RARE BOOKS ’ Sapo S « COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS VOLUME 1 1916 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (ADDISON BROWN FUND) MIissoUR: Suta~ Car GARDEN LIBRARY ot sai PREFACE Addison Brown, for twenty years United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, was an enthusiastic amateur botanist and patron of science. He was a member of the Torrey Botanical Club for nearly forty years, and its president from 1893 to 1905. He was keenly interested in the establishment and de- velopment of the New York Botanical Garden; was a member of the Board of Managers from its organization until his death, and President of the Garden from 1910. Judge Brown’s interest in plants centered largely on their proper illustration, and he has hitherto been best known to the botanical world as one of the authors of the “ Illustrated Flora.’”’ Upon his death, in 1913, he left a bequest to the New York Botanical -Garden establishing the AppISON Brown Funp, “the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the maintenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial possessions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conservatories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.” The magazine established in accordance with the provisions of this bequest has been named AppISONIA in honor of its founder, and upon the completion of this first volume it seems appropriate to place on record this brief statement of its origin and its scope. jJoun H. BARNHART, Grorce V. Nasu, Editors of this volume. New York Botanical, GARDEN, December 30, 1916. PLATE Oe cSCU MONA NS W _ CONTENTS Part 1 Marca 31, 1916 Rhododendron carolinianum. . Cassia polyphylla. Robinia Kelseyi. Pachyphytum longo. Begonia Cowellii. . Echeveria setosa. . Columnea gloriosa. . Fouquieria formosa. Maxillaria ringens. Nopalea Auberi. Part 2 JunE 30, 1916 Crinum americanum. ‘ Clethra alnifolia. . ‘ Echeveria carnicolor. Mina lobata. . Clerodendron ifichoominn. Notylia sagittifera. Exogonium sisierenisictylaan. Vitex Agnus-castus. Opuntia macrorhiza . Commelina communis. . Part 3 SEPTEMBER 30, 1916 Adoxa Moschatellina. Sisyrinchium Bermudiana. . Cremnophila nutans. ‘ Pithecolobium gisitali(pense. Re Anthurium grandifolium.. . . Epidendrum paleaceum. Begonia Williamsii. . Oncidium urophyllum. vi ADDISONIA Part 4 DECEMBER 30, 1916 PAGE ol A Secu divereiohain, 4-0 so oe = 31B Sedum humifusum. . ... FON on Sak e oe > Catesetiar Scurra: =o. SS Sia Sap as . 63 33°-. Chionodoxa Luciliae gigantea . . + >. . . 65 34 Agavesubsimplex. . . . Eee so a eg a «5 3) pasyatepiais Porpiytigs=.< Ss ee ree. Soe ERS: DROME RE Ng See ns me aE 3/7 . Ritushirta dissecta. 2°... Saat ase perme aa F ote = COE VON GRE Sg ere ae ee ee en CR MSS ea ey eee 40 KEcheveria australis. pet ie a ae ee ee Index. ; ‘ ; é = . ‘ _ ‘ ; 81 PLATE. 1 ADDISONIA RHODODENDRON CAROLINIANUM ADDISONIA 1 (Plate 1) RHODODENDRON CAROLINIANUM Carolina Rhododendron Native of eastern Tennessee and western North and South Carolina Family ERICACEAE Heatx Family Rhododendron carolinianum Rehder, Rhodora 14: 99, 1912. A low compact evergreen shrub, with numerous branches, and sahara flowers in terminal deonaie the flowers opening before e development of the leaf-shoo The winter flower-buds are oo than half an inch long, ovoid, actibe: the scales densely ciliate and scaly. The leathery leaves are two to four and a half inches long and up to two inches wide, elliptic to oval, wedge-shaped at the base, acute or shortly acuminate at the apex, deep yellowish- green, Saar beneath, the upper surface at first sparsely scaly but ae ooth, the lower surface densely scaly, the petiole not more egy an inch long. Umbel-like clusters of four to ten flowers eae the branches, each flower on a scaly pedicel about half an inch long. ‘The sepals are short, equaling or shorter than the calyx-tube, ee rbicular to broadly ovate, scaly and often ciliate. The roll is rose-colored, sometimes paler or nearly white, about = “qaeh long and one and a half inches broad, abrotts; or sometimes rather sparingly scaly, the tube Lig equalin or a little shorter than the lobes, which are broadly ovate and without spots, or the upper lobe sometimes sparsely a There are ten stamens, which are a little shorter than the filaments rose-colored, hairy at the base. The glabrous os is purple, a little shorter than the stamens. The ovary is scal The naerwaly oblong aude is brown and about half an inch long. For many years this interesting plant has been known as Rhodo- dendron punctatum. In 1912 Alfred Rehder announced that there were really two species which had been bearing this name. It has been pretty well established by him that the original Rhodo- dendron punctatum of Andrews is the same as Rhododendron minus Michx., a name published in 1792, six years earlier, and to be used on account of its priority. That plant is distributed from South Carolina to Georgia and Alabama. The other species which has been included in Rhododendron punctatum is the one here illustrated. ‘Its range is more restricted, being confined apparently to the mountainous region of eastern Tennessee and western North and South Carolina. It resembles the other species, but can be readily distinguished by the short bell-shaped corolla-tube, not exceeding 2 ADDISONIA the lobes, by the upper lobe, which is either unspotted or much less spotted, and by the more compact habit of growth. This habit and the corolla, usually broader in proportion to its length than in the other, make this the more desirable evergreen. In Rhododendron minus the tube of the corolla is cylindric at the base, broadening gradually above, while in this it is much shorter and broadens from very near the base. This is a charming rhododendron, one of our most desirable evergreens with attractive flowers. It should be planted in masses to secure the best effect, and a plantation of this kind, established in 1910, may be found in the New York Botanical Garden on the south bank of the upper lake, just to the west of the bridge drive- way. ‘There are all too few broad-leaved evergreens which are hardy and have showy flowers, and every encouragement should be given to the cultivation of those we have. This one is a delight in its charming flowers, and there is an added pleasure in their early appearance, for they come late in May or early in June, two or three weeks in advance of those of Rhododendron catawhtense, another species from the mountains of our southeastern states. Then come, toward the end of June or early in July, the flowers of Rhododendron maximum, a species more extended in its distribu- tion, found from Nova Scotia and Ontario to Ohio, Georgia, and Alabama. It must always be remembered that rhododendrons, as well as most other members of the heath family, are intolerant of alkaline soils, and this prevents their use, of course, in limestone regions. Their intolerance of fresh manure is equally strong and for the same reason, the presence of alkali, and on this account it must be used neither in the initial preparation of the soil nor as a mulch later. Old and well-rotted manure, preferably cow manure, may be employed. But a slightly acid soil is their delight, so the best material is leaf-mold, not too old, produced by the rotting of the leaves of deciduous trees, especially those of the oak. An annual mulch of four to six inches of freshly fallen leaves of this kind, applied in the fall, is excellent, as such a mulch, slowly dis- integrating, produces the kind of humus in which rhododendrons thrive. Most rhododendrons require a northern exposure and partial shade for their best development. GEoRGE V. NASH. EXPLANATION OF Puats. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Fig. 2,—Fruiting og beets ADDISONIA m£.Eoton. CASSIA POLYPHYLLA ADDISONIA 3 (Plate 2) CASSIA POLYPHYLLA Many-leaved Senna Native of the West Indies Family CAESALPINIACEAE SENNA Family Cassia polyphylla Jacq. Coll. 4: 104. 