J ‘dn y / | s ak E FLORA ' udi 5 See Sage dés. a: ae > Teal ags NORTH AMERICA, £2 9 à F.A , s Lar eg tos y -— rc REG —— P s Nm F. EXOGENOUS OR à DICOTYLEDONOUS BLANY i -7 CONTINUED. e Szoros I. MONOPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. m Floral envelopes consisting of both calyx and corolla; the u composed of united petals* (rmonapessinns or gam é ous). ee ^ A x I. Saye adherent to the ovary (ovary inferior). t "s CONSPECTUS OF THE Poa IN THIS DIVISION. = * Ovary with 2 or more cells, a d lm e d Stamens inserted upon y Stipe none. d E Cbürrocn ia Stipules interpetiolar, or Sig the leaves. =a : f Stipules? 2 1 to 3 on each side, entirely similato z "os leaves and forming wi - a verücil. Y = Stipules seen the petioles! a * cohere pm X A few —1 pests of Ptumbaginac, s some Asner, polypetalous, or » a few bine pa : : w Ru *otary x pibe Lo mue l " CAPRIFOLIACER. l 5o Lmwza. Qd ze t 4 3 > * * Ovary with a single k and asolitary ovule, or rarely du 3 cells, two : Y which are enpty. Seeds with little or no albumen. Fruit indehiscent. stinct. Seed suspended. ers not in involucrate*heads. Albumen none. 74. VALERIANACER. _ Heads dense, involucrate. Seeds: al us, 75. DipsaceBy ^ ens syngenesious. Heads involucra =a 76. Composirz. © ^ q : ore Ora with one or several Velle, and mumerós ovules. Stamens 1 x EE ‘with the corolla. Prodi capsular. Seeds mostly à = ünous. Corolla irregular. Stamens united. | P S. TT. LowucrB: x. Corolla regular. Stamens mostly distinct. e e. 10: AL. 2 | Corolla regular, 5-parted. Anthers sessile. ~- x os. Podesta” ^ Ss A " pe EN am CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss; DO. Theo Er adherent to the o E 5 the limb 5- (rarely 4- ) . eleft or —€— Valls E es or somet e5 rotate ; the lobes im- bricate in æs r and alternate with om deficient), and inserted X anthers introrse, versatile,” Ovary 9- (rarely 4—5-) several pendulous ovules in each cell: style filiform, | j capitate stigma ; or wanting, and the oblong stigmas _ _ 3-5. Fruit baccate, fleshy, or sometimes dry (rarely capsular), often + | 1-celled by abortion, Seeds anatropous. Aes in the axis of — a ce en.—Shrubs, or rarely herbaceous pl w 5 opposite a E eaves. Infoseite vege > M oe : sa? e "e og TES E ERE _ Subaibe I Carnon —Fruit baccate, or Bou neatly dry. ta of the seed erust à ceous. .. ONE 2 : no. 774 ; DC. prodr. i prodr, 4, p340. E ee limb lanceolate-subul ate. vino oe somewhat ei í dii Saa A oe a A l va B = y , y " ^ at LINNEA. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. 3 — . with broadly oval sparingly erenate-toothed leaves, abruptly narrowed into a petiole. Peduncles filiform, terminating the ascending branches, bearing two pedicellate (minutely bibracteolate) nodos flowers. Mer, Lair: . rose-color or nearly white. «e nod. boreali Saera "Lon Lapp. p. 214, t. 19, f. 4, fl. Suec. ed. 2. si p. 219 A od i Spec. 2 j. Dan. L3; Schkuhr, ‘handb: t. 176; s All. 1.536; Engl. bot pp. p E 1 Pu At Richards. appx i v (A. Lond. n. ser. t.199 a. l.p. 285. [oist mossy woods, usually under the shade of a from dis Arc- — tic Circle to the New England. Rs! New Aan New J ersey ! (in a cedar swamp near New Durham, M enard,) and the mountains of o sylvania; and from Newfoundland! and Labrador! to the _ tains! Oregon! Unalaschka and Kotzebue's Sound! June-July.— filiform, sending up numerous short nches. ~ deai about DUM ed "ind larly the calyx-tube a n ressed bra clot ed wil h ol; Corolla hairy ndi pretending ud gine al plani from its association Ur d Linneus, ed asw ets tmd out the northern gon of the new, as ofthe o <3 2. sxurnioni@anres Dill. Elth. p.371. 1.278; DC. prod Symphoria, Pers. ‘es, v. ee : Calyx-tube Sont the limb 4-5-toothed, persistent. Corolla infundibu- - lifor or campanulate, somewhat regularly 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, in: = serted into the throat of the corolla. Ovary 4-celled ; two of the cells with several abortive ovules; the two others (opposite) : each with a single fertile * agp ovule pendulous from the summit. Stigma capitate. Fruit a globose id berry, 4-celled ; two opposite cells 1-seeded, the others empty. Seed? bna. = —Sm all ein shrubs (natives of America and Mexico) ; with + eaves on short petioles. mall, bibracteolate, in short - Ev" axillary. uses or terminal spikes. € aed ere or white. Berries à uie 3 a ? MC e rminal, loose, interrupted, often so . e5 Style D NUS su Park i ers (mostly on inco ge States! to Oregon . & Arn. bot. Beech hos Ie, ] t. 3 ae * $ Pi * k, Bd. uo. E . -NE ` " E. m i X * a a t- CAPRIFOLIACER. "^ SYMPHORICARPUS. e S. occidentalis (R. qom) s spikes oui terminal and. axillary, n nod- - Æ din sely bearded within: stamens | d (commphat bearded) ` ek exserted. Tk Br. in Richards. ! appt. —- j Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 6 ; d Wi country of British Brie Tee 5 and Saskatchawan i S (Drummond !) to the sources of the Mississippi, Dr. Houghton ! and near ort Gratiot, ae Dr. Pitcher ! Also Oregon, Douglas. (Hook.) June Ju uly.—Shrub 1-4 feet high. Leaves ovate, 1-3 inches long, somewhat . he airy above, pubescent underneath, — Neen the petioles about one- E third of an e e ong. Spikes nearly se Calyx-teeth minutely ciliate. — - -. Corolla ; rplish and white, larger than in ihe pe peta and the border miore ~ "Bprea D. ** Berries White, remaining on the plant during the autumn and » . winter. "Dr. Pitcher.— Wolf-Berry of the Canadians. Tom aris (Michx.): spikes axill : almost _ Sessile, capitate-glo- Crude MS ME 3 sone ide; stamens a. and (bearded) by included.— Mic. rfl. n J- pa LN ie -p | é flora, Desf. cat. hort. Par, "gene © Symphoricarpos, Linn. 7 spec. 1. p 4 noc 175. gw. Lo. dear Pers. a Pe 214. S. a Purs l- exp Nutt. ! 9; Torr. tfi.1 " anks of ri me PRdeylvanin (Miultenfora) Virginia and mountains of . the Southern States! to the Upper Missouri (Nuttall! Dr. James!) and — ~ exas, Drummond! July-Sept.—Shrub 2-3 feet hich, with erect - ari f lé pubesee ent branches. Leaves about an inch and a ha If long, roundish-oval i or ovate, mucronate, ke 2d hairy above, tomentose-pubescent beneath. : mE much shorter n the leaves. Corolla 2 lines long, greenish-red; the tube bearded in den Cosas arta the size of a small currant, defi red m ( luish- purple, Nutt.) — Indian Curran S. mollis s (Nutt.! mss. y “racemes very short, towards the summit of. the branches, n ly sessile ; corolla, glabrode inside; calyx conspicuous ; e hoa villous un ~ leaves oval or ovate, obtuse, pubesc ry and softly | BN demes . * " E. St. Barb omnia ; common.—Nearly to the preceding; but with small on ie oe flowers and a conspi allied to calyx. Flowers des : — ” - Nuttall. res spikes x very short, was the summit of — | Bigeduncalate: = esse leaves ` ^n 5. S. ci s -—- [T : derneath; c very sm te reddish.- Flowers i nsiderably vas: bat differs in the leaves being Sotalia at ase and . Nuttall j 'ICERA. = Desf. fl. Atl. 1. p. 183; Dc. prodr. ` ylosteon, Caprifoliam, Chameecerasus, E iil wr. ^R E " Calyx- tube eiue iiobis: baiiia hiat Commie 4 r, infundibulifo: or campanulate, often gibbous at the base; the limb 5- ee early regular, or ringent. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled, with sever- . al pendulous ovules in each cell. Stigma capitate. Berry 2-3-celled, or by x obliteration 1 d, few-see See | Lonicera ` - 5^ CAPRIFOLIACEX. 5 $1. Stem climbing: leaves often connate : lowers sessile, in verticillate- capitate clusters: berries never connate, often 1-celled when mature, crowne ad with the persistent limb of the calyxr-—CAPRIFOLIUM, Juss. . ^ * Corolla nearly regular. (Periclymenum, Tourn.) . L. sempervirens (Ait.): leaves oblong and hebr piisk, r penae = Te glaucous and sliehtl pu Turn underne ath; thel somewhat (ed. 1) L. p. 230; Walt. Car. p. 131; Bot. mag. t. 781, & 1753; Bot. ot. reg. | oh 556; Torr.! fl. 1. p. y: DC. prodr. 4. p. 432. Ča prifolium sempervi rens, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 10 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 160 ; Ell. sk. 1 orders of dep Island of New York! to, Geo m Flerida! and - Saphistana: April-Oct. (in the E States.) em t "n over Hon or docete prostrate. Leaves 14 to nearly 3 inches long; the upper 1-2 — inches wide ; the lower Siento almost lanceolate. Pedur den 1-2 inches, ons orls owy, inodoro leaves are somewhat DL the case with the native plant in the - Southern States.—Scarlet aise es T. Hiisesoite, t ys EA ciliosa Ariani aye eie Ae beneath, cons; m, Pursh ! ^ ned regon ; on ee Koos koosky, Love? and alon ng the e Oregon from the Falls to the sea, Nutiall/—We have see n the original specimens in Mr. Lambert's herbarium, but as e not means of completing the diagnosis between this and the following species. "The flowers has bright yellow, according to Mr. 2 ; who alone seems to have im with the plant, subscqueliy to mantas PRSE ma rm nearly sessile, Due. 2 cous underneath; upper ones counate-perfoliate ; aay m gis con S; coroll a (orange-red) glabrous; the tube elongated, ish e the early equal; stamens somewhat Po r^ pe p. 282. Capi Eua E HEN tg the. „upper lip E oh ir: m Crisis Natives of the United States and Canada. es es CAPRIFOLIACER. 5 LONICERA. filaments glabrous rx .C.; Willd. spec. 1. p. 984 ; DC. prodr. 4. p 332; E VET ! fl. Cest. p. 159. Canain Es ai Pursh, f. 1. p. 10; Ell. sk. 1. p - ana, Dr. Hale! ** Mountai o Ca wolina," Pursh. May.— about "inches ye ation nn or e. leaves (small and rather crowded) : vie glabrou s, glaucous beneath; the upper pair connate-perfoliate ; the rs distinct, eau: owers in small ae heads; tube of the glabrous EM slender; not gibbous; filaments gla . rairies near Fort Towson, on the kanse D r. Leavenworth !—Climb- ing over bushes and small trees. Leaves less than an inch long, rather rigid. Corolla ** white," about thitee-fourtha of an-inch long; the lower oou scarcely half the length of the Bander tube. Stamens somewhat exserted.— A ava (Sims): sae and somewhat glaucous; stem scarcely a iia leaves ovate, o vate, or oval, with a narrow Cartilaginous. margin; the upper pairs conna oa liate; the lowest distinct; flowers in small heads or ns: ote ate wh: tube of the gla cms corolla ae not gib- "DO o Con glabrous.—Sims, bot. mag. t orr. fl. 1. p. 943 C Caprifolium. Fraseri, Pursh! di © 160. C. f flavunf, Ell. sk. more glaueous 3 the lower — ons narrowed at the base; tube of the corolla rather short d stoute Ew ee * Rocky pese of reer p untiin $ New York, 5 Pursh; and Paris OE S. Carolina, Fras in distriets of G orgia, - Boykin! - B. M— RE above: Col Col us, Ohio, Mr. Sullisant! Milwaukie, uly.—Leaves 13 to nearly 3 inches long, s md often with an extr y minute and soft vi Apron shove: m 18 ery” nee beneath, obtuse, or with a blunt whitish caducous pubes per 4-lobed. Stamens ex- » Which han long voen cultivated in the puce. z pe irsuta (Eaton): stem mostly twiuin ; leaves (pale green, not shining) bi a dly oval, very veiny, ciliate, serio T t hairy [X vil- ; rfoliate, often nea rly glabrous; the a od three rée together; the flowers in £t bu. viscid- e 83 hor : slightly ome ec at the base; Eaton! ma ‘ed. 3. p. cal -Am. 1 y p 323 ; Hook. exot. fl. s ‘Moist ar Tolis Pennsylvania A gah ort t) to Wesi Louisi- - E P Sta parentl Dre very distinct species: the Corolla, in shape, hber. that of filament towards the 341; if Pa ae non f. 5n; : bese | ; Brit ae ui. p.758. "D ugntolium * LowiERA. © _ CAPRIFOLIACE E. 7 banks and margin of thickets, in damp soil, Canada! and Michi- Su ge: (aroupa. Lake Huron and L -— v Englan perior!) and in the northern parts of 1 Sta MAI une-July.—Stem often twin- .. nd the Nev ing to pe s ight of 15-30 feet, rh somewhat age branches. cuo ye Ves long, a and a broad, memb greet a little glandular or viscid), what rugose, sprinkled with scattered hairs ahó M of which are icuo e d or slightly pointed at the base glabrous when old. Peduncles and even the ovaries often covered with a uides icd or eoa pubescence, like that of the eorolla. Flowers nus. and st ed; the ee like the filaments, more or less hairy below, somietim himute. Berri eeded. ange, 3—5-s L. parviflora (Lam.): ee liptical or oblong, smooth, shining eae - sted trailing or EH leaves X. above, very. glauco s beneath, with a slight often undulate dide. apta margin Me bim. per - e -perfoliate ; the others xu an ostly so ate; flowers in a more or less mewhat c pe eduscitibe head or 2-3 5 clos ely a de whorls; corolla short, Loren) below.—ZLam. - E iiis at oi ^ filaments somewhat dict. 1l. p. 7 Torr. £: fl. À. p. AE. igi fs pa ed. 2 + pen 4. Ad B Hook. ji. Bor.- Am te Linn. nes es in p. i reg. t. "L.m Murr. in m, test, Rem. § * s SHE p 200: eo 8.7? leaves pubescent or even ebimewhat villous- tomentose > entath the lower ones distinct, sessile or slightly petioled ; corolla paye esi yim PME viflora 8. Hook. l. c. €. Ca ium Dou ` Lindl. in hort. trans ae p.n C. Put villi i Richards’ appz. Fiankl journ. ed. 2. - p. 6, Rocky banks of. does, &c. Canada! (from Hudson's Bay.to the Roc Mountains, a. & 8. Hoo -) and from the New En gland. States! to Missouri, | and sparingly in the mountains of the Sou B. Saskatchawan c., Dou rt Gratiot, Michi Dr Pitche / imestone o, Mr. vant Pr : feet long. dne 2-3, or on young shoots even 4 inches some- sparse deciduous pu us Silos; the lower ones often nar. eneath, but usually — ed = i base, | Sessile. — a 8-9 lines long, including the short spreading E ae tinged -. with dul ull purple. Stamens exsert Berri rted. oranges—In rom Ohio, T © zene of the ME regie E the oreo s apparently deci- duous, and in vi gorous shoots t var. B. fro y are ones inclined to ovate-lance olate. We ave | bris P on that this is with the Caprifolium Doug the leaves in the slightest ies : but our specimens the — 7 9. de California: fá uppermost ; leaves ovate-o| connate- i s long; the lower - - mame —— ed " “a * 3 fi : : EN . a CAPRIFOLIACEH: ^ "Lowirma * flowers i in rather distant whorls; the peduncle -— rachis clothed with gland- cular and hispid hairs intermixed ; tube of the corolla conspicuously gibbous, aeiy hairy, not longer than the deeply bilabiate limb; filaments some- i ase, exserted ili MAR Cur S 3 E ss [^^] Š eo B5 o et o Fe "y dE = hu e T i| > a xy 2 fa Fh a) F s. — ong; ti "wi stipuliform appendages. Cor olla (incluling the BD seve m ore prei half yello i se - which the younger branches are said to be airy along one side: in our specimen Douglas's Californian N the branches are kaonei les, &c. pdepedly fand ular and somewhat hirsute. It is quite different from the Caprifolium ciliosum of Pursh, and T pea ang other North Anand species. = 16. L. hispidul a (Dou ugl. mss. is stem slender twining Meine, | sere OF pilose-hispid ; leaves rather rigid, ov. as ric a obtuse, glaucous be- vill ed; es connate-perfoliate; heads or whorls on slender peduncles 8; p nearly glabrous; the upper lip shorter than the gibbous tubes” pre es 4d e ad hairy below, exserted.—L. microphylla, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am 283 hin es ers), not of Willd. Caprifolium hispidulum, Lindl fi A _ bot. re Ks rand and rocky places, oe: on Mount Hood, and at the Grand Re es of the Oregon, at ‘Oak Poi ) &c. Douglas. * Oak Point,’ on the Ore gon near the in "Nutt all !—A ‘nal mostly trailing shrub, pubescent with slender sca hairs. Leaves 6 to 10 lines, or sometimes an inch in. ^ length; the upper surfa ace glabrous, and the one ortwe upper pairs often con- . EC nate-perfoliate, in the cultivated plant. Flowers — "emerit cn near dy. E pest Corolla a bout half an inch long. Oca gla Calyx-teeth ~~ minute.—According to the description and figure in the Beason Register, li oes he tube. In the wild plant, the leaves are about three- I an n inch a ieii according to Me Nuttall; but the upper ones n pm (Hoo "&- Arn. je and much branched; a bus fs W^ e e leaves, corolla pubescent; leaves ( pie be ellipti oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, shini e, d 9n Peg! short petioles ; spikes few-flowered, bracteate ; corolla bila- el em 2-, the other 3-cleft.'— Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl ro Douglas. Bushy hills near. St. cer. Nuttall.— An erect arly ale : er xe y 3 feet Jig. ; Im ularh nt leaves, gag pale pink tower. and a minute calyx." Nuit. B donum about an inch long, 1 remote. pairs of bracts pef in thei S asi lesser ez Sarik; bear the flowers solitary or in pairs. Corolla not half an E Loo, ereht f from — other Lonicera. - Hook. & Arn. E Ko = 2. ab Rs connate: peduncles ae 2-4-bracteate Be on (rarely. Slowered at the summit: berries geminate, distinct or often un E = wb of the me e per Ea & s jd Lonicera. . = CAPRIFOLIACER., T - Pedunde A-bracteate at the summit ; the bracts foliaceous and dilated. ; FEL. foliero (Herb. Banks.): stem erect or reclined; branches — prominently 4- angled ; leaves ovate-oblong or oval, petioled, obtuse or acu- - inate, hirsute-pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2~3- — za red ; exterior bracts ovate or subcordate ; the interior broadly obovate s or obcordate, "5 t frat Vert small, at length many times larger than the distinct ovaries and enclosing e fruit; corolla pube. gibbous-at the base on the outside.— Spreng. syst. 1. p. 759; DC. prodr.4. p. 336; Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1179 ; Hook. ! £t - Am. 1. p. yee a ru Lodo Eschs. in mem. acad. St. Petersb. 10. p. 284; DC. l.c ham. I in Linnea, 3. p. 138; Hook. & Arn.! bot. BUR Y, p p. 143, oup. P. 349. Xylosteon involucra- tum, Richards.! appx. Frankl. journ. ed Saskatchawan! (and woody country fu ^ 54° to 64°) and Rocky Mou to the North West Coast between lat. 54° & 56°. Also in Cali- nia, E: , Douglas ! Nuttall !— tem 2~10 fee t long, * often sup- lines in length, usually cuminate point. Corolla yellowish, 6-7 line , pubescent and glandular, cylindraceous; the lobes sho s e _the interior at first very small, but becoming large and conspicuous in fruit, -each conn of two partially united and overlapping bracts. i * * Peduncle minutely 2-bracteolate p the summit. * 33. L. ciliata (Mag) stem erect; leaves ovate-cblotiit often cordate, pe pilose-ciliate, the younger ones villous beneath ; peduncles shorter than the eaves; bracts shorter than the ovaries; teeth of the calyx very obtuse; co- rolla obtusely saccate at the base; the lobes em and somewhat equal; style - exserted ; berries distinct, diverging. — Muhl ep . 4. p. E E Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 283. L. Canadensis, Ren. & Schult. syst. 960. Xylosteum Tartaricum, € ! a 6. (not L. Tartari- 55 Lin nn.) X.ciliatum, Pursh! fl. 1. p. ae 73 album, which is Soroa racemosus, fide Nut i); orr. !. fl. l.p . 245; Bigel.! fl. ed. 2 88. so ocky woods and VIL en throughout Canada (from the Sakuri a and the northern portions of the New England States! ? vania and Ohio! May —Shrub 3-5 feet high. with. aie a nc nb us, light green, 1-2 or more i is obs: ,rathe cute: petioles short, beset wi e stly l Ma 2» "gre enish-yellow somewhat ee a ree-fourths of an inch long . Lc a (Linn.): stém erect; leaves oval or oval-oblong, hirsute on adi riu orm or quite glabrous above when — e pear very at 3 hort, reflexed in fruit; b cis subulate, longer than the ovaries ; lagbe — = bogs M tha base a lobes short, nearly edis il; berries (deep ge ond law i E. ` cous) globose, formed by the union of 2 ovaries.— Linn. s spec. 1. p. 174; E Pall. fl. Ross. t. 37; Bot. mag. t. 1965; DC. prodr. 4. p. 337; Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 983. L.cmrulea Canadensis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 731, : a Can 3lex DC. — AL. M e Dc. £45 c. (excl.syn. Goldie, Torr. $c.) ; Hook. § "bot. — ec .115. Xylost souii inie, Eaton! 3 xy sum, Bige! ! As Bost ed. ar ; Torr.! ): ! appx- Frankl. journ. ed. | B. villosa : wire iut P wif: crece trs debeely vi VOL. T * : 2 10 CAPRIFOLIACE K. ".. LowickRA, a í =. tose; limb of the e sy ciliate.—L. velutina, DC.! d. e. a 4 $ villosum, Michx. ! ji n s ES Li abehilér ! aud New woundlana ! to the Rocky E Mountains in British America, and north to lat. extending south to the — - mountains or mountainous districts of Massachusetts! and New York! ~. -` ; Hudson’s Bay, Michaux! Newfoundland, use ! Máy.— Shrüb - 1-4 feet high; the younger branches mostly villous. Leaves an inch or less in ‘length. eue yellow, about half an inch long, either glabrous or hairy, longer than the peduncles; the lobes longer than the aper b erect. Stamens parcel? exserted: filaments bearded.— We agree with aa? in oe our plant i identieal with the L. en "t Europe and ibe * 5. L. oblongifolia ( (Hook.) : stem erect, much branched; leaves oblong . a or oval, peg pates when young, at sinc: amoa glabrous; pedun- ` 3 eles filifor uch longer tha n the flower ; bracts obsolete; corolla” = "e bv $ L4 ay © as o. E: [s] r= a £3 BS oo THE ad RE [e] [2] | 8 co c c8 zn mm ad EB —_ - dil [e] pie [e ME. “os 3 [1 ^ iU Do [2o rr uk wm SeS my UST oe ZA . the union of s ovaries ori -Am L. villosa, - > Ile artly. Xyloscuis oblongifolium, "oidie, in n Edinb. phil. jours i | pe» E mps, Canada, Mr. Goldie, «b dl orthern and < Western p the State of New York! May—June.—Shrube3—4 feet - short lobes. Filaments near y glabrous, , not ex sec didy the corolla: anthers * aes BP! a airy. Berries about the size of a lar arge pea, marked wi ith the i ves of Ker d two approximated calyces. * nally : the lower lip oblong-linear, often spre veins e he upper erect, with 4 - - 4 DIERVILLA. Tourn. in act. acad. Par. (1706) t. 7. f. 1.5; Linn. hort. 4 g OEC t. 7; Las t ill. t. 105 ; Sieb. f Zucc. A. Japon. p.68.1.99-32. = s unb— Cal ysphryum, Bunge.—Diervilla & Weigela, Alph. DC. | Calyx-tube oblo: or cylindrical, often attenuated at the summit ; the se - E A. of the i limb linear or subulate. Corolla infundibuliform ; 4 ihe* : limb 5c eft, nearly regular or slightly bilabiate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2- - eous or crus a ceous, 2-celled, 2-valved, - septicidal ; the 2-lobed ;lacentze usually “strongly projecting into the cells each bearing numerous seeds in a d ouble series. Seeds with a scrobiculaté i testa, naked or n cce" (natives of. North America, Japan, and a China). Leaves ovate or oblong, mostly pétioled, serrate, acute, s. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1-flowered or cymosely 3-7- . i. the central flower pou sessile; all bibracteate atthébase. —— - The Asiatic indie have been-admirabh : tedabove. These all have a somey .. branaceous, Zucc.) furnished w , ‘illustrated by Zuccarini, in the work ci- durate capsule, and the seeds (testa mem= sis ; Xr into- wh honse De s g olle de Genève: Jan. 1839) not onl ly retains 5 ons; = this even without being acquainted — .. which “a the most dee de Li e; » E a y ae + s v» e a a: > _Drenvizia. CAPRIFOLIACEZE. no à th . We know not whether Mr. Brown was acquainted with these difference + when he united Weigela to Diervilla, or whether he would consi € bos cs of dose erie ^ c importance. It must be remarked that both the elder an er De C -— "e i sion, described the capsule of Di pille a as one- erm tanists consider it 4-celled, an nic ; = rs have, by some misapy half 2-celled ; while Jussieu'and some other Mike, since the placentze often reach nearly or quite to the back of each cell. § Sowers yellowish: capsule membranaceous : seeds not furnished with a crest ES Subtribe 2. Triosreæ.—Fruit drupaceous; the endocarp bony - -- tured, perhaps, to restore the pri : ne), had we found any thing like uniformity s among botanists L or wing; the testa crustaceous.—DIERVILLA proper m - D. trifida (Meench) : UN oblong-ovate, acuminate, on short seem glabrous or somewhat ha n the veins beneath ; peduncles 1-3-(mostl ered ; capsule affi at the summit, crowned with the subulate-set- cadiensis PE cosa -) OW aceous teeth of the calyx. LEN meth. &c. Tourn.; Duham. arb. 1. D. Toa nefonti. Miche 1f 107 ; Torr. ! A. E. p: E. D. EA Pers. syn. 1. p. 3 Canadensis, e hus Biget Q Bot ed p09; D T. 4. po Darlingt.! fl. curi p. er ep . Willd. enum. 1. p. 330; k.!.fl. Bor.- ET. p JL 1. p. Ts Losers Diervilla Linn.! mat. med. p. 62, s " voté es “early — rather yap serrate. sess (e c Rocke 8, Canada ! an nd fr om Newfoundland ptas Bale the Roe! Ne ains. Nonhórm and Middle States! pe along the higher > sae Mea Casita. B. 2: the Black Mountains, North C Am. _. M.A. Curtis !—May-June. Stem 2-4 feet high, bn ched. Lea inches Jong.. Rach ios the wd of the upper leaves, rather long ral flower emp iud ceres ones pedicellate. racte- 5 . Corolla greenish-yellow, about three- E: ens < . the petioles : the oles stfbülate, dioner than the ov — of an inch ^ « good on . adoption of some one among the later names - of the seed scr es i: S i TRIOSTEUM. Limn.; Gaertn. ft 55 ^ Calyx-tube ovi FE ` the se se gments dA 5-parted limb linear-lanceolate, fo- liaceous, persistent, Ci : orolla- tubular, gibbous at the base, somewhat equally - ^. 5-lobed, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens 5, incl Ovary 3- * s (rarely 4—5-) celled, with a sin, nonu ovale suspen ndedfrom the sum- - mit of each cell: style included goctntate, somefvhat3-lobed. Fruit — = drupaceous, rather dry, A cm n-obove obscurely 3-(5-) sided, containing e 7 Lam. ill. t. 150. Cu d ug Dr. Tinker’s-weed. E fe Shady planen, Virginia and North Carolina! to Louisiana! Arkansas ^ ue E T3 SAMBUCUS. Tes Lone; ed d Lam. ill. t. 9311. 3 E. = 7 12 CAPRIF OLIACE;E. TRIOSTEUM. clustered ; or rarely (by the reduction of the leaves) verticillate in a terminal E raceme. E T. perfoliatum (Linn.):1 ‘stem hina zn "esed soft viscous hairs; €i , ab th - base, velvety Pu bescent beneath, somewhat hair iry Kis Tower all brown a s. x sess m art. ! 245 ; * Sweet, Brit e gard. iet. 45; Pastas! n Cest. p . 159. E majus, „Michx. ! Atl ee oper mum, Dill. Elth. i 293, f. 378 Shady rocky places, dna soil, PUE, the Northern, Middle, and Western States! and al e mountains of the Southern States. Ma t be escent A be rounded. Fi aie Du Meaty. 5 tyle E EA T ‘raft hal inch long, pubescent, orange-color r (not purple when mature, as desc ad b »1 Push, Fanok & DC.), crowned E: the fi vem Aprende D of the - calyx: nucules marked with 3 strong ribs and 4 ves on the back, k, and with 2 grooves and a central projection on the face. The leav: re some- times more or e sinuate, w which is noticed by De Candoll a ( : A Meee specimens of this form in the herbarium of t ge Mr E wae init e root is reputed to B be emetic and cathartic, and | thë pli 3 csi in the popo Ps ed der the name of Homes i Bän. Ferer- "snl LO i bispid t ;, Med lanceolate or Fabio: escent or almost glabrou mi 'ubes beneath, hir- = sute above; the e (ochroleucous) mostly tt: in the axils, sessile or = ‘ somew ulate.— inn- 11 oe 6 (pl. corem ys E z A 37; Pursh, L c er DG! SEES 4. p. 3 ELE e Periclymenum hoste T.m ceum, &c. Pluk. A ss 287, t. "1047 nd Missouri! May-June.—A smaller mrs than the preceding, with me . Yohes of the ochroleucous UA deep n proportion, the tube less gibbous - "n à at the base, &c. It probably has the same properties as T. perfoliatum, and - bears the same popular names. dede - received it under the name of _ Trege II. SAMBUCE Æ. Kunth. se agg à age rotate, or Sy somewhat doc ndocarp of the fruit crust Tess of the — ae $ = raphe A Be upying P inner £ gt T on the beo AE a on Ds ise, each co containing a suspended Shrubs or or perennial =? odor. emerge -a 1 A an e * * ES E A j v» E Fa SAMBUCUS. CAPRIFOLIACE E. 13 ~ nately divided ; the leaflets or divisions strade or incised, often pseudo-sti- pellate, or with 2 glands at the base of each pair. Cymes ——- yy. soid orfastigiate. Flowers whites or sometimes reddish.— R iaai ner, and most subsequent ^. except Kunth, have described the fruit & et this genus yS a pepper berry ; the nucules being taken for seeds. s ST S. ‘bens (Miehx.): stem shrubby; leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate ; oc: leaflets ovate-lanceola ate, acuminate, the lower surface and the petioles pubes- cent; thyrsus ovoid or pyramidal, rather loose.— Mich ! Jt l. p. 181; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 321; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 393; Bongard! veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. os. ues 6) 2. p. 144 S5 escens, Pers. syn. 1. p. . 328; Pursh, t ; Ell. sk. 1. p. "368: "S. racemosa, "Hook k.! f 3 Bor.- Am. 1. . -T p. leucoca white ey. HR i. leaflets 7-9, ta serratures longer and narrower; . anthers Jarge-— S. arborescens, Mm S. racemosa 8. Hook. ! l.c X a c. Canada! from Hee —€— and Notita * E. Estates! 1o ics of Carolina! Bites a the Rocky Mountains, Ore- a . gon! and Sitcha, Gerd var ic 2d as skill Mountains, Mr. J. Hog 4 — May; the fruit mature in Ju dues em 2-10 feet high, sometimes Eis odi d i cp of 3 by ide at the base; the branches often warty. y pubescent es young seldom spelléts. Thyrsus about 3 1 ong. Berries scarlet.—Hooker, perhaps with good reason, unites this ecies with the S. ndi d (c. We have ee = anit, arborescent, and at ast 18 feet high. $e 2. S. Canadensis (Linn.) : stem suffrutescenty leaves pitate 7-1l-fo- ~ T liolate ; leaflets oblong or wat atumia glabro ep 5 Ra FO on _ the midrib ; the lower ones often 3 pare cymes vrbc il le 5-part —Li ; : y. 281 ; de zE p. 203; Ell. ; Tom #. 1. p. 3215 DOE odr. 4. p H. f ' Bor.- a Darling. FA. Cest. p a ane arbust. p. . nat. p. 13. s Thickets ud: aoo eee in rich soil, throughout the United States! and = Canada! June-Ju uly. —Stem 5-10 feet high, stout, bas with pith. Leaflets s$ * hot unfrequently furnished with d stipellate appendages. Cymes i K- nches in diameter; the flowers pur s hi. Berries small, dark = or BATY Pes When mature}; Tube deep enge D S. ni- ex un" of Europe.— Common Elder. 5 * 83. S. glauca at ! P: «somewhat arborescent, e leaves pinnate ; leaflets airs, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrulate, undi- vided; cy megane g reading; t (black) very glaucous. S aem ME near the Blue Mountains: common.—Berries re- “sembling i in taste X S SPER necne to which this species is allied. Nut — — -— We can scarcel distinguish this species from S. = adensis. P o3 VIBURNUM. Linn.; Gaertn. fer: Dc. ass 4. p.393. - l- A 53 IE ^- ^ Limb of the calyx 5-toothéd. C lla rotate, s hat tubul orcampanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 1—3-celled ; -celled ; one -: the cel cells containing a single aa the others abortive: sessile. : Fruit drup -seeded, with a thin pulp; the endocarp ee m yerusaceoó, monly compressed: See conformed to the cavi- : ; the testa €—— ren minute at the ex- ~ "m A i yat E A 23 3 "is 3 DAN : E CAPRIFOLIACE.E. = ‘Vinvasom, tremity of the fleshy aiburcón diri or rame trees, with petioled undi- ^ vided or lobed leaves. Petioles sometimes furnished with appendages ex- actly similar to stipules. Flowers white, in terminal cymes; the marg à . ones sometimes sterile ee im x § 1. Flowers all saila MSS: corolla rotate. Meo * Leaves enti, serrate, toothed. : ; udum (Linn.): leaves somewhat coriaceous, oval, inp, orlan- .. 1 k V. n : = oue. dotted beneath with brownish scales, glabrous: above; the margin | E crenulate or entire ; petiole somewhat margine ed ; cymes pedunculate ; fruit. E ~~ id. a. Claytoni : leaves broadly oval, oblong-obovate, or oblong, obtuse or - slightly ake, entire or obscurely crenulate ; ; the veins s rather prominent | . beneath.—V. nudum, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 268 (pl. ^ — ny * bern ic t we 974," — : ne hi P 1487 ; Mi a ! fl. 1. p. 178 7 Bot. m ks i^g .998P:5 Ell: sk. 1. p..3 Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 319; Bigel. fl. be ed. 2. .p.116; DCL i AeA Eq n Dolini, Jl. Cest. p. 203. V. squamatum, Wats. dendr. 3 "it Hs. B. an ddl ‘fol ium: leaves lanceolate and dhlong-laneeolate, often es en- E. *" tire or obscurely crenulate- pris ai the veins slight] ominent beneath. — ' eg nitidum, Ait. Kew. ( ed.) Y. p.371? V. pyracanthifolia, Sekei í ; a noides : leaves ovate, slightly obovate, or oblong, eae sbroply e Ll acuminate, oe = tt er te-acizate or undulate ; the veins not prom E. th.—V. cas noides, Linn. ! pec: edo 35 P 384 e a uv xcept of = am.) ; Pursh, fl. 1 p. 202 ; DC! prodr. 4. p. 326 of Mich. V. a um, Hook.! fl lium Pursh, [eA * j i d.c = " ps, a. Massachusetts and. idees part oi of New Yo rk! to Florida! p : i orth Carolin Orleans! y- Northern portion of Pe ee and New York! to Ne Saskateha* -Jun : Sing blackish in drying; the se iei at first. clot Lp dots, the upper at length somew Fi shining. : Cyme as e a - in the Laurustina (V. Tinus): peduncle 1-2 swg ae Fruit about 34 — a lines long, beue compressed; darkeblue, w ih a glaucous bloom, point P .Sweetish and e when ripe; the n nucleus or stone (seed of some autho * compressed, slightly convex on side, and with a shallow poos on —Our ei 8. is only a narrow-leaved form of V. nudum: the more hern pl ht is the original . cassiboides) appears persis = ; bus can find no gentis nt Characters 2 which to d dis- - v P. prunifolium MERO leaves. obiil oval; broadl S ovate. E d bo coriaceo-m: ranaceous, obtuse or with a slight a oa point We serrate wi with appressed or- uüñcinate teeth, iol a sli . ai cym t i Hook. Ù c. " Decii i Ls. V.Can- - UM. pyrifolium, Poir. dict. 5. p. 65: 2 odr. 4. p. 325. Mespilus j p = e ^) VIBURNUM. | CAPRIFOLIACE E. . 15 B. ferrugineum : lower E of the petiole and midrib when young — with reddish-brown wool. — and thickets, Canada? and Southern gt of New York! and od ylvania! to Georgia. $. N. Carolina! and Geo picid bin ca. and renkan May. —Shrub pe arly fect high with 3 merous a _ branches or spur. eaves ne cs Dn mostly pikes ; one _ “petiole more d rise in ie d u hake about w half an inch long; tomentum,.which consists o chatt-like la E e: rat roper = hairs. Cyme ee 3 in thal a ameter. Fru arly half an inet long . (in B. more roundish than in the northern mes bluish- black when ripe,” k * glàucous, - ssed: the nucleus much compressed.— Black Haw. Sloe. ` 3. VF. go (Linn.): leaves ovate, conspienously acuminate, finely - serrate vid pes slightly sects teeth, somewhat membranaceous, g brous; the lower surface’ and particularly ihe midrib and (undulate) mar- ; ene) rue tess with DR sem when young; cymes sessile ; fruit ` —Lin te! fl. 1.0. 178 ; JL. sk l. p. 3653 i Wate Jeudi. Brit. à 21; x^ XE l. p. id; Bigel. Jt. ze. ed. 9. p. 116; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 325 ; Hook. l. c ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 395. Woods and banks of streams, Cicada! (from the Saskatchawan) and eee the Northern Sang to Kentucky ! and the mountains of Geor- ay.—Tree 15-20 feet high. Leaves usually kia d ovate or oval, ost 3 inches long, so «P ins slightly cordate ; ; the petiole 6-8 lines s long, sometimes covered, as well as the midrib, with rusty scales. C yes widely á spre. edens somewhat compressed, half an inch long, PUE us bloom; the pulp- iroad Sp i flat on both sides. EC * 4. V. obovatum (Walt.): leaves obovate or Emene tovar, (small) gla- brous, somewh coriaceou above, m ostly obtuse, entire, or often ` acutely denticulate the mi ; cymes sessile ; fruit o TM LI E t. Car. B. 116; Poir. dict. 5. p. ses on Pe ep. 201 į Lodd. bot. . 1476; E . 926. cassinoides, Mill. diet. no. 9? (not of ES Los 7 pe * p- 1491 (excl. 2g & enum. p. 3975; Michz. 7! fl. 1. p.179. V. levigatum, Ait. H - « Kew. (ed. 1.) 1. p. 371; Willd. a 1. p. 1492, & enum. l.c. ; Pursh, fl. 1. sk. 1. p. 367; DC. l.c a 2 — "Shady banks of “river 8, "&c. Vir rginia to Georgia! and Flo April- i May.—Shrub 2-8 feet high, with numerous branches, which are id when young with minute scales. Leaves 1-14 inch 1 and 3-8 lin oltm z short petioles, often ppt dues beheath; thos of the flo EIE bran ticulate or toothed. o. sm coal Fruit about one-third of an inch Mong pact ee ~~ Ss black, veetish.— Readily Rr by its ll and 5. F. cd i: j; ledives s elliptical, with 3-5 parallel veins, obtuse eat chiefly towards the summit ; the lower surface, particularly s, Ms s irsu! iole short; ous pedunculate, dense ry glabrous ; fruit oval-globose (black). Hook. fi. Bor.- var. p. clothed with ecidinoad saath ‘pubescence iu AM t. go %, mls | f the P y oe Nuttall !—. Soe hae Ee j. j: leaves E dsl orm. ofien sl acute or somewhat acuminate, a s = A. - 2e 2-0 e OAPRIFOLIXAGEX. VIBURNUM. ad. Re cate from the strong and nearly simple straight veins, glabrous and shining above, pale b eneath, with tufts of villous hairs in the axils of the veins, sagi ly a cilistesey ine s pedunculate, n nearly glabrous; fruit small, globos ; ovoid ; the nucleu Hes ee or excavated on one side and obtusely ridged a | the other.— Linn. À spec. 1. 2 968 ; Jacq. hort. M y 1.1. 36 ; Pursh, fle 2 = E p.2 ! fl. 3. p. 319; DC. ! prodr.4. p. 3 Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. fu E RE 200; During tA "est. p.203. V.d dentatum var. uiu Ait. Kew. P (ed. 1) 1. p we x rar, glabellum, . mn ichz. p | p.? mini ie g Mincule phy pedunclesscabrous and o airy; ^" leaves — large) ph Banda o ovate, coarsely and r: y toothed, pubescent Beneath i viser ed De dielos S kj dentatum (a. E Ee HR ped Ff 179; out € 1. Noh nds; a. T Cual Northern States ! to Vir- sink E. $. Caroling pe Georgia! to Florida! and. ana! June Marc 'h-May. —Shrub kem. feet high (the wood hard), with itas) angular ray branches; the young vigorous shoots — and slender. Fruit deep blue, or bluish- "black when See's ripe, with very little pulp: nucleus with a deep cea groo one side, and the idi incurved, so that the 'transv s somew what reniform ; baj Sio there are two shal- ed grooves, and the A carcely incurved.— orthern plant is very niform in appearance : e leaves are 2-3 TERN long one of- son n of madia fé same vh, with strong simply-forked veins, and qui te gla- brous, except the tufts in the axils of the veins, and a few scattered hairs on | e young petioles and veins beneath; the peduncle is 2 or 3 inches in length; - and th e ut 3 li ong. Butin Pennsylvania cid same plant be- — comes more pubescent; a few scattered hairs often appearing on the upper — surface of the leaves, while the young petioles and pe Beevi are clothed with .— parate or fasciculate hairs. still more pube t plant abounds in the irs, in par T ch is and the drupes 4 lines in Me i» This may very Deos stinc a but we are unable to istinguish i it LE A y te s (Pursh): leaves ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate, coarsely geen often somewhat cordate, appearing stightly plicate m the straight sparingly branched veins, somewhat hairy a above; the lower surface, with the v short petioles, villous-tomentose or velvety ; cyme S pedintniakd ~ari mer fruit (small) oblon er the much compressed nucleus Eu side and mend ng ged on the other — Pursh. 1. id. the habitat. win rf. » p. 320; DC. f prodr. 4. p. ees Hook. fl. Bor.- Am Vv dentatum va V agg nag Ait. Kew. ag 1) 3. a 168. vi bon var. semitomentosu icht. l l. c. parte ly. V. um, Raf.in med. m (hex. 2) 5. 361 1808); in Dos A T Aio ) 5. p. 361 (1808); & i . 228; not of . tomentosum, Raf. l. c. (18 08) r.) nesquianum, Schult. syst. 6. p. 630° P anks, Canada (from Lake Winipeg) and po ait di ; New York! also near We ! New Jersey, Beck ! and the mountainous - ns Carolina, Schweinitz! June.— rib 9-3 feet igh, with — ees branches. Leaves about 2 inches erg nearly glabrous. above t . Pedunele at first shorter than the cyme, but mos ostly elongated m. | fit. Flower fewer and larger than in V. de m. Fruit 3 lines long ; Perhaps the plant which Purs en Aiton, . ur V. dentatum £. scabrell The present | Southern States pale. the mountains ; but certainly . ginia and e ' "The plant Colin x bay 4 ^^ ed rt e AER" VIBURNUM. CAPRIFOLIACE/E. | " 17 Z * * Leaves lobed or incised. V. acerifolium (Linn.): leaves roundish or broadly ovate, mostly sub- -= E e, 3-ribbed from the CL. 3-lobed, c Gods and unequally toothed, e pe s arcos beneath; e lobes dive ie and mostly acuminate; petio t (wi e ) pube d somewhat — hirsute furnished near t ria e base it ra setaceous stipuliform appendages ; po ed; stamens much exserted.— Linn. ! Eis d p Cels. t. 272; Michx. ! . P- 4: von dendr. Brit. 1.1. 118; Torr. ! fi. 1. p. 390 ; mad fl. Bost. ‘ed. 2 2. "A 116; DC.! nes 4. p. 397; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. l. p. e (pa zy) - Dorngt. x Cest. i n s, Can ! and dare throughout ERA in E Oed pos une.—Shrub 3-5 fee r md clothed both with a very short soft pubeece nce, and with slender rather ap- pressed hirsute hairs. Less aves 2—5 inche es in diameter, membran pei ]a- brous or sparsely hairy above, often bg dotted beneath ; the soft close imei nce of the lower surface ste eduncle about 2 inches slong; the loose cyme 2-3 inches broad. Corolla. often rel € with rose-color Drips broadly oval, 3-4 lines long, nearly bla ripe: the nuc dléba with 2 obtuse ecu on one side, and 2 csi e QE grooves on the other. sheets ood. eens (Pylaie! herb.) : Veo and petioles glabrous or ~~ im vit: leave roundish, seldom subcordate, slightly 3-lobed or incised at x: the summit, mostly 5-nerved from the base, unequally serrate, sparsely pu- e j cymes (small and simple) Vi aei terminating the very short lateral branches; llc much shorter than. the corolla. E ey. sceniphane Bon- gard! veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 144, tesi E Newfoundland, Pila Be &c. White ? mcm of New Hamia ind : on Mansfield Mountain, Vermont, Mr. Tuckerman! & Mr. W. F. Maerae! E Probably also in Oregon and in Deed from sect ps feet high. © ves 1-2 inches in diameter, nearly glabrous, or more or less pubescent on the veins v the lower € ace (the ami p aene: ae lobes often ob- — scure. Cymes seldom nch in diameter. Anthers on very i ments, not VEG yest Bie tube of ‘te corolla. Fruit unknown.—For specimens «de plant, we are indebted to the o ing botanists who first M3 $ .the United States (Mr. Macrae of Montreal and Mr. Boston), who 3 directi our nom p the gai which ucker * clearly disti ingùish them find from = notes upon La Pylaie’s collec- tion in Newfoundland, that he had given he same plant the “pe name which we have — A Canoe it wili be seen, has referred Py- laie’s lant to V. acerifolium small collection made by a à British JasE-urtevor, and given to us by A. B. ambert, Esq. of London. The V. acerifolium of Bongard, veg. Sitcha, ~ appears to belong to,or include this species: but if we mistake not, we ave a fragment of the true V. acerifolium from Oregon.—The leaves nenii- 1 | blac kish in drying T3 Cynes radiant ; ; the marginal flowers much larger than de others, and neutr al.—O»Pvrus, Tourn., DC. fos + * eus 78 us Me S rush € leaves sed = X CAPRIFOLIACE E. VIBURNUM. * ae red.—Linn. spec. 1. p. 268; Fl. Dan. t. 661; Engl. bot. t. 322; DC. prodr. 4. p. 328. Opulus Handuosn s, Mench, meth. p. B. Americanum (Ait.) : [eme remotely and rather obtusely toothed.— Ait. Kew. (ed. 1)1. p. 373. V. dq Marsh. arbust. p. V. Opulus £. Pimina & y. edule, Michz.! fl. 1 180. DE oris Aat Le P. 32. —H V. "uy quam & V. edule, Pursh, T. 1. p. 903; Torr. ! ; DC. -& res . p. 328; Hook. fl. Bor. -Am. 1. > 281 ; ibdubon, p P Amer. 4 Èl = jg mU (Hook.) : eva somewhat incised, very pubescent —— Hook. l. c. under V. Oxycoccus. mps and Ts streams, from the puc partof Pennsylvania, New- — - York! and the pi d Dee gland States! to the Arctic Circle and the Rocky — - p. Oregon, Dr. Scouler, Douglas. May-June.—Shrub 3-10 — - feet high, ^ gl ud gray HOME Renier Leaves 3—5 inches long, : with divaricate lobes ; the base either truncate or somewhat acute ; the low- er sprinkled with hairs : petiole often ih prede Em appendages. — yme 3-4 inches in diameter; the sterile flowers few ually numerous, j very large. Stamens exserted. Fruit nearly half an ela length, juicy, of a User y taste when ripe, often employed as a substitute for cran- rries.— no constant or Steen characters to di stinguish our plant from the V. o gias of Europe; a garden variety of which, with the flowers all sterile, is the well-known Show. ‘ball Bush. Our plant is called Cranber- ry Bush, or High Cranberry. 11. V. lantanoides (Michx.): leaves s emmgenlen 2352 cordate, abruptly acuminate, finely and unequally or doubly serrate, membranaceous; the * ower surface, and especially the prominent rds ne the a with a pulverulent partly deciduo sa Tusty stellate pubescence; cymes ses- a Ww o E n-| 5 EB. - a sile; the exterior flowers sterile and very large; fruit ovoid; the nucleus” sig wäh a longitudinal groove on each eur bud > ae A d Pursh, fl. - 1. p. 202; Torr: ! 2 PE s E Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 117; DC. prodr. ES p. 280 v. Tae antana f. enc. ie E Lantana " Canade emi, Pens. syn. 1. p. 327. V. grandifo- uth es, cycl. "wood and Now Y and along t o Alleghany Taboa to Virginia: May- i June.—A i uy straggling cmm with the branches often. procumbent. a Leaves and inflorescence appearing from the same large buds, every part of the newly developed bra deco which under a lens appears dt merous primary veins S aisse beneath, running nearly straight ehe midrib to the margin, sending off a few unilateral branches; the very numerous secondary veins passing between ipi phan at right angles, dir beautiful transverse reticulations. Cym arge and loose, flat: the — radiant rig flowers an inch in diameter. ^de neatly black when ripe.— E —. Hobble-bus a 12. F. molle (Michx.) : leaves pies tt ee pna ` toc ; nearly tomentose with a soft pubescence und $e Epe etioles - | somewhat glandular; (cymes baee 7) fruit diletür-ctite.- an pe HM E P E 1. p. 203. ifoli . arb around Danville, Michaux! ** Bark foni: d y = he specimen of Michaux’s barbaran is in fruit , and e that the cymes were radiant; the leaves are crenately | at resemble one form of V. dent n A scabrellum. ing of Michaux’s refers to it the u e "We quote Mar š VIBURNUM. RUBIACEÆ. i 19 Domos s account re and commend this obscure —€— to the botanists of l Kentucky, Ten esser, &c. “ This grows natural n Carolina and other edges, strongly veined, and ‘pla m Seaman on ane foot-stálke. The flowers ss collected in large cymes or umbels at the ends of the branches; those ranged on the border are — but the centre is filled with hermaphro- dite flowers, which are succeeded by pretty large oval berries, red-colored when ripe." Marsh. arbust. pe p. 162. Oroer LXXII. RUBIACEJE. Juss. — Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, or rarely partly or almost completely free ; the limb mostly 4—5-cleft or toothed, sometimes ob- solete. Corolla inserted upon the summit of the calyx-tube, com- posed of as many united petals as there are lobes of the calyx, valvate, imbricate, or somewhat contorted in æstivation. Stamens inserted into the tube of the corolla, equal in number and alternate with its lobes (or very rarely fewer): anthers introrse. Ovary 2-(rarely 3- several-) celled, with 1-many ovules in each cell : style single or part- ly divided: stigmas distinct or concrete. Fruit capsular, drupaceous, baccate, or separable into indehiscent carpels. Seeds anatropous or amphitropous, solitary, few, or numerous in each cell. Embryo straight or slightly curved, in the axis or at the extremity of copious densely fleshy or horny albumen-—Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with op- posite, or rarely verticillate, entire leaves. Stipules between the pe- tioles, sometimes simulating the leaves. Flowers regular. Inflores- cence various, SvBonDER I. STELLAT E. 3 Leaves apparently aere really ?) verticillate ; ; fe € whorls vat a a upposed to consist of a pair of leaves and 1 leaf-shaped ei on each side, which however are only to be distinguished from true leaves by their never bearing buds in their axils. — /Estivation of ube of the calyx. Fruit vibe cen of 2 united indehiscent (dry or baccate) 1- erbs, or rarely suffruticose plants, chiefly natives of temperate or m regions. E E GALIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60 ; Gertn. fr. t. 24; A. Rich. Ru ic in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133 ; Endl. gen. de 509r. X se or oblong ; the limb obsolete. Co ns as many as the lobes of th Es ài E £ RUBIACE Æ. terg GALIUM. ; Styles 2, united at the`base: stigmas globose. Frič “stasis dry or sometimes fleshy, separable when ripe into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels. Albumen horny.—Herbaceous or very rarely suffrutescent plants, with tetra- _gonal stems ; the root frequently containing a red coloring matter. Flowers (rarely polygamous) small, axillary or terminal, 2b or rarely solita- ry ; the cymules often paniculate.— Cleavers. Bed-stra $ 1. Root annual.—A parine, DC. 1. G. Aparine (Linn.) : stem weak, ee rr retrorsely aculeo a pid, hairy about the nodes; leaves mostly 8 whorl, oe apiculate ; the margin and keel aculeolate ; : sii cele elongated, axillary, ~ - 1-2-flowered ; fruit large. very hispid with hooked bristles.— Linn. Aes 1. op 108; Engl. bot. t. 816; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. Torr.! fl. 1. p. 166; os ! prodr. 4. p. 608; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 290; ingt.! fl. Cest. p. 10 Eos Shady thickets Ee vet of woods, Canada and northern — Also in Oregon, Douglas, Dr. Scouler. May-June.—Ste feet long, E Ios! in eti whorls, 1-2 inches in length, and 2-3 Ties vide ar he base, rs w ger than in m ori s of the genus This plant ee perhaps been mue cg from p Californicum (Hook. & Arn.): — ei hairy throughout ; stems ander diffuse, branched from the base; lea iua whorl, a or mucronate; peduncles nearly terminal, a dace, much longer than . le lo the leaves; s of the corolla ovate ety acute ; ovary glabrous.— Hook, 6 Ar . 349. ^ gpeteasas ovary hairy. ^ Nuttall! ( a. § B.) y. Texas, Drummon Ph span high. Leaves at jengi mue x shorter than the le nodes, about 4 lines long, 1-nerved, appearing reticulate-veined by transmit- i ight. ers pol ve 3, greenish or yellowish-green” (Nutt ty: the corolla large for the size of the plant. i ras cles ss pedicels ene the -a BUS longer had the flowers.—The . de a > = g zd z EI P. 3 m a E = 2 8. may. only the fer- tile plant : the fruit is unknown. The Californian plant is pro abiy pee Staged is certainly the case gm that from Tex specimens of the e imma ture, not even in flower; bat iir ‘doubles belong to this 3. G. virga atum (Nutt. ! mss.) : stems VK simple or branched from the base, hispid or almost Paon; ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, his- Tle sory rather obtuse, much shorter than the i ern odes ; peduncles ax- Rota short, bitiréoteolate, 1 1-flowered ; fruit deflexed, hispid with unci- E ern fruit glabrous; stem almost glabrous.—G. nutans, Nutt. / ry prairies of Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Texas, Nuttall ! Dr. Leavenworth ! tcher! Dr. Engelmann! Dr. Hale! ^ Drummond !— g branches one-third of an inch long, thickish, father 3 b usually -— like the eoe with scattered rigid hai or rarel 3 from | horl, extremely short, furni tem = inches high, simple hei dg the base. L p . 3 + pall hs * E ^ r2 GALIUM. _ es RUBIACE XE. large as those of the iiid: and give. a latter the AUAM HÉON of bein T. & leaved, or fasci Flowers nute, white, nearly sessile within the bracts: corolla e $ the lobes Rond rather obtuse. Fruit rather large.— Thi thas a different habit fro m any other sce of the United States ; but it resembles some species of the following section § 2. Root pereo : fruit fleshy or baccate : peduncles naa bearing usually 4 involucrate bracts, one-(rarely 9—3-) flowered.—Relb . (Species of Rubia, DC. §c.) 4. G. hispidulum ege ): stem much — "un minutely hairy or i id, the angles what glabrous; leaves whorl, ovate-oblong ove mucro onulate, r pen" hispid, especially « on Fie midrib and margins; Pidän 1-3-flowered ; the pedicels (at first very short) elongated in fruit; Browne), M G. i p- 195. G. bis pidum, Pu ni, A l.p Fo Rubia peregrina, Walt. Car. p. 86. =R. Walteri, DC. / prodr. 4. p. 590. Dry sandy soil, S. Car A lina ! Georgia! and Florida, particularly near the Oct ocean. May-Oct.—* Root somewhat jointed, saffron-colored." Ell. Stems about a foot long. Jona 5-8 lines long, rather rigid, shining above, ap" pearing somewhat veiny by transmitted light, both surfaces sprinkled with short rigid hairs. Peduncles axillary and icio poc longer than the fruit. Corolla (white, Ell), with the lobes acuminate. FRE lor arge, smooth, dark-blue or purple.—'l'he G. hispidulum of Weicligice is clearly the same plant as amy dois Brownei, described from specimens with unripe fruit. The genus Rubia will doubtless be restricted to the pentamerous spe- cies, as Spon} by A. Richar 5. G. uniflorum (Michx.) : pee stems branched at the base, eee gent, slender; leaves usually 4 in a D linear, — acute, with sc i peduni solitar opposite, iila ; fruit pedicello, — glabrous, 0p dint 4. p. 611; . 1. p. 48. petey t len r soil, S. Ca rolina ! to Florida! and Louisiana ! -July.— slen ler, reddi sh. Stems vec inches long. Leaves about an inch poe 1-2-bracteolate, rarely - for ked. Fruit e. fleshy, if not baccate when mature, purple ? $3. Root perennial: fruit dry: peduncles 3-many-flowered.— E ugalium, DC, * Flowers white or mes s greenish: pe tes axillary or terminal, fw flowered, occasionall y somewhat c. En c carat dí Ae anchlets. + Suffrutescent: — * 6. G.suffruticosum (Nutt. ! mss.): * bing, oft ffruti Mn bar the base of the stem, which is Facately Dr aces and minutely Scovel: leaves 4 in a whorl, very short. ovate-oblong, acute, scabrous on A aps flowers (polygamous i pidaia, eon and in pe nt ‘bre — fruit glabrous. ee UN allied to G. tri e i d E. s ne » € rf 22 RUBIACE Æ. GALIUM. r G. a gm Kicia obtuse ; Taves in : whorl oblong: linear, eee short, rather rigid, the margins and nerve slightly scabrous ; branchlets few- flowered ; 2x densely c clothed with very tos ipe gt bristles.—JVutt. ^ mss.; DC. prodr. B. ban es Lg flowers in s any sessile clusters terminating the "ag cda —G.a rre Nut St. Stem stout ie rigid, a foot or more Du h. L whorls, about one-t third of an inch long, shining, t thickis ** Flowers poly- gamo-diccious, greenish-white." Nuti. Fruit clothed with aiie pres” inp d A: hah are longer than the ogee scot G. ach is plant, to ric riocarpum, Mucha are ees Chilian en T t Herbaceous. G. trifidum (Linn.) : stem flaccid, decumbent or ascending, branching ; a. angles retrorsely scabrous ; leaves in whorls of 4-6 (the € frequently ' upper 4-5 o and 5 or 6, the 4-5), linear or oblanceolate, bdo 2 mid- rib minutely (often retrorsely) aculeolate-scabrous Buis axillary an terminal, 1-3-flowered ; lobes of the — Mares vw v stamens of- ten 3; fruit glabrous and even.— Lin . Dan. t 48 ; ahl. fl. Lapp. p. 47; Pursh, fl. 1 105; dor ! gr Bost. ed ; DC.! prodr. 4. p & Schlecht. in Linnea, 4. p. 221; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. G- Claytoni, Michr.! fl. ; Rich ppr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 4; Ho Bor.-Am. 1. p. 288. Aparine joan &c. Clayt.! (Gronov. fl. Virg. ed. 2. p. 18.) - tine : m (usually sanee scarcely or not at all eos lobes the corolla oe stamens mostly 4.—G. tinctorium, Linn. l. c. ; Pursh, LerJwrtie: DOM c "Darling t. fl. Cest. p. 100. G. trifidum, fill. sk. 1. p. 194? Y. latifoltum (Torr.): stem diffuse DP abrous: leaves Es or ob- e margins and midrib manifestly ilt scabros —Torr.! fl. 1 65>. G. obtusum, Bige. Jl- Bost _ Swamps and moist low grounds, Cait dio lat. 68°) to Virginia nia! S. Carolina and Western Louisiana! and from Newfoundland! to “Oregon! Unalaschka, and Sitcha ; algi in p fonifomis (Nuttall June-July.—Stem inches to 2 feet in length, e ung, branched, at length diffuse z reclined. Leaves- en ae ge treet 5-10 lines long, often less than a line wide, varying up to 3 or 4 lines wide, in var. y. rather membran- aceous, narrowed at the ba: Flowers very small, white. Pedicels of the fruit slender.—A yey diffused and very variable species; the various forms of which are so blended, that we think no botanist, bac dn a full — p specimens, will succeed m distinguishing two or more s ecie lwarf state, growing in northern sphagnous swamps, w which mentee scanio to differ from the G. palustre except in the sonra angles of the stem: this form is also a native of the north of Eur ave another — from ORE dece ced has probably referred to G. tinctorium), which much resembles rellum in its numerous flowers and very n hune kie and e var. y. mori u i st grows in drier soil: the margins of the leaves are almost ciliate, while the angles of the o character can be derived from the di- rection of the very minute Dx whack fringe the margin of the leaves: ; e i they. umes s on one margin and downwards on other. "The var. 3. as well as. - have usually larger fruit. ‘The leaves are E . apt to turn blackish in ng verd ee M m D UU ERG TA VES GALIUM. RUBIACEÆ. 23 9. G. concinnum: stems diffuse, decumbent, with retrorsely and minutely scabrous angles; leaves in whorls of 6 pe tag linear, mucronulate, 1- nerved, veinless, glabrous, with upwardly sc s margins; peduncles fili- form, often twice or thrice trichotomous, Miehtly | pit niculate at the extremity of the branches ; pedicels short; lobes of the corolla acute or acuminate; ovary glabrou Dry open di jm hill- sides, ys oe os near Ann Arbor! Blue Lick, Kentucky, .D hort! May-June.—Stems diffusely — a span to a foot high, Bra, very leafy, ribi (sd, as well as the smooth and shining leaves: the latter about half an inch lo ong, or a little longor in in the Kentucky plant, about a line wide. Flowers very sm hite; the peduncles and short pedicels eve capillary We hay seen the fruit. The leaves do not turn blac iu od and their adi and the angles of the stem are often veri slightly. scabro G. €— Say ): stem diffuse, much ee oe ange very saath with m rigid retrorse prickles der. 6 (those of the branchlets often p or FB) it in a whorl, elliptical or lanc tie mucronate or acu- minate, glabrous, — the iab aculeolate- hispid margins and midrib; peduncles short, very numerous, crowded or paniculate on the flowering bra nchlets,. di- "trichotomons; po filiform, divaricate ; A n piaba or «p. 78; h, fl. 1. p. 103; Torr icha. ! Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. ai; DC.! pes «p. 598; Darlingt. fi. Cest. p. 100. G. , Pennsylvanicum, Muhl. cat. p. 15; Willd. mss. in E mant. 3. p. 1 G. m emp Pith; 7 1. p. 103? G. spinul- m, Raf. pre P tent (814) iba Eo ampy thickets, Canada! an a Nor "hern States! common: probably also in the mountains of the Southern States. J aara flaccid, usual- ly supported o n bushes, and attaining the — of 2 to 5 feet, a herent to sb h pric 1 mall but ex- tremely Tainos, pro the bi ya ine the € and pedicels short but filiform. Lobes of the corolla acu Fruit. perhaps usually glabrous when ripe, but not unfrequently more or gum hispid when young: ; in which state it is probably the G. micranthum of Pursh.—There a specimen in Elliot''s herbarium, mixed with his G. cuspidatum ; but no lacet is given. The leaves usually turn blackish i in drying. 11. G. triflorum (Michx.) : stem flaccid, ——— or procumbe ly somewhat aculeolate-scabrous or slightly hispid on the an uk ding; leaves 6 in a whorl, narrowly elliptical or elliptical “lanceolate, acuminate- cuspidate, 1-nerved, veiny, glabrous, the margins and sometimes the midrib vang ae ciliolate- — or sca bendi peduncles Mary and terminal, most- ly 3-flowered at the extremity ; the flowers all pedicellate ; fruit kispid with d. hort. Berol. t. 66; Pursh, aia reba eM. ichr. ! fi. 1. p. 80; Will fA p. 104; Ell sk. 1. p. 197; Torr.! ft. 2c Bigel pn st. ed. 9 gp 56; D . 601; Hook.! fl. .l. p. 290; Darlingt. Cest. p G. cuspidatum, l.! cat. (er herb herb. Willd.) ; - Cest. p. 101. : UNS Ell.! sk.1. p. 197; DC. l. c. G. brachiatum, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103. G.. suaveolens, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p.48. G. P ennsylvanicum, Bart. compend. fl- Philad. 1 ot 83, not of Muhl. Moist woodlands, nearly throughout the United States (from Maine! to Alabama! and Louisiana!) and Canada! to Oregon! California Reon Unalaschka! and Sitcha. Also a native = Lapland, Sweden, nd Russia ! June as far south as Moscow ! -July. m 1-4 feet long, sonetinieg uite - smooth and gl. ven on the an, | the br anches short and diverge: uen i wk i $ >. x P p = je Res ous 3 : A dew E. 24 RUBIACE Æ. oc | Leaves membranaceous (sometimes in whorls of 5), eyes at the babes varying in size from 2 inches to three-fourths of an inch in length; those of the branches more cares “peta cuspidate. Peduncles taker twice tricho- tomous. Flowers small, greenish, or greenish-white in open places: th hairs.—This plant has a wi (alth to considerable diversities, which however we cannot distinguish as varieties. The smaller-leaved forms (G. cuspidatum, Ell. &c. ee abound in the Southe ern shag It exhales a vanilla-like odor in drying. * * Flowers dull hes or brownish: peduncles axillary and terminal, usually 2-3 times di-trichoton 12. G. pilosum (Ait.): stem — hirsute or hairy; leaves 4 in whorl, oval, mucronulate, ndi inctl rved at se! base, punctate wit pe dots, hiy and ciliate ; i sn e" si ra twice or thrice di- mite: froit ionis uud x with dio bristles.— Ait. Kew peo fi ae 104; Ell. sk. 1 ue 196; Torr. if L Lg 167; Dorlinat. ni Bg. uina uon osum : ES das latem, except r^) cilinte margins, — glabrous.—G. puncticulosum, Michz.! fl. 1. p. 8 EN Le; ds Ber nse, Linn. spec. 1. p. 105, as to syn. Gronov., va not of Pluk. alm. t. 248. G. a Pursh. fl.1.p. 104; Ell. t. c? G. stig Es ht Pers. syn. 1. p. 128. Dry ry t and in sterile i mia a: e. nA on Amed, sam, ns o Lou New York! to Texas! £. vee 1-2 feet laneeolate, or often ovate-lanceolate, rather acute.— Torr.! cat. » New York, P ; DC.! l.c. G. lanceolatum, E bes Hook. fl. Bor.- she.) -P 280; Darlingt. jl. Cest: p. 102. 9. d vy ae . oe D. < SF Hh &. EN im zii Sm {Y= mon Eom: : dwarf ; leaves ES nearly glabrous.—G. Littellii, “Rich woodlands, Pae to Florida, Louisiana! Arkansas! m Mis- y. Mountains ura Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, Mr. Oakes! Mr. W. F. Macrae! Mr. Tuckerman.—Stems 10-18 is ‘high, many from the ike ss root, or branched from the base. Leaves lb 9f in B. sometimes more than 9 inches long, variable as to pubescence ; k = 2 E: d | EL. eel ncc siloedines pania: — Linn. pe ft, 1. p. 169 ; Gat RUBIACE X. 25 lov surface marked with E reari pese dots. The inflores- cence assumes a scorpioid form uncles usually fork at the base the pedicel of the agree irre ver seldom if ever afterwards : beyond this - the sole of the ncle are prolonged genesi bearing a solitary almost or quite bi ari or ide] fower each node. Corolla brown- ish- pipke (rarely cream-colored !) ; the ‘hia: acuminate- c: Fruit clot hed with dense whi 3 bristles.—The leaves of our var. cab said by Dr. Darlington, not to have the sweet taste Wek characte 3G. poe that plant is usually per ehä aps EA distinct in xim ru : the fre- quent in aepye te states seem to forbid their spin on. Wes e out var. state ie ha ro growing upon hi h iod but our specimens are insu e ae ane are 4-6 inches long, and the leaves large in boue —W; il Liq 14. G. latifolium (Michx a stem erect, smooth; leaves 4 in a whorl, lati- Ó acute, 3-nerved, punctate with oblong n lend dots, glabrous; the margins and mec he minutely —— vet — axillary and termi- ai the short branches, tw or mous, and with the filiform pas divaricate o or spreading ; ; fruit (pitiy large) glabrous.—JM ichz. ! fl. nutely scabrous.—G. latifolium, Hook, compan. to bot. ma t n i On the Alleghany Mountains of North and South Carolina, M ichauz ! Fraser (in herb. D fG a, Mr. Buck ri (or Arkan- nn ly.—Stem t es ngelmann! J July. foo e high. Lea 1-2 inches long, tapering from near the Hae to the apex, rade acute at — end; the whorls n distant. lowers violet-purple." Mie e have seen the specimens in the lir aria of Michaux and De Candolle, but have only recently cde the plant from Mr. Buckley, who states that variety from Dr. ng nis in * * * Flowers white ; the peduncles disposed in a terminal panicle. G. boreale (Linn.): stem erect, straight, smoothish; — 4 ina wor, linear-lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, rather obtuse; panicle el ongated, somewhat pyramidal; fruit hispid with short scarcely uncinate hairs, s z p- win p Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 289; Darlingt. os TM p.103. G. Torr.! cat. pl. New York. p. 23. G. septen trionale, tty (— Schult. syst. 3. p.253; Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 5A; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 60 Woods and - aa gon ! 2 feet ing, often pubescent at the nodes. Lea s 10-18 lines eg often broadly lanceolate, and slightly S ns young in the dodo plant. bes of the corolla acute.—' European variety with glabrous fruit, and another with the o art is “slightly E ind sparsely hispid: both these states occur not unfrequently i untry. GE. T rubioides (Lin inn.): stem erect, cr d — leaves 4 in a shor dan sng a strongly 3-nerved, scabrou on the m ; pe merous, trichotomous,. oaii in a appre rminal fms ed fruit aa cae ipo 1. p. 105; dips & Schlecht. in etu 3. p. 220; decer tn Hook. § Arn. bot. Beechey, En Hook. fl. Bor.- Ta dae elevated soils, under pino trees, in the valley ofthe Oregon, Douglas s VOL. I1.—4 * T$ Xu 26 RUBIACER. |. Gauum. Kotzebue’s Bound: Capt. Beechey.—This is a deni plant, with the habit of G. boreale, but with larger and broader leave Hooker pes that he. has .— reeeived specimens of it from the United Bone ‘under the name of G. Bers E qnudianum ; but his plant is perhaps G. latifolium. X the authority of — Steven, De Candolle mentions a variety with hispid frui * * * * Flowers yellow, in dense panicles terminating the branches: fruit “smooth, G. verum (Linn.) : stem erect, lpk leaves 8 in a whorl, narrow- ly tiea, sakai, scabrous with what revolute margins ; flowers ` crowded.— Linn. spec. 1. Be ‘107 os iut ae e "d ; Fl. Dan. t. 11465 Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 5 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 6 3 b astures, Roxbu E o Bi, uid f North Bridgewater, - oo Mr. Tuckerman ! ! Doubtless introduced from Europe. Jun E: i Doubtful Species. : G. parviflorum (Raf.): stems uem angled, glabrous; leaves in whirls of d or 6, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabro us; flowers paniculate (white, minute), v Trag Yerous.— Raf. in ies; repos. (hex. 2) ^ p. 360, T in Desv. jour. bot 227. Near easi; DoisWare: Rafinesque. Sunorver Il. CINCHONEUE. (Order Cinchonacem, Lindl.) Leaves opposite, or very rarely verticillate. Stipules one (2 united) : or two on each side between the petioles Cuterpeticien) often united | with each other or with the petioles, or with both, to " shea ivation of the corolla valvate, breed, or contorted. ! Ovary hant with the tube of the calyx, or very rare ly with the up- 7 ben E tropical or subtropical trees or shrubs, rarely | # Trize I. | SPERMACOCE Æ. Cham. & Schlecht. Fruit dry, or — fleshy, composed of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) l.sceded - 3 carpels; which are sometimes concrete, sometimes separating and in- - dehiscent, or ani dehiscent, but never loculicidal. Albumen — fleshy or somewhat horny. JEstivation of the corolla valvate.—Herbs — j or shrubs. Stipules membranaceous at the base, usually with severs! ; bristles at the apex. ; P a Subtribe 1. a DC.—Fiowers distinct. Fruit dry, sepata- : "- when mature into 2 (rarely 3 or 4) carpels, or sometimes inseparable 2. SPERMACOCE. Linn. (partly); Gertn. fr. t. 25; Cham. $ Schlecht in Linnea, 3. p. 355; DC. prodr. 4. p. 552. | . Calyx-tube ovate or turbinate ; de limb 2-4-parted, sometimes with ac- - cessory teeth. Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibuliform, 4-lgbed. Sta- - mens 4. Stigma 2-cleft or undivided. Fruit dry, crowned with the (some- E times obliterated) teeth of the calyx, 2-celled; the 2 one-seeded carpels seperate from the UNE downwards ; the one closed by the dissepiment, the — | -oblong, peltz SpermMacocr. 3 i RUBIACES. i 27 the face. eT or rarely suffrutescent plants (chiefly tropical), with linear, oblong, or roundish leaves. Stipules cohering with both petioles, s ncm fringed with several bristles. Flowers small, axillary, sessile, wded or in whorls, usually pale blue or white. apum acoce, Borreria, and Diodia, differ only in the dehiscence of the fruit: in the first, one carpel opens while the other remains closed; in the second, both are dehiscent ; in the t , both are indehiscent. 1. S. glabra (Michx.): herbaceous, perennial, n: glabrous; leaves lanceolate ; whorls m any-flowered; calyx 4-toothed ; corolla cam- (Hagen menit a little longer than the tyi: very woolly in the throat; anthers included, nearly sessile at the — of the e ; style very ‘short; stig tii’ lobed ; fruit turbinate.—Miche. TAA p 82; Pare JR 105. Banks of rivers, ea eae South Western Sees — see Dr. hapma ! Texas, Drummond! July-Aug nching, 1-2 feet long ; the bra tiles. pet quadrangular. Tana x 3 Golo ong, acute, atternuate at the base. tipules wi ad pote desi which ar several times anger than the sheath. W hor 0-flowered. Flow ` scarcely more than 14 line long. Teeth of te man lanceolate. Corolla ecd © lobes semi-oblong tyle almost wanting: stigma with 2 di- chartaceous ; the cells — ti Eras Capsule eds attaches by iio middle = the face to the placen Embryo in the axis of Er vu oblong wards.— | TE cartilaginous album g: cael pointing downw. he T m ticies blackish i in i drying, ou attenuated at the base into a petiole, sihn t scabrous above k, ry clusters ; corolla fannel-form, 3 tim eue serted ; style et asd Weiden stigma Satay 9. bad: 7 ape oblong- PY tidak cro ned with 4 ca alyx-t eeth. Middle Florida, on bis banks of the deo River, JD Met tne / and n Louisiana !—Stem about 2 feet high. Lea a half long, pa a ditus gly sree d beneath with the anaple - obliape ae "c usters flowers dense, often haif an inch in diameter. Calyx slightly hairy; the teeth lanceolate. Corolla 3 lines long, white? Filaments slender, ee i e y ure, lea the thin dissepiment adhering to one of the cells.—Nearly allied to - tenuior ; but that species hes ashort« obov ate fruit, and very short pecia stamens and WwW style. e ha from Louisiana (in flower, ut du but have no memorandum of the source from which they were Yr s ed ; in these the lobes of Ted dorella are sprinbles, both inte y and REPERTA with sho , apparently deciduo - S. tenuior (Linn.): stem annual, branching; the branches obtusely angie, labour somewhat scabrous; leaves lanceolate, with short petioles, ` scabrous on the margin and a surface; stipules with 5-6 bristles, which are rather longer than the sheath ; rls few, many-flowe "ei corolla some- what campanulate, the tube scarce M twice the — of the calyx ;. much shorter than the corolla ; Mb the length of the stamens; — 2- lobed; eaj psule obovate, crowned with 4 calice fee spec. l.p. 102; Rub. l. c. t. rod rehe idu i ie A. Rich. mem. ; De. 552. S. verticillis ten West, Florida, Mr. E enui * " * wnwards, and í a longitudinal chink along the inner surface.’ a obovate-oblong, marked x = Flowers small, in axillary or terminal ae capitate whorls, blue oF — : E. A m E xx € ta. 28 RUBIACES. =. vs SPERMACOCE. ^ mens glabrous. Leaves about an inch long. Whorls few-(6—10-) flowered. ? Flowers smaller than in the preceding species. Anthers roundish-oblong.— This is chiefly a West Indian species, and we doubt whether it has been . found hitherto within the limits of our Flora sis — t Doubtful Species. $ . S. ki egg Alae E stem diea i cie Pat! aed e p Wate: lanc minate, hirsu n both surfac tipules w Ed bristles ; ee te iia aten: iea nai, Pork, ft. P. p ET. E Carolina, Fraser.—About a foot high. Leaves broad and somewhat ob- ‘a . Flowers white, wi tube. Pursh. s we suspect ther e mistake as to the locality), is marked, per by Mr. Don, “ S. Mi "Bot. mag."; a species which has been referr the = Cruse sea. 3. BORRERIA. Meyer, fl. Essequeb. p. 79; DC. prodr. 4p 540. B. Bigelovia, Spreng. syst. ; not Spreng. entd., nor of Smith, nor of Raf. nor of DG. Calyx-tube ovate; the > limb persistent, 2—4-toothed. Corolla infundibu form or hypocrateriform, 4- lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 2-cleft or undivided: Fruit dry, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, 2-celled; the 2 one- -seeded ; carpels separating from the apex dow each dehiscing equally b on the face with a longitudinal furrow.