuca spadicea of Europe, and still more the F. Kingiana of Fuegia. I have seen only one good Tasmanian specimen, and several Victoria ones, which latter, though all referred to one species by Mueller, present a good deal of variation, and may possibly belong to two. In all the young flowers, previous to expansion, the ovary has terminal stigmas, but in older ones, after flowering, the caryopsis appears to be obovate, deeply furrowed, almost bilobed, with the stigmas placed on the broad face below the apex ; the ripe caryopsis again is nearly straight, with terminal stigmas. In some of Mueller's specimens the upper palea is quite entire, termi- nating in a short awn; in others, and in the Tasmanian, it is split at the apex, and the short, straight awn arises from the fork. This plant hence oscillates (like Festuca Kingiana) between Festuca and Bromus, or else the speci- mens are of two species, so like as to be almost undistinguishable, but yet belonging to two different genera !— A tall, stout, handsome Grass, 2-4 feet high. Culms and leaves smooth or scabrid. Leaves flat, rigid, coriaceous, rough. Panicles drooping, 6-10 inches long, with slender, spreading branches; the lower branches geminate. Spikelets few, distant, on ciliate pedicels, about 2 inch long, pale-green when young, six- to eight-flowered. Flowers rather distant, on a hairy or sparingly villous rachis. Outer palea with seven nerves, scabrid margins and keel, and a short, straight awn, either terminal or rising from the split apex of the palea. Sguamule acuminate, obliquely lanceolate, bilobed. Ovary glabrous.—PLATE CLXV. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, flower; 3, squamule, stamens, and pistil; 4, ovary; 5, caryopsis ; 6, spikelet, from Victoria specimen; 7, young caryopsis from ditto; 8, caryopsis of ditto :—all magnified. 5. Festuca littoralis (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. 22. t. 27); glaberrima, culmis cespitosis inferne - ramosis erectis strictis rigidis foliosis, foliis erectis involutis teretibus apicibus pungentibus culmo longio- ribus, panicula elongata coarctata, ramis brevibus, spiculis (magnis) compressis, glumis lanceolatis acumi- natis, floribus sub-6 imbricatis, palea inferiore pubescente carinata obscure 3-dentata basi nuda v. barbata. — Br. Prodr. 178; Fl. Antarct. i. p. 99. Poa littoralis, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 22. t. 27. Arundo trio- dioides, Zrin. Sp. Gram. iii. 4. 351. Schenodorus Billardierianus, Nees, Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 419. S. littoralis, Pal. Beauv. Agrost.; Fl. N. Zeal. i. p. 309. (Gunn, 986.) Has. Abundant; rocks and sand-hills near the coast.—(Fl. Nov.) (v. v.) Disrris. East, west, and southern coasts of extratropical New Holland; New Zealand; Lord Auck- land’s Island. : Forms dense hard tufts, of a pale-yellow colour.—Culms 1-3 feet high, and leaves perfectly smooth, glabrous and polished, shining, striated, rigid, wiry, branched at the base. Leaves involute, terete, sharp, almost pungent, longer than the culms. Panieles 3-10 inches long, slender, pale yellow-green, with a rigid rachis, and short, erect branches. Spikelets broad, compressed, five-flowered, 4-3 inch long. Glumes acuminate, shorter than the flowers, which are pubescent. Lower palea sharp, three-toothed at the tip. Gen. XXV. TRITICUM, Z. Spicule spicatee, rachi parallele, tri-multiflore, floribus distichis. Glume 2, subopposite, ineguales v. subzquales. — Pa/ez 2; superior bicarinata, carinis ciliatis. Squamule 2, integre, sepius ciliate. Ovarium apice pilosum. Caryopsis libera v. paleis adnata.—Folia plana; spicule rachi continua spicate ; floribus rachilla sepius articulata sessilibus. This genus, which includes the cultivated Wheat, is found in various parts of the world.—Culms branched at the base. Leaves flat. Spikelets arranged in generally a dense spike, parallel to the unjointed rachis, three- to many-flowered. Glumes two, nearly equal. Palee two; upper with two ciliated keels. Scales two, entire, often ciliated. Ovary hairy at the top, free, or with the palee adhering to it. (Name originally given to the wheat grain, from éritwm, beaten; in allusion to the operation of threshing.) l. Triticum scabrum (Br. Prodr. 178); culmis cespitosis gracilibus vaginisque leevibus (rarius Graminee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 129 scaberulis), foliis planis v. involutis utrinque scabris (rarius levibus) striatis, spica 2—10-flora, spiculis sca- berulis 4-8-floris, glumis lanceolatis subeegualibus nervosis palea flosculo duplo brevioribus, palea inferiore basi levi enervi superne scaberula carinata in aristam validam lente recurvam scabridam palea bis terve longiorem angustata.—FZ, N. Zeal. i. 311. Festuca scabra, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 22. t. 26. Vulpia Browniana, Nees, in Plant. Preiss. ii. 107, in note. P. scabra, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 419. (Gunn, 993.) Has. Common, especially in dry and sandy places near the sea, etc.—(Fl. Oct.-Dec.) (v. v.) Distrıs. Extratropical Australia and New Zealand. A very common and variable Grass, never attaining so large a sized spikelet, and being generally more scabrid in Tasmania than in the moister climate of New Zealand.—Culms tufted, slender, 3 inches to 2 feet high, some- times capillary with only one spikelet, varying in such cases just as Festuca bromoides does. Culms and sheaths generally quite smooth. Leaves usually very scabrid on both surfaces, 1-4 inches long, flat or involute. Spike 4— 6 inches long, two- to eight-flowered. Spikelets scabrous, erect, alternate, 11-24 inches long, including the awns. Glumes unequal or nearly equal, often very small, sometimes half as long as the pales (without the awns), lanceo- late, nerved. Lower palea smooth and nerveless below, keeled and scabrid above, produced into a long, rigid, slightly recurved awn twice or thrice as long as itself. 2. Triticum pectinatum (Br. Prodr. p. 179); culmis dense cespitosis strictis erectis basi foliosis inferne vaginisque leevibus superne pubescenti-scaberulis, foliis ciliato-scabridis, spica brevi, rachi flexuosa, spiculis patentibus demum reflexis 3-6-floris, glumis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis nervosis parce ciliatis flosculo 4 brevioribus, palea inferiore ciliata nervosa in aristam rigidam scabram palea breviorem angustata. —T. Brownii, Kunth, Agrost. 447. Festuca pectinata, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 21. t. 25. Vulpia pecti- nata, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 419. Agropyron pectinatum, Beauv. Agrost. 101. (Gunn, 999, 1474.) Has. Hampshire Hills and Recherche Bay, etc., Gunn.—(Fl. Nov.) Disrris. Victoria. A remarkable and very distinct Grass.—Culms densely tufted and branched at the very base, 4-13 foot high, glabrous and smooth below; upper part pubescent and rough, as is the flexuose rachis of the spike. Sheaths of the leaves quite glabrous and smooth. Leaves all at the base of the culm, ciliated with rigid, spreading, white -hairs. Spike 2-3 inches long, of eight to fourteen spikelets, which are erect when young, spread horizontally when in flower, and deflexed in fruit: each is 3 inch long. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, nerved, ciliated, acuminate, 1 shorter than the palea. Florets three to six, spreading, ciliated with long white hairs, rigid. Lower palea strongly nerved, narrowed into a rigid, scabrid, sharp awn. 3. Triticum velutinum (Nees); totum molliter pubescens v. velutinum, culmis ceespitosis basi foliosis, foliis brevibus, spica pauci-6-S-flora, spiculis subconfertis breviusculis erectis 8-floris, flosculis patulis scaberulis, glumis nervosis subzequalibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis paleis brevioribus, palea infe- 'riore nervosa in aristam brevem subulatam angustata.-—A gropyrum velutinum, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 416. (Gunn, 110.) Has. Middlesex Plains and Surrey Hills, Gunz.—(Fl. Jan.) DisrRiB. Alps of Victoria. Very distinct from either of the former species.—Culms 4-13 foot high, strict, erect, stout, wholly covered, as are the leaves on both sides and their sheaths, with soft down. Leaves at the base of the culm short. Spikes short, 14-2 inches long, of four to six broad, erect spikelets, which are rather crowded, and 4 inch broad. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, shorter than the florets, which are about eight, and spreading. Lower palea nerved, scabrid, ending in a short, rigid, black awn. VOL. II. 21 130 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Filices. Crass ACOTYLEDONES. Nat. Orv. I. FILICES. Tasmania, as compared with the drier continent of Australia, is very rich in Ferns (including Lyco- podiacea, etc.), but poor if compared with the New Zealand Islands, which have just twice as many Ferns, and not much more than half as many flowering plants, as Tasmania possesses. Tropical Australia contains about as many Ferns as Tasmania, almost all of them belonging to different species. New South Wales and Victoria (that is, South-eastern Australia) contain about as many as Tasmania, whilst South-west Australia presents scarcely a dozen species. The Tasmanian Ferns are almost unexceptionally identical with New Zealand ones, and many have a very wide range indeed. Tribe I. GLEICHENIACER, Br.— Capsules 2-4, sessile, bursting longitudinally, completely surrounded by an | oblique or transverse striated ring. Gen. I. GLEICHENIA, Smith. Involuerum 0, v. e margine frondis revolute. — Capsule in quovis soro 1-6, sessiles, annulo completo cincte, longitudinaliter dehiscentes.—Rhizoma repens. A large genus, of coriaceous, rigid, opaque Ferns, chiefly natives of the tropics, Australia, and New Zealand. A few are found in Japan, Owhyhee, and temperate South America.—Rhizome creeping, often chaffy or woolly, as is the whole plant sometimes. Stipes erect, rigid, sometimes very small and slender. Frond dichotomously branched; divisions simple or pinnate. Pinne narrow, pinnatifid ; the segments generally convex, sometimes with revolute margins, which form an involucre. Sori of one to six sessile capsules, that burst longitudinally, each sur- rounded by a complete ring, placed at the end or middle or axil of the simple or forked veinlets.— The microscopic characters of a naked sorus, consisting of very few capsules, and a complete ring surrounding the sessile capsule, which bursts from the base to the apex, are certain marks of this genus. (Name in honour of K. W. F. von Gleichen, a German author on mieroscopic plants.) $ 1. EUGLEICHENIA.— Sorvs at the apex of a veinlet. Segments of the pinne broad, short. l. Gleichenia microphylla (Br. Prodr. 161); fronde dichotome ramosa, ramis divaricatis pin- natis, pinnis pinnatifidis glabris, lobis subrotundis ovatisve planis concavisve, marginibus non inflexis, capsulis 1-4 exsertis, rachibus stipitegue superne hirtis, pilis ferrugineis rachi sepius stellatis.— Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 3. t. 2 A. G. semivestita, Labill. Sert. Nov. Cal. p. 8. t. 11. G. Spelunce, Guill. Ic. Plant. Rar. t. 12. (Gunn, 13, 1500, 1502.) Has. Common in loose forest land, etc. : Georgetown, Macquarrie Harbour, ete.—(v. v.) Distrib. New South Wales and Victoria, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Malay Islands. (Cultivated’ in England.) Fronds 15—3 feet high. Stipes terete, slender, generally smooth, often shining below, woolly or chaffy above. Branches dichotomous, spreading, a span to a foot long, forked and pinnate ; rachis chaffy, and covered with scat- tered, stellate, rusty-red hairs. Pinne 14-2 inches long, 2 inch broad, shining above, often glaucous below, there covered with long, weak, lax, deciduous hairs, or perfectly glabrous; costa often chaffy in the young state, smooth in the old. Segments broadly oblong or rounded, not cucullate as in the following species. Capsules one to four. —The G. Spelunce figured in the ‘ Species Filicum,’ from Tasmania (Gunn, 34), appears to be a young specimen of this species. Filices.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 131 2. Gleichenia dicarpa (Br. Prodr. 171); fronde dichotome ramosa, ramis divaricatis pinnatis, pinnis pinnatifidis subtus densissime ferrugineo-lanatis squamosisque glabratis glaberrimisve, segmentis orbi- culatis saccatis lato margine cinctis, capsulis binis, rachi costáque lanatis paleaceisque rarius glabratis.— Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 3. t. 1 C; Fil. Exot. t. 40; Kunze, Farnkr. p. 164. t. 70. f. 2. G. Vulcanica, Blume, En. Fil. Jav. 251. (Gunn, 1504.) Var. B. alpina; minor, densius ferrugineo-lanata et paleacea.—G. alpina, Br. et Hook. l.c.; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 58. (Gunn, 1504, in part.) Has. Abundant, especially in subalpine districts; var. 8 ascending to 4000 feet.—(v. v.) (Cultivated in England.) DrsrarB. Alps of Victoria, New Zealand, New Caledonia; lofty mountains of Java and Celebes, and Malacca. This is a rather common Tasmanian plant, and varies extremely in the amount of woolly clothing it bears. Sometimes the whole plant, from the rhizome upwards, is covered with a soft brown wool and chaff (such is espe- cially the case with alpine specimens); at other times the plant is nearly glabrous throughout, and the under sur- face of the lobes is glaucous. Tasmanian specimens attain nearly as large a size as G. semivestita ; New Zealand ones are smaller, and more slender. The pinn® are more slender than in @. semivestita, and the saccate lobes, which look like closed boxes with transverse slits, at once distinguish this specifically. I have in vain attempted to distinguish G. alpina as a species; it is certainly only an alpine, and consequently stunted, and often woolly state of G. dicarpa: 1 have not only gathered these varieties passing into one another, but Mr. Gunn's magni- ficent suites of specimens show every transition state. Some of my specimens of var. ß alpina, from Mount Wel- lington, are as glabrous as any of G. dicarpa. $ 2. MERTENSIA.— Sorus at the middle or fork of a veinlet. Segments of the pinne linear. 3. Gleichenia flabellata (Br. Prodr. 161); fronde submembranacea dichotome ramosa prolifera flabelliformi bipinnata, pinnulis ascendentibus linearibus acutis serrulatis utrinque concoloribus subtus gla- berrimis pubescentibusve, capsulis 4-6 exsertis, costa rachi stipiteque nudis glaberrimis v. rarius pubes- centibus.—Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 6; Fil. Exot. t. 71. (Gunn, 23.) Var. B. tenera; submembranacea, pinnulis linearibus integerrimis. —G. tenera, Br. Prodr. 161. (Gunn, 1506.) Has. Damp shaded places, but not very common : Yorktown, Gunn.—(v.v.) Var. 8. Calder’s Pass, on the road from Lake St. Clair to Macguarrie Harbour. Distris. New South Wales and Victoria, New Zealand, New Caledonia. (Cultivated in England.) A much larger plant than any of the former, 2—4 feet high, with larger, broader, more membranous and pro- liferous fronds, having several tiers of branches rising above one another.— Pinnules narrow, long, serrate, green on both sides. Stipes, costa, and rachis without bullate scales.—The G. tenera, Br., appears to me to bc only a more membranous state. Tribe II. CYATHEE.—Sorus globose. Capsules with an incomplete vertical ring, sessile or stalked, placed on an elevated receptacle, often mixed with jointed hairs. Gen. II. ALSOPHILA, Br. Sori dorsales, globosi. — Receptaculum prominulum. JZnvoluerum 0. Vene pinnate, libere, simplices y. furcatee.—Caudex sepius arborescens. A very large genus of tropical Tree-Ferns, of which more than fifty species are enumerated, but few of them grow in the south temperate zone ; of these one is an Australian plant, found also on the north coast of Tasmania ; Jas FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Pilices. another is the 4. excelsa of Norfolk Island, which is the loftiest of Tree-Ferns, and said to attain 80 feet; and the third is a native of New Zealand. The genus is distinguished from Polypodium by the arborescent habit and ele- vated receptacle of the sorus, which has no involucre, and often bears long jointed hairs amongst the capsules, (Name from adoos, a grove, and pio, to love.) l. Alsophila Australis (Br. Prodr. 158); glabra, fronde bipinnata, pinnulis lineari-lanceolatis attenuato-acuminatis pinnatifidis subtus glaucis, segmentis oblique ovatis acutis integerrimis v. subserratis, soris 1-6.— Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 50. £. 19 A. (Gunn, 1507.) Has. Not rare; in shady forests: Macquarrie Harbour, Backhouse; Asbestos Hills and Georgetown, Gunn. Disrris. New South Wales and Tasmania. A very handsome Tree-Fern, attaining a height of 30 feet, conspieuously differing from Dieksonia Antarctica in the black trunk being covered with the persistent bases of the fallen fronds.—Fronds 12-14 feet long, bipinnate, somewhat glaucous beneath. Gen. III. DICKSONIA, P Zérit. Sori marginales, globosi. Receptaculum prominulum. /nvolucrum bivalve; verum e apice venuls ortum, extus liberum; spurium e lobulo pinnulee reflexo, alterum equitans. Vene simplices v. furcatae.— Caudex sepius arborescens. A large genus of Ferns; many, like the Tasmanian D. Antarctica, are arborescent.—Sori on the margins of the pinnules. Capsules on an elevated receptacle, enclosed in a two-valved involucre. Inner valve, or true invo- luere, coriaceous, but less so than the outer, arising from the end of a vein; outer, the recurved segment or tooth of the pinnule, opposite the inner. (Named in honour of Mr. James Dickson, a Scotch botanist.) l. Dicksonia Antarctica (Lab. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 100. t. 249) ; arborea, stipite rachique levi, par- tialibus costisque molliter patentim pilosis demum glabratis, fronde coriacea bipinnata, pinnis lineari-elon- gatis longe acuminatis, pinnulis sessilibus profunde pinnatifidis linearibus acutis, segmentis brevibus pun- gentibus grosse argute serratis, soris quovis lobulo sub-4, involucri valvis eequalibus.— Br. Prodr. 157 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 66; FI. N. Zeal. i. 9. D. fibrosa, Colenso, in Tasm. Journ. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 68. t. 23 B. (Gunn, 1508, 1509.) Has. Abundant in damp, especially subalpine forests.— (v. v.) Disrgrs. New South Wales, Victoria, and New Zealand. (Cultivated in England.) This beautiful Tree-Fern has the trunk 30-50 feet high, covered with matted rootlets, which increase its bulk considerably, causing it to attain a diameter of 4 feet.—Sfipes smooth, pale, glabrous; partial rachis and midribs on both surfaces more or less clothed with soft spreading hairs, which are very deciduous. Fronds 6-12 feet long, lanceolate, narrowed downwards, bipinnate. Pinne 10 inches long, 1} inch broad, narrowed into long tips. Pin- nules sessile, $—1 inch long, linear or linear-oblong, acute, pinnatifid, the barren ones cut beyond the middle, the fertile to the base. Segments oblong, sharp, and sharply toothed. Sori about four on each segment; valves of the involucre hemispherical, equal. 2. Dicksonia dubia (Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 367); rhizomate repente, froude tripinnata, pinnis coriaceis lanceolatis profunde pinnatifidis, segmentis inciso-serratis inferioribus bipinnatifidis, subtus pilosis glabratisve, soris globosis, involucri valvula superiore e margine inflexo lobuli, inferiore parva membranacea lacera.— Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 11. t. 24 C. Davallia dubia, Br. Prodr. 157. Balantium Brownianum, Pres, Pterid. 134. t.5.f. 4. (Gunn, 11.) Has. Tasmania, Brown, Gunn (no habitat). Filices.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 133 DisrRis. New South Wales. A very different plant in habit from D. Antarctica, and appearing to belong to a different genus, but there are numerous ìntermediate species in various tropical countries.—Pronds 2-5 feet high, rather coriaceous, pale, arising from a stout, creeping rhizome, tripinnate. Pina deeply divided; pinnules obliguely oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid. Sori near the apices of the lobules; upper valve of the involucre formed of the coriaceous recurved lobule of the frond; lower small and membranous. Tribe III. HYMENOPRYLLEE.—Sorus at or beyond the edge of the frond. Capsules sessile, on a filiform or club-shaped, often elongated receptacle, girt with an oblique ring. Frond very delicate, transparent, and reticulated. Gen. IV. HYMENOPHYLLUM, Sm. Sori marginales. Capsule receptaculo cylindraceo fronde immerso v. exserto subsessiles, depresse, annulo completo transverse cincte, longitudinaliter rupte. Jmvolucrwm textura frondis, bivalve, urceo- latum v. compressum ; valvis planis v. convexis, extus liberis.—Frondes membranacez, pellucida, cellulis magnis reticulate, costa valida percursa. One of the largest and most; beautiful genera of Ferns, generally of small size, easily recognized (except from Trichomanes) by the transparent pellucid texture of the delicate green, glistening fronds, which are beautifully reti- culated when seen through the microscope.—hizome slender or stout, wiry, filiform, creeping. Fronds generally glabrous, often flaccid, pinnately or pinnatifidly divided into linear, blunt, dichotomously branched segments, through which runs a stout midrib. Sori at the axils or ends of the segments, sunk in the substance of the frond, which forms a cup-shaped or box-like, often flattened, two-valved involucre over them. Sometimes the involucre is pro- duced beyond the frond, and stalked ; its two valves or lips are entire or toothed, and open outwards. Capsules sessile, on a filiform or cylindrical receptacle, that is sometimes exserted, like a thread, beyond the involucre, sessile, depressed, surrounded with a complete ring, and bursting longitudinally. (Name from Ze, a membrane, and dvo», a leaf.) $ A. Fronds quite glabrous ; margins toothed or serrate, not ciliate. 1. Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense (Sm. Fl. Brit.), var. 8. cupressiforme; fronde elongata erecta rigida, pinnis distantibus decurvis, segmentis angustissimis, involucris lobulo frondis quasi stipitatis liberis. — Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 95; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 11; Br. Prodr. 159. H. cupressiforme, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 102. 4. 950. f. 2. H. revolutum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Gunn, 46, 1510.) Has. Abundant in shady places, on the ground, and on rotten trunks of trees.—(v. v.) (Cultivated in England.) Disteıs. Victoria, New Zealand, South Chili, Fuegia, and Brazil, South Africa. The H. Tunbridgense is a scarce English Fern, and a great favourite with cultivators. The Tasmanian state of the species has a narrower and more decumbent frond, often remarkably curved downwards on to the ground, and narrower segments.—Fronds 2-4 inches high, ovate or linear, pinnate below, pinnatifid (rachis winged) above, quite glabrous. Pinne very narrow, distant, rigid; segments long or short, spreading or curved downward, deeply and sharply toothed. Znvolucre orbicular, compressed at the axils of the segments, erect, projecting beyond the frond, in which their bases are sunk, their lips spinulose or irregularly toothed, rarely nearly entire. The ordinary state of H. Tunbridgense, with short, broad, oblong, flat, bright-green fronds, with broad, short pinne and seg- ments, and involueres more sunk in the segments, is a different-looking Fern from its deep-green, sparingly branched var. B, and also from H. unilaterale, but these characters vary in whatever parts of the world they both inhabit, and the ß. eupressiforme seems all but intermediate. 2. Hymenophyllum unilaterale (Willd. Sp. Pl. v. p. 521); frondibus czespitosis n s M VOL. II. 134 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Filices. pinnatis erectis decurvisve, pinnis distantibus decurvis margine superiore precipue parce pinnatifidis, seg- mentis linearibus argute dentatis simplicibus pinnatifidisve, involucris supra-axillaribus liberis obovato- oblongis tumidis, valvis integerrimis, rachi superne alata.—77. N. Zeal. ii. 1l. H Wilsoni, Hook. Brit. Fl. ed.i. p. 450; Sp. Fil.i. p. 95; Wils. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2686. H. Tunbridgense, P, Kunze, Plant. Afr. Aust. 7. (Gunn, 1511.) Haz. Common, especially on trunks of trees, in damp forests.—(v. v. Disrr1B. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, Chili, Fuegia, South Africa, Great Britain. This differs from H. Tunbridgense, B. cupressiforme, only in the entire lips of the involucre, otherwise these plants appear identical. I find the amount of toothing in the valves of H. Tunbridgense, ß, to vary extremely, sometimes amounting to a mere erosion, and at others the lips being even laciniated and spinulose, so that I can hardly doubt these two proving eventually the same species. "$ B. Fronds quite glabrous, or with the costa and rachis only setose ; margins neither toothed nor ciliated. a. Fronds pinnatifid, rarely pinnate below ; rachis, and generally the stipes, winged. 3. Hymenophyllum rarum (Br. Prodr. 159) ; fronde pendula tenera oblongo-ovata v. lineari- elongata glaberrima bipinnatifida v. basi pinnata, segmentis brevibus planis latis integerrimis, involucris late ovatis rhombeisve terminalibus fronde immersis compressis, valvis latis brevibus integerrimis, stipite rachique capillari.— Hook. Sp. Fil.i. p.101; FT. N. Zeal.1.121. H. semibivalve, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t.83. H. fu- marioides, Bory, in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 526. H. imbricatum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Gunn, 47, 1512.) Has. Abundant in damp forests, often clothing trunks of Dicksonia Antarctica.—(v. v.) Disrris. New Zealand, South Chili and Fuegia, South Africa, Ceylon. A very beautiful Fern, varying extremely in size and habit wherever found. It clothes trunks of Tree-Ferns with a glistening garment of the most delicate and beautiful green, the fronds hanging down and overlapping one another in profusion. It may be readily recognized by its hair-like stipes and rachis, transparent membranous fronds, and broad, short, terminal involucres.— Fronds 1-8 inches long, broad or narrow, linear, bipinnatifid. Pinne short, often very irregular and unequal, distant, or close and overlapping one another. Segments short broad. Jwvolucres rhomboid, wholly sunk in the ends of the segments, very flat, with short, broad, entire lips. 4. Hymenophyllum crispatum (Wall. Cat. 169) ; erectum, fronde ovata v. lineari-ovata bi-tri- pinnatifida, segmentis linearibus planis undulatisve, involucris terminalibus liberis sessilibus ovatis turgidis ad basin partitis, valvis integerrimis erosisve, rachi stipiteque late alatis, ala plana undulata v. crispata.— Hook. et Grev. Ie. Fil. t. 115 Hook. Sp. Fil. i.p. 105. H. flabellatum, Br. Prodr. 159, non Lab. H. atrovirens, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. H. flexuosum, A. Cunn. Prodr. Fl. N. Zeal. ; Hook. Sp. Fil. l.c. Je, Pl. t. 962. (Gunn, 1513.) Has. Damp woods, abundant on stones and trunks of trees, etc.—(v. v.) DistriB. Victoria, New Zealand, Malay Islands, Ceylon, Himalaya Mountains. Fronds 2-8 inches high, erect, lurid green, bi-tripinnatifid. Segments linear, 41; inch broad, flat, undulated or erisped. Jnvolucres often very numerous, terminal, ovate, turgid, broader than the segments of the frond, deeply divided into two valves, whose lips are quite entire or erose. Stipes and rachis with a broad, flat or crisped wing. Rhizome quite glabrous, creeping. b. Frond pinnate below. Rachis not winged below. 5. Hymenophyllum flabellatum (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 101. t. 250. f. 1, non Br. Prodr.) ; glaberrimum, nitens, fronde pendula v. decurva lineari-oblonga rarius ovata, pinnis plerumque basi cuneatis late ovatis flabellatim dilatatis pinnatifidis v. bipinnatifidis, segmentis linearibus furcatis brevibus caudato- elongatisve, involucris segmenta lateralia terminantibus orbicularibus oblongisve ad basin fere bivalvibus, Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 135 rachi superne alata inferne nuda, stipite glaberrimo ima basi parce lanato.—Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 111. H. nitens, Br. Prodr. 159; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 151; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 197. (Gunn, 19, 1514.) Has. Damp forests, abundant, especially on Tree-Ferns.—(v. v.) Disrris. Victoria, New Zealand. A very beautiful small species, often clothing the trunks of Tree-Ferns with its pale-green, glistening fronds. —Rhizome rigid, wiry. Stipes 2-4 inches long, wiry, glabrous, except at the very base, where there is a tuft of soft, pale-brown, woolly hairs. Fronds broadly ovate when erect, linear or oblong when pendulous, 2-6 inches long, pinnate below, pinnatifid above, perfectly smooth, transparent. Pinne twice pinnatifid; segments linear, quite entire and smooth, generally broadly cuneate at the base. Involueres small, terminal on lateral segments, orbicular or oblong, the valves entire or toothed. Oss. I know nothing of H. australe, Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 527 (said to be found in Tasmania by Labillardiêre), except it be the H. rarum, as conjectured in the ‘Species Filicum,’ p. 108. Gen. V. TRICHOMANES, Sm. Sori marginales. Involuerum tubulosum, textura frondis, basi attenuatum, apice dilatatum v. bivalve. Capsule receptaculo filiformi seepius exserto sessiles, depressee, annulo completo transversali cinctee, longi- tudinaliter ruptee.—Frondes plerumque membranacee, pellucida, cellulis magnis reticulata. A more tropical genus than Hymenophyllum, to which alone it is very closely allied, and from which it differs in the tubular or trumpet-shaped involucre, which is less obviously two-lipped, often quite circular at the mouth, and having a generally exserted, filiform receptacle. (Name, an ancient one of uncertain application.) l. Trichomanes venosum (Br. Prodr. 159); rhizomate repente filiformi, fronde parvula pendula nitida membranacea pinnata, pinnis remotis late lineari-oblongis ligulatisve simplicibus v. basi furcatis obtusis v. emarginatis margine non incrassato repandis, costa flexuosa, venis furcatis, involucris ad basin pinnarum fronde immersis liberisve tubuloso-urceolatis, ore dilatato breviter bilabiato, receptaculo plerumque capillari, rachi apice alata inferne stipiteque capillari.— Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. £. 18; Hook. Sp. Fil. i.p. 132; Fl. N. Zeal. à. 17. (Gunn, 1515.) Has. Abundant, clothing the trunks of Tree-Ferns.—(v. v.) DisrRis. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand. An extremely delicate and beautiful Fern, often clothing Tree-Ferns, as Hymenophyllum flabellatum and H. rarum do.—Rhizome creeping, and stipes capillary. Fronds 2-5 inches long, linear, pinnate, membranous. Pinne distant, linear-oblong or strap-shaped, cuneate at the base, not margined, blunt or emarginate, waved along the edge, simple or divided at the base, 3-14 inch long, + inch broad; costa flexuose, giving off branching veins. Involucres on the upper edge of the pinna at its base, sunk in the frond or ina lateral segment. Receptacle included, or capillary and exserted. The upper pinne are often of irregular length, sometimes very long and caudate. Tribe IV. PoLYPODIEE.— Sorus near the margin of the frond or dorsal, rounded or linear. Capsules not placed on an elevated receptacle, stalked, partly girt with a vertical ring, bursting transversely on the side where the ring is wanting. Sub-tribe A.—Sorus covered with an involucre (indusium), or with the more or less altered margin of the rond. Gen. VI. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh. Sori globosi, dorsales. Involuerum superficiale, membranaceum, cucullatum, basi inflata infra sorum 136 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Filices. insertum, medio ven impositum. Vene furcate, simplices.—Rhizoma cespitosum v. repens; frondibus Jlaecidis, membranaceis, bi-tripinnatifidis. A small genus of Ferns, natives chiefly of temperate and subarctic regions, of remarkably flaccid texture. C. fragilis is found in very many parts of the globe, and is a very variable plant.— rond 3-6 inches high, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, pinnate or bipinnate. Rhizome shortly creeping, tufted. Stipes short, slender, brittle ; rachis winged above. Pinne irregularly inciso-lobate; upper decurrent. Sori scattered over the back of the pinnules, small, sometimes confluent. Znvolucre white, membranous, attached below the sorus by a broad, convex, arching base, ovate, acuminate, at length reflexed. (Name from kvoros, a box, and mrepov, a wing.) ‘1. Cystopteris fragilis (Bernhardi, Neu. Journ. Bot. ii. 27). Var. a. dentata ; frondibus bipinnatis, pinnis ovatis lanceolatisve, pinnulis obtusis rarius pinnatifidis. — Hook. Gen. et Sp. Fil. i. 198. C. dentata, Hook. Brit. Fl. ed. 5. p. 441. (Gunn, 2039.) Var. 8. Tasmanica; frondibus pinnatis, stipite brevi, pinnis late ovatis inciso-lobatis inferioribus pinnatifidis, soris paucis minutis.—C. Tasmanica, Hook. Gen. et Sp. Fil. i. 199. (Gunn, 32.) (Tas. CLXVI.) Has. Var. a. Mount Olympus and Lake St. Clair, on moist rocks, Gunn. Var. B. Tasmania, Gunn (no habitat). | DisrürB. Var. a. Europe, Arctic regions, North India, Abyssinia, North America, South Africa. Of the two varieties one accords precisely with the European dentata; the other differs in its less-divided frond, broader pinnules, and very small sori.—Pr4TE CLXVI. Fig. 1, portion of frond and sorus; 2, involucre :— both mugnified. Gen. VII. LINDSAA, Dry. Sori lineares, marginales v. intra-marginales, continui v. interrupti. Involuerum exterius liberum, e membranis 2 parallelis, superiore textura frondis, inferiore ex apicibus venarum (une v. plurim.) oriente. ene simplices v. anastomosantes.— Frondes (speciebus Tasmanicis) parvule, coriacee, pinnata. A large genus of chiefly tropical Ferns, the Tasmanian species of which are small, coriaceous, and glabrous, and simply pinnate or bipinnate, with erect, stipitate, tufted fronds, rising from a creeping rhizome.—Sori linear, running along the edge of the pinnules continuously or interruptedly, covered by an involucre formed of two parallel lamellz or plates opening outwards; of these the upper is coriaceous, and formed of the frond, the lower membra- nous, and rising from the ends of one or more veins. (Named in honour of Mr. John Lindsay, author of ‘ Obser- vations on the Germination of Ferns.’) l. Lindsea linearis (Sw. Fil. t. 3. f. 3); frondibus e rhizomate crasso subdistantibus linearibus pinnatis, pinnis sessilibus late cuneato-flabelliformibus marginibus demum revolutis integris crenatisve, soris continuis, stipite rachique nitido.— Br. Prodr. 156; Kunze in Schk. Suppl. p. 30. £. 16; Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 206; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 19. (Gunn, 20, 1535.) Has. Abundant in heathy places.— (v. v.) (Cultivated in England.) Disrris. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand. A very common Fern, easily recognized by its stout, creeping, scaly rhizome; erect, linear, simple, pinnate fronds, 2-18 inches high; and broadly cuneate pinnules, which are spread out like a fan, and have entire or crenate anterior margins; the latter become revolute when dry.—Pinne 4 inch broad, distant; sori nearly continuous along their outer edge. Sfipes and rachis stout, purplish-brown, shining. 2. Lindseea trichomanoides (Dryand. in Linn. Soc. Trans. iii. p. 43. t. 11); rhizomate repente paleaceo, frondibus subceespitosis late lanceolatis pinnatis bipinnatisve, pinnis primariis basi cuneatis stipi- ka. Filices.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 137 tatisve oblongo-lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve pinnatifidis pinnatisve lobatis rarius integris, pinnulis obo- vato-cuneatis breviter stipitatis decurrentibusve, margine anteriore rotundato simplici v. lobato, soris con- tinuis.— Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 918. L. viridis, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. ii. 174. Var. B. Lessoni ; fronde pinnata v. basi bipinnata, pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis integris lobatis pinnatifidisve.—L. Lessoni, Bory, in Duperrey Voy. p. 918. t. 87. Zär Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 217; Fl. N. Zeal. ìi. 19. (Gunn, 2057.) ` Has. Dense forests near Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan, Gunn.— (v. v.) Distris. New Zealand. An extremely variable little Fern.—Rhizome creeping, scaly, and having pilose roots. Fronds pinnate or bi- rarely tri-pinnate, numerous, ovate or linear-oblong, rather tufted, erect, 2-18 inches high. Stipes scaly at the base, and rachis slender, stiff, trigonous, polished. Pinne rather distant; in var. Lessoni simple, oblong-lanceolate, with a cuneate base, blunt, lobed, bearing sori on the lobes, more often pinnatifid, with cuneate lobes, very fre- quently bi- and even tri-pinnate. Pinnules always broadly cuneate, rounded in front, with a deep, continuous, intra- marginal sorus. The pinnules vary from 4-4 inch long; the larger are lobed, and bear a sorus on each lobe. Gen. VIII. ADIANTUM, 2. Sort marginales, punctiformes v. elongati. Involuerum soris conforme, e margine frondis reflexo, disco venoso capsulifero, limbo membranaceo libero. Beautiful terrestrial Ferns, natives chiefly of the tropies, but of which one species is found in Europe, and several occur in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. —Rhizome creeping. Stipes generally black, often polished. Fronds bi-tripinnate in the Tasmanian species, with stipitate, broadly cuneate pinnules. Sori marginal, short, or linear and continuous. —Zmvolucre formed of the reflexed, often kidney-shaped edge of the frond, opening inwards, its surface veined, the veins continuous with those of the pinnules. (Name from adıayros, in allusion to the dry texture of the fronds.) 1. Adiantum ZEthiopicum (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1560) ; fronde tenera flaccida oblongo-ovata tri-quadri- pinnata, pinnulis membranaceis glaberrimis stipitatis orbiculatis basi late cuneatis margine superiore lobato, soris 2-6 sinubus pinnulz, involucris majusculis oblongo-lunulatis reniformibusve, stipite rachique gracili glaberrima nitida rufa v. ebenea.—Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 91. t. 17 A.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 21. A.assimile, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 125 et 822. t. 3. f. 4; Br. Prodr. 155; Hook. l.c. A. trigonum, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 99. 7. 248. f. 2. (Gunn, 16, 52, 1540.) Has. Pasture-land, behind rocks and logs of wood; also in rocky places, freguent.— (e. v.) Disrris. Throughout Australia, New Zealand, and many tropical countries. (Cultivated in England.) A. assimile was regarded as a distinct species from A. Aithiopicum, till the author of the * Species Filicum ’ pointed out its identity with that plant. It is found in all tropical countries, and throughout the south temperate hemisphere, but is hardly known in the north temperate.—Everywhere perfectly glabrous, flaccid, mnbynnons, pale-green or yellowish. sStipites tufted, slender, 4-10 inches long. Frond oblong, often elongated, rr pinnate; primary branches alternate, distant. Pinnules 4-1 inch broad, broadly cuneate, stipitate; upper margin rounded, deeply lobed. Sori few. Involucres very large, pale, kidney-shaped, placed in notches of the pinnules. Rachis slender, flexuose; partial ones and stalks of the pinnules capillary. Gen. IX. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh. Sori punctiformes, marginales, distincti. Jnvolucrum e apice venulee ortum, lobule frondis recurve formatum, coriaceum v. submembranaceum. e VOL. II. A 2N 138 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Filices. It is difficult to distinguish this genus by technical characters of the fructification from Adiantum, from which it is widely different in habit and general appearance. The sori are small, placed on the margins of the pinnules, in a sinus, and are covered with a small reflexed lobe of the frond, which is never so membranous as in 4diantum, but is green and herbaceous. Sometimes the reflexion of the pinnule’s margin is so slight that the sorus is really naked, and then I cannot distinguish the genus from Polypodium, or the species H. tenuifolia from P. rugulosum, Lab. (Name from vro, beneath, and Aeris, a scale.) . l. Hypolepis tenuifolia (Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. i. 34) ; fronde ampla glanduloso-pilosa v. glabrata submembranacea quadripinnata, pinnis primariis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis acuminatis secundariis tertiariisque lanceolatis, pinnulis sessilibus lineari-oblongis obtusis lobatis pinnatifidis inferioribus soriferis, lobis oblongis obtusis crenato-dentatis subintegerrimisve basin versus soriferis, involucro reniformi, costa rachibusque glanduloso-pilosis, stipite brunneo puberulo et scaberulo, rhizomate valido longe repente sguamoso.— Presl, Tent. Pterid. t. 6. f. 29; Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 60. t. 19 4.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 29. C. pellucida, Colenso, Tasm. Phil. Journ. Lonchitis tenuifolia, Forst. Prodr. C. Dicksonioides, Endl. Prodr. Flor. Ins. Norf.; Kunze, Farnk. p. 13. t. 8. Has. Not uncommon in forests, etc.—(». v.) DisrRrB. Australia, New Zealand, and various south temperate and tropical regions of the Old and New Worlds. (Cultivated in England.) A tall, handsome, spreading Fern, 2-5 feet high. It varies a good deal in the colour, hairiness, and membra- nous or coriaceous consistence of the fronds, as they grow in more shaded or open localities. —Frond sometimes 2 feet broad, deltoid, tri-quadripinnate ; primary pinne or branches spreading; secondary and tertiary narrow, ob- long, acuminate ; ultimate, or pinnules, sessile, linear-oblong, 13-2 inches long, deeply pinnatifid. Lobes linear- oblong, blunt, bluntly crenate. Sori generally two or three on each side of the lobe, covered by an involucre formed of a portion of the recurved margin of each crenature. Costa hairy; rachis yellow-brown, glandular and hairy. Stipes stout, often viscid, glandular, hairy, and rough.—There is a New Zealand variety of this species with nearly glabrous rachis and stipes, more distant and acuminate secondary and tertiary pinnz, narrower pin- nules, which are deeper lobed, and bear more numerous sori, scarcely covered by the involucre, and which hence passes into Polypodium rugulosum, Lab. Gen. X. CHEILANTHES, Sw. Sori punctiformes, marginales, distincti. Involucra ut in Hypolepide, sed plerumque confluentia. Though the Tasmanian species of Cheilanthes does not at all resemble Hypolepis, it is not readily characterized, except by having confluent involucres; i. e. instead of solitary isolated teeth or lobes of the pinnules being reflexed over the sori, longer portions of the margin of the frond are so, to a greater or less degree, forming a continuous involucre. (Name from xeuos, a lip, and av6os, a flower ; from the form of the involucre.) 1. Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Sw. Syn. Fil. 129 et 332) ; rhizomate crasso repente squamoso, frondibus ctespitosis erectis glaberrimis coriaceis lineari-ovatis deltoideisve tripinnatis contractis, pinnis primariis erectis distantibus, pinnulis parvis sparsis lineari-oblongis ovatisve lobatis pinnatifidisve, lobulis obtusis obtuse crenatis omnibus soriferis, soris continuis, stipite rachibusque validis brunneis nitidis glaberrimis v. stipite basi piloso.—Schkuhr, t. 125; Br. Prodr. 155; Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 82. t. 81. f. 3; Fl. N. Zeal. 11. 23. C. Sieberi, Kunze, Hook. l.c. t. 91 B. C. Preissiana, Kunze, in Plant. Preiss.ii.112; Hook. l.c. (Gunn, 15.) Has. Abundant, especially in stony places.— (v. v.) Disrris. Australia, New Zealand, Malay Islands, China, India. Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANTA. 139 The true C. tenuifolia is a very widely diffused tropical Fern, of which Australian and New Zealand plants are smaller, and have.often a more contracted frond than the Indian, and have hence been made into another species (C. Sieberi). The immense suite of specimens preserved in the Hookerian Herbarium, however, shows that all are one and the same plant, from which the C. Preissiana of the Swan River has been distinguished by the pre- sence of a few hairs towards the base of the stipes, a character I find present and absent in different fronds of the same specimen.—Rhizome very stout, thickly covered with silky, long scales. Stipes tufted, stout, glossy, red- brown, quite glabrous, or with a few spreading hairs towards the base. Fronds 3 inches to a span or a foot long, narrow-ovate or oblong, rarely deltoid, much contracted from the erect pinne, tripinnate. Pinne distant; secon- dary scattered. Pinnules perfectly glabrous, few and small, coriaceous, 3-5 lines long, yellow-green, linear-oblong, blunt, crenate, their margins very revolute, lobed or pinnatifid; margins of all the lobes reflexed, forming a conti- nuous, coriaceous, crenate involucre, with membranous edges. Capsules very numerous and prominent, often cover- ing the pinnules. Rachis red-brown, shining, quite smooth.—This is anything but a handsome Fern in colour, form, or texture, always looking starved and dry, the small, narrow, scattered pinnules, with revolute margins, bearing a small proportion in size to the stout stipes and rachis. The pinnules often appear as a mass of fructifi- cation. In some specimens the primary pinne ate reduced to small crumpled lobes, not half an inch long. Gen. XI. PTERIS, Br. Sori lineares, marginales, continui; capsulis sinu involucri insertis. Zmvolucrum marginale, con- tinuum, scariosum, intus liberum. One of the largest and most extensively distributed groups of Ferns, which has been divided (on so many and various grounds) into so many genera, that, were they adopted here, one might perhaps be found for each Tasmanian species. Such dismemberments of genera, though extremely useful to the skilled botanist when work- ing upon a multitude of species from all parts of the world, are, when not absolutely necessary, highly inconvenient for local Floras, rendering these impracticable to the student. I have therefore, in this case, adopted the old genus, as defined in Brown's * Prodromus Florz Australis, and introduced as sections those of the new that are natural. Pteris, thus characterized, contains all those Ferns whose sori run continuously, or nearly so, along the edge of the whole pinnule, and are covered with a continuous, scarious or membranous involucre, formed of the incurved edge of the frond. It is distinguished from Cheilanthes only by the greater continuity and regular outline of the membranous involucre. (Name from rrepvé, a plume.) $ 1. PLATYLOMA, J. Sm.—Frond pinnate (in the Tasmanian species) ; veins forked, free. l. Pteris falcata (Br. Prodr. 154); frondibus rigidis erectis linearibus pinnatis, pinnis lineari- oblongis lanceolatisve acutis mucronatisve falcatis glabris basi obliquis obtusis nunc margine superiore basi auriculato, stipite rachique squamatis.—P. seticaulis, Hook. Ic. Plant. t.207; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 24. Pella falcata, Fée, Gen. Fil. 129; Hook. Sp. Fil. 135. (Gunn, 8.) Har. Common in forests, etc.—(». v.) Disrrip. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, Penang, Malacca, and the peninsula of India. (Cultivated in England.) , Fronds ereet, coriaceous, rigid, tufted, 1-3 feet high, narrow-linear, pinnate. Pinne quite glabrous, linear- lanceolate or oblong, 2-14 inch long (in Australian specimens 23 inches), shortly stipitate, falcate, un or muero- nate, oblique at the base, which is very broadly cuneate; the upper margin sometimes produced into a lobe, or gibbous. Sori broad, continuous all round the pinnule, partially covered with a very narrow involucre. Rachis stout, densely villous, and covered with spreading, scaly hairs. Stipes black, hispid. § 2. Preris, L.— ronds bi-tripinnate. Veins forked, free, united at their ends by the continuous receptacle. 2. Pteris aquilina (L.), var. esculenta ; fronde rigida coriacea tripinnata glabra v. subtus parce 140 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Filices. pubescente v. pilosa, pinnulis anguste linearibus ultimis seepius longe caudatis decurrenti-coadunati-, costa crassa, rachibus stipiteque validis glabris—/7. N. Zeal. ii. 25 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. 197. P. esculenta, Forst. Prodr. 194; Plant. Esc. t. 145 Swartz, Syn. Fil. 101, 296; Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 95. t. 244; Br. Prodr. 154. (Gunn, 5.) Has. Var. esculenta abundant throughout the Island.— (v. v.) Disrris. Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Malay Islands, India, South America. One of the most common Tasmanian Ferns, of which the roots roasted were formerly an article of food with the natives. The same variety grows in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, and differs very slightly from the P. aguilina of the north temperate zone, which is found in one form or another in all parts of the world.— Rhizome subterranean, creeping, often as thick as two fingers. Stipes sometimes 10 feet high, grooved on one side, stout, pale-yellow, shining, glabrous. Frond 2-4 feet long, broadly deltoid, tri-quadripinnate, of a very hard, rigid, coriaceous texture, glossy above. Pinnules linear, decurrent, and united with one another by forming a wing to the rachis, often hairy below. Sori continuous, frequently surrounding the pinnules, and even continued along their decurrent bases to those of the pinnule below them. Zmvolucres very coriaceous. Midrib very thick, often grooved and hairy. à 3. Pteris tremula (Br. Prodr. 154); fronde elata glaberrima submembranacea bi-quadripinnata, pinnis primariis ascendentibus, pinnulis linearibus adnatis decurrentibus subacutis sterilibus rarius integer- rimis crenato-dentatis fertilibus plerumque integris, venis furcatis omnibus liberis, rachi stipiteque glaber- rimis.—77. N. Zeal. ìi. 25; Hook. Sp. Fil. ìi. 174. t. 120 B. (Gunn, 41, 1537, 1538.) Has. Common in shaded places, forests, etc.—(v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria, New Zealand, Chili, and Juan Fernandez. (Cultivated in England.) ; This is a very common Tasmanian plant, which so closely resembles P. arguta of the south of Europe, the Atlantic Islands, Abyssinia, Africa, and the East Indies, that I think it possible that it may prove to belong to that widely-diffused species. Extremely variable in size, from 1-5 feet, in consisteney from membranous to coria- ceous, in colour from pale light-green to olive-green, in amount of the division from bi- to quadri-pinnate, or almost decompound, and in breadth and length of the pinnules, which are quite entire or crenate. Its general characters are those of a perfectly glabrous, tripinnate frond, rather membranous, broadly deltoid, with ascending branches; the pinnules 1-2 inches long and 1 broad, linear, blunt, adnate, decurrent, crenate, with forked, free veins, and a glabrous, shining costa and rachis: specimens in which all the pinnules are soriferous have these much narrower, more coriaceous, with the involueres sometimes reaching to the costa. $ 3. LITOBROCHIA.— Feins more or less anastomosing. 4. Pteris incisa (Thunb. Fl. Cap. 733) ; fronde glaberrima elata ampla bi-tripinnata subtus glau- cescente membranacea, pinnis primariis ovato-lanceolatis, secundariis lineari-lanceolatis acutis szepius sessi- libus rachive adnatis, piunulis late oblongis oblongo-lanceolatisve rarius lanceolatis obtusis integerrimis v. obtuse lobatis crenatis pinnatifidisve, venulis furcatis basi plerumque anastomosantibus, costa flexuosa, rachi stipitegue glaberrimis pallidis nitidis antice sulcatis.— Sw. Syn. Fil. 99; Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. 230. P. Vesper. lionis, Lat. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 96. t. 245; Br. Prodr. 154; Fl. Autarct. i. 110; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 276. P. Brunoniana, fud. Prodr. FI. Ins. Norf. P.montana, Colenso, in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Gunn, 18, 1536.) Has. Common in damp woods, and ascending to 3000 feet.—(v.v.) (Cultivated in England.) i Drees Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa, temperate and tropical South merica. Fronds perfectly glabrous, tall (2—4 feet), ample, broadly deltoid, membranous, glaucous below, bi-tripinnate : Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 141 small specimens are sometimes simply pinnate. Primary pinne ovate-lanceolate ; secondary linear, sometimes pinnatifid ; pinnules broadly oblong or rounded, quite entire, adnate and decurrent, rarely linear; costa flexuose ; veins forked, often joining at the base in the lower pinnules. Stipes and rachis very pale-yellowish or brown, chan- nelled in front, shining, often glaucous. i 5. Pteris Endlicheriana (Agardh, Recens. Gen. Pterid. p. 66); fronde ampla membranacea flac- cida bi-tripinnata glaberrima v. subtus sparse puberula, pinnis primariis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, secun- dariis lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve pinnatifidis, segmentis oblongisve subacutis crenato-dentatis pinnatisve, pinnulis sessilibus stipitatisve plerumque basi adnata decurrentibus lineari-oblongis linearibusve serratis lobatis pinnatifidisve, lobis serratis, venis furcatis anastomosantibus, rachibus stipiteque glabris.—Hook. Je. Plant. t. 913; Gen. et Sp. Fil. ii. 218; Gen. Fil. t. 65 B. P.comans, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. p. 13, non Forst. ; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 26. Has. Tasmania, Gunn; no localities attached, but it probably inhabits damp, shaded ravines, in the forests.— (v. v.) DistriB. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Juan Fernandez, Pacific Islands. This species approaches so closely to P. comans, Forst., that in the New Zealand Flora I united it with that plant; but the pinne are always shorter and less acuminate.—A very similar plant to P. tremula, but with broader fronds and pinnules, which are very variable in size; it is best known from that plant by the veins being always connected by branches near the costa. In some New Zealand specimens the frond appears pinnate, or bipinnate at most; the pinnee pinnatifid, with very broad segments, 13 inch long, and nearly 4 inch broad, acute and serrated at the tips only; in these the veins branch and anastomose repeatedly. Gen. XII. LOMARIA, Willd. Sori frondibus distinctis, lineares, continui; capsw/is demum superficiem totam pinnule contracte operientibus. /nvolucrum marginale, scariosum, continuum, intus liberum v. dehiscens.— Frondes coriacee, - cespitose, fertiles sepissime sterilibus distincta. A large tropical and south temperate genus of Ferns.— ronds tufted, usually pinnatifid or simply pinnate, - the central ones in the tufts bearing fructification, the outer barren, with broader pinn®; sometimes one side only, or only a few pinne of the frond are fertile. Sori as in Pteris, but generally occupying the whole under surface of the pinnule. Jnvolucre marginal, scarious, continuous, often reaching the costa. (Name from Aoja, a fringe ; in allusion to the scarious indusium.) $ a. Sterile frond usually simple. l. Lomaria Patersoni (Spr. Syst. Veg. iv. 62); frondibus simplicibus indivisis v. pinnatifidis pedalibus suberectis, sterilibus lanceolatis crenato-dentatis acuminatis, fertilibus anguste lineari-elongatis, stipite basi paleaceo.—Kunze in Schkuhr Fil. Suppl. p. 69. t. 34; Hook. Fil. Exot. t.49. Stegania Pater- soni, Br. Prodr. 159. Has. Port Dalrymple, Paterson. (Cultivated in England.) Distris. Victoria (Mueller). This remarkable Fern has not been found in Tasmania since Colonel Paterson's visit, in the very early part of this century, but it has long been cultivated at Kew from spores either taken from the dried plant, or that came over in soil with other plants. It is at once distinguished by its simple, rarely pinnatifid fronds, of which the sterile are linear-lanceolate, acuminate, and crenate, the fertile very narrow and linear-elongate. Yot. II, 20 142 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Filices. $ b. Sterile fronds pinnate, All, or at least the lowest pinne, contracted at the base, or stipitate. 2. Lomaria procera (Spr. Syst. Veg. iv. 65); elata, rigida, valde coriacea, frondibus pinnatis, pinnis sterilibus lineari-oblongis v. ensiformi-lanceolatis v. acutis acuminatis caudatisve basi truncatis angustatis auriculato-cordatisve, fertilibus (ejusdem v. diverse frondis) linearibus, costa subtus stipite rachigue paleacea v. nuda.—Hook. le. Plant. t. 427, 428; Fl. Antarct. p. 110; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 27. L. latifolia, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Stegania procera, Br. Prodr. 153; A. Rich. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 86. t. 13. Blechnum procerum, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 87. t. 247. Parablechnum procerum, Pres, Epimel. p. 109. Var. a; elata, robusta, valde coriacea, pinnis sterilibus basi oblique truncatis v. late cuneatis. Var. 8; omnia var. a, sed pinnis sterilibus basi auriculato-cordatis. Var. y; omnia var. a et 8, sed pinnis sterilibus basi angustatis. Var. ô. minor; pallide viridis, minus coriacea, pinnis sterilibus subobtusis ON subtransversa supe- rioribus adnatis.—? Stegania minor, Br. Prodr. 154 Has. Abundant (especially the var. a) in wet, shady places, throughout the Island.—(v. v.) Var. 6. Macquarrie Harbour, etc., 4. Cunningham, Gunn.—(v. v.) Disreıs. Throughout the temperate, damp regions of the southern hemisphere. (Cultivated in England.) A common and extremely variable Fern, of a very coarse texture, which 1 cannot distinguish specifically from the West Indian Z. lineata, the South American L. Chilensis, and the South African Z. Capensis. It differs from the Antarctic American Z. Magellanica in the broader and shorter palez at the base of the stipes.—/ronds a span to 4 feet high, tufted, growing from a stout caudex that often becomes woody and frutescent. Stipes very stout, generally paleaceous at the base. Rachis generally naked and glabrous. Sterile fronds pinnate, short, and broadly ovate or lanceolate. Pinne three to twenty pairs, distant, or approximate and imbricating at the base; the upper generally adnate, lower stalked, extremely variable in length, from 2-12 inches long, and from 3-13 inch broad, broadly oblong or linear, and almost strap-shaped, blunt, acute, acuminate or tailed; the base acute, cuneate, trun- cate, cordate, or produced into great lobes above and below, which sometimes lap over those of the pinnz above it and the rachis; of a very rigid texture, marked with close grooves between the veins; margins finely and minutely toothed. Terminal pinna long or short, sometimes erect, and much larger than the lateral ones. Lowest pinne sometimes obliquely ovate, or even orbicular-reniform. Fertile pinne on separate fronds, or occupying half (one side) of the sterile, or a few pinnze or portions of them only are soriferous, narrow-linear, 3-8 inches long, some- times so narrow as to be filiform. Costa naked or paleaceous. 3. Lomaria fluviatilis (Spr. Syst. Veg. 64); frondibus ceespitosis linearibus elongatis pinnatis, pinnis sterilibus plurimis membranaceis oblongo-rotundatis lineari-oblongisve obtusis erenatis margine un- dulatisve infimis breve stipitatis supremis basi lata adnatis confluentibusve, pinnis fertilibus brevibus linea- ribus erectis obtusis, rachi stipiteque brevi squamis patentibus, rhizomate crinito-paleaceo.— 77. N. Zeal. ii. 28. L.rotundifolia, Raoul, Choix des Plantes Nouv. Zél. p. 9. t. 2 B.; Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Ste- gania fluviatilis, Br. Prodr. 154. (Tas. CLXVIL) (Gunn, 26, 1524.) Has. Covering shaded precipices near the Acheron River, on the road to Macquarrie Harbour, Gunn.—(v. v.) Disrris. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand. A very distinct species, though varying a good deal in size and form of pinne.—Rhizome stout, often woody, and base of the short stipes thickly clothed with long scales. Fronds 8-18 inches high, tufted, very narrow. Pinne numerous; of the sterile fronds rounded or linear-oblong, blunt, waved or crenate at the tip, 3-14 inch long, lower shortly stipitate, upper adnate by a broad base; top ones confluent: of the fertile fronds fewer, erect, Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 143 linear, narrow, blunt, 4-3 inch long. Stipes and rachis covered with more or less spreading scales.—PLATE CLXVII. Fig. 1, fertile pinnules ; 2, transverse section of the same; 3, capsules; 4, spores :—all magnified. $ c. Frond pinnatifid, or pinnate, when the lower pinnules are adnate by a very broad base to the rachis. 4. Lomaria Vulcanica (Blume, En. Fil. Jav. 202); rhizomate crasso paleis crinito, fronde sterili sublonge stipitata coriacea lanceolata ovata v. ovato-delteidea pinnatifida basi pinnata, pinnis glabris approxi- matis falcatis infimis decurvis lanceolatis obtusis acuminatisve integerrimis v. subcrenatis, costa nervisque glabris v. villosulis, fertilibus patentibus anguste linearibus basi obtusis acutisve dilatatis, involucris mar- ginalibus laceris, stipite basi crinito.—77. N. Zeal. ii. 29; Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 969. L. deflexa, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Gunn, 28, 1522.) Has. Franklin River, and other mountainous parts of the Colony, Gun». DisrarB. New Zealand; lofty mountains of Java. A very distinct species, easily recognized by the often deltoid coriaceous frond, the two lower pinne of which are deflexed.— Rhizome usually very stout and woody, sometimes (in New Zealand) as thick as the wrist. Fronds terminal, 4-18 inches long, tufted, on long stipes, ovate or lanceolate, deltoid, coriaceous. Pinne close, 13-3 inches long, falcate, acuminate (rarely blunt), perfectly entire or irregularly crenate, glabrous or pubescent on the costa and nerves below (especially in Java specimens). Fertile fronds with much narrower pinne, and marginal sori sometimes covering the whole pinna. Rachis and stipes pale, the latter crinite with long, black, scaly bristles at the base. 5. Lomaria lanceolata (Spr. Syst. Veg. 62) ; frondibus fertilibus utrinque concoloribus submem- branaceis cespitosis glabris anguste elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi angustatis breviter stipitatis pinna- tifidis basi pinnatis, pinnis plurimis approximatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis acutis v. acuminatis subfal- catis integerrimis v. subsinuato-crenatis, infimis rotundatis nunc discretis, rachi costaque glaberrima, fronde fertili sterilibus breviore, pinnis patentibus linearibus acutis v. acuminatis, stipite basi squamato subcrinito. — Hook. Ie. Plant. t. 429; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 29. L. obtusata, Lab. Sert. Nov. Caled. t. 6. Stegania lan- ceolata, Br. Prodr. 154; Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. (Gunn, 27, 1525.) Has. Abundant in subalpine moist forests, etc., by streams of water.—(v. v.) DisrRiB. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands. Fronds tufted, on a very short, erect caudex, 2 inches to 2 feet high, firm in texture, but not coriaceous, pale- green, paler below; barren ones quite glabrous, long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, much narrowed below, often produced to the base of the short stipes, pinnate below, pinnatifid above. Pinne very numerous and close, narrow or broadly oblong-lanceolate, 3-2 inches long, blunt or sharp, quite entire or bluntly toothed towards the tip, ' transversely ribbed by the forked veins. Fertile fronds shorter; pinne distant, spreading, narrow-linear, acute or acuminate. Rachis and coste quite smooth and glabrous. Stipes with long, subulate, blackish scales at the base. —Norfolk Island specimens are very much larger than Tasmanian or New Zealand ones, and have almost filiform fertile pinnae, with subulate tips. 6. Lomaria discolor (Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 293) ; frondibus cespitosis, fertilibus glaberrimis subcoria- ceis subtus discoloribus rufo-brunneis (rarius concoloribus) pinnatifidis (basi sepius pinnatis) elongato-lan- ceolatis acutis basi angustatis, pinnis plurimis (subpectinatis) divaricatis approximatis sinu angusto acuto lineari-lanceolatis obtusis acutis acuminatisve infimis brevibus integerrimis v. obscure sinuatis, costa rachique glaberrimis, fronde fertili plerumque pinnatifida pinnis obtusis basi dilatatis nudis inferioribus ste- rilibus rarius pinnata pinnis basi substipitatis, costa valida atra, stipite brevi basi paleaceo.—7. N. Zeal. ii. 32. Hemionitis discolor, Schk. Fil. t. 6 (sub nom. H. rufa). Onoclea nuda, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 96. 4. 246. ? Stegania falcata, Br. Prodr. 154. (Gunn, 2, 1520.) 144 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Filices. Has. Abundant in damp forests, etc.— (v. v.) DisrgrB. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand. It is generally easy to distinguish this from L. lanceolata by the red colour of the under surface of the frond, but this is not always the case, either in New Zealand or in Australian and Tasmanian specimens. Labillardiere hence made a new species of the Tasmanian, which has been retained by Mr. Brown; but I find the colour to vary from green to red-brown, and there is no other character whereby to separate them.— Fonds tufted on the top of a very short, woody, erect, thick caudex, forming an elegant crown, 1-3 feet long, narrow, linear-lanceolate, perfectly glabrous, rather coriaceous, pinnatifid. Pinne very numerous, close, and placed at right angles to the rachis, with a narrow slit between the contiguous pairs, straight, linear-oblong or lanceolate, blunt, sharp, or acu- minate, 13-4 inches long, obscurely serrate or quite entire; lowest smaller, sometimes distant. Fertile fronds pinnate or pinnatifid; pinnz spreading, stout, linear, dilated, adnate, or contracted and almost stipitate at the base; lower pinnz often quite barren, and like those of the barren frond. Costa and rachis quite smooth, the latter very stout, often black, deeply channelled in front. Stipes short, stout, scaly at the base. 7. Lomaria alpina (Spr. Syst. Veg. iv. 62) ; glaberrima, fronde sterili stipitata anguste lineari pro- funde pinnatifida v. pinnata, pinnis approximatis basi lata sessilibus oblongis obtusis coriaceis inferioribus minoribus, costa tenui, rachi valida, fronde fertili elongata sterilibus longiore pinnata, pinnis lineari- oblongis obtusis divaricatis curvis, infimis parvis remotis sterilibus, stipite valido nudo v. sparse squamato, rhizomate ceespitoso repente squamoso.—477. Antarct. p. 392. t. 150; Fl. N. Zeal. ìi. p. 30; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 32. L. polypodioides, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 374. L. Antarctica, Carm. Fl. Ins. Trist. d Acunha in Linn. Trans. xii. 512. L. linearis, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. ii. p. 176. Stegania alpina, Br. Prodr. 152. (Gunn, 21, 1523.) : Has. Abundant in boggy places, and on the tops of all the mountains.—(v. v.) Disrris. Mountains of Victoria, New Zealand, South Chili, Fuegia, and the Antarctic Islands. (Cultivated in England.) A small, coriaceous species, with creeping rhizome and very cespitose narrow fronds, of which the fertile are always much the longest; weak, elongated specimens have less coriaceous fronds, with obscurely sinuate pinnules. —Fronds 2 inches to 2 feet high, with long stipes, linear, 4-4 inch broad, narrowed above and below, deeply pin- natifid or pinnate. Pinne twenty to fifty pairs, very close together, linear-oblong, blunt, sessile on very broad bases. Fertile fronds pinnate; pinne spreading, sometimes deflexed, remote, linear, blunt, curving upwards, rarely straight and short; lowest remote, small, rounded, often without sori. Involucres distinct, scarious. Rachis and stipes stout, smooth, sometimes with a few palee. Rhizome paleaceous. Gen. XIII. ASPLENIUM, Z. Sori lineares, sparsi, superficie (rarius margine) frondis, venis paralleli. Znvodwerum e vena lateraliter ortum ducens, margine superiore libero. One of the largest and most widely diffused genera of Ferns, of which the species also have an extensive geo- graphical distribution, and are extremely variable. The genus is distinguished by bearing on the back of the frond linear sori, covered with a linear membranous involucre Involucre attached lengthwise to a veinlet (with which the sori are parallel), opening lengthwise and inwards; sometimes the fronds are cut or divided between every veinlet, when the sori become marginal, and the involucres appear to open outwards, but if the whole pinna be carefully regarded, it will be seen that the involucre really opens towards its costa. (Name from o, privative, and eA, the spleen ; in allusion to some supposed medicinal qualities.) Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 145 $ a. Fronds simply pinnate; pinne toothed, scarcely lobed. Involucre with one free margin. l. Asplenium flabellifolium (Cav. Prel. 1801. p. 258); parvulum, flaccidum, frondibus decum- bentibus, lineari-elongatis pinnatis, pinnis rhombeis breviter stipitatis antice crenato-dentatis, rachi levi filiformi apice elongato radicante.—Sw. Fil. p. 81. t. 31. f. 2; Br. Prodr. 150; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 33. (Gunn, 22.) Has. Abundant in most parts of the Island, especially in rocky or stony soil.—(v. v.) Disreıs. South-eastern and Western Australia, New Zealand. (Cultivated in England.) Fronds tufted, straggling, prostrate or pendulous, slender, weak, flaccid, 3-8 inches long, pinnate, quite gla- brous. Pinne very variable in size and shape, 4-2 inch long, shortly stipitate, rhomboid or orbicular, broadly cuneate or rarely reniform at the base; outer margin coarsely crenate or lobed. Sori radiating from the base of the pinna. Rachis filiform, elongated, its apex without pinnz, often rooting.— This is a very distinct species from any of the following. 2. Asplenium Trichomanes (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1540); frondibus parvulis pinnatis subcoriaceis ceespi- tosis erecto-patentibus lineari-elongatis, pinnis rotundatis oblongisve obtusis crenatis basi cuneato-truncatis, rachi stipitegue nigris.— Eng. Bot. t. 576. (Gunn, 37, 1592.) Has. Clefts of rocks by the Acheron and Franklin Rivers, Gunn.—(v. v.) Disrgis. New South Wales, Victoria, South Africa, Pacific Islands, South America, and throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. (Common in Britain.) A less straggling plant than 4. flabellifolium, readily distinguished by its black stipes and rachis, and more coriaceous fronds that do not root at the apex. 3. Asplenium obtusatum (Forst. Prodr. n. 430); frondibus coriaceis ceespitosis erectis v. pendulis pinnatis, pinnis breviter stipitatis oblongis oblongo-lanceolatisve obtusis acutis acuminatisve serratis crena- tisve basi obligue cuneatis rotundatis truncatisve, rachi crassa marginata glaberrima v. sparse subsguamoso- pilosa, stipite basi sguamato, sguamis nitidis. Var. a; fronde erecta, pinnis valde coriaceis obtusis acuminatisve, venis ut plurimum simplicibus.— A. obtusatum, Forst. Prodr.; Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 93. t. 249. f.2; Br. Prodr. 150; Schkuhr, Fil. i. p. 6.1. 68; Fl. Antarct. p. 108 ; Fl. N. Zeal. ìi. 33; Hook. Fil. Exot. t. 46. (Gunn, 1527.) Var. 8. obliquum; pinnis coriaceis elongatis lanceolatis acuminatis, soris linearibus, venis subremotis simplicibus furcatisve.—47. Antarct. p. 108; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 33. A. obliquum, Forst. Prodr. n. 429; Schkuhr, Fil. t. 115 Lab. l.c. t. 249. f. 1. A. oblongifolium, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Has. Very abundant, especially on maritime rocks.—(v. v.) Disrris. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Islands, South Africa. (Cultivated in England.) The form I have called var. a is an extremely abundant Fern in the southern hemisphere, especially on mari- time rocks, and represents in these regions its very near ally, the common 4. marinum of England, from which it differs chiefly in the upper pinnze being confluent into a broader terminal pinna, and in the generally simple veins, characters which I fear may prove inconstant.— ronds very thick and leathery, tufted, 3 inches to 3 feet long, erect or pendulous, pinnate; pinne 1-4 inches long, stalked, linear- or oblong-lanceolate or oblong, blunt or sharp; dase truncate, cuneate, or rounded ; margin coarsely crenate or serrate. Veins often quite simple. Rachis very stout, compressed, margined, glabrous or with a few scattered soft hairs. Stipes covered at the base with long, broad; erect, shining, subulate scales.—Small plants have only one or two pairs of pinne, which are often short and blunt. Sometimes the lower pinne are lobed or pinnate at the base. VOL. II. ET 146 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Filices. 4. Asplenium lucidum (Forst. Prodr. n. 427); frondibus submembranaceis ceespitosis pinnatis, pinnis ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis longe acuminatis stipitatis basi angustatis grosse crenatis, soris elongatis, rachi gracili non marginata, stipite basi squamato, squamis nitidis.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 72; Fl. N. Zeal. 1. 33. Has. Mount Wellington, Frazer. Distris. New Zealand. Most probably only a variety of 4. obtusatum, but a very distinct-looking one in its ordinary state. It may be distinguished by its larger size, more membranous texture, deeper green colour, shining surface, more narrowed longer pinnze, which have longer stalks, and by the rachis not being margined.—I have seen only a fragment of a specimen collected by Frazer, and labelled as above, but which may possibly have been collected in New Zealand, where this Fern is very common. $ b. Fronds bipinnatifid, bipinnate, or decompound, sometimes irregularly divided into many elongated pinnules. Sori on the backs or margins of the lobes. Involucre as in § a. 5. Asplenium bulbiferum (Forst. Prodr. n. 433); fronde bi-tripinnata lanceolata fiaccida glabra seepius prolifera, pinnis primariis elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis, pinnulis lineari-oblongis stipitatis inciso- lobatis soris (brevibus) margine remotis v. inciso-pinnatifidis soris marginalibus, lobulis obtusis, rachi mar- ginata v. elata, glabrata v. parce paleacea, stipite subcompresso basi nudiusculo.—Sehkkuhr, Fil. t. 79 ; Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 423. (Gunn, 1530.) Var. B. laxa ; frondibus sepius pendulis minoribus.— 77. N. Zeal. ii. 34. A. laxum, Br. Pedr. 151. Cenopteris appendiculata, Lab. Nov. Holl. ìi. 94. t. 243. (Gunn, 25, 1529.) Var. y; frondibus pendulis, pinnis inciso-lobatis basi pinnatis, pinnulis obovatis obtuse incisis.— 77. N. Zeal. i. 34. Ad A. flaccidum, Forst., tendet. Has. Abundant in damp woods throughout the Island.—(v. v.) DisrarB. South-eastern Australia and New Zealand. (Cultivated in England.) The most highly developed form of this Fern is a very beautiful one, and easily recognized by its habit of bearing germinating bulbs on its pinnules, whence its name; but this character is not always present, and then thc species becomes 4. laxum, Br. Pendulous specimens of the var. lava pass into 4. flaccidum, Forst.—Fronds 1-3 feet high, flaccid, glabrous, broadly ovate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, erect or pendulous, bright-green, not so pale and coriaceous as in A. flaccidum, bi-tripinnate, generally bipinnate. Pinne 6-10 inches long, with a mar- gined or winged rachis; pinnules stipitate, linear-obovate or oblong; or broadly ovate, lobed or pinnatifid. Sori short, marginal in pinnatifid fronds; sometimes the fronds are simply pinnate, and the pinnse lanceolate lobed or toothed, or pinnate below and lobed above; or sometimes the pinnules are distant and stalked, or pinnatifidly cut into linear distant lobes, as in 4. flaccidum. Rachis glabrous, or with a few scattered pales. Stipes generally . compressed or angled, sometimes margined, more or less paleaceous at the base. 6. Asplenium flaccidum (Forst. Prodr. n. 426) ; frondibus ceespitosis crasse coriaceis erectis v. pendulis ovatis oblongis loricatisve rigidis v. flaccidis pinnatis bipinnatis v. laxe dichotome ramosis, ramis pinnisve brevibus v. valde elongatis remotis v. approximatis simplicibus pinnatifidis pinnatisve, lobis pinnisve varie sectis ultimis plerisque linearibus obtusis, soris marginalibus rarius dorsalibus, rachi glabra margi- nata, stipite basi paleaceo, rhizomate fibroso squamis latis longe acuminatis aucto.— 77. Antaret. p. 109. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 34. Ceenopteris Nove-Zelandiee, Spr. in Schrad. Journ. 1799. ii. p. 269; Schk. Crypt. t. 82. Darea flaccida et D. Odontites, Willd. Sp. Pl. 296. (Gunn, 1533.) Has. Not uncommon on exposed rocks, etc.—(v. v. Disrris. New South Wales and New Zealand. (Cultivated in England.) Filices.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 147 A very variable Fern, more coriaceous and generally less divided than 4. bulbiferum, of a paler colour, and with more often linear-elongate segments. $ ALLANTODIA.—Involuere membranous, arched, both margins attached to the vein, hence cylindrical. 7. Asplenium (Allantodia) Brownii (J. Sm. Gen. Fil. et Bot. Mag. Suppl. lxxii. p. 30); fronde ampla membranacea deltoidea flaccida bi-tripinnata, pinnis lineari-oblongis acutis, pinnulis oblongo-lanceo- latis obtusis v. acuminatis profunde pinnatifidis, lobis oblongis obtusis integerrimis crenatis inciso-serratisve, rachibus glaberrimis flexuosis, stipite levi glabro v. basi subsquamato.—Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 978 ; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 36. Athyrium australe, Presl, Pterid. p. 98; Fe, Gen. Fil. p. 186. Allantodia australis, Br. Prodr. p.149. (Gunn, 42, 1531.) Has. Not rare in dense shaded forests : Fingal and Circular Head, Gunn ; Huon River, J. D. H.— (v. v.) DisrnrB. New South Wales, New Zealand, Malay Islands. (Cultivated in England.) One of the most delicate and beautiful Ferns in Tasmania, and very similar to, if not identical with a species from the Society Islands, East Indies, and South America.—Fronds very membranous, flaccid, quite glabrous, 2-4 feet high, broadly deltoid, spreading, bi-tripinnate. Primary pinne linear-oblong, acute or acuminate; secondary (or pinnules) 1-2 inches long, oblong-lanceolate, shortly stipitate, pinnatifid or pinnate; segments linear-oblong, blunt, crenate or inciso-serrate, rarely quite entire. Sori generally numerous, 1-2 lines long, nearer the costa than the margin. Rachis quite glabrous, slender, rather flexuous. Stipes long, smooth, glabrous, or scaly at the base.—Small specimens of this plant, growing in drier situations, have narrower fronds, not so membranous, and nearly entire lobes of the pinnules. Gen. XIV. DOODIA, Br. Sori lunulati v. lineares, 1-2-seriati, cost paralleli. Znvolucrum e ramulo anastomosante vene ortum, planum, intus liberum.—Frondes cespitose, rigidiuscule, duriuscule, pinnate. A small genus of Ferns, natives chiefly of the tropics and south temperate zone, being found in India, the Malay and Pacific Islands, and in Australia and Tasmania.—Fronds in D. caudata very harsh, coriaceous, erect, 3-18 inches long, tufted, linear-lanceolate, pinnate, the apex often dilated or running out into a linear tail. Stipes short. Rachis glabrous or pubescent. Pinne 4—2 inches long, spreading; upper confluent or adnate by a broad base, linear-oblong or ovate-oblong, blunt; the lower smaller, shortly stipitate, cordate, truncate, rounded or sub- dilated at the base, sharply toothed, glabrous or pubescent below; the veins prominent when dry, forked, united by a transverse branch. Sori short, linear or crescent-shaped on the back of the pinne, forming one or two rows parallel to one another on each side of the costa. Znvolucre linear, placed on an arching veinlet that joins two veins, opening towards the costa. (Named in honour of S. Doody, an old author on English Cryptogamie Botany.) l. Doodia caudata (Br. Prodr. 151).— Hook. Exot. Flor. t.25; FI. N. Zeal. ii. 37. D. Kunthiana, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. 11; Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. p. 401. t. 14. D. aspera, Br. Prodr. 151. (Gunn, 1.) Has. Abundant in dry, stony places, as well as in shaded situations.—(v. v.) DisrarB. Extratropical Australia, New Zealand. (Cultivated in England.) Gen. XV. POLYSTICHUM, Schott. Sori globosi, dorsales, medio venarum venularumgue inserti. Jnvo/ucrum orbiculare, peltatim medio sori affixum, substipitatum, undique liberum.—Rhizoma breve v. elongatum. Frondes alterne v. caspilose, bi-tripinnate. 148 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Pilices. A very large genus of Ferns, found in all parts of the globe, and of which the species are very widely distri- buted and variable.—Fronds (in the Tasmanian species) bi-tripinnate, coriaceous, lobed, serrate, or spinulose. Sori round, placed on the middle of the veins at the back of the pinnules, remote from the margin. /nvolucre orbicu- . lar, peltately attached by a short stalk to the centre of the sorus, its edges free all round. (Name from rodus, many, and orixos, a row; from the numerous sori.) 1. Polystichum coriaceum (Schott, Gen. Fil.) ; rhizomate elongato repente squamato, fronde pin- nata v. bipinnata coriacea ovato-oblonga deltoidea, pinnis superioribus crenatis inferioribus pinnatifido- lobatis obtusis integerrimis crenatisve, rachi squamosa, stipite paleaceo.—//. N. Zeal. i. 37. Aspidium coriaceum, Br. Prodr. 147 ; Schkuhr, Fil. t. 50; Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. 8. A. Cunninghamianum, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. (Gunn, 9, 1516.) Has. Not uncommon in forests, etc. : St. Patrick's River, Gunn ; sides of Mount Wellington, J. D. H. (v. v.) Distri. Throughout the tropics and south-temperate regions of the globe. (Cultivated in England.) This plant varies a good deal in stature and amount of division of the fronds, number, distance, and length of the pinne; the fronds are always extremely coriaceous, and pale-brown when dry.—Rhizome stout, creeping, clothed with large membranous scales. Frond 6-24 inches high, very firm and thick in texture, ovate, deltoid or oblong-lanceolate, pinnate or bipinnate. Pinnules stalked, ovate or linear-oblong, entire or lobed; lobes rounded, quite entire or crenate. Sori large, brown or black. Rachis generally with spreading, scale-like hairs. Stipes stout, covered with scattered large paleæ, rarely naked. 2. Polystichum vestitum (Presl, Pterid. 83); frondibus coriaceis bipinnatis (interdum proliferis), pinnis lineari-lanceolatis, pinnulis brevi-stipitatis oblique ovato-oblongis glabris mucronatis integris crenatis v. argute inciso-dentatis inferioribus nunc basi pinnatifidis, lobulo antico dilatato, stipite rachique villoso paleisque latis castaneis deciduis onusto, rhizomate et basi stipitis squamis magnis densissime tectis.— Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 38. Aspidium vestitum, Willd. Sp. Pl. ; Schkuhr, Fil. t. 43. A. proliferum, Br. Prodr. 147. A. pulcherrimum ef A. Waikarense, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. A. venustum, Homb. et Jacq. Voy. au Póle Sud, t. 5; Fl. Antarct. p. 107. An Polytrichum aculeatum, Roth? (Gunn, 7, 1517.) Has. Abundant in subalpine situations, as on Mount Wellington, from 3000 feet to the summit.— (v. v.) DisrarB. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand, Malay Islands, extratropical South America. (Cul- tivated in England.) A very handsome and variable Fern. Mr. Brown's 4. proliferum, founded on a proliferous plant, supposed both by Mr. Brown and myself (see “ Flora Antarctica”) to want the broad scales, is the same as this; for Mr. Gunn has sent specimens of it equally possessing the scales in a young state, and the P. vestitum is often proliferous in | New Zealand. In Lord Auckland's Group it becomes subarboreous, having a stout caudex 2-4 feet high.— ronds very numerous, spreading like a crown from a stout rhizome, 1-3 feet high, rigid, coriaceous, linear or ovate-oblong, bipinnate. Pinne linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules numerous, shortly stipitate, ovate-oblong, entire, sharply toothed or almost pinnatifid, the lobes often pungent; the lower outer margin produced into a short, broad, blunt auricle. Rachis woolly, and as well as the stipes covered with large, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, membranous sese that are often lacerated, and are deep brown ; those at the base of the stipes of large specimens have a white margin, and are very densely set, an inch long, and curved. Gen. XVI. NEPHRODIUM, Zr. Sori globosi, dorsales, medio v. ad apicem venularum inserti. Involuerum reniforme, sinu affixum. A large genus of Ferns, natives of both hot and cold climates, chiefly distinguished from Polystichum by the Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 149 involucre being reniform and attached by the sinus, and not orbicular or peltately attached. (Name from vegpos, a kidney ; in allusion to the form of the involucre.) 1. Nephrodium decompositum (Br. Prodr. 149) ; frondibus glabris puberulis vel pubescentibus ovatis v. deltoideis bi-tri-quadripinnatis membranaceis, pinnulis decurrenti-coadunatis ovato- v. oblongo- lanceolatis inciso-lobatis pinnatifidisve, lobulis dentatis acutis obtusisve, rachibus tenuiter marginatis, stipite gracili basi nudo.— FV. N. Zeal. ii. p. 39. t. 79. (Gunn, 53.) Has. Woods near Hobarton.— (v. v.) Disrris. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand. (Cultivated in England.) A common and very variable plant.—Frond a span to 3 feet high, ovate-lanceolate, broadly ovate, or deltoid, sometimes pentagonous from the first division of the lowest branch being elongated, tri-quadripinnate or bipinnate only, quite smooth or more or less downy, sometimes covered with resinous, glandular points. Pinne often elon- gate and even caudate, especially in Tasmania. Pi»»wles small, decurrent, oblong or ovato-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobed or toothed; divisions very sharp or blunt. Sori small, numerous, placed on the middle of a venule. Invo- lucre glabrous or hairy. Rachis with a very narrow wing or margin, or naked, smooth or pubescent, as is the stipes, which is slender, and bears at the curved base a few short chaffy scales. Sub-tribe B.—Sorus naked, neither covered by an involucre, nor by the inflexed margin of the frond. Gen. XVII. POLYPODIUM, Presi. Sori globosi, dorsales, nudi, medio venularum inserti. Vene furcate, nunquam anastomosantes.— Frons pinnatifida v. bi-tripinnata. An extensive genus, principally of temperate and tropical Ferns, which may be readily characterized by having round, naked sori, placed on the middle of forked, free veinlets. One of the Tasmanian species (P. rugulosum) appears to me to pass into Hypolepis tenuifolia, the sori sometimes approaching the margin of the lobes, and the latter becoming more or less recurved. The other species totally differs in habit and appearance from the above. (Name from zoue, many, and rovs, a foot; in allusion to the habit of some Fern to which the name was applied by the ancients.) 1. Polypodium rugulosum (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 92. t. 241); rhizomate repente, fronde viscido-puberula v. glandulosa bi-quadripinnata ovato- v. deltoideo-lanceolata, pinnis lanceolatis acumi- natis submembranaceis coriaceisve, pinnulis lineari-oblongis obtusis profunde pinnatifidis, lobis obtusis crenatis, stipite rachigue castaneis (rarius pallidis) scaberulis hispidulis asperisve.— Br. Prodr. 147; Fl. N. Zeal. iv. 41. P. viscidum, Spr. Syst. Veg. iv. p. 61; Fl. Antaret. p. 110. P. villoso-viscidum, Petit- Thouars, Fl. Trist. d' Acun.; Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. Cheilanthes viscosa, Carm. Fl. Trist. d Acun. in Linn. Soc. Trans. xii. p. 511. (Gunn, 17.) | : Has. Abundant in damp and rather dry woods.—(v. v.) DisrRiB. Common in the subtropical and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. (Cultivated in England.) : Whole plant more or less covered with rufous glandular pubescence, a span to feet TR. trend bi-tri- quadripinnate, broadly deltoid or ovate-lanceolate, more or less membranous, rarely coriaceous. Pinne very vari- able in length, lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules adnate by a broad base, linear-oblong, blunt, deeply pinnatifid ; lobes entire or erenate, blunt. Sori on the middle of a veinlet. Stipes and rachis generally dark-brown, slender, scabrid, sometimes muricated, often hispid with scattered hairs, rarely glabrous. Rhizome rigid, woody, creeping, scaly and hispid, sending up distant fronds.—I have found it quite impossible to give distinctive characters to the numerous varieties of this very common plant. Mueller's P. Kippistianum appears to be a more glabrous state, found in Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania. : i VOL. II. 2a 150 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Filices. Oss. Amongst Gunn's specimens of this plant and Hypolepis tenuifolia, I find specimens of Hyp. tenuifolia, Hook. (a New Zealand species), which I regret having overlooked previously. It may be known by its small size and simply bipinnate fronds, and is perhaps only a small state of H. tenuifolia. Mr. Gunn's specimens are from the cataracts of the South Esk River and Western Mountains, elev. 2000 feet (n. 1544 and 1544 ?). 2. Polypodium Grammitidis (Br. Prodr. 147); fronde glaberrima lineari v. lineari-oblonga pro- funde decursivo-pinnatifida, pinnis linearibus integris lobato-dentatis v. rarius pinnatifidis, lobis interdum elongatis caudatisve, soris globosis oblongisve.— Z7. Antarct. p. 111; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 41. Grammitis heterophylla, Lad. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 90. t. 239. Xiphopteris heterophylla, Spr. Syst. Veg. iv. 44. . (Gunn, ll, 1543.) Has. Abundant on subalpine rocks, forming matted patches.—(v. v.) Distris. New Zealand, Java. Roots fibrous. - Fronds an inch to a span long, tufted, linear-oblong, ovate or lanceolate, coriaceous, opague, scaly at the very base of the stipes, perfectly glabrous elsewhere, deeply pinnatifid. Pinnules somewhat distant, linear, blunt, decurrent, guite entire, or lobed, or subpinnatifid, often irregularly, with one or two lobes lengthened or running out into a tail. Sori round or oblong. Rachis and short stipes winged nearly to the base.—Dwarf states have small, linear, lobed fronds. Gen. XVIII. PHYMATODES, Presi. Sori in sp. Tasmanize uniseriales, plus minusve fossa frondis immersi, globosi v. oblongi, nudi. Pene furcatee, omnes anastomosantes, areolis subhexagonis; venulis paucis, areolis liberis.— Rhizoma repens, squamosum. Frondes coriacee, simplices v. Pinnatifide. Stipes basi articulatus. A very abundant tropical genus of Ferns, generally growing on trunks of trees, distinguished by the naked (large) sori partly sunk in a pit of the frond, and the anastomosing veins. The fronds are coriaceous, simple or pinnatifid, perfectly glabrous, rising from a stout, creeping rhizome. (Name from pupa, a swelling ; in allusion to the thickened base of the articulated frond.) 1. Phymatodes Billardieri (Presl, Pterid. 196); frondibus coriaceis glaberrimis integris piunati- fidisque, pinnis remotis approximatisve anguste linearibus v. late oblongis margine incrassatis, soris sub- saccatis solitariis, rhizomate glaucescente crasso subsguamoso.— 77. Antarct. i. 111; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 42. Polypodium, Br. Prodr. 147. P. scandens, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. i. p. 91. t. 240 (non Forst.). (Gunn, 6.) Has. Abundant on rocks and trunks of trees.—(v. v.) Distris. Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Malay Islands. (Cultivated in England.) A very common and variable plant.—Rhizome stout, creeping, generally quite glaucous, partially scaly, some- times thickly covered with membranous pales. Fronds numerous, 3 inches to 1% foot long, coriaceous, perfectly smooth, shining, with a thickened margin; some entire, lanceolate, acute, others broader and pinnatifid; pinnules close or distant, narrow-linear or broadly oblong; margins thickened, blunt or acute. Sori numerous, large, glo- bose or oblong, partially sunk in the frond. Costa very stout and prominent. Stipes stout, scarcely winged above, obscurely jointed on to the rhizome. Gen. XIX. GRAMMITIS, Sw. Sori medio venule affixi, oblongi v. lineares, uniseriales (in sp. Tasmania), coste obliqui, nudi. Vene simplices v. furcatee, immerse, libere.—Rhizoma repens, squamosum, breve v. elongatum. Frondes cespi- Lose, coriaceg ; venis immersis, inconspicuis. Rhizome creeping, often short, scaly. Fronds densely crowded, 4 inch to a foot long, quite glabrous, rarely Filices. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 151 pubescent, sometimes pilose or ciliated, erect, very coriaceous, linear-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, blunt, or nar- rowed at the point, quite entire, narrowed into a short winged or margined stipes. Sori oblong or linear, oblique, in one series on each side the obscure costa, in small varieties becoming confluent into a mass. Veins wholly im- mersed, forked, free. (Name from ypaypy, a line; in allusion to the linear sorus.) l. Grammitis australis (Br. Prodr. 146); rhizomate repente squamoso, frondibus dense cespi- tosis erectis linearibus lineari- v. obovato-lanceolatis integerrimis obtusis subacutisve glaberrimis rarius ciliatis hirsutis pilosisve basi in stipitem brevem angustatis, soris linearibus oblongisve (exemplaribus parvis confluentibus).—F/. Antarct. i. 111. G. Billardieri, Willd. Sp. Plant. v. 139; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 44. G. ciliata, Col. in Tasm. Phil. Journ. G. scolopendrina, Bory, in Duperrey Voy. p. 257. t. 30. f.1. (Gunn, 12, 1545, 1546.) Has. Abundant on damp rocks and trunks of trees throughout the Island, ascending to 4500 feet.— (v. v.) DisrRrB. South-eastern Australia and New Zealand, Fuegia, and the Falkland Islands. This is an extremely variable Fern, often ciliated with caducous hairs, especially on the stipes. Alpine speci- mens form dense Moss-like patches of small, obovate, coriaceous, blunt fronds, 3 inch high, with confluent sori towards the apex. In dry rocky places, again, it assumes the form of a very narrow, rigid, wiry frond. The scales on the rhizome also vary extremely in length and colour. Gen. XX. GYMNOGRAMMA, Desv. Sort nudi, lineares, dorso venarum venularumque siti, demum confluentes. Vena furcate, libere.— Rhizoma drevissimum v. nullum. Frondes cespitose, pinnate v. bi-tripinnate. Prineipally tropical Ferns, with (rarely simple) pinnate, bi-tripinnate, tufted fronds, having no rhizome or a very short one.—Sori naked, linear, occupying the veins and venules, hence often running in lines and forking; also covering the spaces between the veins, and then becoming confluent. (Name from yvpvos, naked, and ypappn, a line; in allusion to the linear sorus, which has no indusium.) 1. Gymnogramma ruteefolia (Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 90) ; frondibus cespitosis erectis pinnatis villosis, pinnis alternis remotis cuneatis flabellatisve inciso-crenatis lobatis dentatisve.— Hoo. Je. Plant. t. 935; Fil. Exot. t. 5; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 45. G. Hispanica, Cosson, in Ann. Sc. Nat. et Notice sur Plantes rares du Midi et de V Espagne. G. subglandulosa, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 9. Grammitis rutefolia, Br. Prodr. 146. Pleurosorus ruteefolius ef P. cuneatus, Fée, Gen. Fil. p. 180. (Gunn, 44, 1547.) Has. Common in shaded, dry, stony places.—(v. v.) DisrRIB. Australia, New Zealand, Pyrenees of Northern Spain. This little plant is abundant in extratropical Australia and Tasmania, and has also been gathered in the Pyrenees, but I know of no other countries which it inhabits.—Fronds densely tufted, 3-5 inches long, villous, often glandular, pinnate; roots of numerous tufted fibres. Pinne 2-5 lines long, alternate, distant, shortly stipi- tate, cuneate or flabellate, more or less incised or lobed, rarely quite entire. Sori linear, scattered, often confluent. 2. Gymnogramma leptophylla (Desv. Journ. Bot. 1813. t. 26) ; tenella, glaberrima, fragilis, fron- dibus cespitosis oblongo-lanceolatis bi-tripinnatifidis, pinnis membranaceis obovato-cuneatis bi-trifidis loba- tisve, lobis obtusis, costa flexuosa, rachi marginata inferne nuda stipitegue nitida antice sulcata, soris con- fluentibus.—Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 25; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 45. Grammitis leptophylla, Swartz, Syn. Fil. pp. 23 et 218. t. 1. f. 6. Haz. Spring Bay, in a cave near the Tamar River, Gunz. 152 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Filices. Distri. East and West Australia, New Zealand, North and South Africa, extratropical South America, the Himalaya Mountains, and shores of the Mediterranean, Jersey. This beautiful little Fern is remarkable for its wide geographical distribution in the northern hemisphere.— Fronds an inch to a span high, perfectly glabrous, membranous and shining, pale-green, oblong-lanceolate, bi-tripin- natifid. Pinnules 2-4 lines long, obovate-cuneate, twice or thrice lobed or crenate, the lobes blunt. Partial rachis winged. Stipes and main rachis usually red-brown, brittle, shining, grooved in front. Tribe V. Scu1zaum.—Sori arranged in imbricated spikes, or on resupinate divisions of the frond. - Capsules sessile, striated at the apex (the horizontal ring being terminal). Gen. XXI. SCHIZAA, Sm. Capsule ovoidex, basi insertee, reticulatee, apice striatee, secus lacinias lineares incurvas frondis resu- pinate biseriatim insertee. Indusium nullum v. e margine laciniarum inflexa formatum.— Rhizoma repens, breve, squamosum. Frondes cespitose, erecta, simplices v. dicholome ramose, filiformes, sulcate, sepius eristam terminalem profunde pinnatifidam gerentes; pinnis linearibus, conniventibus, pagina superiore sori- feris. : A very curious genus, rare in the north-temperate zone, common in the south-temperate and tropics. The species have erect, generally simple, sometimes dichotomously or flabellately branched, linear, flattened or filiform fronds, which bear at their apices a small, inclined, pinnatifid limb or comb, upon whose divisions the capsules are arranged.— Capsules in two series, close together on each side of the costa of each division, partially covered by the incurved margin, ovoid, sessile by the broad end, reticulated, striated at the smaller end, bursting laterally. Spores with rounded angles.— The fructification deceptively appears borne on the upper surface of the frond in this genus, the upper portion of the latter being resupinate ; the groove of the stipes, which indicates the true upper surface, will be found on the opposite side from the capsules. (Name from oxılw, to divide ; from the split frond.) 1. Schizza bifida (Sw. Fil. 151); frondibus simplicibus dichotomisve asperulis subsemiteretibus, pinnis 8-16-jugis margine lacero-crinitis.— Br. Prodr. 162 ; Schnizlein, Icon. t. 24; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 4T. S. fistulosa, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. à. 108. £. 250. f. 3. S. australis, Gaud. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1825. p. 98. (Gunn, 55.) Has. Heathy places: near Georgetown, Gunn.—(v. v.) Disrris. Australia, New Zealand, East Indies, tropical America, Antarctic Islands. Rhizome short, stout, subterranean, thickly covered with red-brown paleaceous hairs. Fronds numerous, tufted, wiry, erect, rough to the touch, a few inches to 13 foot long, simple or once branched, semiterete, grooved on one side. Comb or appendix reclined, of eight to ten pairs of pinne, with laciniate-crinite edges.—The S. aus- tralis of Auckland Island seems to be a small variety of this species. Tribe VI. OSsMUNDACE®.—Sori naked. Capsules stalked, with a broad, dorsal, incomplete ring, bursting vertically. Gen. XXII. TODEA, Willd. Capsule pedicellate, globose, nude, annulo dorsali brevi lato, superficie inferiore frondis sparse, venis simplicibus furcatisve insidentes. Spore ovoidee.—Frondes fasciculata, coriacee. The only Tasmanian species of Todea is a tall, handsome, tufted Fern, with glabrous, bipinnate, coriaceous fronds, the lower pinnz on each division of which are generally densely covered with large, crowded, pale-brown Filices.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 153 sporangia.—Pinnules linear-oblong, serrate, blunt. Capsules large. (Named in honour of Henry Julius Tode, of Mecklenburg, an eminent Mycologist.) l. Todea Africana (Willd. in Schrift. Acad. zu Erfurt, p. 14. t. 3. f. 1); frondibus bipinnatis coriaceis glabris, pinnulis confluentibus serratis inferioribus fructiferis. —Swartz, Syn. Fil. 162 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 46 B; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 48 et 338. Osmunda barbata, Br. Prodr. 163. O. barbara, Thunb. Prodr. 171. (Gunn, 14, 1549.) (Tas. CLXVIIT.) | Has. Fringeing the banks of the Yorktown rivulet; abundant; scarce elsewhere, Guan; Recherche Bay, Oldfield.—(v. v.) Distriz. New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand, South Africa. (Cultivated in England.) A noble Fern, with a caudex at times 5 feet high and 6-9 in circumference. Fronds sometimes 83 feet long. —PrarE CLXVIII. Fig. 1, capsules; 2, spores :—magnified. Tribe VII. OPHIOGLOSSEA.— Sori in stalked spikes or panicles. Capsules sessile, without a ring, globose, coriaceous, bursting transversely into two valves. Gen. XXIII. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Z. Capsule sessiles, globose, in spicam elongatam distiche biseriatim coadunate, coriacese, rima trans- versa dehiscentes. Spore minutissime, globoso-trigone.—Radix e fibris carnosis. Frons simplex, erecta, folium solitarium (rarius 2) simplex reticulatim nervosum gerens, in spicam elongatam pedunculatam desi- nens. A very curious genus, found in almost all latitudes to which Ferns extend. Upwards of thirty species have been made of it, many of which do not differ even as varieties from the common O. vulgatum of Europe, and most of them may, I think, be safely referred to that plant.—Root of long fleshy fibres, sometimes descending from a thickened base of the frond or tuberous rhizome. Frond simple, erect, 1 inch to a foot long, bearing one (rarely two) coriaceous, simple, linear or lanceolate or ovate, opaque or translucent leaf, with reticulate venation. Frue- tification a long flattened spike, which is shorter or longer than the leaf, and consists of two opposite rows, each of six to thirty globose capsules, cohering together and to a central axis, each bursting transversely. Spores very minute, rounded and trigonous. (Name from opus, a serpent, and yAwooa, a tongue.) 1. Ophioglossum vulgatum (L.). Var. 8. costatum; fronde ovata v. lanceolata reticulatim venosa costata v. ecostata.—Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 50. O. costatum, Br. Prodr. 163. (Gunn, 1552.) (TAB. CLXIX. A.) Haz. Var. 8. Common amongst grass: Formosa, Guun.— (v. v.) DisrRiB. Australia, New Zealand, and many other both tropical and temperate parts of the globe. Pate CLXIX. 4. Fig. 1, capsules; 2, spores :—magnified. Gen. XXIV. BOTRYCHIUM, ZL. Capsule globose, sessiles, distincte, in spicam di-trichotome divisam biseriatim dispositee, rima trans- versa dehiscentes. Spore trilobatee. — Radix subtuberosa, fibris crassis. Frons simplex, erecta, folium solitarium pinnatim v. bi-tripinnatim divisum gerens; venis pinnatis radiatisve, simplicibus v. furcatis. Spica pedunculata ; pedunculo e basi folii orto. A genus of few (perhaps only two) species, found in various temperate and tropical countries.—Root of very thick, fleshy fibres. Frond solitary, 3 inches to 2 feet high, of a very thick texture, consisting of one pinnate or bi-tripinnate or ternately decompound stipitate leaf, and a long, erect peduncle, bearing a deltoid or ovate, pinnate VOL. I. 2 R 154 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Lycopodiacee. or trichotomously branched spike of capsules, with unilateral branches. Pinnules lobed and crenate, blunt, ob- scurely veined; costa, stipes, and rachis glabrous or pubescent or woolly. Capsules globose, separate from one another, distichously arranged on the branches of the spike, each bursting transversely. Spores very minute, three-lobed, or of three connate spheres. (Name Borpus, a cluster ; from the branched clusters of capsules.) 1. Botrychium Virginianum (Sw. Syn. Fil. 171); glabrum v. pubescens, scapo subradicali, fronde trichotome divisa, segmentis bipinnatifidis lobatis crenatisque.—/77. N. Zeal. ii. 50. B. australe, Br. Prodr. 164. Osmunda ternata, Thunb. Jap. p. 329. t. 32. (Gunn, 30.) (Tas. CLXIX. B.) Has. Moist shaded places, Gunn.—(v. v.) DisrRIB. South-eastern Australia, New Zealand, Himalaya Mountains, Norway, America. Frond trichotomous, with pinnatifid or bipinnatifid segments, which are lobed or crenate.— PraATE CLXIX. B. Fig. 1, capsules; 2, spores :— magnified. 2. Botrychium Lunaria (Sw. Syn. Fil. 171); glabrum, fronde pinnata, pinnis lunatis.—/7. Antaret. ii. 550; Eng. Bot. t. 318; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.47 A. (Gunn, 29, 1557.) Has. Grassy places, meadows, etc. ; common, ascending to 4000 feet, Gunn.—(v. v.) Disrris. Victoria, Fuegia, and throughout the north-temperate and subarctic zones. (A native of Britain.) A smaller plant than B. Virginianum, with a simply pinnate frond of rounded, rhomboid, or lunate pinne, with radiating veins. Nat. Orb. II. LYCOPODIACEA, DC. Gen. I. PHYLLOGLOSSUM, Kunze. Capsule in spicam bracteatam pedunculatam disposite, axillis bractearum sessiles, reniformes, 2-locu- lares, 2-valves, rima verticali transverse dehiscentes, sporis minutissimis trigonis farctee.—Folia omnia radi- calia, pauca lineari-subulata, teretia. Radix tuberosa ; tuberibus didymis, Orchideis referentibus. A very remarkable plant, discovered almost contemporaneously by M. Preiss at Swan River, Mr. Gunn in Tasmania, and by myself in New Zealand. —Whole plant quite glabrous, rather fleshy, 1-3 inches high. Root of two ovoid tubers, quite like that of an Orchis, with long simple fibres from the crown. Leaves few, terete, subu- late, grass-green, erect, rising from the tubers of the present year. Stem, scape, or peduncle solitary, erect, terete, rising from among the leaves, bearing a small terete spike of imbricating, trigonous, pedicelled scales. Capsules, like those of Lycopodium, placed in the axils of the scales. (Name from $vAXov, a leaf, and yAwooa, a tongue.) 1. Phylloglossum Drummondii (Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 724, cum ic. xylog.). Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 908; PA Zeal. ii. 51. Lycopodium Sanguisorba, Spring, Monog. Lycop. pt. 2. p. 36. (Gunn, 1560.) Has. Georgetown, Gunn.—(v. v. Disrris. South-western Australia, New Zealand. Gen. II. TMESIPTERIS, Bernh. Capsule solitariee ad axillam folii furcati sessiles, oblongee, coriaceze, bilobee, lobis divaricatis subacutis, bivalves, rima verticali dehiscentes. Spore minutissime, oblonge, curvee.—Frons pendula, coriacea, foliosa. Stipes angulatus. Folia álterna, verticalia, plana, costata, enervia, obtusa, mucronata, basi decurrentia, fertilia stipitata biloba (seu didyma). A remarkable genus, containing only one species.—Pronds leafy, pendulous, flaccid, elongated, simple or . dichotomously branched, 6 inches to 2 feet long. Stipes angled. Leaves vertical, decurrent, oblong or ensiform, Lycopodiacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 155 sessile by a broad base, acuminate, blunt or truncate and retuse, with an exserted costa, opaque, coriaceous, 4-1 inch long. Fertile pinne didymous, stipitate. Capsule large, oblong, two-lobed, the lobes divaricating, splitting into two valves through both lobes, placed at the forking of a pinnule. Spores very minute, oblong, curved.—Two species have been made of this plant, one for the truncate-leaved, and the other for the acuminate-leaved, but both forms may be found on one specimen. (Name from runos, a notch, and wrepıs, a Fern ; from the split pinnules.) l. Tmesipteris Forsteri (Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. 6).—Spring, Monog. Lycop. p. 265. T. Tannensis, Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p.105.1.252; Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. 1801, p. 131. 1.2. 55; FUN. Zeal. ii. 51. Psilotum truncatum, Br. Prodr. 164. T. Billardieri, Spring, Monog. d e, (Gunn, 1553.) Has. Not uncommon, hanging from trunks of tree-ferns, rocks, etc.—(v. v.) DistriB. Victoria, New South Wales, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, California. Gen. III. LYCOPODIUM, L. Capsule sessiles, axillares, uniloculares, reniformes, rima longitudinali dehiscentes, bivalves, sporis minutissimis trigonis linea tricruri notatis repletæ.—Frondes coriacee, plerumque foliosa, erecta, volubiles v. pendule. Capsule in spicam imbricatam disposite v. foliis axillares. A large genus, whose species are generally very widely diffused, several being found in most climates and latitudes. The genus has been monographed by M. Spring in the fifteenth and twenty-fourth volumes of the * Memoirs of the Brussels Academy. —Fronds erect from a creeping rhizome, climbing or pendulous, leafy. Leaves small, distichous, trifarious, quadrifarious, or imbricated. Capsules in sessile or peduncled, terete, angled, or square spikes, or sessile in the axils of the leaves, kidney-shaped, sessile, one-celled, bursting longitudinally all round, and full of minute trigonous spores, each marked with three diverging lines. (Name from Avxos, a wolf, and rovs, a foot; from some fancied resemblance.) $ a. SELAGO.— Leaves imbricated all round the stem. Capsules axillary in the upper leaves or in the bracts of terminal, sessile, quadrifarious spikes. 1. Lycopodium Selago (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1565); erectum v. basi decumbens, caulibus cæspitosis ra- mosis strictis brevibus subeylindraceis obtusis (nunc proliferis), foliis parvis arcte imbricatis erectis (rarius sguarroso-patentibus) subulato-lanceolatis acuminatis acutisve, capsulis axillaribus.—Zng. Bot. t. 233; Fl. Antarct. p. 394; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 52; Spring, Monog. p. 19. (TAB. CLXX. A.) Has. Mount Wellington, in bogs.— (v. v.) Disrris. Temperate and alpine regions in all parts of the world. (Native of Britain.) This is a very widely diffused plant, always growing in mooriands or open boggy grounds, often on mountains. —Stems stout, rigid, tufted, branched or simple, often decumbent at the base, erect, cylindrical, 4-8 inches high, blunt, J— inch diameter. Leaves closely imbricated up and round the whole stem, rarely spreading, broadly subu- late or lanceolate-subulate, acute or acuminate, 2 lines long. Capsules sessile amongst the upper leaves. —PLATE CLXX. 4. Fig. 1, leaf and capsule :—magnified. 2. Lycopodium varium (Br. Prodr. 164); caule robusto ramoso basi decumbente dein erecto folioso, foliis decurrentibus linearibus obtusis acutisve arcte imbricatis squarroso-patentibusve, spicis robustis cernuis simplicibus v. parce dichotome ramosis, squamis brevibus obtusis rariusve foliaceis.— Spring, Monog. p. 57, et pt. 2. p. 24; Fl. Antarct. p. 115; Fl. N. Zeal. ìi. 52; Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 112. (Gunn, 52, 1554.) (Tas. CLXX. B-F.) Has. Abundant on the ground and trunks of trees in the forests.—(v. v.) DismaRIB. New South Wales and Victoria, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, South Africa. A common plant, of which several varieties occur : of these, one with weaker stems passes into L. Billardieri, 156 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Lycopodiacee. Spring, of New Zealand, and another, with shorter, smaller, more subulate leaves, and axillary capsules, passes into L. Selago. In the ‘Flora Antarctica’ I have hazarded the opinion that this, and very many other species of the Selago group, are mere varieties of Z. Selago itself, strangely altered by locality and climate. In its ordinary state L. varium may be recognized by its stout, erect stem (6-18 inches high) and branches, patent or generally imbri- cated, decurrent, linear, coriaceous, blunt leaves, and stout, drooping, tetragonous spikes of capsules, with short, ovate, keeled, blunt, imbricating scales: these scales however often become foliaceous (in var. umbrosum, Br.), when the spicate character is lost. When the leaves become more subulate and smaller, the plant appears to pass into L. Selago. When it inhabits warmer latitudes it grows dependent from trees, is much branched, more slender and flaccid, and becomes Z. Billardieri. I cannot distinguish this species from the Z. gnidioides of South Africa and the Mauritius by any ee of importance.—PLATE CLXX. B-F. Forms of L. varium, showing the passage to L. Selago (Fig. A). : $ b. Leaves imbricated all round the stem. Spikes adal sessile. 3. Lycopodium densum (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. p. 104. t. 251. f. 1); caule erecto superne fasti- giatim ramosissimo, foliis sex-multifariam imbricatis erectis et appressis v. patulis et squarrosis subulato- lanceolatis integris longe acuminatis piliferisve, spicis terminalibus solitariis sessilibus ramulis latioribus oblongo-cylindraceis squarrosis, squamis scariosis triangulari-ovatis, sporis hispidis.— Br. Prodr. 165; Spring, Monog. p. 81; Fi. N. Zeal. i. 53. (Gunn, 49, 323, 1556.) Has. Abundant in heathy places, etc., throughout the Island.—(v. v.) DistriB. Victoria and New South Wales, New Zealand, Pacific Islands. A very handsome plant, which, though variable in foliage, cannot be confounded with any other.—S/ems pro- strate below, then tall, erect, rigid, woody, stiff, 1-3 feet high, copiously fastigiately branched; branches rarely spreading and lax, densely covered with sguarrose, spreading or closely imbricated, appressed, subulate, acuminate, rarely hair-pointed leaves: the character of the branches depends on the form and disposition of the leaves, which are sometimes short, erect, closely appressed, sexfariously imbricated, when the branches are slender; when the leaves are spreading and incurved, the branches appear stouter. Spikes cylindrical, 3-3 inch long, sessile, blunt, sguarrose from the spreading, scarious, yellow scales, which are peltate, triangular, serrulate or erose. The spores are hispid with short blunt projections. 4. Lycopodium laterale (Br. Prodr. 165); caulibus repentibus, ramis ascendentibus erectisve et elongatis foliosis simpiicibus v. divisis, foliis undique imbricatis sguarroso-patentibus incurvis anguste subu- latis integris, spicis brevibus lateralibus cylindraceis, squamis subquadrifariam imbricatis late triangulari- ovatis coriaceis.—Lab. Sert. Aust. Caled. p. 10. t. 15; Spring, Monog. p. 82; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 53. (Gunn, 57.) Var. Ø. diffusum; caulibus diffusis prostratis, ramis ascendentibus.—L. diffusum, Br. Prodr. 1. c. (Gunn, 1558.) Has. Var. a. Rocky Cape, Guan. Var. 8. Alpine bogs, common.— (v. v.) Disrris. Victoria, New South Wales, New Zealand, Pacific Islands. A variable plaut in habit.—Stems procumbent, sparingly branched below; ¿ranches slender, erect, simple or sparingly divided, 3 inches to a span tall, covered with patent, flexuous, squarrose, narrow subulate leaves, which are $ inch long. Spikes axillary, sessile, erect, } inch long. Scales quadrifarious, coriaceous, very broadly ovate or rounded, suddenly contracted to a rather long stiff point; margin scarious, white, very narrow.—In alpine places this plant becomes procumbent, shorter, stiffer, and with broader, shorter leaves; such specimens appear to me to be L. diffüsum, Br. $ c. Leaves imbricated all round the stem (sometimes obscurely secund or bifarious). Spikes peduncled. 5. Lycopodium Carolinianum (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1567) ; caule repente radicante, foliis ascendentibus Lycopodiacee. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 157 curvis lanceolato-subulatis, pedunculis lateralibus strictis erectis elongatis foliosis, spica elongata stricta solitaria, sguamis peltatis sub-6-fariam imbricatis erecto-patentibus e basi late ovata longe acuminatis mar- gine scariosis serrulatis integrisve.— Dill. Muse. t. 62. J. 6; Spring, Monog. p. 98; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 53. L. Drummondii, Spring, Monog. pt. 2. P. 95. L. serpentinum?, Kunze, im Plant. Preiss. ii. 108. (Gunn, 4.) Has. Boggy places; not uncommon.