1790. Usually a shrub nine feet high or less, or a small tree up to twelve feet high, but recorded as sometimes becoming a tree forty- five feet high. The branches are slender, and the young twigs loosely and sparingly hairy. The leaves, which are from three quarters of an inch to nearly three inches long, are hairy when young, but nearly smooth when old, almost sessile, and clustered at the nodes of the sepee they have minute stipules about one of an inch long, and five to fifteen pairs of small obovate or oblong leaflets not Ste than one quarter of an inch long, which are blunt or notched at the apex, three-nerved and few-veined. The showy yellow flowers are borne one or two together on pea ary peduncles, which are shorter than the leaves. The some- what unequal sepals are oval and blunt. The spreading petals are obovate, short-clawed, and about half an inch long. The narrowly linear, flat, drooping pods are nearly straight, six inches long or less, about one quarter of an inch wide, stalked, short-tipped, brown, becoming black and shining, at length splitting into two thin valves. The seeds are flat and nearly round. The species was first described from plants derived from Porto Rico, which flowered prior to 1790, in April and May, in the green- house of the Royal Garden at Schénbrunn, near Vienna. As a shrub, it is a common element of the vegetation of the southern and southwestern dry portions of Porto Rico, where it glorifies hillsides and plains in the spring by its profuse bright yellow flowers. It has been taken into gardens in that region, growing there readily and blooming freely; in gardens at Guanica, flowering masses were seen which were as strikingly golden as any yellow- flowering plant could be. The plant which furnished the spray for the accompanying illustration was grown from seed collected by us near Ponce in 1906, and is now about five feet high. Cassia polyphylla has been found in Hispaniola, and inhabits also the Danish islands St. Thomas and St. Croix; I further ob- served it in 1913 on Anegada, the most eastern of the Virgin Islands, where it grows on a low rocky plain. I have never seen the plant higher than about twelve feet; the statement that it attains much 4 ADDISONIA greater size is a from the record by Professor Urban in his ‘Flora portoricen In Porto Rico, Ps is known as ‘“‘Retama’’ or “‘Retama prieta,”’ but the name ‘“‘Hediondilla” is also applied to it there. The botanist Bello y Espinosa mistook the plant for Cassia biflora Linnaeus, and so recorded it in his ‘‘ Apuntes para la flora de Puerto- Rico,” published in 1881. While in nature a plant of relatively dry regions, it grows well in moist greenhouses, commencing to flower with us in late De- cember or early January; it would perhaps live in southern Florida, and should be tried there, for, if successfully established, a most attractive additional winter feature would be supplied. flowering spray was depicted on plate cage of Jacquin’s rare and valuable ‘“‘Icones plantarum rariorum,” published in three folio volumes toward the end of the eighteenth century, in which this and many other rare plants grown in the Schénbrunn garden were illustrated. N. L. BriTron. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruit. PLATE 3 ADDISONIA ROBINIA KELSEYI ADDISONIA 5 (Plate 3) ROBINIA KELSEYI Kelsey’s Locust Native of North Carolina Family FABACEAE PgA Family Robinia Kelseyi Cowell, Cycl. Am. Hort, 1538. 1902. A compact spreading shrub up to six feet or more tall, with rather dark green foliage and rose-purple flowers. ‘The leaves are pinnate, three to six inches long, the rachis sparingly hairy, grooved on the upper surface, with subulate pubescent i on The leaflets are usually nine to eleven, glabrous, with prominent vena- tion beneath when mature, elliptic to or Setar sterraran rather firm, the stalks one eighth of an inch long or less, sparingly pubes- cent, the blade three quarters of an inch to one and a half inches long, one quarter to five eighths of an inch wide, acute and apicu- late at the apex, usually rounded at the base. he racemes con- sist commonly of four to six flowers and are one and a half to three inches long, with the rachis glandular-hairy. The flowers are rscre three quarters of an inch long, on ae -hairy pedicels ch are less than one quarter of an inch long. The calyx is andular-hairy outside and soft-hairy within, pa has a campanu- late tube a little over an eighth of an inch long, with the triangular- subulate teeth, which are nearly equal in length, an eighth of an inch long or a little more, very acute. The corolla is rose-purple, the standard orbicular, up to an inch in diameter, the wings elliptic- oblong, less than an inch long, the keel three quarters of an inch long or less. The staminal tube is glabrous. The ovary is glandu- ar-hairy, the style curved, hairy at the apex. The fruit is oblong- linear, one and a half to two and a half inches long and up to five eighths of an inch wide over all, densely bristly with glandular hairs This is related to Robinia hispida L., a species distributed from Virginia and Kentucky to Georgia and Alabama. It differs in the more compact habit, the absence of glandular hairs on the leaf- rachis (a character conspicuous in the other species), the narrower leaflets, and the somewhat smaller flowers. This interesting shrub was discovered by Harlan P. Kelsey, who offered it for sale for the first time in his catalogue of 1900-01. The foliowing quotation is from a letter recently re- ceived from Mr. Kelsey in response to a request for information as to the locality and habitat of this plant: ‘Robinia Kelsey: was found growing on the Blue Ridge range south oi Pineola, North Carolina. 6 ADDISONIA Its range so far as I know is not wide, although very possibly it might be found in other places. It is found growing with kalmias and rhododendrons on the sunny exposures on comparatively dry ridges, and is found with the typical ericaceous growth including Vaccinium, Gaylussacia, Galax, Leucothoé, Xolisma, and azaleas. Of course this is a non-alkaline soil and the plant seems to thrive in fairly sunny locations. The altitude is about 3700 to 3900 feet elevation.” There are in the fruticetum of the New York Botanical Garden two of these shrubs, between four and five feet high, purchased from Mr. Kelsey in 1903; they blossom at the end of May or early in June. It is one of the most attractive shrubs flowering at that time of the year, and is certainly worthy of more general cultivation. The information furnished by Mr. Kelsey, quoted above, indicates that it thrives under conditions favorable to rhododendrons. The flowers resemble in color those of Rhododendron carolintanum, illustrated at plate 1 of this work, and appear at about the same time. From its preference for a non-alkaline soil, as indicated by its environment of ericaceous plants, its successful cultivation in a limestone soil is uncertain. GrorcE V. NASH. EXPLANATION OF Pats. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Fig. 2,—Fruit. PLATE 4 ADDISONIA PACHYPHYTUM LONGIFOLIUM ADDISONIA 7 (Plate 4) PACHYPHYTUM LONGIFOLIUM Long-leaved Pachyphytum Native of central Mexico Family CRASSULACEAE OrPINE Family Pachyphytum longifolium Rose; Britton & Rose, N. Am. Fi, 22: 12. 1905. The simple stems are usually short, very leafy, mime it by an elongate raceme, the pink corollas nearly hid under the leafy bracts and leaf-like sepals. The leaves are elongate, Wen: fleshy and turgid, but somewhat flattened, two to three inches long, one ashe to three fourths of an inch broad, pre fourth to inch thick, narrowed from below the acute apex to the base ek int o short round petioles, glaucous, tinged with purple, the lower ones oe at right angles to the stem, the upper one; erect. The flowering raceme is six to ten inches ssi erect below, nodding aie leafless except just below the flow The large flowering bracts ee at the base, arranged in in h two rows, at first imbricate pals are large, origina! the two outer ones nearly equal, age! oblong, about ha inch long, the three inner ones smaller. The corolla is much s nailer than the calyx, about two-fifths of an inch long, pale on the outside, red on the inside. ‘The five we! distinct petals are erect below, spreading above, broad and rounded at apex but with a short abrupt point. The stamens art eet number, ae free and five borne on the petals, The five distinct carpels, each with a broad scale at its base, are erect, and each is terminated by a short style. The seeds are numerous, minute, oblong. This species is nearest Pachyphytum bracteosum, a well-known greenhouse plant, but has much narrower leaves. The foliage resembles that of the well-known garden plant, Echeveria clavi- folia, otherwise quite distinct. This plant was introduced into e collections of the New York Botanical Garden through speci- mens collected in 1904 by C. A. Purpus, in central Mexico, but no definite locality was given. The species is easily propagated by seeds or cuttings, and the leaves will give off new plants from their bases when put into the cutting-bed or even allowed to lie on top of the soil where they drop from the plant. Pachyphytum, known only from Mexico, and comprising sev described species, is characterized by very fleshy leaves, fase leafy sepals, rather thin petals, and curiously appendaged stamens, 8 ADDISONIA The genus was first described in 1841, but in 1853 Lindley & Paxton referred it to Echeveria, while in 1865 Bentham & Hooker combined it and Echeveria with the South African genus Cotyledon. J. N. Rose. EXPLANATION oF Piate. Fig. 1—Plant. Fig. 2—Flower, seen from above, Fig. 3.—Flower, lateral view, with the calyx removed. Fig. 4.