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent (tropi-- cal) plants. Leaves sometimes mcos véstistihia from the fascicles in the axils. Stipules cohering with both petiol s, fringed with several bristles* — calyx Sarien T ampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Leavenworth !—Stem 2 feet or more in len ngth | (erect?) ; the internodes about 2 inches long. Leaves 1-2 inches in iene ris ve on iscence, this em resembles Hedyotis, onè — species of which (H. monosperma, Wight & Arn.) has but a cU seed in each cell .. 4. DIODIA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 25; DC. prodr. 4. p. 561. — ovate or obovate, often 8-nerved ; the limb 2-4-parted. Co rol i infundibuliform or tubular, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted into dio dm Sae cells E. undivided. Pu o yc * A - he si e # : S e - s ou i Diopta. * RUBIACEZE. 29 * fleshy, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, 2- (rarely 3-) celled; the 2 (or 3) one-seeded carpels separating from the apex downwards, both indéhiscent. . Seeds oval, peltate, flattish, marked with a shallow furrow on the face.— Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants (American, fs c tropical} with the habit of Spermacoce. Leaves often fascicled in the a appear verticillate. Stipules usually fringed with bristles. Pas: small, white, axillary, solitary or several together. * Corolla somewhat hypocrateriform, with a long and very slender tube: style deeply 2- cleft ; fruit crowned with 2 (or 4 alternately smaller) calyx-teeth. . D. Eingang (Linn.) :-: pou herbaceous; stem proc bent ; i ok aves varying from lanceolate-lin ong espe sessile es of me the stipu es longer a the haath : “fide ers solita opposite $ tube of the Ra nded ; iar plus y lobes of ihe deeply 2-cleft style filiform ; PN . ovoid or oblong, oa gen, crowned with 2 (rarely 4 eerie smaller Fè lanceolate calyx- eth. ^. a. Linnei: nearly glabrous ; oad erre : e epa somewhat. ~ glabrous.—D. Virginiana, E nn. s p-104; Lam. ill. t. T Vir- ^ 4 ginica, aber it spec. 1 p. 5 d N syn. n. Walt]. Purs he m T Pg + E. E 41x our Lee odr. 4. p. 562. Spermacoce Viii, k Rich. mem. l. c. E . bud P i PE! S: 8 T Eco: es ovate-lanceolate : fruit ovate, - I fl. 1. p. 81. D. tetragona, Walt. Car. p. l-e í y- hirsuta: whole plant very Bay; ; Aer linear- mrs yay acute; fruit oblong.—D. hirsuta, Pursh „fl-1 ; Ell. sk-1. p.191; DC.l.c Damp » soil, grito along vut : B. irginia! to ge Florida! Alabama ‘and Louisiaha! y. South Guam Elliott. Georgia, Pursh, | Middle Florida, Dr. Chap man ! Marea on 1-2 feet long, somewhat quadrangular. Leaves ue inches long; in 3. those of the branches much shorter and broader in proportop n than the lower cauline ones ; in y. nearly all of equal le ngth. Flowers nearly half an inch long. Corolla white ; the segments lanceolate-oblo ong, More or less hairy inside. Anthers linear. Capsule 2-3 lines long in a. and 8., 4-5 lines Ne = By with several strong longitudinal ridges. “Seed oblong, plano-co i as nag as the albumen: colyledons ee : radicle inferior, endo. — many intermediate forms between D. Virginica, eim im and hirsuta o. authors, that we can scarcely distinguish them eve FS * * Corolla infundibuliform, with a wide tube: style undivided : ; stigma capitate or $. E lobed: fruit crowned with 4 (rarely 5) calyz-teeth. = 2. D. teres Hcr annual, ascending or proeumbent ; ‘stems pu ubescent or hairy; leaves linear or io protons ire of the stipules much. longer than the fi fruit; flowers solitary or 2-3 in each axil; corolla much. longer than the minutely otie en ais teeth; the stamens shorter than its ere stigma large, 2-lobed ; fruit somewhat hairy, ovoid-turbinate and somewhat — separating into 2 crustace WAS gpm oe Car. p. 87 ; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 562 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. rmacoce diodina, Micke. tf. 1; p88; Parik, fi. p. 85; Ell. de De . p. x5; Torr.! TT T im af l Sahiy fi fields, New Jersey! to Florida! and Louisiana! and west to Ii~ : ! and the sources of the Canadian River, Dr. James ! eS -Sept— -Stem nearly terete, 4-16 inches high, m much branched, clothed with a sh T = m. By G- RUBIACE®. : Dióda 3 pubescence, and peccet Seed sns hirsute hairs. Leaves about an on Ant linear-oblong. Capsule (usually but one in each asi aot 2 lines ees much longer ihai the calyx-teeth. 3. D. tricocca : perennial, much branched, depressed; stems somewhat airy : leaves res tina, i revolute margins; oid a u pie scarcely h d !—Plant sedie a small state of D. teres, 3-4 E nidrib beneath som n youn 5 ve fruit much smaller than in the preceding ; the alter ne h alt the : e, and apparently always tricoccous, very hispid when young, as well à "e liliiceolare teeth of the calyx. with stout bris stles ; bi ut the mature ee is specimens do not exhibit the corolla in god condita: Pues all the flow des 3 w i t ; TIC í pellary ovary, while the teéth of the calyx are 4, or very rare ely 5, in nu ves E ee these characters are not constant, but the species is very different — m any with which we are acquainted. L. Subtribe 2. Puronrkm, DC.—Flowers distinct. Fruit somewhat fleshy upaceous, seldom bipartible. M Un nf ee AR Tus . 5. ERNODEA. Swartz, prodr. p. 99, & fl. Ind. Occ. p. 223, t.4; .Gertn. > fr. t. 196, Sf: 63 A. Rich. mem. l. c. t. 15, f. 2; DC. prodr. 4. p. "576. Calyx-tube ovate ; the lobes of ‘the 4-6 parted limb T linear, acute, 'orolla serted into the upper part of the tube: anthers linear, exserted. Style fili- A form, longer than the stamens: stigma emarginate. Fruit drupaceous, 3 z : obovate or roundish, 2-celled, crowned, with the long erect segments of the í calyx, bipartible when mature ; the nuclei 1-seeded, cartilaginous, indehis- . cent. Seeds peltate, flat and furrowed on the face. Embryo straight: -~ . cotyledons oval -suffrutescent and decumbent glabrous (West Indian) plant; with sessile’ somewhat rigid lanceolate leaves. Stipules sheathing, . many-parted. Flowers pre f solitary, sessile, qitdiowish. Fruit yellow... M vigo l. c.)—Knoxia, P. Browne, Jam. p- 140. no. 1. Thy- t Jam. t. coy Blodgett! Southern I Dr. Hassler !—Stem 6-10 inches bue ranching from the base, stout C rangular. cond crowded tow "dida tha extremity of short branches, _ at coriaceous or paei very acute and Putman m Xn Qo. & CEPHALANTHUS. RUBIACE X. d 31 Subtribe3. CEPHALANTHES, DC.—F lowers and fruit sessile and densely aggregated on a globose receptacle. Fruit dry, 2-4-partible. 6. CEPHALANTHUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 59; Gertn. fr. t. 86 Calyx-tube obpyramidal; the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, slender; the lobes of the 4-cleft limb erect, imbricate in estivation. Stamen scarcely exserted. Style filiform, much exserted : stigma capitate. Fruit inversely pyramidal, coriaceous, 2-4-celled, separating from the base to the summit into 2—4 closed one-seeded portions. Seeds pendulous, conforman « to the cell, crowned with a kind of corky arillus. Embryo straight, i axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : cotyledons oblong, fo Is: , radicle slender.—Shrubs (American) ; with oval or lanceolate (opposite or tern ate) leaves. Stipules short, distinct or somewhat united. Flowers densely aggregated in a globose head (the receptacle hairy): the peduncles terminal and from tbe upper axils. Corolla white.— Button- Bush. d- Sees s ovata or ipee oval, ac minate, distinctl niet Eis glabro usi] duncles x om = ES Mesi, usually ternate at the extremity b cuum : P ES Pcie arb. t. 54, Se oe x a 21, & t. 5. & 6. ROP sh. fl. 1. ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 186 ; Torr.! fl. 1-.p- — 164; Bart. jl. Amer. Sept. 3, t 91; ' Darkiagt fl. Cest. p. 98 ; "DC. prodr.4. ~ B. younger branches and lower surface of the EN pubescent. arginof swamps and wet thickets, Canada! and Northern States! to Georgia! Arkansas! and Texas! (the northern ie usually glabrous; the © southern more or less pubescen July~Aug.—Shrub 3-10 h wW h g the ovary; the teeth obtuse, persistent. ei “nearly half an — long ; | the limb Arii fume fee the lobes obtu E II. B dee De. Fruit drupac "one-secded bony or crustac inna hich à are re falta or 'grébved on the inner: side, and often L marked with a furrow on the outer. Albumen h or peii cartilagi zem ZEstivation of the corolla — x — shrubs. Stipules 2 between the petioles on each si er dient or combined. Fl lowell Mestinct, or in capitate involucrate fascicles. 7. CHIOCOCCA. P. Browne, Jam. p. 174; Linn.; I Gaertn. fr. t. 26 ; A. Kich, mem. l. c. p- 106; DC. pr Calyx-tube ovate ; the limb — 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate-in- - '.fundibuliform, 5-lobed; the lobes spreading. Stamens 5: im serted into the base of the corolla, and scarcely cohering with it, somewhat — monadelphous, pubescent : anthers linear, included. Style filiform, some- € Cnrococca- what clavate at the summit: stigma entire, or of 9 agglutinated lobes. Fruit fleshy, globose-compressed and somewhat didymous, crowned with the calyx-teeth, including 2 oblong coriaceous nucules. Seeds suspended. Em-. bryo straight, in the axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : radicle long and slender: cotyledons small.—Shrubs (tropical American), o often with sarmentose branches. Leaves petioled, glabrous. Stipules connate. Flow- ers white or often turning yellowish, im axillary opposite racemes. (Root ¥ emetic, &c.) " i c. racemosa (Jacq) : leaves ee acute at each end; corolla many times e teeth of the = s filaments puberulent. y ^» ET fl. 1. ; Andr. bot. rep. t. 284; Hook. ! etot. a3 prodr: &. p. 482 T d eg a.) Jasminum flore myrtino, — &c.,; Sloane, Jam. t. ee J. : Porisivilieoum racemosum, &c., Dill. Ellh. - : t. 228, f. 295. Lon ba, Linn. spec. 1. 1175. Sea coast of Florida, Mekaar ! Key West, Mr. Blodg gett! i West Indian & Mexican.)—Leaves 2-3 inches des and an inch. Or. re broad, hite. The branches are sometimes sarmentose ; the leaves somewhat va- E - riable in form, and often acuminate; and the racemes either simple or pani- — | culate —Snowberry. 8. PSYCHOTRIA. Wert Gern: fr. t. 25; DC. ted 4. p. 504; © rn. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 432 a lyx-tube ovate ; the limb short, 5-lobed, 5-toothed, or soniewnae entire. © Corolla infundibuliform, us ‘short, 5- (or rarely 4-) cleft, regular, with ~ the throat glabrous or bearded; the limb spreading or recurved; the seg- = ments incurved at the point: æstivation valvular. Stamens 5, or rarely 4 anthers exserted or included within the throat of t r Feni drupaceous, containing 2 nucules, crownes nuc -seeded. Seed Eid a cartil ed) z — Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous plants. ‘site, petioled. Peduncles usually terminal. Flowers panicled oi ES WE Es e lanceolata (Nutt.): leaves lanceolate, EPA s at each end; lower s well as the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent; stipules i plesiai m -B5 " » deciduous, sphacelate; c corymb terminal, trichotomous bee DC Nu. in Sill. = 5. p. 290 (1822) ; DC. prodr. 4 Pae East be Florida ; Mr. sei Leaves 2-3 inches long. putem bt E red."—This i es unknown to us. De Candolle remarks that he h pec! y Michaux. We have insufficient specimens, apparently cies of Ao ears collected in Florida by Dr: MonINDA. s Burm: die 33 Trine TII. GUETTARDER. Kunth. Fruit drupaceous, 2-8-celled, or containing 2-8 one-seeded nucules; Seeds somewhat terete, elongated, usually - erect. Albumen mostly eshy. -JEstivation of the corolla usually contorted or valvate.— Small trees, shrubs, or very rarely herbs. Stipules between the pe: .. tiles. Subtribe 1. Morinpex, DC.—Flowers and fruit aggregated in a densé head and more or less coherent with each other. Æstivation of the corolla valvate.—'T'ropical shrubs or small trees. 9. ‘MORINDA. Vaill.; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. T Jd a Calyx-tube obovate, cohering with the adjoining flowers; the limb short, scarcely t thed. Corolla infundibuliform; the tube somewhat terete; the limb spreading, 5- (rarely 4-) lobed. Stamens 5 (rarely 4): fil ts short t anthers usually included. Style filiform: stigma 2-cleft; the lobes filiform: Fruit baccate, containing 2-4 nucules, all usually concreted into a com- pound subglobose fruit, which is areolate ae the vá of the ws Em- bryo terete, in a fleshy albumen.—Shrubs o rare 3 or 4 ina whorl. Stipules within the ae ae obtuse. Pedunclés solitary or several together, axillary, opposite the leaves (from the suppres- sion of a leaf), or terminal. Flowers sessile upon a globose receptacle, 1:3 Bark of | spe root styptic and used for dyeing.) E L I. Roio c (Linn.) : patroia j eae at the base; leaves broadly EC OPTE eia acute, graduall we e base into a short petiole ; stipules broad and very short, poe H Fieis short, axillary of opposite a leaf; ES exserted.—. Linn. spec. 1. p.176; Jacq. indob. t. prodr. 4. p. 448. es pen c Plumier, ic Pluk. alm. t E Oui in the West Indies, api epi à both arcee, except a pubescence in the axils h. £ s 4—6 lines long, esaii opposite inch in diz ui Flowers crimson. CAE ibe 2. MrrcnLLER.— Flowers solitary, o or geminate with their ovaries Gnited. JEstivation of the corolla valvate. Albumen somewhat [ox ilaginous or corneous.—Creeping a natives of the northern . and southern extratropical regions, and on within the tropics. 10. MITCHELLA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 63; Gaertn. fr. t. 192. Chamedaphne, Mitch. ; not of Buxb. Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Limb of the calyx conspicuous, 4-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, wah: a sonièr tube, 4-lobed ; the lobes Spreading, densely hirsute or bearded within - wel ss oe See x 34 ; = RUBIACER. MircBELLA. throat of the corolla: anthers oblong. Style filiform: stigmas 4, linear, somewhat exserted. Fruit baccate, oblate- -globose,-usually composed of the united ovaries of both flowers (one of them sometimes abortive, or want- ing ?) ; each of which contains 4 small corneous 1-seeded nucules. Embryo minute, at the extremity of somewhat cartilaginous albumen: cotyledons short; the radicle thick. Glabrous creeping evergreen herbs (indigenous to North America, and perhaps to the mountains of Peru ?) with = ovate .- or roundish petioled leaves. Stipules triangular-subulate, minute. E terminal, white or pale rose-color, odorous. Fruit bright red, edible persistent. ENS have drawn the character —— from M. r repens; since it is Raper. ether = eer A ave not seen,) belongs to this genus, rather that to a. Does Mm Nera depressa, Banks (or rather Solander), as left by De Candolle, hes ex or more species ? 1. M. repens (Linn.) : leaves "— vie often slightly cordate ; pe- duncle 2-flowered.—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 1 fu 1. 1. p. 86; Pursh, Ji- 1. p. 101 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 198 ; Torr.! d . p-174; Bigel. fl. Bos Bn 2. p. 52; Bart. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 95, f. 1; DC.! prodr. 4. p. ; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. i Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 105. Ae oe cifera, &e., Pluk. amalth. t. 444, f. 2; Catesb. Car. 1. t. 20. Tonoa ; PP foliis subovatis &c. Gronov. ! ed. 1 h oist woods, about the roots of trees, pei r throughout the United States! to Florida! and Louisiana! xico, ex DC. ico, ex June. paper to April in the Southern cus Ell.)— Stems slender, branching, 6-12 inches long. Leaves on slender petioles, half an inch or n *. line, a = texture, turning blackish in drying. Corolla about half an a li inch long; sometimes 3-cleft (and then triandrous), Mee les . 5-8-cleft, but never Gret d with more than 4 stamens. rries about a third of an inch in diameter, broader than long, crowned wi je perisi ith th teeth of two calyces, brie e red, edible but insipid, persistent io the winter and until the plant flowers again.— Par rtridge- Berry. Subtribe 3. EvevETTARDEE, DC. (excl. gen.)—F lowers distinct. Es- P. tivation of the corolla usually contorted. Albumen fleshy.— Tropical trees. E or shrubs. 11. GUETTARDA. Linn.; Vent. oc t: 1; Gertn. dr ik 36; ; A. a Rich. mem. l. c. p. 121 Calyx-tube orate or globose ; the limb tubular, persistent or deciduous, truncate or irregularly toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform ; the tube cylindri- 4-9, oval-oblong. -Anthers 4-9, nearly sessile in the throat of the nn linear. Stigma cse e 2-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, subglo- bose or ovate, usually crown e persistent limb of the calyx : endo- carp bony, obtusely odas. idisse the cells 1-seeded. Seeds some- what terete.—Small trees or shrubs (mostly tropical American) ; with ovate = lanceolate, or rarely cordate leaves. Stipules lanceolate, deciduous. Pe- duncles » once or twice dichotomous; the flowers sessile in the forks. and unilateral on the — of the peduncle. GUETTARDA. RUBIACE Æ. 35 G. elliptica ? (Swartz) : leaves ovate and clipica rather obtuse, mu- eret; hairy on both surfaces; petioles short; peduncles usually "tir than the leaves; cymes 2-cleft; flowers terramerous tube of the corolla silky-hirsute, three times as long, as the calyx; p "us calyx at length deciduous.—Swartz, prodr. p. 59? DC. prodr. 4. ^ Key West, Florida, Mr. Piode ett/—A shrub; pi xiu Miri je pu- bescent. Leaves 1-2 inches long, rather acute at i: base, the lower surface more hairy than the upper: dep 2-3 ÉD Peduncles sometimes rather longer than the "ven twic t dichotomou 8. ut one- alyx tiae, ipa tched on one side of the orifice, subulate Style filiform, included : stigma entire. Immature e ovate.—We have not seen authentic specimens of G. elliptica, do species which agrees most nearly with ours ; but ix seems to differ in the leaves ia smoothish above, and in the 2-lobed stigma. 12. ERITHALIS. P. Browne, Jam. t. 17, f. 3; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 159; Gerin. fr. 1. 96 ; A. Rich. mem. l. c. p. 133; DC. prodr. 4. p. 465. Calyx-tube ovate; the limb short, 5- ere Corolla somewhat rotate, 5-parted ; the segments lin Stame : filaments subulate, inserted in- to the base of the corolla: bn E dut Style stout, as long as the filaments: stigma bilamellate, the lobes agglutinated. Ovary 5-10-celled; with a single pendulous ovule in each cell. Drupe globose, somewhat fleshy, suleate, with 5-10 bony nucules.—Glabrous (chiefly West Indian) shrubs. Leaves petioled, somewhat coriaceous. Stipules persistent, short and broad. Flowers in paniculate cymes from the axils of the uppermost leaves. - E. fruticosa (Linn.): leaves obovate; panicles — fruit 8-10- ud crowned with the truncate LET of the calyx.—D0C. prodr. l.c. E. odorifera, Jacq. stirp. Amer. p. 72. t 3, f: 83 Southern Florida, Dr. Leitner dew about 2 pua Pon, obtuse, the lateral veins indistinct, abruptly tapering at the base into a ‘short petio Stipules with a small mucronate point. Cymes Ere eari flowers prase crimson ? x. Tree IV. HAMELIEJE. A. Rich., DC. Fruit baccate, 3-many-celled; the cells many Albumen fleshy.— Trees or shrubs. Sti tipules between the "(rarely verücillate) petioles, 13. HAMELIA. Jacq. stirp. Amer. p. 71. t. 50, & ic. rar. t. 335; Lam. ill. t. 155; Gaertn. fr. t. 191 § 196. P Calyx-tube oval; the lobes 5, short, erect, "leute, persistent. Corolla tu- bular, somewhat 5-angled, slightly 5-lohed at the summit; the lobes equal, scarcely spreading. Stamens 5, inserted into the middle of the corolla, in- cluded: anthers oblong-linear. Stigma obtuse, somewhat poit Berry oval, 5-furrowed, 5-celled ; the cells membranaceous, many-se minute, compressed.— Tropical American shrubs. Leaves pe. ternately or quaternately verticillate, petioled. Stipules one on each side, lanceolate- : subulate, Flowers s red or orange, showy, in di-tric 36 RUBIACEZ. HAMELIA. 1. H. patens g acq.) : pos ternate, oval-oblong, acuminate at each end, villous-pubescent underneath ; cymes colored, di- ege, aet in a terminal pedunculate umbel; esin cylindri up - DC—Jacy. stirp. Amer. l. c. ; Smith, exot. bot. t. 94; DC. prodr. «p. TU coccinea, Sudriz, pe p. 46. Dubamelia m Pere. at, 1. pu ' . Key West, Florida, Mr. Bennett Ae shrub 8-10 feet high, with a trunk 3-4 inches in and meter ; the ies e branches minutely pu pe nch o Leaves 2-4 inches long, and an i hat glabrous ve. gd sexe forked, with ihe flowers sessile in pp on the divisions; the common peduncle trifid. Flowers bright red, very handsome. Berry about aerae of an inch long. Seeds oval, scrobiculate, only one (in our specimen) ripening in A ell. Trizg V. EUCINCHONEÆ. (Cinchonaceæ, DC.) Fruit capsular, 2-celled; the cells many-seeded. Seeds winged. Albumen fleshy. —Trees or shrubs, Stipules between the petioles. 14. EXOSTEMMA. Dc. diss. 1806 ; A. Rich. mem. l. c. p. 280. Exostema, Pers. (8 of Cinchona), L. C. Richard. Calyx-tube obovate ; the limb 5-toothed. Corolla with a long terete tube, the segments of the 5-parted limb linear, revolute, valvate in news. Stamens 5, inserted into the corolla near the base, much exserted: anthers narrowly linear. Style filiform, clavate at the summit: stigma entire’ or somewhat 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, opening at the summit by septici- dal dehiscence. Seeds flat, with a circular winged margin, retrorsely im- bricated.— Trees or shrubs of tropical America, (the bark febrifugal or some- | emetic; but destitute of Quinia and Cinchonia, according to St. 4 Hilaire), usually glabrous. Stipules one on each side. Peduncles axillary terminal. or 1. XE. Caribeum (Rem. & Schult.) : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the petiole; teeth of the calyx very short.— Schult. syst. 5. p. 18; DC. prodr. 4. 9. . Cinchona Caribea, Jacq. stirp. Amer. t. 179, f. 85. & obs. LEHI Garin. fr- t. 33; Lamb. Cinch.1.4; An = Bot. rep. t. 481. e Jamaicensis, WE a 39 l ; I row The k ark st indies as eoa eris E o mim of this Nati is fom in is We 15. PINCKNEYA. Michx. A. 1. p. 103, t. 13; A. Rich. mem. l: c. p. 277. uc Calyx-tube oblong-turbinate ; four of the segments of the deciduous 5- parted limt Hinear-lanceolate, the fifth usually dilated into a large colored the corolla cylindrical; the lobes of the 5-parted limb linear- oered spreading, somewhat imbricate in æstivation. Stamens 5, into thi near the base, exserted : anthers oblong. Style fili- leaf. oblong, RAN t di Loi Lab , ic - PixckNEYA. RUBIACE X. 37 form: stigma obtusely 2-lobed. Capsule subglobose, coriaceo-chartaceous, 2-valved, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, horizontal, in a double series, flat, with a reticulated membranaceous wing. Embryo large, straight: cotyle- dons foliaceous, concave.—A large shrub or small tree; the young branches &c., hirsute-tomentose. Stipules one on each side, linear-subulate, cadu- cous. Flowers large, in small cymes, which are terminal or in the axils of the upperleaves. Corolla purplish inside, hirsute-canescent externally. P. pubens (Michx. ! 1. c.)J—M ichz.. f. sylv. k r 260, t. 49; Puh Aai. p.158; Ell. sk. 1. p. 269; Nutt.! gen. 1. ; DC. prodr. 4 . p. 366; = E Amer. Sept. t. 7 ; Audubon, birds of Ae E10, Fr. pubescens, Gaertn. f. fruct. 3. p. 80, t. 194. eec pubescens, Pers. syn. 1. p. 197. Cinchona Caroliniana, Poir. dict. 6. p. 4 mps, S. Carolina ! to Middle Florida! May-June.—Stems or irunke ol ea ea Leaves oval, acute or acuminate at both ends, on short pe- tioles, nearly a Moe ve, pubescent or somewhat tomentose beneath, 4— ches long, and 3 or 4 broad. Limb of the calyx ponm e ires (or sometimes two the s Mete dilated into an oval membran (rose- Mee petioled leaf, two or three inches in length. Corolla a ya and a half long; the segments bats than the tube. Capsule about half an incita in V ch the dehiscence loculicidal = at length partly septicidal u | hab The taste and sedie cinal properties of f. Cinchona, and Epeng contains di ine or a new alkaline principle. Tusr VI, HEDYOTIDEJE. Cham. & Schlecht. 16. HEDYOTIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 62; A. Rich. mem. l.c.; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 286; W. & Arn. sare Ind. Or. 1. p. 405; Endl, gen. p. 548, bier. t. 89. : ae - Hedyotis, Houstonia, & Oldenlandia, 3e Xeá ie. DEC, Calyx-tube ovate or globose; the limb 4- (rarely 5- 7) toothed or cleft, i. persistent. Corolla infundibuliform, hypocrateriform, or rotate, .4- {rari m 5-1) lobed; the lobes imbricate in estivation. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, inserted either i in the throat or towards the base of the tube. Stigma usually 2-cleft or 2- lobed. Capsule globose, ovoid, or obcor- m date, mostly cori riaceous, t the summit often free from and exserted beyond the . calyx, 2-celled, opening across the summit by loculicidal dehiscence, : and at length | often slightly septicidal. Seeds few or 2 on placenta (e er sob to which p OMlit into each cell, with a retic ulate testa, —Herbs,. T or suffruticose plants. spo a m RUBIA ER. : - e $e. Plant often Siria blackish in drying. n I Corélla hypocrateriform ; the tube muc longer than the teeth or equal Sk of the calyx (which arë distant in pj ' limb glabrous: stamens and v ce dicecio-dimorphous, i. e., the stamens in | one e plant inserted in or near the throat of the corolla, and. often somewhat. ezserted, and then the style in- cluded ; in the other, the stamens inserted into the tube of the corolla near the base, and the style mite : filaments short: anthers linear or oblong: capsule somewhat didymous or 2-lobed, the — broad summit es from the calyz, loculicidal : seeds several (8-20 in each cell) biculate or reticulated, rr oval or roundish, with a deep hollow on the Mice: small iual o or sometimes perennial herbs : Spules ‘entire, minute: peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 one-flowered.—Hous' gioni, Linn. Hort. Cliff. (Sjjeçies of Anotis, DC., Arn.? Endl. Poiretia, Gmel. Panetos, Raf. 7) - . €xrulea, on which that genus was founded in pel Hortus Clifortianus. — "This, if con- of Anotis, but.in a more restrieted sense perhap 8 very nil NM siderably extended, A L pro obably include a large portion of De Cándolle' : Aou E gentia noides, Endl. icono Loop? t. 89 , certainly belon gs | 4 this sec 1. He mihim ma: annual, glabrous, « engine and d leaves oo with a long attenuate base; [ ncles sor exceediag | 2 e leaves ; capsule obcordate, free only at the sum hc seeds oval, nearl with à ad cavity o n the fac =e" stonia minima, Beck, in Sil ET > Ax nks of o and prairies of the South Western States. Near St. Louis — Rn Missouri, Beck, Dr. Engelmann! New , Nuttall! Arkan a | EE inana Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Hale! March-Ma er but smaller than in H. cerulea; the tube narrowed at the base, a$ calyx-segments. Seeds 10-15 in each cell; the ca vity of the face wider ow in t following, with a iongijüdinal central ri vm ey : d m or biennial, glabrous; stems numerous, E mee = patulate o or oblanceolate, gr o the se t pe — ally Scien “a m, dapuak spre ading; Senet ule very - abo af Daring fe C “rvs — robiculate.— e et " 7T an . . z$ Pa 5 Sept. t. 34, f. 1. H. pasilta; 3 * shay +. 2. ag” 306” T Oct syst. H. Linnai a. elatior, Michx. ! e. Ch 1amejasme voi d Plul 97; f. Sio i nh the -— on both aides, ele ‘toothed, or sometimes fringed E: 1 bristles. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, ques glomerate. x The name Houstonia must be retained for whatever section shall include H. aves 4—5 lines Co ole: rose-color or palie large for the size of n : ] is Ey pia w 4 TT Mus Hgpxvoris. RUBIACE X. T in the Southdfa States) Sept. sedis 3-6 inches high, branching from ad^ lic pe hon mous. f" leaves often minutely hispid on the ow s as as the margin, usually 3-5 lines long. 'Peduncles 1-2 Tone Corolla 4-5 lines long ng (in 8. often much smaller), blue or ‘blue and white (sometimes all white te), with a yellowish throat ; the tube 30 mes longer thaa the oblong-lanceolate calyx-segments; ‘the obes adi than e tube. Zapsule, guae ers : n to the ecalyx. Seeds 8-15 arf Pink. Bluets. - pe H. serpyllifolia : perennial, neca glabrous ; stems numerous or ces- Piney filiform, procüfbent or creeping, elongated ; leaves round Y abruptly narrowed i a dome often Bight cordate, ciliolate ; peduncles terminal, on f the e about the | A. 8. tube.— Houstonia serpy Miche: ! Jl. 1. p. 85; Pursh! n f nella, Purs ria n the high mountains of "ash Das Michauz! T Moun- g tains of Sport Siecle Mr. M. A. Curtis! May.—The filiform stems, in , the spec s of Mr. Curtis, are: 6 to 10 inches long; and. the plant has quite ihe habit of Are alearica, as Sor: aux has remarked: the leayes, — the slender pe jles, do not e i i ches lo ong. athe corolla about.as figi as in-H. cerulea, hee the lobes know no e the Lg is really per ennial.. From _ s gion, Mr. Curtis has sent us specimens of H. caerulea (apparent- ly), with the leaves nearly of the same shape and a die as distinctly peti- - oled, but gd belong to a much stouter and nearl: => ant.— he prio: Ta serpyllifolia of 1 Poiret, is referred to H. ; i Wight & Arn = Eg f 995 the d of the face circulares + fhe m wz Val be. 2 CD e. — [1] g R m ct “a oO ui [e] œ E S e Ms * EUM - H. rotundifolia : “per rennial; stems branched, eine: leaves Mer ee ,,UÉ broadly? en ciliate when young, thickish, abruptly n owed into _- petiole? peduncles axillary and shorte bon sometimes ini: sti and lot y. _ — han the leaves; capsule free weve e middle, very broad, emarginate, .. E o5 ; seeds roundish scant —Houstonia rotundifolia, Mois j ; Ell... anetos i uper ig af. Ano ar. p. 86. gend gie mbens, Gmel. syst. + ” 263. ndifolia e : 4. p. 433. UM Jarolina! 0 lodi ! ind Louisiana! flo wering -— Li eaves | is nt, at length ne arly, labrous, — - an 's (white fom abate as large a . cerulea ;- - g in frui the corolla Shoet than the sle: Cappie splitting almost - 2 poete —The Ho rotuudifolia o Spon 1s : " to H. trine à ET $ § 2. Corolla cas dies hairy à or than the teeth th of the calyx, which are distant from the (2 : e the face: small erect perennial herbs, often corymbosely branche s i e n _ in pie pet cymules.—A MPHI C.* (§ of $ el Lis said to have an 7 ibulifor but the only Ww xc* In De basins sectional cha 40 RUBIACER. Hepyoris. 5. H. : stems erect or € Speram pubescent (at least $ Ten young) with spreading hairs ; leaves ovate o e-lanceolate, closely sessile ve mt se, cie 4 or sprinkled with scattered hairs , 3-5- ro e bas above, the veins of the lower surface and margins pubescent; umbelliform cymules 3-7-flowered, often clustered; lobes of the erae subulate-linear, three or = times the engh of the "tube, and DE longer than the Ie a capsule.—H. umbellata, Walt. Car. p. 85? Houstonia pur- purea, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 105; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 167; Ell. sk. 1. p ; Torr. A. 1. p. 173. - H. varians, Michz.! fl. 1. 86, in part. H. pubes- cens, <8 > ed. repos. (her. 2) 5. p. 361? "Anotis lanceolata, DC. prodr. p. ikos of the ae lanceolate-linear, almost equaling the corolla ; leaves lanceolate.—Hoóoustonia macrosepala, Nuit. / Hedyotis lanceolata, oir. suppl. bred and river banks; Maryland! Virginia! Western Pennsyly vania, and Oh o Alabama! "Tennessee! and Missouri! May-July.—Stems usualy boe from hé same root, branching, about a foot high. Leaves E 1-2 inches long, in size and shape not pera a of Galium cc rounded at the base, rather acute ; varying however e aaae: ; the upper . surface either hairy or glabrous. Stipules ovde se Corolla purple, => about 4 lines long, slightly hairy ere] ; = tube ‘snail longer than the lobes of the calyx. Stamens all exserted in e specimens, all included in others ; the filaments i bs the fe aio case sökerek with the tube of jm corolla to the summit, but they may sometimes be partially detached without | laceration. acts ne only at the summit; the cells several-seeded. - H. ciliolata (Torr.): stems usually numerous and somewhat cespitose, nearly glabrous ; Spite rather thick, obscurely 1-nerved ; the cauline ones ar-o long, mostly obtu: ssi i oblanceolate or btuse, inutely ciliate; the radi ; ine ones oval-spatulate, tapering into a petiole, ciliate Ma y 3-flowered, in c clusters ; ) ls short ; lobes of the calyx fe E about ethe length of the sibglobos ps —Torr.! in S : 7. prodr. ook. Ll. c. Houstonia Riad Toi 4.1.9 8 174. H. Canadensis, Muhl. in herb. Wild.! H. spy" Greliest mo bot. m ag. t. 2882, not of Mic Banks oF rivers and lakes, Carada ie jets ! in herb. Lamb.), Michigan! Falls of Niagara! and on the shore of La tario! nearly confined to limestone formations. Kentucky, Dr. Short ! May- .—Stems 5 broader than in H gi than in that species, clustered, lilac or pale purple. Stipules scarious, round- ish, rather nk Calyx-lobes about half the | length of the tube of the corollas . a Ng ater alf free ; the cells 8-9-seeded . longifolia 4 (Hook.): glabrous; stems erect, 4- -angled with decur“ E jon lines; leaves linear or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, tapering to the base, l-nerv rved; a ical _ “oval or Rn narrowed into a petiole ; vA M" Jb. . (ex xcl. . Michr.) Houstonia E Gerin. fr. 1. p. 996, t. 49, f. 8 (fruit) 3 Willd.! spec. 1. p. 583 ; Ell YAT HE. A p ; Hook. bot. mag. t. 3099. Heec Pursh! fl. 1. p St B. tenuifolia : stem E numerous divaricate branches — Hepyoris. RUBIACE. 41 pierres sine pedicels filiform ; flowers small.—Houstonia tenuifolia, Nutt. 7. uci banks &c., Canada! enr the Stren nn and Northern and Western States! to the upper middle country of re Southern States ! Ohio! and mountains of N. “Ca roli t- € Tennessee to pene June-Ju ly. ee s 5-10 inches high, — numerous don the same root, — 4-sided, bat v ith the angle ma of them, margined aid arrow ecurrent fined. Leave hare lines long, 2-3 lines broad, gla- prods 8, Or che margins very slightly sca MER Stipules scarious, sidd, ovate or o a Flowers rather smaller than in the acodit, pale purple or white. Corolla much longer than the lobes of the calyx. Capsule nearly half free ; the cells about 10-seeded. Stamens and style varying in* versely, as in the preceding species.—This is probably distinct from H. pur- , the row-leaved forms of which sometimes approach it very nearly ; although the — of the calyx-lobes is perhaps not absolutely invariable. Ít seems to pass insensibly into the H. tenuifolia, Nutt. ; which is, however, a remarkably sle ets plant, with more distant narrowly linear leaves, and very slender and spreading br — and pedicels, the latter several times longer than the (about 8-seeded) fru 8. H. stenophylla: slightly suffruticose at the ^ glabrous; stems erect or assurgent, much branc wd Es very narrowly linear, often w ith smaller ones fasciculate -nerve th flowers very numerous, in 3-4 tim d di trichotomous cymules, corymbose at the ME of the iris: TD els seorg the central flower of each cluster almost sessile ; lobes of the me subulate, as A. as the tube ; cap- «nie ean E paii angustifolia, Michx. ! fl. 1 85. (not Hedyotis angustifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) H. fruticosa & um rupestris, Kaf.! —— p in oe gen. 1820. (not sigs rupestris, Swartz.) ` rivers, and prairies; sea-coast of Fl ida, Mi Billion! D i = ses Evam Missouri! Louisiana! Ark uly. m pd — to ae feet high. Ja an inch or more in length. Flowers very n sually fa mbose, pale purple: the tube of the cilia dnes the piesn of the pete (which are furnished with a ew very minute bristly hairs); the oblong segments and throat very villous r a - e E 3 m & 3 1 ones porien of the section. Capsule small — at the base; summit nly free. - Seeds 5-10 in each cell, oval, black.—Readily distinguished by — - inde fruit. In the other species of ^ section, the pedice re 2-7) are equal or nearly so, and more or less elongated in fruit : in this, the central flower of each cymule is nearly sessile. $ 3. Corolla rotate, much shorter than the lanceolate teeth of the calyx, which are spreading and with the sinuses acute in fruit: stamens and style very short: anthers roundish-ovate : capsule ovoid, wholly coherent with the tube of the calyx, loculicidally dehiscent across the summit: seeds very numerous” and minute (50-60 in each cell), angular? herb perennial, with the habit f Spermacoce or Diodia : stipules mostly bimucronate or bisetose on each sides A solitary or 3-4 together in the arils of the leaves, almost sessile.— Ses = . H. se cii me. i: - herba E. gu. at the base, ndi à branched, diffuse, glabrous; branches Lok anier: leaves linear, acute at each end, obscurel ly 1-nerved; stipul small; flowers on very short pedi- — “cels; teeth of the calyx fossa” omy spreading or rec a VOL. II.-6 ie $ Mania we pi a e Jlowers axillary, somewhat L 1 42 RUBIACESR. Hzpvoris. E than the slightly menie roundish- ovoid fruit.—D C.! prodr. 4. gen Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 48. Borders of ponds i Miis. and in open grounds, Carolina (Bose! n to itr die ! Drummond ! Dr. Carpenter ! Alexandria, Dr. Hale! and on the banks of the Sabine, Dr. Leavenworth! July~Sept.—Stems 6- 10 inches the: Leaves about an inch in length. F rs minute; the it d wit ; ‘ § 4. Corolla rotate, much shorter than the teeth of the calyx, which are erect in 3 fruit, with the sinuses acute: stamens scarcely longer than the lobes of the corolla: anthers subglobose: style nearly none: stigmas oblong, obtuse: capsule globose-compressed, wholly coherent with the tube of the calyz, emarginate, loculicidally dehiscent across the summit: seeds very numerous and minute (60 or more in each cell), angular: herb annual, with the habit of Elatine: stipules bisubulate on each side: flowers solitary o or mostly - glomerate in the axils of the leaves.—E t ATINELLA. s and the preceding sections should probably be considered mere mie of i. aroan Oldenlandia, whenever that group shall be definitely character à » orr 1 : nena & H os : p. 85, not UR H. uniflora, Lam. ae H. . inks, ` Spreng. syst. 1. p. "13. Oldenlandia un ! "oun : P- 119. O. glomerata, Michz.! fl. 1. p. 83; Pursh, fe . Margin of swamps, and — brackish marshes, New. York! and New Jersey! to NE ! and Louisiana! June~Oct.—Stem 2-18 “aces high. Leaves half an "e to an in sare long, Xen slightly pubescent, so what 3-nerved at the bate; slightly entm Stipules on each side cleft eid ly to the base into 2 —_— divisions, bs io are as long as the petioles or Darrowed base of the leaves. Flow s small, seldom solitary or three to- gether, and € pedicllat, usually in idee dense clüsters. Corolla many mb of the calyx, white; the lobes semiovate. plant does Mak be blackish | in drying. d $5. (An gen.?) Flowers pentamerous : corolla ees 5-lobed, , somewhat longer than the 5 lanceolate-subulate teeth of the calyx, which are erect in fruit, with the sinuses obtuse; stamens 5, ililuded, mot towards the base of the corolla : anthers oblong : style as long as the stamens: cap- sule turbinate, wholly coherent with (and rather shorter than) the tube of the | calyx, loculicidal at the summit : icentæ pedicellate from the middle of the septum, horizontal: seeds. very n , angular: herb perennial, dichoto- me A ul TOTIS. " 11. H. Halei: glabrous; stem diffase, dichotomous ; leaves oval-oblong, So E | 3 * 21 y. Heprozis. RUBIACEE. 43 somewhat fleshy, rather acute, narrowed into a slight petiole; cymules 3-5- d, — pedunculate ; pee eg the vurbinato capsule. Red R ar Alexandria, Louisiana, Dr. Hale /—Stems 8-10 inc long, bran ed pont the dide: Leaver” an inch to an inch and a half für, half an inch = shining underneath. Stipules broad, connate with the petioles, Pisis naceous, truncate, with 2-4 short yA appendages on each side. Pedicels scarcely longer ia, the calyx. Corolla white, about eet the length of the calyx-teeth. es of the stigma linear-oblong, airy. s minutely roughened.— — T'his plant — to accord wil Hod)otis (Oldenlandia), except in its pentamerous flower Houstonia grandiflora, p & ciliata, Raf. m 7. Housl., in amn. sci. 1820, (his subgenus Edrissa Ben ch c nia dbi to ; House aade are d. - v ierra of H. czrulea. ustonia o ence "wrote. and heterophylla, Susorper Ill. LOGANIEJE. R. Br. (Loganiacesm, Lindl., Endl. in part.) Leaves opposite. Stipules between the petioles, sometimes nearly obsolete. — /Estivation of the corolla valvate or convolute. Ovar from the persica cals, or nearly so.—Shrubs or herbs, natives of warm or tropical r tpe itable hos we compare la, a ann of Hedyouo with Calostylis, &c.), st we are fi e indications thrown out by the most und botanist who proposed the order or tribe (Appz. to F'linders, 2. p. 564, $2 and ongo, p. 448) ; although it is still no less true than when Mr. Brown. first made the 1 remark, that ngs are no satisfactory characters known to distinguis Rubiacez from Apocynace 17. CCELOSTYLIS. Torr. § Gr. in Endl. decad., & iconogr. t. 101. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla infundibuliform ; the limb 5-cleft, val- vate in estivation, the margins slightly reduplicate. Stamens 5, near the middle of the tube, included: anthers oblong-linear. Ovary 2- celled, free from the calyx, seated on a small 2-lobed disk: ovules 10 or more in each cell, peltate, covering the somewhat projecting placente, which arise from near the base of each cell: style included : the lower portion soli persistent; the upper half membranous, tubular, deciduous by an articula- tion; the summit cylindrical- ubclavate, villous with rigid collecting hairs: stigma undivided. Capsule dymous, composed of two subglobose rather coriaceous carpels, which at length separate from each other and from the indurated disk, opening elastically by loc loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds 6-8 on each globose placenta, wingless, angular, scrobiculate. Embryo nearly the length ofthe fleshy albumen, almost str straight: cotyledons oblong. —Her- baceous, probably perennial plants (natives of Florida and Texas), with somew] at angular- stems. Leaves opposite, ‘ovate or oblong-lanceolate, noel ae = petioled, wijh small entire stipules between the — or somewhat cymulose, axillary, dichoto- - : mal, uci obw x vy 4 * RUBIACE X. CeLosTYLIS. .- § R. Br. ; fro = and the i insertion of the sta - C. loganioides (Torr. ki Gr. l. c.) : leaves ovate and obovate, some- din at coriaceous ; the upper surface with the margins and the summit of the | stem somewhat pnberulent-scabrous. da, ear Fort King, Florida, Dr. Burrows !—Stem, or branches, slender, 6- 10 inches long, ascending, glabrous except the e upper part and about the nodes, somewhat 4-angled by lines decurrent from the leaves; tw the angles more distinct. Leaves about half an inch c arcely petioled, rather obtuse, marked with a wis strong oblique veins. Flowers apparently three together at the summit (the central one on a abe pe SLE or solitary and epals haces distinct, linear-subulate, less than half the ax length of the corolla, minutely serrulate under a lens. Corolla about 4 lines long, glabrous, proba y white: the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acutish. Fila- ments scarcely longer than the anthers: pollen triangular. Ovary ovoid. ruit unknown. 2. C. Terana : leaves lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, pue: stem dichotomous at the summit. xas, Drummond !—Stem m in 12-18 inches high, 4-angled with aecureet e di-trichotomous at the summit, often bea aring 4 leaves in à l at the first tifsreation. Tapk? inches long, 6-8 lines wide, rather aie at Pih -— the veins few and nearly simp ipules ovate, those e ded together; the central ones n very short pedicels, Calyx, a, stamens, and style as in rin prece dioi moms xp that the as Sw 18. NBEO. Linn. hort. Clif-; R. Br. eae : dn 450 (note) ; A. Rich. in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 1. Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Linn. spec. weiner tat Gmel. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla pee aren = exceeding the calyx; bearded in the throat ; the lobes of the 5-parted limb ovate, 3-nerved. Sta- mens 5, included, inserted i into the lower part of the tube of the corolla : an- thers roundish. Ovary 2-celled, coherent with the calyx at the base : styles short, separate at the base, united above: stigmas also united, small. Cap- sule almost entirely free from the calyx, 2-horned or deeply 2-lobed, mitre- pun esed, each lobe dehiscent near the summit by the ventral suture: ` [s "s ques Gave P d MrTREOLA. RUBIACEA. "45 cal: cotyledons short, ovate.—Annual glabrous herbs (natives of tropical America and the Southern United States), with opposite oval or lanceolate leaves, and very small entire stipules between the petioles. Flowers small, white, in terminal scorpioid cymes. Mitreola pan to differ from emper tec chiefly in its pentamero flowers.— species of this pensis n Polypremum, the mw are ks so copious, even in drie ensi, as o fasten the anthers strongly to the sti . M. petiolata: leaves membranaceous, lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute, tee atthe base into a pes e. Pu iorhiza Mitreola, Linn. me l. p. sk. 150; Swartz, obs. p. 59, O.: lanceolata, Ell. ! 1. p. 238. a petiolata, Walt. P p. : 108. Cynoctonum petiolatum, Gmel. [x dim shady soil, PA: ! to Florida! and west to the borders of Texsal June-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, somewhat branching. Leaves 1-3 inches long. Peduncles terminal and from the axils of the upper leaves, once or twice E Or trichotomous ; the flowers subsessile and unilateral along the somewhat circinate divisions, and solitary in the forks. racts minute, a ae ese one to each flower. Capsule e cima mitre-shaped ; the lobes som web flat id suaren and posteriorly, slightly pointed, diverg- ing, and then often somewhat convergent near the summit, each opening by a small diii in the ventral salare near the summit. 2. M. sessilifolia : leaves firm or slightly coriaceous, ovate or rou sessile; the veins conspicuous b is —Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Michx. ! c 1. p. 148 (p seh dee JH d En. f d 1. p. 237. O. ovalifo- lia, Muhl. > Croomii, Curtis! pl. Wilmingt. in Bost. jour. nat. hist. 1. ag 28. “hon mo sessilifolia, "Wait. ! Car. p. 108. a, , Gm B. angustifolia: ait "Jauceolaibealiiptical, closely sessile, obicotely- Damp shady soil, and wet banks of rivers, South etr Georgia! and Alabama! 5. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! June-Aug.—Stem 12-18 inches high, somewhat quadrangular, alapter i or sometimes eise from the base, or slightly so at - summit. Leaves half an inch to a often nearly round, very obtuse at the base, and close imum es very small, boss of the ‘ower leaves indistinct. Peduncles and inflorescence, flowers. n closer ss his paper on the subject), who has proposed the e of = ophiaehusoiden but, as he has follow: Michaux, who considered dial c rhiza Mitreola 19.7 seg secret a Linn., in act. Ups. (1741) t. 78; Lam. ilk t. ertn. fr. t. 62; Juss. in ann. mus. Par. 5. p. 255, § mem. mus. a i 382 ; DC. um 4. p. 435. Symphoranthos, Mitet. a Es os 4-parted; the divisions subulate from an ovate base, with scarious margins. Corolla somewhat rotate, not longer than the calyx ; the 46 RUBIACE X. PorvPnEMUM. throat bearded ; the lobes of the 4-parted limb slightly unequal, oval. Sta- mens 4, inserted into the tube of the corolla towards the base, included: an- thers subglobose. Ovary coherent merely with the base of the calyx, 2- celled : style extremely short : stigma ovoid (large), entire. Capsule ovoid, shorter than the persistent calyx, slightly compressed and didymous, 2-celled, 2-valved, loculicidal: placente oblong, ascending from near the base of the dissepiment, many-seeded. Seeds minute, angled, diaphanous. ** Embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen." Gærtn.—A glabrous dichotomously much branched and diffuse annual herb, rather rigid ; with opposite subulate- linear leaves, connected on each side by an obscure stipular membrane. Flowers small and inconspicuous, solitary and sessile in each fork of the — branches, and terminal, subtended by one or two pairs of subulate bracts. Corolla white. P. procumbens (Linn. 1. c.)—Pursh, fl. 1. p. 99; Ell. sk. 1. p. 200; DC.! l.c. P. Linnei, Michz. ! - p. Dry fields bae pastures, Virginia! to Florida! Key West! and Louisi ana! May-Sept.—Stems numerous, procumbent or somewhat erect, 6-12 g; the angles minutely ‘ican: ‘Leaves about an inch long, on Bracts similar to the upper apas Sepals = a green and rigid midrib and subulate point, the border broad and scarious. Throat of the corolla densely bearded : the 2 upper ? obes slighty po and perhaps a little egent from the lower. Sta ual. Capsule between crustaceous coriaceous ; the placente alba: nearly the length of. the cells, covered ‘throughout with the very numerous see Orper LXXIV. VALERIANACEJE. DC. Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary ; the limb various, some- times forming a plumose pappus, occasionally obsolete. Corolla tubu- lar-infundibuliform or obconical, often gibbous anteriorly or spurred ; the limb mostly 5-lobed, imbricate in sstivation. Stamens distinct, inserted into the corolla, sometimes 5, more frequently 3 or 4 (the pos- terior only, or this and one of the lateral ones being suppressed), rarely 2 or reduced to a single one (the posterior): anthers introrse. Ovary mostly 3-celled, two of the cells empty, the third containing @ solitary suspended ovule: style filiform: stigmas 2-3, or united into one. Fruit membranaceous or coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled, or frequently 3-celled with 2 of the cells empty, sometimes 2-celled by the confluence of the empty cells, 1-seeded. Seed anatropous, with a membranaceous testa, destitute of albumen.—Herbs or sometimes shrubs; the perennial species with thick and odorous roots or rhizomas. _ Leaves opposite, exstipulate, simple or divided. Flowers in dichoto- mous cymes, at first often glomerate, frequently corymbose or panicu- late. Corolla white, rose-color, or blue, rarely purple or yellow. EN. t VALERIANA. VALERIANACE./E. 47 1. VALERIANA. Tourn.; Linn. (excl. spec.); Neck. elem. 1. p. 122; C. mem. Valer., & prodr. 4. p. 632. Limb of the calyx involute after flowering, at length evolute, forming a plumose pappus of numerous sete, deciduous. Corolla obconical, or with a cylindraceous tube, sometimes gibbous, but not spurred at the base; the limb obtusely 5- (rarely 3-4-) cleft, regular. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled when mature (with no vestiges of the abortive cells), 1-seeded. Perennial herbs or sometimes shrubby plants, with divided or undivided leaves. Flow- ers cymose, the dichotomal flowers sessile; the cymules often paniculate or glomerate. Bracts usually opposite. Corolla white, sometimes bluish or rose-color. x Our species are all true Valeriaris (8 Puv, DC.), and are perennial herbs. * Stems climbing or twining. 1. V. scandens (Linn.): herbaceous, glabrous, climbing and twining; leaves on slender petioles, ternately divided ; the divisions ovate or er nt spec. 1 F lords, "Bald orth ! St tem — branching, climb- ing to the height d t or ^i eee ues membranac * * Sen erect : root or vhizoma somewhat creeping, — c lobes, on joa petioles ; caul nes lig divided; the divi- sions cence or ovate-lanceolate — or obscurely serrate, the s minal one larger; flowers sal perfect and E numerous, in a compact cyme; lobes of ‘be stigma 2-3, minute; frui ovoid, compressed, peo Richards.! in appz. ie ankl. journ: ed. D p. 2; Hook.! fl. Bor. Am. p?91. V. ‘dioica, Pursh, fl. 9. p. 727. 8. uliginosa : leaves ciliate ; the surface also (as well as the uL often minutely AEn the terminal division — toothed.— V. we ca? Beck! bot. p. 164. of ou um- mond! f.In swamps, Fairhaven, Vermont, Dr. Robbins! Beck! Prof. Tully ! yo County, New York, Dr. Sartwell ! Near Pontiac, Michi- illia a ing the odor of officinalis. Plant 10-24 ha es high. Divisions of the cauline leaves 5-11, varying from om oblong-ovate to linear-lanceolate, os acute. rns short, obconical, gibbous at the base, rose-co -color.—-The flowers of the northern plant ? (var. a.) are no lar arger than those of V. of fe rope (to which Hooker thinks the species is probably too nearly allied); but the pede sine the RE States, besides the differences already indicated, has ! rs: the cyme, at first glomerate, is at length open and Mime pan- ee The fruit of the northern plant is unknown to us; in that of the ited States it is glabrous, narrowly oblong-ovate, 3-nerved on one | and on $ in the com C 48 VALERIANACESR. ^ VALERIANA. pauciflora (Michx.) : glabrous ; ; stem simple, slender, often decum- 1 UA i Abe 1 base and surculose; radical leaves on slender petioles, ovate, cordate, acuminate, crenate-t toothed: sometimes ternately divided, wit | ihe lateral divisions small; cauline leaves pinnately 3-7-divided ; the divisions ovate or oblong-ovate, often petiolulate, acute or acuminate, mostly serrate; cymules few-flowered, paniculate; tube of the corolla long and slender, with a minute gibbosity at the base; fruit elliptical, flat, minutely pubescent along the middle, marked on one side with " 4 and appre roximate, other with 3 distant nerves.— Michz. ! fl. 1. p. 18; Nutt.! gen. l. p. 20; DC. d 4. p. 638. Along the Alleghany eg oam from Virginia! to Tennessee! and in the Western States! June-July.—Stem 1-3 feet high. Leaves thin and membranaceous. Corolla pers pink, 8 lines to near an inch in length. 4. V. capitata ( Willd.) : anero, or pubescent at the nodes of the erect ampie stem; radical and lower cauline leąves on slender petioles, ses mple ~ ovate or broadly oval, Soblise or pinnately 3-5-divided ; the di- Vis bro adly o iis Foume io ed, repan ii roe or often entire, the terminal one larges e upper cauline leaves somewhat sessile, undivided = often piii d: the ditione (or codem oblong or ovate-oblong, mostly ac rrate-toothed or entire; cyme glomerate or often capitate; bracts filiform linear, elongated ; corolla a opens. c on one side, at first short ; He tube at length elongated; fruit ovate-oblong, ompressed, Meu omes S ' rved on one side, 1-nerv d on the Aaa illd. o ult. mant. 1. p. 257 (under V. sis mbriifolia, byat a pica e error us Chain. & Schlecht in Linnea, 3 Pl i2 s e Dr 1. 627 i k. § Arn. bot. Beechey, p.125; Hoo E f ate sip 999. B. Hookeri EM larger cyme more or je ex para —V. pauciflora, Hook.! l c. t. 101, of Michx. V. Hoo i V. Sitchensis, Bongard, in mem. i St. Petersb. (ser. 6) 2. "Kotzebue's Sound, Chamisso eec las y D» oe weg 8 e y ena Sound, Eschscholtz! Arcti ast, Dr. Richardson ! and islands of the Oregon, Dousias; Dr. Scouler! Woods fn ud po Mountains about lat. 569, teque d ant 1-3 feet high. Leaves or segments one to nearly 3 inches long, mbranaceous, veiny, obtuse Or ese E at each end. cde. slightly hairy. Corolla whitish or at first about the length of the bracts, in size equal to those of fl the mee allied V. tripteris of Eu bous about to the same degree bitoni m and in the same manner; but the tube at length elongates an slender, and the gibbosity nearly Poil the fully developed denm not a d E] Em n lou] > Bm ®© — & 88 Zoe ~ e —-- si Ru T fa io) 5° o mM ig € p” © LES v . never seen them cordate, nor does Hooker i fopbtvonet tthem thus. Our speci- konkreta Eschscholtz, as well as one from Kotzebue’s Sound ga- thered in eechey’s Voyage and given to us by Dr. Arnot t mii well be : rir ite? to the var. 8., which we are pestes is only a aci lux ant state of the northern plant. It is also a nati d ae Judging from the description, we should hav v colored the v. nobel Bongar / without hesitation, to our var. 3.; but it is said to differ dl "m apitata, * as well in the form of the leaves uir its heen habit.” The of the em o is also said to have a stronger odor than that of V. offii- nalis, and mployed medicinally Ny the Dae of the island * * * Stem erect: root fusiform, fleshy : leaves somewhat fleshy. - 5. V. edulis (Nutt. mss.): stem very glabrous; leaves all somewhat fleshy, pu petioled; the radical ones linear-lanceolate, entire, or 1-2- * _pinpatoly partod, with tbe les Mainin: the cauline deeply pinnatifid, VALERIANA. | VALERIAN ACER. 49 with linear segments; panicle elongated; the. peduncles ternately verticil- late; flowers white (Hook.) ; “ fruit ovate, compressed, pubescent ; the limb of the c calyx at length evolved ina pred ds i about 15 setze." Nutt.— atrinia ceratophylla, Interior of Oregon from Wallawaltah A Pikeule dee to the bod the Rocky Mountains, Dougla ultall.—** Stem ab ut a foot, the plains of the Rock Ky ountains me 3-4 inches high. Flowers CL Sim. in paniculated clusters. Leaves thin and membranaceo a Fruit one- cole d. m This is one of the numerous plants, kde roots of which fur food t ihe aborigines of the country. The thick and ‘fusiform black wa although bitter and appa Pep: pernicious, w when beide n heated stones or steamed under r ground is converted into a pulpy mass, sweet and rather agree cab ii to p taste, ere bag AS nhs aie Mars Nutt.—The following is Sram an allied spec V. cilia very s abrous, striate, simple; leaves somewhat fishy, bred; ibbsely ciliate; the radical ones entire, Wwe tapering into a slender shea thing base; some of them often pinnately 5-7- eo w (1 Is sessile, pinnately 3-9-parted ; the segments line owers in an elongated e limb of the calyx at length evolved in a inde crown of about 12 enn ted setze.— V. n. sp., scere cat. Ohio plants. Patrinia longifolia, Mac- Nab, ie Edinb. EL. jour. : amps a t allu vial prairies, “near Springfield, Ohio, Mr. Wil- use Mr. Sullivant ! / Urbana, Ohio, Mr. Samples! Milwaukie” Camy, Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! On the Maitland River, near Goderich, U ppe Canada, Mr. J. Macnab (1834). June.—Root fusiform, often 6 to 12 inches long, resembling that of the carrot in color and appearance, except that it is inclined to become horizontal and branched below, bitter and somewhat aro» matie to the taste, mucilaginous - (Mr. Samples, Mr. pouting x — 1-3 r even 4 feet high in fruit, sometimes leafless. s dark green; the radical ones 4 to 9 inches long; clustered ; the veins Pn arie but reticulated. Panicle at length elongated to ge or more; the primary ranches rather remote, elongated; the flowers, as usual in the genus, at rst glomerate, but loose in fruit—The Patrinia longifolia of MacNab was doubtless founded upon a small and immature re interesting p x» Eg name is pre-occupied in Valeri 3 f Doubtful Species. ep (Phyllactis) obovata (Natt.) : stemless; root fusiform ; leaves radia- g Eo og Tb, irsute-pilose. Bu ee 1. p. 21 (under Phyl- las Schu ép. > DC. 4. p: are hills rhe is Arikaree village, Up pper Missouri —The expanded iboen, fruit &c., unknown. Nuttall.—A very doubtful p 3 PLECTRITIS. € nd reg. t. 1095 (§ of Valerianella); Dc. mem. r. & prodr. 4. p. 631. Limb of the calyx truncate, entire, almost none. Tube of the corolla gib- bous anteriorly, spurred at the base ; the p PNS more or less Mise Stamens 3. Stigma capitate. Fruit .; the two empty ones open from top to bottom! each DT involute wing.—Annual glabrous herbs (natives of Me es YOL.IL.-7 T F * dite 2, -— its free porti 50 > VALERIANACE JE. PLECTRITIS. 2 with the habit of Fedia; the stem simple or sparingly branched. Leaves entire, oblong or obovate-spatulate, sessile. Flowers rose-color, aggregated . in verticillate glomerules, or capitate. Bracts subulate, verticillate and in- volucellate, united at the base. que The flowers are, we believe, all perfect and similar; not pea? Hang as stated by De Candolle: the bracts are not multifid, but crowded and verticillate . P. congesta (DC.) : corolla manifestly page Ses spur (or rather its ‘Bin portio n) sm mall, much shorter cem the tube; flowers in an oval or oblong ' head, or often i in Vortcillate — mate or rather peters glomerules.— DC. ! 1. ¢.; Hook.! fl. Bor Di p. 991. P. congesta & P. capitata, Nutt. mss. Valerianella ongesta, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1 V. parvi flora, Dougl. ined. (var. with smaller flowers and narrower leaves, He Banks of streams and moist umo along the Oregon, from the sea- -shore , the er bane. Douglas! Dr. ee Nuttall, Mr. Tolmie! May-Jun —Plant from 4 inches to 2 feet hi gh. Corolla usually 3 or 4 lines L^ Ovary eredi with short thick hairs, but m ostly glabrous when m ied along the face where it is shielded by the incurved wings. . P. macrocera: Jim mb of the corolla almost nr, small; the spur (or ) thick, longer than the tube; stem s ender; flowers ate.—P. mecum B. Hoo k. eite f a ud suppl. p. 349, excl. — 3. FEDIA. Mench; Gertn. fr. t. 86 (ends pe J3 EA Woods, in Linn. trans. 17. p. 421, * Fedia & Valerianella, Mench, DC. x Limb of the calyx toothed and persistent, or obsolete. Tube of the corolla (sometimes gibbous) not spurred ; the limb 5-lobed, sese or slightly irregu- - Stamens 2or 3. Stigma entire, or 2-3-lobed. Fruit 3-celled ; two of the cells empty (sometimes confluent into one), the c 1- seeded. bd nearly glabrous herbs, more or less dichotomous a Leaves oblong OF linear, sessile, entire, or often toothed or incised near ted base. Flowers in T glomerate or crowded cymules, white, rose-color, or purple. Bracts opposite, ; or somewhat involucellate.— Corn-Salad. PR. Our first section is almost exactly intermediate between Fedia and Valerianella : hand De Cend y iate een aan eri wow : e Pee = ; having the corolla of the former, with the fruit, stamens $1. Tube of the corolla long and slender ; the limb slightly irregular: sta- mens 3: stigma 3-cleft: fruit flattened fore and aft, with a somewhat cre- ped. transverse section ; the empty cells membranaceous, inflated, separated and diverging, larger than the fertile cell. —S1pHONELLA. > RW * FEDIA. VALERIANACEÆ. EX. 1. F lon longiflora: tube e the corolla filiform, many times longer than nh limb or cede ovary; fruit with a nearly piae outline, nearly gla ae area at ^» summit; the teeth which crown the empty prs obse a ved; flowers in rekiste cymules; bracts lanceolate, glaudularly Gribrisilitetrolate i ; lower eei rr E the upper linear-oblong, entire.—Pectritis longiflora Plains of Arkansas, Nuttall /—Plant fabros x inches high; the stem several times dichotomous above an inch . about an inch long; the (porplish) filiform ges pem t all gibbous, abruptly dilated at the summit into a very small slightly rigent o limb. Stamens and style exserted. Empty cells of the fruit separa top to eem almost lateral, much larger than the somewhat cartil > fertile ce ae e tube of the corolla slender, twice or thrice the length of the ‘limb, furnished with a small callous gibbosity above the middle ; fruit a Very: lab l t summit; flowers in capitate cymules; bracts ovate-lanceolate, glandularly rrulate ; leaves entire, s wa agi vate-spatulate ; ; the uppermost oblong.— Plectritis spathulata, Nutt. / Plains of Arkansas, with the gen (which it resembles,) T — Tube of is (white) she shorter, end the limb la rger in pro proporti Fruit very similar to = ed immature in the specimen, fattened, concavo- convex or lunulat § 2. Corolla rg a short tube and a regular limb: stamens 3: ae 3-cleft or entire: empty cells of the fruit membranaceous and. inflated, or sometimes nerviform.—V ALERIANELLA, Mcenc h, DC * Fruit with a gibbous corky or spongy mass at the back of the fertile cell; the empty cells large, sometimes confluent.—Locuste, DC. . F. olitoria (Vahl.): fruit compressed, ie, at a= broader than kang glabrous ; the calyx teeth obscure or none; the partition between the . empty cells often imperfect; € "— petiole flowers pale blue.— Vahl, enum. 1. p. 19 ; J. Woods, in Linn. 22-17 9490 CBE T Ur) F. cerulea, Atkin! i n Eaton n. bot., d ree . F. radiat Bart. compend. ? Valeria ana locus a. olitoria V. olitoria, Willd. = l. p. 182. ex olitoria, M meth, PA 493 ; * Du iata, WC. l. c; "uei i rhombi- aler. p. 56, t. prodr. pig E - fl. ’ Cest. P. 11 (ebien d not F, Aa ve didt "ao carpa, Fields, Moylan d and ‘Virginia, Dr. Aikin! New Orlea | H J ase, radiata, in small pre Stigma o cations lobes. Transverse secti Si fruit 'llipical; the spongy ian often nearly as large as the pine od * 3 Fruit triquetrous, not grooved between the (at length 7. ?) empty cells, which Jorm the anterior angle, and are much smaller than the fertile one; the latter not Ticked a£ the back.— rigonocele. 4. F. Fagopyrum : fruit triangular, with an ovate i EE when mature, obsol etely 2-3-toothed at the apex — ee the anterior somewhat obtuse ; upper leaves bad -—- riae acute ; Ait. GR. 52 "VALERIANACEJE Fena. € flowers white.—F. radiata, Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 35, chiefly, not of Michx: Val- erianella Mr, Beck, bot. p. 164, partly. T. . Swampy shady grounds, Western part of the State of New York! to- higan! - apparently in Ohio and Kentucky. May. —Stem 6-18 inche es high, dichot tomous above, menthe labrous. Leaves an : een or an € bat Sra ien mature, in shape resembling a grain of buck- empty cells taken together roundish, membranaceous, with the anterior groove wg minute or none ; the dissepiment dee and —Q wee dis- h arger leaves, all obtuse, inclined to be ciliate, and the upper often tooth the base: they will doubtless prove to belong to this species. * * * Fruit not thickened or corky at the back of the fertile cell; the transverse section somewhat orbicular or crescent-shaped : empty cells as large as or larger than the fere —— - tile one, either contiguous or separated. —Platycele & Selenocele, DC. 1 TEP radiata (1 (Michx.) : fruit ovoid, pubescent, obtusely and unequally 1 somewhat des aed, slightly 1-toothed at the summit; the empty cells con- — tiguous, arather deep groove between thegi rather ues than the CT fertile cell; Fels s leaves often toothed ; flowers white.—/Michz. ! Ji. 1. p. Vahl. en Er kcu v -- l. p. 49. Valeriana locusta € a En. des 3 v. Walt. Car. p. 66. V. radiata, —— Willd. T en ? LOT Wale RP AASS Dips l. c.? (ex syn.), not of DC. " B.? : fruit o cies glabrous, the fertile cell rather narrow? ——— uc . lic i synonym of iB — be reed: the character —— albis’ —— applies best to F. ra. : of | ed — a ture it a distinct spec; E hein, ‘at bglobose-i psi brous, slightly 1 Tief ae i (chinos inflate a ise very Ee - ing, much eres their — omits D nearly orbicular, much larger _— cell, which is narrowly oblong and flattened on the back; 1 GEESE ho) EE ees *e w mo ea sa d Feia. ; VALERIANACEÆ. J.B upper leaves usually incisely toothed; bracts oval- E acute, not “Texas, * between Bejar and Austin, Berlandier, " DC. (under Valerian- . ella pumila), Drummond !—Habit of F. radiata. Leaves dra slightly -i z all cltinio: Flo venis « small glomerate cymules. Bracts without scari gins. Corolla e m small and short. Stigma with 3 short lobes. Cells ** Observations on the species of Fedia - published in the seventeenth volume of the Transactions x the Linnæan Society), has thrown otii light upon the — rn spec ; i Doubtful Species. "E si gren tese Zo dichotomous ; leaves ovate, acute, toothed "s the naked, divaricate-dichotomous; filaments long. Pursh, Jt. 2 Sp 72 Virginia, Herb. Sherard. Lo About a span high; flowers the size of Valeriana officinalis. Pur. Orver LXXV. DIPSACEZ. Vaill.; Dc. Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, or sometimes free except - at the summit; the limb various, sometimes forming a hairy or plu- mose pappus. Corolla tubular; the limb 5-cleft, or 4-cleft by the union of the two superior lobes; the inferior lobe larger and overlap- ping the others in estivation. Stamens 4, inserted into the corolla towards its base (the posterior one suppressed), distinct, or rarely with _ the filaments united in pairs: anthers introrse: pollen tetrahzedal. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule: style filiform: stigma simple or 2-lobed. Fruit membranaceous or acheniform, indehiscent, _ crowned with the limb of the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed anatro- : í pous, with a very thin testa which often coheres with the pericarp. Embryo nearly the length of the fleshy albumen.—Herbs o or suffrutes- cent plants (none of them natives of America); with e opposite or - verticillate sessile leaves, without stipules. Flowers aggregated in a dense involucrate head upon a common receptacle (rarely in dense whorls), each usually subtended by a chaff-like bract, and surrounded i at the base by a very short closely appressed e inyolacel; the corolla of the exterior flowers often ra 1. DIRSACUS: d m ; Gertn. fr. t. edd Coult. Dips. p. 91, in DC. prodr. 4. p Flowers capitate ; the Bae pete =. than the somewhat . foliaceous acuminate chaff of the receptacle. Involucel 4-sided, closely 1 4 54 DIPSACER. i Dirsacus. . investing the ovary and fruit. Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary; —— the limb cup-shaped or discoid. Limb of the corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. — $ Stigma longitudinal.—Biennial erect stout herbs (natives of Europe and d Middle Asia), hairy or prickly. Leaves opposite, often connate at the base, undivided or laciniate. Heads large, oblong or roundish; the expansion of .. the flowers commencing about the middle and proceeding in opposite direc- m tions! Corolla pale purple, yellowish, or whitish. z 1. D. sylvestris (Mill.) : stem, with the midrib of the leaves xe involucre, prickly, angled ; pet Janceolate-oblong, crenate-toothed ; uppermost | lanceolate, mostly entire; leaves of the involucre long and pt pungent, curved upwards, ng than the oblon ng head ; chaff of the receptacle taper- ing into a long setaceous flexible awn-like appendage, v Hes a straight point.— Mull. dict. no. 2 ; MA f Austr. t. 402 ro Dan. t. 965 ; Engl. bot. t. 1032; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 96; Torr.! fl. 1 164 ; L Darling. ! fl. Cest. P- Fields cur road-sides, not uncommon in the Northern and Middle States; naturalize d. July-Aug. — Corolla pale purple, pubescent.— Wild Tease. ~ D. Fullonum, the F'uller's Teasel, is sometimes cultivated, but it has never become naturalized in this CUT . pe COMPOSITJE. VailL; Linn.; Adans. Synanthere, Rich.—Syngenesia, Linn. sex, syst.—Compositiflore, Garin. _ Flowers collected into a dense head (compound flower of the older authors) upon ‘a common receptacle, surrounded by an involucre. Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary and undistinguishable from . it; the limb (called pappus) composed of bristles or scales, &c., or — . very rarely foliaceous, often wanting or reduced to a margin. Corolla =- composed of mostly 5 united petals; either ligulate or tubular, in the ` . latter case with a valvate æstivation ; the tube generally furnished with 5 nerves (or more properly 10 united in pairs) which extend from the base to the sinuses, where they divide, a branch coursing - along or near each margin to the apex of the lobes. Stamens aS many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them: the fila- — ments (distinct or united above) inserted into the tube: anthers linear coherent by their margins into a cylinder (syngenesious). Ovary l- celled, containing a single erect anatropous ov vule: style (usually undivided in the sterile flowers) 2-cleft ; the lobes or branches (incor- rectly called stigmas) various in form, mostly flattish within, often furnished with collecting hairs; the proper stigmas occupying their inner margins, in the form of glandular slightly prominent lines. ruit an indehiscent id l.seeded pericarp (achenium), crowned with 5e COMPOSITE. a the limb of the calyx or pappus. Seed destitute of albumen. Radicle short: cotyledons flat or plano-convex.—Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees (forming about tenth of phanerogamous vegetation) ; with alternate = or opposite sometimes divided or lobed exstipulate leaves. Branches = often corymbose, terminated by the heads, the central ones earliest developed. Flowers in each head expanding successively from the margin (or lower portion) to the centre or apex, either all of the same color (homochromous), or the marginal ones different from those of the — disk (heterochromous), the latter in this case almost always yellow; — either perfect, polygamous, or diclinous. € he cler to this order, or emplo yed in a partic cular | sense, The head e me eens oy by caer ent author: s the presen Anthodium, or Cephalanthium ; the involucre has received the nam yz, Pericli- nium, $-c.; and the receptacle has been bd the Phoronikiuim n, Clinanihium, or | Rachis: we Mn employed none of these terms. The head is said to be oga- = flowers are perfect; or Aeter ous, when pistillate or neutral, and the others perfect or staminate: it the corolla is tubular throughout ; lig , when all the corollas are When the ma ju ones only are ligulate and the others tubul when the corollas are all bilabiate : are monacious, flowe py. x same he ocephalous, when they heads upon the same individual ; die sedi when in separate dividuals. The ment leaves "of the inv volucre are a which is the axis of a contracted or depressed ee termed rachis, by Lessing), is said to ace Mora when sra he flowers are subtended by chaffy scales (bracteoles, Desio, ick riot of the involucre; semipa s, wh ly furnished with m sc ies, epaleaceous 1s surrounded at the base with a very short scaly ring or involucel, so as to S an appearance like honey-comb when the achenia are removed; j ph has A ly more or less prolonged at the summit into a mem ranous ap- pesdese (appendiculate) ; and sometimes each lobe or cell bears a subulate or seti- n i caudate. ‘The achenia of this vast family, we introduce a synopsis of its leading ivisions ; and give, at commencement of each tribe, a conspectus of its subdivisions and ge so of No meric: is the ) sary, since the student m. may at first meet with some difficulty in the application of the leading technic al characters of the tribes, derived from the form of the styles and E CONSPECTUS OF THE TRIBES. 3 di Suzorper I. TUBULIFLORJE —Corolla of the perfect flowers tubular, and - (rarely 3-4-) toothed or lobed. Tribe I. Vernontacez. ae of the perfect flowers c mie — _ usually elongated and subulate, hispid the stigmatic lines not a extending beyond theif middle. ribe II. EvPATORIACEE. the perfect flowers cylin s; the branches elongated, obtuse or = ari externally a one or papas to towards. the summit ; the sipnodit Rt lines obscure, termina middle. "uem s = f - 55 COMPOSITE. - linear, e Vrae flattish, and ee cae and e Tribe III. AsrERorpgz. Style of the perfect flowers er: te branch 5 equall b exterior sti , Tribe IV. Se ENECIONIDEE. St UM f the scil flowers cylindraceous; the branches linear, truncate at the Ac S pu or often e ced- * Tribe V s EX. St a f the perfect flowers nodose- reu and o peniilue at the amait: the stigmatic lines not prominent, reaching to ve confluent at the summit of the externally puberulent epp +f 5 Fi 3 +443 SUBORDER IL LABIA TIFLORJE.——Corolla of the perfect flowers bilabiate. í 1 1 "Tribe VI. ACE. Style of the ge flowers cylindraceous or som mewhat E E^ nodose above; the b ahoi obtuse or fade externally wr convex and : (oe minutely sett Be above. 4&6 J ie. me hé Nassavviace®. Style of the perfect flowers not nodose-thickened — Es ove; the bran ranches linear, rather long, truncate, penicillate at the summit-4 G4 yey Suporver III. LIGULIFLORA.—Flowers all perfect and pe Tribe VIII. Cicnoracem. Style c cylindraceous above; the br hes rather long and obtuse, equally pubescent ; ; the stigmatic lines ternitlinting below a their middle.—Plants with is ics xy id E Ep- Ao Mn Susorper I. TUBULIFLORJE. DC. Veces LES no AU IP EEN Corolla of the perfect flowers tubular, and regularly 5. (rarely M | toothed or lobed. Pollen globose, echinulate, or (in Cynaree) rarely smooth and ellip tical. = .. Temel VERNONIACEE. Less. Heads discord” ‘with the flowers all tubular and perfect ( omo) c mous), or rarely radiate ; ka ray flowers ligulate and pistillate. — . Tolla occasionally palmate or obscur urely bilabiate. Style cylir T above; the branches iobdate he d elongated (rarely short A equally Se; = M ines terminating below middle, not conflue ec CONSPECTUS OF THE Lee 3 k e ES Subtribe 1. VERNoNUE.— Heads discoid, homogamous. T 1. Vernonia. Heads several-many-flowered. - "Páppus Sf baise ii s Pigs. Heads many-flowered, Pappus of 4-5 long bristly deciduous Men i several persistent chaffy die. ered, aggregated in ag erules. Pappus | wu Subtribe 2, PEcriDEX.—Heads radiate, bue dins 2 - 4 4. Kanrmisoa, Corolla of the disk regular. Leaves klandices. : if Tiporsis. Corolla regular. Leaves punctate. Pappus ; . € Pectis. C of the disk obscurely punctate with glands. — deii. D &. a ous T o = "T ea X VERNONIA. e LO te: 57 Subtribe 1. yaaah, Cass. — Heads discoid ; the flowers all perfect. Branches of the style elongated or acuminate.—Leaves mostly alternate. Flowers of the ED series, viž., white, blue, purple, or red, but wo yellow. 1. iino Schreb. gen. p. 541 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 15. ~ Heads several-many-flowered ; the flowers all equal and tubular. Invo- lucre imbricate, shorter than the flowers; the inner scales longest. Recepta- cle commonly naked. Corolla regular; the lobes about the length of the be. Filaments smooth. Achenia mostly striate or ribbed, with a cartila- ginous callus at the base. Pappus usually double ; 3 the interior of copious x. ^ capillary bristles ; ; the exterior mostly short. or minute, often. imewhagg squamellate or chaffy.—Mostly perennial herbs or shrubby plants (chiefly 2 tropical), with usually alternate leaves, and various inflorescence, in the North American species cory mbose-cy mose. E ges rose-color, or white. S> i c» —.* Cauline ledies very r. A odas £0, a hx.): stem slender, simple, nearly naked iow H leaves ei eo stone 5 bescent on the a bebai; the radical — es oval or ohevateohong ded te-serrate, narrowed at the base ; the cau- line maller, Psp ern: hie ves heads few, in pan - late or , 0- i involucre campanulate, moak shorter an the mature pre ate the eyi with spreading acuminate tips, EEE e ciliate; acheni -ribbed, nearly glabrous ‘when mature.— M ichz. ! 0:9. p. 94 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 134; Ell. sk. 9. p. 286; Less. in Lin- mea, 6. p. 677 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 62. — cibi Walt. Car. p. le pine barrens, N. Carolina! to Florida! Ju ne-July.— 21 Stem E feet igi, a little hairy; the root stoloniferous seco to “Eliott. Ex- ' involucre loose, subulate, sometimes as long as the inner. __ ES xc Stem leafy : cymes corymbose a old : -PE acensis (Willd.) : stem striate, slightly pubescent; leaves lan- ~—_ ceolate eo cepa lanceolate, sh arply. serrate , acute at ea ch -— — e Opened; d rs slightly scabrous above; cyme e fastigiate; heads nume- =- 0-flowered; involucre hemispherical-campanulate, sortes. pu 4^ the men s the scales si r , ovate, lv produced into a subulate or < filiform flexuous appendage ; several of the > eee subulate, loose. and due abrous or aee ene cs 1 . 392, Ce d gue sca IST ipe voluere 2 te or acuminate, some of them usually with i gi pee or filiform points. —V. prealta, Willd.* L c. (not of DC.) Serra- tula prealta & glauca, — i+ * y. Stem, Cym = , and lower EN er the leaves tomentose ; rra long filiform poinis.—V. ibid tosa, Ell. sk. 2. p. 288. Chrysocoma tomen- tosa, Walt. Car. p. 1 ‘3 5 ae, - ARE : dust. x* a si Ru " AO ^ w ie » i =e WEE S É ; r e : = ps E k- AON D / 58 COMPOSITE. Ve Wet m pneny throughout the United States, pecY near the coast and along ri July-Aug.—2( Stem 3-6 feet high. Scales of the invo- lucre fee nish- purple, mostly ciliate MES Aibwelk like deg Corolla deep purple, rarely pale or pink-color.—Jron-weed. - E E ~~ CA stem and lanceolate serrulate leaves tomentose- Sec in ann. lye. New York, 2. p.:SIL ¥. kn " Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. are soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 28$. (ined.) On the Missouri, pcdes / Arkansas, Nuttall/—2{ Pla me Te- - spects intermediate between V. Noveboracensis and V. fascia teta: ay ae bably distinct from both ; “she heads em smaller than in the forme em somewhat petioled ; cyme fastigiate; the heads numerous, s, approx- imate or crowded, 15-30-flowered ; involucre hemispheric al-cam panulate, much shorter than the pappus; the scaleseall clo osely appressed, ciliate; the outermost much shorter, acute cronulate; the ot obtuse, not mucro- nate; achenia glabrous when Doy zs almost the length of the pappus-—= - 4 Michz.! fl. 9. p. 94. (not of DC.) V. alüssima, Less. in Linnea, We 639. -V. prealta, DC.! l.c ° (chiefiy „excl. syn. Dill. Elth. ?) ; not of Linn.! $ aped gigantea, Walt.? . corymbosa, Schweinitz.! in Long's na y. lower surface of the leaves often puberulent ; ; ‘heads coal, ^e scales of the involucre sometimes rather acute or mucronulate. i sima, JVutt.! gen. 2. PE. sk. 2 ð. near wes glabrous ; es rather A the scales greenish ; flowers MEDY W 4 T cky, Dr. Short! Ju cwn ug.—2[ Stem tall (6219 feet, Nutt.) a d stout. "G me usually dead and fastiginaal or sometimes loose and Ne | Flowers (except in var. 9. ) bright purple. ` Pappus either pale or purple hes long. 5. F. leaves oper uin) narrowly lanceolate, elongated, sessile, glab : stem nearly glabrous, striate, corym mbose 3 aN the Lo 1 ntire, both sides puncticulate ; cyme corymbose-fastigiate ; [wn about 40) | E 15-20-flowered, rather large ; involucre € oblong-campanulate or turbinates E E e , acuminate or On the Arkansas? Dr. dude Da e im »nsistit y of a branch but cre abana note differ X heads are half an inch in specie: length, m l pa ng usual; 1; the sealee bordered with an arachnoid hs ad many 5 species, greenish, reddish tips. eens Bar 7 ee E ae monis or pedicel Be E is mibi S Mt rnm iu acute at the shorter than the p il ges all ed ice lance — : M»: ac a gla en lab: shorter than the pappus; the exterior "chal p indistinct —V. al- tissima ? B- marginat ata, Torr. ! ER very 7 uu € ry p _ Hale! Texas, Drummond! VERNONIA. COMPOSITE. 59 V. aputila. icn, i qm Sender simple or branched, hairy be- ia leaves n so, linear or E m often Milbscent espeelllly on "e "inidrib beneath ; wer remotely serr pei $ ras EU with revolute margins, seers Re edited ; cyme Sihhi mbelliform, Shen simple ; heads 15-25-flowered ; involucre pellen n diei than the pappus ; the scales ovate or lanceolate, the exterior mostly loose and bracteolate, either mucronate or furnished with sub- ulate or filiform hones achenia Partis hispid on the ribs, much shorter = the pappus.—Michr.! fl. 2 upper Fleas slender, very Siew linear, entire, glabrous or scabrous (evades of the involucre either appendiculate or merely mucronate).—V. angustifolia, Ell. sk. 2. 287 ; ‘Less. l. DC. p. fasciculata, ^L r he. Oxy not of Miche. Chrysocoma graminifolia, Walt. . B. leaves ‘ladiesolate or linear, short, scabrous, especially above; the lower ones sertulatet ‘scales of the i in nvolucre mostly More Bi — V. scaberri- - ma, Null. ! gen.9. p. 134 ; Ell. l. c. l. c.; DC y. leaves lanceolate or ca Hl oe iadi cee «cit rous the lower r ones remotely serrulate; cymes often compound; scales of t e in- volucre nearly inappendiculate. ine s, N. Ca rolina ! Zr Ae lorida! (a. & 8.) y. Louisiana, Dr. Jun —2[ Stem 1-3 feet thigh. Cyme bearing 5-many — heads, a ample or compound, loose. Scales of © the involucre few. Pappus white or pu rplish. EON bright purple. er Achenia often „glandular. — The lower leaves of the most narrow-leaved ie : are veiny, as in the other "ml while the upper ones being very narro are only Ol nerved- The original specimens of both V. angustifolia, Michx., and - scaberrima, Nutt., belong, if we mistake not, to precisely t me form of this up No reliance can be placed upon the appendages of the involucral scales es ovalifolia : stem simple, pubescent below, ur rers the sum- — -0 es i h T the pue and g those of V. angusiiioliay: ak : uch rese mostly larger. Acksiün. sida: eni se ribs: pappus purplish. 8. - leo oue (DC.): nearly glabrous; stem stou le, leaves lanceolate dirán, acute at each end, obscu urely veined, with sp ess "i rrose subulate tips; achenia » puberule t and migsiely glandular, nearly the length of - the pappus.— DC. p p. 964. es € s. Nuti ! Dr. 7 Hitcher icher !—The plant of De Candalls (which was the Gene: — fe seeds collected in A fap pears to be with ours. But he does not mention the size of the s, which in our E hae in fruit are aeui e nch in diameter, and then depressed-globose ; and the pedicels arg feudis thickened at the summit. copious. Corolla violet-purple. - Exterior pappus short, but B ser- 0 y above; heads 6-10, in a simple umbelliform _ m e, subelobose, 50-60- involucre -—— — COMPOSITE. - o Srokrss - 2. STOKESIA. I Her. sert. Angl. p. ory DC. in ann. mus. Pi 16. P : 154, & prodr. 5. p. 71; Cass. dict. 51. p. 64. T Heads many-flowered ; the exterior flowers much larger and EC form ofa ray. Involucre subglobose, bracteate at the base, imbricated in | several series, appressed; the exterior scales with a somewhat spreading fo- liaceous ciliate-spinulose appendage ; the inner oblong, somewhat. ciliate. Receptacle fleshy, naked. Corolla palmate, sprinkled with resinous glo- bules; the marginal ones much deeper cleft within. Anthers- included. Branches of the style semi-subulate. Achenia short, 4-sided (rarely 3-sided), glabrous, terminated with a broad quadrangular areola. Pappus o elongated rather rigid awn-like (white) chaffy scales, deciduous.—An ere somewhat branching perenuial herb; with a tomentose stem, and large he resembling a Carthamus or Centaurea, terminating the branches.. Le alternate, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or slightly glaucous, minutely glandu- lar-punctate, entire; the uppermost s sessile and serrate-spinulose near the somewhat dilated base ; the lower tapering into a margined petiole ; the i in- . volucrate bracts ae the uppe eavés: Flowers blue, showy- S. cyanea (L'Her. ! * c.)— Ait. ! d Kew. (ed. 2) 4. p. 491; IDC.! bce a _ “Carthamus levis, Hill, Kew. 57. t. 5." C. Carolinianus, Miche. ! in herb. mus. E^ artesia centauroides, Cass. in bull. Rare 1816, p. 198 rolina, * introduced into England by Mr. James Gord year 176 ” Hort. Kew. ** Geo iugis = Tatnall,” in herb. 3 . "Louisiana, Verve: of the rarest plants of the Unite — 5 States. ` It is, or rec ve ES. Roca d in Mr. Buist's garden at delphia. The pla oale by- Drummond is inadvertently called taurea Americana, in the unt of his United ui collections, in Ct to bot. mag. 1. p. 48. EE d L1 poene Lim. Gartn. 2d t. 165; Endl. gen. p- SS . Branches of the style Hic ere Achenia — Sessa wlan co wediera many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus in one or two. rows of several Tay bristles, dilated at the base.—Erect perennial herbs, . ith alternate m stly sessile f feather-veined nee Corelle afiolet: purples ng e se ies; the bristles straight and igini: glomerules ter- 1 ‘a nches, somewhat corymbed, involucrate.—E Erernawtoro (Willd.) : stem hair cait ranched above; y and scabro E SACRE ones o or obovate-ob- - 4 ‘into a margined petiole; the cau uline ob- 4 je ErrPHANTOPUS. | COMPOSIT E. Co. long or lanceolate ; the foci ones ovate-oblong, or PE VN (usually longer than 2 map ee spec. 3. p. 2390 (excl. ema Nutt.! gen. E p.187; p. 480; Less. in eve 4. p. ; DC. ! prodr. T 2 p.86. T. AE Michz. ! f. 2. p. 148; not of «ud pdt E z syn. zs n dry ail Pennsylvania! to Florida! and Louisiana! July-Sept.— Piae about 9 feet high. Leaves membranaceous ; some of the floral leaves often oblon eng and longer than the glomerules. . toméntosus (Linn.) : stem inis nearly poke, rai sparingly dickooniggh xd corymbose at the su t; leaves villous-tomentose beneath hirsute-pubescent above ; es radical o ones large, obovate or iia «patente obtuse, crenate, narrowe e base, sessile ; the floral ones ard ovate * E = of the invenio rigid.— Linn. ! spec. ed. 1. p. 8 oras l. syn. Browne ; Pi. Al. 2. p. s jV l. e. p. 390. E. iini Eu WU 2..p We Poir. suppl. 2 3; Hook. compan. to pl uim ; DG. ! AE. Caoin pi simplex, Nutt. gen. -P 187. S. sc tera to Florida! Alabama! Louin and Arkansas! July- — Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, naked, or sometimes with a single leaf below, re- ` ^ sembling ie radical ones, = a anah olus leaf at each bifurcation of the corymb; the floral leaves very broad, about the length of the glomer- , Heads f Itis ips nearly allied to E. scaber than to E. $ soi ind ‘a Hooker thinks it - identical with the East Indian species. - We _ know not how it is to be dis i ate ans that species, except by its vic and usua lly Fie Bn "gren more hairy involucre; and w have received from heir uq badiak a 1: exactly accords with o Os. East Indian E. scab os, E. scaber (Linn.) : stem somewhat dichowon ous or corymbose tone more or less hirsute 32 conii pubes hairy and scabrous; the radical ones cun ETE -spat tulate or apnea -erenulate, tapering to the — ofen 1 e; the caine few and small, lanceolate ; the floral. 3 e, hairy.— Lin c xcl. syn. Gronov nov. &c. (Dill. Elth. t. 106) ; . Hale nec Blender Se inches. iuline leaves; the radic es about 6 inches long, an inch or a "little more in width iowardd = ee -S us and put sent. lomerules small.—The plan pact dy a wi imens fic "China and the peninsula of India. We make lit- tle use of Less ing's character derived fict he venation of the floral leaves and scales of the involucre. Subtiibe - . Peerizs, Less. m» radiate. - -Br 5 the perfect Leav usually oppo te. wos — = = series (mostly eT E i | 33 £ ee Bm. * 1. XANTHISMA. Denit p. 947 ie ~ : Heads Heads many-flow wered; the ray flowers (neutral? or iiti nesk, i _ those of the disk perfect. Involucre hemispherical ; the scales : imbricated, | = ay ppressed, coriaceous, nearly oval, very obtuse ‘fimbrillate; | -- the fimbrille lacerate, about the length of the dap ‘Corolla of the ae K 62 COMPOSITÆ. XANTHISMA. 3 5-cleft, regular ; the lobes erect. Anthers not caudate. Style of the ray . Short and simple, included within the tubular part of the corolla; that of the disk 2-cleft at the summit; the branches included, linear, obtuse, slightly and minutely hispid. Achenia obovate, scarcely angled, pubescent. Pap- pus composed of elongated unequal acuminate chaff; the outermost rather shorter and narrower.—An annual or biennial erect glabrous herb, with a simple stem, loosely branched or corymbose at the summit; the branches erect and leafy. Cauline leaves alternate, rather rigid (not dotted with glands nor fringed with bristles), sessile, oblong or linear, 1-nerved, chiefly entire, sometimes acutely serrate at the summit. Flowers yellow. X. Teranum (DC. l. c.) whan y Texas, Berlandier; in woods.—Habit of gage cerinthefolia. Dc- — This plant is wholly naknoeen to us: it is e rom the southern part Texas, and scarcely within the limits of this wor 5. PECTIDOPSIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 98. Heads many-flowered; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate, pistillate; those of the disk perfect, tubular. Involucre cylindrical-campan- ulate; the scales about 8, in a single series, somewhat conduplicate. Re- ceptacle naked. Corolla of the disk 5-toothed, regular. Branches ef the style semicylindrical, short. Achenia crowned with a very short scarious —— minutely about 5-toothed and somewhat lacerate pappus.—A very small . annual herb, with the habit of a nearly glabrous, wires from the $ base. Leaves opposite e, na TO near, punctate with large pellucid gae : Somewhat connate at the ba. ‘near which the margins are fringed with few bristles. Heads on short peduncles terminating the branches. F one yellow ; those of the my 7-8. NUTUS jo — "ips visse (DC-1.6)—Pecis angustifolia, Torr. / in ann. lye. New E On re fact ky Mountains, i iB about lat. 41°, Dr. James !—Peduncles much shorter than the leaves. - 6. PECTIS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less. in ld 6. p. 708, & syn. nee p. 153. DC. prodr. 5. p. 98. Heads several-flowered ; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate, —.— pistillate; those of the disk perfect, bilabiate. Involucre somewhat a a drical ; the scales 5-8, in a single series, often involute or conduplicate. p" . ceptacle na „Corolla of the disk bilabiate, (the two inner sinuses deepe: _ than the others others) ; those of the ray ligulate, the ligule longer than the tube. ~~. of the = semicylindrical, short. Achenia striate. Pappusof - y similar, in a single series, chaffy, mostly pointed with ser- ) bristles.— Mostly annual (tropical American) herbs. ate at the base, I-nerved, punctate with pello tilaginous, and fringed with scattered b ta t often sessile. Flowers yellow. E e M ^: à '* Pectis. COMPOSITE. 63 = 90. Tussinaco. ers - P. linifolia Eu ): stem diffusely branched ; leaves gaa one dnd with lar — ciliate with € towa rds the teo ins Y op pec. ed. 2. p. 1250; Lam. ill. t. 684; Less. l. c.; DC. ridi p.9 ret sma Bennett! Mr. Blodgett!—A native of Jamaica, St. Trize IL. EUPATORIACER. Less. — rS antes caudate.—Flowers mostly of the cyanic series (white, blue, or urple). Leaves commonly opposite s i CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. Fut Subtribe 1. EvPATORIEX.— Heads discoid, homogamous. Div. 1. AcERATEX.—Pappus chaffy, aristate-squamellate, ‘or coroniform. "I. CELESTINA. a —Q or a ae 8. Acerarum. Pappus of 5-10 distinc ristate chaffy scales. 9. ScLEROLEPIS. atte of 5 obtuse corneous scales. Leaves verticillate. 4 Div, 9. ADENOSTYLEE. —Pappus of "mss capillary bristles. * Achenia striate or ribbed. 10. CanPHEPHORUS. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus barbellate. 1l. Liarris. Rec Scales of the involucre ni striate, Lobes of the 12. CLAvIGERA.. Res tpi naked. Scales of - involucre po wd striate. Teeth of t lla dex short. Pappus 13. Kunnia. Re d. Teeth of the ES short. Pappus plumose. 14. BursosTYLis. dh naked. Pappus pee Head flowered. 15. BricKeLsIa. Receptacle naked. Pappus scabrous. He ie mese * * Achenia Sangle, hot striate. Pappus scabrous. è 16. EvPATORIUM. Receptacle naked, flat. Scales of the involucre numerous. eon flowers) 17. MIKANIA. Receptacle naked, flat. Scales of the 18. Conociinium. Receptacl cle conical, naked. 19. INNARDOSMIA., AET Pe 21. ADENOCAULON. Heads few-flowered, } step: the: w E. 2 j pa st * de 64 COMPOSITE. CELESTINA. Subtribe 1. Evparorrez, DC.—Heads discoid ; the flowers all perfect similar, usually white, rose-color, or purple (rarely ochroleucous), never yellow. Div. 1. AGERATER, Less.—Pappus wee of chaffy often unequal scales, sometimes aristate or coroniform. 7. Sects cpa” ‘Slee Nee dict. 6. suppl. p. 8, ula p. 927; Less. syn. p ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 107 — c aan Involucre cylindrical- -hemispherical ; the scales arrow ewhat imbricated. — convex, chaffy or ae ie seals sat, 5-angled. Pap oniform or cup-like, slight- l , or sometimes produced into one or two longer teeth or chafly scales.—Annual kopar American) branching herbs, with terete stems, and opposite petioled and toothed leaves. Heads in rather dense corymbs, pedi- cellate. Flowers blue or purple. §. Receptacle naked.—Ageratoides, DC. «C. m : stem decumbent, branching, nearly ie —_ Suse ad one slightly fleshy, ovate or oval, serrate, tapering into a slender Dee tube of the corolla sparsely pubescent with Bae has pap inute and coroniform, often with one or two slightly produced teeth, sometimes. obsole d fessi: i A.? maritimum, (from the same locali ity ') as to the folia age, ut not as to the corolla and sb aden m Ceelestina (at least the ceo Ageratoides) Ageratum are not sufficiently distinct. 8B. AGERATUM. Linn. ; Gern. fr. t. 165; DO. prodr. 5. p. 108. ^ Hands many-flowered, subglobose. Scales of the involucre numerous, imbricated, linear, acuminate. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular, dilated Branches of the style exserted, cylindraceous, rather obtuse. Achenia S-angled, narrowed at the base, with a rather large callus. Pappus (of 5-10 distinct chaffy scales, either aristate-acuminate, or obtuse and pecti- nate-—Mostly annual (tropical) herbs, with opposite EC and toothed — — leaves, — he ade. Flowers blue or white. erin: 1 7 ea (Linn): > stem branching; leaves ovate, rhomboid, or es hispi d, but occasion- J und, hones E greatly in r^ AGERATUM. COMPOSITE. 65 ally almost glabrous. In this ise: it has only been detected by Mr. et s, whose spe ve seem to accord with the variety cedem num (A. Mex canu m, Bot. mag. t. 2524), except reat the flowers are white 9. SCLEROLEPIS. Cass. dict. 95. p. 365, §v.; Less. syn. p. 136. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre linear, equal, in a double series. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed, gla- brous. Branches of the style much exserted, somewhat clavate. Achenia 5-angular. Pappus of 5 almost horny short oval and obtuse scales, in a single series.—A glabrous perennial (aquatic) herb; with simple stems, pro- cumbent at the base, terminated usually by a single head. Leaves verti- cillate (5-6 in a whorl), linear, entire, 1-nerved (resembling those of Hip- puris). Flowers pale purple. | S. verticillata (Cass. 1. c.)J— D C. ! prodr. 5. p. 114. Sparganophorus os Michz.! fl. 2. p. 95, t. 42; ded ! gen. 2. p. 139; Ell. sk. 2. p.3 ZEthulia uniflora, Walt. ‘Car r. p.1 Shallow water in pine barrens, New Jersey (at Quaker Bridge !) to Flori- da! Joly-Sept— Stem 1-2 feet e a leafy, a little pubescent at the summit, as also the involucre a form from Florida, ser c slender enira only about 6 nahe high, a the involucre nearly glabrous. Div. 2. ApENosty Lex, DC.—Pappus composed of slender hair-like bristles, either seabrous or plumose, in one or more series. 10. CARPHEPHORUS. Cass. in bull. philom. 1816, § dict. sci. nat. 7. p- 149; DC. prodr. 5. p. 132. (excl. spec. no. 27) Species of Liatris, Michz., Nutt., DC. Heads many- (about 20-) flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in series, ovate or lanceolate, appressed. Receptacle T the spec (subtending the flowers) infivectase or linear, rigid, 3-nerv y short than the flowers, deciduous with the fruit. Corolla more or less dilated cluded. Branches of the style exserted, cylindraceous, obtuse. Achenia terete or somewhat angled, narrowed towards the base, 10-ribbed. Pappus of numerous (30-40) barbellate (rarely minutely plumose) unequal bristles, Somewhat in a double or triple series.—Perennial herbs (mostly North Ameri- can), with the habit of Liatris, from which de chaffy receptacle chiefly dis- tinguishes it. Root, or caudex, thickened, but not tuberous. Stem simple, or corymbose at the summit, leafy. Leaves a aaa E rigid, en- tire (or toothed 7); the cauline ones commonly appre Heads : cymose, rarely racemose. Flowers purple. ae This genus was establish Cassini on a spe preserved in the of Jussieu, with no label or rp itr tion of i country, whence it has not y been recognized. De Candolle } second species, VOL. II.-9 E E iyt 66 COMPOSITE. CARPHEPHORUS. on the sen of Liatris Meienlansis of Adams, which is said to have a chaffy the genus has been thought to be diesem although a third, and doubt less ee species from Mexico, and subsequent] a fourth from Bra: origi uamosa of Nuttall ; in which the chaffy receptacle (first ted out to us by Dr C J: ped the notice both x Nuttall H examining thi allied * 4 tin of Liatris, we find that all those with many-flowered heads disposed i e cymes also e. to the | Bos: which is well ied i in habit. * Leaves linear-subulate, appressed: heads cymose or racemose. 1. C. Pseudo-Liatris (Cass. l. c.) : stem virgate, simple, tomentose-pu- bescent; leaves linear- dore carinate, rigid, closely sessile, nearly po rous, sparsely Pew the radical ones elongated the cauline short, ¥ nu eget closel re c run poA t pubescent; heads few (3-7), ent; achenia pieni hairy i pappus andern “Liris oi amosa, Suse ! in jour. acad. Philad. puHook. ! compas. mag. 1. p. 9 B. heads (1314) memo. Hook. l. c - mabe ; Dr. Gates! Middle - — Dr. a. za Also Fek PE ae G, w Y, = uU [t] 8 B HE ees et we E aes ^ja g < D s tá $ le | T$ TE EE ee 1 * * Leaves plane, lanceolate, spatulate, or oblong : heads napa aue a . C. ws: stem a pondet above, corymbo t summit; leaves punctate, m labrous, acute; the es ones late or Janceolate-spatulate, Fein i into a petiole, somewhat 3-n "the cauline small, scattered, lanceolate or ovate, sessile, slightly cena the pit a diae pi octies heads 1-5 on each branch of the loose and spre ead- 2 t eyli pappus r strongly barbellate.—Liatris tomentosa, Michz. ? fl. 2 p. 3; Pursh, fl. 2. qe: Curtis ! pl. ieee in Boston, jour. nat. hist. 1. r 127 ; not of L. Waltoni, Ell.! sk. C. l.c. Anon . uniflora, Walt. Car. obo Eee a Am i E of swamps, Virginia e e De en North Carolina, Michau Mr. Com! Mr. Curiis! acBride! ( Elliott.) ee em about 2 fe Sft poeta cand simple with 5 or more heads, but oen often corymbose with the branches elongated and much spreading. Scales of the involucre imbricated in 4 or 5 series, hoary but often somewhat € t scarious m Corolla deep purple. Pa purplish. Chaff of receptacle an wanting in the centre of the d) d) narrowly Dun dm actam p» rather shorter than the flowe s. & vue Oe xe uh e *, A y glabrous; stems numerous from the sam P». renea d ace ranc! ing above ; radical a bere e. rey RE CARPHEPHORUS. COMPOSIT E. 67 oft the nearly Ee: corymb ; scales of the m rather loose, oblon obovate, very obtuse, not margined ; the outermost spreading ; ine “or zu a hai corolla lanceolate-linear, elongated ; achenia hairy ; pappus ense plu- mose-barbellate.— Liatris balti et, Micke. ! ! fl. 2. p. 93; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 7D 5. p. 1 Dry sandy hills, near Wilmington, North Carolina, Michaux! Nuttall ! Delile ! "Mr Curtis! §c. Sept.—Plant 8-12 inches high; the stem often branched from da the middle. Scales of the campanulate ni epe ^ rou most smaller and bracteolate ; the second series obovate or d se the innermost linear-oblong and much longest. Bristles of the pappus almost plumose to the naked eye Chaff of the receptacle narrowly linear, as long as the flowers, deciduou 4. C. corymbosus: stem so litary, tall, stout, somewhat hirsute-tomentose ; leaves nearly glabr rous, about 1- pee m radical ones oblanceolate, ob- e base margin; lobes of the corolla ovate, "is iot; achenia ‘slightly nee iry ; pappus barbellate.—Liatris corymbosa, Nutt. / gen. wes -= (excl. syn.); DC. l. sk. 2. p. not = Mich €. L. tomentosa? Ell 284, Damp sandy s and Sio. = margin of swa mps, N. Carolina! to Georgia! and Florida! Sept —Stem 2-4 feet high, striate. Leaves somewhat fleshy, ides or Seca slightly tripli-nerved, sometimes ob- scurely punctate ; the radical ones 4-6 inches long, very gradually nares to the base; the cauline (gradually diminished ^ about half z inch in length,) appressed. I ales of the involucre scarcely longer than the others Corolla pale Earnie. Pappas aly white. Chaff e age. os 11. LIATRIS. Schreb. gen. p. 542; DC. prodr. 5. p. 128. (excl. spec.) Heads few-many-flowered. Scales of the involucre few or numerous, imbricated, not striate. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed, the away i lanceolate or linear and entire, dh arigid or cartilaginous mar- gin, 1-5-nerved, rarely veiny. Heads disposed im an elongated spike or Taceme (flowering from the summit downwards), sometimes (as if by acci- c Lue o rarely corymbose. Flowers purple, occasionally varying i the corolla, style, &c. commonly dotted with sc attered resinous eel $1. Root a Eas mostly naked tuber (impregnated with a peu sub- _ Stance): leaves linear or lanceolate, gramineous, 1-5-nerved, mostly punc- tate with impressed and resinous dots : heads in a virgate spike or raceme : manifestly imbricate : "—— S = ’ . mucronate points, all erect É COMPOSITE. LIATRIS. pappus evidently plumose, or minutely and densely plumose-barbellate. —Evuiarnis. (Euliatris & Suprago, DC.) * Inner scales of the (4-5-flowered) involucre longer than the corolla, produced into a dilated and ligulate colored appendage : pappus very plumose, (Calostelma, Don.) - L. elegans (Willd.): stem and involucre villous-pubescent ; ee ves glabrous, punctate; the radical ones spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5-nerved ; the upper cauline ones rent, short, spreading or reflexed, often mucosal spike or raceme virgate, dense; the pedicels briecóohté ofien very short ; scales of the involucre 10-12, glandular ; the appendages of the inner ones ovate or lanceolate (bright purple Or Screen rH ue. fay pepsin achenia et en spec. 3. p. 1635; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 9 Sec reg. t. 267; 132; Ell. sk. 2. p. 279; DC.!. sed 5. p. 199. Stehe- lina elegans, Wai. ! Car. p. 202. Serratula speciosa, Ait. ^ Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 138. PoDmeripin speciosum, Vent. hort. Cels. t. 79. B. raceme compoun vh er an accidental or c rat state). Dry barren soil, Virginia to Florida! otim iana! and Texas! Aug- S. m Stem 3-5 feet high, p Spike or raceme pact a foot or more - in length. RO of the pappus about 18, in a single series. * * Scales of the involucre very numerous and imbricated in several series, without pe» — taloid appendages: heads (few) cylindrical or sli ghtly clavate, many- Oe Slowered : lobes of the corolla jirsule within ; pappus se plumose. 2. L. squarrosa (Willd -): pubescent or hairy, or nearly glabrous, very. leafy ; leaves linear, elongated, rigid, scarcely punctate ; the lower ones 3-5- nerved s few i radical very ‘long ; he (sometimes solitary), sessile or on any-flowered ; scales rigid, cilia té, not punctate, with more or less elongated and pointed foliaceous spreading extremities; the inner ing ones mucronate-acuminate ; the outermost often bracteolate and resembling the upper leaves; achenia minutely pubescent.— Willd. ! l. c. ; Michz.! fl. 82; Hook. 2. p. 92; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 282; fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 306 P A prod 5. p. 129. Cirsium tuberosum &c., Dill. Elth. t. 71, f. 8 rris squarrosa, Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 818. Pteronia Caroliniana, Wall. Car ADNE: died unda : nes numerous (20 or more), in a somewhat paniculate or varese racem ; the pedicels, or rather hes. lane and leafy. Y- compac i rous ; eic crow ver ow; heads several, closely sessile, approximate; scales of the involucre - ilicis: with long de exterior linear and resembling the upper- Ei leaves, ô. intermedia (DC.) + mostly € heads (1—5) turbinate-cylindrical, pe- dicellate ; exterior scales of t he involucre elongated and foliaceous, erect; the interior veas red or not at all squarrose.—L. inte ermedia, Lindl. bot. Ea cpec or sandy soil, get Canada! to Florida! and Texas! (y. Askaisos, D Dr. Leavenworth!) July-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet high, often pes Sometimes almost hirsute, as wel eaves and invol BAS id ien x l as th ves a Sis an inc g; the points of the upper scales ofien purplish- Tees n purple. "Bristles ep he pappus 18-90, otn purplish The var. y. is the most rer markable t in the ordinary pl nt the scales are u; ó. oma seems almost safer to a 2-5 iake s-master. (One ` of the po Popular antidotes for the bite of tho Rad ae LIATRIS. ; " COMPOSITÆ. Tem 69 L. cylindracea a. ): glabrous or slightly hairy ; mee low, leafy ; ‘eaves linear, rigid, scarcely punctate, mo stly 1-nerved; heads (1-7, rarely 12) turbinate-cyli MOS. Saale or pedicellate, 16-20. flow isp the scales of the involucre all short and appressed, with rounded or iau sbropiy mu- P sera tips, ofien ciliate, not punctate ; Schein a pubescent.—Michr. ! fl. -p-93; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 275 ; DC. l.c. ; notof Pursh. L. iN MacNab! in din. phil. jour. 19, p. 60. Dry woods and prairies, pe (and N. W. Territory, Dr. Hough- ton!) Upper Canada! Illinois! Mis ouri! p +, apparently nearly confined to the Western Faea J ieSe —Stem 6-18 inches high. Heads about an inch lon e exter erior scales of the involucre com Pix vent short, rare-- ly hac Aus eiue or foliaceous. Flowers bright purple * * * Scales of the ee involucre without petaloid appendages : lobes of the corolla glabrous withi t Pappus evidently plumose to the naked eye: heads 3-6-flowered. co 4 L. punctata (Hook.) : stems web from the same tuberous-fusiform bt e Stout, nearly glabrous, ver ry leafy; leaves linear, rigid, manifestly punc- . fate on both surfaces with im pressed dots, glabrous, the marginsoften remote- Ty ciliate with bristly hairs; heads in a dense spike (w hich is uti e iu conspicuously punctate. imbricated, appressed, with more or less spreading _ Mucronate-acuminate tips; ae margins land ginogs- fn" praed nia hairy; ~. Pappus very plumose.— Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 3 306, t.55; DOLE L. - cylindrica, eal in ann. lye. ‘Nei York: 2, p. 210. L. resinosa, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 1 29 (pl. Arkans.), not of Nutt. B. le TOM uid all very narrowly linear; the miis a ciliate or naked ; scales of the involucre narrower, tapering somewhat gradually into & euspidate- -acuminate point, at least the inner ones; s RUE usually short ; stem often scene Y- leaves go eni ciliate with hispid hairs ; inner scales of the invo- ~~ pila ns T p rairies, Saskatchawan, Drummond, Douglas! and throughout the c ees between the Upper Mississippi and the Mison; Mr. Nicollet !* to bebat e James! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. ae orth! and Texas, Drum heri g.-Sept.—Stems 8 runc to 2 o 3 fem high, usually | several fon E ‘he 8 and somewhat knotted dion fumes m root, leafy io the summit. Lower leaves 3-5 inches eem slightly 3-nerved ; the 5m d nerved, varying from 3 lines to Jess than a line i width, pungently acute. Spike 3-4 to 10 inches | ng. Flo reddish-purpie. Pristles on wers the pappus about 30, purplish or nearly white. Achenia almost villous when young, 3-4 lines long.—A well-marked species; i a ies Ma have indi- cated passing into each other. Some of the specimens of the collection made in Mr Nicoller's expedition (our var. y.), have ewe sige e leaves con- spieuously fringed with rigid jointed hairs: others iie are very sparsely ciliate, Se * We are greatly me: to the — of Mr. Nicollet, for an extensive col- Hm at a imens, made duri survey of the country bet Mi the source ‘of r. Geyer: they were =A aei, ir earlier, and en L* Am — 7 9 COMPOSITA: LIATRIS. with the leaves and involucral indes narrower, nearly like one of the forms e . L. mucronata (DC.) : glabrous; stem slender, Mat = ; leaves nar- iuely linear, very teg eee punctate ; the gated, the uppermost short, a ous or subu late ; spi ike lon ng a and narrow, dense; the -— (emall dis or on appressed ! grape uci than the subulate bracts, 3-5-flowered; scales of the na and somewhat cylindri- cal involucre ré (purplish, the margins not scari saat ines essed, shorter than the pappus, ovate-lanceolate, muc — Sofas ul ; the exterior dibnéry - Perea manifestly plumose.— odr. Texas, the east ern districts, Bede Dus ond! Wes Louisiana, pr. Hale !'—Stem 2-4 feet high, aues the slender sd sometimes 2 feet long. Lower leaves about 2 lines wide; the upper crowded, 1 less than half a line in width, flat. eads 4-5 lines long; the lowermost shorter, the uppermost much longer dix the bracts. Corolla bright E purples Pappus longer than the achenium, of about 30 often purplish bristles, mani- featly plumose to the naked eye, but less so than in L. punctata.—V aries with the achenia minutely pubescent throughout, or on the ribs alone, or per- fectly glabrous; and with the scales of the involucre either abruptly cuspi- ate-mucronate, or gradually narrowed into a subulate-mucroaate point; the latter being more common in the specimens we have examined. The plant of De e Candolle (which we have not compared with our own) is said to have pu nt achenia, and the obtuse scales abruptly mucronate : it onside be . different from the plant we hadé described, and sibly what we € x: a narrow-leaved variety of L. punctata; but that species would not b pared with L. tenuifolia, e besides is well characterized by De Candolle, under the name of L. resinosa * ed kinii: ne = Aiga stem oiio r, erect; leaves linear, punctate ; the lower elongated, the upper short and setaceous; spike virgate; the heads rather crow E s of the involucre (about 8) gla- brous, scarcely punctate ; the mac a: short, 1 late-subulate ; the in- rior lane. or linear, wi s margins and acuminate spreading rio gi "em = or exceeding rims pic ine ; achenia villous; pappus man- ifestly plu Near Clluibbes, Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves rather scattered. Spike 6-10 abbas long. Heads half an inch in * length, exceeding the bracts, on etd short pedicels if any. Inner scales of scaríous and slightly colored margins a tips. Flowers apparently -pale purple. Pappus plumose to the same degree as the preceding, more so than any of the following species. co = Lb those of L. secunda. Li tenuifolia (Nun) : glabrous; stem very slender; radical and lower a leaves crowded, wly linear or aieo filiform, elongated, often hairy towards s seeds pu nctate ; the u ones very s ort, setaceous, _ Scattered; raceme Virgate ; pem (small) A seed. crowded ; the pedicels mostly bracteolate ger than the setaceous bracts, sometimes branch- ing ; scales of the involuc muer - radical leaves broader, co phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 2. 285. ; w: E; Heads mucronata, or especially L. tenuifolia, — smaller than A = fs Ld LiaTris. COMPOSITAE. | Dry pine eee N. Carolina to Georgia! and Florida! Aug.-Oct.— Sten m 2-4 feet Radical leaves resembling those ol Pinus palustris. as remarked by Newall (a few of the exterior sometimes 2 lines broad), rigid, orming a close tuft in the manner of Xerophyllum. Raceme elongated; the pedicels e lines long. For purple. quw teet er appus scarcely plumose to the naked eye; tle bristles 20-25.— Like most species of this section, à pedicels are sometimes e Songsa Sar branched, forming a paniculate inflorescence. Heads usually quite small. t t Pappus densely barbellate : heads 3-40-flowered. ` L. secunda (Ell.): mi wen focie or glabrous; stem slender, " virgate ; the = all turned à one oes on short mostly neni and brem eolate pedic 4-5-flowered; involucre cylindrical; scales 12-14, with slightly veri margins, an resinous-punctate ; the exterior oval be! inta short; the interior as long as the pappus, oblong-lanc eolate, mucro minate ; ; achenia ed. pappus — = “de nsely plumose- "harbellate. = sk. 9. p. 278: DC.! prodr. ^ e sandy soil, S: Carolina ! to Fi ida ` Au guie ept. t Stem 1-3 feet bigh. Raceme 6-12 inches ^e curved, d slightly — beauti- fully unilateral.. Heads 6-8 lines long; the scales appressed, mostly 1- nerved. Bracts and bracteoles sce pp rey short. Flowers ight — : he mall) on icels, scales of the somewhat cylin Ciir involucre few, oblong or elliptical, ob- tuse, re paaga appressed, shorter than the barbellate pappus; ache- nia turbi inate, us. , 4. nearly ange: raceme elongated, simple, or slightly compound at the base ; heads (5—7-flowered) on reps divaricate, or even reflexed, simple 3 sy B Mad d, in pcne AE ae raceme, on filiform more or less | divaricate (or so at reflexed) pedicels; of which the lower re fi d with scattered. bracteoles similar to the exterior scales of b eyli é Pad. p. slight dy acute.—L. pauciflosculosa, Nutt. / A jour. ac raceme aoe simple, or frequently branched or paniculate below; heads (3-5-flow ed) oe short divaricate pedicels, or sometimes almost ses- sile; otherwise se as à. in florescence entirely paniculate; the branches simple, ascending; a few of the uppermost yh bearing single heads, short ; the lower successive- ly elongated, slender, bearing few or several racem -flowered) heads, on short pedicels, or sometimes a almost sessile; otherwise as in 8. an Pine barrens, Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! y. Ad prsa: Buck- ley! Aug—Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet Miah. usually clothed with a m what EN pubescence. Lea ather thick, S] pa abl i minutel punctate, often obtuse. tapering to ee bones the upper 1-2, ere — 3-5 i metimes ha png: with the pedicels 14 to 2 inches long pedi = ben) an inch 1 length e t ves) in our var. y n inch long (about the ene angar Oe adhe Dr uie 72 COMPOSIT £X. - — Lus. here arranged (8. y. & ô.) are undoubtedly different forms or states of one and the same well-marked species, differing in no respect except the devel- Peet of hs inflorescence, hich affords most fallacious characters in this genus. There is an obvious tendency to branch in the inflorescence 5 all i is n th summit of the om the summit, the po of the plant are ae to the Se of additional jsib: either from the axils of the upper cauline leaves, or of the bracts with which the pedicels (ped peat especially the lower ones, a are usually furnished. This is particu- larly exemplified in the present species ; which exhibits almost every grada- tion Siren the simple racemiform inflorescence, and a kind of panicle otherwise si r es.— We regret e have not been able to settle the synonymy of several species in this difficult genus. Mr. Bennett, a as most obligingly compared fragments from our specimie ns of this an other allied species with t rved ^ the Banksi an n: considers -W cles; but Mr. Bennett, on comparing the two, did n cognize the resem- . blance. If the species here described should prove nian, as b. - praet it will retain the appropriate name of L. pauciflosculosa, Nut TA miniabe (Willd. ?) : glabrous or sparsely Z stem slender ; lS linear, somewhat scattered, 1-nerved. u ili ; Ca heads rather small, 7-9-flowered, Sia oe ssile and rather remote, forming a slender spike ; lower bracts longer, the uppermost ag Mee re: heads.—L. éste hai Du : fl. 2. p. 508?) Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. - P- 274; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 130, (excl. pl. cult., which belan to L. spicata! - heads lar rere, 7-14-flowered. (Varies, 1. Mrs the heads few or nume- IS. scattered, sessile or nearly so: 2. heads few or numerous, in a simple raceme; the el the heads, : r 3. head : approximate, sessile; the oer ird branched below, the heads on the T sessil ple —Serratula foliis linearibus, floribus soli- tarus sessilibus, Gronov. ! Ving ed. 1. p. 92. y- heads small, + 6-12-flow: pd. 9n spreading or often recurved pedicels, forming a long virgate raceme, sometimes compound or paniculate at the base.— L. gracilis, Ell. l. ës v of Pursh? L. pilosa 8. ie Nutt. l. c. L. virgata, Nutt. ! in jour. aca d. Philad. 7. p. 72, & in trans. Amer. Phil. € ser.) 7. — es i setate compound). ae Bet arer, orte; cate, or racemose, with the pec short and erect or sometimes with the a compound "S s To 3 : E $ 4 * re Di LiATRIS. COMPOSIT.E. 73 below; scales of the involucre somewhat narrower and less rounded at the c Gu usually ciliate.—L. pilosa, Pursh, l. c. (chiefly); Nutt. l. c ps 2 hae x “var. dubia” (the inflorescence compound below); Lindl. b ot. ^ ota 5 (** B. gracilis" n — bot. cat. t. 356; not of Willd. (A ibl c pi igh m eh EDU. 5. p. e L. spicata A 5 soena = l.c IJU L crt d ee veg. mat. med. 2 ep 2 ns nata, eet i n Loud. hort. Brit." Anonymos p of TP p 197? Je ine barrens, often in wet places, New Jersey! (var. 6.7) to Alabama! - and F iorida common. Aug.—Oct.—Stem 1-4 feet high. Heads as large or larger than in L. spicata, in var. a. & y. smaller.—Our chief doubts re- specting the plants here brought together, relate to var. 9. ?, which is very d whic d L. spicata, while it presents no characters th t we ca n seize upon to dis- E ce he chie and L.s spicata consist in the u 1ally larger, fewer, a more scattered heads; the more regular arly imbric ated scales of the obconical or obovate involucre, diminishing successive y to the outermost, oi are d PELA the more hairy and shorter achenia, &c. We are by no ns certain that we have pleat referred this species to the L. gr Y minifolia of Willdenow, which appears to have been derived from Mublenberg; in whose herbarium seve- ral Ps are mingled under this name. Our remarks u the inflores- be rem marka that the heads of the compound portion of the 1 ence are frequently smaller and fewer-flowered than the others. We pe an inte- remarked chaffy scales intermixed among the flowers. ‘This accidental oc- currence, however, will hardly be — » overthrow a genus so well marked by habit as e ete proves to 1l. L. spicata (Willd.): glabrous, or rare E pee stem strict, v leafy; leaves linear, acute; ofien ped towards the base; the upper ones ient short, often subulate; the lowermost elongated, 3-5-nerv rved ; i: ; the scales (15-20) appressed, resinous-punctate a dia (purplish Reano obtuse ; the inner oblong ; the exterior oval or round- short; achen more or less hairy p cies : w ; AUN us densely barbellate.— W illd. ! spec. 3. p t 1411; El. ER. 2. : ; Brit. fl. gard. t. v E gen. 9. p. 131; ingt.! fl. Cest. p. 448; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 130. (a. & 8.) L. chya, Michz. ! a 91; Pursh,l.c. Serratula spi Linn.! spec. 2. p. 819 See syn Andr. bot. rep. t. 401. Suprago spicata, = 2. p. 402, t. 167. ' Cirsium tuberosum . ; t5 x E heads a about 5-flowered; plant smaller.—L. resinosa, Nutt.! gen. 2. of DC... Moise p. ground, | Michigan and New Jersey ! to Florida! and Lowest common. Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-5 feet high. Leaves often nerves, spre or what -— rm 5-15 inches long; - “VOL. E. Me z ss b. ; / 74 COMPOSITE. LiatTris. “sessile 4 or nearly so, mostly crowded, about half an inch in length: lower — Eo bracts longer, the upper much shorter than the heads. artis s bright pur- Ef # * Ac = keo- the ingih of the itas trey s.—The number of flowers in ead is variable. r. G. Watson has disco etel, near Pulse et state a iis ian with pat pink, or scien pure white flowers.) —But- 12. L. pyenosta chya : As te or nearly glabrous; stem stout, strict, very — - leafy; leaves strict, rigid, c closely sessile, and pa E IAE * t the bes the radical and lowerones elongated, lanceolate, obtu vds the per "s: and much crowded, narrowly Hes. iile: pie elongated, thick and dense, som mwka leafy below; the heads closely sessile, about 5-flow- ores : involucre unes. ; the scales (14-16) oblong or vere usually acute, with scarious and colored margins, scarcely punctate, rigid, appressed, ripa at de summit; achenia p^ d BUT pappus densely barbellate.— Michz.! fl. 9. p. 91; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 507 (excl. syn. Dill. & Walt.?); DJU.L e Par EN, a. stem densely hirsute; leaves more or less hairy; scales of the involucre ‘strongly ciliate, often glandu lar ; . stem, leaves, E involucre nearly glabrous.—L. brachystachya, Nutt.’ in jour. acad. Philad llinois ! Migouri! Arkansas! Louisiana! & Texas! (not en ing castillo yond the Alleghany Mountains.) Aug.—Oct.—Stem 3-5 fee i arene ND t. Spike ve m i pariah and 12-18 inches bes o 57] ofien short ¢ somewhat clavate, an ore iameter w l developed ; es (i ved EE eni of both varieties) slcifdst rye | er. Heads equalling or exceeding those of L. spicata in length, i, narrower.— l-marked gcn resembling some forms of L. spicata, but 5 readily distinguished by its squarrose involucre. The upper leaves are arai very short, e subulate, and somewhat aparece 13,4. pilosa (Wilid.) : more or less pubescent with long a hairs; stem stout; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated, hairy ; heads in a loose si simple raceme, 10-15-flowered ; scales of the turbinate or Feampanulat — glabrous, not punctate, with slight scarious margins ; the exterior narrowly oblong, short, very obtuse; the innermost linear; chunk Dens escent, Tad as long as the densely barbellate (almost plumose) pappus Willd. spec. 3. p. 1636; Jars of any succeeding author. Serratula pilosa, | Ait. ! eE 13. | ^ North Young." Hort. 1 Roe. l.c. On mile =a " “ari Eo es oft eicli narrow, rather acute, about half a Acheria an xe kapjes nearly equal in size to L. sca ariosa.—Our desc dra n from our own meniorand. : irginia b de. he oly vical native specimen we have met with pod accords so aah d h plant ho leave no reasonable doubt of their south rom the oy e "e iba and bein nsufficie Liarris. COMPOSIT/E. 75 icum. The L. pilosa 8. levicaulis, DC. is identical with L. mese Y y racemosa of the same author. ae T scariosa (Willd.): stem stout, more or less pubescent; leaves li Min, dac? or ede obscurely if at all punctate with imp dots; the radica wer ones usua i lane ge, oval, oblong-lanceolate, o obovate-oblong, eibi: veiny, taperin nto a petiole ; ‘hea (few or num cda racemose or spicate, sub globose, 20-40-flowered; scales of the involucre very numerous, obovate spatulate, very vbi often — with more or less ciliate scarious ofer n denticulate and colored L cu ; the lower ones sometimes a little spreading or squarrose ; the low d SAA and often acute; achenia hairy or villous, about the "length of ie plumose- barbellate oco —Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1635; Ell! f- 2. p. 281; Bot. mag. t. ; Bot. reg. t. 590; Brit. de ae t. 87; Bi, - Bost. ‘ed. 2 p. 293 ; "Hooke rA Bor.-Am. 1. p. . Squarr ules. aspera, x phe- roidea, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 92. L. scariosa 1 & spheroidea, DC.! pr P. Ou 198130. L. borealis” * Parton, mag. 5.1. 27." L. heterophylla, x 3 gen. 2. p. 131, not of R. Br.? peg scariosa, Linn.! spec. 2. p. 818. sc Poi or. Dry, usually ndr soil, from. the Saskatchawan and Upper Canada! to Florida! Louisiana! & Texas! Aug.—Oct:—Stem 1-5 feet bigh. Heads often an inch in ;2 x F lowers bright cia or rarely pure w ite !— Varies with the stem nearly glabrous, or Seana almost tomentose at the Summit; the leaves smooth and glabrous, very scabrous (L. | Ta, Miche. > ^ 3-10 or more, v = c $ $ D m o SB r^ Nn 3 ux j 0 oe they are usuz ^ what distant and distinctl ip d pedicels Boii M xiu EN i longer than the heads,) to Yo o E hey u usually form a dense spike. - But the forms are so numerous a x tien) that marked ol vae c L heterophyjla (R. Brown) : ates lanceolate, smooth and we s : the uppe linear-lanceolate and m aller; heads piate, on very short painele: scales of the involucre eria squarrose, naked.—R. Br. t -90S “ Native of N. America : fug 0, by Mr. William Malcolm. Fl. ne and M Sage ^" R. Br. nS. ec e, and Georgia, Fraser, Bartram,” rsh. the original icd of this species, Pw have only to add the ` following notes upon the specimen preserved in e Banksian herbarium, obligingly communicated by Mr. Pu nett : "Hende about 10, formin ng a ike of litt ten seen depauperate forms of L. scariosa with this name, yet never with inted scales. ursh’s “reference to Willd. enum. is a mistake, as Will- enow has no such speci b E BI va ate Pursh) : stem iple: glabrous; ok S panicle — rea. Ms y: the (Pris hort, ng few subsessile 3-5-flow- heads ; pis of the een erect, lanceolate, acute. Riton Pursh, Kp. e ) Flowers small, the size of No. 4. poena the character of volucre, &c. , This still ed d ~~ ~~, * * Ed 16 « COMPOSITE. lige ` to two inches in length, suberect, =“ —€— bonding 3 to 4s E ere are less than half the length of t Panot; i x eir shape and the num- ber o flowers in each are accurately noted by Purs eq § 2. icose : branches and heads corymbose : Tie. obovate, puncticu- late: scales of the few-flowered involucre rr pe Age lobes of the corol- E à HER UN pappus i ce barbellate—Leprociinium, Nutt. - B vu. I fru ticosa — 2: glabrous; branches naked aboves ae spatu- v. RAIL n rveless, entire ; heads. about 5-flowered ; involuere Mus ái pubescent.— Nutt. / in Sill. jour. 5 » 9, & in dra gee P hil. sc a 24 | p. 285. East Florida, Mr. Ware '— Leaves scattered, (the lower opposite, the upper alternate, Nutt.) ie an inch long, similar 6 shape to t se ofthe mmon P es o ré imbri : seriés 5: - pappus éxa: _ the receptacle is the same as in ote few-flowered species. a § 3. Root a short rhizoma or cauder: leaves dilated, obovate, pe q ^"üpr pes o dif or veined, not punctate with impressed. T dots: heads. corymbose or paniculate-cymose, small, few-flowered : scales of a E the involucre few 7 slightly imbricated : corolla scarcely dilated above i $ the lobes short, ova : pappus p barbellate.—Triisa, Cass., DO- (excl. spec.) 1 18. L. odoratissima Bou 2 glabrous ; leaves somewhat glaucous, ob- 4 bru A radic obovate-spatulate, tapering at the base, often usel Bares: be cauline oblong, clasping at the base ; cyme te; the he umerous, perlice cellate, 7-8-flowered ; sen Bos. um lar ; 3 nh apres — Lee Michz. 2. p. 98:5 ET h. Fede p.132; Andr. bot. SA, k SEL. RE a. gh, corymbose at the ; thick or with several veins proceeding from the m ib; the ra- - sarge; the upper small and scattered.. ` Flowers brigh i purple. andular.—'The leaves when bruised exhale the odor of | Vanilla, z^ they -e in for many years; whence the pop 19. L. paniculata (Willd. 2:4 Áo» ed, m mostly el (Wi j: 2a ikiii hafi: leaves A abrous ; the radical ones ege tiere tapering into .— e; | uline very*sma all and numerous, lanceolate OT — ceolate, sessile, viseidly pubescen ^od young; corymbs ern a into peii 0 ds 4—10- (commo ing n a inicle ; hea 4 Liarris. COMPOSITE. 77 : ts achenia. finorely aea m ee! spec. 3. p. 1637 ; Miche. t l.e.; T Pursh,1.c.; Nut 9. p. 132 ; Ell. sk. 9. p. 283; DC! l.c. Anony- mos cds Wat r Car. p.198. ns, Virginia to Florida! common. | Sept.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet «nr Vini e rplish, somewhat villous or bi rsute with glutinous hairs - "Cauline leaves very small, appressed, emi imbricated. Heads as large as in the preceding species. Cor olla purple, sometimes almost white. he scales of the involucre vary from 6 to 16, a the flowers from 4: to n flexuosa of D. Thomas, in Sill. jour. 27. p. 338 (1839), is Gi FL d Lo or a reduced L. ae! it is poeni to determine fro kN et description and $ 12. CLAVIGERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 127. Heads 5-20-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, striate; the exterior very short; the innermost elongated, linear. Lgs cd narrow, naked. Corolla tubular, dilated at the base, not ex 5-toothed ; the teeth very short, glandular externally. Style Meere bulb at the base ; the branches e or taberne, jisty glabrous, included or partly e exserted. Achenia s stly 10-striate), nearly glabrous, sessile. Pappus qe series of plumose-barbellate bris- tles.—Somewhat shrubby branched (Mexican & Texan) plants. Li : alternate, 1-nerved or tripli-nerved, linear or oblong, entire « r toothed, some- — x times dotted with resinous globules, or punctate. - ^c a mg i 4 p Picate pace ^ Flowers whitish. SAT os TE TA pe amo - “A genus intermediate between Kuhnia and Liatris (am ch nearer the Š Sona dedicated, on account of the species being ] natives of Mexic ce mi E Clavigero, who wrote upon the we on well as = civil history of Mexico. a í an ..* as one of ; but thi À confasion i is said to exist rapi "the NA TENE of Berker plants. 1. €. dentata (DC. ): pubescent, cinereous, shrubs t ,; here and there peli t lobed at the e npani Dré ing one or few heads edi narrow panicl ds dis es " a a of dhe situate: sabotaged acuminate, ciliate, comewhat gearet at Rire: more or less striate. .€. ies a Texas, in the eastern districts (Cammancheries), and about Bexar, Ber- —This species perhaps hardly comes within the prescribed : e int ‘it for comparison with the following t filicies ae fa p shrubb and minutely pube nceolate, Fran he lower ones tripi- : » rét cular -veined beneath, mint se summed unequally serrate; those of the bra anches small, crenately toothed from the middle to the apex 3 a 215-90 Aoa i]: disposed in a leafy spike or thyrsus terminating . the virgate heaaches pee of the fe entre ovate 1 and glandular, stri- a oe obtuse, seldom mucronate; ovate; the inner | te- d 3 eer. onde An scarions at the a ‘scarcely exc eaves fro pe er ones flow ceding ens eet Ed henia about ate. — de 78 COMPOSITE. me KvunsiA. 13. KUHNIA. Linn. spec. ed. 2. appr. p. 1662; Vent. Cels. t. 91. Kuhnia § Strigia, DC.—Critonia, Gerín., not of R. Br. Heads 10-25-flowered. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, rather loosely imbricated in two or three series; the exterior shorter, acute or acuminate. ; Receptacle naked. aee tubular, somewhat dilated at the base, not ex- - panded above, 5-toothed; the teeth short, obtuse, glandular externally. | Style with a villous E at the base; the branches at length exserted, slight- ly clavate and somewhat flattened at the summit, glabrous. (Anthers some- times abortive or unconnected?) Achenia nearly cylindrical, many-striate, sessile. Pappus a single series of strongly plumose bristles.—Perennial herbs or suffrutescent plants, with alternate or somewhat opposite 1-nerved or tripli-nerved lanceolate leaves, sprinkled with resinous dots beneath. Heads Eb Flowers white or purple. ave drawn the above character from the North American cet i to which, ‘wih probably K. r osmarinifolia of Cuba (the qeu Strigia, d dow tlees be | restricted: the «anh with pentagonal ebrii acit sum to e eltiely allied to Eu atoriu um, w Aa roper is more near to Cla- un. itin.; DC.! prodr. 7. p. 267, is a pei of Pe egol sia ,as De ye ott first inti- to us.— , Cass. (of iin ich we know a single species) i is nearer Kuhnia othites, than Mikania, but a distinet ge Mod K, eupatorioides (Li inn.): stem herbaceous; leaves, as well as t the scales of. the involucre, thickly s sprinkled bene ath with shining resinous dots, — the cauline ones mostly irregularly serrate; those of the branches usu rally entire; heads in päničulate corymbs; flowers white or a c. peo Pluk.) ; Linn. f. decad. 2. P: 21, 449. K. eupatorioides & K. Critonia, Willd. K. eupatorioides dasypia, Saher elliptica, tuberosa, [^ nne ns, Ra - ff B . . F leaves ovate: lanceolate, Fe cie d se sot »netimes bs rath and ent it; the lower ciui ones pe d a others linear and mostly and co (ox en t it Lon paniculata, C ‘Cass dict. 24. p. 516; DC.! nia Kuhnia, Gerin. Jr. 7 Kunnia. | COMPOSIT#. 79 ssary if more than one species were admitted. But, considerable as s the di fference between the extremes, we have a great vipa of wee Sate such sre mae pure that we are unable even to characterize a series of varietie The involucre, corolla, achen ae are rs do: the same in all. We ha ave, asisten sien the more common northern plan t as he type. of the species, and have designated the extreme forms as varieties | i M. BULBOSTYLIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 138. Heads 10-25-flowered. Scales of the oblong or Bhar ere. oe involucre rather loosely imbricated in about 3 series, striate; the exterior short, the inner lanceolate or linear. Receptacle narrow, ed Corolla tubular, slender, somewhat dilated at the base, contracted at the summit, with 5 extremely short externally glandular teeth. Style with a commonly villous bulb at the base, included. Achenia nearly terete, or obscurely 5-angled, about 10-striate. Pappus of numerous capillary scabrous bristles, longer than the corolla.—Suffruticose (chiefly Mexican) plants, with terete branches. Leaves opposite or alternate, ovate or lanceolate, petioled, ser- rate, often dotted with resinous globules. Heads in thyrsoid or spicate leafy panicles. Flowers mostly white or ochroleucous. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct ts Brickellia; which again is distinguished from Eupatorium chiefly by its striate achenia 1. B. Californica : stem and v velvety-pulitralents leaves ovate, on hed, 3 the ~ Short petioles, irregularly serrate-too , 3-nerved at t base, — gla- brous above, dotted with minute de and puberulent bt culated beneath, the u upper ones m ostly alternate; heads in a spicate sse about 20-flowered ; scales of the involucre as prat I ciam red short, ap- pressed; the row linear, eer’ utel ae California, Douglas m Pag from “the xus plant (herb. DC. /) as well in the leaves, denen have not he upper surface sca ath a the lower seticeleted, as in the obtuse scales of the involucre ü 9. B. microphylla (Nutt.) : much branched, visci ‘aly pv ubes d f andu- ; lar; leaves alternate, ovate, petioled, sparingly toothed, eorum equall ss ' pubescent and viscid on both sides; those of th very a nearly sessile; heads abut 15-flowered ; a scales of fe involucre - ae iace ips; the interior er pu em 9-3-nerved, mucro- il. soc. (n. ser nulate.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. - Soc. t regon, apa. paagis ilah, Nuttall | —A AK ER plant; the leaves of the nu petis only 2 or 3 lines long, rather thick, re- ose of s tats i Ada Heads small, scattered. Achenia not seen. aeu 15. BRICKELLIA. Ell. sk. 2. p. 290. Heads 30-50-flowered. Scales of the campanulate involucre im lanceolate or linear, striate; the exterior shorter. Receptacle naked, flat. Corolla tubular, slightly expanded towards the summit ; the teeth short, ob- tuse, Mai glandular externally. Style with a villous bulb at the base; the b ranches often much papam Achenia prt x E = E E ame ae 5. River, a x COMPOSITE.. — - BRICKELLIA. nearly cylindrical, about 10-striate. Pappus a single series of slender sca- brous or minutely barbellate-serrulate bristles.—Perennial herbs (natives of the Southern United States and Oregon), sparingly branched ; with opposite or alternate tripli-nerved leaves, and rather large corymbose heads. Flowers | pale -a j wes mostly opposite, cordate, crenate, gein 3-nerved from the base, veiny : involucre rather shorter than the flowers - B. cordifolia. (EIL 1. c.) : stem paniculate- o NEN the summit ; EON all as. dme some SABE triangular-cordate, acum e minutely pu- bescent and thickly dotted Moa resinous globules Bist, crenate-toothed ; corymb loose, the branches bearing 1-3 pedunculate heads; bracts setaceous ; som t ones; branches of the style much exserted ; achenia nearly e ous ; P _ pus (purplish) —— —Eupatorium Brickellia, DC. prodr. 5. p. Hill-sides, rn districts of Georgia, Elliott. Middle F loridé, "i Chapman Aog. Sep. Stem, 4 bou n feet high, terete. Leaves about 3 Ls ong the uppermost f neate at the base. Heads half an — 40-50-flowered. Style with a depressed villous bulb. Achenia n young minutely hairy towards the 2. B. grandiflora Mirac i his paniculate at the summit; leaves cordate- iangular, acuminate, or nearly glabrous, dotted with resinous globules beneath, ac ag or x Mie) de ntate- -serrate; the lower mostly op- ernate; he » produced into a subulate ooe appendage; branches slightly orsoni Sedis glabrous when mature; pappus —Ni trans ae soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 287. m. 6. north and dinh eid of Lewis & Clarke's 3 uglas; and from this region to the k Mouse -. Nuttall! piper plains of the Platte? Dr. Jam es /—Manifestly allied to the preceding species heads e same size. Flowers white, ac- E to com but Vua tinged with purple i in pese specimen of Dr s Tesinous tts viec down - entire: inner scales of the involucre longer. than the ane ae = o the base, sc rcely eur “a pire * the rymbose-pa iculate scales of the involucre ed in series ; the exte- g, often the heiss poem elongated, es of the syle exi exserted ; achenia slen- EX and W. ablamet, Nuttall! —Leaves about an in length. Habit different | from the other spe- has a heavy odor, a g to Nuttall; who shox cg stt are re yellowish * = p A T : p a «= ai E 4 a ent ae EvrATORIUM. | . COMPOSITE. EC 16. EUPATORIUM. Tourn. inst. t. m DER Gaertn. fr. t. 166; DC. prodr. 5. p. Heads 3-100-flowered. Involucre cylindrical or campanulate; the scales . d in 2-3 or more series, or sometimes nearly equal in a single se- . * Receptacle flat, naked. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform or fee. a ks nam limb, 5-toothed, frequently dilated at the bas cluded. Branches of the style mostly exserted and Leia, ps cod ceous or somewhat flattened, obtuse. Achenia 5-angled, without intermediate strie. Pappus a single series of very slender capillary bristles, scabrous or minutely serrulate.—Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby plants (the great- €r portion American), with opposite (sometimes alternate or verticillate) sim- ple or rarely divided leaves. Heads mostly corymbose. Flowers purple, blue, or white. Leaves, involucre, corolla, and achenia often sprinkled with resinous globules; the former rarely impressed- punctate. $ 1. Heads cylindrical, 5—-60-flowered : dl of the involucre numerous, closely imbricated in several series, appressed, obtuse, strongly striate; the outer ones shortest: leaves opposite or rarely alternate. E. ivefolium (Linn.): herb leaves on arrowly obediar f tapering to each end, scarcely petioled, 3-nerved, subserrate, glabro us; corymb trichotomous, loose; heads ee a pedicellate, 15-20- flowered; scales of = a m. erect, striate, tuse. nn. amen. acad. ay p. 405, & spec. (ed. 2.) 2. p - 1174; : ix obs. ; .p. 301; DC. prodr. DI us; stem terete, somewhat hispid ; - EX . ovician sa: leaves less ict’ at each Eod bee e oo E ne zi : the uppermost short and nearly ge Anc ox euro Torr.! herb. E. calocephalum s in trans. Amer Th hi. E 7. p. dos eir oppositifolia, NE Tin : Sill. j jour. 5 elds, I Ed ar New is d Peinturier! , Naut- tl! Dr Louisiana D. Hale! ` July-Nov gite branched, 3-5 feet po bei m Lower leaves kout Es inches long, broadly lanceolate, rather sparingly ser- h rate; those of the n merous branchlets very short. Corymbs with 6-20 ; th e e the summit. Flowers light purplish-blue.—W e have only seen West C. ; which dian specimens of E. ivefolium f. ch has more pointed leaves . than our plant, but a appears scarcely to differ in other respects. "This is Eben representative of alarge and marked group of neos American E $2. Heads cylindrical, 5-10-flowered : scales of the involucre numerous, e s X : series i the outermost lored, obtuse, slightly striate, imbricated in much shortest (style bulbous at the base): herbaceous i arge, mostly verticillate : flowers purplish. t, si nearly solid, purpureum (Linn.): “stem stou rarely opposi e, n piles t wA ae nt or VB nie A eaves ld E acuminate, vein veiny, scabrous E h and minutely dotted with resin -— 82 COMPOSITE. Erie es globules, ashy the teeth mucronulate; heads in a large compound mb, 5-9- (rarely age snag achenia m ze eris r less aditu. Jim. ! spec. (ed. 1) 2. p. 838; k. if. B m. b E 304; Darlingt. fl. Čest. p. 453. E. tinam, pt) i reum, maculatum, verticillatum, ternifolium, & dubium, DC. / ph $ . 151. a. stem tall, esee Lee. and glaucous, purple at the nodes (and metimes thé ughout) ; s (5-6 in a whorl) large, win a coarsely scrhiló, somewhat petiole d e rugosely veiny ; corymb very large, convex. —E. purpureum, Linn. ! i. c. (excl. B-) & ed. 9. ps 11733 Wild. ! spec. - - p. 1759 (partly); Ell. l. c.? &c.; DC.! l.c E. verticillatum, Willd. l. c. be. fol. 1, & 2!) E. vifoliatum, Darlin ngt.! ec: b gcn eur ! 1. ¢.): stem mostly striate or grooved, pubescent and one or viscid bot , punctate with pu urple linear spots; eld ( eium omes or fees ternate) ovane, slighty. tripli- nerven petioled ; orymb dense, depress ed.—E. ves m, B. Linn.! l. c. ed. 1. E. macu fins, Linn. ! amen. 4, p. CE ies ed. 2. p. 1174 ; mus Iles Michz.! fl. 2. p. 99; Bart. rer ‘Amer. Sept. x uy Ell. l DC.! le. E. pedati, Willd. ! enum. 2. 33 : num, Pursh! l. c.—Varies, with the leaves oky rugose and scabrous- pubescent both sides, or nearly smooth and glabrous ; ; either acute or acumi- nate at each end (E. maculatum, Ell. l r ob t the base, an rmost sometime s even oer E. ursh, l. c.) ; and by other “forms leaves, acuminate s and | coarsely serrate, (E. trifoliatum, ee fe lingt. l. c.) ap Backing "ihe d n urpureum, so as to be p g origi - pup Bees i from its more slender states. y- angustifolium : stem tall, glabrous and somewhat t glaucous, or pub he summit, sparingly punctate with linear spots; leaves {commonly i s we p inear- oes ; corymb compound, panicu- oose.—E. levigatu t. pl. New York. ee (in — pe Y re the heads and flowers Beet white, the leave membre- nac m^ re deeply serrate, &c.; when it is E. falcatum, Mich. ! fi grounds. ees, and swamps, Canada! from the Mee on and throughout the United States ! Aug.-Se em 3-7 or even 10 feet - Involucre purplish or whitish ; the bao 12-18, B; sad "ihe exterior very pest . closely poene ated, pubescent; the others linear-oblong and 2-3-nerved, short im than ns flowers. Corolla infundibuli- ri tebar; the lobes" ovate-lanceolate, short, light purple or flesh-color- vated less a small globose pubescent bulb at the base; the branches very : aoe xserted.—This plant is sometimes seiplaped medicinally, as as a tonic. 8 3. Heads 3-many-flowered : scales of the somewhat cylindr rical o panulate involucre 8-15, more or less imbricated ; the exterior shortest : E opposite, sometimes verticillate or alternate. "den herbaceous, flowers white, and. the corolla, achenia, Se. more or less dotted with resinous globules in all the North American species.) * Paniculate : heads 3-5 flowered : leaves alternate, pinnately lobed. - > E. feniculaceum ( Willd.) : paniculately very much bráxched ; stem — Besazonmwt COMPOSITE. 