— (v. v.) Distris. Victoria, Swan River, New South Wales, New Zealand, South Africa, and many subtropical and temperate parts of the globe. Stems creeping, rooting, 3—5 inches long, covered with curved, ascending, lanceolate-subulate leaves, } inch long and upwards. Peduncle erect, stiff, 1-4 inches long, covered with small, erect, subulate leaves. Spike 1-2 inches long, erect, cylindrical. Scales peltate, arranged in about six rows, stiff, spreading, broadly ovate below, with long rigid points, and scarious, more or less toothed margins, being sometimes nearly entire.— The leaves appear to be bifarious in some specimens from South Africa and South America. 6. Lycopodium clavatum (L.), var. Magellanicum ; caule vage repente elongato, ramis erectis fastigiatim ramulosis, foliis lineari-subulatis squarroso-incurvis patentibusve integerrimis, pedunculis termi- nalibus solitariis geminisve strictis erectis sparse foliosis, spicis elongatis cylindraceis, squamis peltatis e basi trapezoidea subulato-acuminatis recurvis margine scariosis denticulatis, sporis granulatis.— Fl. Antaret. p. 113; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 54. L. Magellanicum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. 180; Spring, Monog. pt. 2. pp. 97, 16. L. fastigiatum, Br. Prodr. 165; Spring, Monog. pt. 1. p. 88, pt. 2. p. 41. L. Pichinchense, Hook. Te. Pl. t. 85. L. heterophyllum, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 113. L. diffusum, Spring, Monog., non Br. Prod». (Gunn, 48, 56, 1557.) Has. Moist boggy subalpine places; abundant.—(v. v.) DisrRrB. Victoria, New Zealand, and the Antarctic Islands, Cordillera of South America, and cooler regions of the Pacific Islands. In the * Flora Antarctica” I have discussed at some length the variations of L. clavatum, of which I believe this plant to be a southern state, distinguishable in most cases by the quite entire leaves, that have not a hair-like point. In the South Sea Islands and the Cordillera of South America it is found passing into the L. clavatum of the north-temperate hemisphere, a cosmopolitan plant.—Stems extensively creeping, stout, woody, sending up strict, erect, fastigiately branched or panicled branches, 3-12 inches high. eaves imbricated, spreading, incurved or ‘squarrose, linear-subulate, entire. Peduncles terminal, solitary or two together, strict, erect, more or less leafy, the leaves often whorled. Spikes 1-24 inches long, erect, cylindric. Scales peltate, trapezoid and toothed at the base, with long recurved points. Spores granulated on the surface.— Very stunted alpine specimens have procumbent branches and subsecund ascending leaves. I have seen specimens with short peduncles, approaching Z. densum in general appearance, but the form of the recurved scales of the spike distinguishes this at once. $ d. Leaves bifarious. 7. Lycopodium scariosum (Forst. Prodr. n. 48) ; caule basi repente vage ramoso, ramis subcompla- natis divaricatim ramulosis, foliis aliis majoribus bifariis decurrentibus integerrimis falcato-lanceolatis acutis coriaceis opacis marginibusve et apicibus scariosis aliis minoribus cauli appressis subulatis stipulæformibus, spicis terminalibus longe v. brevissime pedunculatis subsexfariam imbricatis pedunculo folioso, squamis e basi ovata acuminatis denticulatis erectis demum recurvis apicibus sæpe scariosis, sporis laxe reticulatim areolatis, areolis depressis.—P7. Antarct. p. 112; Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 966; Spring, Monog. p. 106; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 55. L. decurrens, Br. Prodr. p. 165. L. Jussieui, Desv. Encycl. Bot. ; Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 185; Spring, l.c. p. 108. L. Hænkii, Presl. (Gunn, 50.) VOL. II. : 9 s 158 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Marsileacee. Has. Common in boggy places on the mountains.—(». v.) DistriB. Alps of Victoria, New Zealand, Lord Auckland’s Group, etc.; alps of South America to Fuegia. Stems ereeping, stout, rooting, often 2 feet long, sending out flattened, flabellately-divided, compressed branches. Leaves of two kinds; the larger bifarious, decurrent, falcate, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, laterally flattened, very coriaceous; smaller on the under side of the branches only, more numerous, subulate, appressed to the stem. Spikes 1-23 inches long, cylindrical, solitary or geminate, on long or short terminal peduncles, which are often 8 inches long, and covered with imbricate, subulate leaves. Scales somewhat sexfariously disposed, ovate, with rather broad recurved points and toothed margins. Gen. IV. SELAGINELLA, Beauv. Capsule biformes, sessiles, uniloculares ; alise reniformes, rima longitudinali dehiscentes, bivalves, sporis minutissimis trigonis linea tricruri notatis replete; alice 2-3-lobse, 2—3-valves, corpusculis 1-6 farcte.— Yrondes herbacea, complanate, distiche v. bifariam ramose ; folia quadrifaria, lateralia patula verticalia, antica et postica sepe stipuleformia, cauli appressa ; spicis terminalibus, 4-fariis. l. Selaginella uliginosa (Spring, Monog. Lycop. ii. 60); caule erecto, ramis erecto-patentibus bifariis suboppositis, foliis parvis confertis 4-fariis uniformibus patentibus ovatis acuminatis integerrimis subcarinatis basi subtortis, amentis 4-angularibus sessilibus.— Lycopodium uliginosum, Lad. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. 104. £. 251. f. 2; Br. Prodr. 165; Gaud. in Freye. Voy. Bot. 284. (Gunn, 51, 1559.) Has. Probably common in marshy places: Hobarton, Georgetown, etc.— (v. v.) Distris. New South Wales and Victoria. 8. uliginosa is a small, distichously or bifariously branched, slender plant, 2-4 inches high, with small quadri- farious leaves, those on the upper and under face of the branches appressed, the lateral spreading, all ovate-acu- minate, quite entire. Spikes sessile at the apices of the branches, tetragonous.—A very large tropical genus of Lycopodiacee, of which no species has hitherto been found in New Zealand, and very few in Australia. Gen. V. ISOETES, Z. l. Isoetes, sp.? (Gunn, 1563.) Has. At the bottom of alpine lakes ; abundant. My specimens, being in an immature state and barren, are not capable of satisfactory determination. They may belong to Z. lacustris of Europe, a plant of wide distribution, but the leaves are more rigid, short, and blunt. —A perennial submerged plant, growing in dense tufts. Leaves narrow-linear or subulate, cellular, 2-6 inches long, enlarged at the base where the capsules are inserted. Capsules usually of two kinds, those of the outer leaves with large grains cohering originally in fours, those of the inner filled with very minute spores. Nar. Orb. III. MARSILEACEA, Br. Gen. I. AZOLLA, Lam. l. Azolla rubra (Br. Prodr. 167). (Gunn, 438.) Has. Floating on the surface of marshes and ponds: Circular Head, etc.— (v. v.) Disrris. A native of Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, South America, and probably many other parts of the world. A pretty, small water-plant, of a vinous-red or red-purple colour, subtriangular in outline, 1-2 inches long, Characee.| FLORA OF TASMANIA. 159 easily recognized by its floating habit, closely distichously-branched stem, and minute imbricating leaves. The fructification forms small globular masses on the under surface of the frond. Gen. II. PILULARIA, Z. 1. Pilularia globulifera (Linn. Sp. Pl.).—£ngl. Bot. t. 591. (Gunn, 1561.) Has. Marshy ground near Penquite, Gunn, and probably common elsewhere, but easily overlooked. Disrris. Swan River, Europe, North Africa. (A native of England.) Dr. Valentine, who has examined this plant in Tasmania, says that it might be distinguished from the European by the curved pedicels and pendulous capsules, but I find precisely similar states in English specimens. In Swan River specimens of P. globulifera the capsules are placed as in the European plant.—Rhizome slender, creeping, often submerged, rooting at the nodes. Leaves capillary, 2-4 inches high, bright-green. Capsules like pills, sessile or shortly peduncled, 2 lines in diameter, covered with hairs, four-celled, four-valved at the top, containing spores of two sorts, one large, the other very minute. Nat. Og». IV. CHARACEZ. The Characez are all fresh-water plants (very rarely inhabiting brackish water), often forming densely matted patches. They are leafless, with whorled branches, and minute axillary fructification. There are probably very many Tasmanian species, but they are difficult of investigation. The following enumeration of the known Tasmanian species is by Professor Alexander Braun, of Berlin, who is preparing a work on the Order; the descriptions of several have not, I believe, been published. In an able paper on the Aus- tralian and Antarctic Chare, by Professor A. Braun, of Berlin, in Hooker's ‘London Journal of Botany,' 1849, that learned author remarks that in Australia the greatest number of species are dicecious, whilst in Europe the contrary is the case; as also that all the true Chare of Australia belong to the division Haplo- stephanee, while in other parts of the world the division Diplostephanez prevails, which latter seems to be entirely absent in Australia. Gen. I. CHARA, Z. 1. Chara gymnopitys (A. Braun). Has. Derwent River, rivulets at Launceston, etc. (Gunn, 1573, 1568, 1568?) 2. Chara myriophylla (F. Mueller). Has. Ponds at Georgetown; shallow muddy water, Lake St. Clair. (Guan, 1568, 1572.) 3. Chara australis (Br. Prodr. 346).— Braun, in Linnea, xvii. 117; Plant. Preiss. i. 148; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 201. Has. South Esk River, near Launceston. (Gunn, 1565, 1000.) Disteıs. Swan River, Victoria, New South Wales, New Zealand. 4. Chara leptopitys (A. Braun). Has. Mixed with Zriglochin; Georgetown, near the sea, in places dry in summer. (Gunn, 1568, 1569.) b. Chara Hookeri (A. Braun, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 202).—(F. microphylla, F. Muel/.) Has. South Esk River, near Perth. (Gunn, 1001.) 6. Chara mollusca (A. Braun). Has. Lake St. Clair; abundant. (Gunn, 1570, 1571.) 160 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. 7. Chara fragilis (Desv.). Has. Derwent River, at Glen Leith. (Gunn, 1576.) DrsrarB. Common in Europe and other parts of the world. 8. Chara macropogon (A. Braun, in Linnea, xvii. 116).—P/ant. Preiss. à. 147 ; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 200. Has. Brackish water at Georgetown, with Ruppia. (Gunn, 1568**.) DisrarB. Swan River. Gen. II. NITELLA, Ag. l. Nitella gleeostachys (A. Braun, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 196). Has. South Esk River. (Gunn, 1566.) DisrarB. Swan River. 2. Nitella Hookeri (A. Braun, l. c. 199).— 77. N. Zeal. ii. 56. Chara australis, Tay/. in Herb. Hook. etc. Has. Yorktown, Lake St. Clair (with C. mollusca). (Gunn, 1571, 1567.) Disrris. New Zealand, Kerguelen's Land. 9. Nitella penicillata (A. Braun, l.c.). Has. Tasmania. (Gunn, 1002.) 4. Nitella diffusa (A. Braun). Has. Distillery Creek, Launceston; rivulet near Penquite. (Gunn, 1574.) 5. Nitella gelatinosa (A. Braun, l.c.). Has. Rivulets near Launceston, St. Patrick’s River, etc. (Gunn, 1566*, 1557, 1566?) DisrarB. Swan River. 6. Nitella Gunnii (A. Braun). Has. South Esk River. (Guan, 1570*, 1571*, 1575.) Nar. Orv. V. MUSCI, Juss. By W. Wilson, Esq. Of the Tasmanian Mosses (about 250) here described, the majority (180) were collected by Mr. Gunn and myself, and have been elaborated by Mr. W. Wilson; the remainder consists of additions to the Tasmanian Flora, chiefly made by my friend W. Archer, Esq., F.L.S., of Cheshunt, and which have been examined and described by Mr. W. Mitten. Mr. Mitten has indeed prepared a paper on Mr. Archer's Mosses, which will be presented to the Linneean Society of London; and I have to acknowledge my great obligations to him for allowing me to insert his descriptions of the new species here, as well as for some valuable notes on Gunn’s Mosses and my own; these I have appended to Mr. Wilson's descriptions as this work was passing through the press. There are no doubt very many fine Mosses to be discovered in Tasmania, especially on the lofty moun- tains, and on the damp western and southern coasts. A large proportion will probably prove identical with New Zealand species, and with those of Fuegia and the Antarctic Islands. In the New Zealand Flora upwards of 250 species of Mosses are described by Mr. Wilson, and many have been discovered since especially by Mr. Knight, raising the number known to upwards of 300.—J. D. H. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 161 SUBORDER 1. ANDRAACEZ. Gen. I. ANDREZA, Ehrh. Theca in receptaculo exserto sessilis, fere ad basin valvulis quatuor dehiscens; valvulis apice operculo persistente connexis. Calyptra mitreformis. 1. Andrezea petrophila (Ehrh. Beiträge, i. 192) ; foliis e basi subvaginante patentibus ovato-acu- minatis acutiusculis apice subobliguis dorso papillosis enervibus siccitate appressis.—Bruch et Schimper, Bryol. Eur. t. 623. A. rupestris, Hedw. Sp. M. t. 1. f. 2, descriptio ex parte, excl. syn.; Hook. et Tayl. Muse. Brit. ii. t. 8; Fl. Antarct. p. 396; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 57. Has. On rocks, elev. 1500-3000 feet; Lake Echo, J. D. H.; the Falls, Cheshunt, Archer. (Gunn, 1702.) DirsrarB. Europe, and all other temperate parts of the world. 2. Andreza montana (Mitten); “ A. alpine simillima, foliis parte superiore sensim acutis vix acu- minatis margine integerrimo, margine partis inferioris minute crenulato, cellulis basi oblongis elongatisque parallelogrammaticis cite in minutas longitudine 5 latitudine +5 uncie metientes transeuntibus."— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 1.) Has. On rocks: rivulet near Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. “ Closely resembling 4. alpina in size, habit, colour of its leaves, and general appearance, but the outline of its leaves, when compressed, is ovate, slightly acuminate, the cells at the base distinctly parallelogrammatic, and those of the upper portion larger. .4. acutifolia has much narrower leaves.” Mitten, l. c.—P LATE CLXXI. Fig. 1; 1-3, leaves :—all magnified. 3. Andrezea acuminata (Mitten) ; “A. acutifolie simillima, foliis e basi erecta caulem amplectente patulis apicibus incurvis explanatis ovato-lanceolatis margine partis erect: minute crenulato dorso apicem versus inconspicue papillosis, cellulis ex apice ad mediam minutis quadrato-rotundatis diametro circiter roe uncie metientibus deinde in oblongas subparallelogrammaticas parietes latitudine superantes inferne in longioribus angustis fuscidulis parietibus crassioribus transeuntibus, pericheetialibus ovalibus tenuiter acu- minatis convolutis."— Mitten, l.c. (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 2.) Has. On rocks: Cheshunt, Archer. “ Very nearly allied to 4. acutifolia, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 118, but with leaves a little wider, and cells in the upper portion smaller and more numerous, all with much narrower walls, those just below the middle of the leaf with walls narrower than their own width and pellucid. From 4. petrophila it recedes in the form of its leaves, as well as in their cellular structure already described.” Mitten, l.c.—Pıare CLXXI. Fig. 2; 1, peri- cheetium and capsule; 2, leaves :—both magnified. 4. Andreza nitida (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caulibus suberectis laxe caspitosis parce ramosis, foliis erecto-patentibus ovato-oblongis obtuse apiculatis concavis enerviis nitidis marginibus reflexis, pericheetiali- bus paulo longioribus erectis.—Z7. Antarct. i. p. 118. t. 57. f. 3; Mitten, l.c. Haz. On stones: rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Disrris. Lord Auckland's Islands. 5. Andreza subulata (Harvey) ; caule subramoso, foliis falcato-secundis subulatis attenuatis basi dilatatis crassinerviis, perichetialibus convolutis.—A. subulata, Harvey, in Hook. Ic. Plant. ui. t. 201; Fl. Antarct. i. 119; Mitten, l.e. | ] Haz. On rocks: Jackey's Plain Creek, and rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Disrnrs. Cape of Good Hope, Lord Auckland's Group, and Campbell's Island. VOL. II, 27 162 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. SUBORDER 2. SPHAGNACEE. Gen. II. SPHAGNUM, I. Theca globosa, in receptaculo exserto sessilis, stomate nudo exannulato. Calyptra medio rupta, basi persistente. Pructificatio axillaris. 1. Sphagnum cymbifolium (Dillen. Hist. Muse. t. 32. f. 1); caule robusto elongato, ramis con- fertis brevibus tumidis, foliis rotundo-ovatis concavis obtusis apice dorso muricatis, utriculis (cellulis ramu- lorum externis) spiraliter striatis.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. Sphagnum obtusifolium, Hook. et Tayl. ex parte, var. condensatum. (Gunn, 1.) Has. Western Mountains, elev. 3000 feet, in bogs, Gunn, 1578; swamp, New Norfolk, Oldfield, 62, J. D. H.; Cheshunt, Archer. DisrRrB. Europe, and all parts of the world. 2. Sphagnum compactum (Brid. Sp. Muse. i. 18, et Bryol. Univ. i. 16); caule robusto, ramis dense approximatis patentibus crassis strictis, foliis rameis imbricatis ovato-oblongis concavis apice subin- flexis truncatis denticulatis.—Nees e? Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. t. 2. f. 5 Var. y. ovatum ; foliis brevioribus ovatis subacutis. Has. In bogs: Huon River, Oldfield, 61. DisrarB. Campbell's Island, New Zealand. The ordinary form of the species frequent in Europe and in North America. The var. y much resembles S. cymbifolium, but the leaves are not muricate at the dorsal apex, and the utricles -of the branches are destitute of spiral strie. Foliage of a pale fawn-colour. 3. Sphagnum australe (Mitten, in Linn. Journ. ined.); “8. cymbifolio simile, caule e seriebus circiter quinque cellularum corticato, foliis brevi-oblongis obtusis margine apicis incurvo erosulo basi calca- ratis immarginatis spatiis intercellularibus inanibus, ramulis copiosis patenti-recurvis, cortice cellulis inani- bus foliis imbricatis ovatis apice latiusculis obtusis margine ex una serie cellularum angustissimarum apicem versus remote minuteque serrulato spatiis latis longitudine, in folii medio, latitudinem quadruplo superanti- bus fibris spiris approximatis repletis poris parvis singulis quinisve, ramulis pendulis foliis appressis ovato- lanceolatis obtusis spatiis majoribus poris circiter guinis.”—S. compactum, var. ovatum, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 122. Has. Huon River, Oldfield. DisrRrB. Campbell’s Island. “ Very similar to 8. cymbifolium and to S. Antarcticum, but in structure allied only to the latter, from which it recedes in the form of its branch-leaves. 8. compactum is immediately distinguished from these species by its cortex being composed of a single series of cells.” —Mitten, 1. c. 4. Sphagnum contortum (Schultz, Suppl. Fl. Starg. 64); caule elongato rigidiusculo, foliis ovato- lanceolatis imbricatis acutis concavis subcoriaceis. (Oldfield, 29.) Var. 2. /azum ; ramulis distantibus attenuatis patulis. (Gunn, 41.) Var. 3. scorpioides ; ramis dense confertis singulis binisve brevibus patentibus sursum curvatis, foliis elongatis apice preemorsis, rameis erectis subsecundis. (Gunn, 2 Var. 4. intermedium ; caule humili, ramulis dense confertis attenuatis, foliis laxer eticulatis. ( Gunn, 3.) Has. In bogs. Vars. 1 and 3. Mount Wellington, and the others common. Disrris. Europe. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 163 Var. 4, from the lax texture of the foliage, resembles $. acutifolium, but the stem has a single layer of cortical cellules as usual. Var. 3 has a singular aspect, and may perhaps be a distinct species, with purplish foliage. 5. Sphagnum molliculum (Mitten, in Linn. Soc. Journ. ined.); “8. plumoso simile, caule cortice ex strato unico cellularum formato, foliis subelliptico-ovalibus basi brevissime calcaratis apice rotundatis subtruncatis minute denticulatis spatiis intercellularibus ut plurimum repletis margine e serie triplici cellu- larum angustissimarum composito, ramulis flaccidis cortice cellulis inanibus foliis ovatis acuminatis mar- ginibus superne incurvis apice cucullato-concavis rotundatis argute denticulatis marginibus ut in caulinis spatiis angustis elongatis spiris repletis poris nullis ?” Has. Cheshunt, Archer. * Habit intermediate between S. acutifolium and S. plumosum, but approaching more nearly to the latter.” — Mitten, 1. c. 6. Sphagnum cymbifolioides (C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 546); “caulis procerus flaccidus, ramis subremotis breviusculis cuspidatis curvatis patentibus vel recurvatis, comalibus erectis brevioribus densiusculis obtuse cuspidatis; folia caulina e basi latissima plana ovalia, apice involutaceo obtuso brevi, haud truncata, e cellulis breviusculis basi laxioribus longioribus, ductibus subheteromorphis preditis, ubique fere repletis reticulata, immarginata, e ceteris rameis similia; ramea ovalia apice haud involuta, erecto-appressa nec faleata nec secunda, summo apice truncato dentibus circiter octo coronato, tenuiter marginata, e cellulis teneris amplis flexuosis valde repletis constructa; cellule ramorum inanes."— Mitten, l. c. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. “ The description above quoted, according to Mossman’s specimens, is incorrect, for the cauline leaves have a margin of three rows of narrow cells. In this species the cortical cells are in a single stratum, and the leaves of the ramuli have the intercellular spaces with a pore between every turn of the spiral fibre.” —Mitten, 1. c. 7. Sphagnum confertum (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “habitu 8. compacti, ramulis dense confertis breviusculis, caule cortice e serie cellularum triplici formato serie externa fibris repleto, foliis oblongis apice rotundatis suberosulis spatiis intercellularibus superioribus fibris repletis inferioribus inani- bus margine nullo, ramulis cortice cellulis inanibus foliis ovatis concavis obtusis apice truncatis denticulatis margine serie unica cellularum angustissimarum superne minutissime serrulato spatiis latiusculis fibris spiris approximatis repletis poris singulis.” Has. Rivulet near Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. * Appearance and habit similar to 9. subsecundum, but the cortical cells disposed in a triple series.” — Mitten, l.c. . SUBORDER 3. BRYACEZ. Section 1. AcRocarpı.— Fruit terminal. Tribe I. PHASCEZ. Gen. III. PHASCUM, Z. Subgenus 1. EPHEMERUM.— Plante humillime ; foliis ovali-lanceolatis, plerumque profunde dentatis; areolatione laza. Capsula immersa. Calyptra campanulata. l. Phascum (Ephemerum) cristatum (Hook. et Wils.; Icon. Plant. Rar. t. 737 A); monoicum, exiguum, basi filis protothalli instructum ; folia spathulato-lanceolata acuminata inciso-dentata, laciniis den- 164 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. tato-ciliatis, dorso ciliato-cristata ; theca immersa subsessilis ovali-globosa acutiuscula ` calyptra campanu- lata rufo-fusca.— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. Swan River. Subgenus 2. Asromum.—Plante elatiores, cespitose. Folia siccitate crispata ; areolatione e cellulis rotundatis, parvis. Capsula pedunculata. Calyptra dimidiata. 2. Phascum (Astomum) cylindricum (Taylor, in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 42).—Mitten, l. c. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. à Disrris. Swan River. Capsula elliptica, subrotunda, apiculata (operculo persistente), brevi-pedicellata. Calyptra cucullata vel conico- campanulata. Plorescentia monoica. Subgenus 3. AcauLon (Bryol. Europzea).—Gemmaforme, perpusillum, annuum. Capsula globosa, immersa. Calyptra minima, capsule vertice insidente. 3. Phascum (Acaulon) apiculatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 59. t. 83. f. 1) ; foliis in bulbillo arcte conniventibus obovato-subrotundis acuminulatis concavis integerrimis nervo valido excurrente apiculatis. Var. turgidum ; foliis internis turgide concavis longioribus.— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Subgenus 4. PLEURIDIUM.—Caules tenelli, filiformes, innovationibus annuis continuati (perennes), subramosi. Cap- sula brevi-pedicellata, erecta, ovata, brevi-apiculata, terminalis vel per innovationes lateralis. Calyptra plerum- que cucullata. Vaginula oblongo-cylindrica.—El. N. Zeal. p. 58. 4. Phascum (Pleuridium) gracilentum (Mitten) ; “monoicum, habitu P. alternifolii, gracile, foliis inferioribus e basi ovali subulato-lanceolato-acuminatis nervo subulam superiorem totam occupante margine ad basin partis subulati indistincte crenulato vel levi cellulis inferioribus oblongis parallelogrammaticis superioribus minoribus, perichetialibus thecam non tegentibus patulis anguste ellipticis subulato longe attenuatis canaliculatis apice parce denticulatis integerrimisve laxe areolatis, theca in pedunculo brevi sub- globoso leptoderma operculo brevissimo, calyptra cucullata ad thece mediam descendente.”— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. med. (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 3.) Has. West side of Tower Hill, Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. King George's Sound, New Holland (Menzies). “Excepting that the perichztial leaves are less straight and bristly, in general appearance scarcely different from P. alternifolium, but its leaves are of a different form.” Mitten, l.e.—Pıare CLXXI. Fig. 3; 1, fruiting specimen; 2, cauline, and 3, pericheetial leaves; 4, male flower; 5, operculum :—all magnified, 5. Phascum (Pleuridium) tenellum (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); “ monoicum, habitu staturaque P. nitidi, flore masculo gemmeformi minuto in foliorum caulinorum axillis cellulis foliorum paululum brevioribus firmioribusque.” Has. Cheshunt, Archer. “When dry, firmer than P. nitidum, with which it corresponds very closely, excepting in the male inflorescence, which has been observed on a single individual only. The substance of the leaves is firmer, and the whole plant pale-brown. It appears to be distinct, but requires further examination in living specimens."— Mitten, 1. c. Musei, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 165 Gen. IV. BRUCHIA, Serwagr. Capsula clausa, apophysi instructa. Flores masculi terminales, gemmeeformes. Calyptra subulato- campanulata, basi multifida.—Schwegr. Suppl. ii. p. 91. $ 1. SPORLEDERA (Hampe).—Subacaules ; theca subegualig vel pyriformis. l. Bruchia minuta (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); monoica, perpusilla, brevicaulis, foliis patentibus lanceolatis angustatis nervo percurrente, margine superne serrulato, cellulis laxiusculis, theca suborbiculari-ovata acuta collo sensim attenuato sessili erecta, calyptra apice rugulosa (heen tertiam partem obtegente, flore masculo gemmeformi.” (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 4.) Has. Sides of ditches: Cheshunt, Archer. “ Plants very minute, brownish, considerably smaller than B. brevipes.— Leaves, when dry, appressed. In ap- pearance it resembles the smallest states of Pleuridium nitidum." Mitten, l.e.—Pıare CLXXI. Fig. 1, fruiting specimen ; 2, leaf:—doth magnified. Tribe II. Werssiz. Gen. V. GYMNOSTOMUM, Hedw. (in parte). Peristomium nullum. Capsula erecta, ovalis, oblonga vel subrotunda, squalis. Annulus obscurus, persistens. — Operculum oblique rostratum. . Calyptra cucullata.—Caules perennes. Florescentia monoica dioicave ; fl. mas. gemmaformis. 1. Gymnostomum calcareum (Nees et Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. i. 153. t. 10); compacte cespitu- losum, caule ramoso tenerrimo, foliis patulis lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis margine planis, capsula ovali- oblonga brevicolla erythrostoma, operculo subulato-conico.— Bryo/. Europ. t. 32. Has. North-west Bay, on rocks. (Oldfield, 313.) DisrarB. New Zealand, Europe. 2. Gymnostomum bicolor ? (Br. et Sch. Bryol. Europ. t. 29). Has. On the ground, amongst Lichens and other Mosses. (Oldfield, with 327.) Barren specimens.—Stems loosely tufted, slender. Leaves distant, widely spreading, recurved, of firmer tex- ture and more opaque than in G. calcareum, loosely twisted when dry, at first yellowish, brownish when old, linear, obtusely apiculate, papillose at the back, slightly denticulate at the apex; nerve pellucid; areola roundish, minute. Gen. VI. WEISSIA, Hedwig. Peristomium simplex ; dentes sedecim, «equidistantes, basi liberi, lanceolati v. lineari-lanceolati, trans- verse trabeculati, dorso convexi, integri vel pertusi, interdum apice bifidi, siccitate erecti vel patentes. Capsula erecta, ovali-oblonga. Annulus persistens, vel nullus. Opereulum oblique rostratum.—Caules perennes. Florescentia monoica dioicave; fl. mas. gemmaformis. 1. Weissia flavipes (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 59. t. 83. £. 2); monoica, cæspitosa, foliis erecto-patentibus siccitate intortis lineari-lanceolatis angustatis margine incurviusculis subplanis costa per- currente mucronulatis, seta elongata luteola, capsula subeylindrica erecta erythrostoma, peristomii dentibus perforatis, operculo tenuirostri. i Has. Gullies Road, Brown’s River, and Deep Gully, on Mount Wellington, Oldfield, 265. (Gunn, 1617.) South Port, Stuart. VOL. II. Eu 166 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. DistriB. New Zealand. Closely allied to W. controversa (Hedw.), distinguished by its pale-yellow fruit-stalks.—Zeaves longer and narrower, the margins nearly plane. Teeth of the peristome perforated. Annulus none. 2. Weissia controversa (Hedw.) ; cespitosa, foliis lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve margine incurvis et involutis costa percursa mucronatis, capsula ovali siccitate substriata, operculo conico-rostellato, peri- stomii dentibus subintegris lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis.— Z7edw. Muse. Frond.; Schwagr.; Hook. et Tayl.; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. W. viridula, Brid. Bryol. Europ. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. All parts of the world. 3. Weissia microcarpa (Hook. fil. et Wils.); monoica, ceespitosa, foliis erecto-patentibus subin- curvis siccitate crispulis lineari-lanceolatis carinato-concavis margine subreflexis, pericheetialibus subvaginan- tibus caulinis similibus, seta longiuscula gracili flavescente, capsula minuta ovali erecta, operculo longirostri, peristomii dentibus brevibus apice subbifidis.—Holomitrium cirrhatum, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 5.) Has. On rocks and stones: Glen Leith, and on Mount Nelson, J. D. H. ; Cheshunt, Archer. Closely allied to W. cirrhata (Hedw.).— Capsule much smaller, oval, scarcely contracted at the mouth, reddish- brown. Teeth of the peristome shorter, slightly bifid, bright-red, not trabeculate at the back. Operculum with a reddish border. Seta longer and more slender. eaves yellowish, longer and more acute, less reflexed in the mar- gin, less crisped when dry; areole at the base smaller, not pellucid. Perichetial leaves longer and less sheathing. —PLaATE CLXXI. Fig. 5; 1, fruiting specimen; 2, leaf; 3 and 4, capsule; 5, calyptra; 6, teeth :—all magnified. Gen. VII. SYMBLEPHARIS, Montagne. Peristomium simplex; dentes 8, breves, bigeminati (vel 32, quaternatim approximati), erecti, siccitate in conum conniventes. Capsula subcylindrica, erecta, microstoma, Calyptra cylindrico-subulata, elongata, dimidiata. Perichetii folia longissima, vaginantia.—Holomitrium, Bridel. Sprucea, Hook. fil. et Wils. in Fl. Antarct. . 1. Symblepharis perichætialis (W: ils.) ; caule erecto ramoso, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus siccitate crispis e basi lanceolata subulato-attenuatis integerrimis canaliculatis margine planis nervo con- tinuo, perichetialibus longissimis, capsula oblonga, operculo conico-subulato recto.— F7. N, Zeal. p. 60. Trichostomum perichetiale, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 13. Holomitrium perichetiale, Bridel, Has. Tasmania. (Gunn, 18.) DisrarB. Mauritius, Campbell’s Island, New Zealand. Tribe III. | FIssIDENTEZ. Gen. VIII. FISSIDENS, Hedw. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 16, eequidistantes, longiusculi, linea media percursa, in crura duo raro tria ineequalia subulata fissi, crebre articulati, hygroscopici, siccitate geniculati incurvi. Calyptra cuculli- formis, raro conico-mitreeformis. Fruetificatio in caule primario vel in ramis brevibus secundariis termi- nalis.—Folia disticha, equitantia, alternantia, dorso in alam et apice in laminam verticalem scalpelliformem producta, compresso-canaliculata, semiamplexicaulia. Distinguished from Dicranum by the distichous, equitant, vertical leaves. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 167 § a. Folia marginata. 1. Fissidens incurvus (Schwegr. Suppl. i. 2. p. 5. t. 49); caule simplici decumbente, foliis lan- ceolatis marginatis lamina dorsali supra basin discontinuata nervo subcontinuo, capsula cernua incurva, operculo conico-acuminato, fl. masc. terminali vel basilari gemmeformi.—Br. et Sch. Bryol. Europ. ex parte. Var. 1; folii laminis dorsalibus verticalibusque vix marginatis. Var. 2; foliis cuspidatis rigidulis flexuosis lutescentibus, seta pallida. Has. Var. 1. St. Patrick's River; on the ground, in shady forests. (Gunn, 1622.) (Oldfield, 333.) Var. 2. By the sea-side, South Port. (Gunn, 15.) Disrris. Europe, America. 2. Fissidens vittatus (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caule subramoso, foliis incurvis secundisve ovato-ligu- latis marginatis siccitate crispatis involutis basi undulatis infra marginem vittatis, seta terminali, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico-rostellato. (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 6.) Has. Circular Head, on the ground. (Gunn, 1697.) Disrris. Swan River, South-eastern Australia. Stem about 2 lines in height. Leaves apiculate, bent to one side, carinate on the back, nerve strong and pro- minent, the vittze at the base of the leaf forming a cartilaginous margin in the upper part; male flower not found (dioicous ?).—Closely allied to F. limbatus (Sullivant, in Lieutenant Whipple's Expedition). —Prarte CLXXI. Fig. 6; 1, fruiting specimen; 2, leaf; 3, section of ditto; 4, capsule :—all magnified. 3. Fissidens rigidulus (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 61. t. 83. f. 3); dioicus?, caule gracili elongato ramoso polyphyllo, foliis rigidulis siccitate suberispis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis (lamina verti- cali brevi) margine valde incrassatis, nervo valido pellucido continuo, capsula terminali ovali suberecta, operculo rostellato, fl. masc. terminali. Has. Circular Head; on stones in running water, Mount Wellington; Tent rivulet, Cheshunt, and on rocks, Stackhouse Falls, Archer. (Gunn, 1699.) (Oldfield, 250.) DisrRiB. New Zealand. 4. Fissidens brevifolius (Hook. fil. e& Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 61. t. 83. f. 4); caule longiusculo, ramis fructiferis basilaribus brevioribus, foliis caulinis confertis ovatis brevissimis cymbiformibus basi vagi- nante tantum marginatis, rameis dissitis longius acuminatis, lamina dorsali discontinua, capsula süberecta. Var. B. floribundus; foliis longioribus siccitate crispulis, floribus fem. et masc. numerosis axillaribus. Haz. Shady banks by the Derwent, New Norfolk. (Oldfield, 218.) DisrarB. New Zealand, South Africa, South America. 5. Fissidens Taylori (C. Mueller) ; monoicus, humillimus, simplex, laxe aggregatus ; caulibus ste- rilibus flexuosis, foliis 7-8-jugis infra laxis superne confertis erecto-patentibus oblongis obtusissimis nervo apiculatis; lamina dorsali supra basin desinente; planta fertili foliis 2-3-jugis erectis adpressis amplec- tantibus acuminatis; seta subflexuosa; theca ovali, inclinata, operculo rostrato breviore.— C. Mueller, Synops. Muse. Frond. i. 65; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. F. pygmeus, Taylor, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 66. Has. On the earth, in copses, forests, etc.: Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. Australia. $ b. Folia immarginata. 6. Fissidens strictus (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; monoicus, caule longiusculo gracili subramoso, ramis 168 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. fructiferis axillaribus polyphyllis, foliis strictis rigidiusculis carnosis confertis suberectis lineari-lanceolatis acutiusculis integerrimis subevanidinerviis, seta brevi crassa, capsula turbinata parva suberecta pachyderma, operculo rostrato capsulee eeguali, calyptra parva mitreeformi. (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 7.) Has. Yorktown rivulet. (Gunn, 1610.) On a charred log, under water, in the river Derwent. (Oldfield, 37.) Stem 3 inch in height. Fertile ramuli not 2 lines in length. Seta 1-2 lin. Capsule very small, roundish or turbinate. Peristome red. Male flowers terminal on axillary ramuli.—In habit like F. grandifrons (Bridel), but not half the size. Leaves of thinner texture, with larger areolee and more evident nerve, which is reddish in the older leaves. Colour of the foliage lurid in age, at first pale-green.—PrATE CLXXI. Fig. 7; 1, fruiting specimen; 2 and 3, leaves; 4, section of ditto; 5, capsule; 6, calyptra :—all magnified. 7. Fissidens tenellus (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 62. t. 83. f. 6) ; caule pusillo decumbente 6-8-phyllo, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis crenulatis basi vaginante denticulatis nervo valido concolore sub- excurrente, capsula erecta, operculo longirostri, calyptra papillosa mitreeformi, fl. masc. basilari gemmeeformi. Has. On the ground. (Gunn, 17 6.) (Oldfield.) Sandstone Hill, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. 8. Fissidens oblongifolius (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 62. t. 83. f. 8); monoicus, fronde lineari-elongata polyphylla, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus elongatis anguste ligulatis obtusiusculis inte- gris siccitate subinflexis, seta gracili, capsula minuta ovali inclinata, fl. masc. axillari. Has. North-west Bay, on rocks. (Oldfield, 313 d.) Cataract Hill, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. 9. Fissidens integerrimus (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); “dioicus?, caule humili cæspi- toso ramoso, foliis pluri-jugis in frondem linearem approximatis patentibus lineari-lanceolatis apice obtusi- usculis, nervo concolori sub apice evanido lamina vera ad mediam producta ineequali uno latere rotundata, dorsali basi sensim angustata omnibus lam. immarginatis integerrimis cellulis diametro circiter ro uncle metientibus limitibus crassiusculis, pericheetialibus conformibus, theca in peduneulo breve apicali crassius- culo suberecta breve ovali, operculo subulato breviore." (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 8.) Has. Cheshunt, Archer. “Half an inch high. Seta scarcely 2 lines long.—In general appearance nearly allied to F. oblongifolius, but its leaves are entire, the cells smaller, with thicker walls. Male flowers absent. In the few specimens yet seen the plants are, above, brownish-yellow; below, black.” Mitten, l.c.—PraTE CLXXI. Fig. 8; 1, part of stem and leaves; 2, capsule :—both magnified. 10. Fissidens pallidus (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 62. t. 83. f. 7) ; dioicus, fronde flabel- liformi breviuscula decumbente, foliis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis confertis acutis integerrimis siccitate inflexis, capsula cernua, operculo longirostri. Has. On the ground. (Specimen barren and scanty.) (Gunn.) DisrRiB. New Zealand. 11. Fissidens adiantoides ? (Dill. Hist. Musc. 264. t. 34. f. 3). Var. caule gracili polyphyllo, foliis confertis brevioribus (oblongo-ovatis) siccitate incurvis. Has. On the ground? (Gunn, 45.) (Specimen barren and scanty.) Small island at the foot of Top Paddock, Woolmers, Archer. DisrnrB. Europe, America. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 169 Tribe IV. LEUCOBRYACEZE,. Gen. IX. LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, bicrures, transverse articulati, intus trabeculati, extus strigillosi. Capsula cernua, ovalis, gibba, collo strumoso, operculo longirostri, coriacea, 8-striata, sicca sulcata, exannulata. Calyptra inflato-cuculliformis, longirostris.—Folia Zanceolato-subulata, convolutaceo- concava, spongiosa, e cellularum stratis 2 vel pluribus conflata (cellulis quadrato-hexagonis porosis), enervia, glauca vel albida. j l. Leucobryum candidum (Dicranum, Schwægr. Suppl. t. 187 8); caule ramoso dichotomo fra- gili, foliis confertis erectis secundis subfalcatis ovato-lanceolatis concavis dorso tuberculatis corrugatis, ramulis fructiferis axillaribus numerosis brevissimis, capsula cernua strumosa sulcata.—F7. N. Zeal. p. 64. Has. On decayed wood at the roots of trees, in swamps, etc.: Huon River; Brown’s River. (Oldfield, 108, 329.) (J. D. H.) Cheshunt, Archer. DisrarB. New Zealand, Australia. Tribe V. DICRANACEA. Gen. X. DICRANUM, Hedo. (in parte). Peristomium simplex ; dentes 16, basi confluentes, sicci et humidi arcuato-conniventes, lanceolati, ad medium et ultra in crura duo subulata inegualia divisi, intus trabeculati. Capsula plerumque cernua, oblonga, ineegualis. Opereulum longirostre, rostro obliquo. Calyptra cucullata.—Folia e cellularum strato unico conflata, nervata. Caules cespitosi, perennes. l. Dicranum Sieberianum (Hornsch. Musc. Sieb. Nov. Holl. n. 16); caule ramoso fastigiato, foliis falcatis convoluto-canaliculatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis superioribus piliferis tenuissime pellucido- marginatis dorso papillosis, pericheetialibus vaginatis piliferis, capsula longe pedunculata ovali cernua parva, operculo longirostri.—Sehwegr. Suppl. t. 252. Leucodon pallidus, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 172. Has. Specimen barren and scanty, growing with D. pungens.—(Gunn.) Disrris. Australia, New Zealand. 2. Dicranum dicarpon (Hornsch. Musc. Sieb. Nov. Holl. n. 10); caule robusto dense radiculoso- tomentoso, foliis patulis squarrosis subsecundis ex basi ovato-lanceolato subulatis cuspidatis flexuosis striatis solidinerviis strigosis margine dorsogue spinuloso-serratis, setis brevibus geminatis longe vaginatis, capsulis - curvatis cernuis, operculo longirostri.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 251. D. leucolomoides, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 549, fide Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Var. B. spinosum ; caule elatiore, setis numerosis longioribus. Haz. In dense moist woods: Back River Gully, New Norfolk, Oldfield, 36 (J. D. H.) (Gunn, zo Cheshunt and elsewhere, frequent, Archer; Wellington Falls, Mount Wellington, Mossman. DisrRrB. Australia, New Zealand. 3. Dicranum Billardieri (Dridel, Br. Un. i. 401) ; caule elato, foliis faleato-secundis ovato-lanceo- latis acuminatis concavis membranaceis tenuinerviis estriatis apice serrulatis, seta longiore, capsula subcylin- drica curvata basi strumifera, operculo longirostri.—Sehwagr. Suppl. t. 121; Fl. Antarct. 129, 407. Has. Common at the roots of trees: summit of Mount Wellington, Brown's River Gully. (Guan, 1581, 11 5; Stuart; J. D. H.; Oldfield, 110, 112, 113, 200.) Disrris. Lord Auckland's Island, Fuegia, New Zealand, Australia. VOL. II. 170 - _ FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. 4. Dicranum angustinerve (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ dioicum, D. Billardieri simile, caulibus brevibus ramosis, foliis patentibus subsecundis e basi subovali elongata sensim angustatis nervo angusto percurrente dorso marginibusque apicem versus serrulatis cellulis elongatis angustis alaribus oblongis quadratisque flavide fuscis in massam quadratam utrinque dispositis, pericheetialibus convolutis internis vaginantibus subito in acuminem brevem setiformem angustatis, theca in pedunculo breviusculo semiunciali arcuata inclinata basi strumosa, peristomii dentibus rubris dicranis.” (Tas. CLXXI. Fig. 9.) Has. On dead wood: Cheshunt, Archer. Gathered also by Mr. Gunn, and communicated amongst some other Tasmanian Mosses by Mr. J. Nowell. “ Nearly allied to D. Billardieri, but with somewhat the aspect of D. reflexum, C. Mueller. It differs from D. Billardieri in the form of the wider portion of its leaves being more elongate, and the narrow upper part being shorter. The internal perichztial leaves are also furnished with a bristle-like point, which seems wanting in D. Billardieri.” Mitten, l.c.—PrATE CLXXI. Fig. 9; 1, cauline leaf; 2, perichzetium ; 3, capsule; 4, teeth :— all magnified. 9. Dicranum pungens (Hook. fil. e& Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 17. t. 59. f. 1) ; caule elongato subra- moso, foliis secundis patentibus lineari-lanceolatis convolutis apice carinatis serrulatis tenuinerviis, periche- tialibus convolutis elongatis, seta mediocri torta, capsula inclinata oblonga curvula, operculo longirostri.— D. Nove-Hollandis, Hornsch. Muse. Sieb. Nov. Holl. n. 1 (in parte). Has. Among rocks and running water: summit of Mount Wellington. (Quan, 12.) (Oldfield, 109, 255.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. Lord Auckland’s and Campbell’s Islands, Australia. 6. Dicranum robustum (Hook. fil. et Wils.); caule elongato, foliis falcato-secundis longissimis lineari-lanceolatis setaceo-attenuatis convolutis spinuloso-serrulatis nervo latiusculo excurrente, pericheetia- libus vaginantibus, capsula cylindracea inclinata curvtla strumulosa.—F7. N. Zeal. p. 66; Fl. Antarct. p. 406. £. 152. f. 8; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. DisrarB. Lord Auckland’s Group, Campbell's Island, Kerguelen’s Land, Fuegia, and New Zealand. T. Dicranum setosum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 17. t. 58. f. 5); caule fragili subramoso, foliis strictis fragilibus suberectis longissime lanceolato-setaceis apice serrulatis nervo latiusculo subexcur- rente, seta longiuscula, capsula oblonga curvata, operculo longirostri.—77. N. Zeal. p. 66. Has. Springs, Mount Wellington. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 107.) DisrRrB. New Zealand, Lord Auckland's Group, and Campbell’s Island. 8. Dicranum Menziesii (Taylor, in Phytol. ii. p. 1094); caule radiculoso-tomentoso, foliis con- fertis secundis subrigidis lanceolato-setaceis crassinerviis, seta brevi, capsula oblonga suberecta subexserta strumulosa, operculo longirostri.—77. Antarct. p. 128. t. 58. J. 4. D. brachypelma, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 550, fide Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. i Var. B. rigidum ; foliis rigidioribus minus confertis nigro-viridibus patulis subfalcatis, caule robustiore. Has. Dense forests. (Gunn, 10.) River Acheron. (Gunn, 1582 6.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. Antarctic Islands, New Zealand. 9. Dicranum angustifolium (Hook, fil. et Wils.); caule longiusculo, foliis confertis suberectis e basi lanceolata longe setaceis integerrimis ap CLXXII. Fig. 2.) Has. In bogs: Mount Wellington, Gunn, Oldfield. (Barren specimen only.) ice siccitate flexuosis, nervo angusto excurrente. (Tas. ! Musei, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 171 Nearly allied to D. tenuifolium (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. t. 152. f. T).— Leaves erect, not falcate, longer, of firmer texture; nerve well defined, less capillary at the apex ; alar cellules subquadrate, coloured.—1n the lurid hue and general aspect it resembles Didymodon longifolius, var. penicillatus (Fl. Antarct.).—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 2; 1 and 2, leaves :—magnified. 10. Dicranum Starkii? (Web. et Mohr, Bot. Tasch. 189).— Br. et Schimp. Br. Eur. t. 64. Has. Brown's River. (Oldfield, 326 f.) (Barren and dwarf specimens only.) DisrriB. Europe. Leaves lanceolate-setaceous, entire; nerve narrow, well defined. ll. Dicranum Sphagni? (Wahlenb. Fl. Lapp. 337). Has. (Barren specimen.) (Gunn.) DisrarB. Europe, America ? Stem 1 inch long. Leaves yellowish, subulate-lanceolate, entire; nerve strong, excurrent. 12. Dicranum (Leptotrichum) ferrugineum (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; * dioicum, caulibus czespitosis radiculis ferrugineis dense intertextis, foliis e basi erecta ovali-oblonga sensim attenuatis patentibus integerrimis nervo percurrente cellulis basi utrinque ad margines pluribus oblongis quadratisque parallelogrammaticis superioribus insequalibus perichetialibus conformibus, theca in pedunculo rubro erecta globoso-ovata, operculo conico-rostrato, peristomio e dentibus latis rubris dicranoideis, annulo latiusculo composito." (Tas. CLXXII. Fig. 1.) Has. On the ground: plain near Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. : “Whole plant dull ferruginous-green. Stems from half an inch to 1 inch in height.—In general appearance it has some resemblance to D. Jamesoni (Tayl.), but it is smaller, compactly ezespitose, and interwoven with intensely ferruginous radicles. The seta is about 3 lines long, rather stout, pale-red. The small, subglobose, erect capsule distinguishes it readily from its allies." 79. Mitten, l.c.—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 1; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule and calyptra; 4, teeth :—all magnified. 13. Dicranum Tasmanicum (Hook. fil. Ic. Pl. t. 248) ; dioicum, caule elongato, foliis laxiusculis patentibus lanceolato-oblongis obtusis canaliculatis integerrimis apice concavis evanidinerviis siccitate incurvis crispulis, capsula erecta turbinata macrostoma, operculo longirostri.— Dichodontium, Schimper (vid. Bryol. Europ.). Didymodon, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Wet cliffs. (Gunn, 1607.) (Oldfield.) Fossiliferous limestone: Meander River, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. Gen. XI. BLINDIA, Br. et Sch. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 16, lanceolati, remote articulati, leves, apice hie illic pertusi vel bifidi, intus leviter trabeculati, purpurei, cartilaginei. Capsula exannulata, e collo tumido truncato-spherica, sub- pyriformis, solida, sicca vacua turbinata. Operculum rostratum. Calyptra infra operculum producta, cucullata, fere usque ad apicem fissa, primo basi angularis. Folia dicranoidea, areolatione ad angulos basilares valde dilatata, quadrata, aurantiaca. Flores dioici, terminales, antheridia majora.—Plante plus minus elate, dense cespitose; caule filiformi, fragili, iterum dichotome ramoso, parce radiculoso. l. Blindia acuta (Br. et Sch. Bryol. Europ. t. 114) ; dioica, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus sub- secundis rigidulis nitidis e basi concava oblongo-lanceolata nervo excurrente lineari-subulatis, perichzetialibus vaginantibus superne patentibus, capsula in seta brevi globoso-pyriformi, peristomii dentibus purpureis siccitate erecto-patentibus.— Weissia acuta, Hedw. Muse. Frond. t. 35. 172 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Var. B. curviseta ; capsula subrotunda, seta arcuata crassiore, peristomii dentibus crebre articulatis, operculo brevius rostellato.— Weissia acuta, var. 9, Fl. Antarct. p. 98. í Has. On rocks: Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 135.) On stones: rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Distrıs. Falkland and Hermite Islands. Gen. XII. CAMPYLOPUS, Bridel. Peristomium Dicrani. Capsula in pedicello arcuato inter folia comalia demissa, ovalis, egualis vel gibba, striata; operculo oblique rostrato. Annulus duplex, revolubilis. Calyptra cucullata, basi fimbriata. —Fructus sepius aggregati. Folia nervo lato dorso plus minus lamellato instructa, lanceolato-setacea. Florescentia dioica. : l. Campylopus introflexus (Hedw. Sp. Musc. t. 29) ; caule ramoso, foliis imbricatis e basi lata concava marginibus pellucida acuminato-lanceolatis piliferis, nervo lato, pilo spinuloso divaricato, capsula obovata inequali. 3 Has. Abundant on dry ground and in swamps, J. D. H. Georgetown. (Gunn, 1584 a.) (Law- rence, 4.) (Stuart. Back River. (Oldfield, 229.) On logs and on the ground: Cheshunt, Archer. DisrRrB. Falkland and Campbell’s Islands, Australia, New Zealand. 2. Campylopus clavatus (Brown); caule dichotomo fasciculato, foliis lanceolato-acuminatis pili- feris solidinerviis strictis aureis, capsula pendula striata.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 255 a. (Dicranum).—W. Mitten, l.c. Has. Tasmania, Brown, G. Sieber, Oldfield. DisrRiB. New Zealand; found in all the islands. “This species entered into the composition of Hornschuch's D. pudicum, being intermixed with the stems of D. introflecum.” —W. Mitten, l.c. 9. Campylopus insititius (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caule rigidulo interrupte comoso subgracili, foliis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis siccitate incurvis, caulinis lanceolato-subulatis canaliculatis muticis, comalibus lanceolato-acuminatis recte piliferis latinerviis dorso elamellatis, pericheetialibus ovato-lanceolatis sensim pili- formi-acuminatis, seta pallida, capsula elliptica subzequali vix stramosa. (Tas. CLXXII. Fig. 3.) Haz. Southport, Stuart. Bogs: in gullies about Brown's River; common. (Oldfield, 305-8.) Stem 1-3 inches long, blackish below. Leaves with a short pellucid base; areole oblong-elliptical. Peristome red; teeth distantly barred, striated, colourless at the apex.— Differs from C. introflexus in the form and texture of the leaves, capsule, and peristome.—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 3; 1, portion of stem and capsule; 2 and 3, leaves; 4, capsule; 5, calyptra; 6, teeth :—all magnified. (This appears to me to be identical with Brown's C. clavatus, W. Mitten.) 4. Campylopus capillatus (Hook. fil. et Wils.); caule gracilente rigidiusculo rufo-tomentoso, foliis erecto-patentibus subsecundis subrecurvis siccitate laxis subflexuosis, caulinis e basi ovato-lanceolata repente subulato-setaceis latinerviis dorso sublamellatis apice subintegris inferne pellucidis, pericheetialibus vaginantibus membranaceis apice setiformi-attenuatis, capsula subelliptica leptoderma, calyptra brevi breviter fimbriata.—Dieranum pyriforme, Schultz; Mitten in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (TAB. CLXXII. Fig. 4.) Has. Bogs: Brown’s River, with the preceding species. (Oldfield, 305-8.) South Port, Stuart. Allied to Dieranum nivale (C. Mueller), and to C. torfaceus (Br. and Schimper).—Stem 1-2 inches or more. Leaves bright-green, glossy ; areole quadrate, at the base rectangular and pellucid. Sete pale. Capsule almost Musci, by W. Wilson. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 173 symmetrical. Peristome red. Spores small.—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 4; 1, leaf; 2, capsule and calyptra; 3, ditto, with calyptra removed ; 4, teeth :—all magnified. 5. Campylopus bicolor (Hornsch.in Musc. Sieb. n. 9) ; foliis strictis confertis lanceolato-subulatis obtusis apice concavis.—Z7. N. Zeal. p. 69. Has. (Barren specimen only.) (Gunn, 13.) Disrris. New Zealand, Australia. ; 6. Campylopus torquatus (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ C. pyriformi omnibus partibu maxime similis sed foliis a parte inferiore magis gradatim subulatis et lamina altiore a nervo distinguenda, cellulis in parte laminse superiore quadruplo minoribus, foliis perichetialibus internis basi tenerioribus, pedunculo siccitate spiraliter torto.”—Campylopus pallidus, ex parte Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 68. t. 84. f. 3. Dicranum flexuosum, C. Mueller, in adnot. ad Muscos Mossmanianos, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 551. D. Campylopus torfaceus, Mitten, in Hook. Kew Miscel. 1856, p. 257. D. Campylopus tor- quatus ejusd. Has. West-end Rivulet, Cheshunt, on decayed logs, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Australia. “ So very much does this species resemble D. pyriforme (Campylopus), Schultz, that it may readily be passed over as a state of that species, having the same soft appearance. The species referred to in the “Flora of New Zealand” as the typical form, gathered by Professor Jameson in the Andes of Quito, is a more robust species, with stiffer, less finely attenuated leaves, and a capsule rough at the base. Dicranum nodosum, Beauv. in Herb. Hook., is a much larger Moss, with leaves having a longer base, stouter nerve, and stiffer habit; it is in all probability synonymous with Campylopus nivalis, Brid. If Campylopus could be defined so as to distinguish it from Dicranum, there would be no necessity to alter the name of the present species, but it seems impossible to separate them in an extensive herbarium, notwithstanding the difference in the aspect of some of the species; and there being a Dicranum pallidum from North America previously published by Bruch and Schimper, an alteration has become unavoidable.” — Mit£en, l. c. Gen. XIII. TREMATODON, Richard. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 16, lanceolati, in crura duo inzequalia fissi, articulati, strigillati et gra- nulati. Calyptra inflato-cucullata. Capsula apophysi longa attenuata instructa, cernua, oblonga, annulata. Operculum longirostre.—Habitus dieranoideus. Folia angusta—Fl. N. Zeal. p. 69. (W. Mitten.) 1. Trematodon flexipes (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “dioicus ?, ceespitosus, caule bre- viusculo, foliis erecto-patentibus lanceolato-subulatis integerrimis nervo lato totam fere folii partem supe- riorem occupante, perichetialibus latis vaginantibus, theca in pedunculo brevi gracili flexuoso stramineo suberecta rufo-fusca, collo pallidiore «equilongo, operculo curvirostrato, peristomio e dentibus rubris dicra- noideis, annulo composito." (Tas. CLXXII. Fig. 6.) Has. On the ground: plain near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. but with leaves in which the nerve occupies the whole of the upper “ Very nearly resembling T. brevicollis, , » Mitten, l. c—Puiate CLXXII. Fig. 6; three-fourths, the seta flexuose, and the peristome with distinctly cleft teeth. 1, leaf; 2, perichetium; 3, capsule and calyptra; 4, teeth :—all magnified. Tribe VI. TricHostoMEZ. Gen. XIV. DESMATODON, Bridel. Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, bi-trifidi; crura tetragona, remote articulata, —— a VOL. U. 174 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [.Musci, by W. Wilson. articulationibus singulis connexa, humida erecta, sicca incurva vel sinistrorsum subconvoluta, paulisper hygroscopica. Calyptra cucullata.—Habitus Trichostomi. Florescentia monoica, fl. masc. axillaris, gem- maformis. l. Desmatodon nervosus (Br. et Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 132) ; caule humili, foliis patentibus sic- citate inflexis vel convolutis ovali-oblongis apiculatis concavis margine revolutis, nervo valido superne in- crassato spongioso excurrente, capsula ovali-oblonga erecta exannulata, operculo suboblique conico-rostel- lato, peristomio dentibus insequalibus. Has. On dry earth, banks, etc., abundant, J. D. H.; Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Europe, America. Dr. Hooker e specimen has the peristome longer than usual, approaching to that of Tortula. Nearly allied to Tortula recurvata (Hook.), but the leaves are shorter and more thickly nerved. Gen. XV. TORTULA, Schreb. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 32, longissimi, filiformes, sinistrorsum contorti, hygroscopici, basi mem- brana brevi vel in tubum producta coaliti. Capsula erecta, oblonga, annulata. Opercudum conicum, oblique subulatum. l. Tortula Knightii (Mitten) ; “monoica, habitu statura coloreque 7. Northiane simillima, foliis siccitate crispatis humido patentibus e basi paululum latiore subovata lanceolatis apice acuminatis, comalibus sensim ad apicem angustatis lanceolatis marginibus undulatis integerrimis nervo concolore excurrente mucronatis, cellulis basi hyalinis elongatis utrinque ad margines altiore quam in medio adscendentibus subito in minutas virides obscuras transeuntibus, perichetialibus longioribus paululo latioribus, theca in pedunculo rubro cylindrica, operculo subulato, theca dimidio breviore peristomio et flore masculo 7. Northiana.” — Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. T. ceespitosa, var., Hook. Jil. et Wils. in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 70. (Tas. CLXXIT. Fig. 11.) . Has. Wellington Falls, Mount Wellington, Mossman, DisTRIB. New Zealand. “ Distinct from T. Northiana (Grev.) = T. cespitosa (Schweegr.) in the much narrower leaves, with undulated margins." Mitten, l.c.—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 11; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule; 4, ditto, with operculum re- moved; 5, male flower :—all magnified. 2. Tortula recurvata (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 130); monoica, caule humili, foliis patentibus sicci- tate erectis inflexis ligulato-lanceolatis concaviusculis nervo crasso excurrente apiculatis margine revolutis, seta elongata gracili, capsula oblonga suberecta, annulo simplici, operculo conico-subulato. Hap. On wet ground: Mount Dromedary. (Oldfield, 335.) DisrRrB. South Africa. Nearly allied to Desmatodon nervosus, twice as tall, and of more slender habit.—Zeaves almost ligulate, the nerve not so much thickened upwards. Seta very pale reddish, 1 inch long. Capsule elongated, tapering at the base and in the upper part, pale reddish-brown. Peristome twisted, and perfectly conformable to the genus. 9. Tortula torguata (Taylor); foliis confertis erecto-patentibus siccitate spiraliter arctegue con- tortis lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis margine revolutis, nervo valido subexeurrente, capsula erecta oblonga, operculo subulato.— Taylor, in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 50 ; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. 4. Tortula Australasiz (Hook. et Grev. in Brewst. Journ. Sc. i. 301. t. 12); caule breviusculo Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. * n subsimplici, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis patentibus subrecurvis siccitate erispis tortilibus carinatis mar- gine subreflexis nervo rubello percursis, capsula ovato-cylindracea, operculo brevi-rostrato. Var. foliis laxioribus. (Oldfield. Has. Hobarton, on the ground, Lyall; west side of Cataract, Launceston, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Australia. 5. Tortula calycina (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 119); caule brevissimo subramoso, foliis lanceolatis sub- undulatis margine planis crassinerviis, pericheetialibus elongatis vaginantibus, seta longissima, capsula ellip- tico-oblonga suberecta, operculo longissimo subulato.—T. flexuosa, var.?, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 125. Var. foliis longioribus acutioribus attenuatis. (Gunn.) Has. Hobarton; on stones and at the foot of trees, dry hills: Brown's River, etc., Lyall. (Oldfield, 331, 132.) (Gunn, 1620, 1587.) Port Sorrell, Archer. DisrRis. New Zealand, Australia, East Indies. 6. Tortula pungens (Hook. fil. et Wils.); dioica, caule longiusculo subramoso rigidulo, foliis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis siccitate crispato-tortis lanceolato-ligulatis margine revolutis dorso papillatis nervo valido concolore in mucronem levem breviusculum excurrente, perichetialibus longioribus erectis lanceolatis membranaceis subvaginantibus, capsula cylindrica curvula.—T. luteola, Mitten, in Kew Miscel. 1857, p. 258! T. Tasmanica, Hampe, in Linnea? (Tas. CLXXII. Fig. 7.) Has. Common on rocks: Grass Tree Hill, etc., J. D. H., Gunn; on a high hill called the Drome- dary, Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 59, 317, 115.) Cheshunt, Archer. DistriB. Australia. : Nearly allied to 7. pilifera (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 12).—Leaves wider, not piliferous, less dilated below, more erisped when dry. Perichetial leaves less sheathing. Seta longer (1 inch), reddish below, yellowish above: flexuose.—PLATE CLXXII. Fig. 7; 1, leaf; 2, capsule; 3, calyptra :—all magnified. 7. Tortula Antarctica (Barbula, Hampe, C. Mueller, Syn. Muse. i. 638); synoica, laxe cespitosa, caule inferne radiculoso subgracili longiusculo, foliis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis siccitate laxe tortis lan- ceolato-ligulatis obtusis canaliculato-carinatis nervo crasso rubente in aristam hyalinam spinulosam producto margine revolutis basi pellucide reticulatis superne dense minute areolatis chlorophyllosis tenuissime papil- losis, capsula in pedicello stricto rubenti-stramineo erecta. —T. Muelleri, F/. Antarct. p. 103; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 11. Syntrichia princeps, De Not. ex parte Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXIL Fig. 8.) Has. Hobarton, J. D. H.; Port Sorrell, Archer. Distris. Falkland Islands, New Zealand. Leaves fawn-coloured, more lax and more twisted when dry than in T. Muelleri (Br. et Sch.), to which it is more nearly allied than to 7. levipila (Schwegr.), which has spathulate leaves —PLATE CLXXIT. Fig. 8; 1, leaf; 2, capsule; 3, calyptra :—all magnified. 8. Tortula cuspidata (Hook. fil. et Wils.); synoica, caule longiusculo crassiusculo subramoso, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis siccitate incurvis ligulatis obtusis margine revolutis nervo crasso rubente in mucronem longiusculum lævem producto basi pellucide reticulatis superne minutissime densius areolatis papillosis, capsula in pedicello rubello torto erecta.—Syntrichia princeps, De Not. ex parte Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXII. Fig. 9.) Haz. Moist earth, in woods, on Mount Wellington, Oldfield ; Kangaroo Bottom, J. D. H. ; Cheshunt, Archer. Disrgis. New Zealand. 176 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Leaves more crowded than in 7. Antarctica, wider above; areolation less opague; colour green, tinged with red.—Closely allied to T. Muelleri. Leaves narrower, less appressed when dry.—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 9; 1, leaf; 2, capsule; 3, ditto, with operculum removed ; 4, calyptra :—all magnified. 9. Tortula rubella (Hook. fil. et Wils.); monoica, caule breviusculo parce ramoso, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis siccitate conduplicato-incurvis oblongis subspathulatis obtusiusculis margine superne planis inferne revolutis, nervo rubro crasso in pilo hyalino scabriusculo excurrente, seta longiuscula gracili, capsula subcylindrica leptoderma, peristomii tubo basilari longiusculo.— Syntrichia princeps, ez parte Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXII. Fig. 10.) Has. On banks, rare: Glen Leith, J. D. H., Gunn; Port Sorrell, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. (Knight, 87.) Closely allied to T. Jevipila (Schweegr.).—Habit more slender. Antheridia naked, axillary. Leaves narrower, more erect, scarcely recurved; areole smaller, dense and opaque. Seta more slender, red, nearly 1 inch long. Peristome tubular halfway.—Omitted in the New Zealand Flora.—PrATE CLXXII. Fig. 10; 1, leaf; 2, apex; and 3, section of ditto; 4, capsule and calyptra; 5, ditto, with calyptra removed :—all magnified. 10. Tortula papillosa (Wils.) ; “ dioica, ceespitulosa, foliis obovatis valde concavis patentibus sic- citate marginibus involutis papillosis, nervo superne granulifero in mucronem vel pilum excurrente, theca operculo tertio breviore, in pedunculo breviusculo crassiusculo cylindrica peristomii parte tertia inferiore tubulosa.”—Mitten, in lit. Tortula papillosa, Wils. ; Spruce, in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845; Wils. Bryol. Brit. p. 135. Has. On trees, Gunn. Disrris. Probably throughout the temperate parts of the world, Australia, the Cape of Good Hope, Britain, and Canada. “This small species is readily distinguished by the green granules on the surface of the nerve in the upper portion of the leaf, and when dry by the involution of the margins."— Mitten, in lit. ll. Tortula mnioides? (Schwegr.); foliis laxe imbricatis patulis siccitate crispis undulatis ovato- lanceolatis acuminatis pellucido-marginatis.—Schwegr. Suppl. t. 910; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On logs, in copses: Cheshunt, Archer ; Mount Wellington, Mossman. Distri. New Zealand, and, if identical with Schweegrichen’s Moss, which it appears to be, South America. Gen. XVI. TRICHOSTOMUM, Hedw., Brid. (ex parte). Peristomium simplex; dentes 32, plus minus perfecti, per paria approximati, filiformes, tetragoni, gra- nulosi, crebre articulati, intorti. Capsula oblonga, erecta. Calyptra cucullata.—Florescentia monoica vel dioica, fl. masc. gemmaformis. : 1. Trichostomum elongatum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; monoicum, caule longiusculo rigidulo simplici, foliis laxis erecto-patentibus subsecundis parum flexuosis rigidulis e basi elliptica majuscula amplexicaule membranacea pellucida longissime subulato-setaceis solidinerviis canaliculatis granuloso-serrulatis, seta elon- gata, capsula elongata cylindrica erecta, operculo conico-subulato, (Tas. CLXXIII. Fig. 1.) Has. Moist clayey soil: Mount Wellington, Grass Tree Hill, hills about Hobarton, J. D. H., Fraser ; Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. Allied to T. longifolium (Brid.), distinguished by the pellucid margin of the large, sheathing, elliptical base of the leaf. —Seta 1 inch long, reddish. Capsule pale-brown long, cylindrical. Annulus large. Operculum half as Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. ! 177 long as the capsule. Male flower often terminal on a branch.—Omitted in the New Zealand Flora.—PrLATE CLXXIII. Fig. 1; 1, leaf; 2, capsule ; 3, ditto, with operculum removed ; 4, teeth and annulus :—all magnified. 2. Trichostomum cylindricarpum (C. Mueller); “dioicum !; cwspites humiles, setoso-foliosi, rigidi, sordide lutescentes; caules intertexti, subsimplices, densifolii, robustiores, subgraciles, breviusculi ; folia caulina dense conferta, longa, setiformia, sicca suberispate subsecunda, e basi longiuscule vaginante angusta, inferne laxiuscule, superne sensim rotundate incrassate areolata, pallida, tenera, in subulam elon- gatam flexuosam scabriusculam summo apice denticulatam acutam sensim attenuata, nervo latiusculo subu- lam totam superiorem occupante; perichetialia parum latiora, longius vaginantia; theca in pedunculo elongato gracili stricto levi erecta, angustissime perfecte cylindrica, curviuscula."— Mitten, in lit. Lepto- trichum cylindricarpum, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 551. Ha». Amongst rocks: Cataract, near Launceston, Mossman. 3. Trichostomum laxifolium (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 72); caule brevissimo simplici, foliis distantibus patulis flexuosis e basi ovata amplexicauli longissime subulato-setaceis solidinerviis canali- culatis integerrimis, capsula oblonga subobligua, operculo conico-subulato.—Dicranum flexifolium, Hook, Muse. Exot. t. 144. Has. On hills about Hobarton, on moist clayey ground. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield.) DisrarB. New Zealand, South Africa, South America. 4. Trichostomum (Leptotrichum) Oldfieldii (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; * monoicum ! habitu Leptotrichi affinis, foliis e basi lata oblongo-ovata erecta longe subulatis patentibus apice parcissime denticulatis cellulis angustis elongatis sensim superne brevioribus firmis nervo subulam superiorem totam occupante canaliculatis, pericheetialibus basi longiore latioreque elliptico-convolutis, theca in pedunculo elongato state rubro cylindracea arcuata, flore masculo gemmzformi brevifolioso in foliorum caulinorum axillis." Haz. On the ground. (Oldfield, 154.) “ Very near to Leptotrichum affine, C. Mueller, in size and appearance, but with leaves about twice as wide at the oblong base, and thence subulate.”—Mitten, l. c. 5. Trichostomum (Leptotrichum) australe (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “monoicum !, caule elongato ramoso cespitoso, foliis erecto-patentibus elongato-ovalibus ellipticisve cellulis elongatis areolatis nervo in subulam setaceam apice parce denticulatam longe excurrente, perichetialibus elongatis convolutis apice abruptis nervo longe capillari excurrente, theca in pedunculo circiter semiunciali pallide fusco ovali erecta fusca, flore masculo in ramo elongato e basi caulis fertilis egrediente terminali."— Lophiodon strictus, Hook. fil. et Wils. in Fl. Antarct, Crypt. p. VS. t. 59. f. 2. Didymodon longifolius, var. 3 penicillatus eorund. Lc. p. 102. D. longifolius e£ Distichium capillaceum, in Fl. Nove Zelandie enumerate, etiam huic speciei pertinent. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Falkland, Lord Auckland's, and Campbell’s Islands. “This most distinct Moss has been wrongly described with dioicous inflorescence and striated leaves. In the specimens collected by Mr. Archer the stems are 4 inches high, but the seta is not longer than in the shorter states of the plant. The capsules in all the specimens are too old to afford an idea of the perfect peristome, but in every other particular the structure is similar to that observable in the species of Leptotrichum, and not at all different from that. of Weissia stricta, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. Crypt. p. 98. t. 152. f. 4, which is also referable to the same genus." — Mitten, l. c. VOL. II. SS Li 178 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Musci, by W. Wilson. Gen. XVII. DIDYMODON, Jr. et Schimp. Peristomium breve, simplex; dentes 16, lineari-lanceolati, secus lineam mediam integri vel pertusi et bifidi, tenerrimi, fugacissimi. Capsula, etc., ut in Trichostomo. : 1. Didymodon papillatus (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 73. t. 85. f. 2); laxe cespitosus, caule elongato rigidulo subramoso, ramis filiformibus erectis, foliis trifariis patenti-recurvis ovato-lanceolatis acuminulatis carinatis subsolidinerviis integerrimis utrinque papillatis, perichzetialibus convolutis, capsula oblonga erecta, operculo conico-subulato. Haz. On the ground: New Country, J. D. H. ; Hobarton, Oldfield ; the Hummocks, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand, Swan River, Australia. Gen. XVIII. CERATODON, Bridel. Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, lanceolati, ad basin fere bicrures, cruribus eegualibus subulatis, basi dense superne remote articulati, articulationibus prominulis, humiditate conniventes, siccitate spiraliter incurvi. Capsula suberecta, oblonga, collo brevi, striata, sicca angulosa, pachyderma. Annulus duplex, revolubilis. Opercu/um conico-rostratum. Calyptra cucullata.—Florescentia dioica. Habitus inter Di- cranoideum et Trichostomoideum ludens. 1. Ceratodon purpureus (Bridel, Br. Univ. i. 480) ; caule dichotome ramoso, foliis oblongo-lan- ceolatis carinatis margine reflexis dorso papillatis patentibus siccitate subtortilibus nervo valido subexcur- rente, pericheetialibus vaginantibus acuminatis, capsula in pedicello purpureo suberecta oblonga subincurva striata strumulosa siccitate cernua subhorizontali, operculo conico, peristomii dentibus in membrana basilari sat producta bifidis margine pallidioribus.—Br. e£ Sch. Bryol. Eur. t. 189. Dicranum purpureum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 36. Var. 2; foliis suberectis confertis siccitate strictioribus, nervo crassiore, seta elongata. Has. Moist burnt ground: St. Patrick's River. (Gunn, 1616.) (Oldfield, 312, 332, 199.) Back River Gully, above Wellington Falls. (Oldfield, 310.) New Norfolk, J. D. H. On rocks and stones: Western Mountains, Archer. Var. 2. On cow-dung, in bogs: North-west Bay, Oldfield. Disrris. All parts of the world. 2. Ceratodon stenocarpus (Br. et Schimp. in Monogr. Ceratodon. p. 4, memoratus) ; dioicus, habitus C. purpurei, capsula in pedunculo flavido plus minus cylindrica cernua angulata evidentius stru- mosa, peristomii dentibus brevioribus angustioribus fuscis subunicoloribus ad basin usque fere fissis. Has. On the ground; frequent in the bush. (Oldfield, 70.) Disrris. South Africa, Nilgherry Mountains, Mexico, Columbia. Tribe VII. HEpnwrGIACEA. Gen. XIX. HEDWIGIA, Zara. Peristomium nullum. Capsula globosa, immersa vel longius pedicellata, brevicolla, exannulata. Operculum subconicum vel conico-rostratum. Calyptra minuta, conica vel cucullata. Flores monoici vel 'dioici, masculi gemmeeformes, axillares.— Folia enervia, concava. $1. EURYSTOMUM.— Rhizoma repens, subterraneum. Folia laze reticulata. Spore pregrandes. l. Hedwigia repens (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 106) ; rhizomate repente subterraneo, (foliis surculi Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 179 sterilis patulis subortundis acuminulatis, fertilis conniventibus majoribus ovatis longe acuminatis apice at- tenuatis integerrimis laxe reticulatis albescentibus membranaceis, capsula immersa in vaginulam brevissimam sessili sphierica ore dilatato, operculo conico-apiculato, calyptra minuta conica valde fugace, sporis pregran- dibus.— 77. N. Zeal. p. 92. Leptangium repens, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Port Sorrell, and north side of Cataract, Launceston, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. $ 1. SCLEROSTOMUM.—Capsula scleroderma, siccitate striata; operculo rostrato. Calyptra cucullata. Folia coriacea, rigida. Florescentia dioica, l. Hedwigia Humboldtii (Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 137); caule erecto pinnatim ramoso, foliis im- bricatis obovatis concavis piliformi-acuminatis rigidis coriaceis, seta longiuscula, capsula subglobosa sulcata, operculo rostrato, calyptra cucullata.—Anictangium, Bridel, Br. Univ. ; Fl. Antarct. 135, 415. Var. B. australis; caule breviore, foliis brevibus acuminatis immarginatis, seta brevi. Has. On moist trap rocks and in bogs: Mount Wellington, elev. 3000 feet, J. D. H. Penquite, Gunn. Cheshunt, Archer. DisrRrB. New Zealand, Australia, Antarctic Islands, South America, South Africa, Guadeloupe. $ 2. HEDWIGIA.— Capsula immersa, levis. Operculum conicum. Calyptra mitraformis. Florescentia monoica. 2. Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw. Musc. Frond. t. 40); laxe cespitosa, caule decumbente subramoso, foliis patentibus siccitate appressis ovatis hyalino-acuminatis acumine papilloso serrato, perichetialibus lon- gioribus filamentoso-ciliatis, capsula immersa subsessili, operculo planiusculo, calyptra subpilosa.—Cryphea (Dichotomaria) microcyathea, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 564, conf. Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On stones: near Lake Echo, J. D. H. On rocks: Cheshunt, Archer. Near Launceston, Mossman. DisrRiB. Europe, America. 9. Hedwigia imberbis (Hedwigidium, Br. et Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 274) ; cespitosa, caule humili subramoso, foliis patentibus siccitate appressis ovatis acuminatis margine revolutis, perichzetialibus vaginan- tibus lanceolato-acuminatis, capsula immersa pedicellata subglobosa, operculo conico, calyptra nuda. Var. 8. Drummondii ; foliis confertioribus minus acuminatis, operculo rostellato.—Schistidium Drum- mondii, Taylor, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 57 (foliis prorsus enerviis !). Has. On dry stones: near Hobarton, J. D. H. On rocks: Cheshunt, Archer. Disrnrs. Swan River, Australia, Europe. Our specimens agree with those from Swan River, except that the leaves are less spreading, and not subsecund. Tribe VIII. Grimme. Gen. XX. GRIMMIA, Auet. Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, majusculi, lanceolati, trabeculati, cribrosi, simplices vel apice bi-tri- fidi, siccitate reflexi. Calyptra mitreeformis, basi lobata vel obligua, cucullata. $ 1. SCHISTIDIUM.— Calyptra lobata, solo operculo valde dilatato insidens. Capsula immersa. Operculum una cum columella deciduum. Flores monoici. 1. Grimmia apocarpa (Hedw. Musc. Frond. t. 39) ; laxe cespitosa, foliis e basi erecta patentibus 180 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musei, by W. Wilson. ovato-lanceolatis margine reflexis apice hyalinis evanidinerviis, pericheetialibus latioribus, capsula immersa elliptica pachyderma exannulata. Var. foliis muticis. Has. Rocks: New Country, J. D. H. Bed of stream at foot of Mount Nelson, J. D. H. Coal River, Richmond, on stones. (Oldfield, 143, 66.) Mount Wellington. (Gunn, 1609.) On stones: the Hum- mocks; and on rocks: Meander River and Jackey's Plain Creek, near Cheshunt, Archer. DrsrarB. New Zealand, Europe, America. $ 2. GRIMMIA.— Calyptra lobata vel cucullata. | Capsula in pedicello curvato emersa vel exserta. 2. Grimmia pulvinata (Hook. et Tayl. Musc. Brit. 38. t. 13); dense pulvinata, foliis lanceolato- oblongis superne carinatis repente piliferis evanidinerviis margine recurvis, capsula in pedicello arcuato demissa ovali striata, annulo duplice, operculo rostrato, calyptra mitreeformi. Var. 8. Africana ; humilior, capsula breviore, operculo conico mamillato brevissimo, dentibus brevio- ribus.— Fissidens pulvinatus, var. 8, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 43. G. cygnicolla, Taylor. Has. On trap rocks: near Glen Leith, J. D. H. Seaside, South Port. (Gunn, 1692, 8.) (Oldfield, 332.) Cheshunt, and on rocks; Port Sorrell, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Australia, Europe, Africa, America. 3. Grimmia trichophylla (Greville, Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 100) ; dioica, laxe pulvinata, foliis lineari- lanceolatis flexuosis sensim in pilo diaphano subleevi attenuatis siccitate crispulis, capsula in pedicello cygneo subpendula ovali striata siccitate angulosa, operculo conico-rostrato, annulo lato, peristomii dentibus bifidis. Has. Mount Wellington, ete., on rocks. (Gunn.) (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 337 b.) Cheshunt, Archer. DisranrB. Europe, Asia Minor. 4. Grimmia funalis (Br. et Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 247) ? Has.? (Barren specimen only.) (Gunn.) $ 3. ORTHOGRIMMIA,—Capsule pedicellus rectus. 9. Grimmia leucophzea (Greville, Trans. Wern. Soc. iv. t. 6); dioica, foliis erecto-patentibus sic- citate appressis ovato-oblongis concavis piliferis margine planis tenuinerviis, capsula ovalis in pedicello breviter exserto erecta microstoma, operculo recte rostrato, annulo lato, peristomii dentibüs bi-trifidis cri- brosis.—G. campestris, Hook. Muse. Erot. t. 199. Has. On moist rocks: near Hobarton, J. D. H. On stones: the Hummocks, Archer. DistriB. Europe, North America, Africa, Australia. Gen. XXI. PTYCHOMITRIUM, Br. e£ Schimp. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 16, e basi lanceolata subulati, in crura inzequalia fissi, vicinis aequalibus. Calyptra sulcata, nuda, basi lobata. Capsula ovalis vel oblongo-cylindrica, brevicolla. Opereulum longum, rectirostrum. Flores monoici, masculi axillares vel terminales, gemmeeformes. l. itrium acutifolium (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caule humili incrassato ramoso, foliis con- fertis patenti-incurvis siccitate intortis lanceolato-subulatis acutis planiusculis solidinerviis basi pellucide areolatis, capsula majuscula ovali erecta annulata, peristomii dentibus breviusculis leviusculis subfissis membrana basilari connexis. (Tas. CLXXIII. Fig. 2.) Han. On banks and trap rocks near the Derwent, Glen Leith, very rare, J. D. H. On rocks : Port Sorrell, Archer. Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 18] Disrris. South Australia. (O. Prentice, Esq.) Stem 2 lines long. Leaves crowded, yellowish-green; margin subreflexed ; upper areole quadrato-punctiform, lower ones rectangular. Seta 2 lines, pale. Annulus large. Spores brownish. Male flowers aggregate, gemmm- form, axillary.—Closely allied to P. crassinervium (Schimper), but differs in the peristome, and in the larger areole. P. Drummondii is smaller, and has no annulus; and from P. crispata our Moss differs in the acute tapering leaves. —PrarE CLXXIIL Fig. 2; 1, fruiting specimen; 2, leaf; 3, capsule; 4, teeth; 5, calyptra :—all magnified. 2. Ptychomitrium serratum (Mitten, in Linn. Soc. Journ. ined.) ; “ P. polyphyllo minor, foliis patenti-recurvis e basi ovata lanceolatis sensim acutis margine apicem versus serrato inferne recurvo, nervo percurrente, cellulis basi paucis elongatis mox in rotundatis a sese remotiusculis diametro circiter 4! uncize metientibus transeuntibus, perichetialibus caulinis similibus, theca in pedunculo guadrilineari ovali- cylindrica, operculo subulato subequilongo, peristomio dentibus longiusculis rubris asperulis profunde fissis basi geminatim approximatis, calyptra P. erispati.” (Tas. CLXXIII. Fig. 3.) Has. On rocks: north side of the Cataract, Launceston, Archer. In size and habit so nearly resembling P. acutifolium as to be readily mistaken for it, but safely distinguished by the serrated leaves, which are shorter and less narrowed towards the apex than those of P. polyphyllum. Mitten, l.c.—PLATE CLXXIII. Fig. 3; 1, capsule, with calyptra; 2, leaf; 3, teeth :—all magnified. Gen. XXII. RACOMITRIUM, Bridel. Peristomium simplex; dentes 10, bi-trifidi; crura nunc filiformia, longissima, ad basin usque libera, nune breviora, lineari-subulata, inegualia, irregulariter coalita. Capsula in pedicello strictiusculo exserta, elliptica oblongave, levis, ore angustata, annulata. Opereulum conico-subulatum. Calyptra conico-mitre- formis, ad apicem subulata, basi membranacea pluries fissa, apice solida, papillosa, operculum tegens.— Florescentia dioica. Folia evanidinervia, carinata, margine recurvo. Reticulatio ex areolis superne gua- dratis vel elongato-sinuosis, inferne longioribus, angustis, valde sinuosis. Habitus a Grimmoideo ad Hyp- noideum Zransitionem metiens. Habitatio terrestris et rupestris. 1. DRYPTODON.— Plante dichotome ramose, innovationibus simplicibus, fastigiatis. l. Racomitrium (Dryptodon) crispulum (Hook. fil. e& Wils. Fl. Antarct. 124. t. 57. f. 9); foliis erecto-patentibüs subrecurvis ovato-oblongis acuminatis carinatis margine basi reflexa apice subdiaphanis, - nervo continuo, seta perbrevi, capsula elliptico-oblonga, operculo conico-subulato, peristomii dentibus bifidis siccitate reflexis.—/F/. N. Zeal. p. 19. Var. 1; foliis brevioribus muticis. Var. 2; foliis longioribus muticis. Haz. Var.l. On trap rocks near Glen Leith, rare. On stones near Lake Echo, J. D. H. Var. 2. St. Patrick's River. (Gunn, 1608, 1627, 21.) Rocks: North and South Huon. (Oldfield, 62.) On rocks and stones: rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Disrris. Antarctic Islands, New Zealand. 2. RACOMITRIUM.— Plante irregulariter ramose, ramulis brevibus, innovationibus haud fastigiatis. 2. Racomitrium symphyodon (Grimmia, C. Mueller, Syn. Musc. i. 809) ; caule gracili elongato, ramulis subfasciculatis gracilibus, foliis patentibus subsecundis siccitate erectis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis hyaline apiculatis margine inferne recurvis, perichetialibus acutiusculis, capsula in pedunculo flavido tenuis- simo breviusculo cylindriea microstoma, peristomii dentibus brevibus cruribus coherentibus, calyptra apice scabriuscula.— R. fasciculare, var. 2 and 3, Hook. fil. et Wils. in Fl. Antarct. p. 96. Grimmia VOL. II. 9A 182 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. emersa, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 562; conf. Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXITI. Fig. 4.) Has. On dry stones: at the back of Hobarton, J. D. H. On rocks: the Falls, Archer. Mount Wellington, Mossman. Disrris. Hermite Island, Cape Horn. Prate CLXXIII. Fig. 4; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule and operculum; 4, ditto, with operculum removed ; 5, teeth; 6, calyptra :—all magnified. 3. Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw. Musc. Frond. ii. 70. t. 25); caule fasciculatim ramoso, foliis patentibus subsecundis lanceolato-acuminatis in pilum plus minus elongatum hyalinum flaccidum productis sulcatis margine recurvis, areolis superne quadratis, capsula elliptico-cylindracea et obovato- oblonga microstoma, peristomii dentibus profunde bifidis. Var. B. alopecurum ; foliis brevipilis, capsula minori brevi-pedicellata. (Gunn, 1627 4.) (Oldfield.) Var. y. gracilescens; foliis obtusis. (Gunn, 1627 a.) Haz. On stones and rocks, abundant, Gunn, Oldfield, etc. DisrarB. Europe, Falkland Islands, New Zealand. 4. Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw. Musc. Frond. iii. 3. t. 2); caule elato fasciculatim ramoso, foliis patentibus recurvis elongatis lanceolato-acuminatis apicem versus membranaceo-marginatis papillosis eroso-dentatis et appendiculatis in pilum hyalinum productis, capsula in pedicello breviusculo scabro mi- nuta ovata, peristomii dentibus in crura filiformia bipartitis. Var. pruinosum ; foliis apice inciso-serratis valde incanis. Has. Mount Wellington. (Barren specimens.) (Gunn, 20, 1580.) Disrris. Falkland Islands, Fuegia, New Zealand, and all parts of the world, Tribe IX. ENCALYPTEE. Gen. XXIII. ENCALYPTA, Schreb. Calyptra longe cylindrico-campanulata, apice subulata, firma, capsulam omnino tegens. Peristomium nullum, simplex, v. duplex; externum, dentes 16, subulati; internum, membrana tenera dentibus adglu- tinata in cilia producta. Capsula cylindrica, erecta. Operculum longirostre. 1. Encalypta vulgaris (Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 60); foliis ligulatis evanidinerviis, capsula plerumque - gymnostoma, calyptra ad capsule collum vel infra producta basi integra. Var. 8. obtusa ; foliis muticis obtusis. Haz. On banks? A scrap only, growing with Tortula pungens and T. Australasia. (Lyall.) (Gunn.) DisrarB. Europe. 2. Encalypta australis (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ monoica, Æ. vulgari simillima, foliis inferioribus ligularibus, comalibus subelliptico-spathulatis obtusiusculis nervo percurrente dorso apice parce denticulato seabrove margine ob papillarum prominentiam erosula, theca cylindrica levi gymnostoma oper- culo subulato subzequilonga, calyptra apice leevi.” Has. Near the Cataract, Launceston, and on the fossiliferous limestone near Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. Differs from E. vulgaris in the less rounded apices of its leaves, and smooth point of the calyptra.— Mitten, l.c. Musei, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 183 Tribe X. ORTHOTRICHEE. Gen. XXIV. MACROMITRIUM, Bridel. Peristomium duplex vel simplex, interdum 0; externum intus sub ore capsule adnatum, dentes 16, per paria plus minus approximati, plani, lanceolati ; internum, membrana multifida lacera. Calyptra conico- mitreeformis, longitudinaliter plicata sulcatave, basi haud appendiculata, inferne in plures lacinias partita, glabra vel pilosa. Capsula ovata, basi attenuata, vix apophysata, zequalis, erecta, exannulata, longipedun- culata, pachyderma, ore siccitate sepius plicis octo contracta. Opereulum rectum, rostratum.—Folia mul- tifaria, lanceolato-oblonga ; areolis minimis, circularibus, punctiformibus. Caulis repens; surculis erectis, confertis. 1. Macromitrium microstomum (Hook. et Grev. Brewst. Ed. Journ. Sc. v. p. 114. t. 4) ; foliis patulis subincurvis ligulato-lanceolatis obtusis apiculatis papillosis siccitate crispatis laxe areolatis nervo rubello, capsula ovali levi apice plieato, calyptra pilosiuscula. Has. Hobarton, etc.; rocks, at an altitude of 1400 feet, (J. D. H.) (Gunn, 29.) DIsTRIB. New Zealand. 2. Macromitrium Reinwardti (Schwegr. Suppl. ii. p. 69. t. 173); monoicum, foliis patentibus incurviusculis siccitate crispulis e basi lanceolata anguste acuminatis canaliculatis areolis basi elongatis superne guttulatis, pericheetialibus late lanceolatis acuminatis excurrentinerviis, capsula in pedunculo elon- gato ovata brevicolla laevi ore plicata, peristomii dentibus 16 angustis, calyptra SS Ha». (Specimen very scanty and imperfect. — (Gunn.) DISTRIB. Java. 3. Macromitrium pusillum (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); “ dioicum?, M. microstomo simillimum, foliis siccitate spiraliter tortis madore patentibus lineari-lanceolatis apice breviter apiculatis nervo fusco sub apice evanido carinatis integerrimis cellulis basi angustis elongatis superioribus rotundatis diametro circiter 4; unciee metientibus breviter papillosis distinctis, perichzetialibus internis brevioribus ovatis acuminatis, theca in pedunculo circiter trilineari ovali plicata, ore intensiore colorato, calyptra nuda." (Tas. CLXXIII. Fig. 5.) | Has. On stones: Cataract Hill, Archer. Leaves longer and narrower than those of M. microstomum, with cells far larger, those of the last-named species having a diameter of 44,4 of an inch. Mitten, 1. c.—PrATz CLXXIII. Fig. 5; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule ; 4, calyptra :—all magnified. 4. Macromitrium Archeri (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ M. hemitrichodi simillimum, foliis siccitate tortis subcrispatis madore patentibus inferne ellipticis inde lanceolatis obtusiusculis nervo excurrente carinatis brevissime apiculatis margine minutissime eroso cellulis basi pro spatio brevi elongatis mox in rotundatis transeuntibus papillosis apicem versus obscurioribus, pericheetialibus brevioribus duplo latioribus acutis, theca in pedunculo tri-quadrilineari elongato ovali sub ore intensiore colorato plicata, peristomio nullo ?, operculo subulato, calyptra nuda.” (Tas. CLXXIII. Fig. 6.) Haz. On trees: Cheshunt, Archer. On dead branches of trees: Kermandie Rivulet, O/dfield. Fulvous. In size and general appearance scarcely different from M. hemitrichodes, to which, at least in part, belongs M. amoenum, Hornsch., according to authentic specimens, but in the present the leaves, although agreeing in form, have their cells more widely separated, rather larger, and not obscure, as in M. hemitrichodes, in which too the leaves are smoother. Mitten, l.e.—Pıate CLXXIII. Fig. 6; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule and calyptra; 4, ditto, with operculum :—all magnified. 184 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. 5. Macromitrium microphyllum (Hook. et Grev. in Brewst. Journ. Sc. i. p. 121. t. 6); ramis filiformibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis patentibus basi carinatis bistriatis pellucidis siccitate strictis appressis, capsula ovali-oblonga subpyriformi leviter sulcata, peristomio brevissimo indiviso.— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On trees, in creeks and damp woods, Archer. DisrarB. New Zealand, Australia, South Africa. Gen. XXV. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedwig. Peristomium duplex vel simplex, rarius 0; externum intus sub ore capsulee adnatum, dentes 16, ple- rumque per paria connati, siccitate erecti, patentes vel reflexi; internum, cilia 8 vel 16. Capsula immersa vel exserta, erecta, pyriformis, collo plus minus elongato, striata, siccitate costata, exannulata. Operculum conico-rostellatum. Calyptra magna, campanulata, plicata, basi crenato-lacera, in plurimis recte pilosa.— Florescentia plerumque monoica, fl. masc. gemmaformis. Caules pulvinati, subrepentes. 1. Orthotrichum crispum (Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 162) ; foliis siccitate cirrhato-crispatis, capsula clavata sicca evacuata elongata sub ore hiante constricta sulcata fuscescente.— Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 228 Var. foliis confertis suberectis minus acutis angustinerviis, areolis laxioribus pellucidis, vaginula epilosa, seta longiori, calyptra parva. | Has. St. Patrick's River. (Gunn, 1614.) Trunks of trees: Mount Wellington, rare. (J. D. H.) Disrris. Europe. 2. Orthotrichum luteum (Mitten); “ monoicum, dense pulvinatum, fulvo-luteum, foliis siccitate crispatis madore patentibus e basi obovata concava erectiuscula lineari-lanceolatis nervo flavo sub apice evanido carinatis, cellulis basi utringue ad margines ovatis circiter guadriseriatis oblongis parallelogrammaticis hyalinis interioribus angustissimis elongatis luteis superioribus rotundis diametro A. uncie metientibus in seriebus 10-12 inter marginem et nervum in folii medio dispositis papillosis margine minute crenu- lato et, ubi basis in partem superiorem angustatur, recurvo, perichztialibus lanceolatis latioribus, vaginula ` glabra, theca in pedunculo vix duplo longiore ovali-cylindrica plicata, collo elongato crassiusculo, operculo convexo brevi-rostrato, peristomii dentibus 8 bigeminatis ciliis 8 angustis tertio brevioribus, calyptra ramentis exstantibus elongatis pilosa." —Ulota lutea, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On trees: rivulet behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Mount Wellington, Mossman. Distris. New Zealand. Corresponding in size with O. crispum, but with leaves of a different form at the base, erose margins, and cells in the upper portion larger and further apart. The capsule is also thinner.—Mitten, 1. c. 9. Orthotrichum Tasmanicum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 27. t. 1. f. C); foliis patulis subrecurvis siccitate suberectis vix crispis lanceolato-subulatis margine reflexis, seta longiuscula gracili, capsula elliptica oblonga siccitate striata, peristomii interni ciliis 8 latissimis carinatis integris conni- ventibus, calyptra pallida nitida pilosiuscula, vaginula pilosa. Has. On twigs of bushes and decal wood: Launceston. (Gunn, 1629.) Johnny’s Creek, New Norfolk, and Hobarton. (Oidfield, 215, 273.) (Mossman.) Falls Run, Archer. 4, Orthotrichum Lawrencei (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. ); “monoicum, habitu staturaque O. leptocarpi, foliis patentibus e basi late ovali breviter late lanceolatis acutis nervo sub summo apice Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 185 evanido carinatis marginibus superne erosulis inferne incurvis cellulis omnibus conformibus minutis rotun- dis minute papillosis, pericheetialibus caulinis similibus, internis basi cellulis paucis longioribus, theca in pedunculo dimidio breviore sensim attenuata elliptico-cylindracea siccitate ovali-cylindrica fere ad basin plicata, operculo brevi-rostellato, peristomio dentibus 8 flavidis siccitate reflexis, ciliis 8 latis colore struc- turaque dentibus simulantibus.” (Tas. CLXXIL Fig. 5.) Han. Tasmania, Lawrence. From O. leptocarpum, B. and S., this species differs in the firmer plicate capsule and acute leaves; from O. Tas- manicum and O. speciosum, Nees, in the very much wider leaves, not patent or divergent from a suberect base, having elongated narrow cells, but uniform in their direction throughout their length, and composed of cells every- where minute and round. The cilia, like those of O. Tasmanicum, agree in substance, size, and colour with the teeth of the external peristome. The calyptra has not been seen. Mitten, l.c.—Prarg CLXXII. Fig. 5; 1, leaf; 2, theca; 3, peristome : —all magnified. Tribe XI. ZYGoDoNTER. Gen. XXVI. ZYGODON, Hook. Peristomium duplex, simplex, vel 0; externum, dentes 16, per paria connexi, plani, siccitate reflexi; internum, cilia 8 vel 16, dentibus alternantia, linearia, hyalina, horizontalia, Capsula erecta, clavato- pyriformis, striata, pedicellata vel immersa, exannulata. Operculum oblique rostratum. Calyptra cuculli- formis, obliqua. e a. Folia integra. * Peristomium simplex. |l. Zygodon anomalus (Dz. et Molkb. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1844, p. 316) ; hermaphroditus, caule humili parce ramuloso flavido-viridi, foliis recurvo-patentibus undulato-flexuosis siccitate laxe crispato-contortis oblongo-lanceolatis carinatis margine subplanis nervo in apiculum breve excurrente, perichetialibus brevio- ribus lanceolato-acuminatis erectis, capsula in pedicello luteo-rubello flexuoso erecta subpyriformi-ovali sulcata siccitate ore contracta pallide fusca, operculo conico-rostrato incurvo breviori, peristomio simplici interno.—Z. Reinwardti, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Gully near the Huon, on decayed wood, with — inclinans. (Oldfield, 288.) On trees: Stackhouse Falls, 4rcher. Disrris. Java. Plant 3 inch in height. Seta 4 inch. Capsule larger than usual, almost elliptical-oblong, pale. Opereulum pale-yellow. Calyptra reddish-brown, large, reaching above halfway down the capsule, substriate, coriaceous. Peristome very fugacious. 2. Zygodon intermedius (Bruch et Schimp. Br. Eur. iv. p. 9); dioicus, caule gracilente elatiore subramoso, foliis laxis erecto-patentibus lanceolato-lingulatis acutiusculis, peristomio simplici interno 8-ciliato.—Z. conoideus, 8 elongatus, Hook. et Grev. Brewst. Journ. Sc. 132. Z. Menziesii, Taylor. Has. On trees? (Lawrence, 24). (Spence and Neil.) Cheshunt, Archer; Mount Wellington, Mossman. * DrsrarB. New Zealand. oe ** Peristomium duplex. 3. Zygodon Brownii (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 317 b) ; dioicus, caule ramoso fastigiato, foliis squar- rosis oblongis acutis, peristomio duplici. VOL. II. 9 B 186 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Has. Common on rocks, bark of trees, etc., throughout the Island, DrisrarB. New Zealand. 4. Zygodon minutus (C. Mueller et Hampe, Plant. Muell. in Linnea, 1855, p. 209); “dioicus, dense czespitosus, humilis, flavescens, caule tenello brevissimo densifolio innovando subramoso, foliis cau- linis dense imbricatis madore et siccitate strictis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis carinatis margine convexis nervo valido flavido excurrente, e cellulis rotundatis incrassatis lzevibus basi paucis laxis parenchy- maticis areolatis, perichzetialibus angustioribus, theca in pedicello brevi tenero flavido erecta pyriformi-ovali operculo conico obliquo aeuminato instructa octo-sulcata, peristomii dentibus exterioribus arcte conjunctis brevissimis 16-geminatis, ciliis 8 internis in membrana tenerrima reticulata.”— Mitten, in lit. Has. On trees, Gunn. DisrRiB. Australia. Similar to Z. Menziesii (Oodonoblepharum), Schwaegr., but easily distinguished by the excurrent nerve of its more sharply pointed leaves and different peristome. Mitten, J. c. b. Folia dentata. 9. Zygodon cyathicarpus (Montagne, Ann. Sc. Nat. Cent. v. p. 30, et Fl. Chil. Crypt. 132. t. 3. f. 1); monoicus, foliis patentibus subrecurvis lineari-lanceolatis acutis carinatis remote dentatis siccitate crispato-tortuosis, perichetialibus capsulam superantibus, seta perbrevi, capsula cyathiformi gymnostoma striata, operculo convexo oblique rostellato.—Gymnostomum linearifolium, Zaylo», in Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 42. Didymodon cyathicarpus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Var.; foliis siceitate minus crispatis pellueidinerviis, areolis majoribus guadratis. Has. On the ground: Dromedary, New Norfolk. (Oldfield, 139.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. South America, New Zealand, South Africa. Gen. XXVII. CODONOBLEPHARUM, Schwagr. Peristomium duplex; externum Zygodontis; internum, cilia 16, e membrana basilari brevissima in campanule formam elevata. Cadyptra cuculliformis. 1. Codonoblepharum Menziesii (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 137); caule erecto subdiviso fastigiatim ramoso, foliis confertis erectiusculis lingulatis integerrimis solidinerviis, capsula pyriformi infra orem con- tracta suleata, operculo conico-rostellato.—Zygodon Drummondii, Taylor, MSS. 7. Menziesii, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On the bark of trees; on the ground, near the sea. (Gwmm.) (Oldfield, 290.) On trees, in open ground, and in the forests. Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand, Australia. + Tribe XII. Bevacza. Gen. XXVIII. LEPTOSTOMUM, R. Brown. Peristomium simplex, membranaceum, demum annulare, subdivisum, e membrana interiore ortum. Capsula clavato-pyriformis, suberecta vel cernua, longipedunculata. Opereulum brevissimum, subconicum. Calyptra cucullata.—Florescentia dioica : fl. masc. terminalis, capituliformis. Caules dense cespitosi, radi- culoso-tomentosi. Folia ovato-lanceolata, pilifera, crassinervia, areolis circularibus. l. Leptostomum inclinans (R. Br. in Linn. Trans. x. p. 321. t. 23); foliis erecto-patentibus laxius = Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 187 imbricatis ovato-oblongis obtusis piliferis siccitate erectis margine reflexis, capsula inclinata obovato-clavata, operculo conico-hemispherico.—Schwegr. Suppl. t. 218. Gymnostomum inclinans, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 168. L. flexipile, C. Mueller; conf. Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On moist rocks: top of Grass-tree Hill, etc., near Hobarton. (Gunn, 22, 1586.) (J. D. H.) (Lawrence, 259.) (Oldfield.) Cheshunt, Archer. Distri. New Zealand. 2. Leptostomum macrocarpum (R. Br. l.c. p. 322); foliis elliptico-oblongis subobovatis con- cavis margine revolutis pilo ramoso terminatis, capsula erecta ovato-oblonga microstoma, operculo obtuse conico.—Bryum macrocarpon, Hedw. Muse. Frond. iii. t. 10. Has. Mount Wellington, R. Neill. DisrgiB. Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia. Gen. XXIX. LEPTOTHECA, Schwegr. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, lanceolato-lineares, erecti; internum, membrana tenera in cilia totidem linearia cum ciliorum interpositorum rudimentis fissa. Capsula cylindrica, erecta, sequalis. Calyptra dimidiata. l. Leptotheca Gaudichaudi (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 137); caule erecto ramosiusculo, foliis laxis patulo-erectis oblongis e nervo excurrente cuspidatis grosse dentatis, capsula erecta angustata cylindrica.— Aulacomnion Gaudichaudii, Mitten, in Kew Miscel. 1857, p. 262 ; idem in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On moist rocks: Mount Wellington. Johnny's Creek, Dry Hill, Back River. (O/dfield, 226, 136.) (J. D. H., 1335.) DistTrIB. Australia. : Inflorescence certainly dioicous (contr. Schwegr.). Perichetial leaves longer and narrower than the rest. Annulus large, adhering to the mouth of the capsule. Outer peristome pale-yellow, erect. Gen. XXX. MNIOPSIS, Mitten. Acrocarpica. Folia cellulis hexagonis areolata. Peristomium externum dentibus 16, internum pro- cessibus alternantibus in membrana exsertis. Calyptra mitreformis, parva. 1. Mniopsis Plumula (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ dioica, gregaria, caulibus simplicibus erectis inferne foliis minutis remotis superne majoribus in caule fertili horizontaliter insertis patentibus ovatis, comalibus perichztialibusve ligulatis obtusis in caule sterili distichaceis verticalibus oblongo-ovatis acutis obtusisve patentibus decurrentibus omnibus integerrimis nervo sub apice evanido, cellulis hexagonis limitibus crassiusculis, theca in pedunculo bilineari gracili ovali-cylindrica eeguali, operculo subulato recto, peristomio externo dentibus longissimis angustis rubris siccitate incurvis cirrhatisque interno processibus ciliiformibus brevibus in membrana brevi exserta, flore masculo feminei simili in caulium apicibus parvo capituliforme, antheridiis minutis brevibus, paraphysibus nullis." (Tan. CLXXIII. Fig. 7.) Has. Below the quarry, Ovens Creek, Archer; sent also in a barren state by Mr. Oldfield. Stems from one-fourth to half an inch high, dull-green, considerably resembling some small species of Fissidens ; its affinity is however to Schistostega, with which it agrees in the vertical insertion of the leaves of its barren stems, but recedes in the presence of a rather stout nerve and the regular hexagonal cells. In the structure of its peristome it approaches to Aulacomnion. The calyptra is smaller in proportion than that of Tetraphis or Tetrodontium. Mitten, l. c. —Pıare CLXXIII. Fig. 7; 1-3, plants; 4, leaf; 5, capsule; 6, peristome :—all magnified. 188 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Gen. XXXI. ORTHODONTIUM, Schwegr. Peristomium duplex, infra capsule orificium oriens ` externum, dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, siccitate infra orificium seepe inflexi; ¿nternum, cilia 16, dentibus alternantibus, e basi brevi subcarinata dilatata filiformia. Capsula clavato-pyriformis, in pedicello tenui suberecta vel cernua, exannulata, symmetrica, leptoderma, laxe areolata. Opereulum breve, conico-rostellatum. Calyptra parvula, cuculliformis, fugax. —Musci graciles, cespitosi, habitu Dreis angustifoliis affines. Florescentia monoica ; fl. masc. yemmaformes, axillares, sepius aggregati. Folia longiuscula, lineari lanceolata, tenuia, laze areolata ; areolis subparal- lelogrammaticis, evanidinerviis. 1. Orthodontium australe (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 106. t. 153. f. 5); caule ramoso fastigiato humili, foliis erecto-patentibus subrecurvis anguste linearibus subflexuosis nervo subcontinuo, capsula suberecta oblonga brevicolla, operculo rostellato. Has. On dead timber: Kangaroo Bottom. On dry trunks of trees: Mount Wellington, elev. 2000 feet. Back River, Brown's River. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 134, 227, 225, 330.) On dead trees: West-end rivulet, Archer. Distris. Falkland Islands, Hermite Island. Gen. XXXII. LEPTOBRYUM, Br. et Schimp. Peristomium Bryi. Capsula in pedicello elongato tenaci flexuoso inclinata vel pendula, e collo longo angusto subito inflato-ovalis, leptoderma, vernicoso-nitida, luteo-rufa, sicca ore contracta, annulata. Oper- culum convexum, apiculatum. Calyptra perangusta. Flores hermaphroditi.—Plante simplices, ex infima basi innovantes. Folia media lanceolata, costata, summa in comam polyphyllam congesta, longissima, e basi . lanceolata longe et flexuose subulata, costa lata maximam partem lamine occupante excedente. l. Leptobryum pyriforme (Br. et Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 355).—Bryum pyriforme, Hedw. Hist. Muse. i. t. 9. f. 12. Webera pyriformis, Hedw. Muse. Frond. t. 3. Hap. Back River Gully, on rotten wood, with Ceratodon purpureus. (Oldfield, 312.) Disrris. Europe, Asia, America. Gen. XXXIII. BRACHYMENIUM, Hooker. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, lanceolato-lineares; ¿nternum, membrana plicata brevis, apice dilacerato in cilia sexdecim irregulariter fissa. Calyptra cuculliformis. Capsula clavato-pyriformis, egualis, annulata, suberecta. 1. Brachymenium lanceolatum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; monoicum, caule breviusculo, innovationi- bus crassiusculis, foliis erecto-patentibus flaccidis siccitate subflexuosis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis cari- natis integerrimis laxe pellucide areolatis nervo continuo, seta longa, capsula suberecta ovali-pyriformi brevicolla, operculo conico brevi. (Tas. CLXXIII. Fig. 8.) Has.? (Specimen scanty.) (Gunn.) Very like Acidodontium Kunthii, Hsch., but differing in the inflorescence.— Leaves twice as long, with larger areole, yellowish. Capsule shorter. Teeth of the peristome pale, gradually tapering, trabeculate externally. Inner peristome nearly as long as the outer. Annulus yellow, adhering to the mouth of the capsule. Male and female ‚Flower contiguous. Seta red.—Prare CLXXIII. Fig. 8; 1 and 2, leaves ; 3, capsule; 4, peristome :—all mag- nified. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 189 Gen. XXXIV. MIELICHHOFERIA, Hornsch. Pructificatio in ramulis brevibus secundariis nonnunquam ad plantee basin nascentibus terminalis. Peristomium plerumque simplex, rarius duplex vel nullum ; externum sepius nullum ; infernum, cilia 16, articulata, pallida, subplana, in membrana basilari brevi posita, vel libera. Capsula pyriformis, cernua, an- nulata. Calyptra cucullata.—Florescentia synoica, monoica, vel dioica. 1. Mielichhoferia Eckloni (Hsch. in Linn. 1841, p. 118) ; monoica, caule fertili subbasilari brevis- simo, innovationibus simplieibus erectis elatis basi nudis superne dense foliosis, foliis suberectis lanceolatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis planiusculis apice serrulatis evanidinerviis, perichetialibus minoribus erectis, seta elongata, capsula cernua obovato-pyriformi hinc gibba, peristomio duplici.—Schizhymenium bryoides, Harvey, in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 202; Schwagr. Suppl. t. 317. Has. On the ground: Gullies Road, Brown's River. (Oldfield.) (Gunn, 25 b.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. South Africa. Some of the Cape of Good Hope specimens, though not in good condition, distinetly show a double peristome. — Outer teeth sixteen, imperfect. Inner peristome sixteen filiform cilia connected occasionally at the top by tra- beculee, and united at the base into a narrow membrane. Annulus large. Gen. XXXV. BRYUM, Dillen. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, «equidistantes, simplices, lanceolati, dorso linea longitudi- nali exarati, intus transversim lamellati, valde hygroscopici, sicci incurvi ; internum, membrana in processus 16 carinatos cum dentibus alternantes fissa, ciliis filiformibus interjectis, dentibus oppositis vel nullis. Capsula pyriformis vel clavata, pendula vel inclinata, collo brevissimo vel elongato, plerumque annulata. Operculum convexum, apiculatum, breve.—Florescentia dioica, monoica, vel synoica ; antheridia paraphysi- bus filiformibus immiata. Folia ovata, lanceolata, plerumque integra, costata, cellulis rhomboideis. Caules perennes, cespitosi, innovationibus simplicibus cauli similibus proliferi. E $ 1. WEBERA.— Plante graciles, simplices, e basi innovantes. Folia lanceolata, superiora multo longiora. 1. Bryum nutans (Schreb. Fl. Lips. p. 81) ; monoicum, caule breviusculo, foliis superioribus elon- gato-lanceolatis apice serratis inferioribus ovato-lanceolatis integerrimis, capsula nutante vel pendula ob- longo-pyriformi, operculo majusculo convexo papillato, antheridiis in foliorum perichetialium axillis per paria insertis.— Bzyol. Europ. t. 347. Has. Western Mountains. (Gunn, 1588.) Mount Wellington. (Oldfield, 306, 126.) Roadside, Splitters Hill, Archer. Disrrts. Lord Auckland's Group, Hermite Island, North Asia, America, Europe. $ 2. BRYUM.— Plante sub apice prolifero innovantes. : a. Flores synoice (2 et Z immitis). 2. Bryum intermedium (Web. et Mohr, Bot. Tasch. 283) ; foliis ovato- oblongo- et elongato-lan- ceolatis nervo excedente longius cuspidatis apice subdenticulatis margine recurvis, capsula clavato-pyriformi incurviuscula sicca sub ore haud coarctata, operculo acuto persistente.—Bruch et Schimp. Bryol. Europ. Has. Turf-banks: Glen Leith, J. D. H. Distris. New Zealand ?, Europe. VOL, II. 190 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. 3. Bryum Tasmanicum (Hampe, De Plant. Muell. Linnea, 1852) ; synoicum, caule humili cespi- toso, foliis elliptico-lanceolatis nervo excurrente in acuminem subpiliformem producto marginibus integerri- mis recurvis, theca in pedunculo elongato nutante ovali collo «quilonga.—Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. South Esk River, Mossman. Habitus B. pallescentis sed hermaphroditum ; a B. bimo differt, foliis longioribus, magis acuminatis, nervo longe excurrente.—Hampe. Mr. Archer’s specimens are too old to show the true structure of the internal peristome, but it appears to be that of Pohlia.—Mitten, in lit. 4. Bryum bimum (Schreb.) ; hermaphroditum, foliis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis carinatis margine reflexis nervo excurrente mucronatis siccitate subtortilibus, capsula pendula obovato- igi, operculo majusculo convexo mamillato.— 77. N. Zeal. p. 85; Mitten, in lit. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. DistriB. New Zealand, Europe, North America. 5. Bryum torquescens (Br. et Schimp. Bryol. Europ. t. 358) ; foliis caulinis et ramulinis remotis elongato-lanceolatis complicato-carinatis margine reflexis subflexuosis, comalibus confertis ex ovato oblongo- lanceolatis concavis omnibus integris (limbo perangusto nervo in cuspidem levem excedente) siccitate arcte contortis, capsula elongato-obconica subincurva rufo-brunnea, operculo lato mamillato purpureo nitido. Has. Western Mountains. (Gunn, 1588, 1701.) Cheshunt, Archer. Mount Wellington, Mossman. (Specimens few and imperfect.) Disrgis. New Zealand, Australia, Europe, South Africa. b. Florescentia dioica. 6. Bryum rubiginosum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caule elongato rigidulo, foliis laxis erecto-patentibus apice recurvis siccitate crispis subtortis ellipticis acutiusculis decurrentibus pellucide areolatis evanidinerviis margine inferne reflexis. (Tas. CLXXIIT. Fig. 9.) Haz. In wet places? (Guan, 1667.) (Barren specimens only.) . Stem 1-2 inches long or more, bright-red. Leaves distant, yellowish-green, membranous. — Resembling B. Duvalii (Bryol. Europ.), but differing in the form of the leaf. —PrarE CLXXLII. Fig. 9; 1, portion of stem and leaf; 2, leaf :—both magnified. . Bryum blandum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 134. t. 60. f. 1); foliis erecto-patentibus imbricatis ovali-oblongis obtusis concavis integerrimis laxe reticulatis tenuinerviis, capsula clavato-pyriformi cernua. Var. B. luridum. Has. (Scanty and imperfect specimen.) (Gunn.) Disrgis. New Zealand, Antarctic Islands. 8. Bryum levigatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 109. t. 154. f. 3); caule longiusculo inferne radieulis atro-purpureis tomentoso, foliis erecto-patentibus imbricatis ovatis obtusiusculis concavis integerrimis subcoriaceis subsolidinerviis siccitate erectis subappressis, capsula ovato-oblonga pendula, oper- culo conico-obtuso. Has. On wet rocks? (Lawrence.) ER 1588.) Cheshunt, 4rcher. Disreıs. Antarctic Islands, Fuegia. 9. Bryum argenteum (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1586); foliis imbricatis late ovalibus apiculatis concavis laxe arcolatis integerrimis seminerviis albido-sericeis, capsula pendula ex ovali oblonga. —Bryol. Europ. t. 384. Musei, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 191 Var. niveum ; innovationibus obtusis, foliis arcte imbricatis niveis brevissime apiculatis submuticis, perichzetialibus longioribus acuminatis. Has. Surrey Hills. (Gunn, 1615.) Distris. All parts of the world. 