—Flower, opened, exposing stamens and pistil. PEATE S ADDISONIA SA ag si “ BEGONIA COWELLII ADDISONIA 9 (Plate 5) BEGONIA COWELLIL Cowell’s Begonia Native of eastern Cuba Family BEGONIACEAE BEGONIA Family Begonia Cowellit Nash, sp. nov. A perennial plant with slender stems of a beautiful rose color striated with darker rose, lobed leaves, and white flowers flushed with rose. The stems, which measure up to sixteen inches tall and are sparingly branched, arise from a short, stout, fleshy, creep- ing rootstock. The scarious brown stipules are broadly oval or nearly orbicular, about an eighth of an inch long, toothed and cili- ate, one-nerved, the nerve extending into a bristle. The leaves, of which there are usually six or eight on each stem, are spreading. The petioles, which equal or exceed the blades in length, those of the basal leaves being much longer, are colored like the stem, and are srt pubescent, especially toward the apex, with long brown hairs. The blades are broader than long, an inch to an inch and a quarter long and an inch and a quarter to two atl a half inches broad, shining, somewhat fleshy, rather dark green and sparingly pubescent with short appressed hairs on the upper surface, paler and glabrous or with a few brown hairs on the nerves beneath; they are unequally three- to five-lobed, the divisions extending to or below the middle, the lobes sparingly toothed or lobed. ‘The flowers are in clusters of two or three, all staminate, or one flower in each cluster pistillate. In the staminate flowers the perianth is of four parts, of which the two outer are oval to broadly obovate, about half an inch long and three eighths of an inch wide, obtuse, the two inner shorter and much narrower. The stamens, of which there are twenty or twenty-five, are yellow, and are united below into a glabrous column which is shorter than the cluster of anthers. The mature anthers, about one twelfth of an inch long, and less than one half as wide and several times as long as the free part of the filaments, are oblong-linear, the rounded connective extending beyond the anther-cells. The pistillate and a quarter of an inch wide. The three-celled and three-angled ovary is unequally winged, one of the wings much longer than the others. The placentas are deeply gece the divisions bearing ovules on both surfaces. The yellow styles are about an eighth an inch long and finely pubescent, and bifid, the divisions spirally p spilisee, The body of the capsule is about a quarter of an inch long and broad, the largest wing being nearly a quarter of an inch long. ‘The seeds are brown, oblong-elliptic, obtuse. 10 ADDISONIA This interesting plant was collected by Britton and Cowell in the early spring of 1912, along a rocky stream near Ensenada de Mora, Province of Oriente, Cuba. Living plants only were obtained, and these consisted of the fleshy rootstocks and a few leaves. Flowers were produced for the first time in October of the same year. It is named in honor of one of the collectors, the late John F. Cowell, for many years director of the Buffalo Botanic Garden. It is of easy culture, and thrives well under conditions required by others of the fibrous-rooted begonias. It belongs to the section Begoniastrum A. DC., in the broad sense in which that is now regarded, subsection Eubegonia War- burg. There are between twenty-five and thirty species of Begonia known from the West Indies, all but two of which belong to this section. The seventy-five or one hundred species comprising this section are all natives of America from Mexico and the West Indies to South America. Many of these are in cultivation, including such well-known plants as Begonia nitida and Begonia semperflorens. GEORGE V. Nasu. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Plant. Fig. 2.—Staminate flower. Fig. 3. —FPistillate flower, seen from above. Fig. 4.—Pistillate flower, lateral view. Fig. 5.—Portion of stamen cluster, X 4. Fig. 6.—Styles, X 6. Fig. 7—Cross- section of ovary, X 4. PLATE 6 ADDISONIA ECHEVERIA SETOSA ADDISONIA 11 (Plate 6) ECHEVERIA SETOSA Setose Echeveria Native of southern Mexico Family CRASSULACEAE ORPINE Family Echeveria setosa Rose & Purpus, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 45. pl. ro. 1910. temless perennial. The numerous leaves, one hundred or more, fe a dense, almost hemiohode rosette, three or four inches in diameter. ‘The leaves are fleshy but flat, spatulate to oblanceolate, ae one to two inches long, covered on both sides with setose hair he flowering stem is usually simple, sometimes branched, fifteen inches long or less, covered with purple hairs, and bearing numerous small leaves. ‘There are eight to fifteen flowers, arranged long. The five sepals are linear, green, setose, and spreading. ios five petals are about one half of an inch tt rad at base, eee ip. ‘The ten stamens are white. The carpels are five in number es differs from all the other known species of Echeveria in having the leaves and inflorescence setose, a peculiarity which makes it a very striking plant and a most interesting introduction to our conservatories. The plant in the collection of the New York Botanical Garden was collected by C. A. Purpus in the mountains of Puebla, Mexico. The genus Echeveria, of more than sixty species, is confined to the New World and chiefly to Mexico. Only one species has been reported from the United States and that from near the Mexican order. One or two are known from Central America, while one occurs as far south as central Peru. Many form dense rosettes of highly colored leaves and for this reason are admirable plants for carpet and formal bedding. Echeveria secunda, Echeveria glauca, and various hybrids have long been familiar favorites. Recently many new species with highly colored leaves have been discovered in Mexico, some of them as attractive as those now in cultivation. J. N. Ross. EXPLANATION OF Plats. Fig. 1.—Plant. Fig. 2.—Flower, opened to expose stamens and pistil, a ar fs nea ee aerigcs came si ae Si nl On ae cow “, * a nt Cx Rig nN ADDISONIA PLATE 7 ane COLUMNEA GLORIOSA ADDISONIA 13 (Plate 7) COLUMNEA GLORIOSA Scarlet Columnea Native of Costa Rica Family GESNERIACEAR GESNERIA Family Columnea gloriosa T. A. Sprague, Bot. Mag. pl. 8378. 1911. An epiphytic herbaceous perennial, clothed with a copious spreading pubescence which is usually colored, giving the plant a reddish hue, and with pendent or ne stems and large axillary scneiet flowers. The stems are up to two feet long and produce branches near the base. The spreading opposite leaves, on petioles less than one eighth of an inch long, are fleshy, and measure up to one and a quarter inches long and two thirds of an inch wide, rarely larger; they are ovate, with unequal sides, usually rounded or some- what heart-shaped at the base, acute at the apex, revolute on the margins, dark green above, dull purple beneath, with three or four nerves on each side. ‘The flowers are single and erect in the axils of the leaves, and are borne on stout often curved pedicels up to three quarters of an inch long. The five sepals are slightly united below, elliptic to ovate, spreading, fleshy, one quarter to one half of an inch long, acute, with revolute margins. ‘The corolla, which is crimson in i S bud, is rather sparingly covered with long hairs on the outside; it is two or three inches long, with a Bening ise en- largement on the back of the tube near the base. The corolla- tube, which is yellow on the under side, is about ‘ives quarters of an inch long. The limb of the corolla is two-lipped, the lower lip about one inch long, narrow, oblong, obtuse or acutish, entire, the upper lip arched, one and a half to two inches long, about one and a half inches wide, spreading, joursobed, with the lobes obtuse, the lateral ones larger. There are four stamens, which are shorter than the upper lip, with the filaments curved at th whi e and has a two-lobed stigma. The “app, which is about half an inch in diameter, is depressed-globose and appressed- pubescent. This is perhaps the handsomest species of Coumnea, with its glorious scarlet flowers. Like many other members of this genus it grows on trunks of trees in tropical woods, where the humidity is great, and for this reason its successful cultivation demands a tropical house well shaded from the direct rays of the sun. The stems creep over the bark, the branches pendent. It is therefore 14 ADDISONIA successfully cultivated in a basket suspended from the roof of a low house; the hanging branches, bearing a succession of beautiful blossoms during the summer, make it a valuable addition to any collection; it should be prized especially by those who delight in graceful and charming basket plants. Our illustration is from a plant collected in Costa Rica by C. Wercklé, in 1905. The genus Columnea is widely distributed in tropical America, and more than one hundred species are known. ‘These vary con- siderably in habit; some have erect stems, while others, as in the example before us, have creeping stems with pendent branches. Columnea gloriosa belongs to the section Eucolumnea, and sub- section Macrocalyces. Eucolumnea is characterized by the usually small leaves, arranged in pairs, with one sometimes smaller than the other, and a strongly two-lipped corolla which has a narrowly cylindric tube, the upper lip being hood-shaped and formed of the four united lobes. The subsection Macrocalyces is distinguished primarily by the large calyx-lobes, and by the thicker hairy corolla with shorter tube. There are some ten or a dozen species of this subsection known, mostly natives of Central America, the most familiar species being perhaps Columnea Schiedeana Schlecht., from Mexico. GrorGE V. Nasu. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Leaf, under surface, Fig. 3.—Fruit. PLATE 8 ADDISONIA FOUQUIERIA FORMOSA ADDISONIA 15 (Plate 8) FOUQUIERIA FORMOSA Spiked Candlewood Native of southern Mexico Family FougummRIACEAE CANDLEWOOD Family Fouquieria formosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 83. pi. a 1823. Echeveria spicata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 3: 349. 