83 St SM leaves alternate, linear-filiform, ode the pos neam | or bipinnately parted; the ga r faseicled, entire; heads very n small, 3-5-flowered, on short pedicels; scales of the os SE cre 8-10 ; the exterior very short ; the i idt mucronulate- acuminate, glabrous, slightly margined ; achenia .glabrous.— Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1750; Pursh! fl. 2. 512; Ell. sk. 2. p. 294; DC.! mer. 5. p. 176. A iniculoides, Wait. Car. p. 199. Chrysocoma capillac a, Miche. B. glabrum : stem and ban ches abia qo rac emose-spiente divisions of the panicle somewhat fastigiate.—E. leptophyllum, Y. lateriflorum : slightly agnitus: — of the ia de loose, m ard E. feeniculaceum f. p^ bon's. DC.! pe c. Aue st partly.) Fields, in damp soil, mostly near the c DA IL and N. Carolina! to Florida! 5. Georgia, Mr. Herbemont ! (in herb. D uby § DC.) &c. Florida, Dr. Leavenworth! y. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! Sept—Oct.—Stem 3-10 feet high; the branches terminated by the elongated — anicles. Flowers Sellos ish: white (sometimes sprinkled with purple, Ell.) very small. ee Ny tubular-infundibuliform ; the teeth very short, minutely glan- se. i as in E. . feeniculaceum f De Candolle seems a cultivated state of ar. y., which is a so mewhat remarkable form; the heads however being = 5-flowered. —Dog-Feni . E. ceste omer ab. paniculately branched; stem pubescent; | ~~ leaves mostly alternate, pubescent or nearly glabrous, punctate ; the lower ones pinnately xt lobed, pe lobes linear ; the others linear, mostly entire, fascicled or crowded ; heads numerous, ‘scarcel dicelled, 5-flower ‘scales of the involucre about 10, lanceolate, mucronulate, slightly pubescent, ith scarious margins; the exterior short and imbricated ; achenia Dert pra k. 29. wi Willd. ! b Zep. 1750 ; : | Pursh, ix - s p.994; DC.! prodr. about twice the size of those of E. cniculaceum, white; the eral, achenia, pappus, &e. similar. Style with a minute bulb at the * * Corymbose : eges 5-15- (rarely more than 20-) flowered. t Leaves sessile or nearly s 80, mot clasping or connate: heads 5- (rarely 7-9-) flowered. / f 5. E. pinnatifidum (Ell .): pubescent; stem fastigiately Oa Ue E t the summit; leaves laciniate-pinnatifid, with the segments linear and entire or toothed, pubescent be neath, sprinkle ii more resinous ioa: the lower Mer quaternately verti igre the others opposite or mostly alternate ; heads __ ; very oro us, oos — scales of be Suvoluere "n" n oblong ` or e, pubescent and sprinkled w om achenia : sparsely rises eed ^y sk. 2. p. 295; DC. oy ka p 1176, ut not of mp so rue cx "the middle districts e Kee ce NM Middle Florida, = Sandy woods o a, Mr. Curtis! —Stem 3-4 feet high. Leaves lanceolate, 1-3 inches es long doepi and unequally laciniate- pinnatifid, Sid swen above, m pobescent and more Cons; ously dotted with E Shi ning globules beneath ; the lower segini mb looo ; usually t ater or laciniate. Branches of the fastigiate cory p \ .. 6. E. hye loosely corymbose at the summit; leave 84 COMPOSITE. EvrPATORIUM. the heads not larger than in E. coronopifolium. _— infundibuliform, attenuate below, and abruptly dilated at the base; the teeth v eei — = andular externally. Pappus as long as the polla. pees scattered — ae —Our plan ears to be that of Eliot, ‘although e the lower — leaves, an 7—9-flowered. "The styles in our specimens are often all included within the corolla at every stage, and with short very obtuse lobes. Two or three flowers of each head, however, often present the branches of the style elon- gated and much exserte described Py Elliott. The same t "pe occurs in faenum rom ): stem io pubescent, simple or branched, pposite or verticillate, and often fascicled in the scili i uppermost alternate, linear or lanceolate, rather obtuse, tapering d acute at the base, minute ely pubescent, puncti on both sides, 3-nerved, the upper ones 1-nerved, entire, the lower ones spar- ingly t toothed or dadha heads d scales of the involucre 10, shorter an the flowers, very pubescen t, gland ular; the outer ones short; the others linear-oblong, obtuse, with slightly scarious margins; achenia glabrous and usually glandular.— Linn. / spec. 2. p. 836 (pl. Dill. Elth. & Pluk.! t. 88, J: 2); Willd.! spec. 3. p.1749; Ait.! Kew (ed n 4 £i 505. E. lineari folium & E Paola (chiefly), ! prodr. 5. E. rto at : ; Michz.! fl. 2. p.97 ENEA: Willd. ! l.c. vs B. leaves mostly verticillate, very narrowly linear, elongated, entire y- leaves seldom verticillate; the lower ones rather bro oadly lanceolate, — veined, coarsely gerrate-toothed.--- E. linearifolium, Michx. ! l. € E. i C. flee ó. BR usually [eed verticillate, ee a rather large and - serrate-toothed.—E. Torre m, Short! cat. Kentucky plast, 2nd suppl. i ry mostly sterile soil, fom diee oast of Massachusetis! and New Jersey i to Florida! and Wester douces 8. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman: nob: ar the Leaves commonly 13-2 inches long, pd thick. an nd rigid ; the lateral nerves ewha : the nsensibly in Lope abundantly "iren bat I Michaux ne justly : united them. Our arieties 8. & 6. taken by themselves, would never e thought the same pecie but we are cable to separate them. 7. E. leucolepis: stem mostl divari- y simple, puberulent; leaves opposite, cate, esie or cae obtuse, close E ssile, serrate, very scabrous on both sides, ne back, white and scarious at the su , as E wm. achenia minutely Tarer y EE) B- coat lepis, DC. i (par Ceres Michz. L c. partly (er herb. 1); P ursh ! a «I gen. 2. p. 135. E. oe Ell. sk. 2- EvPATORIUM. COMPOSITE. 85 Alabama! and Western Louisiana! Aug.—Oct m 2-3 feet high. Leaves spreading or divaricate, rather rigid, Dop e verticillate, sel- dom fascicled in the meis uppermost rarely alternate, both surfaces of a pale glaucous hue, the midrib prominent beneath ; the De ones 2 or rarely 3 inches in length, nd deus one-fourth to nearly half a wide, serrate with appres eeth; the upper narrower and serrate, or sometimes entire. Corolla, &c. nearly as in E. hyssopifolium ndages of "ed Pas rw pins e I m es of the style exserted.—This has som frs confounde E. Aie but is readily distin- at the summits feted very "abor rt, opposite, or the PE cu at the slightly petioled, tripli-nerved or 3-nerved from the s towards the ed on the loose tomentose branchlets of the corymb ; scales of the involucre 8-10, very pubescent, sprinkled with yum obtuse ; snore iu pE gar dular.— Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1753, notof DC.! E. glauc scens, Ei 2. p. 303. ^ — oe IE mcd ex herb. !) E. hyssop ar pro Shady on s. Co lind Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! pu n iet an inch ve of a pale glaucous nei both sides, very ibit, the J 2-4 obtuse teeth on adi side towards the summit. Involucre, flowers, Pappus, &c. nearly as in E. hyssopifolium. - E. parviflorum (en) yt oramus —— branching ; leaves opposite, or the lower sometimes ternate, and the upper frequently marii ries, s Obtuse ; achenia renes or ies ui Furor dull ! sk. 2. P € ` Hook. ! i Sanit lo bot. mag. 1. p. 96. tonia alin Raf 3 i uper DC., & herb. Durand. B. : stem or branches strict, glabrous below corymbose at the Mii: ieva opposite (sometimes ternate), lanceolate, patie er rigid, almost So aie 8, acute, serrulate above the middle, tripli-nerved or 3- nerved ; the . Rerves sparingly anastom: Dam j soil, Virginia! u a! to id Florida! Alabama! and Western me isiana! 8.L ouisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Louisiana and Texas, wide, varying from scarce ly a acu e to peer dem sometimes serrate nearly to the base ; the baat € firm. Heads about as aea as in E. i- ] m, crow nvi ie shorter than the De our var. f. the eaves are smaller, Bess z glabrous, and rather narrow y lanceolate, resem- ur d the upper leaves dr T. parvifloru m, with which. it ag sin ih ovas e had adat it Edd st! species, ut pee oe x kie rm te states, we are is a mere florum. The E. ambiguum of Hooker is said to have Apo e du : 86 — COMPOSITR. Enrere cres; we find only 5 in specimens distributed from Drummond’s collection; but two heads may occasionally become confluent, as happens in some other xe AE os wipes (Linn.): stem stout, tomentose-pubescent, corymbosely = pene at the summit; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, lanceolate, some- rv ory rous; heads scales of the ccm iod 10, linear-oblong, obtuse, pubescent or tomentose and glandular, imbricated, shorter than the flowers; achenia obscurel angled, somew hat glandular.— Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 837 ; Jacq. hort. Vindob. ( 3. : : . $2 . p ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 514; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 177. E. rupestre & E. (BM Enid ue de I Kohnin glutinosa; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 127 (spec. Ell. !), "s aci Ell. ! barren soll, reds Ohio! and throughout the Western States! d the western portion of the Southern States! * Florida," Rafines- que ! Sept.-Oct.—Stenz 3-7 feet high. Leaves 3-4 inches op resem- m ost tomentose. Heads rather Sda Lobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate. Style slightly enlarged and pubescent at thè base ; the evi ure elongated d. Pappu us ooh remotely scabrous-serrulat - 11. E. album (Linn.): stem pubescent, corymbose at the summit; leav ating sessile, broadly aan, oarsely serrate-toothed, veiny, punctate, r less pubescent and scabrous; i kochés of the corymb fastigiate, ERE be cra 5-flowered, glomer Kd scales of the involucre 10-14, closely imbricated, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, white and scarious above, mostly longer than the fl ; the exterior usually pubescent snd at length i es; — glandular. a. mant. E spec. 3. de 52 CA. Mic obes corolla ovate-lanceolate. Style Gunoi in cluded, but sometimes o gn exserted. Pappus iter. barbellate-serrulate 12. E. teucrifolium MEL ): stem roughish- TERRES corymbose at t! ~~ summit; leaves oppos: uppermost very frequently alternate), posila, or truncate at the base, slig rs of swam, ps and cbe "ence eec New Jersey! and Dae ial to neas ! an iana! —Sept.—Stem Ae feet high, rather slender. Leaves ie — long, inb as to the serratures, which — EUPATORIUM. COMPOSITÆ. 87 s often very coarse and irregular, sometimes even and more numerous upper leaves sut. usually lanceolate Or deltoid- lenei tapora fro the base to the apex, but us FE rather obtuse, often entire, except a bs few coarse teeth near the base, occasionally deeply incise mbs small and dense, often somewhat paniculate. Scales of the involuere with scarious margins, little longer than the mature achenia A ihe fic name of Will- spec denow and that of Michaux were published during the dian year (1803). : E. rotundifolium (Linn.): stem densely pubescent, corymbose at the shinies leaves opposite, roundish-ovate, mostly obtuse, truncate or some- what cordate at the base, sessile, tripli-nerved, veiny, scabrous and pubes- cent, pale or somewhat hoary and glan — beneath, doe py d edens — of corymb fastigiate ; ben s 5-flowered ; scales the involuc ery pu- bescent, glandular ; the exterior very s eim the gear vein lanceolate, ab- ruptly acute or Beintünste: ge shorter. than t owers; achenia glan- dular.— Linn. ! spec. 9. p. 837 Willd. ! spec. 3. p MAT Miche. 2 2. . Bor e ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 178. . Ma cilium, f Walt Car I. 180. ex ~ Eisen ry ste New iar to Florid a! A ra quet ! and Texas! Jul feet high, —— Leav 2 inches long. Pappus a little (onsen E aes E, 14. E. TIRE (Muhl.): stem very pubescent or somewhat hirsute, corym ly branched at the summit; leaves opposite, ovate, mostly acute, dum, Ell. l.c. p. 299? a Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 296. Ve 2 Here dee B. : tims Torr.! in DC. l-e. E.obovatum, Raf. in assach: us = Ne ew Jers ey! Pennsylvania, and probably in the Southern States, in similar situations with the prece ceding. Aug.—Sept.—Stem 9-4 feet L near the , rather ob sely serrate ; the teeth (as in the pre- Ceding) either simple and equal, or occasionally unequal, thus becoming somewhat doubly serrate. Scales of the involucre with scarious summits. rolla, pappus in E. rotundifolium, which it sometimes appro Co pa ach perhaps too closely ; but = heads appear to be uniformly more than 5- flowered.—The specimens in Willdenow’s herbarium Doirani fol. p passas d belong to this asians but that author states the heads to t t Leaves closely sessile or partly clasping at the base, or sometimes connate: heads 10-20- (rarely 5-) flowered. j 15. E. oe pete ) : glabrous; stem corymbosely branched = ~ m opposite, close ges or partly clasping, distinct, rounded at x, sharply serrate, vein , obscurely punctate and paler beneath; rnb Lime y ae ied 5-flowered ; scales of the involucre 10, imbrieated somewhat in a triple series, oval or oblong, obtuse, canescently 88 COMPOSITAE. EvPATORIUM. ) à ubescent, glandular ; rd prety Duran —Linn. ! cag? 2. p. 837; Willd.! m 9. p ; Michx. ! fl. 9. p. 98; Pursh! fl. 9. p. 5133 Ell. LL. a R 4. Bos : ed. 2. p ; 995; Darlingt. Jl. Cesl; p. 451; ; DC! odr. 5. p. 1 E an, d Ell. sk. 2 2. p. 298. Borders of cei ath Massachusetts! New York ! asc ur and along the Alleghany Mountains to Georgia! and — Aug.-Sept.— Stem 2-4 feet high, much branched observed the smaller ani Ma Lobes of the corolla ovate- lanceolate- Style moderately exserted ; the base minutely bulbous and villou 16. E. perfoliatum (Linn.): stem stout, very aides cs or villons-hirsute, cory ly branched above; leaves opposite, connate-perfoliate, divaricate, lanceolate, elongated, tapering gradually from the base to see acaminate apex, obtusely serrate, veiny, the veinlets reticulated beneath, rugos bescent, the lower surface usually almost tomentose-pubescent and orinkled with resinous dots; b fastigiate, compound ; the h commonly 10 flowered ; scales of the involucre 12-15, pubescent, glandular, imbri cated ; the e inner ‘alee ur young. with scarious tips; achenia glabrous or ane. glandular.— speg: 9. p. 838; ode Koc z 761; Pursh! l.c.; Ells "302, Bigel.! med. bot : (05 Bost. ed. 9. p. 997 ; Raf. med. bot. t. 36; Dorset T. "Cost. p. 451; ; - Bor.-Am. 1. p. 305; DO? odr. 5. p. 1 5l. eaves glabrous above, pues only on the midrib and veins of the lower surface ; heads E. Eh d! ube and truncate ar the’ "base ; the uppermost frequentl > alters hl. in Willd. t fpes 3. p. 1751; not of Ell., simui of C. E. salviefolium, Bot. mag. t. 2010. ô. smaller; leaves mostly narrowed at the base, distinct or slightly con- nmm cuneatum, Engelmann! Swampy ege Canada ! Uwe “Missouri! and throughout = eee States! abundan 9. Arkansas, near Little Rock, Dr. Engelmann! July- Sept. et "high. Leaves often 6-8 inches long, stall perfectly connate at the base, where they are widest, decote arely ternate and by the confluence of several heads into one, and the scales of ‘the pee are likewise increased in number. The same t ing we suspect ee occurs in E. sessilifolium, and perhaps in other species. The E. tru a of Muhlenberg and Willdenow, according to herbarium of the latter, is n ing more than a of this species with the upper leaves disjoined p 18. E. resinosum (Torr. n lvety-puł , simple, or corymbosely branched at the summit ; leav s opposite ly sessile or egi clasping at the be, linea lanceolate, elongate spread ing or divaricate, attenuate- acuminate, evenl ; pinnately veined, “ioniy glabrous above, minutely kukajo aarahi se ath, both surfaces glandular and somewhat viscid astigiate, compound ; nt les.— Torr.! in DC. EE 5. Ki e 2 e pine ew Jersey, n Quae er Bridgo and Wading River! Also ^ Punneylvaniey”- Bartra n herb. Banks. under the name of E. canescens.) Aug. Ropon ciet grow- EUPATORIUM. COMPOSITÆ. - ing in tufts, 2-3 feet high. Leaves 4-6 inches long, or often shorter, 4 to 5 lines "tes pale, rather membranaceous, cohering to the paper in the pro- cess of drying, on account of the numerous resinous globules intermixed with the close scd nce. Heads rather small, very numerous. ecd short. Style moderately exserted.—This very distinct and apparen y very local om was discovered in the year 1833, by one of the poi of this ied athe pine barrens of New Jersey, where it occurred abundantly, Ehin never received it from any other na n the Banksian Didin: Sesa er, there is a specimen from Bartram, e; aià to have been collected in Pennsylvania. In habit it teles bos E. leucolepis; but the leaves are rather A and clothed with a very soft pubescence, and the involucre is differen t t t Leaves on slender petioles: heads 12-15-flowered. - E. serotinum (Michx.) : stem pulverulent-pubescent, much branched eg leaves opposite, the upper frequently alternate, on sle nder petioles, ovate-lanceolate, tapering above, iuto tripli- Wah me m pubescent serrate ; corym merous, com- pound; heads 12-15-flowered ; scales of the DINE 10-13, - incer- diit With scarious margins, very put imbricated ; pup cvm. sel- dom Miner: —AMichz. ! fl. 9. p. 100 ; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 304 ; DC.! prodr. pl eai il, N.. Carolina! to Georgia! and Illinois! to Arkansas! and sena. ‘Sept. -Oct.—Stem 5-6 feet high, usually diffusely and some- what paniculately branched dea the branches either — or — Leaves 5-6 inches long; the lower ones narrowly ovate, with numerous coarse often ce id teeth ; those of the brandhies de pen few unequal teeth towards the base. Heads very numerous, rather small. Pappus about the length of the Sidik & $4. Heads 8-30-flowered : scales of the campanulate involucre 8-20, nearly equal and in a single series: herbaceous : leaves opposite or rarely alternate, ovate, petioled, not punctate or sprinkled with resinous globules: achenia not glandular : flowers white or purple. ageratoides (Linn. f.): glabrous; stem branching; leaves opposite, ightly cordate, — tripli- » membranaceous, coarsely and sharply serrate ; corymbs « und; heads 12-20- -flowered ; scales of the u 12-14, equal, in a single series, narrowly lan sca "€ and rather obtuse at = dee slightly posent and idle: rolla wed below, er de e — it, nger than the idus: achenia 1 gita Linn hat p. 3 Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1765; Pursh T4 2. p. 516; Ell. sk. 9. p. 303; Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 298; — dr Bor.- Am. 1. p. 305; Dartingt: f. Cest. P- 451; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 175. = urtieefoliam, Reich. syst. 3. p. 719; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 100; not = Linn. f. & Smith. E. cénodifoliudi; Dc. l. c.? E. caule c— xà Linn.! hort. Clift p. 396. Ageratum altissi- and +a common, part icularly in the Northern States. ae ee Stem 2-3 feet high; Pen ieksh and branches a little pubescent. Leaves dilated and obtuse or truncate at the base, sometimes abruptly taper- bur the petiole; the latter 1 to 2 inches in prm, Flowers pure white, -very numerous, exhaling a somewhat pee Lobes of the ovate, glabrous. Style mu = vOL. H.-12 90 COMPOSITE. EUPATORIUM. . E. aromaticum (Linn.) : pese or somewhat glabrous; -i € ‘simple or loosely corymbose at the mit; leaves opposite, on short les, or sometimes almost sess ide, ov emi subcordate, or ovate-oblong, ather acute or obtuse, rarely acuminate, 3- — or tripli-nerved, of a thickish and firm ge T; scabrous-pubescen ather obtusely dentate- serrate; corvmbs loose, somewhat panicled: a S 8-20- (commonly 12-15-) red ; scales of on fears e 10-14, linear- dici D nearly equal, pubes- cont gers slightly scarious sid m Miss corolla narrowed below, cam- panulate at the summit, rather exceeding the pappus; achenia glabrous.— inn.! spec. 2. p. 839 (fide herb.! & syn. Pluk.! dp nos Ur Willd. ! ec. 3. p. ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 100; Pursh! f. 2 . ; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 2.) 4. p. 508; = ! sk. 2. p. 304; Bigel. fl Lo . 998; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. ; DC.! prodr. 5 tum, Walt. Car. p. 199; fixe: "s smaller-leaved forms.) E. melissoides Willd. l. c. p. 1754. (a dwarf form; heads about 8-flowered!) E. ceanothifolium, ra l. in Willd. ! spec. l. c. "(fide herb. Willd.; but the tiende. at least 12- Sred. instead of E zd Ell. ! tee. (leaves small, peter ies 8-10- p '); DC.! l.c. (leaves larger, acuminate, nearly glabr a & E. “Sa Poir. suppl. fide DC. (Eupatorium, pea t. 672 d ut i and much firmer leaves on shorter petioles, fewer heads, but usually larger - flowers. The root is perennial. - E. ageratifolium (DC.): shrubby, glabrous; the branches terete; P dits opposite, petioled, broadly ovate, somewhat truncate at the base, at- ` tenuate at the apex, obtuse, coarsely toothed, 3-nerved, not glandular; co- edicels at vi y pubes- red; scales of the involucre in a double series, rather gem iiy ciliate at the apex, at length pion g; pappus as long as the co: € iae a puberulent, the angles somewhat scabrous. C.! r ^e B. Texense : d ibus ; pedicels, petioles, and Boone! the veins of the _ leaves minutely puberulent ; heads about 12-flow Limestone rocks, Sabina’s Creek (Camanc i cas Tex xas, Dr. Riddell! (8-) —Shrub 6 feet high; the branches terete ; the branchlets slightly angled. Leaves in shape and texture wholly resembling many forms of E: aromati- lar. e m 0. pee or nearly so; the exterior scales 4—6, linear, rather acute, er and bracteola: ate; the inner about the same number, her broader, with narrow scarious margins, somewhat obtuse, bec . ciliate at the apex. Corolla “ white, slightly tinged with rose-color" (Rid- dell), dilated upwards, scarcely longer than the pappus; the teeth short, i A ios uberulent, and a MERE somewhat viscous.— The pe exactly with De la Sagra's Me from Cuba, except Pm 2 | 83. ae pe tems oboe stem rere ocho. © branching; leaves tioles, membra deltoid, t te or subcor ^ Ate (rarely coe obt s x oid, truncate o wie. ly e 5 3-nerved at the base, slightly pubescent; T4 : E panicled ; heads 20-flowered ; scales of the i involucre nearly ere Lene few of the outermost shorter,) in a somewhat double Evpatoricm. COMPOSITE. -91 series, subulate-linear, acute, 2-nerved, slightly pubescent; m about the length of the iifundibolilorme — corolla; achenia glabro: — Walt. Car p. 200 M sk. ! prodr. 5. p. 175. Rich "3 Carolina ! to Florida! Losan and Texas! Sept--Nowv. ga 2-3 feet high, at length decumbent and producing numerous branch- Leaves 1-2 inches long, the lat = nerves pedately branched from me base ; — rather shone than the lamina. Heads s nearly as large a E.a oides. Lobes of the corolla light purple, very short, ovate, ^ X glabrous. Bra Eee of the sli ghtly exserted style very obtuse.—Considera- bly ogee Conoclinium ceelestinum. 24. ccidentale (Hook.): nearly glabrous; stem (or branches) — leaves z Dais (rarely era on short Siesta ovate, acute or acumi- e nate, tripli terris coarsely and sparingly se ; the uppermost nario EY mall and inis pm i ure heads 15-25-flowered ; of the conca inear, acute, eet equal, in a single series ; corol "dp. ! fl. Bor.- A sca infundibulform ; otg € Lise —— .! fl. Bor.- Am. PE TET C. ! prodr. 5. p. 176. p- 286. ser.) 7. Interior of Oregon, in Mee places, Douglas! Nuttall '— Plant 6-12 A: owers white or pale rose-color. Styles much exserted. Lea iios an inch long. Eupatorium luteum of Rafinesque doubtless belongs to some other genus; but it will never be identified by the following character: “ E. luteum (yellow Eupatory) ; leaves linear, cuneifo acute, entire, smooth ; ‘to paniculated; calyx 4-flow- ered —In New a Raf. à n med. repos . (hex. 2.) 5. p. 361.— olium and Eupatorium Prion lanum of Sprengel, and of —— (in. gated ll. p. 5), which came fro - we est ‘Indies, and not from South America States, is a genuine of Vernonia, (fide. s e. in Aerb. ers: Prof. Schlechtendal must E. vois the double Sa 17. MIKANIA. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452; DC. prodr. 5. p. 187. Heads mostly 4-flowered. Receptacle naked, narrow. Scales of the in- voluere 4 or 5. Corolla dilated or campanulate at die summit, 5-toothed. Anthers partly exserted. (Style with a cylindrical glabrous bulb at the base; the branches exserted, filiform, scarcely obtuse.) Achenia angled. Pappas in a single series, capillary, scabrous.—Shrubby or or herbaceous mostly climbing plants (chiefly tropical and American), with opposite com- EEN cordate leaves. Heads corymbose, panicled, or spicate. Flowers whitish. 1. M. scandens be ag s stem gets. twining ; leaves on slender peti- 9les, cordate, acumin di rengin or angularly toothed towards the ra r pubescent, or ile F the cac cfe: lanceolate Linn.! es ES - COMPOSITE. MikANIA. Moist shady places, m gen streams, Mestehot to Louisiana! common; the more pubescent forms occurring in the Southern States. July-Sept.—Flowers purplish-white or flesh-color. gren appendiculate at the aper 18. CONOCLINIUM. DC. prodr. 5. p. 134. Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate ; the scales linear or sub- ulate, somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series, nearly equal. Receptacle naked, conical! Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers - “ included. Branches of the style somewhat cylindrical, obtuse. Achenia angled, glabrous. Pappus capillary, scabrous, in a single series. —Perennial herbs or suffruticose (American) plants, with opposite petioled toothed leaves. Corymbs terminal, crowded. Flowers blue or purple. C. celestinum (DC.! 1. c.): birbécéod us, pubescent or nearly glabrous; "feu deltoid-ovate, ofien isle cordate, tapering to the apex, coarsely crenate-serrate, tripli-nerved, on slender pr tioles; scales of the (30-60-flow- — involucre about 30, nearly subulate.— Eupatorium pape Linn. spec. 2. p. 838; Willd. ! spec. > p. 1764; “Miche. 15919. 9 ; Ell. + Pp 306 ; Ben. ! fl. Cest. p. 462. Cublestina inde cus syst. 3. p. m Beck! bot. p. 198 ; Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. p. 96; not of Cass., Thickets &c. Pennsylvania, and throughout the Western and Southern tates! Sept.—Stem 2-3 feet hi gh, sometimes hairy. Flowers light bluish- purple, S dd Achenia oei with resinous globules. = ne ie e enus is dis- tinguished from Eupatorium merely by the conical e cun Subtribe 9. - TUSSILAGINE®, Less.—Heads with the flowers dissimilar or somewhat dicecious t purplish, or sometimes yellow); the pistillate either ligulate or tub 19. NARDOSMIA. Cass. dict. 35. p. 186; Los sym. p. 139. xdi Heads many-flowered, somewhat diccious. - the ray in a single series, pistillate, ligulate ; of th but infertile, with the corolla tubular and 5-toothe STERILE Pr. Flowers of pai numerous, perfect ERTILE Pr. Flow- -ers of the ray in several series, pistillate, a ae ligulate ; those of the disk | few, tubular. Scales of the involucre in a si ingle series, equal to or shorter than the flowers. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia somewhat terete, glabrous. Pappus capillary, that of the sterile plant shorter and less copious _ than of the fe fertile.— Perennial herbs (in N. Ame rica nearly confined to the ie =, regions). Leaves radical, cordate, toothed | F lobed, gen e s pearing with or rather later than the flowers. Scape with scaly bracts; the. heads in a fastigiate thyrsus or corymb. Flowers purplish or nearly ¥ fragrant. i Ei E ie -a - N. frigida oo leaves cordate, unequall ly and sel y coarsely t Se d inii glabrous above, the lower seque white t x Nanpossta. COMPOSITE. 93 . . tomentose ; the lobes at the base A DC.—Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1 p. 307 (enel. P 7); DC. prodr. 5 N. augulosa, Cass. dict. L ie Less æa, 6. p. 107. ue Ta igida, Linn. « Fl. Dan. GOE: Pury oe = p. 531.. T. scapo imbricato, &c.* Gmel. fi. Sibir. 2. p. t. 70 Arie rod from lat. 66°, Might Kotzebue's Sound! and Una- schka! to Lake Winipeg, lat. the mountains of Canada, and the dee mountains of Vermont and Nev ew Hampshire, according to Pursh. corymbosa (Hook.) : leaves cordate, sinuate and acer denti ci Bop. acute, glabrous M. tomentose beneath; the lobes at the base di- verging. DC.— Hook. ! ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 206. uss de bosa, R. Br. es Posi. ‘Ist voy. suppl. p. 269; Hook. & A Beechey, p rctic “ee ca, from —€— Island ! to | ipsios s en ! and d to S Norman, in about 65°.—Corymb with few N. sagittata (Hook.) : leaves boot acute, sagi ttate, entire; the lobes asi; DC. (lea abe brine or reniform- -sagiti ate, sinuate-toothed, tomentose beneath. Hook. |. c.—Tussilago sagittata, Pursh, fl. 2 ussi =p: Hudson’s Bay (Hutchinson), Pursh. Swamps in the Rocky “Moun tains (Drummond !) and from Lake Superior in lat. 48°, to Fort Franklin in lat. 66°, Richardson.—With numerous specimens before + we strongly suspect {as Hooker also does) that this and the two preceding are hic gena one i me- - N. palmata (Hook.): leaves reniform or roundish-cordate, tomentose beneath palmately 5-7-lobed ; the segments coarsely toothed, sep incised obed.— Hook. ! Bor.- Am. 1. p. 308; DC. N. pal- mata, iliko & speciosa, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. ote. pé F p.988. Tussilago palmata, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 188, t. 2; Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1972 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p: 531 ; Beck, bot. p. 199- Swamps and shady banks of streams, No odiund & Labrador! zt from Bear Lake, lat. 67°, to the Rocky Mountains! and to the Pacific at the mouth of the Oregon! Also Lake Huron and Maine, Nuttall. Fairhaven, : i, Mr. bi : toc: Saratoga, New York, Dr. Steele! April-May.—Leaves some- s 10 to 12 inches in € aeter, when fully developed. Scape stout, 6-20 inches high, with numerous 3 lea a e aths. Heads numerous, in a corymbose thyr rocky Mountains are noticed by Hooker, 4 z 10 this species, m the preceding perhaps uttal jokeriana is said to be founded upon the N. palmata of Hooker, as well as ‘of Willdenow, Pursh i in part, anc a ponian : Bs speciosa is the N. peg of Hooker from Oregon specimens ord so well with the figure of Aiton, € oo ie plant " ie Northern Un ited States, &c. (which presents very considerable diversities in size and s cm ge) that we see not | o be distinguished. Although the species of he degree of division or v the ape The sub- — 5 ad subfeminine plants are pas appearanc = USSILAGO. Tourn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 170; Less. syn. p. 199. many-flowered, heterogamous. Flowers of the ray very narrowly | , in sev several series, pistillate ; those of the disk yum a - COMPOSITE. T'ussiLAGO. of the conie campanulate, 5- -toothed), staminate: Scales of the involucre oblong, obtuse, somewhat in a single series. Receptacle naked. Anthers scarcely caudate. Style abortive in the flowers of the disk; in those of the ray 2-cleft, the branches somewhat terete. Achenia of the ray somewhat cylindrieal-oblong, glabrous; in the disk abortive. Pappus of the ray- ve. flowers in many series, of the disk in a single series, capillary.—A perennial 5 herb, common throughout Europe and Asia, and sparingly naturalized in | northern portions of the United States. Rhizoma rather thick, horizontal. m — radical, appearing later than the flowers, cordate, angled or toothed, > ioled. Scape clothed with scaly bracts, tomentose, bearing a single h head. F A yellow.—Colt’s-foot. T. — gee Va Dan. t. 595 ; Engl. Y g 429; Willd. ! spec. 3. p- 1 ! prod 5P 208; Beck bt Gre P p iw heallow in cultivated gronds s; introduced from urope. March-April.—The Colts Seles well known article of the os is lar thateria medica, althou hn t eiumerated by any dise write 91. ADENOEAULON. Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 19, t. 15, & fl. Bor.-Am. l. p. 308; DC. prodr. 5. p. 207. Heads 5-10-fowered, heterogamous ; : the flowers all tubular and equal: those of the ray 5, in a single series, pistillate; of the disk 4-5, staminate- Corolla 4—5-lobed. Scales of the involucre several, án a single series, Te- flexed in fruit. Receptacle naked. Achenia obovate-oblong or clavate, _ bearing towards the summit numerous large stipitate glands. Pappus none. —Perennial (N. American & Chilian) herbs. Stem leafy towards the base, naked and paniculate above, clothed with a somewhat deciduous tomentose pubescence, glandular towards the summit. Leaves alternate, pinnately or palmately veined, membranaceous, petioled, glabrous above, tomentose and canescent beneath. Heads few, small, loosely ponie Flowers ap- parently white. c hA nor (Hook.! l. e.) : leaves — neg ee pne toothed or sinuate, somewhat decurrent on DC. gi oli ium: leaves eame Pepa acan or slightly ety 7 e te-toothed or —A. integrifolium, Nutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n R9. ; Dense woods, Oregon, from Fort Vancouver, &c. Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall !. to the Rocky —: in lat. 52°, Drummond! Near the outlet of Lake atch une.—Stem 10-30 inches high, slender. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and | ually about the same bread t the base sely entose beneath with a close white arachnoid pubescence. Anthers r tate, acuminate, sterile and nearly unconnected in the fertile flowers. Sty paar gece flowers, in the fertile with two short obtuse lobes.- de i rae ‘eaves is very ineo mime oe the o "does Mur Em o. C * ASTEROIDER. COMPOSITE. 95 Trige IIl. ASTEROIDE Æ. I Style (in the perfect flowers) etienne, above; the peen flat or flattish, mostly linear or lanceolate; above equally pubescent exter- á maly; the conspicuous stigmatic lines terminating where the exterior pubescence commences, not confluent.—Leaves alternate, or rarely "site. “ay hy 4 ns CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES. E me ` Subtribe 1. Asrerinem. - Heads heterogamous and radiate, or homogamous, Re- Did: seldom chaffy. Anthers not caudate. Leaves alternate . 9$ 45 Div. 1. Asrzrem. Heads radiate, — (rays never yellow). 190 Div. 2. — OCOM Heads radiate, or homogamous, homochromous (both the ray ind disk yellow). Subtribe 2. P ABR eee Heads pala. or heterogamous, but never de n : the pistillate flowers tubular, — or filiform, in ave ral series. Kecepfacle P ot chaffy. Anthers not cau ubtribe 3. TARCHONANTHEJE.- E. s dicci dis or Og ape -but never ra- rent the ras flowers ee and very or hete mostly in oes series. Subtribe 4. ndr Heads heterogamous and radiate, or WM Em d dis- coid, never diccious. Receptacle not chaffy. Anthers caudate. es ate fb Subtribe 5. EcryPrEx. Heads het eterogamous, radiate. Receptacle chaffy. An- thers not caudate. a toothed or awned, or none. Leaves opposite. Ze Subtribe 1. Eo DC.—Heads heterogamous and radiate, or ho- E never diccious. Receptacle seldom chaffy. Anthers not cau- - - Leaves almost always alternate. Div. 1. AstTEREZ, DC.—Heads heterogamous, radiate; the rays of the c cyanic series (viz: white, purple, or blue, &c.); the disk-flowers yellow, but frequently changing to "ins in fading. Receptacle not chaffy, except 1n à species of Corethro ogyne 2 CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. Subdiv, 1. Evasteres.—Pappus of capillary or rarely subulate ee 426 * Rays neutral or sterile. Pappus simple, capillary. uis «39. GataTELLA. Append of the ciim triangular or deltoid-spatulate. Pap- pus ofthe ray and disk similar. 23. 3. Consranocrn. Appendages of the style densely penicillate. Pappus of . . the ray nearly or entirely wanting. Pappus of the ray and disk similar (except in Erigeron § Phalacro- loma), simple or d double ; the inner capillary. * Ra — or numerous, in & s je imb L diem mostly bi- - Pappus simple, very u unequal. e series, cem lucre obovate, much im Leaves y pinnately 96 COMPOSIT®. ASTEROIDEE. Senrcocanniiina pus simple, unequal. Den of the ray and disk few. Involue ong, imbricated, aig AsTER. — simple, copio Rays nume ee in asingle series. Invo- lucre more or less e tee lao a eolate. easton: Pa appus er ches (age Appian. or pon me exterior ee ceous-subulate ha numerous, and often o or more pk Suet of the inv bani nearly me almost in ingle series. Keceptacle naked 28. PaE Pappus double; the exterior short and setaceous or squamel- late-subulate. Rays i ina single series. Involucre imbricated. * * * Pappus of the ray aud disk dissimilar. 29. ‘Townsenvra. Pappus simple; that of the disk competed o of C roble lary bristles ; of | the ray short and petes Acheni 30. Cusrorim, Pappus do us the inner of 5 E bristle; the exterior of o 5 hyaline scales. Achen ia nearly te 31. PEN Pappus of several very small, m 2 or more rigid and e: larger bristles. - nia flat, margine ABW suuis, 2. BELLIDEX.— Pappus none, or minute and coroniform. 32. BELLIS. Achenia obovate, compressed. Pappus no 33. ArnaNosTEPHUs, Achenia terete. Pappus a very minute crown. LJ Subdiv. 1. Evasterex.—Pappus, at least the inner, composed of capillary or rarely subulate bristles. (Euasteree, Diplopappee, Erigereze, & Heteropap- pee, DC ! 22. GALATELLA. Cass. dict. 37. p. 463; Nees, Ast. p. 158. (excl. spec.) Galatea, Cass. (dict. 18, Ẹec.); Less. $ Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few (3-12), sterile, but usually furnished with a bo style, and sometimes with one or two abortive filaments ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre shorter than the disk ; the scales closely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, sometimes obscurely 1 nerved or slightly carinate, destitute of herbaceous tips; the outermost bracteolate. Receptacle al veolate, the alveoli toothed. Corolla of the disk _ with a cylindrical tube, and an expanded deeply 5-cleft limb; the lobes lan- ceolate-linear, spreading. Anthers exserted. Branches of the style (in the disk-flowers ers) li inear, terminated by a short and deltoid- spatulate or tri- D pad AE Se à, si y-villoas. Pappus composed of 3 copious rather rigid un errulate-geabrous capillary - bristles ; that of the ray similar but es erennial herbs (natives of Europe, Northern Asia, and the United "we d the stems simple below, corymbose at the summit. Leaves alter- nate, lanceolate or linear, entire, rather rigid, 1-3 nerved, veinless, often ages es nctate. pum bees the fastigiate branches. Rays ert . purple, or pe white nes Jute sometimes ue = purplish ^ oe | | ron mme perenne us £ i GALATELLA. COMPOSIT#. 97 e two genera have vM nearly = zase geographical range The sterile rays piit distinguish it from Aste - meris (species of Calimeris of Und to which Aster enis Ait. belo - G. hyssopifolia I in eae diei minutely scabrous; the co- Prius branches num ves lanceolate- fiat. acute, narrowed at the base, punctate, e six Be: ose of de brauchs small, sub- ulate- eri ; involucre about half ge length B the d the scales acutish ; he rior ovate-lance cola ather wt nds lien linear-oblong, Xm membranaeeous p ; rays is uper than the e sk.— Nees, Ast. p.160; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 255. -G. albiflora, dec dict. 1 p- 58. (under - Galatea.) Aster hysoriin Linn. ! mant. A Willd.) spec. 3. p. Au Pursh l fl. 2. p. Ell. ! sk. 2. p..3 ; eaves tly l- sere ; rays 3-7, we exceeding the disk.—G. lini- folia, Nees, l. c. ; DC.! L c. (excl. syn. Lin G.a pum Cass. = dict. Sci. nat. 18. p. 58, fide Nas. Cayea linifolia, Nt. n 2. p.1 * Sandy daas and woods, New Jersey to Carolina," Pursh! rem “Oet. —Stem 1-2 feet high, birict. Leaves 1-3 inches long. spreading, 1 -nerved, and often with two less distinct lateral nerves. . Rays white, tinged with pur- ple.—This is a very uncommon plant, if indeed it be a pare of Pit United States. We have never on © ith an indigenous specimen, unless that in Elliot's herbarium, commu ted by Muhlenberg, dunes prove to be so ses o rays), but even to hav t with New Jersey specimens of E i e. i loides. His G. leptophylla, a an Tw e species or unkno E also conjectured to be a native of North America. The species rof Galatella are still in much confusion 23. D T UM DC. prodr. 5. p. 215. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers neutral, numerous, in a single se- ries; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the hemispherical invo- lucre imbricated in several series, lanceolate or linear, with somewhat spread- ing tips; the exterior shorter. Receptacle flat, obscurely alveolate, some- times with linear chaff scattered among the flowers. Rays linear, elongated ; the corolla of the disk cylindraceous, with 5 short (somewhat hairy) teet Anthers tipped with a filiform-cuspidate appendage. Branches of the yh linear, bordered with conspicuous ‘stigmatic lines, tipped with a dense peni- cillate tuft of rather rigid bristles. Achenia of the ray none, or a mere rudi- Be the disk cuneif rm or ares silky or tilag. ag simps sg , OF ous rather tat ur E $ =e ra short. and unequa al brine. — Pordig herbs. or nek pixie (na- tives of California), clothed with a soft and white, at length somewhat decidu- Ous wool; the branches terminated by rather large solitary ie quens numerous, linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, mucronulate, cl ; the | i radical and lowermost tapering into a petiole, serrate or toxthied towards the - apex. Rays violet-purple; the disk eae Pappus turning reddish-brown x purplish. “Or To this in teresting genus (founded upon a © Soe os € (32 | us of Hoo : * He species in mie Amat in Bee uttall, upon which he n established a m- + you. n.13 oY, VOL. " 98 COMPOSITE. Ce ORETHROGYNE. E 3 re the Anian Pph © ae a hrogyn inia : : 50 pm e. - the a (ex redna the- chaff of the xi a we still strongly suspect the y will Dire w 0 be the same species. The A.? tellus, Hook. & A is s. d a different species, perhaps too near C. filaginifolia ia. $1. l- Receptacle with linear iun e dar chaffy scales intermixed among WETS, vsually if mabalicays, wanting in the centre of the head. C. Cali liforn stems and simple branches very woolly, leafy ; aes incar lmceolate ktera, the lower ones lanceolate-oblong. taper- . ing to se, sparingly toothed ; scales of the hemispherical involucre " glandular-viseid, w ith somewhat | Spreading tips; achenia wd S ilky- villous.— DC. ! aw €. j Hook. & Arn. ! bot mien suppl. p. 3 California, Douglas !—Leaves an inch or engih, wc woolly - ike the stem, resembling a Gnapbalium. onde ‘rad, three fGen of an h in diameter. Scales of the _involucre rigid; the innermost linear, as long as the disk, scarious below: the exterior Becta entirely herbaceous and glandular-viscid externally, abd also slightly woolly : the summit of the branches likewise slightly glandular. Chaff of the receptacle narrow, sca- rious, sometimes as long as the flowers and with herbaceous tips, E some of 1 reduced to hyaline eee not more than nes Vs aed ay of the achenia. HC At $ i oth ae diea t: 2. “Receptacle destitute of chaf. tt.): very woolly; stem: very leaf , branching above; aring zs “eaves fines puo late, suberect ; the lowermost obl g-lanceolate, tap ring to the base, sparingly toothed ; $ scales of the hemispherical involucre elaniular-viseid, with — spreading ps; i entose;' ky-canescent.— Nutt. ! ans. Amer» w): p- 290, excl. syn. jc ss, Natali May—The r ray- -flowers (light bluish- reel an. and ap- "i d e mpl rss The ilopeppus cab BR Lindl referred ies by ui PE woes Di eteri p Si | ConETHROGYNE. COMPOSITÆ. | 99 first woolly- capescent, at length nen glabrous ; achenia cuneiform-oblong, pang Bechet, 1 escent.—Nuit./ l.c. Aster? filaginifolius, Hook. pi Arn rr TN p- TG. Diplopappus leücapllfilus, Lindl. in D roar. T: dd fees Capt. Beechey! St. Barbara, Nuttall !—Plant more Senter” d "branched than the preceding, apparently pa o. suffruticose at the base ; the eena similar, but looser an or deciduous. He smaller; the scales of the involucre fewer, and not glandular « or viscid. Pap- pos of the ray almost none. Young achenia turbinate and silky-canescent ; en mature compressed and uppotely silky-pubescent. The sy resem- ies. À bles that of the preceding spec 4. C. tomentella : aem shrubby at the base; ehe Moschee slender, vod leafy to tien summ s (of the branches T oblong, eee ae tues of the short branchlet i peduncle crowded, very small and bract-like, paming into ss o oo Aga tomentose scales the somewhat turbinate i involucre; € X Opa —Aster? tomen- tellus, Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey p à Monterey, Dr, is hey ! gf sit in herb. Hook.)—W'e have seen but a single an ven “special N which has still smaller heads than C. filaginifolia : i poss or slightly aper scales of the ovals are pretty close y imbricated in 4 or 5 series, and. ually nto the al e jos ] © 3 a -— pod o> a 0 - branaceous, obtuse, but often slightly m the Keiner g. The leaves of the branches are small, d etis soil: ; the Sube oblong ; the lowest linear ; those of the proper stem unkno 24. DIETERIA. Nut in. trans. Amer. phil. soc. 7. p. 300. (on Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous (10-30), in a : single ries, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the obomi or turbinate involucre closely imbricated for the most part in several series, linear, rigid, somewhat carinate, unequal, with herbaceous squarrose-spread- ing or recurved tips. Receptacle flat, somewhat alveolate; t ibe alveoli narrow, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style ceolate, minutely hirsute. Achenia turbinate for; often compressed, pubescent or silky. Pappus of numerous scabrous and rather rigid capillary bristles, very unequal (in 2 or 3 series) ; that of the ray similar but frequently shorter and less copious—Annual, biennial, or triennial Darke (n (n atives of se pi and ee x: brise, canescent or pulv erulent-pubescer rarely entire, usually pinnately toothed or or sessile. eads (often large) solitary or sev mose branches. Ra ays purple or violet, rarely aie. the disk-flow- EY OW lS. nish. ee 8 1. Scales of the involucre imbrü - tips: leaves usually rigid, ee lo the reS dd s radica ear or oda Fs E i, » ae Aa 100 * ; COMPOSITA. DiETERIA. _* Corolla of the disk very Ins not dilated at the summit : appendages of the style —— subulate- filiform fe RS EI dX sex ciiin. de. viscidty beta pee simple; heads spi- cate-racemose, often crowded ; leaves linear or what lanceolate, incisely spinulose- E. eiie 0215) Saee Nutt ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 301. - Denudated ids s of the Roc cky Mountains and Oregon, Nuttall !— Stems about a foot high, mostly simple, E base and lower leaves minutely canes- cent; the upper portion, involucr , &c. viscid. Heads rather smaller than the following, scarcely a third of an inch in diameter, obovate or turbinate, disposed in a close or crowded raceme or spike. Achenia, as in the other species of th a narrow, canescentl y pubescent. i ery nearly allied to the following specie 2. D. viscosa (Nut a pulverulently pubescent = viscid ; stems | 3 racemosely branched or somewhat corymbose; leaves linear. P or acu ard : nate, incisely spinulose- ps rays 18-20) pur ne. —Nut ET ; * ‘With the 15 e eceding, parti | ye (18 ds Blu ff on ud Platte, Nut- a — tall '—« Ste eli ples. often Suy viscid, ind ex — h the strong heavy tes j i. ^ . of Aster graveolens or Gnaphalium American aves sometimes near" — . in or runcinate." Nutt.—Scales of thie turbinate involucre Puy . numerous, linear, rigid, with short squarrose-recurved tips qe 3. D. ape age hosed: Serta canescent, not glandular or pe ee AN A onl a ye i 'e vain edes Pol eem ; the Srne es divaricate; radical FS diver bow pebseisa or somewhat spatulate, strongly Bitam porc ; 73 Tux the u lin nom pa often neatly entire ; rays (12-16) short, pale blue or urple.— Nut — Denudated plains of the Rock: ioontáins a: E common, Nuttall! x» cM - a foot high; ; branches — naked, with small leaves, spreading out d ompound car; appus fulvous or white. JNutt.— The heads are about tbe size of | ee apparently mete ovi obovoid or al- most hn with rather br oader, fewer, and less acute, perhaps less Tan oriant nd landular ‘or viseid) scales. The rays r than the disk.— T hese spocie are be found to pass into each other =F D. tncana: perennial? minutely canescent throughout with a very M i soft p ubescence ; Re stout, r nely cae branche dise branches s often. t * Sr d oi rs corymbose, ended by si ngle large heads ; leaves cuts ig ulate e, entire, or frequently with a few laciniate mucronate teet th n ih luere obovoid- -hemisplierica 1; the Tine ar slightly ‘glandular i : coh cated in numerons series, with very a p — tips; rays (about 30) dt sper a iolet; acheni y a VO inae us, bot. ! bot. mag. t. p. 861; Walt.! eH P 204. Aste conyzoides, Willd. e+ 2 ; Pursh! fl. 9. p. 555 ; Ell. ! sk. 9. p. 341; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 56 (a 6. plantaginifolius) ; Bisel Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 311. A. Mari- ; Holficus ir Pluk. mant.), Michz.! fl. 9. p. 108. E cae d calycibus Squar- .— rosis, flosculis, &c., Crono! f Virg. (ed. 1) à x ; prarain ds, Sebas tts! to Fahr. common. June-Aug.— Bs Plant 1-2 feet high. - Leaves rather firm, 1-3 inches lon Heads some- . times solitary and pedicellate,. but usually sessile in FO " dusters. rege : __ 3. S.tortifolius oo slight] ghtly canescent with a minute dense pubescence; e leaves short, spatulate-oblong. or obovate, entire, mucronulate, 1-nerved, obs : x ; y punctate, spreading and usually 3 both surfaces. sin 3 AO ; . = i s shorter than in the S. mee neus, but always longer than the tus , (ta duy margins, ivdisin «is 3-nerved or MEhdy s veiny, ardere ate-sc Sonar ; heads (small) glomerate at the e extremity of the fastigiate pedun- < cles ; involucr Ecs aire A few-flowe red ; yay ae pappus wae 149; Hooks! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 14; Dar ringt t ca ; W. T illd. ! spec. 2- p. 2024 ; d H 4. 2. r ; ; Nutt. . Ss fosa. a Michz.! 2. RT M a 73 Pluk. alm. t. 79, f-2. Galatella pias e Lon. 18 ia ON lands, Canada! and Morther States! to Alabama! and pu 1 yh very common. July-Sept.—Plant pale ipei Lee abou 2 feet high ; the stems Mendez. often several fous ra r rons caudex. Hea mold, close clusters, fe ew-flowered; the Pm of th aii. white, with abrupt green tips. deae much locit $ 2. Inelueré meaty Fare than the disk; the scales linear or narrowly- » less rigid and. appressed ; the tips greenish but scarcely squarroses x. x Ld S - * o. Kc SERICOCARPUS. COMPOSITE. | 103 n loose compound corymbs, mostly con ipee and bibracteate ; scales of the eov] - aide narrowly oblong, with a x d spreading tips; rays longer than copious white pappus.— l.c t. p. 1l oya "bifoliata, Walt. Car. p. 204. Aster deed Micha ia 2d m 109; L4 sk. 1 "8. ‘Collins: leaves sparingly crenate-serrate.—Aster j| linsii, Nutt. ! in jour. ipic Philad. 7. p. 82. Barrens and dry pine woods, Vireinitl and North Carolina! to Florid and Louisiana!. 8. Florida, -— Ware! Aug.—Sept. ae about 2 fects high, branched above. Leaves 6-12 lines long, rigid.—Heads as + dared as in. B gr Ee seldom clu Werf. Flowers d the disk 10 or more. Achen short.—In a specimen collected in Virginia by Mr. Durand, the lower love * are manly crenate-serrate, and the ative entire - S. Oregonensis (Nutt.): nearly glabrous; leaves broadly em 4 is Bahr acute, entire, 1-nerved, veiny, both sides and especially the m S scabrous ; heads clustered in small compact corymbs ; scales of the eroien involucre oblong-linear, 1-nerved ; rays longer than the Pa parei " -achenia slender.— Nutt. / in ond. nes il. soc. (n. s er.) 7. . . Oregon, Nuttall '—Plant appar ie rather lar arge and s stout, somewhat noche e nches > ba: in the following species, about 15-flowered. Achenia not very densely silky, nearly linear, yy. alf the pe of the pappus.— mde have reason to think that this wi pro mere Berl of the succeeding; yet the exserted fes k = SR a poeta character. SE. S. ri dus (Lidat T ao wen eid A ur ie or ob- eei. Obtuse, often mucronulate, e somewhat 3-ne ^ Mr bot surfaces very Par E^ cartes pope hea in small compac mbs ; scales of the turbinate 3nvolucre narcowty ob long or inear, 1- served ; rays shorter than the” (white) páppues achenia rather Slender. —Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 14, & in DC. l. c. Nutt. ! l. c. (8. le icone) Galatella platylepis, Nees, in Pe Arn. Low hills and gravelly soil, Oregon, around Fort Vane € ies g- las! Dr. Scouler? Nuttall! July-Aug.—Plant 1 to 2 feet high; the sim- Leaves an inch in length, rigid. Heads about 15-flowered, near- ly as large as in S. cony ides. Inner scales 9r the involucre about the P. inh of the disk, scarious; the exterior with somewhat squarrose greenish | "A Raysi inconspicuous, but perhaps always eres and fertile. Ache- “a nia i when mature about half the length of the pappus, not very densely Ed zh 26. ASTER. Tourn. inst. 40; . Linn. gen. no. 954. (excl. el] Aster, Biotia, Tripolium, Heleusirudi & speciea, of Calimeris, DC. - Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers i inasi ingle series, pistillate ; ; those n ofthe disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre more or less imbricated, _ ‘Usually with herbaceous or foliaceous tips. Receptacle flat, uero or Tarely naked. Appendages of the style (in the id iae Bose ~Subulate, acute, rarely triangular or obtuse. Achen y com yressed. Pappus simple, of numerous, often unequal, airt cap e BES | sean! herbs, or rarely annual (Tripolium), chiefly uátives of a Y rica. Leaves alternate. entire. or serrate. Heads corymbose, pain 5 : white, purple, or blue; the corolla of the E ee authorities u HN COMPOSITAE. ASTER: We are greatly indebted to several botanists apd public canines of this co a use of their entire collections of American Asters; and we would especi- edgments to tir Wm i - n we have enjoyed, our arrangem , probably the most difficult genus | North American botany sibough 3 M pies of much la bor , is by no means so satis- factory as could be dead. A h much remains to be done before our species escribed fr an ave Bubuess undergone great alterations in Ripe to say nothing of the strong robb occasional hybridization. A large, and indeed increasing number ese are only known as garden plants; iud itis probable that many will mea rus identified with their original types; even supposing them to have n derived in all i i n ert A ‘May remark, in viscera ae we are the more inclined to act upon Victions, on account of th ry frequent and do disent even of v^ “highest n this genus re borate-campamidate the scales regularly imbricated in several titute of herbaceous tips; the exterior successively : receptacle actin: : rays 6-15: appendages of the style subulate- : Jusquelahs, recurved or diverging, minutely hispid: bristles of the pappus = fatkern Ag the inner series mostly. slightly: M" d, somewhat 3-angled or + co sus (Ait.): slender, often flexuous, terete; leaves a eous, coarsely or eds ane unequally serrate with sharp t, conspicuously acu e, all but eed uppermost cordate and or E ads loosely coryni- he disk; the p. 207; wia spec. 3. p. 2036; of t j thickened towards the 3 ales. o ae; ro We em dS hones. COMPOSIT A. po Pursh! fl. 1. p. 552; Ell. sk. 9. p. 365. A. i divericaten Linn. spec. € 9. p 873? (fide herb. 2 exch Ne Gronov. & per . Eurybia corymbosa, ‘Con. dict. sci. n ; Nees, Ast. p. 143; Lindl.! bot. rec. t. 1532; Hook. ! JU Bor. -Am. 2, Y {G Darlingt. » "unt. p.469. Biotia corym- ced prodr. 5. p. 265. woodlands, Canada and eris n Ribes! to the middle country or iie ins of the Southern States! J ug.—Stem 1-2 feet high, gla- brous, or pubescent towards the summit, go re it branches into a loose (often somewhat aegiy) ec orymb. Leaves very thin and membranaceous, 2-4 or 5 inches lon Eon ongly serrate with sharp and spreading rather distant and feos irregular p /'hich are tippe conspicuous mucronate-acuminate $ qo E glabrous or or spa rsely hairy Bi e, and often hairy on the midrib and eneath, as also the slender petioles, varying from. E a t9. ate- diesel e, but all except the uppermost cordate ; the upper with - margined. petioles the uppermost sessile anc epar serrate smaller than in the following species, the outer scales of the involucre lnoorh.: except the ciliate-pu escent margin) rounder and less rigid. Pap- pus tawny. Achenia nearly glabrous when mature.—Lindley cites the As- ter iy of Michaux as a synonym of this species, on the authority of a . Specimen communicated by A. Richard: but, if we mistake not, he Sea re of BI caper herbarium accord with the Linnæan A. cor us. x» a ce llus (Linn. ste stout, oe striate- dat v — RE pubeseen abov sere corym tA a a rous, Biely serrate, somewhat acum Esc ag de "e k - ‘owed! ones ce (large) cordate, on slender petioles; the upper sessile or on argined peti- oles; heads i mple corymbs; involucre nearly the length of the disk; the exterior OR id, decas ovate-oblong; rays (white or ari 12-15.— Linn.! spec. (ed. 2) 9. p. pow Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 207 ; M pee 1. p.114; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2037; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 552. Éorytia phylla, Cass. in roi sci. se rd . 487; Nees, Ast. p. 140 (excl. bes Ys divaric. &c.) ; Darlingt.! ft. Ct p. 465; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2 Biotia macrophylla, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 265. stem and leaves pediy vi - glabrous; A usually smaller. X Ks Schreberi, Nees, synops. p. Spreng. syst. 3. p. 535. urybia Schreberi, Nees! Ast t. p. 138. Bod rBchecban ri, Dc. Fhe (Varies, with the ee somewhat gre n on short pedicels, and the rays shorter; appa- — - rently + et al s Eurybia plorera; Bernh. in Nees, l. c. Biotin pier x b! P eS y. sereias r seals of the involuere p or roundish-oval ; ode wise a and ex e. cmm TY Wood ds, S — (from the Saskat Aug Sept —Stem 14-3 feet high, usually broa 2 orymbose; dees well as phe pedicels and ei i clothed oe a dm ers: rū- hich d X ui iei or viscid under pes often with postees airs interm xed; ', as also a e petioles, either s ooth or with a rough - pubescene 4- mg and 3-6 in widt ing m winged petiole. Heads mostly an inch ^ diameter the exterior ie ". = Obtuse; the innermost much larger and me er S i reddish. Achenia hess, “obscure sty striate, almost g at There are certain es of Biotia indigenous 1 Med pig heen bia, Nes) coments = VOL. m.-14 TE. 3 : 106 COMPOSITA. ASTER. 48 e Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, coriaceous, with her- aceous spreading or squarrose tips: receptacle alveolate: rays numerous asio: appendages of the style lanceolate: bristles of the pappus rigid, unequal, a portion of the inner more or less thickened towards the summit: enia narrow, angled or striate, slightly or scarcely compressed : cauline leaves sessile, rigid ; the radical never cordate: heads large and showy. a CALLIESTRUM. This section closely approaches Biotia — ei Radula, and Sericocarpus by A. gracilis: it appears to form a ve The inner bristles of the pappus become more rigid and more Mad re ducali above as they grow old. Es A. sages (Ait.): stem strict, glabrous, angled with decurrent lines, mbose at the summit; the branches few, nearly simple and Cory ne é naked sli slighty = escent; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pai towards the base, closely xni scabrous both sides and somewhat aem shar Is serrate, ‘at least in the middle; involucre cam- Jaco Us cec deant shorter than the disk ; the scales oblong, rather ob- tuse, pubescent-ciliate, appressed, = slightly spreading herbaceous tips; achenia glabrous, linear-oblong, many striate.— Ait. Kew. eee 1) 3. p. 210; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 556; Nees, Ast. p. 43; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 7; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 230. . leaves ovate- lanceolate, or the lower ones somewhat obovate-oblong, acute or slightly oe -—A. nudiflorus, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 157 ; Darlingt.! p.4 C. 1 oist em and low grounds, Nova Scotia (Aiton) and Newfoundland! Lubeck, Maine, Mr. Oakes! Near Boston and Salem, Massachusetts, Nuttall! Dr. Greene! Dr. Pickering! New London, Connecticut, Mr. Roland ! Swamps of New e » Dr. Stu uve, ex Nutt. ‘On the high vania, Schweinitz ! and near We: stchester, Mr. ! (the so southern ore iant and corresponding with A. nudiflorus, Nutt.) Sept.—Plant 1-3 feet high eaves numerous, 2-3 i long, early | i av nches n equal in size to the summit of the stem varying from half an inch to more than an inch in width, pinnately veined, "es nay or on Se ane beneath, often entire towards the base ; the teeth sharp an r sometimes o : rym long (often acutish) scales of the involucre a bri ght poda sometimes slightly spa t glab except the margins. Rays numerous, Danes cie stex very s ate slender, bearing two iste e ade at th the summit ; leaves broadly lanceolate, € of the appre -imbri- | Yan 2. p. 115; Nees, Ast. Around lakes rd brin which flow in nto Hu ay, Michaux. La- ic and on | high mo Labrador, Herb. z aa Bs Pash, empiece | x’ orus: Plant from 4 inches to a -sized ; f €» ASTER. COMPOSITE. T the rays pale violet, disk lie een tse d scales of the pasam oblong, acute, nearly equalling t k.—According to Nees, who ex cimen in the Willdeno ovian n herbarium, the 2 stem is — antl i closely imbricated scales of the i long, rather acute.— a in the Schweinitzian herbarium d es a very await state of A. Rad with which it a in its pappus and narrow glabrous achenia; but the more membranaceous scales of h ases are much fewer in number, acute, ind diy equal in length 9. A. m pes geri à rhizoma CE: stems gipo or vil- lous below, tom and mostly corymbose at the summit, leafy; leaves oblong, serrate, SENAN sihin t hairy beneath, sessile; the lowermost some- what spatulate, thë upper lanceolate; scales of the campanulate-hemi- spherical involucre canescently bm nentose, lanceolate, acute, unequal, closely imbricated in 3 or more series, with herbaceous spreading summits; rays pe numerous ; achenia AL ee many-ribbed, sparsely hir- —Richards.! appr. Frankl. ed. 2. p. 32, not of Nutt. As Ricardo Spreng. syst. 3. p. d ‘Nees, Ast. p. 30; Hook.! fi. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 7; DC. prodr. 5. p. 229. A. Sibiricus, Ta ! in herb. Hook. B. giganteus: stem large and stout, more tomentose ; leaves ample, more deeply and MD "e pubescent- ERA ipie h.—A. Richardsonii B. giga nteus, Hook. ! z S a d (e ; li disk.—A. aara nosus ? e lin TRAP 6. p. 124. re IDE Nees! Ast. p. 36; DC.! l.c. A. Sibiricus, Fischer! in Barren ountry from lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea, Richardson! Rock Mountains, rige cd ! Also in Siberia (Herb. Pall. fide Richards. Y herb. Hook.! Tur B8. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Ri ichardso on! " > Moteebus' s Sound, &c. Cha misso ! Capt. Beechey ! ee the tomentose erect ®© 2 veined, either obscurely or conspicuously serrate with pointed t teeth. as large as in A. alpinus: the involucre, in the fally dero A broadly Campanulate rather than E: bendiepherical, at first about the length of the disk, but mostly shorter than the appus; the exterior scales successively shorter and more SEE the i ag with purple summits; ing ther looser 1 and less unequal ; e — more foliaceous and lax or mene ate, xem. or exceeding t fain in : n pigenous Kee us ng, mp obtuse. Pappus copious, reddish-brown when olc nequal, some of the lon es series es slightly thickened atthe summit. Achenia attenuated, strongl striate ly.h n well-m entok ose state, a half wide, rong A. sari parse cig as to pubesc - A. conspicuus ( Lindl.) : stem stout, strict, 2 aes at the ue Se d erect, minutely ^ oii mostly leafle ss and bearing single heads; broadly serrate with ading leaves obl Niels cac tt acute, serrate * teeth, slightly b bent and scabro a us, sessile ; the lower narrowed at the 108 COMPOSITE. ASTER. Yos in nvolucre hemispherical-campanulate, about the length of the disk; - the seal numerous, unequal, gla Vatt ie rulent, lanceolate, with acute herbaceous equation: Spreading tips; rays numerous; achenia linear-oblong, EEUU ines in Hook. jl. Bon -Am. 2. p. 7, & in prodr. Paice € on the Saskatchawan River (about lat. 539), to the Rocky Mountains, Drummond !—A stout showy species, with ample thickish veiby leaves (4-6 inches cad and 1-2 wide, the teeth triangular and mucronate or subulate-pointed), and heads fully as large as those of A. spectabilis, to which it bears considerable memes hs Involucre and peduncles viscid with a minute L0 pah ubes esc Rays „b R a iilis ES ): stem strict, Mit cs rlsndular qute ryn e summit; leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabro sessile, eu the Miror ones oblong, remotely appressed- rei pum eee ae cent and into a short margined petiole ; branches of the corymb usually short go igid, bearing 1-3 heads; in Madame Sw. ^ Xd comme ate, as the scal ry numerous, somewhat equal in length, inearallong and slightly spatulate, go ats pube niles. somew ae ciliate, with conspi- cuous herbaceous squarrose- spreading (rather obtuse) a rays virer (20 or De Ac inim dinem slighil y pubescent.— Ait. Kon = g 3. Es 209; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 554; Nutt. ! gen. p. a Nees, Ast i3 rodr. 5. p. 2 A. grandiflorus, "Wal Car. p. 209. A. elegans, | illd. — 3. o [3 in part, fide Nees. A. — AU. . hort. Hafn. 2. p.8 e DC. B. flow Draghi, or peduncles, die ied slender, mostly si simple, pilose with slender | p as well as glandular-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, entire or scarcely serrate. nches of the corymb few and mostly simple; leaves obovate-oblong, nes. ee Bs Sa Nutt. kt Eo. ES s? Ell.! sk. E Boi ee Leaves 9-4 pec uem hs upper ones un half an inch to an Es in Beo n a firm textu acute or > ohni , mucronulate, sometim securely 3 Bran nches of ‘the cor , es E a few cen ise da or Macs (the uppermost ccce al p= the Coss short and rigid. Heads showy (larger than in A Arctos he les of the involi imbri i * the exterior loose, c ore or less dao a glandular-scabrous (uen similar t o that of Tul branches. Rays very long. tanceclagg Sige. or vio Eod zd Sed style lanceolate-subulate.— We Nut av ret ith no au- of Mr. p ya es coat pu he had a * E A. g is (Nutt.) : stems sever Heer the same often surculose cau- ~ de E An ain slay pakewceut co e at Be summit ; ; leav es somewhat - ; the and o ee eral -SETT reds on alee naked etioles ; cau “oblong, often e e base, slightly at t an te involucre sam onical, as ien ubescent scales imbricated in several se series, 1 Da a © Seely pointed) spreadi = E * AsTER. COMPOSIT. X. 109 sively pos: rays about 12; — me moderately com- pressed, m nutely hairy.— Nuit Prairies of Kentucky & Tesis: Ni all! "Pine e sf dene Jersey! common. Sept.—Caudex usually tuberous, producing run and offsets. glandu bearing 5 to 9 heads in a terminal corymb (the central head almost sessile, - bose the lateral on slender spreading . pes aricate peduncles) ; or with corym 7 he flowering branches, each bearing ads, all but the lateral or external . on very hon sedicelie mad to hikes E s e hes long, Mk coriaceous, opaque, glabrous. € almost exac ke Sericocarpus conyzoides ! and about the same size; the exterior edis subepattate-oblong or linear- oblong, somewhat titiang Es innermost linea us. Hea about. 30-flowered. Rays violet; the ligules exec About the didi of sie involucre. Achenia pa sat aont impressed-st riate, clothed with short sparse irs.— Mr. Nuttall has correctly remarked the alliance of this ant to A. spectabilis on iho one hand (some forms of which it greatly resembles), and to taser conyzoides on the other: it almost connects the a genus with Aste E - A. surculosus (Michx.): stems several from the same surculose caudex, ater simple, minutely _pubese cent above; leaves lanceolate, elongated, acute, glabrous, the ma argin s — entire or with a few slight subulato ng peno teeth ; the lowermost tapering into a somewhat sheathin the upper ones linear, partly sheathing or clasping at the ia a simple corymb (so imes solitary) ; involucre turbinate-hemispherical, g he disk; th les numerous, jual in Jen most lanceolate 2 era uut rays numerous; henia inear, al- most glabrous.—Michz. fl. 1. p. ; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 157; Nees, p.40; DC. < ; Woods, B Burke. Count ty, N. erp Michaux. Margins of open - swamps in e nnessee, N. Carolina! and Virginia, Nuttall. 'ilmington, Ca arolina, | Sept.—Rhi- tall ! ! Mr. Curtis “Southern States, Mr. Croom! : ;the summ it, pedun- = nt but not t glandular. Leaves eod scattered, rigid, opaque lower - obscurely 3-nerved), smooth and shining; the lower 4-6 inches long, lanceolate or sirti os armes ; the cauline successiv e reduced to one or two inches in length, often narrowly lanceolate- -linear ; uppermost confluent with the scales of the involucre. Heads as | e in len what (which we believe to be Michaux’ ra) approac roaches A. spec- “most slender forms considerably resemble the very differ- i _ 10. A. paludosus (Ait. near, entire, acute, int i pa tni with th margins sca reet ofa fringed with b bristly hairs near the base ; jene few, racemose, or terminating the mostly simple axillary and somewhat racemose branches; involucre he- aenal —— = Vom of the disk, mostly bracteolate ;- the scales nu- merous, somewhat leng h, pa vic f — due pemonrh.. 4 spatulate- linear, mucronate, so squarrose ; rays erous; achenia linear-ob- long, nearly glab w. (ed. 1) 3. p. 20 ; Pursh, ue e. 547; Eil. 2. p. 3 Horus, Nutt. ! - 2. p. Linn. i .p.155. Di ye atc eve: Land. ! paludosum, ! prodr. 5. p. 264. SERT a XE ue gi pM is 110 COMPOSITE. ASTER. ine barrens and vil i from North Carolina! to Florida! Lou- igen! and Arkansas! Aug.-Oct.—Stems 1-2 feet high. Leaves coria- e e Heads np (the disk half of an ne in » diameter), Begeni 8 dis- somewhat racemose man short nearly naked ^a deed uses axill on very short abet: forming a kind of spike ; but the lower peduncles, or a often elongated, so as to become corym- bose, or branching and paniculate. Exterior scales of the involucre usually loose ate heacteolate, or Stan into the bracteate = es which byari the head, almost entirely — somewhat ciliate; the innermost with the tips only herbaceous, or sometimes colored. Rays (about 24 ) iy an n inch long, deep blue. Pappus odi rather rigid; the bristles unequal; arger ones gradually thickened upwards so as to appear slightly clara under a lens, but cely more so than in the preceding species. Achenia — or E lightly 4 pubescent when young, somewhat angled and strate, lender, scarcely compressed.—This species is, we believe, confined to the Serion States. Mr. Nuttall’s A. paludosus is dioses bly a form of our A.elodes. What can be ae ex m Northern British America mentioned 3. Dr. Ekini under this nam ? A. Curtisii : apis and NER stem peii "me pe slightly corymbose or racemose at the summit; the bra short bearin aring single or seg de: leaves lanceolate, sessile, —— P! rate, with scabrous or somewhat ciliate margins; the lowermost tapenng y spatulate, unequal, imbricated in about 4 series, coriaceous, with con- LN op uy flincouus squarrose-reflexed summits; achenia narrow, glabrous. ooth . few short spreading ering hives, which bear single or racemose ; the $ed ones on short pedicels. Leaves somewhat membrana- apering to a very acute point, e smooth on both sides, or slight- `- ly seabrous next fhe margins of the u surface or near the apex, pale beneath, with rather prominent ralio iinlets; all but the uppermost conspicuously but somewhat irregularly serrate, the base and apex entire ; the Ee rmost (radical unknown) about 4 inches long and two thirds of an T; . aceous below, appressed; the flisosoas summits (oval or lanceolate, often ; acuto) abruptly squarrose or recurved, sometimes equal in length to the ap- r Ti pappus slender, rather soft, the inner series very obscurely thickened up- ave but two specimens of this apparently € species, - collected We: believe in different localities, neither of which are so perfect "à could ot division Perhaps it belongs to the Grandiflori, bal i; iine to $3. Basler of the involucre imbricated in various degrees, with herbaceous or cs tips, or the exterior entirely herbaceous: receptacle alveolate: rays numerous: appendages of the style lanceolate: bristles of the pappus sii (soft) and nearly uniform, none of them thickened at de me achenia compressed.—AsTER proper. * ASTER. COMPOSITE. 