10. Bryum clavatum (Hook. fil. e& Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 84. t. 85. f. 3); foliis erecto-patentibus incurvis elliptico-lanceolatis subcoriaceis concavis nervo crasso excurrente cuspidatis, seta breviuscula, cap- sula clavato-oblonga arcuata majuscula subpendula, operculo subconico. Has. On the ground. (Gunn.) Disrris. New Zealand. ll. Bryum capillare (Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 182) ; foliis patentibus siccitate contortis ovato-oblongis vel obovatis concavis in apiculum longiusculum subpiliformem productis nervo sub apice evanido vel sub- excurrente margine reflexis, capsula cernua vel pendula clavato-pyriformi subarcuata sicca sub ore vix angustata, operculo mamillato.— Br. et Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 368. Has. On rocks. (O/dfield.) (Specimens few and imperfect.) Distrıe. All parts of the world. 12. Bryum obconicum (Hornsch. in Bryol. Eur. t. 367) ; foliis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis nervo excurrente cuspidatis submarginatis apice serrulatis siecitate vix tortilibus margine reflexis subcarinatis, capsula subpendula clavata longicolla, operculo convexo mamillato. Has. Circular Head. (Gunn, 1701.) (Specimen small and imperfect.) DisrRis. New Zealand, Europe. 13. Bryum pachytheca (C. Mueller, Syn. Musc. i. 307) ; dioicum, caule humili, foliis lato-ovali- acuminatis concavis nervo crasso excurrente cuspidatis margine subplanis, capsula in pedicello breviusculo subito pendula ventricoso-ovali basi rotundata torosa rugulosa atro-purpurea, operculo breviusculo subconico. —R. balanoides, Zay?. MSS. (Gunn, 23, 1621 b.) (Oldfield, 56.) Var. 8; foliis angustioribus, nervo crassiore. (Gunn, 25.) Var. y. inflatum; foliis subrotundis valde concavis apice incurvis. (Oldfield, 56.) Has. Dry earth: Macquarrie Plains, J. D. H. Hospital Bay Hill, South Huon. Grass-tree Hill, with var. y. Cultivated soil: Mount Richmond, Gunz, Oldfield, ete. DistriB. Australia, New Zealand. i Very like B. a Wahl., in general aspect and size.— Leaves not recurved in the margin. ` erte | stronger, more excurrent, red. Capsule more like that of B. coronatum, Schweegr. 14. Bryum cespiticium (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1586) ; foliis caulinis remotis parvulis lanceolatis, comali- bus majoribus in gemmam subimbricatam confertis rarius patentibus siccitate erectis subappressis ovato- et oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis exeurrentinerviis margine reflexis, capsula inclinata et pendula elongato- pyriformi fusca.— Bryol. Eur. t. 384. ——— Et Var. crinitum ; foliis subpiliferis, seta longiori, capsula oblonga. Haz. Dry ground: Hobarton. (Guan, 24.) (J. D. H.) Port Sorrell, Archer. (Specimens few and immature.) 5» : Disrris. Europe, Africa, America, Antarctic Islands, Fuegia. Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 86. t. 86. f. 1); caule longiusculo rigidulo a B se ( D Ly D D .. LJ * . . . . ne foliis minutis vestitis, foliis erectis arcte imbricatis siccitate ramoso tomentoso, ramis apice tumidis infer 192 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. appressis substriatis concavis ovato-oblongis coriaceis acutis solidinerviis margine reflexis apice subintegris, capsula pendula oblongo-pyriformi, operculo conico-apiculato. Has. Woods on Mount Wellington. Moist rocks: New Country, and Risden, J. D. H. Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. . 16. Bryum Billardieri (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 76); foliis superioribus in rosulam congestis patenti- bus apice recurvis siccitate crispato-undulatis erectis obovato-oblongis acutiusculis immarginatis apice ser- ratis nervo subexcurrente apiculatis margine inferne reflexis, seta crassiuscula apice in collo arcuato, cap- sulee subito desinente, capsula nutante clavato-pyriformi arcuata, operculo subconico. : Has. Moist places, in woods, J. D. H. Yorktown. (Gunn, 1585.) Cheshunt, Archer. Wellington Falls, Mossman. Disrris. New Belgium, New Zealand, Australia, Falkland Islands, South Africa, South America. 17. Bryum rufescens (Hook. fil. et Wils.); Bryo Billardieri valde affine, caule graciliori, foliis spathulatis mollioribus basi pellucide areolatis rubellis margine vix recurvis, nervo rubello, capsula clavata arcuata subpendula ore purpurascente. (Gunn, 1691.) (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 1.) Var. B. mamillatum ; foliis patentibus laxioribus, nervo longius excurrente, operculo hemisphzerico mamillato, capsula subeequali. (Lya//, 101.) (Gunn, 1585 c.) | Var. «y. brevifolium ; folis brevioribus concavis siccitate minus crispatis, pone breviori. (Gunn, 1585 2.) (Oldfield, 334.) Has. Hobarton, and near Risden, J. D. H. Var. y. By the seaside: Port Esperance. Penquite, Gunn. : Closely allied to the preceding species.—PLatE CLXXIV. Fig. 1; 1, fruiting plant; 2, leaf; 3, capsule :— all magnified. 18. Bryum truncorum (Bridel, Mant. Musc. 119); caule elongato, foliis terminalibus in rosulam congestis patentibus apice recurvis siccitate tortuosis erectis obovato-acuminatis submarginatis apice argute serratis margine inferne reflexis, nervo subexcurrente, seta elongata apice in collo arcuato capsule desinente, capsula elongato-cylindrica arcuato-nutante, operculo conico-apiculato brevi.— B. Polla-truncorum, Bridel, Br. Univ.i. 699. B. leptothecium, Taylor, MSS. Has. Damp ground: Penquite. Rivulet by Lightwood Bottom, South Huon. (Gunn, 26 a, 1585.) (Oldfield, 55, 119.) Cheshunt, Archer. On sandy ground, Mossman. Disrris. Isle de Bourbon. Gen. XXXVI. AULACOMNION, Schwagr. Peristomium Mnii. Capsula ovalis vel oblonga, subcylindracea, cernua, brevicolla, striata, siccitate sul- cata. Opereulum convexum, brevirostre.—Florescentia dioica, fl. masc. discoideus. l. Aulacomnion palustre (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 216); caule radiculis ferrugineis tomentoso, foliis flexuoso-patentibus siccitate torquatis lineali-lanceolatis margine reflexis apice eroso- o-denficulatis, capsula curvula. Var.; caule gracili, foliis minoribus acutis subintegris densius subopace areolatis siccitate valde cris- patis.— An species distincta ? Has. Formosa. (Barren specimens only, with pseudopodia.) (Gunn.) Disrris. Europe, North America, Siberia. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 193 Tribe XIII. BARTRAMIACEZA. Gen. XXXVII. BARTRAMIA, Zedw. Peristomium duplex, simplex, vel nullum; externum, dentes 16, lanceolati, leves, trabeculati, linea media exarati, sieci incurvi, rufi ; internum, membrana sedecies plicata, in dentes 16 lanceolatos carinatos latos dein in lacinias duas divergentes articulatas fissas producta, ciliis interjectis vel nullis. Capsu/a ple- rumque spheerica, microstoma, exannulata, siccitate sulcata, inclinata, erecta, vel cernua. Opereulum plano- conicum, breve. Calyptra parva, dimidiata.-—Folia angusta, rigida, serrata, costata, quadrate areolata, papillosa. § 1. BARTRAMIDULA.— Capsula gymnostoma, estriata, in pedicello arcuato horizontalis vel pendula. Florescentia monoica. Plante parvule, tenella, sub apice fertili verticillato-ramulose. l. Bartramia pusilla (G/yphocarpa, Hook. fil. et Wils. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 545); caule brevissimo gracillimo subramoso, foliis erecto-patentibus minutis ovatis acutiusculis laxe reticulatis subin- tegris margine planis evanidinerviis, perichætialibus brevibus erectis, seta apice arcuata brevi, capsula pen- dula globosa, operculo subconico planiusculo. (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 2.) Has. On rocks: near Hobarton, Lyall. Scarcely 2 lines in height, the very short stem growing from a creeping stolon. Branches few, subfasciculate, curved, slender. Leaves very small, pellucid, with a very faint nerve. Capsule reddish-brown, lined at the mouth with a faint annular membrane adherent to the apex of the columella, which closes the orifice. Spores yellow, rather large. Seta pale. Inflorescence synoicous and monoicous.—A smaller species than Bartramidula Wilsoni, Bryol. Europ., with leaves of both stem and perichætium one-third as small, without serratures. Capsule globose. —PLATE CLXXIV. Fig. 2; 1 and 2, plants in fruit ; 3, portion of stem and leaves :—all magnified. $ 2. PHILONOTIS.—Capsula peristomio instructa, striata, pachyderma. Caulis sub apice florifero fasciculato- ramosus. Florescentia monoica et dioica; fl. masc. discoideus. 2. Bartramia remotifolia (Hook. fil. et Wils.); dioica, caule humili gracili fasciculatim ramoso, ramis gracilibus brevibus subrecurvis, foliis glaucescentibus distantibus patentibus siccitate laxe crispatis lanceolato-acuminatis serrulatis margine planis nervo pellucido angusto excurrente, perichetialibus longio- ribus erectis, seta elongata crassiuscula, capsula suberecta.— Philonotis appressa, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 3.) Haz. Gullies Road, Brown's River, Oldfield. (Specimen very scanty and immature.) On rocks: Elliott Rivulet. Rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Stem 2 inch, very slender, not thicker than the fruit-stalk. Foliage pale, glaucous, with small, dense, opaque areole. Seta nearly 1 inch long, red.—Allied to B. glauca, Arnott ; habit more slender; leaves crisped when dry.—PrAvE CLXXIV. Fig. 3; 1, portion of stem and leaves; 2, leaf :—both magnified. This appears to me to be the fertile state of B. appressa, Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 89.— Mitten, in lit. 3. Bartramia tenuis (Taylor, in Phytol. 1544, p. 1095); dioica, caule gracili apice fasciculatim ramoso, ramis gracilibus flexuosis, foliis laxis patentibus secundis anguste lanceolatis serrulatis margine planis nervo longe excurrente dorso spinuloso acuminatis, pericheetialibus sda acuminatis erectis, seta longiuscula gracili, capsula inclinata, peristomii interni processibus elongatis apice connexis, flore masculo capituliformi, foliis. perigonialibus apice patenti-incurvis longe acuminatis serrulatis. (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 4.) Has. Deep Gully, Mount Wellington, near springs, Oldfield. VOL. II. 9D 194 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Musci, by W. Wilson. DistriB. Norfolk Island, New Zealand (ide Taylor). Closely allied to B. mollis (Dz. and Molk. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1844, ii. 300).—Leaves less crowded, more patent, of laxer texture; areols larger, rectangular, flexuose at the apex; margin not reflexed ; serratures larger and more distant, less evidently in a double series. — The specimens are too few to admit of more than one capsule being examined, but if the character of the inner peristome prove constant, it will be a good mark of the species.— Prate CLXXIV. Fig. 4; 1, portion of stem and leaves; 2, leaf; 3, capsule :—all magnified. This I take to be the B. uncinata, Schweegr., of Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 89.— Mitten, in lit. 4. Bartramia affinis (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 176); dioica, caule tomentoso parce fasciculato-ramoso, foliis erecto-patentibus strictis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis subintegris basi subplicatis margine anguste recurvis nervo crassiusculo longe excurrente, pericheetialibus minoribus erectis, seta breviuscula, capsula subpendula oblonga subpyriformi sulcata, operculo conico. Has. Moist ground, frequent. Goat Hill, New Norfolk. Back River Gully. Kangaroo Bottom. Mount Wellington. (J. D. H.) (Gunn, 1627, 1683.) (Oldfield, 149, 153, 280.) On dead timber, in exposed places: Mount Wellington, Mossman. Distris. New Zealand, Australia. $ 3. BREUTELIA.— Folia vaginantia, plicata, squarrosa. — Caulis fasciculato-ramosus. Inflorescentia dioica ; fl. mase. discoideus. : 5. Bartramia pendula (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 21); dioica, caule fasciculatim ramoso tomentoso, foliis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis longe acuminatis serrulatis striatis excurrentinerviis, seta elongata, capsula pendula oblonga sulcata.—Schwegr. Suppl. t. 239. Has. Mount Wellington, elev. 2000 feet. Mount Nelson. Brown's River. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 326.) Disrris. New Zealand, Hermite Island, Campbell’s Island. This I take to be the true B. Sieberi.— Mitten, in lit. 6. Bartramia crassa (Hook. fil. et Wils.); dioica, caule tomentoso robusto longiusculo parce vageque ramoso, foliis confertis patentibus plerumque secundis e basi ovata amplexicaule lanceolato-acumi- natis plicatis serrulatis nervo angusto subexcurrente, seta longa, capsula inclinata oblonga,—B. gigantea, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 161. (Conf. B. Sieberi, Hornsch. ; C. Mueller, Syn. Muse. i. 491.) (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 5.) Has. Near springs: top of Western Mountains. Mount Wellington. Creek above the Wellington Falls. (Gunn.) (Oldfield, 101, 104, 106, 111.) ! Stem 1 inch, rigid. Leaves yellowish, glossy, not crisped when dry. Seta 13 inch. Capsule large.—Allied to B. pendula; leaves more sheathing at the base, less acuminate; serratures more evident; areole narrower. The true B. gigantea (Schweegr. Suppl. t. 63) is a larger Moss, with more widely spreading leaves.—PrLATE CLXXIV. Fig. 5; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule :—all magnified. 1. Bartramia Sieberi (Hornsch. in Muscis Sieberianis, n. 131); “ dioica, caule procumbente sub- erectove ramulis brevibus fasciculatis ramoso innovante iterumque ramoso inferne dense radiculoso, foliis haud nitidis e basi brevi erectiuscula ad insertionem contracta patentibus lanceolatis estriatis nervo angusto in acuminem setaceo-pungentem excurrente marginibus serrulatis inferne recurvis cellulis omnibus elongatis angustis papillosis, pericheetialibus conformibus, theca in pedunculo rubro unciali apice flexura angusto pendula ovalis plicata, operculo depresso conico, peristomio parvo, normale?, flore masculo foliis quadruplo latioribus late ovatis patulis nervo superne evanido.” — Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 6.) Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 195 Has. Mount Wellington, J. D. H., Oldfield. Disrris. New Zealand, Sieber. Stems in all the Tasmanian specimens scarcely exceeding an inch in height; colour of the foliage yellowish- green, without gloss; leaves narrow ; cells in the upper portion elongated, everywhere distinctly papillose; alary cells few, indistinct. In all the allied species the cells of the upper portion of the leaf are shortened. Mitten, l. c. —PLaTE CLXXIV. Fig. 6; 1, leaf; 2, capsule :—both magnified. ; 8. Bartramia divaricata (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); “dioica, caule elongato inferne tomen- toso subsimplici, foliis e basi brevi caulem amplectente, cellulis hyalinis pluribus ad angulos marginum congestis, divaricatis lanceolatis plicatis papillosis margine serrulatis nervo tenui excurrente mucronatis siccitate subflaccidis, perichætialibus ovatis integerrimis nervo angustissimo, theca in pedunculo elongato horizontali oblongo-ovali, collo pyriformi attenuato, operculo conico, peristomio normali.” Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. Resembles the larger states of B. pendula, but differs in its divaricated leaves, which have, when dry, a sub- flaccid appearance, a differently formed base, and the stems almost simple. Mitten, l. c. 9. Bartramia comosa (Mitte, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ dioica, caule erecto inferne fusco tomentoso superne ramis pluribus comosis ramoso, foliis e basi breviter erecta superne dilatata utrinque ad margines seriebus pluribus cellularum hyalinarum majorum limbata inde patentibus divergentibusque sensim angustatis lanceolatis plicatis minute papillosis margine serrulatis nervo excurrente setiformi sicci- tate haud mutatis, perichetialibus minoribus ovato-lanceolatis, theca in pedunculo elongato sesquiunciali ovali inclinata plicata operculo conico peristomio normale.” (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 7.) Has. Rocks: East Creek and Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Wellington Falls, Mount Wellington, Mossman. Disrris. New Zealand. This fine species differs from all the states of B. pendula in the short, erect base of its leaves, which is widest at the point from which the superior portion is deflexed, and composed of cells which are everywhere far shorter. Mitten, l.c.—PrLATE CLXXIV. Fig. 7; 1, leaf; 2, apex of ditto; 3, capsule :—all magnified. $ 4. BARTRAMIA.— Caulis dichotome fastigiato-ramosus. Fl, masc. gemmaformis. 10. Bartramia Halleriana (Hedw. Musc. Frond. t. 40); monoica, caule elongato vage fastigiato- ramoso, foliis patentibus vel secundis siccitate laxe flexuosis e basi lata subvaginante lineari-subulatis serru- latis, capsula subglobosa brevipedicellata immersa, operculo conico.—Bryol. Europ. t. 320. B. Moss- maniana, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 552; conf. Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Near springs, and on moist rocks; abundant. Mount Wellington. St. Patrick's River. (J. D. H.) ; (Gunn, 1589, 1697.) (Oldfield, 32, 267.) On rocks: Elliott Rivulet. Rivulet behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, and in a rivulet, north side of Western Mountains, at an altitude of about 2000 feet, Archer. Mount Wellington, Mossman. DisrriB. Europe, North and South America, New Zealand. 11. Bartramia papillata (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 89. t. 86. f. 4); dioica, caule sub- ramoso, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus patulisve strictis e basi pallida obovata vaginante subulatis minu- tissime serrulatis dorso papillatis solidinerviis, seta longiuscula, capsula suberecta.—B. acerosa, Hampe, Plante Muelleriane in Linnea; fid. Mitten. Has. On rocks. (Guan, 29.) Dry Hill, Back River. Archer. (Oldfield, 228.) East side of Ovens Creek, 196 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musei, by W. Wilson. DisrgiB. New Zealand. Resembles B. ithyphylla, Brid., but differs in the inflorescence. 12. Bartramia fragilis (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); “dioica?, dense ceespitosa, caule erecto subsimplici, foliis densis fragillimis erecto-patentibus e basi appressa laxe vaginante oblonga superne paululum dilatata ibigue tenuiter hyalino-marginata laxe areolata subito subulata longe lanceolatis cellulis obscuris densis nervo percurrente margine dorsoque serrulatis, perichetialibus lanceolatis inconspicuis, theca in pedunculo breviusculo rubro globosa plicata erecta, operculo brevi conico, peristomio externo normale interno processibus brevissimis rudimentariis.” (Tas. CLXXIV. Fig. 8.) Has. On rocks: rivulet behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. DisrarB. New Zealand. More densely and compactly ceespitose than B. papillata, the subulate portion of the leaf wider, less papillose, and not so obscure. The inflorescence appears to be dioicous. The leaves are so densely congested that the vagi- nant base is not erect, but only appressed to those above it, and the slightest touch suffices to detach them from the stem. Mitten, J. c.—PrLATE CLXXIV. Fig. 8; 1, leaf; 2, capsule; 3, teeth :—all magnified. Gen. XXXVIII. CONOSTOMUM , Swartz. Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, in conum persistentem conniventes, apice con- nexi. Capsula globosa, microstoma, sulcata, exannulata. Opereulum conico-rostellatum. Calyptra bre- vissima, subulata, latere fissa. 1. Conostomum australe (Swartz, in Schrad. New Bot. Journ.) ; monoicum, caule erecto ramoso, ramis fasciculatis, foliis erectis densissime imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis nervo lato excurrente cuspidatis supremis piliferis, capsula subrotundata inclinata, operculo oblique rostellato.—Schwegr. Suppl. t. 130; Fl. Antarct. pp. 182, 411; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 87 ; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Rivulet behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Fuegia. 2. Conostomum pusillum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p- 88. t. 86. f. 2); monoicum, caule humili, foltis suberectis laxe imbricatis lanceolato-acuminatis laxe reticulatis nervo angusto excurrente subpiliferis margine reflexis duplici serie serratis, capsula inclinata demum cernua.—C. parvulum, Hampe, Plante Muelleriane in Linnea. Has. Sides of banks: Hill, Back River. On rocks. ( Oldfield, 124.) The Falls, and rivulet behind Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. DisrarB. New Zealand. Tribe XIV. Funartacez. Gen. XXXIX. PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. Peristomium nullum. Capsula erecta, pyriformis, symmetrica, exannulata. Operculum conicum. Calyptra vesiculari-cucullata.—Florescentia, habitus, ete., omnino Funariz. â E ! trium apophysatum (Tayl.in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 43); caule brevi, foliis erecto-patentibus ovatis acuminatis subserrulatis concavis evanidinerviis, seta brevi, capsula erecta clavato- pyriformi siccitate sub ore constricta.—Hoof. Jil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 91. t. 86. f. 6. Entosthodon, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 197 Has. The Hummocks, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Australia. 2. Physcomitrium laxum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. p. 399. t. 151. f. 5); “cespites laxe coheerentes, altiusculi ; caulis robustus, subelatus, laxifolius; folia caulina erecto-appressa, laxe conferta, e basi angustiore longiuscula spathulato-ovato-acuminata, integra, e cellulis magnis laxissimis lutescentibus reticulata, nervo ultra medium evanido; seta semiunciali; capsula obovata." — Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined., sub Entosthodon. Has. On stones: rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Disrrts. Kerguelen's Land, Australia. 9. Physcomitrium conicum (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ P. pyriformi simile foliisque conformibus serrulatis cellulis fere dimidio minoribus marginalibus intensiore coloratis, theca in pedunculo bilineari pyriformi, operculo depresso conico umbonato." Has. Leith's Creek, Archer. Less than the usual states of P. CR but very similar to it in appearance. —Mitten, l. c. XL. ENTOSTHODON, Schwegr. ' Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, infra capsule orificium adnati, simplices vel gemelli, lanceolati, intus trabeculati, siccitate erecti. Capsula erecta, pyriformis, symmetrica. Opercudum plano-convexum. Ca- lyptra vesiculari-cucullata.—Florescentia, habitus, ete., Funarie. 1. Entosthodon gracilis (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 91. t. 86. f. 7); caule brevissimo, foliis erectis conniventibus subellipticis acutis concavis subcarinatis integerrimis evanidinerviis, seta gracili elongata sinistrorsum tortili, capsula erecta ex apophysi angustiore plicata pyriformi exannulata, operculo planiusculo. Has. Gullies Road, Brown's River, growing with Hypnum limatum. Hillside, among grass: New Norfolk. (Specimens few and immature.) (Oldfield, 337.) DisrarB. New Zealand. : 2. Entosthodon productus (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “ monoicus, parvulus, humilis, foliis inferne ovatis in acumen lanceolatum angustatis integerrimis nervo sub apice evanido, cellulis elon- gatis, theca in pedunculo bilineari parva ovali, operculo depresso-convexo umbonato, peristomio nullo?" (Tas. CLXXV. Fig. 1.) Haz. On the earth: behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. A small species, allied in the form of its leaves to E. Mitteni, Dz. and Molk. The fruit too young to exhibit the peristome, if indeed that organ is present. Mitten, l.c.—PraTkE CLXXV. Fig. 1; 1, leaf; 2, capsule :—both magnified. Gen. XLI. FUNARIA, Schreb. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, obliqui, lanceolato-subulati, crebre articulati, intus trabe- culati ; internum; basi dentibus adnatum, processus sedecim lanceolatos planos dentibus oppositos sistens. Capsula pyriformis, gibba, inclinata vel cernua, orificio obliquo. Annulus compositus vel nullus. Oper- Calyptra inferne inflata, superne subulata, demum latere fissa.—Florescentia antheridia paraphysibus clavatis immiata. Folia Zare reticulata, tenera. ER? culum subconicum, breve. monoica : fl. masc. discoideus ; VOL. 1I. 198 FLORA OF TASMANIA, | Musci, by W. Wilson. 1. Funaria hygrometrica (Hedw. Sp. Musc. p. 172); foliis superioribus conniventibus late ovali- lanceolatis concavis integerrimis nervo continuo, perigonialibus apice serratis, capsula incurvo-pyriformi sicca plicata ore corrugata, annulo composito, operculo convexo, seta plus minus arcuata.— Dr. et Schimp. Bryol. Europ. t. 305. Has. Grass-tree Hill, Brown's River, Back River, New Norfolk. (J. D. H.) (Gunn.) (Oldfield, 127, 133, 137-8.) (Zyall.) On stones of fossiliferous limestone, and walls, Cheshunt, Archer. DistriB. All parts of the world. : 2. Funaria crispula (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; foliis patentibus siccitate laxe crispatis obovatis apicu- latis concaviusculis subserrulatis evanidinerviis, seta breviuscula sinistrorsum torta, capsula globoso-pyri- formi curvata brevicolla, operculo planiusculo.—F. radians, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXV. Fig. 2.) Has. On rocks: on the Kermandie Rivulet, South Huon. (Oldfield, 57.) (Specimens few and imperfect.) Port Sorrell, bank near Cheshunt, and on rocks, north side of Cataract, Launceston, Archer. Allied to F. glabra, Taylor, but differs in the form of the capsule and in the crisped foliage.— Peristome double, inner yellow. Annulus none? Spores rather large, granular, E x CLXXV. Fig. 2; 1, plant; 2, leaf; 3, apex of ditto ; 4, peristome :—all magnified. Tribe XV. SPLACHNER. Gen XLII. SPLACHNUM, Linn. Peristomium simplex ; dentes 8 vel 16, lineari-lanceolati, plani, haud trabeculati, plus minus per paria approximati, partimque connati, rarius «equidistantes, hygroscopici, siccitate nunc reflexi nunc erecto-inflexi, infra capsule orificium adnati. Capsula erecta, ovalis, oblonga vel conica, exannulata, apophysi (capsula ipsa seepe majore) suffulta. ` Operculum conico-convexum. Calyptra conico-mitreeformis, lacera, vel cucul- lata, basi integra vel inflexo-appendiculata, nuda vel pilosa. Spore minute, radiatim (lineolis sporarum 6-8) dispositee.—Florescentia monoica vel dioica: fl. masc. discoideo-capituliformes ; antheridia paraphy- -sibus clavatis immixta. Folia mollia, laze areolata, evanidinervia. $ 1. EREMODON (Bridel).—Dentes 8, equidistantes, siccitate erecto-incurvi. 1. Splachnum (Dissodon) callophyllum (C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 546); “ceespites laxi, inferne tomento purpureo intertexti, lati; caulis tenerrimus, ascendens, subelatus, late foliosus, amaene pal- lide virens, flaccidus ; folia caulina laxe imbricata, tenerrima, flaccida, e basi angusta late spathulato-ovalia, cuspidata, ubique e cellulis maximis amcene chlorophyllosis tenerrimis mollissimis rhombeis basi elon- gate quadratis chlorophyllosis reticulata, margine e medio usque ad apicem summum argute serrata, nervo subtenui virente excurrente percursa; perichetialia longius cuspidata, omnia cuspide flaccidissimo molli ; theca in pedunculo longiusculo crassiusculo rubente geniculato ascendente, sensim in collum thecæ longius- culum angustum incrassato erecta, anguste cylindrica, sed medio amplior, microstoma, olivacea, dein fus- 'cescens, sepius madore ad partem dimidiam superiorem obliqua, operculo eupulato obtuso obliquo brevis- simo; peristomii dentes erecti, madore conniventes, breves, infra orificium oriundi, flavescentes, opaci."— C. Mueller, l.c. (Mitten, in lit.) Eremodon robustus, Hook. Jil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 93. t. 87. f. 2. Has. Fern-tree Valley, Mount Wellington, Mossman. Distris. New Zealand. a 2. Splachnum Octoblepharum (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 167) ; foliis obovatis longe acuminatis sub- Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 199 piliferis integerrimis, capsula clavata, peristomii dentibus octo-geminatis, calyptra nuda.—Schwagr. Suppl. é. 129. Dissodon plagiopus, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 547, fide Mitten, in lit. Var. y. majus ; foliis majoribus latioribus.— F/. Antaret. p. 19. t. 57. f. iv. 6. Has. Moist places, not uncommon on cow-dung. (Gunn, 7,1624.) (J. D.H.) Near South Port. Coal River Tier, near Richmond, and Brown's River Gully. (Oldfield, 67, 331, 335.) Sand Hill. On logs: Smith's Creek. (Archer.) Var. y. Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 122.) Found by Mr. Valentine growing on the bones and decayed clothing of a bush-ranger, at the base of the Western Mountains, Feb. 1845. DrsrarB. New Zealand, Australia, Antarctic Islands. 9. Splachnum Gunnii (Hook. et Wils. in Lond. Bot. Journ. vii. p. 26. t. 1 D.) ; caule rigidius- culo crasso breviusculo radiculis ferrugineis tomentoso, foliis squarrosis obovatis vel spathulatis acutiusculis concaviusculis apice grossiuscule dentatis evanidinerviis purpurascentibus, seta brevi crassa, capsula conica, apophysi maxime dilatata subplicata depressa, peristomii dentibus octo siccitate erectiusculis incurvis, calyptra minuta conica basi inflexa nuda. Has. On dead Fern-trees: Acher (Gunn, 1625.) A very remarkable species.— Capsul E. a large oblate apophysis, pale (as if pulverulent), of firm texture, scarcely altered when dry. Seta red. Leaves tinged with red, pale, not crisped when dry.— Whole plant about j inch in length. Dioicous ? Tribe XVI. BuxBAUMLE. Gen. XLIII. BUXBAUMIA, Haller. Calyptra cylindrico-campanulata, parva, operculum tegens, fugax, coriacea, interdum latere fissa. Peri- stomium duplex: exterius nunc membrana solida irregulariter inciso-emarginata e strato cellularum duplici conformata opaca et obscure rufescens, nunc dentes ineequales moniliformi-articulati vallorum instar angust solidi; interius membrana albida tenerrima in conum tubulosum producta valde acute-angulato-plicata, siccitate leviter tortuosa angulosa. Columella in operculum exserta et cum eodem decidua.—C. Mueller, Syn. Musc. i. p. 151. 1. Buxbaumia Tasmanica (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; * B. indusiata simillima, foliis parvis ciliatis, pedunculo nitido subscabro, theca suberecta ovata superficie superiore planiuscula immargi- nata, inferiore convexa, operculo conico." Has. Cheshunt, Arcker. Closely resembling B. indusiata, but differing in its nearly smooth, shining seta.—Peristome apparently com- posed of smooth bladdery cells, scarcely free from the internal membrane.—All the capsules yet seen, although fully formed, are too immature to show the perfectly developed peristome, or if the external capsular wall rolls off as in B. indusiata.— Mitten, l.c. Tribe XVII. PoLYTRICHACEZ. Gen. XLIV. POLYTRICHUM, Dill., Linn. Peristomium simplex; dentes 32-64, raro 16, breves, ligulati, inflexi, duriusculi, e filis inarticulatis duplici lamina dispositis contexti, haud hygroscopici, epiphragma inter apices dentium sustentum. Calyptra parva, cuculliformis, plerumgue indumento villoso vestita, interdum nuda, 200 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Subgenus 1. ATRICHUM, P. Beauv.—Calyptra anguste cucullata, elongata, nuda, apice tantum spinulosa. | Capsula cylindrica. Operculum tenuirostre. Folia lanceolata-ligulata, nervo angusto, parce lamellosa, subflaccida. 1. Polytrichum angustatum (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 50); dioicum, gracile, foliis elongato-lanceo- latis erecto-patentibus anguste limbatis superne spinoso-serratis siccitate crispis, capsula suberecta tenui- cylindracea, operculo tenuirostri, calyptra nuda.—Atrichum angustatum, Bryol. Europ. t. 411. A. ligu- latum, Mitten, in Kew Miscel. 1857, p. 262 ; idem in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Var. polysetum ; setis aggregatis. Has. South Port Narrows, and Creek Town, etc. (Gunn, 25.) (Oldfield, 68.) Disrris. Europe, North America, East India. Subgenus 2. PsILOPILUM, Bridel.— Peristomii dentes 16-32, brevissimi. Capsula ovato-ventricosa. Calyptra apice pilosiuscula, inferne nuda. 2. Polytrichum australe (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 95. t. 87. f. 6) ; dioicum, caule brevi, foliis confertis erecto-patentibus ovato-subulatis rigidulis canaliculatis integerrimis dense lamellatis siccitate . erectis incurvis, seta breviuscula, capsula inclinata ovata ventricosa microstoma, operculo rostellato, calyptra brevi apice scabra. rs Has. Hobarton, J. D. H. On stones and on the earth: rivai behind Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Hermite Island, Cape Horn. 3. Polytrichum (Psilopilum) crispulum (Hook. fil. et Wils.); dioicum, foliis laxe patentibus subflaccidis siccitate crispulis incurvis lanceolato-oblongis acutiusculis denticulatis anguste lamellatis, seta elongata, capsula inclinata ovata microstoma, operculo rostrato, peristomii dentibus 32 minutis angustis.— Fl. N. Zeal. p. 95. t. 87. f. 3. Has. Western Mountains, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. Subgenus 3. CYPHOMA, Hook. fil. et Wils.— Capsula superne plana, inferne gibba. Calyptra subnuda. Peristomii dentes 32-64. Folia argute serrata, basi vaginantia, rigida. 4. Polytrichum Magellanicum (Hedw. Sp. Musc. t. 20); caule ramoso, foliis patentibus recurvis rigidis e basi ovata vaginante subulatis serratis, capsula inclinata vel horizontali oblonga semitereti, operculo conico-rostrato, calyptra pilosiuscula.— Fl. Antarct. pp. 132, 411. € 59. f. 3; FI. N. Zeal. p. 95. Poly- trichadelphus Magellanicus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Catharinea Polytrichadelphus innovans, C. Mueller ; conf. Mitten, l. c. Has. Gully above the Wellington Falls, Mount Wellington. (Oldfield, 248, 295.) Cheshunt, Archer. Mount Wellington, with P. juniperinum, Mossman. Distris. New Zealand, Antarctic Islands, South America. Subgenus 4. POGONATUM, P. Beauv., Brid., Br. et Sch.— Calyptra villosa. Capsula teres. 5. Polytrichum (Pogonatum) alpinum (Linn.) ; foliis e basi vaginante longe et anguste lineali- lanceolatis concavis margine argute serratis apice dorso spinulosis lamellis margine sensim incrassatis, capsula erecta vel obliqua ovata et ovali-oblonga levi collo perbrevi tumidulo instructa, operculo longius rostello, calyptra villo fuscescente capsulam ex parte vel omnino obtegente, peristomii dentibus brevius- culis, subirregularibus.— Byo/. Europ. p. 9. (Mitten, in lit.) Has. The Falls, and rivulet behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. DisrRiB. Australia, Europe, North America. Musei, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 201 Subgenus 5. POLYTRICHUM, Bridel.—Capsula angulata, apophysi discoidea instructa. Operculum brevius rostratum. Calyptra villosa, Peristomii dentes 64. Columella alata. 6. Polytrichum commune (Linn. Sp. Pl. ii. 1573); caule elongato, foliis e basi vaginante patenti- recurvis lineari-lanceolatis longis serratis lamellis margine subbifidis obtectis, pericheetialibus membranaceis erectis vaginantibus, capsula tetragona, operculo brevirostri.—.Bryol. Europ. t. 425. Var. 8; caule gracili breviore, foliis brevioribus erecto-patentibus confertis siccitate erectis. - Has. Bogs on hillside, Brown's River. (Gunn, 1591.) (Oldfield, 327.) Cheshunt, Archer, Var. B. Bogs near the Huon. (Oldfield, 297.) DisrRIB. Common in all parts of the world. 7. Polytrichum juniperinum (Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 18); foliis patentibus subrecurvis e basi vagi- nante lineari-lanceolatis margine membranaceo inflexis integerrimis brevi-aristatis, capsula quadrangulari siccitate horizontali, operculo rostellato.—.Bryol. Europ. t. 429. Has. On the ground: summit of Mount Wellington. Falls, New Norfolk. (Gunn, 5.) (Lyall, 103.) (J.D.H.) Elliott Rivulet, Archer ; gathered also by Mossman. | DrsrRiB. Europe, Asia, North America. Gen. LX. DAWSONIA, Brown. Peristomium penicillatum, ciliis numerosissimis, capillaribus, erectis, eequalibus, inarticulatis, capsule ore et columelle apice impositis. Calyptra subulata, latere fissa, indumento e villis intertextis vestita. Capsula hinc plana, inde convexa. Operculum subulatum.—Habitus, folia, florescentia, etc., omnino Polytrichi. 1. Dawsonia superba (Greville, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1847, p. 226. t. 12); caule elongato, foliis e basi ovato-subrotunda amplexicauli linearibus longissimis rigidis spinoso-serratis erecto-patentibus, seta brevi crassa, capsula foliis exserta, calyptra parva pallidiore pilis brevibus vestita.—“ D. longifolia, R. Br.” Gunn, in sched. Has. Emu Bay. (Gunn, 1590.) Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. Section 2. PLEUROCARPI. Tribe XVIII. LEUCODONTEE. Gen. XLVI. LEUCODON, Bridel. Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, bast connati, perforati, bipartiti vel bifidi. Calyptra cuculliformis. Capsula erecta, equalis, exannulata. Florescentia dioica.—Folia dense imbricata, plerumque enervia, pli- cato-striata vel lavia, anguste areolata. 1. Leucodon Lagurus (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 126); caule ramoso tomentoso, foliis imbricatis oblongo-ovatis concavis piliformi-acuminatis estriatis subenerviis, aprila erecta subeylindrica, operculo oblique rostrato.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 199. Stereodon Lagurus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On dry rocks, at an altitude of 1000 feet, near the top of Mount Wellington, on the south side. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 116.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrrız. Campbell's Island, Hermite Island, Straits of Magellan. wo-nerved at the base, variable, sometimes single-nerved half- Leaves very glossy, bright green, nerveless or t E VOL, II. 202 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musei, by W. Wilson. way. Seta near 1 inch long. Peristome white. Operculum above half as long as the capsule. Calyptra large, longer than the capsule, eucullate, pale yellowish-brown. Male surculi extremely slender, very different in aspect from the fertile stems with which they are intermixed, bearing piliferous leaves variable in shape, often lanceolate and very small. Male flower with a few roundish antheridia, and no paraphyses. Gen. XLVII. CLADOMNION, Hook. fil. et Wiis. Peristomium duplex ; externum, dentes 16, lanceolati; internum, membrana in processus 16 carinatos profunde divisa. Capsula erecta, eequalis, brevipedicellata. Calyptra cucullata, magna. Operculum ros- tratum.— Caulis repens; surculi erecti, elongati, subsimplices. Folia plicata. Habitus Leucodontis. $ 1. Capsula sulcata. Folia enervia. l. Cladomnion sciuroides (Leskea, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 175); dioicum, surculis vage ramosis, ramis subcompressis incurviusculis, foliis erecto-patentibus subsecundis ovatis acuminatis plicato-striatis enerviis apice serratis, capsula erecta oblonga sulcata brevipedicellata, operculo conico-subulato.—Stereodon (Achyrophyllum) sciuroides, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On twigs and trunks of trees, in dense woods: Huon River. (J. D.H.) Black River Gully, Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 77.) On trees, in creeks, Archer. DisrarB. New Zealand. $ 2. Capsula levis. Folia nervosa. 2. Cladomnion setosum (Anictangium, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 5); dioicum, surculis elongatis sub- simplicibus, foliis confertis subsecundis e basi ovata subulato-setaceis solidinerviis serratis, capsula oblonga erecta brevipedicellata, operculo rostrato.—Neckera setosa, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 8. Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Distris. New Zealand, South America. Tribe XIX. LESKEACEA. Gen. XLVIII. LESKEA, Hedwig. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, anguste lanceolati, tenues, intus trabeculati ; internum, processus totidem e membrana basilari angusta procedentes, plus minus perfecti. Capsula erecta, oblonga, alte pedicellata. Calyptra cucullata.—Caulis primarius repens; innovatio e ramis procumbentibus nec e stolonibus. Folia opaca, chlorophyllosa, nunquam scariosa, plerumque papillosa, costata ; areolis minutis hexagono-quadratis, inferne rectangulis. l. Leskea imbricata (Hook. fil. et Wils.); monoica, caule repente, surculis erectis vage parceque ramosis, ramulis curvulis superne incrassatis, foliis patentibus siccitate appresso-imbricatis confertis rotundo- ovatis concaviusculis margine subplanis nervo valido sub apice evanido subrotundis minutis. (TAB: CLXXV. Fig. 3.) Has. Moist rocks? on Mount Wellington. (O/dfie/d.) (Specimens few, and without fruit.) Stem $ inch. Foliage brownish or lurid.—In habit approaching to Pterogonium gracile. This is perhaps a young state of Cryphea. Mitten, in lit.—PrATE CLXXV. Fig. 3; 1, portion of branch; 2 and 3, leaves :—all magnified. Masci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 203 Tribe XX. PILOTRICHES. Gen. XLIX. METEORIUM, Bridel. Peristomium duplex ; externum, dentes 16, erecti; infernum, cilia totidem alternantia, basi libera vel membrana brevissima connexa. Capsula sequalis, erecta, exannulata, brevipedicellata. Opereulum rostra- tum. Florescentia dioica. Caulis repens.—Surculi penduli, ramosi. Ramis patentibus. 1. Meteorium molle (Leskea, Hedw. Musc. Frond. t.40) ; surculo elongato debili pendulo flexuoso, ramis subsimplicibus, foliis imbricatis subspathulato-ellipticis oblongis obtusis concavis integerrimis enerviis pericheetialibus vaginantibus duplo longioribus, capsula ovata brevipedicellata, operculo rostrato, calyptra pilosiuscula dimidiata.—Stereodon (Isothecium) molle, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Var. B. majus; ramis tumidis, seta longiori, capsula ineequali. Has. In dense woods, pendent from the branches of trees. (J. D. H.) (Guan, 1602, 40.) (Lyall, 102.) Brown's River Gully. (Oldfield, 69.) Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. 2. Meteorium cuspidiferum (Neckera, Taylor, MSS.) ; surculo elongato ramoso pendulo flexili, ramis patentibus simplicibus, foliis laxe imbricatis erecto-patentibus siccitate erectis subappressis cordato- ovatis semi-amplexicaulibus apiculatis integerrimis subcoriaceis carinatis substriatis evanidinerviis minutis- sime areolatis basi auriculis denticulatis.—F7. N. Zeal. p. 101. Trachypus Hornschuchii, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On trees, Gunn, Lawrence. {Barren and scanty specimens.) Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, East Indies. 3. Meteorium cerinum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caule pendulo elongato, ramis patentibus simplicibus, foliis patentibus siccitate crispato-undulatis cordato-ovatis acuminatis integerrimis evanidinerviis, auriculis subintegris.—Trachypus cerinus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXV. Fig. 4.) Has. On trees. (Barren specimens.) (Gunan, 1605.) On trees, in creeks, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. | More robust than M. cuspidiferum.—Leaves yellowish, their aurieles larger and reflexed when dry, texture more membranous, border pale; areole small, rhomboid, opaque; alar cellules oblong, narrow.—PLATE CLXXV. Fig. 4; 1, portion of branch and leaves; 2 and 3, leaves :—magnified. 4. Meteorium filipendulum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; caule pendulo gracili elongato, ramis patentibus flexuosis simplicibus filiformibus attenuatis, foliis erecto-patentibus apice incurvis siccitate appressis ovatis acuminatis integerrimis estriatis margine planis basi subauriculatis seminervüs. (Tas. CLXXV. Fig. 5.) Has. On trees. (Barren specimens only.) (Gunn, 26, 1606.) (Lawrence.) Allied to M. flericaule, Taylor, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 101, of which it was once considered to be a slender variety. — Leaves less concave, with entire aurieles.-—Pıate CLXXIV. Fig. 5; 1, portion of stem and leaves; 2, leaf :— all magnified. 5. Meteorium flexicaule ( ramis patentibus simplicibus, foliis laxe imbricatis cor | 'estriatis integerrimis (basi tantum subdenticulatis) nervo ultra-medio. Leskea, Taylor, Fl. N. Zeal. p. 101); sureulo elongato pendulo flexuoso, dato-ovatis subspathulatis acuminulatis concavis —Trachypus flexicaulis, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. Cheshunt, on trees, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand, Australia, South America. 204 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Gen. L. CRYPHAA, Mohr, Bridel. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, angusti, erecti; internum, cilia totidem alternantia, basi libera, filiformia. Capsula eegualis, pericheetio immersa, subsessilis, annulata. Operculum conicum. Ca- lyptra mitreformis, conica, glabra. Forescentiía monoica.—Caulis repens. Surculi erecti, pendulive, sub- pinnatim ramosi. Folia ovata, integra ; areolis punctiformibus. 1. Crypheea consimilis (Montagne, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Cent. v. 20) ; surculo ramoso, ramis distan- tibus patentibus filiformibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine subreflexis integerrimis nervo sub- continuo, capsula oblonga perichztio pilifero immersa, operculo conico-acuto.— EI. N. Zeal. 102. Has. On dead timber: Coal River Tier, near Richmond. (Oldfield, 58.) (Gunn, 26.) DisrarB. New Zealand. 2. Cryphzea Tasmanica (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; * monoica, ramis elongatis inferne sepe denudatis superne ramulis brevibus ut plurimum fertilibus dense approximatis, foliis patentibus orbi- culari-ovatis acutis nervo sub summo apice evanido margine e medio ad apicem minutissime sed dense ser- rulato nullibi recurvo cellulis minutis ovoideis ad basin angustis elongatis, perichztialibus e basi ovali subulatis thecam ovatam longe superantibus, operculo convexo acuto peristomio interno processibus angustis dentium longitudinis in membrana brevissima, annulo duplici.” (Taz. CLXXV. Fig. 9.) Has. On rocks: Jackey's Plain Creek, Archer. More robust than C. dilatata or C. Muelleri, khe margins of its leaves not recurved below, and the pericheetial leaves more subulate, but of the same habit and colour. Mitten, l.e.—Pıate CLXXV. Fig. 6; 1, leaf; 2, peri- chetium ; 3, teeth :—all magnified. Tribe XXI. NECKERACEZ. Gen. LI. NECKERA, Br. et Schimp. Peristomium duplex; externum, dentes 16, lanceolati, intus trabeculati, vix hygroscopici; internum, processus 16, e membrana angusta carinato-plicata hyalina cum dentibus alternantes. Capsula ovalis, equalis, erecta, mollis, exannulata, immersa vel exserta. Calyptra cucullata, nuda.—Folia octofariam caule inserta, distiche complanata, obliqua, transverse undulata, nitida, tenuissime areolata. Caulis repens. Sur- culi erecti, pinnatim ramosi. l. Neckera pennata (Hedw. Musc. Frond. t. 19); monoica, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis apice serrulatis undulatis subenerviis, perichetialibus internis elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis, capsula im- mersa, operculo brevirostri, calyptra parva vix infra operculum producta.—Bryol. Europ. t. 440. N. hy- menodonta, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 564; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On trees. (Gunn, 1601.) Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 66.) Rivulets and damp copses, on trunks and branches of trees, Archer. Bek River, below Launceston, Mossman. . Disrrib. New Zealand, Europe, North and South America, South Africa, East Indies. Gen. LII. OMALIA, Bridel. Peristomium Hypni, duplex. Capsula ovata, cernua, longipedunculata, annulata. Opereulum ros- tratum. Calyptra dimidiata.—Caulis repens, stolonifer. Surculi ascendentes, pinnatim vel irregulariter ramosi. Folia octofariam inserta, distiche imbricata, complanata ; lateralia obliqua, asymmetrica, basi uno latere inflexa, ceterum plana ; verticalia minute areolata ; nervo brevi vel obsoleto. Flores monoici vel dioici. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 205 1. Omalia falcifolia (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 115. t. 92. f. 1); dioica, surculo vage sub- pinnatim ramoso, ramis complanatis subsimplicibus, foliis distiche imbricatis oblongo-acinaciformibus ob- tusis enerviis integerrimis, seta levi, capsula elliptico-oblonga nutante, operculo conico.—Hypnum falci- folium, Nob. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 554. Has. Tasmania. (Barren specimens only.) (Gunn.) Distrıg. New Zealand. Gen. LIII. TRACHYLOMA, Bridel. Peristomium duplex ; exterius, dentes 16, angusti, subnodulosi, duri; inferius, cilia totidem cum lis . alternantia, e membrana brevi orta, angusta, carinata, nodulosa. Calyptra cuculliformis. Capsula erecta, oblonga, subzequalis, curvula, exannulata.—Folia sudenervia, complanata, Habitus dendroideus. Caule repente. Surculo superne pinnatim ramoso.—Fl. N. Zeal. p. 103. l. Trachyloma planifolium (Neckera planifolia, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 23); dioicum, surculo erecto pinnatim ramoso, ramis complanatis, foliis distiche imbricatis erecto-patentibus ovatis apice serratis subenerviis, capsula erecta subcylindrica, operculo conico subulato.—Bridel, Bryol. Europ. ii. 278 ; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On dead trees, in the forests of the Esk River, Mossman. Dsg, New Zealand. Tribe XXII. IsoTHECIACEA, Gen. LIV. ISOTHECIUM, Bridel. Peristomium duplex ; externum, dentes 16, ut in Hypno ; internum, membrana in processus 16 cari- natos cum vel absque ciliis interpositis profunde divisa. Calyptra cuculliformis. Capsula erecta, equalis, vel e curvatura pedicelli cernua, subeegualis, annulata.— Habitus dendroideus. Rhizoma repens. Surculi inferne nudi, rigidi, superne pinnatim ramosi. $ 1. Fronde diffusa, suberecta. l. Isothecium Arbuscula (Hookeria, Smith, Linn. Trans. ix. p. 280. t. 23); dioicum, surculo bi- pinnatim ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus ovatis concavis integerrimis basi obsolete binerviis, seta brevi- uscula flexuosa, capsula ovata suberecta vel cernua, operculo conico.—Hypnum Arbuscula, Hook. Musc. Exot. 112; Schwegr. Suppl. t. 300. Var. 8. deflerum ; surculo laxius ramoso arcuato deflexo apice radicante, foliis remotioribus acutioribus minus concavis.—Stereodon (Isothecium) deflexus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. ` ` Has. On trees, in dense forests. (Gunn, 42, 43, 1595 a.) St. Patrick's River. (Gunn, 1595 £, 1596.) Johnny's Creek, Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 87, 88.) Disrris. New Zealand. 2. Isothecium gracile (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; dioicum, caule ramoso, ramis gracilibus recurvis, foliis erecto-patentibus secundis ellipticis concavis obtusiusculis subdenticulatis enerviis, perichztialibus sguar- rosis acuminatis, seta longiuscula levi, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico.— FF. Antarct. part 1. p. 29. t. 61. f. 3; FI. N. Zeal. p. 106, et Hypnum gracile eorund. l.c. p. 112. Stereodon (Isothecium) gracilis, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On stones, in rivulets: Jackey's Plain Creek, near Cheshunt, Archer. Disrrrs. Lord Auckland’s Islands, New Zealand. VOL. II. 36 206 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. 3. Isothecium pumilum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; dioicum, caule dendroideo pinnatim ramoso inferne squamoso, ramis complanatis, foliis guadrifariis ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis serrulatis nervo tenui ultra medio, pericheetialibus subsguarrosis ovato-ligulatis, seta breviuscula, levi, capsula ovata cernua annulata, operculo rostrato.—Neckera (Thamnium) rivalis, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXV. Fig. 7.) Has. On rocks. (Gunn.) On stones and rocks: copse, West End Rivulet and Stackhouse Falls, Cheshunt, Archer. Thrice as small as I. pandum, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 105. t. 89. f. 1—Zeaves more evidently serrate, with a short, very faint nerve. Siem 1 inch. Seta scarcely + inch. Operculum as long as the capsule. Peristome double; outer teeth pale yellow.—PrtATE CLXXV. Fig. 7; 1, part of stem and leaves; 2, leaf; 3, pericheetium and capsule, etc. :—all magnified. : $ 2. HYPNODENDRON.—Rami in frondem horizontalem deltoideo-subrotundam dispositi. Innovationes e basi frondis orti. Capsula striata. 4. Isothecium spininervium (Hypnum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 29); dioicum, comosum, ramis simplicibus complanatis, foliis appresso-patulis subdistiche imbricatis ovatis acutis margine dorsoque ser- ratis solidinerviis, capsula oblonga sulcata cernua, operculo rostrato capsula breviore.—Schwegr. Suppl. t: 958. Trachyloma arcuatum, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. In woods, rare. Back River Gully, New Norfolk. (Gunn.) (J. D.H.) (Oldfield, 65.) On the ground, and on stones in the bed of rivulets : Cheshunt, Archer: Distris. New Zealand, Australia. 5. Isothecium Archeri (Mitten); “ dioicum, ramis erectis inferne simplicibus sparse foliosis superne pulchre pinnatis plumiformibus, ramulis patentibus distichis in frondem brevem subtriangularem dispositis, foliis bifarie compressis ovato-lanceolatis acutis nervo percurrente, dorso apice denticulato, marginibus sim- pliciter serratis, cellulis longitudine circiter +35 latitudine ++ unc. metientibus dorso minute papilloso- punctatis, seriebus foliorum in latere dorsali minoribus sed conformibus, perich:etialibus e basi late ovata tenui acuminatis erectis, theca in pedunculo vix unciali horizontalis oblonga sulcata, operculo longi-curvi- rostrato, peristomio normale."—Trachyl Archeri, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXV. Fig. 8.) Has. Ovens Creek, Cheshunt, Archer. Two or three inches in height, pale yellowish-green, shining. Nearly allied to H. arcuatum, Hedw., but its branches are more regularly disposed, forming a subtriangular frond, and readily distinguished by its minutely dotted leaves and short capsule. Mitten, l. c. —Pr.ATE CLXXV. Fig. 8; 1, leaf; 2, ditto of perichzetium ; 3, cap- sule :—all magnified. 6. Isothecium comosum (Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 107. t. 253. f. 2); dioicum, dense cespitosum, caule tomentoso apice comoso, ramis subverticillatis brevibus densis suberectis, foliis patentibus subsecundis rigidis e basi subauriculata ovato-lanceolata subito acuminatis apice serrulatis nervo crasso solido tereti dorso levi excurrente setaceis, pericheetialibus longioribus erectis, capsula in pedunculo mediocri pendula oblonga sulcata, operculo longirostri.—Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 374. Hypnum comosum, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 91. Has. Tasmania. (Barren specimens only.) (Gunn.) Disrris. New Zealand, Lord Auckland's Islands. 7. Isothecium Sieberi (Hypnum, C. Mueller, Muse, Syn. ii. 504); dioicum, laxe ceespitosum, caule robusto tomentoso apice lateraliter (nec verticillatim) comoso, ramis crassis curvatis cirrhatis apice Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 207 subcuspidatis, foliis erecto-patentibus confertis anguste lanceolatis sensim acuminatis superne grosse serratis nervo valido concolore excurrente (acumen haud omnino occupante) carinatis margine subincrassatis, setis aggregatis mediocribus tortis, capsula horizontali sulcata, operculo longirostri.— Trachyloma comosum, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Woods on Mount Wellington. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 64, 103.) River Acheron, Gunn, 1593. Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand and Lord Auckland's Islands. Leaves longer than in J. comosum, more crowded, with large serratures and areola, more distinctly striated when dry ; nerve less solid, not cylindrical, but keeled at the back. Branches longer, deflexed. Habit more ro- bust. Colour greenish, not fulvous. 8. Isothecium Colensoi (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; dioicum, laxe cespitosum, caule breviusculo tomen- toso apice lateraliter pinnatim comoso, ramis breviusculis decurvatis, foliis laxiuscule patentibus subsecundis rigidiusculis e basi cordato-lanceolata setaceo-acuminatis apice argute serratis nervo crassiusculo inferne dorso punctulata apice argute spinuloso excurrente, seta preelonga, capsula subpendula elongate cylindrica curvula octosulcata, operculo longirostri.—I. comosum, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 106, ex parte. (Tas. CLXXVI. Fig. 1.) Has. Tasmania. (Barren specimens only.) (Gunn.) DisrarB. New Zealand. Overlooked as a variety of I. comosum in the ‘ Flora of New Zealand,’ but on examination it appears to be quite distinct. It differs from both of the preceding species in the elongated capsule and seta, and from Hypnum comatum, C. Mueller, Syn. Musc. ii. 692, in the more strongly and sharply serrated apex of the leaf, which has the nerve constantly punctulate at the back, more solid at the excurrent apex, where it is cylindrical and spinulose.— 4reole of the leaf wider; alar cellules oval-oblong, numerous, not coloured. Colour of the foliage deeper green. Stem shorter than in Z. Sieberi. Branches few, scarcely $ inch long, not attenuated, more rigid, not whorled, but form- ing a lateral frond. Capsule (with the operculum) about } inch long. Teeth of the peristome pale yellow. * This appears to me to be the H. comatum, C. Mueller.” Mitten, in lit.—PrATE CLXXVI. Fig. 1; 1, leaf; 2, capsule :—¿both magnified. Tribe XXIII. HrNACEX. Gen. LV. HYPNUM, Linn. Peristomium duplex ; externum, dentes 16, lanceolati, reflexiles, intus trabeculati, linea media notati ; infernum, membrana carinato-sulcata in processus 16 carinatos ciliis interpositis mediotenus fissa. Calyptra cuculliformis, glabra. Capsula inæqualis, arcuata, cernua, pleramque annulata, longe pedicellata.— Habitus varius. Caulis plerumque repens, vage vel pinnatim ramosus. $ 1. TAMARISCINA,— Caule pinnatim ramoso, stupa viridi e fibris ramosis composita villoso. 1. Hypnum leviusculum (Mitten) ; “ dioicum, H. tamariscino simillimum, caule foliolis brevibus dense vestito, foliis ejusdem latitudinis subzequilateri triangularibus nervo crasso concolori in acumen angustum elongatum flexuosum excurrente, marginibus inferne recurvis integerrimis cellulis minutis sub- obscuris leeviusculis, rameis basi ovatis acuminatis obtusiusculis concavis ramulinisque ovato-oblongis com- pressis obtusis obscuris subintegerrimis minutissime papillosis subleevibus, perichsetialibus erectis pallidis ovato-lanceolatis in acumen elongatum flexuosum subserrulatum attenuatis, margine apicem versus partis latioris ciliato, theca in pedunculo elongato rubro eylindrica arcuata horizontalis peristomio normale.”— Leskea leeviuscula, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. 208 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Has. Cheshunt, without fruit, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. Size, habit, and colour of H. tamariscinum, but with leaves more nearly resembling those of H. cymbifolium, Dz. et Molk., having the nerve excurrent into a long, flexuose, slender point, and scarcely anywhere serrulate or papillose. Mitten, 1. c. 2. Hypnum furfurosum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 107. t. 88. f. 7); dioicum, caule elon- gato rigidulo procumbente furfuroso crebre bipinnato, ramulis gracilibus attenuatis, foliis caulinis squarrosis cordato-acuminatis carinato-coneavis plicatis evanidinerviis rameis e basi patula erectiusculis siccitate in- curvis ovatis acuminatis apice denticulatis dorso papillatis evanidinerviis perichetialibus anguste acuminatis denticulatis, seta levi, capsula oblonga cernua, operculo rostrato.—Leskea hastata (Hypnum), C. Mueller ; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXVI. Fig. 2.) Has. On dead timber and stones: Back River Gully. (Gunn.) (Oldfield, 80, 323.) On stones, by rivulets: Ovens Creek, Cheshunt, and Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. PraTE CLXXVI. Fig. 2; 1 and 2, leaves; 3, capsule :—all magnified. 3. Hypnum unguiculatum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; dioicum, caule tenui procumbente plus minus remote bi-(subtri-)pinnato paraphyllis parcis vestito, ramis ramulisque patentibus longiusculis attenuatis gracillimis, foliis caulinis patentibus cordato-acuminatis distantibus subplicatis subintegris ramulinis erecto- patentibus siccitate arcuato-incurvis ovatis acutis valde concavis subintegris dorso levibus, nervo tenui pellucido evanido areolis minute rotundis subopacis, pericheetialibus longe piliformi acuminatis denticulatis intimis laciniatis, seta levi, capsula oblonga arcuata, operculo rostrato. (Tas. CLXXVI. Fig. 3.) Has. Yorktown. (Lawrence. (Gunn, 1598, 37.) Rocks: North-west Bay. (Oldfield, 313 6.) Distris. New Zealand. (Sinclair.) Allied to the last, but more slender in habit.—S/em about 2 inches long, distantly branched. Stem-leaves small, not concealing the stem. Branch-leaves distant, much bent inwards when dry, but not appressed. Seta 1 inch. Vaginula hairy. Teeth yellow, longer than in H. furfurosum. Inner peristome reddish, with cilia.—A larger species than H. sparsum, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 109. t. 89. f. 5); leaves more acute, very concave, and more incurved when dry.—PrArg CLXXVI. Fig. 3; 1, portion of branch; 2, leaf; 3, ditto of perichetium ; 4, capsule, with calyptra ; 5, capsule and operculum :—all magnified. 4. Hypnum Stuartii (C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1856, p. 459); “ H. hastato simillimum, dioicum, aurescens, sed caulis inordinate ramosus, vix pinnatus, ramulis longioribus substoloniformibus instructus, filis longioribus confervoideis vel foliaceis obtectis, folia caulina majora, e basi late hastata bullato-plicata lanceolato-acuminata reflexa, margine plana vel convexa, ubique e cellulis rotundatis incrassatis tenuiter papillosis areolata, nervo flavido canaliculato ante apicem evanido percursa, ramulina multo minora ovato- lanceolata, breviter acuminata, subflexuosa, magis squalia, vix bullata, nervo tenuiore instructa, e cellulis rugulosis haud incrassatis areolata, pericheetialia e basi longe vaginante late plicata pallida, margine hie illic revoluta, elongate incrassate areolata in acumen longissimum loriforme flexuosum erenulatum producta, ante apicem ciliis capillaribus levissimis flexuosis elongatis vel brevioribus fimbriata, excurrentinervia, paraphyses numerosissimas elongatas includentia, theca in pedunculo breviusculo levi rubente pendula tur- gide oblonga, peristomium internum aureum secedens, ciliis ternis brevioribus interpositis." — Mitten, in lit. Has. Tasmania, Stuart. $ 2. ADUNCA,— Foliis falcatis, nervosis. 5. Hypnum hispidum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. 28. t. 61. f. 2); dioicum, caule arcuato Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 209 vage vel subpinnatim ramoso, foliis imbricatis secundis rigidis e basi ovata subplicata longe subulato-setaceis integerrimis nervo crasso excurrente, seta breviuscula levi, capsula ovata cernua, operculo curvirostro.— Fl. N. Zeal. p. 107. Leskea hispida, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. Stones in running water: Back River Creek. (Barren specimens.) (Gunn, 44.) ( Oldfield, 120, 121.) Bank by Stackhouse Falls, on fossiliferous limestone : Cheshunt, Archer. Disrrip. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Australia, Lord Auckland's Islands. 6. Hypnum fluitans (Linn. Fl. Suec. 1074); monoicum, caule subpinnatim ramoso tenui molle, foliis caulinis remotis rameis falcato-secundis lanceolato-acuminatis evanidinerviis, capsula longe peduncu- lata oblonga arcuata cernua, operculo subconico.—Bryol. Eur. t. 602. Has. In wet places: Yorktown. (Barren specimens.) (Gunn, 1626.) DisrarB. Europe, North America, Hermite Island, Campbell’s Island. $ 3. Foliis seminerviis patentibus, undique imbricatis. a. PRALONGA.—Seta scabra. Operculo rostrato. 7. Hypnum muriculatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 108. t. 89. f. 3); monoicum, caule procumbente subpinnatim ramoso, ramis brevibus simplicibus subcompressis, foliis patentibus cordato-ovatis acuminatis subserrulatis apice subpiliformi attenuatis nervo ultramedio, seta scabra breviuscula, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo longirostri. Haz. Circular Head. (Gunn, 1694.) Hobarton. (J. D. H.) DisrarB. New Zealand, Norfolk Island. 8. Hypnum austrinum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 108. t. 89. f.-4); monoicum, caule re- pente vage ramoso, ramis suberectis incurvis subsimplicibus, foliis patentibus subsecundis cordato-ovatis acutis concavis serrulatis nervo ultramedio, pericheetialibus erectis attenuatis, seta scabra, capsula ovata cernua, operculo rostrato. Has. Wet places, by streams? Johnny's Creek and Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 85, 294.) Disrris. New Zealand. In habit much like H. ruscifolium, Neck., but differing in the rough seta, more concave, less rigid leaves, and thinner nerve. 9. Hypnum asperipes (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.); *monoicum, caule procumbente, ramis pinnatis, foliis patentibus latissime ovatis acuminatis serrulatis nervo tenui medio evanido cellulis longitudine circiter +), latitudine 7757 unc. metientibus, perichetialibus latis in acumen breve attenuatis theca in pedunculo subunciali aspero oblongo-ovalis horizontalis operculo longirostrato peristomio normali. (Tap. CLXXVI. Fig. 4.) Has. Cheshunt, Archer. More densely branched, and with appearance it is nearly allied. Mitten, magnified. more acuminated leaves than H. hians, Hedw., to which in size and general l.e.—PraTg CLXXVI. Fig. 4; 1, leaf; 2, pericheetium ; 3, capsule :—all b. ConrerTa.—Seta levi. Operculo rostrato. (Hook. fil. et Wils.); monoicum, caule procumbente pinnatim ramoso, 10. Hypnum collatum cavis serrulatis seminerviis angustissime ramis robustis compressis, foliis patulis late ovatis acuminulatis con lineari-areolatis, perichetialibus longius acuminatis recurvis, seta levi, capsula cernua oblonga arcuata, operculo longirostri.—H. confertum, var. majus, Fl. N. Zeal. p. 108. H. tenuifolium, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 75; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXVI. Fig. 5.) VOL. II. 3 H 210 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. Var. 8. laxifolium ; caule elongato, ramis longioribus, foliis distantibus, seta longiore. Var. y. minus; caule erecto gracili parce ramoso, ramis erectis gracilibus vix compressis, foliis erecto- patentibus. Var. 8; capsula inclinata recta fere symmetrica. Haz. On decayed wood, etc., in damp, shady places. (Gunn.) Var. 8. Back River Gully. (Old- field, 83.) Var. y. At the foot of trees: Coal River Tier, Richmond. (O/dfield.) DisrnrB. New Zealand. In general aspect much like H. serrulatum, Hedw., but distinguished by the pinnated disposition of the branches, and wider, concave, minutely-serrated leaves of closer texture. Var. 8 has the setze nearly 15 inch long. Var. y is a small form, closely resembling H. megapolitanum, Bland., but the leaves are roundish-ovate, not cordate, more shortly acuminated ; areole very narrow and elongated ; alar cellules few and inconspicuous.—PLATE CLXXVI. Fig. 5; 1, part of branch and leaf; 2, leaf; 3, pericheetium and capsule; 4, capsule :—all magnified. 11. Hypnum aristatum (Hook. fil. et Wils.); monoicum, caule pinnatim ramoso, ramis gracilen- tibus attenuatis, foliis patentibus subcompressis siccitate laxe flexuosis ellipticis piliformi-acuminatis con- cavis serrulatis (margine haud reflexis), perichzetialibus erectis acuminatis, seta levi, capsula oblonga cernua arcuata, operculo brevirostri. (Tas. CLXXVI. Fig. 6.) Has. Growing with H. collatum. (Gunn, 48 6.) Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. A smaller species, with leaves almost piliferous, dark green, and not glossy.—Peristome, outer reddish-brown ; inner yellow, with solitary cilia. Spores small, yellow. Annulus small, adhering to the mouth of the capsule.— Pate CLXXVI. Fig. 6; 1, part of branch and leaves; 2, leaf; 3, pericheetium ; 4, capsule :—all magnified. c. RUTABULA.—Seta scabra. Operculo conico. 12. Hypnum rutabulum (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1590); monoicum, caule vage ramoso, foliis laxe imbri- catis patulis ovato-acuminatis serrulatis nervo ultramedio siccitate striatis, seta scabra, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico.—Hedw. Muse. Frond. t. 12. Brachythecium rutabulum, Br. e£ Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 543 Var. 2 ; floribus synoicis turgidis. Has. On the ground: Brown's River, Johnny's Creek. Swamps on Mount Wellington, and at the Falls, New Norfolk. Back River Gully. (Gunn, 1690.) (Oldfield, 82, 96, 145, 826 0.) On trees: Long Hill, Cheshunt, Archer. Var. 2. Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 84.) Distris. Europe, America, Antarctic Islands. 15. Hypnum campestre (Brachythecium, Bruch, Bryol. Europ. 13. t. 11) ; “ monoicum, procerum, laxe ceespitosum, caule longe prostrato vel ascendente, valde ramoso, ramis flexuoso-ascendentibus vage vel subpinnatim ramulosis dense foliosis, foliis erecto-patentibus, longe ovato-lanceolatis brevius longiusve subulato-acuminatis, tenuicostatis, pluries irregulariter sulcatis, margine serratis, sericeo-nitidis, lutescenti- bus, perichetialibus longe subulatis, subula recurva, capsula in pedicello superne obsolete scabro incurvo- cernua, ovali- et oblongo-cylindrica, curvula, operculo conico.”— Mitten, in lit. Has. Woolmers, near Longford, Archer. DISTRIB. Europe, Asia, North America. 14. Hypnum paradoxum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. ii. p. 419. t. 155. f. 2) ; caule repente subpinnato, foliis falcate-secundis ováto-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis serrulatis ruptinerviis, seta scabra, theca cernua obovato-oblonga.— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Musci, by W. Wilson.) ` FLORA OF TASMANIA. 211 Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. Hermite Island, South-west Australia. $ 4. Foliis squarrosis. a. STELLATA.— Capsula levi. 15. Hypnum decussatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 110. t. 90. f. 2); dioicum, caule procumbente pinnatim ramoso, ramis simplicibus, foliis patulis squarroso-recurvis ovatis longiuscule acumi- natis subintegris nervo subcontinuo. Has. Bog near the Derwent, New Norfolk. (Oldfield, 91.) DistriB. New Zealand. A larger Moss than H. glaucocarpon, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 228.— Leaves reddish or tawny, nerved almost to the apex, where they are more tapering. Fruit not yet observed. b. Capsula sulcata.—PrYCHOMNION, Hook. fil. et Wils. 16. Hypnum aciculare (Labill., Bridel, Musc. Recent. ii. 2. 158. t. 5. f. 2); dioicum, caule vage ramoso, ramis simplicibus elongatis crassis, foliis squarroso-patulis ovatis longius acuminatis apice inciso- serratis enerviis, capsula subcylindrica arcuata sulcata, operculo löngirostri.—Schwagr. Suppl. t. 92. Ste- reodon (Achyrophyllum) acicularis, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On the earth, in woods, J. D. H., Lyall. Back River Creek. (Gunn, 38.) (Oldfield, 23.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. Australia, New Zealand, Fuegia, Antarctic Islands, South America, Society Islands. $ 5. COCBLEARIFOLIA.— Foliis valde concavis, obtusis, imbricatis, subenerviis. 17. Hypnum cochlearifolium (Schwegr. Suppl. t. 88); dioieum, caule elongato vage ramoso, ramis crassis simplicibus erectis, foliis patentibus imbricatis subrotundis obtusis hemisphmrico-concavis integerrimis enerviis, pericheetialibus vaginantibus, capsula ovata subcernua, operculo conico.—H ypnum flexile, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 10 (non Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oee.). Isothecium flexile, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. (ex parte). Stereodon (Isothecium) cochlearifolius, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Hobarton, J. D. H. On rocks: Elliott Rivulet, Meander River, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand, Australia, Lord Auckland's Islands, Campbell's Island. 18. Hypnum clandestinum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 111. t. 90. f. 3); quasi monoicum, fl. masc. nidulante, caule repente, surculis erectis vage ramosis subincurvis rigidulis, foliis patulis imbricatis subrotundis obtusissimis inflato-concavis subenerviis, pericheetialibus subsquarrosis, seta breviuscula, cap- sula ovata cernua, operculo conico. Has. Banks of Huon River, on moist trunks of trees. Back River Gully. (Guna, 41.) (Oldfield, 73, 78.) Near the summit of Mount Wellington, J. D. H. ` DisrnrB. New Zealand. 19. Hypnum divulsum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 111. t. 90. f. 4) ; dioicum, surculis erectis rigidis vage ramosis, ramis subsimplicibus subincurvis, foliis patulis laxe imbricatis obovato-subrotundis concavis obtusiusculis minute serrulatis seminerviis areolis punctiformibus, perichetialibus squarrosis, cap- sula ovata cernua, operculo conico acuminato. Has. Shady places: Gully, foot of Grass-tree Hill. J ohnny's Creek and Brown's River. (Oldfield.) Back River. (Gunn, 1686, 41.) ^ DisrarB. New Zealand. 212 FLORA OF TASMANIA. . [Musci, by W. Wilson. Smaller than the preceding. 20. Hypnum chlamydophyllum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. t. 61. f. 1); monoicum, caule prostrato vage ramoso, ramis simplicibus elongatis cuspidatis erectis, foliis patentibus imbricatis quadrato- rotundatis basi truncatis auriculatis concavis integerrimis auriculis pellucidis, nervo evanido brevi, seta elongata, capsula ovato-oblonga cernua, operculo conico.— Stereodon auriculatus (Hypnum), Mont. ; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. St. Patrick's River. (Gunn, 1594, 1589.) On moist banks: Mount Wellington. (J. D. H.) Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 11, 75, 76, 257.) On logs: Western Creek, near Cheshunt, Archer. Near the Derwent, Mossman. Disrris. New Zealand, Cape Horn, Campbell's Island. $ 6. CUPRESSIFORMIA.—— Foliis secundis, enervüs. 21. Hypnum cupressiforme (Linn. Sp. Pl. 1592); dioieum, caule vage pinnatimque ramoso, ramis incurvis, foliis falcato-secundis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis concavis enerviis cellulis alaribus opacis quadratis, capsula subcylindrica subcernua, operculo conico cuspidato.— Hehe, Muse. Frond. t. 33. Var. B. minus; ramis gracilibus, „foliis angustioribus.—Stereodon cupressiformis, var. Mossmani. Hypnum Mossmanianum, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 565; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Moist rocks: North-west Bay. (Gunn.) Mount Wellington, J. D. H. Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 81, 89, 102, 313.) Fern-tree Valley, Mount Wellington, Mossman. DisrRiB. All parts of the world. 22. Hypnum patale (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 112. t. 90. f. 6); dioicum, caule procumbente pectinatim ramoso, ramis superne planiusculis confertis patulis, foliis lateralibus distiche patulis omnibus falcato-secundis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis apice subserrulatis enerviis, perichetialibus setaceo-acuminatis erectis serratis, seta elongata, capsula ovato-oblonga horizontali, operculo conico apiculato.—Stereodon chrysogaster (Hypnum), C. Mueller; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. On trees. (Gunn.) (Oldfield.) Cheshunt, Archer. Distrig. New Zealand. Allied to H. cupressiforme.—Leaves more spreading, pale-green, glossy, yellowish at the base. 23. Hypnum leptorrhynchum (Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 621, ex parte); monoigum, caule repente subpinnatim ramoso, foliis falcato-secundis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis siccitate torquescentibus apice ser- rulatis enerviis margine subreflexis, seta gracili levi, capsula oblonga mutante, operculo longirostri.— Schwegr. Suppl. t. 93. Stereodon cyparoides, Bridel; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. Hobarton, etc., on trees, Gunn, Stuart, J. D. H. Johnny’s Creek, (Oldfield, 98.) On logs, frequent : Cheshunt, Archer. , Drsrris. New Zealand, Australia, Antarctic Islands, Isle of Bourbon, South America, South Africa. 24. Hypnum cyparioides (Bridel, Musc. Recent. ii. 2. 138. t. 3. f. 4); H. /eptorrhyncho similli- mum, foliis minus falcatis latioribus subdistiche lateraliter patentibus brevioribus, pericheetialibus angus- tioribus sensim acuminatis, seta gracillima breviori apice arcuata, capsula ovali pendula minuta sub ore constricta leptoderma. Has. South Port, with the preceding. (Stuart.) DisrRrB. Australia. 25. Hypnum cerviculatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 113. t. 91. f. 2) ; dioicum, caule repente subpinnatim ramoso, foliis falcato-secundis lanceolatis acuminatis apice attenuatis serratis margine Musci, by W. Wilson.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 213 vix reflexis enerviis, perichsetialibus ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis serratis erectis, seta scabriuscula crassa bre- viore, capsula oblonga horizontali basi strumulosa exannulata, operculo longirostri.—H. leptorrhynchum, var. 8, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. pt. 1. p. 141. Stereodon cerviculatus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On trees: Hobarton. (Gunn, 48.) (J.D. H.) On logs: Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand, Lord Auckland’s Islands. 26. Hypnum limatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. ii. p. 545); dioicum, caule subpinnatim ramoso, ramis incurvis simplicibus, foliis secundis falcatisve ovato-lanceolatis subpiliferis subintegris enerviis, perichztialibus elongatis recurvis subpiliferis subserrulatis, capsula cylindrica suberecta, operculo conico- apiculato brevi.—Hypnum Terre-Nove, var. ß. australe, Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antaret. i. p. 142. t. 61. A Var. foliis minoribus falcato-secundis vix piliferis, pericheetialibus angustioribus, seta longiori, capsula arcuata. Has. Damp gullies: Brown's River. (Oldfield, 304.) (Lyall) Cheshunt, Archer. Disreis. Australia, Lord Auckland’s Islands, Campbell: Island. 27. Hypnum tenuirostre (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 111); monoicum, caule repente divisionibus sub- pinnatim ramosis, ramis elongatis erectis, foliis falcato-secundis confertis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis con- cavis subintegris enerviis, capsula ovato-oblonga cernua, operculo longirostri. Haz. St. Patrick’s River. (Gunn, 1600.) (Oldfield.) DistriB. New Zealand. 28. Hypnum homomallum (C. Mueller, Muse. Syn. ii. 336); dioicum, foliis erecto-patentibus secundis latiuscule ovato-acuminatis cochleariformi-concavis integerrimis enerviis margine reflexis cellulis alaribus quadratis, perichatialibus angustioribus strictis, seta breviuscula levi, capsula subcernua oblonga curvula, operculo longirostri.—Leskea homomalla, Hampe, Ic. Muse. 1844, t. 6. Hypnum Drummondii, Taylor, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 63. Haz. On rocks, not uncommon. (Gunn, 36, 1691.) (Oldfield, 64.) Rocks facing the sea at Eagle- hawk Neck, J. D. H. South Port, Stuart. DIsTRIB. Australia, New Zealand? Leaves purplish or golden-brown, glossy. 29. Hypnum.Jolliffii (Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined.) ; “monoicam, H. Lozensi habitu statu- raque simile, ramis apicibus cuspidatis, foliis patentibus laxe imbricatis ovali-ellipticis acuminatis concavis obsolete binerviis enerviisve integerrimis vel apice subserrulatis cellulis angustis elongatis alaribus utrinque tribus majoribus hyalinis perichetialibus interioribus tribus erecto-patentibus caulinis conformibus, theca in pedunculo gracili parva ovali inclinata horizontalive, operculo rostro equilongo, peristomio dentibus flavis processibus solidis ciliis in uno breviore coalitis in membranam ad 2 exsertis, annulo simplici."—Stereodon Jolliffi, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. (Tas. CLXXVII. Fig. 1.) Has. On stones and the earth: Western Creek, Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. Very much like H. Lozense, Hook., but with a leaf of a different form. Mitten, l. c.—PLATE CLXXVIL Fig. 1; l and 2, leaves; 3, perichetium; 4, capsule ; 5, peristome :—all magnified. 30, Hypnum contiguum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; monoicum, caule subpinnatim ramoso, ramis apice subcuspidatis, foliis erecto-patentibus sursum subsecundis strictis laxiusculis lanceolatis piliformi-acuminatis VOL. II. 31 214 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. integerrimis enerviis concaviusculis basi flavidis cellulis alaribus vesiculeeformibus, perichetialibus longio- ribus erectis, seta breviuscula levi, capsula pendula elliptico-oblonga, operculo longirostri. (Tas. CLXXVII. Fig. 2.) Has. Trunks of trees: Mount Wellington. (Guan, 51 5.) (Oldfield. On logs and upon the ground, Cheshunt, Archer. Allied to H. subsimplex, C. Mueller, Muse. Syn. ii. 283, from Trinidad, and of the same pale glossy hue.— Leaves less crowded, turned upwards. Capsule larger, pendulous. Male flower smaller.—From H. leptorrhynchum it differs in the wider and shorter leaves, which are not at all falcate, and are somewhat scariose.—PrATE CLXXVII Fig. 2; 1, portion of branch, with pericheetium and capsule; 2, capsule and operculum :—all magnified. $ 7. Foliis distiche imbricatis vel compressis, subenerviis. a. Foliis piliferis. 31. Hypnum extenuatum (Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 484); dioicum, caule elongato rigidulo pro- cumbente inordinate bipinnatimque ramoso, ramis nunc simplicibus nunc apice fasciculatis flagelliferis fra- gilibus, foliis patentibus ovato-lanceolatis piliformi-acuminatis enerviis, rameis superioribus appressis muticis angustioribus, perichetialibus erectis apice capillaceis integerrimis, seta longiuscula levi, capsula ovata inclinata. : Has. Barren specimens only, growing amongst Dicranum pungens. (Lawrence. (Gunn.) DisrRiB. Australia (solitary specimen with capsule, found amongst other species). New Zealand, J. D. H. (barren specimens only.) After much investigation we conclude (C. Mueller contr.) that H. extenuatum, of Bridel, is distinct from our H. crinitum ; or, if not, that Bridel's description is so erroneous as to render identification impossible. The Moss here assumed to be Bridel’s species is larger than H. contiguum.—Stem creeping, 3 inches long or more, with short, erect branches, often fasciculate with numerous flagelliform branchlets. eaves yellowish, somewhat glossy, more decidedly piliferous, but less so than in H. crinitum. Seta 3 inch long, red. 32. Hypnum crinitum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 114. t. 91. f. 4); dioicum, caule procum- bente elongato inordinate pinnatimque ramoso, ramis remotis patentibus planiusculis subpinnatis acutis, foliis subcompressis erecto-patentibus concavis e basi oblongo-ovata obtusa longe piliferis subserrulatis .enerviis, perichztialibus erectis piliferis, seta elongata levi, capsula ovata cernua, operculo conico.—H. filiferum, Taylor, MSS. Has. On trunks of live trees, near springs, etc: Mount Wellington, Lyall. Yorktown and St. Patrick's River. (Guan, 1589, 1669.) Back River Gully and Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 68, 99, 158.) Distris. New Zealand. 33. Hypnum politum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. 110. t. 154. f. 2; Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, 553); dioicum, vage ramosum, ramis elongatis procumbentibus compressis, foliis distiche imbricatis latera- libus patentibus ceteris appressis omnibus oblongis compresso-carinatis subpiliferis integerrimis enerviis, seta longiuscula levi, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo conico-rostellato.—Phyllogonium callichroum, Montagne, in Aun. Nat. Sc. Cent. v. 2 (non Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 673). Has. Damp ground, Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 94.) On rocks, with Bartramia Halleriana. (Gunn, 1631.) - Mount Wellington, Mossman. Distris. New Zealand, Kerguelea's Land, Cape Horn, Chili. Branches 1 inch long. Leaves bright-green, glossy, crowded, much compressed. Seta 1 inch. Operculum above half the length of the capsule. Calyptra dimidiate, coriaceous, Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 215 b. Foliis muticis. 34. Hypnum denticulatum (Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1588); monoicum, caule prostrato parce ramoso, ramis latiuscule complanatis longiusculis subattenuatis, foliis laxe confertis e basi caviuscula asymmetrica late ovatis acuminulatis integerrimis margine inferne recurvis basi subbinerviis, capsula subcylindrica incli- nata, operculo conico acuto.—Hedw. Muse. Frond. t. 31. Stereodon Donianus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Johnny's Creek. (Oldfield, 140.) (Scanty and imperfect specimen, growing amongst Lepto- theca Gaudichaudii.) Cheshunt, Archer. Disrriz. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, Europe, North America. Tribe XXIV. HuizocoNiACEX. Gen. LVI. RHIZOGONIUM, Bridel. Peristomium Hypni. Calyptra subulata, dimidiata. Capsula inclinata, longipedunculata. Opercudum plerumque rostratum.—Surculi subsimplices, erecti, subcompressi, cæspitosi. Fructus dasilaris. Flores- centia dioica. Folia rigida, serrata, vel integerrima. 1. Rhizogonium distichum (Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 665) ; dioicum, foliis distichis ovato-oblongis apice grosse dentatis nervo crasso sub apicem evanido, capsula oblonga horizontali, operculo conico-rostel- lato.—R. Muelleri, Hampe, in Plante Muellerania in Linnea ! (ex Mitten). Hypnum distichum, Schwagr. Suppl. t. 81. Haz. On rocks, Gunn. On stones: Leiith’s Creek, Cheshunt, Archer. Mount Wellington, Moss- man. Disrris. New Zealand. 2. Rhizogonium Novz-Hollandie (Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 664) ; dioicum, foliis distichis sub- marginatis oblongo-ovatis denticulatis nervo valido excurrente breviter cuspidatis, capsula oblonga horizon- tali, operculo rostrato.—Leskea Novee-Hollandie, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 83. Var. foliis secundis. (Gunn.) Haz. On rotten trunks of trees, and near springs: Mount Wellington. Back of Hobarton, on banks and dead wood. East Coast, on trap rocks. (Oldfield, 95.) (J. D. H., 1346.) On dead trees: Western Creek and West-end Rivulet, Cheshunt, Archer. Mount Wellington, Mossman. Drsrris. New Zealand, Australia, Lord Auckland's Islands. More elegant than the last.—Leaves yellowish-green, pellucid, scariose, obscurely margined below. Areole larger, guttulate. Capsule pale-red, purplish at the mouth. Seta reddish, 1 inch long. Operculum nearly as long as the capsule. Inner peristome with short cilia. Annulus large. 3. Rhizogonium bifarium (Schimper, Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 125); dioicum, surculo superne ramoso, foliis distichis distantibus patentibus ovato-lanceolatis concaviusculis submarginatis solidinerviis duplici serie spinuloso-serratis, capsula ovata horizontali, operculo conico-acuminato subrostellato.— Hypnum bifa- rium, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 51. Isothecium bifarium, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 356. Haz. On stones, in wet places. Gullies: Brown’s River, Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 289, 326.) DisrarB. New Zealand. Surculi slender, 2 inch long, bearing fruit about midway, not at the base. Branches few, slender, curved to one side. Rachis zigzag. Leaves dull-green. Seta 2 inch, curved at the top. Capsule small, roundish. 216 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. 4. Rhizogonium spiniforme (Hedw. Musc. Frond. t. 25) ; monoicum, foliis laxe imbricatis paten- tibus rigidis lineari-subulatis marginatis excurrentinerviis duplici serie spinoso-serratis, seta elongata basi- lari, capsula oblonga arcuata horizontali, operculo rostrato.—Hypnum spiniforme, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1587; Bridel, Bryol. Univ. n. 557. Has. Hobarton (barren specimens only), on dead wood, J. D. H. Cheshunt, Archer. Mount Wel- lington, Mossman. Disrris. New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Antarctic Islands, South America, West Indies, Florida, Mexico, Sandwich and Pacific Islands, East Indies, Philippine Islands, Java, Ceylon, and South Africa. 5. Rhizogonium mnioides (Hypnum, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 559); dioicum, foliis erecto-patenti- bus basi decurrentibus lanceolato-subulatis anguste marginatis duplici serie dentatis solidinerviis siccitate tortilibus, seta elongata subbasilari, capsula ovata subcernua, operculo rostrato.—Hypnum mnioides, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 11. H. subbasilare, Schwagr. Suppl. t. 256. Var. 8. contortum ; surculo graciliori, foliis brevioribus siccitate contortis margine involutis, periche- tialibus longius lineari-acuminatis serratis.—R. Hookeri, C. Mueller, et R. Mossmanianum ejusd., Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 547 ; conf. Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Var. y. lutescens; surculo humiliori, foliis confertis lanceolatis (nec basi dilatatis) siccitate parum crispatis, areolis majoribus. | Has. Var. 8. On stones and decayed wood, in damp woods : Mount Wellington, Mossman. Brown's River, Back River Gully. (J. D. H.) (Oldfield, 114, 326.) Var. y. Western Mountains. (Gunn, 1612.) DisrarB. New Zealand, Antarctic Islands, Fuegia, South America. Probably Mnium Hookeri (C. Mueller, Musc. Syn. ii. 555) belongs to our var. f. 6. Rhizogonium subbasilare (Schimper, Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 125) ; monoicum, surculis erectis, foliis erecto-patentibus subsecundis (haud compressis) laxis lineari-lanceolatis pellucidis evanidinerviis laxe reticulatis margine (raro duplici serie) spinuloso-dentatis, seta elongata subbasilari, capsula subcylindrica horizontali, operculo conico.— Hypnum subbasilare, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 10; Fl. Antarct. ii. 417. H. mnioides, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 257. Has. On dead wood, not uncommon. (Gunn, 44, 45 6.) Cheshunt, Archer. DisrarB. Cape Horn, Hermite Island. Gen. LVII. HYMENODON, Hook. fil. et Wils. Peristomium simplex; dentes 16, membranacei, «equidistantes, lineari-subulati, planiusculi, fugaces, apicibus coherentes, membrana basilari angusta connexi. Calyptra dimidiata. Capsula suberecta. Oper- culum rostratum.—Florescentia dioica. Habitus Rhizogonii. Vita arborea. Folia distiche imbricata, . elliptica, plana, pilifera, papillosa ; areolis subrotundis, minutis. 1. Hymenodon pilifer (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. 117. t. 92. f. 3) ; dioicus, surculis simpli- cibus, foliis laxe disticheque imbricatis patentibus elliptico-oblongis planis longe piliferis evanidinerviis papillosis margine crenulatis, perichztialibus lanceolato-acuminatis erectis, seta basilari elongata gracili, capsula inclinata ovali ore coarctata.—Hypnum Mougeotianum, D’Urville ? Has. On trunks of Tree-ferns: Banks of Huon River, J. D. H. Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 217 Tribe XXV. HYPOPTERYGIÆ. Gen. LVIII. HYPOPTERYGIUM, Bridel. Peristomium Hypni. Calyptra conico-subulata, coriacea, plerumque latere fissa. Capsula wequalis, longe pedunculata, cernua vel pendula. Operculum e basi convexa rostratum.—Caulis repens. Surculi dendroidei, pinnatim ramosi, complanati. Folia tristicha, lateralia pterygoidea, obliqua, verticalia, dorsalia (tegmina dicta) minora alitergue conformata, subappressa. Fructificatio lateralis, axillaris. l. Hypopterygium Smithianum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 118); dioicum, surculo bi- pinnatim ramoso inferne nudo, foliis distichis ovato-subrotundis acuminulatis concaviusculis deflexis mar- ginatis evanidinerviis apice denticulatis, tegminibus subrotundis acuminulatis solidinerviis, perichmtialibus Janceolato-acuminatis, capsula pendula, operculo rostrato.—H. Novze-Zelandise, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 562; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Hookeria rotulata, Smith, in Linn. Trans. ix. 279 (non Hedw. Sp. Musc.). Var. folis siccitate magis crispatis, tegminibus oblongis, seta graciliori apice evidentius arcuata. (Lawrence.) : Has. Hobarton, ete. (Gunn, 49, 65.) Kangaroo Bottom, J. D. H. Gullies round Brown's River. (Oldfield, 60.) Top of Grass-tree Hill, South Port, Stuart. On living trees: Western Creek, and other rivulets; Cheshunt, Archer. (Lyall, 95.) Disrris. New Zealand, Norfolk Island. Gen. LIX, LOPIDIUM, Hook. fil. et Wils. Peristomium duplex Leske@; internum, ciliis nullis. Calyptra conico-subulata. Capsula sequalis, inclinata vel cernua, annulata, brevipedunculata. Opereulum rostratum.—Caulis repens. Surculi subden- droidei, pinnatim ramosi ; fronde elongata, erecta ; ramis haud radiatis. Folia tristicha, oblonga, lateralia obliqua. (Name from Moms, a scale.) 1. Lopidium pallens (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 119); monoicum, surculo erecto bipin- natim ramoso inferne nudo, foliis bifariis verticalibus oblongo-ovatis acuminulatis marginatis apice denticu- latis siccitate crispulis subtortilibus, tegminibus cordato-acuminatis, perichetialibus brevioribus, seta sca- berula longiuscula gracili, capsula horizontali annulata, operculo rostrato, peristomii dentibus crebre trabe- culatis. —Leskea concinna, Schwagr. Suppl. t. 269 (non Hook). Hypopterygium Struthopteris, Bridel ; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Haz. On trunks of Tree-ferns: Huon River. South Port, Stuart. On dead timber and trunks of trees: by the Kermandie Rivulet, South Huon. Gullies near Brown's River, Brown, Gunn, 34, 1632, J. D. H., Oldfield, etc. | DisrarB. New Zealand, South America, Chiloe. Essentially distinguished from Z. concinna, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 34, by the inflorescence, and by the rough seta. ' Gen. LX. CATHAROMNION, Hook. fil. et Wils. internum ; dentes 16, lineari-lanceolati, carinati, membrana basilari brevi con- basi lacera. Capsula suberecta, oblonga. Operculum conico-subu- superne pinnatim ramosi. Folia tristicha, subrotunda, ciliata. Peristomium simplex, nexi. Calyptra conico-mitreeformis, latum.— Caulis repens. Surculi dendroidei, Florescentia dioica. (Name from xa0apos, neat.) VOL. IH. 8 x 218 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Musci, by W. Wilson. *1. Catharomnion ciliatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 119); dioicum, surculo pinnatim ramoso inferne nudo, foliis ovato-subrotundis bifariis longe ciliatis. evanidinerviis, tegminibus multo mino- ribus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis ciliatis, setulis intrafoliaceis aciculiformibus, seta breviuscula crassa, cap- sula oblonga suberecta, operculo rostrato.—Pterigynandrum ciliatum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. t. 17. Hypopte- rygium ciliatum, Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 110. Has. Tasmania, Gunn. j Disrris. New Zealand. Gen. LXI. CYATHOPHORUM, P. Beauv. Peristomium duplex, Hypni. Calyptra mitreformis, parva. Capsula sequalis, annulata, brevissime pedunculata, pedunculo vaginula tumida cyathiformi inserto. Opereulum convexo-acuminatum. Flores- centia dioica; antheridia paraphysibus clavatis suffulta.—Caulis repens. Surculi erecti, subsimplices, fili- coidei. Folia tristicha, lateralia verticalia, patentia, obliqua, dorsalia seu tegmina minora, subrotunda, cauli appressa. (Name from xva0os, a cup, popew, I bear ; in allusion to the vaginula.) 1. Cyathophorum pennatum (Bridel, Bryol. Univ. ii. 722) ; dioicum, surculis erectis complanatis, foliis distichis pterygoideis ovato-oblongis obliquis serratis nervo brevi, tegminibus subrotundis apiculatis, seta brevissima curvula, capsula ovali, operculo conico-acuminato.—Hookeria pennata, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 163. Var. 8. minus ; foliis distantibus acutis. Has. Mount Wellington, near Hobarton. (Gunn, 33.) (J. D. H.) (Oldfield.) Rivulets: Cheshunt, Archer. Var. 8. Rivulet near Castle Forbes Bay. (Oldfield, 61.)—(v. v.) Distri. New Zealand, Lord Auckland's Islands. Tribe XXVI. RAcopPILACER. Gen. LXII. RACOPILUM, P. Beauv. Peristomium duplex, Hypni. Calyptra conico-mitreformis, basi inflexa, pilosa, interdum dimidiata, fere nuda. Capsula insequalis, curvata, cernua vel erecta, sulcata, pachyderma, annulata. Operculum rostratum.—Caulis repens, vage subpinnatim ramosus. Folia plerumque dimorpha, lateralia subdisticha, patula, intermedia minora, diversiformia, omnia excurrentinervia, pilifera, minute et opace areolata, sub- rotunda, subpapillosa. 1. Racopilum australe (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 121. t. 92. f. 7); dioicum, caule repente tomentoso radiculoso subpinnatim ramoso, foliis lateralibus distiche patulis siccitate subcrispatis oblongo- ovatis nervo pellucido longe excurrente cuspidatis apice serrulatis, intermediis paullo minoribus surrectis ovato-acuminatis, seta crassa breviuscula, capsula oblonga cernua arcuata sulcata basi strumulosa, operculo brevirostri, calyptra pilosa basi campanulata.—R. strumiferum, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 563; Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Johnny’s Creek. (Oldfield, 93, 147.) (Specimen imperfect.) Cheshunt, Archer. DisrRis. New 2. Racopilum cristatum (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 121. t. 92. f. 5); monoicum ?, caule repente, foliis lateralibus distiche patulis siccitate conniventibus ovali-oblongis obtusiusculis apice serrulatis nervo concolore excurrente cuspidatis, intermediis cordato-acuminatis duplo minoribus, seta longiuscula Musci, by W. Wilson.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 219 gracili, capsula arcuata sulcata, operculo brevirostri, calyptra subulata dimidiata parce pilosa, peristomii dentibus dorso scabris, fl. masc. nidulantibus.—R. tomentosum, C. Mueller, Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 563? fid. Mitten. Has. St. Patrick’s River. (Gunn, 1654.) Huon River, on the ground. (Oldfield, 53.) Kangaroo Bottom, J. D. H. Kermandie Rivulet, South Huon, on logs, stumps, etc. Woodburn, near Richmond, damp ground. Cheshunt, Archer. . DisrarB. New Zealand. Tribe XXVII. HooKERIACER. Gen. LXIII. HOOKERIA, Smith. Peristomium duplex; erternum, dentes 16, lanceolato-subulati, acuminati, incurvi, intus trabeculati, dorso costis prominentibus plus minus distantibus biliratis; internum, membrana plicata in processus 16 carinatos, raro ciliis interpositis, fissa. Calyptra mitreformis. Capsula cernua, ovata, longius peduncu- lata.—Caulis repens, vel prostratus, vage ramosus. Rami plerumque compressi. Folia imbricata vel com- planata, lateralia obliguata, areolis majusculis, rhomboideis vel hexagonis. $ 1. Savtoma.—Calyptra nuda, basi inflexa, integerrima, demum lacera, nec fimbriata. Peristomii externi dentes dorso remotius lirati, interni processus carinati, ciliis nullis. Folia imbricata, subsecunda (haud compressa), immarginata, laxe rhomboideo-areolata. 1. Hookeria tenella (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 122. t. 92. f. 8); dioica, caule humili vage ramoso, foliis confertis imbricatis suberectis secundis oblongo-ovatis acutiusculis margine reflexis enerviis laxe reticulatis pellucidis siccitate plicato-striatis, capsula subcernua ovata parva, operculo rostrato, calyptra nuda mitreeformi. Has. St. Patrick’s River. (Gunn.) Dead wood, dark shady places by the Kermandie Rivulet, South Huon. (Oldfield, 97.) Near springs: Mount Wellington. (J. D. H.) On logs: Cheshunt, and on rocks, Jackey’s Plain Creek, near Cheshunt, Archer. Disrris. New Zealand. $ 2. MNIADELPHUS, C. Mueller.—Calypíra conico-mitraformis, basi fimbriata. — Peristomii interni cilia nulla. Folia plerumque marginata, uninervia, nervo evanido. * Foliis marginatis. 2. Hookeria apiculata (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. t. 155. f. 6); dioica, foliis subrotundo- spathulatis apiculatis marginatis enerviis, seta scabriuscula, capsula cernua, calyptra pilosa basi fimbriata. Has. Circular Head. (Gunn, 1689.) DisrarB. New Zealand, Fuegia. 3. Hookeria amblyophylla (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 123. t. 93. f. 3); dioica, ramis tumidiusculis compressis, foliis confertis distiche imbricatis erecto-patentibus siccitate appressis obovatis obtusissimis marginatis integerrimis evanidinervüs, margine recurvis, perichetialibus obtusis, calyptra fimbriata. Has. Tasmania. (Gunn, 1612 b.) Distris. New Zealand. 4. Hookeria sinuosa (Hook. fil. et Wils.) ; dioica, ramis compressis, foliis obovatis obtusis mar- ginatis evanidinerviis margine planis siccitate undulato-crispatis. (Tas. CLXX VIL Fig. 3.) 220 FLORA OF TASMANIA, [Musei, by W. Wilson. Has. Arthur's Lakes. (Gunn, 1652.) Hobarton. (Oldfield.) (Specimens few and imperfect.) Disrris. New Zealand. (Dr. Sinclair.) Closely allied to H. amblyophylla.—Leaves yellowish, much crisped and undulated when dry, more crowded, of firmer texture; areole smaller, except at the base, near the nerve, where they are larger, lax, and pellucid ; car- tilaginous border wider. Perichetial leaves small, obtuse. Seda 1 inch, smooth, glossy, red, and strong. Calyptra densely fringed at the base, roughish at the apex.—PLATE CLXXVIL Fig. 3; 1, branch and leaf; 2, leaf; 3, male inflorescence :—all magnified. 5. Hookeria pulchella (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. Antarct. part 1. t. 62. f. 1); dioica, ramis subflac- cidis compressiusculis, foliis confertis distiche imbricatis undulatis obovatis obtusis mucronulatis marginatis integerrimis seminerviis, perichetialibus obtusis, capsula inclinata apophysata, operculo rostrato, calyptra fimbriata apice glabra. Haz. With H. amblyophylla and Bartramia Halleriana. (Gunn, 13.) (A few fragments only.) On rocks: rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Distris. New Zealand, Lord Auckland’s Islands. 6. Hookeria crispula (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 122. t. 93. f. 2); dioica, ramis sub- compressis, foliis laxe distichegue patentibus siccitate crispato-undulatis obovatis apiculatis marginatis inte- gerrimis seminerviis opacis (areolis minimis subrotundis) inferne pellucide laxius areolatis, perichzetialibus ovato-acuminatis, seta gracili, capsula operculo a ut in H. rofundifolia.— Mniadelphus crispulus, Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. Has. Leith's Creek, Cheshunt, Archer. Distris. New Zealand. ** Folüs immarginatis. 7. Hookeria microcarpa (Hypnum, Hedw. Sp. Musc. t. 59); dioica, caule vage ramoso, ramis complanatis, foliis distiche imbricatis obovatis obtusis integerrimis immarginatis evanidinerviis basi medio laxe pellucido-areolatis, perichzetialibus minutis ovato-lanceolatis, seta breviuscula, capsula parva cernua vel erecta ovata, operculo rostellato, calyptra basi fimbriata.— Pterigophyllum microcarpon, Brid. xat Univ. ii. 342. Has. Grass-tree Hill, in wet places, seldom in fruit. (Gunn.) (Oldfield, 327,287.) Ovens Creek, and other rivulets, Cheshunt, Archer | DisrarB. New Zealand. $ 3. PTERIGOPHYLLUM, Bridel.—Calyptra basi haud fimbriata, plus minus laciniata, Peristomii externi dentes remoti lirati. Folia complanata, immarginata, laxe areolata, obtusa ; nervo bifurco, medio evanido. 8. Hookeria nigella (Hook. fil. et Wils. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 124. t. 93. f. 6); dioica, caule humil' erecto-incurvo rigidulo subramoso, foliis remotiusculis complanatis lateralibus spathulatis basi angustatis dentatis seminerviis intermediis obovatis dentatis, pericheetialibus rotundo-ovatis concavis, capsula sub- rotundo-ovata pendula, calyptra nuda. Has. Hobarton. (J. D. H.) South Port. (Stuart.) Back River Gully. (Oldfield, 81.) On rocks: in rivulets, Cheshunt, Archer. DrisrRiB. New Zealand. Leaves lurid, shrinking when dry. Seta 1 inch long. Capsule subpyriform, with a rostrate operculum of nearly the same length. Calyptra subconical. Teeth of the peristome with two rather distant red dorsal ridges. 9. Hookeria (Pterigophyllum) obscurum (Mitten); caule bi-tripollicari latitudine cum foliis Hepatice, by W. Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 221 fere trilineari parce ramoso, foliis distichaceo-compressis, lateralibus patentibus late elliptico-spathulatis angulo apicali obtuso basi angustatis intermediis patentibus dimidio brevioribus subtrapezoideis obtusis, iis cauli parallelis mediis dorsalibus et ventralibus erectis appressis late obovatis apice rotundatis, omnibus, foliorum, nervo ad medium brevi-furcato evanido, marginibus superioribus crenulato-serratis, cellulis partis superioris circiter ly unc. diametro metientibus."— Mitten, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined. (Tas. CLXXVII. Fig. 4.) Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Whole plant obscure, blackish-green. Allied to P. denticulatum and P. nigellum, but with its lateral leaves very much narrowed towards the base, and these, as well as the intermedial and medial, of a different form. The species of this genus, from the neglect in their descriptions of the very different forms of the leaves in the several series, are hardly intelligible. Mitten, l. c.—PLATE CLXXVII. Fig. 4; 1, portion of branch and leaves; 2, 3, and 4, leaves :—all magnified. Gen. LXIV. DALTONIA, Hook. et Tayl. Peristomium duplex, Neckeroideum ; externum, dentes sedecim, angusti, subulati, trabeculati, humidi- tate reflexi; internum, cilia totidem similia, cum dentibus alternantia, membrana basilari fere carentia. Capsula erecta. Operculum conico-subulatum. Calyptra mitreformis, basi eleganter fimbriata. Flores- centia monoica vel synoica. l. Daltonia pusilla (Hook. fil. et Wils.); monoica, caule humili decumbente subsimplici, foliis remotiusculis patentibus plus minus secundis siccitate laxis suberispis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis plani- usculis inferne carinatis integerrimis marginatis evanidinerviis, seta brevi gracili apice scabriuscula, capsula inclinata elliptica basi attenuata leptoderma, peristomii dentibus ciliisgue longissimis angustissimis papil- latis. (Tas. CLXXVII. Fig. 5.) E Has. Near springs, on Mount Wellington (very scanty specimen), growing on dead twigs, with Hypnum aciculare. (Oldfield, 67.) About half the size of D. splachnoides, Hook. and Tayl.—Stem 2 lin. Leaves smaller, paler, and somewhat narrower; the areole rather smaller. Seta scarcely 2 lin. long, very slender. Peristome half as long as the capsule, or more, widely spreading and recurved when wet; teeth reddish-brown, distantly trabeculate. Calyptra fringed at the base.— Allied to D. angustifolia, Dz. and Molk., but that, as described, has a different peristome and larger capsule.—PLATE CLXXVII. Fig. 5; 1, branch and fruit; 2, leaf; 3, capsule; 4, calyptra :—all magnified. Nar. Orv. VI. HEPATICA. (Auctore Gul. Mitten, A.L.8.) « The Tasmanian Hepatice, of which 126 are here enumerated, present a few species which appear to be peculiar to the Island, the remainder being found in New Zealand and Fuegia. One-third of the spe- cies included in the Flora of New Zealand have not yet been found in Tasmania; of these some, as Plagiochila Stephensoniana, P. Arbuscula, P. gigantea, and Madotheca Stangeri, are ” large that they would scarcely have been overlooked if they were so generally distributed in Tasmania as they appear to be in the islands of New Zealand. The larger species of Lejeunia seem also to be absent, and Riccia has no representative. It can hardly be supposed that these are entirely wanting in Tasmania, but their ab- sence from the collections yet received shows that if present they are rare. As in the Flora of New Zea- of which nothing further is now known; land, there occur here also some species described by Dr. Taylor, his descriptions and remarks have therefore been inserted in their respective places in the arrangement, which is the same as that adopted in the “Flora of New Zealand.” VOL. II. JL 222 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Hepatice, by W. Mitten. Gen. I. JUNGERMANNIA, Zinn. 1. Jungermannia perigonialis (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 33. pl. 62. f. 7). (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 1.) Has. Rocks near Cummings Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Perianthium tubulosum, elongatum, apice contracto plicato denticulato. Folia involucralia caulinis ambitu oblongis sinu acuto acute bidentatis fere conformia, margine dorsali integerrimis dentieulo uno alterove instructis. Amphigastrium involucrale lingueeforme, obtusum retusumve. The figure before given of this small species represents only the male plant with perigonial leaves. It seems to differ from all the other small bidentate Jungermannie found in the Antarctic regions in its dark stems, which, as well as the brown leaves, are rather glossy. The Jungermannia minuta mentioned in Fl. Antarct. p. 40, is identical with J. ochrophylla of the same work.—PraATE CLXXVIII. Fig. 1; 1, portion of the stem, with leaves and perianth ; 2, leaf, removed from the stem; 3, involucral leaves and stipule :—all magnified. 2. Jungermannia monodon (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 559; Gottsche, Lin- denberg, et Nees von Esenbeck, Synopsis Hepatice, p. 664; Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. pl. 94. f. 2). Has. Tasmania, Spence, Gunn. 3. Jungermannia Tasmanica (Hook. fil. et Tayl) ; caule cespitoso adscendente ramoso, foliis imbricatis patentibus oblongis margine utroque recurvo integerrimo, perianthio terminali oblongo tumido obtuso subincurvo sursum obtuse quadriplicato, ore minute denticulato, foliis involucralibus binis digitato- laciniatis perianthio adpressis.—J. revolvens, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 275. J. Tas- manica, eorund. l.c. p. 274; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 675 et 678. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 2.) Has. Amongst and creeping over a Pe//igera, Circular Head, and with Mastigobryum Nove- Hol- landie, near Yorktown, Gunn. Brown's River Gully, Oldfield. Fusco-viridis. Caulis pollicaris, vage ramosus, repens adscendensve. Folia ovato-oblonga, obtusa, interdum retusa, marginibus recurvis. J. elongella, Taylor, which is probably the same as the East Indian J. orbicularis, appears to have no character whereby it can be distinguished from this species.—PraATE CLXXVIII. Fig. 2; 1, portion of the stem, with leaves :—magnified, 4. Jungermannia colorata (L. et Ldbg.). Has. On a stunted Fagus, at an elevation of 2000 feet. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. On rocks: Goat Hills, New Norfolk ; Grass-tree Hill, and Hospital Bay, South Huon, Oldfield; gathered also by Mr. Archer. ‚5. Jungermannia marginata (Mitten); caule erecto ramoso rigido, ramulis seepe flagelliformi-atte- nuatis, foliis patentibus antice secundis ovalibus integerrimis apice obtusis rariusve retusis margine incras- sato e stratis duabus cellularum composito, amphigastriis ovatis bifidis. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 3.) Haz. Arthur's Lakes, Guan. Brown's River Gully, Oldfield. Sordide fusco-viridis vel nigrescens. Caulis bipollicaris et altior, flexuosus, ramis sepe gracilibus flagellifor- mibus commixtis. Incrassatio foliorum margines quasi ab inflexione adglutioneque serierum duarum cellularum ut tertiam in margine extremo transverse imposita est. Amphigastria diametro cauli adeequantia. A rigid species, with some resemblance to elongated states of J. scalaris, but larger and with more oval leaves. Its evidently margined leaves readily distinguish it from its allies. —PLare CLXXVIII. Fig. 3; 1, portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule; 2, transverse section of the margin of leaf :—both magnified. 6. Jungermannia dentata (Raddi; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 143). Hepatice, by W. Mitten. FLORA OF TASMANIA. 223 Has. On a charred tree: Asbestos Hills, near Yorktown, Gunn. On rotten timber: Grass-tree Hill ; and on charred wood, in damp places, J. D. H, Common on the hills, New Norfolk, etc., Oldfield, Archer. These specimens, in colour and habit, as well as in the cireumstance of their growing upon charred wood, agree very nearly with that form of J. divaricata which was described by Dr. Taylor as J. exiliflora. When com- pared however with that species, they are readily distinguished by the leaves having a certain braided appearance ; the margins of the leaves are everywhere recurved; at the base, on the outer side, they are sometimes spinuloso- papillose, but the small teeth of the edges, from their downward direction, often present the same appearance when the papilla are absent. These different states are all found in European specimens. The J. sguarrosula, Taylor, from Swan River, is synonymous with J. divaricata. J. tubulata, Crypt. Antarct. t. 157. f. 6, differs in no way from ordinary states of J. bicuspidata. J. physocaula, Crypt. Antarct. t. 156. f. 1, seems to be very nearly allied to J. bicuspidata, but is more rigid; it has however no resemblance to J. concinnata. J. longiscypha, Taylor, from Swan River, is not different from J. setacea; also J. asperifolia, Taylor, from Madeira, is a slender form of J. dentata. 7. Jungermannia pulchella (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 94; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 120). Has. Tasmania, Oldfield. Gen. II. PLAGIOCHILA, Vees et Mont. l. Plagiochila falcata (Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 89; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 649). Has. Tasmania, Gunn, Archer. Dense tufts, on rocks: Goat Hills; and on rocks, in streams, Kermandie Rivulet, South Huon, Oldfield. The stems of these specimens are 3 inches or more in height; the leaves erecto-patent and rather loosely dis- posed ; in the lower parts of the stems they are quite entire, but as they approach towards the apex they become more and more denticulate. 2. Plagiochila biserialis (L. et Ldbg.; Lindenberg, Sp. Hep. p. 126. t. 26; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 53 et 652). Has. Macquarrie River, Hb. Taylor. On an old stump of Fagus Cunninghami, at an elevation of 2000 feet, Gunn. 3. Plagiochila pusilla (Mont.; Lindenberg, Sp. Hepat. p. 164; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 53). Has. Tasmania, Hd. Montagne, et Nees ab Esenbeck. 4. Plagiochila Magellanica (Lindenberg, Sp. Hep. Plagiochila, p. 164; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 53).—P. Lindenbergiana, Lehm. in Linnea, iv. p. 367; Pug. pl. 3. p. 53; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 59. P. sphalera, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Crypt. Antarct. p. 121. t. 156. f. 8. P. unciformis, eorund. l.c. p. 119. 4. 150. f. 5; Syn. Hep. p. 653. | Haz. Acheron River, Gunn. The Tasmanian specimens of this species are larger than any of those collected at Cape Horn, and have all their leaves entire; in every other respect they correspond so nearly that they may be supposed to be an entire- similar to those observable in several allied species, as P. falcata and P. retrospectans. The inflexion readily distinguishes P. Magellanica from its allies; the leaves themselves vary plants described as above, and referred to this leaved variety, of the dorsal margins of the leaves in being patulous or appressed, but their form is the same in all the species. 5. Plagiochila retrospectans (Nees ab E.; Lindenberg, Sp. Hep. p. 123. t. 26; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 52 et 650).—Plagiochila ophisthotona, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 511; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 652. 224 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Hepatice, by W. Mitten. Var. 8; foliis integerrimis. Haz. Var. a. Tasmania, Guan.’ St. Patrick's River, 28th October, 1845, Gunn. Near Hobarton, M. Hombron. Brown's River Gully. Moist ground, springs: Mount Wellington, J. D. H. Dense tufts, on rocks, with P. falcata: Goat Hills, Oldfield. Var. 8. With the first, from St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. The description of Dr. Taylor's P. ophisthotona seems to correspond so well with the present species, that it may be easily supposed that it is but one of those instances in which Dr. Taylor imposed a name of his own on an already described species; but as no specimens so marked by him are in British herbaria, it is impossible to be certain if this reference is correct. The form distinguished as var. £ differs in having its leaves everywhere entire; in every other respect they agree with those of the denticulate state. The areolation of the leaves is remarkably minute for the size of the plant. 6. Plagiochila Lyallii (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 132. pl. 96. f. 4). Has. St. Patrick's and Acheron Rivers, Gunn. These specimens are a little larger than those from New Zealand, but have the same habit, and the leaves a little more directed towards the ventral side. The figure of the perianth in the plate above quoted represents it much too short; in another New Zealand specimen since received, the mature perianth coincides in shape with that of P. incurvicolla, represented in the same plate, fig. 2. 