182 Philetaeria sidings: Liebm Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. V. 2: 283. a 1850. A bra flowers borne in spikes. ‘The leaves of the new growths ar are about one and one half inches long, including the petiole which is about one third the length of the leaf. The “‘tiadei is about an inch long half an inch wide, elliptic, abruptly short-pointed at the apex, wedgesharied at the base. Later leaves, which are fascicled in the axils of the spines, are smaller, sessile or nearly so, elliptic, about an inch long, usually less than half an inch wide, rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base. The spikes are six inches long or less, usually bearing not more than a dozen flowers. The green sepals are more or less flushed with red and are broadly oval to orbicular, about three eighths of an inch long. The corolla-tube is about one inch — and somewhat curved, the orbicular lobes pubescent area near the base. The anthers are oblong-ovate, heart-shaped at the base, acute at the apex, ation a quarter of an inch long. The — are united except at the apex and are shorter than the longest stamens. This differs from all the other knownspecies of Fouquieria in having the flowers in a spike instead of a panicle. The plant in our collection, which furnishes this illustration, was collected in 1906 by D. T. Mac- Dougaland J. N. Rose in Tehuacan, Puebla, and — flowered with usin February,1913. Herbarium st een obtained there by C. G. Pringle in 1895, on calcareous hills, at an elevation of 5500 feet; he also collected others at Guadalajara, Jalisco, six years earlier. Unfortunately the precise locality of its first collec- tion by Humboldt and Bonpland was not recorded. There are eight or nine known species of this genus, all inhabiting arid regions in the southwestern United States and Mexico. The New York Botanical Garden has three under cultivation, Fouquieria splendens Engelm. and Fouquieria Macdougalii Nash, in addition to the one here illustrated. They are grown in the greenhouse with 16 ADDISONIA other plants of arid regions, such as cacti and century plants. The leaves of all the species drop periodically, and the plant goes through a resting stage, when it needs little water in its cultivation. The relationship of the family is doubtful. By some it has been treated as a tribe of the tamarix family, while others have regarded it as a closely related but distinct family. To the writer its re- lationship appears to be with the phlox family, Polemoniaceae, as indicated some years ago in a general discussion of this subject (Bull. Torrey Club 30: 449, 1903). Some of the species are used as hedge plants, and for the formation of barriers. Some of the houses of the poorer classes of Mexicans are constructed by making the walls of branches of these plants and thatching the roof with other materials. The Mexican name ocotilla or ocotillo, a diminutive of ocote, a pine tree, is applied to resinous splints of pine wood which are used for torches and candles. The stems and splints of several species of Fouquieria, owing to the presence of resin and wax in the bark, are used for the same purposes, and the Mexicans apply to them the same name. ‘These splints are called ocotillas, and burn with an aromatic fragrance, being carried at funerals and used as candles in illuminating churches. The development of the spines, which are found on all known species of the genus, is interesting and peculiar. In the petioles of the primary leaves, which are produced on the new shoots, a hard tissue is formed, which, upon the withering and separation of the leaf-blades, remains as the spine; it is in the axils of these spines that the fascicles of secondary leaves appear. A detailed account, by Winifred J. Robinson, of the development of these spines was published in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (31: 45. 1904). GrorGE V. Nasa. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Portion of stem, with a leaf. Fig. 3—Flower just opened, the stamens not yet fully developed. Fig. 4.—Stamen. Fig. 5.—Style. ADDISONIA PLATE 9 MAXILLARIA RINGENS ADDISONIA 17 (Plate 9) MAXILLARIA RINGENS Gaping Mazxillaria : Native of southern Mexico and Central America Family ORCHIDACEAE OrcHIp Family Maxillaria ringens Reichb. f.; Walp. Ann. 6: 523. 1863. An epiphytic orchid with pseudobulbs about three quarters of an inch long, somewhat compressed, one- -leaved, with the sheaths at the base up to twice as long as the pseudobulb, brown. The leaves are elliptic-oblong, up to seven inches long and one and a quarter inches wide, and are of a rather dark yellowish-green, acute at the apex, folded at the sessile base. The flower stalk is four to five inches long, many times longer than the pseudobulb, but shorter than the leaves, and is clothed with many-nerved sheaths which touch each other or overlap toward the summit of the stalk, the upper sheaths more or less tinged with dark purple, the uppermost one equaling or a little shorter than the ovary. The stalk bears a single large somewhat nodding flower about one and ican quarters across, the chin at its base about three sixteenths of an inch long, linear, somewhat arched, abruptly narrowed into an acutish point, a trifle over one inch long. The lateral sepals are Sipe Poe ae and a age as the dorsal opal. They are falcate, with the apex bent well focward. The lip is yellowish-white, about five eighths of an inch long and three eighths of an inch wide and oblong-elliptic when spread out. The lateral lobes are about half an inch long, obtuse, the middle lobe being quadrate and much thickened, rounded at apex, crenulate on the margins, of a deep red-brown color, ed do cen i i with an acute apex running along the ee of the lip from just below the apex of the lateral lobes to the The plant which furnishes this eae was secured by W. R. Maxon at Navarro, Costa Rica, in 1906, and has flowered several times in the conservatories of the New York Botanical Garden. Mazillaria ringens was described from herbarium speci- mens secured by Karwinsky in Oaxaca, Mexico, and by Warscewicz in Guatemala; Navarro is several hundred miles further south, and it is with some hesitation, therefore, that our plant is referred to 18 ADDISONIA this species. In the original description measurements and color notes are lacking, but certain details of structure agree with this plant, and it is upon this basis that the association of the plant and name is made. Mazxillaria ringens is said to be related to Maxillaria ochroleuca Lodd., differing in the acute, not acuminate, sepals and in the middle lobe of the lip being much shorter. Grorce V. Nasu. EXPLANATION OF Piate. Fig. 1.—Plant. Fig. 2.—Flower. PLATE 10 NOPALEA AUBERI ADDISONIA UEE alan. ADDISONIA 19 (Plate 10) NOPALEA AUBERI Auber’s Nopal Native of Mexico Family CAcTACEAE Cactus Family Opuntia Aubert Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840. Nopalea Aubert Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. ed. 2. 233. 1850. A tall cactus, sometimes thirty feet high, with a nearly cylindric etnies trunk, not very spiny, but the areoles bearing tufts of brown arbed bristles. The branches are relatively short, and form a angles with the stem; their joints are narrowly o oblong or stot ition pete from four to twelve inches long, a. two e half inches wide, and three quarters of an inch thick, bltsish-¢ amit and slightly ‘glaucous; the areoles, meie Ea ree above the surface of the joints, are circular, bearing white wool and tufts of brown barbed Liebe spineless, or se one or two needle-shaped spines, which become about an inch long and white or nearly so, with sitcoreali “tips: The leaves of this a ee to nearly four inches long. The sepals are ovate, pointed, about half an inch long. The rose-pink petals, closely appressed to the stamens, are ovate-lanceolate, long-pointed, and tom three quarters of an inch to an inch and a half long. The filaments are about half an inch longer asi the petals, the lower part white, but the exposed part pink. The long style i is poo pak with a white circular disk just above the base greenish. The ovary is nearly two inches long, with low tubercles, each bearing many brown barbed bristles which are som nearly half an inch long. ‘The young fruit is deeply concave A the top. Our illustration is from a plant now about five feet high, grown from a cutting collected by J. N. Rose in a canyon near Inguala, State of Guerrero, Mexico, in 1905, and communicated by him; he informs us that the plant was apparently native at this locality. Pfeiffer, at the place of the original description of this plant, attributes it to Cuba, and this habitat is cited by subsequent authors; we have been unable, however, to obtain any evidence that it is native in Cuba; it is sometimes grown in Cuban gardens, as in tropical gardens elsewhere. Neither Juan T. Roig, Botanist of the Cuban Agricultural Experiment Station at Santiago de las 20 ADDISONIA Vegas, nor Brother Leon, of the Colegio de la Salle in Havana, have ever seen the plant growing wild in Cuba, nor has it been seen outside of gardens during any of our Cuban expeditions. Its col- lection by Dr. Rose in a wild state at the locality mentioned in Mexico seems to prove that that country is its home. This cactus grows readily and flowers freely under dry green- house conditions, and its rose-pink flowers are attractive, but its barbed bristles are quite the reverse. In addition to the plant which furnishes our illustration, our collections contain others obtained from M. Simon, of St. Ouen, Paris, and a fine plant pre- sented by Mr. John S. Holbrook. The genus Nopalea consists of about seven recognized species, all, so far as known, natives of Mexico and Central America. The generic name is from Nopal, the Mexican name of the cochineal cactus, Nopalea cochenillifera, which is also applied to other species and to some prickly pears of the genus Opuntia. Nopalea differs from Opuntia in having the petals appressed to the stamens and shorter than them; in Opuntia, the petals spread away from the stamens, and exceed them in length. In so far as our examination of literature has gone, we have found no previous illustration of this species. Its fruit is undescribed, and none of our plants have, as yet, produced mature fruit. N. L. Brirron. PLATE 11 ADDISONIA CRINUM AMERICANUM ADDISONIA #7 (Plate 11) CRINUM AMERICANUM Florida Swamp-lily Naittve of the southern United States and the West Indies Family AMARYLLIDACEAE AMARYLLIS Family Crinum americanum I,. Sp. Pl. 292. 