111 * Heads (large) corymbose or racemose; scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, rigid, with herbaceous or foliaceous summits, somewhat squarrose or phai ng; the innermost usually membranaceous : achenia broad, compressed, pubescent or hairy —Amell 12. A. integrifolius (Nutt.): stem simple, villous-pubescent, the n iny; the radical and lowest cauline tapering into a mar- gined Mid. Me glabrous; the others clasping, somewhat pubescent or poni heads few (3-5); scales of the involucre loosely EN in , lanceolate, acute, glandular, herbaceous, somewhat u achenia pa each silky-hirsute.—JVutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 7a 21 the pie e s eros and viscid ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acut . entire, l-n y Mountains in lat. 42°, growing at a lower elevation than A. andi- nus or A. ex Nuttall !—Plant 6-12 inches high, stout. Heads nearly the size of A. = to w ps spectes more closely approaches than to or other. Le rather coria with a stro ng midrib (not tripli- nerved); the Cue ride reticulated veinlets | cube onspicuous on bot surfaces of the older leaves; the cal 3-5 inches dem , including the peti- ole. Exterior scales of the in he oe =e y os by eet Te herbaceous, the margins not membranaceous: the innermost narr branaceous at the base. Rays “ bluish-purple, 15-95" Nutt.) Rage Jie: Pappus of unequal slightly rigid strongly scabrous bristles. Appendages of the =. Pu m hirsute glabrous: the u most Mnobolnte dilated at the b often acute; ped dol simple, nearly kod: tom bescent e involucre linear or oblong-linear, acute, pubescent, ratha equal, » E can hae ie a somew ee — sum —Lindl. ! si. Radi form appearance on both sides, often nearly linear; the lateral nerves some- what reticulated. Heads iere about as large as in A. Ame Hus. Achenia hairy, compressed. 14. a usce stems n ascending; thè aa linear — > ^ siena: or so mbose ; radical and lower leave ng-lin wly ccs pieta entire, wake * iate-scabrous ns tine 1 linear-lanceolate, partly clasping; scales of vege = mi closely im erous, mbricated, anogodd: nearly gla oblong, obtuse, the innermost acute; achenia minutely puo 3 Liu fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 8, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 - denudatus : elit oe strongly ci o ; the ees and low- ermost somewhat fringed towards the base; the € ll.—A. denuda- tus, Nutt. ! in trans. Am soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 292 er. phil. s Y. ciliatifolius : stem not denuded and scapiform, pu ubescent above ; leaves more proportionate, distinctly i ig? of the involucre ciliate, some- vera m - wis > * smaller than in A. Amellus. Leaves rigid, the lowermost 2-4 ane veined when old, tapering into a margined petiole, which is — x A 112 : COMPOSITA. ASTER. rather strongly ciliate in var. 8. ; the margins frequently somewhat undulate or saeua a Involucre equalling or rather shorter than the disk, compose scales ute ues coely meo gees in several series, rather rigid, alteri. uda Te exterior shorter, almost wholly herbeca the inner with more acute sli ightly ieeting Nic bio us summits. ‘* Rays rose- m S smaller and anrai AY. ig sn As el uae. description of t ach is 15. A. — i (Ne) stem racemose- pointe ors airy above in lines; the hea at corymbose ose at the summit of the branches ; leaves "anecolate acute, alee clasping, scabrous on both sides; t e peduncles small, oblong, UE scales of the broadly obere involutie closely i itmbritated, oblong, with obtuse spatu- late herbaceous summits; achenia pubese ccenthirste ‘when young. Nees, ; DC. pn 45. A. Radula, Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 125. B. om scarcely oe except near the margins of the upper surface the cauline manoal towards the base, partly clasping.—A. spect rabilis Hi Arn. ! bot siie a p. 146. Cali ornia, near B. Monterey, California, Capt. Bee desit rently. m A. Amellus; the Mebopcet tips of the involucral scales are loose of somewhat ARA sa slight membranaceous margin, eee cili- e innermost about the length of the disk, rather k = en ; th acute. oun Schon a compressed, clothed with a somewhat silky pu- bescence. * * Heads (large) subglobose, = the leafy branches : scales of the involucre (rather few aud large), som „į or 4 series, folia- ceous, except the base, and riy sinita to te onal) ED a ion usualy silky, sessile and entire mucronate leaves, both sides of which are — in appear- ance: achenia glabrous, angled or compressed, many ribbed.—Seri | (Vent.) : stems slender, numerous from the same root, hed; leaves silvery-canescent on both sides with a silk pubescence, lanceolate = e eg ng, closely sessile, mu- urely 3-nerved ; heads mostl tary terminating the short o the eav silve , Squartose-apreading. the coriaceous base ap died achenia many- sive abrous.— Ve m re nt. hort dein t. 33; Pursh! fl. Ss 548; Nutt./ Dm dg 155; eve Ast. p.51; DC! prodr. 5. p. 233. A. argenteus, 4 2. B. leav: pne of the involucre rather narrowly lanceolate, less sil- er SEa montanus, Nutt. / gen. l.c. «ranes and dr ks of rive vers, nearly c confined to the valley of the ppi and its tributaries: Arkansas! Mississippi! Missouri! Illinois? tow N, uN. W. Territory t Trine nd N. Carolina near the moun- lade a P (var. 8.) Schweinitz! Aug.-Oct.—Plant 10-20 inches high Ct. e shrubby at the base b eoe in Europe), very cues the dense nacly silv ari-cabescuat leaves laf a2 er bigs E a ASTER. COMPOSITAE. 113 crowded on the branches; the radical ones sp ames s — about 3 inches longillistincily 3-nerved. Heads showy, but variable Rays 20-25, half an inch or more in ape deep acu are pases eg compressed when mature. Pappus tawny, equal. 17. A. phyllolepis : stems slender, loosely perdere leaves erect, lanceo- late, closely M CUR mucronulate, somewhat hairy or canescent when young; iry thine of the branches crowded, ovate-lanceolate acuminate-cuspidate, ap- pressed, ciliate w oa long spreading hairs; heads mostly solitary terminating l loosel the branchlets ; scales of the involucre ‘similar e the upper leaves, i pt u S, PD ously Exerc eie cronate, nearly eti in len th; achenia linear, angled, striate or ribbed, glabrous.—A, sericeus B. microphyllus, DC. l. c.? 1 D » SET.) hairy branches. Lea riaceous, pale, scabrous, somewhat 3-nerved, obscurely tetiendaced. “pada ees in size from an inch or more to 4-5 or 6 lines in length; the upper ones more crowded, d wat reticulated, d conspicuously ciliate with lon Miieslld. hire which are, however, so what deciduous. Scales of the hemispherical involucre oval or is or the th E. ermost lanceolate, few, as long as d s Heads as lar: nthe ` Apn HIES preceding, or sometimes smaller. Rays about 25, siongawa. purples da nia scarcely compressed. Pappus nearly equi d reddish-bro * * + Heads (middle-sized) racemose ; scales of the turbinate or obovoid involucre im- — in several series, rather rigid, silky, the exterior successively shorter, all with short herbaceous tips: corolla of the disk as eey as the (12-15) rays purple or violet : achenia silky-villous: leaves small, lanceolate or oblong, entire, closely sessile, pale, when young canescent, = tha same color and si both sides—Concolores. or sometimes nearly Ap when ol ges upper on s acumina ves appressed; heads in a simple or compound v vir i raceme ; eon aa le, | a —Linn.! spec. (ed. 2) 2. ; Wal 9; (AP 111; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2029; Pursh! fl. 2. p- 443; "Nalt ! gen 2. p. 15; Ell.! sk.9. p. 350; Nees, Ast. p. 115; DC.? prodr. 5. p. 243. oe caule simplicissimo, &c. Gronov.! fl. Virg. ‘ed. 9. p. 123. AL folis lanceolatis sessilibus alternis, &c. Gronov. ! L. c. p. 125. i Dry rins soils, and in pine barrens, New Jersey ! to Florida! and Louis- iana! Aug.-Nov.—Plant 1-3 feet high, = Del EM the habit of a Lia- tris, sometimes with a tuberous root, often. simple or branched ey towards = base, and bearing the heads in a long e m raceme, on short (erect or urved) peduncles, which are furnished with Ns "broctliko sees fequenty pestis above and bearing several s es solitary hea; Leaver 1-3 nerved, often aie reticulated, fiber rigid, grayish; S lower about an v long, and partly rene: upper Successively reduced in size, oval o anceolate, mucronate O app ish. 19. - veces e — as well as the stem, canescent with a scabrou 7 Dres 114 COMPOSIT E. ASTER. base; the lowermost oblong-spatulate ; the upper wince ee all strong- rved. bra ly 1-ne Peduncles or branches several, simple, or sometimes forked, ee “ton mature E achénie canescent. Pappus rusty.—We have only seen the single specimen in Sir ooker’s fere. we doubt if it Pei so nearly allied to A. concolor as is is supposed. * + * * Heads (middle-sized, large for the size of the leaves) solitary terminating the numerous diffuse branchlets s: scales of the obovoid-turbinate involucre closely im- bricated in several series (the exterior successi ively "gend coriaceous, spatulate-linear, with short herbaceous slightly squarrose or spreading tips: achenia short, turbinate, minutely canescent : leaves crowded throu, chout the md stem and branches, very short and uniform (except the very lowest), thick, hispid-scabrous, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, either appressed or squarrose-reflexed. Pructiyphytii 20. A. squarrosus (Walt.) : md minutely hispid, diffusely branched; d inse Short, somewhat paniculate or racemose ; leaves mea? e or oblong, mucronulate, squarese reflexed.— Walt.! Car. 5 9; ffl. 1. p. 112; Willd.! spec p b e Pur, JE 1. STI El / sk. 2. p. 530; Nees, Ast, g: 115; De. f soi ! 2. &5 `~ pad ns. ameter; the scales he es lent, coriaceous ra viste: except oval mucronulate < peered foliaceous tips. Rays. ei iocis Lae large showy, bright blue. Pappus brownish when utt.) : paesi, hispid-scabrous oy ascending . A. adn (N stems and branches virgate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 1 ne e to s than in A. sq ry lowest, which are about rse of an inch long, ahd nearly or quite free. Rays ‘pale lilac’ (Nutt.), or rather violet-blue. . od 0 0* * * * 5 Heads (rather € mostly solitary terminating the spreadi ng bra ae : scales of the olovoid-turbinate or somewhat campanulate involucre closely imbricated Ma Eu i daring Ii aem, entire, pubescent or scabrous ; those f the branchlets very small. — Paten . 82. A. patens. (Ait.) : stem pubescent ; niculate at the summit ;. leaves ovate-oblong or obl t ri | i blong-lanceolate, pu! or scabrous, with ciliate and Ned rera aes undulate or almost tain m r n d middle, ee and clasping ; those of the spread- inr or d ping slender branchlets ts very small; heads mostly solitary on the branchlets; scales of the involucre lanceolate, scabrous-puberulent ; Aster. COMPOSITE. 115 achenia silky fena Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 201; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 551; Nees, Ast. p. 49 (excl. syn. Michz.) ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. p. 463 ; Ppc. ! prodr. 9. p. 232. A. miene Linn. ! spec. ed. 2. p. 1928, & herb. (not of hort: Chff.!); Ell.! sk. 2. p. 361. A. amplexicaulis, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 114; £ 3 B. gracilis : heads ME. terminating the very numerous and elongated bran ^ ose very small, rigid, scabrous.—Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1 Piualeshesbnds: = large, Berat: xe ete ic^ branchlets; the Milos of the more turbinate involuc e very numerous and more closely i im- bricated (in 5—6 series), somewhat TUE py pares broader and more obtuse; leaves -— hirsute-scabrous.—A. pone Lindl. ! in DC. l. c. A. Amott tii, Nees! in herb. Arn. & her phlogifolius : i imple or paniculate = the summit; the heads (ara) solitary, or frequently several and somewh ite go on the short e more lax and he neater abel in series) ; cem much larger, mbranaceous, pubescent be cont scarcel at all scabrous, Bi noeolate or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, Garda contracted belo ? the middle.— Nees, Ast. l. e. (excl. syn. Michz.); Darlingt.! fl. Cest. lec. A. peat Mull. ! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2034 ; Pursh! ft i p. "io: Nuit.! gen. 2. p. 156; DC.! l. c. A. auritus, Lindl. i E Dry soil, a cheat i: Florida ! and Louisiana! ia M abama, Dr. Gates ! Louisiana and Texas, Drummond! y. Kentucky! and Missouri! to est exterior shorter and -more hes Pappus ferruginous or tawny.—The scales of the involucre in var. y. are more numerous and imbricated ; and in the plant of Drummond fro mA Louis (A. Arnottii, Nees. ined.) they are ore nd siitriabiy appressed : other specimens of this indl. in her ? i y A: S strongly disposed to consider it a distinct spe- ies; but are now convinced le the examination of numerous intermediate frins, that it is a state which the plant assumes in shady moist places. . cS 3.5 © Beads e showy) paniculate or somewhat racemose; scales of the turbinate or volucre closely and regularly imbricated in several series (the exterior Mike deat, ds chartaceous and white (except the midnerve), with very short appressed or slightly spreading green tips: rays bright blue: achenia very smooth and glabrous (or sometimes minuteli pubescent with sparse hairs), broadish, compressed, 2-5-ribbed or nerved: plant perfectly smooth and glabrous (except the branchlets and the scabrous margins ch the ses) ar glaucous: cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong-ovate, thickish, sessile or clasping, entire or sparingly serrate ; the radical ovate or oblong (small), tapering into a short and ——— petiole —Concinni, Nees, (excl. spec.) 116 = COMPOSITE. Aster. d 23. A. levis (Linn.): very smooth, often glaucous; stem loosely panicu- late or somewhat pest coser at the summit; leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceo- late, or oblong, aceous, very smooth, with scabrous margins, entire or spari margined petiole; the upper fey aed and mostly so nim auriculate or cordate at the base ; ; those of the branches very small; scales of the obovoid involucre closely imbricated, one sed, rigid, aite or broadly linear, with short abruptly acute or acuminate herbaceous tips; — — u . p. 87 Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 206; Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1500; p; A ! fl. Cest. p.468. A. € up agent mutabilis, ropa, rubricaulis, & cyaneus, Nees, Ast. p. 1 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 245 & 246. A. rubricaulis, Lam. . dict. 1. p. i. se prata Ml ! in Spec spec. 3. p. 2046. A Soe ages niana suppl. 1 B. more glaucous; upper le eaves condat-elasping hors A, cyanea or E a : pend = a voluc cyaneu Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p. 71, t. B. PE ap e "f. 2 . p. 5 iacens l. c.i Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1495. i nee & A. politus, Nees, codes p.93. A. E d Hort. Monsp. - leaves Aroi aem lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.—A. levigatus, Willd. ips 3. p. 2 orders oF woodlands and thickets, Canada! to Georgia! Missouri! and eki n! common. Aug.-Oct.—A beautiful species, readily recog- nized {notwithstanding some diversities in the. roa and the size of the — oyi its polished “and set r less glaucous stem ed leaves tthe former 2-3 feet high, often purple); the somewhat coriaceous regularly imbricated and und scales of the Ehe which ar are white (slightly uae with siz on. ec make nothi the characters derived by Nees n the alveoli of the re- ceptacle, ze ds di naked, ciliolate, or siu . The radical leaves are ovate, oval, or spatulate-oblon ng, serrate, siege petioles which are re usually iliate a : e , or numerous; the leaves gradually reduced to short lanceolate ‘bracts. UE ci iie (Ell.) : T smooth; stem strict; the: branches few and virgate, racemose at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate entire, with sca- Ens or ciliolate-serrulate : partly clasping; those of dio pisie merous, "ote ct, subulate-acuminate ; dic lowermost tapet- ing at the base; the radical M poter dii mia of the somewhat hemi- 1erical involucre lanceolate, acumina rior loose or slightly squat- rose-spreading ; scene paon. — Ell. 1 T 353. B. stem stout; the vi pound; ; heads - diu lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolat ms s r, often simple; cauline leaves elongated linear-lanceolate, ince strongly atilsio scale .—A. attenuatus, Lindl. ! in Hook. compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97. Western — of Georgia, Elliott! 8. Georgia, Dr. Boykin! y. Jack- W pe COMPOSITE. 117 — Louisiana, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! Sept.- Oct.—Resembles ocanidenibi the narrow leaved forvos of A. levis; but is sort amm my by the virgate bran rc a racemose ——— the — t m es acute or acuminate. Lower leaves 3 to 5 or 6 inches long, 3 to 4 (or in f. 5-10) lines wd shining above, coriaceous. The plant of Elliott is inter- mediate between our specimens from oykin (which has shorter a broader erol leaves, the lower occasionally serrulate) and those of A. attenuatus, Lindl. Drummond’s specimens are rem — — et about 2 feet high. In those from Dr. Hale, the ma of the leav still more e strongly serrulate-scabrous, or the upper pe. even minutely diu hispid, and the heads are more obconical. Rays apparently deep blue. 25. A. [rum (Willd.): stem — glabrous, somewhat corymbose, < i-i nches virgate, dichotomous-paniculate; leaves lanceolate, artly c end remotely and sha aros. serrate, with sca abrous mar. those of the branchlets oblong, entire; scales of the volums linear, acute, gra oin ted. Nees.— Willd. enum. 2. p. die ps ces, “Git [y j rm ot. reg. t. 1619; DC. prodr. 5. p. 245 (excl. syn. Colla, hort. £& Hook. -Am 3? A. Keta s? Ell! s : ar srg strict and racemose, with omar a more » numerous haven. "Nee North rie bee Willdenow. (ln fields and woods, New York & Penn- he Pursh.) N. Carolina, meinem (in herb. as hes p ead! (in herb. acad. Philad.) Saskatchawan, Dru «orar an t an imate bpe n) appears to be the same as the cultivated A. concin- nus: the upper cauline leaves are linear-lanceolate, and those of the numer- ous vine branc ae narrowly linear; the heads rather smaller than in most forms of A. levis; and the young achenia € — puberulent. p apante; but in its [o eid B., Nees ; and the eaves of c» reine ers rather slen- der and narrowly linear. The rays are blue, and ua flowers of the disk change to purple.— We know not from vemm source the original A. concin- nus was derived. Willdenow compares the leaves with those of Phlox maculata; and the stem is said to be one bed a half to two feet high. urbinellus d: ndl.) : stem and slender paniculate ranches s ree eni puberulent-scabrous; leaves" lanceolate, smooth, entire, with cili- olate-scabrous margins, tapering to each end, Acide. slightly clasping; those of the filiform ginem ec subulate ; in involucre clavate-turbinate, as long as the ; the scales imbricated in numerous series, linear, obtuse, recul herbaceous mel: at the tips; achenia minutely pu berulent-scabrous (und: ).—Lindl.) in Hook. compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, & in DC. posed , Missouri, Drummond! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth !—Stem apparently 5 2-3 feet highs hek very much branched in a co panicu- late manner; the branchlets Sova numerous, € very sle racemose or Sightly paniculate, terminat: middle-sized heads. Deed leaves about or nches long, rather opaque, pale, sparingly reticulate-veined, or ob- l xA ES ed, tapering to point, the margin upwardly almost 118 COMPOSITE. ASTER. serrulate-scabrous; those of the branches and branchlets gadur) reduced to subulate bracts resembling the exterior scales of the involucre. Rays Disk about we n e e f the involucre.—4À very distinct species, remarkable for its exactly cS involucre (5-6 lines long), which is very acute at the base, owin to the short exterior scales: these are coriaceous and white, with very short greenish tips. ept ete + Heads ERES or small) paniculate « or racemose : scales of the obovoid or campanulate involucre imbricated in several series (the exterior successively shorter), commonly appressed, ae ei or somewhat membranaceous, with short green tips: achenia i deine or r slightly pubescent : c and lowest cauline ere" (large) cordate, with el f. 3 the upper often pet Heterophylli, Nees. t Leaves entire, undulate, or slightly serrate: heads loosely paniculate or race- mose: rays usually bright blue or violet. . A. azureus (Lindl.): stem somewhat scabrous, racemose-compound at de summit; the branches slender and rigid ; leaves scabrous ; the radical and lo cauline ovate-lanceolate = Sekt long, cordate, somewhat serrate, on lon ked gined) often hairy petioles; the others lan- late or linear, gun at eos end, kie mostly entire; those t "Osee Ber branches subulate, mostly very numerous and appressed; in- voluere broadly CM. Sei the length of the disk; the scales closely imbricated, narrowly-oblong or linear, "aie acute ; vig epe T very sli htly and sparsely ah "eeu dl. ! in Hook. compan p. 98, jo RC Y y 5. p. 2 A. Didien, del! d = rth! ri, nd Makato ae p buy of St. Peter xc Mr. Nicoll let! t io Ohio, Dr. Riddell! Dr. t Dr, Van Cleve! and Fort ean Michigan, Dr. for Also dere rum aring as > rubricaulis and A. multi floras,” Lindl., who described from imperfect ae! cimens, wanting the lower leaves), manifestly connecting this group hc: the foregoing, wi with which it ens rte ga in its involuc re &c., remarka e ; lowe those of uced to short subulate inflorescence y consists of a few racemose rigid (although slender) branches, some" what te at the summit of the stem specimens ine Dr. Leavenworth, the stem is mu c - nd, gid : nches often more than a = in length ; a aoe ese, : 28. A. ; Shori (i (H ak xm See nearly glabrous, racemose-pant ^ late at the summit ; oh at deni atu: Mose, autel pubescent be pt vue duci ci tapering to a sharp point ; the radical and eauline ones s all more or less cordate and on naked (some a ASTER. COMEQSIT E. 119 what hairy) petioles, entire or aliy serrate, e veins loosely reticulated beneath ; those of the us eese pu re and sessile ; heads numerous ies rather crowded; involucre idein e, shorter than the disk; the scales closely bagaid, lanccolate incar m o tuse; ache- nia t glabrous ——Hook. ! (§ Lindl. !) fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9 (note); Riddell! c nops Cliffs and banks of streams, throughout gebe Dr. Short! Sc. an hio o, Dr. Riddell! Mr. Sullivant! Dr. ck! &e. Mountaiiia "4 “f reorgia, Mr. Buckley! Arkansas, Nuttall ! d v" feels —A — Lp cies (deservedly dedicated to the well-known botanist who has eatly contributed to our knowledge of the plants of the Western States), 2 to 4 feet high, remarkable for its lanceolate-cordate, petioled, often slightly falcate, ather m ch v. 3 to 5 inches in len os e and somewhat shining above, pale and puberulent Abe babes ks if at all scabrous) benedi: the lower ones often serrate or too ards the base; those of the branches ig or oblong, of the ultimate ch or peduncles minute and subulate. Heads showy (usually larger than in A. undulatus), racemose at bea nudi of the stem or on the € Ru often forming a thyrsu Scales of the €: _ appressed, minutely org c disc ii: oblo ong green tips. Rays violet- os, lanceolate : disk = w, changing to purple. Pappus eder i or tawny. - A. undulatus (Linn., Ait.): pale with a close and cinereous often Pci pakeken ; stem paniculate or S at the summit ; leaves ovate or ovate-lan gen somewhat tomentose-pubescent benea scabrous above, acute, w uan s Re ten undulate or "s eue e E oles, w Tuptly contracted into a short broadly winged clasping petiolo: thi upper- most cordate-clasping ; those of ibo branchlets lanceolate or subulate; invo- luere obovoid, nearly the length of the disk ; the scales linear, mostly acute, pubescent, closely imbricated; achenia s slightly pubescent, or at length gla- pua if. p. 8 inn. hort. Cli 408, & spec. (ed AE p 751 (not of ed. TH Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 206; “Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p faa ursh, 51; Nees, Ast. p. 57; Darlingt.! ES Cest. p. 464. a nein. Miche. ! 113; Ell.! sk. igel.! ft. Bost. r : P- 312; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 234. A. nea. Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 166, =, of Ait. A. sagittifolius & A. scaber, Ell./ l. c. > patens, Bart. ompe J ast. p.557. AK. A 113. A. heterophyllus y. Nees, p.55? A anteni is & A. heteromallus, Wender. ? ex Nees vary in e, from 3 or 4 c asi in shape from broadly ovate to oe l «e late, the radical often the primordial roundish; and in emg sometimes minutely m end = se eae on both gidip, id. Te quently scabrous beneath as well as -Stem strict ; panicle simple the Beds rather larger; cauline leaves elongated oblong or lan Dry woodlands, duy ee the United Stat B. Kentucky, Dr. ! Se t.-Oct.—Ster 1-3 feet high, often Heong ; the orar be iel rather rigid, with very small (often subulate) leaves. Radi | ike the upper, mere and lower leaves rem y cre or serrate, or, l erely un- dulat middle-sized, loosely disposed on the in a some- What racemose manner, often unilateral, all Seema or rad somewhat cedi Scales of the involucre nearly membranaceous, wi gue or what lanceolate green tips, acute or pss ciliate: esi pale vio- lobis : disk omm turning purple. Pappus ee UT y or brown- ish.—'That the var. 3. is merely a peculiar state of this be = na connecting Me ahh The original A. undulatus (Linn. hort | Cli quf.) ) not A. patens, but we believe belongs to this species, K: P d 120 COMPOSITE. ASTER. case retain the name, as it is employed i in the Hu Row where the two species are first distinguished, anterior to Michau 30. A. asperulus : somewhat scabrous-pubescent; stem simple, racemose- putos at the summit; leaves s xg ad and slightly serrate ; re radical ane ate, obtuse, mostly subcordate, on slender naked or margined peti- ; the cauline oblong or spatu «e we at the base, or the pst west on pene petioles, not dilated at the insertion, those of the ade minute, scattered; heads (small) loosely paniculate; scales of the what he spherical involucre o oblong, san closely imbricated, Epoke we the disk ; achenia very minutely pubesc New Orleans, poA way r dori Mec a '— Plant 1-2 feet high, pale with a close somewhat scabrous pubescence. Radical and lowest cauline leaves obtuse or slightly cordate at the fiis on slender petioles; the others sessile, 1 to 3 inches long, mostly acute, somewhat ser rrate ivit the apex, dilated at the Heads nearly as large as in A. undulatus; the scales of the involucre isa pir pubescent, appressed, with rhomboid green tips. Rays blue or purple? t + Lower leaves conspicuously serrate: heads usually small, racemose or some- w yrsoid: rays commonly pale blue 31. A. cordifolius (Linn.) : stem often flexuous below, racemose-panicu- late at the summit; leaves glabrous, or often hairy beneath and slightly scabrous above; the mdi al and lower cauline cordate, SR dec aeo mo on slender naked or margined and ciliate poe ; the ovate or la upset sessile or with short margined petioles, dien ie erous or som mde dtm H Ait. heterophyllus, Wi lid. enum. 2+ p. 882. A. cordiiolius, stop & pa- niculatus he Nees, Ai ra 52 & 55; Lindl.! in herb. DC. Hook., & herb. Torr. ; odr. - 233. A. pubescens, Hornem. hort. Hafn. = L . 98, fide Ns A latifolius autumnalis, Cornut. Canad. p. 64, (Varies, with the stem glabrous, or A ubescent in lines above, or see Greg ; the leaves broadly or narrowly ovate, either glabrous t, somewhat scabrous — or hairy beneath; the branches of red. argined inches long; those of the sx toed small and frequently entire, reduced on on the al timate branchlets or peduncles to subulate bracts- Heads small, usu usually = rather short spread- ing or divaricate branches; the distinct ide. also spreading. Scales of the involucre whitish, with green rather ne tips, often purple at the apex, reas are smaller than in an f the : involucre " Hal »y pre voce the appressed involu ea in A. Shortii (except t that it is much small e and ds ps. scales are pped A MN ) ts. We meet, however, with occasional speci- from the Weste which, in their rather looser Sedan scales ASTER. 2 COMPOSITE. 121 more up n poche Perhaps the A. paniculatus, Ait. was founded upon a plant of this kind. The A. eis quet * the Northern and Middle States is a very uniform and well-marked s spog 32. A. sagittifolius (Willd.): stem Riet, A racemose-compound bove; the branches ascending, rigid; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat liai piboscén t or nearly glabrous, serrate, aftenuide deme the ra- narrowly margined emp the others narrowed into a winged petiole ; the uppermost lanceolate or nearly rege — oe each end, sessile, often entire; heads numerous, in strict and den und racemes, on short peduncles; scales of the csiuaatcaee Neri ti Haand ur pressed at the base, rather loose above; achenia glabroug.— Wi rus spec. 3. p. 2035? tc ib p 56? (Lindl.! in ae HD nee Bor.- Am. 2. p. 9; DC. l.c.? dq of Ell.) Ap pane Muhl. ! herb. Lit least in part); Ell. sk. 2. p. 365; Da rlingt. ! Leo t. p. 464; not of Ni nor of Nees, $c. A. urophyllus, Lindl. in D -7 B. heads less crowded on the rigid br d ; sis of the involucre lan- ceolate-subulate, or lanceolate with acute or acuminate tips; cauline leaves Varying from ovate to ovate-lanceolate) often iua us Eee a (Varies, with the leaves, as well as the upper part of the glabrous, or scabrous-pubescent, or with the lower X does pie: tomentose.) Woodlands and low rich soil, eren — uron, Dr. Todd! and Montreal, Mr. Cleghorn ! ik herb. Hook.) and on St. Peter’s River, Mr. Nicollet! Western New York, Dr. Seu well ! ui Pennsylvania! t to Georgia! and Missouri! 9. Western States, from Ohio! and India o Wisconsin! e sx Seely River! Aug.—Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet hi fake iind above ; ose (pubescent) E ni rather erect. Leaves itty ciliate jew radical on ore or less cordate, or cordate-sagittate at haps be safe to retain the name, which. e not inappro ill per Spe ied ga the e radical leaves. It passes pest y gelo our t os B- 3 p rger and more sc ds, a E B x Y presents a eal r scales, which, 1 ever, always Shave slender polled diii ce ; and amg pom are sometimes E blue: they are, as it were, intermediate between A. EE A. co. us, and A. undulatus; but probably do not pass into the two latt 33. A. 1.) : st d lower surface of — leaves can- Drummondii (Lindl.) : stem an dag above, on margined petioles; the uppermost ovate-lan Strict and mostl lanceola sessile ; yy dense doyreid tac racemes paniculate at the summit of "e VOL. IL-l pe yon om _ crowded and few-leaved; ER S COMPOSITA. poe stem ; vn of the etd subulate-linear; achenia minutely preme: —Lindl.! n Hook. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 934. is Missouri an also Te exas, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, ee ale !—Plant intermediate in its characters between A. undulatus, cordifoliue d se Luigi resembling some states of the former in its pube ege the second somewhat in its petioled i mostly p pueda leaves, an e latte bin ni cence; but apparently dis- nct from either. Stem strict, and rather stout, eS tly 1 to 3 feet high, ss old less canescent and more scabro Leaves serrate with appressed teeth, appearing somewhat crenate, valve m hanced the ue er ones 2 to 4 inches long, on narrowly margined petioles 1-3 inches in leng eads as large as in fo preceding, often med eiea nd glome aai or crowded on T ps ee: Involucre pubence Rays s blue ; the disk turning purple. i endise the t o following speri ies (known to us only by the resemblance to this and the preceding spec - A. urophyllus ER — racemose- ates the branches thyr- sid; leaves iccirco much sey lcm sharply crenate-serrate, scabrous e, the wa surface hairy ; scales of the imbricated in- voluere subulate, Lindi. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 3. Louisiana.—Species near A. hirtellus. Rays white, longer than the Aee; the disk purple. Lindl.—Is it not A. sagittifolius, without the ii dical leaves ? No information is given — the source from which the specimens of this and the following were derived. 35. A. hirtellus (Lindl. ): stem racemose- Legem the racemose branches vate ate-serrate in the middle, very pron above, the adis surface iae $ aia i loosely imbricsiede p. 233. Lindl. in 3 C. prodr 5. EE erhaps lilac-color; the disk purple. Lindl.— have from Western Gas (collect avenw Re perfect specimens, which ma ips be referred to this species, if ind mer not rather a more glabrous and attenuated state rummondii, ate racemes: the tall and slender stem is nearly glabrous; » more ess cordate, on distinct margined petioles, strigose- scabrous above, pubescent beneath. 36. A. Lindleyanus: stem stout, glabrous, or pubescent in lines, corym- bose-paniculate above ; leaves (thickish) mostly sm mooth and gla brous, ovate, sharply and unequally serrate ; the radical and lowest cauline usually some- what cordate, on broadly d petioles ; ; the uppermost oblong lanceo- late, narrowed at the base, sessile; heads loosely-paniculate or somewhat corym ; scales of the deis linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat un- equal, r: loosely imbricated ; 1:52 > 2 gayle almost PT —A. ) Hoo : at deciduous Pe, I more Seni leaves Spir ae radical and lower Bor.- Am. 2. t 9, S orat W d petiole.—A. precox, Lindl.! in Hook. f anid? and on the Red or Assiniboin River, Doug- las! to Slave | Lake, Richardson! 8. Rocky Mountains (probably about lat. E ! y. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Richard- son ! AEI to 4 feet high, when perrin in low fertile soils on the er, according to Douglas (in herb. Hook.) ; the Ac Mu inches h. Leaves thickish or somewhat fles. y acute or acuminate, serrate with small and ian ASTER. COMPOSIT 2. : 193 often truncate at the bids, on rather long margined or semi e part Ü sheath ing petioles, which when young are usually ciliate with soft ,b wards naked: upper cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, ie or acuminate at each end. lower branches erect, often nearly simple, and corymbose at the summit, leafy € * the divisions. Heads arger than in A. cx eem or sagittifolius : rays about 20, blue or violet; the disk chang- ing to purple. Scales of the inv Since rather few, with slen der linear-lan- ceolate | green tips—To this apparently well-m hae and exclusively northern species also refer the specimens of which are cited under A. sagittis in Hooker’s Flora; ‘ibe: ‘like. others from Saskatcha- wan, are larger than = Aretie plant, and with more numerous € rather smaller heads, but there is no other difference. Tá the latter, even the radi- cal leaves are but slightly cordate or truncate at the base, and some of them — — into the petiole; so that we find no adequate e distinction be- tween them and the A. przcox, Lindl. in Hook., which was collected in the same region. 37. A. oe RA stem simple (6-8 inches high); leaves all ovate, sharply s the middle, ciliate, abruptly n rrowed into a [ma irinè] padole, a Ae the margins; heads apti sessile or on Short pedicels, p nos ; scales of the mor erect, with mem- ion s tips. Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9, & in DC. prodr. » 235. lave Lake, Richardson !—Dr. Lindley has remarked the close resem- blance of this plant to his A. precox on A. cem pad y- ) of which we greatly fear it is only a depauperate state. The heads maller, and in h See bee 8 nos 7 ) ela scales of the cam- panulate or hemispherical involucre closely nirindei in sna series, rigid, more or less unequal; the coriaceous whitish base appressed, with abrupt mostly squarrose or ces herbaceous tips: achenia minutely pubescent : rays (10-25) white or pale stems much branched or fue: : cauline leaves rigid, sessile, linear, lanceolate, or vedete entire; the radical and lowermost oblanceolate or spatulate, sometimes serrate.—Ericoidei. t Leaves tapering to each end, or narrowed at the base: scales of the involucre broadest at the base, with subulate or acute green tips. 38. A. ericoides (Linn.) : glabrous or vemm hairy, racemose-compound ; Es simple branchlets or pe on cles rac nd mostly unilateral on the ite spreadin radical and lowest Lam ; Lindl. / » herb. Hook. herb Torr.; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 2 florus, Miche. ! f. 9. p. = Willd. enum enum. 2. p. 880, in part (cis including Specimens of A. coridifolius & A. tenuifolius, fide Nees). A. tenuifolius, — * mU * c» 194 COMPOSITE. ~" ASTER. Willd. spec. 3. p. 2026 (excl. syn.) ; Nutt: ! gen. 2. p. 155; — ! ft. Cest. .467. A. tenuifolius, & £. ericoides, is Se La d "- “ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. t. A, f. 2”; Willd. e wn erb., Nees ; not of Linn. A. ramosissimus, A. T s A. mee ort. Par. ide DC. B. villosus: stem and matr and usually the dtd. tap ee —: A. villosus, croi fl. 2. p. 113. A. pilosus, Willd. ! 3. p. 2025; Nees. Ast. p. 109. A. glabellus, Lindl. ! in Hook. E ee bot. mag. 1. z y- pla typhyllus: stem and ig A shorter branches densely villous; auline leaves pubescent-hirsu lanceolate ; = lower ones oblong- spatulato; those of the ee only subulate-linea soil, Canada and nearly throughout the United boy 8. North ires! and Ohio! to Missouri! y. N. Carolina, Schweinitz! Mr. Curtis! Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Aug een 1-3 feet high, aim based from the base, bushy; the slender Sa, ed branches, and the erect secund branchlets or peduncles, ri ves numerous, but not very crowded, er. cr terior scales similar to the subulate leaves of the branchlets, and like them cuspidate with a short bristle, citt rather short and appressed, when the ctr appears sl ihn eem „Or almost as long as the innermost, phe nd & J Tests ceo hm dilated margins. Rays 15-25, white ed P. blish-purple the ‘disk fred ict Punt reddish-purple. Achenia with a dense min ubescence, turgid. Pa nsition to ou y. wa have specimens Vidi such broad cauline leaves (often half an inch wide by 2 to3 cota ms y that no fois ist would venture to unite se wit A. ericoides very full suite of intermediate specimens. a the scales of th the archi are rather more equal; but we perceive no > other tt esit crowded ; the upper not narrowed, but usually dilated or partly clasping at the base: ee of the involucre spatulate, or narrowed below, mete — the exterior with obtuse herbaceous tips. 39. A. multiflorus (Ait.) : cinereens palenscnt or hairy; stem eae : mose-compound; the heads very numerous and crowded, somewhat unilateral ; leaves linear, pcm closely neu. not tapering at , with 1 oth ate-scabrous or cilia MATE ee or at len, eth recurved i) 3. - spec. 3 . p. 2097 diam. . 9. . 880 ; - Persii Ji. 9. p. 546; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 3497 tee 14; l-1 in DC. prodr, 5. p 243, Sin Hook. ilo PP" E f 3 be A kaladi SA ns ye wae ay n S RA U tz ? VOU wg Š 2 ; Po ? > 7 d Are wee AsTER. - COMPOSITE. 125 Ji. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 13. A. ericoides TF D EY t. 36, Ff. 40. A. ericoides, Lam. dict. 1. 2 304 ; Michr.! fl. 2 A. ericoides var. multiflorus, Pers. syn. 2. p. 443. A. ciliatus, Mal in Willd. spec. 3. p. 202 - dumosus, Dc. ! prodr. 5. p. 241 (as to spec. in herb., excl. char. & syn.); Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 311? (Varióe, in the pubescence of the i which are either dense and elongated, or more compound and thyrsoid ; or, in sterile soil with few and scattered heads, sometimes even solitary and Dear the t holds ulis: stem strict, slender, narrowly racemose at the summit, or slightly crai heads Marcos d aside kx rii scales c the invo- lucre mostly acute, more equagro e—A. des var., Lindl.! in herb. Hook. A. ericoides, Hook.! fl. Bor Am. 2. » 132 (c hielly), "TÉ syn. y sites: bouts a arger, fewer, solitary on e Asis tae or racemose- Spicate.—4A. ramulosus, 8. incano- pilosus, ys n Hook. Am. 2. p. 13, & in DC. l. c. A. biennis, Torr. ! E n "Hie. New York, 2. p. 212; Lindl.! in herb. Torr. ; sisi of Nut Dry fields and sandy or gravelly soil, EEE, Massachusetts! and New York! to Georgia ; and throughout the Western States from Michigan! to the Upper Missouri! B. Sas wi ad and towards ky Mountains, Drummond ! y. Upper Missouri, Dr. James! Rocky Mountains, Drum- mond ! r to Fort] Franklin on fie Markonis Riven, egre / Aug.-Nov. —Stem 1-2 feet bien, muci branched, very bushy ; the branches mostly pags very leafy; = mall € usually crowded i in ee racemes. Lea nerved, or som vehat 3-nerved by th f the few veinlets, obtuse: or scarcely gine but icantly tipped with a mucronate brutos p cau- ones a nch and a half in length, 1-2 lines wide, often with tufts = aiar ones fascicled i in their axils; those of the branchlets much fain rowded. Involucre 2 to 3 lines in diameter ; Ses scales rather rigid, whitish and appressed, except ae ipee spreading or recurved green tips, usually mucronulate like the leaves; the exterior schede more spatulate, and ob- e ud nce.— ^: ar. P. is a more attenuated ied pelis growing i shady places, seg the leaves also more slender; certainly not a variet A. erico guae Vae have a seen the specimens from * Red River, Douglas,’ cited under species jl. Bor ege and know not whether they should be d her Ee vd i to considerable variation. It was a specimen of this plant (erroneously named A. biennis in ind Torr.) that Dr. Lindley had: in view, when he close remarked the close affinity of = z ramulosus B. with A. bi nnis Nutt. (A. canescens, Pursh) We have also a specimen of A. multiflorus a., with more scatter de heads, tollet i in "Michi EA which Dr. Lindley has Jabelled ‘A. canescens, Pursh’: hence, eg e some misappreh De Candolle, on his authority, has given Massachusetts as a habitat of that spe- cies; which, however, is not found east i Maiipit: 40. A. falcatus (Lindl.) : — cinereous-pubescent with appressed race or somewhat quet "e summit ; - hairs; stem strict, slender, the he litary veral on pe erect contrac v 3 entire, minutely appressed-pubescent; the y clasping by a — b mewhat dilated base, often slightly falcate, the margins scabrous; scales of the hemispherical invol linear, rowed love = nearly equal in length, with / Be COMPOSITJE. ASTER. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 12, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 241. A. ramulosus a., Tonal’ in Hook. l. c E e Fi in DC. l.c. p. 243. A. Pineda Nutt. pie Dea mer. phil. merica, un Lies iae in on the Mackenzie ipei on Cum- berland House on = Seow Richardson!—Stem 1-2 feet high. very numerous, 13-2 inches long, l-nerved or obecurely 3-nerved, usua ually h broadest at the: base, a ire rai acute or obtuse, but tipped with a m rg rstle. Heads i panpe or more or less compound narrow raceme, ar da the ordinary states of A. multi deis ; 8 scales of the nearly atone involucre more Ps ual, Ls acute.— - faleatus and the typical A. ramulosus of Lindley ( (kom Fort Franklin Be c3 d i shorter, the foi a R about the length of ie disk), acute or rather obtuse ; short, and often inconspicuous.— Linn. spec. 2. Pa 887? (excl. syn. Dill. Elth. t. 35, f. 39.)* A. miser, Pus s, diffusus, & pde Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. EON oa of most, if not all, succeeding author. a. miserrimus : S iptical-la m-lanceo slate leaves ess s doen or pu tes nt; ‘thie. foleg g bfa nches short, seldom divergent; ee of the inven narrowly lind or linca-onceolate acute. —A. mise y-), Nees! Ast. p. 111. A. miser, var. Nutt./ herb, A. >” myrtifoli 4 Wild. enum. suppl. fide, Nees.—The following are the chief , vi S: 1. Stem somewhat simple, puberulent-scabrous, as well as the | leaves ; heads glomerate or Seep d p a hat racemed branchlets which ^u often ea or sometimes lon ; in the ASTER. ani vk, somewhat secund and spicate on the (abbreviated or soniótitue elongated) ~ ascending flowering branchlets. " miser, var. Nees.! in herb. Arn. & Hook. Jacksonville, Lowisiana, Dru ix Piece i mostly cinerotaa c, a or scabrous; leaves m 4 — elliptical-lanceolate, or cuneiform-oblong, scabrous above, : at | : anches; scales of the involucre linear, obtusish or abruptly acte aries: 1. Stem low (6-18 inches pes sid in or with ascending branches; heads glomerate in Lowe at t of the stem pr 5 branches, and in the axils of the upper Raves or on shorsiebresdihg flower- . ing branchlets; scales of the rai ina megi or Bie a "s " __ the innermost sometimes narrower and more acute. (A. miser, Nutt./ gen- 2. p. 158; Darlingt.! fl. Pot. p ` 466.) 2. Plans ; taller, less pu ubescent ; ae _ heads (rather smaller) loosely ke rr along "i e or rm diva- - E ricate branches; or the lower flow ring branches somewhat-compound. (A+ d. . diffusus, Muhl. ! in herb. ec Š ; Nees, Ast. (partly, ) and in ACE Am- 4 2. Hook. ! St. cose ed wei ad. Uus: or glabrous belam uch branched ; leaves y glabrous (cosy sient. Beabrous above a sparsely pu ubes- oval; branche “diffuse, 1 tly elo biftilcd, divergent, Sunc ed eptesdiat = heads loosely or densely ra 3 involucre RA ar, e or acutish.—A. ig (partly 7), divergens, eremi & par- ees, Ast DE De rgens, Mas vey parv M i nt : T aine leaves vary ts a. ate (3-5 inches, n in some specimens from Kentucky = and Wisconsin even 6 inches s long,) or t o jowl even broadly oval, to cuneiform-lanceolate, oval-lanceolate es is ION dh ; the more or less - as x. ois "x í f the dormi species to which the name of ; ied by.succ ding, piotanists ; but this is by no means | Aw he “fg zu ~s i ASTER. 4 t COMPOSIT £. 131 d elongated primary branched are ascending or ax dildo the heads - umedy disposed ane them on short pedicels, so form elo ving ttt ede racemes, sometimes forming small glomerules, niet ai very numerous in spiciform divaricate racemes, or frequently more loose and somew ius pci M de. Some of the na rrow-leaved forms, with the midrib pubes- lowing : sca e of the. involuc win A daily linear, ds shoe s nearly entire, but sie of them téspotely and ve ed serrate (4-5 inches iuo “attenuate-acuminate); t e midrib: id hirsute beneath; heads few, in racemes much. shorter than a leaves. (A. ae Lindl. ! ! fay DC. prodr. re . 942, ex hay ae ey 3 Upper i sessile glomerules. (Wayne County, o . Sartwell !) pe # 1. Old tben of. roo &c., Canada! Jui throughout the United . Aug.-Oct A polym y deae species, 10 3 to when nearly simple, but at - e or tinged with purple, short, often ` Ye. ouspictiots : the corolla of the disk often turning purple ; the limb deeply A SR Achenia minutely pubescent.—This is the most polymorphous _ Species of the genus. lt would be easy to arrange its most remarkable - forms as distinct speci ‘but perfectly impossible to characterize them. Even our var. diffusus 1 with n cally ; be ^ ES Or x hea EE Ives: the latter is sometimes called A. sane. d ne 49. e A. Lamarckianus (Nees): stem pubesce ent in lines, racemose-decom- oS 2 en nd, coarctate; the branches panie uio d leaves lanceolate, - ... acuminate, sessile, Veg sca potait , scabrous above; those of. the branch- . lets lanceolate-acuminate, spreading ; scales a. the involucre linear, rather - i. _ equal, loosely imbricated. Nees, Ast. p. 100; Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor. — Am. 2. p. 11; _ prodr. 5. p. 941. A. paniculatus, oa: dict. 1. È 306. L" (not of Ait), fide Nees. A. Tradescanti, Nees, synops. p. 28. viflorus, Lindl. in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. l. c. 4 nada, according to T each, Nees. apes’ pala Richardson! Drummond ! (v herb )—Ac this species is ae iecur from any with which he - de i gis his A. divergens. any with w. m Sa skatchawan appea cime of ie species cultivated i in the Berlin! T s *-.— t Heads mid j e 50. A simpler (Will): stem , grbrous mp branches somewhat corym summit ; T dn branc bearing fow [middle-sized] CES acuminate, am « p+ an * y we'd 2 M IN. ; COMPOSITE. it, ASTER. the margins ns scabrous ; the tower erae; — of the involucre lose i bricated, linear-subulate. Nees.—Willd 2. p. 887 ape ers p.91; . prodr. 5. p. 239. A.l anceolatu d. spec 3. p.2 ? (as species of doubtful origin, E not mee € of space lt authors ? E — “Darlin ngt.! fl. Cest. p. 467 ; not o. e A. :estivus, Ait. ? Wi ^ oem diffusely branched ; the branches pubescent in lines, often — and diverging; heads (variable e but mostly rather large) racemose-scattered ; scales í is code linon IB (rays blue or —ÓÓ : nega =A. recur- vatus, Nees, Ast. elgii var. minor, in herb. Hook. A. divergens (parily), ? indi: hin ben. Hook. A. VN PE ihe Lindl. in f. nds ( (middle-sized) i in dense or Recap axillary racemes which are slibreat than the cauline leaves; other à. stem tall I reo i high) erect ; bé disce hirsute or pubescent, often n lines; hea i^ (preity large) loosely racemose or somewhat paniculate pov the ey of the branchlets; rays blue stem 1-2 feet high, pubescent in ned above; heads numer r crowd ed on the short branchlets, small; rays pale blue or bluish-whit et banks of st and gins of anada! and nearl throughout the United States! a. ô. & e. Common in the Northern and Mid- dle States! 8. Ohio! Kentucky a! Aug. fo robably so fo ees a veian ted in European gardens have eon p». ed from it; and |... | _ perhaps A. obliquus, Dee is among the number. Some states are, MOre- | |». Over, very near our A. tenuifolius y. bellidi florus; and our var. e. close i approaches A. Trades, but has larger heads, and broader as well as, more deeply serrated lower satt Big leaves are 1 to 4 inches long, 3-10 . lines wide, peus to an acuminate vfi acne glabrous and smooth on both ` the ; e rrowed to the base, sessile or slightly clasping; the uppermost and those of the branches sly i — Seu les of the obov bps involucre more minutely pubescen Tw 51. A. ois. s (Linn. ): nearly glabrous; stem — * e bl narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, mostly elongated, attenvate-acufil- die n cio geb the lower ones usually sharply serrate 10 the ae middle ; € those of e branches and branchlets entire, attenuate, proportioned ; xo les wes rical involucre nümerous, linear’ or subulate-linear, Ys _ acute, eiie rund, or the points somewhat "mene, — innermost, y as BE the the disk; rays rather short. —Linn. s cx 2. p. 8 — soe tea cn Nees, Ast. p. 119; DC.! prodr. 5 pe d ae, " canus Belvidere folis, &e. Pluk. alm. 56, t7 ^d pns lyphy us, Wild. enum. 2. p. 8 p f polyp 2 e Nees. A. junceus, Pursh, fl. 9. p. 557 ; ( Lo sk. 2. p. 356?) Nees, s 26, fide Nees. A. radescanti ary) Lindl. ! in herb ) - Hoo rep p T . iat Tamosissimus : panieulatel ately pon branched ; the: "branches ene branch- . . Ps s somewhat mig Limp imt pubescent; leaves often scabrous ; scales , vo og ae abad pe numerous, linear-subulate — indl. F weh, Hook. À. tenu ifolius y. Nees, ^ _ ASTER. i La COMPOSER A 133 è 1 heads often iege racemose; le dido, or frequently scabrous above; scales of the involucre narrowly linear, ac acute, loosely imbricated.— A. - belldiflorus, Wiles enum. 2. p. 886 ; wes om p. 97; DC. prodr. 5. ; Lindl. ! b Bor. n A. angustus & rigidulus, on es narrowly lanceolate or ear y en eş "wm oie = usually entire ; heads (A. cedes 7 Wild. spec. 3. p. 9 i po e t. Berol.) . . 35 synops. A. artemisic fictus, Jo. Ms i ` 50 0.): 3. Lower leaves rather broadly lanceolate, sharply and often coarsely serrate, or some- times arany en Low moist pes Canada (y. from — M ces !) and Northern Stine to the upper districts of N. Caroli Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet igh, usually rather stout and rigid ; the woman often pubescent, especiall n lines. Cauline leaves ici from 24 to 5 or even 6 inches in wri i prm of the nubes very gradually reduced in size), narrowed at the 6 tapering above to a long attenuate very sharp point, scabrous-ciliolate under ka 8 lens, of arather firm texture, with a strong midrib, the a copiously ^ A and.co nep re poo beneath. Heads about middle-sized (larger than in A. m ; the sc of die involucre acute or RE somewhat h h e wu ^: ys numerous, considerably longer than the disk (which sometimes . turns pufplupy pale purple or nearly white, usually mmm a deeper it before fading ad 52. A. carneus (Nees) : pulus or the strict racemose branches some- * ^ * what pubescent in lines; leaves uniform, entire or nearly so, narrowly lan . . ceolate, mucronate- ^ inque slightly scabrous above, with serrulate-sca- " brous margins; the low ore or less attenuate towards the base; the upper > ge x: and ew aimag: heads (middle-sized) racemose towards the T it of th the leafy bran ches ; involucre obovate, apres shorter than pres * DC! ! pro wed » p. 237, Sari y- a with the heads few and near- Y fs 2 sessile, on short leafy branches, which are aggregated in a compact ra- Ta (A. salicifolius, Muhl.. ! in herb. Ell., partly.) . ya ple ve Saas racemosely much branched ; the branches beter very a i T rous densely ra A3 - mose heads; leaves minutely scabrous above ; those of the branches "ient a” oblong-linear or lanceolate.—A. m asper, indi ! in Hook. . to bot. . ma ~ 97, & in rodr. 5. p. aries: 1. Exterior scales of "^ he involucre somewhat spatulate-linear, obese or abruptly a and very slight- QA 4. e: 92. Stem densely gn 009 com ^ wien ummit; leaves of © Y the branches and branchlets very short yopec A state of s _— with short leaves and pene ur scattered along the W sle —— bra on it with our v ix r iguus : parsers codem along z the Meer o somewhat T on short rt pe os ncles ; involucre conspicu usly gione an the disk ; pgs leaves elongated, rather broadly lanceolte mach. Ama at each end, & — sharply se rrate in the middl im^ the branches nearly as nv AREE s m Moist soil, Mancolisetts, (near Boston, $ Boott !) to o Pennsylvania, 2 Muhlenberg ! Schweinitz ! and Ohio, Dr. Riddell ! Mr. Sullivant ! B. St. s i mmond ! Indiana, Dr. Cla, — ouisiana, Dr. Leaven- 134 COMPOSITE. $ ASTER. and with the veinlets — as — — more abruptly narrowed to a mucro san pagename p" f the nches 1-2 inches long, ort. in riable in this respect; the scales of the ivola betad er and shorter, ap- pressed (or the — loose be more unequal, and regularly imbri ital, pale, with short usually rhombic-ovoid ere tips, which are very slightly spreading. Ra aye longer, broader, and more showy than in A. tenuifolius, es, ( Nees), “nearly E. or incide light v — in the he ish. |» what dé nasi or laciniate.— This species was desc Nee ees, from p cimens of uncertain derivation, cultivated in the iiec of Count Schenborn Dr. Lindley identified a plant collected near Boston by Dr. Boott, with an authentic specimen, from Nees. We have the ) other specimens, which clearly show that A. subasper of Lindley is only a rm species. Although "iare isian from both, it closely — A. laxifolius on om and A. tenuifolius (with which es compares it) on the other. ‘ions: pins of it have not apanji ii mn e Tradescanti a name often applied to what we consider form of A. tenuifolius m smooth and glabrous, racemosely branched or com- u very short bracteate Hardin s; involucre campanu eire somewhat pr an the disk; the scales linear-lanceolate, acute, jae e closely imbricate in nearly 3 series, the exterior somewhat shorter N ear Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene! Dr. Pickerin ng! (in herb. acad. Philad.) ` —The specime e se ant the lower cauline leaves, and d afford sufficient information as to the size of the e cauline leaves in the specimens are 3-5 — long, — half an inch broad, remotely ser- te with minute tee a ra m texture; ww veinlets e. E € surface cid rinichinted; but - 'consplonousl in A. c P upper su very scabrous in one specimen, Tu li sligh tly so in ee aa . the leaves p: the branches are pretty unifo ughout in size and shape, orm. 12 ae long, lanceolate-ovate or elliptical, nett: all serrate like those of the s Heads nearly the size of those of A. carneus f. subas d : à in 1 sharper uos tips. Rays rather s i, broadly linear, umen ent plish; the turning to reddish-pu . Achenia minutely puberulent "*"*9*9**» 95 Heads riens ar Ure EFT. | late: scales of the involucre equal or somewhat lax or spreading herbaceous er foliaceous tips; pe exterior frequently entirely ep ceous : achenia pubescent or glabrous : rays usually large and numerous, blue or ple: cauline leaves sessile, y the upper more or less clasping.—Salicifolii. t Scales of the” involucre erect or appressed, with -— short — ms i herbaceous tips; ir sea often entirely herbaceous 54. A. laxus (nn). stein racemose Maid e ecom- oun; the branches E Pott dm the summit jy the aiis j Fr Er um * j & tae a ai È nequal, more or less imbricated, with bis aa : $ aS a ÅSTER. M COMPOSIT/E. 135 elongated ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, the margin (and often the upper surface) scabrous; the lower ones somewhat serrate ; those of the branchlets isis MA spreading; s koalés of the involucre in the termi- nal heads loose, and nearly equal, lin of the others imbricated, reflexed at the summit. "Nee. Willd. Pu? L9. . p. 886; (Pursh, fl. 2. p. 5572) Nees, Ast. p. 95; DC. prodr. 5 North America, Willdenow. Ti us vide fields, New Jersey to Mi Pursh ; who, debo pipbably had a different epee in view. Bosto on, Dr. Boott! Dr. Greene! aped ook.) ork, Mr. Dibonnd! Septet. The oo specimens we have seen agree very well with the dus of Willdenow, and that of Nees, which we have copied. toa (3-5 inches long and 4-5 lines broad) are rather rigid, serrulate with scat- tered appressed teeth, the upper surface more or less scabrous ; the upper- most and those of the branches short, partly clasping and sometimes sligatly dilated at the base. The heads are rather smaller than in A. prea € but ch be ^ thely herbisgiés mu, broadly uat obtuse or miucronate-acute, often as long as the disk, loose, at length squarrose- mam ; the outermost simi- zı Jar to the leaves of the tea nchlets: in ; de lateral heads, when these are pro- . ^. duced, the scales are regularly imbricated, as in A. prealtus. The rays ap- - pear to be purplish- uel Although he has placed the two species at some distance from A ther, Nees appears to suspect that his laxus may pass into A. prealtus; which is most probably the case. Indeed these two species, well as A. eod and A. Novi-Belgii, seem to be coniicit by a series F intormélliaes forms. és 55. A. prealtus (Poir.): stem or branches mostly ha airy in m race- . ™mose-paniculate or corym at the summit; leaves lanceolate, partly x ^. elasping, acute, entire, or obscurely tubis ee glabrous, with sca- o ma r surface so scabrous toward: apex and margins ; c sasn narrowed towards the base; scales of the involucre unequal, loosely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, linear-lanccolate, acute, often with the ee spreading ; pus po’ wen — ¿+ Poir. suppl. 1. p. 493 ; Nees, Ast. p. 71; DC. prodr. 5. p. A. sali- ^. cifolius, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 203? (Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549 ): -Bigel. ji. i^ - Bost. ed. 9. p. 309. A. vi virgatus, Nees, synops. p. 27. Moist woods and rocky banks of streams, New Hampshire! Massachu- setts! and perhaps throughout the Northern States Apg often m 1 to *w : sa 6 feet high, often rather d and fims; frequently hairy o r pubes- 4 nt throughout when yang, at length smooth and glabrous except in lines, ~ fen t, branched near the. summ mit; the veni ches somewhat racemose d ; the branchlets short, and usually form- x Lyrsoid-corymbose inflorescence. Radical ob d g, 1-2. inches long, obtuse, nearly entire, i tapering into a liate margined short petiole, sheathing at the base ; gll the bee par. rem hairy on the midrib when young. | * leaves. about 4 inches long, 5-8 lines wide, ane gradually to an acute point, of a firm texture, pale and very smooth narrow promi- nent midrib, bright green above, usually a little scabrous only towards the summit; the veins forming loose open reticula'ions, which are rather con- spicuous in the older leaves; the ral usually with a more-or less dilated *.- ot auriculate insertion. Heads rather l A = vohis Involucre vend * as the LI the scales SS often somewhat narrowed to- ; base, Wer: , herbaceous aes Rays violet or pale- blue, pretty 136 COMPOSITE. ASTER. plant (the ligule as long as the involucre); the disk-flowers An changing to Achenia minutely pubescent, or glabrous when — We should the have restored older name of A. salicifolius, were we at oil confident that it belongs to this species: as this is doubtful, we have followed ei and De Candolle. Pursh’s plant is said to grow from New York to Virg . A. elodes: very smooth and glabrous; stem mostly nc corym r rarely somewhat racemose- gap at the summit; leaves fient lanceolate, Som acute or acum at each end, entire or sparingly ap- presse e, shining, tola- pa the upper surface often minutely Diebus y dem de the side and margins; the uppermost partly clasping by a more or le ess narrowed base ; scales of the obovoid involucre rather closely . gen. B. leaves varying from "aov lanceolate to broadly oval-ianceolate, or the lowermost inscantare- -spatu et swamps, paride on erf Massachusetts! Long Island! New Jersey! and Pennsylva AME Us and North Carolina! Aug.-Sept. sedis usually iple, and 1 to 2 feet high, very srt, mostly sighs are commonly shorter in proportion an pd B ore or less acu- c uia at each end), mostly deep green EU shining misa and conspicu- mr moea “a impressed veins, the margins often slightly an and sharp- 1 those of the branches small spreading. Heads large and showy, Eo rather n du simple or somewhat otn corymbs, or some- times paniculate racemes, solitary on a short and rather rigid, sparse and diverging bas read Involucre glabrous or slightly pubescent; the scales of a rather firm texture; the exterior herbaceous, except the pale broad mar- ens of New Massachusetts, and as "c uth at least as North Carolina. It varies much in the form of the leaves, which are frequently as narrow as in A. paludosus, but sometimes as wide as i iei ci It begins to flower when only i 1 .8 or 12 inches high, a uid per rha aps seldom attains more than two feet in poy while the heads s » s eeruan large and showy. We are not 57. A. Novi- Belgii mas : smooth and ous em (ác the rn Mandy | pubescent i in lines), often somewhat glauc ous; stem stout; the brane ‘id or slightly os es ; coriaceous, pale and very smooth, or slightly scabrous towards the margins mee upper ama acia or oblong-lanceolate, somewhat iere 3 ape ppermost and those of the bra s yi ^ a broader base, often hemispheri en a) disk ; the scales L2 aw "m ' x Y * Aster. COMPOSITE. 137 8 i (9. p. 554; Nees! Ast. p. 79; DC.! prodr. 5. p: 238, ied ay » A. floribundus, Nutt.) A. Novi- der ergo &c. — Lugd. p t. 69. A. serotinus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 9 (partly), fi e Nees. i oe Pursh, fl. 2. p. 553 ?—The follo ATE varieties are ipea by Nees, all em e large so what corymbose; ray ample, &c.) Var. 8. squarrosus : leaves lance t o d: branches simply EDAD us the heads somewhat Se; ray broad and dense; scales of t olucre somewhat equal, the exterior pi ie ioa) often Ipifécóóns atid elongate ted. (A. junceus, recurvatus, an s, of so e gardens). Var. y. serus: stem taller; ray dense, esli-colcieed: pue tish towards bus disk. Var. d. minor: leaves lanceolate, attenuate ; the branches tomous-cor bos any- owered ; ray shorter and ies so ie scs ot the petn ely im- qe d. p edet ping smaller; stem low (A. floribundus, Willd. . 88 i crowded racem Y the iiid tof ax illa ary branches, ohiri are either ‘baie or longer than the cauline casio PM — the stem or aggregate - somewhat corymbose at tbe su —3. -— ds (smaller), racemose or ra: SORA towards the su - of numerous slender branches, whi are racemose along the ster venons upper panne a scales of the involucre in Borders of swa moist ground, from near the sources of the Mis- eid (Banks of Spirit nm Mr. Nicollet N: to S. Carolina, Elliott! (A. levis? Herb. Ell.!) and pose pa = iss Clay! apparently not -— com- mon. Sept.-Oct.—Stem usually stout, 1-4 feet high. Leaves thickish; the lower ones often 5-6 ache long, and — or inch — oin tapering from above the middle to the _ with a pre rong m the margins Scabrous; the primary veins few ; the rte es of the veinlets rather ob- scure. including the rather linear and pretty large pale blue rays, but sometimes bw. o half that size. Exterior scales of the involucre occasionally her- so with slight pale or scarious margins. Disk often turning purp Achenia slightly pubescent.—Our plant, which whol ly accords with the des- cription of A. Novi-Be elgii, a. Nees, is doubtless the. same with the original ie Linens species, and with that figured by Hermann. Although e xtensively - . diffused, it appears to be uncommon in this country. Tt has been cultivated in Europe for more than a century : =a a half; and from from it several nominal species have probably been derived.—The **specime e n Aster from Dr. Scouler, gathered on the Colum , which Prof. Tii inclines to refer to A. apis (Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. ued under A. luxurians,) is is either a variety of A. Novi-Belgii, or belongs to new species, of which there are not sufficient materials for de 58. A. amplus (Lindl.): stem simple, stout; the racemose branches some- what Ve. Miny d , hairy above, bearing 1-3 lar arge heads; leaves Feet with scabrous margins, slightly serrate or nearly entire; the radi- cal ones oval-lanceolate, tapering into a den. narrowly-winged petiole, the lower shlong iens, often auricula s tly clasping ; ed Spp rowl long-lanceolate, „often auricu te-clasping; scales volucre lan fe ig ng al, large.— — Lindl.! in Hook. ft. Bor.- 138 COMPOSITE. ASTER. Rocky Mou se (lat. 549—569? ?), Drummond !—A plant with large -+ heads, mostl on the erect and simple often leafless branches; and = ample eio dr rem the ra ical - ones; including the elongated petioles, à sometimes mey a foot in le ength. y pubescent. Dr. Lindley prees with A. brumalis. A. Douglasii (Lindl.) : stem glabrous, racemose-compound ; the (few- theca branches loosely paniculat gei manng few E large) heads; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, mostl y somewhat narrowed at the base, glabrous, nearly all s serrate ; pai of the hemispherical in voluere broa inear (or m. utt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. ie. toe er) regon, in low soils; common along the large rivers M r the d coast, Doug- las! Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall ! Aug.-Se t.—Varies; wit rter pes and more numerous smaller heads; and with more slender and naked di^ anches, bearing fewer and larger heads (Lindl. ); and specimens collected by Mr. Nuttall have shorter and broader leaves, with tuner stro Ely ¢ ciliolate- scabrous margins. r. nd MON considers it allied t emin which it 60. A. “lajina (Nees): stem scabrous, racemose-compound, narrow; the branches racemose at the summit or slightly compound; leaves narrowly lanceolate (or lanceolate-linear), mucronatoly serrulate, attenuate to each end, clasping, flaccid, scabrous above ; scales of the involucre linear, squar- rose ; those of the terminal heads reyi d Nees, Ast oe uu dg pm wan, ond not Arctic America.) A state with rigid leaves, the T — the simply racemose heads, is A. zstivus, Lindl. ! Lini cedi stem — — scabrous, racemosely branched; the and almost filiform branches spr eading ; leaves — i ly lan- ceolate » elongated sere teenie rigid, scabrous above ; the mar, remotely serrilate or often entire, ois heads foodely racemose or somewhat paniculat e at the extremity of ranches, on slender peine branc es of the valute unequal, with some- America (eiatd ; D Sg Leyden drin Nees. 8. Canada pitcher, Pru e ask katchawan ! to Arctic of Oregon! à g PT P : ra a wid al P2 Milwaukie, Wisconsin, Dr. L ASTER. ` COMPOSITE. 139 apham ! Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant ! Sept.-Oct.—We refer the A. salicifolius of Richardson to A. laxifolius, on the authori ity of Dr. PEREA — is — ably acquainted with the plant of Nees, whose specifie phrase we have copied. mark, that es specimens do not well accord is the description of that species, which aid to differ from A. vimineus, Nees, ** by its minutely an and remotely Gilas leaves, 5-7 pers long and vn lines broad; by its narrower (flesh- ee rays about half A size ; suis earlier florescence" ; and the stem iss hil i 8 nearly as n A. puniceus; the rays numero fully the te of de ebrei depone violet-blue; the achenia in some yir rather densely, in others ngl The var. y., which is probably not specifically. distinc: from the Wig. an is a ver aceful ith | slender lax branches, and the heads loosely disposed at their extremities. The cauline leaves are 4 or 5 inches long, ‘ad oS = d those of e squ numerous, long, s Bory, app arently pale violet or purple; the disk gr, purplish. Achenia minutely puberulent.—The A. gus of the pean gardens may have been derived from this species t t Scales of the involucre loose, narrow, acute, often recurved or spreading. 61. A. longifolius (Lam.): glabrous; stem smooth or Dn — below, iege: ret ; the (middle- sized) heads loosely co paniculate ; y ne Ly near ancl lange t nate involucre narrowly oe, dies pint eai Ed spreading or often recurved; rays numerous.— Lam. tp. 308. 5, fide n ! - 5. p. 239. A. eminens, Willd. enum. 2. p. "6067 ien - te . junceus, beg Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 204, fide Nees, DC. $e. siia go, Jl. 2. p. 553? (ex Nees. C.) ned with mi leaves mostly entir ne hue loser cona laneosiate s Y Pié of th more or less shorter and less s atin yore pla se gut York to Carolina,’ Nees, DC. (derived partly from Pe MS cited Br dere Faris A. duncodo Nevigatos, &c.) South- s, Le Conte! 8. I ? Le e pas, never met aa ^m Deis men iene in the h Le Conte, whose specimens very wel th l. c., or A. longifolius e. levigatus, DC. L. c.) Nees ad mutabilis, prin A. levigatus, Pursh: con is said to bea feet M wiih the at aucem th scabro ght green and lucid ee A P" E: | 140 COMPOSIT X. ASTER. rially differ from it. Another, the A. longifolius n. albiflorus, . DC : eminens ». Nees,l.c. A. virgineus, Nees, synops.), que white rays, ee verging to reddish-violen and more scabrous as well as b roader leaves: from this the A. e var. virgineus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1656, is said to differ e spreadi but less spreading. Achenia minutely pu nt.—A. squarrulosus, pon has apparently been derived from this species. = 62. A. Elliot stem stout, very smooth and glabrous, upper portion and the VR Lnd bra. t: min n ey d ep Ses in decurrent lines ; leaves somew ie n s or dus scabrous tapering Pugna b e ae ER Denie). partly pena "but not dilated at the insertion ; f the branches short, spatulate, oblong, or oval-lanceolate, sercals te; Hx (middle-sized) iot lca Po ae of the obovate olucre linear-subulate, _ somewhat equal, num B nint. $ series, n racer r more commonly paniculate or corymbose at the summit. Cauline leaves 4-6 inches long, an inch or less in width, of a rigid texture, w d not lucid, wi S 7ps in the foliage, while nvolner &c. are very the rays, by Elliott. have never observed the ces sea B aio’ as descri —_— 63. A. puniceus (Linn. E eG hispid, stout, paniculate above ; leaves long. lateselasping b ng ‘by a more or less auriculate base, acuminate, ‘the 1 us ow s ph es; "s -a ice a narrowly hs ip She ee e acute, loose, equal, in about 2 series, as as the E- M e E a few of the exterior porsie, y rie the terminal heads) often broader, more foliaceous (linear- -lanceolate) and_bracteolate ; ie x de X x ASTER. COMPOSIT X. 141 rays numerous, showy.—Linn.! hort. Cli 408, . 9. p. 875; ess Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. pn Michz.! fl. 2. (s s Wd apes 5 Pursh! fl. 9. p. 554; Hook. ! jl. Bor. dae 2. p. 10; Darli ingi. i ! yu Cest. - 465; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 236. A. Americanus lutifoliue, puniceis caulibus, Lugd. p. 649, t. 651. A. hispidus & A. amoenus, Lam. dict. 1. p. } di es; wi i et . pu Lindl. bot. m. t. 163 36) : in aun size of de heads pies ng A. Nov ake n- pn apana when scattered; € considerably smaller; i eeomdir- very and corymbose-paniculate: the leaves varying from rather nar- iain, eere to o oblong-lanceolate or oblong, or the lower € even obovate- oblong ; either narrowed n e base, or cordate-clasping ; ; the teeth scat- ere mo. — 8. firmus : stem deir stout, often lg ca smooth and glabrous below, lightly hai towards the summit s g rie either p es or in a leaves moderately or slightly Peru. fia above; exterior scales of the in cre rather broader and more foliaceous ; " m Wide "LA. ri in C. Nees, Ast. p. 66 (v. sp. in irt. Berol.) ; DC. prodr. P ,935, excl. syn. Ell! A. vimineus, Lindl. ! in — - Bor.