7. Plagiochila fasciculata (Ldbg. Sp. Hep. t. 1).-—P. aculeata, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 578; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 627. Has. St. Patrick's River, 16th November, 1844, Guan. South Huon, Oldfield, Archer. The specimens marked P. aculeata by Dr. Taylor in Herb. Hooker, are precisely the common state of P. fasci- culata, but amongst the specimens distributed under the name of P. aculeata, some have been found to belong to P. Stephensoniana, a species not yet received from Tasmania. P. uncialis, to which Dr. Taylor compared his P. aculeata, is a species belonging to the same group as P. fasciculata and P. spinulosa. In Crypt. Antarct. t. 156. f. 7, the leaves are represented with teeth on the dorsal margin, which does not appear to be commonly the case, however it might have been in the specimen from which the figure was drawn; the teeth too on the ventral side are represented too numerous. 8. Plagiochila deltoidea (Ldbg. Sp. Hep. Plagiochila, p. 132. t. 27; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 55). Has. Tasmania, Zebillardiere. 9. Plagiochila strombifolia (Taylor); caule repente, ramis adscendentibus vage ramosis, ramulis elongatis supremis fasciculatis, foliis imbricatis semiovatis convexis deflexis obtusiusculis breviter decurren- tibus patulis, margine ventrali rotundatis apiceque parcius insequaliter dentatis, dorsali rectis subinflexis integerrimis vel ad apicem denticulatis, fructu in dichotomia, perianthio ovato, ala nulla, ore dentato.— G. I. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 655. Jungermannia strombifolia, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 578. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 4.) ; Has. Tasmania, J. D. H., Gunn, Oldfield. Sordide fusco-viridis. Caulis bi-quadriuncialis, dichotome ramosus. Folia patula, late ovata, obtusa, margine ventrali apiceque dentibus brevibus spinosis remotiusculis dorsali recurvo integerrimo, involucralia conformia denti- bus numerosioribus validioribusque munita. Perianthium elongato-oblongum, ore compresso, labiis rotundatis sub- truncatis dentatis. Spicis masculis elongatis, foliis saccatis imbricatis apice patentibus bidentatis. Resembles P. deltoidea in appearance, but its leaves are less deltoid, and more of an ovate outline, and the teeth are more spinous; the perianth too is of a different form, and there is no dorsal wing.—PrATE CLXXVIII. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 225 Fig. 4; 1, a male, and 2, a female plant, of the natural size; 3, a portion of the stem, with leaf; 4, a perianth, removed from the stem; 5, a portion of the male spike, with perigonial leaves :—all magnified. 10. Plagiochila Stuartiana (Gottsche, Icon. Hepat. ined.) ; examphigastriata, ramis adscendentibus innovando-ramosis, foliis subheteromallis obovato-cordatis apice rotundo-obtusis margine dorsali subrecto integerrimo subreflexo vel apicem versus reflexo-involuto descendentibus sub apice et ventrali margine arcuato-dentatis, fructu . . , spica mascula e 7-9 paribus foliorum perigonialium subbidentulorum cetero- quin integerrimorum conflata.—Gottsche, in Plante Muelleriane. Has. Tasmania, Stuart. In systemate in vicinitate P. ambigue, Ldbg. et Hampe in Linnea, t. 24. p. 640, ponenda.— Gottsche. Gen. III. LEIOSCYPHUS, Mitten. l. Leioscyphus chiloscyphoideus (Mitten). —Plagiochila chiloscyphoidea, Lindenberg et Lehm. Pug. vii. p. 4; Montagne, in Voy. au Póle Sud, i. p. 267. Chiloscyphus amphibolius ef C. retusatus, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p. 441. Lophocolea multipenna, eorund. l. c. p. 49. Has. Amongst Mastigobryum accretum : St. Patrick's River, Gunn. o Chiloscyphus amphibolius, Nees ab E., gathered in Brazil by Dr. Von Martius, is a smaller species, and has leaves of a thinner texture than any of the specimens here referred to the Plagiochila chiloscyphoidea of Lindenberg, . a plant which possesses all the characters attributed to Leioscyphus, having the habit of Zophocolea or Chiloscyphus, and the perianth of Plagiochila. Besides the three species which Dr. Taylor made of this plant, it composed part of his Lophocolea pallide-virens, probably all that part regarded by him as “(status minor) omnino fuscati,” for the specimens are all of a brown colour, not observable in the Lophocolea itself. The bulk of the specimens of Lopho- colea multipenna undoubtedly belong to the present species; but creeping over it in very small quantity is a per- fectly distinct species of Lophocolea, which seems to have furnished part of the characters designating L. multipenna, particularly the triquetrous perianth ; but the form of the leaves, “ obovatis ” and “ ovato-oblonga,” relates alone to a rather smaller than usual state of Leioscyphus chiloscyphoideus, and specimens exactly similar were gathered at Cape Horn. To this genus belongs Z. equatus, Flor. Antarct. p. 433. t. 158. f. 3, L. strongylophyllus, l. c. t. 62. f. 9, L. reclinans, 1. c. t. 159. f. 1, of which the perfect perianth is nearly three times longer than broad, compressed, the mouth truncate and smooth; about half an imperfect perianth is represented in the figure 4. In L. (urgescens, Le. t. 64. f. 2, the perianth is compressed, the mouth wide, and the lips smooth; but it presents slight indications of being formed of three parts, namely the two uppermost leaves and amphigastrium, for there are often two notches in the mouth, just where the line of union must be supposed to be. Gen. IV. LOPHOCOLEA, Nees. 1. Lophocolea heterophylloides (Nees ab E. ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 157).—L. subemarginata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 367; @. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 696. Has. On logs under water, and on the earth and decayed wood : St. Patrick’s River. Yorktown Rivulet, Günn. Johnny’s Creek, New Norfolk. Springs: Mount Wellington, J. D. H. Dense tufts, on stones: Back River Gully. Near the Derwent, Port Esperance, and Woodburn, near Richmond, Oldfield. Rivulets : Cheshunt, Archer. 2. Lophocolea Gunniana (Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 169). Has. In tufts of grass: Hampshire Hills, Guan, 1838, Hb. Nees ab Esenbeck. Also on logs under water, in St. Patrick’s River, 26th November, 1844, Gunn. This species is retained as distinct from the preceding, from the absence of decided intermediate specimens, but VOL. II, oM 226 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Hepatice, by W. Mitten. there are not wanting some which seem to indicate that, like some of the forms of L. Nove-Zelandie, the form of the stipule may be considerably modified, as well as the habit of the plants, by the situation in which they may have grown. 3. Lophocolea austrigena (Taylor).—Jungermannia austrigena, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antaret. p. 125. t. 157. f. 7, et t. 158. f.5; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 702. Has. Growing in water on the top of Fatigue Hill, elev. 4000 feet. A smaller form submersed : St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. Wet places, in gullies, near Brown’s River, Oldfield. All the Tasmanian specimens of this plant are very much smaller than those from Hermite Island, but in other respects offer nothing to distinguish them. The species is an undoubted Lophocolea, and is closely allied to Z. pa- lustris (Jungermannia palustris, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p. 481. t. 157. f. 8), and to L. otophylla (Junger- mannia otophylla, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p. 493. t. 158. f. 4), which has a trigonous, ovate-oblong peri- anth, the lips entire and undulate. Amongst the Antarctic species which have been erroneously referred to Chilo- scyphus are Lophocolea fuscovirens (Jungermannia, Flor. Antaret. t. 440. f. 7), where the figure justly represents it as a Lophocolea, and L. australis (Jungermannia, Flor. Antarct. p. 156. t. 65. f. 3), but the perianth is falsely de- scribed and figured as bialate and bilabiate, its true form being prismatic, and of course trilabiate. 4. Lophocolea Tasmanica (Mitten) ; caule procumbente ramoso, foliis divaricatis explanatis sub- ovatis apice sinu parvo subobliguo bidentatis ceeterum integerrimis per paria cum amphigastrio parvo quad- ridentato coalitis involucralibus subellipticis recurvatione marginum integerrimarum vel rarius in margine dorsali unidenticulato, convexis apice bidentatis cum amphigastrio ovali breviter bidentato et utrinque uni- denticulato connatis, perianthio prismatico angulis alatis, alis labliisque dentatis. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 5.) Has. On rotten wood, Archer. Viridis. Caulis uncialis, prostratus, vage ramosus. Folia explanata, cellulis teneris pellucidis limitibus angustis. Nearly allied to Z. connata, Sw., and L. Beecheyana, Taylor. From the first it differs in the form of the leaf and emargination, the sinus being narrower, and the cells have thinner walls; from Z. Beecheyana, as well as from L. Martiana, Nees, it recedes in the entire ventral margins of its involucral leaves.—PrATE CLXXVIII. Fig. 5 ; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule ; 2, a perianth, removed from the involucral leaves ; 3, involucral leaves and stipule :—all magnified. 5. Lophocolea lenta (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p.154; Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 136. t. 197. f. 2).—L. diademata, eorund. Lond. Jouri. bot. 1844, p. 560; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 692. L. secun- difolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. l.c. p. 438. t. 159. f. 2. Has. Near Hobarton, J. D. H. 6. Lophocolea bidentata (Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 159). Has. Tasmania, Stuart. Banks of the Derwent. Springs: Mount Wellington. Deep Gully, Mount Wellington. High bleak hill, Major's Falls, New Norfolk. In brackish swamps near the sea: North- west Bay, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. a T. Lophocolea amplectens (Mitten) ; caule cæspitoso decumbente vage subpinnatim ramoso exili, foliis imbricatis sabquadratis profande emarginatis, laciniis acuminatis acutis amplectentibus, amphigastriis ovatis bifidis, segmentis extus unidentatis. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 7.) Has. Amongst rocks near the top of Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Luteo-viridis, dein fuscescens. Caulis circiter semipollicaris, vage ramosus, rami persæpe foliis minoribus. ie: patentin; sinu lato emarginata, laciniis erectis subcomplicatis e cellulis parvis areolata. Amphigastria caulem latitudine parum superantia, ambitu ovata. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 227 In size and habit very nearly resembling the European Hurpanthus scutatus, Spruce (J. scutata, Hook.), but its leaves and stipules are of a different form, and were it not for the form of the stipule being exactly that which pre- vails in almost all the species of Lophocolea, it would rank nearer to some Jungermannie. Scraps of a species very similar, or perhaps even identical, have been picked from amongst Lichens from Cape Horn, the Falklands, and Campbell’s Island.—PrATE CLXXVIIL Fig. 7; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule : —magnified. 8. Lophocolea decurva (Mitten); caule procumbente subsimplici, foliis ovatis sinu parvo obtuso breviter bidentatis margine dorsali rectiusculo basi longe decurrente ventrali arcuato, amphigastriis late ovatis concavis marginibus inflexis ad tertiam partem, dentibus subulatis recurvis bidentatis. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 6.) Has. Amongst Gofíschea Lehmanniana, Nees, and Symphogyna flabellata, N. et M. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. Ameene viridis. Caulis pollicaris, gracilis. Folia imbricata, apice decurva. Amphigastria magna, concava. A small plant, readily distinguishable by its concave stipules, which have their two slender teeth bent back. In general appearance it has more resemblance to some small forms of Plagiochila Mauritiana, Nees, than to any Lophocolea.—VrL ATE CLXXVIII. Fig. 6; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves; 2, the stipule, as seen on the ven- tral side of the stem; 3, transverse section of the stipule, showing its incurved margins. 9. Lophocolea Novee-Zelandiz (Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 168). Has. Near Hobarton, J. D. H. 10. Lophocolea leucophylla (Tayl.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 155). Haz. Tasmania, Herb. Greville. A. few slender stems have been picked from amongst other Zepa- tice from the Acheron River, gathered by Mr. Gunn. | i ll. Lophocolea muricata (Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 169 et 703).—L. hirtifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 366; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 103. Has. On Sticta chloroleuca, Hook. fil. et Tayl., J. D. H. On the old fronds of a Fern: St. Patrick's River, Gunn. The geographical range of this little species appears to be very extensive. It is to be found throughout South America, including Panama, as well as in Java and in India. Gen. V. CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda. 1. Chiloscyphus conjugatus (Mitten) ; caule repente elongato parce dichotome ramoso, foliis im- bricatis oblongo-rotundatis perfoliatis margine dorsali remotiuscule spinuloso-dentato basi in marginem folii oppositi transverse abeunte margine ventrali integerrimo et basin versus sinu rotundo cum amphigas- trio suborbiculato basi utrinque sinuato et ibidem dentibus paucis spinosis armato superne minute sparse- que dentato coalito. (Tas. CLXXIX. Fig. 2.) Has. In a rivulet near the Acheron River, with Gottschea ciliata, G. Lehmanniana, and G. pinnati- Jolia, October 2nd, 1845, Gunn. Fuscus. Caulis semipedalis, erectus adscendensve. Folia antice subconniventia, perfecte perfoliata, margine dorsali vel minute spinuloso-denticulato vel integerrimo. Amphigastria magna dimidiam folii adeguantes, superne margine parce denticulato incurvo caviuseula. Textura foliorum e cellulis minutis rotundatis intercalaribus dis- tinctis. Without exception the largest species of the genus. In external appearance and colour it resembles C. Billar- dieri, but the form of its leaves, and particularly that of the stipules, which resemble nothing so much in outline as the human occiput as seen from behind, render it very distinct from all allied species. The united dorsal margins 228 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Hepatice, by W. Mitten. cross the stem transversely without the least tendency to decurrence. The apices of the leaves being a little incurved, and the leaves themselves subconnivent, give the plants a canaliculate appearance.—PrATE CLXXIX. Fig.2; l,a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule :—magnified. 2. Chiloscyphus Billardieri (Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 175 et 704). Has. Tasmania, Zabi//ardiêre, Menzies. 9. Chiloscyphus Gunnianus (Mitten); caule repente vage ramoso, foliis imbricatis perfoliatis subdeltoideis apice bispinosis margine dorsali spinoso-dentato in folium oppositum late transeunte margine ventrali bidentato basin versus valde arcuato in amphigastrium transverse oblongum apice breviter biden- tatum lateribus extus circiter quadridentatis decurrente. (Tas. CLXXVIII. Fig. 8.) Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Sordide pallide fusca. Caulis bipollicaris, flaccidus. Folia explanata, margine dorsali apicem basinque versus dentibus subulatis spinoso-dentato, medio ssepe leviusculo, apice ut plurimum bispinoso, rarius unispinoso, margine ventrali undulato, dentibus latioribus. Amphigastria transverse oblonga vellatissime cordata, sinu brevi rotundato breviter bidentata, lateribus utrinque medium versus breviter quadridentatis. Textura foliorum tenera, e cellulis parvis hexagonis interealaribus nullis composita. Spice mascule breves, foliis ovatis acutis dentatis concavis, inter folia amphigastriaque omnino latentia. A remarkable species, possessing considerable resemblance to C. Billardieri in the general outline and dentation of its leaves, but its areolation is altogether different. —PrATE CLXXVIII. Fig. 8; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule :—magnijied. 4. Chiloscyphus fissistipus (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p. 157). Has. Tasmania, Labillardicre. St. Patrick's River, 28th October, 1845, and Circular Head, Gunn. Back River Gully, Oldfield. Tents Creek, Archer. 5. Chiloscyphus cymbaliferus (Jungermannia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Flor. Antarct. p. 137. t. 64. f. 5; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 711). Has. Mount Wellington, Mossman, 180, in part. 6. Chiloscyphus sinuosus [Hook.] (G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 175 et 705). Has. Valleys near Hobarton, J. D. H. North-west Bay Gully, Oldfield. 7. Chiloscyphus coalitus [Hook.] (G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 180 et 706). Has. Tasmania, Gunn, J.D.H. Among other Hepatice : Back River Gully, Mount Wellington, Oldfield. West-end Rivulet, Archer. : : The perianths of this species are small, campanulate, and with the Jaciniee of the unequally dentate mouth incurved. The involucral leaves are minute and denticulate. 8. Chiloscyphus laxus (Mitten; Hook. fil. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 142. pl. 99. fig. 1). .. Has. Growing amongst Symphogyna flabellata and Lepidozia tenaz, Gunn. With Radula buccinata and Metzgeria furcata: Back River Gully. North-west Bay Gully, Oldfield. 9. Chiloscyphus tridentatus (Mitten); caule procumbente elongato subsimplici, foliis patentibus brevi-oblongis subquadratisve distiche explanatis apice truncatis breviter tridentatis sinubus obtusis margi- nibus recurvis superficiem convexam formantibus statu sicco vel humido immutatis, amphigastriis parvis quadridentatis basi uno latere cum folio coalitis, perianthio juvenili in ramo brevissimo laterale campanu- lato ?—C. combinatus, Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 141; G. L. et N. ex parte Syn. Hep. p. 182. (Tas. CLXXIX. Fig. 1.). Has. Tasmania, Dumont @ Urville, Archer. Damp ground: Grass-tree Hill, Oldfield. St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. . 999 Pallide fusco viridis. Caulis subuncialis, parce radiculosus. Folia firma, convexa, apice ut plurimum sub- truncata, breviter tridentata, rarius bidentata. À small species, often not much longer than C. echinellus, with rarely branched stems, and leaves of a firm texture, not altered in form or direction by drying. The original specimens of C. combinatus, kindly lent by Nees von Esenbeck, are a rather larger species, with soft and flaecid leaves composed of more lax cells. —Pıate CLXXIX. Fig. 1; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule :—magnified. 10. Chiloscyphus echinellus (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 141).—Lophocolea echinella, G. Z. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 708. Hap. Creeping amongst Mosses, Archer. Gen. VI. PSILOCLADA, Mitten. 1. Psiloclada clandestina (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 143. pl. 99, f. 4). Han. Tasmania, Gunn. Gen. VII. GYMNANTHE, Tayl. 1. Gymnanthe saccata (Tayl. Fl. Ant. p. 153; G.L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 193 et 712).—Junger- mannia saccata, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 16. Haz. Ovens Creek, Archer. 2. Gymnanthe tenella (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 377; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 192 et 712). (Tas. CLXXIX. Fig. 3.) : Han. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. Springs: Mount Wellington, Oldfield, Mossman. Brown’s River, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. It appears that, although Dr. Taylor first distinguished this from @. saccata, he had afterwards misgivings that it was but a state of the same species, for notwithstanding the great difference in appearance between the speci- mens of G. tenella in Herb. Greville, and the larger states of G. saccata, differences for the most part owing to the subbidentate leaves and empty cells in the original specimens, all those received from New Zealand and Tasmania, although having the leaves of the same form, have the cells more or less replete with colouring matter, and agree in colour and substance with those of G. saccata, there being in reality-no difference between the two in the size of the cells. It is greatly to be desired that @. saccata, G. tenella, and G. Urvilleana should be carefully observed in their places of growth, for it appears by no means improbable that they are but different states of the same species. —PLaTE CLXXIX. Fig. 3; 1, a portion of stem and leaves :—magnified. 9. the Urvilleana (Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 468; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 193 et 712; Fl. Antaret. pp. 153 et 435).—Scapania Urvilleana, Mont. Voy. au Póle Sud, t. 16. f. 2. Plagiochila abbreviata, 7ay/. (Jungermannia) Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, pp. 374 et 317; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 646. Has. Tasmania, Gunn, J. D. H., Archer. 4. Gymnanthe cinerascens (Lehm. et Ldbg.; Mitten).—J ungermannia cinerascens, Lehm. et Ldbg. in Pug. pl. 4. p. 46; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 78. (TAB. CLXXIX. Fig. 4.) Has. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. | Although the perfect torus of this species is yet wanting, there are suficient etm present in the sposi- mens to warrant its being placed in this genus. The stipules, overlooked in the description of the plants in the * Synopsis Hepaticarum,’ are nevertheless present as well in the specimen kindly contributed by Dr. Lehmann as in 3N VOL. II. 230 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Hepatice, by W. Mitten. those gathered by Mr. Gunn, but they are not obvious on all the stems, and are thus easily overlooked. The invo- lucral leaves scarcely differ in form from the cauline, but are concave, and enclose four or five pistils, seated on the dorsal side of the abrupt and slightly thickened apex of the stem itself; within the involucre there has been observed a small stipule-like leaflet, but not apparently representing the stipule, which, although present, has no part in the for- mation of the torus in the plants of this and allied genera.—PrATE CLXXIX. Fig. 4; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule; 2, a stipule, removed from the stem ; 3, apex of the stem, with leaves; 4, the same, with front leaves removed to show the dorsal position of the pistils :—ad/ magnified. 5. Gymnanthe diplophylla (Mitten). —Jungermannia diplophylla, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 377; Fl. Antarct. p. 40. pl. 64. f. 4. Gottschea diplophylla, Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. . Hep. p. 624. (TAB. CLXXIX. Fig. 5.) Has. Bogs: Brown’s River ; and wet ground: Kermandie Rivulet, Oldfield. Elliot Rivulet, Archer. Caulis in plantis fertilibus brevis, semiuncialis. Torus ex apice caulis arcuati descendens, brevis, eylindricus, vio- laceus, radicellis parvis obtectus. Folia superiora magis lacero-dentata. Amphigastria superiora caulinis conformia, usque ad medium fere tori protractis, ulteriora violacea. The fertile plants of this most curious species were gathered in New Zealand by Mr. Kerr, and thus is set at rest the before very doubtful place of the present and of G. erinacea (Jungérmannia), Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. pl.161.f. 4. Indeed the whole appearance of the barren plants of both species is so different from that of G. saccata, that without fertile specimens their affinity with Gymnanthe could hardly have been expected. The torus appears to agree in all particulars with that of G. saccata, and on the under side, that is to say, on the side next to the stem, the amphigastria are continued, the lower one having the same violet colour as the torus itself, —PLATE CLXXIX. Fig. 5; 1, apex of the stem, with the leaves on the front side removed, showing the torus with the stipules on its inner side. 6. Gymnanthe concinna (Mitten) ; caule repente ramoso, foliis imbricatis oblongo-ovatis concavis apice rotundatis sursum conniventibus vel parum explanatis, involucralibus majoribus conformibus vel apice retusis, toro . . . (Ta. CLXXIX. Fig. 6.) Has. Tasmania, Gunn, creeping over Jungermannia Tasmanica, Tayl. Pallide viridis. Caulis 3—8-linearis, hic illie radiculosus, apice fructifero descendente. Folia apicem versus sen- sim majora, involucralia convoluta. Torus juvenilis (apex caulis incrassatus) archegoniis 5—6 praeditus.  very small species, of a very neat habit, and with somewhat the look of the stems of some states of the Euro- pean Jungermannia nana, Nees. The apex of the stem is slightly thickened, and curved downwards, and the invo- lucral leaves being directed upwards at right angles, give the stems of this and some alied species an abrupt appear- ance. The areolation is similar to that of G. Urvilleana. A few stems of apparently the same species have been picked from a specimen of Marchantia globosa, Bischoff, from the Cape of Good Hope. G. concinna is closely allied to G. lutescens, from the East Indies, and G. Bustillosii, Mont., from Peru, but is easily distinguished by the cha- racters above given.—PraATE CLXXIX. Fig. 6; 1,a portion of the stem, with leaf; 2, apex of the stem, with leaves ; 3, the same, with the leaves removed from the front side to show the pistils :—all magnified. 7. Gymnanthe Drummondii (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p: 144, pl. 99. f, 8). Has. Bogs: Brown’s River, Oldfield. Gen. VIII. LEPIDOZIA, G. L. et N. l. Lepidozia microphylla (Hook. ; Ldbg. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 16. t. 2).—Jungermannia m: crophylla, Zoo£. Musc. Exot. t. 80. Has. Acheron River, Gunz. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 231 2. Lepidozia procera (Mitten) ; caule erecto simpliciter pinnato, ramis breviusculis attenuatis de- curvis, foliis minutis erecto-patentibus remotis ovato-guadratis quadrifidis, laciniis rectis acutis, amphigastriis minoribus subquadratis quadrifidis. (Tas. CLXXX, Fig. 1.) Has. Tasmania, Guan. Mount Wellington, among Plagiochila retrospectans and L. Ulothrix, Old- field. Pallide fusca. Caulis semipedalis, gracilis, simplex. Rami graciles, attenuati. Folia remota, e cellulis parvis areolata. Similar in appearance to some states of Z. microphylla, but differing in the narrower outline of its stems (owing to the shortness of the branches), and the leaves are more deeply quadrifid with more acute lacinim, which are not collected together at their apices, but stand out from each other.—PraATE CLXXX. Fig. 1; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves; 2, a leaf, removed from the stem :—all magnified. 9. Lepidozia quadrifida (Ldbg.; idem et Gott. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 23. t. 4; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 203). Has. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. 4. Lepidozia capilligera (Schwegr.; Ldbg.; idem et Gott. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 25. t. 4; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 204). Has. Tasmania, Labillardiére [Herb. Montagne]. The Falls, Archer. Castle Forbes Bay Rivulet, Oldfield. Mount Wellington, Mossman, 780 in part. 5. Lepidozia przenitens (Lehm. et Ldbg.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 206; Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 33. t. 6). Haz. Brown’s River, Oldfield. 6. Lepidozia Gottscheana (Ldbg.; Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 145). Has. Tasmania, Labillardiére, amongst Sarcomitrium cochleatum. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. On dead wood: Grass-tree Hill, Oldfield. 7. Lepidozia centipes (Tayl.; Ldbg. et Gott. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 29. t. 5; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 204). Has. Tasmania, Spence. On damp ground: Kermandie Rivulet, South Huon, Oldfield. 8. Lepidozia glaucophylla (Tayl.); caule simplice procumbente bipinnato, ramis segualibus vel capillari-attenuatis, foliis subcontiguis semiverticalibus late ovato-guadratis planiusculis integerrimis guad- rifidis laciniis acuminatis, amphigastriis distantibus patulis ovato-guadratis ad medium usgue quadrifidis integerrimis.—Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 580; Ldbg. et Gott. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 39; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 207. i Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Back River Gully, New Norfolk. Castle Forbes Rivulet, South Huon, Oldfield. Rivulet at Cheshunt, and amongst Sphagna, Western Mountains, Archer. Pallide glauco-viridis. Caulis pollicaris bi-tripollicarisve. Folia remotiuscula, fere quadrata, divergentia ; laciniis brevibus, acuminatis, e cellulis minutis areolatis, subopacis, subalbidis. Readily distinguished from all allied species by its glaucous-white colour. 9. Lepidozia leevifolia (Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 157; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 208; Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 47. t. 7). Has. Back River Gully, with fruit, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. 10. Lepidozia cupressina (Ldbg. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 42. t. 7; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 207). Has. Tasmania, Dumont d' Urville, Herb. Montagne et Nees. 232 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Hepatice, by W. Mitten. ll. Lepidozia pendulina (Ldbg.; idem et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 49. t. 7 ; Syn. Hep. p. 208). —Jungermannia pendulina, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 60. Has. North-west Bay Gully and Castle Forbes Bay Rivulet, Oldfield, Archer. 12. Lepidozia Ulothrix (Ldbg. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 57. t. 10; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 210). —Lepidozia albula, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 47. pl. 65. f. 6. Has. Tasmania, Fraser. North-west Bay Gully, and about springs, Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Ovens Creek, Archer. 13. Lepidozia capillaris (Swartz; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 212; Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepi- dozia, p. 69. t. 6). Has. Bare ground, in bogs: Brown's River, Oldfield. 14. Lepidozia tenax (Greville; Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. Lepidozia, p. 63. t. 12; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 212). i Has. With Symphyogyna flabellata and Chiloscyphus laxus: St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. Brown’s River, Castle Forbes Bay Rivulet, South Huon, Oldfield. 15. Lepidozia Lindenbergii (Gottsche; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 213; Ldbg. et G. Sp. Hep. p. 66. t. 11). Haz. A few slender stems creeping amongst Chiloscyphus conjugatus : Acheron River, Gunn. Gen. IX. MASTIGOBRYUM, G. Z. et N. 1, Mastigobryum Colensoanum (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 147. pl. 100. f. 3). Has. Tasmania, Oldfield. 2. Mastigobryum involutum (Ldbg.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 220 et 717).—Herpetium invo- lutum, Mont. Voy. au Póle Sud, t. 18. Fe Me Has. Kangaroo Bottom, J. D. H. Goat Hills, Oldfield. 9. Mastigobryum Novee-Hollandize (Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 221.et 717). Has. Var. a. Tasmania, Fraser. Var. y. St. Patrick's River, and near Yorktown, Gunn. Dense tufts, on rotten wood: Goat Hills, New Norfolk; and springs: Mount Wellington. Brown's River Gully, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer, 4. Mastigobryum monilinerve (Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 223). Has. With Lophocolea echinella : the Snugg, Huon, Oldfield. M. echinatum, Gottsche ; idem, Lindenberg, et Nees, Syn. Hep. p. 218. Jungermannia dirhyncha, Tayl., seems to have been recorded as from Tasmania by mistake, for the specimen in Herb. Greville is from the East Indies. Gen. X. ISOTACHIS, Mitten. 1. Isotachis subtrifida (Mitten, Fl. N. Zeal. p- 149).—Jungermannia subtrifida, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 579; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 681. (Tas. CLXXIX. Fig. 7.) Haz. Tasmania, Lawrence. Pare CLXXIX. Fig. 7 ; 1, portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule; 2, leaf, and 3, stipule, removed from the stem :—all magnified. : | 2. Isotachis Gunniana (Mitten) ; caule erecto prolifero-ramoso, foliis cordatis conduplicatis apice Hepatice, by W. Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 233 marginatis marginibus uno binisve dentibus armatis, amphigastriis paulo majoribus conformibus, foliis invo- lucralibus exterioribus latioribus interioribus minutis, perianthio cylindrico rugoso apice contracto dia- phano. (Tas. CLXXIX. Fig. 8.) Has. Arthur's Lakes, Gunn, Archer. Fusca. Caulis cespitosus, uncialis biuncialisve, erectus. Folia divaricata, subverticalia, involucralia caulinis similia, interiora minuta et perianthio adpressa. Perianthium cylindricum, crassum, rugosum, apice albidum, dia- phanum, minute plicatum. Very nearly allied to 7. madida in size, colour, and habit, but with wider and less deeply notched leaves, which are also more distant and divaricate. The perianth, like that of 7. Lyellii and I. madida, is remarkably thick and fleshy ; in the last-named species it is composed of five strata of cells, the roughness on its exterior surface appears to be caused by the partial breaking up of the external wall of cells, and resembles that of the calyptre of the Sar- eomitria —PLATE CLXXIX. Fig. 8; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule; 2, a leaf, and 3, a stipule, removed from the stem; 4, the perianth, removed from the involucral leaves; 5, the involucral leaves and stipule, showing the smaller internal leaves :—all magnified. 9. Isotachis intortifolia (Mitten).—Jungermannia intortifolia, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Crypt. Antarct. p. 38. pl. 64. f. 1. Has. On rocks: Rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Gen. XI. SCAPANIA, Ldbg. l. Scapania obtusifolia (Mitten).—Jungermannia obtusifolia, Hook. Brit. Jung. t. 26; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 16. J. domestica, Gottsche, Plante Muelleriana. Has. Rivulet near Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Grass-tree Hill, Oldfield. These specimens appear to agree in every respect with British examples; and although Dr. Gottsche has re- cently, from the Australian specimens gathered by Dr. F. Mueller, described it as a distinct species, yet the sum of the characters he has given amount only to this,—that the stems are a little longer, and the perianth a little shorter, than in European specimens of Jungermannia obtusifolia, with which he admits that it otherwise agrees : the Tas- manian specimens, evidently the same species as those from Australia, have not that appearance presented by Dr. Mueller's, from his having grown in a compact tuft. A careful examination of the insertion of the leaves of this species, as well as of those of Jungermannia albicans, has confirmed the fact, already suspected from the substance of the leaves themselves, that they belong to that section of the leafy Hepatice whose leaves are inserted with the dor- sal angle nearest towards the apex of the stems,—incubous,—in this particular they are at once removed from Jun- germannia, and agree with Scapania, excepting that the perianth is not appressed, but contracted at the mouth, con- trary to the characters ascribed to Seapania ; nevertheless precisely the same kind of perianth is sometimes produced by S. undulata, but whatever variations may take place in the form of the perianth, Scapania, with the additions here proposed, forms a most natural genus, whose place must be near to Gottschea. 2. Scapania densifolia (Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 72).—8. vertebralis, Tayl. ; G. L. et N. l.c. pp. 72 et 663. Jungermannia densifolia, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 36. Has. Tasmania, Gunn. There appears to be no difference, excepting the paler colour, to distinguish S. rertebralis from the present, and the perianth is, as in other species of the genus, flattened, and at the apex truncate. : Gen. XII. GOTTSCHEA, Nees ab E. 1. Gottschea pinnatifolia [ Hook.] (Nees; Syn. Hep. pp. 22 et 625). Haz. In a rivulet near the Acheron River, with Chiloscyphus conjugatus, Gunn. VOL. II, 30 234 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Hepatice, by W. Mitten. The leaves of the Tasmanian specimens of this species are scarcely at all sinuato-pinnatifid, but in other respects agree with those from New Zealand. 2. Gottschea ciliata (Mitten; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 151. pl. 101. f. 4). Haz. In the same locality, and with the preceding species, Gunn. 9. Gottschea Lehmanniana (Ldbg. in Lehm. Pug. iv. p. 60; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep.’ pp. 20 et 623). Has. Dense forest near Franklin River. Near the Acheron River, and in a rivulet near the same, with the preceding species, Gunn. Back River Gully and elsewhere, common, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. Gen. XIII. POLYOTUS, Gottsche. 1, Polyotus claviger (Hook.; Gottsche; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 152). Has. Var. y. Taylori. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. 2. Polyotus brachycladus (Tayl.; Gottsche; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 247). (Tas. CLXXX. Fig. 2.) Has. Tasmania, Neill, 1824, Spence (Herb. Greville). Prate CLXXX. Fig. 2; 1, a portion, with leaves and stipule, magnified. 3. Polyotus Magellanicus (Lamarck ; Gottsche; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 248; Lamarck, Encyc. Bot. iii. p. 284; Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 115. Has. St. Patrick's River, in great profusion, and finely fruiting, Guan. Mount Wellington and Ker- mandie River, South Huon, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. Gen. XIV. SENDTNERA, Zndlicher. l. Sendtnera juniperina (Sw.; Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 230). Has. A few stems picked out of other Hepatice, gathered in Tasmania by Mr. Gunn. In bogs : summit of Mount Wellington, Oldfield. These specimens, like those from New Zealand, correspond nearly with British states of the species, which differ so greatly in size from those found in tropical countries, and of which two, apparently mere forms, have been described by Dr. Taylor as distinct species, namely, $. runcinata, Tayl., which has its leaves more secund, and their margins more incurved, but otherwise presents no differences, and S. pensilis, Tayl. which seems to owe all its pecu- liarities to having grown in water. Both these states were gathered on the Andes, near Quito, by Professor J ameson. 2. Sendtnera scolopendra (Hook.; Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 241 et 723; Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 40). Has. Summit of Mount Wellington, Oldfield. 3. Sendtnera flagellifera (Hook. ; Nees ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p- 242 ; Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 59). Has. Tasmania, Gunn. * Gen. XV. TRICHOCOLEA, Dumort. l. Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh. ; Nees). Var. y. Javanica, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 237. Has. Forest near Macquarrie Harbour, Guan. Port Arthur, Oldfield. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 235 Gen. XVI. RADULA, Nees ab E. 1. Radula buccinifera (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 154; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 261). Has. St. Patrick's River, Gunz. On rocks: Back River Creek and Brown's River, Oldfield. Rivulet at Cheshunt, 4rcher. Tasmania, Stuart, 2. Radula aneurismalis (Hook. fil. et Tayl.); caule exili implexo vage ramoso, ramis brevibus patentibus subsecundis tenuissimis, foliis laxis erecto-patentibus rotundatis exterius subangulatis concavis- simis integerrimis lobo inferiori basi tumido incurvo apice recurvo adpresso angulato, perigoniis majoribus oblongo-lanceolatis spicatis apice proliferis.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p.86; G. D. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 262. Has. On Metzgeria furcata : Tasmania, J. D. H. “ Creeping, scattered, pale olive-brown. Stems scarcely half an inch long; branches very slender, their leaves minute. Leaves cup-shaped, with an obtuse angle at the point most distant from the stem. The Zobule has a tumid base, whilst its top lies flat on the inner part of the leaf, and has a single angle pointing outwards. The perigonia occur in the course of the shoots, and are remarkably long and large in proportion to the size of the stems. The present is the minutest of the Radule yet observed, and is readily distinguished by its peculiar perigonia.”— Dr. Taylor. Not now present in British herbaria. It is just possible that it is the male plant of R. Nove-Hollandie. 9. Radula Nove-Hollandiz (Hampe; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 254). Has. Tasmania, Herb. Stuart, Gottsche (Plante Muelleriana). 4. Radula physoloba (Mont. in Voy. au Póle Sud, Bot. Crypt. t. 17. f. 4). Has. Near Cumming’s Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Gen. XVII. LEJEUNIA, Gottsche et Ldbg. l. Lejeunia tumida (Mitten; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 157. pl. 103. f. 3). Has. Tasmania, Gunn. 2. Lejeunia rufescens (Ldbg.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 366).—L. implexicaulis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 165; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 376. L. Mimosa ef L. albovirens, Hook. fil. et Tayl. l.c. p. 166. €. 66.7. 4; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 911 et 387; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 158. | Haz. Creeping over Hypnum extenuatum, Brid.: St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. On rocks: north side of Cataract, Launceston, Archer. 3. Lejeunia Gunniana (Mitten) ; caule repente vage ramoso, foliis imbricatis oblongo-ovatis ob- tusis lobulo parvo saccato apice involuto minute bidentato, amphigastriis majusculis orbiculatis sinu acuto bidentatis, foliis involucralibus fere conformibus lobulo lanceolato acuto amphigastrio oblongo-obovato, perianthio oblongo parum retuso compresso acute pentagono, angulis superne cellulis tumentibus minute crenulatis. (TAB. CLXXX. Fig. 3.) Haz. Tasmania, Gunn. Brown’s River, Oldfield. Sordide fusca. Caulis semipollicaris, repens, vage ramosus, ceespitosus. Folia puesta, apicibus incurvis e cel- lulis magnis pellucidis interstitiis crassiusculis areolata. Amphigastria dimidium folii - "uni ee: Ma adpressa, sinu dentibusgue acutis. Folia involucralia aliguantulo obtusiora. Perianthium terminale sed ab innovatione ex uno BN y ynu CS ei for its lax areolation, and for the minutely crenulate upper edges of the carinz of its perianths. In size it resembles L. rufescens, but is much more flaccid, and all the specimens are of a 236 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Hepatice, by W. Mitten. dirty-brownish colour.—Piate CLXXX. Fig. 3; 1, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule; 2, perianth, with involucral leaves and stipule, as seen from the ventral side; 3, transverse section of the upper part of the perianth :—all magnified. 4. Lejeunia Tasmanica (Gottsche, Icon. Hep. ined.); caule repente inordinate ramoso, foliis imbricatis ovatis obtusis integerrimis apice declivibus basi sinuato-complicatis, lobulo majusculo inflato apice emarginato-truncato, amphigastriis erectis distantibus contiguisve foliis triplo minoribus ovato-cor- datis convexis ad medium fere bifidis, laciniis lanceolatis, fructu . . . — Gottsche, Plante Muelleriane. Has. Tasmania, creeping amongst Radula buccinata, Stuart. Forma intermedia inter L. tabularem et L. serpyllifoliam, priori tamen propinquior, sed statura minore, et am- phigastriis foliorum respectu minoribus diversa. —Gottsche, l. c. This appears to be nearly allied to Z. tumida, and may even be identical with it. 9. Lejeunia serpyllifolia (Libert; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 374). Has. Cheshunt, on trees, Archer. These specimens agree in all respects with European examples of the species, and possess the same property of staining the paper on which they are preserved of a dull-leaden colour. 6. Lejeunia lyratifolia (Hook. fil. et Tayl); caule minuto tenui subdisperso procumbente vage ramoso, foliis laxis patentibus subquadratis angulo antico exteriore producto, lobulis oblongis involutis, amphigastriis (duplicatis) bipartitis, segmentis lanceolatis divaricatis, perianthio axillari ex angusta basi obovato quadricarinato.— Load. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 993 ; G. Let N. Syn. Hep. p. 156. (Tas. CLXXX. Fig. 4.) Has. Tasmania, creeping over a specimen of Parmelia diatrypa, Ach., J. D. H. Caespites valde laxi, pallidissime fusco-olivacei. Caules vix trilineares, rami pauci, irregulares, folia lyrzeformia, margine exteriore recurva. Perigonia in spicis brevibus terminalibus. Folia involueralia dorso coalita, erecta, biloba, segmentis acutis inzequalibus, ventre cum amphigastrio involucrali oblongo bifido connato. Perianthium usque ad mediam longitudinem exsertum, carinis superne erosis. 3 A minute species, whose place is amongst those with a stipule at the base of every leaf, and generally with a few enlarged cells, giving their leaves a more or less regularly dotted appearance: these are not obvious in the pre- sent.—PLaTE CLXXX. Fig. 4; l,a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipules; 2, a perianth, with involucrum, as seen on the ventral side; 3, transverse section of the perianth :—all magnified. Gen. XVIII. FRULLANIA, Raddi. l. Frullania Hampeana (Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p- 426). Has. Tasmania, J. D. H. 2. Frullania proboscidophora (Taylor); caule vage pinnatimi ramoso, foliis rotundo-ovatis obtusis integerrimis auriculis lunato-galeatis acuminatis acumine decurvo, amphigastriis orbiculatis bidentatis den- tibus acutis utrinque bi-tridentatis, foliis involucralibus ovatis acutis dentatis auriculo acuminato marginibus recurvis dentatis basi laciniatis, amphigastrio bipartito, laciniis lanceolatis dentatis, perianthio involucrum parum excedente obovato obtuso apiculato dorso convexo ventre unicarinato, angulis carinaque crispatulis.— Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 402; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 110. (Tas. CLXXX. Fig. 5.) Has. On the bark of trees : Circular Head, J. D. H. Cheshunt, Archer. Fusco-rubra, albescens, scariosa. Caulis pollicaris, folia lata e textura tenera fragili. Aurieule lunato-galeatee marginibus orificii incurvi ut rostrum simulant. Amphigastria circiter sexdentata. Perianthium fragilissimum, ante egressum capsulz seepe destructum. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 237 Very nearly allied to F. Hampeana, but a larger species, remarkable in the few specimens yet seen for the dis- coloration and scarious appearance of its leaves. Its habit appears to resemble that of F. dilatata. The perianth is everywhere smooth except the angles, which are minutely undulate or subcrispate.—PrATE CLXXX. Fig. 5; 1, plant, of the natural size; 2, a portion of the stem, with leaves and stipule ; 3, involucral leaves, stipule, and perianth, as seen on the ventral side ; 4, transverse section of perianth :—all magnified. 9. Prullania monocera (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 89; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p- 418); caule implexo prostrato vage ramoso, foliis subimbricatis patentibus oblongo-ovatis rotundatis planis integerrimis, lobo inferiore galemformi unispinoso deflexo, amphigastriis ovato-acuminatis bifidis den- tatis, perianthio terminali obcordato trigono, angulis hirtis, ore tubifero. Has. Tasmania, amongst other Hepatice, J. D. H. Osespites parvi, albo-virides. Caules fere semipollicares, irregulariter ramosi. Folia arcte imbricata, patentia, tenuissima, plana, elliptica, auricule galeseformes cornu subreflexo munite. Amphigastria caulem excedentia. Jn- volucrum in ramulo parvo perianthium fere obtegens; foliis involucralibus basi coadunatis, dentatis, erectis, lobulo lanceolato. Anguli perianthii spinis vario modo curvatis, interdum ad instar ale confluentibus, muniti.— Taylor, 1. c. This description agrees, excepting the angles of the perianth, very nearly with the species here considered to be F. proboscidophora. 4. Frullania clavata (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 88; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 428); caule procumbente vage subpinnatimve ramoso, surculis apice incrassatis, foliis imbricatis paten- tibus rotundato-oblongis convexis integerrimis, lobo inferiore majore galemformi acuminato decurvo, stipulis rotundatis emarginato-bidentatis subdenticulatis, calyce subimmerso obovato biplicato tubifero, foliis peri- cheetialibus margine ventrali dentatis. Haz. On Nephroma cellulosa, Ach.: Tasmania, Herb. Taylor. " Scarcely one quarter of an inch long, pale-green, sometimes brownish-purple. Stipules large, their emargina- tion shallow and rounded. 4Auricles large compared with the leaves. The calyz, rising little out of the perichzetium, is widest near the mouth, below which it is rather suddenly contracted. The lateral perichetial leaves have, besides a segment corresponding to the auricle of the leaf, an inner one which is lanceolate and dentate.— Allied to F. tri- nervis, L. et L., but this is of a dark-brown colour, has a more exserted three-nerved calyx, the auricles are less acuminated, and the stipules more entire."— Taylor. l. c. 5. Frullania reptans (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 161. pl. 104. f. 4). Haz. On very wet and rotten wood: Goat Hills, New Norfolk, Oldfield. 6. Frullania falciloba (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 581; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 423). ` Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Penquite, and moist rocky banks, Risdown, J. D. H. Dense mats on the sides of rocks: Johnny's Creek. Rocks by the seaside: South Port, Kermandie Rivulet, and Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Jackey’s Plain Creek, Archer; gathered also by Stuart. 7. Frullania deplanata (Mitten, Fl. N. Zeal. p. 161. pl. 104. f. 3). Has. At the roots of trees: Brown's River Gully and Johnny's Creek, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. 8. Frullania Gaudichaudii (Nees et Mont. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1536, p. 13, cum icone; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 435). Has. Tasmania, Admiral d Urville, in Herb. Montagne. 9. Frullania congesta (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 52; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 451). Has. On the bark of Fagus: St. Patrick's River, Gunn. On trees: Ovens Creek, Archer. 10. Frullania megalocarpa (Hook. fil. et Tayl.); caule sparso procumbente laxe bipinnato, ramis VOL. II, 3 P 238 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Hepatice, by W. Mitten. gracillimis, foliis imbricatis patentibus oblongo-ovatis acutis recurvis integerrimis, auriculis clavato-oblongis cauli parallelis stylo subulæformi interjecto, amphigastriis minutis bifidis, perianthio majore ramulum termi- nante oblongo supra planiusculo ventre obtuse carinato, perigoniis rotundatis sessilibus.— Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 404; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 119. Has. Tasmania, on Mosses, Herb. Greville. Minuta, laxa, fusca, dioica. Caules vix pollicares, surculi ceguilati. Perigonia sicut perianthia ratione surcu- lorum magna. Minor est et tenerior quam F. exilis, et stylo inter auriculam et caulem interposito bene distinguitur. —Taylor. From the foregoing it appears that this species must be very nearly allied to F. congesta, and the only discre- pancy is in the direction of the auricles, which Dr. Taylor says are parallel to the stem. Gen. XIX. FOSSOMBRONIA, Raddi. l. Fossombronia pusilla (Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 597). Has. Damp ground: hillside, Woodburn, near Richmond; and wet crevices of rocks: gully by Brown’s River, Oldfield; gathered also by Mr. Archer. 2. Fossombronia intestinalis (Taylor, Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 408; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 469 et 785). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Gen. XX. ZOOPSIS, Hook. fil. et Tayl. l. Zoopsis argentea (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Fl. Antarct. p. 167. t. 66. f. 6 ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp- 473 et 785). à Has. The Bedchamber, New Norfolk, Oldfield ; frequent, intermixed with Mosses and Hepatice, Archer. Gen. XXI. PODOMITRIUM, Mitten. l. Podomitrium Phyllanthus (Hook.; Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 164).—Steetzia Phyllanthus, Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 478. Has. St. Patrick’s River, Guan. Kermandie and Castle Forbes Rivulet, South Huon, Oldfield. West-end Rivulet, Archer. Gen. XXII. STEETZIA, Lem. l. Steetzia pisicolor (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Crypt. Antarct. p. 138. pl. 160. f. 7). Has. Yorktown Rivulet and St. Patrick's River, Gunn. The fructification of this very distinct species has not yet been seen, but the fronds agree with those of Steetzia or Symphogyna. Gen. XXIII. SYMPHOGYNA, Mont. et Nees. l. Symphogyna flabellata (Hook. SA eb N; G. L. et. N.. Syn. Hep. p. 481).—J ungermannia flabellata, Hook. Musc. Erot. t. 13. Has. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. Back River Gully, Oldfield, 202, Archer. Hepatice, by W. Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 239 2. Symphogyna rhizobola (Schwegr.; Nees ab E.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 488).—Sympho- gyna obovata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 581; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 480. Sym- phogyna pulchra, Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 410; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 788. Has. Tasmania, Gunn. On the ground, in very wet places, in dense shade : St. Patrick’s River. Back River Gully and Mount Wellington, Oldfield. West-end Rivulet, Archer. The $. obovata, Hook. fil. et Tayl., corresponds with what is here understood as the fertile state of S. rhizobola, and, as might be expected, the attenuations at the apices of the divisions of the fronds are absent. The calyptra, although described by Dr. Taylor as ventral, is truly dorsal, as in all others of the genus. $. pulchra, Tayl., de- scribed with the margins of its fronds entire, has them certainly dentate; although the teeth are short and remote, it scarcely differs in appearance from the preceding. The specimens gathered by Dr. J. D. Hooker are finely in fruit, and the fertile stems are mixed with others corresponding in structure, but differing in habit, being prostrate, and rooting at the apices, like the plants figured in * Musei Exotici. The fertile stems are short and ascending, the divisions scarcely exceeding the third of an inch in length, and rounded at their apices, thus having an appearance, if seen separately from the creeping fronds, of being altogether a distinct plant. 3. Symphogyna Lehmanniana (Mont. et Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 483). Has. Tasmania, Archer. 4. Symphogyna rhodina (Hook. fil. et Tayl.); fronde minuta oblonga dichotoma tenerrima pellu- cida costata margine dentata calyptraque lineari longissima rosea, capsula lineari-oblonga.—Zond. Journ. Bot. 1845, p. 93; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 487. Has. Tasmania, Lyall. : Frondes 2-3 lin. longs, calyptra multo breviores. Squame involucrales circum basin calyptre quadri- quinque-dentatee, apice setaceze, erectee. Capsula spe uno latere rima dehiscens elateresque atque semina e rima emittens, revera in valvulas numeri indefiniti apice semper cohzerentes divisa. Color totius plantee est roseus.— Taylor, l.c. Sufficiently different from any other Tasmanian species. From the description of the capsule it may be doubtful if it truly belongs to this genus. Gen. XXIV. METZGERIA, Raddi. l. Metzgeria furcata (Nees ab E. ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 502; Fl. Antarct. pp. 167 et 445; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 166). Haz. Var. B. 1. major: St. Patrick's River, Gunn. Var. B. 2. minor: running over the surface of rocks, Launceston, Gunn. Var. e. prolifera: Tasmania, Guan. Back River Gully, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. Gen. XXV. SARCOMITRIUM, Corda. 1. Sarcomitrium alternilobum (Mitten, Fl. N. Zeal. p. 167).—Aneura alterniloba, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 527; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 496. is Haz. St. Patrick's River and Acheron River, Gunn. Clayey banks of the Kermandie Rivulet, North- west Bay Gully and elsewhere, on very wet banks, Oldfield. 2. Sarcomitrium pingue (Mitten).—Aneura pinguis, Dumort. ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 493. Jungermannia pinguis, Zinn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. ii. p. 1602. Has. Springs, Mount Wellington, and on muddy banks, Oldfield. 240 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Hepatice, by W. Mitten. 3. Sarcomitrium cochleatum (Mitten). —Riccia cochleata, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 96; Crypt. Antarct. p. 56. pl. 66. f. 5. Has. The Falls, Cheshunt, Archer. Calyptra cylindrica, carnosa, setulosa. This species seems always recognizable by the pale, slightly thickened row of marginal cells. 4. Sarcomitrium crassum (Schwegr.; Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 167).—Aneura crassa, Nees ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 500. Has. Acheron River and Arthur's Lakes, Gunn. Cheshunt, Archer. 5. Sarcomitrium multifidum (Mitten).—Aneura multifida, Dumort.; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 496. Jungermannia multifida, Zinn. ed. 2. p. 1602. Has. St. Patrick's River, Gunn. 6. Sarcomitrium pinnatifidum (Mitten).—Aneura pinnatifida, Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 495. Has. St. Patrick's River, and in a rivulet at an altitude of 6000 feet, Western Mountains, Gunn. Ovens Creek, Archer. 7. Sarcomitrium palmatum (Mitten).—Aneura palmata, Nees; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 498. Jungermannia palmata, Hedw. Theor. Gen. ed. 1. t. 18. f. 93-95. Has. Cheshunt, Archer. 8. Sarcomitrium eriocaulum (Mitten).—Metzgeria eriocaula, G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 505. Jungermannia eriocaula, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 72. Has. Back River Gully, Oldfield. 9. Sarcomitrium aleicorne (Mitten). —Aneura alcicornis, Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 479 ; FI. Antaret. p. 139. pl. 160. f. 8. Haz. On rocks, in slowly running streams: Mount Wellington and elsewhere, Oldfield, Archer. Gen. XXVI. MARCHANTIA, Linn. l. Marchantia tabularis (Nees ab E.). Has. Tasmania; very common in wet shady places, where there have been fires, but also frequent even on the tops of the hills, Gunn, J. D. H. Back River Gully, Oldfield. Hospital Bay, South Huon, Oldfield ; elsewhere, Archer. Marchantia polymorpha, Linn., is stated by Dr. Gottsche, in * Plante: Muellerianz,' to occur in Tasmania, but all the specimens yet seen appear to belong to M. tabularis, Nees, which differs more in appearance than in any decided character from the European species. 2. Marchantia pileata (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 169).—Additur descriptio plantæ masculæ :— receptaculo masculo brevipedunculato orbiculato obtuse quadri-quinquelobo. Haz. On the ground, with J/. tabularis, J. D. H., Archer. Pedunculus bi-trilinearis, basi squamosus. Receptaculum latitudine bilineare, margine crenulatum. The un referred to this Ben corresponds so nearly in the size, colour, and areolation of its fronds, that there seems little reason to doubt its being the male of that already described in the * Flora of New Zealand.” 9. Marchantia foliacea (Mitten, in Fl. N, Zeal. p. 168). Has. Tasmania, Archer. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 241 Gen. XXVII. REBOULIA, Nees ab E. 1. Reboulia hemispheerica (Raddi; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 548). Has. Tasmania, J. D. H. These specimens present no differences from the British states of the species, and, like them, have the fronds frequently constricted in an articulate manner. Gen. XXVIII. FIMBRIARIA, Nees ab E. l. Fimbriaria Drummondii (Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1846, p. 412; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. pp. 566 et 791; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 169). Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Cheshunt, Archer. Brown's River, Oldfield. 2. Fimbriaria australis (Hook. fil. et Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1844, p. 573; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 561; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 170). : Has. Brown's River, O/dfield. 3. Fimbriaria tenera (Mitten, in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 170). Has. Tasmania, Archer. Gen. XXIX. TARGIONIA, Michel. = Targionia hypophylla (Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. ii. p. 1604).—T. Michelii, Corda ; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 574). Has. Brown's River, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. Gen. XXX. ANTHOCEROS, Michel. 1. Anthoceros leevis (Linn. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 1606; G. L. et N. Syn. Hep. p. 586; Fl. N. Zeal. p. 170). Has. Near Campbelltown, Gunn. In very wet places, under dripping water: Back River Gully, Oldfield. West-end Rivulet, Archer. Nar. Orv. VII. FUNGI. By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. The great characteristic of Tasmanian Fungi, of which 275 species are here enumerated, is their iden- tity with or close relation to European forms. A very few only partake of a subtropical nature, while no considerable number of species exhibit any striking peculiarity. Polyporus sanguineus is almost wholly replaced by P. cinnabarinus, and though there are a few of those forms which are universal in the tropics, some of the most common species, as Polyporus zanthopus, are altogether wanting. A few are common to Tasmania, with Chili, but very few of the peculiar species of New Zealand occur. The Agarics are nume- rous. I have several species which I could not insert, from possessing only imperfect specimens. The three genera which abound most in species are Agaricus, Polyporus, and Peziza. About 8 species only can The predominance of European forms will be seen from the follow- rms about 11 only can be considered as at all tropical. 3a be considered as peculiarly Australian. ing analysis; and of the extra-European fo VOL. II. 242 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. British species ; i : : ‘ e ^ ; > : : . s 2428 European, which may be expected to occur in Great Britain ‘ e e ae Tasmanian species of European type . : ê e i â š ; Tasmanian species of extra-European type. Subtropical Chilian . , ; i d ; : i : : T Antarctic and Tasmanian . 22 Subtropical , . . e : i « : . ‘ e : , 8 215 About one-fourteenth only may be considered as subtropical forms, while nine-elevenths are European, whereas in the New Zealand Fungi we have subtropical forms in the proportion of 1 to 3. Gen. I. AGARICUS, Z. Lamelle membranacex, non deliquescentes, acie acuta, trama subfloccosa, cum hymenophoro infero concrete. The Tasmanian species of this large genus are extremely numerous, and, as Fries has remarked of those of Australia, in many cases identical with European forms. Almost every tribe has its representative. The common Mushroom and the nearly allied 4. arvensis are abundant, but there are few, if any, other esculent varieties. (Name from Agaria, a region in Sarmatia.) l. Agaricus (Amanita) ananzeceps (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. p. 572). Has. On the ground: Penquite, March, Guna. 2. Agaricus (Amanita) grossus (Berk.); albus, pileo crasso carnoso plano-hemisphzrico verru- coso quandoque areolato, stipite bulboso fibrilloso, volva adnata, lamellis latis adnatis rotundatis. Has. On the ground, J. D. H. White. Pileus 4 inches across, hemispherical, slightly flattened, thick, fleshy, covered with large warts, some- times areolate; margin incurved. Stem bulbous, 3 inches high, above an inch thick; veil none; volva adnate, sometimes obscure. Gills $ inch broad, rounded behind, adnate.— A very large, coarse species, to which I can point out no near ally, except possibly 4. excelsus. The stem however is short in proportion to the size. It approaches in some respects such Lepiote as A. Vittadini. It seems to be hemispherical in every stage of growth. The rounded gills at once distinguish it from 4. ananeaceps. 9. Agaricus (Lepiota) procerus (Scop.; Fr. Epicrisis, p. 12). Has. On the ground: Penguite, Gunn. One specimen is exactly 4. procerus, Krombholz, fig. 10, with its smooth stem; another resembles 4. graci- lentus, Kromb. ; and a third is very near 4. mastoideus. All however formed apparently a single group. 4. Agaricus (Lepiota) cristatus (Fr. Ep. p. 15). Has. On the ground: Penquite, May, 1846, Gunn. 5. Agaricus (Tricholoma) nudus (Bull. t. 439). Has. On the ground: Penquite, May, 1846, Gunn. 6. Agaricus (Clitocybe) inversus (Scop.; Fr. Ep. p. 70). Has. On the ground: Penquite, May, 1846, Gunn. : T. Agaricus (Clitocybe) schizophyllus (Berk.); cespitosus, connatus, pileo convexo, stipite car- tilagineo-fibroso, basi spongioso-tomentoso, lamellis decurrentibus demum margine fissis. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 243 Has. On charred wood, Archer. Ceespitose, connate. Pileus 1 inch or more across, convex. Stem 2 inches high, 2 lines thick, stringy, with a thin cartilagino-fibrous coat, adhering by spongy down to the matrix. Gills decurrent, at length split at the margin after the fashion of Schizophyllum. The colour of the whole, when dry, is tawny, approaching to rufous.—This very sin- gular species may possibly some day constitute a new genus. I have however seen but a single group, consisting of three specimens. The gills are not split till the pileus is expanded. In the genus 4garicus it is nearest to A. coffeatus and its allies. 8. Agaricus (Clitocybe) laccatus (Scop.; Fr. Ep. p. 81). Has. On the ground, Gunn, Archer. 9. Agaricus (Collybia) radicatus (Relh.; Fr. Ep. p. 81). Haz. On dead wood, sunk in the ground: Penquite, May, 1846, abundant, Gunn. 10. Agaricus (Collybia) morulus (Berk.); rufo-purpureus, pileo convexo carnoso stipiteque zequali albo-farcto horizontali asperulis, lamellis planis latis adnatis distantibus. (Tas. CLXXXI. Fig. 1.) Haz. On dead wood, Archer. Dark mulberry-brown. Pileus 1 inch across, convex, fleshy. Stem horizontal, rough, like the pileus, with little downy points, stuffed. Gills plane, distant, adnate, of the same colour as the pileus.—A fine species, resembling A. peonius, A. carneus, etc., but with distant, thicker gills. 4. carneus is confessedly near to Collybia, though placed in Zricholoma —PraATE CLXXXI. Fig. 1; a a, plant, naf, size; A vertical section; c, portion of pileus :— magnified. 11. Agaricus (Mycena) cohzerens (Alb. et Schw. p. 163). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 12. Agaricus (Mycena) galericulatus (Scop.; Fr. Ep. p. 106). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 13. Agaricus (Mycena) atrocyaneus (Batsch. fig. 87). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 14. Agaricus (Mycena) interruptus (Berk.) ; pileo crassiusculo plano depresso livido pelliculá cartilagineá tecto, stipite e basi orbiculari applanata striata oriundo, lamellis erenulatis albidis pilei carne gelatinoso-carnosa descendente interruptis. (TAB. CLXXXL Fig. 2.) Has. On bark, Archer. Pileus 13 line across, plane, depressed, livid in the centre, clothed with a cartilaginous pellicle ; flesh subgela- tinous, separated from the stem by a groove, and interrupting the pallid, crenate, subdecurrent gills. Ce Mond ing, 2 inch high, 2 a line thick, rising from a flattened orbicular disc, and at first sunk into it, and marking it with raised lines by means of the gills.—This singular species is allied to Agaricus mucor, but is separated by numerous characters. The dried specimens do not show the portion of the gill within the groove, which is very distinetly represented in Mr. Archer’s drawing.—PLATE CLXXXL Fig. 2; a, plant, naf. size ; 2, ditto, magnified ; c, highly magnified section of the pileus, to show the interrupted gills. 15. Agaricus (Mycena) capillaris (Schum. ; Fr. Ep. p. 119). Has. On Fern, chips, etc., Archer. 16. Agaricus (Omphalia) Epichysium (Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 13. f. 1). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 17. Agaricus (Omphalia) carneo-rufulus (Berk.) ; pileo plano subcarnoso striato lameilisque decurrentibus pallide rufis, stipite adscendente flexuoso farcto. (Tab. CLXXXI. Fig. 3.) 244 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Whole plant of a pale red-brown. Pileus 4 inch across, plane, subcarnose, striate. Stem 1 inch high, scarce a line thick, downy at the base, fibrillose. Gills arched, moderately broad and distant, but more numerous than in A. umbelliferus, decurreut, pale reddish-brown.—PrATE CLXXXI. Fig. 3; a, plant, nat. size; b, vertical section, magnified. 18. Agaricus (Omphalia) umbelliferus (Linn.; Fr. Ep. p. 124). Haz. On the ground, Gunn, Archer. Mr. Archer's is a pallid form, with very decurrent gills. Gunn collected abundant specimens of a variety vary- ing from primrose to orange, according to age. Other forms also seem to be abundant. 19. Agaricus (Omphalia) flavo-croceus (Berk.); pileo convexo umbilicato glabro stipiteque elongato ineguali solido flavis, lamellis latis postice decurrentibus croceis. Has. Under logs, Archer. | Pileus $ inch across, convex, umbilicate, pale-yellow, glabrous; margin jagged. Stem 9 inches high, 1 line or more thick, unequal, stringy, dull saffron-yell w, downy at the base. Gills rather numerous, broad, abruptly de- current, saffron-yellow ; margin entire; interstices even.— The numerous gills separate this from the yellow variety of A. umbelliferus, while it has the colours but not the narrow gills of A. chrysophyllus. 20. Agaricus (Omphalia) integrellus (Pers. Ic. et Desc. t. 13. f. 1). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 21. Agaricus (Pleurotus) tephrophanus (Berk.); pileo excentrico infundibuliformi brunneo rivuloso pulverulento, stipite hirto e basi strigosa oriundo, lamellis latis postice emarginatis. Has. On charred wood, Archer. Pileus 1 inch across, brown, minutely wrinkled and pulverulent, infundibuliform, thin. Stem brown, hispid, # inch high, 1 line thick, springing from a strigose base. Gills few, broad, emarginate behind, transversely striate, pale.—This curious species approaches in many respects to Paxillus atrotomentosus, but the gills are of a different character. 22. Agaricus (Pleurotus) phosphorus (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 572). Haz. On roots of trees, Oct.—Feb., Gunn. Bo phosphorescent that Mr. Gunn was able to read by its light, and it remained luminous six days or more.— A specimen, supposed to belong to this species, but possibly 4. salignus, was found growing on Acacia dealbata, from ue cavity in which the caterpillar of a Cossus had been nursed, and entirely filling up the shell of the pupa with its mycelium, so as at first sight to appear parasitic upon the insect. 23. Agaricus (Pleurotus) palmatus (Bull. t. 216). Var. sessilis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. ` This appears to be a sessile form of the plant of Bulliard. There is but a single specimen. 24. Agaricus (Pleurotus) diversipes (Berk.); pileo umbilicato 1. laterali pelliculo gelatinoso ves- tito, stipite subcartilagineo compresso cavo elongato brevi L obsoleto, lamellis distantibus decurrentibus, interstitiis levibus. (Tas. CLXXXI, Fig. 4.) Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus 1-2 inches across, central or lateral, umbilicate or depressed behind, covered with a gelatinous pellicle. = very variable, elongated and slender, short or obsolete, subcartilaginous, downy at the base, flat, hollow. Gills stant, — — interstices even.—Allied to 4. Tasmanicus, but distinguished by various characters.— PrarE CLXXXI. Fig. 4; a, plant, na£. size; 5, vertical section. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 245 25. Agaricus (Pleurotus) Tasmanicus (Berk.) ; pileo reniformi levi glabro pellicula gelatinosa vestito, stipite brevissimo tomentoso 1. obsoleto, iamellis latis subdistantibus tenuibus. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus 1 inch or more across, reniform, smooth, even, clothed with a thin gelatinous pellicle. Stem short, pure white, downy, sometimes quite obsolete. - Gills broad, distant, crisped when dry, decurrent where the stem is un- usually elongated.—This species does not appear to be resupinate in any stage of growth; still it is allied to A. algidus, which is constantly sessile. 26. Agaricus (Pleurotus) burssformis (Berk.) ; pileo postice affixo burseeformi albido tomentoso antice glabrescente, lamellis subdecurrentibus striatis. Has. On dead bark, ArcAer. Ochry-white. Pileus 2 inches across, fixed by a little white down, purse-shaped, densely tomentose behind, smooth in front; margin incurved. Stem short, nearly smooth. Gills crowded, moderately broad, slightly decur- rent, marked with transverse streaks. Spores subglobose, ¿157 inch long, pale tan-coloured.—I know of no species with which this singular Agaric can be compared. The form and adherent pileus, accompanied by a short stem, etc., are very peculiar. 27, Agaricus (Pleurotus) applicatus (Batsch.; Fr. Ep. p. 157). Has. On bark and dead wood, Archer. 98. Agaricus (Volvaria) parvulus (Weinm. Ross. p. 258). Has. On decayed wood, Archer, A variety with a cinereous pileus. 29. Agaricus (Pluteus) cervinus (Scheff. t. 10). Has. On decayed wood, May, 1846, Gunn. A form with a pallid, fibrillose stem. 30. Agaricus (Entoloma) panniculus (Berk.) ; pileo tenui campanulato obtuso flocculoso stipi- teque deorsum incrassato fibrilloso basi albo-tomentoso atro-violaceis, lamellis adnatis secedentibus. (Tas. CLXXXI. Fig. 5.) Has. Amongst Fern, March, 1856, Archer. Pileus broadly campanulate, 14 inch across, obtuse, but not distinctly umbonate, thin except in the centre, dark-violet, flocculent. Stem of the same colour as the pileus, 22 inches high, 13 line thick, fibrillose, thickened at the base, and clothed with cottony down. Gills moderately broad, scarcely ventricose, broadly adnate, but seceding. Spores oval, with several prominences, 3757 inch long. Smell unpleasant.—This belongs to the Leptonoid group of Entoloma, resembling such species as 4. Lappula, but without the slightest trace of an umbilicus.—PLATE CLXXXI. Fig. 5; a, plant, nat. size; 5, section of pileus and stem; c, spores :—highly magnified. $1. Agaricus (Nolanea) pascuus (Pers. in Scheff. t. 229). Has. Amongst leaves, on the ground, Archer. There is a single specimen also in the collection of a Rhodosporous Agaric, quite indeterminable, with similar spores, but adnexed gills. 82. Agaricus (Pholiota) mutabilis (Scheff. t. 9). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 33. Agaricus (Naucoria) furfuraceus (Pers. Syn. p. 454). Has. On the ground, Gunn, VOL. II. 246 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 34. Agaricus (Galera) tener (Scheff. t. 70). Has. On the ground, Gunn. 35. Agaricus (Crepidotus) hepatochrous (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 574). Has. On bark, Gunn. 36. Agaricus (Crepidotus) interceptus (Berk.) ; reniformis, ochraceo-albus, pileo e tribus stratis medio albo inter duo obscuriora intercepto, stipite brevissimo laterali. (Tas. CLXXXT. Fig. 6.) Has. On dead bark, Archer. Pileus 1 inch across, ochraceous, white, reniform, conchate, consisting of three strata, of which the interme- diate one is white. Stem very short. Gills numerous, moderately broad, pale-ochraceous. Spores pale-ochraceous, subglobose, ec inch long.—Allied to 4. mollis, but the upper stratum is not gelatinous.—PrATE CLXXXI. Fig. 6; a a, plant, naf. size; A b, vertical section of ditto. 97. Agaricus (Crepidotus) Auricula (Berk.); pileo sessili carnoso postice adnato concheformi, lamellis angustis pallidis confertis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus 1 inch across, cream-coloured, conchiform, sessile, adnate behind. Flesh thick, brittle when dry ; mar- gin incurved. Gills narrow, pale. Spores lentiform, ¿255 inch long.—This species is remarkable for the thickness of its flesh, which is brittle when dry. 38. Agaricus (Crepidotus) insidiosus (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 574). Has. On bark: Penguite, May, Gunn. 99. Agaricus (Crepidotus) cassizcolor (Berk.) ; pileo resupinato postice affixo farinaceo lamel- lisque latiusculis cinnamomeis, stipite brevissimo candido tomentoso. Has. On dead bark, Archer. A larger form occurs on charred wood, approaching in size to 4. hepa- tochrous, Berk., and there is also a smaller form on decorticated wood. Pileus 3-4 inch across, reniform, cinnamon-brown, farinaceous, at length fixed behind to the matrix, and resu- pinate. Stem very short and slender, white, tomentose. Gills moderately broad, cinnamon. Spores subeymbiform, hollowed out on one side, as is the case in most Agarics.—This species is closely allied to 4. hepatochrous, which is a larger species, with a stout stem. 40. Agaricus (Crepidotus) leptomorphus (Berk.) ; sessilis, vertice byssoideo-affixus, pileo albido tomentoso, lamellis latiusculis umbrinis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Sessile, fixed at the vertex by a few delicate white threads, 4 inch across, whitish, tomentose. Gills ventricose, umber, with a pale edge. Spores broadly elliptic, almost orbicular when seen from behind, 4-5 inch broad.—This is very nearly allied to 4. cassiecolor, but differs in colour, and is absolutely stemless. 41. Agaricus (Psalliota) campestris (L.; Fr. Ep. p. 213). Has. In pastures, Gunn, J. D. H. 42. Agaricus (Psalliota) arvensis (Scheff. ; Fr. Ep. p. 213). Has. In pastures, Gunn. 43. Agaricus (Psalliota) semiglobatus (Datsch. f. 110). Has. On dung, Gunn. 44. Agaricus (Hypholoma) fascicularis (Hud.; Fr. Ep. p. 222). Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Gunn, Archer. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 247 45. Agaricus (Hypholoma) dispersus (Fr. Ep. p. 222). Has. On dead wood, Archer. A small form, 4 inch across. 46. Agaricus (Psilocybe) spadiceus (Scheff.; Fr. Ep. p. 225). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 47. Agaricus (Psathyrella) disseminatus (Pers. Syn. p. 403). Has. Amongst Moss, Archer. Gen. II. COPRINUS, P. Hymenophorum a stipite discretum. Lamelle membranacex, primum stipato-cohserentes, dein difu- entes. Distinguished from Agaricus by their deliquescent gills, and from Bolbitius principally by their habit, and black, not coloured spores. The species appear to be rare in Tasmania, though there is a trace, in the collections, of one or two besides the common C. stercoreus. (Name from kompos, dung.) 1. Coprinus stercoreus (Fr. Ep. p. 251). Has. On dung, Archer. Gen. III. CORTINARIUS, Fr. Hymenophorum cum stipite contiguum. — Lamelle membranacex, trama floccosa, pileo coherentes, persistentes, decolorantes. Vedum araneosum. Distinguished from Agaricus by their peculiar habit and arachnoid veil. Sporidia cinnamon-red, —The Euro- pean species are extremely numerous ; one only appears to occur in Tasmania. (Name from cortina, a veil.) 1. Cortinarius (Myxacium) Archeri (Berk.) ; pileo convexo carnoso rivuloso brunneo-violaceo, stipite valido aequali viscoso violaceo, lamellis pallido-argillaceis latiuseulis adnatis transversim rugosis. Has. On the ground: Cheshunt, April, 1856, Archer. (Tas. CLXXXL Fig. 7.) Pileus convex, fleshy, minutely rivulose, viscid, smooth, of a brownish violet. Flesh pallid, tinted near the gills with violet. Stem stout, equal, obtuse, 1 inch thick, viscid, violet, hollow above. Veil viscid. Gills mode- rately broad, adnate, subdecurrent, pale clay-coloured, slightly tinted with violet. Spores obliquely ovate, eather elongated, 41. inch long, and half as broad; sometimes however they are much longer.—This su. 3: evidently closely allied to C. elatus, but the stout equal stem, thicker flesh, ete., distinguish it. The drawing exhibits merely the young unexpanded plant, and the single specimen is evidently that which was designed. In consequence of the upper part of the stem being hollow, the stem in the dried plant appears bulbous.—PLATE e, Fig. 7i a a, plant, nat. size; 5, vertical section ; c, spores upon sporophora, magnified ; d, spores, — highly magnes. No certain specimen of the genus Hygrophorus appears in the collections, but there Sa doubtful species, re- sembling H. cossus, and a drawing of a minute species with a solid stem, apparently allied to the small form of H miniatus. Gen. IV. LACTARIUS, Z7. Trama vesiculosa. Lamelle lactescentes. A genus containing many species, distinguished from others, except Russula, by the vesiculose Gr and from that by the milky gills. The spores are often, but not always, globose and echinulate. Tho Tasmanian species appear to be rare. I have seen only one besides that described, but unfortunately indeterminable. (Name from lac, milk.) 248 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 1. Lactarius stenophyllus (Berk.); pileo infundibuliformi carnoso lutescenti-albido zonato, mar- gine involuto, stipite farcto flexuoso, pileo concolore, lamellis angustissimis subincarnatis. (Tas. CLXXXI. Fig. 8.) Haz. On the ground: Cheshunt, March, 1856, Archer. Pileus 4 inches across, infundibuliform, dirty-white, tinged with yellow Flesh moderately thick, dirty-white ; margin involute. Stem 14 inch high, 4 inch thick, flexuous, rather uneven, smooth. Gills very narrow and crowded, pointed at the base, but scarcely decurrent, dirty-flesh-coloured. Spores ovate, smooth.— Unfortunately no specimens have been preserved of this species, which is clearly undescribed. The pellicle of the pileus is thick. It is allied apparently to Z. insulsus. The gills are like those of Z. piperitus.—PLaTE CLXXXI. Fig. 8; a, plant, nat, size; b, section of ditto ; c, single spore :—magnified. Y Gen. V. RUSSULA, Pr. Trama vesiculosa. Lamelle exsucce. A large genus, distinguished from Lactarius by the gills being destitute of milk. One species only has been found in Tasmania, of which however I have seen no specimens. (Name from russulus, reddish; in consequence of red being a freguent colour in the genus.) 1. Russula emetica (Fr. Ep. p. 357). Haz. Amongst leaves, dead bark, etc., Archer. Gen. VI. CANTHARELLUS, Adans. Hymenophorum inferum in tramam floccosam descendens, immutatum. Lamelle crasse, obtuse. A large genus, distinguished from Agaricus by the vein-like obtuse gills, which are not essentially reticulate. The species are either fleshy or membranaceous. One species only has been found in Tasmania, (Name from can- tharus, a jar.) 1. Cantharellus strigipes (Berk.); pileo hepatico convexo, stipite concolore sursum attenuato e strigis fulvis oriundo, plicis angustis radiantibus. Has. Amongst charcoal, fern, etc., Archer. Pileus 4 inch across, plane or convex and subumbonate, brownish-grey. Stem 1 inch high, smooth, of the same colour, attenuated upwards, springing from radiating, tawny strige ; folds narrow, radiating, grey.—The stri- gose base at once distinguishes this species when well developed. It has the habit of O. umbonatus. Gen. VII. MARASMIUS, Fr. Hymenophorum a stipite cartilagineo L corneo heterogeneum. —Zame// nunc late, nunc pliceformes, acie acuta, valleculis contiguis.—Fungi membranacei 1. carnoso-lenti revivescentes. Distinguished from Agaricus by the tough, coriaceous substance of the pileus, so that the species shrivel up but do not easily decay. Tasmania is not at all rich in species, (Name from papaww, to wither.) 1 Marasmius hepaticus (Berk. in Hook. Lond, Journ. Bot, y, p. 1). Haz, On various dead substances, Gunn. 2 spheerico demum resu affixus (Berk. sub Agarico in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 573) ; pileo hemi- ; — pinato albido stipiteque brevi farinaceo-tomentosis, lamellis paucis adnatis ochraceis, interstitiis levibus. . Fungi, dy M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 249 Has. On dead wood, growing on a Zhelephora or Mycelium, resembling T. sebacea, J. D. H. Gregarious. Pileus 1-2 lines or more across, subresupinate, dirty-white, hemispherical, slightly grooved, tomentose, often greyish or brownish when old, at length resupinate. Stem about 1 line high, tomentose, curved | back. Gills few, adnate, thick, ochraceous ; interstices even.—This species, like M. epileucus, Berk., seems gene- rally to grow on a substance like Thelephora sebacea, but whether of the nature of a Mycelium or not 1 am unable to say. In some conditions the pileus becomes entirely attached, and then resembles M. adherens, Berk. and Curt., a Venezuelan species. 3. Marasmius subsupinus (Berk.) ; pusillus, pileo convexo rugosiusculo furfuraceo postice adhm- rente, stipite brevi farinaceo, lamellis paucis rigidis planis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. About 4 of an inch across, ochraceous, with a rufous tinge, convex, rigid, furfuraceous, attached behind ; border sulcate or crenate. Stem short, farinaceous. Gills few, rather thick, firm; edge entire, obtuse, plane or only very slightly ventricose.— The gills are so thick and rigid that this pretty species might almost be placed in Lentinus. It varies in colour from nearly white to rufous. 4. Marasmius Eucalypti (Berk.); pileo conico umbone opereuliformi terminato 1. obtuso brun- neolo sericeo, stipite seteformi compresso nitente, lamellis ventricosis albis, interstitiis venosis. Has. On fruit and twigs of some Eucalyptus, Archer. Pileus 4-4 inch high, conical, brownish, silky, obtuse and truncate, or ending in an apiculate operculiform umbo; margin often reflected. Stem setiform, variable in length, dark, shining, sometimes branched and creeping. Gills few, cream-coloured, ventricose, attenuated above ; interstices wrinkled.—A very distinct and beautiful species. 5. Marasmius meloniformis (Berk.) ; minutus, pileo hemispheerico spadiceo umbilicato profunde sulcato farinaceo, stipite seteeformi nitido, lamellis albidis. Has. On leaves of Zucalypti, and on twigs, Archer. Minute. Pileus 4-1 line across, hemispherical, umbilicate, with about ten deep furrows and as many rounded ribs. Stem variable in length, sometimes creeping and branched, dark, shining. Gills few, white.—A pretty little species, allied to M. hematocephalus, etc. Gen. VIII. LENTINUS, Fr. Coriaceus 1. carnoso-lentus. amelie cum hymenophoro concrete, discrete (nec pliceformes), tenues, absque trama distincta, acie acuta dentata vel inciso-lacerata. A fine genus, abounding in tropical climates, but not confined to them, and differing from Agaricus in the tougher, more persistent substance. The Tasmanian species approach nearer to tropical types than most other Tasmanian Fungi. (Name from lentus, tough.) 1. Lentinus fasciatus (Berk. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 146). Has. On dead branches, Gunn, ete. 2. Lentinus hepatotrichus (Berk.); pileo ungulato hepatico antice glabrescente postice strigoso, lamellis latis pallidis margine crenato-dentatis. (Tas. CLXXXI. Fig. 9.) Has. On Stringy-bark Gum-tree : bank of Ovens Rivulet, July, 1855, Archer. Pileus ungulate, sessile, 3-1 inch broad, liver-coloured, at length smooth in front, behind covered with stri- gose tufts of hairs. Gills broad, distant, far paler than the pileus, and yellowish, with the edge strongly crenato- dentate. Spores dirty-white, elliptic. —PLATE CLXXXI. Fig. 9; a, upper side, nat. size; 6, under side, ditto ; c, spores on sporophores. VOL. II. 95 250 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 9. Lentinus pulvinulus (Berk.); resupinatus vel vertice affixus, pulvinatus, pileo pallido glabro margine sulcato, lamellis latis ochroleucis integris. (Tas. CLXXXI. Fig. 10.) Has. On dead wood, Archer. About 3-1 inch across or resupinate, laterally attached, remarkably convex, smooth, ochraceous ; margin sulcate. . Gills very broad, yellowish, farinaceous ; edge entire.—There are but three individuals of this very interesting species, and those not very perfect, but they show that it is guite distinct from anything that has hitherto been published in this beautiful group.—PrATE CLXXXI. Fig. 10; a, plant, naf. size; b, vertical section. There are two indifferent specimens in the Tasmanian collections of an obscure, smooth Lentinus, with an even stem, which is possibly undescribed, but I have not sufficient materials to draw up a good character. Gen. IX. PANUS, Fr. Carnoso-coriaceus, tenax, arescens. Lamelle perfect, tenaces, inzequales, acie acuta integerrima, trama distineta fibrosa in hymenium radiante. Distinguished from Zentinus by its fibrous trama, and the entire edge of the gills. (Name from panus, a web; in allusion to the nature of the trama.) l. Panus saccharinus (Berk.) ; pileo reniformi horizontali subcarnoso, stipite brevi furfuraceo vel obsoleto, lamellis margine glanduloso-appendiculatis. Has. On dead wood, Archer, From 3-1 inch across, reniform, somewhat fleshy, wrinkled when dry, either entirely sessile or springing from a short furfuraceous stem. Gills moderately broad; edge glandular, as if dusted with sugar. The tint varies from ochraceous to lateritious.— This species is closely allied to Panus stypticus, but appears to be truly distinct. The gills are broader, and the pileus, though not smooth, is by no means broken up into furfuraceous scales. Gen. X. XEROTUS, Pr. Hymenophorum cum stipite contiguum, descendens in tramam cum pileo coriaceo-membranaceo tenui homogeneum. Zamelle integre, obtuse, coriacex. A most beautiful genus, resembling Cantharellus, but differing in substance, and in the broad gills of the more typical species. (Name from Enpos, dry.) 1. Xerotus Archeri (Berk.) ; pileo reniformi minutissime ruguloso sulcato rufo, stipite brevissimo, margine deflexo, lamellis umbrino-brunneis inzqualibus simplicibus latiusculis distantibus paucis interstitiis levibus. (Tas. CLXXXIL Fig. 1.) Has. On dead sticks, etc., Archer, Pileus $ inch broad, red-brown, in parts paler, very minutely wrinkled, sulcate, smooth, at first furfuraceous ; margin waved. Stem very short, lateral, pulverulent. Gills few, simple, moderately broad, waved, with shorter ones intermixed, brownish ; interstices even.—Closely allied to X. discolor, which however differs in the absence of a stem, the more simple gills, ete. I have the same species from Chili.—Prate CLXXXII. Fig. 1; a, plant of nat, size, 2. Xerotus Papyraceus (Berk.) ; papyraceus, pileo. pallido striato 1. levi tenuj, margine demum expanso, lamellis simplicibus fuscis |. pallidis. (Tas. CLXXXII. Fig. 2.) Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Archer. Subimbricated, thin, pallid, at first convex, 3 inch broad, striate; margin expanded. Stem very short or ob- solete, Gills brown, simple, more numerous than in the last species,—This is very distinct, but its characters are Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 251 not easily defined. It is thinner, with scarcely any tint of red, and the gills are nearly twice as numerous. Dr. Hooker's specimens have the pileus even, and the gills pallid. —Puate CLXXXII. Fig. 2; a, plant of nat. size. Gen. XI. SCHIZOPHYLLUM, Fr. Aridus, excarnis. Lamella coriaceæ, ramoso-flabelliformes, acie longitudinaliter fissa, lamellulis discretis extrorsum revolutis. The split gills distinguish this genus from every species of the Agaricinous group except 4. schizophyllus, from which the habit, substance, and whole character at once separate it. It appears to be rare in Tasmania, as might be supposed from the very European type of almost all its species. (Name from oof, to clean, and $vAAov, a leaf.) 1. Schizophyllum commune (Fr. Ep. p. 403). Haz. On dead wood, J. D. H. It does not oceur in the other collections. No species of Lenzites have yet been discovered, and the genus is also absent from New Zealand, except under the tropical form of L. repanda. Gen. XII. BOLETUS, I. Hymenophorum ab hymenio prorsus discretum, nec in tramam descendens; tubuli ab hymenophoro secedentes. This genus, which contains many species, is in the series Polyporei what Agaricus is in Agaricinei, exhibiting at the same time the same loose connection between the hymenium and pileus as Pazillus. Exotie species are but little known, but those which have been noticed often exceed in beauty European forms. Two only have been dis- tinguished in Tasmania, but there is evidence of other forms. (Name from Boletus, a mushroom ; itself formed from BoMrqs.) 1. Boletus fruticicola (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 574). Has. On the roots of shrubs, Gunn 9. Boletus megalosporus (Berk.); pileo plano subalutaceo, stipite deorsum incrassato areolato monticuloso sursum reticulato, poris incarnatis, sporis maximis uni-triseptatis. (TAB. CLXXXII. Fig. 3.) Has. On the ground, principally under trees: Cheshunt, Archer. Pileus 4 inches across, flat but waved, tan-coloured, tinged with umber. Stem 2 inches high, bulbous, pale tan-coloured, reticulated above, below divided into pulvinate areolee. Tubes rose-coloured. Spores oblong, uni-tri- septate, „4, inch long, soo broad.—Unfortunately no specimens have been preserved; the exact affinities cannot therefore be indicated, though the species is probably near Boletus alutarius. The large spores and very peeuliar stem, with other characters, will at once point out the species.— PLATE CLXXXII. Fig. 3; a, plant, nat. size ; b, spore, magnified. Gen. XIII. POLYPORUS, Fr. sed cum eisdem in stratum proprium seu discolor Hymenophorum inter poros in tramam descendens, ym haud separabiles, primitus obsoleti seu minu- mutatum. Pori cum pilei substantia contigui, a se invicem tissimi. An enormous genus, containing many truly tropical species, of which scarcely one enters into the Tasmanian Flora. As in the ‘Flora of New Zealand,’ I retain the divisions proposed by Fries in his * Epierisis,’ without how- ever venturing any opinion contrary to his later views. (Name from vows, many, and mopos, a pore.) 252 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 1. Polyporus (Mesopus) oblectans (Berk. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 51). Haz. On the ground, Gunn, Archer, J. D. H. I have no perfect specimens of white, fleshy, or coriaceous Mesopodes. There is however evidence of the occur- rence of one or perhaps two species in Tasmania. 2. Polyporus (Mesopus) rudis (Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. p.923). (Tas. CLXXXII. Fig. 4.) Haz. On dead wood, Lawrence, Gunn, Archer, etc. PrATE CLXXXII. Fig. 4, plant of nat. size. 3. Polyporus (Pleuropus) elegans (Fr. Ep. p. 440), Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 4. Polyporus (Pleuropus) intonsus (Berk.); pileo flabelliformi tenui velutino brunneo, stipite excentrico brevi, hymenio albo, poris minutis punctiformibus deeurrentibus. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus flabelliform, 1 inch long and broad, depressed behind, thin, brown, with a rufous tinge, minutely velvety, somewhat virgate. Stem 2 lines high, 13 thick, attached by an orbicular disc, Hymenium white. Pores decur- rent, minute, punctiform, ro inch across.—A small species, allied to P. varius. 5. Polyporus (Pleuropus) lucidus (Fr. Ep. p. 442). Haz. On dead wood, Lawrence, Gunn. 6. Polyporus (Pleuropus) sanguineus (Fr. Ep. p. 444). Has. On dead wood, Gunn. Apparently a rare species in Tasmania, although P. cinnabarinus is extremely abundant. 7. Polyporus (Merisma) frondosus (Fr. Ep, p. 446). Haz. On dead trees, Gunn. 8. Polyporus (Merisma) sulphureus (Fr, Ep. p. 450). Haz. On dead wood, Gunn. 9. Polyporus (Merisma) radiato-rugosus (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 323). Haz. On dead wood, Guan. 10. Polyporus (Anodermei) tephronotus (Berk.) ; pileo molli tomentoso niveo postice brunneo, hymenio ex albo subeinerascente, poris minimis subrotundis. (Tas. CLXXXII. Fig. 5.) Has. On dead wood, Archer, Pileus 2 inches or more across, 12 inch long, sometimes pulvinate, sometimes thin, tomentose, almost spongy, pure-white, changing behind to brown. Hymenium white, but gradually assuming a pale-cinereous tint. Pores mi- nute, rj inch across, scarcely visible to the naked eye, punctiform.—This, though obviously belonging to the same section as P. epileucus, is allied to P. angustus and rhinocephalus. The older part sometimes becomes wrinkled, as in the latter species. There is a resupinate form, which at first sight seems distinct.— PraTE CLXXXIL Fig. 5; plant of nat. size, 11, Polyporus (Anodermei) campylus (Berk.); pileo palmato lobato albo glabrescente, hymenio concavo, poris parvis irregularibus, margine obtusiusculo. (TAB. CLXXXII. Fig. 6.) Haz. On dead wood, Archer, > Pileus slightly imbricated, 13-2 inches long, flabelliform, deeply lobed, and sometimes anastomosing, strongly curved when dry, white, slightly grooved, nearly smooth. Hymenium concave, white, across; edge rather obtuse. This belongs to the same sect; ; j is at once distinguished by its strongly lobed margin, which is deeply incurved when dry. : Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 253 12. Polyporus (Anodermei) angustus (Berk.); pileo angusto antice renascente pallido subto- mentoso postice exoleto scabriusculo fusco decurrenti-adnato, hymenio albo, poris minimis angulato-punc- tiformibus. (Tas. CLXXXII. Fig. 7.) Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus 3-3 inch long, 23 inches wide, decurrenti-affixed, behind exolete, brown, slightly scabrous, in front pale, slightly tomentose. Hymenium white. Pores very minute, „4; inch across, not visible to the naked eye, angulari- punctiform. Substance white, moderately firm.—This species seems strictly biennial. The more recent parts gra- dually acquire a resinous appearance, and at length become brown and almost laccate—Puiate CLXXXLL Fig. 7, nat. size. 13. Polyporus (Anodermei) rhinocephalus (Berk.); pileo dimidiato conchato tenui albido pri- mum tomentoso demum scabro-venoso 1. aculeato, poris ex albido cinereis minutis, (Tas, CLXXXLL Fig. 8.) Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus 1 inch broad, $ inch wide, dimidiate, conchate, thin, rigid when dry, at first white tomentose, nearly even, at length scabro-venous or aculeate, becoming resinous, and at length brown. Hymenium concave, at first pale like the pileus, then cinereous. Pores minute, angular, „45 inch across.—This species appears to be allied to P. adustus, but is more rigid when dry, and has a very different aspect. It is also closely allied to P. angustus.— Pap CLXXXII. Fig. 8, nat. size. 14. Polyporus (Anodermei) Gunnii (Berk.); pileo flabellato tenui albido sordescente tomentoso rugosiusculo subzonato, intus niveo, hymenio albo, poris irregularibus mediis. Haz. On twigs, etc.: Back River Gully, New Norfolk, Gunn, J. D. H, Pileus flabelliform, 3-4 inches across, 23 inches long, thin, slightly wrinkled, sometimes obscurely zoned, tomentose, dirty-white, becoming brownish; edge very thin. Hymenium white. Pores irregular, A, inch across. Dissepiments toothed.—Allied to P. adustus. 15. Polyporus (Anodermei) pelliculosus (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 575). Has. On dead wood, Guan, Archer, etc. 16. Polyporus (Placodermei) portentosus (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 188). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, etc. Allied to P. betulinus. 17. Polyporus (Placodermei) ochroleucus (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 53). Haz. On trunks of trees, Gunn. 18. Polyporus (Placodermei) australis (Fr. Ep. 464). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, ete. Common on Fagus Cunninghamii. 19. Polyporus (Placodermei) igniarius (Fr. Ep. p. 160). On dead wood, Gunn, etc. A very large form occurs on Eucalyptus. 20. Polyporus (Placodermei) Gourlizei (Berk.) ; dimidiatus, pileo convexo parce zonato stuppeo- velutino umbrino contextu molli-suberoso porisque mediis angulatis concoloribus. Has. On bark. Communicated by the late Mr. W. Gourlie. About 1 inch across, 3 long, dimidiate, convex, umber, tinged with yellow, with two or three zones, clothed, especially behind, with coarse pubescence. Substance moderately soft, pale-umber. Pores de inch across, irregular, unequal; dissepiment rather thick.—Allied to P. fulvus, Fr., and P. excavatus, Berk. VOL. II. 9 T 254 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 21. Polyporus (Placodermei) Laurencii (Berk.).—Polyporus rubiginosus, Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 324 (not of Fries). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, etc. 22. Polyporus (Placodermei) Tasmanicus (Berk.) ; pileo angusto sulcato pallide fulvo tomen- toso, hymenio contextuque concoloribus, poris minutis punctiformibus. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus apparently of several years’ growth, very narrow, grooved, pale-tawny when young, slightly tomentose. Hymenium and substance of the same colour. Pores minute, punctiform, substratose, 41; inch across.— This species resembles P. conchatus and salicinus, but the substance is of a far paler hue, and the appearance different. 23. Polyporus (Inodermei) cinnabarinus (Fr. Ep. p. 478). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, J. D. H., ete. 24. Polyporus (Inodermei) scruposus (Fr. Ep. p. 473). Has. On dead wood, Gunn. I believe my P. isidioides is merely a state of this. 25. Polyporus (Inodermei) lilacino-gilvus (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 324). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, ete. 26. Polyporus (Inodermei) brunneo-leucus (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 4). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, ete. 27. Polyporus (Inodermei) versicolor (Fr. Ep. p. 478). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, J. D. H. 28. Polyporus (Inodermei) vernicifluus (Berk.) ; pileo dimidiato subflabelliformi tenui verni- coso-polito rufo, hymenio pallido, poris minutis irregularibus. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Pileus 1 inch broad, 2 inch long, thin, slightly zoned, dimidiato-flabellate, covered with a thin, shining, rufous varnish; edge uneven, thin. Hymenium pale. Pores minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, irregular, ¿15 inch across; dissepiments thin. 29. Polyporus (Inodermei) Friesii (Kl. Linn. viii. t. 11). Haz. On dead wood, J. D. H., This species occurs also in the warmer parts of the United States. 90. Polyporus (Resupinatus) apricus (Berk.); resupinatus, effusus, laxe adheerens, xylostromati- cus, cervino-pallidus, poris mediis sparsis, dissepimentis tenuibus. Haz. On dead timber, J. D. H. : Effused, of a pallid fawn-colour, tinged here and there with yellow, membranous, adhering loosely, in parts slightly reflexed and tomentose. Pores occupying detached patches, 75 inch across, pale fawn-coloured, angular ; dissepiments thin, their edge acute. 31. Polyporus (Resupinatus) merulinus (Berk.); resupinatus, effusus, aurantiacus, subiculo tenui membranaceo tomentoso, poris mediis dissepimentis membranaceis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Orange-coloured, runs effused, without any definite margin, or only the thin, somewhat membranaceous, tomentose subiculum. Pores elongated from their position, darker than the subiculum, small, A. inch across; disse- Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 255 piments thin, membranaceous.— This species has a Merulioid aspect, but is a true Polyporus, allied to P. aneirinus. Its dark-orange pores must render it a pretty species when fresh. 32. Polyporus (Resupinatus) Archeri (Berk.); resupinatus, effusus, armeniacus, coriaceo-mem- branaceus, margine tomentoso, poris minutis irregularibus, acie acuta. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Effused, resupinate, coriaceo-membranaceous, apricot-coloured ; margin tomentose, flat or slightly raised. Pores minute, +3, inch across, irregular; edge acute.— The coriaceo-membranaceous texture and bright apricot tint easily distinguish this pretty species. Occasionally parts of the plant are bleached. The pores are much smaller than in P. apricus, which however differs in other respects. 33. Polyporus (Resupinatus) orbicularis (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 324). Has. On dead wood, Gunn. 34. Polyporus (Resupinatus) latus (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 325). Haz. On dead wood, Gunn, J. D. H. 35. Polyporus (Resupinatus) dzedaleoides (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 325). Has. On dead wood, Gunn. 36. Polyporus hyalinus (Berk.); resupinatus, albus, vitreus, tenuis, ambitu tomentoso, poris mini- mis centro elongatis. Has. On dead decorticated wood, Archer. Resupinate, thin; border tomentose, but tolerably even, not spreading out into byssoid threads. Hymenium much cracked when dry. Pores hyaline, very minute, elongated in the centre, „35 inch across.—Allied to P. vitreus, but very thin and delicate. 37. Polyporus (Resupinatus) vaporarius (Fr. Ep. p. 487). Has. On dead wood, Archer. Gen. XIV. HEXAGONIA, Fr. Hymenophorum descendens in tramam cum pilei substantia omnino concolorem et similem. Pori alveolares primitus dilatati. Distinguished from Polyporus by its regular, large pores, s shaped like the cells of a honeycomb. The species are mostly tropical. (Name from &$, si, and yavıa, an angle.) 1. Hexagonia Gunnii (Berk.).—Polyporus vesparius, Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iti. p. 323. Haz. On trunks of Eucalyptus, Gunn, Archer, ete. Gen. XV. FAVOLUS, Fr. Carnoso-lentus. Hymenium reticulatum, cellulosum, alveolatum. Alveoli radiantes e lamellis dense anastomosantibus formati, elongati, parietibus duplicatis. r The species approach some of the fleshy Polypori, but they differ in the cells being dilated from the first, as in Hexagonia. (Name from favus, a honeycomb.) l. Favolus pusillus (Fr. in Linn. v. p. 511). Haz. On dead wood, Gunn. 256 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. Gen. XVI. MERULIUS, Hall. Hymenium ceraceo-molle, plicis obtusis reticulatum. The reticulate folds distinguish this genus from its allies. The species belong prineipally to temperate regions. M. corium is very widely distributed, and assumes various forms. (Name originally given to the Morel, from serus, pure (safe to eat), and transferred to Fungi with a reticulate hymenium by Haller.) 1, Merulius corium (Fr. El. p. 58). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 2. Merulius pallens (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. 357). Has. On dead wood, Archer. b Some states are scarcely distinguishable from PAlebia. Gen. XVII. POROTHELIUM, Fr. Hymenium papillatum, papille demum aperte cum hymenophoro contigue. The resupinate species are immediately connected with Polyporus by the corky P. rugosum, from South America. From Fistulina the genus is distinguished by habit rather than by any definite characters. (Name from opos, a pore, and Ondn, a pap.) 1. Porothelium subtile (Fr. Ep. p. 504). Has. On dead wood, Archer. Gen. XVII. HYDNUM, Z. Hymenium aculeatum ; aculei liberi, deorsum spectantes, nisi in resupinatis. A large genus, containing the greater part of the Fungi which bear true prickles in contradistinction to broken pore-walls on the hymenium. H. repandum, a Tasmanian species, is one of the best esculent Fungi. (Name from vÔvov, a fungus.) l. Hydnum levigatum (Swartz; Fr. Syst. i. p. 399). Has. On the ground, Archer. ?. Hydnum repandum (L. Suec. 1258), Has. On the ground, J. D. H. 9. Hydnum cervinum (Berk.) ; resupinatum, effusum, immarginatum, vinoso-pallidum, primitus subtiliter tomentosum, aculeis setiformibus, Has. On dead wood, Archer, Very thin, effused, resupinate, at first minutely tomentose, arachnoid, then partially shining, as if washed with a delicate coat of gum, of a pallid-fawn tint. Prickles slender, short, setiform. | 4. Hydnum filicicola (Berk.) ; resupinatum, effusum, immarginatum, album, tenue, setulis basi poroso-connexis applanatis acutis. Has. On dead Fern-stems, Archer. Resupinate, thin, effused, immarginate, white, forming a thin membrane neither distinetly farinose nor tomen- tose. Teeth connected at the base so as to form imperfect pores, flat, acuminate, often triangular.—An obscure spe- cies, which bears a distant resemblance to Polyporus vaporarius, and approaches in its characters the genus Zrpez. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 257 9. Hydnum udum (Fr. Ep. p. 517). Haz. On dead wood, Archer, Gen, XIX, IRPEX, Fr. Hymenium inferum, primitus dentatum; aculei varii, seriatim 1. reticulatim dispositi basique plicis lamellosis (in sessilibus) porosisve (in resupinatis) concatenati. Distinguished from Hydnum by the connected teeth. From Polypori they differ in not being essentially porous. (Name from irper, a harrow.) l. Irpex Archeri (Berk.); albus, resupinatus, margine tomentoso arachnoideo, dentibus reticulato- connexis brevibus palmatis. (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 1.) Has. On dead wood, Archer, Effused, resupinate, white; margin thin, tomentose, arachnoid, barren, Teeth connected at the base, short, palmate.—This curious species is allied to Radulum palmatum, Berk., and with that and one or two more will pro- bably form a genus distinguished from Irpex by its palmate teeth. In R. palmatum (Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. p. 445) the teeth are one or two lines long ; in this, which has essentially the same structure, they do not exceed half a line. The genus, if it be thought worthy of being distinguished, may be called Cladodontia.—Piate CLXXXIII. Fig. 1; a, plant, nat. size; 6, hymenium, magnified, Gen. XX. GRANDINIA, Fr. Hymenium amphigenum, ceraceum, primitus granulosum, granulis subspheericis obtusis excavatisque. Distinguished from allied genera by the granular nature of the aculei. The species approach sometimes very close to Kneifia. (Name from grando, hail; in allusion to the granular hymenium.) 1. Grandinia granulosa (Fr. Ep. p. 527). Has. On decorticated wood, Archer, 2. Grandinia australis (Berk.); resupinata, effusa, immarginata, pallida, rimosa, intus nivea, hyme- nio granulato, granulis uni-bipapillatis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Entirely effused and resupinate, without any evident margin, pale, white within, cracked. Hymenium rough with unequal granules, each of which has one or more distinct papille.—This appears to be quite distinct from any of the European species, and to approach near to Kueiffia, from which it differs only in the papilla not being pro- longed into bristles. Gen. XXI. ODONTIA, Fr. Hymenium inferum, fibroso-contextum, protrudens verrucas apice cristato-multifidas inter se discretas. A genus consisting of a few species only, separated from Hydnum by its wart-like, crested aculei. (Name from oôovs, a tooth.) 1. Odontia secernibilis (Berk.) ; resupinata, membranacea, secernibilis, alba, aculeis brevissimis compressis subdivisis. Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Archer. Resupinate, separating entirely from the matrix, white, membranaceous, rather irregular. Teeth very minute, short, tomentose, compressed, slightly divided or toothed.—This has the habit of H, ochraceum, but the teeth of Odontia. VOL. II, "T 258 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Pungi, by M. J. Berkeley. Gen. XXII. CRATERELLUS, Pr. Carnosi. Hymenium distinctum, immutabile, demum subrugosum. The species of this genus are analogous to Cantharellus, but belong to a different series. The only Tasmanian species looks like a stipitate Merulius corium. (Name from kparnp, a goblet.) 1. Craterellus Pusio (Berk.); aurantiacus, pileo laterali convexo, stipite levi sursum incrassato, hymenio rugoso venoso. Has. Amongst Moss, Archer. Orange. Pileus 2-3 lines across, convex, lateral. Stem about 2 lines high, incrassated above. Hymenium concave, darker than the pileus, rugoso-venose.—A small but very pretty species. Gen. XXIII. THELEPHORA, 77. E carnoso rigescentes, subcoriacei; Aymenio cum pileo anodermeo concreto, ramoso-costato papillosove. In the more typical species the hymenium is various, papillary, or venose, but in some it is nearly even. The absence of any cuticle is an important character affecting the form, which is usually less definite than in Stereum. (Name Goin, a pap, and pepo, to bear.) 1. Thelephora riccioidea (Berk.) ; resupinata, arcte affixa, radiato-ramosa, pallida. Has. On the bare soil: New Norfolk, Gunn. Three inches or more across, closely fixed to the soil, radiating, branched, dirty-white; divisions dilated above, convex or concave.— This rather coarse species differs from every other with which I am acquainted. At first sight it somewhat resembles Thelephora sebacea, but it is essentially branched. 2. Thelephora Sowerbeii (Berk.).—Helvella pannosa, Sow. ¢. 155. Has. On the ground, Gunn, Archer, etc. 3. Thelephora Archeri (Derk.); dichotoma, stipitibus deorsum connatis, ramis compressis sursum dilatatis ochraceis, apicibus acutis brunneis. (Tas. CLXXXIIL Fig. 2.) Has. On the ground, Archer. About 12 inch high, dichotomous. Stems springing from a white, downy mycelium, combined below into a solid cylindrical mass, 2 lines thick, branched two or three times, forked, ochraceous; tips acute, brown.— PLATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 2; plant, nat. size; 5, portion, magnified. 4. Thelephora sebacea (Fr. Ep. p. 542). Has. Running over Jungermannie, etc., J. D. H. From the minuteness of the plants round which it grows, the specimens have a different — from those of Europe, but it seems to be the same species. 5. Thelephora viridis (Berk.) ; resupinata, effusa, immarginata, tomentoso-mollis, viridis, hymenio granulato. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Effused, about an inch broad, dull-green, of a soft tomentose substance. Hymenium covered with minute gra- nules, not visible to the naked eye. In colour it resembles Hydnum viride. Gen. XXIV. STEREUM, Fr. Hymenium coriaceum, sat crassum, cum strato intermedio pilei dermatini concretum, leve, semper im- mutatum et contiguum, persistens. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 259 The Tasmanian species are for the most. part European. S. lobatum is a tropical and subtropical form. (Name from orepeos, stiff.) 1. Stereum lobatum (Kze. in Weig. Exs.). Has. Tasmania, Gunn, Archer, Lawrence, J. D. H. 2. Stereum purpureum (Fr. Ep. p. 548). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 3. Stereum hirsutum (Fr. Ep. p. 549). Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Gunn, Archer. 4. Stereum concolor (Berk.); albidum, pileo dimidiato postice decurrente molli tomentoso per exsiccationem contracto involuto, hymenio levi concolore. Has. On twigs, dead branches, etc., Archer. Dirty-white, sometimes tinged with ochre. Pileus dimidiate or effuso-reflexed, decurrent behind, soft, tomen- tose, contracted and involute when dry. Hymenium smooth, even, of the same colour as the pileus.—Distinguished from every form of S. hirsutum by its less coriaceous substance, in conseguence of which it is contracted when dry. 5. Stereum spadiceum (Fr. Ep. p. 549). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 6. Stereum illudens (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 59). Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Gunn, Archer. 7. Stereum rubiginosum (Fr. Ep. p. 550). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 8. Stereum Archeri (Berk.); resupinatum, effusum, immarginatum, secernibile, vinoso-fuscum, setulosum, intus umbrinum. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Effused, resupinate, rigid when dry, moderately thick, of a deep mulberry-brown, setulose, very sparingly eracked, umber within, separating from the matrix.—Allied to Stereum rubiginosum. 9. Stereum acerinum (Fr. Ep. p. 555). Haz. On bark, Archer. Gen. XXV. CORTICIUM, Fr. Hymenium amphigenum, vegetum et fertile tumens, carnoso-molle, udum, undulatum papillosumve, siccitate collabens, levigatum, sepissime rimoso-incisum. Distinguished from Thelephora and Stereum by the softer, more tender hymenium. (Name from cortex, bark ; in consequence of the habitat of many of the species.) l. Corticium ochroleucum (Fr. Ep. p. 557). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 2. Corticium Mougeotii (Fr. Ep. p. 558). Has. Tasmania, Archer. This beautiful species oceurs in the Himalaya, as well as in Europe and Tasmania, 3. Corticium Lee (Fr. Ep. p. 560). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 260 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 4. Corticium roseum (Fr. Ep. p. 560). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 5. Corticium sulphureum (Fr. Ep. p. 561). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 6. Corticium cretaceum (Fr. Ep. p. 566).—Thelephora cretacea, Obs. i. p. 153. Has. On dead bark, Archer. 7. Corticium Archeri (Berk.); resupinatum, rufo-pallidum, intus album, crassiusculum, rimosum, immarginatum. Has. On charred wood, Archer. Effused, resupinate, immarginate, of a dirty pale-rufous, cracked, white within.—Allied to C. carneum. 8. Corticium arachnoideum (Berk. in Ann. Nat, Hist. xiii. p. 345). Has. On dead wood, Archer. Specimens occur in the collection which I at first referred to Auricularia minuta, Berk., but I am now inclined to refer them as a var. to S. hirsutum, Gen. XXVI, GUEPINIA, Fr. Gelatinosa, subtremellina, intumescens, sicca contrahitur, subcartilaginea. Hymenium definite inferum vel primitus superum, immutatum, persistens, Between Thelephora and Tremella. Some of the species are beautiful Fungi. (Name from Guepin, a French botanist.) 1. Guepinia Pezizzformis (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 60). Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Gunn, etc. Gen. XXVII. CYPHELLA, Fr. Submembranacea, postice adnata, subporrecta, pendula, raro erecta. Hymenium ut plurimum inferum, non discretum, demum insequabile. This genus includes those cup-shaped Fungi which are destitute of true asci. The species are mostly small and obscure. (Name from kudos, leaning forward.) 1. Cyphella muscigena (Fr. Ep. p. 567). Has. On mossy twigs, Archer. 2. Cyphella capula (Fr. Summa. p. 336). Has. On dead bark, Archer. Gen. XXVIII. CLAVARIA, Z. Carnosa, ramosa l. simplex, teres absque stipite distincto; hymenio contiguo, sicco. A vast genus, represented in Tasmania by several European forms, of which one or two are esculent. 1 have seen two other species besides those here enumerated, but cannot determine them from dried specimens. (Name from clava, a club.) l. Clavaria Botrytis (Pers. Fr. Ep. p. 571). Has. On the ground, Archer. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 261 2. Clavaria cristata (Holmsk. Fr. Ep. p. 572). Has. On the ground, and on Fern-stems, Archer. A fuliginous variety, which is sometimes divided, sometimes simply elavate, and then approaching the dark state of Clavaria rugosa. 3. Clavaria lutea (Vittadini, Fung. Mang. t. 29. f. 3). Has. On the ground, Archer. 4. Clavaria insequalis (Muell. Fr. Ep. p. 577 y- Has. On the ground, Archer. There are two forms in the collection, a larger and a smaller. 5. Clavaria Archeri (Berk.) ; fasciculata, brevis, aurantiaca, flabellato-clavata, rugosiuscula. (Tas. CLXXXILL Fig. 3.) Haz. On the ground, 4rcher. About 1 inch high, tufted, orange, flabellato-clavate from a thin stem, slightly wrinkled.—A very pretty species, - approaching in appearance some of the pale Thelephore. There is a taller variety of a deeper tint, and less tufted growth.—PLATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 3, plants, nal. size. 6. Clavaria rhizomorpha (Berk.); erumpens, confluens, castaneo-rubra, subsimplex. (Tas. CLX XXIII. Fig. 4.) Has. On dead bark, Archer. Springing from cracks in the bark, confluent at the base, of a rich chestnut-red, simple or very slightly branched, irregular, obtuse.—A very singular species, with the habit of Calocera.—PLATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 4, plants, naf. size. 7. Clavaria juncea (Fr. Ep. p- 579). Haz. On twigs, Archer. The Tasmanian form is very slender, and creeps frequently for several inches along decayed twigs. It is, I be- lieve, the same with Calocera filum, Lév., a Chilian Fungus, confounded by Léveillé with Crinula Gayana, M., which, however similar in appearance when incomplete, is distinguished when perfect by its abrupt, terminal, globular head. Gen. XXIX. CALOCERA, Fr. Omnia Clavaria excepto contextu firmo gelatinoso. Distinguished from Clavaria by the gelatinous substance, in consequence of which, when dry, the plant appears horny. (Name from alos, beautiful, and Kepas, a horn.) 1. Calocera Guepinioides (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p- 61). Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Archer. The Tasmanian specimens belong to the simple form. Gen. XXX. TREMELLA, Dill. Gelatinosa, tremula, immarginata, enucleata, contextu floccoso, epapillosa, undigue fructificans. Spore e sporophoris discretis oriunde, simplices. Separated from Dacrymyces by its simple, not septate spores, and from some others of the section by its more gelatinous substance and indeterminate hymenium. (Name from tremulus, trembling ; in allusion to the soft sub- stance.) : VOL. II. ox 262 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. l. Tremella frondosa (Fr. Ep. p. 588). Has. On dead wood, Gunn. 2. Tremella foliacea (Fr. Ep. p. 588). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer. 3. Tremella lutescens (Fr. Ep. p. 588). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 4. Tremella mesenterica (Retz, Fr. Ep. p. 588). Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer. Both spermatiferous and sporiferous. 5. Tremella albida (Huds. Fr. Ep. p. 589). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 6. 'Tremella olens (Berk.); irregularis, gelatinosa, pallida, olens, sporis oblongis. (TAB, CLXX XIII. Fig. 5.) Has. On dead wood, Archer. Irregular, dirty-white, inclining to brown, effused, slightly lobed. Spores oblong, 175-3045 inch in length, accompanied by very minute subglobose spermatia. Smell faint, unpleasant.— When dry, forming a shapeless mass, like the young state of some Gasteromycete. T have seen no globose or lobed sporophores in this Species.— PLATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 5; a, structure; 3, spores; c, spermatia :—all magnified. 7. Tremella viscosa (Berk. et Br. in Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 406). Has. On dead wood, Archer. Gen. XXXI. EXIDIA, Pr. Gelatinosa, tremula, submarginata, contextu floccoso, subtus sterilis ; hymenio papillato. Distinguished at once from Tremella by the inferior surface being sterile, and the upper papillate. (Name from exsudo, to ooze out.) 1. Exidia glandulosa (Fr. Ep. p. 591). Has. On dead wood, Archer. Gen. XXXII, HIRNEOLA, 7. Tremula, sed non gelatina distenta, subtus hispidula ` Aymenio levi, distincto. Separated from Eridia on account of its firmer substance and even hymenium. In most of the species the barren surface is hispid. ZZ. auricula is found in almost every part of the world. (Name from hirnea, a vessel.) l. Hirneola Auricula-Judze (Berk.). (Exidia, Fr.) Has. On dead wood, Gunn. ?. Hirneola vitellina (Mont. Syll. p. 182); pallida, orbicularis, undulata, pusilla, stipite brevi compresso, sporis endochromate multiannulato.— Berk. in F7, Antaret. p. 940. t. 164, Zä. Yxidia vitel- lina, Lë, (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 6.) Haz. On dead wood, Archer. Pale honey-coloured (orange or deep-yellow), à inch across, orbicular, umbilicate, undulated, even beneath. Stem short, compressed, darker than the pileus. Spores . 2501500 inch long, hyaline, curved, obtuse above, rather pointed at the base. Endochrome hyaline, divided into several annular masses, which are sometimes again divided; Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. | 263 threads flexuous, often suddenly curled over at the origin of the branches,— This description is taken from the Tas- manian specimens, but the Fuegian and Chilian plants appear to be the same thing, differing only in their brighter colour.—PrATE CLXXXIIL Fig. 6, structure of plant; 4 b, spores, more or less magnified. Gen. XXXIII. DACRYMYCES, Nees. Omnia Zremelle exceptis sporis septatis conidiis ma nis spermatiisque e sporis oriundis. H P gnis spe q po The hymenium is more or less indeterminate, as in Tremella, but the spores are se tate, and the spermatia P P pe grow on the spores. There are also large conidia, formed from the articulations of the terminal branchlets. (Name from daxpv, a tear, and puras, a fungus.) 1. Dacrymyces deliquescens (Duby). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. The cells in the curved spores vary from four to six. 2. Dacrymyces miltinus (Berk.); pusilla, cinnabarina, gyroso-lobata. (TAB. CLXXXIIL Fig. 7.) Haz. On hard, dry wood, Archer. Of a bright, red-orange, short, wavy, lobed. Spores oblongo-reniform, at length 6-septate, 1255-1800 inch long. Sporophores swollen.—The brighter colour, larger and more swollen sporophores, and 6-septate spores, dis- tinguish this species from D. deliguescens.— LATE CLXXXIIL Fig. 7; a, plants, maf. size; b, sporophores ; c, spore :—both magnified. 3. Dacrymyces sclerotioides (Berk.) ; albus, orbicularis, centro depressus, pezizeeformis. (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 8.) Has. On dead bark, J. D. H. About 1 line broad, white, orbicular, depressed in the centre, almost cartilaginous. Nucleus firm; ultimate apices of some of the branches clavate and septate.—This and the following species agree in the septate tips of some of the branches, corresponding with the deciduous tips in the asporous form of D. deliquescens. In neither have I at present found true spores.—PLATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 8; a, plants, nat. size; 6, c, structure, magnified ; d, ditto in D. seriatus. 4. Dacrymyces seriatus (Berk.) ; erumpens, seriatus, albidus, sublutescens, irregularis, substra- tosus. Haz. On dead bark, Archer. Forming rows of confluent, small, dirty-white, subcartilaginous patches, which exhibit within three or four concentric lines of growth. ‘Tips of some of the threads clavate and septate. Gen. XXXIV. OCTAVIANIA, Fitt. Integumentum molliusculum, haud ægre solubile; trama e fibris byssaceis intexta. Spore spherice, demum echinate. A genus of Truffles, allied to Hydnangium, but differing in its more easily separable integument, fibrous not cellular trama, and globose spores. (Name from Ottaviani, an Italian mycophilist.) 1. Octaviania Archeri (Berk.) ; obovata, pusilla, basi sterili satis magna, fibrillis nullis, trama compacta, sporis globosis echinate. Has. On sandy ground, Archer. Obovate, + inch high. Peridium very thin, passing into a thick sterile base, from which proceeds a little 264 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. down, binding the sand together without any decided filaments. Trama compact. pores globose, 15 inch: across, strongly echinulate,—This agrees with Hydnangium in the trama separating in the centre, in conse- quence of its compact structure, and with Octaviania in its sterile base. There is only a single speeimen, much eaten by insects. Gen. XXXV. LYSURUS, Fy. Receptaculum sursum divisum in lacinias equales integras l. emarginatas, apicibus liberis. This genus is distinguished from Clathrus by the free apices of the laciniee, and from Aseroë by their not being deeply bifid. (Name from Ava, to loosen, and ovpa, a tail ; from the free divisions.) l. Lysurus Archeri (Berk). (Tas. CLXXXIV.) Has. On the ground, Archer. Pirate CLXXXIV, Fig. 1, young plant, and volva of old; 2, expanded plant; 3, laciniee :—a7J nat. size ; 4, transverse section of lacinia ; 5, tips of ditto; 6, surface of ditto ; 7 and 8, threads of structure; 9, spores :—all magnified, Gen. XXXVI. ILEODICTYON, 7. Volva universalis, globosa, intus gelatinosa. Receptaculum sessile, cancellatum, ramis late fistulosis nec porosis ilia mentientibus. Hymenium setis parieti interno adhærens. Distinguished from Clathrus by the hollow branches of the receptacle. (Name from eege, an intestine, and Ôucrvov, a net.) 1. Ileodictyon gracile (Berk. in Lond. Journ. Bot, iv. p. 69). Has. On the ground (May), Gunn, Archer, ete. (Eaten when young.) Gen. XXXVII, GEASTER, Mich. Peridium duplex ; exterius discretum, persistens, radiis stellatis expansis dehiscens. Distinguished from other Puff-balls by their radiate external peridium. (Name from yn, the earth, and aorTnp, a star.) l. Geaster tenuipes (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p.576). (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 9.) Haz. On the ground, Gunn. PLATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 9, plant, nat. size 3 a, orifice, magnified, 2. Geaster Archeri (Berk.) ; saccatus, peridii exterioris flaccidi laciniis acuminatis, interiore sessili, ore plicato. (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 9 bis.) Haz. On the ground, Archer. Outer peridium split halfway down into about seven acuminate lacini, so as to form a deep sac, in which the inner perfectly sessile peridium is sunk; orifice plicate, but less so than in G. striatus, not rising from a distinct orbicular disc.—This differs from the small form of G. striatus in the perfectly sessile inner peridium, the less regularly plicate orifice, and the saccate outer peridium. Ik is a small species, scarcely exceeding an inch in diameter when dry. It differs from G. saccatus in the nature of the orifice.—PrATE CLXXXIII. Fig. 9 dis, plant, naf. size, 9. Geaster saccatus (Fr. Syst. Mye. iii. p. 16). Haz. On the ground, Gunn, Archer, ete. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 265 4. Geaster fimbriatus (Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. p. 16). Has. On the ground, J. D. H. 5. Geaster australis (Berk.); peridio exteriori rigido in lacinias plures ovatas semipartito, peridio interiori omnino sessili, ore subindeterminato, ciliato-dentato. Haz. On the ground, Archer. (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 10.) Outer peridium rigid, cleft halfway down into about six ovate lacinie ; inner peridium perfectly sessile; orifice distinctly ciliate, split into several teeth. Spores dark, even, about 44155 inch across. —Resembling G. limbatus, but the peridium is perfectly sessile. From @. rufescens it is distinguished by its distinctly ciliate orifice, and from G. fimbriatus by its rigid outer peridium. When expanded it is about 2 inches across.— Pate CLXXXIIT. Fig. 10, plant, nat. size. Gen. XXXVIII. BOVISTA, Diù. Peridium papyraceum, persistens, cortice discreto demum secedente. Spore pedicellate. The distinet outer peridium and pedicellate spores distinguish this from common Puff-balls. One species only occurs in Tasmania, which is nearly allied to a European species, with similarly coloured spores. (Name Latinized from the German, bofist, a puff-ball.) l. Bovista lilacina (Mont. et Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 64). Has. On the ground, Gunn. Gen. XXXIX. LYCOPERDON, Tourn. Peridium membranaceum, flaccescens aut superne evanescens, cortice adnato subpersistente, in squamas l. verrucas varias abeunte. Capillitium molle, basi sterili peridioque adnatum. The species of this genus are for the most part widely diffused and very variable. The spores are pedicellate in one or two species. (Name from Avxos, a wolf, and epdw, in allusion to the ancient notion as to their origin.) l. Lycoperdon pyriforme (Scheff. t. 189). Has. On the ground, Archer. 2. Lycoperdon gemmatum (Fr. Ep. p. 36). Haz. On the ground, Gunn, Archer, etc. 3. Lycoperdon Gunnii (Berk.); sessilis, subglobosa, minutissime stellato-verrucosa, columella brevi, sporis longe pedunculatis. Has. In pastures, New Norfolk, June, Gunn. 1-2 inches across, subglobose, olive. Inner coat shining, clothed with very minute stellate warts. : Columella short. Spores globose, smooth, bright-olive, ¿757 inch long, supported on a peduncle three times their own dia- meter. 4. Lycoperdon glabrescens (Berk. d ato verrucosum, glabrescens, capillitio sporisque pedunculatis umbrinis, conico. Has. On sandy ground, Oct. 1845, Gunn. Subhemispherical, 13 inch across, umber, plicate below, clothed with minute starry warts above, gradually becoming smooth. Stem short, sending out two or three fibrous roots, cellular within and tinged with violet. Columella indistinct. Capillitium and globose pedunculate spores, which are 5757 inch across, umber; mouth conical. Peduncles twice as long as the spores. VOL. II. ) ; breviter pedunculatum, subhemispheericum, umbrinum, cili- pedunculo intus subviolaceo, ore 3 Y 266 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 5. Lycoperdon australe (Berk.); sessile, radicans, globoso-depressum, minute aculeato-verruco- sum, glabrescens, strato sterili parvo L obsoleto, sporis capillitioque umbrinis, ore demum conico aperto. Has. On the ground, J. D. H., Gunn. This was sent under the same number with Z. glabrescens, which it much resembles, but the barren stratum is small or obsolete, and if present differently coloured. The spores are not pedunculate, and are rather smaller. Gen. XL. SCLERODERMA, P. Peridium firmum, irregulariter 1. stellatim dehiscens. F%oceö peridio undique adnati, vacuolis im- mixtis minutis in quibus glomeruli sporarum apicibus floccorum oriundarum absque peridiolo nidulantur. Resembling Truffles, especially when growing in sand, but differing very materially in structure. (Name from orAnpos, hard, and 8eppa, skin.) l. Scleroderma Geaster (Fr. Syst. Myc. p. 46). Has. On the ground, Archer. Gen. XLI. MITREMYCES, Nees. Peridium externum, corneum, ore determinato dentibus sguameeformibus coloratis clauso, velum rup- tum cartilagineum ; interius sacciforme, discretum, minutum, ex ore suspensum. A very curious genus of plants, occurring in the United States, the Himalayas, etc., but not in Europe. (Name from purpa, a bonnet, and puxns, a fungus; in allusion to the calyptriform deciduous veil.) l. Mitremyces fuscus (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 325). Has. On the ground, Gunn, Archer, etc. Gen. XLII. MESOPHELLIA, Berk. - Peridium crassum, coriaceum, substratosum, capillitium fasciculato-anastomosans ad columellam cen- tralem suberosam radians. Flocci flexuosi. Spore breviter fusiformes, utrinque obtusiuscule.—Genus Cyclodermati, Klotzsch, affine. Species unica hypogzea. (Name from peros, middle, and eAXos, cork.) 1. Mesophellia arenaria (Berk. in Linn. Tr. xxii. p. 181. t. 25 C). Has. In the sandy soil, Archer. From ¿-1 inch across, elliptic, somewhat depressed, subterrancous, clothed externally with white flocci, which attach themselves to little grains of sand. After the external down has been removed, in old specimens dark branched veins are seen to run over the peridium, without however giving off free bundles of threads, as in Hystero- myces. Peridium single, coriaceous, apparently consisting of several closely compacted strata, like wasp pasteboard. Flocci pinkish-grey, radiating in little fascicles from the peridium to the large central corky columella. Spores fusi- form, short, slightly obtuse at either end, ¿955 of an inch long, of the same colour as the flocci. This genus approaches close to Cycloderma, Klotzsch, but there is no inner peridium ; the columella is not attached, and the spores are fusiform instead of globose. It is a most interesting addition to Fungi, and, like Cycloderma, connects Trichogastres with Myxogastres. The early condition of the plant is however quite unknown. The colour of the spores reminds one of Lycogala, and the veins of the peridium of Hysteromyces. Gen. XLIII. ATHALIUM, L. Peridium indeterminatum, membranoso-cellulare, fragile, fatiscens, extus strato floccoso evanescente corticatum, intus e floccis in strata membranacea coalitis cellulosum. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 267 The only species is universally distributed, and is the pest of hothouses, from its abundant dusty spores. (Name from aan, soot.) l. ZEthalium septicum (Fr. Syst. iii. p. 93). Has. Amongst fallen leaves, Gunn. Gen. XLIV. DIDERMA, Pers. Peridium duplex, exterius crustaceum, discretum, glabrum, fragile, dehiscens; interius tenerrimum, membranaceum, evanescens. ` Ffocci vagi, versus basin adnati, aut sepius columelle affixi interque sporas compactas repentes, raro latentes. The only Tasmanian species in the collection is one of the commonest European forms. Probably others will reward future researches. (Name from is, double, and deppa, a skin.) l. Diderma vernicosum (Pers. Syn. p. 165). Has. On sticks, Archer. Gen. XLV. DIDYMIUM, Schrad. Peridium membranaceum, tenue, irregulariter dehiscens aut fatiscens, tectum cortice (peridio externo non discreto) adnato in squamulas furfuraceas aut villum farinosum mox fatiscente. Flocei vagi, peridio adnati, inter sporas repentes. Here again we have one of the commonest European forms. (Name from &óvpos, double.) l. Didymium costatum (Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. p. 118). Has. On sticks, moss, etc., Archer. The stem is longer than in the state described by Fries, and the peridium umbilicate. Columella white; flocci dark. Gen. XLVI. PHYSARUM, Pers. Peridium simplex, membranaceum, nudum, irregulariter dehiscens. Columella nulla. Spore floccis peridio adnatis intertexte. The perfect, simple, delicate peridium, combined with the absence of a columella, at once characterize this genus. The Tasmanian representatives are altogether European. (Name from vraw, to puff up.) 1. Physarum nutans (Pers. Syn. p. 203). Haz. On Sterea, etc., Archer. Peridium white. Stem tawny. 2. Physarum hyalinum (Pers. Syn. p. 170). Has. On moss, etc., Archer. i The peridium is globose, and the stems pale, but of the same nature as those of P. hyalinum, though agreeing in colour with those of P. utrieulare. The two species are probably mere forms of one. I have, in fact, undoubted P. hyalinum, from Fries, marked P. utriculare. Both belong to the genus Badhamia, should it be found that it is really distinct from Physarum, or, in other words, if Physarum has ever solitary spores. Gen. XLVII. CRATERIUM, Trentepohi. Peridium simplex, operculatum. Capillitium e floccis subloculosum. 268 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. A very curious genus, confined to temperate regions, remarkable for its operculum and peculiar habit. (Name from xparnp, a goblet.) 1. Craterium minutum (Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. p. 151). Has. On grass, Archer. Gen. XLVIII. STEMONITIS, Gled. Peridium simplex, tenuissimum, membranaceum, fugax. Capillitium determinatum, stipiti intranti adnatum. Flocei reticulati. The genus Stemonitis is a columellate Physarum. Its species are mostly widely diffused, and some flourish both in hot and temperate regions. One Tasmanian form is remarkable for its rough spores. (Name from orynpoy, a thread or stem.) 1. Stemonitis fusca (Roth, Germ. i. p. 448). Has. On dead wood, Gunn. 2. Stemonitis oblonga (Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. p. 159). Hae. On decayed wood, Archer. 9. Stemonitis echinuluta (Berk.); peridio globoso columbino-chalybeo, stipite valido aterrimo sursum attenuato semipenetrante, capillitio pallido globoso, sporis magnis eleganter echinulatis. Has. On moss, Archer. Peridium globose, very thin, showing dove-like prismatic hues, thicker and persistent below. Sien longer than the peridium, very dark, stout, attenuated upwards, passing halfway into the cavity of the peridium. Capillitium compact, growing from the columella. Spores zsp inch across, beautifully echinulate.—Allied to S. arcyrioides, but remarkable for its stout stem and large spores. Gen. XLIX. TRICHIA, Hall. Peridium simplex. Columella nulla. Capillitium elasticum, floceis vascularibus. The spiral threads distinguish this from all Myzogastres. The species are for the most part widely diffused, but, besides common forms, Tasmania has two very distinct species. (Name from 6pi£, a hair.) l. Trichia rubiformis (Pers. Syn. p. 176). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 2. Trichia metallica (Berk.); peridio lentiformi fulvo metallicis coloribus ornato subtus umbi- licato, stipite brevi cylindrico carneo, floccis rectis radiantibus sporisque incarnato-fulvis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Peridium \entiform, tawny, adorned with various metallic tints, frequently disposed in little specks like granu- lations, flattened or umbilicate beneath. Stem short, cylindrical, flesh-coloured. Flocci slender, radiating. Spores 33s inch across, reddish-ochre, like the flocci, inclining to tawny.—The most beautiful of all the Zrichie, though small, and singularly distinct. Its nearest ally is Trichia falaz. 3. Trichia chrysosperma (DC. Fl. Fr. ii. 250). Han. On dead wood: Sassafras Valley, Archer, J. D. H. The stem is sometimes far more distinct than usual. 4. Trichia varia (Pers. Syn. p. 181). Has. On dead wood and moss, Archer. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 269 5. Trichia verrucosa (Berk.) ; subcespitosa, peridio turbinato sordide ochraceo, stipite debili fili- formi decumbente sporis magnis verrucosis. Has. On charred wood, Archer. Somewhat crowded or scattered. Peridia dull-ochre, turbinate, seated on a filiform, weak, decumbent stem. Spores globose, verrucose, 47, inch across, yellow, as well as the capillitium.— This species, which at first sight resembles Trichia varia, is at once distinguished by its large verrucose spores. Gen. L. PERICHANA, Fr. Peridium simplex, sepe circumscissum. Flocci rari, sporis immixti. This genus resembles Trichia, but is at once distinguished by the absence of vascular hairs. (Name from mepu, around, and xawo, to gape.) 1. Perichzena contorta (Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. p. 192). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. Paler than usual, and with no trace of capillitium. Gen. LI. LICEA, Schrad. Peridium tenue, irregulariter dehiscens. Spore laxe. Flocei nulli. Distinguished by the utter absence of flocci from all Myzogastres, except one or two of the more obscure Peri- chene. The only Tasmanian species is a strictly European form. (Origin of name unknown.) 1. Licea fragiformis (Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. p. 196). Has. On dead wood: Penquite, Gunn. Gen. LIT. CYATHUS, Pers. Peridium primum obovatum vel fusiforme, obtusum, apice demum centrali dehiscens, et velo candido tympani instar clausum, € membranis tribus arcte invicem applicatis compositum. Sporangia plana, umbi- licata, funiculo parietibus addicta. Spore sporophoro innate. | Of this curious genus there is but one Tasmanian species, identical with one of the two New Zealand forms, and resembling the European C. vernicosus. (Name from cyathus, a cup.) 1. Cyathus Colensoi (Berk. in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 192). Has. On cowdung, etc., Gunn, Archer. Gen. LIH. SPHJEROBOLUS, Tode. Peridium duplex, interius demum elastice inversum et sporangium solitarium globos Spore sporophoro adnate. Distinguished from Cyathus and its allied genera by the solitary sporangium which is shot out of the peridium, by the inversion of the inner coat, like a shell out of a mortar. The structure of the sporangia 18 essentially the same. (Name from capa, à ball, and BaMo, to cast.) l. Sphzerobolus stellatus (Tode, Meck. i. p. 43). Haz. On decayed wood, Archer. Gen. LIV. SPHJERONEMA, Fr. liberum. Spore demum exsudantes apicique perithecii adherentes. 3 z um ejiciens. Perithecium liberatum vel omnino VOL. U. 270 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. This, like other genera of sporiferous Spheria, is composed of more or less doubtful species, inasmuch as they may be spermatiferous forms of higher genera. Till more however is known on the subject, it is needful to retain them in their appointed place; and even after due eliminations have been made, it is very possible that there may still be really autonomous productions amongst them. (Name from capa, a globe, and varpa, gelatine.) — l. Sphzeronzema rufum (Fr. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 536). Has. On exposed wood, Archer. The specimens on analysis exhibit the structure of a Sclerotium, as in fact do many true Spheriacee in a young state. It is curious that this is the only production of the group which has been collected in Tasmania. It is scarcely however credible that such productions as Phoma, Leptostroma, etc., should be entirely wanting. Gen. LV. /ECIDIUM, Gmel. Spore concatenate, in soros congestze, peridio membranaceo demum lacerato-aperto cincta. The delicate peridium and the bright spores which it encloses make these little parasites extremely pretty ob- jects. The species are however comparatively rare in the southern hemisphere. Two of the three Tasmanian spe- cies appear to be perfectly distinct from those of Europe. (Name from au«ov, a wheal, and eio, to resemble.) l. ZEcidium soleniseforme (Berk.); maculis orbicularibus fuscis, peridiis cylindricis elongatis candidis apice laciniato-radiatis, sporis subangularibus aurantiacis. Has. On pods of Goodia latifolia, Archer. Forming round brown spots. Peridia crowded, central, white, nearly a line long, irregularly divided above. Spores mostly angular, often 5-6-angled, about — inch across; border of cells of the peridium striate.—Resem- bling Zeidium Berberidis. 2. ZEcidium cystoseiroides (Berk.) ; pustulatum, folia deformans, peridio immerso, sporis auran- tiacis subangulatis. Has. On Opercularia varia, J. D. H., Gunn. Forming little pustules on the upper side of the leaves, which it swells out so as tolook like the fruit of a Cystoseira. Peridia immersed within the pustules, bursting at the apex. Spores rather angular, orange, very minutely echinulate, at first forming necklaces, 3. ZEcidium ranunculacearum (DC. Fl. Fr. vi. p. 97). Has. On a small species of Ranunculus : St. Patrick's River, Nov. 1844, Gunn. Gen. LVI. USTILAGO, Zz. Receptaculum effusum, e cellulis minimis irregularibus compositum. Spore minores simplices, pulve- races, Most of the species have loose soot-like spores, but in a few they are closely compacted. (Name from ustus, burnt.) 1. Ustilago solida (Berk.) ; compacta, globosa, atra, sporis subglobosis levibus. (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 11.) Has. On Chatophora imberbis : Penguite, Dec. 1845, Gunn. Forming little, globose, pill-shaped, compact bodies, scarcely a line across, jet-black. Spores aggregate, sub- globose, I inch in diameter, mostly smooth, but rarely exhibiting two or three flat vesicular prominences, mixed with shreds of tissue and threads. — This species connects Ustilago and Sporisporium.—Piate CLXXXIII. Fig. 11, plant, nat. size; a, group of Spores, magnified ; b, separate spores, highly magnified. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 271 Gen. LVII. PILACRE, Fr. Peridium capitatam, supra membranaceum, tenerrimum, fatiscens. Spore subglobose, in strato su- pero peripherico coacervate. Small Fungi, with the habit of Onygena, but allied to the Moulds. (Name from mos, a hat, and axpov, the top of anything.) 1. Pilacre divisa (Berk. in Fl. N. Zeal. p. 197). Has. On dead wood, Archer. The specimens are imperfect and undivided, but they appear to belong to the same species with those from New Zealand. Gen. LVIII. ISARIA, Hill. Receptaculum elongatum, floccosum, floccis sporiferis rectis tectum. Spore nude. Isarice are essentially compound Sporotricha, and, like them, are for the most part mere conditions of higher Fungi. Some however are autonomous. (Name from wos, egual ; from the equal height of the individual plants of the original species.) 1. Isaria radians (Berk.); cervino-grisea, orbicularis, ramosa, undique floccis verticillatis vel sub- dichotomis vestita, sporis ellipticis minimis. Has. On bark, Archer. Forming patches 2-1 inch broad. Receptacle branched, radiating, composed of threads, the free portions of which are verticillate or subdichotomous, each branchlet being terminated by an elliptic spore 257 inch long.— This species resembles Jsaria umbrina, Pers., but the decidedly branched receptacle and radiating patches easily dis- tinguish it. It is not accompanied by any Spheria, but whether autonomous or not I am unable to say. Gen. LIX. TRICHODERMA, Pers. Peridium indeterminatum, e floccis ramosis septatis contextum, demum in medio evanescens. Spore minute, siccze, in disco conglobate. The species are probably not autonomous, and resemble collapsed patches of Mould. (Name from Dout, a hair, and depya, a skin.) 1. Trichoderma viride (Pers. Syn. p. 230). Has. On dead bark, Archer. Gen. LX. VERTICILLIUM, Nees. Flocci ramosi, ramis verticillatis apice monospermis. pore simplices. Little Moulds, known by their distinctly whorled branches. Of exotic species very little is known. (Name from verticillus, a whorl.) i 1. Verticillium niveum (Berk.) ; candidum, ramosum, ramulis basi incrassatis breviusculis, sporis oblongis. Haz. On dead Agarics, Archer. Snow-white, delicate, branched. Whorls consisting of about three branchlets, which are acute above, and thickened below. Spores oblong, zdgg inch long.—Differs from V. agaricinum in its shorter branches, more deli- cate habit, and far smaller spores. 272 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. Gen. LXI. POLYACTIS, ZA. Fioeei decolorantes, subfusci, rami versus apicem cymosi l. paniculati. Spore simplices. - Brownish Moulds, at first white, irregularly branched, with the ramuli mostly near the apex, and forming little cymes or panicles, but not vertieillate. (Name from zoue, many, and axrıs, a ray.) , 1. Polyactis vulgaris (Lk. Obs. i. p. 14. f. 22). Has. On dead twigs, Archer. The few perfect individuals that I have seen are but slightly divided above, but the plant seems a mere form of the common P. vulgaris. The spores are slightly obovate, and about ¿2,7 inch long. Gen. LXII. RHINOTRICHUM, Corda. Flocci sursum incrassati, spiculiferi, spiculis sporiferis. Spore subglobosz. Distinguished from Botrytis by the swollen tips of the threads, which are studded with the spores. (Name from fum, a file.) 1. Rhinotrichum microsporum (Berk); filis agglutinatis, clavulas subcylindricas efformantibus, apicibus cylindrico-clavatis, sporis globosis minutis. Has. On soil, Archer. White. Mycelium at first creeping, then agglutinated into little fascicles, so as to form short Isariseform clubs, but frequently barren; ultimate flocci cylindrico-clavate, obtuse, studded with very minute spicules, each of which bears a globose spore «gl inch in diameter.—This has the habit of an Isaria, and is moreover distinguished by its minute spores, Gen. LXIII. MORCHELLA, Dill. Receptaculum clavatum 1. pileatum. Hymenium costis elevatis lacunosum. Asci fixi. Morels occur in many parts of the world, and the common species is collected in the northern Himalayas, for food, as it is in Europe. I have seen but a single immature Tasmanian specimen. (Name Latinized from the German, Morchel.) 1, Morchella esculenta, 8 conica (Fr. Syst, Myc. ii. p. 7). Has. On the ground, Archer. Gen. LXIV. HELVELLA, Z. Receptaculum pileatum, centro suffultum, deflexum, Hymenium leve, superum. Asci fixi. Distinguished at once from Morels by their lobed, even receptacle. Some of the species are esculent, as is probably the Tasmanian form. (Name applied to some Fungus or esculent vegetable by Cicero.) l. Helvella monachella (Fr. Syst. Mye. ii. p. 18). Has. In the valley on the north side of Cuming's Head, about halfway up, Nov. 1855, Archer. This is rather larger than the European form, but differs in no other respect. The pileus is dark-brown, lobed, deflexed, and adnate; the stem pale rufous, and smooth. Gen. LXV. LEOTIA, Hil. Receptaculum pileatum, orbiculare, margine revolutum, supra margineque fructiferum. Hymenium leve. Asei fixi. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 273 The smooth, orbicular, revolute head, with its tumid margin, characterizes this genus. The typical species has an extremely wide range. (Name probably from Aetos, smooth.) | 1. Leotia lubrica (Pers. Syn. p. 613). Has. On the ground, Archer. Gen. LXVI. MITRULA, Fr. Carnoso-mollis, capitatus. Zeceptaculum clavatum, inflatum, a stipite discretum. Asci fixi.—Fungi late colorati. Distinguished principally from Geoglossum by their brighter colours and different habit. (Name, a diminution of Mitra.) 1. Mitrula vinosa (Berk.) ; vinoso-purpurea, gracilis, lineari-clavata, sporidiis lineari-oblongis mi- nutis curvis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. About 2 inches high, of a vinous-purple. Stem filiform, smooth, swelling above into a cylindrical head. Spo- ridia linear-oblong, curved, 4455 inch long.—Closely allied to Mitrula Berterii, M., which is of a deep-brown tint, and has the sporidia scarcely curved. Gen. LXVII. GEOGLOSSUM, Pers. Carnosum. Receptaculum simplex, claveeforme, stipitatum. Hymenium clavam ambiens. Aset _elongati.—Fungi saturate colorati. The more typical species are very distinct from Mitrula ; others are almost confluent with that genus. The only Tasmanian species belongs to a European type, and is very widely diffused. (Name from yy, the earth, and yAwooa, a tongue.) 1. Geoglossum glabrum (Pers. Syn. p. 488). Has. On the ground, amongst Moss, and on Fern-stems, Archer. Gen. LXVIII. PEZIZA, Dill. Receptaculum carnosum vel subcarnosum, marginatum, cupuleforme, primo clausum, subtus sterile. Asci fixi. This large genus is amply represented in Tasmania, and under a great variety of forms, which belong, how- ever, to European types. (Name from Pezica, a term used by Pliny for stemless Fungi.) : 1. Peziza aurantia (Pers. Obs. ii. p. 76). Haz. On the ground, Guan. 2. Peziza cochleata (Huds.; Fr. Syst. vol. ii. p. 50). Haz. On the ground, J. D. H. Very irregular, so as to look sometimes like a Psilopezia. 3. Peziza recurva (Berk.); cupula subsessili undulata convexa recurva badia, sporidiis globosis granulatis. (TAB. CLXXXIII. Fig. 12.) Haz. On the ground, Archer. Cup nearly sessile, dark-bay, 3-3 inch across, borders recurved. Asci linear, obtuse. Sporidia globose, VOL, II. inclined to be turbinate, undulated and arched above, with the granulated, ez of an inch in diameter.—When moistened, 4 A 274 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. this Peziza is coriaceous, and looks like an Zndocarpon.—PLATE CLXXXIII, Fig. 12, plant, nat. size; a, asci, and b, sporidia, magnified. 4. Peziza fusispora (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. v, p. 5). Has. On the ground, Gunn. 5. Peziza Archeri (Berk.); sessilis, cinnabarina, primum concava, demum expansa, undulata, margine libero. Has. On dead leaves of some succulent plant, Archer. Bright-crimson. Cup 4 inch across, sessile, at first depressed, then expanded, undulated and umbilicate, paler below, slightly tomentose, 4sei cylindrical, Sporidia globose, ¿255 inch across, with a large nucleus.— The fruit is just like that of P. endocarpoides, B. The species is almost intermediate between the sections Humaria and Mollisia. The sporidia vary greatly in size in the same ascus. 6. Peziza carbonigena (Berk.); aurantiaca, gregaria, stipata, cupulis umbilicatis sessilibus flexuosis extus subtiliter granulosis. : Haz. On fragments of charcoal, Archer, Crowded, about a line broad, not confluent, orange, umbilicate, subturbinate, slightly granulated externally. Asci linear, paraphyses clavate. Sporidia elliptic, ¿235 of an inch long.—This is not confluent like P, omphalodes. It has somewhat the habit of P. glumarum, Desm., but is far smaller. 7. Peziza coccinea (Jacq. Aust. t. 169). Haz. On twigs, Archer. 8. Peziza Eucalypti (Berk.); pallide olivacea, cupula plana, margine pilis rigidis atro-purpureis ciliato, stipite cylindrico. (Tas, CLXXXIII. Fig. 13.) Haz. On leaves of Fucalyptus, Archer. Extremely minute, pale-olive. Cup turbinate, fringed with long, purple-brown hairs, supported by a cylin- drical, distinct. stem, which, like the cup, has a few scattered white flocci. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia oblong, subcymbiform, 5355 of an inch long. —A very curious and distinct species, which in some respects may be com- pared with P. misella, Desm., though very different—Piare CLXXXIII. Fig. 13, single plant, magnified ; a, ascus, and 4, sporidia, magnified. 9. Peziza stercorea (Pers. Obs. ii. p. 89). Has. On dung, Archer. 10. Peziza scutellata (L. Suec. p. 458). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 11. Peziza virginea (Batsch.; Fr. Syst. Myc. vol. ii. p. 90). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 12. Peziza lachnoderma (Berk.) ; cupula subhemispherica breviter stipitata extus nivea tomen- tosa intus miniata, sporidiis filiformibus curvatis. Haz. On dead bark, Archer. i: Cup 2 lines across, subhemispherical, supported by a very short stem, white and beautifully downy externally, within pale-scarlet. 4sei long, clavate above. Sporidia linear, subfusiform, curved, 7055 of an inch long.— This seems at first sight a large form of P. calycina, but the sporidia in that species are oblongo-elliptic, and only about half as long. I believe the sporidia in P. bicolor, to which the young plants bear much resemblance, are much shorter, but I have not seen them perfect, 13. Peziza hyalina (Pers, Syn. p. 655). Has. On dead wood, Archer. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 275 14. Peziza anomala (Pers. Syn. p. 656). Has. On dead bark, Archer. A form which approaches very near to Solenia. Where the cups are eaten off by insects, the appearance is exactly that of a Polyporus. 15. Peziza epitephra (Berk.); minuta, alba, hemispherica vel subglobosa, insigniter cava, floccis crispis fuscis intertextis oriunda. Haz. On the under side of fallen leaves, Archer. White, minute, hemispherical or subglobose, hollow, scattered on a uniform brown stratum consisting of even, curled, brown threads. 16. Peziza araneosa (Berk.) ; cupulis primum subglobosis demum ex hemispherico expansis ses- silibus extus araneosis, floccis subtus super matricem repentibus oriundis, hymenio luteo-aurantiaco, spo- ridiis curvulis multinucleatis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Minute, at first globose, then hemispherical, with the border inflected, then expanded, white and byssoid exter- nally, attached to the matrix by radiating byssoid flocci. Hymenium pale-orange. Asci clavate. — Sporidia linear, curved, containing six or more nuclei, ¿37 inch long. ; 17. Peziza firma (Pers. Syn. p. 658). Has. On dead wood, Archer. 18. Peziza byssigena (Berk.) ; ochracea, cupula concava, stipite elongato cylindrico subtiliter pruinoso e floccis intertextis radiantibus oriundo. Has. On a dead stick, Archer. Cup 2 a line broad, hyaline, ochraceous, regular, concave, subtremelloid, supported by a stout cylindrical stem about 1 line high, minutely pruinose, and springing from matted, radiating, pallid flocci. sci clavate. Sporidia subelliptic or oblong, saya inch long.—Allied to P. lutescens, Hedwig. 19. Peziza ceratina (Berk.); turbinata, stipitata, glabra, pallide fulvo-cornea, hymenio plano mar- ginato. Haz. On leaves of Eucalyptus, Archer. Minute, not half a line high, of a clear, tawny horn-colour, turbinate, stipitate, smooth. Hymenium flat, with a narrow border. Asci rather large. Sporidia oblongo-clavate, pointed, 14s inch long.— This species is allied to P. clavellata, Desm., and P. eyathoidea, but more especially to Helotium titubans, Mont., a Chilian species, from all which it is quite distinct. The hymenium is perfectly flat when moistened. 20. Peziza omnivirens (Berk.); «ruginosa, cupula breviter plano, sporidiis amplis. Haz. On dead wood: Leith Creek, August, Archer. Cup subturbinate, 2 lines across, dark verdigris-green. Hymenium plane. Asci lineari-clavate. Sporidia uni- serial, oblong, obtuse at either end, subeymbiform, dee inch long. —This bears the ‘same relation to P. versi- formis that P. eruginea, B., does to P. eruginosa. It is more regular, and a sporidia much larger. In P. ver- siformis the sporidia are 3355 of an inch long, and much narrower in proportion. 21. Peziza grata (Berk.); cupula plana hyalina marginata breviter stipitata subaurantiaca, stipite pallidiori cylindrico guandogue compresso. Has. On dead, exposed wood, Archer. Cup 3 line across, concave, hyaline, of a dull-orange. Stem stipitata subturbinata, hymenio paler, compressed. Sporidia fusiform, g^; of an 276 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. inch long. Endochrome often retracted to either extremity.—Allied to P. Colensoi, Berk., but brighter in colour and with smaller spores. The cup is more concave in dried specimens. The stem is sometimes compressed from grow- ing between the fibres of the wood. 22. Peziza citrina (Batsch. f. 218). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. Sporidia «ye inch long. 23. Peziza nigripes (Fr. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 132). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 24. Peziza paterseformis (Berk.) ; ochracea, cupula sessili sublobata concava subtus rugosiuscula subtiliter tomentosa, ascis linearibus, sporidiis oblongis utrinque attenuatis subcymbzeformibus. Has. On wood overrun with Moss, Archer. About 2 lines across, sessile, somewhat lobed, ochraceous, concave, beneath rather rugged, obscurely tomen- tose. Asci linear, elongated. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong, subeymbiform, attenuated at either extremity, sometimes subclavate, ¿35 inch long. —Somewhat resembling P. araneosa, Bull, but allied to P. eitrina. 25. Peziza cinerea (Batsch. f. 137). Has. On dead wood, J. D. H., Archer. Gen. LXIX. PATELLARIA, Fr. Receptaculum marginatum, patelleforme, semper apertum. Hymenium leve, persistens, sed ex apici- bus ascorum aere adustis pulverulentum. The plants belonging to this genus are morphologically Lichens, without crust. Owing to their persistent nature, the tips of the asci, as in Lecidea, etc., become carbonized. (Name from patella, a saucer.) l. Patellaria Tasmanica (Berk.) ; sessilis, cupulis e concavo planis, hymenio e rufo nigro, spori- diis oblongis curvulis. Has. On dead wood, Archer. Minute, at first subglobose, concave, then flat, with or without a border, externally black. Disc tinged with green and rufous, at length black. _Asci clavate. Sporidia 4 .5—, 4, inch long, curved, narrow, oblong. Endo- chrome retracted to either extremity.—The disc, when moist, swells, and is of a pale-watery dingy-rufous. Gen. LXX. ASCOBOLUS, Pers. Omnia Pezize exceptis ascis dissilientibus, A very curious genus, confined principally to the dung of various animals, though sometimes growing on wood. The sporidia are often beautiful objects under the microscope, from their amethyst tint. (Name from acxos, a vessel, and SoAXo, to cast.) . l. Ascobolus Archeri (Berk.); cupula undulata sessili vinoso-fusca, sporidiis amethysteis ele- ganter granulatis. Has. On charcoal, Archer. : Cups 1} lines across, orbicular, sessile, undulated, vinous-brown. Asci clavate. Sporidia at first elliptic, even, colourless, binucleate, 4-1. inch long, then more elongated, 12'sw—rsgg inch long, amethyst-coloured, ele- punn granulated.— Except the two forms of spores were seen in the same individual cup with intermediate states, it might easily be supposed that there were two species. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 277 Gen. LXXI. BULGARIA, Fr. Receptaculum elasticum, tremelloideum, turbinatum. Hymenium leve, persistens. Resembling Exidia, but distinguished at once by the presence of asci. The species are few in number, and two at least are widely diffused. (Name from dulga, a sac.) 1. Bulgaria sarcoides (Fr. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 168). Has. On dead branches, Archer. Gen. LXXII. CYTTARIA, Berk. Receptaculum commune, gelatinoso-cartilagineum ; cupu/is in globum connatis, demum apertis ; ascis amplis. This curious genus is parasitic on living trees of the different species of evergreen beech, and one forms a principal part of the food of the Fuegians. The Tasmanian species is doubtless equal in its nutritive qualities to the Fuegian. (Name from xvrrapos, a honeycomb.) 1. Cyttaria Gunnii (Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 576). Has. On living branches of Fagus Cunninghamii, Gunn, Archer. Gen. LXXIII. STICTIS, Pers. Receptaculum obsoletum. Hymenium leve, determinatum, matrici immersum, et ab ea marginatum primoque velatum. ; Lichenose Pezize, consisting almost entirely of hymenium. (Name from orros, dotted.) l. Stictis radiata (Pers. Obs. ii. p. 73). Haz. On dead wood, with Marasmius epimyces, and, like it, accompanying some Thelephora, J. D. H. Gen. LXXIV. MYLITTA, Fr. Peridium induratum, internam massam compactam siccam subcorneam heterogeneam venosam corti- cans. It is probable that the original species of Fries is merely one of those singular tubers which grow on the roots of Leguminous plants. Recent specimens of the Australian plant, which is used as an article of food, exhibit some- thing like asci, as represented in Corda's figure. There can be little doubt that the plantis autonomous. (Name from Mylitta, a heathen deity.) 1. Mylitta australis (Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 825 ; Corda, Ic. fasc. vi. t. 9. f. 95). Has. Subterraneous, Gunn. Gen. LXXV. CORDYCEPS, Fr. Stroma elevatum, carnosum, sepius stipitatum, letius coloratum. Perithecia peripherica, tenera. Sporidia longissima, endochromata plurima, plerumque dissilientia, Most of the species of this curious genus grow on insects, and one or two on Ergot. The insect species are usually inhabitants of warm climates. The Tasmanian parasite is closely allied to the well-known insect plant of New Zealand, but very distinct. (Name from kopdvAn, a club.) VOL. II. 4B 278 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Pungi, by M. J. Berkeley. 1. Cordyceps Gunnii (Berk.).—Spheria Gunnii, Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 577. Has. On the pupa of some Hepialus, Gunn. The New Zealand species grows on the larva (not the pupa) of an insect of the same genus. Ergot occurs on Grasses in Tasmania, but it is uncertain to what species of Cordyceps it owes its origin. Gen. LXXVI. HYPOCREA, Fr. Stroma horizontale, carnosum vel subgelatinosum, interdum obsoletum, ut plurimum laetius coloratum. Perithecia tenera. Sporidia plerumque indefinita. Hypocrea is to Cordyceps what Hypoxylon is to Xylaria, containing those species whose stroma is horizontal, and not essentially vertical. "Their bright colour at once distinguishes them, or, where that fails, the fleshy sub- stance. (Name from io, beneath, and peas, flesh.) f l. Hypocrea semiorbis (Berk.).—Sphæria semiorbis, Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 146. Has. On dead wood, Gunn. 2. Hypocrea rufa (Fr. Summ. p. 383). Has. On dead wood, Archer, 5 9. Hypocrea citrina (Fr. Summ. p. 386). Haz. On dead wood, J. D. H., Archer. 4. Hypocrea tomentosa (Fr. MSS.). Has. On the hymenium of Polypori, Archer. Forming a white, delicate, tomentose stratum, without any very distinct stroma. Gen. LXXVII. NECTRIA, Fr. Peritheeia libera vel mycelio 1. stromati insidentia, tenera, leete colorata, verticalia. Sporidia ut plu- rimum octona, translucida. - Differing from the two foregoing genera in the free perithecia. (Name from vyxrpis, a swimmer ; in allusion to the fluxile contents of the perithecia.) l. Nectria agaricicola (Berk.); cinnabarina, peritheciis ovatis acutis lævibus, ascis cirrhiformibus longissimis, sporidiis filiformibus. (Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 14.) Has. On dead Agarics, Archer. Gregarious on the stems, gills, etc., of Agarics. Perithecia ovate, acute, scarlet; walls vesiculo-fibrous. Asci extremely long. Sporidia very slender, filiform.—A splendid and highly curious species. —Prare CLXXXIII. Fig. 14; a, group of perithecia; 5, asci; c, part of ascus and sporidia :—magnifed. 2. Nectaria tephrothele (Berk.) ; peritheciis sparsis coccineis ovatis, ostiolo papilleeformi obscuro, sporidiis subfusiformibus guadri-nucleatis. Haz. Parasitic on some species of Hypoaylon, Archer. Bright-scarlet, studding the surface of the brown Hypozylon. Perithecia scarlet, ovate; ostiolum papilleeform, cinereous. Asci thicker in the middle. Sporidia biseriate, 75155 inch long, at length containing four endochromes —Resembling N. epispheria, but differing in several particulars. 3. Nectria coccinea (Fr. Summ. p- 388). Has. On fallen branches, Archer. Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 279 The sporidia vary slightly in the two forms referred to this species.. In the one they are subeymbiform, as in the European form, and 4455 inch in length; in the other oblong, with the endochrome retracted to either end, and 3257 inch long. I can see no external difference, j l 4. Nectria fusarioides (Berk.); pallide coccinea, peritheciis ovatis papillatis pruinosis in stro- mate semi-immersis, sporidiis oblongis curvulis. ; Has. On dead bark, Archer. Pale-scarlet. Stroma bursting out in linear patches. Perithecia half-immersed, ovate, papillate, pruinose. Sporidia len see inch long, oblong, slightly curved. 5. Nectria Tasmanica (Berk.); cespitosa, rubra, stromate pallido, peritheciis ovatis, ostiolo papil- leeformi seepe e disco orbiculari oriundo, sporidiis cymbeeformibus bi-guadrinucleatis. Has. On dead bark, Archer. Scattered on a subhemispherical pale stroma, blood-red, but not bright. Perithecia rather large, ovate, either ending gradually in a papilleeform orifice, or slightly truncate, with a central ostiolum. 4sei linear. Sporidia uni- seriate, subeymbiform, with from two to four nuclei or endochromes, des inch long.—In external appearance resembling Montagne's N. discophora, but with very different sporidia. Gen. LXXVIII. XYLARIA, Fr. Stroma clavatum, subsuberosum, demum ut plurimum friabile, nigrum. Stipes sepe distinctus. Perithecia peripherica. Sporidia octona, : A large genus, containing many tropical forms, and some which are universally distributed, known by their dark colour and clavate or branched stroma. (Name from £vAov, wood.) 1. Xylaria Hypoxylon (Fr. Summ. p. 381). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 2. Xylaria corniformis (Fr. Summ. p. 981). Haz. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, etc., apparently very common. Gen. LXXIX. PORONIA, Fr. Stroma sessile 1. pedunculatum, nigrum, sursum orbiculare, concavum, albo-velatum. Perithecia verticalia. Distinguished by the cup-shaped body, in which the vertical a pore.) : 1. Poronia punctata (Fr. Summ. p. 382). Haz. On dung, Archer. The form figured by Sowerby. perithecia are immersed. (Name from opos, Gen. LXXX. HYPOXYLON, Bull. Stroma liberum, friabile, horizontale, nigrum. Perithecia peripherica, nigra. Asci perfecti. Spo- ridia octona. Distinguished from Xylaria by the horizontal stroma. stroma almost obsolete. (Name from bro, and £uXor, wood.) 1, Hypoxylon concentricum (Fr. Summ. p. 384). | In a few species the perithecia are vertical, and the 280 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley. Has. On dead wood, Gunn, Archer, ete. 2. Hypoxylon coccineum (Bull. p. 174).—Spheria fragiformis, Pers. Syn. p. 9. Has. On dead branches, Gunn, Archer. 3. Hypoxylon argillaceum (Fr. Summ. p. 384). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. 4. Hypoxylon annulatum (Mont. Fl. Chil. vii. p. 445. t. 10. f. 3). Has. On dead bark, Archer. . 9. Hypoxylon multiforme (Fr. Summ. p. 384). Haz. On dead wood and bark, Archer. All the specimens belong to the effased form called by Fries ß granulosum. 6. Hypoxylon Archeri (Berk.) ; aterrimum, peritheciis subglobosis truncatis rugosiusculis umbi- licatis, ostiolo papilleeformi, sporidiis brevibus. Has. On dead wood, Archer, Densely crowded and confluent, black, rather minute, opaque or shining. Perithecia nearly globular, minutely rugulose, truncate, furnished above with a little shallow umbilicus, in the centre of which is the papilleeform ostio- lum. Sporidia short, cymbiform, 5,5 inch long.—Allied to H. marginatum. 7. Hypoxylon nummularium (Bull. t, 468. f, 4). Has. On fallen branches, Archer. Gen. LXXXI. DIATRYPE, Pr. Stroma innatum, nigrum; peritheciis verticalibus. Distinguished from Hypozylon by its innate, not freestroma. (Name from da, through, and rpve, to perforate.) 1. Diatrype lata (Fries, Summ. p. 385). Has. On decorticated wood, Archer. 2. Diatrype elevata (Berk.).—Spheeria elevata, Berk. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 298. Haz. On decorticated wood, Gunn. Gen. LXXXII. SPHARIA, Hall. Stroma nullum vel spurium, mycelioideum. Perithecia varia, firma, verticalia, nigra vel fuliginea, sepe corticata, Ostiolum breve. Asci perfecti. Sporidia ut plurimum octona, A very large genus, consisting of those species which have no stroma, and whose perithecia have a short ostiolum. They are found in all parts of the world, but more especially in temperate regions. (Name from copa, a sphere.) l. Sphaeria botryosa (Fr. Syst. Mye. ii. p. 342). Has. On dead wood, Archer, 2. Sphzeria Saubinetii (Mont. et Dur. Fl. Alg. p. 479). Haz. On twigs, Archer. 8. Spheeria (Cæspitosæ) Archeri (Berk.) ; conferta, peritheciis rugosis tandem collabendo pate- ræformibus, sporidiis elongatis curvis quadrinucleatis, Fungi, by M. J. Berkeley.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 281 Has. On dead wood, Archer. : Densely crowded. Perithecia astomous, rugulose, at length by collapsing saucer-ghaped. sci clavate. Spo- ridia biseriate, elongated, curved, quadrinucleate, „4 inch long.—This species at first sight looks very like S. phao- stroma, but there are no hairs, and the sporidia are different. 4. Spheeria byssiseda (Tode, Meck. f. 69). Has. On dead wood, Archer. It has rather longer spores („14-755 inch) than British specimens, and thus approaches S. Desmazierii, Berk. et Br. Gen. LXXXIIL CERATOSTOMA, Fr. Stroma nullum l. myceliiforme. Perithecia membranacea, nuda, verticalia. Ostiolum insigniter elon- gatum, apice penicillatum. This genus comprises those simple Spheria which have extremely long ostiola ciliated at the tips, and of a soft membranaceous substance. The sporidia moreover are expelled from the ostiola, and often remain attached. (Name from kepas, a horn, and eropa, a mouth.) l. Ceratostoma caprinum (Fr. Summ. p. 996). Has. On dead wood, Archer. It has the same white, flagelliform orifice when perfect as S. vervecina, Desm., but it has no subiculum, and the sporidia do not exceed 357 inch in length, though they are freguently shorter. Gen. LXXXIV. GLONIUM, MM. Perithecium liberum, compositum e ramis radiatim excurrentibus teretiusculis prostratis, rima longitu- dinali dehiscens. Sudieulum byssinum. This curious genus is distinguished from Hysterium by its free, very compound perithecia. It is a very unex- pected inhabitant oí Tasmania, being hitherto confined to the United States and the north of Europe. (Name from xAwvıov, in allusion to the linear orifice of the perithecia.) 1. Glonium stellatum (Mühl. Cat. Am. p. 101). Haz. On dead wood, Archer. Gen. LXXXV. HYSTERIUM, Fr. Perithecium simplex 1. subramosum, ellipticum vel elongatum, innatum 1. emergens, rima longitudinali dehiscens. Approaching very near to the Opegraphoid Lichens, but distinguished by the total absence of crust. ` Essen- tially plants of temperate regions. (Name from $crepov, in allusion to the mode of dehiscence.) l. Hysterium tardum (Berk.) ; peritheciis ellipticis obtusis tarde apertis, ascis brevibus, sporidiis uniseptatis. - Haz. On the under side of the leaves of Cyathodes straminea, J. D. H. . On the under side of the leaves. Perithecia flat, elliptie, very obtuse, opening principally in the centre. Asci short, thick. Sporidia subclavate, uniseptate, 4955 1259 inch long, with a hyaline border. This species is almost intermediate between Hysterium and Phacidium. A few specimens only show any trace of an aperture. 4c VOL. II. 282 | FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. Gen. LXXXVI. MUCOR, Mich. Flocci tubulosi, fertiles erecti, terminati sporangio membranaceo dehiscente (raro diffluente) includente sporidia discreta. The species of this genus are developed upon all sorts of decaying substances. The vesicular heads, which do not collapse, as in Ascophora, distinguish the genus. Little is known of exotic forms. (Name from the Latin mucor ; a generic name for Mould.) l. Mucor cervinoleucus (Berk.); flocci simplices, deorsum candidi, sursum ochracei, sporis sub- cymbeformibus, | Has. On the dung of some small animal, Archer. Remarkable for its ochroleucous aspect. The spores are elliptic, with one side nearly straight, and are about sess inch long. Sporangia tawny, globose. Gen. LXXXVII. ENDOGONE, 24. Floeei fertiles, sporangiis terminati, in massam subglobosam compacti. Sporidia ignota. The fructification of these curious truffle-like Moulds is not satisfactorily known. The vesicles are just like those of Mucor, but have not been observed to contain sporidia, (Name from evdov, within, and 'ywyvopau, to be produced.) 1. Endogone australis (Berk.): hemispherica, alba, sporangiis magnis centralibus aggregatis. Has. On the ground, Archer, Hemispherical, about 2 lines across, white. Sporangia confined to the centre, 41, of an inch or more across, greenish, collected in little groups. —The pale colour, more branched threads, and central sporangia, distinguish this interesting species, of which there is only a single specimen in the collection.—PrAT& CLXXXIII. Fig. 15, a, plant, nat. size; b, section of ditto; c, external threads ; d, sporangia :—maguified. Nar. Og». VIII. ALGA. By W. H. Harvey, M.D., F.R.S. Series I. MELANOSPERMEA. Trise I. FUCACER. Gen. I. SARGASSUM, Ag. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg.i p. 268. Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 211.) um Raoulii (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 523; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. l. Sargass p- 288; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 616; Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 212).—S. capillaceum, H. f. et H. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 414, Has. Port Arthur, Zyall, J. D. H, Distris. New Zealand. 2. Sargassum biforme (Sond. in Bot. Zeit, 1845, p. 51; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 301). Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. Distrig. Western and southern shores of Australia, 3. Sargassum paradoxum (R. Br. in Turn. Hist. Fuc, t. 156 ; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 802). , W. H. H. Georgetown, Gunn, W. H. H. Southport, C. Stuart. Alga, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 283 Haz. Georgetown, R. Gunn. DisrRiB. Southern shores of Australia. Gen. II. SEIROCOCCUS, Grev. (Grev. Alg. Brit. Syn. p. 34; Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 33; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 260.) l. Seirococcus axillaris (Grev.; J. Ag. l. c. p. 260).—Fucus axillaris, Zurn. Hist. f. 146. Has. Georgetown, Gunn, W. H. H., etc. DisrRrB. South coast of Australia: not found west of Cape Northumberland ? Gen. III. SCYTOTHALIA, Grev. (Grev. Syn. p. 34; Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 33; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 257.) 1. Scytothalia dorycarpa (Grev.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 258).—Fucus dorycarpus, Turn. Hist. t. 143. Haz. “ Van Diemen's Land,” R. Brown, fide J. Ag. We have not seen any Tasmanian specimens, and suspect a mistake in the habitat. This plant is very abun- dant in Western Australia, but is not found, to our knowledge, to the east of Cape Northumberland. Gen. IY. PHYLLOSPORA, 4g. (Ag. Revis. Macrocyst. p. 311; Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 32; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 252.) 1. Phyllospora comosa (Ag. l.c. t. 28. f. 11; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 253).—Fucus comosus, Turn. Hist. t. 142; Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 258. Has. Common on the seacoast. DisrRrB. South coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Gen. V. SCABERIA, Grev. (Grev. Syn. p. 36; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 251.—Castraltia, Ach. Rich. Fl. N. Zeal. xi. p. 143; Dne. Arch. Mus. xi. p. 175. t. 5. f. 23, 24; Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 30.) A. Rich. N. l. Scaberia Agardhii (Grev.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. l.c. p. 252).— Castraltia salicornoides, Zeal. xi. p. 143. Has. Georgetown, etc., R. Gunn. Disrrrs, Western and southern shores of Australia. New Zealand. By an oversight, this plant is omitted in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. Gen. VI. CYSTOPHORA, J. 4g. Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 914.— Blossevillea, Dne. in Arch. Mus. xi. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 414.) Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 214).— Blossevillea (J. Ag. Symb. p. 3; Sp. Alg. i. p. 238; (not of Labill.). p. 147; Hook. E Cystophora monilifera (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p- 241; retroflexa, Dne. ; Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 414. Fucus retroflexus, Turn. Hist. t. 155 Has. Georgetown, etc., R. Gunn. Disrris. Western and southern coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. 260; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 242).— 2. Cystophora retroflexa (Labill. Nov. Holl. p. 119. t. 284 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Blossevillea retroflexa, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 629. B. caudata, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 414. Fucus retroflexus, Labill. t. 260. Has. Georgetown, etc. DrsrarB. Western and southern coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. 3. Cystophora torulosa (R. Br.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 243; Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 214).— Blossevillea torulosa, Dne.; Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. iv. p. 527. Fucus torulosus, Turn. Hist. f. 157. | Has. Rocks on the coast, common. Distrıs. Western and southern shores of New Holland. New Zealand. 4. Cystophora xiphocarpa (Harv.); caule plano decomposite pinnato, pinnis distantibus a latere plano caulis egredientibus retrofractis inferioribus bipinnatis superioribus simpliciusculis, pinnulis basi nudis alterne aculeatis apice pinnatis, pinnulis ultimis gladiiformibus v. lanceolatis planis basi et apice acutis demum in receptacula applanata abeuntibus, vesiculis . . .—/Harv. Aly. Austr. Ewsice. n. 9. (Tas. CLXXXV.) Has. Brown's River, R. Gunn. Port Arthur, in tidal rock-pools, W. H. H. Stem 1—2 feet long, in smaller specimens compressed, in larger quite flat, flexuous, rather distantly pinnately branched, the lower branches decompound, the upper gradually simpler. Branches issuing from the flat side of the stem, retroflexed at their insertion, distichous, alternate, bipinnate or pinnate. Pinne (and pinnules of the larger branches) distant, naked in the lower half, zigzag, and armed with the spine-like bases of old ramuli; pinnulate in the upper half. Ultimate pinnules or leaf-like ramuli quite flat, lanceolate or sword-shaped, 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, coriaceous, acute. Receptacles flattened ; no ripe ones seen. Vesicles unknown. All our specimens grew in shallow water, and therefore probably represent a dwarf form of the species, which appears to be strikingly unlike any other described. The ultimate pinnules and receptacles are as broad as those of Cystophora platylobium, and usually longer; and our present plant differs essentially from that species in having refracted branches issuing from the flat side of the stem.—PrATE CLXXXV. Fig. 1, the root and base of stem; 2, portion of the upper region of the stem and branches : both figures the natural size. 5. Cystophora platylobium (Mert.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 245).—C. Lyallii, Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 214. t. eem, Haz. Georgetown. Port Arthur, etc. Disrris. Southern coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. 6. Cystophora spartioides (Turn.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i.p. 244).—Fucus spartioides, Turn. Hist. 32. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. Derwent, Oldfield. Distris. South shores of New Holland. T. Cystophora cephalornithos (Labill.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 246).—Fucus cephalornithos, Labill. Pl. N. Holl. t. 261. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. Distrig. South coasts of New Holland. : 8. Cystophora uvifera (Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 246) -—Blossevillea uvifera, Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 414, Has. Georgetown, Gunn, W. H. H., ete. Disrürs. South shores of New Holland. - 285 FLORA OF TASMANIA. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.] 9. Cystophora paniculata (Turn.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 248).—Fucus paniculatus, Turn. Hist. t. 176. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunz, ete. DrsrnrB. South shores of New Holland. 10. Cystophora decipiens (R. Br.; J. Ag. Sp. Ale, i. p. 249).—Fucus decipiens, Turn. Hist. £. 166 Haz. Van Diemen's Land, R. Brown. We have not seen this plant. Gen. VII. CYSTOPHYLLUM, J. 4g. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 228.—Cystoseira et Sargassi Sp., Auct.) 1. Cystophyllum muricatum (Turn.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 291) .—Fucus muricatus, Turn. Hist. t. 112. Has. Georgetown.. Disrris. West, south, and eastern shores of Australia. Persian Gulf. Coasts of Indian peninsula, Wight. Sincapore, W. Griffith. Gen. VIII. XIPHOPHORA, Mont. (Mont. Voy. Póle Sud, p. 55. Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 215.—Fucodii sp., J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 202.) ont. Pôl. Sud, t. 7. f. 1; Hook. fil. et Harv., Fl. Ant. p. 176. Alg. i. p. 202; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 53. Fucus 1. Xiphophora Billardieri (M t. 69. f. 3: spores).—Fucodium gladiatus, J. Ay. Sp. gladiatus, Zabill. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 256; Turn. Hist. t. 240. Haz. Port Arthur, abundant, Dr. Jeannerett, Lyall, W. H. H., ete. Disrrrs. Auckland Islands and New Zealand. ‘ Western Australia,” Mus. Paris. Western Port, (Mont.).—Fucodium chondrophyllus, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 203. Victoria, W. H. H. 2, Xiphophora chondrophylla Fucus chondrophyllus, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 222. Has. Georgetown, Gunn, W. H. H. Disrrrs. South coast of New Holland. New Zealand. Gen. IX. HORMOSIRA, Endi. (Endl. Gen. Pl. 3rd Suppl. p. 29; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 197; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 586.—Moniliformia, Lamour. £ Dict. Class. vii. p. 71; Grev. Syn. p. xxxvi. Monilia, A. Rich.) 1. Hormosira Banksii (Turn.; J. Ag. Syst. Alg. i. p. 198).—Fucus Banksii, Turn. Hist. t. 1. H. Sieberi, Bory, Cog. p. 134; J. Ag. l.c. p. 199 ; Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 215. H. Labillardieri, Bory, Cog. p. 133; J. Ag. lc. p. 199; Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 215. Fucus moniliformis, Zabill. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 262. Haz. All round the coast. Dısrrıs. South and eastern coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Having had ample experience of the variations of this species, which we have observed in situ, in many places from King George's Sound to Western Port, at Sydney, and in New Zealand, as well as on the shores of Tasmania, we feel confident that the three forms here brought together, to which may be added H. gracilis 4 D VOL. II. 286 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4ige, by W. H. Harvey. and H, obconica of Kützing, cannot be kept specifically distinct. The characters attributed to them by authors depend partly on age, but chiefly on differences in depth of water, and exposure. H. Sieberi commonly grows in tidal rock-pools, and Z7. Banksii and Labillardieri on stones about low water-mark, the latter occurring in deeper water than the former. ; Gen. X. CARPOGLOSSUM, Kitz. (Kütz. Phycol. p. 352; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 192.—Platythalia, Sonder in Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 51.) 1. Carpoglossum confluens (R. Br.; Kütz. Phyc. p. 353; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 195).—Fucus confluens, Tura. Hist. t. 141; Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 413. Has. Port Arthur, Lyall, W. H. H. Common. DisrarB. South coast of New Holland. Port Phillip and Western Port, W. H. H. Gen. XI. MYRIODESMA, Dne. (Dne. Arch. Mus. ii. p. 148; Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 29; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 191.) 1. Myriodesma integrifolium (Harv.) ; caule basi terete sursum plus minus alato, costa evanes- cente, phyllodiis distichis decomposite pinnatifidis, laciniis enervibus linearibus obtusis margine integerrimis _ v. apicem versus minute denticulatis, scaphidiis numerosissimis sparsis. — Harv. Alg. Exsice. n. 48. (Tas. CLXXXVI.) Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. Disrris. Geelong and Western Port, Victoria. Frond 1-2 feet long. Stem cylindrical, cartilagineo-coriaceous, branched near the base, its principal divisions becoming more and more compressed upwards, then winged, then passing into a lamina traversed by a slender midrib which gradually disappears toward the summit. These main divisions are distichously branched, and their branches repeatedly pinnatifid, with rounded axils, and are destitute of midrib except toward the base of the prin- cipal rachides. The laciniee are 1-2 lines broad, linear, membranaceous, quite entire at the margin, or remotely denticulate, especially toward the apices. Scaphidia very numerous, densely scattered over the whole frond. Colour olivaceous or foxy.—PraTE CLXXXVI. Fig. 1, the frond, natural size; 2, apex of a fertile lacinia ; 3, section through the same and through spore-cavities ; 4, a spore :—the latter figures magnified. Gen. XII. SARCOPHYCUS, Kütz. (Kütz. Phyc. p. 392; Sp. Alg. p. 587; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 189.) l. Sarcophycus potatorum (Labill.; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 587; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 190).—Fucus potatorum, Labill. Nov. Holl. p. 119. t. 257; Turn. Hist. t. 243. Has. Western and northern coasts. Distris. South coasts of New Holland. Gen. XIII. SPLACHNIDIUM, Grev. (Grey. Syn. p. 36; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p- 186; Kütz, Sp. Alg. p. 585.) ; 1. Splachnidium rugosum (Grev.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 186; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 585).—Fucus rugosus, Linn. Mant. p. 311; Turn. Hist. t. 185; Harv. Phye. Austr. t. 14. Has. Tidal rocks, near low water-mark. Georgetown, Gunn, W. H. H., ete. Disrris. South and east coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Cape of Good Hope. Alga, by W. H. Harvey.| FLORA OF TASMANIA. 287 Gen. XIV. NOTHEIA, Bail. et Harv. (Bail. et Harv. in Wilkes's Amer. Expl. Ex. ; Harv. in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 215.) 1. Notheia anomala (Bail. et Harv. l.c. ; Harv. in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 216. t. 109 4). Has. Parasitic on Hormosira Banksii, very common. DIsTRIB. South and east coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Tribe II. SPOROCHNACEZ. Gen. XV. SPOROCHNUS, 4g. (Kütz. Phyc. p. 342; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 173.—Sporochni sp., Auct.) 1. Sporochnus comosus (Ag. Syst. p. 259; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 174; Kütz. Sp. p. 569). Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H., etc. DrsrarB. Coasts of New Holland. To this place we refer a species common at Georgetown, but which varies much in the relative lengths of the pedicel and receptacle. In the normal state, described by Agardh, the pedicel is four times shorter than the receptacle, and so we find it in some specimens. In others, and even on different branches of the same frond, we find pedicels half as long, as long as, or longer than their receptacle. Either, therefore, we must refer all to one head, or establish four or five new names on the specimens before us. This latter could be easily done had we but a few examples to decide from; but after examining some hundreds collected at King George's Sound and Georgetown, we are forced to unite all under one head. When this plant grows in shallow water, it is frequently bushy, the branches much divided ; but when, as at Georgetown, it inhabits the deeper parts of the Tamar, in a rapid tideway, the primary branches are nearly simple, and lengthened to two feet or more. Some of our specimens answer to the description given of Sp. Gertneri, a species of which we have seen no specimen. 2. Sporochnus Herculeus (J. Ag.) ; “ fronde cylindracea ramis simpliciuseulis virgata, recepta- culis longissimis cylindraceis subclavatisgue in pedicellum ipsis breviorem longe attenuatis.” J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 119. Haz. Georgetown, Gunn, fide J. Agardh. This species, which is very imperfectly known to us, is founded by Professor J. Agardh on a specimen which we formerly inadvertently sent him for S. radiciformis, but nothing similar to which have we been able to find either in Mr. Gunn’s extensive collection or in our own. Professor Agardh has obligingly returned a fragment to Dr. Harvey. This agrees with the diagnosis given, and certainly differs from any of the innumerable speci- mens of S. comosus which have come before us. The species must remain, therefore, for future elucidation. 3. Sporochnus radiciformis (R. Br.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 175; Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 415; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p- 568). ; Has. Georgetown, Gunn, W. H. H., ete. Disrris. South and west coasts of New Holland. 4. Sporochnus apodus (Harv.) ; fronde setacea longissima decomposite ramosa, ramis filiformibus simpliciusculis receptaculis cylindraceis apice subacutis sessilibus horizontaliter patentibus. Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. Of this remgrkable plant we have, as yet, seen but a solitary specimen, but this is so strongly characterized that we must, for the present, hold it to be a species. It consists of part of a stem, 8-10 inches long, closely set 288 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. with branches 10-12-14 inches in length; stem and branches not thicker than hog's-bristle. Throughout the entire length of the branches innumerable receptacles stand out, like spines, at right-angles with the branch. They are perfectly sessile, about 1-2 lines in length, cylindrical, but tapering slightly to the subacute apex, so as sometimes to be nearly subulate. In the varieties of S. comosus the tapering is in the opposite direction—to the dase. Gen. XVI. BELLOTIA, Harv. (Harv. in Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1855, p. 332.) Frons filiformis, solida, umbellatim ramosa, apicibus ramorum fasciculato-comosis. Receptaculum in quoque ramo unicum, cylindraceum, mediam partem rami circumvestiens, e paranematibus simplicibus verticalibus dense stipatis constitutum. Spore ad paranemata lateraliter dispositee, oblongee, transversim striate. 1. Bellotia Eriophorum (Harv. An. Nat. Hist. (1855), xv. p. 332). (Tas. CLXXXVIL) Haz. Georgetown, rare, Henty, Gunn. Derwent (a fragment), Oldfield. DisrarB. Port Phillip and Western Port, Victoria, W. H. H. Root clothed with velvety fibres. Stems many from the same base, 1-2 feet long, twice as thick as hog’s- bristle, terete, rigid, somewhat horny, twice or thrice umbellately compounded. Umbels of ten to twenty or thirty rays or more, from 3-4 or 5 inches apart; the bases of all the rays tomentose, the rest bare and quite smooth. pices of all the branches crowned with a very dense spherical tuft of brown filaments, from 4-2 of an inch in diameter. ` Receptacle cylindrical, developed round each branch in its middle or upper portion, and formed of very densely-packed, simple filaments (paranemata), vertically issuing from all sides of the branch, and whorled round it. This receptacle begins to be formed on the upper half of all the young branches above the middle, and: extends, at first, nearly to the commencement of the apical tuft; but as the growth continues, the barren portion of the branch above the receptacle considerably elongates, and the receptacle, in a full-grown branch, is removed to nearly the middle region, where it forms a sausage-shaped swelling nearly two inches in length and thrice the diameter of the barren part of the branches. The paranemata are quite simple, articulated, cylindrical, their cells three or four times as long as broad, filled with pale-olive endochrome. Spores linear-oblong, sessile on both sides of the paranemata, alternate or secund. Substance of the stem and branches rigid; of the apical tufts soft, and when young somewhat gelatinous. A cross-cutting of the stem shows a firmly-cellular substance composed of minute polygonal cells, set in lines radiating from a central point. The fertile portion of the branches varies considerably in length in different specimens. In some the receptacle is developed only in a minute degree, in others it extends nearly the full length of the branch. The generic name is bestowed in honour of Lieut. Bellot, of the French Navy, who was lost in one of the Searching Expeditions for Sir J. Franklin. It differs remarkably in ramification and habit from others of this order.—PraTE CLXXXVII. Fig. 1, the plant, the natural size ; 2, cross section through a receptacle; 3, spore-threads from the same :—both figures magnified. Gen. XVII. CARPOMITRA, Kitz. (Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 343 ; Sp. Alg. p. 569; J. Ag. Sp. Ale, i. p. 177.) 1. Carpomitra Cabrerz (Kütz. Phyc. p. 343; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 14; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 177). —Fucus Cabrere, Clem. ; Turn. Hist. Fuc: £. 140. Haz. Port Arthur, W. H. H, Disrgrs. South and east coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Coasts of Spain.. South of Eng- land and Ireland. : Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 289 2. Carpomitra inermis (Kütz. Phyc. p. 343; Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 415; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 178).—Fucus inermis, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 186. Has. Sent by Mr. Gunn. DisrRIB. South coast of New Holland. 9. Carpomitra siliguosa (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 178). Han. Tasmania, Baume in Mus. Par, (Unknown to us.) Gen. XVIII. NEREIA, Zanard. (Dub. et Solier. Mem. Cour. p. 57. t. 16. Sporochni sp., J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 175.) l. Nereia australis (Harv.); fronde elata filiformi cartilaginea solida decomposite ramosissima, ramis ramulisque alternis sparsisve quoquoversum egredientibus junioribus apice comosis, ramis minoribus suberectis basi angustatis acutis, ramulis setaceis, axillis omnibus acutis, verrucis (receptaculis) elevato- conicis apice comosis demum nudis ex filis ramosis sporas oblongas gerentibus constitutis.—Stilophora ? australis, Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 453; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 86; Harv. Alg. Exsic. Aust. n. 66. (Tas. CLXXXVILL) Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H. DisrarB. Port Phillip, Victoria. Frond 1-2 feet long, excessively branched and bushy. Stem undivided, 14 line in diameter below, attenuated to the thickness of a bristle above, cartilaginous, solid, with a densely cellular axis, set throughout with lateral branches, which issue irregularly, and are directed towards all sides. Each branch is a repetition of the stem on a smaller scale, and is again and again decompound. All the tips are acute, and crowned when young with a tuft of confervoid fibres. The smaller branches taper to the base, and are more or less furnished with minute setaceous ramuli, each crowned with filaments. The wartlike receptacles are densely scattered over the whole frond, and when young bears a tuft of filaments, as in Sporochnus.—Puiate CLXXXVIII. Fig. 1, a frond, nat. size ; 2, frustule of a branch, with two setaceous ramuli; 3, longitudinal semisection of a branch; 4, a wartlike receptacle; 5, spore- threads and spores from the same :—the latter figures variously magnified. Teres II. LAMINARIACER. Gen. XIX. MACROCYSTIS, 49. (Ag. in Act. Leop. xix. 1. p. 281. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 153. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 582.) 1. Macrocystis pyrifera (Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Antarct. i. p. 177, ii. p. 461; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 217).—Macrocystidis omnes sp., J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. pp. 155-158 (excl. M. obtusa) ; Kütz. Sp. Alg. pp. 582-584. Fucus pyriferus, Turn. t. 110. Has. All round the coast. : Disrr1b. South coast of New Holland, New Zealand, west coast of North and South America, and specially in the great Southern Ocean. Gen. XX. ECKLONIA, Hornem. (Hornem. in Dansk. Vid. Skrift. iii. p. 370. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 144. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 586. Capea, Mont. Ann. Se. Nat. 1840.) 1. Ecklonia radiata (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 146).—Capea radiata, Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 27; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 578. Fucus radiatus, Turn. Hist. t. 194. Ecklonia exasperata, J. Ag. l.c. Capea birunci- nata, Mont. Canar. p. 140. t. T. VOL. II. idi 290 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alye, by W. H. Harvey. Has. Sea-shores. Disrris. Shores of New Holland, New Zealand, Chili, Cape of Good Hope, and Canary Islands. The less or greater length of rachis, and the absence or presence of spines on the surface of the frond, charac- ters which distinguish the E radiata and E exasperata of Agardh from each other, are certainly variable, and we think we have satisfactorily traced one form into the other. Noris E Richardiana a more satisfactory species. Gen. XXI. CHORDA, Stackh. (Lamour. Ess. p. 26. Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 72. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 46. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 107, 285. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 548. Scytosiphon, Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 25. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 125.) 1. Chorda lomentaria (Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 74. t. 18; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 285).—Scytosiphon lomentarium, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 126. Haz. Georgetown, Gunn, ete. Southport, C. Stuart. DisrRis. Native of the Atlantic and Pacific, in the northern and southern temperate zones, and of the Antarctic Sea. Gen. XXII. ADENOCYSTIS, Hook. fil. et Harv. (Fl. Antarct. i. p. 179. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i.p. 124. Chorde sp., Kütz.) l. Adenocystis Lessonii (Hook. fil. e& Harv. Fl. Antarct. i. p. 179; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 124). —Asperococcus Lessonii, Bory, Cog. t. 11. f. 9. Chorda pas Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 549. Has. Tide-pools at Port Arthur, W. H. H. DistrIB. Antarctic shores, New Zealand. TarsE IV. DICTYOTACEA. Gen. XXIII. HALYSERIS, Zargion. (Targion. MS. Ag. Sp. i.p. 141. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 63. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 24. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 19. Kütz. Phyc. p. 340. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 114. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 561.) l. Halyseris Muelleri (Sond.); stipite elongato ramoso, fronde dichotoma v. suppressione ramo- rum alterne ramosa, sinubus obtusiusculis, segmentis erectis latis linearibus integerrimis swpe alterne divisis, lamina crassiuscula enervi, antheridiis sparsis.—Harv. Alg. W. Austr. in Trans. R. I. A. xxii. p.995. H. polypodioides, Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot, vi. p. 415. Haz. Georgetown, ete., common. Disrris. Abundant along the western and southern coasts of Australia. Gen. XXIV. ZONARIA, J. 49. (J. Ag. Linnea, xv. p. 444. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 25. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p.106. Stypopodii sp., et Phycopteris, Kütz. Sp. Alg. 563, 564.) l. Zonaria interrupta (Ag.; J. Sy hec Alg. i. p. 111).—Phycopteris interrupta, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 564. Fucus interruptus, Zurn. Hist. t. 2 Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, etc. Gen. XXV. DICTYOTA, Zamour. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 86. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 558. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 103.) l. Dictyota fastigiata (Sond. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 50; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 100). Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 291 Has. Flinders’ Island, Milligan. DisrRrB. West and south coasts of Australia. 2. Dictyota paniculata (J. Ag. Symb. p. 5; Sp. Alg. i. p. 91; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 558). Has. Georgetown, etc. Disrris. Coasts of Australia. 3. Dictyota dichotoma (Lamour.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 92; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 554 (also D. vul- garis, Kütz.) ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 103).—Ulva dichotoma, Eng. Bot. t. 774. Has. Georgetown, etc. DisrRrB. Cosmopolitan. 4. Dictyota nervosa? (Suhr, in Flora, 1834, ii. t. 1. f. 4; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 95; Harv.! Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 74). Has. Georgetown. DisrarB. Cape of Good Hope. Gen. XXVI. STILOPHORA, J. 4j. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i.p. 83. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 26. Spermafochnus, Kütz. Phyc. p. 334. Sp. Alg. p. 549.) 1. Stilophora rhizodes (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 85; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 70).—Fucus rhizodes, Turn. Hist. t. 235. Has. Georgetown, in tidal pools, and on the mudflats. DisrarB. Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. 2. Stilophora Lyngbysei (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 84; Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 237). Has. Georgetown, in deep water. DrsrarB. Shores of Europe, King George's Sound. Gen. XXVII. ASPEROCOCCUS, Lamour. (Lamour. Ess. p. 61. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 74. Encelium et Haloglossum, Kütz.) l. Asperococcus Turneri (Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 277; Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 11).—A. bulbosus, Lamour. Ess. p. 62; Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 51; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 76. Has. Georgetown, etc., common. Disrris. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean, coasts of New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and Falkland Islands. 2. Asperococcus sinuosus (Bory; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 75).—Enccelium sinuosum, Kitz. Sp. Alg. p. 552. Trips V. CHORDARIACEE. Gen. XXVIII. LIEBMANNIA, J. Aj. (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 34. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 23. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 60.) l. Liebmannia ? australis (Harv.) ; fronde subsimplici v. seepius vage ramosa nunc ramosissima, ramis cylindraceis v. insequaliter incrassatis carnoso-gelatinosis apice obtusis v. acutis, filis axillaribus densis, periphericis elongatis dichotomis, articulis cylindraceis diametro 8—4-plo longioribus, sporis obovoideis.— Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 88. 292 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [ Alga, by W. H. Harvey. Var. 8; fronde simpliciuscula intestineformi.—Harv. Alg. Eesic. n. 89. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H. Distris. South coasts of New Holland. Frond 6 inches to a foot or more in height, from 2—4 lines in diameter, or sometimes upwards of half an inch across the swollen branches, very irregular in ramification, sometimes nearly simple, sometimes much branched. In the simpler varieties the branches are often much swollen. The substance is firmly carnoso-gelatinous and tough, and the colour a dark-brown, becoming blackish when dry. The axial filaments are very dense, those of the peri- phery remarkably slender, elongated, several times dichotomous, and perfectly cylindrical, their joints three or four times as long as broad. The spores are obovate, with a wide perisperm, and are borne near the bases of the peri- pheric filaments.—We are not sure whether this species be correctly referable to Liebmannia, where we place it on account of the dense axis. Gen. XXIX. MESOGLOIA, 4g. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 56. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 544. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 31, 82.) 1. Mesogloia virescens (Carm.; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 82; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 56). Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. Disrmrg. Atlantic shores of Europe, Gulf of Mexico, south coast of New Holland, and at the Friendly . Islands. (Vavau, W. H. H.) . Gen. XXX, CLADOSIPHON, Katz (Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 329. t. 25. f.1. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i.p. 54. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 547.) l. Cladosiphon Chordaria (Harv.) ; caule indiviso percurrente, ramis lateralibus longissimis guo- quoversis simplicibus v. subdichotomis, ramulis paucis, axillis obtusis, filis peripherieis simplicibus brevis- simis clavatis unicellularibus, sporis ellipticis.—Harv. Alg. Exsie. n. 95, 96; Phyc. Austr. t. 60. Var. B. Dictyosiphon ; fronde minori densius ramosa, ramis ramulis plus minus obsitis.—C. Dictyo- siphon, Harv. Alg. Exsie. n. 97. Has. Georgetown. DisrniB. South coast of Australia. _ Frond a foot or more in height, and as much in the expansion of the branches. Stem mostly simple, densely clothed throughout with long lateral branches which issue in all directions. Branches filiform, varying in diameter from the thickness of a hog’s-bristle to a line; in the former case of equal diameter throughout, in the latter taper- ing at each end, simple and bare of ramuli, or once or twice forked, or, in var. ß, furnished with numerous short patent ramuli. In young specimens the central cavity is narrow, in more advanced it gradually widens, the frond becoming somewhat inflated. The walls of the tube are composed of several rows of longitudinal filaments, densely aggregated into a firmly cellular flesh; the periphery is formed of minute, radiating, simple filaments, each formed of a single clavate cell, issuing from the cells of the outer row of those composing the tube-wall. Zlliptical spores nestle among the filaments of the periphery.— The Georgetown specimens are of much greater diameter than those from Port Phillip, on which the species was founded. This seems to arise from an increase in diameter of the cen- tral tube. T cannot detect any difference in microscopic character, and therefore have brought them together, and also reduce to the same my C. Dictyosiphon, which, from its difference in habit, I had previously distributed as distinct. , i a Cladosiphon nigricans (Harv.); fronde filiformi longissima subsimplici v. parum ramosa, ramis lateralibus paucis vermiformibus elongatis nudis v. ramulos paueissimos ferentibus, tubo frondis demum amplo, filis peripherieis fasciculato-ramosis longiuseulis articulatis, articulis diametro sesquilongioribus terminali globoso.—Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 94. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 293 Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H. (Often on Zostera.) Distris. Western Port, Victoria, W. H. H. Frond 1-2 feet long, simple, with a few lateral simple branches, each several inches or upwards of a foot in length, and either quite naked or furnished with a few distant lesser branches irregularly distributed. The walls of the frond are composed of three or four rows of longitudinal, closely agglutinated filaments, At first the cavity is small, but finally it widens. The peripheric filaments are subfasciculate, irregularly forked or laterally branched ; their articulations are cylindrical, and longer than their diameter; the terminal cell is globose, and of larger dia- meter than the rest, so that each fibre is capitate.—After having been dried, the tube in some cases remains perma- nently collapsed, but in others it freely opens, a difference perhaps depending on maturity. Gen. XXXI. LEATHESIA, 8. F. Gray. (Gray, Br. Pl. i.p. 301. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 23. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 176. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 50. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 543.) 1. Leathesia tuberiformis (S. F. Gray, Br. Pl. i. p. 301; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 324).—L. marina, Endl. 9rd Suppl. p. 23; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 543; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 52. Rivularia tuberiformis, Lug. Bot. t. 1956. Has. Rocks: at the mouth of the Tamar, etc. Disrrrs. Atlantic shores of Europe and America, Cape of Good Hope, south coast of New Holland. Gen. XXXII. MYRIONEMA, Grev. (Grev. Crypt. Fl. t. 300. Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 23. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 47.) 1. Myrionema Leclancherii (Chauv. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 41 A; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 48).— Phyllactidium maculeforme?, Kitz. Phyc. p. 295. Haz. On Uwe: at Georgetown; parasitic. DisrarB. Atlantic shores of Europe, etc. Gen. XXXIII. CLADOSTEPHUS, 4g. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 41. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 33. 138. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 468.) 1. Cladostephus spongiosus (Ag. Sp. p. 12; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 138; Hook. fil. Fl. Antarct. y. 163; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 43). Has. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Distrıs. A native of Europe, North and South America, and of the south coasts of Australia, etc. Trise VI. ECTOCARPACE. Gen. XXXIV. SPHACELARIA, Lyngb. (Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 103. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 29) 1. Sphacelaria paniculata (Suhr; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 36).—S. hordeacea, Haro. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 614. Stypocaulon paniculatum, hordeaceum, et virgatum, Kútz. Has. Coast rocks, common: Georgetown, Port Arthur. Disrarn. Coasts of New Holland and New Zealand, Cape of Good Hope. VOL. II. 4r 294 | FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. Gen. XXXV. ECTOCARPUS, Zyngb. (Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 130. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 14. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 449.) 1. Ectocarpus siliculosus (Lyngb.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 22; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 451; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 162). Has. Georgetown, etc. Disrris. Northern and southern temperate zones. 2. Ectocarpus fasciculatus (Harv. Man. ed. 2. p. 59; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 273; Wyatt, Alg. Damn. n. 302; Kitz. Sp. Alg. i. p. 22). Has. On Chorda lomentaria, at Georgetown, J. Penny. Our specimens agree pretty nearly with specimens from the British seas, but are not fully matured. They are however in fruit. 9. Ectocarpus sordidus (Harv.) ; fronde decumbente debili alias algas investiente vage et parce ramosa, ramis paucis flexuosis subsimplicibus nudisque hic illic ramulum horizontalem brevem ferentibus. Has. Georgetown, covering small A/ge, Gunn. This resembles the British E crinitus, to which it might without much violence be referred. It forms sprawl- ing strata, investing the smaller 4/ge, when growing in muddy places. Series II. RHODOSPERMEA. Tree I. RHODOMELACEA. Gen. XXXVI. CLAUDEA, Lamour. (Lamour. An. Mus. xx. p. 121. Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 50. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 887.) l. Claudea elegans (Lamour. Ess. t. 2. f. 2, 4; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 888; Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 408. t. 20; Harv. Ner. Austr. 15; Phyc. Austr. t. 1).—Fucus Claudei, Zurn. Hist. t. 243. Has. In the Tamar, above Georgetown, especially at Point Rapid. DisrRrB. Western Australia. Gen. XXXVII. MARTENSIA, Her. (Hering, Ann. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 92. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 73. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 888.) l. Martensia, sp. Haz. In the Tamar, at Georgetown, Gunn, Fereday. We regret that at present it is out of our power to determine this plant. Fragments of the fringe of a gigantie Martensia, much larger and more robust than any we have elsewhere seen, have been sent to us by Mr. Gunn, and similar fragments have been found by Mr. Fereday. No state of M. elegans that we have examined resembles these fragments, and they are still less like any of the other described species, except perhaps M. australis, Harv., from Swan River. The fringe, when perfect, must have been more than 6 inches in breadth; the individual meshes are nearly + inch long, the walls of the meshes more than a line in breadth; and the exterior margin of the network fimbriato-laciniate. Until the membranous portion of the frond, and especially the base of the membrane, shall have been seen, it will be impossible satisfactorily to determine the species. e ct Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 2 Gen. XXXVIII. POLYPHACUM, 4g. (Ag. Syst. p. 274. Endl. 3rd. Suppl. p. 33. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 17.—Epiglossum, Kütz. p. 878.) : 1. Polyphacum Smithiz (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 17. t. 3).—Epiglossum Smithii, Kitz. Sp. Aly. p. 878. Has. Circular Head, Mrs. Smith. Distrıg. South coast of Australia, W. H. H., F. Mueller, ete. Gen. XXXIX. ? THAMNOCLONIUM, Kiitz. (Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 392. Sp. Alg. p. 793.) 1. Thamnoclonium hirsutum (Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 793).—Polyphacum dichotomum, J. 4g. Has. At the mouth of the Tamar, in deep water. Distris. Coast of New Holland. Gen. XL. LENORMANDIA, Sond. (Sond. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 54. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 18. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 849.) 1. Lenormandia marginata (Hook. fil. et Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 19. t.2; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 849). Has. Common in the Tamar, at Georgetown. Gen. XLI. JEANNERETTIA, Hook. fil. et Harv. (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 20.) 1. Jeannerettia lobata (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 20. t. 4).—Botryoglossum lobatum ?, Kútz. Sp. Alg. p. 881; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 30. Han. Port Arthur, Jeannerett. In the Tamar, R. Gunn, W. H. H., etc. Disrris. West and South Australia. This plant scarcely differs generically from the following, with which it sufficiently agrees in habit. By Kützing it has been erroneously referred to Botryoglossum, from which it is widely separated by its fructification. The ceramidia, with which we were unacquainted when the genus was first described, resemble those of Pollexfenia pedicellata. Gen. XLII. POLLEXFENIA, Harv. (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 431. Ner. Austr. p. 21.) 1. Pollexfenia pedicellata (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 431; Ner. Aust. p. 22* t. 5; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 875). Has. Abundant at Georgetown, etc. — Disrris. West and south shores of Australia. The colour of the figure in Ner. Austr. is much too bright. It should be of a sober brownish-red, or purplish. Gen. XLIII. DICTYMENIA, Grev. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 28. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 847.) (Grev. Syn. p. 50. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 47. xxv. p. 697).—D. tridens, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 28. l. Dictymenia Harveyana (Sond. in Linn. t. 1 (not of Grev.). 296 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Has. Georgetown; plentiful. DisrRiB. South coast of New Holland. Gen. XLIV. ACANTHOPHORA, Zz. (Lamour. Ess. p. 44. Grev. Syn. p. 54. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 47. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 34. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 858.) l. Acanthophora Tasmanica (Sond.); fronde cartilaginea ultrasetacea decomposite ramosissima, ramis primariis elongatis lateraliter ramosis, secundariis brevibus ramulis brevibus plus minus onustis, spinulis minutis quaquaversis pinnatifido-dentatis solitariis v. aggregatis nunc spinula subulata indivisa fulcratis.—Sond. in Linn. xxv. p. 699. Polysiphonia, v. sp. ?, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsice. No. 165. Has, Georgetown, between tide-marks, on the flats, R. Gunn, W. H. H., etc. Frond twice as thick as hog's-bristle, 6-8 inches long, much branched, the branches three to four times com- pounded in an alternate manner, spreading to all sides. Main branches 3-4 inches long, nearly bare below, in the upper part set with one or two series of short, simple, or little-divided branchlets. All the younger branches and ramuli are closely beset with patent spinulee, half a line in length, spirally inserted, very patent and sharply inciso-dentate or pinnatifid. Colour a dark brown. Substance cartilaginous, rather soft, adhering to paper. 2. Acanthophora arborea (Harv.) ; fronde dendroidea incrassata decomposite ramosissima, ramis primariis elongatis versus apicem attenuatis lateraliter ramosissimis, ramis secundariis brevibus dichotomo- multifidis, ramulis brevissimis spinulosis, spinulis subulatis fasciculatis undique insertis imbricatis, cera- midiis subterminalibus pedunculatis ovatis.—A. Tasmanica, Harv. Alg. Austr. Besicc. n. 140 (not of Sonder). Has. Rocks: at low water-mark, in the Tamar, above Georgetown, W. H. H. Fronds 12-18 inches long, as thick as erowquill below, attenuated upwards, branched from a short way above the base, bushy and tree-like. Principal branches few, subsimple, resembling the main stem, and equal in thickness, erecto-patent, more or less clothed with lesser branches. The secondary branches are 1-2 inches long, slender as hog's-bristle, and much divided in an irregularly dichotomo-alternate manner, the ultimate ramuli being not more than two or three lines long. All the lesser divisions and ramuli are closely set with imbricated subulate spines directed to all sides. Capsules ovate, on longish stalks, near or at the end of the branches. Colour dark brownish- purple when fresh, black when dry. : Gen. XLV. RHODOMELA, Ag. (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 368. Grey. Syn. p. 51. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 47. Harv, Ner. Austr. p. 34.) l. Rhodomela periclados (Sond.); caspitosa, fronde subsimpliei v. furcata, ramis paucis late- ralibus simplicibus, ramulis aculeiformibus acutis brevibus demum fasciculato-multifidis undique insertis, eystocarpiis subglobosis sessilibus v. brevissime pedicellatis, tetrasporis in ramulis fasciculatis ultimis nidulantibus.—Harv, Phyc. Austr. t. 28. R. simpliciuscula, Harv. Alg. Austr. Eesice. n. 136. Has, East coast, and Brown's River, A. Guan. Southport, C. Stuart. DisrRrB. Port Phillip, Victoria, Mueller, W. H. H. Densely tufted. Fronds issuing from matted roots, 2-4 inches high, simple or once or twice forked, and oc- casionally furnished with one or two lateral simple branches. Branches sometimes nearly naked, but in well-grown specimens furnished through the whole length with spinelike ramuli, 1-2 lines long, which are at first subsimple, but afterwards, by development from their inner side, become fasciculato-multifid. Colour very dark brown, black when dry. Substance rather rigid, not strongly adhering to paper in drying. Cystocarps (on the Port Phillip spe- Alge, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 297 cimens) roundish-ovate, with wide mouths, sessile on the ramuli, or near the tips of their lesser divisions. Zetraspores (on Tasmanian specimens) in an irregular double row in the ultimate ramuli. Gen. XLVI. CHONDRIA, Ae, (J. Ag. ref. Harv. in Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 19. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 223.) 1. Chondria dasyphylla (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 350).—Laurencia dasyphylla, Grev. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 152. Fucus dasyphyllus, Turn. Hist. t. 22, etc. Has. Common at Georgetown. Derwent, Oldfield. The Tasmanian specimens are frequently of very large size, 3-4 feet long, and excessively branched. Such specimens grow in the deeper and more rapid parts of the Tamar channel. 2. Chondria verticillata (Harv.) ; fronde tereti succosa siccitate badia bis-terve umbellatim divisa, ramulis fasciculato-verticillatis saccatis oblongis obtusissimis basi-constrictis, tetrasporis in ramulis nidu- lantibus.—Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 539; Alg. Austr. Exsie. n. 161. Has. Georgetown, rare, R. Gunn, Rev. J. Fereday. 9. Chondria tenuissima (Ag.).—Laurencia tenuissima, Grev. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 198. Fucus tenuissimus, Zurn. Hist. t. 100 (?) | Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. 4. Chondria opuntioides (Harv.) ; fronde inferne cartilaginea solidescente obsolete constricta dichotoma, superne di-trichotoma articulato-constricta membranacea succo aquoso repleta, ramulis ad genicula verticillatis articulatis, articulis ramorum puncto affixis (cito in aqua dulci sejunctis) ovali- oblongis basi et apice obtusissimis, cystocarpiis ovatis sessilibus.—Chylocladia opuntioides, Harv. Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 556. C. Tasmanica, Lond. Journ. iti. p. 444. Catenella major, Sond. Pl. Preiss. (fide sp. !) Rhabdonia Sonderi, J. 49. (not of Harv.). (Tas. CLXXXIX.) Has. Georgetown, etc. ; common. Disrris. West and south coasts of Australia. Fronds a foot to 18 inches high, and as much in expansion, tufted, excessively branched in a di-trichotomous manner. Main stem solid, cylindrical and continuous in its lower part, becoming more or less constricted upwards at intervals of about an inch, then becoming regularly articulato-constricted, hollow, succulent, and filled with watery juice, dichotomous or fasciculately branched ; lesser divisions frequently trichotomous, strongly constricted, beset at the constrictions with more or less abundant, whorled, articulated, simple or dichotomous ramuli. Artieu- lations elliptical or oblong, readily separating. When thrown into fresh-water, the whole frond rapidly breaks up the branches and ramuli falling off in single joints, leaving a bare stem, with a few of its principal divisions. Oystocarps ovate, sessile on the sides of the ramuli. Teiraspores of large size, imbedded in the ultimate ramuli. Colour a full red, rapidly given out in fresh-water. Substance, when quite fresh, cartilaginous, but very juicy, and soon becoming flaccid. In drying, it most closely adheres to paper. I suppose this to be the Chylocladia articulata of Australian botanists, as it appears to be found commonly along the whole southern coast, and often assumes the habit of the true C. articulata of Europe, though differing greatly from that plant in substance, structure, and fructification. At first I referred the present species to Dees but the discovery of cysfocarps and tetraspores on Tasmanian specimens compels eg removal into Chondria, whore it associates naturally with C. clavata and C. verticillata.—Prate CLXXXIX. Fig. 1, a frond, the natural size ; 2, ramulus, with tetraspores ; 3, a tetraspore ; 4, ramulus, with conceptacle ; 5, spores from the same: the latter figures magnified. 5. Chondria ?? bulbosa (Harv.); fronde coccinea a basi ramosa, ramis primariis basi incrassato- 46 VOL. II. 298 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. bulbosis bulbo oblongo solido sursum filiformibus alterne decompositis, secundariis ramulisgue guagua- versis sparsis obtusis basi attenuatis. Has. East coast, Gunn. Derwent, Oldfield. Frond 3-4 inches high, branched from the base. Primary branches numerous, each of them swelling at base into an oblong, solid bulb, from 3-2 of an inch long and 1-2 lines in diameter. Beyond the bulb the branches are filiform, twice as thick as hog's-bristle, and alternately decompound, the lateral branches directed to all sides. Se- condary branches virgate, simple, having a few scattered ramuli, which are obtuse at the-apex and much attenuated to the insertion. Dried specimens do not readily recover their form on being remoistened, and we are not quite certain as to the internal structure of the frond. There is some appearance of internal septa at short intervals, and this character, added to the form of the ramuli, has induced us to place this curious plant provisionally in Chondria. Until fruit shall have been found, its place in the system cannot be finally ascertained. The habit is that of a Rhabdonia. 6. Chondria fusifolia (Hook. fil. et Harv.).—Laurencia — Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 401. Has. Sullivan's Cove, Dr. Zyall. Gen. XLVII. RYTIPHL(EA, dg. (Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 50. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 31. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 844.) 1. Rytiphloea simplicifolia (Harv.); fronde foliacea costata a costa repetite prolifera et demum spurie ramosissima, foliis linearibus planis v. subcanaliculatis costa tenui percursis opacis tenuissime trans- versim striatis obtusis basi in petiolo attenuatis, stichidiis linearibus involutis fasciculatis e costa enatis.— Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsie. n. 133. Has. Tasmania, rare, R. Gunn. DistriB. South coast of Australia, rare, W. H. H. Primary leaf from an inch to 3 or 4 inches long or more, from 1-2 lines wide, quite flat, and traversed by a slender midrib, from which numerous similar leaves, 1-3 inches long, are thrown out proliferously, without any definite order. "These in like manner bear a third, and those a fourth series of similar leaves, until there results a bushy, much compounded frond, composed of simple leaflets. All the Jeaflets are linear, obtuse, tapering to the base into an imperfect petiole, and are of a closely-cellular substance, rather opaque, and very finely striate trans- versely. The colour is a dull deep-red. Stichidia tufted, linear, issuing from the midribs. In habit this plant resembles a very narrow form of Lenormandia spectabilis, but is of much closer cellular substance, and the retieulations are not diagonal, as in all the species of Zenormandia. Perhaps it would range better in Dictymenia than in Rytiphlea. 2. Rytiphloea australis (Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 48; Mont. Fl. Canar. p. 154, in not.).—R. austral- asica, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 32; Swan Riv. Alg. n. 65. p. 538; Aly. Eesic. Austr. n. 134; Phyc. Austr. 5.27. Haz. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrrts. Common on the western and southern coasts of Australia. Gen. XLVIII. BOSTRYCHIA, Mont. (Mont. Hist. Cub. Bot. p. 39. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 48. Ner. Austr. p. 58. Kütz. Sp. p. 839.) l. Bostrychia mixta (Hook. fil. et Harv. ; Lond. Journ. iv. p. 270; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 70; El. N. Zeal. ii. p. 225; Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 141). Haz. On stones, above half-tide. Port Arthur, W. H. H. Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA, 209 Disrris. New Zealand and Cape of Good Hope. 2. Bostrychia distans? (Harv. in Fl, N. Zeal. ii. p. 226). Haz. In the Derwent, at New Norfolk, Gunn. Rivers in New Zealand. If this be not identical with the New Zealand species found in similar localities, it is at least nearly allied to it. Our specimens are not in good order. 3. Bostrychia Harveyi (Mont. Fl. Chil. Cell. ii. p. 307. t. 16.1.4; Hook, Fl. N. Zeal, ii. p. 225). Has. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Disrerp. A native of Chiloe and of New Zealand. Closely allied to the B. scorpioides of Europe, but more slender. Gen. XLIX. POLYZONIA, Suhr. (Suhr in Flora, 1834, p. 739. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 70. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 881.) 