1753. A smooth, somewhat fleshy herbaceous plant with a bulbous base fee which arise six or more arching strap-shaped leaves and a scape bearing an umbel of conspicuous, nearly sessile, creamy white, fragrant, lily-like flowers. ‘The bulb, buried deep in the mud, is ovoid, about three to four inches thick with a short neck formed by the long-persistent leaf-bases. The leaves are dark-green, one to two feet long, one half to two inches broad, or Bo ona me longer and broader, and usually denticitate on the margin, the teeth in- conspicuous and often remote. e scape is moderately ae one or sometimes two feet in height. The flowers are from two to six, commonly four; the tube is greenish, sieniter; straight, and as long as the lobes of the sie sein or longer; the lobes are linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, commonly two and one half to three and one half inches in length and acute at the apex. The Six stamens are spreading, ith pinkish or sometimes reddish-pink ts and linear anthers. This, the only species of Crinum native to the southeastern United States, grows in shaded river swamps or open marshes from Florida to Louisiana and Texas; it is also found in some parts of Cuba and on the Isle of Pines. The species of the genus Crinum occur throughout the wariter regions of both hemispheres; they require widely di conditions of culture, some preferring a tropical atmosphere, while others thrive best at lower temperature. The Florida swamp-lily grows best in arich soil and may be cultivated most successfully at a subtropical temperature in tubs or boxes submerged in water. The accompanying illustration is from a specimen originally collected by N. L. Britton, J. F. Cowell, and F. S. Earle, in a bog along the Rio Damuji in the province of Santa Clara, Cuba, in March, 1911; it first flowered at the New York Botanical Garden in August, 1913. The genus Crinum differs from Amaryllis in the long tube of the flowers, which are nearly sessile in the umbel instead of stalked. The natives of India consider the leaves and bulbs of certain species to be of medicinal value. Percy WILSON. See eee ee ne PLATE; i2 ADDISONIA MEE ston CLETHRA ALNIFOLIA ADDISONIA 23 (Plate 12) CLETHRA ALNIFOLIA Sweet Pepperbush Native of eastern North America Family CLETHRACEAE WHITE ALDER Family Clethra alnifolia I,. Sp. Pl. 396. 1753. A loose, spreading shrub, up to fourteen feet high, the hang covered by a thin red-brown bark, and the twigs minutely canescen The foliage is light green and the flowers are white and deliciously fragrant. The oe borne on short petioles, measure up to four inches in length by half as broad, are obovate, with a tapering base and acute or s Pare apex; the margins are sharply serrate and so! veins mo Sie beneath, usually glabrous. e flowers are s 4-5 inches long, with a few small tiaves at the bse: tt they te “Rightly c crowded and spreading. ‘The pedicels, calyx and capsules are covered with short gray hairs. The petals are five, slightly united at base and longer than the blunt sepals. The ten stasittis have pink anthers. The ovary is 3-an ngled, be- coming a three-lobed capsule, which Specs splits into six valves and remains on the plants all w This plant was first figured by arate Plukenet on plate 15 of the “ Phytographia, seu stirpium illustrium et minus cognitarum icones,’’ published in London in 1691, without indication of the source of his specimens. Subsequently Mark Catesby in his “Natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama islands,” also published in London, in 1731, figured the catbird sitting on a spray of this bush and stated that it endures the climate at Fulham in Christian Gray’s garden. Gronovius in his flora of Virginia also described it, and early records show that it must have been sent to England from Pennsylvania, Virginia and Carolina by various collectors. It is known to grow in the eastern states from Maine to Florida, mostly near the coasts in swamps and wet woods, but it does well in cultivation in dry soil, producing its fragrant clusters of white flowers in July and August. There are only two other species of this genus known in the United States, one, Clethra acuminata, being found in mountain woods of the southern Alleghanies from Virginia to Georgia, and the other, Clethra tomentosa, along the coast from North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Other species occur in the high mountains of Cuba and Jamaica, forming dense masses of shrubbery to the exclusion of almost everything else. Others occur in Mexico and Central America and down through South America to Peru and Chile, while there are still other species in Japan, China and Java. ELIzaBETH G. BRITTON, ADDISONIA PLATE 13 ECHEVERIA CARNICOLOR ADDISONIA 25 (Plate 13) ECHEVERIA CARNICOLOR Flesh-colored Echeveria Native of eastern Mexico Family CRASSULACEAE ORPINE Family Cotyledon carnicolor Baker, in Saund. Ref. Bot. 3: pl. 199. 1870. Echeveria carnicolor E. Morren, Belg. Hort. 24: 158, 1874. A stemless plant, forming a small dense rosette of twenty or more leaves. ‘The leaves are highly colored, flat but fleshy, oblanceolate to spatulate, up to one and a half inches s long, half an inch broad, more or less glaucous, mise e flowering branches, at first spreading, then ascending, a x to eight inches long, and bear numerous narrow fleshy, mally” detected leaves. The six to twelve flowers are borne in the axils of small deciduous bracts. The pedi- cels are short, not more than half an inch long. ‘The five sepals are unequal, fleshy, spreading, acute. ‘The rigid, five-angled corolla is bright red, pointed, a half inch long, the five lobes acute and spreading at the tips. The ten stamens are included in the corolla- tube. ‘There are five carpels. When first cultivated and for a long time afterward the home of this species was not known, but J. G. Baker, who figured and first described it in 1870, suggested that it probably came from Mexico. In 1906 the plant was again introduced into cultivation by C. A. Purpus, who collected it at Barranca de Tenampa, Vera Cruz, where it grows on steep rocks; the plant in the New York Botanical Garden, which forms the basis of our illustration, came from this collection. This species is easily propagated, especially from the small leaves on the flowering stem, which, on falling to the ground, take root readily. J. N. Ross. EXPLANATION OF PLaTe. Fig. 1.—Plant. Fig. 2:—Flower, opened, showing stamens and pistil. ae ss PLATE 14 ADDISONIA , S ‘ M- EEaton _ MINA LOBATA ADDISONIA ae (Plate 14) MINA LOBATA Lobate Mina Native of southern Mexico Family CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING-GLORY Family Mina lobata Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr.1:3. 1824. Quamoclit Mina G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 259. 1837. Ipomoea versicolor Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. '7: 220. 1869. A glabrous vine, climbing after the manner of the morning-glory, up to twenty feet long. The leaves are on long petioles, the blades heart-shaped at the base, acuminate at the apex, or three—five-lobed, the lobes broad oe acuminate, entire or somewhat toothed. ‘The slender curved racemes, in the axils of the leaves, are two and a half to five chee iomtg, simple or sometimes branched at the base. The flowers are all on one side of the raceme, from three quarters of an inch to an inch long, and on short pedicels. The calyx is about three eighths of an inch long, the tube short, the lobes rather unequal, very acute. The five-angled corolla is at first bright red, passing through orange and yellow to nearly white as it matures, the short tube broadening abruptly into the sac-like limb which narrows upward into a small mouth surrounded with five short haw lobes. The stamens are about twice the length of the corolla. The illustration was made from a plant which flowered late in November, 1915, in the conservatories of the New York Botanical Garden. This plant was grown from seed collected at Chihuahua, Mexico, by A. de Lautreppe. It is a very decorative plant, much cultivated in Mexico for its showy flowers. Until the flowers zine it does not look unlike an ordinary morning-glory vine, the of growth and the leaves bearing a striking resemblance & that plant. When it blooms the resemblance ceases, for the blossoms are very unlike those of the morning-glory, as the accom- panying illustration makes manifest. It is apparently an annual, as are many other members of the morning-glory family. It can be grown readily from seed. GerorGE V. NAsH. PLATE 15 ME Eaten, CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM ADDISONIA ADDISONIA (Plate 15) CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM Japanese Clerodendron Native of Japan Family VERBENACEAE VERVAIN Family Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 256. 