-Am. l. c. in part. (Lake - Tod. Y vimineus : stem hispid in lines near the su mie Send along the aennchess raves lanceolate pack varying som aviar. in appearance when it grows in wet ; vimineus he A. luxurians 5. Lindl. ! in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. l. c. (Canada, Mrs. b cival!) to be a state of this pu leaves are ordinarily pretty large and uniform. The rays are numerous, rather large, ines e gi in shade to pale eric de did ena urning purplish or brownish; the nia minutely and sparsely pubescent. ` 64. A. prenanthoides poh 2 sone ) : stem pubescent or hirsute abo decurrent lines, ulate-corymbose at the summit; leaves _ceolate ms iore enel tadlbaby seria) dia IR AUR MNA y 142 COMPOSIT E. ASTER. upper scabrous; heads on short and rather rigid spreading peduncles ; te of the obovoid ‘involucre narrowly linear, acute or a — er imbricated i in 3 or 4 series, with Wiper a tages ng ——— ummits Muhl. ! illd. spec. 3. pP 2046; Per. - 2. p. 446; Nees, pus p. "m aia: p.4 C. . 934. - scaber : stem spars ely ro cbc keene or even hispid above; leaves less conspicuously attenuate towards the base, the upper surface very scabro oist w Kentucky ! and a Arya fusion the Alleghany Mountains Chester, Pennsylvania, Darlington, Mr. Townsend! (in herb. Hook.) S tes -Nov.—Stem 1-4 feet high, angled, rather bius idea pubescent ipee decurrent lines, or iey glabrous below, bearing few or numerous pretty large heads, in a terminal loose and expanding, simple or peste or some- embran - rym veiny, A green above, pale npn and frequently a little hairy along the drib ; the lower cauline 5-6, or even 8-10, inc long, the attenuate he i dilated an nearly white; the disk turning pun lish. Achenia narrow, slightly cunei- form, a little narrowed at the su mmit, "pcd at the base as if somewhat stipitate, scabrous-pubescent. Pappus unequal.—A very marked species, es from dried sp - lt has never fou way in e gardens, and appears o par botanists ; yet, it is not uncommon within ex geographical range w e given. Distinct as the species certainly is, var. 8. (as Dr. n bd iu noticed) makes a near approach to A. peer 9 and a a hybrid between the two. 65. A. mutatus: stem hai iry, ot ees Beer hiya B the branches simple, igiate, glandular-pubescent at the s mit, terminated by single heads; leaves biibtiicdus) lanceolate, ides die, slightly and remotely s serrate, pubescent both sides » par tly vanos, the DAE clasping by a broad base; scales of the hemispherical involucre narrowly linear-lanceolate, "o acute, foliaceous, loose, nearly in a single series, as pt as the X A nume- rous.—4A. Unalaschkensis £8. ? major, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2 _Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains, Diamond fines d adl 2 feet ent with loose spreading hairs; the branches slender, erect. Leaves very thin, 3-4 inches long, tapering to a sharp point of the smaller dex similar, broader at the base and box: clasping. Heads t as lar, n A. puniceus; the scales of the somewhat pubes dest: loose or spreadi 30, rather narrow, nger than the disk. prom of the style lan- ceolate. Achenia (immature x obl rib | z i | ES e*t *oROR OR OR RR oe (ore and hwy) termina ” ie, COMPOSIT. 143 t Scales of the involucre imbricated, with — foliaceous summits. 66. A. racemosely branched or RA leaves linear- "nomen CON. mucro- nulate, closely cesta’ reflexed or recurved, ve ery a ugh, numerous ; those of the branches small, oblong-iinear or lanceolate | ; s (very large) rant f terminating the branches; scales of the i callie pons to the most p.50; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 232. A. grandiflorus asper, squamis reflexis, Dill. j hil. Elth. t. 36, f. 41. A. asperrimus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7« p. qur ry soil, in the mountains and upper country of Virginia! North CE na! and ua apparently not common ; cultivated for more than a c ry in European gardens. Sept.-Nov.—Stem and branches rigid. pgs very small in proportion to the heads; the lower 1-2 inches, those of the ry s EA often less than half an inch in length, thickish, somewhat papilio, and hispid with very shar p rigid hairs. Heads of the cultivated plant per- haps the largest of the genus ; in indigenous specimens frequently not larger than in A. spectabilis, Slightly viscid. icum les of the involucre much more numerous in the cultiv. than in the indigenous plant, and with longer and narrower squarrose aeo 2 es, slightly vis vue ; the chartaceous base appressed. Ra oe e, mi habit, the wild plant BE as the section Calliastru i6 : A, ay singe ue or capace: puDeaoans stem suf- frutescens, much branched, diffuse or decumbent, flexuous; the heads — at racemose or scattere d; leaves o P oi NC. entire (or serr: the sterile —— KA attenuate to each end, very sha aply. A at the narrowed base abruptly dilated and auriculate- Seems. A e insertion; scales of the Wa linear, canescent, in mbric ted in oe series, une- ALL? Nutt. ! gen. 2. ^ dd EU’! sk. 2 p. 353; Nees 4 Ast. i A NA I li 5. p. Sd Sept.-O o ies ism Or ud ps other A and nd attaining the height of 8 to 12 feet, very pubescent when young, not andu- lar; the showy large . patens) mostly erras branchlets or peduncles, scattered. Leaves 1 m 3 inches Ie clothed with a minute and close soft pubescence, or nearly canescent when young, or the upper surface slightly scabrous when old, p iced to a very da. arp acuminate point ; the lowermost narrowed tow ards the base, as if petioled, but dilated t the insertion. Scales of the involucre rather 2 rigid, not i glandular or viscid, pressed except the sq e tips; orter the short bright purplé CELL). or often purplish, rose-color, ; the disk rpli er, 10. Arbed sig slightly puberulent when young, but purplish. pee er en mature. pies pus turning reddish-brown.— leaves of the g sterile branches are sometimes coarsely toothed. 68. A. ob lius (Nutt.): stem host branched, diffuse or divaricate, what hairy ; the branchlets loose, paniculate-corymbose, and with the — involucre and uppermost lea OF ; IS; in A clasping, so the iu : dly linear, Somewhat T mne apprend a b Peur je squar- / 2 Er Ea ay baile 144 COMPOSITE. ASTER. rose foliaceous n: achenia canescent.— Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 156, & in h , As trans. Tog phil. soc. l. c.; Nees, Ast. p. 48; Hook. ! compan. T bot t. mag. 1. p. 9 E. dr. 5. p. 232. A. graveolens, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. cee ascen me brous below: the branches, young leaves, and involucre co , more or i i somew ue a a ciliate; the r ones more iiinis a sprinkled with resinous dots, which are ejisady pedi ellate, so as to appear like glandular hairs ;' those of the brane hlets small, often cro ei P a dually passing into the "scales of the ol A. amethystinus duxi ah with a close somewhat cinereous st ulat de 60. pubescence ; em racemose-paniculate; leaves nnmerous, linear-lanceolate, entire ; strigose-scabrous, te panty ‘clasping by a dilated or auriculate base ; ‘scales vd the involucre ewhat equal, not glandular or visda linear, acute, erect, with squarrose pissed tips; achenia silky.—Nutt. ! in trans. i- Near Boston and Salem, Men: rouen Nuttall ! Mr. Little! Sept.? We have only seen branches; with leaves about an inc long, abont 2 lines nes wide, thickish, minutely MATE pad strigose under a lens: the nu- merous racemose branchlets are furnished with similar lo of a smaller e ar on thre A. Nove-Angliz. Involucre about the length of the disk ; the scales minute- ly strigose; the exterior slightly spatulate, hoy MAE whiti sh portion some- what narrowed; the innermost rather longer an ore attenuated. numerous, azure according to Nuttall, Pessa p Aela 3 n dried specimens. Pappus turning brownish.—Resembles A. oblongifolius +t Scales of the oy loose, very narrow (glandular-viscid), appearing as if nearly in a sin, s 70. A. E (Linn.): stem stout, ee corymbose at the sum- mit; the branchlets and involucre somewhat scid ; leaves very numerot ate or lanceolate-linear auriculáte-clasping, entire, Son. c clo a close somewhat scabrous pu e; scales of the involucre subulate-linear, lax, equal, as long as the disk; achen p. 408 CN - P- 113; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549; Nutt? ge Ell. l. bot. reg. t. We PE Jl. Bost. ed. 9. 9. 310; Nees, Ast. Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 8; During. f Cet. jz 462; DC.! altissim lav. t. 8. Ast Pont. diss. p. 949. A. amplexicaulis, om dict. 1 € 304; not of Willd., nor of A. Willd. 3. p. 20325 Nees, synops. p. 20. — : spuri, ee 2 Low or moist grounds, Canada and Northern States! to Missouri! e- tucky ! and the upper districts of the Southern States! Sept.-Oct.—S 3-8 feet high, mostl urple, hirsute bos pcenis pid jointed yn the summit and branches furnished bes with a r less copious close granular-viscid pubesc -— ae ae "inde he’ pedicels pir the i nin cre, and exhales a faint resi eaves 2—4 inches long, about hal ewha erved ; the low the involucre. eads in a short thyrsus or corymb, or in compound some- what t corymbs, often an inch and a half in diameter, including the large and very numerous violet PU av rays; the latter sometimes rose-color in cultivation (A. roseus, Desf. cat. hort. Par.) ; the disk turning slightly purplish. Scales of the ee a numerous in 9-3 series, but similar in m 4 so that t simple as an Alpigenous Aster, attenuate from short chart pressed base to the apex; or the outermost aliha eap foliace ous. ro andsome and well-known épecies, ó of very uniform appearance in its nativ nr cte but several varieties have resulted from long phe sit hog in the European gardens. To this, or to A. we pro eer jd A. con- S ance Colla, hort. Ripul. appx. 3, in cad. Tur. 33. p. 134, t. 12, which De Candolle has incautiously cited ven A: ph ak nei Wis. modestus (Lindl. ? - M glabrous — the summit and the A. ax es, or — hes of the simple corymb, glandular-pubescent; leaves nu-. brous, | merous; lan eolate, prier sparingly amd s sharply serrate, gla ly clas Pea pure of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acute, lax, equal, the length of the disk; achenis Morum t.—Lindl. ! in Hook. A. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 8, & in DC. pro a 9. nches of = cory a and somewhat leafy; scales of the invo- lucre rather shorter.—A. Sayianus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 2 Moonia woods at the mouth of Spars Ya River, lat. 56° (near the Rocky Mountains), Drummond! | B. Forests of the Roc A E ola 42? 1), and plains of the Orcpon, Natl /—Stem about a foot high, s Leav ves about 3 inches long, less than an inch wide, serrate with iti oma spread- ing teeth; the uppermost iex m by a broad base; the lower somewhat narrowed at the base nce less clasping. Heads few, resembling those of A. Novz-Anglie ; the scales of vis involucre fewer and rather broader, what glandular. - ence pale blue,” Nutt. Achenia Gh pubescent, especially on the ribs, both in a. and de which iter very slightly. *.* Several insufficient specimens of "ablic ined species remain in our collec- tions, or in those submitted oe bain examination: we think it — toleave them nnoticed than to describe fro: imperfect materials, which is very hazardous in such a genus as the present. i Species unknown to st founded on native specimens. 72. A. cerulescen: (DC Ld stem erect, smooth; branches erect, leafy, sile, about hal£claspipg, broadly l linear * o lingulaie, eous, entire, almost smooth, the midrib ally pas ing. e oblong acute — imbricated and slightly squarrose scales of the pr hg DC. prodr. 5. p. Texas, in the eastern districts, Berlandier. — Cauline leaves 3 to 4 inches long, 4 lines broad. Heads as large as in A. puniceus; the m pale-blue. Achenia almost glabrous. Pappus reddish-brown, DC.—The species is placed next to A. ponies at , NE L. H.— f 12i s, entire, alt hose of the branchlets (which bot: di ien gradu- M SX * «ST "d xd AsTER. COMPOSIT E. 145 4542 Tw = 346 COMPOSITA. ASTER. 73. A. multiceps (Lindl.) : glandular-pubescent throughout; stem race- mose ; the branches erect, bea aring single heads; leaves oblong-linear, acute, pubescent, slightly scabrous; scales of the sae nen subulate, whitish at the base, squarrose. Li ndl. in DC. rodr. Louisiana.—A very distinct Species, not ae allied to any one params — of the Amélk section, if the inner p of the o: were mem branaceous and colored. Lindl. —We kno t fro m. this pon se derived. It is placed at the end of the ko «ehe inchides A. p ceus, præaltus, &c. 4. A. subspicatus (Nees) : ise hairy in lines; the branches ‘virgate; the branchlets hirsute, bearin eads so “agar in spikes; leaves oblong- uy 3 nini Py BENE -cerente, glabrous, with scabrous margins, clasp- i scales of the involucre somewhat taa, lax; the exterior spatulate- inner "iret un See mucronate-acute, ciliate ; the bas mbranaceo- e, with a green nerve which is lat ceolate- dilated upwards. umerous, lanceolate, iive ; the disk-flowers turning rose-color : sho imidi i ent-strigulose. Pappus bro wheal Necs.—It is placed in the same in with A. Novi-Belgii, &c. an R A. bla ndus (Pursh): stem pyramidate-branched; the branches axil- P. scarcely longer than the leaves, bearing the heads in racemes; pedun- cles tomentose, naked ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, aei clasping, acuminate, serrate, glabrous; scales of the involucre lax, somewhat equal, shorter than the disk sh. prodr. 5. p. 937. ursh, fl. $ gaada, Herb. nus Oct.-Nov. Flowers —— the middle size: rays pale purple. Pursh.—Nothing farther is know especting this species. T Rs hiama us, Loi. Lan cab. t. 959 tarkat A pnis 7) is doubtless nt from Purs ^ e T > _ 76. A. hebecladus (DC.): stem slightly shrubby, slender, hirsute with a N / close spreading t(D) bran chee ioe. le aby, with few pompei ;. bearing single heads; leaves sessile, linear, entire, mucronate-acute, bo hj à Sides villose-scabrous ; the uppermost Dv ; iu of the involucre loosely v ` imbricated, linear, puberulent, acute 242. : > 4 Texas, in the eastern districts, ee me e to A, scoparius, eg X / with looser hirsu ranches, nece few heads about one-third the size. D [e WE 77. A. scoparius (DC.) : stem slightly shrubby, erect, much branched, b \ glabrous, ly puberulent at the summit; branches beet i cemose ; leaves ; ų Sessile, linear, minutely scabrous, he upper ones ciliate ; brc en ; H : v o the involucre loosely imbricated, linear, acute, ciliate. DC. p exas, in the à pam LOS Berl Mt Lu brown. Achenia puberalent DC. Doa. de he precoding a - the same section with A. ericoides, A. TM. b 78. A. mes (Lindl.): stem scabrous, lax, racemose; branches m mose at the summit ; leaves oval-lanceol ate, scabrous above, ig s -— rate; heads secund ; scales of the involucre. subulate. ‘+ Nees ti. to A. pendulus; distinguished by the branches * ASTER. COMPOSITE. 147 bearing fewer and larger heads. Lindl.—Apparently described from in- digenous specimens ; most probably one of the larger forms of A. miser. 79. A. reticulatus (Pursh) : aes aera b rece rimo. Xp stem branching above, the branches corymbose-racemose at the summit; pedun- cles nearly leafless; leaves lanceolate-oblo ib sedile; nd ges each end, with revolute margins, beneath reticulate-veined, "P involucre rather loosely imbricated ; the scales very acute. Purth, fl. 2. p. 548. F Sw li i n dry swamps of C nd eM t hi s middle-sized: rays and florets white. Pursh.—This plant has not been identified by any piu botanist; and sidera di accustomed v. v. of Pursh, we believe that he never o> Gea and aede It zo belongs vir some other genus. - A. cilia alt.): leaves lanceolate, entire, ciliate; stem 3 heat - high; heads cd nd somewhat solitary ; peduncles leafy. Walt. Car. - 209. South Carolina, Walter.—'The subsequent A. ciliatus of Willdenow is — a = orm of A. multiflorus; but this is apparently altogether a different Spec. leucanthemus of —-— € Leaves semi-cuneiform, incised-serrated ; fl A. v terminal; crown semi-10-flosculous.” Raf. in med. m -— 2) 5. p. 359. Ye mia is doubtless notthe A. eol: Desf. Nees t f Species described from garden specimens (some of them of « gin), which we have not identified with native plants. cordate clasping at the base, smooth abov e, pubescent beneath ; sa of | the slightly imbricated PAS D linear, acuminate, glandular, as also the branchlets. ie odr. 5. p. 232. Lindl.! in 82. A. precor (Willd.): stem racemose; the branches bearing few heads, naked at t in T s tie ovate-lanc eolate, serrate with spreading teeth, acuminate, tapering into an adnate [winged] petiole, mere the a brote coed — the base; the radical d petioled ; seal of the in anceolate, acute, Eom nearly equal, ioc; achenia pubes- cet Nas T "jac tuber isle hort. Té — p. 58"; tni, enum. 9. p. 328; Nees, Ast. p. 63; orth dne (?): described fo a a Lawa ei] in in dhe Bo Berlin garden. July-Aug.—We have Lege p f this apparently well-marked ^A med in the Berlin botani n ur but: we suspect it is not in. The A. j D ey large as iu A. ac ~ uHe COMPOSITÆ. ASTER. miih rather firm, shorter than the pappus. The "m are pale lilac. The is glabrous or ah pubescent, 1 to 2 feet hig ear 83. A. abbreviatus e stem ignit Pica or hairy dn lir , Tace- mose ; the branches en thyrsoid or ; lower leaves ov e, serrate, adnate-decurrent along the cli oe above, sm eath ; the upper oblong-lanceolate and somewhat entire; scales of the ucre loosely imbricated, eg ae ees, synops. p. 16; odr. P 5. » du e Cornuti, Mull. ex Nees. e acuminatus, ‘Nees. Ash». 60, not of Michx. $c. (Varies M dm branches short or elongated. E. at blue. DC. aig America? (obtained by Nees, in the e 1802, from the Marburg x rarc T Se as strangely confounded this iffe rent A. acumiintus, ichr. It resembles A. el tapering to the base, while the uppermost are smooth an erhaps it is not of American origin. - A. patulus (Lam. ): stem glabrous, racemose-pan iculate; ithe branches spreading ; : n oblong, deeply serrate, aperiog into a petiole ; the upper e glabrous, or rough w e pubescence; the lower gla- ; the ope. "rus $ 'involacte imbricated [achgnia panoni: ane EA Nr yy ; Desf.! cat. hort. Par. p. 102 5. p. 234, A. pidas Willd. spec. sa p- 2035 (in part), fide Nes A. ps righ Phytogr. bl. p. 68, t. D. f. 2, fide Nees. A. - eav ordate. et 1 ; the spreading areri branches somewhat pubescent in lines; soli e let serrate, with more or less incurved teeth ; the lowermost elliptical, tapering into a channelled tus acute, hes base and apex entire; the upper oblong and oblong-lanceol ate, much acuminate, aes. Se below, sometimes into à margined i ile. Scales of the stie imbricated in 3 to 4 series s, somewhat unequal, subu- 85. P stenophyllus (Lin 2): stem d curis racemose; the branches spreading, very densely racemose atthe summit ; cauline eaves linear-lanceolate, much Porn rather scabrous; heads secund ; scales ucre linear, acuminate; the membranaceous and c colored. 43. ga ardens. —Rays pale ners i Droes A. diffusus and A. mise 86. A. obliquus (Nees): stem gabeki below, racemo abit above, strict ; ; the e branches somewhat corymbose at ‘the summit; leaves linear- E ere ile, ntire, rous above, ebbe" , i ales larger. O ISX? xti à; Nees, Ast. p. 76; DC. prodr. 5. p. 237- paroda Desf. i leri Par. (1815) p. 122, fide Nees k DC. ASTER. COMPOSITE. 149 North America. New York, Bernhardi, ex Nees.—Heads small, lilac = white. Exterior scales of the involucre few, 1-2, linear-spatulate, or e galling the others, which are linear, nearly d and with aw ous margin. Achenia pubescent-scabrou is, to us . extreme scure species, is e by Nees between A. blandus and A. hiemal d is considered t to be the A. lanceolatus of merican authors Nees boe specimen from New York, but we cannot identify the plant. Brus —€— leaves lanceolate, somewhat clasping, entire, suc ous, with scabro argins; scales of the lax ‘involucre equal; stem (2 feet hd) hispid, perc i blass Ait. Kew. (ed. 1 > * Labrador Starwort. Native of North Amcriae Introduced, 1776, by Messrs. Gordon & Græffer. rte -Aug." Ait.l.c.—Willdenow gives the. © following character: ** Leaves lanceoate, somewhat s cat enti — at the apex, the margins scabrous; stem branched from the base, —— — hairy ; ; sca ales of the aroki e lax, es e, equal ; Mid x arks that it is nearly past flowering when ae American species conditam. Pursh, who copies the character of Willdenow, = amps an n th that of Mr. Lambert. Nees, who descri lia es both from spontaneous and cultivated wh ido rod nipe of the former is not mentioned), gives the following character: “ Leaves lanceolate, ciliate; the radical appressed-serrate ; the cauline entire; se (glabrous) pm branched or racemo ose; the branchlets loose, scattered, one-flowered ; inner scales IE 1 =. of involucre subulate." Nees, Ns . It often begins to flower, accord , in the middle of t onth of June. The heads coo said to » wen ; the rays nearly white ; the ros puberu- lent and narrowed i stipe. e have not been able to identify either the otini s jecit of skits or that of Nees (which are probably different) piane indigenous: specimens; nor do we possess specimens of the cultivated pia - A. foliolosus (Ait.): stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire, _ glabrous — of the branches much spreading; involucre imbricated, the scales . Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 202. A. ericoides Meliloti agrarie umbone, Dill Elth. p. 39, t. 35, f. 39. Fi hiemalis, Nees, Ast. p. 77? (A. salicifolius, Fonit synops. p. 26. orth America: Cult. 1732, by James Sherard, M. D. Hort. Kew.—The foliolosus of Aiton appears to have been founded upon the plant of Dincnius which Nees cites under his A. hiemalis, a species of unknown origin. e description of A. hiemalis accords s viy well with the figure of Dillenius Hi 89. A. jiu (Hoffm.) : stem racemose-compound, spreading; the branches elongated, spicate-racemose at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate, clasping, the margin scabrous, serrulate ; es of the lax invo- ON lanceolate, pees recurved, ius —“ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. p. 83, Bd. Yt. Noes, Ast. p. 65; D. dr b. p.935. A.junceus, Ait. Kew. (ed. 3) 2. p.204] A. Villd. spec. 3. p. 2047 (chiefly), fide qua: us (Lindl.): lea ear, squarrose-recurved ; branches racemose at the summit; heads | l.! in DC. L c. Joffman.) —Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, acu- minate, tapering from the base to the apex, serrulate in ; H , lilac. es of the involuere somewhat equal, linear- e; the inner colored at the apex. ern Nees. In arii "e pee epiac showy, our specimens (from the English gardens), the heads are ge and inde terne erui nearly or quite entire.—P robably this species (rather Mev’. a 2i 150 COMPOSITE. ASTER. than A. longifolius, Lam.) is the A. junceus, Ait.: we have x Seem many years since cultivated ote that name in the Liverpool botani pen det squarrulosus (Nees) : stem corymbose-decompound ; the sta hes corymbose at the summit; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat chaning, sharply serrate in the middle, the upper surface scabrous next the margins ; — of the ovate involucre narrow, imbricated, with recurved summits. e$. Ast. p. Host as see A. m utabilis, Tini? ex Nees. A. panemaan Willd. spec. 3 + pi 8, & e enum. 2. p. 886, fide Nees ; not of Ai ; not of Ait. A. recurvatus, Spreng. in i: Schrad. jour. bot. 2. p. 195, Nees. 4 ~ f. albiflorus (Nees, 1. E): ert rays white becoming | somewhat violet; ; (tbe disk at length deep pur erica.—Stem oie below. Leaves pale green. Acheni ae piece: Varies with the lower leaves inceojate and "en ees E B mutabilis, Linn it has been in cultivation for more than a century. The vam from the Berlin ¢ arden has rather large loosely c orymbose heads ; the obovate ciscus loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, pros "él: e membranaceous ; : oose and at length somewhat squarrose- ing. Achenia narrow, ngrana cip us rous. The cauline leaves are 3 to 4 inches long, 6 to 10 lines wide; the lower en at the base. It appears like a mere variety of A. longifo lius.—From this, A. argutus, Nees, of unknown origin (described from specimens er in the gardens of Bonn and Breslau), seems not greatly to 91. A. asper (Nees): stem pets above, glabrous, rough with minute tubercles; the bra c. racemose-corymbose; leaves oblong lanceolate, acuminate, partly c ion ing, scabrous above, all serrate in- te . middle; scales of the Lipnios [t a ed, with squarrose-spreading su Inits. Neti: Ast. p. 8 North America ? Describe bed from specimens derived originally from the Berlin botanic garden.—Leaves thick, firm, deep green; the cauline con- siderably attenuate at the base, the margins undulate-reflexed, with is- Lm Squarrose-spreading, e double series, pale blue or lilac: the disk yellow, turning brownish. Ache- nia obovate-cu Belg” obsoletely oe Nees.—The species is arranged “Be 92. A. brumalis solitary on the de a leaves lanceolat acuminate, partly clasping, ru ed appressed-serrate in the = Ae scabrous; scales of the "TS . pr tnus (partly), Wilid. s € 3. p. 2048, & enum. 2. p. 886, fide Nees. North America? (Indi vi p f he leaves esent emer A emissa senos deed sopa ae eei E ASTER. COMPOSITE. 151 base; the een entire or remotely denticulate, somewhat shining, deu with a mucronate point ; the others lanceolate, acute, serrulate with min appressed poe uk teeth. Heads large: rays blue. Achenia nates Nees.—According to Nees, this is the A. Novi-Belgii of many gardens: it has been, perhaps, derived from that species. 93. A. luxurians (Nees): stem paniculate; the branches corymbose-race- mose at the summit; branchlets bering sing e heads; leaves oe E or sha lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, Slan , Sharply serrate in the middle, scabrous and glaucescent Saad. scales of the involucre "ood i im- bricated, linear-lanceolate, acute. Nees, Ast. p. 83; à m 5. p. 238. A. prenanthoides, Nees, synops. p. 23 ; Link, enum. 2. more compound, and more "hairy i in lines. 4 Nes Es, Eeh. luxuri- * d . syst. 3. p. l. x Nees i ‘orth America? Sprengel. (Nees, aaia. supposing this to be the- A. Novi-Belgii of Pursh as well as at Nuttall, " copied from the former the habitat: **In hedges and old fields, New England to Virginia; Aug.- Ont. nio the synonym of Pursh is not reae He states also that h native specimens from Virginia.)—Root c seeping stoloniferous Stem 2 fect or more in height, glabrous or more or less hirsute with dec ent lines, with spreading branches at the summit; the branches et dE ded; the branchlets ! leafy, bearing single heads. Leaves approx- imate, 33 to 3 inches long, an inch wide, sharply but not coarsely serrate in t ished in s tapering at the base, and entire. Heads, including the lilac (at enh deep violet) rays, an an inch in diameter. I horte than the dns scales in several series, erect-imbricate, thick kish, unequal, linear-lan tolus, rather hanes acute, the base and ciliate — thin Noe "as tuliform herbaceous — Achenia gla . Nees This appears, as €: from the descrip as from our imper (cultivated) ines to be perhaps too closely Allied to our A. pre - A. adulterinus adic ): stem parcuinte coroner from the base; the | branches c corymbose-racemed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, clasping, smooth, the m pres scabrous ; iid of the obovate involucre some- what pem d rump ra raids squarrose, enlarged ae flowering. Nees.— Willd. e aa ; Nees; Ast. e 5. p. No rth Fun rak —Stem 14 to 2 feet high, bti in decurrent lines. Leaves ianecolate ciens somewhat shini ode the lower road serrate, ith scabrous margins; those of the branchlets y » sy -cu sq *- Wilid.—Heads mi the specimens are c ineuiligierit: for irme ination. Our s specimen of A. adulterinus from the Berlin tory deer very little from the A. tardi- florus from the same and fi 95. A. tar rdiflorus (Linn. ? Nees 3 stem glabrous, divaricate-corymbose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obliquely c ape. serrate towards the apex, the margins scabrous ; those of | the branchlets obtuse ; scales of the bé bbl imbricated, ae re i . Nees.— ) uy Mees page PER ie peste ge BP T wen p: iban, | Lindl. ! in E La ~ im COMPOSITA. m cespitosus, Hort. A. adulterinus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1571. Symphotrichium unctuosum, Nees! I stepped North America. (?) According to Pursh, it is found “in overflowed grounds from New York to Virginia; rare: ct.-Nov."-—But, notwith- description combined with that of Aiton.—This spec Be remarkable for its very corymbose habit, aaa or somewhat succ ZU: ve gs leaves (the upper hauis and those of the branches mostly entire), an and the thick and foliaceous exterior Sa of the involucre, which resemble i leaves of the branchlets. Heads middle-sized. Rays lilac. Achenia nearly glabrous Bristles of the poppus 24 united at ihe base, and separable from the achenium in the form 96. A. mutabilis (Linn.) : Mite lanceolate, serrate; involucre squarrose ; panicle anco fastigiate. Linn. spec. = 2) 2. p. North Am —The specific phrase in the first edition of the Species lantarum is poene ** A. foliis Latein calycibus imbricatis basi squar- I and the only synonym adduced is, ** A. cæ Americanus non ti serotinus Rome flore amplo floribundus,” Pluk. alm. p. 56, 1. 326 6, f. 1. (which repres a narrow entire-leaved plant with small heads) : nd A pie alae je it differs from A. serotinus (but he has no . Serotin more closely imbricated involuc ips the deep purple rays; in: i the disk-flow wers, at first yellow, change t purple. In the second edition, green adds the synonym * A. No vi-Belgii liaifolius pani- evlat s, floribus saturate violaceis,” Herm. Lugd. 65. t .67; ; and compares it ie th: Dradvecautl, Micra the former exse that it may readily be distinguished by the recurved-squarrose leaves of the peduncles and pesa "h s es new : rea lanceolate, serrate, smooth, tapering below; branchlets virgate ; it. la c. Nees cites , Some ewhat ilia aceous, lax; stem glabrous." Ai ages is own i y be A va varie aty of A o Our specimen of A. antaii from the Berlin garde n not to difer essentially ftom i s pq of the lan genous specimens of either. "The.A. mutabilis of “Lindley, me ini proba- bly of Nees, we take to be a form of A. læ 97. A. versicolor (Willd. ): : stem MCA A ee dea the branches Spy C mmy at the summit, dense ; leaves 'oblong-lanceolate, acumi- ai of the same color both s ides; the lower serrate in the middle. upper ' elaspiug, entire ; scales of zwi ánvolücré imbricated, lan- ceolate. Nees.— Willd. spec. 3. p. 2045, & enum. 2. p. 885; Nees, Ast. P 127; DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 246. North America, illde erratu a the radical oblong, tapering at each end, serrate in the peret F owers ay showy, S large tft crowded at the summit of the be hich ^? ne assigns the habitat: “In old fields and on the borders of w -ao Carolina.” Elliott remarks that the dint which passes under ASTER. COMPOSITÆ. 153 that Me n small flowers, and is therefore not so ornamental as Willdenow rung A laus (Nees): stem Eae smooth, somewhat corymbose-de- Sinn, nd at the summit; the branches corymbose and much crowded; leaves oblong-lance acuminate, with a cordate-clasping base, appr ressed- serrate in the middle, the qo gags Mu: ; involucre imbricate. Nees, Ast. p. 126; v prodr. 5. vn 245 ; not of zo ' heads are said to be Wies biei and the rays pere. not changing to violet, as in A. versicolor, under which name it is cultivated: in some gardens, according to Nees. Achenia glabrous. 99. 4. strictus nei stem glabrous, strict, racemose-decompound ; t the branches strict, c ctate; leaves lanceolate, E oe clasping, somewhat serrate in tbe middle, scabrous towards the pires n cre Ni Mna imbricated. JNees.— Poir. suppl. 1. p. 498; Nie, 4 Ast. p 124; DC. e (excl orth America.—‘ Resembles A. Lewes from which it differs by its shorter branches; the leaves more (a ppre d-) scabro us towards the mar- us; the larger ped the closely ibid involucre, which is scarcely -Subsquarrose even in the terminal head ; the OW, elongated and somewhat distant lilér-colofét rays, which in that speciclllge paler, a little shorter, and approximate.” Nees. This author however does not place it in the section which includes A. drm bat Pata = stints between A. Chilensis and A. mutabilis. We hav E The A. strictus 8., Ps dts in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. ME p pii uisus different. from the A. lax of the same work. - A. onustus (Nees): stem racemose-compound, decurved ; the bran la "- pe at the summit; leaves — to each end, partly c clasping, appressed-serrate in the middle, the margins scabrous; heads at secund, on short etes scales of the short involucre —€— d, re scarcely equalling the disk. Nees, Ast. p. 122; DC. pa . p. 245. À. confertus, Desf. ca kaloi: Par. ed. 3. p. 401, not of Nees, B. squarrosus (Lind l.): leaves of the tanih tines parece (Culti- pu eir ies pe gardens under the name of A. Tradescanti czruleus.) orth America? but the origin very doubtful.—Nees compares it with his A. amplexi vue A. mutabilis, and A. levigatus (all of which are probably included under our A. levis) ; but states the heads to more like those of s eads crowded, Beers with EA ron pale blue rays; x scales of the torbinate i involucre not densely imbricated, lanceolate, with a membranaceous margin, ciliate. Achenia glabrous. Me 101. A. purpuratus (Nees): stem somewhat simply evaserit leaves narrow] ; the branches elongated and bearing single ; lat , l i + i brous ar gins, sh i the ^ the Meise cm pice he of gg tr numerous, lanceolate, spreading, entire, equal and woe Be distant; scales of the turbinate involucre unbricated, lanceolate, wi Mure Los js $ 25 di ek qM prodr. 5. P. 244. A. miser, Lam. dict. 1. p. E und on e North Janis Cultivated for years at the Garden of Plants, Paris, under the name of A. miser. ucre several series, not not rigid, lanceolate-trian. gular, whitish at the base, with pur- plish tips, all’ similar the inner nearly the length of the de dur; V voL. 11.=20 154 COMPOSITAE. AsTER. most about half that length. Rays short, ge ae. exque. ; the disk turning purple. Achenia linear-cuneiform us.—Placed by Nees at e commencement of his Concinni: Dr. Li ie P compares with it his A. azureus, and A. RAN We have seen no spec 102. A. retroflexus (Lindl.): stem compound-racemose; the branches short and leues single de ads; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very gla- brous; those of the branches ee n recurved, d: scales of the hem mispherical involucre linear-lanceolate, squarrose. Lindl.! in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 hen America.—Disk whitish, scarcely changing. Rays blue. DC.— We are uncertain V agi this is described from cultivated or indigenous specimens. No farther particulars are given. It is placed between A. azureus and A. fib vont „of John arne catat: ro j e- x". but i is not cited at author or by wrissnedliog writers. It is said to have been b rough Virginia, and to bear “pretty large flowers, which are of a very pale bluish ölk: pd. to white § 4. Scales of the involucre nearly equal, loose, narrow, scarcely or slightly imbricated, more or less herbaceous : receptacle naked, scrobiculate: appen- dages of the style triangular, short: pappus of capillary bristles: rays numerous : stems often low and simple, bearing solitary or few large heads. se saranda Kunth, evel. spec. ? aes: Dna Nees, nis besc p. 872; Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 88; Bot. mag. t. 199; Nees, a p? ; Hook.! ! prodr. 5. p. 297 dne ce Mountains, in lat. 5 , Drummond !—Heads, with the blue rays, 1 nches in diameter, showy Radical leaves petioled.— The American plant resembles Siberian form: 104. A. pygmeus (Li indl.) : villous; stem bearing a single head ; leaves at lengik nearly glabrous, obtuse, entire, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-n nerved ; .the r og me spatulate-oblong or aes eet the cauline ben t à very villous involucre linear, obtuse, s aririh spreading-— Lindl.! in Hook.f. Bor Am 2. p. 6, & in DC. pr 5. p. 228. vs Peri Richardson /—Plant about 2 inches s high. Head large for the size of the plant ; the rays scarce pA = wice HE e length of the involucre- — Smaller specimens À DC.) / (A. Argunensis, fide in oe longer rays and more hirsute . Rocky an Na in Ridge, i near the line ce perpet Mg C snow in lat. 42°, bont thin e tre evel of he sea, Nuttall !—Root wiry ASTER. COMPOSIT X. 155 and slender, sending up small clusters of decumbent stems, 3-4 inches high. eicere sc wei an inch long, rather coriaceous. Head about half as large us aae A. glacialis (Nutt.): sant thickish, not creeping; stem low, erect, utely pubescent mars often nearly leafless, bearing a single head ; leaves spatalateblong and lan pag entire, glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved; the cauline small, acute, Har am clasping; scales of the involucre numerous, ee NM, E FRAN PURIS, appressed, about the length of the disk. in p? ky Mou BOK Ag with the preceding. Nuttall apogr about 3 inches high, bearing 2-3 small leone. and a head about the size of the preceding, but with desee d shorter rays. Radical leaves 1 e bn long, thickish, with somewhat scabrous margins. Pappus EE scabrous. Involucre much like that of A. salsuginosus, brownish, somewhat viscid. - A. salsuginosus (Richards.): stem simple, leafy, bearing 1 to he may pubescent above with iino hairs; leaves linear-obovate and pe ceolate, apiculate-acuminate, mostly gui veiny, somewhat pubescent ; the radical and lower cauline tapering into argined petiole, the upper sessi and partly B nie tho ; apaes: of the involuere narrowly linear or linear-subu- pas" Nees Ast. p. 34; : Bongard ! "d ene ig l. c. p. 148; DC.! P. 8. stem stouter and larger, often bearing 3-5 heads; lower and radic Pera broadly spatulate or obovate; the upper r oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo- salsu TE scales of the involucre somewhat glandular.— suginosus (a.) -/ bot. edd E mes & fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6; Hook & Arn. Xoedos suppl. p Subarctic das from. the salt plaius of the Athabasca, Richardson! and the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! to Kotzebue's nM: the N. W. Coast ! jj Sende Sitcha, and the interior of California (Oregon ?), Douglas '—Plant 6 to 18 och high, = a tee histon, and large heads (the peduncles thickened at the summit); the rays 30 or more, 6 to 8, or even 10 aap ong, purple? Radical and Piva [ndr ^r paraa ; including the margined petiole: varies from 3 = to an inch in wid nearly Bhabious when old. Pappus densely scabrous.—In all the specimens we have examined, the scal F the involucre aint in n fact nearly the length of the disk, although their recurved summits cause them to appear much shorter. In the A. Unal ig i ic the involucre is more pubescent o or hairy, and scarcely glandular or viscid, and less recurved. "The specimens the Serie es t Coast, collected be Ms. pom are intermediate in this Tespec 108. A. peregrinus di stem Somewhat simple, erect, glabrous, hir sute above, eads at mit; leaves sessile, remote, oblong-lanceolate, oie acute, Perot ry scales of the involucre lan- ceolate-linear, very acute, villous, loose, as ae as the disk ; rays numerous (heads large, violet). Pursh, fl. 2. p. 556 ; Dc. va a 6 p. 228. "A. ilesii A H oast 3 Unalaschka, D. Nelson, Fo er (Norfolk beris inclines fe: A. Dinom Lindl. ; description of Nees is drawn inclines to refer to A- walls dot sued fees iichn is supposita ii ^ E 156 COMPOSITE. ~“ ^ Aster. the same. We have a fragment collected by Eschscholtz which accords with Pursh’s character. 109. A. foliaceus (Lindl.): stem simple? racemose; leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, cem somewhat serrate, glabrous ; heads terminating the iem branchlets; scales of the involucre RE ince nes glabrous. Lin DD. onis. 5. . 998. A. peregrin €88. nea, l. c. ? ex DC. Una er Fischer.—Species debile for "i sales of ‘the involucre, which resemble the rameal leaves: peduncle tomentose. DC.—De Can- dolle == ai that in his own specimen, likewise received from Fischer, the es of the denies are ists instead of spreading, ciliate instead o dn Tabir the leaves obtuse at the base; the stems slightly hairy, with the hairs here and there sickle in lines. a gc Gan (Pursh): slightly pubescent Md minute scattered ios leaves very numerous, narrowly linear; stems slender, branched at th mmit ; owed branches somewhat c simple, pro foiodrel into slender naked pedu A terminated by single (small) heads ; scales of the involucre linear-subu late, loose, scarcely in a double series, Ger the length the disk; achenia minutely bairy- gr 2. on ichards. ! appx. Fran hi. j ourn. ed. 2. p. 32; Lindl.! in DC. pr ala- tella gramiifii, Hook. ! f. Bor. -Am. 2. p. 15. me ME Michz.! fl. 9. p. 1 upper portion, or peduncle, leafless or nearly so, 2-3 inches long. Leaves an inch or more in length, acute or mucronulate, se a conspicuous m midrib, and the broader ones ror di — veinlets or ramified nerves. Heads about a third of an inch in diameter; the in rein "pééiuibling an Erigeron. Rays 15-25, fertile, purple or pte ned iih —— than the disk. Ap- pendages of the style very short, triangular. Achenia narrow, compr ressed, s-hirsute under a lens.—This plant bears no y Mill resemblance to Aster roseus, Stev. (Calimeris rosea, DC.) ; which, however, has larger heads, r and more Aye ual and imbricated scales of the involucre, silky- villous achenia, & § 5. Scales of Tie poa imbricated involucre with membranaceous OF scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips or appendages, often carinate, MN unequal: appendages of the style lanceolate, sometimes oblong 0T triangular : receptacle alveolate (flat): bristles of the pappus capillary, -—Ortnomenris. (Calimeris, Nees, Lindl., DC., in part; of Cass. Species of Heleastrum, DC. Eucephalus, Xylorhiza, & Gala- eic Calianthus, Nutt.) i a fo won ween to olere, but t hardly to bé i: ved fom Sate Dy Tripolium as a subgenus; and A. acuminatus, Micht., P ; P La € n y ey ve 3 ¥ T Aeris t ^ COMPOSITE. d 157 A. Tartaricus (Linn. f.), DC. will perhaps form a me (i sec ised) the D: group. viz u- nd C. integrifolia: the genu laced ai. to Boltonia ur Sir W ooker’s herbarium, two plants (collested. at Simla bY ousie), iod similar in habit and foliage, are | d 'Calimeris flexuosa' r.i Dr. Lindley, either of which altogether accords haracter given by De Candolle. Bo have d and perfectly flat receptacle, a loose invol f two seri cales; the exterio equ more or less foliaceous. One of them has and shorter than the achenia; it therefore belongs to De Candolle’ ame us $ Calimeridei (certainly not a congener of D. linariifolius, &c.), and is pro h asperulus, esents a simpl eous-subulate pappus, shorter than the achenia and not exceeding roper tube of orolla, nearly similar to pappus of n preceding e which it nearly resembles. 'The two should doubtless be united in the sa new ? Es a8 whi mi a the Aster peduncularis, Wail. ! P ) $ ay re ! cat. no. 2967 (Am — ncularis, D C. prodr. also belongs. 'T'he pappus of the latter is ASe ian ouble, and the rays doubtless not yellow. * Scales of the hemispherical involucre unequal, narrowly lanceolate or — loosely imbricated in 9 or 3 series: alveoli of the receptacle toothed and of the style lanceolate: achenia glandular oe rao heads loosely dinis: leaves ample, cuneiform-lanceolate, coarsely toothed ds the summit, pinnately veined. This section might include Aster eee at + Sa DC.; which has more obtuse appendages to the style, and broader hairy ac lll. A. acuminatus — stem simple, ss pubescent or hairy, panicutate- corymbose at the summit; the peduncles slender; leaves dsc a — = eaneior-lancolate, conspicuously —MÓ or in- cisely toothed above, the n base, entire, gla -— s above, rig fine Shin: ; sales of wa soh lax, membran ous, acuminate; a. rap nia erae oblong; n — Michx. ! fl 2. ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. poepen d. de ed. 2 p. 312; Hook. bol. mag. t. 27T, & f- fs e 9 ; not of Nees. A. diffusus var. acuminatus, Pers. syn. 2. p. 447. rice phim acuminatum, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 273. In deep rich woods, Canada! to the ‘mountains of Virginia; not uncom- iy gla a fan nie to half an inch ir dinitiie: ales o the path anis ndi Wives membranaceous throughout, often purple, the innermost linear, very acute, about the length of the disk ; the exterior suc- cessively shorter. Rays 12-18, elo ira bine often tinged My. Magia ppen of the anthers subulate-lanceolate. Appendages le subulate-lanceolate. Bristles o mre pap meom similar.— There is proper exter +} nor are the bristles more unequ il than in many genuine Aste: * * Scales of the turbinate-hemispherical p narrowly linear-lanceolate, r closely imbricated in about 3 series; the innermost scarcely as long as thé disk; the exterior shorter, zug g alveoli of the receptacle short, denti- culate : branches of the style b linear, terminated with a short aculish appendage: binate, turgid, 6-8-ribbed, pappus copious, obscurely scabrous leaves crowded, la Lay ety he er ae HM ME nately veined, minutely globules : -3 pethidine Brandus. (Galatella § Calianthus, Nutt.) | 158 T COMPOSITÆ. ; ASTER. 112. A. nemoralis qm ): partner -puberulent; stem very leafy, slender, simple or corymbose ; leaves somewhat rigid, lanceolate or i ev i imes obscurely toothed; those of the slender simple branches or peduncles subulate ; rays te —Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 198; Willd. spec. 3. p. 9091; Nutt. 2. p. 154. A. uniflorus, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 110 (stem simple). A. ledifolius, Pursh! fl. 9. p. 544. A, ee ig ! mss. in herb. Arn. & Hook. Galatella MIRA Nees, Ast. p. ; Hook.! ft. Am. 2. p. €: Man prodr. 5. p. 257; Nutt.! in Es Amer. phil. 7. Bogs and EU red Newfoundland, Pylaie! Dr. Morrison! Mr. Cor- mack! Nova Scotia (ex Ait.) and Canada (from Lake Mist dius, AA Michauz !) to Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene! and swamps in the pine barrens of New Jer- ug.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high, oen aec qe simple and bear- d, us branches, lr terminated Y " hea ew [Anar CM ve. Leaves pale green, 10 to 20 lines long an o4 wide, pepe acutish at each end, and ti i less; the lower with a prominent midrib and c aci nés strong primary * * * Scales of the broadly hemispherical involucre laai imbricated in about 2 series, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, carinate below, herbaceous, with scarious mar- gins; the inner about the length of the disk, the exterior rather shorter : “ receptacle flat, alveolate” (Nutt.): appendages of the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong, compressed, min c silky: pappus of copious rather rigid u ie bristles, about the length of t corolla of the disk: root or caudex woody, bearing numerous dwarf mostly Vr ott ems, , terminating in a naked peduncle: jg large, solitary: leaves thickish, entire, somewhat 3-nerved, mucronulate; the lower linear-spatulate; the uppermost linear-lanceolate. (Xylorhiza, Nutt.) poe character to distin - wis: nee of Nuttall from the gg veel alimeris Altaica, Nees, € , Lindl, &e. belong; except ndages of the style are narro 113. A. "(hen leaves and scales of the e" canescen what villous or tomentose, tipped with a rigid mucronate point; [2 ume e a villosa, Nutt. ! in trans. pos . phil. soc. (n. ser.) E dura argilla. e Rocky Mountains, and on rocks towards the sources of té inel Nut Root long, fusiform, pe icular: nens 4—6 inches high, minutely pubescen lat Scarious a P the innermost), tapering } into & cuspidate point. 15 or more, large, much longer than the disk, -— P (ut) uie SUP NA brow: oni gga, what strongly scabrous.— The vx eui villous) sc mee appears as if deciduous, in whic case it will pro probably be difficult to distinguish ne following- ASTER. COMPOSIT #. 159 114. A. glabriusculus : lower leaves pubescent; the upper nearly gla- brous, ae pine acute ; pete solitary or 3-5 together, short.— Xylorhiza glabriuscula, Nutt. ! With the pr = Nuttall The E er leaves (about 2 inches long, Pcr: Fa i esie clothed with a similar pubescence - e» di ceding; and the of the involucre are nearly glabrous, with m b vans Br sty th e scarious margins are somewhat donticniane-cithale 4 in both. The ra rays are di to be pale rose-color. * * * * Scales of the turbinate-campanulate involucre regularly imbricated in 3 to 4 series, ovate, concave, somewhat carinate (acute or obtuse); the innermost about the length of the disk; the exterior successively shorter, but similar: alveoli of the recep- tacle lacerate : per qa of the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong, compressed, villous : pappus copious, rather longer than the corolla; the bristles unequal, a few of the longest pam obscurely thickened towards the summit: stems several from a woody root, simple, very leafy : leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat rigid: dedi (rather small) in contracted Pu (Eucephalus, Nutt., excl. spec. no. 2 & 4.) Nuttall’s first species, Sanpa ean is much more allied to the third, E. rd Lagatea) glaucus, than to his E. albus. The fourth, E. ericoides, is a Dip Ja pappus. e two plants here Geta, if we except their fertile ra: d narro a baai to the style, accord in habit and character with ichi impunctate species but especially the ape si the innermost series of the pappus much more evi- dently clavate than E. e nargins, somew pose dte heads in a co ye co scales of the rs espe esce in- volucre sire acute, pubescent, with d cia fringed inky ag rays few hx or 7, Nutt. — .—Eucephalus elegans, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer il. soc. (n. ser.) 7. Plains Uy ew Oregon, and in the Blue Mountains, Nuttall! | Sept.-Oct.— tems 2-3 ae t high clothed with MN erect leaves Fade are 1 to 2 coming late. Bristles of hes pappus unequal; the in obscurely thickaned towards the ape 116. A. glaucus: very s rm eod [aget somewhat glaucous; stem often branching above; leaves oblong-linear, closely sessile, l-nerved, reticu- late-veined ; heads in contracted corymbs, rac of 160 COMPOSITE. ASTER. ** © t Seales of the somewhat hemispherical involucre closely imbricated in 3-4 un- equal series, shorter than the disk, oblong, obtuse ; the exterior somewhat carinate ing into tudidaie bracts; the interior with broad membranaceous margins : pes of the receptacle entire: "Eas of the style lanceolate: achenia oblong, very gla- brous: pappus anie i as the corolla, unequal ; the longer bristles clavellate- thickened at the apex: simple : leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, scabrous: heads (rather small) ia tg giis of pala DC.) . A. ptarmicoides: stems several from a somewhat woody rhizoma, basé above ; leaves rising e — somewhat shining, smooth or scabrous, with very scabro argins ; the igi elongated, often slightly and remotely toothed, dora e pe ye ase or somewhat petioled ; corymb fastigiate, simple or compound ; scales of the jii rather obtuse; rays 12-18, linear-oblong, short.—Chrysopsis alba, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 152. Doellingeria pinigicoi ides, Na. Ast. p. 183. Topicpappus albus, Hook. ! or.- Am. Ee .21; ir A ! in ann. lyc. New York, 3. p. D. E. micoides, Lina "rb. Heleastrum album, DG rodr. 5 lbus, "Willd. ? Eucephalus albus, Nutt. ! in ers soc. (m. 7. p. 299. B. heads fée dE solitary AS dl. ! in DC. I. c.) y. leaves nearly all Koruuhed with 3 or 4 sharp spreading teeth on each sida: stem very scabrous above ; inner scales of the involucre rather broad- er.—Heleastrum album y. DC. l. c. (Lindl. ! ry soil, or rocky banks of streams, from the Missouri, near Fort Man an! to Saskatchawan! Lake Superior! Wisconsin! Michigan! Upper Canada along the Great Lakes! to the banks of Black River, Jefferso County, New York! Po Mr i ins 1. July-Sept— y q at witha minute u e brous v gins, or often sparsely ciliate oiee ihe us with a Mong midrib and tw more or less distinct lateral nerves, anastomozing towards the summit; de radical ceo. taper 3 to 6 inches long, 3-4 lines wide, linear-lanceolare, or ob ually into a more or less distinct petiole; t E. less narrowed at t ase 3 — X. » linear-subulate. Corymb spr g. olucre ne glab: E ales hat inpenisiaie-i m ME pum m embranaceous, narrowly oblong, slightly ape shorter th the disk. Rays pt ure w pbi ite. Pappus soft, white.—It ot probable tbat this is the Aster albus, Willd. herb. & Spreng., a ici of sad bcne origin, which is said to have oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse an nerveless —€— leafy branches, pea elongated rays.— plant has little agreement wit is De Candolle's Heleastrum paludosum, besides the clavellate pappus; à racter which equally exists in some other divisions of Aster, in a few spe cies of Galatella, &c. .. 118. A. lutescens: rmn -scabrous throu. eeen — ra tque acute, scarcely nerved ; elongated and deen a petiole, somewhat serrulate ; the ior aed oblong-linear ; sentis d ipio or rather com cr | ; scales of the involucre oval or oblong, very ro ne par . See " T t, cauline an inch or less in length, and in proportion. is as long as the disk (but the lowers are not fully developed, so that Aster. COMPOSITE. 161 character may not be relied upon), and the scales are broader than in the preceding. Mr. Douglas has labelled - Spent", “ flower yellow”, but the rays appear to have been at most o If this be the case, it is doubtless a distinct Nen i x nno, it may prove to be only a variety of the preceding, as Hooker $6. Scales of the involucre imbricated in few-several series, membranaceous or chartaceous with scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips, usually very acute ; the exterior shorter and passing into scale-like bracts : recepta- cle somewhat alveolate: rays numerous (rarely even in a double series): ap- pendages of the style subulate from a broad base, or triangular, acute: bristles of the pappus soft and capillary, nearly equal : achenia amprbénd; often striate: annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, and natives of salt marshes: leaves thickish or succulent, narrow, usually 4 estre. —ÓOxrTRiPO- tium, DC., under Tripolium. (Tripolium (‘or p sect. of Aster,’) § Astropolium, Nutt.) * Scales of the involucre regularly and closely imbricated in. 2 nu $ Series : TAYS CX- serted, in a single series (heads large): perennial. e-oblong, acute or acuminate, the exterior E dae achenia cwn compressed, very du iva, Middle Fike, Dr. A. W. Chapman !—Stems 2 feet or more in height, virgate, not in the least flexuous, striate with lines produce the midrib of the leaves. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long ; the cauline about a line wide at the appressed base, tapering to the subulate ap x, successively reduced upwards to so an inch or less in length, rather rigic not — n the margins; the uppermost sometimes ci ; » tang large n À. dino osus 3 = scales of the involucre broade ms io: uh, with a very narrow but distinct and ind margin. Rays 20 or more, large ines Sa of an inch long ui bluish-purple. Corolla of the disk sparsely esame below Jointed hairs. Appendages of the ne m ovate-triangular, acute, flat, s — oblong stigmatic portion. Pappus capillary, ne n ina is as ong as the — of the disk. Aie “of the receptacle toothed.—A very és Sen spec 120. A. flexuosus s (Not): — smooth and glabrous; stem flexuous, dichotomous ; the branches d fke a ag M (large) Lara heads; l i k $ wer te, , eret: mrap -subulate, thick thic. aod f ja y uA A dc remiss ! 8, ! P- 7, ichx. Tri m? Walt. Car. RN. Tripolium flore £M sod ichr. A, dose, E ME Tp. f ap maces terminante, i . 954. Be er ae Nees, Pie ve 139; DE:! me Le 1 w Gece 1 Florida! d mp 1.-21 162 COMPOSITE. — ASTER. Sept.-Oct.—Stem erect or ascending, 6-20 inches high; the whole ene Leaves succulent, 3-6 in long; those of the branches reduced to ovate-subulate acuminate pi 4 un B & $. et e I] R o 8 E Án" e e TE e So e [e] [7 [^2] m e Heads few, about half an inch in diameter. Rays about 20, pale purple; oblong-linear, moderately exserted. Achenia oblong-linear. * 9 Scales of the involucre in 2-3 series : rays more or less distinctly in a double series, very short; the ligules scarcely exceeding the pappus, or sometimes wanting : annual. (Conyzopsis.) _ 121. A. angustus: stem strict; the branches erect, racemose leaves » acute, - magie scales of the hemispherical amines linear, acute, in about 2 series, somewhat equal; ligules extremely short, or want- ing; achenia densely and ceret d hirsute-pubescent.—'Tripolium angus- t dl.! in Hook m. C. 5. p. 254. atchawan, and aid the Rocky Mobi. Drummond ! Slave gpr ant a foot or in hei with numerous strict megis! ut he sledile? leaves. Hea ds as large as in the piste. racemose (either w or num das s) on the bra em on scales of the involucre rgins. T hich is often much shorter din à style. Corolla of the disk re = bir 122. A. eae (Linn.): very mon: and glabrous; stem erect, race- mosely branched or compound; the branches erect-spreading, bearing nume-, rous or paniculate heads ; pus linear or narrow kis lanceolate, at- tenuate-acute or acuminate, entire ; owerm pering into a petiole ; of the branches subulate ; dm of the cylindraceous involucre linear- subulate, unequal, in about 3 series; giro somewhat in two series; the S 5s "E FN © £o & EE UE M as œ - A mẹ 2 B Ait, Wi 2p: 154; EID sk. "p. 21. ! fle Bost. ed. 2. p.30 is Tongifolis aL? Poir. suppl. 1. p. el Tripoli PACA Nees, Ast. P- 156 (in part); DC. prodr. 5. p. 254, partly. ee marshes, Massachusetts! to anal Carolina! Sept.-Oct. —Stem 1-3 feet high, stout, erect, herd much branched, with numerous paniculate or corymbose-paniculate heads, which are 4 to 5 ih in length. Leaves rather fleshy ; the lower 4 to 6 inches long, 3 to 4 lines broad, narrowed is ale low, pai as the inner fully as long as the disk. Ray-flowers about 30, with very short the di y- RAE mito poem often shorter than the capillary pappus; the € eder a single series. Receptacle almost naked: n- t it is ma e e after t ture.—The A. subulatus of Michaux, as well as the Tripolium subulatum of subsequent re ete doubtless includes both this a and the following species; but Michaux’s character is at least derived from the present species, which moreover is alone found so far north as P. wee P But if we may rely upon our — = JE the | ium of the Hortus Cliffortianu pon their au- : described is the original A. iiis s (he A A. 408); corymbose eee Linn. hor : * or omina. may revert without increasing di esiste since A. linifolius of of subsequent authors i isa Galatella, and peer only a variety * ; ASTER. COMPOSIT Æ. 163 of G. hyssopifolia. If this view should prove incorrect, the name of A. subu- = latus, Michx. ought perhaps to be retained for Ard rather than the following, to which, however, d is more appropria There is no specimen nder e name of A. linifoliu the Linnean hé Bariai and the plant which, in the Species Pla naris; is cited froin Gronovius (the Tripolium flore unico caulem terminante, cujus radii purpurei et longi, &c., Clayt.) is A. flexuosus, Nutt. * * * Scales kd the involucre in 2-3 series: rays exserted, in a single series. glabro rns; smi erect or ascending, di Fesely much Fieri the branc = branchlets slender; leaves linear-subulate, very acute, with fers i minutely denticulate-scabrous margins; the ili ion narrowly linear, ta- pering to the base ; those of the branches subulate, very small ; heads (small) scattered, loosely paniculate ; ; scales of the tuftinsiE- ey a involucre linear- subulate, very acute, membranaceous, unequal, imbricated in about 3 i r than is i “galt marshes, South Carolina and vasi (Key West!) to «pei and swamps in saline prairies of Western Louisiana! Arkansas a i t ar nt; sively shorter and ad be from the base; those of the branchlets reduced to subulate bract8. Heads e-third to one-half smaller than in the preceding species. Scales ji ue involocre very narrow, greenis ish, with broad scarious L he pointed scales of the ventas. and less exserted rays; it is tinct species 194. A. Oreganus (Nutt. under Tripolium) : stem rather tall, flexuous, E divaricately branched; cauline leaves rather long, linear-sub arly equa pan entire, scabrous on the margin; scales of the involucre - ee hn i imbricate, . slightly acute, erbaceous; rays Nutt.—Tripolium Oreganum, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. : n the inu eee banks of the eere m dede d Bee A consp icuous, what fastigiate. utta ies aas not come ^ r our e ndeciisiss We xe inclined (both from the description and the habitat) to suppose it the same, ERN. as the Tripolium subulatum f. ees (Aster subulatus, Less.), from the Sandwich Islands. 195. A. exilis (EM.) : — strict, slender, glabrous, with a few scattered simple branches, bearing solitary or racemose heads; leaves narrowly linear, e ed, subulate-acute, entire, with the argo brs scabrous ; of the branches much shorter; scales of the involucre tse; acute, €— imbricared in about 3 series; rays (about 164 COMPOSITE. ASTER. 20) exserted ; achenia slightly pubescent.—Ell.! sk. 2. p. 344; DC. prodr. od soils in the western districts of Georgia, Elliott ! Sept.-Oct.—Root Abperenty annual. **Stem 4-5 feet high, erect, ve aye slender, s a few Scattering branches, cick pa PB summit become corymbose. Lower leaves 4 to 6 inches long, scarcely exceeding a line in width, ae slightly al e mares the uppe in s, on peduncles 2 to 4 lines long. Florets of the ray pet tees as long as the involucrum, pale purple; of the disk Yel Ell.—We have Ted seen taba specimen in Elliot's herbarium. It is allied to the preceding, but is a much more strict plant; the broader Pe o ia pointed scales of the inv. ets more rigid, &c. wi ya Md: a cian (Nutt tt.) : pe stem ac ae Psat simple, of a acemo (linea lancet scales of the hemispherical Leva "detaely viscid- ubescent; leaves s ubübile- iine ear, some eshy ; the lowermost linear, 3-ne ig taperin g into a slender p etiole, piloak: those of the pn subulate, scattered, somewhat viscid rays (15-24) rather short; acheni narrow, obscure diviate, nearly glabrous.—Nutt.! gen trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 292. Tripolium subulatum, Nees, y p. 167; Hook.! fl. Bor du. 2 ^w d 15; Lindl.! in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 ^ Margin of saline springs, near Fort Mandan on the Missouri, alt to ; &c. Drum the Saskatchawan mond! Aug.—Stem 8-20 inches high, rather rigid, PY flexuous; the heads (about as ee ek in A. sei iri ia early so the simple or dichotomous bra inches long ; the upper a line wide, partly cla sirtar, dee: nd Pi "id argins vasi if E all scabrou s. Scales of the involucre in about 2 nip acute, with scari argins eed shorter than the disk, loose. Rays pale purple, Siarada Pa ca ed ne ertt in a single seri nia be a few very m pits outed hairs. aude. slightly sito Fa i is a somewhat peculiar species, but it is certainly an oe ripolium (with which it accords 1 in habit,) rather than an oe s Aste and there incisely nuiki aware phew lt states the se Ga s a ar subherbaceous, ps equal; rays as long as the disk (pale blue); achenia smooth, scarcel "me compressed. Nut PERS or sins: in the Rocky Mox 7000 uk seats the Sok creeping, slender : stem slender, four inches to a foot d mm iii lan: ip sien: tA ete and “ofien the margins f the leaves are a little ROM. and the rays are much exserted be the disk. The | linear-oblong achenia are clothed with a minute appressed — The | root is probably perennial. “e ` not clasping; * mary e + tenes Ge spectábilis su as large as in A. s —— À ASTER. COMPOSIT E. 165 198? A. frondosus (Nutt. under Tripolium): stem much branched; leaves “nashi t, clasping, rather ORUM Sgen ampas apice of the involucre, loose and leafy, rather obtuse; rays erous, very small slender ; rf ia d smooth, about 4- rinin. "Nutt Pus ium o DEB polium) frondosum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer . phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. * Mud nds in the Mountains, near Lewis River of the Anse rare: growing imd in the water, and mud. Apparently biennial, with very A ei cuous flow Wers, and M pa ay leafy — — involucrum of about 2 series of leaflets.” JNutt.—Our specimens very es and the ak not fully Le e gi ? A. spinosus (Benth.): glabrous, much branched; the branches rush-like, furnished with minute scattered sca ee like leaves, Mice s i i i eads 0 bricated in 2-3 series, unequal, shorter than the disk, datbesiiin, wi i branaceous "s geh Fie short; achenia very gla abrous.— Benth. ! "Tm dee scm 3) dnte * The "tia species reached us too late for insertion in the sections to which they belong § 2. CALLIASTRUM, p. 106. - A. mirabilis: pubescent-scabrous; stem wien sparingly corymbose- 3 ose-scabrous above ; the lowest bios (tse un lens when young), striat Columbia, ely hairy unde a (probably in dry soil), Protini Gibbes! Sept. 1-2 feet or more in height, agnis i ig simple, eae oe with a close be : sometimes 4 or 5 h somewhat crowded at the summit. ticki when old, rather strongly pinnately veined Rag more or less reticu- serrate =e ase to the apex with close ucronate teeth ; ‘the lower surface less scabrous and more pp oflen somewhat hoary; the cauline 1-3 inches er iriure ovate, but the upper gradually diminishing i in size, all but = Teide closely sessile, he branches similar bu uch Mei iq obtuse, west cauline aon into a l oma round ; peg lo | bei ia er = 1 . Involucre minutely 'ubes coriaceous in in texture, yw f f — COMPOSITE. ASTER. closely imbricated, with rather short, but conspicuous, squarrose or roflexed ? ob tee tips. ays large, thrice ^; len gth o of the involucre, blue chenia narrow a nd slender, many-striate, somewhat shorter Sion «^. dis Fiber rigid (brownish or ferrugino Kw unequal pappus; the innermost bristles of which are manifestly thickened towards the apex. Appendages `; of D. This v n Seien and at length recurved or re exed, as in hi eresti i racter an apy earance between sod roup and our subgenus alliastrum. We C lina, who collected it at Columbia ain the ear 1 e De commixta, . . i to have a squarrose involucre, has (fide descer. por o cog ance and . c cor nd an involucre resembling 2 toaetophyut, as long as the disk; the ` scales oblong-la ect acute his species should be placed at ~ the commencement of the section Callaiun, before A. Radula. T $ 3. AsTER proper, Subdiv. Concinni, p. 115. . 131. A. gracilentus : very smooth peri DOTS E d — "8 3 strict, simple, loosely paniculate or somewhat corymbos the summit; cauline leaves linear, elongated, eh see bp rn ‘dupa clasp- P or acuminate; t lowe r coarsely toothed or incised above the middle, the upper entire; those of the branches and br anchlets Mi Bao small E «a É shorter than the disk) closely imbricated in 3 or 4 eor appressed, tance 2 ^ late, ac es the exterior very short; achenia glabro ics Lincolnton, North Carolina, Mr. M. A. Curtis der SER rigid, purple, 2-3 t feet highs pas eas only at = summit; the branches oon branchlets slender, spreading, terminated by solitary he ads, which are smaller than in m a A. levis. wide, 1-nerved, beg peticulate-vein ed, somewhat shining above, very MEUS vis, ve serie’ this species from a single speci iod which i is béwerer s0 reni ahs that it is scarcely liable to be coniubá with any other. 27. ERIGERON. Linn. (excl. spec. bs. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 146. : ! Erigeron, Stenactis, & Phalacroloma, DC.; and also Polyactidium? & Heterocheeta? ts Heads mostly hemispherical, many flowered ; the ray-flowers very nu ume- Fo rous and usually in more than one series, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect; or some of the exterior (rather transformed ray-flowers) filiform- tubular and truncate, pistillate. Scales of the involucre mostly equal, n _ row, in a single or somewhat double series. Receptacle flat, naked, pu e w scrobiculate. Appendages of the style very short and obtuse. . . compressed, usually pubescent, MID with 2 lateral nerves. Pappus # oo Dn qe vv (2-0) asume kt QE B d: h x s z^ ERIGERON. COMPOSITE. 167 often with minute sete intermixed or forming an indistinct outer series, or sometimes with a distinct and short, squamellate-subulate or setaceous (or + somewhat coroniform) exterior pappus ; the inner rarely wanting in the ray. —Hlerbs, or rarely suffrutescent plants; with entire, toothed, or lobed leaves. Heads solitary, corymbose, or paniculate. Rays white, blue, or purple. * It appears to us oem to effect generic divisions among these plants, by characters derived from the single or double series of rays, or from the simple or double pappus, or pues any combination of these. The c aracttrs of our sections, e s naked receptacle: the same ohare ers also distinguis sh it from Aster; but the Alpi- * genous prism stone connect the two genera. : $1. Rays in several series, shorter than the involucre: pappus jia : ache- nia 9-nerved : corolla of the disk mostly 4-toothed: annual or biennial E herbs: heads very small, cylindrical.—C xxorvs, Nutt. E. Canadense (Linn.): stem erect, hispid, or sometimes nearly gla- Vii, paniculately very much branehed above; leaves CHR mostly vius eed de esed. heads sen T numerous, culate or what osely disposed on the bra Preis sys (rite) — longor than tse Pappus; achenia oblong, Ere hispid.— spec. 63 ; Fl. Dan. roe Michz. ! fl. 2. Lean 148; ook. ! fl. Bor. ap 2. p. 20; Darlingt.! A. ‘Cost 471; — prodr. 5. p. 989. E. pusillum, Nutt. ! EL e (a Soca ei) Senee ciliatus, Walt. J elds and waste or open places; Canada! and Saskatchawan! throughout = the United States! to Texas! and in Oregon! Also apparently indigenous to almost every part of the world, and naturalized in Europe. July-Oct.— s ray many times shorter than the tube. Corolla of the disk (perhaps always?) 4-toothed. ical leaves often pinnately incised or lobed.—Horse-weed. eed. - E. divaricatum (Michx. ): decumbent, diffuse, and very much branched, ~.. "se branchlets fastigiate, strigose-hirsute and often somewhat hispid; leaves line subulate ; heads small, loosely paniculate-corymbose ; rays is not or than the pappus; achenia oblong, ra glabrous.—Michz.! fl. 2. 223 p.1 rsh! fl-2. p. 534; Nutt. l. c- 3D : Throug out the Western States, from Illinois! and Upper Missouri ! to ceris qua along the ppi; in V milar situations with the preceding, flowering aaa: the dices summer.—Plant rarely exceeding 6 inches in - height, but very diffuse, at length spreading out one or two feet in width. $2. Rays crowded or in. two or more series, longer than as involucre : pap- i v p or sometimes with minute sete intermixed or forming an indis- : series: achenia 9-nerved : mostly Piel Rvs E e (angen & med een DC. excl. spec-) Kem. aotem (alini cine Mee scapes bearing a single head: leaves. $ * misi def a dido pistillate flowers all ligulate. hee Bsc Sad pte e due sg veil ono ^ TR E TÉ g E 3 a 168 COMPOSITE. EnicERON. naked or with a few linear bractsg rays twice the length of the involucre ; achenia hirsute; pappus bispid-seahrous, as long as the corolla of the disk.— Pursh! fl. 2 . p. 535; Hook. ! ! fl. Bor.-Am = p. 1T (var P. E yika in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 32, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c.; DC. prodr. e p.988. Cineraria Lewisi, Richards. ! appz: Frankl. jour. ed. 2. p. ges maller ; leaves pene: the We ocv very short, 3-lobed.—E. com- positum, Hoo. k. in Linn. t - 14. p. 3 Interior of Drea: on di paris of hr Kooskoosky! Flat Head River! &c., and on the k i npe Also t of the mountains between lat. 64°, and the Arctic Sea, Richardso B. pus coast and MER June- Ju uly. —Scapes 2-6 inches high, sl leafy near the base. Head large; the bia white - Lan e pink. Bristles of the pappus about 15, with a few minute terposed 4. E.t topi m (Hook.): hirsute ; leaves on long petioles, 3-cleft ; the seg- ments short, entire, or nus lateral often du ‘scapes near ly n naked; rays twice the length of the very hirs volucre ; achenia minute y hair y; or.- poppet rig ey age as long as és secede of the disk.