1. Polyzonia incisa (J. Ag. in Linn. xv. p. 24; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 71). Has. Parasitical on various 4/92. Gen. L. POLYSIPHONIA, Grev. (Grev. Fl. Edin, p. 308, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 87. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 802.) SuncENUs 1. OLIGOSIPHONTA, J. Ag. 1. Polysiphonia Hookeri (Harv. Ner. Aust. p. 40. t. 12).—P. acanthophora, Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 441. Haz. Georgetown, abundant, 2. Polysiphonia Mallardiz (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 40. t. 13). Has. Georgetown. Coast of New Holland. 3. Polysiphonia Hystrix (Hook. fl. et Harv.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 41. t. 14). Has. Georgetown, etc. Coast of New Holland. 4. Polysiphonia breviarticulata (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 135; Harv. in Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 36. t. 16 2. ; Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 539). Has. Pipers River, R. Gunn. Native of Europe and North America. 5. Polysiphonia abscissa (Hook. fil. e& Harv.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 227).—P. abscissa and P. mi- crocarpa, Fl. Ant. et Harv. Ner. Austr. Haz. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. Archer. Native of Antarctic Sea and New Zealand. The Tasmanian specimens are larger and somewhat coarser and duller in colour than those from the Antarctic Sea, but the differences do not seem to warrant their specific separation. The species represents P. formosa and P. urceolata in the Southern Ocean, and is probably as variable as those forms are well known to be. 6. Polysiphonia mollis (Hook. fìl. et Harv.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 43). Has. Georgetown, on Zostera ; common. South coast of New Holland. 7. Polysiphonia crassiuscula; fuscescens, cartilagineo-succosa, siccitate subrigida, rugosa, fronde ultrasetacea sursum maxime attenuata pluries dichotoma, axillis patentibus, ramis minoribus irregulariter dichotomis nudis v. ramulis paucis lateralibus plus minus obsitis, axi tetrasiphonio, articulis superioribus diametro zqualibus v. sublongioribus ecorticatis, inferioribus diametro brevioribus plus minus dense corticatis. 300 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Has. East coast, R. Gunn. Fronds 4-6 inches high, not densely tufted, repeatedly dichotomous from the base, the lower axils very patent ; cartilaginous, and thickly coated with secondary cells in the lower part, softer and more pellucid above, and at the ends of the branches flaccid, much attenuated and pellucid. Artieulations short in all parts of the frond, only equalling their diameter toward the ends of the young branches, four-tubed. The lower articulations are more or less obliterated, being covered externally with several rows of accessory cells. Colour a dingy reddish-brown when dry. Substance rigid, the tips only adhering to paper. Our specimens are few, and not in first-rate order. 8. Polysiphonia laxa; fronde setacea elongata rigidiuscula rufescente angulatim flexuosa laxe ramosa, ramis primariis patentibus paucis elongatis varie divisis, secundariis brevibus divaricato-patentibus alternis v. sepe secundis subsimplicibus v. lateraliter ramulosis, ramulis paucissimis setaceis, articulis ¿etrasiphoniis ecorticatis mediis diametro 3-4-plo superioribus duplo longioribus ultimis diametro «qualibus. Has. Tasmania, R. Gunn. Frond upwards of a foot long, as thick as hog's-bristle, very laxly branched, the branches distant, zigzag-bent, throwing off branchlets at the angles; the principal branches several inches long, variously set with short lateral branches, which are often secund, subsimple, slightly branched, or having a few setaceous ramuli. All the ramifica- tion is remarkably patent. The substance is somewhat rigid, and the plant does not closely adhere to paper. We have only seen a solitary specimen, which is very dissimilar in character to any Australian species known to us. It is attached to a fragment of Zostera. 9. Polysiphonia succulenta; fronde badia gelatinoso-cartilaginea ultrasetacea sensim attenuata apice flaccida dichotome ramosissima, ramis lateralibus irregulariter dichotomis v. multipartitis, ultimis in ramulos fascieulatos multifidos desinentibus, articulis ecorticatis tetrasiphoniis mediis diametro subtriplo longioribus superioribus brevioribus ultimis diametro eegualibus, tetrasporis in ramulis nidulantibus. Has. Georgetown, on Zostera, R. Gunn. (Oct. 1848.) We have only seen a single specimen. It resembles a large and coarsely-grown P. mollis, but the frond is much more robust and succulent than in that species, and the habit more flabelliform, with dense fasciculato- multifid terminal ramuli. Frond 6 inches high, much branched from the base, the branches dichotomous. Colour when dry a rich dark-brown. Substance somewhat similar to that of Griffithsia secundiflora. 10. Polysiphonia vagabunda (Harv.); cespitibus minutis globosis (natantibus) roseis siccitate fuscescentibus, frondibus pusillis intricatis vage ramosis, ramis elongatis horizontalibus v. divaricatis arcuatis, ramulis paucis sepe secundis divaricatis, articulis tetrasiphoniis diametro sequalibus.—Harv. Alg. Austr. Ersic. n. 183. Has. Floating in the sea, at Eagle Hawk Neck, W. H. H. This curious little species occurred in such immense quantity as to colour the sea for a considerable distance round the shore, each wave, as it rolled in, appearing as if thickened with raspberry jam. The mass, when examined, proved to be composed of innumerable minute, spherical tufts, each about two lines in diameter, composed of fila- ments intricately woven together, very irregularly branched, the branching remarkably divaricate. At an earlier stage, probably, the plant was attached, but when found it appeared in full life, and not a mere waif of the sea; and 1 was informed by a gentleman resident at the Neck that he had repeatedly noticed the waves, in that part of the bay, to be similarly filled with this little plant. SUBGENUS 2. POLYSIPHONIA. 11. Polysiphonia cancellata (Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 440; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 51. t. 15). Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 301 Has. On the larger Alga, very common. Distris. West and south and east coasts of New Holland. 12. Polysiphonia Frutex (Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 439; Ner. Austr. p. 52). Has. Georgetown, etc., common. DrsrarB. South coast of New Holland. 13. Polysiphonia fuscescens (Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 439; Ner. Austr. p. 52). Has. Georgetown, etc., common. Distris. South coast of New Holland. 14. Polysiphonia versicolor (Hook. fil. et Harv.; Lond. Journ. vi. p. 999; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 48. t. 16). Has. Georgetown, etc. DisrgiB. West and south coasts of New Holland. 15. Polysiphonia monilifera (Hook. fil. et Harv.; Lond. Journ. vi. p. 399; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 49. t. 16). Has. At Georgetown, rare, R. Guan. 16. Polysiphonia ericoides (Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 400 ; Ner. Austr. p. 50). Has. Tasmania, Rev. Mr. Ewing. Port Arthur, W. H; H. 17. Polysiphonia cladostephus (Mont. Voy. Pól. Sud, i. p. 132. t. 18. f. 4 A; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 45 ; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 232).—Pol. byssoclados, Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 436. Cladostephus australis, 4g. Syst. p. 169. Griffithsia australis, 4g. Sp. A/g. ii. p. 135. Bindera cladostephus, Dene. Has. Common, especially at Georgetown. Distri. All along the west and south coasts of New Holland. New Zealand. Auckland Islands, etc. 18. Polysiphonia spinosissima (Harv.); fuscescens, dense cespitosa, fronde setacea fruticosa articulata sulcata decomposite ramosissima, ramis quaquaversis creberrimis patentibus pluries pinnatim compositis, ramulis spicæformibus squarrosis spiraliter insertis brevibus crebris, articulis septemsiphoniis, ramorum diametro sesquilongioribus, ramulorum brevissimis.—Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsie. n. 173. Has. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Disrarm. Coast of Victoria, at Port Fairy, W. H. H. Tufts 2-3 inches high, very dense, many fronds growing from the same base. Stems about as thick as hog’s- bristle, articulated to the base, and very densely beset with lateral, patent eegen directed to all sides 80 » to give a shrub-like aspect to the plant. The principal branches are again beset with a second, and — " eg «set, directed to all sides, and closely alternating in insertion. All the branches are densely " with short, spinelike, divaricate or reflexed ramuli, about a line in length. The articulations have seven radiating tubes, and yeh seg throughout the plant ; those of the branches scarcely once and half as long as broad, and those of "e er mae shorter than their breadth. The colour is a dark brown when dry, a am brown when er a s an soft, and soon decomposes in fresh-water. Frequently the whole = is densely urea e = en Tasmanian specimens entirely correspond with those from Victoria. Mr. Start aw no beg . Those from Port Fairy grew in a narrow tide-channel, or small creek, and not in the open Sea. Gen. LI. DASYA, 4y. (Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 116. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 57. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 232.) 7 1. Dasya Gunniana (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 59. t. 17).—Pol. Gunniana, Harv. ın Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 437. VOL. II. 4H 302 | FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Has. Georgetown, plentiful, Gunn. DisrRrs. West and south coasts of Australia; common in Port Phillip. 2. Dasya Lawrenciana (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 60. t. 18.)—Pol, Lawrenciana, Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 438. Has. Georgetown, rare. I have doubts whether this be more than an opaque variety of D. Gunniana. 3. Dasya capillaris (Hook. fil. et Harv.; Harv. Ner. Austr. t. 19). Haz. Georgetown, on the wooden piles of the pier, etc., and on Alge. 4. Dasya naccarioides (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 432 ; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 63. t. 22). Has. Abundantly at Georgetown. DisrRrB. South coast of Australia. 5. Dasya Tasmanica (Sond.); “caule crasso elongato cartilagineo nudo alterne ramoso, ramis subelongatis iterum ramosis inarticulatis, ramulis divaricatis densissime ramellis roseis monosiphoniis vestitis, ramellis patentibus dichotomis, articulis diametro duplo triplove longioribus, terminali obtusissimo, ceramidiis ovato-subglobosis brevissime pedicellatis.”—Sond. in Linn. xxv. p. 702. Has. Tasmania, Stuart. On the Flats, Georgetown, R. Gunn. Frond 6-12 inches long, robust, decompound. Branches lateral, elongate, patent, set with one or two series of shorter branchlets and ramuli. The main stem and branches are denuded; the shorter branchlets and ramuli densely covered with dichotomo-multifid ramuli. The habit is very similar to that of D. elongata, but the ramelli are obtuse, not acutely pointed as in that species. —Our specimens are dull reddish-brown, and closely adhere to paper. We have not seen an authentic specimen of Sonder's plant. 6. Dasya hapalathrix (Harv.); caule longissimo (4-6-pedali) glabro repetite decomposite ramoso, ramis pluri-pedalibus cartilagineis virgatis crassis sursum attenuatis lateraliter ramosis, ramis minoribus bis terve compositis, ramulis ultimis setaceis ramelliferis, ramellis roseo-puniceis monosiphoniis mollissimis tenuissimis dichotomis attenuatis axillis acutis divisuris ultimis longissime filiformibus, articulis ramellorum diametro 3-6-plo longioribus, ceramidiis subsessilibus v. breve pedicellatis urceolatis ore prominulo, stichidiis minutis fusiformibus acutis.—Harv. Alg. Exsie. Austr. n. 201; Phyc, Austr. t. 88. Has. In the Tamar, at Point Rapid, W. H. H. Disrris. Port Phillip Heads. : Frond sometimes 6 feet long, the branches 3 or 4 feet. Stem 1-2 lines in diameter at base, cartilaginous, attenuated upwards. Branches lateral, spirally inserted, many times compounded alternately, all the divisions virgate, tapering to the apex. The general circumscription of the larger branches is lanceolate, of the smaller, ovate- acuminate. The ultimate ramuli are setaceous, about 4 inch long, and are alone clothed with ramelli, which are of a bright, purplish, rose-red colour, well preserved in drying. The plant may be immersed in fresh-water without injury for a considerable time, a character by which it is readily known from those varieties of D. villosa which resemble it in habit. The ramelli, though exceedingly soft and flaccid, may be readily removed from paper, and open again in water with facility. 7. Dasya villosa (Harv. in Lond. Journ. iii. p. 483; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 61. t. 20). Has. Georgetown, etc., common. DisrRiB. West and south coasts of Australia, especially in Port Phillip. An extremely variable plant in size and ramification, as well as in colour, being sometimes dark purplish-red, sometimes bright rosy-purple. It is the softest and most gelatinous of the Australian species, almost instantly de- caying in fresh-water, and in this and other respects nearly resembles the northern D. elegans. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 303 8. Dasya Feredayee (Harv.) ; caule elato glabro opaco cartilagineo decomposite ramosissimo, ramis lateralibus virgatis gracilibus quaquaversis iterum et iterum alterne divisis, minoribus nune virgatis sim- plicibus nunc ramosis attenuatis ramelliferis, ramellis roseis monosiphoniis undique insertis patentibus vel squarrosis ad apices densioribus dichotomo-multifidis axillis patentibus apice attenuatis, articulis ramellorum diametro 4—6-plo longioribus cylindraceis, ceramidiis . . .?—Harv. Alg. Exsie, n. 220. Var. 8; ramis ramulisque squarrosis.—Harv. Alg. Ezsic. n. 221. Has. In the Tamar, at and above Georgetown, Mrs. Fereday, ete. Frond 1-2 feet long or more, half a line to a line in diameter at base, set throughout with lateral branches spreading in all directions, the lower long, the upper gradually shorter. Branches virgate, three or four times alternately decompound, each set of branches more slender, generally straight and erecto-patent, sometimes squarrose and curved. All the larger branches are glabrous, the lesser ones but sparingly covered with ramelli, the penultimate ones alone thickly ramelliferous ; but different specimens differ greatly in the density and copiousness of the ramelli. Every part of the frond is inartieulate, coated with small cells. The ramelli are patent, sometimes squarrose, many times dichotomous, attenuated to the points, and their articulations are 3-6 times as long as broad. The colour is rosy-red, well preserved in drying. The substance is firm, and the plant may be immersed for some time in fresh- water without injury.—1 have not seen any fructification. I first saw some fine specimens of this plant in the collection of Mrs. Fereday, of Georgetown, to whom the species is dedicated, and afterwards I collected it in considerable abundance in the Tamar. It has also been sent in Mr. Gunn's later collections. 9. Dasya Haffise (Harv.); caule elato villoso opaco cartilagineo decomposite plumoso-pinnato, ramis virgatis distichis subtripinnatis ramulisgue patentibus densissime ramelliferis, ramellis roseis undigue insertis sguarroso-crispatis dichotomo-multifidis axillis patentibus apice acutis vix attenuatis, articulis ramel- lorum diametro sesgui-subduplo-longioribus, ceramidiis sepe pinnulos ultimos terminantibus globosis ore porrecto densissime ramellis involucrato-vestitis, stichidiis minutis ovalibus mucronatis.—Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 222, Has. Georgetown, rare, R. Gunn. Table Cape, Miss Mackenzie. Disrrrs. First found at Western Port, Victoria, W. H.H. Frond 12-18 inches high, and nearly as much in expansion, with a principal undivided or once-forked stem, closely set throughout with patent lateral branches, the lowest of which are longest. These branches are distichous, or nearly so, and are twice or thrice plumoso-pinnate, the pinne and pinnules all patent. The pinne are of un- equal lengths, long and short intermixed ; the smaller ones are either simple or once pinnate, the larger two or three times decompound. The main branches at first are densely ramellose, but become bare with age; all the lesser branches generally retain their villosity. The pinne and pinnule are densely clothed m int, intricate, squar- rose ramelli, many times dichotomous, not much tapering, but acute at the points, their articulations short. Cera- midia generally terminate the shortest of the ramuli, and are hidden in a dense nest of ramelli, whioh bayer over even the walls of the ceramidium. Stichidia minute. Colour a rosy red, sometimes turning brown in drying. Sub- stance soft, but not gelatinous.— The specific name is in honour of Mrs. M Haffie, of Philip Island, T Port. The specimens from Table Cape are much injured, and in part denuded of ramelli, and may possibly belong to a different but closely allied species. 10. Dasya Muelleri (Sond.) ; caule elato (pedali et ultra) crasso villis stipato subdichotomo, seg- mentis ramiferis, ramis secundariis longissimis (1-2-pedalibus) caule multo tenuioribus glabris corticatis simplicibus inferne seepe denudatis superne pulcherrime plumoso-pinnatis, pinnis alternis erebris horizonta- libus plus minus ecorticatis polysiphoniis iterum pinnulatis, pinnulis oligosiphoniis — ramelliferis, ramellis dichotomis attenuatis obtusis, articulis diametro 2-4-plo longioribus, ceramidiis magnis pedicellatis 304 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. inflato-ovatis, ore prominulo, stichidiis minutis oblongis acutis.—Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 31. D. plumigera, Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 548; Harv. Alg. Exsie. Auct. n. 208. Has. Georgetown. Disrris. West and south coasts of Australia. 11. Dasya Archeri (Harv.); caule pusillo a basi in ramos numerosos diviso, ramis setaceis elon- gatis simplicibus pellucide articulatis polysiphoniis crebre pinnatis circumscriptione ovato-lanceolatis, pinnis distichis alternis ramello pectiniformi reflexo-squarroso suffultis simplicibus ramelliferis, ramellis sepius alterne geminis divaricato-patentibus pectinato-multifidis (a latere interiore ramosis) mucronatis, articulis ramellorum diametro sesquilongioribus. Has. Georgetown, rare, Archer, R. Gunn. Three to four inches high, divided from the base into numerous branches. Branches as thick as hog’s-bristle, pellucidly articulate, often naked near the base, closely pinnated and feather-like beyond the middle. Some of the larger branches divide, and each division is then pinnate. Pinne 3-2 inch long, distichous, patent, about a line apart, each subtended by a ramellus, which is pectinate on its inner face. Ramelli mostly in pairs alternately, robust, patent or strongly reflexed, pectinate, the teeth of the comb horizontal, little tapering, but suddenly mucro- nate at the apex. Colour rosy-red.—This looks almost like a small specimen of D. Muelleri, but differs in the nature of the ramelli, the greater transparency of the branches, the subtending ramellus to the pinns, etc. We have only seen three specimens. 12. Dasya verticillata (Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 434; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 64. t. 24). Has. Georgetown, rare, Gunn, W. H. H. 13. Dasya bolbochete (Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 434; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 65. t. 25). Has. In the Tamar, above Georgetown, common. DisrarB. Found at Western Port, Victoria. One of the strongest-growing and most bushy of the genus. The figure in Ner. Austr. only represents part of a small branch. 14. Dasya hormoclados (J. Ag. in Linnea; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 65. t. 26).—Dasya ceramio - ides, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 66. t. 26. Haz. Abundant in the Tamar, above and below Georgetown. Southport, C. Stuart. DistrIB. South coast of Australia. After an examination of a very extensive suite of specimens, I am unable to fix a clear limit between D. cera- mioides and D. hormoclados, here united together. 15. Dasya pellucida (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 67. t. 27). Has. A single specimen at Georgetown, R. Gunn. Disrris. Cape of Good Hope, Port Phillip. The specimen agrees with those from Port Phillip, but is of a larger size than those from the Cape of Good Hope, on which the species was founded. 16. Dasya crouanioides (Sond.); “fronde continua tenuissima monosiphonia, ramis alternis pa- tentibus, ramulis sensim minoribus, omnibus cum fronde primaria fasciculis ramellorum brevissimorum verticillatim sejunctorum vestitis, verticillis superioribus confluentibus, ramellis articulatis callithamnioideis divaricato-ramosissimis, articulis diametro subduplo longioribus.” —Sond. in Linn. xxv. p. 108. Has. Tasmania, Stuart, - Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. i 305 We know nothing of this plant, which is said closely to resemble Crowania attenuata, Can it be a Crouania, and not a Dasya? Perhaps Crowania insignis, Harv. ? Tusr II. LAURENCIACEZE. Gen. LII. ASPARAGOPSIS, Mont. (Mont. Phyc. Can. xv. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 43. Harv. Ner. Austr. p.88. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 802. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 774.—Lictoria, J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 116.) 1. Asparagopsis armata (Harv.); surculo ultrasetaceo parum ramoso repente caules plures emit- tente, caulibus erectis ramosis usque ad basin ramellis obsitis v. brevissime nudis, ramis secundariis consi- milibus ad basin armatis ramulis subternis nudis retrorsum aculeatis, penicellis ramellorum subdistichis ambitu ovatis acutis, pinnellis oppositis, ceramidiis globosis pedunculo cylindraceo.— Zarv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 544. A. Delilei, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 88 (the figure, plate 35, not characteristic). Has. Common everywhere. Disrars. Abundant along the west, south, and east shores of Australia. Gen. LIII. DELISEA, Lamour. (Lamour. Dict. Se. Nat. xiii. p. 41. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 88. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 770. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 779.) 1. Delisea elegans (Mont.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 89. t. 34; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 770; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 781).—Bonnemaisonia elegans, Ag. Syst. p. 246. : Has. Georgetown, common. Distrıg. South coast of New Holland. 2. Delisea pulchra (Mont.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 89; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 770; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 784).—Bowiesia pulchra, Grev. Haz. Port Arthur, rare, W. H. H. South Port, C. Stuart. Disrrrs. West Australia. New South Wales, common at Newcastle. Kerguelen’s Land. 3. Delisea hypnzeoides (Harv.) ; fronde filiformi gracili flaccida flexuosa decomposita ramosissima, ramis erecto-patentibus, primariis longissime virgatis, secundariis tertiariisgue minoribus, omnibus distiche ciliatis, ciliis filiformi-subulatis distantibus alternis vel secundis, seepe uno latere pectinatis, ceramidiis infra apices ramulorum in rachide sessilibus lateralibus ovatis, ore laterali.—Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 248. Haz. Georgetown, very rare, Rev. I. Fereday. Distri. Found at Western Port, Victoria, W. H. H. Frond 2 feet long or more, very soft and flaccid, twice as thick as hog's-bristle, excessively branched in an alternate manner, the main branches long and virgate, the rest successively shorter. All parts are more or less flexuous, or gracefully bending. The cilia are longer, more filiform, more distant, and less regularly placed than in D. elegans, and in the lesser division a cilium is frequently lengthened to twice or thrice the ordinary length, and then pectinated on its inner face. The whole plant has more the aspect of a Hypnea than of a Delisea, but the fructification is exactly that of D. elegans. Gen. LIV. PTILONIA, J. 49. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 773.) 1. Ptilonia australasica (Harv.); fronde in parte inferiori costa crassa donata sursum costula VOL. II. a 306 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. tenuissima percursa vel omnino ecostata lineari plana decomposite pinnata, pinnis pinnulisgue alternis patentibus axillis rotundatis, ultimis oblongis obtusis simplicibus v. pauce dentatis, ceramidiis loteralibus, axillaribus vel terminalibus nunc fasciculatis globoso-inflatis longiuscule pedicellatis.—Harv. Alg. Ezsic. n. 944. (Tas. CXC. A.) ; Has. Georgetown, rare, R. Gunn, W. H. H. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrris. South coast of Australia. Frond a foot or more in length, and as much in expansion, about a line or a line and a half in breadth in all parts, furnished for some inches above the base with a thick cartilaginous midrib, which is gradually dissipated * upwards, the upper half of the frond being ribless, and quite flat, but traversed by a very slender, internal, medial vein, which is not always visible, though strongly marked in the broader and more luxuriant specimens. The rami- fication is distichous, and about thrice pinnate; the primary branches or pinne elongate, few and distant; the secondary 1-2 inches long, about half an inch asunder, and regularly alternating ; the tertiary short, with .one or two tooth-like incisions. All the ranches and their divisions are remarkably patent, with rounded angles. The apices are blunt, and frequently as if truncate. The ceramidia are as large as mustard-seeds, globose, on stalks as long as, or longer than themselves, and are very irregularly distributed over the frond, being sometimes terminal, sometimes on the sides of the smaller ramuli, sometimes in the axils, and sometimes actually fasciculate on different parts. Their walls are very thick, and they contain a large tuft of clavato-pyriform spores. The colour of the frond is of a deep clear red, similar to that of many Plocamia.—Mr. Stuart’s specimens from Southport are broader than that represented in our figure, and the frond is everywhere traversed by a slender medial vein, which we do not find obvious in the Georgetown plant. It is possible we may confound two species ; but as their vein is less strongly marked in some individuals than in others from the same locality, we think perhaps it may exist in all, but from some fault in the drying may have been obliterated.—PrATE CXC. 4. Fig. 1, Ptilonia australasica, nat. size ; 2, a fragment, with a pedicellate ceramidium ; 3, tuft of spores from the same; 4, some spores separated :—the latter figures more or less highly magnified. Gen. LV. CLADHYMENIA, Harv. (Hook. and Harv. Alg. N. Zeal. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 54. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 87. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 879. J. Ag. Sp. Alg.ii. p. 771.) 1. Cladhymenia conferta.—Dictymenia conferta, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 29. t. 8. Delesseria con- ferta, Ag. Sp. Alg. 1. p. 177. Fucus confertus, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 184. Var. B. foliifera ; ramis folia lanceolata tenui-membranacea ex margine apicibusque emittentibus. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H. Var. B. Southport, C. Stuart. DisrRrB. South coasts of New Holland. During my recent visit to Australia, I ascertained the tetrasporic fruit of this plant, and am thereby compelled to remove it from Dictymenia to the present genus. The tetraspores form marginal sori, continued for some dis- tance along the edge of the frond. Var. / is a remarkable variety, resembling at first sight some states of Delesseria hypoglossum. It is connected with the common form by specimens of intermediate character. Gen. LVI. LAURENCIA, Lamour. (Lamour. Ess. p. 42. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 108. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 81. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 740.) l. Laurencia Forsteri (Grev.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 85; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 744).—Fucus Forsteri, Turn. Hist. t. 77. Has. On Zostera, etc., common. Disrris. All along the coasts of New Holland. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 307 2. Laurencia filiformis (Mont. Pól. Sud, p. 125; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 84; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 745).—Chondria filiformis, Ag. Sp. Alg. Has. Tasmania, according to Montagne. Disrris. West coast of New Holland. We are not acquainted with this plant. 3. Laurencia obtusa (Lamour.; Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 111; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 148; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 750).—Fucus obtusus, Turn. Hist. t. 21; Eng. Bot. t. 1201. Has. Georgetown. Disrrib. Atlantic shores of Europe and America. Tropical seas. 4. Laurencia Tasmanica (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 84).—L. papillosa, Haro. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 401 (excl. syn.). Has. Plentiful at Georgetown. 5. Laurencia botryoides (Gaill.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 82).—Fucus botryoides, Turn. Hist. 1.178. à Has. Georgetown, Gunn. Derwent, Ewing, Oldfield. Southport, Stuart. 6. Laurencia elata (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot, vi. p. 401; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 81. t. 33; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 856; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 766). Has. Georgetown and Port Arthur. Disrrip. All along the coasts of New Holland. Gen. LVII. CHAMPIA, 49. (Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. T5.—Champie et Lomentarie sp., Auct.) 1. Champia Tasmanica (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 407. t. 19; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 78; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 370). Has. Georgetown, Guna, W. H. H., etc. Derwent, Oldfield. .—Chylocladonia affinis, Hook. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 402; 2. Champia affinis (Harv.) Sp. Alg. ii. p. 730. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 19. t. 29. Lomentaria affinis, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 803; J. Ag. Haz. Common at Georgetown and elsewhere. Distri. Shores of New Holland and New Zealand. 3. Champia obsoleta (Harv.) ; fronde pyramidali paniculatim ramosa, caule subsimplici intestini- formi obsoletissime constricta v. subcontinua, ramis lateralibus quaquaversis oppositis vel verticillatis crebre ramosis, ramulis decompositis, articulis ramulorum vix conspicuis diametro sesquilongioribus, ceramidiis ovatis sessilibus.—Harv. Alg. Exsie. n. 292. Has. Georgetown. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrris. Port Fairy, Victoria, W. H. H. Perhaps only a variety of C. afinis, but the habit is somewhat different, and the articulations difficult to be seen in any part of the frond, owing to the thickness of the outer walls. The plant grows on tidal nooks, in shal- lower water than L. affinis, and is generally, from exposure to sunlight, of a dull livid-green, tipped with purple. 4. Champia parvula (Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. pt. 2. p. 76).—Chylocladia parvula, Grev.; Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 210; Ner. Austr. p. 80. Lomentaria parvula, J. 47. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 129. Has. Georgetown. Dıstrıs. Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean. Coasts of New Holland and New Zealand. 308 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Trips 3. WRANGELIACEE. Gen. LVIII. WRANGELIA, 4y. (Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 136. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 35. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 664. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 703.) l. Wrangelia plumosa (Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 450; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. 664; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 706). Has. Tidal rocks, in rock-pools, very abundant. Disrris. Port Phillip and Western Port, etc., W. H. H. 2. Wrangelia nobilis (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 411; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 665; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 709). Griffithsia (Halurus) radiciformis, Hook. fil. et Harv. l.c.; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 663; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ìi. p. 91 (the winter and fructiferous state). Has. Common at and above Georgetown. The summer and winter states of this beautiful species are so dissimilar that, when first we received specimens from Mr. Gunn, we described them under two different genera, founding our W. nobilis on the summer form, and our Griffithsia radiciformis on the winter one, and in this error we have been followed by Agardh and Kützing. Extended observations on the living plant, and the possession of multitudes of specimens in every intermediate stage, have now demonstrated to us the identity of the supposed two species, and the discovery of both kinds of fruit confirms the position in Wrangelia of the united forms. In the young or summer state all the younger parts of the frond are clothed with very delicate rosy-red ramelli, two lines in length, which give a feathery character to the branches. The tomentum on the branches at this season is also close-pressed and silky. At a later stage the rosy ramelli become much less abundant, and at length are confined to the tips of the smaller ramuli, while the tomentum of the branches becomes more shaggy and uneven. Finally, the rosy ramuli altogether fall off, and the plant puts on the form described as Grifithsia (Halurus) radiciformis, being then in texture, substance, and general aspect extremely unlike the delicately pencilled and feathered young plant. It is at this stage of growth that the fruit of both kinds is produced. The eystocarps, exactly similar in structure to those of other Wi rangelie, are borne on longish pedicels issuing from the older branches. The tetraspores are densely aggregated in grape-like clusters, surrounded by involucral ramuli, and are borne on little pedicels rising from the branches. 3. Wrangelia Jeannerettii (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 411; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 709). Has. Port Arthur, Jeannerett. We are not in a position to throw any more light on this species. 4. Wrangelia crassa (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 410; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 706). Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H. Disrrrs. Port Phillip, W. H. H. 5. Wrangelia protensa (Harv.) ; fronde gelatinosa elata articulata ecorticata inferne plus minus stuposa decomposite ramosissima, ramis virgatis longe protensis alterne v. opposite ramosis, ramis minori- bus ramulisgue simplicibus attenuatis ad genicula opposita v. verticillatim ramellosis, ramellis erecto- appressis strictis vix attenuatis obtusis basi pinnulatis, rachide longe excurrente, tetrasporis ad latera pinnu- larum sessilibus globosis, articulis ramorum longissimis, ramellorum diametro 4—6-plo longioribus.—Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsie. n. 263. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. Disrris. Port Phillip, W. H. H. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 309 Fronds 6-12 inches long, excessively and densely branched, the principal branches long and virgate, several times compound, the ultimate branches an inch or two in length, simple, attenuated. All the branches and their divisions are very erect. The older parts of the frond, though pellucidly articulate and ecorticate, become shaggy with stupose filaments, which issue from the dissepiments, and are deflected downwards like rootlets. Every articu- lation of the branches and ramuli bears a pair of opposite ramelli, which are very erect or appressed, simple or branched from the base, often pinnulated in the lower part, but always with a long excurrent point. Tetra- spores are scattered on the pinnule of the ramelli. Cysfocarps unknown. Substance gelatinous and soft. Colour a rosy-red. 6. Wrangelia mucronata (Harv.); dense cespitosa, frondibus roseis rigidiusculis capillaribus dichotome ramosissimis ecorticatis articulatis ad genicula verticillatim ramellosis, ramellis subternis furcatis v. trifurcatis cellula terminali minuta subulata acute mucronatis, tetrasporis in cymis subapicalibus dispo- sitis, articulis ramorum longissimis, ramellorum diametro 6-8-plo longioribus. (Tas. CXCI. B.) Has. Tasmania, Æ. Gunn. (Very rare?) | Fronds 6-8 inches long, densely tufted, capillary, of nearly the same diameter throughout, pellucidly articulate, excessively branched in a more or less regularly dichotomous manner. Every dissepiment bears a whorl of mostly three ramelli, about a line in length, and two or three lines distant. These are generally forked, or often trifid, each arm of the fork being composed of one long cell, tipped by a minute, thorn-like terminal cell. The tetraspores are borne in little cymes, formed out of the ramelli, near the ends of the branches. The colour is a deep rosy-red. The substance is membranous, and the plant only imperfectly adheres to paper in drying.—This appears to be a very distinct species, allied to W. myriophylloides, but abundantly different.—Piare CXOL B. Fig. 1, a tuft, naf. size ; 2, frustule of a branch, with whorled ramelli; 8, a ramellus; 4, a fertile ramellus, with tetraspores ; 5, tetra- spore :—the latter figures magnified. 7. Wrangelia setigera (Harv.); fronde crassiuscula cartilaginea corticata decomposite ramosis- sima, ramis elongatis pluries alterne decompositis erecto-patentibus, ramulis plus minus articulatis ad genicula verticillatim ramellosis, ramellis setaceis simplicissimis patentibus cylindraceis obtusis, articulis ramorum diametro equalibus ramellorum subtriplo longioribus, cystocarpiis secus ramos sparsis pedicellatis, tetrasporis ad latera ramellorum sessilibus.—Spyridia filamentosa, 8 verticillata, Harv. in Lond. Journ. iii. p. 449. Spyridia Tasmanica, Kütz. Sp. Alg.! p. 666; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 342! (Tan. CXCI. 4.) Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H. Distris. Port Phillip, W. H. H. Frond 12-18 inches long, much branched and bushy. In external habit it strongly resembles Spyridia fila- mentosa, for a variety of which plant we once held it. The eystocarpic fruit, now first ascertained, is estad that of a Wrangelia; with no other recorded species of which genus has the present species much — KELATE CXCI. A. Fig. 1, a frond, the natural size; 2, frustule of a branch, with tetrasporiferous ramelli; 3, a ramellus with tetraspores; 4, frustule of a branch with a cystocarp; 5, spores and paranemata from the same; 6, a paranema :—the latter figures magnified. à; "beer IV. CORALLINEZ. Gen. LIX. AMPHIROA, Zr. (Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 294. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 95. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 529.) 1. Amphiroa charoides (Lamour.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 96. t. 39; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 539). Has. Sea-shores, common. DisrRiB. Australia. VOL. II. 4 K 310 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. 2. Amphiroa stelligera (Lamarck; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 96; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 539). Has. Common on Ampkibolis antaretica. DisrRrB. Australia. | 3. Amphiroa Wardii (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 99. t. 38).—Arthrocardia Wardii, Aresch. in J. 4g. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 551. Has. Five-mile Bluff, near Georgetown, R. Gunn. DrsrarB. South and east coasts of Australia. 4. Amphiroa (Cheilosporum) elegans (Hook. fil. et Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 101. t. 38; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 546). Has. Five-mile Bluff, Gunn. Disrris. Native of New Zealand and New South Wales. Gen. LX. CORALLINA, Lina. (Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 275. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 103. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 560.) 1. Corallina officinalis (Linn.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 104; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 222; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 562). Has. At Five-mile Bluff, and at Brown's River, R. Guna. Disrris. Native of the Northern and Southern Oceans. Gen. LXI. JANIA, Lamour. (Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 266. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 104. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 553.) l. Jania Cuvieri (Decne. ; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 105; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 572). Has. Rocky sea-shores. | Disrris. Native of New Holland and New Zealand. 2. Jania micrarthrodia (Lamour.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 107; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 555).—J. tenuissima, Sond. Harv. Ner. Austr. t. 40. Has. On Alga, in tide-pools, common. DisrRIB. Australia generally. Gen. LXII. MASTOPHORA, Dene. (Dene. An. Sc. Nat. 1842, vol. ii. p. 126. Harv. Ner. Austr. p.108. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 525.) l. Mastophora canaliculata (Harv.); fronde bi-triunciali flabelliformi fastigiata multipartita, segmentis digitato-multifidis, laciniis linearibus subtus canaliculatis lævibus rubris supra convexis trans- versim zonatis, apicibus parum dilatatis obtusis margine plano, ceramidiis infra apices dense aggregatis.— Mastophora, n. sp. ?, Harv. Alg. Aust. Exsie. n. 443. Haz. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Disrris. Coast of Victoria, at Port Fairy, W. H. H. Fronde 2-3 inches high, flabelliform and fastigiate, deeply cut into innumerable narrow-linear laciniæ, about _ A line or a line and a half in width, flat and somewhat midribbed in the lower portion of the frond, convex above and channelled on the lower surface in the upper portion. Principal segments 4 or 5, flabellato-digitate, multifid, their divisions irregularly di-, tri-, or polychotomous. .4pices not much expanded, blunt, with a flat margin. Colour Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 311 of both surfaces a deep dull-red. Conceptacles hemispherical, several closely clustered together near the tops of the branches. : ; This appears to be a distinctly-marked species. Gen. LXIII. MELOBESIA, Lamour. (Lamour. Cor. Flex. p. 313. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 109.—Melobesia et Lithothamnion, Auct. Aresch. in J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 519.) Several forms (we can hardly call them species) referable to this group occur on the rocky coasts, but they have not yet been carefully collected. The minute kinds, M. membranacea, M. farinosa, M. verrucata, M. pustulata, and M. Patena, are parasitical on several Alge, on Zostera, etc. Trise V. SPHEROCOCCOIDEE. Gen. LXIV. DELESSERIA, Lamour. (Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 71. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 114. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 677.—Hemineura, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 116. FI. N. Zeal. p. 240.) 1. Delesseria Lyallii (Hook. fil. et Harv.; Fl. Ant. ii. p. 471. t. 176; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 693; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 114). Has. In the Tamar, especially at Point Rapid. Disrris. Falkland Islands and Kerguelen’s Land. 2. Delesseria Tasmanica (F. Muell.); fronde costata foliis a costa prorumpentibus ramosa, foliolis lineari-oblongis basi et apice obtusis venis pellucidis a costa pinnatim abeuntibus notatis, cysto- carpiis sorisque tetrasporarum in sporophyllis propriis a costa exeuntibus evolutis. (Tas. CXC. B.) Haz. In the Tamar, at and above Georgetown. Also at Port Arthur. Primary fronds 1-2 inches long, half an inch wide, very obtuse at each end, membranous, entire, traversed by a strong, cylindrical midrib, the membrane marked with pellucid striæ running obliquely from the midrib to the margin. By continuous hypophyllous branching, the compound frond at length becomes 6-8 or 12 inches long, and as much in expansion, and is excessively branched and bushy, consisting of oblong, obtuse leaves similar to that of the primary frond. The leaves are frequently opposite. Colour a full carmine-lake. Substance membra- naceous, resisting the action of fresh-water. Both cystocarps and tetraspores are borne in minute accessory frondlets that spring from the midribs of the larger leaves. A handsome and well-marked species. It most resembles luxuriant specimens of p ruscifolia, but differs essentially from that species by the very different evolution of the fructification. The frond is m of a much firmer substance, and adheres less strongly to paper.—PraTE CXC. B. Fig. 1, a frond, the natural: size; 2, spore-leaf, with tetraspores; 3, a tetraspore; 4, spore-leaf with conceptacle; 5, section of eonceptacle:—the latter figures magnified. | 3. Delesseria crassinervia (Mont. Pól. Sud, p. 164. t. 8. f. 1; Harv. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 694). Haz. Sullivan's Cove, Dr. Zyall. Disrris. Antarctic Coasts and New Zealand. 4. Delesseria? Leprieurii (Mont. An. Sc. Nat. ii. Ser. xiii. p. 196. t. 5. f. 1; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 116; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 682; Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. 11. p. 98. t. 22 C). Haz. Abundant on tidal rocks near the mouth of the Tamar. Ner. Austr. p. 115; J. 312 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. DisrRrs. South coast of New Holland. New Zealand. Demerara. Estuaries of North American Rivers. Bonin Islands, near Japan, in /resh-water rivulets. . D. Delesseria endivisefolia (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 403; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 697; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 115). Has. Georgetown. DisrnrB. South coasts of New Holland. 6. Delesseria (Hemineura) frondosa (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 403; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 116. t. 45; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 689). Has. Abundant in the Tamar, etc. DisrarB. South coasts of New Holland. A most variable species, putting on a thousand different forms in different localities. Sometimes the frond is broadly-ovate, little divided, and merely crenate-lobed round the margin; sometimes the margin is excessively erisped, and deeply cut into innumerable crowded lobes. Sometimes the frond is narrow-linear, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid. The margin is sometimes quite entire, sometimes sharply serrate. Size, substance, and colour, are equally variable. Gen. LXV. NITOPHYLLUM, Grev. (Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 77. Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 118. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 651.) 1. Nitophyllum crispum (Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 868; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 662).—N. punctatum, Harv. in Lond. Journ. and Ner. Austr. p. 118. Has. Very abundant at and above Georgetown. DisrRiB. Coast of Victoria, rather rare. 2. Nitophyllum stipitatum; stipite anguste cuneato elongato costato in frondem roseam sub- palmatifidam abeunte, costis in basi segmentorum mox evanescentibus, segmentis latocuneatis profunde in- cisis v. semipartitis medio incrassatis, margine simplici, soris orbicularibus per totam frondem sparsis. Has. East coast, R. Gunn, Esq. | _ Stipes nearly an inch high, strongly ribbed, narrow, cuneate, widening into the base of a subpalmate frond, 2-4 inches in expansion. Segments of the frond costate at base, broadly cuneate, irregularly cleft. Sori scattered over the whole surface. 9. Nitophyllum Gunnianum (Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 403; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 120. t. 47; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 663). Has. Georgetown, common. Disrris. Heads of Port Phillip. The figure in Ner. Austr. is very incorrectly coloured. The frond, when fresh, is of a full, but rather dull- red colour. If dried without previous steeping in fresh-water, it becomes very dark and brown. 4. Nitophyllum affine (Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 447; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 657; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 119). Haz. Georgetown. DisrRrB. Coast of Victoria. | D. Nitophyllum multipartitum (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond, Journ. vi. p. 404; Harv. Ner. Austr. P. 121; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 664). : 3 Han, Georgetown. Brown's River, etc. Distrig. Coast of Victoria. Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 313 6. Nitophylium multinerve (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. iv, p. 255; Fl. Antarct. i. p. 473; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 119; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 666). Haz. Derwent, Mr. Oldfield. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrmim. Antarctic shores and New Zealand, Gen. LXVI. GRACILARIA, Grev. (Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 121. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 584.— Plocaria, Endl. 8rd Suppl. p. 50.) l. Gracilaria confervoides (Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 123; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 65; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 587).—Fucus confervoides, Turn. Hist. €. 84; E. Bot. t. 1668. Has. Georgetown. A depauperated variety in the rivulet of brackish water. DisrRis. Cosmopolitan. Gen. LXVII. MELANTHALIA, Mont. (Mont. An. Sc. Nat. 1843. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 784. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 611.) l. Melanthalia obtusata (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 614; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 25).—M. Billardieri, Mont. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 784. Fucus obtusatus, Labidl. Nov. Holl. t. 255; Turn. Hist. €. 145. B. in- termedia, Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 25. f. 2. M. abscissa, Hook. and Harv. in Lond. Journ. iv. p. 548 (excl. syn.). Haz. Northern coast, and islands in Bass's Straits. 8. Port Arthur, Dr. Jeannerett. Southport, C. Stuart. | DisrarB. South coast of Australia. Gen. LXVIII. DICRANEMA, Sond. (Sond. in Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 56. J. Ag. Sp. Aig. ii. p. 633.) 1. Dicranema Grevillii (Sond. in Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 56; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 634).—Gracilaria pumila, Grev. in Ed. Journ. iii. p. 338, eum ic. Has. Flinders’ Island, Dr. Milligan. 2. Dicranema? furcellatum (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 405; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 635). E Port Arthur, Dr. Jeannerett, Rev. Mr. Ewing, W. H. H. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Until the fruit of this plant shall have been found, the genus must remain doubtful The habit is that of a Dicranema, but the strueture of the frond does not exactly aceord with that of the other species. Gen. LXIX. PHACELOCARPUS, Endl. et Dies. (Endl. et Dies. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 290. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 646.—Clenodus, Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 407.) 1. Phacelocarpus Labillardieri (J. Ag. Sp- Alg. ii. p. 648).—Ctenodus Labillardieri, Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 407. t. 58. f. 25 Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. iv. 549. Fucus Labillardieri, Turn. Hist. t. 137. Has. Sea-shores, common. Disrr1B. West, south, and east coasts of Australia. New Zealand. lanatus (Harv.); fronde angusta plano-compressa immerse v. obsolete atisectis, lacinulis subulatis distichis, nematheciis rv. Alg., Austr. Exsicc. n. 306. 4 L 2. Phacelocarpus comp ehe costata decomposita, ramis ramulisque pectinatim pinn minutis hemisphzericis infra apices lacinularum sessilibus.— Ha VOL. I. - 314 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Has. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrrib. Coast of Victoria. ` More slender than P. Labillardieri, with flatter, less distinetly-ribbed branches, and readily known, when in fruit, by the position of the nemathecia, which are sessile near the tips of the marginal pectinate teeth or lacinula. The Tasmanian specimens are not so broad as those from Victoria, and are more deeply inciso-pectinate, but they perfectly agree in the more important characters of the fructification. Trise VI. SQUAMARIEZ. Gen. LXX. PEYSSONNELIA, Dene. (Dene. Pl. Arab. p. 168. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 38. Kütz. Phyc. p. 384. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 499.) 1. Peyssonnelia rubra (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 502).—Zonaria rubra, Grev. in Lin. Trans. 15. ii. p- 940. P. orbicularis, Kútz. Phyc. p. 385. Has. On stones: at Georgetown. Distrrs. Mediterranean. Pacific Ocean. I have ventured to refer the Van Diemen's Land specimens to P. rubra, a species of the Mediterranean, from which perhaps a more accurate examination of authentic specimens would separate them. The general habit of our Tasmanian species is that of .P. rubra, but the size is greater, and the substanee less thin and delicate. I also found this plant at Rottnest Island, W. Australia, and in Port Jackson, and have received it from the coast of Vic- toria, from Dr. Curdie. It is very distinct from P. australis, Sond., and P. Nove-Hollandie, Kütz. 2. Peyssonnelia australis (Sond.) ; “ frondibus aggregatis basi adnatis estipitatis coriaceis coccineo- purpureis (demum virescentibus) integris vel obtuse sublobatis obsolete zonatis subtus pallidis radiculis tenuissimis tomentosis versus marginem glabris, verrucis fruetiferis sparsis (non zonatim dispositis) pur- pureis.”—Sond. in Linn. xxv. p. 685 ; Harv. Alg. Austr. Éxsicc. n. 328! Harv. Phye. Austr. t. 81. Has. Tasmania, C. Stuart. DisrRrB. Native of the coast of Victoria, Y. Mueller, W. H. H. Fronds 4 inches long and 5 inches wide, thick and coriaceous, flabelliform, either undivided or cut into two or three shallow lobes, emitting from the under-surface, toward the base, several scattered, stout roots, and densely elothed over the greater part of the inferior surface with a pale-brown or fulvous tomentum. A broad, glabrous margin extends round the frond beneath the apices of the lobes. The upper surface is smooth, and marked with concentric zones; the margin thin, and frequently revolute. The colour is a deep blood-red, darker toward the base. The substance of the frond is singularly thick and leathery. Triss VII. GELIDIACEA. Gen. LXXI. GELIDIUM, Lamour. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. ii. p. 466. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 243.) l. Gelidium corneum (Lamour ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 53; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 469; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 764).—Fucus corneus, Turn. Hist. t. 257. ... Has. On tidal rocks. | Dism. Cosmopolitan. | We ye not seen any specimens of the ordinary form, but the varieties cespifosa and erinalis are common on stones between tide-marks, at Port Arthur, and probably in other suitable localities. D Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 315 2. Gelidium asperum (Grev.; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 475; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 475). Han. Georgetown, Gunn. Distris. South coast of Australia. 3. Gelidium glandulefolium (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 406 ; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 474; Kütz. Sp. Alg. 766; Phyc. Austr. t. 18). Has. At Circular Head, Mrs. Smith. Georgetown, W. H. H. Disreıs. South coast of Australia, Gen. LXXII. NIZYMENIA, Sond. (Sond. in Linn. xxvi. p. 520.) 1. N. australis (Sond. l. c.). Has. Southport, C. Stuart. DisraiB. Wilson's Promontory, Dr. Mueller. Port Phillip Heads, W. H. H. Root a large, expanded, fleshy disc. Stems many from the same base, 4-6 inches high, about 1j line in breadth, compressed and thickened below, flattening upwards, much branched in an irregularly pinnate, twice or thrice decompound order. Pinne and pinnule patent, opposite or scattered, linear, obtuse, much constricted at their insertion as if stalked; the smaller ones resembling leaflets. -4pices either rounded and very obtuse, or minutely notched. . Margin quite entire and flat. Colour a fine clear red, becoming brighter in fresh-water. Substance rigid when dry, tough, coriaceo-corneous. Structure very dense; the medullary structure composed of closely-interlaced filaments occupying three-fourths of the breadth; the intermediate cells rather small.—In distributing my Austra- lian Alge, several specimens of this plant were inadvertently sent out under n. 885, as “ Areschougia conferta." The plant originally so named by me is different, and a true Areschougia. The present plant bears a striking ex- ternal resemblance to it, but is broader, more regularly pinnate, and destitute of costa, and the internal structure quite different. I have not seen the fruit, which is described by Sonder in the memoir above quoted. Gen. LXXIII. HYPNEA, Lamour. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 438. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 758.) 1. Hypnea seticulosa (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 446).—H. charoides, Sond. Hook. fil. et Harv. Alg. Tasm. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 406. Haz. Georgetown, R. Gunn, W. H. H., etc. Distri. Coasts of Australia, Japan, China, and the Pacific Islands. 2. Hypnea episcopalis (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 406; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 443). Has. Georgetown and Port Arthur. i DisrnrB. West and south coasts of Australia. 3. Hypnea planicaulis (Harv.); fronde latolineari plana subdistiche ramosissima decomposite pinnata, ramis majoribus applanatis seticulosis crebre bi-tripinnatis, pinnis pinnulisque gracilibus paten- tibus subulatis acutis nunc apice incrassatis cirrhoso-hamatis, cystocarpiis globosis inflatis ad latera pinnu- larum sessilibus.—Harv. Alg. Basic. n. 342. : Has. Georgetown. Disrurs. South coast of New Holland. = Fronds densely tufted, 8-12 inches high, and as much in expansion, — ——P— in a pretty regularly distichous pinnate order. Main stem quite flat, one to two lines in breadth, having several lateral similar 316 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. branches, which like it are densely bristled with short, spinelike ramuli. The main branches are three or four times pinnate; the pinnæ 1-2 inches long, compressed, 4— line in diameter, tapering to the apex, and closely set with subulate pinnule, which are often again pinnulate. As in all the genus, some of the pinnul are lengthened out into cirrhous branches, thickened and hooked at the end. The colour is a full-red, becoming bright-scarlet on steeping in fresh-water. The substance is soft, and the plant adheres firmly to paper in drying. The cystocarps are globose, of large size, and scattered on the pinnules. This appears to us to be a strongly-marked species, readily distinguished by its flattened stem. It is more abundant at Western Port and on the coast of Victoria than in Tasmania. i Gen. LXXIV. SOLIERIA, J. 4g. (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 156. Endi. 3rd Suppl. p. 53. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 748. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 721.) l. Solieria australis (Harv.) ; fronde dendroidea (1-2-pedali) robusta decomposite ramosissima, ramis alternis sparsisve approximatis pluries alterne compositis, ramulis ultimis linearibus acutis basi atte- nuatis, cystocarpiis in ramulis semi-immersis.—Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 552; Harv. Aig. Ersic. n. 346. Has. Georgetown. Distris. Western Australia. Much larger in all its parts and more branching than 8. chordalis, with less tapering branches, and a firmer and more fleshy substance. The Georgetown specimens are still larger than those from Western Australia. Teıse VIII. CHAETANGIEZ. Gen. LXXV. CHAETANGIUM, Kütz. (Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. p. 392. Sp. Alg. p. 792. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 458. Nothogenia, Mont. An. Sc. Nat. 1843, p. 303.) 1. Chzetangium? (Nothogenia ?) flabellatum (Harv.) ; fronde cartilagineo-cornea lucida rubra angustissime lineari compressa regulariter dichotoma fastigiata, segmentis patentibus flabellatim expansis pluries furcatis, apicibus obtusis. Has. Port Arthur, W. H. H. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Root scutate. Fronds densely tufted, 2-3 inches high, fastigiate, many times dichotomous, the lower forkings distant, the upper closely approximated ; the ultimate segments sometimes short, sometimes lengthened out and filiform, always obtuse. The frond is strongly compressed, almost flattened, but very narrow, not more than 4 line in breadth. The colour is rather a bright purplish-red, and the surface somewhat shining. The substance is very similar to that of Gelidium corneum or cartilagineum. No fruit seen, and the genus therefore doubtful.—The in- ternal structure of the frond is very similar to that of Chatangium variolosum, which also agrees with our plant in ramification ; but our plant is much narrower, of a brighter colour, and more horny substance. 2 Chetangium? Lingula (Harv.); fronde pusilla simplici vel semel furcata plana lanceolata car- tilagineo-cornea siccitate rigida basi et apice attenuata obtusa, strato interiore filorum laxiore, peripherico densissimo, cystocarpiis numerosis per frondem sparsis. Has. On rocks: Brown’s River, Gunn. Fronds tufted, an inch or two high, about two lines broad, flat, lanceolate, either quite simple or once forked, E rigid when dry, tapering to each end, the apex blunt. The interior stratum of the frond is much more lax than in other species of the genus, and the exterior stratum more dense. The structure of the cystocarp is that of Chetangium.—Our specimens are covered with fruit, and therefore, we suppose, full-grown. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 317 Gen. LXXVI. ACROTYLUS, J. 4g. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. vol. ii. p. 192.) 1. Acrotylus australis (J. Ag. Sp. Alg: ii. p. 193; Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 330; Phyc. Austr. t. 99). Ha». Tasmania, C. Stuart. This plant has got the eystocarpic fruit of a Chetangium, to which genus the present is closely allied in habit, but has a somewhat different cellular arrangement. The two genera might be united without much violence, Tribe IX. HELMINTHOCLADIEE. Gen. LXXVII. SCINAIA, Bivona. (J. Ag. Sp. Ale, ii. p. 420.—Ginannia, Mont. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 69.) 1. Scinaia furcellata (Bivon.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 422). —Ginannia furcellata, Mont. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 69; Lond. Journ. vi. p. 407. Ulva furcellata, E. Bot. t. 1881. Has. Georgetown, rare, R. Gunn. Derwent, Oldfield. Distrip. Native of temperate and subtropical seas, north and south. Gen. LXXVIII. LIAGORA, Lamour. (Lamour. Polyp. Flex. p. 235. Endl. 3rd. Suppl. p.22. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 537. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 424.) l. Liagora viscida (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 395; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 425).—Fucus viscidus?, Turn. Hist. t. 119 (exel. syn.). | | Has. Georgetown, common. Drzsrnrs. Mediterranean Sea. Also in the tropical oceans, east and west. Gen. LXXIX. GALAXAURA, Lamour. (Lamour. Polyp. Flex. p. 259. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 529.) ]. Galaxaura obtusata (Lamour. Pol. Flex. p. 262; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 529). Has. Tasmania, Herb. Greville. Disrrıg. Tropical and subtropical seas. Tees X. RHODYMENIACEE. Gen. LXXX. PLOCAMIUM, Zamour. (Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 121. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 392. —Thamnophora, Ag.) 1. Plocamium coccineum (Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. 39. t. 9; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 44; Fl. Antaret. i. p. 186, and ii. p. 474; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 245; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. $95).—Fucus coccineus, Turn. Hist. 1.59; E. Bot. t. 1242. Var. B. flexuosum, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 124. t. 43. Haz. Sea-shores. 9. In the Tamar, above Georgetown. DisrarB. The common form is cosmopolitan. Our var. ß, called by Tasmanian collectors “the lace-pattern,” is a very remarkable and beautiful form of the species, not found anywhere else that we are aware of than at Georgetown. It forms large globose tufts, the fronds lying one on another like the leaves of a book. The branching is pretty regularly dichotomous and fastigiate, the VOL. II. 4M 318 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. branches elegantly flexuous throughout, and closely fringed with very slender, pectinate ramuli. No fruit has been seen. The aspect of this variety is very peculiar, but we can detect no character sufficient to distinguish it from P. coccineum, the ordinary form of which species is common on the coast. 2. Plocamium angustum (J. Ag.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 122; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 885; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 402). Has. Sea-shores, common. : Disrris. Australia and New Zealand. 3. Plocamium costatum (J. Ag.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 122; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 886; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 403). Has. Mouth of the Tamar. DisrarB. Australia and New Zealand. 4. Plocamium procerum (J. Ag.; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 122; Kútz. Sp. Alg. 886; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 400). Has. Georgetown and Port Arthur. Disrris. Australia. Gen. LXXXI, HYMENOCLADIA, J. 45. (J; Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 772.) l. Hymenocladia Usnea (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 772).—Fucus Usnea, Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 225. Has. Kent Island, R. Brown. Flinders’ Island, Milligan. Disrrib. South shores of Australia. Gen. LXXXII. RHODOPHYLLIS, Kütz. (Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 786. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 387.—Stictophyllum, Kütz.) l. Rhodophyllis Gunnii (Harv. in Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 247).—Cladhymenia? Gunnii, Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 540 ; Ner. Austr. p. 81. t. 92.—Callophyllis Gunnii, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 746. Euthora Gunnii, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 386. Has. Abundant at Georgetown. DrsrarB. New Holland and New Zealand. 2. Rhodophyllis membranacea (Harv. in Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 247. t. 117).—Halymenia ? membra- nacea, Haro. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 448. Rhodymenia membranacea, Harv. 1. e. vi. p. 405. — Sticto- phyllum membranaceum, Kütz, Sp. Aig. p. 814. Euthora membranacea, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 385. Rho- dymenia fimbriata, Hook. Jil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 405. Has. Georgetown, abundant. Disrris. New Holland and New Zealand. À very variable species, to which we now reduce our R. Jimbriata, founded on a very broad, delicately fringed form, extremely different in aspect from the ordinary form, as figured in the Flora of New Zealand. Having had the opportunity of collecting this plant abundantly in its various localities, we have succeeded in uniting together many forms, which, if seen in isolated specimens, would pass for so many species. Sometimes the frond is not more than a line wide, and very much divided; sometimes it is nearly an inch in breadth, and but little branched. Some of the wider forms approach R, Gunnii, but are to be distinguished by the more ragged habit, and the eilüferous or foliiferous margin, and acute points of all the lesser segments, ete. 3. Rhodophyllis multipartita (Harv.); fronde membranacea lineari decomposite dichotoma vix Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 319 fastigiata, axillis rotundatis, ramis patentibus dichotomo-multifidis, minoribus subalterne furcatis, margine integerrimo, apicibus angustatis subacutis, cystocarpiis marginalibus, tetrasporis in segmentis ultimis dis- persis.— Harv. Alg. Ersic. n. 910. Has. Port Arthur, Lyall, W. H. H. East coast, R. Gunn. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrris. Port Fairy, Victoria. Frond 12 inches or more in length, and as much in the expansion of the branches, membranaceous, 1-2 lines in breadth in most of the branches and lesser divisions, excessively divided in a partly pinnated, partly dichotomous manner. The order of branching is primarily dichotomous, but by frequent suppression of one of the furcations the branches appear pinnated, with dichotomo-multifid lesser branches. All the azils are remarkably rounded. The frond in most places preserves a uniform breadth, but in some specimens it is twice as broad as in others. The margin is always free from lobes or cilia, and quite entire and flat. The apices are not remarkably acute. The colour is a very full, deep dark-red. Cystocarps are borne plentifully on the margin of the smaller lacinim, and tetraspores scattered through the substance of the ultimate divisions. The habit is not unlike that of some narrow specimens of Gracilaria multipartita. Gen. LXXXIII. STENOGRAMME, Harv. (Harv. Beech. Voy. p. 408. Phyc. Brit. t. 157. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 873. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 390.) l. Stenogramme interrupta (Mont.; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 157 ; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 873; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 391).—5. Californica, Harv. in Beechey, p. 409. Delesseria interrupta, Ag. Syst. p. 250. Has. Georgetown, not common. Disrgis. New Zealand, Spaiz, south of England and Ireland, Keys of Florida, and California. Gen. LXXXIV. RHODYMENIA, Grev. (Grey. Alg. Brit. p. 84. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 375.) 1. Rhodymenia corallina (Grev.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 379).—Spherococcus corallinus, Bory, Voy. Coq. p. 115. t. 16. Has. Georgetown, R. Gunn. Distris. New Zealand, and west coast of South America. 2. Rhodymenia (Acropeltis) phyllophora (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. Haz. Port Arthur, Jeannerett. Tasmania, C. Stuart. 3. Rhodymenia polymorpha (Harv.) ; stipite brevi mox in basi frondis explanato, fronde dilute rubra latissima oblongo-ovata polymorpha nunc subsimplici margine foliifera, nunc in lacinias plures lan- ceolatas fissa, laciniis nunc simplicibus nunc margine foliiferis v. varie inciso-partitis, cystocarpiis numero- sissimis per totam frondem dispersis.—Harv. Aly. Essie. n. 383. Has. Georgetown. Distris. New Holland. Frond 1 or 2 feet long, its divisions 9-4 inches wide, membranaceous, very variable in form and division. Sometimes the frond is broadly ovate, and either simple or but once cleft; sometimes it is divided into numerous throw off marginal lobes. The margin is frequently erose, and the vi. p. 407). lanceolate segments, or the principal segments membrane in age pierced with irregular holes. The colour varies from a dull purplish-red to a pale brownish-red. the whole surface. —It is nearly allied to R. sanguinea prominent, and scattered on of Western North America. The habit of some specimens is that of an Iridea. basi frondis desinente, fronde lato-cuneata Conceptacles are very numerous, of New Zealand, and to R. pertusa 4. Rhodymenia cuneata (Harv.) ; stipite brevi mox in 320 FLORA OF TASMANIA. | Aige, by W. H. Harvey subpalmatifida dilute rubra membranacea, margine simplici, cystocarpiis numerosissimis per totam frondem sparsis. Han. East coast, R. Gunn. Fronds tufted, on a short filiform stipes, broadly cuneate, 4-6 inches long and 3-4 wide, vertically cleft in a subpalmate manner, the margin flat and without lobes. Substance membranaceous, thin. Colour a fugacious red, changing to greenish. Cystocarps very numerous.— We have seen but few specimens, hardly sufficient to establish the species, and yet we do not know to what other species to refer them. They do not accord with any state of R. polymorpha, aud yet they approach that species, especially in the fructified specimens. In external habit there is a near resemblance to some forms of R. palmata, but the structure and colour are different. Treier XI. CRYPTONEMIACEZ. Gen. LXXXV. DASYPHL(EA, Mont. (Mont. Prod. Phyc. Ant. p. 8. Voy. Pôl. Sud, p. 100. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 757. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 215.) l. Dasyphlea Tasmanica (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 406; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 216; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 115). Has. Georgetown, rare, Mrs. Smith. DrsrRIB. South coast of Australia, Curdie, W. H. H. Gen. LXXXVI. GULSONIA, Haro. (Harv. in Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 334.) Frons gelatinoso-membranacea, teres, nodoso-annulata, decomposite ramosa, ex tubo centrali amplo articulato monosiphonio filis anastomosantibus longitudinalibus laxe circumdato, et filis horizontalibus ex- /currentibus dichotomis fastigiatis muco hyalino firmiori inclusis constituta. Fructus . 1. Gulsonia annulata (Harv, l. c. p. 334). (Tas. CXCIII. A.) Has. Georgetown, rare, W. H. H. Distris. Western Port, Victoria. Fronds densely tufted, 6-8 inches long, decompoundly much branched; the branches and their divisions and ramuli irregularly scattered, all tapering to the base and apex, and all annularly constricted at short intervals; the nodes swollen and deeply coloured ; the internodes pale, like very narrow transverse rings. A cross section shows a very large central tube, surrounded by a narrow stratum of longitudinal filaments, from which radiate toward the circumference dichotomous, callithamnoid, fastigiate filaments, whose branches are separated by pellucid jelly of firm consistence, a layer of which also forms a pellucid envelope of the branch. A longitudinal section shows that the central tube is septate, the septa at intervals of 7 or 8 diameters apart, and that the longitudinal filaments anasto- mose into a laxly netted, filamentous sheath, enclosing the central tube. The filaments of the periphery are thrown: off irregularly from the outer face of the sheath. Colour a fine pinky-red, given out in fresh-water. Substance very soft.— Until the fruit shall be discovered, the position of this genus must be doubtful. At present I am disposed to think it allied to Catenella. It may also be compared with Gloiopeltis, Endocladia, and Gattya.—Pıarz CXCIII. A. Fig. 1, a frond, nat. size; 2, transverse semisection ; 9, peripheric filaments; 4, longitudinal section :—the latter figures magnified. Gen. LXXXVII. ARESCHOUGIA, Harr. d (Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 554.) Frons linearis, compressa, immerse costata, distiche ramosissima, e filo centrali articulato et stratis Alga, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 321 tribus cellularum constituta; stratum medullare e filis articulatis longitudinalibus anastomosantibus laxe intertextis, intermedium cellulis rotundis majusculis pluriseriatis, cor/ica/e cellulis minimis verticalibus formatum. Cystocarpia fronde immersa, inter fila strati intermedii suspensa, reticulo filorum velata, carpostomio demum aperta, fila sporifera a placenta centrali emissa continentia ; spore subrotunde, seriate. l. Areschougia Laurencia (Harv. Le p. 554).— Thamnocarpus? Laurencia, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 409. Has. Georgetown, abundant. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrris. West and south coasts of Australia. This plant has the habit of a Rkabdonia, but is more firm in texture, and essentially differs in structure by having a central articulated filament or axis, of larger diameter than that of the longitudinal filaments composing the medullary stratum. 2. Areschougia Stuartii (Harv.); fronde plano-compressa dense ramosa decomposito-pinnata, pinnis basi et apice angustatis, pinnulis fere lanceolatis utrinque acutis erecto-patentibus cystocarpia im- mersa gerentibus. — Hae. Southport, C. Stuart. Frond distichously much branched in a subpinnate manner, and repeatedly compound, 3-6 inches long, and as much in the expansion of the branches; the branches and pinnze close together, erecto-patent, narrow-linear, nearly ` flat, with an evident immersed costa tapering to the base and apex, the lesser ones with an acute point, and nearly lanceolate in form. The lower part of the stem and larger branches is thickened. Colour a bright-red, becoming scarlet in fresh-water. Cysfocarps minute, immersed in the substance of the lanceolate leaves, one or two in each lamina. The medullary stratum of the frond is very lax.— Nearly related to 4. australis, but narrower, more densely branched, with a much laxer internal structure, the filaments composing the medullary stratum being few, and standing far apart from each other. It has more the habit of 4. conferta, but its structure is even more diffe- rent. From all forms of 4. Laurencia it may be known by its flatness, Gen. LXXXVIII. RHABDONIA, Harv. (Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 408. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 723. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 353.) 1. Rhabdonia coccinea (Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 408; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 723; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 354; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 54).— Chrysymenia coccinea, Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 448. Has. Georgetown, Gunn. Disrris. Port Phillip. 2. Rhabdonia nigrescens (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 409; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 354). Has. Georgetown, Gunn. Drsrmrs. South coast of New Holland. I fear I have led my friend Sonder into error by distributing to him a wrongly marked specimen of one or other of these nearly allied, but, as I still think, distinct species. C. coccinea is of a much softer substance, and becomes of a brilliant crimson colour when steeped in fresh-water. C. nigrescens is rigid, very imperfectly adheres to paper, and is always of a dull, dark, brownish-red colour, even after exposure to fresh-water. " have collected both species abundantly, and can always distinguish them when growing. C. coccinea has a more evident stem, and tts branching is somewhat pyramidal: C. nigrescens is bushy, branched from the base. VOL. II. 4N 322 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Gen. LXXXIX. ERYTHROCLONIUM, Sond. (Sond. in Linnea, xxv. p. 691.) l. Erythroclonium Muelleri (Sond. l.c. p. 692).— Rhabdonia? verticillata, Harv. im Herb. T.C.D. : Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. DrsrarB. South coast of New Holland. The Georgetown specimens are very much larger than those from New Holland, but do not appear specifically different. Gen. XC. GLOIOSACCION, Zarv. (nov. gen.) Frons sacciformis, succo gelatinoso repleta, membranacea, ex stratis fere tribus conflata; stratwm me- dullare cellulis maximis gelatinosis cito ruptis, intermedium cellulis rotundato-angulatis coloratis, corticale cellulis minimis in fila vertioalia ordinatis. Fruct.: 1, favellidia globosa in strato intermedio immersa, nucleolis pluribus demum confluentibus composita; 2, fefraspore . . .? 1. Gloiosaccion Brownii (Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 88).—Halosaccion firmum ef H. hydrophora, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsie. n. 419, 420 (nec aliorum). Fucus allantoides, R. Br. MSS. ? in Turn. Hist. iv. p. 105. Var. a. membranaceum ; fronde sanguinea, membranacea.— Harv. Aly. Exsic. n. 419. Var. 8. coriacea ; fronde livido-purpurea, coriacea.—Harv. d c. n. 420. Has. Var. a. Georgetown, JF. H. H. DisrarB, Both vars. at Fremantle, West Australia. Var. a. Port Phillip. I formerly mistook this plant for Halosaccion, a genus founded on Fucus saccatus, Turn., to which externally it bears the closest resemblance. The substance, structure, and contents are however very different. I now suppose it may be the plant alluded to by Turner, in his remarks under F. saccatus, as having been brought from Australia by Mr. Brown, and characterized by being filled with pellucid jelly. | Gen. XCI. GYMNOGONGRUS, Mart. (Mart. Bras. p. 27, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 313.—Zylocarpus, Oncotylus, ete., Kütz.) l. Gymnogongrus fastigiatus (Harv.); fronde pusilla filiformi vel parum compressa dichotome ramosissima fastigiata flabelliformi, ramis ramulisque densis apice attenuatis subacutis, axillis obtusis, cysto- carpiis infra apices ramulorum nodoso-incrassatis immersis circumcirca prominentibus. Has. Granite rocks at half-tide: Forester’s River, Gunn. Fronds forming dense pulvinate tufts, from 1-13 inch high, about as thick as hog’s-bristle, filiform or subcom- pressed, rising with a simple stipes for half an inch, then forked, and afterwards many times dichotomous, the upper divisions being close together. All the branches are suberect, but the axils are rounded, though narrow. The ultimate ramuli taper slightly to the point, and are all of one height. — Cystocarps either solitary or two or three in succession, immersed in the terminal ramuli.—In habit and size this species resembles G. densus and G. pygmaus. ?. Gymnogongrus furcellatus (?) (Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 318).—Spherococcus furcellatus, Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 131. Haz. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrrib. New Zealand. Pacific coasts of South America. The specimens are not very satisfactory. They are more slender than the ordinary form, and less compressed, but scarcely specifically different. Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 323 Gen. XCII. MYCHODEA, Harv. (Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 407. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 723.—Cystoclonii sp., J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 306.) 1, Mychodea carnosa (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 408; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 723).— Cystoclonium carnosum, J. Ag. ii. p. 309. Has. Georgetown. DrsrRrB. South coast of New Holland. 2. Mychodea membranacea (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 408; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 723). —Cystoclonium membranaceum, J. Ag. ü. p. 309. Has. Georgetown. Disrris. South coast of New Holland. 3. Mycbodea terminalis (Harv.); fronde tereti carnoso-membranacea decomposite ramosissima, ramis patentibus alternis sparsisve multifidis v. subdichotome divisis flexuosis, axillis rotundatis, ramulis subulatis simplicibus v. divisis, cystocarpiis ramulos (fere omnes) terminantibus. — Harv. Alg. Ersic. a. 413. Haz. Above Georgetown, in the Tamar, Gunn, W. H. H. I formerly confounded this species with M. membranacea, and have perhaps distributed it sometimes under that name. Except when in fruit, it is not always easy to distinguish between them without elose examination. The position of the cystocarps affords however a satisfactory character, as in M. membranacea they are sessile along the sides of the larger and smaller branches. It is a more slender and diffusely branched plant, with less of a pri- mary stem than M. membranacea. 4. Mychodea disticha (Harv.); fronde lato-lineari ancipiti carnoso-cartilaginea distiche ramosa, nune subdichotoma, nune caule subindiviso ramis lateralibus alternis v. oppositis, ramis simplicibus v. iterum compositis ligulatis basi constrictis obtusis, ramulis minutis creberrimis marginalibus nunc longiori- bus ligulatis, cystocarpiis in ramulis immersis.—Harv. A/g. Ersic. Aust. n. 416. (Tas. CXCII. A.) Haz. East coast, Gunn. Frond 10-12 inches high, about a line in breadth, strongly compressed and two-edged, distichously branched, the main stem either twice or thrice forked, or nearly simple, and set with numerous long, strap-shaped, simple or slightly divided branches, which are patent or suberect, constricted at their insertion, and slightly narrowed to the point. The dranches and their minor divisions are closely fringed with short compressed ramuli, 2—4 lines long, occasionally intermixed with others of greater length. Cysfocarps are imbedded in the tips of the ramuli. Colour, when dry, very dark. Substance rigid, very imperfectly adhering to paper.—In habit this plant more resembles Prionitis, but the structure of both frond and eystocarp is that of Mychodea.—PLATE CXCII. A. Fig. 1, a frond, nat. size; 2, ramulus, with cystocarp; 3, section of eystocarp; 4, section of frond :—the latter figures magnified. 5. Mychodea hamata (Harv.) ; fronde carnoso-membranacea compressa siccitate rugulosa caespitosa a basi ramosissima, ramis dichotome multifidis basi et apice attenuatis nunc nudis nunc ramulis lateralibus plus minus onustis, axillis omnibus rotundatis, ramulis lateralibus patentibus v. divaricatis seepissime re- flexo-hamatis acutis, cystocarpiis ad latera ramorum sessilibus cornutis.—Harv. Alg. Exsic. Austr. n. 415. Has. Georgetown and Port Arthur. DrsrarB. South coast of New Holland. This forms large, loosely interwoven, globose tufts, on stones and Alge, near low-water mark, at the mouth of the Tamar. The tufts spring from matted, branching root-fronds. The erect fronds are 6-8 inches long, angularly compressed, about a line in diameter, rather succulent when recent, shrinking in drying, and becoming furrowed ; 324 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. they taper to the base and apex, and are pretty regularly dichotomous, with more or less intermixture of lateral branches. The axils are all rounded, the apices attenuated and acute. Sometimes there are few or no lateral ra- muli; in other specimens they are numerous, and frequently strongly hooked backwards, or converted into clasping tendrils. The cystocarps are sessile on the branches, and mostly tipped with a strong subulate horn. The colour is a dark brown-red. The substance is firm, and the plant imperfectly adheres to paper in drying. Gen. XCIII. POLYCCELIA, J. Ay. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 305.) 1. Polyccelia fastigiata (Harv.) ; fronde gelatinoso-membranacea tenui subflabelliformi dichotome fissa v. multipartita, laciniis cuneatis apice attenuatis fastigiatis, cystocarpiis per totam frondem sparsis.— Callophyllis fastigiata, Harv. Alg. Ersic. n. 407. (Tas. CXCII. B.) Has. At the mouth of the Tamar, W. F. H. | Fronds 6-8 inches long, and as much in the expansion of the lacinize, foliaceous, deeply divided in a dichoto- mous manner, sometimes rather irregularly multifid, the segments cuneate, from half an inch to an inch in breadth, the terminal lacinize gradually narrower, the apices subacute and fastigiate. Colour a rather pale rose-red, occasion- ally deeper. Suöstance very soft, somewhat gelatinous on the surface. The plant closely adheres to paper. The eystocarps, which are densely scattered over the frond, resemble those of a Callophyllis in structure.—The structure of the frond agrees with Agardh's description of that of his Polycelia laciniata, a plant from Western Australia, unknown to me, but which perhaps may be specifically as well as generically identical with what is now described. Not having seen a specimen of the West Australian plant, I think it best, for the present, to give a name to the Tasmanian. I recently distributed it as a Callophyllis, having placed it, without examination, in that genus from its strong external resemblance to C. discigera.—Parg CXCII. B. Fig. 1, a frond, nat. size; 2, section through frond and imbedded eystocarp; 3, a tetraspore :—the latter figures magnified. 7 Gen. XCIV. CALLOPHYLLIS, Kfz. (Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 400. Sp. Alg. p. 744. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 296.—Rhodymenie sp., Auct.) 1. Callophyllis Lamberti (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 405; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 1. p. 300). —Chondrococeus Lamberti, Käte. Sp. Alg. P. 192 (in part). Rhodocladia Lamberti, Sond. Fu- cus Lamberti, Turn. Hist. t. 237. Has. Georgetown. DisrnrB. South coast of New Holland. 2. Callophyllis coccinea (Harv. in Lond, Journ. vi. p. 405; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 746; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 301).—Spheerococcus australis, Harv, Lond. Journ. iii. p. 445. Has. Georgetown, abundant. Disrris. Common on the south coast of New Holland. | Gen. XCV. KALLYMENIA, J. 4g. (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 98. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 13, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 284.) l. Kallymenia cribrosa (Harv.) ; stipite brevi in frondem maximam simplicem v. bipartitam ro- tundato-reniformem ampliato, lamina basi cordata gelatinoso-membranacea foraminibus circularibus crebris pertusa, cystocarpiis sparsis.—Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 555; Phyc. Austr. t. 18. Has. East coast, very rare, Guan. Georgetown, Fereday. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 325 Disrris. Western Australia. Port Phillip Heads. A beautiful species, elegantly perforated like an 4garum. I first found it in Western Australia, and afterwards collected it in greater plenty at Port Phillip Heads. It appears to be of very rare occurrence in Tasmania. (Local name, ** The Holy Coat.”) 2. Kallymenia Tasmanica (Harv. MSS.). Has. Georgetown, JF. H. H. Fragments of a Kallymenia of large size, resembling X. Harveyana, are not uncommon at Georgetown, but I have as yet seen no specimen sufficiently perfect to enable me to characterize the species. One of my specimens is 18 inches broad, about 12 inches long, broadly foliaceous, lobed and lacerate at the margin; another, of somewhat smaller size, is deeply laciniate, and divided into numerous narrow lobes and segments. There seems to be no very definite outline. "There is a short stipes, soon widening into the cuneate base of the frond. The colour is a deep crimson. The substance is soft, and the plant adheres firmly to paper. Gen. XCVI. GIGARTINA, Lamour. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 260. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 174.) l. Gigartina livida (Grev.; Hook. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 407; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 270.) —Fucus lividus, Zurn. Hist. t. 254, e Has. Sandy Cove, Dr. Lyall and Dr. Hooker. 2. Gigartina pinnata (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 270; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 68). Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. DistrIB. Port Phillip Heads. A very fine species, sometimes 18 inches long, three or four times pinnate. 3. Gigartina flabellata (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 265). Has. Georgetown. Distris. South coast of Australia. 4. Gigartina chondroides (Hook. fil. et Harv.) ; livida, fronde stipitata apice flabellatim ramosa disticha cartilaginea, ramis plano-compressis linearibus basi cuneatis pluries dichotomis patentibus fasti- giatis, axillis latissime rotundatis, apicibus obtusis.—Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 407. Has. Sandy Bay, Dr. Zyall. | I have no specimen of this plant, which was described some years ago from a specimen in Herb. Hooker, which I have not recently seen. It may possibly be referable to G. flabellata. 5. Gigartina ancistroclada (Mont. Pôl. Sud, p. 121. t. 7. f. 4; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 751; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 272). Has. Brown's River, Gunn. Distris. New Zealand. 6. Gigartina brachiata (Harv.) ; fronde ancipiti lineari decomposite ramosissima, ramis distichis patentibus v. divaricatis flexuosis pluries laxe v. densius pinnatis, pinnis simplicibus v. iterum pinnatis patentissimis, ramulis subulatis horizontalibus, cystocarpiis sessilibus.— Harv. Alg. Austr. Ersic. 397. Haz. On stones, near low-water mark, opposite Georgetown, W. H. H. Fronds 3-4 inches high, scarcely a line in diameter, strongly compressed, two-edged, excessively branched in a repeatedly, but very irregularly, pinnate manner; all the branches and their divisions distichous, and very patent or divaricate. In young specimens the ramuli are strictly subulate, but in older examples they are frequently fili- VOL. II. "" 326 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. form. The substance is firmly cartilaginous, and the plant very imperfectly adheres to paper. Colour a livid brownish-purple.—The imperfect specimens referred to @. acicularis in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 407, probably belong to this species, which is most nearly related to G. Teedii. 7. Gigartina? lanceolata (Harv.); fronde e stipite brevi vix canaliculato oriente plana carnosa lanceolata v. obovata simplici v. in frondes plures consimiles partita, margine nuda v. sepius plus minus pinnato-ciliata, ciliis subulatis horizontalibus. Has. Georgetown, Gunn. The specimens are not mature, and without fruit. It is possible, therefore, either that our plant may be an Iridea, or some form of the protean.@. radula. The fronds are about 6 inches long, an inch or inch and half in width, tapering much to the base, and either obtuse or acute at the apex. The margin in many is copiously fur- nished with horizontal fringing processes 2 or 3 lines long, and about 4 line in breadth: other specimens are quite bare. We have seen one or two instances of cilia rising from the disc, showing affinity with G. radula. The structure of the frond is that of Gigartina. Gen. XCVII. IRIDMA, Bory. (Bory, Coq. p. 103 (excl. sp.). J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 250. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 178.) 1. Iridzea micans? (Bory, Coq. p. 110. t. 13 et 13 bis. J. Ag. Sp. Ale ii. p. 254). Has. Sandy Cove, Dr. Zyall. Disrris. Falkland Islands. Chili. Cape Horn. New Zealand. Imperfect scraps, possibly referable to this species. 2. Irideea foliifera (Harv.) ; fronde fusco-rubra membranacea ovata v. ovato-lanceolata basi cuneata et in stipitem attenuata a margine foliifera, foliolis lanceolatis subpetiolatis, soris tetrasporarum puncti- formibus per totam frondem sparsis. Haz. Georgetown, Gunn. I am exceedingly unwilling to propose a new species in this troublesome genus, particularly on imperfect spe- cimens, yet 1 can hardly overlook the present plant altogether, and I know not any species of Jridea with which it can be associated. In habit it so much resembles some specimens of Rhodymenia polymorpha that, without testing it microscopically, it might easily be passed over for that species. The colour is a rather full red, somewhat brownish or purplish; the surface, when dry, slightly lustrous. The outline of the frond, as in all the genus, is very variable, its most striking peculiarity being the marginal leafy lobes. Sori very numerous, immersed in the substance.— We possess fragmentary speciînens of other Tasmanian Iridee, too imperfect for description. 3. Irideea polycarpa (Harv.); fronde intense rubra longissima laneeolata v. ovato-lanceolata simplici integerrima, margine incrassato, basi cuneata et in stipitem filiformem tenuem vix canaliculatum attenuata, cystocarpiis numerosissimis per totam frondem sparsis. Has. Tasmania, C. Stuart, : Perhaps ss yd be the cystocarpic state of the preceding, but our numerous specimens are all guite simple, withont lateral foliations. The colour is a deep blood-red. The substance is thin, much thinner than in J. lamina- rioides, to which the frond approaches in form. The cystocarps are of large size, and very densely scattered over the surface ; they are nearly spherical, and prominent on both surfaces of the frond. The frond is from 1-3 feet ın length, and from 14-6 inches in width. Gen. XCVIII. EPYMENIA, Kütz. (Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 787. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 219.) 1. Epymenia membranacea (Harv.); fronde stipitata flabellatim expansa repetite dichotema Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 327 membranacea, segmentis inferne semicostatis cuneatis, superioribus linearibus apice obtusis v. subacutis, cystocarpiis in sporophyllis subbinis. —Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 89. Haz. Georgetown, W. H. H. Southport, C. Stuart. A smaller and much thinner and more membranous plant than E. obtusa, which in all other respects it nearly resembles. The apices are perhaps less obtuse. There are commonly two cystocarps on each fertile leaflet in the only fruiting specimen seen. Gen. XCIX. CHRYSYMENIA, J. 4g. (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 105. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 209. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 187.) 1. Chrysymenia obovata (Sond. Alg. Preiss. p. 29; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 77; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 10).—Rhabdonia ? globifera, J. Ag. Sp. Aly. ii. p. 355? ? Haz. Stones at low-water mark, above Georgetown. Disrris. West and south coasts of Australia. I am at a loss to discover why Professor Agardh should have placed this plant in Rhabdonia, supposing that we are speaking of the same species. To me it seems nearly allied, not merely in habit but in structure, to Ch. wvaria. Gen. C. CHYLOCLADIA, Grev., J. Ag. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 860. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 185.) 1. Chylocladia clavellosa (Grev.; Harv. Man. p. 71; Phyc. Brit. t. 114; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 366).—Fucus clavellosus, Zurn. Hist. t. 30; E. Bot. t. 1203. Haz. Georgetown, rare, Gunn, W. Archer. Sullivan’s Cove, Dr. Lyall. Distri. Coasts of Europe from Norway to Spain. Falkland Islands. Gen. CI. HALYMENIA, 49. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 197. Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 192.) 1. Halymenia ? saccata (Harv.); fronde rosea tereti (P) saccata succo repleta pinnatim v. bipin- natim composita, pinnis pinnulisque suboppositis simplicibus saccatis basi constrictis apice obtusis, tetrasporis sparsis, cystocarpiis in ramis immersis infra stratum periphericum suspensis. Haz. At Georgetown, Archer. Frond a foot long, and as much in the expansion of the branches, bipinnate, some of the pinnule furnished with a third series of pinnules. The main branches are nearly half an inch or sometimes more in diameter, the pinnule 2-3 lines; both are simple, saccate, much constricted at their insertion, and tapering upwards to a blunt point. Cystocarps suspended in a network under the exterior layer, which is composed of moniliform filaments, formed of minute coloured cells. Colour rosy-red. Substance delicately membranaceous. It most closely adheres to paper in drying, and appears to have been filled, when fresh, with abundance of loose gelatine. This bears so close a resemblance to Ohrysymenia Enteromorpha, Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 187, and also to the "Bindera splachnoides of Western Australia, that, without microscopic examination of the structure of the frond, or by the fruit, these three plants cannot well be distinguished ! Gen. CII. NEMASTOMA, J. 4g.. (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 89. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 162. Gymnophlæa, Kütz. 1. Nemastoma Feredayæ (Harv.); stipite tereti ramosa (v. simplici), ramis in basi cuneata frondis cito deliquescentibus, fronde flabelliformi compresso-plana rosea repetite dichotoma, segmentis sensim 328 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. angustatis, terminalibus attenuatis filiformibus acutis, margine nunc simplici nunc processibus proliferis subpinnatis onusto.—Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 430. i Var. 8. prolifera ; segmentis majoribus e margine frondes pinnatas emittentibus. (Tas. CXCV. A.) , Has. Georgetown, Mrs. Fereday, W. H. H., ete. Stipes an inch or more long, terete, subsolid, twice or thrice forked; each branch passing into the cuneate base of a flattened or compressed, much divided, dichotomous, flabelliform frond. The lower segments are about 3 inch wide, the upper about a line, and the terminal ones not a quarter of a line in breadth. Sometimes the branching is perfectly regular and dichotomous. In other specimens the lower, and sometimes the upper segments, throw out from their margin very numerous secondary fronds, which are more or less regularly dichotomous. Thus the general frond becomes densely and intricately branched. The colour is a deep rosy-red. The substance soft and lubricous, and the plant closely adheres to paper in drying.. It belongs to the section of the genus called Gymnophled, and may range next to N. dichotoma.—PLATE CXCV. 4. Fig. 1, a frond, the naf. size; 2, section, magnified. 2. Nemastoma ? densa (Harv.) ; fronde fuscescente teretiuscula dichotome v. vage ramosa, ramis primariis crassis parum divisis, secundariis filiformibus gracilibus quaquaversis creberrimis dichotome multifidis ramos primarios omnino vestientibus, divisuris omnibus divaricato-patentibus axillisque rotun- datis, ramulis ultimis setaceis obtusis.—Harv. Aly. Eesic. n. 431. Has. Georgetown, on the mudflats, Gunn, W. H. H. Fronds 6-8 inches long, excessively dense and bushy. The main frond is upwards of a line in diameter, and sparingly branched in a dichotomous or irregular manner ; its divisions very patent, and somewhat flexuous. This frond throws out, throughout its whole length, and directed to every side, a vast number of slender, many times dichotomous, filiform, divaricating branches, so that the general frond becomes excessively bushy. The lesser branches are greatly more slender than their primaries, and their terminal lacini] are not thicker than hog's- bristle. Every axil is very wide, and every ramulus squarroso-patent. The colour is a dull reddish-brown. The substance soft and gelatinous. The filaments of the periphery are nearly free, and their cells eylindrical.—I am by no means assured of the genus to which this plant properly belongs; and perhaps it would be better placed in Nemaleon, or in the neighbourhood of that genus. Gen. CIII. HOREA, Harv. (Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. vol. xxii.) Frons carnoso-membranacea, plano-compressa v. subteres, e stratis tribus cellularum composita ; stratum medullare e celulis maximis inanibus demum sepe ruptis; intermedium cellulis pluriseriatis minoribus coloratis; corticale filis moniliformibus verticalibus dichotomis muco cohibitis formatum. Favelle intra pericarpium proprium apice spinis coronatum poro pertusum ad placentam basalem affixz, is arachnoideis laxe circumdate, sporas conglobatas angulares foventes. Tetraspore sparse, cruciatim deis, 1. Horea speciosa (Harv.); fronde lato-lineari applanata decomposite pinnata, ramis elongatis ambitu lanceolatis sub-bipinnatis, pinnis pinnulisgue oppositis patentibus, pinnulis linearibus obtusis nunc apice cirrhoso-hamatis, cystocarpiis sepius marginalibus (paucis) apice spinoso-coronatis.—Harv. Alg. Ezsic. n. 439.—(Ta. CXCIV. A.) ae Has. Mouth of the Tamar, rare, W. H. H. DisrarB. Also found at Western Port, Victoria, W. H. H. Frond 12-16 inches long, division being distichous, . The and as much in the expansion of the branches; three or four times pinnate, every principal branches are nearly half an inch in width, and so strongly compressed as Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 329 to be called flat ; the Jesser branches are about a quarter of an inch wide, and the ramuli about a line. The ramifi- cation is pretty regularly pinnate, the pinne and pinnules being close together and nearly opposite, all patent, but gently curving upwards. The colour is a pale red. The substance soft and gelatinous, soon decomposing in fresh- water. The cystocarps are few, scattered along the edges of the branches and ramuli.—PLark CXCIV. A. Fig. 1, a branch, the xat. size; 2, section of the frond; 3, a cystocarp :—the latter figures magnified. 2. Horea polycarpa (Harv.); fronde applanata basi cuneata decomposite dichotoma et vage laciniata, laciniis cuneato-linearibus repetite furcatis sensim attenuatis plús minus papillosis apice subacutis, cystocarpiis stellato-echinatis numerosissimis per totam frondem densissime sparsis.—Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 488.—(Tap. CXCIV. B.) Has. East coast, Gunn. Distris. Shores of Victoria, W. H. DH Frond sessile, foliaceous, 6-8 inches long, cuneate at base, divided in an irregularly dichotomous manner into innumerable segments, which are from a quarter of an inch to nearly an inch broad, linear-cuneate, repeatedly forked or irregularly laciniate, all the minor divisions suberect, the axils narrow, and rather acute. In specimens that bear tetraspores, every part of the frond is generally densely papillate, with linear processes half a line to a line or more in length. In those that bear cystocarps, these generally take the place of the papille, the whole disc and margin being thickly studded with them. The cystocarps are crowned by four or five longish spines. The /eíraspores are abundantly scattered through all parts of the cortical layer in such specimens as produce them. The colour is a pale rosy-red, soon fading into greenish. The substance very soft and lubricous, soon decomposing in fresh-water. In drying, the plant adheres firmly to paper.—PrATE CXCIV. B. Fig. 1, a plant with cystocarps; 2, a plant with tetraspores, both of the nat. size; 3, fragment with four cystocarps; 4, section of a cystocarp; 5, tetraspores :— the latter figures magnified. Tre XII. SPYRIDIACEZ. Gen. CIV. SPYRIDIA, Harv. (Harv. in Hook. Br. Fl. ii. p. 336. Phye. Brit. t. 46. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 338. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 665.) l. Spyridia filamentosa (Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 46; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 340).—Ceramium fila- mentosum, Ag. Conferva Griffithsiana, E. Bot. t. 2312. Has. Georgetown, common. Disteıs. Native of the warmer temperate parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and in tropical seas, reaching its most northern limit on the south coast of England. The plant noticed in Hook. Lond. Journ. vol. iii. p. 449, as var. ß verticillata, and on which Kiitzing has founded his S. Tasmanica, belongs to Wrangelia, and will be found described above, under the name JF. setigera. Spyridia? pellucida, Lond. Journ. l. c., is Callithamnion mucronatum, J. Ag. Tre XIII. CERAMIACEE. Gen. CV. CENTROCERAS, Katz, (Kiitz. Linnea, 1841, p. 741. Sp. Alg. p. 688. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. 147.) 1. Centroceras clavulatum (Mont. Fl. Alg. p. 140; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 148; Harv. Ner. Bor. Amer. part ii. p. 211. t. 33. f. C).—Ceramium clavulatum, 4g. We have not seen Van Diemen's Land specimens, but as this plant is very common on the opposite shores of VOL. II. 4er 330 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey, | Bass’s Straits, and along the whole coasts of Australia, it probably oecurs on the rocky shores of Tasmania. Native of tropical and subtropical seas. Gen, CVI. CERAMIUM, Roth. (J. Ag. Sp. Alp. ii. p. 113. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 181, etc.) l. Ceramium rubrum (Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 127; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 685; Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 181).—Conferva rubra, E Bot. t. 1166. Has. On the larger and smaller A/ge, common. Disrris. Cosmopolitan. 2. Ceramium diaphanum (Roth; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 125; Harv. Phye. Brit. t. 193).—Conf. diaphana, Dilho. Conf. t. 38; E. Bot. t. 1142. Haz. Georgetown, Gunn. Disrris. Cosmopolitan. 9. Ceramium ramulosum (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ, vi. p. 410; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 121). Has. Georgetown, Guna. The Tasmanian specimens formerly referred to C. nodosum and C. Deslongchampsii, seem rather to belong to the present species, which is nearly related to the former. 4. Ceramium gracillimum (Kütz.; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 206; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 118). Has. Georgetown, on Zostera, etc., W. H. H. Disrris. Europe. North America. 5. Ceramium puberulum (Sond.).—Cer. monile, Hook. Jil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 410; d. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 132. Celeceras monile, Küfz. Sp. Alg. p. 684. Has. Georgetown, common. Disrris. Western Australia. Gen. CVII. HALOPLEGMA, Mont. (Mont. An. Sc. Nat. 1842. Endl, 3rd Suppl. p.36. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 110.) l. Haloplegma Preissii (Sond. Alg. Preiss. p. 24; Kütz. Sp. Alg. 672; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 111).—Rhodoplexia Preissii, Harv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 618. Var. B. flabelliforme; fronde tenuiori latiori parum lobata flabelliformi. Has. Mouth of the Tamar, not uncommon. Flinders’ Island, Dr. Milligan. Var. 8. In the Tamar, above Georgetown, on rocky shores at low-water. Disrris. West and south coasts of Australia. Our var. 8, which is common on shores, under Mr. Lawrence's place, a short distance above Georgetown, differs from the usual state of the species in being much thinner and more translucent, the lobes fewer and much broader, and in the colour, which is more purple. The microscopic characters of the two plants are, however, identical, and various intermediate states occur towards the mouth of the River Tamar. Gen. CVIIT. CROUAN IA, J. Ag. (J. Ag. Alg. Medit. p. 83. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 36. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 106. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 104.) l. Crouania attenuata, var. australis (Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 485; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 105; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 106). Has, At Table Cape, Miss Mackenzie. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 331 DrsrarB. Native of Mediterranean, and coasts of France and England. Western Australia, at King George's Sound. The specimens are rather coarser and less gelatinous than those from the south coast of England, but closely resemble some that we have received from the Mediterranean. 2. Crouania insignis (Harv.); fronde robusta elata (pedali et ultra) cartilaginea decomposite ra- mosissima, ramis alternis repetite alterne divisis creberrime nodulosis, ramulis cylindraceis vestitis acutis vix attenuatis.— Harv. Alg. Exsie. Austr. n. 488.—(Tas. CXCIII. B.) Haz. Georgetown, W. H. H. Brown's River, Gunn. Disrris. South coast of New Holland. Frond 12 or 14 inches long, more than half a line in diameter, tapering toward the apex, excessively branched. Branches alternate, 8-10 inches long, erecto-patent, two or three times similarly compounded, the ulti- mate ramuli less than an inch in length. All the older parts of the frond are closely nodulose, the whorls of peripheric filaments being partially separated, though not so much so as to uncover the axial filament, The smaller branches and ramuli are uniformly clothed with filaments, and therefore cylindrical. The peripheric fila- ments are not gelatinous, thick, very much branched, the branching dichotomous and divaricate ; their apices are blunt. Tefraspores triangularly divided, solitary on the ramuli. Favelle hidden among the ramelle of abortive branchlets, formed out of a whole or a half ramellus, reniform, containing very numerous spores. Colour a deep brownish-red. Substance soft, but firm. It closely adheres to paper in drying.—PrATg CXCIII. 2. Fig. 1, a branch, the natural size; 2, apex of a ramulus; 3, ramellus with a favella; 4, spores; 5, ramellus with tetra- spores; 6, a tetraspore :—the latter figures magnified. ; Gen. CIX. PTILOTA, 4y. (Ag. Sp. Alg. i p. 384. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 36. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 92.) 1. Ptilota articulata (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 100; Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. iii. p. 409). Haz. Georgetown, very common. Distris. South coast of Australia. 2. Ptilota Jeannerettii (Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 479).—Thamnocarpus Ptilota, Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 409. i Has. Port Arthur, Dr. Jeannerett. Eagle Hawkneck, J. D. H. Southport, C. Stuart. Disrris. South coast of New Holland, D. Curdie, W. H. H. 3. Ptilota Rhodocallis (Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsic. n. 478; Phyc. Austr, t. 44).—Rhodocallis elegans, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 670. Has. Southport, C. Stuart. DisrRrs. Coast of Victoria, at Port Fairy. A beautiful species, of a brilliant deep-red colour, which becomes a flaming scarlet in fresh-water. The general habit resembles that of Phacelocarpus Labillardieri. Gen. CX. THAMNOCARPUS, Harv. 1, ‘Tharanocarpas Gunnianus (Harv. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 662 ; Lond. Journ, vi. p. 409). Has. Port Arthur (?), Guan (more probably at Circular Head). Southport, C. Stuart. Distris. Also found, but without fruit, in Western Australia, W. H. H. We have no new facts to state respecting this curious and little-known plant, except that on Mr. Stuart's specimen we find antheridia, similar to those of a Callithamnion, occupying the place of fetraspores. 332 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. Gen. CXI. GRIFFITHSIA, 4y. (Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 126. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 75. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 659.) l. Griffithsia corallina (Ag. Syst. p. 145; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 79; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 214). —G. flabelliformis, Harv. Lond. Journ. ii. p. 450. Has. In the Tamar, common. Disrris. Native of northern hemisphere. 2. Griffithsia antarctica (Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. ii. p. 488; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 87; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 258). Hab. Brown’s River, Gunn. Georgetown (a variety?), W. H. H. Distr. Falkland Islands, Cape Horn, and New Zealand. 3. Griffithsia monilis (Harv.); fronde basi radicante ceespitosa dichotoma fastigiata crassissima, segmentis erecto-patentibus, articulis diametro sesquilongioribus globoso-inflatis siceitate collapsis et ovali- bus ad genicula maxime constrictis, fertilibus conformibus, involucris tetrasporarum eirca genicula verti- cillatis.—Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 559. (Tas. CXCV. B.) Has. Parasitical on 4/72, at Georgetown, Gunn. Disrris. West and south coasts of New Holland. A beautiful little species, whose branches resemble strings of ruby-coloured beads. The colour is very quickly discharged.—PrATE CXCV. B. Fig. 1, fronds, nat. size; 2, tip of a branch, bearing favellee; 3, a tip, bearing sorus of tetraspores; 4, tetraspores from the same :—the latter figures magnified. 