1784. Clerodendron serotinum Carr. Rey. Hort. 1867: 351. 1867. inches long, two to three inches wide, ovate, wedge-shaped or heart- shaped at the base, gradually long-pointed at the apex. The divi- sions of the flower-cluster are woolly, the pedicels slender, one quarter to a half inch long. The calyx is five-angled, about one half inch beyond the mouth of the tube. The fruit is bright blue. Although this plant, in the vicinity of New York, is sometimes killed to the ground in severe winters, it readily recovers, breaking from the roots quite vigorously. Flowering in September and October, a time when there are few shrubs in blossom, it is a valuable addition to any collection of woody plants. The old-rose calyx forms a pleasing contrast with the white corolla, the combination being quite unusual. South of the latitude of New York it should prove entirely hardy. In the fruticetum of the New York Botanical Garden there are two specimens of this plant which have been in the collections since 1900. There are few woody genera of the vervain family which are hardy in the latitude of New York City, this and three others, Vitex, one species of which is figured at plate 18 of this work, Callicarpa, and Caryopteris. Clerodendron comprises about one hundred species, distributed for the most part in tropical and warm temperate regions. Those in cultivation are mainly shrubs; a few are woody vines, one of these, Clerodendron Thomsonae, being a popular greenhouse plant. The species here under consideration is the only one which will endure the climate of New York. GrorGE V. Nasu. ADDISONIA PLATE 16 NOTYLIA SAGITTIFERA ADDISONIA 31 (Plate 16) NOTYLIA SAGITTIFERA Arrow-head Notylia Native of Panama and northern South America Family ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID Family Pleurothallis sagittifera H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 364. pl. 91. 1816. Notylia multiflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11: under pi, 930. 1823. Notylia sagittifera Link, KI. & Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. 43. 1840. Notylia pentachne Reichb. f. Bonplandia 2: 90. 1854. An epiphytic orchid with pseudobulbs up to an inch long, each earing one leaf. The elliptic- rage sagt up to six inches long and an in hy and a quarter wide, ather dark green; they are somewhat varrawed toward the pos and folded shee. and are abruptly narrowed to an obtuse or somewhat acute apex. The numerous flowers, about a half inch in diameter and on reflexed pedicels about a half inch long, arise from the axils of awl-shaped short bracts, and form a somewhat drooping raceme about six inches long; the raceme is on a stalk about half its length, provided with afewscales. The oe sepals are apple-green, about three eighths of an inch long, the dorsal sepal somewhat arched and meat, acute, the lateral sae united into a somewhat arched concave body, the tips free and recurved. he petals, acute and nearly erect, are about five sixteenths of an inch long, and a little ore than a sixteenth of an inch wide, pale yellowish green with two large yellow. spots on the lower half, curved, flat. The lip is about a quarter of an inch long, ascending, half it is length a rather stout claw; the blade is triangular-hastate, ebORE’ an eighth of an inch wide, fleshy, acute, white. The column, which a little shorter than the lip, is minutely oo with the acute beak recurved. There are two pollinia on a slender stalk which is broadened toward the apex. Related to Notylia incurva Lindl., a native of Trinidad, in the abruptly incurved beak of the column, but differing in the shape of the lip and in the recurved, not straight, free tips of the lateral sepals. Notylia sagittifera was first collected by Humboldt and Bonpland at Turbaco, Colombia, near the mouth of the Magdalena River, where it was found growing on trees at an elevation of about one thousand feet. By its discoverers it was placed in the genus Pleurothallis. Lindley, recognizing that it was not congeneric with Pleurothallis, in 1823 established the genus Notylia, basing it upon Pleurothallis punciata Ker, a native of Trinidad, and Pleurothallis ¢ 32 ADDISONIA sagtttifera, renaming the latter Notylia multiflora. In 1854 Reichen- bach published a Notylia pentachne which had been collected by a Mr. Keferman at Chagres, Panama; this plant proves to be the same as that collected by Humboldt and Bonpland. The plant from which our illustration was prepared was collected by A. J. Corbett at Limon, Panama, in 1914; it flowered for the first time in the con- servatories of the New York Botanical Garden about the middle of December of that year. Notylia is distributed from southern Mexico to Bolivia and south-central Brazil, with a few in the West Indies. ‘There have been about forty species described, but perhaps not all of these will prove valid. Few of them are in cultivation. Notylia sagit- tifera is apparently an inhabitant of the low-lying hot regions near the coast, and should be grown in the tropical orchid house. GrorRGE V. NASH. EXPLANATION OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Plant. Fig. 2.—Flower, the petals and dorsal sepal removed, X 2, Fig. 3.—Flower, from above, X 2. ¥ ADDISONIA PLATE 1 EXOGONIUM MICRODACTYLUM ADDISONIA 33 (Plate 17) EXOGONIUM MICRODACTYLUM Slender Red Exogonium Native of Florida and the northern West Indies Family CONVOLVULACEAE MOorRNING-GLORY Family Ipomoea microdactyla Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 204. 1866. Ipomoea fuchsioides glabra Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 205. 1866. (According to House.) Exogonium microdactylum House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 102. 1908. Exogonium microdactylum integrifolium House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 103. 1908. A glabrous, slightly succulent, trailing or climbing vine, some- times spinulose, with flattened triangular short spines near the base, sparingly br renckiag, and attaining a length of ten feet or more, arising from a thick, tuber-like root which is rtp six inches long. The vslender-petiled eine leaves are ous in form and outline, ovate to lanceolate or oblong, and ihe sitting or palmately lobed or almost divided, or with a pair of short basal lobes; the blades are longer than the petioles, sometimes four inches dong usually shorter. The pedicelled flowers are in small clusters r solitary at the leaf-axils; these clusters are often numerous and Riooh together along the upper part of the plant. The green calyx is about a quarter of an inch long, composed of five round-ovate, obtuse sepals. The scarlet, deep red, or carmine salverform corolla has a slender tube one inch to one and a half inches long, somewhat thicker above than below, and a widely spreading limb about one inch across, with five broadly ovate, pointed lobes. The five stamens and the stigmas project somewhat beyond the corolla-tube. The ovary is sae The fruit is a nearly globular, pointed Sites about half an inch thick, containing about four flat seeds about one- quarter of an inch long, each of which bears a tuft of cotton-like, brownish hairs. This vine inhabits poor soil, rocky, gravelly, or sandy, in southern Florida, nearly throughout the Bahama Islands, and in all provinces of Cuba, extending to the Isle of Pines. A similar, perhaps iden- tical, species occurs on the limestone plateau of Mona Island, in the Mona Passage, between Santo Domingo and Porto Rico, but the specimen collected there is not complete enough for certain identification (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2:47). OnInagua Island, Bahamas, it is called ‘‘ wild potato.”’ In Florida its distribution is wholly or mainly in pinelands, as also on the Isle of Pines, but in the Bahamas and Cuba it grows over large areas in which pine trees do not exist. 34 ADDISONIA The flowers are showy and when many on a vine are expanded at the same time form an elegant floral display; they appear more or less abundantly nearly throughout the year, and resemble those of the cypress-vine. It was first described as a distinct species from specimens collected by Charles Wright in western Cuba about 1865. On the Bahamas it was collected much earlier by Swainson, and thence, apparently erroneously, recorded by Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 472) as Ipomoea arenaria Steudel, a plant of Porto Rico, Hispaniola and the northern Lesser Antilles. Its occurrence in Florida was determined by J. K. Small and J. J. Carter in 1903. Our illustration is made from a plant collected on rocky hills near the city of Camaguey, Cuba, by N. L. Britton and J. F. Cowell, in April, 1912, which flowered at the New York Botanical Garden in November, 1914. N. L. Brirron. EXPLANATION OF Piate. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2—Flower. Fig. 3.—Capsule. Fig. 4—Seed. PLATE 18 ADDISONIA VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS ADDISONIA 35 (Plate 18) VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS Chaste Tree Native of the Mediterranean Region and the Orient Family VERBENACEAE VERVAIN Family Vitex Agnus-castus I,. Sp. Pl. 638. 1753. A freely branching shrub, rarely a small tree, four to six feet tall in cultivation, with palmately divided leaves and lavender flowers in spike-like clusters. The stems are densely pubescent with short ch surface grayish with a velvety pubescence; the petioles are one to two inches long. ‘The leaf-blades are divided into five or seven lanceolate segments with entire margins, the central segment the largest, up to three or four inches long or more and about one half inch wide, the others decreasing in size, the smallest ones often less than an inch long. They are gradually narrowed above into a sharp point and are acute at the base, on short stalks a quarter of an inch long or less. ‘The flower-clusters are long and narrow, up to shaped, less than one twelfth of an inch long, gray-green, finely pubescent, with five minute teeth. The corolla is about one third of an inch long, lavender, grayish-tomentose outside, the tube gradually broadened above into a spreading five-lobed limb, the lobes obtuse or acutish. The stamens and style are exserted from the corolla-tube. The fruit is nearly globular, about an eighth of an inch in diameter. One of the best of our summer shrubs, bearing in terminal and axillary clusters a profusion of lavender flowers. It is at its prime in the months of August and September, the bronze-purple color- ation of the foliage which appears in the latter month adding to its beauty. During severe winters it is not quite hardy in the latitude of New York City, the branches sometimes being killed, or the whole shrub destroyed to the ground. It soon recovers, however; the plant from which the accompanying illustration was made has been in the collections of the New York Botanical Garden since 1907. It will grow in almost any kind of soil, but prefers situations dry and sunny. It may be propagated by seeds sown in the spring, by green-wood cuttings under glass, and by layers. A number of common names are applied to this plant. In addi- tion to the one above it is also known as Abraham’s balm, hemp 36 ADDISONIA tree, monk’s peppet-tree, chaste-lamb tree, sage tree, and tree of chastity. The specific name, Agnus-castus, is supposed to mean chaste lamb. About one hundred species of Vitex are known, distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. Some of them are trees, contributing valuable timber; one of these is Vitex Lignum-vitae, the lignum-vitae of Queensland; another is Vitex litoralis, known as New Zealand teak or puriri, the timber obtained from which is considered indestructible in water. In the New World veuche is Vitex capiaia, of Trinidad, Guiana and Brazil, known there as “bois lézard’’; another American species is Vitex umbrosa, of the West Indies, one of the trees known there as box- wood or fiddlewood. GrorGcE V. Nasu. EXPLANATION OF Pate. Fig. 1.—Flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Fruit, x 3. ADDISONIA PLATE 19 OPUNTIA MACRORRHIZA ADDISONIA 37 (Plate 19) OPUNTIA MACRORHIZA Large-rooted Prickly Pear Native of the south-central United States Family CACTACEAE Cactus Family Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 206. 1850. Opuntia fusiformis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 297. 1856. Opuntia Rafinesquet fusiformis Engelm. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:43. 1857. Opuntia mesacantha macrorhiza Coulter, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 3: 430. 1896. Opuntia xanthoglochia Griffiths, Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 166, 1910. Opuntia Roseana Mackensen, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 142. 1911. A low cactus about a foot high or less, branching from the base, the branches nearly or quite prostrate, or ascending, forming clumps up to three or four feet in diameter. The roots are thick, tuber- like, often clustered, sometimes two inches in diameter or more. The flattened joints are obovate or nearly orbicular, dull green, from two inches to about six inches long, usually a little longer than wide and about half an inch thick, with slightly scalloped margins. The leaves, which as in most prickly pears away soon after appearing, are awl-shaped, pointed, half an inch long or less. The areoles, situated in the axils of the leaves, on the sides and the edges ovate-lanceolate, pointed, three quarters of an inch long or less; the yellow, with a red or purplish base. The numerous stamens are much shorter than the petals, with greenish or yellowish filaments and small, yellow anthers. The five or six nearly white or pale green stigmas are shorter than the slender style. The fruit, ripe in autumn, is narrowly obovoid, red or purplish, two inches long or less, half an inch to nearly one inch thick. The seeds are about one sixth of an inch broad, and margined. Opuntia macrorhiza has its nearest relatives in Opuntia austrina Small, of southern Florida, an erect species with strongly scalloped joints, and in Opuntia iortispina Engelm., which has a wide range in the central United States, and is usually much more spiny, and with fibrous roots. It is a member of the series Tortispinae, to which 38 ADDISONIA belongs the Prickly Pear of the Eastern States, Opuntia Opuntia (Linnaeus) H. Karst., the type of the genus. It inhabits poor soil in Texas and Arkansas, has been reported to extend northward into Missouri and Kansas, and may range east- ward into Louisiana. It was discovered by Ferdinand Lindheimer in 1847, in naked, sterile, rocky places on the Upper Guadalupe River, Texas. It does not respond well to greenhouse cultivation, and is not hardy at New York; it has long been grown in gardens of southern Europe. The plant from which our illustrations were made was sent from Kerrville, Texas, by Mr. B. Mackensen, in 1910, and flowered at the New York Botanical Garden in Febru ry, 1912, ripening its fruit in May; it is a part of the collection which Mr. Mackensen named Opuntia Roseana. Recently (Plant World 19: 141-144. 1916) Dr. David Griffiths has expressed the opinion that the type of this species has been misinterpreted by botanists since its original description in 1850 by Dr. Engelmann and that the name macrorhiza belongs to another Texan species, O. Mackenseni Rose, which also grows at Kerrville, Texas. References to the type specimen, however, preserved in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and to the original description do not satisfactorily support his contention. The plant was well illustrated by Dr. Engelmann on plate 69 of the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey report, published in 1859, and has since been depicted in several other publications, but not hitherto in color. Opuntia leptocarpa Mackensen (Bull. Torrey Club 38: 141. 1911), a plant found at San Antonio, Texas, which has flowered several times at the New York Botanical Garden, appears to bea natural hybrid between this species and Opuntia Lindheimeri Engelm. N. L. BRITTON. EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Fig. 1,—Joint with fruit. Fig. 2—Joint with PLATE 20 ADDISONIA COMMELINA COMMUNIS ADDISONIA 39 (Plate 20) COMMELINA COMMUNIS Asiatic Day-flower Native of eastern Asia Family COMMELINACEAE SPIDERWORT Family Commelina communis L. Sp. Pl. 40. 1753. An annual, rather fleshy herb, nearly et and bright green throughout, forming in late summer and early autumn dense luxuri- ant colonies adorned with odd seemingly ee spetaled sky-blue flowers. The jointed stems are much branched; from a creeping base, rooting at each joint, they soon become ascending or upright, one to three feet in length. The numerous spreading alternate leaves are borne on petioles which form about the stem loose sheaths an inch long, with margins fringed with whitish hairs; the blades are slightly fleshy, three to five inches long, with numerous parallel veins, s mooth or roughish and deep green above, rough on the i smooth and slightly paler beneath, lanceolate in outline, tapering gradually to an attenuate point. The flowers are in peduncled clusters. Each cluster bears at its base a sheathing orbicular or heart-shaped leaf, the spathe, the two halves of which fold together so as to enclose the maturing and mature fruit. The inflorescence is of two stalks, one erect, projecting from the spathe, bearing a flower which opens the first but never sets fruit, the other horizontal within the spathe, bearing an umbel of three or four short-pedicelled flowers. These flowers open serially on successive days; as buds they are decurved below the common peduncle, as flowers they are slightly exserted from the spathe, and as maturing fruits they are reflexed above the peduncle; they all mature fruit. The three sepals of each flower are ovate, rounded at apex, greenish- white, less than a quarter-inch long, the upper smaller