— Hook. ! Am. 2. p. 1 Rocky Mountains, Drum —Resembles the preceding; the heads about the same size. Leaves Miche fleshy. . E. pedatum (Nutt.): somewhat glabrous; — on slender sparsely ciliat te-hispid agp A -parted; the segments linear, obtuse, entire, or the lateral 2-lobed o ed; scapes naked; ra s locfie*] than the scarcely hirsute jirvoliacee;! ac me minutely hec ; pappus hispid-scabrous.— . Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. Oregon, on the gravel ee of small redii to the east of Walla-wallah, Nuttall !—Resembles E. trifidum; but the leaves are glabrous, except the - strongly ciliate petioles, and € lobes more slender; the heads are scarcely half the size, and in hat gla abrous. NS glabrous, 2-3 inches high. Rays seda cedro » nearly in a single series 6. E. radicatum (Hook. ): minutely hirsute and somewhat canescent ; leaves re: tulate, sil ara thick or fles scapes with one or two e _— iaa airy ; Minus of the orem few, scabrous, shorter than the orare Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 17, t. 122; Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. _ phil. soc Near Pieds Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! and in tlie Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall !—Leaves nearly sessile, glabrous when old, less than an inch songs clustered. Scapes 2 or 3 inches "E Heads smaller than in E. uniflorum; the rays spreading, white 8. E. nanum (Nutt.): canescently hirsute ; leaves sity linear, and slightly spatulate, scarcely obtuse; scapes na ked above; rays scarcely twice hi see deg pappus Am the length of the corolla, bitii-scihrone er DRE in trans Nbre Mountains, in about lat. 42°, Nuttall !—Leaves in a —_ rang 1-2 inches long, scarcely half a line wide, somewhat piteli. apes t Toa inches long, tome n ntose-pubescent.—'* Resembles the preceding; but has | "" hirsute haves epi and a different achenium and pappus." Nutt. 8. E. lanatum (Hook.): very woolly ; leaves sque petiole entire, Os Vict ermost often 3-lobed or toothed ae lbs Split, ac mostly leafless; eA pire d as the corolla : aeu d. 17, 121; 37 DC. prodr 7. (mant.) p- 275. — ui - ERIGERON. | | COMPOSITE. 169 Summits of the Rocky Mountains, was lat. 52° and 56°, Drummond ! —Scapes about 3 inches high. Head much larger than in E. uniflorum; the rays white or rarely tinged with om at * * Somewhat tid (subalpine) species: stems mostly short, leafy, bearing one or few heads: leaves entire : the inner series of pistillate flowers often filiform-tubular, truncate. me uc Cass.) 9. E. uniflorum (Linn.): stem short, bearing a single bead; leaves hir- sute ; the sae lanceolate or linear; the radical ones spatulate ate and be- coming somewhat glabrous; quo flowers nearly all ligulate ; the rays somewhat dol "obs the length of the m a UOI involucre.— Linn.! spec. 9. p. 8 1 f. ge. t. 9, f.3 - Bor.- Am d p. 17. E.alpinum, Pur sh, fl. 2. p. 532. Y han rA De. ! prodr. 5. p. 290. E. pulchellum $. b eicere "T l.c. p.987. EK. humile, Graham, in Edinb. phil. jour. 1828. p. 1 Arctic shore tnd islands from Greenland to Behring’s Straits and Una laschka! Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Labr ador | — The involucre and its dense woolly orae are "usually purple in bo: American specimens, as they frequently are in the European. are minute ply. squamellate sete mixed with the longer bristles of the pappus, Which are sometimes so copious as to form an indistinct outer series, in this species, and also in E. alpinum and E. grandiflorum randiflorum (Hook.): very hirsute; caudex thick ; stems short, bearing a single head; radical leaves oblong-spatulate ; the cauline oval- tenbeciate : pistillate flowers all ligulate; the rays spreading, te the gs of thg very densely woolly Svor — Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. t. 123. Samaks of the Rock sy Mountains, Drummond !—Stems 4-6 inches high. Heads very large for the size of the plant. Scales of the involucre with pur- pa and naked tpe; the woolly covering white. Rays white or eee oppe e? . E. alpinum P somewhat hirsute ; stem somewhat praese. tinh one or few heads; leaves lanceolate ; the radical —- spatulate, ta- pering “into a ; the inner pistillate Soesi. numerous, t ubular-filiform, truncate; the rays spreading, twice the length of the hirsute esc pap- pe the Gig as bus as the corolla.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. ; Engl. bot. ; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. 8: . 00k. - be ntains, Drummond te Macpac purple. Apparently a very rare Species in this Sets Ga e pappus, if it may so be called, in this tied be observed by C (Dict. sci. gus 37, p. 485), who therefore : almost glabrous; stem tall, lapis: radical ine linear-lanceolate ; raceme term terminal, many- scales of the small involucre d narrow [pistillat = mie mostly or wholly te]; in the am a "7 Yi . cent. ; ; (Lo He. & Fing. comp. fl. Germ. 2. p. 364” ; Koch, fl. Germ. & pour a me 2.» 1h Ek. B. ramosum, Wahl. - Lapp- p. 207. E. alpinum z h BEA E. racemo- ri SE ia : Acai o p zs Nutt. ! m Amer. vacas popeiblum. SEIS Hw s Bay to = "n “Mountains, Mbcnesine, «nd to Fort N \ 170 COMPOSIT £. , EmIGERON. : ranklin on the Mackenzie River, Richardson! Drummond! Rocky Moun- ains in about lat. 42°, Nuttall /—Plant from 4-6 inches to 2 feet high.—Our specimens s from the north of Europe very well accord with the American plan 13. E. nivale (Nutt.): stems somewhat cæspitose and hay at the base, mostly bearing single heads; radical leaves pee ud Lope lanceo- ate, ieri d roel at cla asping ; aes cre and t it of the stem . ] glandularly pubescent; the scales linea ae serene foe go: A 9 longer than the linear elongated somewhat pubescent achenium. trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 311. Central Akin of the y Mountains, lat. 42°, towards the sources of the Colorado of the West; near the limits of perpetual snow, Nuttall.—* Allied - to A. x i ha t with s subamplexicaul leaves, widest at the base. Pappus longer than the involucre. Rays? A few filiform pistillate florets outside the discal. ones. Achenium long and linear, compressed, slightly silky. Nutt. —We fn not did A species, which is founde d, we Bep! du on * +> Siem leafy at the base, elongated and — above, bearing a single g^ pistillate flowers all ligulate. 14. E. scaposum (DC. " em denaii bent and leafy at-the base, d and much elongated above, vubélbos ; leaves hirsute with appressed hairs, Sr aes or cien coarse ai toothed ; the radical ones crowded, somewhat petioled ; those of the sterile branches or lower part of the flower- ing stems Aiea te, partly liig rays very numerous, about twice the length of the canescently hirsute involucre ; achenia hirsute.— DC. prodr. 5. El Benth.! pl. Hartw. p. 17. Aster rivularis, tere” in Linnea, 5- p.12. . Rio Brazos, Texas, Drummond! Also Texas, Mr. Callana !—Scape or naked summit of the stem 4-7 inches long. Rays apparently white.— The i. € i Texan plant accords with that of Hartwe from the north of d and $ corymbose ly branched, utes cents AUN oblo quer ree orie pasat ) th [y Eri petioled ; heads x3 à itin rays (pale red) nearly: — - e bran length of the involucre, scarcely in a double series; gen minutely pub cent.— Sa rans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 307. Platte, within the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall /—Stem about ut e ves more or less pubescent 1-2 inches long, 2-4 line s wide, E i hel uv us i , OF kish, more or less pubescent. Heads few, small.. es of "What strigose-canescent. Pappus simple, 2 of 15-20 very slen- les, rather shorter than the corolla. (Muhl. ): stoloniferous at the base, hirsute, € or lanceolate-oblong, partly clasping, Max arem Ann few ud wes 7-9) and large, corymbose; the lateral pedicels elongated ; rays (about 80) rather broadly linear, scarcely in a double series, “twice the length of the in- ight bluish-purple ; glabrous.—Muhl. / in Willd. spec 3- dis : x T ri “soft spr snag hairs ; Tadical leaves obovate or Troad y p. f * * ai 5 L * sg ERIGERON. . COMPOSITE. 171 p. aa eu me t. 2402; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 502; Ell. sk. 2. p.393; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 2 E. pulchellum, Michzr.! fl. 2. p. 124 (excl. syn. Gronov. whieh re relates es Marshallia!) Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 472 ; not of DC., nor of k.? Borders of woods ánd thickets, Canada! arr a the — country from lat. 54°-64°, fide oe on) to Louisiana in the Southern » States, March-April —Stem simple, 9- 20 Mes abire high. "Radical leaves $ "E E ke vm 2-3 inches long, # and ien wide, very obtuse. Cauline leaves often ery few, but sometimes numero Pedicels thickened or dei cal at the summi. Hacc da imple.— Varies cousiderably in the degree of the pubes- cenc s entire or — — -— perfectly —Á fr pu d. ‘Philadel pieum (with which it has so s been confounded) by achenia, a and by the serve &e. Itis the exilisdo rac species in x abk e Northen States.—The plant we have under the name of E. pulchellus, . fl. Bor.- Am., is the same with the E. glabellus 8. of the same work, whejice (although it may have been so labelled by mistake) we have not cited the synonym here, — ipe — hen not well Mice with our E. bellidifolium. Hooker riety from Oregon, with the leaves foeply toothed, ses ces is cent at we consider a variet of E. Philadelphicu © 17. E. Philadelphicum (Linn.) : hene or hairy; stem sesio; Mowty m ; S end membranaceous, with a conspicuo: drib, o HE e; UU minutely hairy.— Linn. spec. . 863; "Will p 19 957 i. 149. 49.129; Pursh! d 2. p. 533; Darlingt. T4 pol p. 462; foe c. compan. to bot. xim 7 . p.. 96; not of Ell. or DC. nor of Bart. E. purpureum, Ait. Kew. (ed. i ) 3. p. 186; Pursh! l. e. ; Hoo k:t - Bor.-Am. 2. p. 19; DC.! ! prodr. 5. p. 286. E. amplexicaule, Torr. ! in Short, ae entucky plan B. stem stout; cauline ares larger, mostly cone and sharply serrate ; 4 H sc d. “stem elongated and slen iier towards the summit, very at the base; radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, dentate; flowers white ; the rays a not much longer € the disk." Nutt—E. purpureum ĝ. attenuatum, iq, Woodlands and "fel į common a North vct anm "or à. Ore gon and Arkansas, Nuttall! 5 & y. commencing in wipes or May in the Southern St - & y. ofien more th sins Leti aget thin ; de broad and whitish midrib c P edice s naked, ——— bs the summit. on the back; m om | ecatious. . appus si Variable as to size odd a i siet species. The var. ð. ap be an attenuated state of ., and like it has very pale rays, | shi e _know not ot why Linneus applied to this. said to come frm Canada tk. * i be T P. Me x COMPOSITE. Edora 18. E. quercifolium (Lam.) : pde: stem loosely corymbose above radical leaves obovate-oblong, mostly lyrat PEN or deeply si dui. lin ed, toothed; the cauline scatter hari epe rais artly disini) di sharply toothed, or the eneg ost entire; heads small an ki numerous ; rays innu- rable, almost v scena iino the length of the involucre, pale Me: : actu "minutely hairy.—Lam. ill. ri 681, f. 4; Poir. dict. 7. p. toke Pursh L fl. 2. p. sm; "d of DC. E. Philadelphicum ? El! sk. 9. p. 396; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 285; not of Linn., Willd. ! &c. E. Philsdelphi- cum, Reichenb. ic. a t. 134 ? Fields &c., Florid up ruta Nuttall i to Georgia! S. Carolina! and EET EA amr Miss -June.—Stem 1-2 feet Mh. far- wed. Heads rather mc nam E in E. Philadelphicum ; the involucre, sd the (often very pale) rays ee that Peru Pappus simple.— This is without doubt the - dei: seine um of Lamarck; and is probably § 3. Rays in a double or single series, much longer than the involucre : , pappus double (both in the disk and ray) ; the exterior short, more or less distinct, setaceous or squamellate-subulate: achenia 9—5-nerved : perennial. —Srenactis, Cass, Nees, (excl. spec.) (Heterocheta, DC.? Erigeron $ Phenactis, &c., Nutt.) * Exterior pappus somewhat rod of short sete, more or less intermixed with the inner : rays in a double serie: 19. E. pore Ker): stems several from a persistent caudex or rhizoma, e » more or less villous with soft slightly viscid hairs, simple or sparing Pirson. terminated by largo solitary heads; leaves spatulate- oblong, obtuse, sessile, the upper often hairy; the low - spatulate-obovate, w. tapering into a margined petiole s very numerous (about 100), twice the length of the pubescent or villous geait: ; acheni = sparsely — , 4-nerved.—Ker, bot b. . (Aster Bonariensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 528.) Stenactis arci Nees, gu p- 275. Aster Californicus, Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 12 . § Arn.! . bet. Beeci ; Nees, Ast. p aoa. 5. B. plant more villous throughout.—E. m m, Nutt. ! j in ve e j pub soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 310. "Woodvillea. pr e DC. 09 Ca of California and Oregon, Menzies! Capt. Beechey! Douglas? Nuttall! (3.)—St 4 s ee em or caudex jc bino sendin puni si stem. Leaves maiii. ; he margins of the upper ones often € ciliate, and the surfaces of the uppermost also villou d —The mo ge MA a of this plant key rays of which appear Mn fa owish in dried dod douh, the Wood of De ih much doubt t ea calendulacea d Si rds with the descrip- ae ggestion n vs "Hoo ker rnott (Bot. Bey api p pas), Ds uA Mig ds de "identity of the Aster Californicus, Less, Erigeron glaucum, Ker, of e ver icum gen hs to cx from ‘South A America; but which these authors, apparently, with good ‘an suspect to have been raised from seeds deus ©) nerved. Pappus wi ERIGERON. ^ COMPOSITE. 173 brought from Catifornia or Oregon by Mr. Menzies; whose dried a we “ay remark, almost entirely agree with the cultivated E. glaucu E. macranthum MS mean were stem leafy to the summit; Ras glabrous, with hispidly ciliat argins, obtuse, mucronulate; the upper oblong-ovate or éiliptical, partly clasping i ; the lowermost oblong-spa- tulate, i aporiag into a petiole ; heads 3-5 imple naked peduncles ; rays numerous, twice the length of the pro rand slightly glandular invo- lucre ; Edu vient ly hairy, 2-nerved.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc T.) 7. p. 310 B. leaves very acute; heads larger.—E. grandiflorum, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Lage d . p. 31, not of Hook. Sources of the Missouri, and plains of the Platte, near the Rocky Moun- tains, Mr. Wyeth! Nuttall! Aug.—Leaves s eu reticulated ; the upper about an inch dong and halt an AN wide. Heads smaller than in E. spe- ciosum ; the rays blue er in — Involucr glabrous to the naked eye, minutely glandular are a lens.— The variety with acute leaves ap- proaches E. speciosum, from which, Sudo, it appears to be distinguished chiefly by its dites involuc specios DC.): stem glabrous below, much branched and . 21. E. sparsely hispid And ME to diei summit; leaves lanceolate, mostly acute or acuminate, entire, hispidly ciliate, closely sessile or so somewhat clasping ; the radical ones spatulate and tapering into a ihc heads co e, ter- minating the leafy branchlets; rays ve nerous (about 120), ales of ^t 36¢ - Stem often ‘simple, "€ few heads; leaves narrowly lanceolate, baipiddle- sputitiate Ep m m, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. up 806. 0. C. ` chiefi Am 19. pet y. E. glabellum y. mucronulatum, Hook. ! California and Oregon, Douglas . Plains of the retos common, Dr. Scouler ! Douglas! Nuttall pc. a tall and stout, furrowed. Leaves often nearly glabrous, except the margins, 2-4 inc ches long. Heads (inelud- ing the showy violet-purple ray) nearly 2 inches in diameter. Scales of the involucre attenuate, hispid with spreading whiti airs. Achenia 2-3- rmung an indistinct exterior series. 29. E. glabellum (Nutt.): stem simple, or sparingly branched what naked above, pubescent or nearly hispid towards the summit ; Haves most] — with see and scabrous margins, entire; the upper r cauline "s or mucronate- pedro inte A ie "head often solitary : 2. stem — €eolate, sometimes toothed ; the cauline linear; head otten : 5s stout; leaves larger; heads larger, , 7-10, in a simple or Tur compound corymb. " é * B E B. asperum: stem and € rou |a strigose- strigose- (rays nearly vid 1).—E. as nnd gen. 2. p P. M7; ; CA EET odr. 5. kad. P- 286. (E. pulchellus, a. Hook. f Boron p.19 (excl syn.) Greene, & herb. Torr.) e 7 a . moir it is said to be single, of about 2 24. E. concinnun " stems several from e root chi X T eret or ds terminated pe ngle heads;-leaves narrowly 174 de COMPOSITAE. EnicERON. y- pubescens ee l.c.): stem and leaves hirsute throughout with a spreading pubescen Prairies and open abit Missouri, Nuttall! = Nicollet! &e. St. Croi River, Dr. Houghton! Saskatchawan, Drummond! and throughout te woody country to lat. 64°, Richardson! Also Bi Oregon near the Rocky i ttall! &c. and on Lewi olmie! B. Mi ond | — E the veni siepe the pica Por. as well as the radical d. eads about as large as in E. BN ifo ium, or sometimes nearly Salling those of E. speciosum, to this species is erent allied. Rays pale purple or blue, sometimes nearly» white-—The pubescence is PES a variable, and we have a full serie "Pure mam. connecting the most hairy forms with the nearly smooth and dioa plant. * + Exterior pappus of manifest, subulate or potenter selg: rays nearly in à single series. 23. E. ilum (Nutt.): very hirsute Rus cu with spreading T hairs; E ! numerous from the same root, o pitose, simple or sparingly branched, _ by solitary wg tide eaves entire, lanceolate or linear, | tapering to the base; the radical and low ee -spatulate, aparing into the petiole ; rays. somewhat i in a double iia te e the length of the very late, very short.—Nuitt.! gen. 2. 47, xn trans. Amer. soc. dg eio DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 sh! fl. 2. c p.1 p 86. "e hirsutum, Pur. 749, not of Lou pper Missouri, Bra bury ! Nuttall! Mr. ‘Nicollet! and Reins of the : near the y Mo ches Mounta s, Nuttall! May—June.—Stems 6-10 in high, rather stout, clothed lik ike pix Ios with almost hispid Bains simple or ene d npare y nearly as la into 3 or 4 branches, naked at the summit, bearin. a distinct ou e, the inte al mat about d : in Mr Nutta Ws recent me- is a ; aý manifest in all the. pe imens w . dine: elongated, entira gos at the ik | e lowermost tapering into a petiole ; rays narrowly linear, numerous (about 50), in a single series, twice the ngth of the very | Epes tena rag hirsute ; ex- pappus setose-s qu ate. EAR. nm & A rn. ! bot. y; suppl. p. 350. e River, xd d ms Pew in the ARG Country” (interior 1), Mr. ie !—Stems abou a span high; the plan h the E ves u : ) 4 ca te species, but a Daisy ; the shat y idis i | er than the ovary. ceptacle areo- tulerit pim v ERIGERON. _ COMPOSITE. v 175 E Rays very numerous, WES. or quite in a single series, longer than the “involucre: pa manifestly double ; the exterior very short, subulate or squamellate, or Ne coroniform ; the interior of few somewhat deciduous ristles, often caducous or wanting in the ray: achenia 2-nerved : annual or biennial.—P RALACROLOMA, Cass. (Stenactis, DC. partly, excl. char.*) * Pappus of the ray and disk similar. (Erigeron $ Oligotrichium, Nutt.) 25. .E. : branched from the base, minutely strigose or scabro stems D p mei ta or e we ciment few (1-9) small heads on vga peduncles ; leaves shor t, with minutely ciliate and scabrous margins; the radical ones epatulnte- dont di mewhat lyrately toothed or sparingly lobed, on slender petioles; the lower cauline mostly oblong-linear, entire y very narrow and n num erous, twice the length of the almost glabrous involu- cre; inner pappus of 12-20 rather ALI beis Ai —E. quercifolium, (Nutt. /) DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 285, ¢ certainly not of Lam Prailics, and banks of rivers, Ar ees Nutta ll! Louisiana, Dr. Car- penter! Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummond! April-June.— Q) or 2f ! ori cien 5-10 inches high, pubescent near the base Leaves somewhat glabrous, the lower about an inch long. Hea smaller than in E. spere ibas several in number somewhat c Lcid ^ ORA base w the summit. Rays purplish, v ry slender, ; n mber, but ne 27 or quite in a single series. Inner pap ^ similar fn dh disk and ray, of 12 to 20 slender rather fragile ikrom bristles; the very m EM setaceous-squamellate, oli pte than the diddy preeti acheni UR e E. divergens: somewhat Qu with a minute hirsute pubescence diffusely boreais from the base; leaves small, entire, a Men ; the radical somewhat spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole; the cauline scattere d, sessile, linear, narrowed at the bagi heads (small) pens solitary termina- ting the naked branchlets or peduncles ; rays Very narrow and nu eie twice the length of the hirsute involucre; inner M nni of few (s ha? he cede and deciduous bristles.—Eri igotri ivaric trans lar; the exterior pappus shorter. * * Inner pappus of t Imost or entirely wanti IUE OM proper.) ` ae fe m^ d [s] 7. E. Toe Qs ): sparsely hirsute or hispid wi with more or less fu hai guapo ú ae qe above; leaves and 176 c OMPOSITJE. ERIGERON. Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 302. Aster Ber Linn. ! hort. Cp. p. 409, spec. 2. p. 875; Willd. enum. ise EIN 884. Bellis ramosa, &c. Cornut. Canad. t. 194. Pulicaria annua, n. fr. 9. 462. Diplopappus dubius, Cass. in bull. philom. 1817 4 1818. P cds dubia, Cass. in dict. sci. nat. 37. p. 485. S. “agen Nees, Ast. p. 273. S.annua & S. sieianien (excl. syn.), DC.! te Radical and lower nee large. ea do or eic er than E. strigosum, but less showy ; the ray (white or tige with purple) being shorter.—Flea- ane, Daisfac-Nuttall- b the ray has no obo. and Nees, that it is very e find form papp trace of an interior: both the pappus and the achenia entirely correspond with the m species ; and, aree specimens almost intermediate be- tween the two ae mes be obse ved. i penu stem ‘ sig SESE roar at the summit ; leav entire or slig tly Msn the radical - lower cauline oval or spatulate, ` 3-nerved, tapering into a slender petiole; the u per ones scattered, .lanceo- late, oblanceolate, or linear, acute or "nnd rays narrowly linear, about twice the len or pubescent involucre.—Mu. Willd. / or- Am. 2. p. 185 Darlingt. fis p ! gen. 9. p. 147... E. lon- gifolium, Hort. Par s. . E. nervosum, Pursh, Wes, „not i of Willd. E. spathulatum, H. H. pe in trans. med. soc. Ne nS 1822. E. Philadelphicum, Bart. veg. 4128 De dd : De Walt. Car. p. 205. Ph iac re aiaia, Cass. in dict. l EC rá em and peo nearly glabrous ; the latter almost tiere entire, ed. 2. p. 302 $ except the lowest.—E. i Toun Bigel. D Bost "s y. slender ; “heads = her smaller; rays e-ibblor, turning nearly w white. —E. "y px is Beyrichii, Fisch. & Meyer, 5th | ind. sem. St. Petersb. Phalac silice. a Bev Fisch. & Meyer. 6th - o sem. I. x § in Linnea, 14. suppl. 2. (Carolina, Beyrich. v. sp- hort. ge e Fields 2 and open ea Canada! and from the Saskatchawan! to Florida! and Louisiana! and west to Oregon! June-Aug., or in the Sou ge rn a tem 1-3 feet high, usua maller receding, angled or furr loo e at rather naked. Rays white; the tube h Aci ia slightly hairy. amellate crown, similar in the ray and € (- AU in a single series, rather f. (about 30), longer As the invo- uere: pappus simple: ee mei A-nerved : Jot scapiform.— * ERIDIUM. : "e E^ pe Dc TIC 9. p. 298, excl. all the syn. Stenactis ambigua, DC. ! prodr. L4 ERIGERON. COMPOSITÆ. 177 *194; Pursh! fi. . 533; Nutt.! gen. 2. P 147; Ell. sk. 9. p. 393. Aster vernus, Linn! spec. 2. p. 876 (pl. Gronov. !); Pers. l c. raa MD Walt. Car. p. 905? Stenactis cda. Nees, per p.915; DC. pro p- 2 Moist pine partie &c. Virginia! and N. Caroli m. p Florida ! Que Louisiana! May—June.—Leaves vari "i in per, mes short a roundish, often narrowly spatulate, with a r less s du bond taperi odd base. Scape 1-2 feet high, slender, a lit deg pu bien or hairy above, often simple, and with few heads; not unfrequently once or twice dichotomous, the branches bearing bul y 3 poni Rays white (sometimes purple, DC. e i i ading, exserte triangular, often acute. Pappus (double according to Nuttall, Nees and De Candolle) in all our specimens cirtáialy simple and in a a les ; the bristles very slender, scabrous, equal, between 20 and 30 in num- um Achenia oblong, 4-nerved, quadran guis or eee, minutely ispi $ 6. Rays (30-50) in a single series or nearly so, much longer than the à lucre: pappus double ; FS the exterior short, setaceous or uid earns ; achenia mostly Q-nerved : receptacle @reolate: perennial or s suffruticose, with the habit of Diplopappus or a Merete but with the style and recep- tacle pine geron.—PskvDERIGERON. ae Hp ru li utt.) : — p branches ‘numerous from a = Spiga 1, crowded on the sterile branches, scattered on m ake ‘axing sect (eal) heads scales. of the jw cum elongated, ignis E. ; rays about 40.—Diplopappus "en meee ! fl. Bor.- Am .9 ! t branches panienlate-eotymbose rays 25-30.—E. filifolium, Nut. T in trans Amer. ee soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 308. DUM canescens, 2. ! prodr. 5 i ag and young leaves ve 2 scent. Leav ied di in cM xig: very 26d p Scale: mt the intoko pics -— Pappus eer series of d a few m ini ed, scarcely : distinguishab e heo the BON is tae comp cote di. . E. Douglasii : — tall, gla abrous,. ri 3 E y summit ; ranches octo elongate, mostly solitary heads, sind bát corymbose O eS leaves. Ae sue ar, rigid, obtuse, scabrous with mi E pp essi irs; those of branches much compas rays er or parak bout twic eng ; ewhat imbricated involucre minutely pubesc ; e inner verse lanceolate; achenia son ute and Ao ms rapuere e eM s Er 178 COMPOSITE. ERIGERON. and acute, not ve ery ig m dee somewhat in 3 series, rather unequal ; the inner whitish, with a mid-nerve, nearly glabrous. Inner pappus of few (1520) brise dim exterior fewer and very small. om te M = decumbens (Nutt.): eee pee: Moms t Da _ or ascending, glabrous at the base, leafy, n s from e root, . ^ somewhat branched or atoe à at the simmit; the, Bacche V onis prek eads; leaves linear, entire, acute; the lower somewhat lanceolate, taperin into a petiole; rays bru Nutt. ) more Hé twice the length of the tinens hairy and rather loose scales of the involucre; exterior pappus minute.— JNutt. ! in trans. dos hil. soc. e ser. y ans towards the Oregon, Nuttall ! Wahlamet, Douglas Stems more slender than in E. c corymbosum, 10-15 cu long; ; the eden ry, leafy near ly to the summit. Leaves 2-3 inches long, often fess than 2 ES ce the lower gem into slender petioles. Heads as large as a Daisy, on slender pean Fa les. of oe M narrow, acute, Sind in asingle series. Rays ina sin S: E. ermon queni: canescently pubescent throughout; stems ticum from the same r rect, bearing few (3-5) corymbose heads at the summit ; Senses SEIN Toa entire, acute, sessile ; the radical lan- t ate ome appressed sc of the involucre ; achenia minutely hairy ; exterior pappus Squamelae-seacebus very dis- tinct.— Nutt. / in trans. Amer. "phil soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. : Rocky Mountains, in about lat. 42°, towards ‘Oregon, E: ——Plant — 6-8 inches. high, €— stout, hoary with a close and short pubescence. Leaves. rw Jide trongly 1-nerved, 1-3 dcus esses about 2 lines wide. Heads mi ized, on*naked peduncles. Scales of the involucre in about 2 nearly is series, appressed, hirsute-canescent. Rays 30 or more, ina Single series. Pappus somewhat brownish; the seed rather copious, shorter than the 2-3-nerved ao essed achenia. Habito f Chrysopsis, and with a similar exterior pappus : : . 94. E. ochroleucum (Nutt.): somewhat a A low; stems numerous from a thickened caudex, simple, vec naked a pubescent with ap- a ressed hairs ; earing solitary or rarely 3-5 he heads; radical 1 aves crowded, pubescent; exterior pappus eig oun very distinet.—Nutt. 7 in _ trans. Amer. ue soc. (n. ie] 7. p. 309. Di Lis e eds Hook. fl- 5. alf a lin emet, nearly sabes rit olg : cauline leaves nearly sil + ue iD A s : ERIGERON. COMPOSITE. 179 E. cespitosum (Nutt.) : dwarf, canescent with a close and short pubes- ~ ; stems numerous from a thickened caudex, cespitose, decumbent, mostly simple and terminated by single beads leaves linear-oblong, rather obtuse, entire; the cauline tiges the radical clustered, oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong; rays s (orbit it or pale rose- reme very numerous and some- what in a double series, heim he length of the hirsute-tomentose ivo) onia oes ; exterior pappus fais soap -setaceous, very distinct.— Nutt. ! n trans. Am hil. soc. (n. 307. aktoren: larger ; eee occasionally somewhat branched; rays more. than twice the Pg a of the involuere.—Diplopappus grandiflorus, Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 2 ipn of the Platte, i in the Rocky Mountains, and on the Colorado of the West, Nuttall! B. Bao: of = Saskatchawan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Drum pay St tems 3-5, or in f. often 6-8 inches high. Radical leaves in dense "clusters about 2 inches long, or in f. larger, ob- .scurely 3-nerved; the e 4-1 inch long, obtuse or abruptly acute. Scales of the involucre s cam very acute, the exterior shorter, the interior broader.— The he (de is us as large as a ds M in Mr. Nuttall's plant: in the weisen of T the "endi ell as the whole plant, are p and the rays longer Mr. Nuttall pat dide the ex- i 1 Species unknown to us. $*.36. E. (Paste) canescens : ke nd usu uin linear- `> + lanceolate, enti re, uch narrowed the base; the lower on lon a mee ; stem. sim Mrd cor vue the tallies ioa gatid. leafy, bearing CN p oe E MES eads ; scales of the invo olucre € very wc kone rous. een 1 plopappus canescens, Hoo r.-Am » atchawan, between Ca Dor House Psi Poet Hot Se to Hooker, this plant may possibly prove to hé a a Fady of his h Diplopappus s grandiflorus, which is a large variety of E. cæspitosum, Nutt. ; bat od issaid to be a taller, more erect, and corymbose plant, with smaller _ 37. E. lonchophyllum (Hook.): stem tall, Lap. c hispid; leaves ne `~ long, linear, glabrous, nerved, ciliate; the lower ones linear-spatulate; > “ae e terminal, leafy, many-flowered ; selesi elongated, somewhat leaty E. (foliolosis) ; rays numerous, narrow Mio 2, UT & than the — copious pappus. Hook. fl. Bor. Fa a u and rigid white ; the cauline leaves several of them 6 dod long and 2-4 lines broad; de heads similar to those of E. gla yeaah but in ue. specifie character the rays are said to be e longer than | 38. E. hispidum (Nutt.): stem erect, corym above — and $i i pid; leaves Lm temer and scabrous on the | n; the ra spatulate ; ` Cauline sessile, acumin ; peduncles olo gres one-flowered ; scales of the ~ involucre hoary, hispid, v pt hirsute, much acuminated; rays very nume- \ zone. Nutt. in tr il. soc. (n. EE: 7. . 310, not of DC. "sb Ba baras altar Nem ie ds allied to E speciosum, from- Shick, uk COMPOSIT E. to EnIGERON. m ie. agin to the peduncles, instead of the involucre. There is peed n Erigeron hispidum of De oisi (in OAM contrib. bot. Ind., & D pee. but we have left the tall’s species unchan nge d T Ka firstly, "ir ^. of De Candolle « will perit e removed from the genus; and secondly, see no adequate distinction between this psit and E. ore , red; inn us va = 12 bristles; the outer very dis- tinct. Nutt. in cem Amer. p e. (n. s 4311 x Oregon.— w per elle pose is bróadisH leaves on the lower ` part of the stem. Bhi ts E. strigosum, but Margen the same, with red flowers and broad leaves." "Nut tall. 0. E. fo liosum (Nutt.) : rather hirsute and so omewhat scabrous; stem sod ereet, tere aoi — ated, the summit corymbose; leaves oblong- linear, sessile, acute, crowded; scales of the involucre lanceolate, A print acute, in abou sates nearly, equal; rays short, red, about 30; achenia somewhat hirsute. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. = 7. p. 909. — ara, California, Nuttall. ay. —“Ay very r arkable species; pus sable a the outer pm e inner of many brownish rays. Stigma exserted, . smooth and nearly equally filiform i in ine fen, gren truncate and slightly ubescent in the discal florets. ays narrow, about the length of the invo- lucrum [that is exserted to about that length], of a. full purple red. "This species appears rogyn lines or nerves, but the obtuse stigma appears to be an anomaly i in the genus." Nutt.—We have not seen this plant, sech, in peepee is ee to resemble ' an Aster in aSpect, and to have been ed from e specimens. d The v edes the style (stigmas) are, we ue een ires obtuse in . Erigeron. E. Carolinianwm, of Linnzeus, is wholly founded on the Virga-aurea Caroliniana, Dill. Elth. t. 306, f. 394, a yellow-flowered plant, which no botanist has suc- - ceeded in identifi It has nothing in common with the Phalacroloma obtusifo- lium of Cassini Aster gen n hs) Th nor with the Erigeron hysso ifolium, Michx. (w. is Aster graminifolius). confusion commenced with Pursh, who erroneous] addu the figure IE lenius and the E. Carolinianum as syno- E. hys mure of Mic à E. longifolium reg & ders Ji z: tt i , t of thi and in ro- P: Lie Y early not of this genus, 2 bability not + Slang ant. Pursh adds the mark v.s, bu but we fin ides - por ione cael In the list of excluded species, De Candolle i rs it to Jasonin longifolia, but we find no such species described, ‘nor hav i E retrofezum ( (Poir) a very imperfectly npr goers: species, is said to have w linear Asi leaves, and a mbricated, and very glabrous Eu. : —. mieden i is Chrysopsis pinifolia, eS DIPLOPAPPUS. Cass. in bull. philom. 1817, § in ar P- 308. st phir um, Kunth.—Di opappus & Diplostephium. C 87.) & pany Eq vhs. o4 toa. Nac is Z| i j 3 $ & j * IN "W o» Lu &c. Sees DieLoPAPPUS. COMPOSIT X. 181 imbricated, lanceolate or subulate, 1-nerved or carinate, destitute of herba- ceous or squarrose tips. Receptacle flat, somewhat alveolate; the alveoli toothed. Appendages of the style subulate or lanceolate, rarely short. Ache- nia more or less compressed. Pappus double; the exterior of copious sca- brous often unequal capillary bristles, as long as the corolla; the exteri ; very short, setulose, or setaceous-subulate.—Perennial (chiefly hee herbs or suffruticose plants, somewhat variable in habit; with alternate most- ly entire and sessile leaves. Heads c corymbose, or terminating the simple branches. © Rays blue, purple, or white; the corolla of the disk yellow, rarely ihpaging to purplish. The ame Diplostephium appertains to the section which comprises the original species, D. lavandulzfolium Te which appears to differ considerably, and per- hàps generically from the Eudiplostephium of De Candolle, and is rhaps much nearer the Diplopappus § A melloidei-of the latter author.—In a note under Aster $ Or- omeris, we ure already observed that some, if not all of the species of De Can- dolle's Diplopappus E Qn ie it with the Aster grace Wall. (Amphiraphis peduncularis, D C.), the Calimeris flexuosa, € c. (all natives of the mountains of India), appear to form a troll niil ed genu $1. Brisiles of the inner pappus sige not clavellate or thickened at the aper; ‘exterior setulose: achenia vi or silky, short, somewhat com- pressed : involücre about the length F r disk : leaves crowded, linear, rigid, 1-nerved, aope with serrulate-ciliate very scabrous margins : - heads terminating the simple branches: rays violet.—IAnTHE. (Diplo- C ste: § Amelloidea, Nees. Diplopappus § Amelloidei, DC.) - D. linariifolius (Hook.) : arvum strict, puberulent or slightly scabrous, EE several from the same root or suffrutescent base ; leaves rigid, mos dr Spreading, linear, timeropulate, strongly 1-nerved, glabrous, with ve imbricated in several serie risið, carinately 1-ne t length somen hat pa reading; the exterior short, Mice. bobultcs the rone t linear, mostly obtuse; gs Pappas — "Decii ac narrow, silky- villous.— Hoo .B 2. p. 21; Darlin “Cost. p.473, D. linarifullus & D. rigidu 8, Lindl. ! in Dc. prodr. ooo . ieee linariifolium, Nees, Ast. p. Chrysopsis linariifolia, Nutt. ! 2. 152. Aster linariifolius, ide 4 Spec. 2. p. 874; Miche. ! f. 2 - TÉ 0; Pursh,'fl. 2. p. 545; i i 2. p. 365. A. rigidus, Linn. le. (fide pl. Gronov.) ; Mi c.; Pursh! Z 9. p. 544. SE m. A. nemoralis, A. pulcherrimus, Lodd. bot. cab. 1. t. 6. ericanus frutes- a * TOUS, clustered, or pire y racemose meii Leaves ng, numerous, mostly sagen e- with. midrib prominent the zo ame nches muc smaller, ds rather. indes the numerous scales of th ermos: st Baie e. Hea 2 somewhat ciliate; the inner often with purplish tips. - n d * : Appendages of the style attenuate-subulate. D. rigidus, Lindl. jc. is to be Ex E Lg * # 23g " due Pa l + F aa - ox DM é ^ i 182 3 u` COMPOSITÆ. -. DIPLOPAPPUS.. The involucre, at first more or less turbinate, becomes somewhat ld. ` ariety. “hemispherical whe . margins, lonaély itn mbricated in about 3 series ; exterior pg very nn ; e$ (us canescent; stems branblithg from near the P d silisteseent ? base; erose-subulate, imbricated, mucronate- pilife- roi ed, us; scale of the Mere Janccolate-linca acute, 1-nerved, with scarious you ng pcos me cent.—Inula? rasan s, Torr.! in ann. lyc. New LA E anta uides Fit jeg bot. Eucephalus ERE, : 299; the R ky E un E ua Bia t apparen ntl y 6 the summit of the branches with appressed Gizo E tia. -ciliate heath- like es; those near the base 2 or more lines long; those of the branches le a a lino long, dela’, concavo-convex, obscurely 1-nerved. a 4 ther -15, solitary, rather small. Scales of the cre. rone: few. A ova 10 pua s da disk, apparently not yellow; the d owers about 12. Appen- e style oblong, ae shorter than the cd portion, Pappu of Ber few capillary bristles ; the exterior of about as many in proportion to the inner as in D. linar folios de m s aim i: Me de diu the suffrutescent base, simple, € mentose-pubescent, naked a summit; leave wded, erect, wat ran date m, rather Haid, pen Anaspis when l-nerved, flat, with cartilaginous minutely serrulate-scabrous margins scales of the hemispherical involucre linear, oie 1-nerv os I: scarious rgins, p ricated in about de IT | pe 4 (s ong and one Si breadth. He ads as . darge as i folha th rays “ pale violet-pürple," 12-15, po OE Appendage e style simi i as long as the stigmatic portion SIX Bristles of the i inner pappus unequal, some of them (the innermost) cla- vellate or slightly thickened at the summit; the exterior of copious short slightly squamellate bristles: achenia ( pubescent or glabrous) obovoid, more or less rb ox 7 M involuere shorter than the. disk : leaves scattered, membranaceous, veiny, entire: heads in compound a corolla of M disk pois 5-toothed : rays 8-12, white, or somewhat. ochro- - leucous.- oa PAPPUS. (Species of Tae Nees. puo § 1. Eudip hium, DC.) * * The longer bristles of the inner pappus with manifestly clavellate ol caedi the style linear-subulate, elongated. "d EI UNS - 4. Es cornifolius aie ary iow — dibuilient -scabrous pubesce sparingly co ; leaves ium or br PUES. à [eras m aii vie. h end, ciliate, hairy on the veins beneath ; heads few, riens mbose, e divaricate Lac a glabrous.— jf Cute X. Del rnifolia, Nees, Ast. p- 181. i Boia cornifolignn, DC.! p p.973. Aster » &e. Pluk. ! alm. 56, t 79, Yo caule mes m. d 1. jcatus 2. p. 873 (ex syn. Pluk. & Gronov. » syst. 3. p.529? A. — My - % A ; DIPLOPAPPUS. COMPOSITÆ. 183- p. 2039 ; Bigel. J pes ed. 9. A. infirmus ae oy A. hu milis, Pur p. 515 tex, ays Willd.) ; El. eg ts i ern Chrysopsis pele Fi Nutt gen Woodlands &c. from (Canada ir es ,) Massachusetts, New York! and poren ! to Meus and the mountains and upper country of the Southern States! Aug.- ept. Nem bap thi * sois flexuous. aves so ga rhombic robles or oval the uppermostoblong- lanceolate), n -9 wide ads the some culate branches; or very loosely corymbose at the summit. Seales of the involucre oblong- due. obtuse, slightly pubescent; the innermost Shorter than the disk, the exterior very short. Achenia large, obovoid, Toten pope but Arineny compressed, 7-8-nerved, viz: with one nerve ach : and 3 on one side and 2 or 3 on the other. Pappus reddish- Vn; the e gn very € copious; a large portion of the interior clavellate brò " and obtuse mA very dont species. ^ t The Sir bristles uf the inner pappus slightly thickened towards the swmmit (under a lens), but scarcely clavellate : appendages of the style short, triangular-subu- late or oblong. - D. amygdalinus: stem slightly striate, smooth, or scabrous above, c rymbosly branched at the summit; leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or ore mes oval, more or less acute or acuminate, scabrous- ciliolate, en or > alt narrowed into a slight petiole; heads nah in loose corymbs ; e short in ) i oose . hairy.—Aster amygdalinus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 305? (ex syn. Ast. Acadiensis, &c. Tourn. herb.); Ell.! l. c. (partly.) A. hu milis Willd. sp P. 2038, & hort. Berol. t. 67, fide Nees. Chrysopsis amy pasting, Ni ke * 1 Diplostephium amygdalinum MEUS in dict. sci. nat. 7. p. 4 86? ellin- geria amygdalina, E Ast. pl at: stem y opcia heads tes, ‘large. —D. cornifolius, Lind. in herb. orr. (pa y. Se fae and rigid; pp Wg a — Deellingeria cornifolia, Lindl.! in Hook.! compan. to bot. m. Moist apes pee Jersey! Pennsylvania T i throughout the Southern ates ! a, Dr. Toni a, Dr. Hale! Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! y ees pd Drummond ! Teacsa ! Aug.-Sept.—Stem -3 feet. thet often producing Be branches. L and brides mene ollowing, sometimes ovate or oval and obtuse, bu L cute or E Scales of the involucre scarcely longer than th ure achenia, MN glabrous. Achenia and pappus nearly as in D. umbell Both this and the following species are subject to conside E nym icertai ies NU Ar umbell Lati was fo jo unded on the. pe i tra d ; enini th the plant cited m Tournefort’s herbarium), | DE o is said to have been y br from View ellatus: stem ——: ‘smooth or somewhat at scabrous, fastigiate- mmit ; vac yay ^in padecen Aegis un / A gn E. | COMPOSITR. oa Drevorarevs. (RD mygdalinus, Hook.! fl.: Bor.-Am. 2. p. 93. D. aimygdalinus Dar- E lingt. ! 4 ra Cest. - il Deellingeria Fe a, Nees, Ast. p. 178. Diplo- .- stephium umbellatum, DC. l.c. Aster umbellatus, “ Mill. -dict. ed. 7. no. 2” ; Ait.! Kem. (ed. D 3. p. 199; Willd. pes 3. p. 2030 ; beu phytog- "bl. p. 74, t. B. f. 2.” ex. Nes.) ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 310. A. amyg- - »dalinus, Michr.! fl. 2. p. 109; Pursh, dm LT 549; "Fil. b (pany) Torr. ! compend. p. 300; Lindl. bot. reg. t . B. low and small; corymb simple. M iplostephium amygdalinum, B. hu-. . €. - Moist thickets, &c. Canada! and ae Scotia! and common throughout the Northern and North Western Eee € the mountains of South. Carolina. ! A feet high, simple b E wiki ciet pir d oe 3 to 4 or 5 inches long, either narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- i es labrous, pale beneath. Scales - the involucre (not Rs Pee the " 7 D. posnit v oeiee ith a minute short pubeseence : stem terete, ^^ ~eorymbose at the su ; leaves closely sessile, oval, elliptical, or ocea- somewhat esci mostly obtuse Ai each end, conspicuously re- b: ct. e ec =, e "+ e = um oO I [2] B et pe oO = 21 £e & RE sr 2. ma es Pal] E [«] a B = R [»] c e Un e — fa] nm ube : i involucre, linear, acute, pubescent bud viscid, imbricated in about 3 : ries; achenia pubescent-villous.— E Chr vespils obovata, Nutt.! gen. 2 P 152. Solidago. Noveboracensis, Muhl.! herb. Aster obovatus El. sk. 2. s. 368. - Diplostephium -bor: eale, Spreng: s yst. 3. p. D. obovatum, "DC, pana». p.913. De llingeria obovata, Nees, Ast On. EP B. ib dicats -paniculate ; pedun cles elongated, aked; “heads racers dichotomus, EU. ! sk. 2. p. 366. Diplostephium | dichotorpum, i y soil, S. deris and Georgia, Le Conte! Nuttall! Elliott! ~ Ch un a th ! June-Oct. —Stem 2-3 pe , often numerous frees: th oot. Leaves numerous, 2-3 inc rd long, an inch or more wide, som iets at membranaceous, often a little nar- g +, rowed towards the 1 ése; slightly puberule nt-seabrous above; the veins di- ; weap at night angles from the midrib, and conspicuously reticulated beneath. P oe ads as in toss ber | loosely corymbose, or somewhat tomentose-pu p les. Involuere nc 5 ; the klefot no ot ET copies Ese or: ; sd hebed towards the su dtc i sterile Sine li d; and, according to Elliott, bic ; Jeaves E toothed. We have met with no specimen in F Elliott t's herbarium the or ql ef Aster obovatus; but his A. dicho iri gh is a mere state of. " aeg Doubtfal Species... ; T P č llus (Lindl.): shrubby ?. wooll y hout; ranches u Cm leaves thick, ah val, a m esau ; scales of the squamose i i à mhoin, go ed naked; tose sho i p+ t e E | TowssENDIA. t. eoMPOSITAE: . 77 v nA UNA y DS ; ; LÀ . © t d "act T * ; ds: 29. TOWNSENDIA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 16,119... Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous in a single series, pistillate, but sometimes infertile ; those of the disk tabular, perfect. Scales of the involucre numerous and closely imbricated, appressed, lanceo- e, with scarious margins. Receptacle flat, naked, areolate-fimbrillate. ays linear, often erect; the corolla of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed. Branches of the style lanceolate, rather acute, hairy towards the summit. cruel ‘the disk flat, obovate-oblong, pubescent or hairy, the margins 1-- ; those of the ray 3-nerved. Pappus of the disk-flowers composed of numerous rather rigid and uniform barbellate-scabrous bristles, as long as on corolla (slightly cohering at the base? persistent); that of the ray of fewer short subulate bristles or squamelle, sometimes with one or two slender bris- tles intermixed.—Dwarf acaulescent or subcaulescent herbs (natives of the _ Rocky Mountains and the banks of the rivers which rise on their eastern slope) ; with a branching caudex or a perpendicular root, and crowded linear orspatulate entire leaves. Heads large for the size of Kis plant, sessile or nearly so at the summit of the caudex, or of the proliferous branches. Rays rose-color or nearly white. i : * 1. Root perennial ; the caudex somewhat ligneous : rays fertile; the v pappus squamellate-subulate, and mostly with one or two capillary bristl resembling those of the disk.—TowNsENDIA proper. 1. T. sericea (Hook.! 1. c.): —— leaves spatulate-linear, silky-ca- ent, erect, surrounding and partly concealing the sessile heads ; scales - the involucre sabulatelaneeoate; 9 n dnd n — wit al ; s - or two long ones embiing those of the py ers.—Aster pus, Richards. ! a; on x. orm k: p ed. 2. p. Fairs of th each mach ipid y epito. — er slender. irs of enium minutely lower-bud, according to II ans is formed in the autumn and ands the following spring. . á 2. ia caudex, verdes stems, bran branching; 1 bes f= of the involucre oval-oblong, uu nne: T sert somewhat alveolate-Bimbrillate ; achenia ^" Ko k { i P A H & HE a .-: COMPOSTE = Townin — hairy; pappus of the ray composed of AY, one EAR setaceous bris- - be ames than the achenium.— Nutt. n trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. - p. 305. ear the e sources of the Platte in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall '—Plant about 2 inches high, densely cespitose and depressed, inclined to pro ucedi- . chotomous stems. Leaves about half an inch long, indistinct l Heads smaller than in T. sericea. Scales of the involucre oe he pubescent, with broad scarious and conspicuously fimbriate-ciliate mary Rays wie the emis of the disk, pale hlac; the pappus spei that of ie disk, but shorter - Root perennial: pappus deciduous in a ring ; that of the scarcely er- ud fertile rays equalling that of the disk.—Umornonus, Nutt. T. s spathulata Pie ! I. c.): densely Ale caudex branched ; leaves S or obovate, silky-villous, narrowed into a petiole as long as im owded, and nearly enclosing an i Sledite nena: — qM eola lanceolate, acute, scariou somewhat On the Black Hills of the Platte, uh 19 procedinz Nuttall Apian i . inches high. ‘Achenia oblanceolate, margined, slightly pubescent on the disk, and usually naked by the escape of the deciduous (barbellate) papp i an t c similar, the present plant probably constitutes an allie | genus.” ult Specimens are too old, and have lost their achenia as well as pappus apa abe ot is also Sree me s in the other species, when the fruit is fully V 3. Root annual, hickonelt at the summit, and producing depressed branch- ing stems : rays pistillate but infertile ; the short pappus composed of lacerate- — .. denticulate squamelle, often somewhat united at the base.—NANASTRUM. -.. (Subgen. Nanodia, Nutt., not of Banks.) »i d ce depressed; leaves dE ely ee : i ck H "Bil near ar the b. of di Pad Nul r i E : ar; r asin T. what d or coroniform. - ee grandiflora (Nutt.! L c.): diva S. tivi di Wee : epressed, often proliferous; leaves scattered, resin tend oc: utely dee the uppermost braeteate at the base ‘of thé (large) ... the involuere n , sub ome « margins, rays 25 AN enpued (pale lilac achenia mi- the Upper PI atte, Nuttall ! Dr. James! , ‘Jose eS pue UR ateral decumbent, ring a ingle heads the 1 "wt the ground, en branching and bésting 3or4 the cauline alternate. rx 5. xt å E. at CnxTOPAPPA. '" COMPOSITE. 187 30. GI TOPAEEA- DC. prodr. 5. p. 301. (1836.) Chzetanthera, Nutt., not of Ruiz g Pavon.— TE pri Nutt. in herb. DC., not of Agardh.—Diplostelma, Raf. (1836.) Eiis about 20-flowered; the ray-flowers 8-12, pistillate, in a single se- ries ; those of the disk tubular, perfect ; the central mostly infertile or abor- tive. Scales of the involucre about 12, lanceolate, acute, rigid, with scarious margins, loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, carinately 1-nerved; the outermost shortest. Receptacle narrow, naked. Rays linear-oblong; the corolla of the disk infundibuliform-tubular, 5-lobed. Style somewhat included; the branches short, very obtuse. Achenia nearly terete, somewhat fusiform, 5- -~ striate, slightly hairy. Pappus of the ray and fertile disk-flowers similar, ble ; the exterior of 1-5 very small hyaline scales ; the interior of 5 rigid " — . Scabrous bristles nearly the length of the corolla: that of the central mostly — infertile flowers simple and similar to the exterior pappus of the fertile owers, or coroniform, the bristles wanting.—A small annual herb (4-10 : . inches), diffusely branching — the sees ipeo strigose. Ln» alter- nate, e ; the radical and spatulate, a pe- tiole; the upper linear. Heads terminating the brarichléfe) gulitary or loose- - . ly panieulate. Flowers of the ray pale purple or white. ; T C. asteroides (DC.! 1. c.)—Cheetanthera wf Nutt.! in jour. P x. Philad. 7. p. HH Cher d Nutt. ! in herb. DC. ag um ramosissimum, Engelmann! mss. m 'rairies and ied places, fetes) Nuttall t. ‘Dr. En gelma s .% Le avenworth ! to ) Tex xas, Mrs mond! March- —Heads about "t size ES nippu of the ne and of exterior perfect flowers is jT ~ all our d ral of the ns, flowers, althou perfect, are ij 3 “emailer M pa mer dian tiones in these the i inner pe: ae : . . Ang, and the deor Fey only ru uisa a coronifo plant. " EY ^. .. begins to flower when the he ee ut 2 pehes high ia a wx . „İn the season it branches very much, and pa num merous heads are Dort : dion pi: Now Md eor rw d e es f ^ et : í m M * c "A F Wu ; jO. prodr. 5. x 3k. ER 31. BOLTONIA. Dno ert anb 27; D Bots. p. " E E Ede many-flowered ; ‘the ray-flowers er in a single serie ye 2 |. . Cf the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the soie x ^ Somewhat in 2 series, appressed, scarcely pes , j ‘what membranaceous margins. Receptacle hemispheric erical or "conical, ob- i E urely alveolate. eim of the. style Tinear-oblong, with very short ap- E. pendages. A vate or slig! ight ly: ate, ridi. ee “iin wig i the ray often 3-winged, glabrous or s irae pe _ Pappus of several bimi pn ^ frequently 188 COMPOSITE. Borronik brous and somewhat glaucescent paniculately branched herbs, with the habit of Aster. Leaves mostly vertical, lanceolate, sessile, entire, or the lower rarely serrate, with scabrous and somewhat cartilaginous margins. Heads rather small, loosely corymbose or paniculate. Rays white or purplish. 1. B. asteroides (L'Her. 1. c.): achenia broadly oval, oe $ pappus of 4 or 5 minute setulose teet th, similar in the disk and ray, deciduous; heads loosely ES mbose; leaves lanceolate, entire, or the lower NIE serrate. —Ai ew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 197 ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 132; US Ast. Te Matricaria asteroides, Link. mant. p. 116. pe a ach Carolinianu anum, Walt.! Car. p. 204. Pennsylvania, Bartram, Aide: ) and along the mountains to the S States !—Heads larger than . diffusa, but rather smaller than in B. glas- tifolia, which it closely reéém bles; sos from w a 4 is Ni dene by the minute pappus. "This would appear to be a only a single specimen, sre d in Burke Gebers. s Gariad I ps Mr. M. Sac Curtis ; and Elliott did not meet with it in the ow country of the Southern I x - B. glastifolia (L'Her. 1. c.): achenia obovate, b d winged, Qn sligiiy hairy; pappus of several very short bristles, and (especially in ib disk) with 2, or sometimes 3-4, more or less elongated dobier awns; head y rix corymbose ; npe lanceolate the lowest often serrate.— Ait. ! l. c.5 lichx.! l.c. ; Willd. spec. 3. p. 9161; Sims, bot. mag. t. 2381; xe sk. 2. p. 399; Nees, Ast. Pf 9357 Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 933; DC.! B.? decw : leaves elongated lanceolate, rather thin, decurrente on the ' stem; the broad decurrent portions usually terminated by short lar oe lobes, thus appearing sagitta amps and wet places, Diaper ¢ Canada, Penns sie. d nearly . throughout the Southern and Western Stat 8. Wet prairies of Illinois, Dr | i uie d ^—Plant 3-7 feet high. Leaves d inches es base, e. Butin Mc B. w is perhaps a distinct Vots os ue leaves are of the e br ughout in the only specimen we h é seen, of the branches Closely sessile; the ciie (upper) vndy Sx = . difusa (EIL): achenia x eri ege rather narrowly. winged ; pappus of several very short bristles, and 9 short subulate awns; he ^j (small) tie fusely. paniculate ; branches and branchlets very numerous and slender; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; those of the Princi small, linear; those of the | hlets subulate.— Ell. sk. 2. 2. p. 400; Hook. compan. to bot. ir m l. p. 97 * $e ; DC.! prodr. 5. P- 301. B. asteroi des, Sims, bot. mag. 5 "n ,, Damp il ran er — Le. Southwestern States from Georgia! x to Western pet on. -Oct.—Stem very 24 E | CUIUS breie Nat us coal me ii eee p ies not more ae half the sizeof — iugi. ns the achana malin operons the stout awns not their be ex ^k — Bubdis. 2. hs ae: DC Perge none — — boar, Perss. COMPOSITÆ. 189 hs Receptacle conical, slightly alveolate. Branches ofthe style short and broad. Achenia obovate, compressed, slightly hairy or hispid. Pappus none.—Low å herbs (natives of Europe, with a single exception), either acaulescent and perennial, or caulescent and annual. Leaves mostly obovate or spatulate. Heads solitary, terminating the scape or branches. Rays violet-purple, rose- color, or white.— Daisy § Annual: stems branched.—Kyberia, Neck. ; - B. integrifolia (Michx.) : € pne d leaves entire, eite ly hairy Uum "enit the radic spat tulate-obov. ate, scarcely upper lanceolate or cien Siei : iara elongated ; scales of the volnera lanceolat ate, acuminate, with m membranaceous margins ; gi achenia somewhat eb ropa Micke. ffl. 2. p. 131; Hook? bot. wg te t. 3455; DC.! l.c. ‘idling 3, dee reus ,e€xsyn. Astranthium int grifolium, Nutt.! in - Am hil. so "3 Along streams and in Adrien Nds ky! y ea e! Arkansas! and Texas! ».. March-June.—Stems 4-12 inches shiek Heads abo as large as the true Dai- -sy (B. perennis) ; the ray pale purple or violet. Sept of the involucre clothed with scattered ae acuminate into a bristly point. Appendages of the style a i ge e longer than in B. annua. Rays piacilate, pt apparently ep fer- i afi ied to be a true 2h of Bellis annua, as Hooke 33. APHANOSTEPHUS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 310. _ Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers pistillate; those of the disk tubu- A lar, perfect. Scalesof the involucre imbricated in a double series, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with scarious margins. Receptacle conical, large, naked. -Rays linear, twice the length of the involucre ; the corolla of the disk tubu- » lar, 5-toothed, narrowed at the base. Branches of the style short, flat, termi- pated by a very short obtuse flattened cone. Achenia terete, obscurely A , nearly glabrous. Fappus det p i maoks C oae aes nearly entire.—Annual? or p d Te exan) + heats” Leaves aliéciite, inciscly toothed or lobed. Heads M: a . culate, terminating the breticklets, UT white. 1 €T 2f A ndm =. Le * 1 ‘A. Ridd lelli: B Am ú> exico by ap} cord ral chycomes, and ap differs fogs celis species of Bellis in the minute pappus; rennial Spanish Bellis (B. papulosa, os > Bow) exhibits a titer pappus, it is evident that the ew genus scarcely "E y deserves to be distinguish * Div.2. Currsocomes, DC. —Heads pithet beterogamons and radi- ` — $ ate, or homogamous and discoid (both form nthesame | : s genus) ; the rays and disk-flowers yellow and “i unchanging. Receptacle never: “sage Sy Vc ^ , coxsPEcrUs OF THE GENERA. : : i * EU Subdiv. 1, GYMNOSPERMEE. Pappus n none. — V Maias" à 35. Grarsosrzmon. Rays few, very small. WV Wu rp c sw Subdiv. 2. Acnrarex.—Pappus chaffy or E TE n 36. Pacara, Mehenia of thé disk ; the narrow scales of the. - e CU ok mnitedoast ih base; of the ray fertile, * a short at ay * _ * S-Gurmmasan. A of the disk and ra bloc NP 4 Sibi. 3. 3. Som Pappus : hms gèn. the disk gv cre € * crei utr a rarely squan ke bristles F 2 : * bu | € : an ai H En | CHRYSOCOMEE. COMPOSITE. 191 * Pappus of very short squamellate bristles. 38. Bracuycuzta. Rays and disk-flowers each 4-5. Lower leaves cordate. i * * Pappus of elongated capillary bristles. — = 99. Sotrpaco, Rays few, gid none ; disk-flowers several. Eg alveolate. 40. Bicgnovia. Rays non sk-flowers 3-4. Receptacle cuspi ^41. Linosyris. Rays n $e s losers 5-many. Receptacle —— Achenia iss yum. -villou 42, Ammopia. Rays none: disk-flowers numerous, Scales of the enbia sca- pre rious-membranaceous. Achenia attenuate, hairy. 43. Macronema. Rays 6-8, or none: disk-flowers numerous. Scales E the in- - volucre scarcely in two series, with foliaceous tips. Achenia hairy. = 44. age ge Rays 3-6: disk-flowers 7-9. Scales of the oblong or cynical volucre imbricated. Achenia glabrous. Pappus E Sige. Rays 8-12: disk-flowers numerous. Seales of the ggg anan 4 involucre broad, EEr imbricated. Achenia silky-villous. Pappus ; lie iM ant * ése enpi i ya 46. IsoPAPPUs. Rays 5-12: disk-flowers 10-20, Seales of the cylindrical involuere , lanceolate-subulate. Achenia villous. Pappus equal, in a single series. * + * Pappus of numerous — bristles, more or less rigid. BUS y" 47. APLOPAPPUS. do amg x or turbinate, villous or silky. Pappus of co- » E UM pi rhe d espero bristles. TU iw 48. Pynrocoma. led, glabrous. Pappus of copious uniform slender a ba vues s feleti m Es Patoxorsis. Achenia ovoid, at Pappus of very unequal deciduous ^ bristles; some of them v rim a 50. OENTaAURIDIUM. Achenia turbing pubescent. Pappus of several nearly defi- nite subulate persistent + bellies Jm o s * * * Pappus of few rigid awns or bristles. _ 51. GRINDELIA. Pappus of 2-8 corneous caducous awns. : WR Pentacuzta. Pappus of 5 persistent rigid bristles. 950 Suldiv. 4. HETEROTHECEÆ —Pappus of the ray and disk dissimilar. 53. Baaonvnia. ide the ray double; the exterior of short and squamellate, the © : r of capillary barbellate bristles; that of the disk of 2 chaffy awns. ‘ E 54. Herenorueces: Pappus of the ray none; ; of the disk as in Chrysopsis. - 252 Subdiv, 5. Cunysorsinex:—Pappus of the ray and disk similar, double. - i PW ES Curysopsis. Exterior pappus rt, sctose Salis ‘the inner capillary. d iy Ee : i T Bubdiv. T Grawosrsanee, a, DC—Pappas esl ening. H x. : s "35. GYMNOSPERMA. Less. syn- p- 194; DC. prodr.: 5. p- 3n. ‘Heads 8-14-fi flowerdd; the ray-flowers 3-5 ( someti wanting very nar- p row, and with an extremely. Lien codon der IL fe klar ‘a and ect, sometimes: sterile. Involucre oblong ; the SC imbricated, ap- E d 4 192 COMPOSITE. GYMNOSPERMA- portion. Achenia oblong-cylindrical, slightly compressed, destitute of pap- pus.—Suffruticose and fastigia T. er (American) plants, glabrous, mostly glutinous or varnished, st ged - Solidago $ Euthamia. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, , sessile, entire, punc- tate. Heads small, ternate or JH at the summit. of the branchlets, ly corymbose-fastigiate. Flowers yellow. - G. corymbosum (DC.) : shrubby ; branchlets somewhat angled, dicho- Re ieee ep leaves iiiv oblong [o or nena lenwetiaie tapering to each end, somewhat viscid, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves slender; hea ag- ed ilies together at the summit of the branchlets S-flowered ; the ray- flowers 5, those of the disk about 3 Gl Texas, Dr. Riddell !/—Ligules not half the pone of the tube. Achenia minutely puberulent.—De Candolle describes the leaves as oblong, but men tions at the same time their length as 12 to 15 lines, and their breadth 2 lines Subdiv.2. Acuyripes, DC. 1 persistent chaf- fy scales, or short and coroniform, alatis nearly obsolete in the ray. 36. AMPHIACHYRIS. DC., (§ of Brachyris) notie. 7. pl. rar. Genev. p. 1,t. 1, & prodr. 5. p.313; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 313. Heads many-(20-40-) flowered ; the ray-flowers (8-10) ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a single series; those of the disk staminate and pistillate, but by the abortion of the ovary infertile. Involucre obovoid, shining as if varnished ; the scales 10-12, rigid, appressed, imbricated, often bracteolate at the base, the summit abruptly somewhat foliaceous, mostly obtuse. Re- coriaceous, ‘ pe alveolate. Corolla of the ray oblong, with a very short tube; of the . disk much T i smaller, infundibuliform, 5-toothed. Branches of the style (in the disk-flowers) oblong-linear, rather acute, papillose-hispid quite to the base. Achenia of the ray oblong or obconic, somewhat inda with a minute coro- 4 niform or nearly obsolete pappus; of the disk none or a mere rudiment; the * — pappus of 5-8 scarious very narrowly linear ale slightly dilated towards — the summit, about the length of the corolla, united at the base into a campan- ulate tube.—A perennial (or possibly sometimes aaa herb, or suffrutes- cent glabrous plant, fastigiately much branched (in the manner of Solidago § Euthamia, with the involucre much asin Sericocarpus) ; with lanceolate or - narrowly linear and entire sessile (1-3-nerved) impressed-punctate — the margins scabrous. Heads deg the numerous branchlets. Flow Ard s. duet PT l c.)—Nutt.! in trans. soc. l. €. mer. phil. ris ramosissima, Hook.! ic. pl. t. 142 ; DG. podr 1. 28. Nuttall! Pourtales ! as, Drum ! Sept. -3 feet high? the branchlets- angled, "Leaves 1-2 inches long; often lines wide; or all narrow and 2 lines in width in -); the lower obscurely Saeed emis more by, cmm apa i pul not observed so man pappus in the ray ai opret e 4 MS P t cd 5 E i f, ih " a i € E ^ GurikRREZIA. COMPOSITE. 193 37. GUTIERREZIA. Lagasca, nov. gen. & spec. dete p. 30; Don, and Hook. & Arn. in compan. to bot. mag. 2. p. 51 E Brachyris, M. C pe esky 8 1. (excl. no. 6)& Hemiachyris, DC. iid Heads 8-40-flowered ; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a single y series ; those of thé disk tubular, perfect and fertile. Involucre campanulate = Or turbinate ; the scales appressed and closely imbricated, rigid, with some- ë. what foliaceous greenish tips. Receptacle naked. Corolla of the ray oblong - er oval, with a short tube; of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed ; the teeth short, recurved. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers linear, elongated, `- obtuse, hairy down to the very short stigmatic lines at the base; in the ray glabrous, the stigmatic lines extending to the summit. Achenia somewhat . _ Obeonic and terete, pubescent or silky. Pappus of several linear or oblong — chaffy scales, mostly in a double series, persistent ; that of the ray sometimes obsolete or wanting. —Perennial or suffruticose plants (natives of the region * beyond the Mississippi, and of Mexico and South America to the extremity of. .. the continent), glabrous, somewhat. glutinous and. balsamic, with linear or > lanceolate entire mostly impressed-punctate alternate leaves. Heads solit Kg d egated (about 3 together) at the summit of the et igre or paniculate E p eii, Flowers yellow. E gE ry - Jn l. Pappus as long as the Dolce) more or lis distinctly à in i doa ries ; that of the ray similar to the disk, or often shorter. —Goneanena, Sea by (Brachyris, Nutt.) Californica : stem terete, somewhat paniculate at the sum “leaves eck acute. do. ph set t the base, — wis ciliate, preg l-nerved ; he rs us of mostly 9 carer bnc: rather acute an the : oum 3 Arn.! bot. Ts P Stem a foot high. Limb e lig Pappus oa gei. in a double se Toker & Arnott cage this not only ably cad. linearifolia, Z s are shorter and. 4 iene are sa MM : i arrowly Tinear,' oe attenuate at rs base, 1- y T co ompound, fastigiate, OE glomerate eA ical; flowers of the ray and d about 5; quom qe mostly of 9 ec dnm obtuse ch th ofthe ach FEN S jor.-~Am. 2. p. DE. i-e, Bra es vachyi } uam: Spreng. a E AB ursh, 3 , id hills of r Missouri, & Sa aN "Nutall * tithe siia A Di /—S$te 6-12 inches high. Ligulate a seo maing ‘the limb mb bony or Pa i: ab us in a double series ; 5 that € in ^r E: ES i : d È x oe da COMPOSIT/E. E 3 GUTIERREZIA: s 3. G: divaricata: suffruticose; stems much branched above, divaricate- E owe pus of 9or 10 narrowly linear acutish chaffy s cem those of the disk longer : n the achenium.—Brachyris divaricata, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc 2 (n. ser.) 7. p. 313. B On the Platte near the Rocky Mountains, with the preceding, Nuttall /— Plant with a habit of the following, and nearly the achenia and pappus of G. Californi § 2. Pappus of the disk short and nearly coroniform, of the ray obsolete or none.—HeMiacnynis, DC ~ _of the ray 5-7, of the disk 7-105 | pappus of the ray n obsolete ; of f ihe . disk consti of several very small ovate Shay piles Pi bsg Texana, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 314. rachyris n. sp. Nutt.; Torr.! in C. ic. rk. B. microc Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall, Dr. James! Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, mmond! Berlandier! Dr. Leavenworth ! Dr. separ Aug.-Sept.— . Stems 1-3 feet high; the branchlets, heads, &c., somew Pues varnished. — Scales of the involucre lanceolat te-oblong, with cari Corolla of =a Duc; uo Style as in the preceding species. Ache minutely - 2 Subdiv. 3. Sor inAciNE X, DC.—Rays in a single series, or often none. Pappib o) Se similar in the disk and ray, sinple, of capillary or setiform, rarely squamellate e ^d — PONE E Aa 1 Md Pa UB BRACHYCH TA. : ks. "1 Heads €-10-owered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile ; those of " 7. the disk tubular, perfect and fertile. Inv, oluere cylindrical; the scales — - .. (about i em am appressed ; the outermost short, the others oblong- linear, with somewhat greenish but scarcely herbaceous tips. Receptacle ‘Marrow, naked. Ray-flowers 4-5 ; the tube of the corolla as long as the - oval li : corolla of the disk dilated above, 5-cleft; the lobes lanceolate. _ as Branches of the style (in the disk-flowers). acute, produced above the short . and flat stigmatic portion, into a deltoid- lanetlate minutely hispid acumina- . tion. Achenia somewhat obconic. Pappus of the disk and ray similar, e consisti TO juamellate bristles, in a a single series, shorter 2t. ies = the achenia—A peronii Bert, with the habit of Solidago ; the stem simple or gly paniculate at the summit, Leaves alternate, pena Sx À petioles ; sharply s e; the fecal roundish. H E A pen E. : ose-gio te, nearly sessilé; the clusters, or near the summit the Bs heads, disposed i in an elongated and interrupted apegan leafless | l or spike. yellow. oe Bracnyenmra. | —— COMPOSITAE. . 188 R B 106.. S. cordata, Short! suppl. cat. Kentucky plants. Brachyris ovati- folia, DC.! prodr. 5 Wooded hill- sides of Kentucky Rafinesque ! Dr. Short! &c. a the mountains of North Carolina, as far east as Wilkes County, Mr. Curtis! 4 ves 3-5 inches broad, mo vom inate, RO veined mye ye the ovary, which, if prolonged to the length of the corolla, would form form bristles ay sronda than those of Solidago. _ 39. . SOLIDAGO. Lindl ; Gaertn. fr. t. 170; Schkuhr, handb. t. 946; pe. Solidago, st a & Chrysoma, Nutt. a > Sic ie = s Nac. Heads in terminal or axill racemes c or clusters, sometimes corym- .. bose; the pedicels often unilat , Flowers m ar^ mye white in 8. pes mcd purplish; unequal pappus slightly thickened at the apex! : heads in glomerate clus- "veiny ; the lower narrowed into tho T ^ + Rays none: cia of i diy rd inner bristles of the pappus manifestly.“ 7 ge aw Bé € ar ; a discoidea: stem some "vate. coarsel toothed or serrate, xa p sco ii € iver ; me $ upper oblong or ovate-lanceol ate, acute at each. i niculate, often | somew ine petioled ; the _uppermos t entire 5 mh cre inear- opm E Ft Aene scales of the canescently ew ideus ry st: 2 acute, squarrose one ar rs 10-15. cordata.—Solidago sphacelata, Raf.! ann. mat. (1820.) p. 44. no. AA € s. Hals few-many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few (1-16), or. — Tg pe» wanting ; those of the disk tubular; di" Scales of the oblong involucre - 5 i4 E Loi bita Um ays 12-16, or P otii pne qs inner pad sian p SN kde or racemes disposed in a compound. spike or panicle: leaves ORA E what -villoos, branching a above ; ; leaves mostly ~ me p.358; D Ls eig ; ; Ák in A the Alabama pore l eo i S ema oad ia x: š Lan w ^w E d TA F 196 COMPOSIT E. een ^ Drummond! Sept.-Oct. —Stem 2-4 feet high, stout, ome with ah »» villous pubescence. Leaves membranaceous, veiny, pale beneath, more or less pubescent, or se villous, eepecisily on nthe veins, minute- ly pubescent above ; the lower 2-4 inches long, with margined petioles about the same length, often 2 ais wide, mostly acute and mucronate ; the up- per gradually reduced in size, less serrate. Racemes erect, dispos sed in irgate pani Head n the succeeding species, often some- what clustered. Scales of the involücre pale below, with — squar rose herbaceous tips. Achenia narrow, glabrous or nearly so -— pubescent when young. Pappus copious, $ r. pman, times turning purplish, unequal; the longer bristles manifestly sire atl . thickened at the apex In Mr. Elliott’s specimens o ae interesting plant, e pappus is purplish, but the corolla npe ars to be yellow (not * pale pur- ple’), as it certainly is in the other specimens we have met with. That of - Chapman belongs to a large plant, apparently 5 feet high, with an open panicle, and the he ads s are nearly as large n S. squarrosa: the ac heni nia cimen of erb. Hook. e ema: TO ind Vibe labios leaves. In noneo do we find any trace of ray-flowers. . »* Rays 12-16 : pappus unequal, a portion of the longer bristles obscurely thickened at the apex. 3 - S. squarrosa (Muhl.): stem glabrous below, very pubesce T “at the i * dh pe leaves mors glabrous, elliptical-lanceolate or vi Te wv SCH- "o brous-ciliate, acute, wed at the base, sessile; the low: t broadly a -oval, taperi into oa dés ac eee Thea (large) în * shor clus- in afy c mpoun ing i ters or glomerate racemes disposed etg scales of ne unutely oe involuer erigi bucie in seve- ries, wi 16 to 24; achenia 3t abro —Muhl.! p79 (fide s 5. p. 337 : not of Nutt. i pa: acad. E Ga ifeftiliora, Nutt. 1 in jour. mee ilad. 7. p. 102 iu o 4; notof DC. S. few s. cà Pursh, fl. 2, p. 542? ank a n in spike o: a foot or more long; which is composed o ters (the lower er shorter the upper ore ed Rx reduced leaves or ‘bracts from the axils of which they arise), oi p TACE „about 2 inches in length. Scales of the. inyolucre oblong , rigid, with lare Pa ly lace acerate-ciliate margins ; ; the innermost rab È in only the e plant syi KAA origin: X New RE and irn 1 E. E d. abe ÜSonmae o COMPOSITA. 