4. Griffithsia setacea (Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 84; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 660; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 184). Has. Georgetown, common. DisrRIB. Native of northern hemisphere. All the specimens we have seen are barren; the species therefore cannot be ascertained with certainty. 5. Griffithsia? gracilis (Harv.) ; frondibus capillaribus sursum attenuatis arachnoideis dichotomis fastigiatis, ramulis minoribus sæpe secundis, axillis patentibus, articulis cylindraceis diametro multiplo-lon- gioribus, apicibus obtusis. : Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. Fronds 2—3 inches high, very slender, and much attenuated to the apex, pretty regularly dichotomous and fas- tigiate, forming flabelliform tufts. Articulations very long, cylindrical. Colour a bright rosy-red, instantly given out in fresh-water. Substance soft.—Very few specimens have yet been seen, and these without fructification. The species therefore wants further confirmation. Gen. CXII. BALLIA, Harv. (Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. p. 191. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 74. Kütz. Sp. Alg. 663.) l. Ballia callitricha (Mont. Voy. Pôl. Sud, p. 94; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 663; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 75; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 257).—B. Brunonis, Harv. Lond. Journ. i. p. 191. 4. 9. B. Hombroniana, Mont. Pôl. Sud, t. 19. f. 1. Sphacelaria callitricha, Ag. Sp. Alg. ìi. p. 23; Ic. Alg. Eur. t. 6. Has. Various parts of the coast. Disrris. All through the Southern Ocean. b. is 2. Ballia Robertiana (Harv.); ramis minoribus rachidibusque pinnularum cylindraceis (nec ad genicula constrictis) distiche plumulatis, plumulis incurvis oblongis oppositis inter se alterne inzequalibus, Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) | FLORA OF TASMANIA. 333 una pusilla pinnata vel vage multifida pinnulis inflexis, altera elongata bipinnata basi ramulis incurvis vage divisis fructiferis stipata, pinnis ambitu ovatis, pinnulis oppositis incurvis ereberrimis. —Harv. in Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 332; Phyc. Austr. t. 96. Has. Southport, C. Stuart. DisrRiB. Coast of Victoria, at Port Fairy. 3. Ballia scoparia (Harv. Alg. Exsic. Austr. n. 502).—Callithamnion scoparium, Hook. fil. et Harv. FI. Ant. ii. p. 490. t. 189. 7. 3; J. Ag. Sp. Aly. ii. p. 35. Haz. Mouth of the Tamar, and at Port Arthur. DistrıB. Antarctic Ocean. Gen. CXIII. CORYNESPORA, J. 4j. (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 69.) 1. Corynespora arachnoidea (Harv.); fronde tenuissima arachnoidea (2-3-unciali) e basi dicho- tome decomposita ramis lateralibus pluries furcatis obsita, axillis acutis, ramulis ad genicula subcontractis, apicibus cylindraceis attenuatis obtusis, articulis longissimis, tetrasporis ovalibus grumosis pedicellatis. Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. ; Two to three inches high, densely tufted. Filaments excessively slender, nearly of one diameter throughout, except in the ultimate divisions, many times dichotomous, the lateral dichotomies not always regular, and then as if set with alternate dichotomous branches. The articulations in all parts of the plant are of great length. The colour is rose-red. Tetraspores ? (or spores) pedicellate, oval, containing a granular mass, not divided into sporules. —It is difficult to examine this plant after having been once dried, as it will not bear remoistening with fresh-water, and adheres so strongly to paper that it is impossible to separate it without breaking. Gen. CXIV. CALLITHAMNION, Zyngb. (Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 122. J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ìi. p. 5. Harv. Phyc. Brit. etc.) 1. Callithamnion comosum (Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 451). Has. In the Tamar, above Georgetown, abundant. 9. Callithamnion Plumula (Ag.; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 242; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 29).—Con- ferva Plumula, Ellis ; Dillw. Conf. t. 50. Has. Georgetown, rare, Gunn, W. H. H., Archer. DistrIB. Europe. In the Tasmanian specimens the ramuli are more squarrose than usual, and in the older parts of the frond finally become, through excessive branching, densely fasciculate. 3. Callithamnion cruciatum ? (Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 28; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 164; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 649; Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 545). Has. Georgetown, very rare, Gunn, W. H. H. DisrarB. Europe. The Tasmanian specimens differ from the European chiefly in the ramification or He opp rro e ramuli being very generally alternate, not opposite, and sometimes forked, and ssn rachis being angularly ve ag not straight. The apices are quite blunt. Possibly it would be better to consider = possint _ 5 stinc but representative species. It must however be allowed that its European representative varies y Am ve? position of its plumules.—I formerly, by mistake, communicated to Professor Agardh a poor specimen of the follow- A Q VOL, H. 334 FLORA OF TASMANIA, [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. - ing species, under the name “ eruciatum," having been misled by external resemblance, The species are abundantly distinct, the following being one of large size, originally described by me as ** Spyridia pellucida." 4. Callithamnion mucronatum (J. Ag.) ; fronde elata (pedali et ultra) ultra setacea sursum longe filis stuposis quasi hirsuta et corticata decomposite ramosissima, ramis setaceis pellucide articulatis virgatis alterne ramosis erecto-patentibus strictis ad genicula pinnatis, pinnis oppositis simplicibus subulatis versus apicem densissimis acute mucronatis, favellis ramulos terminantibus.—J. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 29; Harv. Alg. Exsie. n. 546. Spyridia? pellucida, Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 449. Has. At and above Georgetown, common. Disrris. Western Port, Victoria. Root a mass of matted fibres, often an inch in diameter. Stems many from the same base, a foot or more in length, twiee as thick as hog's-bristle, and appearing still thicker from the stupose filaments which densely cover them for more than half their length. These principal stems are sparingly divided, but emit throughout their length a profusion of closely-placed setaceous branches, 4-6 inches long, and once, twice, or thrice alternately compounded, the ultimate divisions being from half an inch to an inch in length. All the axils are acute, and the branches and ramuli erecto-patent. The branches and ramuli are pellucidly articulate, and each node bears a pair of minute, subu- late, mucronate pinnules, 1-2 lines long, and generally simple, sometimes very erect and close-pressed, sometimes more patent. Colour a deep rose-red. Substance somewhat cartilaginous, rather rigid.— By right the specific name “pellucidum,” published in 1844, ought to be retained; but I waive priority in favour of the more appropriate one conferred in 1851 by Professor Agardh, who had however a miserably imperfect specimen to describe from. The species varies much in size, and somewhat in other respects, but is strongly marked by its mucronate, subulate pin- nules. 5. Callithamnion Turneri, var. repens (J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 23; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 179; Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 521.) —Conferva repens, Dilho. Has. On Xiphophora, at Port Arthur, JV. H. H, Disrris. Europe. 6. Callithamnion flaccidum (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 273; Fl. Antarct. ii. t. 188. f. 1; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 648; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 31). Has. Tasmania, Gunn. DisrnrB. Antarctic Ocean. The specimens are not in good order. 7. Callithamnion latissimum (Harv. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 452; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 50). —Phlebothamnion latissimum, Kfz. Sp. Alg. p. 656. Has. Abundant in the Tamar. 8. Callithamnion angustatum (Hook. fil. et Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 412; J. Ag. Sp. Alg. ii. p. 64). | Haz. Georgetown, rare, Gunn, W. H. H. 9. Callithamnion violaceum (Harv.) ; cespitosa, purpurea, frondibus capillaribus basi in funiculis intertextis sursum longe filis radicantibus stuposis pellucide articulatis decomposito-pinnatis, ramis quoquo- versum egredientibus basi pinnatis apice bipinnatis, plumulis simpliciter pinnatis, pinnulis patentibus fili- ' formibus elongatis, articulis ramorum diametro sextuplo ramulorum triplo longioribus, tetrasporis ad pin- nulas sessilibus subsolitariis globosis.— Harp. Alg. Exsie. n. 517. Haz. On the woodwork of the jetty at Georgetown, W. H. H. Alga, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 335 A small species, 2-3 inches high, not unlike the northern C. roseum, but differing in several respects. The principal branches are bundled together into ropes, and then closely interwoven by root-like fibres, which issue from the nodes, and proceed downwards along the stem, forming an accessory stupose stratum. ‘The branches are alter- nately pinnate below, and bipinnate above, all the pinnules remarkably patent and elongate. Tefraspores are thinly scattered on the inner faces of the pinnules. 10. Callithamnion conspicuum (Harv.) ; fronde elata incrassata per totam longitudinem stuposo- corticata et hirsuta decomposite ramosa, ramis conformibus alternis attenuatis repetite alterne divisis, ra- mulis solum ecorticatis articulatis dense ramellosis, ramellis quaquaversis alterne pinnatis, pinnis incurvis, articulis pinnularum diametro triplo longioribus, tetrasporis ad latera pinnularum sessilibus solitariis.— C. tingens, Harv. Alg. Exsic. n. 508. Spongoclonium conspicuum, Sond. ! in Linn. xxvi. p. 515. Has. Georgetown. Disrris. South coast of Australia. Frond 12-18 inches long, the main stem generally undivided, 1 or 2 lines in diameter, set throughout its whole length with closely placed lateral branches directed to all sides. Branches, like the stem, thickly corticated and shaggy with stupose filaments, 3-1 line in diameter, 6-8 inches long, repeatedly compounded with alternate lateral branches and branchlets. The ultimate divisions, which are from half an inch to an inch in length, are alone visibly articulate, and are thickly clothed with short, pinnulate, incurved, articulate ramelli, on which the tetraspores are borne. Colour a fine carmine, which is quickly given out in fresh-water, staining the paper on which the plant may be dried. Substance very tender, rapidly decaying.—The habit of this species is peculiar, and perhaps, with C. plu- migerum and O. superbiens, it might form a separate genus, characterized by the peculiarly inarticulate and hirsute stem. But there are many intermediate links with species of more ordinary characters. The diameter attained by the stem is greater than in any other known species.* 11. Callithamnion laricinum (Harv.); fronde cartilaginea setacea ( 1-5-unciali) fere ad apices ramorum corticata glabra guoguoversum ramosa ambitu pyramidali, ramis alternis patentibus superne sen- sim brevioribus ramulis dichotomo-multifidis undigue obsessis, ramulis pluries dichotomis, segmentis paten- tibus, ultimis brevissimis spineeformibus, favellis geminis oblongis simplicibus v. furcatis, tetrasporis glo- bosis ad latera ramulorum sparsis.— Zarv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 562. Haz. On Zostera, etc. Port Arthur, W. H. H. Disrris. West and south coasis of Australia. 12. Callithamnion dispar (Harv.) ; fronde pellucide articulata capillari plus minus pinnatim ra- mosa disticha, ramis primariis paucis inegualibus virgatis bipinnatis, pinnis oppositis patentibus inegualibus una abbreviata altera elongata pinnulata, pinnulis oppositis sequalibus horizontalibus crassis multifidis mu- cronatis, articulis ramorum diametro duplo pinnarum sesquilongioribus, pinnularum diametro «equalibus, tetrasporis ad latera pinnularum sessilibus.—Harv. Alg. Easic. n. 509. Has. East coast; parasitic on Mychodea disticha, Gunn. Drsraim. Port Fairy, Victoria, W. H. H. Fronds solitary or few together, 1-2 inches high, with a simple stem set with lateral branches, * few of which are long and virgate, the rest reduced to a line or two in length. All the branches and their divisions and ramuli are opposite. The lesser divisions are regularly pinnated, the pinne long and short alternately at either side of the * Since this was written, I have ascertained that my C. tingens is the same as Sonder's Spongoclonium conspi- cuum, which name will be adopted if the plant be removed from Callithamnion. Another synonym is my Lasiothalia hirsuta, in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 558, founded on a very imperfect and battered scrap of what I afterwards called Callithamnion tingens when more perfect specimens were collected. 336 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. branch. The ramuli are very robust, sparingly or copiously divided, the tips of their divisions mucronate. Sub- stance rather rigid. Colour a deep red. 13. Callithamnion elongatum (Harv.) ; frondibus fusco-purpureis dense ceespitosis basi intertextis longissimis setaceis e basi pellucide articulatis dichotome compositis et ramis alternis obsitis, ramis minori- bus secunde alterne v. dichotome ramosis versus apicem ramulos crebre dichotomos ferentibus, articulis superioribus diametro 4—5-plo longioribus, inferioribus longioribus, tetrasporis triangule divisis ad genicula ramulorum fasciculatis breve pedicellatis, favellis versus apices ramulorum solitariis.—Harv. Alg. Austr. Ersic. n. 534. Has. Georgetown, not uncommon. DisrRrB. South coast of Australia. Fronds in large bundled tufts, often upwards of a foot in length, setaceous, not much attenuated upwards, the principal stems towards the base twisted round each other into ropes, which strengthen the tuft. The whole branch- ing is on a dichotomous type, but by suppression, it is very irregular, a compound of the alternate, secund, and dichotomous. The penultimate divisions throw off from their sides short, multifid, or regularly dichotomous ramuli, which bear fructification of both kinds, on different individuals. The favelle are usually solitary; the tetraspores several together, tufted or somewhat whorled round the nodes of the ramuli. Colour a dark brownish-purple, some- times rather brighter. Substance somewhat gelatinous, but firm, like that of Griffithsia setacea. 14. Callithamnion Griffithsioides (Sond.); cespitosum, coccineum, frondibus basi intertextis seta- ceis pellucide articulatis dichotomis fastigiatis, ramis pluries furcatis, axillis acutis versus apicem ramulos minutos multifidos ferentibus, ramulis crebre ramulosis fere corymbosis fructiferis, tetrasporis prope apices ramulorum fasciculatis pedicellatis, articulis cylindraceis diametro 6-8-plo longioribus.—C. Griffithsie, Harv. Alg. Austr. Exsie. n. 535. Has. Georgetown, rare, Gunn. Disrris. Port Phillip, D. Mueller, W. H. H. Tufts dense, 4-5 inches long, fastigiate, bright-crimson, in habit resembling those of Grifithsia setacea. The branching is pretty regularly dichotomous, the forks rather distant, and the branches and their divisions consequently naked, except at the extremity, where the branch (of fertile specimens) ends in a minute, corymbose, multifid ramu- lus that bears the tetraspores.—The species is nearly related to the preceding, but I think distinct. 15. Callithamnion fastigiatum (Harv.); fronde pellucide articulata (1-2-unciali) sursum atte- nuata decomposita dichotome fastigiata, ramis repetite furcatis erecto-patentibus, ramulis ultimis ad geni- cula minute spinulosis v. gemmiferis, articulis omnibus diametro sub-4-plo longioribus, favellis subbinis nudis ad axillas ramorum, tetrasporis cruciatim divisis ad genicula ramulorum sessilibus sepe oppositis nunc solitariis nunc 2-3-fasciculatis. Has. Georgetown, Gunn. Frond very slender, 1-2 inches high, flabelliform and nearly regularly dichotomous and fastigiate, rose-red. The nodes of the upper or ultimate ramuli are generally furnished with minute, bud-like or somewhat spinous pro- cesses, which perhaps afterwards develope into tetraspores. The tetraspores are oval, and cruciately divided.—In habit this somewhat resembles Ceramium fastigiatum, but in softness of substance, ramification, ete., it has more the character of a very slender Grifithsia. : 16. Callithamnion botryocarpum (Harv,); nanum, penicillato-cespitosum, fronde minuta (1-2 lineas alia) e basi ramosissima, ramis alternis v. secundis patentibus flexuosis nunc subsquarrosis, articulis diametro 4-plo longioribus, tetrasporis magnis triangule divisis in glomerula ad axillas ramorum densissime Alge, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 337 aggregatis, antheridiis botryoideis e quoque fere articulo ramorum sepe evolutis.— Harv. in Trans. R. I. Acad. xxii. p. 569. Has. Parasitic on Age. Piper's River, Guan. DisrarB. King George's Sound, on Chorda lomentaria, W. H.H. Allied to the British C. Daviesii, C. virgatulum, etc. 17. Callithamnion ? paradoxum (Harv.); fronde spongiosa guaguaversum ramosa in totum e filis radicantibus densissime intertextis conflata ambitu pyramidali, ramis lateralibus densissime tomentosis simplicibus v. iterum lateraliter compositis, ramulis (quasi villum ramorum) brevibus pinnatis, pinnis alternis paucis longissimis flexuosis obtusis, articulis pinnularum diametro subtriplo longioribus, tetrasporis ad latera pinnularum sessilibus solitariis. Has. Brown's River, Gunn. Spongy frond 6-8 inches long, with a pyramidal outline, alternately branched, the branches simple or again laterally compounded, spreading to all sides. There does not appear to be any central filament or axis (possibly it may have perished), but the branches are composed of slender rooting filaments, densely woven together into a spongy rope (much as in Ectocarpus tomentosus), and these throw off a periphery of subhorizontal, pinnate ramuli, 1-2 lines long, which give the surface of the compound frond a shaggy or woolly appearance. These ramuli are once pinnated, the pinnze few, curved, and alternating on the short rachis. Tetraspores are borne on the sides of the pinne, as in others of the genus.—As yet I have seen but few specimens of this anomalous plant, and these not in good order; but I have no hesitation in admitting it, whether to this genus or not, as à distinetly marked species. Serres III. CHLOROSPERMELE. Trise I. SIPHONEE. Gen. CXV. CAULERPA, Lamour. (Lamour. An. Mus. xx. p. 282. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 433. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 495.) 1. Caulerpa hypnoides (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 443; Sond. Pl. Preis. ii. p. 150; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 497).—Fucus hypnoides, Turn. t. 173. Has. Georgetown, not uncommon. Distri. Australia and New Zealand. 2. Caulerpa obscura (Sond. Pl. Preis. ii. p. 150; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 497). Has. Tasmania, Gunn. (A single specimen.) l SE Disrris. Found all along the coast of Australia, from Swan River to Western Port, Victoria. The ramenta, described by Sonder as “ guadrifarious,” are not constantly so. In the .. luxuriant specimens they are generally distichous. I have not seen specimens of Greville’s C. superba from Bass’s Straits, but the figure given is not unlike some of the laxer states of C. obscura. 3. Caulerpa furcifolia (Hook. fil. et Harv. Lond. Journ. vi. p. 416; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 260. t. 121 B). Has. Common at Georgetown. Distris. Australia. - 4, Caulerpa Brownii ( Has. Port Arthur. Dısrers. New Holland and New Zealand. VOL. II. Endl.; Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 260. t. 121 4). 338 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. 5. Caulerpa Harveyi (Muell.); surculo et parte inferiori caulis nudo nitente, caule vage ramoso, ramis paucis elongatis simplicibus densissime foliosis, ramentis (foliis) seepius quinquefariis raro quadrifariis longissimis filiformibus patentibus apice obtuse mucronulatis.—Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 95. ` Var. B. erispata ; minor, ramentis crispatis sguarrosis v. inflexis. Has. Fragments sent by Mr. Gunn. DisrRrB. Native of the south coast of New Holland. Surculus branching, 1 or 2 lines in diameter, with a smooth and shining yellow epidermis. Stem 1-2 feet high, bare of leaves for some two to four inches above the base; from thence to the apex closely set with five or rarely four vertical or slightly'spiral ranks of patent, filiform leaves or ramenta. Sometimes the stem is quite sim- ple, but commonly it bears a few lateral, leafy branches, in all respects similar to the leafy portion of the stem. Branches long and virgate, patent, irregularly inserted. Leaves (or ramenta) nearly an inch long, as thick as hog's- bristle, subacute and somewhat mucronate, of a deep-green colour, becoming olivaceous when dry; the apices, where the younger leaves are densely crowded together, frequently orange.—Dried specimens give no clearidea of the living plant, as it is impossible to preserve in drying the regular ranks in which the leaves are set, and in which they stand parallel to each other. Our var. B is a dwarf form, growing in tide-pools. It is always of a pale-green colour, and its ramenta more or less curled, or rolled in upon the axis. 6. Caulerpa sedoides (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 438; Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 16; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 498). —Caulerpa geminata, Harv. Fucus sedoides, Turn. Hist. t. 172. | Has. On crevices of tidal rocks: Five-mile Bluff, etc., Gunn. Disrrib. Native of tropical and subtropical seas. | Sometimes the ramenta are perfectly distichous, in which state I formerly mistook it for a new species, which I called C. geminata. I have since traced the two forms into one. Some others of the genus vary in a similar way, distichous and tetrastichous ramenta being sometimes found on the same root. 7. Caulerpa simpliciuscula (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 439; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 499).—Fucus simplicius- culus, Brown ; Turn. Hist. t. 115. Haz. Georgetown, etc., Gunn, W. H. H. Disrris. West and south coasts of New Holland. 8. Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p- 437; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 496).—Fucus scalpelli- formis, R. Br. Turn. Hist. t. 174. Haz. Dredged in the Tamar, My. Charles Henty. Disrris. West and south-west coasts of New Holland. I saw specimens of this species, which is found all along the south coast of New Holland, with Mr. Henty, who had dredged them below Georgetown. It has not been sent by Mr. Gunn, and appears to be rare. 9. Caulerpa cactoides (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 439; Harv. Phyc. Austr. t. 26).—C. corynephora, Mont. Voy. Pêl. Sud, p. 18. t. 6. J^ 3; Sylloge Sp. Crypt. p. 452. n. 1600. Fucus cactoides, R. Br. in Turn. Hist. t. 171. Haz. Southport, C. Stuart. | Distrip. Western and southern coast of New Holland ; Isle of Toud. S Stuart's specimen is smaller than the usual Australian form, such as we are acquainted with, from Western Australia and from Victoria, but it is fully as large as the specimen figured by Montagne. Turner’s Fucus cactoides = peii for the larger variety of this species, but it incorrectly represents the club-shaped ramuli as being quadrifarious, They are always strietly distichous in our numerous specimens from several localities. Alge, by W. H. Harvey.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 339 Gen. CXVI. CODIUM, Stack. (Stack. Ner. Brit. p. 24. Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 451. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 500.) 1. Codium tomentosum (Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 451; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 500; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 93).—Fucus tomentosus, Turn. Hist. t. 135; E. Bot. t. 712. Has. Georgetown and seacoast generally, common. DrisrarB. Found throughout the northern, tropical, and southern oceans. Gen. CXVII. DICTYOSPHARIA, Dene. (Dene. in Nouv. An. Sc. Nat, xvii. p. 328.) l. Dictyosphzeria sericea (Harv.) ; fronde umbilicata medifixa varie lacera (nunquam vesicata) sericea, vesiculis minimis globoso-polyhedris.—Harv. in Trans. R.I. Acad. xxii. p. 565. (Tas. CXCVI. A.) I venture to introduce this plant as probably occurring on the outer coasts of Tasmania. It is found abun dantly on rocks near low-water mark, in crevices, on the west and south coasts of New Holland, at least as far as Western Port, Victoria.—PrATE CXCVI. 4. Fig. 1, plant, nat. size; 2, portion of frond, magnified. Trine II. BATRACHOSPERMEZ. ` Gen. CXVIII. BATRACHOSPERMUM, Roth. (Roth, Fl. Germ. iii. p. 480. Ag. Syst. p. 23. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 22. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 595.) l. Batrachospermum atrum (Harv. Man. ed. 1. p. 120; Hass. Br. Fresh-water Alg. p. 114. t. 16. f. 12).— B. moniliforme, var. detersum, Ag.; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 535. Conferva atra, Dillw. t. 11; £. Bot. t. 690. Has. Pools in a rivulet, near Launceston, Gunn (n. 1826). Disrris. Native of fresh-water streams in Europe. 2. Batrachospermum moniliforme (Roth, Ag. Syst. p. 53; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 535).—Conferva gelatinosa, Dillw. t. 32. Han. Mountain stream, near Cheshunt, W. H. H. DisrnrB. Native of Europe and America. 3. Batrachospermum vagum (Ag. Syst. p. 52; Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 536). Haz. In the Cataract River, Launceston, W. H. D Disrris, Native of Europe and America. Tre III. CONFERVEA. Gen. CXIX. CLADOPHORA, Kütz. (Kütz. Phyc. Gen. p. 269. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 387. Harv. Phyc. Brit., etc.) 1. Cladophora Feredayi (Harv.); longiuscule stipitata, letevirens, siccitate vitreo-nitens, rigi- diuscula, filis longissimis setaceis angulatim flexuosis decomposite di-trichotomis et alterne ramosis, ramis nune discretis nunc intertextis flexuosis pluries divisis, ramulis ultimis dense fasciculatis, articulis ramorum longissime cylindraceis diametro 20-30-plo longioribus, ramulorum ad genicula contractis diametro 5-6-plo longioribus.—Harv. Ag. Austr. Exsie. n. 584; Phye. Austr. t. 4T. Haz. Georgetown, in deep water, Rev. I. Fereday, Gunn, W. H, H, ete. 340 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [4lge, by W. H. Harvey. Stipes 1-2 inches long, cylindrical, consisting of a single cell. Above this stipes the filament is prolonged to 12 or 20 inches, preserving the diameter of hog's-bristle, and becoming excessively branched in a manner partly trichotomous, partly dichotomous, and partly irregular. The ôranches are much bent, and often tangled together, and repeatedly forked ; their penultimate segments are long and filiform, flexuous, and furnished at the angles with a tuft of short, densely crowded ramuli. In some specimens the branches are bare of ramuli. The substance is rigid and erisp, not collapsing when removed from the water. The colour is a full grass-green. 2. Cladophora Bainesii (F. Muell. et Harv.) ; longiuscule stipitata, flavo-viridis, siccitate vitreo- nitens, mollissima, filis basi setaceis mox capillaribus sursum maxime attenuatis elongatis di-trichotomis ramosissimis, ramis trichotomo-multifidis ramulis lateralibus polychotomis onustis, ramulis ultimis longe filiformibus apice acutis mucronatis, articulis ramorum longissime cylindraceis diametro 20-30-plo lon- gioribus ad genicula constrictis, ramulorum diametro 6-10-plo longioribus.—Harv. Alg. Exsie. n. 579; Phye. Austr. t. 112. Has. Georgetown. DisrRiB. Port Phillip, Baines, W. H. H., etc. Stipes as in the last species, to which this is allied in several respects, but is a much more slender, softer, and brighter-coloured plant, attenuated at its extremities to an extreme fineness. Both belong to the section of the European C. pellucida, and have nearly similar ramification. The present species grows 6-12 inches long, and closely adheres to paper in drying. It is very glossy in a dried state. 3. Cladophora gracilis (Griff, in Wyatt’s Alg. Danm. n. 97; Harv. Man. ed. 1. p. 137; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 18; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 263). Has. Georgetown, Guna. Distris. Europe and New Zealand. = 4. Cladophora gracillima (Harv.) ; cespitosa, flavo-viridis, mollissima, siccitate sericea, filis 6-12- uncialibus tenuissimis decomposito-ramosissimis, ramis ramulisque repetite alternis v. secundis pluries compositis, ramulis sepe alterne secundis, articulis ramorum diametro 5-6-plo longioribus, ramulorum subbrevioribus, apicibus obtusis.—Harv. Alg. Exsie. n. 588. Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. Allied to C. gracilis, but much more slender, softer, and more silky. 5. Cladophora ferruginea (Harv.) ; cæspite (ferruginco) brevi unciali globoso v. stellatim patente fastigiato spongioso, filis intertextis radicantibus parum ramosis, ramis ramulisque erectis strictis, articulis diametro 3-4-plo longioribus. : Has. On Hormosira Banksii, at Safety Cove, Port Arthur, W. H. H. This has the habit of C. uncialis, to which it is nearly allied. All our specimens are stained, apparently with ferruginous matter, so that till placed under a lens they may be taken to belong to an Zetocarpus. 6. Cladophora Stuartii (Harv.) ; filis capillaribus tenuibus rigidiusculis siccitate eleganter variegatis e basi ramosis, ramis longissimis filiformibus indivisis simplicibus vel ramos secundarios similes emittentibus, ramulis brevibus patentibus sparsis alternis secundisve, articulis ad genicula con- tractis ramorum diametro triplo ramulorum subduplo longioribus. Has. Tasmania, C. Stuart. Tufts 4-6 inches long, pale-green. Filaments divided near the base into many long, simple or subsimple, thread-like branches, which are more or less beset with short patent ramuli of five or six joints. Sometimes the branches are' quite simple; sometimes the larger branches bear a second series of similar ones. When dried, the plant imperfectly adheres to paper, and is elegantly variegated with green and white when viewed with a pocket- Alge, by W. H. Harvey.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 341 lens. This appearance is caused by the dispersion of the endochrome towards the dissepiments in the process of drying. The articulations are very uniform in all parts of the filament, those of the principal branches being thrice as long as broad, of the ramuli shorter. The endochrome does not recover its form on moistening after having been dried. Gen. CXVI. CONFERVA, Ag. 1. Conferva (Cheetomorpha) Darwinii (Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 380).— Conf. clavata, var. Darwinii, Hook. fil. et Harv. Fl. Ant. ii. p. 493. t. 192. f. 1. (Tas. CXCVI. C) Has. On A/ge and rock-pools. DisrarB. Common on the shores of Australia and New Zealand. Prare CXCVI. C. Fig. 1, plant, nat. size; 2, terminal articulations, magnified. 2. Conferva coliformis (Mont. Voy. Pôl. Sud, p. 5).—Chetomorpha coliformis, Kitz. Sp. Aly. p. 980; Tab. Phye. t. 62. f. 2. Has. Southport, C. Stuart. 9. Conferva valida (Hook. fil. e& Harv. in Lond. Journ. vi. p. 416; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 379). Has. Georgetown, etc., common. We have received specimens of several fresh-water Conferve from Mr. Gunn ; unfortunately not in a state fit for examination and description. Gen. CXVII. TYNDARIDEA, Bory. l. Tyndaridea cruciata (Harv. Man. Br. Alg. p. 141 ?).—Zygnema cruciatum, Ag. Syst. p. 77; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 445. T. cruciata? and T. latescens, Hassall ? Haz. In the South Esk River, Gunn. We have also a specimen of another species of this genus, and more than one of Zygnema (Spirogyra), which we cannot determine from dried specimens. Trips IV. ULVACEE. Gen. CXVIII. PORPHYRA, 4g. (Ag. Syst. xxxii. Endl. 3rd Suppl. p. 19. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 92, t. 211. Kiitz. Sp. p. 691.) 1. Porphyra laciniata (Ag. Syst. p. 190; Ag. Ic. Eur. t. 26, 27 ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 92 ; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 692). Has. Rocky seacoasts. Generally diffused. Gen. CXIX. ENTEROMORPHA, Zink. (Link in Hor. Phys. p. 5. Harv. Phye. Brit.—Solenia, Ag. Syst. xxxii) 1. Enteromorpha compressa (Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 180. t. 18; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 335; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 480). - Haz. Seashores and tidal rivers, everywhere. Also on woodwork and ships’ bottoms. Generally diffused. 2. Enteromorpha intestinalis (Link, Hor. Phys. p. 5; Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 179; E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2756; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 154). Has. In similar places to the preceding ; often in ditches of brackish water. Generally diffused. 4 VOL. IL. S 342 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Alge, by W. H. Harvey. Gen. CXX. ULVA, 4y. (Ag. Syst. xxxii. Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 171.—Ulva, Phycoseris, and Crasiola, Kütz.) l. Ulva latissima (Lin. Fl. Suec. p. 433; Ag. Sp. Alg. i. p. 407; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 171; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 474). Haz. In the Tamar, Derwent, ete.; and probably all along the coast. Generally diffused. Gen. CXXI. (EDOGONIUM, Link. (Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 364.—Vesiculifera, Hass. Br. Fr. W. Alg. p. 195.—Tiresias, Bory.) 1. CEdogonium monile (Berk. et Harv.); filis basifixis brevibus tenuissimis strictiusculis, articulis cylindraceis hyalinis diametro 6-8-plo longioribus, sporidiis seriatis globosis terminalibus v. in medio fili moniliformiter intumescentibus demum sanguineis.—(Tas. CXCVI. B.) Has. In fresh-water, parasitical on water-plants, Gunn. Filaments $ inch to 1 inch long, about 5755 inch in diameter, covering the leaves and stems of water-plants with a thick, villous, pale-green coating. The articulations are cylindrical, either colourless or tinted with a pale green, and containing a few medial granules, dispersed in drying. The sporidia are globose, 4-5 times the diameter of the filament, and formed in moniliform strings of 4-8 each, either at the end or in the middle of the filament ; the generating cell is conoidal, full of yellow-green endochrome ; the sporidia are at first green, afterwards of a deep blood-red, resembling strings of rubies.—A very beautiful species, perhaps referable to Kiitzing's genus Allogonium.— Pate CXCVI. B. Fig. 1, the plant, nat. size; 2, some filaments, highly magnified. Gen. CXXII. TETRASPORA, Zink. (Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 414. Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 225.) l. Tetraspora intricata (Berk. et Harv.); fronde decomposito-laciniata, laciniis angustissimis ramosis, ultimis capillaribus intricatis, gonidiis quaternis, maculis ramulorum subuniseriatis. Haz. In St. Patrick’s River, 1830, Gunn. The single specimen seen having been dried on paper, and very imperfectly displayed, it is impossible to do more than guess at its proper form. It seems to be cut up indefinitely into threadlike segments, the lesser ones containing often but a single row of quaternate gonidia. Mr. Berkeley remarks that it is related to the other . Tetraspore much as Monormia is to the Nostocs. It approaches also to Trypothallus. We regret that the state of the specimen forbids its being satisfactorily described or figured. The gonidia are 5255 inch in diameter. 2000 Tribe V. OSCILLATORIEE. Gen. CXXIII. RIVULARIA, Roth. (Ag. Syst. p. xix. Harv. Man. and Phyc. Brit.— PAysactis, ete., Kütz.) 1. Rivularia nitida (Ag. Syst. p. 25; Wyatt, Alg. Danm. n. 50; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 68).— Physactis bullata, spiralis, et lobata, eic., Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 332. Has. Mouth. of the Tamar, Guan, W. H. H., etc. Found also at Port Phillip, W. H. H., and native of the coasts of Europe. The Georgetown specimens are of large size, as usual in plants of that locality, but have all the usual characters of the species. i Gen. CXXIV. BANGIA, Zyngb. (Lyngb. Hyd. Dan. p. 82. Ag. Syst. p. 25. Harv. Phyc. Brit., etc.) l. Bangia pulchella (Harv.); filis brevibus basifixis simplicibus erectis cylindraceis violaceo-roseis Lichenes, by Babington $ Mitten.) FLORA OF TASMANIA. 343 articulatis, articulis diametro brevioribus multistriatis, striis longitudinalibus angustis (demum in sporidia mutatis ?). Has. Parasite on Zostera. Georgetown, Gunn. Forming a bright, rosy-purple fringe, 2-3 lines long, on the leaves of Zostera, Externally it resembles B. ciliaris, but the microscopic character is different. Gen. CXXV. LYNGDYA, 47. (Ag. Syst. p. 25. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 279. Harv. Phyc. Brit., etc.) l. Lyngbya ferruginea (Ag. Syst. p. 73; Harv. Man. ed. 2. p. 226; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 311). Has. Georgetown, W. H. H. Native of Europe, in the sea and brackish water. Gen. CXXVI. CALOTHRIX, 4j. (Ag. Syst. p. 24. Kiitz. Sp. Alg. p. 311. Harv. Phyc. Brit., etc.) 1. Calothrix infestans (Harv.); parasitica, seruginosa, filis primo decumbentibus alias Algas in- vestientibus, dein ascendenti-erectis brevibus flexuosis obtusis simplicibus v. appositione ramulosis, striis endochromatis creberrimis. Has. Parasite on Cladostephus ferrugineus, at Port Arthur, W. H. H. Gen. CXXVII. OSCILLATORIA, auch. 1. Oscillatoria sp. Has. In brackish water: at Georgetown, Gunn. Probably referable to O. spiralis, Carm., or some allied species, but we confess ourselves unable to recognize the specific characters attributed to the multitudinous book-species of this genus already published, and are un- willing to add new names to the list. The specimens are not in very good order. No doubt many other “ species” exist in Van Diemen's Land. Tripe VI. NOSTOCHINE. Gen. CXXVIII. PROTOCOCCUS, 49. Syst. p. 17. 1. Protococcus monas (Ag. Ic. Alg. Eur. t. 11; Kütz. Sp. Alg. p. 200). Haz. On a damp wall near Launceston, Gunn. This agrees very well with Agardh's figure above quoted. Nar. Og». IX. LICHENES.* By the Rev. Churchill Babington, B.D., F.L.S., and W. Mitten, Esq., A.L.S. Susorper I. GYMNOCARPI. Trıer I. PARMELIACEZA. - Gen. I. USNEA, Ach. et Auctt. 1. Usnea barbata (Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 18; Bab. in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. part 2. pp. 268, 269). Has. Abundant everywhere, and infinitely variable. * The following Lichens are for the most part found in New Zealand as well as in Tasmania. Reference is accordingly made to the New Zealand Flora for the synonymy under the species here enumerated, when the plant occurs there also. In that work various remarks on the species, especially on the geographical distribution, will be found, which will not be repeated in this enumeration. The crustaceous Lichens are described by Mr. Mitten.— C. B. 344 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [.Zichenes, by Babington & Mitten. All the European forms occur in Tokmania, as well as a modification marked Usnea scabrida, Tayl., in Jas. Drumm. Swan Riv. Crypt., by Dr. Taylor. It is only a very fibrillated form of U. florida, Ach., not much different from U, strigosa. Mr. Lawrence has collected barren, sorediated forms, with a black base and blackish extremities, without fibrille, which are not very unlike U. melaxantha, at an altitude of 3,500 feet, on the bighest parts of the western range of mountains. 2. Usnea angulata (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 307; Bab. l.c. p. 269). Has. Various parts of the island, Gunn, Hooker, Lawrence; but all the specimens are barren. Mr. Gunn's specimens are above two feet long. 3. Usnea melaxantha (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 303; Bab. l.c. p. 269). Han. Arthur's Lakes, Gunn. On rocks, near the springs, Mount Wellington, Hooker, Mossman. Barren and sorediated, and very sparingly collected. Gen. II. EVERNIA, Ach. 1. Evernia furfuracea? (Mann; Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 26). Has. Cheshunt, Archer, fertile. An aged, unsatisfactory specimen, black beneath, but above more resembling E. prunastri, Ach.; upper surface much corrugated. Possibly something different from E. furfuracea or E. prunastri. I have not seen a description of Evernia mundata, Nyl., from New Holland. Gen. III. RAMALINA, Ach. 1. Ramalina calicaris (Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 30).—Approaching var. geniculata, Bab. 1. c. Haz. Esk, Launceston, completely investing shrubs of Hymenanthera angustifolia, Gunn. The specimens agree substantially with R. fastigiata, Ach., but still more with the form called R. geniculata by Dr. Taylor. B. ovalis, Bab.; thallo ovali plano tenuiore, apotheciis minutis, confertis.—R. ovalis, Zayl. ! MSS. Has. Tasmania, Gunn. Apothecia minute, scattered over the surface of the somewhat membranaceous, oval frond, which is 1-2 inches long. One of the many modifications of the form called R. frazinea, Ach.—Laurer's var. membranacea, Bab. l. c., has the fronds narrower and longer, and the apothecia marginal; but it is perhaps N worth while to dwell on minute differences in this most variable genus. 2. Ramalina pusilla (Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 29; Nyl. Enum. p. 99). Has. Macquarrie Plains, on decayed wood, Oldfield. Recherche Bay, dead twigs, Lake St. Clair, St. Patrick's River, Gunz. Cheshunt, on live bark and dead twigs, Archer. I have already, in the * Flora of New Zealand,’ expressed an opinion that this is not distinct from the foregoing. Gen. IV. PELTIGERA, Hofm., Fries. 1. Peltigera polydactyla (Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 46; Bab. l.c. 271). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Collected also in Tam by Lawrence, Gunn, Stuart, and Hooker. Various specimens differ amongst each other in the consistency of the thallus ; some of Mr. Archer's specimens are coriaceous, others quite membranaceous. 2. Peltigera horizontalis (Fries, Lich. Eur, p. 47). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Lichenes, by Babington & Mitten.| FLORA OF TASMANIA. 345 Well-marked fertile specimens. Seemingly rare in the southern hemisphere, but occurring in the Himalaya Mountains, as well as in Europe and North America. 3. Peltigera canina, var. pusilla. Has. Southport, Stuart. Gen. V. NEPHROMA, Ach. l. Nephroma australe (A. Rich. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 31; Voy. de l'Astrol. pl. ix. f. 2; Bab. Le p. 271).—N. pallens ?, Nyl. Enum. Lich. p. 101. Has. On bark: Cheshunt, Archer. Mount Wellington, Hooker. Nylander’s enumeration omits all notice of N. australe. 2. Nephroma cellulosum (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 242).—(Tañ. CXCIX. A.) Has. Rotten wood: Johnny's Creek, Oldfield. Cheshunt, on dead wood, Archer. Mount Wel- lington, Hooker and Gunn. The specimens (of a deep-brown colour) agree with one from Staten Land marked Nephroma cellulosum in Menzies” handwriting. N. plumbeum, Mont.! Fl. Fern. n. 7, seems to be the same plant, but somewhat paler, which has been found also by Gunn. Found in Chili, according to Nylander (who keeps N. plumbeum and N. cellulosum distinct), as well as in Juan Fernandez. —Pıare CXCIX. 4. Fig. 1, apothecium ; 2, under surface of ditto; 3, portion of ditto, cut longitudinally; 4, apo 5, gonidia :—all magnified. Gen. VI. STICTA. A. CHRYSOSTICTA, Bab. Le l. Sticta aurata (Ach. Bab. l. c.).—S. rubella, Tay/. ! in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iü.; Lich. Ant- arct. n. 96. Has. Cheshunt, on wood, Archer. St. Patrick's River, on granite, Gun». Mount Wellington (fertile), Hooker. i A pulverulent, villous form, but which does not deserve to be considered as a variety. 2. Sticta crocata (Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 277; Bab. Lei, Has. Among Mosses, on wood, etc. Everywhere, all collectors. Fertile specimens are bright, and often much pitted, and, being destitute of the yellow soredia which are usually present on the barren fronds, wear a somewhat different appearance to the European state of the plant. 3. Sticta Colensoi (Bab. l.c. t. 123). Haz. Very abundant in forests, on Fagus, Gunn, Hooker. Less divided than the New Zealand form. | 4. Sticta orygmsea (Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 277). Has. Southport, Stuart. B. LzvcosricTA, Bab. l. c. 5. Sticta latifrons (A. Rich. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 27. t. 8. f. 2; Bab. Loi Has. On rocks: near the caves, Back River, Oldfield. Running over sticks among Mosses, Hooker. Some specimens are less distinctly flabelliform than the ordinary state of the plants; others, collected by Mr. Oldfield, resemble the common type, but are much smaller. 6. Sticta filicina (Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 276; Bab. Lei, VOL, II. 346 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [.Zichenes, by Babington & Mitten. Has. Johnny's Creek, Back River Gully, etc., Oldfield. Cheshunt, on wood, Archer. Specimens not fully grown, but evidently belonging to this species. 7. Sticta Richardi (Mont. ! Fl. Fern. n. 79; Bab. Lei, Has. Among Mosses, Gunn. Very near the following. 8. Sticta foveolata (Delise, Stict. p. 101. t. 8. f. 36; Bab. 1. c.). —(Tab. CXCVIII.) Haz. On trees in dense forests, Gunn. Springs, Mount Wellington, on branches of trees, alt. 2300 feet, Oldfield, Hooker. Some specimens belong to my a Flotowiana, others to my y Billardieri.—PLateE OXCVIIL Fig. 1, portion of frond and apothecia; 2, back of ditto; 3, portion of apothecium; 4, sporidia :—all magnified. 9. Sticta Freycinetii (Delise; Bab. 1. c.). : Has. On wood, among Mosses, etc.; also running over live Ferns, Archer. Everywhere, all collectors. The specimens mostly belong to my var. 8 Delisea. Mr. Gunn finds beautiful specimens in forests of Fagus, at an elevation of 2000 feet. 10. Sticta granulata (Bab. 1. c.). —(Tañ. CXCVIL.) Has. Cheshunt, fertile, Arche, Collected also by Hooker and Gunn, but their specimens are barren. This plant occurs also in Java, according to my learned friends Drs. Montagne and Van der Bosch.—PLATE CXCVIL Fig. 1, specimen, with apothecia, nat. size; 2, the same magnified; 3, sporidia; 4, back of thallus, showing cyphellee, magnified. 11. Sticta fuliginosa (Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 280; Bab. Lei Haz, Cheshunt, on wood, barren, Archer. Apparently rare in the southern hemisphere. 12. Sticta cetrarioides (Bab.); thallo submembranaceo substellato dichotome ramoso canaliculato sublacunoso, ramis ascendentibus dichotomis marginibus rotundatis erosis, supra glaucescente ochroleuco glaberrimo, subtus fusco subspongioso fibrillis atris longioribus, cyphellis excavatis albidis, apotheciis . . . —(Tas. CXCIX. B.) Has. On the ground; the collector's name not mentioned. Barren. A very remarkable plant, perfectly different from every other Sfic/a, and like nothing with which I am ac- quainted, except Cetraria cucullata, Ach., to which in general appearance it is very similar. Some states of Sphe- rophoron australe, Laur., are not unlike it at first sight, insomuch that Dr. Taylor hastily passed it over as a form of that species. The cyphellee are formed by the ruptures of the under surface, which leave roundish, white, exca- vated spots.—PLaTEÉ CXCIX. B. Fig. 1, portion of thallus, magnified. Gen. VII. RICASOLIA, De Not. l. Ricasolia herbacea? (De N.; Nyl. Enum. p. 103).—Sticta vel Parmelia herbacea, Auctt. ; Bab. l.c. p. 284. Has. Tasmania, Gunn. A single specimen, barren, in bad condition, but belonging apparently to this species, or at any rate allied to it; perhaps it may be R. crenulata. = Gen. VIII. PARMELIA. $ 1. IMBRICARIA, Fries. l. Parmelia perlata (Ach. Syn. p. 197; Bab. l.c. p. 284).—P. perlata et P. reticulata, 7azy/./ Lichenes, by Babington $ Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 347 Has. Earth-banks, among Mosses; also on trees; various collectors. Dr. Taylor has referred some specimens to his P. perlata, others to his P. reticulata. 2. Parmelia saxatilis (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 203; Bab. l.c. p. 285).—P. tenuirima, Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 11. P. sulcata, ejusd. n. 68. Has. Among Moss, on Fagus-trunks, elev. 2000 feet; also on granite rocks, Launceston, Gunn. Collected also by Hooker, etc. Fertile. Some of Mr. Gunn's specimens are very fine, but are certainly only a form of P. sazatilis, Ach., i. e. of P. sul- cata, Tayl.! Other specimens are more like the ordinary state of the plant, and are named P. sulcata by Dr. Taylor himself. 3. Parmelia physodes (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 218; Bab. l. c. p. 286). Var. B. enteromorpha, Tuck. Syn. N. Amer. Lich. p. 28.—P. enteromorpha, Ach. et Auctt. Has. On trees, ete., fertile, Gunn, Archer. Both the Acharian species occur, and that under various forms, some of which simulate the appearance of Evernia prunastri. 4. Parmelia diatrypa (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 219; Bab. l.c. p. 286). Haz. On trunks of trees, Gunn (on Fagus). Cheshunt, Archer, efe. Fertile. 5. Parmelia tiliacea? (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 199; Bab. l.c. p. 285). Has. On trees: Cheshunt, Archer. Rather different from the European form, but substantially agreeing (as it appears to me) with Tuckerm. Lich. Am. Exs. n. 70. Dr. Hooker appears to have found the same plant on Mount Wellington. 6. Parmelia placorodioides (Nyl.! Enum. p. 104). Haz. On rails, “very common,” Oldfield. But very few specimens have been collected. The specimens are named by Dr. Nylander. A perplexing species, almost intermediate between P. tiliacea and P. physodes. The habit is that of P. tiliacea, but the structure of the thallus more resembles that of P. physodes. We know not whether Dr. Nylander has described the species. P. placorodia, Ach., Tuckermann ! Lich. Am. Exs. n. 71, is also extremely near to it. 7. Parmelia olivacea (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 200; Bab. l.c. p. 286). Has. Rocks: Richmond, Oldfield. Collected also by Hooker. 8. Parmelia conspersa (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 209; Bab. l.c. p. 286).—P. Tasmanica, Zayl.! Lich. Ant. n. 70. Has. Rocks: also on dead timber; apparently common, Gunn, Hooker, Archer, Oldfield. See my remarks on this species in the ‘ Flora of New Zealand.’ 9. Parmelia moniliformis (Bab. l.c. p. 288. t. 127; Nyl. Enum. p. 104). Has. Dry rocks: Grass-tree Hill, Hooker, barren. Cheshunt, on wood, Archer, barren. Very sparingly collected. A rare and little-known species, rightly placed by Nylander under the “ stirps P. colpodis.” 10. Parmelia caperata (Ach.; Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 69). Has. Trees, rotten wood, and stones, various collectors. Fertile. | Almost a cosmopolitan, as it would appear from Dr. Nylander’s enumeration and our own herbarium, but not included in the ‘ Flora of New Zealand.’ This is the P. rutidota, Tayl.! Lich. Ant. n. 72, which differs in no respect from the European form, except that the thallus is thicker than usual (resulting from exposure?) and nigropunctate 348 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Lichenes, by Babington & Mitten. (the points being abortive apothecia). Consequently Fries's remark, “ Nec unquam nigro-punctata visa,” must be cancelled. 11. Parmelia parietina (Ach. Syn. Lich. p. 200; Bab. l. c. p. 287). Has. Rocks, trees, also on stems of Salicornia, Gunn. Pittwater, Oldfield. Cheshunt, Archer. Specimens normal and fertile. 12. Parmelia chrysophthalma (Ach. Meth. Lich. p. 267).—P. spinosa, Zayl.! Lich. Ant. n. 69. Has. Greenstone rocks, close to the sea: Georgetown, Gunn. $ 2. ZEORA, Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. (Psoroma et Pannaria, etc., Nyl. Enum. Gen. des Lich.) 13. Parmelia sphinctrina (Mont. !).—P. rubiginosa, 8 sphinctrina, Hook. fil. Fl. Antarct. p. 533. Bab. l.c. p. 289. Has. On wood, apparently common. Collected by Hooker, Gunn, and Archer, etc. A perplexing plant, and variously regarded by different botanists. 14. Parmelia imbricata (Nyl.! Enum. p- 109, sub Pannaria). Has. On Mosses, Hooker. A pretty species, placed next to P, pholidota, Mont., by Dr. Nylander, whose specific character we haye not seen. It seems to us closely allied to P. Femsjonensis, Fries, judging from the description. 15. Parmelia triptophylla (Fries; Bab. Le p. 290). Has. On bark, fertile, Guan. Cheshunt, Archer, barren. Agreeing with the form called Z. microphyllus, E. Bot. t. 2128. 16. Parmelia pholidota (Mont.!; Bab.l.c. p. 290). Haz. On wood, Archer, etc. 17. Parmelia nigrocincta (Mont.!; Bab. l.c. p. 290). Haz. On wood, probably collected by Hooker. $ 3. PLACODIUM. 18. Parmelia splachnirima (Tayl.!); “thallo utringue albido glabro sinuato-lobato, lobis rotun- datis crenatis marginibus adscendentibus, gemmis marginalibus plano-granulatis statim in thallum expan- dentibus, apotheciis centralibus planiusculis, disco carnéo albo-pruinoso margine tenui undulato."— Tayl. Lich. Antarct. n. 73.—(Tas. CXCIX. C.) | Has. On the ground. Collected by Gunn. Allied to P. lentigera, Ach., more nearly than to any other with which we are acquainted, but evidently distinct. The thallus is more deeply divided, less distinctly orbicular, of a slightly pink hue, having the margins of the same colour as the upper surface. Apothecia densely pruinose, not becoming convex in age, as in P. lentigera. This species might perhaps more appropriately be referred to Biatora, which comes extremely near to Placodium.—PLATE CXCIX. C. : 19. Parmelia rugulosa (Nyl.! Enum. p. 111, Placodium). Has. Southport, on stone, Ch. Stuart Very near nct armelia elegans, Ach., from which we should hardly have distinguished it. It is described in a aM gs Lichens M Chili,’ p. 193. The singular Tugose appearance of the thallus and backs of the apothecia, T principally differs from P, elegans, may possibly be due to some accidental cireumstance. Lichenes, by Babington $ Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 349 20. Parmelia fulgens? (Ach.; Bab. l.c. p. 291). Has. On the ground: Cheshunt, Archer. Barren. Specimens very minute, growing over some other barren, glaucous Lichens, not a quarter of an inch in diameter, more deeply coloured than P. fulgens usually is, almost orange-coloured, thick, margins of the thallus paler; the centre almost ferruginous, and simulating the appearance of confluent immarginate apothecia. Very probably this is something different from P. fulgens, but being barren it cannot well be proposed as new. Several allied species are mentioned by Nylander (Enum. Gen. Lich.), to one of which it may possibly belong. $ 4. PLACODIUM, Fries. 21. Parmelia gelida (Ach.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 291). Has. Cheshunt, Archer, Fries. $ 5. PATELLARIA, Fries. 22. Parmelia pallescens (Fries; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 292). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. 23. Parmelia subfusca (Ach.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 292). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. $ 6. URCEOLARIA, Fries. 24. Parmelia scruposa (Fries; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. 293). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. 25. Parmelia sordida (Nyl. En. Gen. Lich.)—Urceolaria sordida, Fries, Lich. Burop. p. 178. Lecanora glaucoma, Engl. Bot. t. 2156. Has. Granite rocks, St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. Gen. IX. THELOTREMA, Aeh. 1. Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.; Fl. N. Zeal ii. p. 294). Has. Abundant on bark, etc., Gunn, etc. 'Gen. X. GYALECTA, Ach. 1. Gyalecta cupularis (Scher.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 294). Has. On dead wood, Cheshunt, Archer. i Trise Il. LECIDINEZA. Gen. XI. STEREOCAULON, Ach. l. Stereocaulon ramulosum (Ach.; Bab. l. c. p. 294). Ham. Apparently common everywhere, on rocks, in Fagus forests, Gunn, and other collectors. 2. Stereocaulon corallinum (Fries; Hook. fil. Fl. Ant. p. 528). Han. Among Moss and Lichens, on rocks, St. Patrick's River, Gunn. 3. Stereocaulon denudatum (Flórke; Bab. l.c. p. 295). Has. On stones, Cheshunt, Archer. 4. Stereocaulon gracilescens (Nyl. Enum. Gen. Lich. p. 97). Has. Granite rocks, St. Patrick’s River, Gunn. VOL. II. 4 U 350 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Zichenes, by Babington $ Mitten. Gen. XII. CLADONIA, Hoffm. l. GRANULOSZ, Fries. 1. Cladonia retipora (Flórke; Bab. 1, c. p. 295). Has. Apparently abundant, Asbestos Hills, Western Mountains, ete., all collectors. 2. Cladonia aggregata (Eschw.; Bab. l. c. p. 295). Has. Abundant everywhere, and very variable in size and hue: very fine in wet places, all collectors. 3. Cladonia rangiferina (Hoffm.; Bab. l. c. p. 296). Has. Probably abundant; collected by Cunningham, Gunn, etc. The following forms may be noticed :—Var. alpestris, Cascades, Port Arthur, Oldfield. Var. sylvatica, Asbestos Hills, Gunn. 2. SQUAMULOSE, Fries. A. .PERVIz, Fries. 4. Cladonia squamosa (Hoffm. ; Bab. l. c. p. 296). Has. Growing among Mosses and Hepatice, Cheshunt, Kangaroo Bottom, etc., Gunn, Hooker, Old- field, Lyall. Mr. Archer has gathered at Cheshunt a form of this species (as it seems) known as C. delicata, Auctt. Dr. Hooker's specimens are very long, flexuous, and decurved, without apothecia. Dr. Taylor considers them to be a new species, which he calls C. decurva in Herb. Hook. 9. Cladonia capitellata (Bab. l. c. p. 296. t. cxxx.). Haz. St. Patrick’s. This is erroneously referred by Dr. Nylander, in his Enum. Gén. des Lich. p. 95, to C. amaurocrea, which it completely resembles indeed at first sight, but differs from it essentially in the perforated axils. 9. Cladonia furcata (Hoffm.; Bab. 1. c. p. 296). Has. Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Collected also by Lawrence and Gunn. (Various forms.) B. ScYPHOPHOREA, Ach. * Apothecia brown. 7. Cladonia pyxidata (Hoffm.; Bab. Le 297). Haz. On the ground, among Mosses, Gunn, Oldfield. 8. Cladonia verticillata (Flórke; Bab. l.c. p. 297). Has. Woods of Mount Wellington, Hooker. 9. Cladonia degenerans (Flórke; Bab. 1. c. p. 297). Haz. Cheshunt, Archer. 10. Cladonia fimbriata (Fries; Bab. l. c. p. 297). Has. On the ground, Asbestos Hills, Gunn. Among Moss, Mount Wellington, Oldfield: both the normal form and the var. Zongipes, Auctt. Southport, Stuart (vars. cornuta, Ach., and conisocraa). 11. Cladonia decorticata ? (Flórke; Bab. Le p. 298). Has. Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Lichenes, by Babington & Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 351 ** Apothecia scarlet. 12, Cladonia cornucopioides (Fries; Bab. l.c. p. 298). Has. Asbestos Hills, Gunz. Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Collected also by Lawrence. 13. Cladonia macilenta (Hoffm.; Bab. l. c. p. 298). Has. Rotten wood, Cheshunt, Archer (normal). Rotten trunks, Brown's River, Oldfield. Dr. Nylander refers the imperfect specimens of Mr. Oldfield to var. seductriz, Del. 14. Cladonia deformis (Hoffm.; Fries, Lich. Eur. p. 239). Has. On the ground, Oldfield. See my remarks on the geographical distribution, 1. e. p. 198. 15. Cladonia digitata (Hoffm.; Bab.l.c. p. 298). Has. On rotten wood, Cheshunt, Archer. 16. Cladonia Florkeana (Fries; Bab. l. c. p. 298). Has. On rotten wood, Falls of the Meander, Western Mountains, Archer. It is possible that this enumeration may not be quite perfect, as there are many specimens which I cannot name satisfactorily. The species of Cladonia which occur in Tasmania have been found also in New Zealand, C. deformis excepted ; and only one species, C. gracilis (considered by many not to be specifically different from C. verticillata), occurs in New Zealand which has not been found in Tasmania. Gen. XIII. BAOMYCES, Pers. 1. Beeomyces heteromorphus (Nyl.); thallus tenuissimus cinereo-glaucescens vel albidus opacus effusus; apothecia pallide carneo-rufa sat parva (altit. circa 2 millim.) stipite crassulo (exsiccato varie compresso vel plicato) supra epithecium exhibentia planum nonnihil fuscescens (0,5-0,9 millim. latum) a stipite persistenter marginatum, margine sepe flexuoso et parum prominulo ; spore 8-nz oblongz incolores simplices, longit. 0,009 millim., crassit. 0,004 millim., paraphyses graciles. Gelatina hymenea iodo non tincta.—Vylander, MSS. (Tas. CC. B.) Has. Clay soil, Oldfield, Gunn. On siliceous clay, Cheshunt, Archer. Puate CC. B. Fig. 1, podetium and portion of thallus; 2, section of apothecium; 3, ascus, spores, and paraphyses :—all magnified. 2. Beeomyces roseus (Pers.; Bab. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 298). Has. On siliceous clay, Cheshunt, Archer. 3. Bzeomyces splachnirima (Mitten).—Parmelia, Tayl. Lich. Antarct. n. 73; et hujus operis, p. 948; “thallo utrinque albido glabro sinuato-lobato, lobis rotundatis crenatis marginibus adscendentibus, gemmis marginalibus plano-granulatis statim in thallum expandentibus, apotheciis centralibus planiusculis disco carneo albo-pruinoso margine tenui undulato," Tayl. /. c.—B. squamarioides, Nylander, MSS. (Tas. CXCIX. C.) Has. On the ground, amongst Hepatice, Gunn, Stuart. A pretty species, with an almost white, thin, foliaceous thallus, which might well be mistaken for a Parmelia. It is thus characterized by Dr. Nylander :—“ Thallus albo- vel albido-glaucescens subopacus squamosus, squamis constitutus mediocribus vel majusculis difformibus (latit. circa 5 millim.) lobatis vel lobato-incisis, sat planis vel nonnihil medio depressis, interdum subimbricatis, subtus concolor vel magis albescens, adfixus (rhizinis tamen non evidentibus); apothecia lurida vel pallide lurida opaca mediocria (latit. 2-3 millim.) prominula sessilia biatorina 352 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [.Zichenes, by Babington & Mitten. plana, margine crassiusculo deplanato-evanescente; spore 8-næ oblonge vel fusiformi-oblongee l-septate, longit. 0,014-17 millim., crassit. 0,0035-0,0045 millim., paraphyses graciles. Gelatina hymenea iodo dilute cerulescens. Facies est Sguamarie cujusdam ex stirpe Squamarie crasse. Thallus plagulas latit. circa pollicaris afferens gonidia continet majuscula spheerica chlorophyllo flavo insignia. Squam:e sat tenues." I have not, however, observed that the spores are l-septate, or that there are more than five in each ascus. It is included under Parmelia, at p. 348 of this volume.—Pr4TE CXCIX. C. Fig. 1, portion of thallus, with apothecia; 2, section of apothecium ; 3, ascus, with spores and paraphyses :—all magnified. Gen. XIV. BIATORA, Fries. l. Biatora marginiflexa (Dab. Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 299). Has. On trees, Circular Head, Gunn. Cheshunt, Archer. 2. Biatora cinnabarina (Fries, Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 300. Less, c.) Has. On trees, Oldfield. Gen. XV, LECIDEA, Ach. l. Lecidea leptocarpa (Nyl. En. Gen. Lich. p. 125). (Tas. CC. C) Has. Granite rocks, St. Patrick's River, Gunn. Prate CC. C. Fig. 1, portion of thallus, with apothecia; 2, section of apothecium :—both magnified. 2. Lecidea petrzea (Flotow). Has. With the former. 9. Lecidea petrzoides (Nyl. En. Gen. p. 125). (Tas. CC. D.) Has. With the former. Prate CC. D. Fig. 1, portion of thallus, with apothecia; 2, section of apothecium and thallus :—magnified. 4. Lecidea atro-alba (Ach.; Fl. N. Zeal. ii. p. 301). Haz. With the former. 5. Lecidea lutea (Borr.; Hook. Brit. Fl. ii. p. 185).—L. Melizea, Ach. Syn. p. 47. Has. On dead fern-stems, Archer. 6. Lecidea Stuartii (Hampe; Nyl. En. Gen. p. 126). Has. Tasmania, Stuart. SUBORDER II. ANGIOCARPI. Gen. XVI. SPHÄEROPHORON, Pers. l. Spheerophoron tenerum (Laur.!; Bab. 1. c. p. 304). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. St. Patrick's River (on Fagus), Gunn. 2. Sphzerophoron australe (Laur.!; Bab. Le p. 304). Han. Cheshunt, Archer. In Fagus forests, on the trunks, Gunn. Some specimens belong to 8. insigne, Laur. !, which appears to be clearly a form of this species. 3. Sphzerophoron compressum (Ach.; Bab. l. c. p- 305). Sé In Fagus forests, Gunn. Probably, as Dr. Nylander suggests, a form of the foregoing. 4. Sphzerophoron coralloides (Pers.; Bab. 1. c. 'p. 304). Has. Cheshunt, Archer. Jachenes, by Babington $ Mitten.] FLORA OF TASMANIA. 358 Gen. XVII. ENDOCARPON, Ach. 1. Endocarpon? fragile (Tayl.!); “thallo cartilagineo lobato rufescente-cinereo subtus pallidiore, lobis imbricatis erectiusculis planis oblongis angulatis subforaminulosis gemmis granulatis marginalibus."— Tayl.! Lich. Antarct. n. 30; Nyland. Enum. Gen. Lich. p. 185. Has. On the ground, among Mosses, Gunn. “Patches 1-2 inches wide, scarcely } inch high. The fronds, rising from a narrow base, are crowded, plicato-convolute or imbricated, umber-coloured, . . . in the dry state very fragile. Sometimes large openings may be observed in the buds, apparently arising from the union of expanding buds.”-—Tayl.! l.c. The plant being barren, its genus, as Dr. Nylander justly observes, is doubtful. SuBorDErR 111. BYSSACEA. Tribe I. COLLEMACEZX. Gen. XVIII. PYRENOPSIS, NyZ. l. Pyrenopsis Tasmanica (Nyl. in Hb. Hook.; Syn. Lich. p. 97). (Tas. CC. Z.) Haz. Granite rocks, St. Patrick's River, Gunn. A full description may be seen in the work above cited.—PrATE CC. E. Fig. 1, portion of fertile state; 2, section of apothecium :—both magnified. Gen. XIX. COLLEMA, Ach. 1. Collema thysanzeum (Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 653; Moug. et Nestl.! n. 453). Has. On bark, Cheshunt, Archer. The specimen agrees with Mougeot’s very well. 2. Collema nigrescens, var. /eucocarpum (Bab. 1. c. p. 308). "Has. On bark, Circular Head, Gunn. 3. Collema flaccidum (Ach.; Bab. l.c. p. 309). Has. On bark, Cheshunt, 4rcher. Mr. Archer has found at Cheshunt a species of Collema different from any of those described above, but has unluckily preserved only one specimen. It is unknown to us, and may be new. The dull-green thallus grows among Mosses, has membranous rounded lobes, in a young state resembling O. crispum, Schær.! Exs. n. 425 (C. cheileum, Ach., according to Nylander, Syn. Lich. p. 111), but afterwards expanding into a larger frond, which is much sinuated, and tomentose beneath with rather shaggy down, as in C. saturninum, Auctt. (to which, how- ever, this cannot belong, not being a Lepfogium), and then resembling a young frond of Sticta Juliginosa.—Apothecia plano-concave, dull-red, fringed with the minute crenated thallod at margin, then convex, emarginate. Gen. XX. LEPTOGIUM, Fries. l. Leptogium tremelloides (Fries; Bab. l. c. p. 308; Nyl. Syn. Lich. pp. 124, 125). Haz. On bark, Chestnut, Archer. The specimens belong to the more brightly coloured form, called by authors Zeptogium (or Collema) azureum. Trise II. CENOGONIEZ. Gen. XXI. C(ENOGONIUM, Zär, 1. Coenogonium Linkii (Ehr. Bab. l. c. p. 310). Has. On bark, in dense forests, Gunn. Cheshunt, Archer. VOL. II. Ae 354 FLORA OF TASMANIA. [Lichenes, by Babington & Mitten. Genus incerte sedis. Gen. XXII. ABROTHALLUS, De Notaris. l. Abrothallus Smithii (Tulasne, Ann. des Sc. Nat, 1852, p. 112) ; apotheciis hemispheericis nigris interdum virescenti-pruinosis, ascis sub-8-sporis, sporis pallide olivaceo-brunneis oblongis obtusis uni-septatis plerumque unum apicem versus incrassatis. (Tas. CC. F. Has. On Parmelia perlata, Ach., Cheshunt, Archer. This curious plant, with no thallus of its own, occurs in a parasitical manner on the thalli of several species of Parmelia, and on some other Lichens having a thallus of a similar substance. In the south of England it is not uncommonly met with on Parmelia perlata and on P, sulcata, Taylor, usually considered a tree-state of P. sazatilis, Ach. The apothecia are prominent, and resemble those of some small Zecidie, black on the surface, paler within ; the spores in Mr. Archer's specimens are about „4155 of an inch in length, and sosy or more wide. The position of this genus is somewhat obscure; in its mode of growth and want of thallus it is allied to some small erumpent Fungi, and to this family it is referred by Nylander; on the other hand De Notaris, Tulasne, and Lindsay, place it amongst the Lichens, to which it has certainly equal claims. The species was originally figured in ‘English Botany, t. 1866, as Lichen parasiticus. A monograph of the genus by Dr. Lauder Lindsay, with very careful figures, was read before the British Association in August, 1856.—Puate CC. F. Fig. 1, vertical section of apothecium ; 2, ascus, paraphysis, and ascus containing spores; 3, spores :—all magnified. 355 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, &c. VOLUME I. (Page 3.) Clematis blanda and C. gentianoides are referred by Dr. Mueller to C. coriacea, DC., in which Mr. Archer agrees. (Page 4.) Clematis Zinearifolia, Steud. : I have referred this doubtfully to C. microphylla, DC. Dr. Mueller confirms this, and the older name of De Candolle should therefore be adopted. (Page 7.) Ranunculus scapigerus, Hook., is referred by Mueller to R. plebejus, Br., an Australian and New Zealand plant. (Pages 8 and 9.) Ranunculus inundatus, Br., and R. glabrifolius, Br., are both referred by Mueller to the New Zealand R. rivularis, Banks et Sol. Archer considers that R. cuneatus, Hook., is a variety of nanus, Hook., and R. inconspicuus, Hook. fil., of R. glabrifolius, Hook. (Page 10.) Ranunculus Pumilio, Br., is considered by Mueller and Archer to be a variety of R. sessiliflorus, Br., and no doubt rightly. (Page 10.) Add— Gen. IV. CALTHA, I. Sepala 5, petaloidea, colorata. Petala 0. Stamina numerosa, rarius definita. Ovaria 5-10, multi- ovulata.—Herbee ; foliis radicalibus, scarioso-stipulatis ; pedunculis 1-fforis. A genus of the north and south temperate and colder zones; more rare on the mountains of intervening latitudes. Several species are found in Fuegia, and one on the mountains of New Zealand, which so closely resembles the Tasmanian species that I doubt their proving distinct.—Caltha is readily distinguished as a genus by its 5-8- petaloid imbricating sepals, absence of petals or glands, and many-seeded carpels. (Name from xaAafos, a cup, in allusion to the form of the flower of the European species.) 1. Caltha ¿introloda (Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Aust.); parvula, foliis longe petiolatis late oblongis inte- gerrimis v. obtuse sinuatis apice obtusis emarginatisve, appendicibus basi sursum inflexis laminee adnatis, scapo brevi crasso, sepalis 5—8 linearibus, staminibus 10, carpellis sub-7 (-5-9) 3-5-spermis. Has. Western Mountains, Archer. Distr. Alps of Victoria, Mueller. A small, tufted, fleshy or thick subcoriaceous herb. Rhizome, with thick fibres, descending. Leaves all springing from the crown of the rhizome, 2-3 inches long, spreading; petioles thick, with broad membranaceous sheathing stipules; lamina coriaceous, 4 inch long; inflexed lobes at the base sometimes wanting in Victoria specimens according to Mueller, sometimes with a lobule at their base externally. Scape very short, sessile among the leaves, 356 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. stout, channelled. Flower about 3 inch across. Petals apparently yellow (white according to Mueller), revolute. Stamens 10 in the only two flowers examined. Ovaries erect. Carpels (ripe) flattened, with a very slightly recurved beak.—I doubt this proving distinct from C. Nove-Zelandie, Hook. fil., from which it differs in the few (10) stamens of the only two perfect flowers I possess, more erect pistils, and longer more adnate inflexed lobes. The foliage, habit, and flower otherwise appear identical. Mueller places most reliance on the colour of the flower, white in this, yellow in the New Zealand plant; but this is a variable character in the northern C. palustris. (Page 21.) Barbarea australis, Hook. fil. Mueller considers this the same with the European B. vulgaris, L., and I am disposed to agree with him. (Page 22.) Hutcbinsia procumbens, Br. The cotyledons are incumbent in this plant, as correctly represented in the “Icones Plantarum,' and as in European specimens. (Page 24.) Draba Pumilio (Br. in DC. Syst. ii. p. 353) ; “scapis nudis 1-floris, foliis radicalibus ovatis integris petiolatis, siliculis ovatis.” Han. Tasmania, Brown. I Know nothing of this plant, which is further thus described by De Candolle :—** A very small glabrous heró. Root perpendicular, simple, very slender. Radical leaves ovate or oval, entire, long-petioled, with the petiole 4 lin. long. Seapes many, radical, naked, one-flowered, 2-3 lines long. Flowers minute, white. Calyx spreading. Petals entire? Silicula ovate; stigma capitate, subpedicellate.” (Page 25.) 3. Lepidium foliosum (Desv. Journ. iii. pp. 164, 180); “siliculis ovali-rhombeis emarginatis, stylo subexserto, foliis oblongis obtusis ad apicem grosse dentatis confertis.”—.DC. Syst. ii. p. 546. Has. D’Entrecasteaux Channel (id. DC.). Abundant on the islands off the south-east coast, never on the main, nor even on Bruni Island, Oldfield (fid. Mueller). I do not know this species, which is thus described by De Candolle :—“ Stem herbaceous, annual ?, robust, erect, branching, branches densely leafy. Leaves glabrous, subfleshy, oblong, obtuse, serrate at the apex with sharp deep teeth, 3 lines broad, the upper three-toothed at the apex. Pedicels subangled, 3 lines long, approximate, obliquely erect. Siliques 2 lines long, almost 2 a line broad, oval-rhomboid, emarginate, valves keeled, stigma subexserted ; seeds red, thickish.—Differs from Z. Piscidium in the siliques being almost twice as large.” I have seen two specimens of what may after all be Desvaux’s plant, one marked ZL. foliosum by Mueller, gathered at Southport, Tasmania; the other collected in Victoria by Harvey. These agree with the description given above, except in the siliques being smaller than in Z. Piscidium, of which I expect my plant (probably ‚ Desyaux’s) is a variety. It differs from Z. cuneifolium in the acute leaves. (Page 26.) Viola hederacea, Lab. Mueller considers this to be very distinct from V. Sieberi, but after another careful examination with Mr. Archer of Sieber’s original specimens and of those figured in the ‘ Flora Exotica, together with a very fine suite of forms (collected by Mr. Archer), we are unable to find any characters that would make of it even a permanent variety. I have not seen Mueller’s specimens. There is, however, a plant which I have regarded as a form of 7. hederacea, with minute flowers and very short pedicels (very analogous to the fertile forms of some European species) which Mr. Archer thinks may prove distinct ; it has a more tufted habit, is smaller in all its parts, has the very short peduncles about half the length of the leaves ; the flowers only 2-5 lines in diameter, and generally violet; the petals recurved and but little longer than the sepals. This bears fertile anthers and also produces seed abundantly, identical with the seed of the com- moner form of Y. hederacea, which, however, also ripens its capsules and seeds. This is either a distinct species or ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 357 is a more fertile reduced state of P. hederacea, with which it agrees so closely in foliage that small specimens of he- deracea can with difficulty be distinguished from it except by the above characters and its solitary, non-stoloniferous habit. The small, more fertile, and short-pedicelled flowers of the European species occur, I believe, on the same plant with the larger, less fertile, long-pedicelled flowers; and if the Tasmanian Viola hederacea presents analogous differences in its flowers to the European, it is the more remarkable case, for its small and large flowers are always on different plants. Mr. Gunn, who sends the small form from granite soil, St. Patrick’s River, elevation 2000 feet, believes that it is not a distinct species, though it grows singly and does not form the large masses that Y. hederacea does in its usual form. Archer, who does consider it distinct, collected it at Cheshunt and on the Western Mountains. 1 have it also from Victoria, collected by Robertson. 3. Viola Cunninghamii, B radicata (Hook. fil. Flor. N. Zeal. i. p. 16); cespitosa, vix stolonifera, glaberrima ; foliis late ovatis obtusissimis crenatis basi subcordatis, petiolo apice dilatato, stipulis lanceo- lato-subulatis remote dentatis, bracteolis parvis, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis, petalis subspathulatis lateralibus obscure barbatis postico emarginato, calcare brevi. Has. Western Mountains, by rivulets, on Cuming's Head, Archer.—(Fl. Dec.) DisrRrB. Mountains of New Zealand. This resembles a good deal the small plant I have just described under Y. hederacea, especially in habit, but is more tufted, has the leaves longer in proportion to their breadth, less rounded or reniform, and has not the waved tooth-margins of F. hederacea, but distinct, broad crenatures ; the long stout peduncle, broader sepals, and scarcely bearded petals further distinguish it well.—Whole plant glabrous, 2-4 inches high. AAizome slender, perpendicular or creeping. Stems extremely short; stolones none. Leaves pale-green, 3-1 inch long, ovate, with rounded apices and crenate margins, always longer than broad, sometimes cordate at the base, never deeply as in V. Caleyana, nor with the broad shallow sinus of Y. hederacea. Flowers pale, ¿4 inch across. Sepals broader and shorter than in J. hederacea ; the petals very similar to those of that plant, as are the capsules and seeds. 4. Viola Caleyana (Don, Syst. Gard. i. p. 329) ; caulescens v. stolonifera, glaberrima; foliis profunde cordatis obtusis crenato-serratis, stipulis bracteolisque foliaceis oblongis obtusiusculis, sepalis falcato-lanceo- latis acuminatis, petalis glabris postico apice bilobo lateralibus glabris oblongo-spathulatis, calcare brevi late saccato. Has. Deloraine, Archer. ` Distr. New South Wales. Illawarra, Backhouse. Victoria, Mueller. A very variable species, quite distinct from any of the former, and easily recognized by the larger stipules and bracteoles, deeply cordate leaf, and bilobed spurred petal.—Rhizome short, very fibrous. Stems or branches 1-10 inches long, tufted or lax and trailing. Petioles slender. Leaves 4-14 inch long, very variable in breadth ; in the Tllawarra specimen the cordate bases are so laterally produced that the leaf is broadly triangular and twice " broad as long. Peduncles slender. Flowers ¿4 inch diam. Sepals all produced at the base. Lateral petals minutely bearded. Anthers as in its Tasmanian congeners. Stigma truncate and minutely toothed. Capsule and seeds as in Y. hederacea.—Don puts this in his section Dischidium, characterized by the bifid stigma and acaulescent habit, but describes the species as caulescent, and the stigma as unknown. I do not on the dried specimens observe the spots he describes on the stem. (Page 27.) Hymenanthera angustifolia, Br., is a native of Victoria. ‚Mueller ee it to be specifically the same with H. dentata, Br., of New South Wales, and H. Banksii, Muell. MSS. H. angus- tifolia grows in Tasmania in the same locality with Discaria (Oldfield). (Page 35.) Tetratheca procumbens, Gunn, MSS. VOL. II. 358 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. Dr. Mueller refers this to 7. calva, Schuckhardt, Syn. Trem., and considers my 7. Gunnii to be a variety of the same, in which Archer agrees. (Page 42.) Scleranthus fascicularis, Hook. fil. Mueller reduces this to a variety of S. biflorus. e (Page 51.) Lasiopetalum micranthum, Hook. fil. This I take to be the Rhynchostemon Tasma- nicus, Muell. MSS., found at Swanport by S/uart. At line 4 from bottom, for acute read minute. (Page 53.) Hypericum gramineum, Forst. Mueller states that this flows into H. Japonicum, Th. (Page 54.) Eucryphia Milliyani, Hook. fil., forms a tree 40 feet high, on Mount Lapeyrouse, retaining' all its characters. (Mueller does not consider it a good species, and Archer is doubtful about it.) (Page 57.) Geranium potentilloides, L? Hérit. Mueller reduces this to a variety of @. dissectum, L., and both he and Oldfield consider its var. B parviflora to be a distinct species. Archer refers both to varieties of G. dissectum. Geranium Zrevicaule, Hook. Mueller considers this quite distinct from @. potentilloides, and says that it inhabits loftier situations. (Page 58.) Pelargonium Acugnaticum, Pet. Th. Mueller and Archer confirm my suspicion of this being referable to P. australe, Willd. (Page 59.) Repera, A. Juss., should be reduced to Zygophyllum (Mueller). (Page 64.) 4. Phebalium Zaviesii (Hook. fil.) ; frutex erectus, lepidotus ; ramis virgatis, foliis angus- tissimis e basi ad apicem sensim dilatatis apice bifidis margine recurvis supra glabris medio profunde sulcatis subtus argenteo-lepidotis, floribus terminalibus umbellatis, pedicellis breviusculis floribusque argenteo et ferrugineo lepidotis. Has. East coast, near St. Helen’s Bay, R. N. Davies, Esq. (Herb. Archer.) À very distinct and pretty species, easily recognized by the slender, twiggy habit, very narrow leaves dilated upwards to the bilobed apex, silvery lepidote scales of their under surface, recurved margins, and terminal umbels of flowers. It is closely allied to P. glandulosum, Hook. (P. sediflorum, Muell) but wants the great tuberculate glands of the upper surface of the leaves. It is also near P. eleagnifolium, Juss., but the foliage is much smaller, narrower, and not tomentose bélow.— Branches very slender, terete, covered with ferruginous scales. Leaves scattered, 1 inch long, + line wide at the tip, glabrous and smooth above, white, with lepidote scales below, where are also occasionally a few scattered ferruginous scales. Flowers 6-8 in an umbel, all terminal. Pedicels stout, $ inch long. Flower hemispherical, 3 lines diam. Calyx short, obscurely lobed. Petals oblong, subacute, white, with large ferruginous glands on the back towards the apex. Filaments slender, exserted. Anthers oblong, with a small apieulus. Ovary glabrous, 5-lobed. Style slender. Phebalium ? truncatum, Hook. fil. The flowers are occasionally pentamerous, as represented in the Plate. Archer has given me beautiful speci- mens in flower and fruit, from Mount Gog. I suspect that Mueller's Eriostemon serrulatum (Fragment. Phyt. iv.), of which I have seen a bad specimen only, is the same as this. Eriostemon verrucosum has been found in Victoria by Mueller. Eriostemon virgatum, A. C., is E. Oldfieldii, Mueller. : (Page 66.) Archer considers that Boronia citriodora, Gunn, and B. Gunnii, Hook. fil., may pos- sibly prove varieties of B, pilosa, Lab. : - ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 359 (Page 68.) Mueller considers that his Boronia dentigera, Trans. Viet, Instit. 1855, p. 32, men- tioned under B. variabilis, is a very distinct species, having rough seeds. (Page 69.) Discaria australis occurs in one spot only on Brown's River, south of Hobarton, the most southerly habitat I am acquainted with (O/dfield). (Page 76.) Pomaderris discolor, Vent., is regarded by Archer as a variety of P. elliptica, Lab. (Page 79.) Stackhousia. In the generic character, line 2, for longioribus read brevioribus; and in the English description of the genus, ` at p. 80, line 1, for longer read shorter. When I drew up the characters of the species of this genus, I had not seen the elaborate monograph of Schuckhardt, published in the Linnea, 1853, the results of which are so different from mine that I have again attempted to settle the limits of the species of this puzzling genus. 1. Stackhousia monogyna, Lab., and S. obtusa, Lindl. S. monogyna, according to Labillarditre, should have one bract and two minute deciduous lateral ones, and his figure accords well with Lindley’s t. 1916 in most respects. Lindley further describes the bracts as very short, shorter than the calyx, and membranaceous, but figures those of the lower flowers as longer than the calyx. The S. obtusa he distinguishes by having the bracts longer than the calyx, and the spike shorter, and cylindrical. None of these characters are constant in Gunn's specimens ; and in my own, gathered near Hobarton, I find the bract varying from shorter than the calyx to half as long as the corolla. Schuckhardt gives no distinguishing characters, but describes the corolla of 5. monogyna as flavescent (which Lindley figures white), and of 5. obtusa as yellow (lutea). Archer considers them the same, and Gunn also observes that he found connecting specimens between S. obtusa and monogyna. The lateral bracts are evanescent in most of the Tasmanian specimens. 2. Stackhousia Gunnii, Hook. fil., is considered by Archer to be a variety of 8. monogyna, and no doubt rightly so. 3. Stackhousia maculata, Sieb. 246. Schuckhardt remarks that no such species exists in the Herbarium Rudolphianun, where all Sieber’s plants are without exception to be found. Sieber's plant is, however (probably erroneously), named 8. maculata in the Hookerian Herbarium, Fl. Nov. Holl, n. 246, and it is no doubt S. spathulata, Sieb., of Rudolph. Herb. (Schuckhardt, p. 20), S. maritima, Muell. MSS., S. cuneata, A. Cunn., Tripterococcus spathulatus, Mueller. This appears to be a maritime species. 4. Stackhousia flava, Hook. fil. 5. Stackhousia pulvinaris (Mueller, Fragm. Phyt.) ; parvula, intricatim ramosa ; foliis lineari-oblongis spathulatisve obtusis, floribus solitariis ramulos terminantibus, stylo brevissimo profunde 3—4-fido. Haz. Western Mountains, in moist places, Archer. DisrRrB. Australian Alps, Mueller. A very singular little speeies, scarcely 9 inches high, very different in habit and appearance HO any of its congeners. Mueller observes that it forms a carpet on the summits of the Australian Alps, speckled with fragrant, starry flowers.—S/ems much branched, slender, tufted and interwoven together. Leaves + inch long, glabrous, g, bright-green. Flowers solitary, terminal, scarcely rising above the leaves, rather fleshy, linear-spathulate or oblong i ; yellow. Stamens nearly equal in Archer's specimens, two shorter than the others in Mueller’s. Anthers glabrous. Style very short, cleft almost to the base. Stackhousia Gunnii, Schlecht. in Linnea, xx. 642, founded on Lindley’s figures of S. monogyna, appears to have no characters at all. Schuckhardt quotes it (altering the name to Gunniana), but does 360 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. not allude to Lindley’s figure, nor give any habitat or authority for the specimens from which his full de- scription is drawn up. Mueller considers it a form of S. monogyna, together with S. Huegelii, Endl., and S. obtusa, Lindl. Stackhousia pubescens, Rich., is erroneously described as Tasmanian by Schuckhardt, who assumes that Richard himself collected in the island. Stackhousia aspericocca, Schuckh. I have tropical specimens so called, of this, from Mueller (Dawson River), and from M‘Gillivray (Port Curtis), in all which the lateral bracts are well developed. I have seen no Victoria specimens, but have some of the S. monogyna from that country with larger lateral bracts than usual; nor have I any Tasmanian specimens. Stackhousia Muelleri, Schuckh. 1. c. p. 16. I do not recognize this species, which is said to have been gathered in Victoria by Mueller, and in Tasmania by Stuart. All its bracts are described as being very broad and membranous, and it may prove another form of 8. monogyna, judging from the description only. (Page 84.) LEGUMINOSA. Oldfield remarks that this Order disappears in the country west of Recherche Bay. Acacia stricta there advances some few miles inland, and thence for thirty-five miles westward Oldfield did not meet with another species, though he travelled over localities of all elevations and aspects. This is an analogous fact to that of the rarity of the Order in New Zealand, Fuegia, and other humid temperate regions. (See Flora Antarctica, ii. 261.) (Page 85.) In the generic character of Dillwynia, for “vexillum duplo longius quam latum" read “ duplo latius quam longum.” (Page 86.) In the English generic character of Pultenea the seeds should have been described as strophiolate (as in Tab. XIII. and in the Latin character). (Page 88.) Pultenza pimeleoides, Hook. fil., Mueller regards as the same with P. dentata, Lab. (Page 89.) Pultenæa Hidbertioides, Hook. fil., Mueller refers to P. mollis, Lindl. (Page 90.) Pultenza cordata, Grah. Mueller and Archer both refer this to P. juniperina, Lab. (Page 91.) Pultenea diffusa, Hook. fil. | Mueller refers this to Phyllota (Fragment. Phyt. Austr.), in which Bentham does not concur. This is a native of Victoria. (Page 93.) Pultenea Beckioides (A. Cunn.) ; “ ramulis minute puberulis, foliis minimis ovatis con- vexis mucrone brevissimo subrecurvo vel muticis coriaceis glabris v. subtus tenuissime pubescentibus, stipulis setaceis minutis, floribus axillaribus brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis bracteolisgue minutis v. sub- nullis, leguminibus villosis obtusis.’—Benth. in Ann. Vien. Mus. ii. p. 83. Has. Tasmania, 4. Cunningham (fid. Benth.). Disrris. Victoria, Mueller, etc. I have given Bentham's description of this plant, which Mueller informs me is found in Tasmania. His Vietoria specimens so closely resemble the small states of P. Gunnii B, that I do not see how they are to be distin- guished from that plant. 1 find what appears to be the same thing in Bentham's herbarium, marked P. brachypoda, Muell., from Australia Felix, and P. cordifolia, Hook., from Argyll, Lhotsky. y; (Page 96.) Bossima cordigera, Benth., is perhaps B. horizontalis, Muell., and if so, is a native of ictoria. ; ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 361 (Page 97.) Goodia. For “ Zatifolia” read “ lotifolia.” Mueller and Archer both unite G. pubescens, Sims, with lotifolia, and Mueller informs me that @.? polysperma, DC., is a Cape Argyrolobium. Oldfield remarks that G. lotifolia has bracteoles and stipules. (Page 100.) The genus Swainsonia, Salisb., was named after Mr. Isaac Swainson, an amateur hor- ticulturist at Twickenham, and not, as stated, after the late eminent zoologist. (Page 102.) Insert— Gen. XVII. bis. HARDENBERGIA, Benth. Calyx campanulatus, 5-dentatus, sub-2-labiatus. ^ Vexillum orbiculatum, exappendiculatum, alas obligue obovato-oblongas superans. Carina alas brevior, iisdem adherens, incurva. Stamina diadelpha. Ovarium pluri-ovulatum. Stylus brevis, subulatus. Legumen lineare, compressum, intus septis cellulosis multiloculare. Semina strophiolata.—Frutices volubiles; folis unifoliolatis v. pinnatim 3-foliolatis ; stipulis bracteisque minutis; pedunculis axillaribus, multifloris ; pedicellis ebracteatis ; calycibus glabris. A small genus of extratropical Australian climbing plants, closely allied to Kennedya and Leptocyamus ; differing from the former in the calyx not being so bilabiate, the vexillum longer than the ale, and short style. (Name in honour of the Countess Hardenberg, of Vienna.) 1. Hardenbergia ovafa (Benth. Pl. Hugel. p. 40) ; foliis 1-foliolatis ovatis, racemis axillaribus pau- cifloris.—Benth. Aun. Vien. Mus. ii. p. 194. Kennedya ovata, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2169. DC. Prod. li. p. 384. Has. Rocky hills, near Frogmore, Richmond, Oldfield. Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. (Cultivated in England.) Root perennial, long, woody, thicker than the finger, used as Sarsaparilla in Victoria (Adamson). Stems slender, rigid, terete, climbing, ribbed above. Leaves scattered, hard, coriaceous, unifoliolate, ovate, rather obtuse, 2-3 inches long, variable in breadth, strongly reticulate on both surfaces, rather glaucous below. Stipules oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, li lin. long. Racemes short, axillary, erect, shorter than the leaves, slightly hairy. Pedicels slender, with small, lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous bracts at the base. Flowers blue or white, about 4 inch long. Calyr glabrous, shortly toothed. Pod 14 inch long, + inch broad, flat, nearly straight, subacute at both ends. Seeds about 6, oblong, black, with a large white strophiolus ;—(described from Australian specimens.) (Page 102.) Under the remarks upon Lept. Tasmanicus, for “Mueller” read “ Meisner, in Plant. Preiss. i. p. 94, in note.” (Page 114.) 2. Geum renifolium (Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1857) ; sericeo-pilosum ; foliis omnibus radicalibus simplicibus reniformi-rotundatis obscure lobatis crenatis, scapis simplicibus v. bifidis 1-3-bracteatis, bracteis profunde lobatis, floribus amplis, calyce tomentoso, petalis albis, capitulis globosis, acheniis stylisque gracilibus apice uncinatis longe pilosis. Haz. Mount Lapeyrouse, Stuart. I have seen but one imperfect specimen of this fine plant, sent by Mueller. It resembles a good deal the American G. radiatum, Mich.— Leaves all radical, simple, rounded-reniform, crenate, almost villous on both sur- faces, closely reticulate, about 14 inch across. Scapes stout, 6-10 inches long, with several lobed bracts. Flowers variable in size, 3-14 inch across. Petals white. Achenia small, not compressed, attenuated into a slender, straightish style, which is hooked at the very apex only, villous with long straight hairs. 4z VOL. II. 362 ; ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. (Page 115.) Epilobium. Mueller considers that all the Australian species are referable to one; Archer that E glabellum, Forst., is referable to E. tetragonum, L, (Page 119.) Haloragis pinnatifida, A. Gray ;—referred by Sonder (Linneea, xii. p. 231) to Brongniart's H. heterophylla. Strathallan, near the Jordan, Oldfield. (Page 120.) Haloragis Gunnii, Hook. fil. This should bear the name of H. teucrioides, Schlecht. ; it is also H. elata, Sonder, in Linnza, xii. 230. It is further also a native of Victoria, as is H. depressa, Walp. Archer considers that this, H. tetragyna, Lab., and H. depressa, Hook. fil., may possibly all prove to be varieties of one species. (Page 122.) Myriophyllum variefolium, Hook. fiL, is referred by Sonder to M. verticillatum, L. (Linnza, xii. 233.) (Page 124.) Add, as a doubtful member of the order, — P Gen. V. CERATOPH YLLUM, ZL. Flores monoici. Perianthium axillare, sessile, multifidum. ¢ Anthere plurimee, 2-loculares, inde- hiscentes. 9 Ovarium 1, sessile, 1-loculare. Ovudum 1, pendulum, orthotropum. Stylus terminalis, apice hinc stigmatosus. Nue coriacea, sepissime basi bi-aculeata, stylo apiculata. Semen pendulum. Embryo exalbuminosus ; cotyledonibus 4, verticillatis ; plumula polyphylla ; radicula brevissima.—Herbe demerse ; foliis vertieillatis, rigidulis, di-trichotome multifidis. A genus of submerged water-plants, found in many temperate and tropical parts of the globe. Stems 6-10 inches long. Leaves whorled, slender or almost capillary, divided into more or less elongated lacinise, sometimes remiotely toothed. Flowers very rarely produced (I have seen none in Tasmanian specimens), small, axillary, sessile, mon- cecious. Perianth of several small leaves, enclosing in the male flower many sessile anthers, and in the female a solitary, one-celled, one-seeded ovary, with a simple style. Fruit a small coriaceous nut, with usually two spines diverging downwards from towards the base below the middle, and a persistent, terminal style. (Name from xepas, a horn, and dvAXov, a leaf, in allusion to the foliage.) 1. Ceratophyllum demersum (Linn. ; Engl. Bot. t. 947). Has. Still water, Launceston, Lawrence, Disrris. South-eastern and tropical Australia, Asia, Africa, and America, generally. (Page 133.) Eucalyptus Risdoni, Hook. fil. Dr. Mueller reduces this to E. cordata, an opinion I cannot coincide in. (Page 139.) Leptospermum Zanigerum, Sm., and Z. Jlavescens, Sm., are considered varieties of one by Archer; also Z. myrtifolium, Sieb., and ZL. rupestre, Hook. fil. (Page 141.) Bieckia 2%ymifolia, Hook. fil., is regarded by Archer as a variety of B. diffusa, Sieb. (Page 148.) Tetragonia implexieoma, Hook. fil. I have good fruit of this from Archer and Mueller.—The styles vary from 2-3. The flowers are hermaphrodite, and smell of hawthorn. The Zerries spherical and red.—F. Mueller. (Page 149.) Bauera microphylla, Sieb. Mueller considers this to be quite a distinct species. (Page 152.) Hydrocotyle Zasmanica, Hook. fil., is, according to Archer, a variety of H. Air/a, Br. (Page 153. Hydrocotyle pterocarpa, Muell. Add to habitat—Southport, Oldfield. ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 363 (Page 159.) Microsciadium Sazifraga, Hook. fil. I overlooked the fact that this generic name, having been preoccupied, has been replaced by Ochotzia, Walpers. (Page 161. Add— Gen. X. dis. GINGIDIUM, Forst. (Anisotome, Hook. fil. Fl. Ant. and N. Zeal.) Dioicum v. polygamo-monoicum. Fructus dorso compressus, late ovato-oblongus v. elongatus, alatus Carpella plano-convexa, dissimilia, rarius conformia, unico jugis 5 omnibus alatis, altero sepius abortivo, jugis 4-5 filiformibus alatisve, valleculis grosse vittatis, semine tereti v. profunde sulcato. Calycis margo contractus, inzequaliter 5-dentatus. Petala apice inflexa. Stylopodia 4 magna, depressa; stylis 9 elongatis. —Herbe habitu varie, erecta, prostrate v. subscandentes ; foliis pinnatis v. decompositis ; umbellis com- positis; involucris 0 v. oligophyllis, sepe foliosis. - In the present state of the Umbellifere as regards systematic arrangement, it is impossible to define most of the European and Asiatic genera, and until the limits of these are better settled, the few Australian members of the Order cannot be definitely classified. My generic name Anisotome was anticipated by Anisofoma, Fenzl (Linnzea, xvii. 330), a genus of Asclepiadee. 1 have somewhat reluctantly followed Mueller in restoring Forster’s name of Gingidium, a name of Dioscorides and Pliny, not only because it was originally applied to a totally different plant of the northern hemisphere, but because Forster's description and figure of the fruit of the New Zealand Gingidium montanum (Anisotome Gingidium, Fl. N. Zeal. i. 89) is so totally unlike any plant of the Order, that it was only after inspecting Forster's specimens when preparing the New Zealand Flora, that 1 found his species of Gingidium belonged to my genus 4nisotome. Mueller, who first described the following and another Australian alpine species from Victoria, reduces also the New Zealand genus Aciphylla, Forst., to Gingidium.—As a genus, this may be known from its Tasmanian congeners by its dicecious habit, broad, flat, sometimes unegual, carpels, with 4-5 acute ridges on each, 5-toothed calyx, inflexed stamens, large stylopodia, and suberect styles. 1. Gingidium ($ Aciphylla) procumbens, Muell. (Fragment. Phyt. Aust. p. 15); pumilum, dioicum ; caule procumbente ramoso-folioso, foliis coriaceis ambitu late ovatis bipinnatis, rachi rachillaque articulatis, pinnis 5-6-jugis, pinnulis paucijugis laciniatis segmentis confertis lineari-lanceolatis, pedunculis aphyllis, involucro oligophyllo partiali polyphyllo, mericarpiis subegualibus. Has. Summit of Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. A small species, growing in tufts often a foot across. Leaves with the blade about 1 inch long; sheaths obtuse, membranous; pinnules 2-3 lin. long, 3 lin. broad. Uméels compound: male of many rays; female of few. Fruit 1} lin. long. (Page 163.) Panax Gwanii, Hook. fil. Berries black, resembling those of Ligustrum vulgare, Oldfield. (Page 171.) Comrosrra. See additional observations at the end of the Order, p. 228. (Page 175.) Archer regards Zurybia lirata, DC., and E. Gunniana, DC., as referable to E. fulvida, Cass. e (Page 181.) Eurybia ericoides, Nob. (non Steetz), E. Hookeri, Sond. (vide p. 229), was also found on Mount Wellington by Gunn. (Page 183.) Erigeron pappochroma, Lab., E. MNA Hook. fil., and E Gunnii, Muell., may possibly prove varieties of one species. 364 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. (Page 188.) Paquerina graminea, Cass. Mueller refers this to Brachycome, and includes under it B. parvula, Hook. fil. (p. 185), adding that it is found at Moreton Bay, the Murray River, and Spenser's Gulf.— (Fragment. Phyt. p. 49.) (Page 189.) Lagenophora /atifolia, Hook. fil., and L. montana, Hook. fil., are regarded by Archer as varieties of one, (Page 195.)— Gen. XI. dis. TRINEURON, Hook. fil. Capitulum heterogamum, discoideum. Jnvolucrum campanulatum, squamis 2-seratis, linearibus, coriaceis, eegualibus. Receptaculum angustum, papillosum, nudum. Floseuli radi? 9 , pluriseriati, 8-10. Corolla tubulosa, elongata, 3-4-fida, stylo longe exserto bifido; disci d', pauci, tubo superne subcampanu- lato 4-fido; staminibus 4; antheris ecaudatis ; stylo exserto, apice incrassato brevissime bifido. Pappus 0. Achenium fl. 9 lineari- v. obovato-oblongum, 3—4-gonum, angulis incrassatis, fl. & breve, stipitiforme. —Herbe alpine et Antarctica, cespitose, glaberrime v. puberule, subcoriacee ; foliis alternis, linearibus, spathulatisve ; capitulis breve peduneulatis ; floribus inconspicuis. This genus, which inhabits the Victoria Alps, the mountains of New Zealand, and Lord Auckland’s Island, is very closely allied to Abrotanella of Fuegia, and Seleroleima of Tasmania.—Small, tufted herbs, often forming broad patches on the ground. Leaves crowded, alternate, linear or spathulate, entire. Capitula on terminal peduncles, or sessile amongst the uppermost leaves, oblong. Involucre of two series of linear, erect, coriaceous scales. Florets all tubular, outer female in several series, with a cylindrical, narrow, three- or four-toothed corolla ; style thick, exserted, bifid, with rounded, glabrous apices to the lobes, and a tuberous base. Male florets fewer, sub- campanulate above, quadrifid ; stamens four, anthers hardly cohering, style rather incrassated at the top, obscurely two-lobed. Achenium with three or four thickened angles. Pappus none. (Name from rpeıs, three, and vevpov, a nerve ; in allusion to the three transparent nerves of the involucral scales.) 1. Trineuron seapigerum (Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1857, p. 70); erectum, puberulum; foliis lanceolatis lineari-spathulatisve acutis, capitulis confertis. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield and Stuart (Mueller). Stems 2-4 inches high. Leaves puberulous, linear, spathulate or lanceolate, acute, 4—1 inch long. Peduncle or flowering stem 2 inches high. Capitula about + inch long, subcorymbose ; scales of the involucres with three _ transparent nerves ; flowers all quadrifid.— Muell. (Page 197.) Craspedia macrócephala, Hook., and C. alpina, Back., are confidently referred to C. Richea, Cass., by Archer. (Page 217.) Gnaphalium a/pigenum, Muell. Mr. Archer agrees with me in thinking this an alpine form of G. collinum, Lab. He has found on the Western Mountains a very distinet-looking variety of it, growing prostrate, with the leaves uniformly clothed with silvery wool on both surfaces, and one or (rarely) two capitula. This is the G. involucratum, var. radicans, and var. monocephalum, Muell., who discovered it on the Australian Alps at elevations of 5—6000 feet. His specimens, when old, become scapigerous, the solitary capitula being borne on an elongated, slender, erect stem. To Archer and myself it appears more referable to G. collinum or alpigenum than to involucratum. G. collinum, var. monocephalum ; parvulum, foliis confertis undique appresse argenteo-lanatis, capitulis solitariis sessilibus v. post anthesin pedunculatis.—G. involucratum, var. monocephalum et radicans, Muell. Has. Western Mountains, Archer. The involucral scales are more numerous and in more series in this than in G. alpigenum, but the plants are otherwise very similar, and all approach states of G. involucratum very closely. ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 365 (Page 224.) To Senecio add— $ 4. Stems none. Leaves all radical. 10. Senecio primulefolius (Muell. Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1855, p. 69) ; perennis; caule simplici basi sericeo-tomentoso, foliis radicalibus confertis petiolatis ovato-cordatis obtusis repandis subtus v. utrinque araneosis, caulino amplexicauli dentato, pedicellis 2-3 lanuginosis 1-bracteatis, involucro late campanulato, foliolis lineari-lanceolatis apice barbatis, ligulis magnis, acheniis glabris pappo ter brevioribus, Has. Mount La Peyrouse, Oldfield and Stuart (Mueller). A scapigerous species, covered loosely with cobwebby wool. Leaves petioled, oblong, rounded at the apex, cordate at the base, about l inch long, glabrous above. Scape, in the only specimen 1 have seen (from Mueller), 6 inches long, with one large, sessile, auriculate, toothed bracteal leaf, bearing two capitula, neither of them expanded. 11. Senecio papillosus (Muell. l.c.) ; perennis; caule simplici unifloro pubescente basi dense piloso, foliis radicalibus confertis parvis ovato-spathulatis integerrimis in petiolum angustatis superne papillis asperis subtus subpilosis, caulinis anguste lanceolatis, pedunculo apice bracteato, involucri hemispherici foliolis sub-20 lineari-lanceolatis aþice sphacelatis et barbatis, ligulis magnis, acheniis glabris. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield and Stuart (Mueller). A robust, scapigerous species, of which I have two specimens from Mueller. Leaves crowded, small for the size of the plant, 3-2 of an inch long, spathulate, rather coriaceous, entire, with revolute margins covered with soft sete that spring from a rigid, tubercular base. Under-surface and scape with longer, scattered, white hairs, and abundantly clothed above with woolly, glandular hairs. Scape 8 inches high, stout, with a few small linear bracts. Capitulum solitary, 1 inch broad. (Page 240.) Gualtheria antipoda, Forst., y, is also found on Mount Lapeyrouse by Oldfield. (Page 244.) Stenanthera pinifolia, Br. a Haz. Bruni Island, Oldfield. (Page 245.) Cyathodes macrantha, Hook. fil, is considered to be a variety of C. straminea by Archer, (Page 247.) Cyathodes abietina, Br. At Southport, growing only 1-14 feet high, Stuart (Mueller in lit.). (Page 248.) Lissanthe dapknoides, Br.—Pillwater, Oldfield. (Page 249.) Leucopogon affinis, Br. Mueller informs me that this is a very distinct species, differing in its red, compressed, bilocular drupe. It extends northwards to Moreton Bay. (Page 251.) Leucopogon ciliatus, A. C. Mueller confirms my suggestion, by referring this to Z. collinus, Br. (Page 253.) Decaspora. Mueller modifies the generic character thus :—“ Calyx 2-pluri-bracteolatus. Corolle limbus glaber v. barbatus. Bacca 5-12-pyrena." (Page 254.) Decaspora Gwnnii, Hook. fil.—Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. (Page 255.) Pentachondra involucrata, Hook. fil.—Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. DA VOL. II. 366 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. “ Calyce corollae tubo equante.”—Muell. (Page 256.) Epacris Gunnii, Hook. fil. Mueller refers this to E. microphylla, Br., a native of Australia from Moreton Bay to IM but I cannot think these plants the same. ` (Page 257.) Epacris cezzffora, Grah., and E. ruscifolia. Mueller and Archer both refer these to E. impressa, Lab. (Page 258.) Epacris /anuginosa, Lab., and E mucronulata, Br, are pot referred by Mueller to Z. heteronema, Lab. (Page 260.) Epacris serpylli Zei: Br., becomes a twiggy shrub, 3 feet high, on Mount Wellington, Oldfield. Archer refers this, E. exserta, Br.; and E virgata, Hook. fil., to E. myrtifolia, Lab. (Page 262.) Prionotes cerinthoides, Br. : At Southport and on Mount Lapeyrouse this attains a great height, by rooting in the bark of trees, Stuart.— I am disposed to refer the genus to Hricee proper. (Page 263.) Archeria Airiella, Hook. fil. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. Archeria eriocarpa, Hook. fil. Mueller considers this to be a variety of hirtella, I think, erroneously. Archeria minor, Hook. fil. Undoubtedly a variety of 4. serpyllifolia, Hook. fil., which is found on Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. (Page 264.) TE Mueller thus modifies the generic character :—“ Petala basi connata, demum soluta.” Archer refers S. propinqua, A. C., and S. montana, Br., to forms of S. incarnata, Sm. Sprengelia propinqua, A. Cunn. Mount Lapeyrouse and Western Mountains, Oldfield.—Caulis 8-10-pedalis, Mueller. B. demissa (Muell. Fragment. Phyt. p. 39); parvula, prostrata; foliis minoribus sensim acuminatis, floribus sæpe solitariis, Mueller. Has. Summit of Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield.. (Page 265.) Cystanthe. Mueller (Fragment. Phyt. p. 37) i includes Pilitis as a section of this genus, and adds a third section and new species :— $ LOBANTHERA. Anthere longitudinaliter a medio ad apicem dehiscentes, hinc bilobe. Squamule hypogyne 0. 2. Cystanthe procera (Mueller, l.c.) ; foliis demum recurvo-patentibus angusto-lanceolatis, adultis ovato-lanceolatis, omnibus sensim longe aristatis, corolle cono fere triplo longiore quam lato, filamentis crassiusculis. Has. Plains of Southport, Oldfield. A tree 20-30 feet high. Leaves nearly 1 inch long, with scabrous margins. Fruit unknown. (Page 267.) Richea dracophylla, Br. Mueller considers that this is not the plant figured by Guillemin. Add to habitats—various places in the southern parts of the island, Oldfield. ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 367 (Page 267.) Richea scoparia, Hook. fil. Mueller considers this to be the R. dracophylla of Guill., 1. c. (not of Brown), and adds that it attains 20 feet in height. (Page 278.) — Gen. XVIII. DRACOPHYLLUM. Calyx 5-phyllus, bracteatus. Corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis ; loborum apicibus incurvis, imberbi- bus. Stamina 5, hypogyna v. corolla inserta. Sguame hypogynm 5. Ovarium 5.loculare; ovulis column: centrali pendulz affixis. Capsula loculicide 5-locularis.—Arbores, frutices, suffruticesve ; ramis cicatricatis, annulatis ; foliis linearibus gramineisve, basi vaginantibus ; floribus solitariis, racemosis, paniculatis spicatisve. A very fine genus, abundant in New Zealand, rarer in Australia and Tasmania; one species is found in New Caledonia.— Trees or shrubs, sometimes very small. Branches with annulate scars from the sheathing bases of the deciduous leaves. Flowers racemose or spicate, rarely panicled, pedicelled. Pedicels bracteate. Calyz of five leaves. Corolla broadly tubular. Filaments free or attached to the corolla. Hypogynous scales five. Ovary five- celled, with pendulous placentz. Capsule dry, five-valved. (Name from ôpaxov, a dragon, and $vAXov, a leaf ; from the analogy of the foliage with that of Dracena.) 1. Dracophyllum Milligani (Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 845); subacaule; foliis coriaceis rigidis subulatis superne concavis falcato-secundis apice incurvis tortisve spicam superantibus margine asperulis, pedunculo pubescente, spicis brevibus in spicam amentiformem longe bracteatam confertis, staminibus hypogynis, squamis hypogynis brevibus.— Gunn, 2051. Has. Mount Sorrell, Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. Whole plant apparently forming a low, rigid, tufted shrub, a foot high, branching from the very base. Leaves densely crowded, a span to 10 inches long, very rigid, subsecund, gradually tapering from a broad sheathing base to an incurved or twisted tip, concave on the back, convex in front; margins rough. Peduncle bearing a erowded mass of flowers, towards its summit sometimes 13 foot long, formed of short sessile spikes, subtended by long leafy bracts. Flowers small, white? — The inflorescence of this is similar in structure to that of Richea draco- phylla, Br. 2. Dracophyllum minimum (Muell. Fragment. Phyt. Aust. p. 39); humillimum, glaberrimum; foliis parvis arcte imbricatis e basi cordata in acumen longum angustatis, floribus solitariis sessilibus terminali- bus, filamentis tubo corolle adnatis, squamis hypogynis bidentatis. : | Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, growing amongst masses of Plerygopappus, Oldfield (Mueller). I am indebted for the means of describing this remarkable little plant to Mueller. It differs conspicuously from the D. Milligani in its adnate filaments, in this respect resembling the New Zealand species.—A minute plant, 1-2 inches high. Leaves about 2 lines long, with broad cordate bases and sharp trigonous apices. Flower solitary, sessile amongst the upper leaves, very small; corolla 2 lines long. (Page 270.) 2. Sebma ($ Phyllocalyx) albidiflora (Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1854-5, p. 4T) ; caule erecto tenuiter alato, foliis subcarnosis enerviis late ovatis inferioribus subrotundatis, sepalis vix carinatis oblongis obtusis basi alatis, floribus 4-fidis.—Xew Journ. Bot. ix. p. 164. Haz. Saline pastures, Georgetown (Mueller). Disrris. Victoria: Port Phillip to Port Fairy. Distinguished from 8. ovata, Br., to which in habit it is very similar, by the shorter, broader, blunter leaves, white flower, and especially by the broader sepals. 368 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. (Page 271.) Gentiana montana, Forst., and 8 G. Diemensis. Mueller says that these are different species; G. montana is annual, rarely biennial, flowers first, and has smaller flowers; and that @. Diemensis, Griseb., is perennial, has larger flowers, produced later, and is always very alpine. (Page 272.) 2. Villarsia exigua, (Limnanthemum, Muell. Fragm. Phyt. p. 40); glabra; foliis minutis ovatis indistincte venosis, pedunculis solitariis paucisve, calycis 5-fidi dentibus lanceolato-deltoideis, corolla calycem paulo superante flava lobis integerrimis, stylo brevi, capsula basi calyce adnata. Has. Salt-marshes, at Southport, Oldfield (Mueller). Mueller describes this as a small, stoloniferous, floating herb, with ovate or rounded leaves 2-6 lines long. Peduncles as long as the petioles or shorter. Calyx scarcely 2 lines long. Petals naked. Capsule ovate, adnate with the calyx below.—Allied to Y. capitata, Nees, of Swan River, and V. minima of tropical Australia (Mueller). Liparophyllum. Mueller reduces this to a section of Limnanthemum, Gmel. (Villarsia, Vent.), and I have no doubt correctly, and it may hence bear the name of Y. or L. Gunnii. (Page 275.) 6. Mitrasacme Archeri (Hook. fil.) ; ceespitosa, glaberrima; foliis parvis imbricatis oblongo-lingulatis basi in tubulum connatis coriaceis cartilagineo-marginatis, floribus solitariis terminalibus sessilibus, sepalis 4, 2 exterioribus foliiformibus basi connatis 2 interioribus parvis, stylis distinctis. Has. Western Mountains, Archer. A small, densely tufted species, allied to M. montana, Hook, fil., and precisely like it in the structure of the calyx, which appears to consist of only the two inner, small, ovate-lanceolate segments, the two outer being alto- gether like the leaves, and connate into a tube at the base.—A minute, glabrous, tufted herb. Stems 2-12 inch high, with imbricating, glossy, coriaceous, almost cartilaginous, linear-oblong, subacute leaves, which have pale edges and a very few cilia at the margin, near their connate bases, 3-15 inch long. Flower sessile, solitary. Corolla short, four-cleft to the middle; lobes ovate, acute. Stamens inserted just within the throat. Capsule with broadly diverging lobes exactly as in M. montana. (Page 278.) Cuscuta australis, Br. Engelmann considers the Tasmanian plant to be distinct and very remarkable on account of its almost funnel- shaped stigma. It, however, agrees perfectly with Brown's character of O. australis, except in the scales reaching halfway up the filaments. The styles are very long; the stigmas large, obscurely bilobed, and the calyx-lobes narrower than in another Australian species called O. australis by Mueller (east coast, tropical Australia, D. Moore, and Goulbourn River, Victoria, Mueller), and which is referred by Engelmann to a var. (squamis vix ullis) of the South American O. obtusiflora, H.B.K. My New Zealand C. densiflora is considered by Engelmann to be scarcely distinct from the C. racemosa of S. America ; it has broad sepals, very large fimbriated scales rising a little above the _ bases of the filaments, and capitate, obscurely four-lobed stigmas. The whole genus appears to me to be in confusion. (Page 280.) Cynoglossum suaveolens, Br., referred to in the observations under C. australe, Br., has been confounded by me with that plant from having been accidently mixed in Gunn’s collections. Their diagnoses (well given by Brown) are as follows :— 1, Cynoglossum australe (Br. Prod. p. 495); racemis ebracteatis, foliis omnibus lanceolatis. Has. Abundant in dry pastures throughout the Island, Guan, ete. (o, v.) Disrris. New South Wales and Victoria. 2. Cynoglossum suaveolens (Br. ]. c.) ; racemis bracteatis, foliis superioribus basi latioribus. Has. Abundant in dry soil, Guna, ete. (v. v.) ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 369 Disrmis. New South Wales, Victoria, and Swan River. Of these species O. suaveolens is generally, but not always smaller, has bracts at the base of the pedicel of each flower, and smaller yellowish flowers smelling strongly of storax; the flowers of O. australis are blue and inodorous. (Page 281.) Mentha gracilis, Br., is considered by Archer to be a form of M. australis, Br. (Page 284.) 4. Prostanthera cuneata, Benth. Mueller tells me this is the P. retusa, Br. Prod. p. 509, which name it should bear. (Page 285.) Westringia angustifolia, Br., is very different from W. eremicola, A. C. (Mueller). (Page 288.) Solanum aviculare, Forst. t Berries oblong, yellow.— Mueller remarks that the plant which I have described under this name is certainly Forster's, and is Brown's $. laciniatum; but that his $. vescum, which Oldfield assures him is not found in Tas- mania, is a very different plant, has invariably large, green, eatable berries, and is the “ Gunyang" of the aborigines. Mueller also thinks that the figure of S. Zaciniatum, Bot. Mag. t. 349, is his S. vescum. (Page 289.) Anthocercis Zasmanica, Hook. fil. For Tas. LXXXVIII. 4. put XCII. It is very nearly allied to, if not identical with, 4. albicans, A. Cunn. (Sweet, Fl. Aust. t. 16). (Page 291.) Gratiola pubescens, Br. Mueller informs me that this is found in various parts of Tasmania, and I have excellent specimens from Archer, who suggests the possibility of all the three described Grafiole proving forms of one. (Page 296.) Euphrasia alpina, Br., collina, Br., and multicaulis, Benth., are, according to Archer, forms of one species. | (Page 297.) Euphrasia cuspidata, Hook. fil. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. Western Mountains, Archer, (Page 304.) Plantago Brownii, Rap. Mueller has found a plant very closely resembling this on the Australian Alps, and called it P. stellata, with a query as to whether it may not be a variety of P. Brownii. (Page 310.) Trichinium spathulatum, Br. Mueller observes that he has never found all the stamens to be fertile in this genus as represented in Tab. XCIV. (Page 318.) Cassytha pubescens, Br. Berry spherical, green (Mueller). ` C. glabella, Br.—Berry often red (Mueller). (Page 321.) Persoonia Gunnii, Hook. fil. Berry dull-red (Mueller). | (Page 323.) Grevillea Stwartii, Meisn., is a var. of G. australis, Br. (Mueller). (Page 325.) Hakea /issosperma, Br., attains a height of 30 feet, Archer. (Page 329.) Lomatia polymorpha, Br. Mueller informs me that he was in error in supposing this to be a native of Victoria. (Page 330.) Drapetes Tasmanica, Hook. fil. Haz. Summit of Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. VOL. II. 370 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. Meisner, DC. Prod. xiv. p. 566, makes of this and the Borneo species a new genus Daphnobryon, removing it to another tribe of the Order from the Fuegian species, whilst the New Zealand species is placed in a third genus— Kelleria. (Page 331.) Pimelea drupacea, Lab., Gunnii, Hook. fil., and cinerea, Br., are considered by Archer as possibly forms of one species. (Page 333.) Pimelea cernua, Br., and /inifolia, Ser. Archer agrees with me in thinking that these may be referable to one species, to which Mueller adds P. Lind- leyana, Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. p. 499. Since the printing of the Pimeleas in the * Tasmanian Flora,’ I have received Dr. Meisner's mono- graph of Thymeleæ in De Candolle's * Prodromus, vol. xiv.; he describes the following as Tasmanian species :— 1. P. cernua, Br.,—the same as /inifolia, Ser. (v. supra). 2. P. nutans, Meisn., Gunn, n. 623,—the same as cernua and linifolia, distinguished by Meisner by the always nodding heads, smaller sparingly pubescent calyx, and exserted style. 3. P. Lindleyana, Meisn.,—referred by Mueller to cernua, and probably correctly. 4. P. glauca, Br. (p. 334). i 5. P. humilis, Br. (p. 334). 6. P. ligustina, Lab. (p. 333). 1. P. cinerea, Br. (p. 333). 8. P. incana, Br.,—is P. nivea, var. 8 incana (p. 332). 9. P. nivea, Lab. (p. 332). 10. P. sericea, Br. (p. 333). 11. P. Milligani, Meisn.,—is P. pygmaa, Muell. (p. 335). 12. P. flava, Br. (p. 333). 13. P. pygmea, Muell. (p. 335). 14. P. gracilis, Br. (p. 331). 15. P. filiformis, Hook. fil. (p. 331). 16. P. drupacea, Lab. (p. 331). 17. P. pauciflora, Br. (p. 335). (Page 336.) Exocarpus humifusa, Br. : : Probably a small state of E. cupressiformis, Lab., and scarcely distinguished from Æ. Bidwilli, Hook. fil., of New Zealand, and E. Gaudichaudii, A. DC., of the Sandwich Islands, of which 1 have examined a specimen gathered by Menzies in 1792: this latter I had referred to Æ. humifusa before the publication of the Sanfalacee by A. De Candolle, who notes its resemblance to the New Zealand plant. (Page 337.) 2. Leptomeria glomerata (Muell); ramulis robustis, floribus glomeratis, glomerulis sessilibus, perianthio 4-5-fido. Has. Southport, Stuart. Police Point, Huon River, Oldfield. A more robust species than Z. Billardieri, easily distinguished by the sessile glomeruli of 3-4 flowers. Leptomeria Billardieri, Br. This has a 4-5-cleft perianth, which is often glabrous internally, but has occasionally a few minute hairs on the anterior face of the segments above the stamens, Ihave specimens from the Huon, collected by Oldfield, infested ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 371 with the same coccus as the var. 8. The differences between L. acida, Br., and L. Billardieri, Br., its var. B with shorter fewer-flowered spikes, and Z. glomerata, seem to be mainly of degree only. Var. B has shorter spikes and is intermediate between L. glomerata and L. Billardieri. Alphonse De Candolle, Prod. xiv. p. 681, states that he has seen specimens of Omphacomeria psilotoides, A. DO., from Tasmania, sent to Vienna under n. 541 of Gunn. The genus Omphacomeria coincides with Brown’s second section of Zeptomeria, which includes Z. acerba (O. acerba, A. DC.), a plant not hitherto found in Tasmania. (Page 339.) Beyeria ob/ongifolia, Hook. fil., and Backkousii, Hook. fil. Oldfield and Mueller both consider that there is but one Tasmanian species, and that the B. viscosa (Oroton viscosum, Lab.). Bertya rosmarinifolia, Planch., is Ricinocarpus Tasmanicus, Sond. and Muell. in Linnea, 1856, p. 562. (Page 344.) Parietaria debilis, Forst. Weddell (Monog. Urt. 517) considers the Levant and Portugal plant which 1 had referred to this, to be P. Lusi- tanica, L., but adds many other tropical and temperate extra-European localities. (Page 345.) Australina pusilla, Gaud.; a minor. Southport and base of Quamby's Bluff, Oldfield, B major; foliis subuncialibus basi cuneatis. Coal River Tier, Oldfield. (Page 346.) Fagus Gunnii, Hook. fil. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. (Page 358.) Microcachrys Tasmanica, Hook. fil. Has. Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield. VOLUME II. MONOCOTYLEDONES. (Page 3.) Alter the number of the genus 'THELYMITRA to XVI., and of the succeeding genera ac- cordingly. (Page 12.) Prasophyllum a/pinum, Br. Posterior sepals always united below the middle, Archer. (Page 13.) Prasophyllum ¿rachystackyum, Lindl., aud nudiscapum, Hook. fil., are natives of Victoria. (Page 14.) Alter the numbering of Calochilus to IV., and of the following genera accordingly. (Page 17.) Burnettia cuneata, Lindl., has been found at Oyster Cove by Dr. Milligan (Mueller). (Page 18.) After Caleana major add— A E 2. Caleana minor (Br. Prod. 329) ; folio anguste lineari canaliculato, scapo medio ebracteato, labelli lamina tuberculata, apice angustato bilobo.—Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 429. Has. Near Hobarton, Gunn. (Fl. Dec.) DisrriB. New South Wales and Victoria. | A much smaller plant than C. major, with a narrower leaf, ebracteate scape, smaller flower, with tuberculate lamina of the lip. T 3/2 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. (Page 19.) Pterostylis pedunculata, Br., and P. nana, Br. Archer considers that the figures 4 and B of Plate CXIV. are reversed; 4 being P. nana, and B. pedunculata. Neither are good, but 4 certainly belongs to P. pedunculata, though the leaves should be more oblong and petioled. B is perhaps the Australian P. concinna, Br., a larger plant than P. nana, but otherwise very near it. Pterostylis obtusa, Br., often bears withered radical leaves on the flowering scape (Archer). (Page 21.) Line 4—for B. put A. (Page 23.) Chiloglottis Gunnii, Lindl., has been found in Victoria by Mueller. (Page 24.) Microtis rara, Br., is, as Dr. Lindley informs me, found in New Zealand (M. porrifolia, Spr.), Java, New Caledonia, and the Island of Bonin.—On re-examining the Tasmanian and Australian species of Microtis with the descriptions and drawings of this work, I find them to be inextricably con- fused, and do not see how to discriminate them. (Page 25.) Add— 9. Acianthus viridis (Hook. fil.) ; floribus 1-3, sepalo dorsali fornicato ovato-lanceolato lateralibusque oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis muticis, petalis brevissimis, labello trapezoideo obtuso. Has. Base of Mount Wellington (Oct., Nov., 1839—40), Gunn. This very distinct little plant was sent to me by Mr. Gunn in a letter, and, like the Caleana minor, arrived only as this sheet was passing through the press. It is of the same size as, and a good deal like, 4. exsertus, but at once distinguished by its fewer flowers, green colour, blunt sepals, the lateral of which are recurved, minute petals, and very broad trapezoid labellum. The solitary leaf has undulated, almost crenate or sinuate margins. (Page 28.) Caladenia Patersoni, Br. I omitted quoting Lindley, Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 422.—Sweet-scented. Archer has Lindley’s variety £, in which the glands are always in four rows only. Caladenia pallida, Lindl. Archer is doubtful as to this being distinct from C. Patersoni, and, with justice, quotes the figures of this work in corroboration. Mueller, on the other hand, considers all the species of the second section to be forms of one! (Page 29.) Caladenia ¿arbata, Lindl. Archer remarks that the old and young tubers are enclosed in a common tunic, as in Glossodia major. (Page 30.) Caladenia alata, Br. Archer remarks that Brown's plant is described as having the glands biseriate, and that it has a musky odour. (Page 32.) Dipodium punctatum, Br. (Tas. CXXVIT.) a ` By an unfortunate oversight the colouring of this Plate is very incomplete and inaccurate. It is well repre- sented in the works quoted after the diagnosis,—Smith's ‘ Exotic Botany” and Lindley’s * Botanical Register, —and (as there represented) the scape should be washed over with a pale brown, leaving hardly a trace of green, and the flowers should be spotted. (Page 33.) Gunnia australis, Lindl., has been found at Cape Otway, Victoria, by Mueller, who reduces the genus to Sarcochilus (S. Barkleyanus, Fragment. Phyt.). Add— Gen, XXI. DENDROBIUM, Z. Perianthii foliola membranacea, patentia. Sepala lateralia majora, obliqua, cum pede columns con- nata. Labellum sessile, cum pede columns articulatum v. connatum. Columna semiteres, basi longe ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. 373 producta. Anthera 2-locularis. Pollinia 4, per paria collateralia.—Herbe caulescentes, epiphytice, habitu varia; caulibus elongatis, articulatis v. in pseudobulbos densinentibus ; foliis coriaceis membranaceisve, cum caule articulatis. A very extensive Indian and Pacific Island genus, of which several species inhabit the east coast of Australia. —Stems generally rigid and tufted, long or short and swollen. Flowers often large and beautiful, small in the Tasmanian species. Sepals three, rather membranaceous, the lateral largest, connate with the base of the column. Lip articulate or connate with the base of the column, which is produced at the base. Anther two-celled, with four pollen-masses. (Name from devöpov, a tree, and [Bus ; life, in allusion to the epiphytic habit.) 1. Dendrobium Milligani (Mueller, Fragm. Phyt. p. 88) ; caulibus radicantibus ramosis cylindraceis, vaginis membranaceis demum laceris, foliis subulato-filiformibus breviusculis, pedunculis oppositifoliis 1-floris, labelli 3-carinati lobo medio subovato acutiusculo apicem versus crispato lateralibus brevissimis. obtusis.— Descript. e el. Muell. excerpt. Has. Strzelecki's Peak, Flinders Island, alt. 3000 feet; and on granite rocks on Freycinet's Penin- sula, Milligan. I am indebted to Dr. Mueller for specimens of this curious and very interesting plant, but they are in too imperfect a state for a satisfactory description; it is a small species, with alternate subulate leaves 1-3 inches long, and tufted fibrous roots.— Flowers small, yellowish, solitary, opposite the leaves. 2. Dendrobium, sp. ? Mr. Gunn has sent me a little fragment of a second species of this genus, gathered on the east coast, also by Dr. Milligan, which Dr. Lindley informs me is quite new, and allied to the D. Milligani. (Page 84. Add— 2. Patersonia Zongiscapa (Sweet, Austral. t. 39); scapo foliis longiore apice incrassato, spatha non striata, tubo perianthii piloso.—P. glauca, Bot. Mag. t. 2611, non Br. Has. Tasmania, Archer. Drise. Victoria. A very distinct species, though similar at first sight to P. glauca. T am indebted to Mr. Archer for drawing my attention to it in his herbarium : it does not occur in Gunn's (whose specimens I have again examined in the vain endeavour to find more than one species amongst them). P. longiscapa is easily recognized by the scape longer than the leaves, and thickened below the spatha ; by the spatha not being striate, and by the pilose tube of the corolla. The stigma appears to be erect. The quotation of the Bot. Mag. t. 2677, under P. glauca, should be cancelled. i (Page 34.) Libertia Lawrencei, Hook. fil., has been found in Victoria. (Page 43.) Zannichellia palustris, L. This is certainly the Z. Preissii, which I have doubtfully quoted, and — from the ordinary os Z. palustris in the longer, slender style, even back of the carpel, and apparently six-celled anthers. SR ie style, however, vary extremely in European specimens of Z. palustris, and I suspect that most o the so-calle species of this genus will ultimately be reduced to that plant. (Page 47.) Hewardia Zasmanica, Hook., has been found on Mount Lapeyrouse by Oldfield. (Page 49.) Drymophila cyanocarpa, Br., has been found in Victoria by Mueller. (Page 53.) Add— ` 1 dh - S Sep i onge excedentibus, 4. Cæsia? alpina (Hook. fil.) ; foliis anguste lineari-elongatis scapum brevem Jong en VOL. II. 374 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. floribus parvis spicatis suberectis paucis binis v. subfasciculatis flavis?, pedicellis brevissimis infra florem articulatis, filamentis brevibus. Has. Western Mountains, Archer. I am doubtful about the genus of this curious but insignificant little plant, which appears to differ from Cesia in the perianth not being twisted after flowering.— Stems very slender, formed of the sheathing bases of the leaves, tufted, scarcely swollen at the base, Root of thick fibres. Leaves 2-3 from each stem, spreading, flaccid, 6-8 inches long, not 4 inch broad, linear, quite flat. Scape 3-1 inch long, rather stout, curved, bearing 3-5 fascicles of two or more flowers, each fascicle subtended by a broadly ovate, membranaceous bract. Pedicels very short, 4-4 lin. long; generally a flower and young fruit are together in each axil. Flower about + inch long; segments of the perianth linear-oblong, with three stout nerves united at the very base. Stamens short; filaments narrowed at both ends, their apices inserted under a small hood at the back of the anther below its middle. Anther broadly obovate- oblong; the valves somewhat recurved at their apices. Ovary of three unequal rounded lobes, each with two collateral ovules. Style two-thirds the length of the flower, minutely three-lobed at the apex. (Page 59.) Laxmannia. E In the generic description I inadvertently omitted to mention the remarkable fact of a species of this genus being found in the Island of Timor. It is figured in Decaisne's Herb. Timor. Descript, (Page 68.) Luzula O/dfieldii, Hook. fil. Mueller considers this to be a large state of L. campestris, L., in which opinion I can scarcely concur. (Page 81.) Chetospora capillacea, Hook. fil., has a trifid style. (Page 85.) Number the genus Hleocharis VII., and alter the succeeding genera accordingly. (Page 90.) Add— 9. Scirpus /acustris (Linn.); culmo tereti aphyllo, spiculis umbellatis paniculatisve versus apicem culmi lateralibus ovatis, squamis late ovatis ciliatis trifidis mucronatis, antheris apice appendiculatis, nuce trigona brevi obovata, setis 6 setulis reversis scabris.—F7, N. Zeal. i. p. 269. Has. Marshy banks of rivers, and in still waters; probably common. „Dısreis. Abundant in all temperate and tropical regions. A tall, leafless, marsh or water plant, the Bulrush of so for matting, thatching, and coopering.—Culms 2— lets ovate, 4-1 inch long, ciliated, mucronate. me parts of England, where it is extensively used 8 feet high, rounded, sheathed at the base, spongy inside, Spike- lateral, panicled or umbellate, sessile or peduncled. Scales broadly ovate, bluntly trifid, Nut short, trigonous, with a 2-3-forked style. Bristles six, reversely hispid. (Page 95.) 4. Cladium Gwnnii, Hook. fil. Mueller assures me that his Gahnia sulcata is a true Gahnia, It is a local species, growing also in South Australia. ' (Page 105.) Mierolena Gunnii, Hook. fil. This species has no sguamulm, the filaments bein should be altered accordingly to * squamule 2 v. 0." (Page 115.) Agrostis emula, having elongated filaments which retain the seed. g adnate to the base of the ovary: the generic character Br., is considered by Mueller to be a variety of 4. Billardieri, Br. (Page 116.) Agrostis contracta, Muell., has the lower palea sometimes shortly awned. (Page 122.) Danthonia Archeri, Hook. fil.,—for Tas. CLXXII., put CLXIII. ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. . 375 CRYPTOGAMIA. (Page 183.) Hymenophyllum unilaterale, Willd., is considered by Mueller to be a form of H. Tun- bridgense, Sm. (Page 136.) Cystopteris fragilis, 8, has been found on the mountains of the Middle Island of New Zealand by Dr. Sinclair. (Page 141.) Lomaria Patersoni, Br., has been found near New Norfolk by Oldfield (Mueller). (Page 145.) Asplenium Trichomanes, L., has been found by Dr. Sinclair in the same locality in New Zealand as Cystopteris fragilis, B. (Page 147.) Doodia caudata, Br. | In the * New Zealand Flora,’ I referred D. Kunthiana, Endl., and D. aspera, Br., to D. caudata, Br, I did so because A. Cunningham had described them all as New Zealand plants. Sir W. Hooker, in revising this genus for the * Species Filicum,’ finds that Cunningham’s New Zealand aspera and Kunthiana are not the plants of Endlicher and Brown, but mere varieties of D. caudata. These synonyms should therefore be omitted in the Tasmanian and New Zealand Floras. It is even doubtful whether the New Zealand D. caudata is the same as the Tasmanian. (Page 152.) Schizea difida, Sw., and 8. fistulosa, Lab., are different species, as has been pointed out to me by Mueller, and may be thus characterized :—- 1. Schizea bifida (Sw. Fil. 151) ; fronde antice late concava simplici v. divisa asperula, appendicibus ascendentibus elongatis, involucris crinitis.—Br. Prod. 162. S. dichotoma, Sw., var. bifida, Mueller. Has. Tasmania, Brown. : Disrris. Tropical and temperate Australia, New Zealand, Asia, and America. Mueller (probably correctly) considers this a variety of the common tropical 8. dichotoma, which has a broader, flabellately-divided frond. 2. Schizea fistulosa (Lab. Fl. Nov. Holl. ii. 108. t. 250. f. 3); fronde teretiuscula antice sulcata simplici leviuscula, appendicibus brevibus, involucris fimbriato-laceris.—Br. Prod. 162. S. australis, Gaud. a Has. Sandy plains; not uncommon, Gunn, efe. (v. v.) Disrris. Temperate Australia, New Zealand, Lord Auckland's Island, Tropical America. Distinguished from S. bifida by the terete frond, grooved (not concave) in front, and the much shorter lobes that are not so erect. (Page 155.) Lycopodium varium, Br., and L. Selago, L. Mueller pronounces these to be assuredly forms of the same. (Page 158.)— 2. Selaginella Preissiana (Spring, ramis erectis, folis uniformibus subsquarrosis ovato- integerrimis, spica terminali sessili elongato-oblonga, gracillimum, Kunze, Farrnkr. t. 100. f. 1, et in Plant. Preiss. ìi. p. 109. , Has. South Esk River and other places in the northern parts of the island (Mueller). Disrris. Victoria, Mueller, and Swan River, Preiss, Drummond, etc. Distinguished from S. uliginosa by the smaller size, more flaccid habit, an only, not bifariously or dichotomously branched. Monog. Lycop. ii. p. 62) ; annua ; caule subsimplici erecto basi diviso, v. lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis obsolete 1-nerviis squamis ovato-lanceolatis squarrosis.—-Lycopodium d frond divided at the very base 376 ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, ETC. (Page 158.) Isoetes, sp. ? This may be a plant which Professor Braun has described as Zsoefes humilior, Muell., of Victoria (Linnea, vol. xxv. p. 722), and which Mueller informs me grows in the lowland waters of Tasmania, and of which his I. elatior is probably a variety. Both seem too closely allied to 7. lacustris, L. (Page 159.) Pilularia g/obu/ifera, L. | Professor Braun has described a P. Nove-Hollandie from Australia, to which this may be referable, but Dr. Valentine, who made a complete study of the British species (and published an admirable account of P. globulifera in the Linnean Transactions), assured Mr. Archer that the Tasmanian species differed in no particular from the English. Various Tasmanian and Australian Characee are described by Braun in the Linnea, xxv. p. 704. (Page 170.) After D. angustifolium insert— Dicranum tenuifolium, Hook. fil. et Wils.; Fl. Antarct. t. 152. f. 7. Has. Rocks behind Cumming's Head, Western Mountains, Archer. Found also in Fuegia and the Australian Alps. (Page 176.) In place of Tortula mnioides ?, read— Streptopogon mnioides, Mitten. Fertile plants of this curious Moss, gathered in Chili by Lechler, have the calyptra large and mitriform ; in other respects they agree well with Schwaegrichen’s figure. The cylindrical capsule is supported on a seta about one-third of an inch long; the peristome is that of Tortula. This species is very closely allied to S. erythrodon, found in Peru by Professor Jameson, (Page 184.)— 6. Macromitrium asperulum (Mitten); dioicum, M. Archeri statura simile ; caule elongato repente, ramis brevibus cespitem densum formante, foliis densis patentibus siccitate incurvatis angustis, inferioribus e basi anguste elliptiea paululo latiore loriformi-ligulatis apice obtusis, superioribus acutioribus acutatis nervo in apiculo brevissimo excurrente carinatis, marginibus ob papillarum prominentiam ubique asperulis, cellulis basi pro spatio brevi latitudinem folii paululum excedente elongatis angustis inde ad apicem quadrato-rotundatis distinctis papillosis, perichetialibus brevioribus sensim acutis, theca in pedunculo circiter trilineari ovali, collo sensim attenuato, ore intensiore colorato plicato, operculo conico-acuminato, calyptra nuda straminea, apice fusco. Has. On trees, Lawrence and Gunn. Found also in New Zealand, near Wellington, Stephenson, and elsewhere, Knight and Lyall. Whole plant of an intense ferruginous-brown colour, more densely cespitose than M. Archeri, with leaves of a different form and substance, as well as with erose margins. From M. lingulare, Mitten in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined., a New Zealand species, which has also a naked calyptra, it differs in its greater size, in the form of its leaves and of - the cells of which they are at the base composed. There does not appear to be any peristome. The Tasmanian examples of this species have been, in the Herbarium of Sir W. Hooker, referred to M. mi- crostomum, Hook. et Grev.; a rare Moss gathered also in New Zealand by Stephenson, but this last is in reality a totally different species, allied to M. longipes, Hook., and to M. Reinwardtii, Schw. This error appears to have arisen from the accidental sticking down on the same paper with the original a very small specimen of M. mi- MN and of a small specimen of another species very nearly allied to M. prorepens, Hook., M. erosulum, Mitten in Journ. Linn. Soc. ined., having a pilose calyptra and the margins of its leaves erose. The M. microstomum, therefore, of the * Flora of New Zealand,” is a compound of M. asperulum and M. erosulum, species closely related to M. prorepens, but with no near affinity to the original M. microstomum. 377 INDEX. — 9——— [The Synonyms are in italics.] Page Page Abrothallus, De Not. .. EE ii. 354 Acanthophora, Lamour.................... ii. 296 Smithii, Zul. (TAB. cc. E y: PIE, FN] 354 arborea; Hare; ^i FYW AWN 296 DAA: FA A AS AA A AA 1.103 Tasmanica, n MAW AWN 296 WON FAN NY Y 109 Tusmenion, Ha, cc. POOR OO. 296 Ili AAA FU ee 107 Acaulon eet nr et Wils. ii. 164 bi. WV andl. ¿A 77 A 108 Achyrophyllum acicularis........ ii. 211 GUN AE xi re 111 nhw MT E ENE 202 pesdest, A: Com E A 110 A ds yy YN PRA ii. 25 diffusa, Lindl (427020 Tea Tei DANIO 105 7 ONO, Bt, cic as PA UTE 23 discolor, J1Hdi A A a 111 caudatus, Br. (TAB. CXIX. B.)...... 25 distor, Di. 4171) Y A 110 exsertus, Br. (TAB; CXIX. A)... 25 echinula, DO 24i: F938 streng 105 iridis; HJ. DAA APER 372 emarginata, Mee fii FAAS 108 Aciphylla procumbens AN ii. 363 graveolens; A; ‘Cann. ce cet 1 108 dE A ITA ii. 130 Gunnii, Bth. (Tas. iir AGO CPAP 104 Damn A AA i. 68 juniperinn; Wilds sire ED YD 105 O ER ea 69 Wihesris; Der 109 Acropeltis phyllophora ,......«...«*v'“ «y ii. 319 longissima, Wendl, ev 225: iir 0. 109 ANUS, BR tota IA i. 252 maritima; BUE e EAN 111 DEUM ERE ED YN EN 253 thelanox yl: DE 2 (7a: o A'l 109 UO, Tr I'N 253 mota, Lindi bu IA 106 E e BO O at ii. 317 mollissa, M iS WU YD 111 wb. ddl DE RAR 317 Ium MAE urine 110 Actinopappus perpusillus, H.f. .. . i. 199 be cs Y Oe id... o... 110 Adenocystis, HS A Haro. o S EE ii. 290 iyritolis, WEld. eus 107 Lessonii, Hufe Haro. 4: 5 OR 290 INN DER CERDO AAJ EA E E 105 Adiantum, Dees une rs PRA ii. 137 UA, Lal idi rain 1.105 ZEthiopicum, Less cures. 00:00 e TA 137 "Jeans, Hentlow- cicir A AUD 106 CL BW. sec en 187 A :: ccccredu £74 106 PUES LAD ee CUPIT 137 wogeré; Hook 22:54 rror. A 106 AEG, a en, ii. 270 E A NND ets 110 eystoseitoides, Dork. ARI I ee 270 theta: Willd: cezir id sagt eee 108 ranunculacearum, DC. ................ 270 Stuartiana, F. Muell. (TAB. XIX.)........ 104 BANNOD, DNE er ii 270 TACO Vu. i EE 107 Aithalium, J.N ii. 266 éent af Om. ee 25 22.2.2000 108 septicum, Fr... EE 266 verbes, alli o csi A 106 AND Dd EEN OUT ewe vs ii. 242 Wé Auer Lodds + EE 108 CC DWR O 242 Anh, Fall ci A i. 114 applicatus, Bafsch..................... 245 Behriana, Schlecht: Pi: :: isis uw 044. +: 115 eg A O E 246 echinata, Leltth (1225: oic s 115 atrocyanus, Batsch. .................. 243 oftia, af: Ome a 115 Auricula, Berk. .............. eh 246 Sanguisoibis, FaM s ele 114 DENEN, DW. corn I Ee 245 VOL, II. 378 ; INDEX. Page Agaricus campestris, Z. (avc i vua Y D E capillaris, Schum 243 cameo-rufulus, Berk. Aue CLXXXI. re s 243 cassisecolor, Berk. . 246 PR E a e 96 A A Ce US cervinus, A A eictinn et ss 245 cohserens, Alb. eb 86e... ...... eee 243 WERE EP ass ansehe 242 dispersus, Br...........o.o..oo...o.o..... 247 Fe RR OR 247 diversipes, Berk. Ka CLXXXI. d ddes 244 Epichysium, Pers. . : . 243 asci is, 246 flavo-croceus, Sch Kë RE EE 244 fi BOE QUE een ea ehr 245 galericulatus, 800p......... « Ar MD ii. 109 AUTORS, NOS een irren: o ER ner 109 PS EE 109 PR A cs cs is vs os Haan te «ate ii, 131 E E v O 132 ANNIS, FOE es SC 1.310 A le ss eR en gs a 311 E or RA use 311 BE ve. ilm MM. QUAD eee x 7 DIU AUN DUREE se Y AS A i. 269 DIDA, E eat 269 Am RM ON 1, 309 Amperus, A. een eye 1, 340 INDEX. 379 Pago Amperea spartioides, Brongn. .............. i. 340 Amphibolis zosterifolia, Ag... .. 1... oriire ii. 44 Amphibromus junceus, Nees.... ooo... oo..o ii. 122 sa AE ovo o i ne 122 (Dn A 121 Amphiroa, Lamour.. vsi. as va hwo ii. 309 charoides, Lamm, vw N «sde des 309 elegans, Hf. Y: Hart. «eb ba 310 stelligera, Lamk.. sxe sss is - «bob eo 310 ME PP A AR 310 Ancistrum anserinefolium, FoYst............. i. 114 CDM, GOI osar LI adem 114 TIPA. yw. TN ec 114 Banyussorbe, Linn. fil... . .. +. 4% RIESEN 114 Ancychit australis, Sieb... .. .: et i. 191 Andrews, EMA: si s al RF ii. 161 acuminata, Mitten (TAB. CLXXI. fig. i 161 montana, Mitten (TAB. CLXXI. fig. 1) - 161 nitida, Hf. et U6. gd. an 161 petrophila; Elrh.......« osea. ame 161 rupestris, Hedw., =. css s Cwt erden oe 161 subulata, Harv...... 25 A a 161 Andreeaceze ii. 161 Anemone, Lerro nitro Y ees i. 4 crassifolia, Hook... y. Vet ns 4 Aneura alcicornis, H.f. et Tayl. ...... dn ii. 240 alterniloba, HE et Tayl. .............. 239 eráséa, NúM co UD is 240 multifida, Dumort.......... nn 240 palmata, Nees ....... nnn nnnm 240 inguis, Dumort. e 239 pinnatifida, Nees `... 240 Angiocarpi ..... oe. RR a ii. 352 Anguillaria, Br. 6.1... eee eee ee teere em ii. 46 DA Fi ee A yned oe 46 SS Dr. nn ns Mdd a 47 Anictangium, Brid. ..... «<<< <= ser eos 11.179 Anodopetalum, 4. Cunn. .. eru elas i. 148 biglandulosum, 4. Cunn. e 148 Anopterus, Es E A E] glandulosus, i. Va 4v oru Qs Vis E 151 Antennaria nubigena, F. Muell. .. i. 207 Anthericum bulbosum, Dr... nne ii. 51 paniculatum, Aud. enn 50 semibarbatum, Br. .. csi. «<=. tn 52 uniflorum, Red. e Eë 50 Anthistiria, D. ...... <<<. nn nn ii. 106 australis, Br. (Tas. CLVL) ...........- 107 Anthocercis, Lab... .... 4e nn i. 289 Tasmanica, H€ (TAB. XCIL) .......... 289 Page Anthoseros, Michels ys" nee ii. 241 WIB, TED TITEL UT eT. 241 Anthozanthum crinitum, L........... sesen ii. 111 Aetas; A i. 83 LA. Lu! AAA A inks 83 VB OPER: AO A ameet 83 Apalochlamys, ONE. o a ie i. 199 Eden, DE... ¿5 —o ios 199 Endlicheri 1. DO. sisi le 199 Kerrii ?, DC. (xc Ib e NO Ap, Bi... cco SW YU A ii. 75 Gunnii, Hr (TAB. CXXXVIIL 0.) ...... 75 Pumilio, Mes occ Zoos 16 Agmm, HfM: -saai aaan m RA i. 160 Sue PUE XA, v EES graveolens, Forst. NEEN EN 160 PONENS LED. eeu CN e wn re 160 Aplopappus bellidioides, HL. e i. 183 Gui, TLE coco cons Y ve E UR 183 pappochroma, HI... 182 A, PLE, (iis nido d Ro y” 183 TTT aei 183 Apes nun opo e i. 268 Arabis gigantea, Ho0k.........ooooooo.... i. 19 AD IARE qtu un i. 163 Achil, HJ LLL see seus dais amets i. 262 eriocarpa, Hr (TAB. LXXX. B.) .. . . 263, ii. 366 hirtella, HJ. (TAB. LXXXL) ...... 263, ii. 366 E, CERT QUAERO T Le. 264, ii. 366 GE titolis; Hf. (Tas. LXXX. 4.).. 263, ii. 366 Arenaria Canadensis, Pers. ................ i.41 marginata, DC. ....... eee nnn 41 marisa, Decs I u 41 média, L. -ceense i» e syn o D EDDU 41 ERTER TA ¿o Dr. ii. 320 Leurenecis, Hart. .... ==: n ce 321 Saart, Haro: A new un 321 Antola, Z Heri... RD pics 3 i52 peduncularis, HU ooi A ió 52 Arthocardia Wardii, Aresch. .............. ii. 310 Arthrocnemum Arbuscula, Moq. Tand. ...... i. 317 Indicum, q ig A ek ee 317 Arthropodium, Br... EN ii. 50 laxum, Sieb. gm ORARE). run res 51 Lindleyi, Kunth. |... eee 50 wu Br... eram ims 51 a; A KC ENEE e 50 paniculatum, Ms ee 50 pendulum, DC. ........... cha 50 RB: A A 51 380 INDEX. Pag SIMI FAragmitos, Lu LS EE ii. 118 poeformis, Lab 123 oa e O WWW PIE 128 FM, PER eec ror a ŶD ii. 276 SEEN BOE A RE 276 Ascyrum humifusum, Lab. .. 2222222222... 1.53 ss ED. EPA O E 53 a un y a MOK NNN IA ii. 305 MA, ES E 305 Delilei, Harv... A I] perococcus, Jae. nae EE E 1. 291 bulboous, Lai RDA er 291 Lessonii, Bory 290 oam ennt Y NN 291 MU, A SAN oL 291 a LY RA ES i. 168 A er x 169 Ee e en ARO E 168 EA A AMARE 170 pasilla, HA (Tas. XL. B). Ds 169 scoparia, BE (TAB. XL. 4.)............ 169 BERNER E S LV SF essel cv 168 Aspidium coriaceum, Br. ii. 148 Cunninghamianum, Col... 148 ss ba BE ee 148 MOYN, UG...» ne cc co NN A 148 venustum, Homb. et Jacq. .............. 148 VINE, Wild AAA A 148 ins EE 20 on 148 MI NA NC; ii. 144 SUBE “Y 147 De o re, 146 fiabelhfoliuth, Ci, nenn: 145 lsscidum, Set 146 iiw, DE... ee ee 146 a Fil sc oet aes 146 Biedem os Ai 145 oblongifolium, Cd 145 Gegen 145 Ao edad 145, 375 Astartea fascicularis, DC. ................ i. 130 Astelia, Banks et äu... ii. 60 NEN S O... ee ENEE 60 NRI MINE AA Vi Su 61 Aster aculeatus, Lab. ............... 1. 178 argophyline, Lab. Lees I 173 Lee Se e eve zh vv eh LZ LL 229 O e EEN 173 A A E 178 YND, T... 1 n 179 Page Aster lepidophyllus, Pers.................. 178 FS, SHE EA 175 microphyllus, Lob, 178 myrsinoides, Lab. izire: is rori i d.d. 174 phlogopappus, Lab... 176, 228 pulverulentus, Hoffm.: ; ................ 175 aw Lab: sss ii ccs SSPE 178 srellulatus, Lab... A 175, 228 BEE DAD.. ars tc 00. tk cas A a 1 Asterotrichum, Klotzsch . 202: ARA Astomum cylindricum, Ka O a 164 Astroloma, Br.. d ée CM ADD AS humifusum, De. Tia AAA 244 Atherosperma, Lab... co WN 1. 11 EE ek, AA EE B 12 EE Ee cc coss pe a i. 351, 353 cupressoides, Don . iJ vs .. 954 hioi Dok. E ds ERA selaginoides, Don A tetragona, Ho0k................ 353, 355, 356 Athyrium australe, Presl .. 2222222222220... ii. 147 Atrichum angustatum, Brid.,.....:.........ii. 200 ligulatum, Mitten 22. 2: 20 2202022. 200 TI. dr rs oo i. 314 Australasica, Mog. Tand. .............. 314 Billardieri, Hr (TAB. XCV. 4) ........ 315 a A A e 314 eyetalása, E EE 315 le I RE POS 314 PEU, ee ri PILIS 314 Aulacomnion, Mew NS ob Aa ii. 192 Gaudichaudit, Mitten. - ................ 187 palustre, a oie eee ceo o ue NN 192 BNN, O NA 538 1.944 DOES HE... Iu eno 945 PUTA OI rr pers ro ÍN 345,11. 371 TUNIS HT ao rear pits TR 4 Avena fliformis, Lab. ooo DA ii. 115 hydrophila, Muell.......... Arw yw ydd 121 diw Bb A EE 121 quadriseta, Lab, eo cerere oe s RER 114 RHAI, DAR 22.20 EE ARTEN ii. 158 PD S rro cc NF DDU EE 158 Baccharis ? lepidophylla; DC............... i. 201 sn iii A i.141 SZ Ee E Ee 142 dui, A FY 142, ii. 362 Gunniana, Schauer cn. i. 142 INDEX, 381 P Bæckia micrantha, Hf. .................. i. 142 prostrata, Hr e 14 thymifolia, Hf. 141, ii. 362 penny, Pe uv SE ii, 351 heteromorphus, Ny/. (Tas, CC. Be sd dac EN en 3 splachnirima, Mitten (Tas. CXCIX. O.) 351 sanario, Nal mi. 351 Balantium Brownianum, Presl........... ee 1, 189 Balbisia Caledonia, da CARA A SIE i. 173 eu) vuficosa, Dep, 173 un Y GAS S Uu Iu UA ii. 332 na" a _ 332 ON, Mo as, i. A. 332 Hombroniana, Mont................... 332 FYN, Horv,..;,..,.., etn 332 COPA, HU), 2 EE 333 nih, lenge ii. 342 pulchelia, Hes | RDA aii. 342 en a a sess o i. 328 Ren: 329 depres, Br, ...... s> CG Ba is 329 Nees, Meisn. ,,,.,. a e 329 media, Br, cd WN EE 329 PUR Brno. Hu 329 Mei, PN E re i. 20 EMS, HE nno uc 2], ii. 356 VENUE E ee 356 Bartramia, Hedw Fir). dad ii. 193 9007008, Hampe Mb med 195 wn 0E Ss fs S EE 194 comosa, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIV. fig. ddo 196 crassa, H.f. et Wils. (TAB. CLXXIV. fig.5) 194 CA Mitta A a a 195 fragilis, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIV. fig. 8) .. 196 194 Hallerinns, Hee (7. a nn 195 Mossmaniana, C. Muell : 195 papillata, Dr et Wils 195 pendula, Hook. pusilla, f. et Wils. (TaB. CLXXIV. fig. 2) 193 remotifolia, H f. et W. (Tas. CLXXIV. fig.3) 193 Sieberi, sch. (Tap, CLXXIV. fig. 6) . ii. 17 u Lindl. (Tas. CVIL.C.) ....... 17,371 Burana, Cop. .... E ao bene Pullerlich....... ve 39 Bursaria spinosa, 000.........v-********** i. 32 INDEX. 383 Page Baybaumia; Haller i Fi et ii. 199 Tasmanica, Millos e > >d Soe 199 UM SI a AR ii. 853 Cacalia linearis, Lab. ,... ..,.,» vv» 225 odofatà, a 1... Au eR PAR 223 silica, Labi ror voor) s eet ess 224 Dll, DE ori eror toe os ii. 52 P Ope BS. is eror a Oe 313 corymbosa, Br. (TAB. CXXXII. 4.) ...... 52 puryillors, Dra, HH rs a FWG 53 E DUM A BEES 53 CUIUS Br, A ii. 26 sut Dr (Tas. CXXV,» A): ci o 80, dei angustata, Lindl. (TAB. OXXV. B.)...... barbata, Lindl. (Tas. CXXIII. B.) .... 29, s veernlen, Bf. sv oo riss FF Pa d carnea, Br. (TAB. CXXIV. 4.).. 5 i S clavigera, A. Cunn. (TAB. CXXII. 4) au 88 congesta, Br. (TAB. CXXIV. B.)........ 80 dilatata, Br. (Tas. CXXII. B.).. I. dc yl filamentosa, Br. (TAB. CXXI. B).. saga 97 Jilamentosa, Lindl............... eee 27 gracilis, BrP... esr sev op hee tun 30 Menziesii, dw (Tas. CXXI. A. ers Ak 27 pallida, Lindl. ,..... v.a 28,372 Patersoni, + (Tas, OXXIII. 4.)...... 28, 372 tentaculata, Schlecht...,.............-.> 27 Calandrinia, Z, B. 8. ....-- sr sr er nn i. 143 calyptrata, Hifi een «148 Caldasia argentea, Hf. ,..o.oooooooo..... i. 162 brachycarpa, Hf. .... a WYD 162 eriopoda, DC... eoe n 162 Du sc ONE A resa n» 1.200 Te 1i ooo dero en ii. 17 E Br, (Tan. CVIL A) +. $23 . cin E8 Se A rre e d MA 371 Eech elliptica, Vent, i... i.81 Callistemon, Br. a vs» ivy ss tea i. 130 lophanthum, Beet... enn 131 salignum, DO. ......«v*v* n nenne 131 viridifloram, DO, ` e he 131 Callithamnion, Zyngb. ...... enn ii. 333 angustatum, Hf. et Harv..............- 334 botryocarpum, TE ARA er 336 comosum, Hare. ....... e n n n8 833 conspicuum, Harv.. «ee n n 835 cruciatum ?, A, 333 dispar, Hare... een 335 elongatum, Harv. ...... ee ee 336 Callithamnion fastigiatum, Harb............. ii 336 flaccidum, H f. e£ Haro........».......+.» 334 Orifiibcia, Harc..,...,... sOn sews 336 Griffithsioides, Sond. .................. 836 lidnum, Hare. |... Lodo ra s 336 ise, Sege, vo CV roo s E xn 334 muconatum, d. Ag- 5+ +s va br YDW 334 ? paradoxum, Harv. .......ooooooo.o.... 337 plumula, Ag.............»»*» 0» eno,» 333 scoparium, H.f. et Harv. ...........* 333 tingens, Harv. . 335 Turneri, var, J. 4g....... cere à 334 violaceum, Hare. .........«v**«e*e 334 E MU A ee i. 124 een Bb looi ioca ON 124 is A eiu) 124 Gët erp i BGs iin ia wie ER i, 852 Duns, ELE... a ve e A on 352 ? oblonga, Rich.....-..... n n nn nn 352 rhomboidea, Br. ssie sessi isset nitran 352 Callophyllis, Küfz. ..........-.........** ii, 824 coccinea, Harv. ...... "45 dudded 324 Jastigiatus, Harv, ee 323 Lamberti, Hf. et Haro................. 324 Calocephalus, Br... e.. seen ntn i. 196 lacteus, Leg... seen nnn nnn nn ng 196 Calocera, BR, «+...» ..os ii. 261 Guepinioides, Berk. ......... ....<0** 261 Calochilus, Br......... nnn n ii. 14, i campestris, Br. (TAB. DVL A), oues herbaceus, Lindl. .... n n 8 M Calorophus, Lab ji. 74 elongatus, Lab. .......--.-.... RT. 75 minor, If... o2 Ï ee 15 Calothrix, Mg: -sosoran enren inse e ii. 343 infestans, Harv......- sr rer tt nm ttt 343 ON A A O eg ii. 355 introloba, Muell. ......«.<<=====*.**** 355 Calycothrix, Lab..........-===".==*"=*:"*" i, 126 aueri, Schauer... n n n n 127 Brownii, Schauer ...... t 6068 127 a 127 virgata, A. Cumn. ee 127 Calyptrostegia flava, C. A. M.e vede i. 333 yn, CAL. uec nen mn 334 gracilis, C.A. M. ee 331 ligustrina, C. A.M... ÓN 333 linifolia, C. .M,..-. 00 6n 334 athulata, C.A. M, ..... eh. 334 Calyptrostigma ollngifelis, Klotzsch .....+ +. i. 339 384 INDEX. Page Page Calystegia, Br.. aida a MSN Carex Gaudichaudiana, Kth. (TAB. CLI. 4.) .. ii. 99 reniformis, D nix ade di LUN. TR 276 ni EE HN 100 NONIS, A ii A 276 AA AA ŴR 99 Dodd HM o LL. oed abo 276 MM ON eo ik es ee eee 100 Campanula capillaris, Lodd 1. 239 DF. .......... Jul ts 101 AO RS AT 239 ene: ` wu. 101 WAG, DU, <<. BEN Ge ug 239 A RN X ren 100 a mr A ER i. 238 Carpha, B. et 8. ii. 84 in Beide. nenn enc sens ü x NEN o > noit 84 Mob, Morntch.. .... sl ds GA sine: Carpodontos lucida, Lab... i. 54 Dee a J. et Wils. (TAB. CLXXII. 4) i 2 eer, Behe... O oet ii. 286 Wn EE NAE M—— . . ..... oe cc wn 286 insititius, ER et Wils. (TAB. CLXXII. -“ 3) as os cl. i... NN d ww A A ii. 288 Mm o. ads 172 O O ER, a a 288 pallidus, H.f. et Wils 173 inermis, Kütz 289 BEE NUM o e oo. ea 173 SOR VELIE. EE 289 torquatus, Mitien ..... io 173 E we MT i. 41 Campynema, Lab ii. 47 nn ART NEE ga?! AW. ag i. 200 TO e a EE 48 A ad E e, ees 200 Candollea serrulata, Lab.. 1. 235 A R4 a 199 Cantharellus, ar A e EA ii. 248 sw Y TO dd 1.317 strigipes, Berk. ...... AB onu 248 A 38 ues 318, ii. 369 Canthium us Fl. EE i. 165 BED DR... ..... ish | OU i. 817 Capea biruncinata, Mont... ii. 289 PONES EE SE 318, ii. 369 SEL DNE o — web 289 Castraltia salicornoides, A. Rich... .......... ii. 283 HERR Qo. ... SS aa caus i. 164 in Rmh. o. SE es i. 347 Capsella Australasica, F. Muell aan OM i 23 distyla, Vent 348 INNEN o . .... re bi i. 18 a Rd SH ¿Dd GN 348 "EE E 20 Bau Bi... Ye RW 348 dictyosperma, Hook. ....... Wet We com 19 quadrivalvis, ES GN ID 347 MEU VV VS RI neci 20 NE ena no «ote O A 348 e ia MO lb 20 suberosa, Otto et Dietr. (TAB. XCVL).... 348 Ll ie to BB CO e e — i. 347 : intermedia, HOG. A o oe Catanella major, Sad... ii. 297 uma Hook o us 19 Catharinea Polytricadelphus innovans, C. Muell. ii. 200 "—— Hook 19 Catharomnion, Hr e£ Wils. .............. ii. 217 pratensis, Z 19 ciliatum, Hr et Wils. .... ...... cats radicata, Hr 18 Caucalis glochidiata, Bot... 1.161 o0, 5] 9 S EC SE 18 Caulerpa, A A O roma ii. 337 i ee 19 OSDI, MAd- oo ona tel QUE TUS 337 ME PF EE ii. 98 UU, AA a 338 e A y lO 99 GENE MOM. A gun 338 Archeri, pase et. Ol da A a P8 farcifolia, Hf. et Haro... ni aeut 337 barbata, B TEEME mmn m eden od ie 100 geminata, Harv... 838 Seene, ISO E nm 101 Harveyi, Muell RE 338 breviculmis, A YN GN 101 Non, | ee. ee 337 POO NES EE 100 we a — IA 337 cataractee, Br. (TAB. CLI. B).......... 101 ais) el, de... De E myd 338 ERR Gë CA BE en 338 Qoo QR EOS 101 SEE, db. s. vs sera; 338 INDEX. 385 Pago Caulinia antarctica, Br. .............. ei ee pct, Be, ....... << «VW ee 43 NEM, BE. 2. nn E e 45 eneen DV a ge e 1. 98 DRS: IA PO T > 98 Celeceras monile, Kütz.. cs ii. 330 Celmisia, Cass i. 180 a UE ee K. - 181 longifolia, Oia E ec en 181 Omirrhenes, Lab. AL As i. 320 A o s os E Y ww ¿BRO Centroceras, Kütz. ìi. 329 WM Mod, E re 329 d ee eer SE ii. 76 aristata, R. et Sch. (TAB. CXXXVIII. Dine 48 Mecca, Lab au ei er 11 pulvinata, R- |... E wile 17 tenuior, #. eis, a vegan 76 Ceniropappus, HA os. soa. eas aiti ab Brunonis, Hf. (Tas. LXV.).. y ANO Pn A —— M 11. 329 Gergmiam, A 200 ae 11.330 tlaeulatim, Ag... s> w^ a 330 Deslongchampsis 225 4 S ees A 330 diaphanum, Roth. ut 20 eet day 330 Plamentosum, Ag, ee 329 graclimum, Air... .. .. a E 330 monile, H.f. el Hart... BYD ai 330 dee Sea 330 puberdos, A BB. 330 A URGE EI i Ro. MEME 330 LL nn Li 330 — Cg) APA ii. 178 purpureas,- Dyu o, aw 178 stenocarpus, Br. e£ Schimp. ............ 178 a Io E ìi. 362 | —————— 362 COM Ir.. oe sus s o o ii. 281 a FV... uo s sese TON aes 281 Wu iL. iss cce vaso exec iaa ii. 361 Ghetingium; Air 2 ne e ii. 316 y flabellatum, Haro. ...... um... 316 A AA My ui 316 Chetomorpha coliformis, KiútZ............... ii. 341 ` teen, Qus. a 341 Gomors Br. o cio oo co cm as ii. 81 A BA AL una CLE. pdeuves 82 capillacea, H€ (TAB. OXLI. 4.)...... 81, pa guber B un ev sese. RR mniaroides, Muell es mens OP O EE bac T. We 82 P Cheetospora spherocephala, Br. ............ 83 tenuissima, Hr (TAB. CXL. 2.)........ 81 tenuissima, Steud, 222... an 83 ww un Ps SO R n ii. 807 binis, Hare. o eee co EL WR 307 EE, SE 307 porya, Habi Os ode patios 307 AO Le 307 — EE Mb, No... d ii. 93 rad ae ii. 159 onse Br. a Lese sco diis MEN 159 ivefralle, Tayl, i...» oos sou E Ee 160 fragilis, Des. oo Ek 160 gymnopitys, 4. Braun ................ 159 DO 4 oum. 1... u... cus 159 hpiopitjs, A, Beem, ads ANED 159 macropogon, A. Braun................ 160 microphylla, F. Muell. ..........,,.... 159 mollusca, 4, Braun, i. 5.05 E oun vd myriophylla, E Mul, .... eu A'n UM. NEQUIT ii. 159, - Cheilanthes, a NL do M ce ii. 138 cL RA E 138 Penda, Col ... 11332 „az Ar 138 Premana, BO. yn... a. hl 138 OIE, BRB ok 5 a ae ak ae 138 lo, A ce ds 138 Beo, UAR. EE es 149 Cheilococca apocynifolia, Salisb. ............ 1. 96 Cheilosporum elegans, HE et Harv........... ii. 310 ha ee sud 1.311 Chenopodina Australasie, Mog. Tand 5; a i. 316 maritima, Mog. Tand. ................ 316 tortuosa, Mog. Tand..,......vv..'. uu 316 Chenopodium, L... 0.645055 53, elf as i. 313 ambiguum, Br. ....... pad ao OE OS 313 Wale, BE sees. EE 316 POS, Jb. a eus au 312 CO HE o du estos 312 NONE DE as 313 EE EE CZ 313 NEE EEN ii. 23 o lum DE ti a E 23 Gunnii, pur (Tas. CVIII. By ot. 23, 372 Ole ONE E EE, ii. 227 amphibolius, HL et Tayl............... 225 Neu 228 MON as da eui 228 CWDD, MW EE 228 conjugatus, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIX. fig. 2). 997 cymbaliferus, Hf. ef Tal... ios 228 386 INDEX. Page Chiloseyphus a. a. PAPA 229 fissistipus, Hf. et Tayl. .............. 228 Gunnianus, Mitten I. CLXXVIIL fig. 8) 228 A E 228 an. ELL. TUyL...------ Dicc 225 TT er WR hn 228 tridentatus, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIX. fig. 1). 228 o A y DF ii. 337 Gt, y... eb a AIL NW CS ii. 297 gn WÉI, O y ee in d 297 e A A ee 297 ZEN NEL II Om (hl ae’ 306 Rion. FS, Ot Here. AA eod o opuntioides, Harv. (Tas. CLXXXIX.).... 297 NENNEN T ARE Y es SU 297 TREE ATG, cos kc ee. ei ee 297 Chondrococcus Lamberti, Kütz............... ii, 324 VENE RA uu. -d A ii. 290 ssonüi, Kütz. .. 290 Mns, Zug... ives da 290 AAA IP se ii. 291 MEME UN dió rea oi a KS 11. 83 BEEN ia ia id 84 Chrysocephalum asperum, Steetz ............ i. 212 Welichrysoides, F'alp.......... sus 211 Chrysocoma cinerea, Lab..... ........o.... i. 203 a SPE o abl a 206 hL WR HE Vau ERE ri 202 ANE, BAD, ii aus ias 208 Gur. 7. RE ii. 327 NEN DENM na so ER ER 321 AN euis 327 Chylodiadig, Gr. +... bsp s ii. 327 clavellosa, Gree; s ss sk si e 327 MAN Hn. ... Jig 297 Tasmanica, Lond. Joum. ............. 297 Chylocladonia affinis, H.f. et Harv........... ii. 807 ee Ib. used vimos 307 DF A ii E ii. 111 a WS... ea ii. 306 eu. EE 306 TC GE 318 , ia li. 94 MEE. Ne ir E 94 a MU LIV a EE 96 GW EE 94 Era, Hf. (Tux. CXLVIIL 2.) .... 95,374 MW S o ook e eres Emu 95 GEN Hf. (Tas. CXLVIII. 4.) 95 EE EE EE EE 96 E AA Deh Au a 96 Page Cladium | z > (Tas. CXLIX.) . 95 IS E A e O Oe ii. 202 IA i nio o EA 202 BEEN M IL I A —— . ers 202 MM nern ii. 350 O A 350 a NH. nn 350 WG Bann ann al a 350 A AI 2 GR 351 MAU Fore ,......... I. au 350 ne A 350 CA, A us 351 MW rio... Au une 350 001. ooo AAA 351 A Poe dte u TIS 350 SOME EE LV accro EROS CEDE 351 Ru. DM. Leere Vibe alia o bai 350 oss LL Usi AA A E 351 E AAA IRURE 350 NW ERIN II 350 coo in. 5,77. A 350 AA NN n TT 350 yeraoliati Fri... S D zu 350 O A Sen ii. 339 Bainesii, P. Muell. et Haro. ............ 340 E A, ua 339 RER La FD Y Ss 340 BREED RE EE 340 e e AE EE 340 hn y la Leve s e socer sel 340 O AAA SE u ii. 292 A Ql ACI TEN OTT 292 Dictyosiphon, Harv. en 292 EINER D LV V Se S sre ERR Eur 292 E AAA dS. cues ii. 293 AA A Rer 301 a ie ere ae 293 Cid LAMA a tx ii. 294 plegan, Lamour. sk E 294 bul. PS eek esc ES 260 Archeri, Berk. (Tas. CLXXXIIL fig. 3) .. 261 CN gs AF ME SUN 6 o Fa SF DSL ii , 261 ET RS ue e er 261 nsu E EE E C 261 coss A HE ìi. 309 A A AA ers v ali ii. 277 Cenir, Ber eo esso oe eo n An HRS | Oories; u, — RDUM rer iila, ANAP, euro nha A EA re 61 Bao SN ST b ME eolinifolia, Bal, ....., 0s nets une ps. ôl ferruginea, Hk. ......... Tu Up DE 62 glabra, Lindl... ..... € 62 Lawrenciana, Hk, ...... e 61 AA inne 62 Som EE ae e 62 tB AA ers 61 ere? OMA E E 62 speciosa, Ændr. ...oooooocooommoo omo... 62 ee dde 62 ng E E ann 62 bos TD ss IA ER ii. 259 en ee 260 ns I WN 260 eetaceum, AA 260 388 Page Corticium leve, 7r.......... orn 259 Mougeotü, Fr. ........ «o... «<...... 259 a A ys 259 BERE sea E e ENEE ES 260 eg MES LULA HE CSeeke eh) n 260 ONE Mc sog t eI ii. 947 Archeri, Berk. hine CLXXXI. fig. 7) . 247 Corynespora, I. AJ......ooo.ooooo.ooo..... ii. 333 arachnoidea, ram vigil bey AV CEU. WERT 333 Corysanthes, Br. TY aa d saca c eto ii. 15 PAN, Lindl ..... AAG 16 fimbriata, Br. vede OVE Ak yes 16 OE A een ne i. 191 alpina, Hf. (Tas. LL 4.)........0....-. 192 NUN HE (DAR. b. au) ee 191, 229 DOOP RORE Do... ca 0. 00 a es 191 integrifolia, H€ em L. zus ia xac V rl 192 microcephala ?, DC. —— Al WM, Foret. — es 194 Wo DO. i Y WE E 191 VENE NEAL io ace eR NE S i. 160 NOL, Mos, o ac eov 160 ZEN NE. I u au MO es 160 MEE ZUBE read ese OPES . 197 Ms; A ao 198, ii. 364 FEN, CNG Ze AES i. 197 PUMA Fn S SR 197 tascrocephals, Hook. 2.2... 0... 197,ii. 364 Miu, DOSE, A a E i.197 NE LI o sov NR 197, ii. 364 MEN Lo roc cre Ee iC wh M5 OPIO, JE Loi eris na NR ii. 258 puso, INE u. vesc secco ee 258 Cratérnum, Tyeilepolb a E ii. 267 DWED, Irene. en. 268 CWINS, €. Af ia eS o ii. 330 DOLO, far, Harb: iS 330 insignis, Harv. (TAB. CXCIII. 2.) ...... 331 Cryphæa, Mohr, A Yd AN ii. 204 i MOM N RN 204 microcyathea, O. Muell........2......:, 179 Crypheea Deeg Mitten (TAB. CLXXV. f. 9) 204 Cryptandra, 5; i. 70 We: ew TEE EEN EEN A alpina, Hf. (Tas. AIL. 43s. te 15 ss S NEED A 74 dam cnet on P AN 72 S EF OR AL) so id 13 PENNE. ve A 72 a. o. ER x, 73 A SEA 71 VON rn EE 73 INDEX. Pago Cryptandra P parvifolia, Hf. ....-......... 73 pimelioides, H,f. (TAB. XII. 2) er iaa | A A n 74 A A EE 72 SL ARM ang 71 Oryplonemiaoe® vie err ie ee ii. 320 Ben Br ee <<< PETRA ii. 8 longifolia, Br. (TAB. CVIIL) . a 8 Ctenodus Labillardieri, Kütz. ........ ue ii. 313 Sy une ne a QU UL i. 142 Culcitium lineare, Spreng. ................ i, 225 sws TONE. ¿om ¿ere 224 Cunninghamia cupressoides, Sieb. et Zuce. .... 1.354 selaginoides, Sieb. et Zucc.. 354 NL. A NN i. 148 ss A ir e ERC EC ttn 1. 345 en ee an ee 1. 278 A UU yc CR ES 278,11. 368 a DO os ee ee EK man 1, 244 SE Ee re 247,1. 365 ascendens, Hf. (TAB. LXXIV. 4.) i. 245 Te A E Ee 245 WCE d A rr EAE Fae 254 divaricata, Hf. (Tab. LXXIV. B.) ...... 246 BEEN RE Te A AAA 245 i Y anya 245,11. 365 ENSE A E EE i. 246 DIA co a ennt 246 NE A 245, ii. 365 Ossthophorom, P. Beak. ....... ceres ii. 218 se — HY KEE 218 MM A PA iN ynn ii. 269 LL LL TY a ds e 269 Oyenogeton Hügelii, Endl. ................ ii. 40 CODO QUE Lour er ee e 1. 225 En QU << oi A 226 PEE, A A t y 226 GYymolobes, König EE anna ii. 44 an TT een 44 QUU JUNK A au 1. 279 TU DE no E 280, ii. 368 LL EE EEN i. 280 TT A arena T Je ii. 79 o ee oo a ss lt B. 19 mun, HJ. (Tan. CXIu 4.) ye «cas 80 sanguineo-fuscus, Nees (TAB. CXXXIX.).. 80 Cyphanthera Tasmanica, Miers.............. 1. 289 ynia, A A MEE ii. 260 Wu lU —— 260 SONNEN JE. een 260 INDEX. 389 Page Cyrilla spinosa, Spreng. ................«. i. 39 Cytlöstylis, Br. 22008. 2 ER NS ìi. 25 reniformis, Br. (TAB. CXIX E.) ........ 26 A A O EE 1. 265, 11. 366 procera, Muell ii. 366 Sprengeloides, Br... be s Cystoclonium carnosum, J. Ae... ii. 323 membranaceum, J, Ago. us. BB Cystophora, J. Ag. . A cephalornithos, Lab. ed OS dedipidi, Br: ID IA 285 IE H-E Av BR mens 284 WG RNA, O REA eiu 283 A aoe A ene pago, Meri. dd + she ADN 284 retronesé, 246.505) DELAS AA 283 spartioides,: Ten, cori una 284 torulosa, EV... an RA 284 Uvilers, Ag RE 284 xiphocarpa, Harv. (TAB. CLXXXV.) .... 284 Cystophyllum, A. e... weiss ii. 285 3>fMuricatum, Tura. .. .. 20:5 26 Ov ceo BS Cystopteris, Bernh. iii o ee ii. 135 tata, Hook. .......... 2/0/44 EE 156 fragilis, Bernh. (TAB. CLXVI.).......... 136 fragilis, var... 2:2 NID 375 Tasmanica, Hook 136 Cytthria, Berk... +. LAA ss ìi. 277 Gun, Berk... ¿AA A uus 277 DANTE, Bei 8.5 ... 0 Ps Fy wi ve i. 351, 357 Franklinii, H, = (Tas. Hog. HOC. er 357 MY ih, Nat a cnm are ii. 263 deliquesctns Duy O „ve ua 263 miltinus, Berk. (TAB. CLXXXIII. fig. 7).. 263 sclerotioides, Berk. (Tas. CLXXXII. fig. 8) € striatus, Berk. 2.8... 4 227 seien Daltonia, Hook. ef Tayl. .. EE E Be pusilla, Hr et Wils. (TAB. CLXXVII. f. a 221 Dumpiera, Br... ur. oc dscns ee i. 230 oblongata, Be, 0 RR FO 230 MDO, Bl i ae 230 Moi SN UR ii. 120 Archeri, H. vim CLXBI SN. -a 122, wr Gunsiana, Nees, e eso eos cs LPS nervosa, 77.f. (Tan. CLXIII o). =: e pauciflora, Br. (TAB. CLXII. 4.)........ 121 prides, ME EE 120 semi-annularis, a. rs AA 120 CROC Be FF —— a 121 Nase Der. es ck bas as cae ON 121 VOL. If, Danthonia subulata, Hr (TAB. CLXI. B.).... ii. 121 Darea flaccida, Willd. .. . . iud iniit, Willi... e: et, axi 146 Dasya, Ag. . cm AOS Archeri, ie. ca rc BAR Aud ees ue nM A eo —— aed 304 empilleris, HJ. el Haro... Se 302 A A 10$ 22) 0 806 cain, Bond... = Lorie oet 304 Feredays, A 235. 2090 303 Guiana, Dem, OR 290 29898 301 Hallen, Harv. : ve vi ey ee 303 hapelathriz, Hare.. ¿0 a 302 TT ET iii se on ANI 304 A AA me 302 Nude, TTT i.i. os a 303 o. ann. EB; EF vd ur 302 pellucida, A «Ul NU 304 plumigera, Hare... «see cio Wide 303 Tasmanics, Bond... i E AU 302 Lyn RE, AE A 304 WERE DIN Ud revu e rr nx 302 "niw I en nn y ii. 320 Tesnameca, HJ. e£ Haro. vue ¿=> => Du; TON. BE QUE Ss i. 161 australis, PPD... << we. A dé 161 Iu, 945... ca A 161 Daucus microphyllus, Presl................. i. 161 peius, Michaux. oo soso «00. ¿ds ds 161 DRE, + E A Y 161 Y A NA ebe ii. 132 Divieds, DI u. ee A 1. 82 A Jr. runs AA 83 umbellulata, Se. ........ Lg Y 82 A Sg FD nn rer, .ii, 201 giulia, Br. ... lieet ees 201 superba, Gren. .....oooooommoono»....- 0 Decaspora, Br.......... ss. i. 253, ii, 365 Cunninghamii, DO. .................. 4 dile Bi. oc icc A WCU oe “ŷn Gunnii, Hf. (TAB. LXXVI.)...... i. 254, ii. 365 thymifolia, Br. ...........<...-<--..-. i. 254 Delesseria, Lamont... isese «(vv vs. ii. 311 conferta, Ag. eee mme 306 EE Mont... I rera 311 endivisfolia, H.f. et Haro............... 312 frondosa, Hf. et Haro. Ee 312 interrupta, Ag. ...... Lev veu ved da 319 ? Leprieurii, Se nn 311 Lyallü, Hf. et Haro........«< ES (Tas. CXXXIIL B.) ...... 58 EE US... ee EN 170 MIA Y A 56 | Sieberianum, Hornsch. ................ 169 ? coo Kth. e Bouché c£. ee 57 mauu Falk? ....... ccr sn 171 NEL I S unito nie lí 57 DE Nu. d Mor 2........ S ces 171 ae. o o Ce EP T 56 PENNE E GU eer eurer mn 171 EE EE WE T e OOO, OF. et Nis... a i. sone 376 Tasmanica, Hr (Tas. CXXXIII. 4) .... 57 SEE OO d EE ne ii. 295 tege Ee ii. 280 GENEE e Ne et 306 elevate, Ho. cl. AS. eì UT 280 HORE NAE es roS ee BAD medic us o rie Bs 280 ws. 8 a 295 Dichelachne, Endl. E EN ii. 111 Dietyoephen ds en ii. 339 uu i chao roro anii; 111 sericea, Haro. (TAB. CXCVI. 4.)........ 339 SEEN DN vias ÓN 111 Mota, Lamothe. ss e e diuo ii. 290 NR EAR. e bs dv 111 dichotoma, LA. av a A cass 291 Mosa Tie Re A vs sh Rose 111 TO MEL I s ee ores nce een 290 dpud te FN 111 mayen, e E a aes 291 sciurea, H f. (Tas. CLVIIL 4.) ........ 111 PU A d. ern 291 MW. E DEE Sn 112 COU, ERE io o EE 291 ne 112 SUNN, ER E rs ii. 290 oulgaris, Trin. et Rap. is asna 111 HOMME, PA. A YND ii. 267 Dichodontium, BEIDE. ee es n. 171 Yemen, EA bo xh 267 Ves ies a A EE 1.877 DEED er ce i. 154 eis 278 buwi, E Ee 154 "emer a Wie als —— O i. 157 pilosus, e SE 154 Eege, eg EIN Su 4 | Didi, Bed a ii. 267 Dichopogon humilis, Kth................... ii. 51 sns. i RR MINUTO QD. o 267 INDEX. 391 D Didymodon, Br. et Sch. ........;.v.«vv««.ii; 178 cyathibarpus, Miten 7.2.5. we cnm 186 longifolius, Hf. et Wils, .. schienen 177 papillatus, HJ. et Set, us A uova 178 Prec, HA... leis ox i. 309 thesioides, He (TAB. XCIIL).......... 309 Dillenia procumbens, Lab, ............o.o.o.. 1.13 Vilenice, DO 221 a» 22 A en i. 12 Piilwynis, Sw. na ee i. 84, ii. 300 adenophora, Yond. A 6s y e wares i. 85 Atos, Bra... ii 85 ericafolia, A en 85 CL Mr qu 85 COCA, is TU 85 sericea, A. Cunn 85 dnglantaere, A AO AA 1. 45 amplarthena, Br... A ao Vi ii. 34 rea, H6 as ves A FU AN 34 cC AS eebe 1.156 mds, HA, ii EMA 157 nn Hf. (Tas. XXXIV.) . 156 Diplax, B. et 8. ..........> an ii. 105 aiite Hf. (Tan, OLV. Da 105 Diplostephium aculeatum, Nees ............ 1.178 Gratum; Nees lo owen 175 ramulosim, NoBB ...., sites EFA 178 atellulalum, Neos ¿A 175 Dipodinin, Dru. aaa EF Yn ow ls ii. 32 punctatum, Br. (TAB. CXXVIL) ...... 32, 372 Disarrenum antarcticum, Lab............... ii. 108 Un ee 2 1. 69 Me o NA CN 69, ii. 359 MWD AA i. 351, 353 Archen, HJ. (PAN. RUVID egen 353 Dissodon callophyllum............«. ....1. 198 "mop, O. Muell. .,...... .. uk. 199 Distichium capillaceum, H.f. et Wils. ........ii. 177 Docs wmilecosa, Banks.. ......« A une i, 42 ME D RE taa Aes MR ii. 6 deren, BED... oe cs EE 7 corymbosa, Lindl. (TAB. CV. B.) 7 Groond, Landl <<... dae y aaa 7 lanceolata, bandi. ........ 332v Ew 8 maculata, Sm. (TAB. CIV. B.) .........- 6 palustris, Lindl......... vs. nns 1 pedunculata, Br. (TAB. CV. 4.) ........ 8 sulphurea, Br. (TAB. CIV. 4).......... 1 Dodomts, E REOR ana i. 55 asplenüfolia, Rudge .............. + 55 "er dy 55 saìsobiolia, A. A rn 55 Page Dodonea spathulata, SM. .............o... i. 55 es Foro, E ica as a dio toon 55 toam Leder o Ro s ii. 147, E NEU, ann coe is ds vates BUM, N^ Li oL esa cta un y o A a ii 147 DO Bodl... ee is 1.11 Draba, L..... i. 24 nr DB OS ee 24 un o NO OU ii. 356 T Lo e a ve ee a S ìi. 367 mun, HA, ce 367 minimum, Muell à 367 DERE LE. ne tais i. 330 TOME. YF dimi i. 330, ii. 369 DAA ii Su un, FEBS 5g i AGE ER Ho uso Lag E auriculis, BOOkhs 06. «Y Ve ne 30 binsta, Lab. .. i vwy sv vtm 29 Cunninghamii, Walp... ..... sv >> ais 30 ia, Wi bases e 29 Maint BE. IO a E 30 peddle, Pet. AN AA O 29 ww TT DER ou 30 a A ON 30 A A +,» iene icto me 30 REN, DG, oc i.e sos n RE e 29 spathulata, L4b........... edens 29 Ms. WD es hi can ov vd oe ee i. 28 Drymopkila, Br. ..,=.=.s4 2 «19-505 a ii. 48 cyanocarpa, Br.......... «vv .... 49,373 Dryptodon crispulum eee nnn ii. 181 Echinopogon, Beauv. ............ ii. 117 Grab, A 117 Ecklonia, Hormem. ......... men oe ii. 289 exasperata, I. Ag... een 289 Wis, J. dp. YE RM 289 Ectoearpace .......ee e MR ii. 293 Ectocarpus, Lyngb. ........ nnn ii. 294 fasciculatus, Harv................... e 294 ee E A don 294 E LO. Lie ee E EE 294 rioris distichophll, A A ii. 104 stipoides, Lab. s.s.s enirat erosen 115 Eleocarpeg...... EE n E i. 52 Eleocarpus peduncularis, Lab............... 52 Eleocharis, Br. ................--.. ìi. 85, 374 gracilis, Br. ........ ooo...» .....» 85 392 INDEX. Page Eleocharis mucronulata, Nees.............. ii. 85 A APM NN 85 Elatine, Z. ... A o vates i. 46 Americana, FR Pos a En 47 ENEE ira ES 1. 46 Eleogiton fluitans, Link. e YU A. 80 Embothrium tinctorium, lob. CERRO. i i. 327, 328 A IW A d Emphysopus Gunnii, HI... 00 eee ee 1.190 Buniepti; Sclr6b, eic Y wis ii. 182 BERGES. IM FF IS 182 VULNUS, END, esr oriri onm RR LOD Encelium sinuosum, Kütz A 29] ent an O EVE ii. 363 ? T d E 353 NEN Ier ooo mre ii. 282 Dee? mew CLXXXIII. fig. 15)...... 282 TRINOBODEE, A AAA PRSE ii. 341 compren, Gron... oo sico. a 941 A A dO. doc 341 Matoloma panniculus EN 1. 245 Entosthodon, Mitten Entosthodon, Schwagr. .................. gracilis, Hf. et Wils. _ productus, Mitten (Tan. OLXXY. Ae 1). 197 KENNEN as yW i. 242 Epacris, Sm..... i. 256 gegoss, fola A 257 cenellora, Geeks we ee Ve 251, di. 366 MO LA S in 1. 262 ee Hf. (Tas. LXXVIIL 4.) .. 261 SEE So. ee i. 260, ii. 366 Tankini. HJ (Tan. LXXIX. By. i. 261 Gunnii, Hr (Tas. LXXVIII. SS 1. 256, ii. 366 heteronema, Lab : . .. 1. 257, 11. 366 FAI, EL ys uii n Rte 1. 263 eu A ore i. 257, ii. 366 loups, Zeb ccoo ne 1.258, ii. 366 MADDAU, Br cr i edu NG 366 A cera cc es 1. 258, 11. 366 myrtifolia, Lab 1. 259, ii. 366 NN ON ro a i. 257 MA, DO. oe ie cde E oi 257 PNEU, Ba esee eres, cue 260 peu A e eere Sr 261 funis, Font, i udis 255 "macie A. Ount f ir e A ek 258 RUE, r.i. sessi 257, ii. 366 Greg, Je s vss sur i. 260, ii. 366 DUM UI oo ees oo a i. 250 Mm A A 259 Epacris variabilis, bodd. .................. 1.257 virgata, Hf. (TAB. LXXIX: 4.)....i. 260, ii. 366 Ephemerum cristatum . .. li. 163 Epiglossum Smithii, Kita, H An A ae ii. 295 Epilobium . 1.115, ii. 862 een, Se (Tas. XXI). “caei dM denticulatum, Ruiz et Pavon . AAA EI JUNE is a 1. 118, ii. 362 NENNEN ia e PE CER 1.118 A AM SEH 118 MI, HT. u 5 n usus 117 Sees, G.G eS 117 O ee FC 118 coe te a fn ae 116 tetragonum, L. ian . i. 117, ii. 362 virgatum, A. Cuna. EE i. 118 Foyer MH rr ii. 23 SH O... oy A ii. 326 membranacea, Hare. .................. 920 Do uiuo A E NEU i. 218 a cun ER PIU NN os 2a 219 CONCE ILE e e e glabrescens, DC.. a NND Gumnii, Hf. (Tas. LXII) . Uer ee 220 hispidula, DC. . i e EU dyes M prenanthoides, DC. icone E ATAN A A wu TT MN a iaa > RR 218 tenuiflora, DC. RE i Eremodon robustus, H. f P Wils.. ii. 198 AA O coge 1. 240 Erigeron, Z nad i. 182 Gunnii, Muell. e CU i. 183, ii. 363 Tappocluvma, Lab... lid. i. 182, ii. 363 Tasmanicum, Hr (Tas. XLVI. se i. 183, ii. 868 Eriochilus, Br., n. 26 autumnalis, Br. (Tas. OXX. as ) ara 26 ROI Ne ez Fh e A VPE 1. 64 Cu EA ARS o s oen lb s 64 DUUM Mull A O atit ii. 358 exciso MAS Ne UU 358 SENE ET A ne ELS i. 63 PAREM EE EE 140 verneonum, A eh or i. 64, 11. 358 virgatum, 4. Cunn i. 64, ii. 358 GG“ O SL o, Fl i 159 "lun, Lek. A 159 EUN TT eerie rere rn oue ERAN i. 970 BR DE... ..... 2:00. 20 271 Nrytbroclonun, 5ond............29 5.228 ii. 322 meee Aud. Luis. seco ae 322 INDEX. 393 Page Erithrodamum FY Pet. Thi aid dh 168 Escallonieae ..... «AES es A ABO Eucalyptus, I Hêrit. : i. 131 erus; Seer. 5.2.1 isis ndi hin 135 EA, Lab.. u. LKA ls 135 coccifera, Z f. oe "t AE tud 133 cordata, ^ dnd 132, ii. 362 coriacea, 4. Ci cs irte RE E gigantea, H.f. (Tix. XXVIII). RPE M80 Clobulns, Dal... «¿o a u 133 Gunnii, Hf. (Tas. Tn AMT. a AU nitida, Hf. (Tas. ARIAS. s esi aud. EL , Sieb É GSM podes, H, f. (Tas. XXIV) pongo HA (Tan, ZXVL)... u. ad alis, Euchiton collinus, Cass. .................. 1916 A EEE N: ' sus Kuss: oss de ad 216 E APA E i. 54 Billardieni, Sech... EE 54 Milligani, Af. (TAB. VIIL) ...... i. 54, ii. 358 Eupatorium ferrugineum, Lab............... 1.206 rosmarinifolium, Lab. /................ 205 EE EE i. 337 Bedruh Lo... EE eS Be. Gh 296, ii. 369 cell SF I 296, ii. 369 c.n UP. P A SE 298, 11. 369 EE oc EE 167 integerrimus, Mitten Sa CLXXI. fig. 8) 168 - oblongifolius, H.f. et WPils............... 168 pallidus, Hr et Y cd O Eus 168 puloinatus, var., Hedw.................. 180 MW AU iS iid 167 rigidulus, Hr et Wils. . 167 strictus, Hf. et Wils. (Ta. CLXXI. fig. o 167 Saylor, O. Muell. s; ... «Bis i. 7 tenellus, H.f. et 168 vittatus, Hf. et Wi ^" (Tan. CLXXI. fig. 6) 167 A e * e Co i. 236 BEEN BÉ iue ecrit ew 236 Jub Auli. =... VR s ii. 238 RENNES, UE cuore err m nt mà 238 BEN DUE Leo ero we — c ee P 238 POA ci oneal pes EE i. 40 EN Me E A OE 277 RD INL nn AN 40 Week wawa urs vui da ORA i. 40 PH AE A es en m i. 351 australis, Br. (Tas. pod 1h Tae e^ 352 thomboides, Mill, i 352 adic (entities es ox, A EE 353 Freyera humifusa, A. Gay ................ i. 344 DO Pea a EU NAI es ee i. 52 nn Werne ern 52 EE ii. 236 Gh; Hf. op... E 237 an AA wf .... ......... 237 dopati, JAN dd 237 BEDA, EF WT, od 237 Gaudichaudii, Nees e£ Mont. ............ 237 BEER Na ee A tad 236 mégalocarpa, HE et + SD 231 monovera, HA eb 7m... eoe es Fi 237 proboscidophora, Tayl. er CLXXX.fig.5) 236 RE ER SE ii. 282 Fucodium chondrophyllus, J. Ag............. ii. 285 PANNE AO ee 285 Page Aide. allamloides, Bei: T. ¿ar ii 329 eee Teen . ande a ìi. 349 cupularis; Scher a eae 349 Gymnanthe, Tayl. ii. 229 cinerascens, Ide. A Lis T CLXXIX. f 4». 229 concinna, Mitten (Tas. CLXXIX. fig. 6).. 233 diplophylla, Mitten een CLXXIX. ae 5). 230 Drummondii, Mitten . E E säpcate, Zoyl.,... ¿a 229 tenella, H.f. et Tayl. cha CLXXIX. geng " 229 Urvilleana, Tayl. .... 229 OPD Clin. ss hdd AT) TAS ran ii. 343 Gymnococca drupacea, ©. A. M 1.332 TEE ii. 151 Hwpanicn, Comon , . raeas a on ds 151 leptophylla, Date... ae reete OL yntefolia, Hook. et Qro... uad vai 151 subglandulosa, Hook. et Grev. .......... 151 Gamnogongrus, Matt. i11. u. ar ii. 322 A Horo.. Co ... a a 322 farcellatua , Ag... co ss eect ae RR 322 Gymuoschenus, Neee A 0, iind ii. 83 adn, Na8..... nie 83 spherocephalus, e re wd o BU Gymnostomum, Hedw.. EU sum f mocete, TT E EE 327 Halystris, Targ. sn un nun dan ys O Mueller, Sond.: s » FY SON 179 repens, Hook.. disan Sch AN A aW za 178 Helichrysum, Vall. « 212 macrocephalum, A. Cunt. +... .........> 210 Milliganii, Hr (Tas. LX. pa 214 niveum, €: rara on 44s iR. RE 212 papillosum, Zab. ....ooooooooooooo.... 212 pumilum, Ff. "s LEA 4d) GG» 09 213 punctatum, D, ee nnn 215 reticulatum, gant a CERRO Mae 202 scorpioides, Lab. .............«**»»» 211 semipapposum, DC. b LU A ER 211 Helipterum, DO...........-./v9v n n i 214 MEN a ir vt En 214 anthemoides, DC. (Tas. LXL).. 215 PE DU, eren rh rer 214 luu DE A o 214 INDEX. 398 Page LM. AMA eee ef ii. 317 Helothris pusilla, Nees. .........v.....««. ii. 83 el y AN a Wwe one SE N e Ee ii. 272 MAA, , BEE EE 272 Ua A E Re 258 NEEDLE RR FAU Lu ii. 107 TR NE i id ES 107 FR, A A EE 1.811 BEBE KK nn coe Hy 311 dier dec E et ii. 312 Hemionitis discolor, Schk. ................. ii. 143 BN, e sus esses ess cao i. 157 MN TLS, A O RO, E 158 bellidioides, ^. Jan. XXXVI).. „ass. 158 NENNEN RE i tt 158 tridentata, is O oL rn 158 —— ELI vie WWW AN ii. 221 Herpetium involutum, Mont. .............. n. 232 i [4l MM ee ii. 54 Tasmanie, Hr (TAB. CXXXII. B.)...... 54 Heterolena incana, C. A.M... 2222222... 1. 339 MA AA 332 IO dc 333 MW A A ORO ii. 47 AA. Ho ¿AS 47, 313 BENE ee ii. 255 —'—— AA a 255 A AA Y Si 1.13 angustifolia, Salisb. .... 2.0.0. 00.0005. 13 camphorosma ?, 8ieb................... 18 in se 15 ericefolia, Hf. (Tas. HL) ............ 14 ame UO. M c E E 13 sinl DO. Ie 13 PEDR, DU. coo n 13 prorrata, Hook- Li O oos 14 BOUE AE re a 14 NO, Hook. a ne 13 HANE, EE EE ii. 107 antarctica, ns 108 s, Rem. et Schult. ............. 108 Fai. dd oN Ce EE 108 rariflora, 77, 4 (Ds. CLVIL 4) 5. usn 108 Wc BF... o ywi 108 eegen i EEN ii. 262 TI o a 26 vitellina, Mont. (TAB. CLXXXIII. fig. 6).. 262 db EE EE EE ii. 219 amblyophylla, Ep et Aalen ru 219 garen BF aT. A ou 219 ME ees esL ons 205 Page Hookera crispula, Hr et Wils. ............ 220 microcarpa, Hedw.. Oei. Ein nigella, Hr et Wils.. ST eg 220 obscurum, ap (Tas. CLXXVII. fig. 4). 220 pennata, Hoo 218 pulchella, H " RU ware 220 rotulata, Sm.. sinuosa, Hr e Wil, (Tas. 'CLXXVII. 1 3) 219 } 9 Se 4€ o oes oe 0o E E A, Holomitrium cirrhatum, Mitten .... ere Bnd.. Sei IG EN 166 Horea, Harv. .... ig polycarpa, Hav. (Tas. OXCIV. B. ). | speciosa, Harv. (TAB. CXCIV. 4.) ...... 328 ER MW... y... O use ii. 285 EE 285 Labillardieri, Bory. . 285 A bogs? Nn 285 i ue. D A uw ee, v i. 93 heterophylla, 4. Cunn. (TAB. XV.) ...... 93 PUE: NE si ee 93 TC DA REA i. 22 australis, Z.f. (Tas. IV. ). i. Was PEPA 23 DONE NE os ies 22, ii. 356 Fu sw. 7, Hooks, Sii oor rs ER WN D D ee ii. 256 GYD, DINE is DS ET 256 FUGO, DAÑE Iber s. Vo e re 256 NUDO LL See Y 256 ICA, Do aope DU: ceni ver 256 Me Se C DENEN rc 257 AAA ii.87 a TUM. euer cas i. 151 VAS A Vi EE MEN ME 155 AENEA iuh ues eet 153 CI o een 152 eg ek EE er 152 ESO Hb. us ans 152 Be EE 152, ii. 362 een i. 154 peduncularis, Br. (Tan. XXXII. B.)...... 152 pterocarpa, Muell. (XXXIII. B. et C.) 153, ii. 362 Tasmanica, Hr (Tas. XXXII. 4.) .. 152, ii. 362 a tie aa e en 153 IN Di od a i. 27 e— —B DE a 27,ii. 357 Mr DN... «<< NF 357 GER, EE ILS ne 357 ee ee ii. 318 ae. Y nr TU Hynd, AY. el NW. occas’. al ii. 216 : P Hymenodon pilifer, Hr et Wils............, 216 Hymenophyllum,.Sw.,........./. i.i ii. 133 atrovirens; Col. A A AGO 134 cnepatum, Pal... «wild 134 cupressiforine, Lab: 12.2... 2028 0004 133 flabellatuni, £ab..........« Keime: 134 obellatum, Dt... << GA EE J'eswosisi; A; Cath 14401 AK V 134 Jumarioides, Bory ..... e ev e EE NA 134 mmörscalun, Col... 30. 1. DEDE 134 WIE, DE. arei E E RE 135 PERUS Ds io AUD 134 Seegen, Col nax a UN eh 133 semibivalve, Hk. et Grev. .............. 133 Tunbridgense, var., Sin 1 unilaterale, Wi 133, 375 Fihim, HE EE 1 Hypericineze i. 53 Eypericum, AA AD UR i. 53 grammeum, Port... «e deuda 53, ii. 358 WHO, Chois, e „wi. dee en DUE daponicum, Thunb. EE 53, ii. 358 pedicellare, Endl ,,......;. o u 3 puntium, Chois. s.s sss srs. esat i tee 53 Hypholoma. dispersis e ee occ ii. 247 JOSU D sayana Us lo 246 Hypnea, Lamour ii. 315 charoides, Sond. CG sit sc Y 315 episcopalis, Hf. et Harv. ......... Wd 815 BUM, HAMA. ss y ur esc) 31: a de, ne NW 315 Ee eh, ii. 207 ' aciculare, Lab. d 211 ATOCH, es a 205 aristatum, Ff. et Wils. (Tas. CLXXVI. fig.6) 210 asperipes, Mitten (TAB. CLXXVI. fig. 4).. 209 212 EE, siii duech e EE austanam, H^. et Soin, IE 209 arms, RK, e A vun 215 campestre, Bruch... vs i gne wd 210 cerviculatum, Hf. e£ Wil cn. E 212 chlamydophyllum, Hf. et Wils. ........ 212 Wout det Aen i... Yn Are 212 clandestinum, H,f. et Wils. ............. 911 cochlearifolium, Schwegr. .............. 211 collatum, Hr et Wils. (Tan. CLXXVI. fig.5) 209 EA a Eee 206 confertum, var., Hf. . ee ve contiguum, H,f.et Wi us. (Tan. CLXXVII. fig.2) 213 ermtan HE. AAA av 214 cupra, E... VII eU sid Page Hypnum cyparioides, Brid... .. ii. 212 decussatum, H f. et Wils............... 211 dentiouiatum, D, +. edy Ye. NU 215 distichum, Scheer 215 divalsum, HJ EM AAA ouk 211 Drmondéi, Tayl.. .... <. UG 213 extetuatum, EA Zune 214 Jolla, HE S, LD RIA 205 eem, Taye. sok 214 | EE JUNE Ze MUSAN, A a ibd EE ee, Jet Wils. (Tan. CLXXVI. fig. 2) T a un MAA. de Do du E n FFY dei hispidum, Hr et do MAL p 208 homomallum, C. Muell................. 213 Jolliffii, Mitten (Tan. ce fig. Jl.) S18 levinsculum, Mitten: 2.2... de ee 207 leptorrhynchum, Brid................. 212 leptorrhynchum, var., H.f. et Wils......... 213 minm, ZI Wile. ,...... Ada 213 EMEN E EE 220 II Een d e A 216 Mossmanianum, C. Muell. .............. 212 Mougeotianum, D'Urville? ............ 216 m mam, Hu NU ... EE 209 ne. FAU WR... Wenns 210 Dou, HJ. Ud FO, ds E 212 ponn Al Fo o EE 214 POI, FF Tu ces ive cece kd 210 o a EDS OU Ud d aou dx iode Oe 4. ce 206 NN, Li. cio a da 216 GWNEUD, FN i ÓN 206 Stuart, O. Mawell. 2 3. 208 subbasilare, Schweegr. s sissie cesson 216 BUM, HOW. o oa c ou iina can di. 209 TOO, HE a nie 213 Terre-Nove, var., H.f. et Wils... 213 unguiculatum, Z7 f. et Wils. (T. CLXXVI. £ 3) 208 o RO O ii. 278 CA AA Y sens 278 Eu esse E EE 278 ee E Y id 278 EEN A A 278 EE ÓN ii. 74 fastigiata, Br. (TAB. CXXXVIL) ........ 14 Wu JURE. Suse erre vs ii. 137 FD HUU 138 O EE d ee NEEN EN ii. 217 BEN RA AFF A NS. ves 218 Bëbee O TT EC 217 400 INDEX. Page Ud ge Hf. et Wils..... ii. 217 o m AW YR 217 rugl a 90 Hypoxis, L aca 90 EN Br. (Tas. CXXX. add SAI camo 36 ime £00... . . «Fir rn 36 MOM! D EE EP 36 pusilla, Hf. (TAB. OXXX. B.).......... 36 aer, Bult..... 24 4. ss wage inanis ii. 279 GO. A. Yi 280 AW BW E, e 280 MEME Y MT i. Su 280 NORD. Hal, a AF» ANF AUD 280 co vuU SW Y Y aka 219 TONNIDE F. E E 280 SGIO DOD. Aud... Saks O A 280 nn WE e EE AEN li, 281 eng INE I ee 281 ANO. Twb ias u aii li, 264 A ARA 264 a EE 1. 99 BENE FU rar EE 99 ML. uu E A 99 A AA A HF ii. 326 BED Hei. ER O AR 326 e ROP a Oh hae GR 326 Y HN Lees vH ty ARs cos 826 reet ira Aan add, 0d NEL ie ii. 257 Archeri, Berk. (Tas. CLXXXIII. fig. 1) .. 257 i i. YF ee i. 271 radians, DOES Sui ee 271 DOS, B. bnn en E ii. 158 N MS CN anne EE 158, 376 MM MO... E diia ii. 85 alpina, Hf. (TAB. CACHI B.) ........ 86 Bergiana, Schult. .. 88 cartilaginea, Br. (Tan. CXLV. uf el D a 88 A A PA c secs 89 crassiuseula, Hr (TAB. CXLIII. 4.) . 86 ee O 86 lenticularis, Br. (Tas. CXLV. D) ...... 86 merda, Nees edo cs Ci 88 NUN oe A enr xeu 87 prolifer, Br. (Tas. CXLIV) EE N 87 Ms S I SV. V V HN 89 riparia, P s DAL Uus. da 89 Ba . . SGS. 88 setacea, Br. . 88 Lat a ke. i i. 319 Page Isopogon ceratophyllus, Br... .............. i. 819 MENS Muten MW aeg ii, 232 Gunniana, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIX. fig. 8).. 232 intortifolia, Mitten š 253 subtrifida, Mitten Ka CLXXIX. vfi d 232 Isothecium, ix qun . ii, 205 A T^ 205 Archeri, p (TAB. CLXXV. fig. 8) .. 206 aen EU. e rs OS lo we A a EE en Colensoi, Z.f. et Wils. (TAB. CLXXVI. fig. 1) iof 00 0. O a o ORIS. ee 206 NENNEN Hf Wi.,....... 5S in 207 EE 205 sw DE NN E ERR gracile, Z.f. et Wils.. ER Y” 205 a WYF Y EE — ae 203 pumilum, Hf. et Wils. (Tam. CLXXV. fig.7) 206 Wn LM E a EE 206 COIE BU ai de amas i. 39 Ivauchenus sublyratus, Cass. .......o.o..... i. 188 Jania, Lamour.. 1.310 uvieri, Dee, A A EE 310 micrarthrodia, Zamouf,.....««s «se 310 HWNN, ODd. ....... soe senna one Jeannerettia, H.f. et Harv. . ii. 295 ODAU. HF, EE ipee ee 295 Jervesia redolens, Roem: et Schult ii. 108 Aon YW ii. 62 Gas NO, AA We Ee ii. 79 MY con ii. 63 alo, H.f. (TAB. CXXXIV. A. e 66 Browna, MuelL...... : LEET 65 bibe S Y e E sn 64 exspititius, E. Meyer. es ene O capillaceus, H.C (TAB. CXXXIY. B) iaa DU cephalotes, HA. (a 2o o au 65 conmums, A. Mem e oes 67 effusus, B seen aa MI falcatus, E Meyer bins Me da Pe ae 64 Gui, AA i ul. curre 67 a EN Ca ein os 95 WS, LO ML 66 Pere Br Hn , 96 E A Ee 67 mM veh v S E 64 WDD DE LI A ii an 64 aibi LS o a 65 us SS Lu Y ck eR 68 INDEX. 401 Jungermannia abbreviata, Tayl. NA ii. 229 austrigena, H.f. et Tayl................ 226 cinerascens, Lehm. et Ldbg. ............ 229 colorata, Lehm. et Ldbg 222 cymbalifera, H.f. et Tayl. .............. 228 dennfolia, Hook, 2.51 u TI as 233 denista, Baldi 2 e aba 222 diplophylla, H.f. et Tayl. .............. 230 domestica, Gotiche . .... .... nial. zu. 233 eleneuia, Hook. uS 203 Metrosideros corifolia, Vent. iis a ang t i. 130 saligna, Sm. ........ 131 pridulora, Sumi......-- 9508 SG E PUR 131 Meu CD, Bll... ... ene pin e na ii. 239 WM, LG RH a cs 240 “NON sn 3 Sega A AN 239 eit. ee FOR i. 341 BIN ME y A vun ent dis 342 a ee ss en i. 351, 358 MM BE e ii. 371 tetragona, Hr (TAB. C. B.).. gees 1.368 WAGON, AED... do ea css e 353, 355 0000. 88. e hc cs «dos tie li. 104 Ganu, HF (LE CDY M4) on 105, 374 Sod, Dr- en nies. AA ues i. 281 a e V a 281 gracilis, Dt... ,........ ei A. 281 FERE A ae AA 281 5L 406 INDEX. Page ee Kass 288 Saxifraga, HE .......... 159, ii. 803 HON, DUM 64 55 RG i. 226 Fonten, Hf. (TAB, BXVL)....22::9v.3 220 e E 226 A WR ii. 24 arenaria, Zindl. (Tas. CXVIII. I 24 frutetorum, Schlecht. .... ER 24 MW, DET Gerz 24 edis BE Vol us NEL BR din 25 PEE Du lr SA SERE 24, ii. 372 Msilichhoferis Hon... ce aso iy ii. 189 Eckloni, Hornsch 189 MW EE id. o ee ii. 61 eordi e RE EE OES i. 125 E y e ii. 62 Gen, EE E es 61 MAMOG, CSS... A CNRS 1.209 myosotidifolia, Steetz.....2..in sun 209 poner: DEL. IV eoe race u 209 ENDE E a as Ea oce i. 289 e an RER y 290 Mitrasacme, Ne ek, EEN 1. 273 NN Eege Een li. 368 distylis, Muell. (TAB. LXXXVIII. B.).... i. 274 wc BS o o EE 274 montana, Hf. (TAB. LXXXVIII. C.) . 274 paradoxa, Br. (TAB. LXXXVIII. 4.) . 274 DEW E o ser eR EN 274 INM AS deo S hen 274 Mi NA dd ii. 266 TEE DAR- acs i Se 266 Mala Me sn n. 273 Vlll, DEL A EE 273 Mniarum biflorum, Forst... 0006.0 cesi i. 42 GA, Be -o E E 42 ne E TE 42 NEED ANM o nS er ates ii. 187 Plumula, ped (Tas. CLXXIII. fig. 7).. 187 Monermos Lawrencii, HE ii i. 926 PRI a NWN oves i. 11 MRO, A dd i. 252 mMapetniolia, Br, «9. 23 ST AI aaa 252 ww E E aa 252 BM i. 144 Mans, oi 4s na 144 lamprosperma, Chamisso .............. 144 ax OU... se EE li. 272 WR VERS PP A DR 272 men A ia soli. B8 cervinoleucus, Berk. M s v Y ib . 282 : Page Muehlenbeckia, AÂ/e68m................««..s hi 307 Ue ‚Meiste... an Se E E EA 309 Muhlenbergia rara, Nees . ni JAR FEN INE en 112 A cn ii. 160 OL ws ATP ri ii. 323 carnosa, H.f. et ¿e BOO disticha, Harv. ms 'CXCII. P Ae . 888 II NG AF. een 323 membranacea, Hf. et Haro. ..--........ 323 E EE 323 A ——— D ii. 277 A DNE Ve Ae EN EE 277 WON Rr AG TERM IA ee 1. 286 MWD DIEBE Bene 1.286 elp nn BEE EE aS 287 A Ly A ce | BANT en 287 E 237 OPTA DET... ansa ad OR ISOC Bi ae ne i. 278 Zus Bea a 279 MW a O 279 Myriodesma, Due. 286 integrifolium, Hire: (Tan. CLXXXVL = 236 ww GN EE i. 194 minuta, Less. 194 A A eor er ve ii. 293 Leclancherii, TR N ON 292 MENS AA oe i, 121 ee I 9 qnn ng 122 elatinoides, Gaud. . 121 integrifolium, Hf. (Tas. XXIII. 4) ee EE pedunculatum, Hr (TAB. XXIII. B.) .... 122 simplicifolium, F. Muell. .............. 123 varpetolum Bf en 122, ii. 362 verboallatim, Bes o u 362 Mwn Ee ENEE EE E i. 126 Appel Aroleri << oa E NN. Y AS 1.190 calyceroides, Cass. en XLVIII, 4. Ce 190 Nastan, Be .. 2. 2... ee TUNE AE nn 21 semipinnatifidum, Hook... ............ s. 21 DEN NA Y Ep tS 21 Nes, D NE — . eee cuore ii. 204 Agmenódonte, G: Muel ........ e 204 pennata, HN 5s we ONE by IG nts 204 9.949 9,9 9 E * 6 » B 9 AR x M Me EN ditis D a E 278 fusarioides, Berk, EE uses: 279 Tum, Berk... EE 279 tephrothele, Berk. ii 271 Nemastoma, J. Ag. ..... eng ìi. 327 densa; Jae. i aa 200 UE 328 Feredaye, Harv. (Tas. CROV A). e 327 Nella Australis; Ba un ii. 15 Nepluodium, Br: a een ee, ii. 148 decompositum, Br e 149 Nephroma, Ach. .. ìi. 345 australe, 4 345 cellulosum, Ach. (Tas. CXCIX. al " ESA 345 pallens ?, Ny E aie 345 Nereia, Zanard. ii. 289 australis, es (Tas. CLXXXVIIL) 289 NUN A ea i. 167 depressa, Bi êl 8... "AC 167 repens, Ruiz et Pavon... EE 168 Nitella, o... sr a ii. 160 diffusa, A. Braut "A Lv 160 gelatinosa, 4. BW; “iN ss 160 gloostachys, A: Brass... or acy 160 Gunnii, 4. Bra u rou u; 160 Hookeri, 4. Braun 160 penioliesta, â: DEI A is 160 Nitophythun, UE A ro ii. 312 affine, Harv. ..... ÓN 312 enspum, Katz. .......: O A 812 i L> EI. oo E multinerve, H€ et Haro. .............. 818 multipartitum, Hf. e£ Harv...... ei 312 ri A a 312 O ATA A 312 dE, A nenn 11. 315 australis, Sond. A Sors 315 INDIANER pascit A Dien ii. 245 SNostochiis...15.. Br ii. 343 NOVI, Veit... a CASTEL i. 268 Innmimma, Fl. o YU E 268 Noten, Bau. d Hae. i a ii. 287 anomaia, Bus, & Harn. vy CN 287 Nothogenia ? flabellatum `... ii. 316 Obione Billardieri, Mog Land. .—..— 6 i. 315 OURO, E A een EEN ii. 363 UAWN, FR GG i ii. 263 Page Octaviania Archeri, Berk. ii. 263 lie Mi as I d ii. 257 A AA 0 eet (Edogonium, DB E ida ii. 349 incida. E vd . 118 Tasmanica, Mf... 119 sb dinis, A AS 1.175 pélpopippa, DO... iii 176, 228 physice, A E et; dO Welweate; DOL... VEER 175 E A i, 268 Omalia, Brid. ee ii. 204 falcifolia, H, " 4 Wi i Ys eB Un 205 Omphacomeria psilotoides, 4. DC. ..........ii.871 DAMNUM a 6 GEE wa 9 Y pv aA i. 115 COOL T, TT uo oves ii. 143 Operenliria, A. Riberi irs ueo HOC As i. 166 ovata, Hr nu yfo TT ie 166 vns; R^... ore 0] Sn O ii. 153 Gn BA S ia 153 vulgatum, Z. (TAB. CLXIX. 4.) ........ 153 ÁN TO I ee ii. 1 A a ne li. 93 distichus, Muell sin M PR EJE A YS YN uyd og 94 TPüsgbho, Bri. ei A E 94 AS NADU i. 161 TE HE i sd AA 162 aa aed ig HE rn KE 162 enda, HE. iu YN cod s ¡108 erìopoda, Mi. us nn 162 Serios, HS... er 162 Ortes, Bo. cs. zn mei. i 325 DEA, KE, o O E 326 GWNIO, DR oP. Ae rf. 326 DRREUS BEER: A YU oy 326 Sa D LD OA 326 Orthodontium, ScAvegr...,............... ii. 188 nL fost ah E e 188 Orthotricum, Hedw........... WR y oo ii. 184 GW Hale. Y Y Re 184. Lawrencii, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIII. fig. 5) 184 EC. MURR YG a ys 184 . Tasmanicum, Hf. et Wils... .... EAR 184 o As Kress bes Y cc ii. 343 Sr. EE EE EE TT ER ii. 342 Osmunda pe Di l4 vs E ii. 153 onn Fab VELAT ea a 154 DNE CUN ee een i. 295 408 INDEX. Page CAS mtegnifolia, Br- oo. N i. 295 NNI Y NN E 1. 58 RE na U 1.58 e A 59 AA de N 59 A A EE EE 59 A A mE ERES 59 miorophylla, Poiret NNN i 59 MN RO O 59 EEE A O EE 59 Oxylobium, dr . i. 80 MODEL usse yen Sot wow iR 81 ellipticum, Br 81 Ozothamnus, Br.. 1. 200 Ee Ef O A AS 203 Backhousii, Hr (Tan. LIV. B. — 204 bracteolatus, Hf. .. Peg DOR cinereus, Br... ad — 909 eriezefolius, Hr (fis LVII. B).. Ak ed 204 BONUS it. ee cs ers rod ubl 206 EE EEN 205 Hookeri, Sond. (TAB. LV. B. er 201 RE AR 204 ne a ILES S een vs ovis 201 lycopodioides, Hr (TAB. LVII. 4.)...... 201 obcordatus, DC. (Tas. LV. 4.) ........ 202 A, ER A 202 rosmarinifolius, Br. (TAB. LIV. 4.)...... 205 scutellifolius, Hr (Tas. LVI. Aj- 202 selaginoides, Sond. et Muell. (TaB. LVI. B) 201 thyrsoideus, DO. 205 EEE O WY EE See BENE A OR 203 Tito ne ess suec o 1.163 Gunnii, Hf. (Tas. XXXVII.) ....i.163, ii. 363 RR Din to nn E EE ii. 250 SIOCherinus, Ber... nn c cwis 950 Paquerina, nennen ee i. 188 graminea, Cass sew. 188, ii, 364 Mi ien Biest ESAU ii. 142 TONED; JONG N RE ook oss, i. 344 appendiculata; Webb .......2.......... 344 Sis, dad aa we. 344, ii. 371 Tiortions, Mia, au 2. oop: i. 344 o RF eese LAS vues. 344 squalida, BEN weg AN Ae — 944 IIA Sohnes ee Oe ii. 346 eg Se 347 chrysophthalma, dd reda ee ae E 348 yne hae Abrir rr EE 347 Parmelia enteromorpha, Ach. E. fulgens?, BE ann dm dE A Poors, DAD. kw... <= Se seen, AR A e Bigrooncis, Mont... 732 nn IET e EE PA 347 Te, A FL 349 parietina, Ach. 948 pesus debe coo velles ee EID 346 perlata, Tayl 346 pholidota, Mont. 348 physodes, Ach. . 347 placorodioides, Nyl. KE AE OO E FENCUIATA, Laylo << or A a dect ELE A CLERI 348 A AAA ee ER Ye NA vi scruposa, Fr... 349 BERGER, eM 349 Sphincirins, MOM .. 0.4.5 60 ont OS 348 spinosa, Tayl. .. : .. B48 splachnirima, Tey Ge CXCIX. C. a .. 348 subfusca, Ach. .. 5949 sulcata, Tayl.. 347 EON, ayh aoa EET EE 347 Mtas, Tayl. -.... cains rn a 347 A A EE 347 Eelere AA EE YH 348 Parmeliacez...... ii. 343 ee 11.276 Tasmanica, Berk. 276 Ee AS ii. 33 glauca, Br. 34 lotigiscapa, Socal aims e y ce a 373 VPE, Un EE SH d el EE DT Acugnaticum, Pel. E 58, ii, 358 a ER 57, ii. 358 GWNFOG, JU. an nenn ee 57 olandentinum, Li. Hé. = rr... q... s 58 AIN, HE. a en TA i. 58 Wrath, Lil a A 57 Pellea falcata, Fee . A E .ii. 139 Pelonastes REN pr E ER i. 123 Mes Mell, eer ds A 123 E A A Y eS ii. 344 MN VAR == Ebe Dn A 345 Ninos, PA nenn sedi 344 A A en 344 INDEX. 409 Pago Pentdchondra, Bre. e esc 229), £220] ee i. 254 ericeefolia, f. (TAB. LXXVII. 4.)...... 255 involucrata, Br. Akt MU 255, 11. 365 mucronata, HA: EE EL 51 O AAA le b5 verticillata, H, f. (Tas. LXXVII. B. ) ss Wë Pemtapogon, Br. (10:12 0000 24 A ii. 112 Billardiri, Br. sous aus na e, dii 112 Perandra Tasmanica, HL... i. 242 Penshenn, eu 6 e Au A A YD n. 269 i circa & 269 Porntityn, Quid: won cser: ccr dd WYF i. 242 Tasmanica, Hr (Tas. LXXIII. B.) 949 Porsbonié; A ans, i. 320 Bui HE e A A EPA A 321, ii. 369 HT ss i. 321 Petalolepis ferruginea, Cass. i. 206 fosmarinifolia, Cass. .............«. ve. 205 Petroselinum prostratum, DC. . 1.161 Peyssonnelia, Due. . ii. 314 TTT SB 314 orbicularis, Kütt. -......... € V ey 314 MT, PAGS oe ew ec veo cir ui alia 314 Pésisza, Dill.- ....... iere ev ca ai vv NG ii. 273 Web Pere: -ococeceae cess cite diiit 275 araheosa, Berk. ei cca ss cr A exh 275 dreheri; Berk: <<< Foc DA WA Saran, Pi e ie rennen EE 273 Uyssigena, Ber... e sine OD 275 carbonigena, Berk........ Pre Duis NN 274 cerabuon Dee ccoo EE 275 amava, Belek, : «ences cee u ayn Uu 276 Gira, Dalerh.<: veo vd 238 Podosperma pedunculare, Reich. i 197 Péllezfenià, Haro: ¿ES AS ìi. 295 pedicellata, Haro. sesse Eer 490 e TT 295 Polysolis, LE... cyi Pi rt FU AA ii. 272 Waigaris, DE. ¿AA EE 272 Polycalia, J, Ap. AAA A ü. 324 fastigiata, Harv. (TAB. CXCII. B.) ...... 324 Polygalin UA ee VD Sie 1.31 wi e i. 305 Polbobuin, Lu... enir e i. 306 Ge, eh, vs EIS 308 DONE, Bt: 4Y << 306 enen. oda Md y Lv BOB P Polygonum minus, Huds. ..... ATA i. 306 prostratum, Br..,,,,,,,,..., ive STS 307 POR AA), ALGAS 306 pd RA IS UU 307 ? strigosum, Meisn. en. 307 subsessile, Br. ......... Ke hh a ig i 306 Polyotus, Code dod Gees ii. 234 brachycladus, Zayl. (TAB. CLXXX. fig. ie 234 cb Mb aa ell AE 234 Magellanicus, Lam. ........ Ud 234 Polyphacum, S| A E ìi. 295 dicholomin, J. Ae... GW UI 295 outs, Hare. ............. MU LSU 295 Polipodius, P AA yw ii. 149 Gnd. Bo 2... vd wwe 150 ru "EMI uc vela VAS 149 villoso-viscidum, RW ae A AE 149 wd o A ee 149 E A AO dese ii. 117 smitáns, MA. ii 117 DEA EE E A 117 Polypompholyx, Lehm... .................. 1.800 mer YE o 300 CO ii ee ii. 251 CRUE Dark... YS UDD 253 apricus, Berk. NU AL 254 Ath DE es 255 PIPERIS FY... A UU datos 253 brunneo-leucus, Berk. ................ ii. 254 campylus, Berk. (Tas. CLXXXIL fig. 6).. 252 GuuEDEnIS 2Y... .... UU y 254 ——— Bok.. c ÂN 255 UN Y i. 86 deniate, Za)... . . os s> ss 650 ST Diemenica, fures 3222 ca aiti e anie i. diffusa, Hr CR "Ha: rox diode 91, ii. 360 ericoides, Vent. . / NR KEE 88 fasciculata, Bth. . ep nen ee 92 Gunnii, Bth. (Tas. XIIL).. PT PA 88 Minou. HE ...... dass 89, ii. ‚860 ET ZN i. 91 a OS .. ss ss oe ^> degies 90, ii ‘360 mollis, Lindi ssop +> dons pee aes 360 obcordata, Andr.... i. 86 a Hook, A RN 91 eL GE ER 88, ii. 360 Ue. Mull: 3 von A i. 89 ne Kae EEE 89 re 87 sinc, DE LEA ol 86 Ee 87 villosa, Andr... AA rei 83 pu. EMI EE osi. i. 199 Preissii, Sond. (TAB. LIII. B.).......... 199 Pyrenopsis, Nyl. ii. 353 Tasmanica, Nyl. (Tas. CC. 3n ao `" Pyrethrum diversifolium, Grah. ............ i. 187 Racomitrium, Brid............ FF ———— hel erspulum, HJ. e£ Fut... ise aan 181 fasciculare, var, Hf. et Wis. ........... 181 belecetbum. Halb... ner AES ti 182 lannginosum, Hed. ........ A. yv 182 symphyodon, C. Muell. (TAB. CLXXIII. 4) 181 Mesopitum, P. Deano. eds ne Mea y ii. 218 cn. BTS a uela 218 cristatum, Huf. et Wils................. 218 scirem, ©. Muell. oo ce ee vk ss 218 WNA, O. Ml, .. vao wave 219 A 7 ' X hh Ee ii. 235 aneurismalis, H.f. e£ Tayl............... 935 buses, HE el Tayl. ........ vs. .«« BBS Nove-Hollandie, Hampe .............. 235 physoloba, Mont. ............;....... 235 5N 414 INDEX. Page A A A ii. 344 RE, FP. ii DE e A M owiha A dd 344 DUI en ii Ps TN ETE 844. ee A i xs WE ee 1.1 q PP A REN 1.5 squallis, Lo I 5 WW 5. P oso A 6 rt E A PESO. AI 6 ce Y Wy 8,ii. 355 A 9, ii. 355 DUDEN, ROM, LLLI LIEN MESS i. 5 (ouis 9 "P ET ERAT CM E RT. 6 inconspieuus, Er, acc. . 8, ii. 355 MW Qoi Aë 8, ii. 355 MN DNE. E EE, i.6 Bus Hook. 5... i uc 10 BEN O a a N 7, ii. 355 uper, Hook: uses EE i. 10 pimpinellifolius, Hook 6 olus Dunn ie eet S n. 355 ZEND O evi arii 10, ii. 355 BER... eco 355 scapigerus, var., Hook. (Tas. II 4.) 7,11. 355 rt A EE ES 9, ii. 855 me MM ss bigis: i. 206 catipes, Af. (Tas. LVIII, 4.).......... 206 Reboulia, . CS Ee SE BW IU ii. 241 hemisphserica, Raddi NN Au 241 un NS ————— y ii. 70 australis, Br. ..... UA EORR COURT RS 71 SERENA. Forces. sr 73 complanatus, DEE a SA ely wee TI gracilis, Be. y. nn wien 71 es igs ee E. 75 monocephalus, Br. (TAB. CXXXV. 4. J: 70 A 71 PORO ve? Dd ai ii. 70 ADIO, A... ..... oes, vaya, ii. 321 SOCIA: Haro, si Y GN 321 ¿Ss ge o 327 nigrescens, Hf. et Harv. .............. 321 BONN, I. Ag een Wr YO 297 ? verticillata, Dags... 322 Rd dy. ee i. 312 baccata, Mog. Tand. ............... sv 313 AU d oM E ND 312 cngeia, Moo, Tad, e un, 312 MIR BR sn cn TW 312 me e E EE AE i. 69 — ii. 272 Page Rhinotrichum microsporum, Bert". ii. 272 muogoniam, Bru, yy id Cd uus a... 215 LL NE. eese iss ictus 3 215 DAS cs A 215 SËNN EE en AE va ws cee 216 TEE al 216 Mossmanianum, C. Muell. .............. 216 A Y FN 215 Nove-Hollandize, Brid................. 215 spindorme, Med... Si Orie UM subbasilare, Schimp. .................. 916 Rhodocallis elegans, Kütz. ................ ii. 331 Rhodocladia Lamberti, Sond. .............. ii. 324 Rhodomela, ran a AR ii. 296 PUROS Bond. 12011 Sr 296 simpliciuscula, Harv... .... 2.22.00. 00s 296 nn Y es ii. 294 SOUS a Ae Killer vy ANY ur ii. 318 —— 318 membranacea, Hare... .. VE 318 multipartita; Hare, 0.4.6.0 aes 318 Rhodoplezia Preissii, Hate... ii. 330 a o AP ìi. 294 Hitodymenin,: Gro. nee ii. 319 CONE, GFO oa e 319 CINE occ A 319 Jimbriata, H.f. eb Hee... cis 318 nr Hatv. A 318 phyllophora, HA et Hart............... 319 polymorpha, Hares uw a 319 bc iem Le T TEES LU ii. 317 Rhynehostemon Tasmanicus, Muell. ........ ii. 358 Rhytidisporum ETE Fe Mud; o. os i. 39 Stuartianum, F. Muell. ................ 39 Tas DEN ii. 346 hörbacen P, DI Nol u cv di Le KG: 346 Riccia cochleata, H.f, et Seed ic ii. 240 Eb AA ies ign es devel. ans i. 266 dracophylla, Br... .......... 267, ii. 366 PM, Ls Re N i. 197 Gunnii, H f. (Tas. LXXXVI. Jer 267 pandanifolia, Hf. (T. LXXXIV. , LXXXV) 266 aw een a EE 267, ii. 367 Rieinocarpus, Desf. erg P SA, Ve y 1.338 FRIOG, INP Yd 338 sideformis, Muell. ........... CH Cat 338 SENE SW v.n A ad 1.371 SIS, ES ee ii. 342 en ee em tuberiformis, Eng. Bot. ................ e von E oe i. 59, ii. = Pago * Ropera Billardieri, 4. Zug... i. 60 tios, ZE ee ee 60 ne DEE SP A A wle sees 1,338 I FDO MA 1.112 "— Ca du d uda Y ee LD MES 1.164 NN ES o IG uu sx oia i119 Gutitius Bok. ose cu ON 112 macropodus, Seringe 2. 2 cn, 112 dett over rr A ee 112 EE E ee, AA 1. 305 — Mi ATA AA ue 305 DOV DM... suo Vn E 305 Jura, DE. 2: ciu eit vio 305 TIA NU” 806 Wn ee sank aw ìi. 42 SUPE, DIE. e ee weg 44 manti, ee ee c. dede visis ad 42 eee ie ee ìi. 248 HEURE ML ie ss A A 248 GUI a STE i. 60 cs 1. 298 australasica, Harv 0 298 australis, End], ¿a tege 298 simplicifolia, Haro... cid 298 Salicornia, Z. . er Pe S16 Arbuscula, >; ere eee SE; er 810 OU dt AA 317 us o i. 164 Gentichindiana, DO, .:.. 0E au 164 geen Sat, EE EE i. 300 is AV A vec 301 A a dd ba 1. 335 OM ba i. 54 Sarcogonum appressum, Sweet .............. i. 308 DIEM, Corda ve ii. 239 RES Millar. O A 240 alternilobum, Mitten .................. 239 GOG, II. ebe 240 crassum, MORI E, . 240 ériocaulum, Mitten. i. Iv Fy 240 iralifidum, Mitten... ua LEA s 240 palmatum, Mitten ...... 240 Ve ASIN ¿nh PU 239 Pinnatifidum, Mitten ci 240 at e Rate. u. rat 1. 286 Prstorüum, Zak... A essen; 286 piat ds A adn ii. 282 ee a io y sv vvv Nx ve 282 capillaceum, H.f. et Harv.........2.2.... 282 PURO is PENA 282 Page Sargassum Raoulü, Hr e£ Harv. .......... ii. 282 Bag, ege, O A degt ii. 283 A GONO iien ae 283 he ee E i. 230 Hookeri, Muell. e LXXVII. : | OSs 41.260881 Scalia jaceoides, Hk. ? (59. vv do DOD Scandix pectinata, T (ics sa v PN AM ad i.161 Scapania, Ldbg. ....... ER E ee ìi. 233 QUIE, 2/98 YF E 2 OUR, Mikas... os os A nt 233 UF, Mont.. yi LG sag c 229 GOF OB, "De, e all A 233 Schistidium Drummondii, Layk oce «Cwn ii. 179 BENED, es 1 a s +e ii. 159 WAN, GWL, iii CAF AN us 152, 375 Nee NER 152, 375 Peeters, Labi CCR NN Y NU 152, 375 Schizhymenium bryoides, Harv. ..........., ii. 189 Schizophyllum, Ff................. A oed ii. 251 Ser eT eee E ary 251 Scheenodorus lia, Nees i2... sw. 138 Wane, Pul. eme, E is oe cc 128 Schonodum simplex, Kth................... ii. 73 i FT ic 13 SIUE, Dm .. 11,80 WON, TS. oe s ss Eb Sd 96 FRE DEED be 96 fluitans, H, f. (Lia. CALL Bo- duu 81 "tll, DONE iA i CMS nia ii. 317 Niceta AP A u 317 A A O ii. 89 EE ends 86 lustris MR avo s ont d 374 nmi, I... ua wiere Ae : 89 odos, Boltb. oi 87 POA, BORD. y... EE we Deg 87 Weste Hs E MEL Fd 88 CUE, Qu ds ND ECH ne A SEN e Yn biflorus, Hf... .. e cK 49, ii. "s ONE UL sivo. rece viret 5 fascieulatus, Hf... ‘ 1. 42, ii. 358 DENEN FL A y 1. 206 GW a WW uva 266 PUNA AP i ii vs ds i. 195 FEMME GE ros IA eei 195 Scorzonera scapigera, Forst., . 1.9296 PRODURRE EE 1. 289 Bear, b...is.. rare i. 282 A A E 283 BIS OO EA TOR rx Vus ìi. 283 416 INDEX. Page Scyothalia dorycarpa, Grêv................. 1. 283 d lomentarium, J. Ae... 63's). 2 ii. 296 e coe geren Hk i. 270 Nt. SUL ees eaa NN ii. 867 ovata, Br. . IST au. ul 970 Seirococcus, E is cada reese ii. 283 aue Bw. Loses essc s ate 334.3. 988 NEU DEMO, E ERA ii. 158 Pian, DA] ...... nl: ticas 315 DNE NE sn nn SRD MBH 158 RA REN i. 231 TOO, ger 231 repens, De Vriese ..:.1..... $881 Senecio, L. .... ia eer rr on ow dM MR NER argutus, A. Bich, M a cee ŴR eno 219 A EE DS PRÉ 223 capillifolius, = V (Lan. LXIV. 43. ui 222 darusiesies, DO. uE an 221 GAU US, A. B... ee 221 A EAE 223 Georgians, DO suis au 224 SENA il en 220 edv. IM EEE A, Spy 221 leptocarpus, DC. (Tas. LXIV. B.) ...... 222 myosotidifolius, Bth. ................. 209 GG. A. RR ON 221 odoratus, Hornem..... 6... seo. mis 4.22351 998 SAS, ALU A 345. suse 928 a EE E ìi. 365 pe tus, DC. vix. aos 929 pinnatifolius, A.R. ............ vá 221 prenanihoides, AB. occ i: 918 primuleefolius, Muell... ................ ii. 365 quadridentatus, Lab. ................. ..k 219 Te, A uS 221 Senecio spathulatus, 4. R. ................ i. 222 MEM SM E s 219 TEENS Ge... SE 222 Sendtnera, A oe un. 234 Samoa, E =: i inso 234 PEDEM EN o S LL S EE 234 Spend HE V. us vec 984 Sheffieldia incana, Lab. ooo 1.301 ce NG... LL x cb re 301 HEN L.S SS S. Se A NR. GS 1, 142 angulatus, Z.. a A 143 a End. ... a ris 143 dee EE 143 Sida discolor, Hk. ........ en ah 1.50 E — .—.— E 49. e . s 49 Page o I TT eo ips ìi. 337 + Wu uu Y ANN E EE 1.198 tieng if. d LII) —— BB ernrohrit, Muell Hee RS RI 198 ed ECL ELLE ee er ERO ìi. 48 nee 1.287 20 oso ee EE EE i. 287 RA Mo ra en i. 288, ii. 369 Sing SE ias o S CIA i. 288 in, 288 ee uni, i” Seer unis i. 190 Cs ARPA ii. 316 MEE DONE o aaa 316 NENNEN LS AV S e ——— 1. 227 oni. a rs e E 227 JOE WANTON earn ee 227 Piper pula waaa, Lab... een aida i. 45 MD“ aro TU 1.41 rubra, 4. St. Hil 41 deco A A T 41 25 lu 47. NE p ii. 293 callitricha, Ag. . . 332 au FI AF sono Sin ” 293 a eae. ooa ndi 293 DEUM EUR eeu eee yer xx ii. 280 els di Wolle RTT UE EE DU 280 Lax iso E eegene 280 DEAE DIL, eio rr ne Ram 281 E ONT NIUIK IS TEC QUU DEE 280 JEUDI, Pati. u een 280 SL. Yn oo QUOCUM He 278 Sagbinetu, Mont. el Dur, ..... sh 280 MW G.M 278 Spheerobolus, Tode . AR ii. 269 stellatus, T teen’. —— 269 fiphsrococepidum os» come atu 1.311 Spherococcus australis, Harv.. = ii. 324 torem, Dory «sun. de AAA aide 319 A eam Re ac etait 222 A A O catis i. 84 WN LAD. a EE 84 E O ur 84 O A ROL, en ih ii. 269 HON A o re a 270 ei EE ii. 352 DUNS DIE Lo ADU EGYR 352 a E PP d LU 352 A A 06 352 MONE `. se TAS 352 AW e a E id 352 INDEX. 417 Pago "hamum 3 —— s pn De ii. 162 stade, Mitten PRETI E 162 compsqium, Brid; na PE ir 162 compactum, var., H.f. et Wils. .......... 162 confertum, Mitten ....... E 163 codontoam, AO E E 162 cymbifolioides, C. Muell. .............. 163 cymbifolium, e T PITE ee 162 llicalum, Millen. .. ara 163 obtusifolium, H. i e Tel. sos vd uy 162 o. E. Land er ona 43» O Ee ii. 106 irsutus " ¿AA ga 106 Oii: Nri ose eer rane e d ii. 15 ute, DAR, un (va den Kä 15 Nove-Zelandie, a E GE sd AAA 15 Splachnidium, Gres. .............. bd BEE a DECK ren A 286 NON AAA sitet 1. 198 callophyllum, C. Muell.......... ovecvew 198 Geni, H.J. eb Wi. s ask un 199 Octoblepharum, HA..........€&x» oe ot 198 Spongoconium conspicuum, Sond. ............ ii, 335 SPOLOCHTRCERB . . sess e vd EEN ii, 287 Sporochnus, 49. .. in ..ii, 287 apodus, Harv. d 287 COMOSUS, Age AAA ii ER MON 287 Hereuleus, $. Mg... Ue vimos 287 O EE AA en 287 Sprengelia, Si... aus i. 264, ii. 366 incartiate, Mis AA i. 264, ii. 366 nella TEA ER ge i. 264 ENEE nenn i. 265, ii. 366 WW MA nn Se. i. 264, ii. 366 CERIN LIO, «re ERR EA ii. 327 MWD, eg E, Sigg 329 filamentosa, var., emp CUTE Vs AAA 309 £ pellucida, Hate, AN Vu «es PUT y 334 Tasmanica, Tats, A — 309 TIPICO E nn 3d VÀ ae ìi. 329 Spyridium eriocephalum, Fenzl ............ i. 72 ws Fm ii. 314 Stackhousia, $m. -ce tere. y NN EE i. 78, ii. 359 aspericocca, Schuck ee s cp 360 etia, As OU. a NL i. 79, ii. 859 MEP si ero OVES SOLA i. 80, ii. 359 Gunni, Has ressa revire s i. 79, ii. 359 Huegelii, Endl............ di pad. E 360 macalaia, Sieb ac. i vv en i. 79, ii. m SOHO M, A YA Ee 8 monogyna, Lab. : .1. 79, ii. 359, 540 Muelleri, abi, en VOL. II, Pago Stackhousia obtusa, Lindl. ........ i. 79, ii. 359, 360 u ub A, AR a LOU ds 360 ONIS O omms 359 pac apea sop ard PETE PE i 1. 78 Mu di NC ea ae. i. 301 Au B Lees. ——— 301 Steetzia, Lehm. ..... VA A a 238 CITI, deg ¿a 238 pusdos, EJ. TL ........ os vce 238 A deni BE, CRT — ii. 144 CIN BEI in eoe. eus ciue M oe 143 DUM, Jr. yW dyn i e CHR 142 (ENSE NA 143 TEM, DE GOL. I deese. v a 142 new E ann 141 IO eege n con tid 142 MON B M ees iC oca S i. 43 e, Am dd, HE. S.W AN 44 OSA, DE e Ee 44 seen Hi, cai ida 43 glanis; Will... Ve ern isa bh NN LEBER 43 e WN wn vp os 43 JONES hoc ochre EE EE ae 44 un E Ae A - 44 MEWN, MAA dh Ictus Cr 44 NU A aaa. ii. 268 i HN, FE ne 268 LLM. HF E NO 268 ee Eege 268 MA, A em. rv 1, 244 y SE NN i. 244, ii. 365 Sienngycnnmo, Hare. iv a von ii. 319 Californica, Harv. .... e 319 interrupta, Mont 319 Stonopetalam, Dr . . ENEE . i.21 gratulatorum, F. Muell. ? poo NE Mee BL ui. eer E 22 A a Ad a 22 ae: a EE Ee ii. 349 DE D. a EE cai ro 349 GOMER, TIO ie 349 ` leen EA ¿ces 349 A A A 349 Stereodon acicularis, Mitten................ ii. 211 quede MO an ree 212 CF, MOS sun, nn ana 213 ehrysogaster, C. Muell. ................ » 212 cochleargfolias, Mitten -................ 211 e adu cag pape tein CEP EA CETERAE 212 | a DIN voee Y 212 50 418 .e.o * 5» » 9 9 9 9 9 o^» 5 9 os 9 zs 9 » ^ ? 9 B» 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 » 9 9 se 9 9 9 5 ss » 9 ? 5 » 9 9 à 5» ao, » 9.949 SD“. ROD, £8 VE ES sg 9 9 9 9 9 8 o9 9 9 9 ^ » 9 * 2 9 ..... ... zw VRR 9» O O O. "WP (4 * 4979 nU O gës KS 6 6 ege AE 98 ws. AE E A RR ŵ A CORR O 4 & V 99-7244. Sg "et € * RE E O ND A SO à. 9 «JN EEE FE sea (DOWN E 9 a 9 a & 6 Ub v » BY ODS UO WA W WIN A € 0 € A € 9 QD 34 EEE O o. o 9 NM ao A a NEE TE 999v» v V» I ER ~ es, € 4 a A en eb E RD weU qu e setacea, Br, (Tas. CLVII. SŴ hau Streptopogon mnioides, Mitten Strongylosperma australis, Less, A 0 6 66 6 sess . INDEX. Page A du A EH 1. 234 A A lech 235 et DR. nn A EE 235 pranndobum, Bp 7.12 2. „3 lag 235 Wedalum, Br, XL ET 235 us. MD — un 235 pepunilum, ER... Y. AA ara 235 O, DAD. Ll ss O, us 235 Styloncerus multiflorus, Nees `... i. 199 an E aida ii. 55 O or rr E 55 A A D E 55 A A ae ach 1, 243 "ei" SE EES 247 MERE E LV S m 248 BEN JA IV shes EEN, vns 250, 251 daphnoides, Sm 248 BENE NE uu V een Ro as 250 PEN EB iL. LL... eL. D ealed ed 252 gnidium, Vent 249 A CT nn wi ies 246 paroflora, Andr.. nt. wien cs 249 SSA EE RADÉ 244 MUN DANC a cand 249 serrulata, Lab 253 Dum sae E TUE RE ea 247 A A dios asc 250 a un Db hh eese rn —— 249 Stypocaulon hordeaceum, Kiitz............... ii. 293 II Kis. o ees 293 BENE a e 293 I cara si i. 315 HEN A, ay s aen 316 Swainsonia, Salisb. . 1. 100, ii. 361 INNEN DU Lue veo ees i.100 ammerdammia Antennaria, DC. i. 208 Swertia parnassifolia, Lab. i. 272 Beetebuerg Mom: o oot ii. 166 A LU EE 166 Symphogyna, Mont. et Nêes................ ii. 238 MM“ en 238 Lehmanniana, Mont. et Nees............ 239 GON, O E, ¡AS A a 239 PM OE PA OP M 239 Partials, ONAT. sl EY en 239 AM BJ Ni Th 9... eC ene 239 Symphyomera Filicula, H.£.......2222.2.... i. 194 Syntrichia princeps, De Not..... en; 1.175, 176 TONNEN AE o... o es ii. 241 241 hypophylla, Z e EEE Re DU DO “UU WU O a INDEX, 419 Page Targionia Michelii, Corda ii. 941 Todi SF AS i. 10 aromatica, Br. dong Basen 11 Taxanthema air, De: O IP 1, 301 A a E oa cae de 1, 327 nu. EE EE 327 Tar HN ann a a 1. 150 Teman EE . 150 Tetragonella implezicoma, Mig. ............ i. 148 SEM PRE E ES E EA i. 147 canda, Genim ii Y yu EARS 147 We AE E a 147 halinifolia, Forst. $445 6640 rs |, implexicoma, Hy... Ig. RES 148, ii, 362 fas, ES i i. 147 fum ke ii. 103 nn FD EE 104 we FU aa lS uc 104 deüchophylla, Br... ( UN Thalamia aspleniifolia, Bee. EE me 1. 359 SANG HON AN, ìi. 206 Samunocarpus, Hors. 325 2:5 va (ywi came ii. 331 Gunnianus, Harv. . p e hae SC eee eee ? Laurencia, H.f, ta Vins pa ae ck a. Mae Hare. iiss so sens ce 331 ? Thamnoclonium, Kitz... ........... vsu. BI hyentum, ASA... .. a. Y 295 Theleophyton Billardieri, Mog. Tand......... i. 315 Slbephoe Fr. CECR . 258 Archeri, Berk. (Tag. CLXXXIII. fig. 2) .. 258 hi Oba, DL en see ooo Ms UR 260 Kp. DE. ci ne ; 258 RN Jv. Loue O oo eee a 258 p oes IUE 4 u 258 O saco Vlr ed 258 y OR cas wes boi es OR aA ehe ii. 849 lepadinum, Ach......... seen 349 dhelymitra, Moral, oer otro SW ii. 8, 371 P Thelymitra angustifolia, Br., . — i5 antennifera, Hr (Tas. CI. d sh «4 aves 4 dw Ld. oi AA 5 Mudo TIROL 2... lies mag. sum 5 carnea, Br. (TAB, CII, B) ..,......... 5 MM, Lll diu. c vas A i 4 fone Bebe in io rn stia ect. cut 4 puse, EE neus 5 pus EE 5 FEMME u DR ss 6 ixioides, Sm. (Tas, UHL UE) iia e 6 pools, Lind. cc MW s. 6 Maoa. Bl... IL por 6 EL TAR, UILL A ora 5 Smithiana, Hr (Tas. CI. B.) ........ a 4 venosa, Br. (TAB. CIL 4) ........;... 4 COMMA, E. iiv. SIR 5 D mn as A en 1.337 CO D^ «sy ys snum 337 mr i labars zu... u. — een 337 ce i. 11 Te a L 28 TAMBIEN, Hook s.i: v seem... 23 Threlkeldia, FFY i. 315 GEM. o —— 315 (gwrw Ball... u... an i.127 mnoranthau Hf PA E E 138 BE: S M Ee i. 330 i: yman MA E O ii. 53 PSOE SF a 54 TW, Oe ee 1.145 BREED, ii ds 145 moluieia, HAE 02. Y DN O a MAS purpurmia, £f... en 145 A ias TU M uu 146 Verdun a eer es Lr 145 VOTA HER... o v v LEV. 146 Tmesipteris, Benk... ...... o. GR Yi os ii. 154 me WW Y 155 Ponton A 155 TT TT nnnn 155 Tote PA EEN ii. 152 Africana, Willd. (TAB. CLXVIIL) ...... 153 TUE, SM. e a a ii. 174 Antarctica, Hampe (Tas. CLXXII. fig. Ob. Australasize, Hook. et Grev cespitosa, var., H.f. et Wils I ere 174 ORIN, assu 6 5 oo rca mortes 175 cuspidata, f. et Wils. (TaB. CLXXII. f. 9) 175 PN, — A O 175 Knightii, Mitten (Tas. CLXXII. fig. Al)... 174 420 INDEX. Page Tortula luteola; Mitten .................. 1.175 mnioides P, Schwagr...........:..s«- 176, 376 RN o tele) poles F1 <<< .2 000. o na 176 pungens, H, i : Wils. (TAB. CLXXII. f. 7) is recurvata, féimásica, Sene. GOD Y e SEA ke ws Jay EB EE in Tulln Jr. 66608 ie oe SI EE ü. 205 PORO, Matten, 6s oe EE 206 arcnatum, Mitten e, NN NN NEEN 206 we Milan... voveo as RR 207 rage Hook... es OFID 205 Trachypus cerinus, Mitten `... ii. 203 ‚Rericaulis, Mitten ANN 203 Hornschuchis, Mitten: dt 203 Tremandrem,...,. ren i. 88 TEE E nee: ii. 178 flexipes, Mitten (TAB. CLXXIL fig. 6).... 173 Aul Y —— ii. 261 albida, Huds air iN 262 PN FP EE BE 262 frondosa, Fr 262 en ty ORE eee 262 mesenterica, Retz. ana er 262 olens, Berk. (Tas. Sr fig. bi... 262 MO, Dark. 0b Dr orn LYN 262 ws E Y A Eis ii. 268 chrysosperma, DO... ctra 988 GM, a ND 268 ww At EE 268 VERS DUE rr EE 268 vetracosa, Di ee 269 ba, Bi es i. 310 -spathulatum, e (Tas. XCIV.) ....310, ii. 362 THehoedles, Dumork. 625560882 L ii. 934 tomentella, pe TEN NES 234 engen mn ee een ii. 271 ee ee oC NI 271 Bu, ee Bth.. i. 299 Trtbomanes, Bae ovens ii. 135 TUNI DE e oV 135 Trichostomum, Beie... ii. 176 australe, NON EP EE 197 177 elongatum, H, f. el Wils. de CLXXIII.f.1) 176 laxifolium, Hr et Wile: .............. 177 Oldfieldii, Mitten ....... V te T UY ÎN 177 perichetiale, Hook. `... 166 Tyst, Be Y Y ii. 54 Page SEH elato E E ìi. 55 ANE uu. e e cedes aen ii. 39 quip Hook. ........ S deus 40 a BE I EN ee 40 A err rna 40 PRONUS mm 40 Dd SEN cR SBT: 40 TREE, JOE A E ii. 364 scapigerum, Muel. 2... YC NS 364 Tripterococcus spathulatus, Muell, . .1. 79, ü. 359 EE ii. 119 subspicatum, Pal. Beauv. .............. 119 CL A a i. 78 submersa, H€ (Tas. CXXXVIII. 4.).... 79 TO DEI... ae ii. 128 aa ASAS ER 129 EEN A eee 129 Ee a 128 SF ce vs On 129 dyadaridea, Do ie l aana r ON ii. 341 IO Haal «¿ci A 341 didus, a AA 341 Hp nn ee ü. 38 ie age AE 39 P Shuttleworthii, Sond. 240.000. 39 Cl > ee ee ii. 38 Ulota coe o. TN E ii. 184 uum. I OLI QE P ii. 342 se Bor ¿A 317 EE E 342 VIEN RR cci Ok ii. 341 na A NE 1, 151 OU ae EL RÀ ii. 102 compacta, Br. (TAB. CLIII. B.) ........ 103 nervosa, Boott (TAB. CLIII. 4.) ........ 102 riparia, Br, (Tas, ObH. Ba ein 102 tenella, Br. (TAB. CL. 4.)............ 102 Uniota distichophylla, Lob... ii. 127 Urceolaria sordida; Pr. access ìi. 349 V A oi Y i. 343 GNE A AE 343 EEN E 342 e A A do 345 PE A A DL 1. 343 Usnea, Ach. et Auct ii. 343 DON UR ar CC NW C PPS 344 SENA II oo oes hon cs Oe 343 MN di. Le ser eorr oes 344 Eee E 270 solida, Berk. (Tas. CLXXXIII. fig. 11) .. 270 VOL. II. INDEX. 421 Page | Page Uinetlaria, Li so DH i. 298 Fulpia rectiseta, Muell. ii. 127 Australis, By... Wn nA, 298 dichotoma, Ze, YN sun et 299 Wahlenbergia, Schrad.. i. 239 loro, Dei dee EE 299 gracilis, 4. DO... EN, 239 monanihos, GE E 299 saxicola, 4. DC. (Tas. LXXI. ). AU aU 239 epecioeg, Br, ii IS 299 Webera pyriformis, Hedw. ii. 188 Weu GG ee A 300 Weinmannia en. C. i. 148 mier, Br, si. E AM AR 299 ver? HOM. ee SE ii. 165 cuta, Br. et t Sch. 171 Yallisneria; Dy ¢ 500 AO. con I ìi. 37 Sage Has Ke 166 Spiralis; decis cari Yn O 37 flavipes, H.C et Wils. .. 165 Vauthiera australis, A. R. ii. 93 microcarpa, H. n et Wils. s (Tas. CLXXI. f dé 166 GL 2 O E i. 288 viridula, Brid. 166 montana, Hr (TAB. LXVIII. ‘2 234 Westringia, Sm. .. .. 1,284 paradoxa, Br. .. 233 angustifolia, B . 985, ii. 369 Ventenatia humifusa, ie i. 242 brevifolia, Bth. y XCI. ).. “oeb S8 IOMA tn ER 235 E NES eR Hx 285 Vol dz Hu i. 293 E n n — » 1. 276 arguta; te ia ici OR 295 Backhousiana, Hf. ge 277 Browni, Boss, 6 Be. e vl S a ss 295 GN DE Lo Eege 271 AU De DR 294 Winterana lanceolata, Poir.. Ed calycina, B ER 294 THI, y A EE ii. 308 Demi BUE EE 293 CU, HEN Hare, ss 308 MP dio ce ew BP UNS A 294 Jeannerettii, Hf. et Haro............... 308 formosa, Br. is E a DES EN 293 mucronata, Harv. (TAB. CXCI. B.)...... 309 Wa Luise exc ge 295 nobi, A OO ee ni 308 an en us sS oen 294 Pul, QU. ios eni ec 308 MW es GS Lu 293 pons, Had, i Y 308 NW, UM i E EE 294 setigera, Harv. En CXCI. 4. = ee 309 Te, Te E EE ii. 271 Wrangeliacee ..... à 1. 308 Mn COE AE EE 271 Villarsia, Vent. .. i. 272 ARUN, "TEE EE ii. 58 a A A ii. 368 australe, Br. os a aa 58 EE E ITA 368 A i E 59 parnassiifolia, Br. .......... ce e i. 272 DENN A i lo 59 PONIAN, DE: a a 272 ZEE e A IS i. 155 Vi Ge denudata. . i. 84 issecta, H, 155 EL elei iu exc e i, 26 hirsuta, DC. .......... 155 pec Ba. 27 MEME ....., 155 Caleyana, Dow E ran. 11.357 | a, Rudge.. ——— cr 155 Canninghamii, var, HA 4b... es 357 pusilla, B A O 156 IN, d EE i. 26, ii. 356 Xeranthemum bracteatum, Vent. ............ i. 210 Milfacea, Lab... a ss. i. 26 | NNNM ME SS EE ii. 62 UN HE |. uv S0 26 | IA v e 3 rc EE, Yn i< Un 36 | PIENE ME oo erre 63 VI a EEN La | een EE E EE 1. 250 Vittadinia, 4. R a EU] Archeri, Berk. (Tab. CLXXXIL fig. 1) .. 250 e DO A se ERA 182 | papyraceus, Berk. (TAB. CLXXXII. fig. 9). 250 MAG DE o s EE DE D Lu ss a Res ii. 285 - Vulpia Browniana, Nees................ 1. 199 | HMO, do Y yy 285 pete, NO... e 129 | chondrophylla, Mont... ... 285 422 INDEX. Page s Page Y heteroph Es LÀ E A ii, 150 su Wes, Ge Ee Tau ii. 314 Xylaria, A A EEN Zoopsis, H f. et Tayl. . ee Tie SD WE Pr EE HT 279 argentea, H.f. et Tayl. . cd o `" HD EE A 279 CA o eS ie ii. 44 Xyridee ..... YD ATA aU. A CAD, D ÔU ie E toot 44 ER a eens bull eee oon coii Zygnema cruciatum, Ae... :.. li. 341 lese dus RE E EE RETE e cue noct QU DOTT TODO PO NM ii. 185 NE NE EE ER 83 anomalus, De. e£ Molkb. ................ 188 AA o A ss 89 DEA AA eese iesus 188 3 conoideus, var., Hook. et Gr............. 185 HOMME Oe. OA ii. 42 o P Mon: UU en. 186 MW E A E E E aa 43, 173 TOA, T3... a iw co 188 dm. A EE 43 intermedius, Br. et Sch.. NO uri. an 185 o NC C E 1. 65 MA, lo are... an an... 185, 186 aM HB ......... y nl 65 minutus, O, Muell. et ze. TYF 186 A is e 65 e PEO II 185 MOE AM AO ss, 00 A o o Be OR i. 59 Lin, A E ii. 290 Aygophyllum, Mal ee e ce. 8. 958 interrup E "NEED dde 290 apiculatum, Muelli...............s.... i. 60 JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, PRINTER, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, LONDON. E â e Plate CI A Kä *a LA y | | ES " | W.Archer &W-Fitch da W Fitch hth. ea Vincent Brocks Imp. A. Ihelymitra antennifera, H£ B.T.Smithiana Hf B. Tamea, Dr A. Thema venosa, br Vincent Brooks Imp. E E = : - E = A. Thelymitra nuda, Jr R Tinodes Jm W Archer & WFitch del Witch lith A. Diuris sulphurea, Jr B. D. maculata, E y UML - Vincent Brooks Top. Pate CV W Archer & WEtch del. WEitch lith . Vincent Brooks Imp. A. Diuris pedunculata, Br B. D.corymbosa, Lindl. W Archer + W'Eiudh del, WFitch lith. A. Galochilus campestris Br | | | B. Lyperanthus nigri ny Cc D cant Dawn Amcerc Brooks T Tr Ps Plate CVI. N Archer &W Fitch del. Witch lith. Vincent Brooks Imp. M A SE valeana major, Ar. Durnetti Plate CVIII . W.Archer & W.Ruch del W. Fitch lith. Vincent Brooks Imp A. Cryptostylis longifolia, Dr C.Chiloglottis Gannii Lindl Plate CH. Vincent Brooks Imp. OR WArcher &W Bud del. W. Bch ith. A. Pra.sophyllurn flavum Br B. P. truncatum, Lindl Plate CX d p i K is 5 a 4 d A a a par W Archer & W Fitch del W Bitch hth. Vincent Prooks Imp. Pra.scphyllum brevilabre , A£. B. P. lutescens, Lindl. Hate CX] W.Axcher &WRitch dd Witch lith. o UE Prasophylium patens Dr TT Plat CA / 'W.Archer & Witch del -W Fitch lith. Vincent Brooks Imp. Frasophylium alpinım Ar P. fuscumn, Br. Plate CXII W.Archer &W.Fitch del WP Vincent Brooks Imp. = A =] ^ E T3 Doe NES H E P. despectans, Hf Frasophy.lum ArcheriHf P nudum Ai Hate CAW. W.Archer &WFitch del.WFitch ih. Vincent Brooks Imp A. Pterostylis pedunculata, Br B | a Dr Pla Te CAV. W.Archa: & W Fitch del W Fitelohth. Vincent Brooks Trap P cucullata ‚Br Purostylis dubia. Br P. obtusa, Br. Plate CXVI e cs TA) VARS PL, 4 \ - S440 M fp Tine LLL At A x wl Vincent Brooks Imp H aphylla Jodi W Archer & W Fitch del .W.Fitch lith. Ptero stylis rufa Br F squamata Br Hate CVII Vincent Brooks Imp + W.Ardher AW Fitch del W Fitch lith, Pt. longifolia, Br Fterostylis mutica., Br Plate CXVIII ANN t si W. Archer & Witch del W Fitch lith. 1 Vincent Brooks Imp Microtis pulchella, Br M .arenaria., Lindl. Plate CXIX~ Watcher W Fitch del Witch lith, Vincent Brooks Imp ' Acanthus exsertus, Br A Candatus, Zr. Oyrtostylis reniformis Pr ZS W.Archer EP, del. W.Btch lith. Vincent: Brooks Imp A 5 poo 1. us RA. Eriochilus autumnalis, Br Glossodia major, Br Plate CIXI. WArche &WRtch dà Witch lia. Vincent Brooks Imp. Caladenia Menziesi, Br C filamentosa., Dr e W.Archer &W.Ritch del Wi, lith. Vincent Brooks Imp Caladenia dawigera, A Gunn. | datata Pr | Plate CATI 2 W.Ar cher & W.Fitch, del. W Fitch lith Vincent Brooks Imp Caladenia Pater soni. Br C. barbata. Lindl. Hate CXXIV. W. Archer & W.Fitch ddl. Witch hth. Vincent Brooks Imp. Caladenia carnea ‚Pr C. congesta Br W.Archer &W.Fitch del W.Fitch lith. Vincent Brooks Imp Caladenia alata., Dr a angustata, Lindl. Plate AM. W.Arher del Witchi . W.Fitoh ith. Vincent Brooks Imp. Gastrodia sesamoides, Dr WaArcher del WRtch lith. Dipodium punctatum, Br Plate CXXVIII. WO | ccc \ = ) ON 2 9 CO MA W.Exch dile Hih. Vincent Brooks Imp Gúnnia australis, Lindl. Plate CXXIX. Vincent Brooks Imp. Libertia Lawrence, Zf Plate CXXX. "Witch iau Vincent Brooks irnp Hypoxis glabdla, Br: H pusilla , A. Plate CXXXI WeRtch dele ith, Vincent Brocks Imp Arthropodium laxum, Jie. Plate CXAZIT (ce UY) y Vincent Brooke I Caesia. corymbosa ‚Br Herpolirion Tasmaniee M£ D7 ny} YP Yy YII Flate ULAAATI LLAK D.Archeri HE W Fitch, del et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Dianella Tasmanica, DI 7 "VIII i. utte CAXXI V TUYA gee TOM p» aaa niis LL "nu. "Vincent Brooks Imp. W.Rh dd et ith J.capillaceus ff Juncus australis, DI W Fitch, del | cent Brooks, mp W Pitch del et ith Vince tI oks T pe Sur am Restio monocephalus. Br Lepyrodia Iasmanica.Zf Plate CAXXVI. Vincent Brooks Imp Leptocarpus Drownii, Hf Vincent Brooks , Imp A ” W.Fiteh, del et lith. Hypolena fastigiata, DI Plate CXXXVII Aphelia Gunnii, Hf WN Fitch del et lich. SSD ie Y Centrolepis aristata, A4. Vincent Brooks Im | | | | | | | | | | j Imp W.Fıteh del et lith C yperu» sanguineo fuscu Co ) . 4 IV ees. " — FRITZ ^ b. — - A = —. nn —=- RITTER ; gH -— a mo ` Ma «i ` » PTT ELS à : ` Wa nw xr , Ce o Y i SX «s SAAS KC ech PUE € F t 3 Mw d LASS 24 2 > BM e T B by BJ A Ka 7 4 B AS 7 4 E Ay bh m— FE Fa | d ~ NA) — ES â T d d O2 Ze SG Ay A dé Ze NS. * ; : NN ISS m a : OIX ; ; pe" k uu = | i - a Mw » d = E >> S —À — egener 2 J) ar a RT TT TT = Wohn pc a f $ E Sn D E Mr « "7 Sen be >z nnii, Af. SCH ND erus Lu C lith . WRtch del et CXL! Plate Vincent Brooks, Imp. Schoenus fluitans, A£ W. Fitch, delt et Lith. Chætospora capillacea, Af Plate CLII Ld "m cs p Sd rrr Se? Cd SC ~~ 2. W.Fitch,del.et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp Gymnoschcenus spheeroc ephalus, Ad LT yv 77 Plate CALLI Id dedo > Witch daet hth. j Vincent Brooks, Im p. T4 T ur Isolepis crassiuscuia Hf. | alpina, Z f 4 OKS, Imp. Vincent Bro W. Fitch, del et th. Y? y^ li A Xd ~ 5 p 4 ISolCpi T Plate CLV ^ Isolepis cartilaginea Dr 'W.Fitch del. et Eth Vincent Brooks, Imp. Isolepis lenticularis Jr Isolepis riparia,Dr A à "DA eebe Eeer 8 A ÓN J- V tch,del et lith. Lepido sperina Oldfi eld. Af Wh incen! Brooks, Imp l concava Dr gen, Ke Fe I— NN E OR Md vente = JS Der) ee rn. e = ee y Vincent Brooks, Imp W Fitch, del et lith L. angustifolia, H£ Lepidosperma lateralis, Dr Vill d vr ^ h Plate ( he ge pr PU 22:023 mud ud : E ememr ` Vincent Brooks, inp posan Af W.Fitch,del.etiith. Cladium laxiflorum, Af Plate CYLIX. W. Fitch, del. et lith. “Vincent Brooks, Imp Cladium tetraguetrum DI Plate CL madd dag WW: iiri c QD vu [cC Vincent Brooks, Chlorantha Dr A yn a NN GE Se TA D n ae Carex Archeri, Boott. W. Hitch, delt et lith 4. f W.Bitch,del et lith Vincent Brooks, Imp. Carex Gaudichaudiana, Ath G Cataractee, Dr Vincent Brooks, Imp. W. Fitch, delt et ith . U.riparia, Br. Uncinia tenella, Br Plate CLIII Vincent Brooks, imp. 'W.Fitch,del. et lith. U. comp acta Br Uncinia nervosa, Boot. D Plate CLIV. t. / 1 : " / Fi 4 A d D d d Y | Y € ^H E Y A iX | [| f 'm i Y Y | | E dM S ^l H M $ A AUU o à N : e? $ 3 Ei | | E ¡E t 4 | F = H 1 j 1 į d H 1 Si A - | » i v A JM EU E iv "MA | a. ee | j j 4 7 j i E E â E. d Y 4% 1 " e : d ] ^ Ab f EI d AN WM, \ Y i B d e “ | , A f AN s | e 3 d Ag (e , SÉ i N S 1 á » | / 3 A 8 Y 4 1 "y i. IA I Z l l wë E E E : i j MS | i| E F y | 1 t ií 4 d £ 3 PS NAS S o (Ge? Hb i LE j n t d iE 1 i + | j = us ei E d à ^ í l 1 E E ` \ ` e TR 4 1 j dilih f. ^" j HIER l k ì Fs "n i. C N, A j : ag i) $ Á = 1! AL di Ge, Ä : LERI i Ñ " f L - SI A Di E - e > " E E 1 A V | GA W.Fitch,del . et.ith . Vincent Brooks, imp m ; ^ SEE. letrarrhena tenacis sima, Nees. Plate CLV W.Fitch,del. et lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Microlena ‘Gunnu. AE — Divlax Tasmanica, HI ‘WFitch, del.et lith. | Ce Vincent Brooks, Imp. Anthistiria australis, Br Plate CLI Zr £ TD N SS NS Vincent Brooks, imp Witch del et lith. Stipa setacea, Ar Hierochloe rariflora, Hf Plate CLVII. = Get Dichelachne saureadf — — Agrostis parviflora. Dr Plate CLIX. - la! Vincent Brooks In tp W.Fitch del etlith . A: equata Nees. Agrostis venusta, run. Plate CLA. rocks, Imp. Vincent B W. Fitch, del et lith. Agrostis montana Dr Plate CLAI A 3. $ NW. Fitch, del et Hth. Vincent Brooks, Imp. Agrostis contracta, Muell Danthonia subulata, H£ CLII EN ed Vincent Brooks, Imp. Pitch, del. eLlith. Tr YY Glyceria stricta Af Danthonia pauciflora, Br Pla CIXI ; V. + Rr ] Em u : vincent Brooks imp. Fitch del et lith, Danthonia Archen, Hf. Dnervosa Af Plate GLXIV. Fitch del et lith. Poa tenera, Muell. P. saxicola. Br CLAV. Plate Vincent Brooks, Emp Festuca Hookeriana,/ Mael. A d T Plate ULAY Vincent Brooks, Emp. 'W.Fitch del..et lith. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh var]. W.Fitch,del.et lith. Vincent Brooks, Enp : Lomaria fluviatilis, Spr Todea Africana, Wick, Plate CLAI : Air, Ophioglossum wilgatum.Lrar 6 y^ Vincent Brooks, Imp W.Fitch,del et lith. Botrychium Virginianum, ow. Plate CLXX incent Brooks, Emp. W. Fitch,del CG HER. Y Incecn. OOKS, I A. D: Lyc 2: Selago,L ida ie 7 Plate. ( LOT a Bruchia minuta, Hut. 2 Weissia mierocarpaAf&W UN Y strictus, Hf& W F .integerrimus, Mitt. Dicramam angustinerve, Mut. Wilson Mitten& Fitch del. _WFitch lith. Vincent Brooks, Imp. | 4 We | i T. cuspidata, Hf& W. Campylopus capillatus,Hfé V a Orthotricum LawrenceiJfut. D. angustifolium, HF&W 2 T. rubella, H£4 W. P j Ma. 2 T. Knightii , Mut. Vincent Brooks, Imp bd] 4. Camp. insititius, HIER à T. pungens, H£4W Wilson Mitten, ¿Pitch del. W Brch Dt. Irıchost. elongatum, Afke W Plate GET 3 Pt.serratum, Mitt. Racomitr Symphyodon. See" | | 2 4 ! Mriopsis Plumula, Mitt. Brass, lanceolatum, HfAW Bryum rubiginosum,/'& W Wilson Mitten& Fitch del WFitch, ith. Vincent Brooks, Imp Plate CLAZIV Bartramia pusillaW | B.remotifoha.H/4W B.tenuis, Tayl. i 6 BSieberi Hornsch B comosa, Mit | B. fragilis, Müt. Vincent Brooks Imp. | E 4 B. crassa, HEN Wilson Mittende Pitch, del. WFich lith Tab CLXXV. Entosthodon productus, Mitt + Funaria crispula, Jf. Leskea imbricata HE d A Wilson Men E Fitch, del —W.Fitch, ith. : ! 7. M. filipendulum. HEH | Cryphea Tasmanica, Mut. | Isothecium pumilum HGH) I. Archeri, Mit Vincent Brooks, Emp. Hate (LAW. } S Vincent Brooks Imp. 'W.Mitten del. Witch lith. ; H.asperipes „Mitten. H collatum, H.F& W. H aristatum, Z F4W ve Plate CLXXVIL. ed Hypnum Jolliffii, Mitt. H. contiguum ,#f & W. 4. H Hookeria sinuosa, Hf.&W ` “Wilson. Mitten. & Fitch del... W.Fitch.lith. Plate ULXAVIII L. decurva,, Matt. E Plag. strombifolia, Tayl. W.Mitren. del. W Pitch, lith. L. amplectens, Mitt ” * Sum ie > Aw d ae Vincent Brooks, imp 2. G.concìnna,, Mit. Isotach. subtrifida, Mitt: I. Gunniana, Mitt W. Mitten, del: W. Richi, Vincent Brooks Imp. Lepidozia procera, Müt ` Plate CLXXX Xx Lejeunia lyratifolia,H.F& T Frull. proboscidiphora., Tayl. W-Mitten. del W-Fitéh ith. Vincent Brooks Imp. Le pike e interruptus, B. E Za M = ue A Wed eves ce A ue Cortinarius Archeri, B. ' Lentinus hepatitrichus, B. L.pulvinulus, B W.Archer, M.J. Berkeley £.W. Fitch, del. W Fitch. lith Vincent Brooks, imp Aerotus Archeri B. X.papyraceus , B. Zei Ne doch Ou Kr M RN AM Polyporus rudis. B. Polyporus campylus, B. 6 . Anpustus, D r.rhinocephaius W. Archer & Fitch del. W. Fitch, lithog Clavaria Archeri, B. Plate CLXXXIII 4 Clav. rhizomorpha, B. Hirneola vitellina, B. Se Fi D. Sclerotioides, B. G. Archeri, B. G. Australis, B. Peziza recurva, B. 13 qu P. Eucalypti, B. ]4 Nectria agaricicola, B. d W y Endogone australis, B. M.J. Berkeley & W: Fitch del. M Vincent Brooks bmp PTVvVDTTr” V D? e LU C AJ Vincent Brooks Imp A W. Archer del WF itcth, hith. Lys urus pentactinus, Berk Vincent Broaks Imp. W. HH. del ex lith. Harv. Myriodesma integrifolia WHH de Gn quoe 5 IT i) Ear Eu — e Manni MÀ ct —————— — " Vincent Brooks Bellotia Eriophorum, Harv. it Brooks Imp. Nereia australis, Ham. | | | | i Vincent Brooks Imp WHH. dd eith. Chondria opuntioides, Harv. W.H.H. del. ex ith. Vincent Brooks | SE M Leet E e Kr WHH. Ad a. kth. Wrangelia set igera., Harv. : Wran geli a mucronata, fury ms 27 e d | NN 4 Kan "5 V ud in Së mh W. H " dis e lith. E ` Vincent Brooks Imp Mychodea disticha, Harv. | Polycoelia fastigiata , Harv. rl BN u Wéi Gulsonia annulata, Mary. WHH. dd et lib, a "n H 7 L Crouania insignis, (ua N ex] be | 4 D? LULE 1 L9 | A | g e > M = je tas e H WEH. del a lith. [Carpa Horea po P Horea speciosa, Harv. s. Y ^ | An \ INS NY N D d » 320. MUT MS y UN ê o TNI ; d | AA At A AS WHA. Ada lith. Vincent Brooks Emp Griffithsia monilis, Ban ` ' | Bangia pulchella, Harv | | | | | ) | Dietyosphaeria sericea, Harv. | | | | M | — V | | ^ | | | cae. " | | | | e y | j ( j © | | 6 | E | © | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b W.H.H, del et ith. SD Ra een Vincent Brooks Imp. (Edogonium monile, Berk 4 Harv = Conferva Darwini, H&A Plate CA U Vil W. Fitch del. etlith . Vincent Brooks Imp. Oticta éranulata, Dab Plate CACVIII g E o E sex * PR ni Witch del. et hih Sticta foveolata Del. Tor Plate CXCIX. | Sticta cetrarioides, Bab. Becomyces splachnirima, Mitt WMitten. £W Fitch,del. Witch, lith. * Vincent Brooks Imp. I Leed petr&oides, Nyl. Pyr. Tasmanica, Nyl AF ne DE. ES, Vincent Drooks, Ii Ri W.Miten AW.Fitch,del. Witch, Lith.