and narrower. The two upper petals are nearly one half inch long, spreading, broadly rounded, rich caerulean blue, borne upon stalk-like bases; the lower petal is sities smaller, lanceolate, translucent white. There are six stamens, two of which have long upcurved filaments a larger anther, artly nag om but partly transformed into La 8 B ct Be G 8 5 a pa o Pe 5 S shortest, all bearing an itevile foie yellene lobes. The style is slender, upcurved, and minute stigma. The fruit is an oblong glabrous two-celled capsule, eats cell of which contains two roughish gray seeds. This interesting plant was known in European Gardens before 1700, and by Dillenius, who knew it in the Sherard garden at Eltham, 40 ADDISONIA in Kent, England, was supposed to have come from America. Linnaeus, who assigned the species its scientific name in 1753, sup- posed it American. ‘The plant was long unknown in a wild state, until it was discovered to be a characteristic plant of China; doubt- less native to the Eastern and not the Western Hemisphere. About the middle of the past century it was noted as a rare introduction in gardens near Philadelphia; it has since spread and become an abundant weed in many parts of the eastern United States. It prefers moist rich loam, and is known from Massachusetts to the Carolinas and westward at least to Missouri. The plant here illustrated was collected by the artist, Miss Mary E. Eaton, along a roadside near the New York Botanical Garden, in 1913. There is something odd, almost grotesque, about the unsymmet- rical blue flowers of the common or Asiatic day-flower, especially when, as often happens, the first two flowers of each inflorescence, placed one precisely above the other, peer at you from a mass of luxuriant foliage like alert but most unnatural faces. The flowers last but a few hours during the morning of a single day; by noon in sunshine the petals have deliquesced into a crumpled watery mass. Commelina is a large tropical genus, and may be known by the peculiar flowers clustered within spathe-like leaves. At times the third petal is blue and but little smaller than the others. Such is the case in two species of our southeastern states; C. virginica L., a large broad-leaved perennial species of river-banks and shores, and C. longicaulis Jacq., a small-flowered widely creeping weed of southern and tropical gardens. Commelina erecta I,., and a few near allies, with flowers similar to that here illustrated, but fre- quently much larger, and to be known by their hairy sheaths and cup-like spathes, complete, except for the rare C. caroliniana Walt., the number of our native eastern species. These are all southern, but C. erecta has been found as far north as New York City. The species of Commelina are all easily grown in loam or sand. RANCIS W. PENNELL. PLATE 21 ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA ADDISONIA ADDISONIA 41 (Plate 21) ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA Moschatel Native of North America, Europe, and Asia Family ADOXACEAE MoscHateEy Family Adoxa Moschatellina I,. Sp. Pl. 367. 1753. A weak, glabrous perennial herb, three i six inches tall, with slender stems and scaly rootstock. ‘There are from one to three long-petioled, ternately compound, glossy Ont LEAVES: their seg- ments ar adly ovate to orbicular, thin, ee or three- mucronulate. The two opposite stem-leaves are similar to the root-leaves but smaller, less cut, and c comparatively short-petioled, and usually borne above the middle of the stem; they are merely usually has a two-toothed calyx, a four-lobed corolla, eight stamens, and four styles; the lateral flowers usually have a three-toothed calyx, a five-lobed corolla, ten stamens, and five styles. The calyx-tube is hemispheric and adnate to the ovary. ‘The wheel- shaped corollas are almost a quarter of an inch in diameter, the lobes elliptic to ovate. The stamens are borne in pairs opposite the sinuses of the corolla. The filaments are adnate to the ss at mn E g Eh 4 0 Fe Oo a. Lan 9 = ft. S ct et 3 Q o = o ay ~f a a anther three-part stem is often spirally twisted and the head becomes pendulous. The fruit is a small greenish drupe with three to five nutlets. One might readily pass this interesting plant in the woods, as at a casual glance it somewhat resembles clumps of the wind flower, Anemone quinquefolia. Its flowers are said to have a musky smell in the evening, or early morning, when moist with dew. It is found from Arctic America south to New York, Iowa, and Wisconsin, and in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado; also widely distributed in Europe and Asia. Specimens were collected by Miss Fanny A. Mulford at Arkville, Delaware County, New York, in July, 1903, and again in June, 1912. On the mountains at Arkville, Adoxa grows luxuriantly in moist rich soil along some of the trails or in leaf-mould covering rocks on 42 ADDISONIA some of the slopes. The region about Arkville is the only known locality for this plant in the state of New York. The accompanying illustration was made from living specimens obtained at Arkville, New York, by Miss Mulford and the writer in May, 1915. PERCY WILSON. EXPLANATION OF PLate. Fig. 1.—Plant. Fig. 2.—Apex of fruiting stem. 22 ADDISONIA PLATE ME Eaton SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANUM ADDISONIA 43 (Plate 22) SISYRINCHIUM BERMUDIANA Bermuda Iris Native of Bermuda Family IRIDACEAE Irs Family Sisyrinchium Bermudiana L. Sp. Pl. 954. 1753. Sisyrinchium iridoides Curtis, Bot. Mag. 3: pl. 94. 1787. In dry sunny places, very abundant in Bermuda, and the most characteristic herbaceous plant of those islands, where it is endemic, flowering in spring. For many years, and until the many continental species of Sisyrinchium were known to botanists, mainly through the studies of Eugene P, Bicknell, the Bermuda plant was regarded as the same as North American kinds, a view which has been proven quite erroneous. As pointed out by Hemsley in 1884 (Jour. Bot. 22: 108-110), the Bermuda species does not grow wild elsewhere, but the early botanists were right in considering it distinct; it doubtless originated however from seed of one of the continental species brought to Bermuda by a bird or on the wind, the plant becoming differentiated through isolation from its parent-stock. Among liv- ing species it more resembles Sisyrinchium alatum Hooker, of Mexico, than any of the species of the eastern United States or the West Indies, but it would not be safe to conclude that S. alatum was its immediate ancestor. The oldest known specimen of this beautiful and interesting plant is one collected by J. Dickenson about 1699, preserved in the Sloane herbarium at the British Museum of Natural History. tt ADDISONIA Early illustrations of it are given by Plukenet (Phytographia ?l. 61, f. 2) and by Dillenius (Hortus Elthamensis pl. 41, f. 48), who denominated it “‘Bermudiana iridis folio, radice fibrosa,”’ and a fine colored picture by Redouté (Liliacées pl. 149). he iris-like equitant leaves begin to appear in September. The plant is not hardy in England nor in the northeastern United States, but it would probably grow well in southern Florida. Plants taken to the New York Botanical Garden flowered freely under glass, and from one of these the painting for our illustration was made N. L. BRITTON. PLATE 23 ADDISONIA a COLUMNEA HIRTA ADDISONIA 45 (Plate 23) COLUMNEA HIRTA Hairy Columnea Native of Costa Rica Family GESNERIACEAE GESNERIA Family Columnea hirta Kiotzsch & Hanst.; Hanst. Linnaea 34: 403. 1865. As in many other members of the genus, the stems of this plant, which are covered with long brown hairs tinged with purplish, creep upon tree-trunks, the tips hanging free. The hairy opposite leaves have petioles one quarter to three eighths of an inch long; the entire or obscurely toothed blades are narrowly elliptic, up to two inches long and a half inch wide, the apex obtuse, narrowed below into an acutish base. The flowers are single in the axils of the leaves, up to three inches long. The hairy calyx is three quarters of an inch long or a little less, its lobes lanceolate, acute and entire. The hairy corolla is vermilion, marked with orange, and is two-lipped; thet upper lip of four lobes, the two upper united into an erect arching hood to which the other two are somewhat attached at the base; the lower lip of one spreading lobe. The curved, gradually broadened upward. The stamens are a little shorter than the c ee the iapicnts glabrous. The style is curved and hairy Pee In 1900 C. seat sent living plants, itbout data indicating the exact locality, from Costa Rica to the New York Botanical Garden; the illustration was prepared from one of these which flowered in the conservatories of this institution in March, 1915. Herbarium specimens of the same species were collected in 1906 by W. R. Maxon at Finca Navarro, about seven miles to the southeast of Cartago, at an altitude of about 4,500 feet. This species belongs to the section Eucolumnea, and is closely related to Columnea gloriosa T. A. Sprague, figured at plate 7 of this volume. Its cultural requirements are the same, and it forms, as does that species, an admirable basket plant. GEORGE V. Nasu. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering stem. Fig. 2—Flower in bud. Fig. 3.—Pistil. eee