197 z ghee with that appellation, is to be found in the Banksian en which B is Pus sole ARE, jr the peso. w we have not presu o discard the . ; appropriate name . squar especially since Pura’ description, € bug chiefly eee | is not sufficient to decide the poin § 2. Herbaceous : rays mostly fewer than the disk-flowers, — wanting heads more or less pedieallatésvariousl y disposed. isa i pila: (Tourn.) DC. * Heads in axillary clusters or short racemes, and. often racemose at the extremity of the stem or branches: leaves feather-veined. —Glomerulifloree. + Racemes or clusters often macs than the leaves, and racemose or spicate at the ummit of the stem or branches 3. S. bicolor (Linn.): hairy and often cinereous; stem simple, or som is. times branched at the summit; leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, acute at each end; the upper sessile and often entire; the radical and lower cau- * tc" "n & i l or spatulate-oblong, serrate, tapering into a petiole; h endet "lodi rate clusters or short the axils of the upper leaves, and f T an interrupted spike, or w cate somewhat leafy rac 06; Ho Am. ; Dar . p. 3 “a LAS s. Sia, Mi il. die Virga-Aurea flore albo, 4, f. 8. Aster bicolor, Nees. SYnops. ; Spreng. syst. * Hof the ray ‘and disk yellow.—S. hirguta, Nutt. ! ! in l. p. 103, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc oe a d Borders of Hone Canada ! katchawár! ! and North- . Ld to Kentucky! an mountains of Georgia. B. Kenmeky, Pe ladelphia, E Gambell! . Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet very hairy or villous towards the base, commonly simple ; the mr rather ‘ge heads approxijoaio em and forming an opi graduall reduc ed in size, Ee Sé es more ses- ^ -henia us or so w a mature; when yoüng sometimes carly 4 fasian but often 7 end. pubescent.—We in no way distinguish the SS. hirsuta, 4) .from m. S. a t by th xr of the rays, in which the latter di ers from the _ . rest of the iu d i. 2 oe, hae ver, are E^ pure white in S. bicolor, but cre; s color; andin some specimens, as in those from S Saskatchaw an menti al 2 : Hader, they appea: cie lig ht yello’ ad UNS 4, S. lanata villous or woolly throughout; stem branched ios: ; 198 COMPOSITAE. &" SosipAdo: spikes about 2 licher s long. Leaves siliuhrinicegos s the lowest nearly 4 r inhib long, including the winged geo y uppermost very small. Heads smaller than in S. Carn p otherwise very similar, about looney Achenia minutely p bescent brous ae a ien t t Clusters or glomerate racemes mostly short and axillary. 5. S. pubens (M. A. Curtis! mss.): stem virgate, nearly ied ape — D A ; leaves (m renun anaceous) oval-lanceo acumi- nate at each e essile, coarsely and unequally serrate- obo a nea arly me brous above, ga Désoeni dülecially on the f veins and midrib beneath ; headsi kp ica ai the lower aep the ved approximate and for ntracted virgate raceme; involucre as well as the very py puri a C ani a fà scales linear, rather obtuse, unequal; rays and disk-flowers e ; enia canesc ow ach 4-7 ; ac . Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North C'arotisi: Mr. Curtis! Aug.- ept.—Stem slender, apparently pts and 2-3 feet high; the e portion often a foot long, with 7 or 8 of the lower indak clusters mu shorter than the res: "ihe. po similar but crowded (the subtending. ues -5 ong 6. S. Buckleyi: stem and lower surface of the oblong (acute at each end) subsessile leaves villous-pubescent; heads in small (l axillar x clusters a much shorter than the leaves; pedunel cles villous; scales of. the involucre early glabro X nearly glabrous, X r acute ; the exterior ovate-lan ceolate, short ; rue in i. ta most linear; rays , the ‘disk- aie 9-12; o short and broa pS eae in 1?) damos ama, Mr. S. B. Buckley! Oct. — tem (simple or vette "n i eius 2 feet or more in height, almost villous with soft hairs, ee 3 je summit. Leaves a inc ong, an da ped . hort cemes or clusters v sens cre shorter than the disk; the outermost scales bos pubescent. Rays rat bien ig Achenia perfectly de erai apparently compressed !—The only esiti we possess is somewhat imperfect. 7 S. latifolia (Linn.): stem angled, often. flexuous, glabrous: leaves. broadly ov. ate or oval, very strongly and sh y serrate- soothed, conspicu- th ends, or somewhat petioled, mostly hairy on pum r--Am. 9. p. 5; Darlingt. jl. Cest- p. 460. S. macrophylla, 2.p.305. Vi Aurea Cates a ze E o a Ue s. Ec cC - Ld Soupaco. * | COMPOSITÆ. 199 Bat. t. 244 (poor). V. montana Peropholscnibli, Pluk. alm. t. 235, f. 3. * V. latissimo folio Canadensis glabra, Pluk. l. . 4? (Varies, with the omerate regen. which us ually do not exceed de margined petiole or at- | enuate base of the leaves, puc. prolonged and exceeding "T leaves, x et en or Spl os or pov e. S. flexicaulis, var. 2. Michz. * C! iat w banks Pe small streams, Ne and Northern "States to ‘Kentucky ! and the mountains and upper country of Georgia. g.-Oct.—Stem usually simple, 1-3 feet high, ven commonly flexuous, andi by 2 or 3 y decutrent jo from the base of thé leaves, often hairy or pubescent at the summit. Leaves membranaceous, 3-5 or 6 inches long, permost i Ai wide (the upper smaller and the up much reduced in size), abruptly narrowed (the lowermost sometimes almost cordate) at the to a wing eti fully as long as "e c t ase e of the leaf, closely, unequally, and very sharply serrate-toothe ost laciniate-toothed, the teeth ro quiae. and spr reading, oñen ilani the upper sur rface glabrous, or scabrous with short scattered h Heads middle-sized ; the clusters or Sinne) ipi sessile.—It must be ar mitted that RA col forms of S. cesia sometimes too closely ap- . — proach this s, yet we cannot vut voor mina as distinct. The v dins sBlady petoled leaves, with closely set and spreading teeth, and the | angular stem, obviously distinguish the S. latifolia; which is one of the most n. common a es throughout the Northern States S. ca sia (Linn.): stem terete, simple or branching, seldom flexuous, E labia, mastly glaucous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, = serrate, acuminate, sessile; he ads in short axillary clusters, and some Doi e ` iaeei ob ulate at the summit; peduncles paeet ge “no. ; ed. 2. p. - Cest. p. 4 ME T prodr. 5. 336. S. flexicaulis, Linn. ! a E 6 excl. ui Smith, l. c. ; not of Ait., . S. fle 7 Michz,! fl. 2. p. 118. S. axillaris , Pursh! fl. 2. p. 542; Beck, bot. j * 193; DC: prodr. 5. p. 335. S. livida, Willd. enum. p. 890 ; ... globular clusters, or in more or less prolonged racemes at the summit of the wc or p ; the leaves ye from oblong-lanceolate to elongated linear- ceolate, &c. : cef and thidkets, C anada! to Georgia ! and Louisiana! - Aug— EL 4 Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high, slender, often _purplish, and of a glaucous hu hue. : ves m or even 6 inch loi alic e-third or half mme to an inch and a ept t] but iilo. irregular ly an or often coarse and somewhat Spr Ede $ radical and lowermost ite or oblong a . Heads nearly as large a in Sc latifolia; on the i Dillenius. Although th n the herbarium of Linneus certainly in i, yet we are ae r P p peel gti SET rc he specific phrase given by Lin- to S. latifolia. Those eb s 20. p = 200 COMPOSITE. E Sonnii however, who unite the two wee very properly adopt the name of S. flexicaulis. 9. S. Curtisii: stem tall, -— Mici and simple, dig angled, nearly is geen vy elongated-lanceo olate, smooth and mostly glabrous, finel and sharply se above the middle, gradually tapering to the base, sessile, sharply ME nate; hea dsi in pue and sessile "ae clusters, all mam times shorter than the lea volucre minutely pubescent; the exterior coy short (ien. the ot heri linear, rather obtuse; rays and aar os ach 4-6; ar minutely pubesc Th ? monticola: leaves sparin ay mie cope the upper EM longer eed the subsessile glomerate clusters, the uppermost reduced to bracts ; ma Kd the about 15-flowered orbc narrowly-linear, acute; - achenia gla Mountains “of North Carolina (8. Yellow Mountain), Mr. M. A. Curtis! Xd the involucre narrower, &c.—We have only an imper- font specimen PE r. B.* which a appears i be a Wm y plant, with shorter. leaves; the Viii clusters approximate, and near the summit forming a pen — rrupted spike; the beads rather smallek but the flowers more 10. S. a (Ait): stem somewhat flexuous, ene angled, branching ; agree oblong-lanceolate, densely serrate, slightly hairy benea ath ; racemes erect; rays elongated Deae of the involucre lanceolate, acute; achenia canescently hairy]. Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 217; ; Smith, in Rees, -; DC. prodr. 5. p. ie ? (The additions to the character derived from ^ Wins in herb. 8.) ancifolia: le: inen elongated lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate unculate, somewhat co und or paniculate, numerous, al but E tha iis ped mpoun . the E longer an the leaves, forming an elongated panicle; Tays rather smal Do ? described from specimens of unknown origin, cultivated in 1759 by Miller, and in the Kew Garden. Smith supposes that it may be a variety of S. latifolia; **from which it differs in its somewhat narrower leaves, and much greater length-of the pe clusters of flowers, which com- t anicle." The gure belongs to a latifolia; and the plant pat ie Beet S. ambigua in the Berlin Garden, and some others, is is probably nothing but a state of that species. But the original plant must be different, as the scales kd is (perhaps 20- A am involucre are lanceolate or linear-lanceolate and more imbri- If really of American origin, the plant we eve doubtfally subjoined | X Tere tt Kad distinct from it it.—The latter was collected on the a cites from Plukenet doubtless |". olina by Mr. M. 2n Curtis. The angular . o ar Copa bely DEUS and 3 feet in ec (the is wanting in pe aa the flower-bearing foot long, nico e Pe pubescent. The . ms instead of pica docente Ee NDS narrowed into a short etiole, as in the original S. a (like a narrow-leaved var. of - olia), are Péoagusd] lanceolate pas gradually from near the mid- base, 4 to 5 inch n an inch in widt h, thin , smooth and se te, acuminate ape « ‘erect or solar EE - more or less compound, naked at : di E "Rud # T s$ 3 a P" E. ; se " P £ st. ex " - a sh "xul. ka 3 Soupaco. - COMPOSITE. 201 the base (pedunculate) ; in lower about 3 siue in dent but rather shorter than the subtending leaves; the upper suc ane longer than the reduced narrowly je ate and near oe : heads usually à crowded on the branches in ihe raceme, on Bos ons i or nearly sessile. - Scales of the involucre glabrous or minutely granular, similar to the original = S. ambigua, or perhaps a little broader. Achenia canescently hairy.—If we à mistake not, this is by no means an. uncommon species in the mountains of North Carolina, but we have only seen the living plant before the flowering oy * * Racemes terminal, erect, not secund, either ee and virgate, or compound and = paniculate: leaves feitléhdeined, — Virga ll. S. virgata (Michx.) : aires. A rite, Lair stem virgate, simple, C very slender; leaves somewhat fles e, with scabrous margins ; the radical ; low ve cun oblong-spatu i or oblanceolate, often obscurely those of the aipetated dippe E of the stem mall and bract- ike heads i he soe numerous, very strict or ot aliove compound ra- . ceme; scales of the involucre linear-lanccolate, pa abrous; rays 5-7, one ursh, fl. 2. . . .bama!. Sept.-Oct.—(June to Oct., Ell.)—Stem 2-4 fe et high, very strict = and ine, leafy throughout, but the leaves of the upper part of the stem reduced to mere bracts (one-half to one-fourth of an inch in pe term y ) i ich is com . shor approximate racemes, bearing 3-6 heads; the short peduncles and joue Preicela SPP aes glabrous, furnished with subulate bracts. The al r often m r-less secund ; and occasionally te inflores- cence is more > compound a d Bape eA Heads about 16-flow x- . terior scales of the involucre short and often subulate ; E dn ee inner d acute. - - Radical Rea od hes long, including the margined petiole, 6-12 lines d E obscurely | serrulate, or not unfrequently quite Ponti Pe 9. S. pulverulenta (Nutt.) : ee and softly puberulent; b simple, ~~. * Vitis: vs leafy ; cauline leaves short, obovate-oblong, obscurely ve veined, : mostly nitive, often mucronate i eate, attend at the base poets ; the radi- i cal and lowermost oblong or spatulate, serrate, tapering into a petiole ; heads . .. Bumerous, crowded on the short peduncles, Sa isposed in a long and strict - | a j | €ompou raceme; scales of the involuere na rrowly lanceolate, acute, ap- 3s pressed; rays Aboi ace e d ve glabrous. —Nutt.! p rj i SUE Ell. sk. 9. p odr. 5. p. me *g. : uncles somewhat ‘elongata and often spreading, forming an ex- thay. compound r j rgia and Florid: mag Baldi Alabama, Dr. Gates! North Carolina, - s caes Cur oe Se en 2-3 feet high, vel strict and simple, C a ; and so a pud) s 8-16 idiches A M: i whio mi cde s RA of S. puberula ; m others ually dimin id xad half to i inch in length, an aod fr from 6 to 3 lines in mex ipe or ob-. ig; the lower ofi - Heads as large as in S. pubersii, Po aa florescence; but in some specimens (var. 8.) the o racemes of considerable le ngth. 202 COMPOSI TÆ. Sourpaco. 3. S. puberula iie ): very minutely sepia stem simple; * Wie leaves lanceolat ed gie be see: to in base, sessile, mostly entire; ahs lower oblanceolate and somewhat serra | UN "low rest and radical oblong- spatulate, serrate towards hë e apex, pet tioled: hi (middle- oni in nume- rous compact erect-spreading racemes (often compound), formin elonga- ted or sometimes thyrsiform “panicle ; bsc of. the involucre linear subulate appressed; rays about 10, yE ; achenia nearly —— — Nutt. 2. p. 162 ; Darling. f Cest. p. 4 59; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. er cens, Ell.! sk. 2. p. 381; DC. L c. Sandy woods &c. m ostly in damp soil, Maine x (Mr. Oakes !) and Mas- sachusetts! New Jer os &c.to Georgia! Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet na" the lower gg ee 23 nes tong and 6-8 lines wide, Ney dimin nis ^ upwards. Rac very numerous, et sho rt an disposed in a long an dense virgate d raceme, or narrow panicle; or with the lower ra- cemes elongated, and PM simple or compound, forming a more e expanded - pani icle. Heads about 28-flowered: ra olden vellow. AChE, very minutely pubescent ic is a lens, uS LAS or dee LE so when matu 14. S. confertiflora (DC.): herbaceous, glabrous, viscous; st leafy to the thvrsus; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-lan ceolate, serrate at the apex, entire below, aded ( pies: ir of the lover oneri into long pe- s Nery uch crowded in a apicilorin thyrsus; scales of the involucre liuéuf ien rays fiin and tcn D .! prodr. 5. P. 339, not of Nutt. S. glutinosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser-) T: p. sn S. compacta, T'urez. in bull. soc. nat. Mosc. 1840, p. 73? and Mulgrave Sound, ey x DC. Plains of the Oregon and Wahianet Nuttall !— About 2 feet birh wiara stem, angular g L4 hw radical attenuated into long petioles. Upper part of the stem, bracts, and in- volucrum indued with an orange varnish-like resin, of a strong, aromatic, uet unpleasant taste. Rays about 8-10 = observe 5-8] : discal florets - 5or6: pepper of the rays a little — " Nuit.—Not havin — the are not certain that the S. glut osa, Nu tt. is the s. fertiflora, DC. ; but we find no essential differen In the former, the EEIN, leaves are lanceolate-spatulate, 3~4 inches hg sh arply serrate near the apex, with pons rias at entire base, veiny and AR ir. triplinerved : the cauline lines wia, maer obscurely reticulate-vei , the lower more Sates at the base ‘Heads middle-sized, in short Vect racemes agi e aggregated in a i ean panicle. eie scales of the involu- E: inner- is orae or roundish, very short; the middle ones ovate-oblong, the CeT SA ong. Rays small. Achenia minutely pubesc S. spiciformis: glabrous or nearly so; stem ascending, simple (som what what glutinous Di leaves obovate-sp oen finely serrate, tapering 1 into a j th er into long margined stole’: reticulate- . ^i la scales of the veine; “rai piant; — ina dendé spike or mem rsus ; s adi Let essed, "potolaži ( ae TOUS ; os he ey aot ESI We SoripAco. COMPOSITE. 203 manifestly reticulate-veined beneath. Heads middle-sized or rather large, crowded on the short erect racemes, and disposed in a dense spike or Mage 3-5 inches in length, about 25- flowered. Rays short and inconspicuou 16. S. Californica (Nutt.): villous and cinereous : leaves nearly all equal and somewhat crowded, oblo Obg- -lanceolate, acute at each end, near the apex i achenia pubescent. Nutt.! in pe rg. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 238. S, retenu Less. in Linnea, 6. | 8. di cinereous-pubesce ent: artes oblong, mostly obtuse, attenuate n the baal iny; heads somewhat secund ? war petiolaris, Hook. & Arn bot. Beechey; p. 145, parv. S. puberula, Cham. & Schlecht. l. c. ? St. Barbara, California, Nuttall. 8. sean LR California, — Beech- igh. D abou * ey !1—“ Two or 3 feet high. Discal flov well as the "e vet: to e fino» TN nana]; but. abs: villous id bon jenva m-leaves are also nearly as large as the nd ones, about an inch or an Í pes aa a i half long, by ps ae half an agh wide." Nutt.—In the only i specimen of var. f, r part of the stem is wanting: the leaves are much like those of S. pelear the lower cen inches Jer considerably at- : ' tenuate at the base, the upper successively smaller, some of them obequi 4 . serrate towards the apex. The heads are not much larger than in S. nemo- lis, 14-16-flo werd m a ; the rays small, about 7. Scales & he invo- hil panicle Or ise nd raceme appears to have b ps on a rved and e 17. S. petri (Ait.): stem simple and aee da — epe non n leafy, covered with a close pubescence, nearly t t the mit ; leaves d or elliptical, mucronulate, veiny, — Wink n scabrous shown and puberulent-tomentose beneath (at least the midrib and veins), s scabrous-cilio- late; the upper — — ed i an slightly peioled ; the lower often serrate, narrowed a : heads (rather epica: in a single virgate ra- .. eeme or d i paene racemes ; scales of the pube dam, involucre lan- ceolate ; the exterior loo reading, oik: herbaceous; rays about Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. : P. 389, not of Pursh. js * Eus B. squarrulosa : ‘exterior scales of the involucre inear or subulate, more ierb us, SEC MERO Nutt.! in jour. acad. ee 7. È 102; not ne Nutt. b Or , nor of Muhl., dc $. P i ishin in A a f K AN © but very slightly petioled, usually serrate with "the F , slightly pet id, it ix Bas but. iu sessile. s» c upper E rounded a at the ae slightly peti or ease or often sev eral . on sor : ender‘b : 5 ng, EE T “ae yellow iat scales ofsbe ear with somewhat M crecnish tips, appressed ; D» exterior D" and loose , gradually passing into the subnlate bracts of of the podes i ar. B. these Ass are Pues E. a pe e. € à ü At * ts 2 ve SEM CC aee — - 204 COMPOSITE. © SOLIDAGO. umerous, and the attenuated and longer exterior involucral scales exactly peris them, giving the involucre a squarrose appearance. The extreme forms would see different species lh h no other dif- ce is observable) ; but a full suite of speci eat eve ada- tion uim D. — oe could less deserve gie name of S. petiolaris na : ves m 8 period, x. are so a. tly T that we believe no author has identified the plant by the character; but, as this is certainly the plant described in the ie | ju aA as well as by Smith, we do not feel at liberty to reject it. —For his S. erecta, Pursh cites Herb mss.; but there are no speci- mens with this name in the Banksian herba he not ro d the present species in view, to «cni his short character is not inapplicable. si —The S. petiolaris of the Berlin Garden, 1839 and of Link. enum. ?) is S. Virga-Aurea. The S. petiolaris, Thuillier, of the Paris Piss some other gardens, is S. Narbonensis, Pourr. (Vide S. elata . S. angusta : stem strict and simple, leafy, slightly inn s leaves edis mucronate- -o tapering to the base, sessile, sparsely v veined, with a noie ent midrib, glabrous, with ciliate-scabrous margins; the lower- most obsc — serrate cue the apex; the others entire; heads (rather racted raceme; scales of the almost glabrous involucre lanceo- late; the pint subulate,. loose, or at length squ shite tet in ing, some- what rbaceous ; rays about 10, elongated; achenia glabrou AMA dria, ie: cue Louisiana, Dr. Hale! A iis? ‘near the H Springs, Dr. Engelmann! | Sept.—Stem 3-4 feet high, vig very leafy i glabrous bbw: Éeobrbus-paberident, towards the summit. Leaves bright green above, pale beneath, oblanceolate, ciliate with hona and close bes odi hairs; the midrib and the few veins rather prominent on the lower surface ; the lowe er 3 inches or more in length, and nearly three-fourths IN A -— i È — p 5 EB IS are disposed in a narrow somewh wded raceme 4-6 inches long, lowered. Involucre and varie apparently slight: — Rays Bache p €—— Ac henia and ovaries perfectly glabro oa simples 1 is lanceolate acute ; d radical and loser cauline qe ngly appressed-serrate, ring into winged somewhat sheathing petioles; e upper sessile, entire; ‘racemes s simple or eens nd), appressed, nume- os forming a teanaed e panicle, which is. usually leafy towards the base ; eade ye imt gio. flowered ; scales of the ee ree lin Foa obtuse; rays 5-6, small; achenia gla- . p. 216; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2062; Pursh, rs Ms 2. p. 5 p K sd "habia haha rds. . appx . Frankl. bes ed. 9. p. 33 de id TP D pan o of le ye smooth to the summit, even _ nearly so of a firm 3 * Pad . Sommaco. ~+ COMPOSIT X. 205 popular name applied in Hortus Kewensis, *« Willow-leaved Golden Rod," is xe the panicle narrow and perfectly strict (6 to 18 inches long, nly 1-2 wide), entirely in fruit by the middle of September; the achenia P Me Sisbroul, or MS presen cin i few amar s f PAM hairs, under a ns.—AÀ near approach to this species is sometimes observed in narrow- leaved states of S. neglecta, with shot jacéiner à iet akas if at - spreading or secund. E 20. S. speciosa (Nutt.) : stem simpe; stout, glabrous; the summit, with the peduncles and pedicels hirsute-pubescent ; ini es bee. , smooth and gas with densely scabrous- éiliolate margins; the lower oval or ovate, wed into a margined diee mesi Serie the ippo r lanceolate or ditis linde , entire erect, forming a pyramidal or thyrsiform ev opie) pct : Bend yes large) on short pediótls, coto crowded E d scales of the dre nearly msc involucre oblong, o rays about 5, large; achenia very glabro bite nn. 2» pd (excl. syn. Pers.) ; pp n Jl. Cest. p. S. veu cg Micha. ! p as "y of Lin S. petiolaris, Mut ; cat. p. 79; Bart. fl. Phil. 2. p. 121; of Aste: 8. angus fata smaller, less pubescen bees the summit; racemes short and ` glomerate, forming a narrow and dense, bar ng cece ges ewhat compound + pae EA aki Ell. ! te 2. p. 385; DC. prodr. 5. p. 340 uscula: heads smaller ; panicle s strict; peduncles and summit of the wes kis pube escent; ppa nearly all entire and smaller, lanceolate or oblong, more rigid. Borders ‘of woods &c. yt Michauz) Massachusetts ! and Hep te New Kentucky ! and Florida! $. Jersey! North Carolina! Sout ei saa ucky ! y. St. Louis, Missou exas, ! Dr. ! sep ie Dr. Lear p Prairies between the Missis- sipph i and Misso ri Rivers, Mr. Nicolle Aug.-Oct.—Stern 2% to 5 or even 6 fout high, stt cien, 'glabrou us ed pe purple; the summi the mit a raschen, of pe is ig emi pubescent, in a greater or less degree, with short and close join airs, not unfrequently almost hirsute. Radical leaves inches or i in length, and 2-4 age sharply serrate, petioled ; the b ach slightly acuminate, narrowed into a hat margined petiole, hee very oe except the margins, with a rather strong midrib ; the ary veins u gt dense or spicate racemes, from 1 to 5 inches in length. Heads M eroded 12-16-(rarely 18- -) ) Hower v ae eue number of flowers ay but some s t varia of the involucre 1-nerved, > % ne E ru. greenis its, eri or Sea so, ap arge; the. the innermost ish s * Facer d ete shore very obtuse; the inn cee cies, times ac Rays conspicuous, € E el s varying iarr erig in the size of the l b arge an RS is a reduced state, growing in poda ; its contra Ofien simulating S. bicolor, for which indeed it E sometii ^ Ys which p ly grows in more arid situations, has smaller he did ves; UM NE. often denas ly veined and more rigid. softly ci -pu che Mrs the branches ne very + lower cauline a mple, 4-6 inches long, 1-2, or often 3 inches wide, acute or» ef $ Goer Pol 206 ^ COMPOSITAE. " E... asd gined petioles; the uppermost cues Or lanceolate, sessile, mosily entire ; racemes loose, paniculate, or rarely somewhat corymbose, sometimes slightly recurved; scales of a nearly Samus involucre linear-lanceolate ; “rays 10-12, large; acheni ubescen dy pine woods, Fir, vu een and Lenoir County, North Ca- rolina, Mr. M. A. Curtis! (Florida, Her » Rafinesque!) May-June.— Stem ‘abot 2 feet high, oa ost t villous when young. Radical and lowest. c me mira fisked aliesa the summits of which are sometim a titele spread ing or recurved. Pedicelsslender. Rays linear-oblong, pide yello 22. S. Terre-Nove: oy erect, smooth, panigula gooey ae and some- what pubescent at the summit; leaves glabrous; the cauline pen eolate, pai to the base, Ded entire ; de lowest E radical spatulate-oblong = oa ei iri petiole, somewhat ate; raceme Mery ^ p short, loose, forming a large expanding aS Giy fastigiate sas AE pan cle ; heads (s small] about 12-flowered ; ems c Mid involucre PW e small ; n bogs, Newfoundland, Pylaie ! Miss Br dua. (in herb. Hook.)—Plant 1-2 feet high. Leaves repre minutely veiny i the lowest bout 3 inches p ire. Panicle open, 4-5 inches oed at the summit; the paniculate irregu- lar racemes more or less spreading, but not secund. Heads as large as in S. stricta; the scales of the involucre membranaceous and much narrower. —The specimen from Miss Brenton a nds of the panicle, with only the gemi of the stem, the former so much expanded that it was referred by to S. serotina : but it appears rather to belong to the present division. n hwmilis (Herb. Banks): glabrous; stem simple, erect; radical E iin oblanceolate or spatia, obtuse, crenate-serrate at the apex, tapering a petiol e; the cauline lane e, acute, narrowed at t ase; the up- ve Obtuse; rays 6-8, short; achenia minutely der nm urs ES 543; Richards! appr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p.33; Hook.! fl. "Bor-A 5; notof Desf. & DC. S. confertiflora, Fisch. gale animi pets m ind. sem. S hi gos. enm ex ann. sci. vus in ser.) 16 B. stem ; heads more numerous, in short aei clusters Eoi in a nies cae: ideeeraptbd, virgate spike or compoun stricta, Hook. ! l. c., partly. Fort Albany, Hodson s Bay, and Newfoundland, Herb. Banks! Woody country between lat. tet and 64°, Richardson! Limestone RS on the | ver Sec. Verm ont, Dr. Robbins! 8. Carlton House n Aug .-Sept.—Stem labsou s; bút more « or ln. glutinous, as also the leaves [pri the raceme comm and slender, or more or less compounes ss -the mi th s of a firm te: ly toothed a m cauline Š about 2 aces sag vt Dp wide, serru rrulate above; the upper nar- : rower entire.— Differs Ad eet! in its more rigid foliage, read e ah sho eraler ot do is 9lpere sete T ec nodi obtuse, pearing somewhat glutinous. ~~ A ie Aan id stem erect, terete CR ae et lane cec * T = Sonipaco. $ COMPOSITE. | 207 erect, simple or compound; scales of the involucre sese: [or EE acute ; rays about 8, elongated ; achenia minutely pubescent. .DC.— Linn spec. 2. p. 880; Engl. bot. t. 301; Fl.Dan. t. 663 ; Hook. m Bor. rs 2. 5; DC.! rodr. 5 8. alpina (Bigel. ! I. c.) : stem 3-8 inches high, simple, glabrous or pubes- cent, bearing ie ias 8) heads; scales of the — gone MY gla- brous; rays s ; leaves oblabóe olate, oblong-obovate, or spat y- uliadita ; stem villous-pubescent, si dese or emp esed at the summit ; heads (large) in a dense thyrsoid or corymbose raceme; scales of the involucre narrow, nearly glabrous ; rays 8-12; leaves ciliate, oblong- lanceolate (neo or peo TUER to the base.—S. mu ir ssec E d Kew. l.c. p. 9218; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 5427 Hook.! fl. Bor Am. 2. p.5 dne à sh, l.c. gt s , Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. i, ser.) 7. p. 328, not of Ell. Wa. ries, with the rays fewer and emalin S. Virga-Aurea, Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey, p. 126. S. Virga-Aurea var. Arctica, DC. ! Arctic America! and Labrador ! i the ocky. Mountains ! (in about lat. » $4?) Unalaschka! Sledge Island! and Kotzebue's Sound! = & Pre y) - On the bare summits of the White Mountains of New — : Mount Marcy, Essex County, New York! Shore of m Supe rr Pitcher! Dr. Houghton! | Aug.-Sept.—A very variable species, "which i this country is confined to the Northern regions, and the higher mo ihi e the Northern States. Nearly all the war specimens belong ae to var. B., which very oaa approaches the var. Cambrica of Eur the var. y, which p insensibly into Je forms of this species, " which it should bd. e united. - S. thyrsoidea (E. Meyer) : stem erect or som what flexuous, simple, vey ‘glabrous, the summit and peduncles villous- pubescent ; leaves glabrous, — ovate, irregularly and sharply serrate, acute or acuminate, veiny, all exce z ; the enis paing abruptly narrowed into very long petioles ; n oblong- e, subsessile, often pubescent beneath ; raceme oblon ple or iig hel dr uipapd : heads large; the peduncles recie sheh; ; scales of ihe involucre et equal, an neeolate , acum ninate, membranaceous, s 8-10; a summit).—E. Meyer, pl. Labrad. p. 63; DC. prod 7. (mant.) p. 279. .S. leiocarpa; DC.! prodr. 5. p.339. S. rmultiradiata, Nutt. ! in trans. mer. ope soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 328, not of Ait.! S. Virgaurea, a. Bigel. fl. - Bost. Labrador, Herzberg (E; Meyer), poen AE m in bot - Schweinitz, herb. Collins, &c.) Lower Canada, Michaur: of the Wine Mountains s of New w Hampshire, De: Boott! M. "Oakes 2 UE e lea inc upp mina about half that length, and an inch or more in breadth) ; for its larger heads, wh ch ae e are only ex sebda by the following; and the glabrous — — achenia, ipid which, however, a Tittle hairiness is observable near the sum- — it. The raceme commonly consists of 6 to 12 heads, on short and simple bractless peda neles from the axils of the upper leaves, &c., rather crowded : but one imen from Labrador presents a large raceme more than 6 inches long, with nearly all the peduncles somewhat e elongated and bearing 2 to 4 heads; the pedicels often longer danke heads, and furnished with a linear- . subulate. e, scarious, deciduous sad pests Rays s rather puc qe | x. well described by Meyer. s (O85. S. glomerata Michx.): stem low, very simple; bee T ` E ? a as : : asd A 208 > COMPOSITÆ. s — ple, lanceolate, serrate ; raceme mi ue of axillary clusters, the uppermost capitate, crowded ; involucre turgid, many-flowered. Michx. fl. 2. p. 117. Mountains of Carolina, Michaur.—With much oe we join to this species a remarkable heed icas we had cdi S. D collected in flower on the Roan Mou Mr. Curtis, sue is also abundant pies "ah m of ‘he Grandfather N. Carolina (ray in Sill. journ. 42. 5): ring in August. It is one to 2 feet high, with a stout striate- p.3 angular rous des with large, TET lanceolate or obovate -lanceolate, glabrous leaves, 4-9 inches long, the lower 2-3 , ciliate especially to- wards the tapering entire base, serrate bove with pall sharp teeth, acumi- nate, veiny, of a firm but rather thin texture; the radical tape ring i ! winged petiole. Ho» la ager — those of S. rigida, 3-7 together in | racemes or clusters in the a the upper leaves, ‘at first glomerate, but compo it. Scales imbricated in 3 o 1-nerved, acutish; the exterior oblong-ovate, the innermost alg ir nea ily glabro ous. ee 30-40 in each givin the rays 10-12, ig in proportion. Achenia pubescent towards the su mit, weeny glabrous below.—We know not what pan Nuttall had in it as the S. glomerata, ; of which he remarks (Gen. 2. p. 1 te. ae Lower leaves a a p acuminate, pilis dh nearly a allied to Aste Nor have w been able to ascert cies mentioned vy Schweinitz (in Ell. sk. 9. p- 387,) as *' distinguished a its deep and close serratures, and the capitate form of the axillary racemes” : the latter, bier, | is probably S. latifolia. Po £ o C: * * * Heads in a compoun t inating the simple stem, showy : r md veined or 3-nerved. emiten é t Scales of the involucre acute : achenia pubescent: leaves veiny.' 97. S. spithamea (M. A. Curtis! mss.): stem villous-pubescent, leafy ; leaves oval or oblo ci Ta bd gu. nearly deque sharply serrate above the middle, or the upperm the lowest and radical spatulate- oblong, tapering into winged petioles “heals (middle-sized) disposed in a compound glometate corymb; peduncles and gen villous ; scales of the involucre somewhat equal, Taolat, ci Pay rays 6 or 7, short ; achenia ap. 5 —— ry i « Rocky places on the bald summit of the "bun Mountain, North Carolina (at an ce TN of 6000 feet) ; where it was discovered, in 1835, by Mr. OW! presse L-nerved, Heby carinate, with scarious i Rinwtely pend ci mať- or inato; the outer broadl y, the inner narrowly lanceolate. y exserted. cae obtuse: achenia glabrous : ge mostly feather- several * EM veined from a a strong midrib: = ue * SoLIDAGO. = COMPOSIT E. x- 209 about 34-flowered, crowded.—Linn. spec. 1. PD 880; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 916; Mich.! fl. 2. p. 118; Pursh! fl. 2 . p. 543; Eil.! sk. 9. p. 390; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 5; DC. prodr. 5. p. 337. S. grandiflora, Raf. in med. iur (hex. 2) 5. p: 359. Virga-Aurea Novæ- -Angliæ, Herm. parad. t. 243. (poo Dry soil, poe Connecticut! New York! and Pennsylvania! to North Carolina ! &c. along the eges ak zr from Saskatchawan, Michigan ! and Missouri! to Arkansas! and Tex Aug.-Oct.—Stem 3-4 feet high, stout and rigid, clothed with, a ith. pubescence Leaves thick, clothed With a minute and so pe Aral oy ry pubescence, scabrous, or often rather ft or _velvety beneath, r less serrate with fine mostly appressed or ] lat crenate pag die dicil ones 4 to 9 inches Jong, on petioles the same length; the upper cauline reduced to 1-2 inches in length, q h about t broadly oval or r ovate-oblong. Heads among the largest and most showy of the genus. . Scales of the involucre oblong, very obtuse, slightly striate, pubescent o or almost on us. Rays large, oblong, 7-10. Achenia very glabfou 29. S: — (Ell): stem stout, V bie the corymbose branches and short r acemes hirsute-pubescent ; S (cauline) ber eique closely sessile, rigid, glabrous, with wer g ciliate and very scabro gins, mostly serate; heads (large) in short and Woo SEERA E about 30-flowered.— Ell. ! 2.9. 37 In » middle districts of Georgi Elliott ! / Sept.-Oct.—** Stem 4-6 feet high, robust Sir virgately erect, branching.near the summit, the young iis hirsute.” Ell. Radical leaves gakuen wn; the lower cauline 4-6 nches long, ead an inch wide, coriaceous, the m argin rough with close fine a e length, rather crowded, somewhat acute; the younger more apes and the lower surface sometimes furnished iege scattered hairs... Heads smaller than in S. rigida, but about twice the size of those of the following goes, on ra- ther slender angela pedicels, dinine ed in loose short racemes terminating the c branches, those of the lower or exterior racemes pire and recarvedipreading. Involucre minutely pul similar to that of S. rigi- da. Rays about 10, rather large. Achenia per erfectly ree Rapt long as the corolla of the disk... Doubtless distinct from the preceding, if dn stem is constantly smooth. What is = b decur Poir. suppl., of unknown origin, with rough etenateiboted lea 30. S. Ohioensis ONDE 1): very smooth and glabrous; stem strict, fasti- giate-corymbose a summit; radic aj and lowest cauline leanes lanceolate- oblong, obtuse, with gy late-scabrous finely serra ards apex, tapering into slender petioles; the prius cblong-lanceolate, closely ses- sile, mostly entire; heads (rather small) numerous, in a compound corymb, pe hoot glabrous pedicels, 1em de pappu us = aa than the corolla k.— Riddell ! 8. estern "Wet grassy prairies of Obio, Mr. Van Cleve! i , Riddell! "End of Indi, ana, Mr. Lea! Also in various parts of Western New LE Dr. some Knie: . Cli A ls. L ical 5-8 5-9 inches long, an inch or an inch an libe; B mite um with petioles often about th length ; the cauline —À ely sided in size (the uppermost about an inch long), rather crow wde T us A Scales of the narrow in 8-10, oblong Rays 6-7, s P. E a VOL. 11.—27 : ad * 210 3 | COMPOSITE. Sonmpaco. —— ex S. Riddellii (Frank): stem stout, glabrous, corymbose at the summit, g^ the branches an — pigri e leaves lanceolate, elonga- acute, e glabrous, with scabro argins, obscurely nerved ; the radical on rs MA patna tha ca Molina: partly c clasping or sheathing ane -conduplicate, mostly arcuate ; heads (middle-sized) yey n umerou ustered, forming a compound fa Mur. corym -94-flowered.— Fra i Riddell, synops. l.c. S. Mexicana £. Sosbus. lee toc ih boli Hook. | 4 compan e in p. 97. Wet and grassy prairies, Ohio, .Dr. Riddell ! bd Van Cleve! Dr. Pad- dock! Mr. € St. Louis, Missouri, Drummond! Dr. Engelmann! and on St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! | Sept.- Oct.— Stem oin 2 feet high, very leafy to the summit. Leaves with a ra- ther strong midrib, and 1 to 3 more or less distinct parallel nerves, form numerous reticulations with the minute and close veinlets, thin but cue i dic * T petioles, into which the limb (6-9 lines wide in the middle) is gradually at- tenuated, often falcate; the cauline 4-8 inches oig: about half an inch wide, iba apoie and pani sheathing at the base, ee rarcuntespred è ing or recurved. eads dep larger than in the preceding, muc on the ei of the large c nd corymb, usu aly on short prie eec gree ug the involucr cerit iuri nerved, nearly gla- brous. s 7-9, small and n Achen a glabrous, or slightly an sparsel sec iio fessos a lens. Sed ‘beautiful and very distinct species, al- lied to the preceding. t t t Scales of the involucre obtuse: achenia glabrous: leaves nerved: rays 2-3. „> 99. S. nitida: stem strict, very smooth below, fatigiato- coy Tai at the summit ; the bran ches and pedicels ipo -pubescent ; leaves rigid, very smooth and shining, nerved, lanceolate or linear, i ge acute, the margins iliolate- seated towards the apex ; the radical and lowest cauline tapering into short petioles; the duci sessile; heads (middle-sized) in loose fastigiate mbs, about 14-flo Dry pin pine woods Se. Nus ern Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! and E. ee Aug.—Oct.—Stem 9-3 feet high, slender or aed stout, simple, terminated by a single fastigiate corymb, or somewhat branched near the sum vus the’ branches rigid, erect, fastigiate, clothed with a short rough mine Leaves varying a line- smoot X shining (the margins also smooth tow; side the eni rarely with one or two obscure serratures near the apex, eerie h 1 to 3 nerves or parallel perfectly glabrous.—The leaves vary in width i ss oat epicingepi fro. 2-3 lines to DE. of a — The plant fa ee quantities í of > SoripaAco. 3 COMPOSITE. 21] ed ager ituations, on shelving rocks towards the western — of the ky Mountain eee - R — Plant about a span high, ir clusters from the sam s (persistent?) with Nain scabrous igi slightly ane oe ae dbi. Scales of the involucre with sca- us margins, obscurely mucronate. * * + * Natives of brackish swamps: racemes erect or spreading, paniculale: leaves thickish or fleshy, very smooth and entire, obscurely veiny, often somewhat triplinerved. — Maritime. - S. Mexicana (Linn es stem oblique, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, Fei fleshy, very entire, yen throughout; racemes ues erect ; peduncles —— recap rays elongated, Ait.— Linn. ! hort. Cliff. Pc & spec. 2. p. f t 7 Kew. tg. 1) 3. p. € sel, syn. Tourn. ; nov. c. re p. 104. S. limonifolia, Pu s syn. 2 (P 449, at ledet à as $ to the cheligctór. Described from specimens pce eg into European n gardens € iiis two hundred years ago, at first of répute - ican origin; but ards ® supposed to a a native of this country and not of Mexico; whence Pa ersoon changed the and succeeding bot tide have partially confounded > with the following species. De was — probably pria usd from Mexi or the ies; since we have seen no native specimens of the United States RH Mit un ith the Tanasi plant, while the s jeres of Humboldt doe : it is moreover given as a West Wie un Ten ot Swartz, who, by m to n t a his plant MES distinct from the more hern ae. and in the Hortus me A of Sir Hans Sloane.— s are in e pani- cles, crowded at the summit of the MER an di in the ax f the obus upper leaves; the gei E the pedicels with numerous subulate bracts, e tioned by Nutta Il (trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 328), as a native of the a iyi coast, near n Barbara, should be found to belong to this specie 35. S. sempervirens (Linn. ): : stem erect, glabrous; leaves fleshy, lanceo- late, entire, acute, sessile, slightly Semis obscurely triplinerved ; the radi- cal lanceolate-oblong, on elongated petioles ; racemes pede (simple or compound), more or less secund and spreading; peduncles usd nearly glabrous.— Linn. / spec. 9. p. 878; Pursh, fl. 2. p. ; Ell. ! ! sk. Spx prodr. 5. p. 335. S. Mill. dict. Virga-Aurea = Solidago procerior, &c. Pluk, alm. t. 935, f. 5? e Dor prés and fleshy ; ype me short, in a contracted panicle, more eund o rned to one side. S M -Aurea limoniifolio, &c. "Tourn. 04 2. Pluk. alm. t. M Z 2? Solidago levigata, Ait. ^ Kew. ted. p 215; Pursh, fl. 2. p ; DC. lee. S. limonifolia, Pers of authors. Y. leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, v - acute, uidi; oce erect, in a pyramidal rather strict beach: oes ERG |. ‘leaves scarcely, or not at all as elongated lanc late, tapering each end, very acura racemes short, mostl ns secund, in a close ue some- what decurved panicle.—S. viminea, Ait.! Kew. l. c. p. 215. S. integer- t., ex Ait. ; or brackish marshes along the coast of the United ieri to Mas- s! and Canada. Sept.-Oct pie. remis feet high. Margin. T I S19 : ; . COMPOSITE. i SoriDAGO. of the leaves sometimes scabrous. Heads — e 10. Achenia, - all the — of this section, somewhat pubesc —We have TE mbin r more species; but the form of the pe i&c. is vari- able, em i xd eph of iR beo probaby varies with the iiia e the marsh; becoming almost membranaceous, as in var. ô., when the water is enn fre fresh. a5. S8. i deseri E): Nery. Bou: stem erect, strict, simple, or ^ someti imes bra ; leaves thick, short, erect, lanceolate- linear, sessile, mm acu ale. ume the lower la Mer s attenuate at e base; racemes short, erect or at le ength somewhat recurved, sometimes secund, disposed * a close and virgate — panis peduncles and PHA els slender; heads small.—Ell.! sk. 9. p. 388; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 341 In brackish swamps, Carolina! to F lorida ! Texas, Drummon d! ` Sept. with somewha i the habit of S. virgata. Stem 2-4 feet high, imple and virgate, or producing Monder , branches near the summit, an ios here ted by a p crowded icle; the very numerous hea ads smaller, and the scales of pde involucre narrow - than in the preceding spe- cies. Upper leaves Sauce inch long, often subulate ; the lower more vocas tered, less pointed, s Uere d broadly lanceolate. —The leaves in the Tex specimens are more vend essed. 37. S. integrifolia (Desf.): stem erect, simple, somewhat pubesc scent; leaves lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, slightly and obsoletely viplinerved, : glabrous, entire, the lowest [rather obtuse] sparsely d nticulate ; raceme axillary, erect, somewhat panicled om g an 1 elongated rather large pani- o pedicels pubescent ; ite: of th ite ; rays elongated. DC. & Des esf. ! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, Y 103, ee ed. 3. p. 402” ; Pers. syn- 2. . 449; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 340. (excl. s syn. S. speciosa, go S. elata, Pursh, F 2. i 543, partly (spec. cult. Soland. ! dn herb. Banks.) ; imd das * North - America.” — We nar ve ny seen cultivated specimens, € origin Á the dd petente cles, &c. are pubes- —— of which The t of ‘cent; _the fiche: ecd dd ihe ebenin pubescen * * * * * Racemes spreading or recurved (scorpioid), secund : leaves veiny. (sometimes indistinctly triplinerved), usually lly serrate. —Secundiflore. t Hiesa usually ample, serrate, e, loosely ye gres one of the pde on each ehtly tri pli- iki merved: heads middle-sized. — Tm : 11 . 88. S. elliptica (Ait.): stem et LE ce elliptical, smooth, se rate; racemes paniculate, secund ; middle-sized, [peduncles a and edis’ ne minutely pubescen nt; scales of the Ies en —— acute ; 5. pubescent]. Ait.! Kew. (ed. 214; not of Ell., nor ap - tà Mill. dict., ex .Ait. - d. dia, Scopoli, f: insubs 25 in verhis America, Hort. Kms Canada, ae decies in which the subjoined: particu are iven.— —“ ma stiff, round, vith a white bark, up- 3 feet. Leaves spear-sha Se NN 97. : * Swamps, rios ps and moist woods, Can ada, Massachusetts! New Yo York | Soumpaco. “$ COMPOSITE. 213 losely sessile and mostly entire: the short and dense racemes ogy a erowded and leafy pyramidal panicle. Heads middle-sized. Rays 10-12. 39. neglecta : stem stout, smooth; leaves thickish, smooth and gla- brous ; the radical and lowest cauline oblong or ovate-lanceo M appressed- - serrate, petioled ; the others elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, n ostly acute at each end, sessile tim cpg pie pet ‘finely prelimi: Lor ; the upper entire; race short, dense, secund, what spreading, disposed in an elongated or pyra usen somewhat leafy h. sailéad ; peduncles and pedicels nearly glabrous; scales of the 8-12-flowered involucre oblong, obtuse; rays rather large ; achenia een glab rous. In swamps, bere qe and New York! to North Carolina! and In- —This diana! Aug.-Se not uncommon Solidago has doubtless been no- ticed; but a M refer it, with reasonable probability, to any. genie d species. It is cs gage from S. arguta its elongated p with Short racemes, whi ch are at first erect (the lower often shorter ja od leaves which subtend vicit pit y ih er heads with muc er flowers, &c. : Muhlenbergii by the more entire and rigid, seldom aid beds '* more strict and terete stem, fewonilieweced heads, &c.: from S. e ca by the broad and obtuse scales of the involucre (which are M at ceolate or nattowly oblong, finely cr nate-serrate, often eg se, tapering into kaader = les; which are fre neatly succeeded by la larger acuminate radi- bgt og sh oceur: as l, wi ith coriaceous Ives: eep green above, tie gr aed Scarcely scabrous ; the panicle either small and st ot a large and loose with many of the lo we racemes often shorter than the ives (Can this be be . S. verrucosa, Schra or sometimes compou ind. from the stem producing bra nches : t the ding mit (this is possibly the S. dubia, Sco, 80! s e leaves slightly scabrous. Sometimes the r pen are erect, at least until old, | non aee minutely pubescent.—JMuhl.! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2059 ; ; Darlin ingt." fi 17; 457. S. "p : me) Peed fl. 2. p. 53 Sched. i in DC. prodr. 5 ii strietula : : stem simple « or is so; hoge acd pera es, at first ! scarcely secund, constituting a virgate compoun apes upper e 3 small.—S E inh. Ell. sk. 2. p. 389. S. scabra, Hook. ! ! compan. . mag. 1 and Wisconsin cat ommo: Carolina atte Flonda! and Louisiana! Au qr ane is sp ished by the sh peeks roughness of the d ines on ale s, and their livid or leaden | is l rface is perfectl te zi i specimene by Dr. Dar he m ; dg i "e naccountably ained by Willde- . ntion 1 his mss. Flora Lancastriensis) ; , (herb. Banks., Bor.-Am. 2. p. 3. S. angulata, - 214 -COMPOSITJE. SoriDAGo. in short racemes on the spreading branches. Mee nn the stem is simple, with the short and crowded racemes at first erect, and scarcely secund when old. = he leaves are rather finely tese Be na veined, the veins conspi- cuous on the lower surface; the radical often 6 inches long à nd 3-4 broad, edy dete were into aw vinzed satis, i pet ve er cauline C MG similar, narrowed at the base, or contracted into inged petiole ; the upper meo estne smaller n. more closely seio, Pieco Rebiong, acute or metimes obtuse. ut in deep shade, the leaves become more Finca BERpábecus and Teas" close ; 41. "a arguta (Ait.) : smooth and carm epson except the minute- ly ciliate margins of the leaves; ste radical and lower cauline leaves cg elliptical n lanceolate-oval, ny (ober serrate, with spread- ing teeth, acuminate, tapering into winged and a jee oy the others lanceolate or oblong, somewhat tiplinarved, taperi each end, sessile, serrate, the uppermost — racemes dense, at ade ‘elongated and re- curved, forming a crowded corymbose pan — rev of the involucre ap- pressed; ra s 8-12, small, e ‘isk. flowers abot : verno scafcoly pu- escen + p.319; Purs p. 374?) DC. prodr. 5. p. 333; not of Muhl., Diet Vc S. ciliaris, Muhl.! in Willd. spec. - la 2056; Darlingt. . Cest: p.455; DC. r: 5. p. 331. S. argentea, Hornem. suppl., e x d B. juncea: lower leave i nao er and less dee ply serrate, the upper more entire.—S. juncea, Ait.! Kew. hg ; Pursh, l.c.; Hook.! fl. Bor.-.Am. 2. as cabrella: leaves, especially the lower, scabrous or roughish-pubescent, at je beneath; racemes vie z -: Meadows, fie lds, &c. either in d a. & 8. Canada (from Subarctic America, — rdson Á a an iod agouti, the Mother em | Western tern Fires d South rolina! E Barrens of Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Marshes sins, 1 Kentuck ky, Dr. Short! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! Aug. er age it tout species, 9-4 feet high, alb by the very dne us heads, mostly smaller than in any of its allies, com- pactly disposed i ich form an ample ppre somewhat carinate pin of the involucre (the exterior ovate-oblong) ; h th small rays ; glabrous branches of the inflorescence, with the bracts usually e &c. The young achenia are more or less pubescent under. a v d M it when mature they are almost glabrou Rom S. a: stem angled, dijon leaves (ia e ad thin) abrous both sides, very sharply and strongly serrai pe cal P on winged eren or ciliate) petioles; the cauline ellipti ca € XY 5 gr se ring into a narrow base or margined petioles ; * "x Low or shady grounds, "Madina Vermont! New York! E ns lvania! Aug Pb feet xp ich cone or bere te sei t en rrate with Dart asin those of S Miola, vw ich they somew ese ri the a and apex mostly entire. Panicle NDA HM ON ni La E. ; Eo & à $e y » ; S Sonraco: ~ COMPOSITE. 215 lateral branches or racemes m ostly short, more or less secund, but seldom. recurved : the heads crowded, larger than in S. arguta, and as large as in S. tim the rays also pretty large.—This plant best emi the name of S. a , for which Muhlenberg and Darlington have taken it: but the d original dps of ene wma appears to be the S. diane of these authors. aid to resem . ambigua, in which species t the racemes are not dee and the sir are almost villous. 43. S. Boottii (Hook.): stem usually ES radical and lowest cau- line leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate, on slender wire iene $ the others lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, appressed-serrate (or the en- tire), acuminate at both ends, or contracted into a winged n t de icum loosely ipei ge se ngated ; heus of the involucre narrowly oblong, 'ob- i ubescent. tuse ; rays 2-5; isk-flowers 8-12; aclienia minutel a. stem cde, gis s : ‘the lax spreading branches A e bearing (few or og €— € d racemes ; leaves glabro ehe cabrous margin er entire.—8S. Boottii, i. Hook. re ahi to hw mag. 1. p. 97, * B. stem slender, glabrous; racemes very lice paniculate; lower leaves somewhat pubescent, or sometimes nearly all scabrous-pubescent on both i ONE and both surfaces of the se seabrous-pubescent branches slen- der, bearing rather loose a often simple r . glabro cept the at both ends, often very sharply serrate: 3 racemes rather dense, sec cund, re- pud Pras a sparse terminal panicle —S. juncea? Ell?! E: 2. p. 375, not o mt po stem stout; leaves rigid, oblong, less acuminate, the lower serrate with spreading teeth; racemes dense, very numerous, forming an panicle. P 5 AE TS and oer egi aa Carolina! to Florida! and Louisiana! a, Drum a, Dr. Leavenworth? B. Louisiana, Dr. Fig Dr. ce y. y. Georgia , Dr. Boykin! 6. Southern States! apparently common, e. Louisiana, Dr. Mi esate Dr. Hale! Texas, ife ond.! Au -Oet Variable in many respects, yet apparently a well large ue 44. S. ica smooth and glabrous digo ut; stem virgate, ched towards the summit; Re branches pea very long and slender, leafy, terminated by single virgate secund racemes with the apex somewhat ometi compound at the base; “leaves n narrowly spatulate- tuse, tapering to the base, with ciliolate-sca margins, entire, t most sparingly serrate; hein d lucre narrowly ; rays mostl wantings achenia pe | Flor i Bis P ini "^ feet high, terete, strict and à ender rc "rather rigid ; he lowest 3-4 inches long, and vue half ^. an inch wide towards the a apex, dinceddete Wi with a gradually attenuate base or winged vase and a rather strong mid-nerve, Ear 'riplinerved above the middle, the veinlets obscure e, usually somew ewhat the others entire gradually red inches long, terminating the n heads entirely atiteteraly ‘large in proportion (as large as dé in ded, on ;: the summit of the main stem — 216 saat E Sopa: ends, on slender ciliate peri the upper often oblong, n rum entire; . panicle small, turned t side (rarely Pisani ta the s hort racemes atije len, n i I hort, gulata, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 329, excl. syn. Chrysoma uniligulata, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. = 325. Solidago uliginosa, ile Nutt.! 7. p. der plant, 1 to 90 inc ches high; with a inher only k or 4 inches long, some- _~ what ai. Biually turned to one side; the short and rather crowded racemes at length spreading or ne en recurved; heads small. Radical b nid aet vires often nc a few eye os hairs when s stricta 2 dh o have been more or less confounded by ; Nuttall under his S. uliginosa; Dr. Pickering’s specimens from **sphagnous swamps an thickets i in Meise ” preserved in the herbarium of the Academ gs ed Natural Sciences, belonging society d to S. stricta; while others from New Jersey belong to the vemm spec ë + t Leaves wok. ee copiously feather-veined, the veinlets conspicuously * lated e. heads Lx Š In - altisst i m): stem hirsute with rough io: leaves ovate- Z Merci or ds Bcc. acute at each end or minate, sessile, coarsely serrate with sharp and unequal iotiddind ied sonal fi end bic e more or [ess reticulated, often rugose, sca a e on es p niculate, secund PEE or rec caress r G=! i ers 4-7 ; ache- nia pubescent Lion. spec. 9. E ert Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 4 3.1 p ie ee i spec. 3. p. 2058; Sage 2. 5 ; Hoo 2; Darlingt.! p Cest. p. 456. (Virgen spec. Dill. LH. TX 30, " š 393.) (S. altissima, pilosa, recurvata, & Virginiana, Mill. S. altis- E" . . sima, aspera, rugosa T: villosa, Pu s aft 2 < p.996. S- altissima, aspera, 7 humilis, D ! prodr. s npn 333. $c.) ..B. stem. pose ens thin, Hay and sharply serrate, oien je Maps end OM Y above, and po^ softly hairy on the veins .d. C. x qoe endet aru or pe tee a A leaves serdi with ap- teeth, v. ur g from ovate-oblong to lanceolate (th uppermost n not 5 reticulat » mostly 1 b YN ea Nova -folüs crenatis, Dill. Elth: 100 Solidago n iem Tn — ed. 2) 5. p. 66; Pursh! ft SoripAco. .. COMPOSITA. 217 p.537; Ell.! sk. M s 574; Hook.! l.c. (Varies, with the stem hirsute, as in icon. Dill., 5S. ulmifolia, Ell.! sk. 9. p- 373 (spec. ex Muhl. P not of Muhl. E. or o Willd. or scabrous with a short pubescence; with the ES either very scabrous, o r almost smooth i. ene the lowermost ly serrate with sharp cem teeth, as i ^N leaves elliptical or oblong-ovate, short, ient “serrate, very strongl rugose, scabrous po the war surface, with the stem, pubescent wit close aha soft hai e. leaves ovate- ellipdedi or oblong, serrate with small and sharp mostly eo Pi appressed teeth, somewhat rugose, very sca a E above, scabrous-pubescent beneath.—Virga-Aurea aspera, &c. Dill. E Po per 2 em oss era, Ait.! Kew. (ed 1 p. 2125 Wald. . 795 4588; 3. p. 371. : ‘Borders of fields and thickets, mostly in AA o nd, Canada! ^ popped ^ recipes f var. B.) i iei d " Uni- tates! ve isiana, Drummond! Dr. Ingalls! Du Takaia! E. Pennsylvania, 'Muhlenbere t to eor orgia, Dr kin! Aug.—Oct.—One of the most common Golden- Rods, exhibiting a t e vari- ety of forms; of which v. we have only characterized the more striking. A correct view of the species, we think, is taken in the first edition “of the Hor- tus i e in yy fi y pà inten næus, but the Aken iai addu en = least those of Dillenius, belong to this . ifi species. The s ame is always nmn the plant varies 3 to 6 or fait libe vix base, inate, and bue ra! serra up tire), van a M oh smooth above, softly hairy be reith. especially the d iM rib and s; racemes paniculate, oue eMe scales of the in- volucre lanceolate-oblongs rays about 4, short; ache ia minute aeg cent Pre i in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2060 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 538; Darlingt.! Jt. Cost, d 457; DC. prodr. 5. p. 333 (ex char.); not of Ell. low grounds, Northern and Western States! and along th upper country to Alabama! Aug.—Sept.—Resembles some states of the ing species; but the striate stem is glabrous, or with scattered soft and the thin leaves are softly pubescent or villous beneath, and either Lis d or sparsely hairy above, &c.: the radical leaves are elliptic-ovate, winged petioles. The specifi des is not appropriate, but this is i plant described by Willdenow, € of Muhlenberg's herbarium, yet not one sent by the latter to Elliott. - Drummondii: stem and lower surface of ~ leaves, especially - tire; racemes secund, paniculate; scales of the involucre o ig LP Ho the disk-flowers 5 or ey achenia pubescent e bod 1.2” Hook.! com to bot. mag. SOUT end Lanai Dr. Leavenworth /—Upy xit : s, Missou thé Wien the lower on not seen), with the j d clothed wi ih a fine i velvety pubescence, leafy to e su “eaves 2 ees or more in length, about an inch and a half wide, of a rather firm texture; abruptly acute at both e ends, appearing weg lt petioled, strongly serrate; the yo shghtly pobre above; those of the branch- aoe often o lits, * Fondi pe nearly as large as in S. altissima. Invo- nearly glabro Pippi dme than the corolla of the disk- E d Em ` In—28 a 218 COMPOSITE. ` /— : Soutpaeo. uppermost usu ally entire; racemes loosely paniculate, secund; scales of the i sofily ^e i e cou gone mem. ruxelles, . except that the con tracted Eres. is longer and narrower; while the upper, 5 educ . A go s d Sa rent iphylla (Chapman!. mss.): stem scabrous-pubescent, often el ed above, very leafy; leaves glabrous, with Pea cte Mice anaes veiny; the lowest oblong-spat press aii. es margined petiole, appressed-serrate; the others oval o 2 er cisely K sessile, often nearly entire; the secund racemes dis ied i in 3 viia e pani- cle; scales of the wide ca Mons. obtuse; achenia minutely canescent; i disk-flowers 5-6; rays vu Middle Florida, * in Fase soil, Dr. Chapman! Dr. Alexander! | Geo - ^ & Alabama, Baldwin! Le Conte !—Stem 4-6 feet high, often mach branched \ ? elliptical, ovate, or roundish, entire or sparingly serrate, sometimes mucronu- late-acute, the lower su urface rather obscurely "tic late-veined. Heads t the size of those of S. diii Scales of the involucre glabrous, very minutely ciliate; the exterior very short.— find no rays in this well- ed s species ; but some of. the exterior flowers are occasionally destitute of stamens. i — 51. S. Elliottii: smooth and glabrous throughout; inves very numerous, à oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, mucronate-acute or r somewhat acuminate, Ses sile, veiny, the margins scabrous, serrate with small appressed teeth, the up- | entire; ds in cro ga py rved ra nicle; scales of the involucre line: sei rays 8-10, scarcely longe? i dis (5-7) disk-flowers; a W eaea minu tely pubescent.—S. elliptica : sk. 9. p. 376 (founded on a de um specimen, with tbe panicle more i of D rich soil, i in the low country of ae ea Rear from Cape Fear “Mr. M. A. Curtis! & Paris Island, Elliott! to c herb. Z. Collins !) Sept: Seen 3-6 feet high, anched above, the a or summit a miel; te els more or less pubescent.—Allied to ovr M in the inflorescence, heads, &e. “a differs in the smooth * * a 1 . cana Mapi facie et sapore, &e. SorinAco. e COMPOSITAE. 219 and leaves; the latter more veiny (the veins evident and often re- ticulated), pale beneath, instead of reed ^ sides, (2-3 inches long, an inch or less in width, the upper smaller); the panicle Sith more elonga- ted ; and the scales of the involucre broader and more obtu t Leaves entire, or Slightly serrate, the pri mary veins nearly obsolete; the mi- nutely pellucid-reticulate veinlets inconspicuous except by transmitted light: heads small: scales of the 5-15-flowered involucre few, membranaceous, narrow. . S. pilosa (Walt.): stem hirsute with spreading hairs, strict, often . sire above, very leafy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate, slightly scabrous, mostly hairy along æ —— — pubescent beneath, obscurely ined ; ate t, closely 2. P 118, ex — "€ br TAR ET. fl. 2. p. 537; Nutt.! ge 2. p. 159 , Ell. ! 3k. ie DC. pro odr. 5. p. 333; not f herb. Das ! "s. DA Moret x DC. $ mp soil, from Florida! Alabama! dnd. "Podbiita ! to the pine barrens Dam of New Jersey ! Sept.-Oct.—Stem 3-7 feet high, robust, villous-hirsute, es- : . pecially towards the summit, with hys jointed hairs, often pani iculat branc hed at the summit; the branc ches or the numerous racemes ved- en vein light, o es with the prim eins i ve nt; the prominent midrib, and often the sca- brous nee fringed with long hairs; the surfaces often glabrous, butsome- times £ s-pubescent above and villous-pubescent beneath: lower leaves 2-3 inches ice. lanceolate-oblong, sharply serrulate, mostly acute, ger nar- per d rowed at the base ; u dually dn d to about half an 1 in lines in width s very numerous, t as large as in S. ora. Bracts subulat moa: scales. of. the kian involucre lanceo- inom the inner line 53. S. odora (Ait.) : stem co es or a ina hed, ioi pubes-: us. cent in d ais de bien: leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very glabrou us, . with citm A mpeni argins, punctate with pellucid dots ; racemes pani- culate; rays 3 or 4, rather large; the disk-flowers 3—4; achenia minutely hairy.— Ait. ! Kew w. (ed. 1) 3. p. 214; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 539; Ell. ! sk. z ar p.916; I. ! med. bot. 1. p. 188, t. 20, & fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. Jl. Bor. Am En Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 457; DC.! ae s :p. 334. S. retrorsa eres; Mis 2. p. 117 ; Ell./.sk. 9. p. 377. Virga-Aurea Ameri- ud Pluk. alm. t. 116, tet a B. leaves less evidently punctate, and peasy a destitute of anisate Borders of thickets, in dry or sand da (Pursh) and ay eee A E shire! to Florida! and Louisiana! (Also e exican & South í 7) A a ‘ Deo) Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-3 feet high, rather slender, often rec av es uds sessile, spreading, or at length reflexed, 1 to 3 or 4 inches : long, one-fou =, Beam more e Han half an inch wide near the b se gon we E e point ; m prominent and smooth ; the it and minutely resto : lated T v ex itted x E nd Wn _as well as des racemes. Pedicels slender. bracts subutate. i involucre few, "E glabrous; the exterior short; the others linear, rather — acute. Pappus shorter than the corolla of the disk.—The leaves yield a oie. oil istillation vais when. onipo exhale a fine anisate odor. A sonore repens E fand. oe ary Me which is only y the wit da this agreeable odor having instead — — MISI Ae Gu c x * 220 COMPOSITAE. Sorinbálio. tile oil, are evident in the (eaves of this Eo with the aid of a lens, al- less abu ndant than in the common ; i 54. Ss torti ifolia (Ell): stem Se brari¢hed, atin oct oe above; leaves small (very numerous) linear, spreading, often twisted at the base, sparingly serrate ; the upper surface with the margins and midrib sca- ro brous, not punctate; the recurved racemes in a pyramid al panicle; rays 3-5, small; the disk-flowers 3-5; bak slightly pubescent.— Ell. ! Shs 2. p. 377; Hook.! compan. to bot. m n ac S. odora, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 118, not of Ait. Dry fields, &c. North Carolina! to Florida! Louisiana! and Texas! Aug.-Oct.— —Stem erect, about 3 feet high, often much branched. Leaves an inch or more in length, 2-4 Hes bere usually serrate with a few scat- than in S. odora; the ml ali of the involucre obtu Pappus nearly equal- ling the corolla of the disk.—In the Texan plant both surfaces of the leaves are e PEN puberulent- ene T t t t Leaves somewhat cinereous or canescent, thickish, feather-veined, and more te dks evidently triplinerved, the veinlets reticulated: heads middle-sized (racemes times crowded and scarcely secund). = 55. = a (Ait.) : Mein with a very short cinereous pubesc stem simple or corymbosely branched above; radical leaves. Jrrancodftts spadate, or boru ineiforim, tipérisgi into a petiole, mostly crenate-ser- rate; cauline oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, some- what scabrous ; racemes mes bia short, dense, at length recurved-spreading, forming a crowde d compound raceme i scales of the involucre linear-oblong, appressed; rays 6-9, rather short ; the isk-flowers 3-6; achenia appressed-pubescent.— Ait. ^ Kew (ed. 1) 3. p- 213 ; Pursh, $t. 2. p. 537 ; Ell.! sk. 9. p. 373; Hook.? Jt. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 3; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 456; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. hispida, Muhl. in Willd. = 3. p. 2063, fide herb. Muhl.! Sc. S. cinerascens, 5 P chweinitz ! B. dwit p more canescent; leaves mostly entire ; OPES contracted, somewhat v meat y. leaves more scabrous; the upper short, obovate-spatulate Dry or sterile fields, LI Canada! (from the Sa skatchawan !) ET through- out the United States! common. 8. On the Assiniboin River, Douglas and towards the sources of St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet! y. Texas, Drum- mond ! Louisiana, Dr. ek ! Kentucky, Dr. Short! Manitou Island, Lake chigan, Dr. Engelm Sey t.-Oct.—A well ow ‘species, remarka- ble for its "grayish E. ey m. inflorescence. The stem (1-3 feet! h, in B. 6-10 inches) is often gnare y simple, Me terminated by a small and con- tracted, more or less elongated and decurved panicle, composed of short glomerate racemes ; frequently i it produces veral such panicles, racemosely ranges ia : mes the stem is much branched at the sum- mit, producing dde iiem, pitéciós: Scales of odivoluse minutely Base cilate. P var. y. is a more rigid and scabrous form 56. S. Radula (Nutt.): stem simple, seabrous-pubescent ; leaves cunei- alae pu ent, very scabro us vbt MEME into a bip hat petiolate base; the upper ob- and rays each 2-6, the latte Very short; achenia ys ^ id PES H 2 * * Ei a F. A Sonipaco. ` COMPOSITE. 221 . minutely Pu NE in jour. acad, Philad. 7. p. 102, & in trans. . phil. soc. (n. Dry ground, Arkansas Rita ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! Missouri, Dr. Engel nann! deer oot —Plant 10-18 inches high, rather slender. “Radical ines unknown: the cauline — crowded and rigid, rough, minutely hispid-ciliate, ieliculitbd i the lowest € etimes lan- CE poc rand acute) 2-3 inches long, half an inch "iden ar the apex}; the successively smaller and more oblong or ov Mis Taonia, and en- ire, mue mucron ulate. Heads rather Baali than in S. nemoralis, crowded. ract ute. 5 berrima : stem corymbose at the summit, very scabrous; cauline m crowded, ovate or r closely sessile, rigid, very scabrous, what triplinerved ; the lower coarsely vidue d; the ppermost and the lowest bracts roundish, hes re; racemes numerous, recurved, forming ore qe compound panicle ; the heads iei. iocis secund ; disk- flow ner gaysi aA aps the latter very short; achenia nearly glabrous. Tex !—The specim sd consist of the upper portion of an apparently l 14 species: the thick and coriaceous leaves 1 to 2 inches long, e diculs s ther e d $ oe upper smaller and rounder, closely sessile by a very obtuse base ; beg ose of a Je anches and the viter: bracts small, nearly orbic ilar. ce longated. —Involuc c. as in the preceding.—D from be racit of 's. rotundifolia, DC. in the secund and much spreadin racemes, and the sharply t aoi lower leaves. It agrees with the present group in habit and character; but the lower per" aro so manifestly tripli- etved that it e be referred to the followi ing divi 58. S. n Nutt.) : pulverulently canescent ; stems several from a some- what ligneous caudex, simple: radical and lowest m leaves spatulate, i : tioles; the others scarcely secund heads Gr ma than in S. nemoralis) towards the summit. Involucre somewhat t pubesc Shite: clothed with a eos cni pubescence, when dd slightly scabrous; stems low, rous from a suffruticose base; leaves rowded, thick, oval or oblong, soils y obtuse, sessile, triplinerved ; the lower abico eai sparingly serrate E the re tapering to the ; erate, crow tei dense th , panicle, at mes short, glom length somewhat spréading and secu scales of the involucre oval-oblong ; rays 5- i vie ui ? leaves cinereous-canescent and somewhat scabrous pe tomentose), anceolate, acute at both ends, finely ¢ and sharply se voluere aio t pcs or e i alle lucre oblong-lin mS mals di. y Ge fe J Ath YA, > a v La i Ra 6 G 2e MI? s i ; - : v. M > » 222 | COMPOSITE. Souspaso, s rior scales of the involucre somewhat avg or ciliate.—The plant which - 7 b d with some hesitation, eu a variety of this species, en nar- ` and less v iira ety-canescent lea mo E e acute, looser racemes, ke, The d ap would probably be sought for arian the Triplinervia ; but w have r er a in this subdivision on account of its close alliance to the sent spec oe a *** * * * Racemes spreading or ia (sarpio), secund : leaves, moniftiy m triplinerved or 3-ribbed. —Tri ipline t Heads middle-sized: scales of the rol Ather thick and rigid, closely im- bricated, with greenjah tips. » 49- Shorti: em simple or branching from Es base, ninaa sca- Ment; werten rigid, smooth and glabrous, with ci peri. S oblong- Venetis sme gem ee hcc g to the base, niit and unequally serrate towar apex; uppermost entire; racemes short, disposed in an elon shen ot pee elt scales of: HM gh olucre linear-oblong ; achenia eue as scent. E heads dis waa S a somewhat si pss | lomerate-spicató raceme. 1 in i , uppermost comm monly veinless. Racemes SRR spat dense, secund, at i spreading, Sens an erect or decurved more or less contracted nicio, $- 3-8 hqe. sd n legi» which is often gos at the base. Ray an 61. S. Missouriensis (Nutt.) : smooth and glabrous; ae. low; simple ; a leaves i jose Ata acute, with v m rous mar -—— e Miror fuse: achenia slightly pubescent.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 3 § trans. Amer. phil. aa ser.) 7. p. 32 ; icon lo bot. mag. 1. p. 97. S. glaberri dé c. in acad; Brux? (we have seen no character), founded on a plant REESE in Missouri EMT Duerinck. . ud | ser Ag : wider, less pointe 5 ; ves e slender ; stem m corymbose at the nia glabrous. Dry prairies of the a: e glas !) and ‘the uem of St E Peter's Ri r (Mr. Ni collet !) of the Upper Missouri (Mr. ius. L to St. pos ! [llinoi dew! Louisian ted), 2-3 voee long, 2. -4 (in f. "P Mod iis first n cs erect, at length elongated and a Souipago. $ COMPOSITÆ. 223 21 nens ges a p se broad panicle. Involucre closely imbricated. 0, rather s well marked species. The plant is sweet- acl ee to Mr. "Buckley. Pe t t Heads small: scales of the involucre n , membranaceous: racemes Ei X elongated, forming an ample pss S. Leavenworth : rns strict, scabrous ; leaves linear, acute, sharpl serrate e, m cilio vete abrous margins, inconipieubeply triplinerved, sm and nd racemes loose, pa kdar -spreadin mewhat secund, formin an elongated o open i Mode: peduncles villous- “pabean (heads large for - de bdi visión j) segles of the involucre linear-oblong, ve obtuse; rays mall. ida, near Micanopy, &c., Dr. Leavenworth! Sept.-Oct t.—Stem ap- entl 3 or 4 feet — terete simple, puberulent-scabrous thirpoghiedl eaves numerous, about 3 s long. and one-fourth of an inch wide, ser- ad with small and ds presi teeth, ates and somewhat narrowed ar th icuous midrib, from which arise two rather ob- e with a seure lateri il nerves, velles ex ex sept’ by — p when — appear minutely eticulated under a lens. Racemes a simple or compound somewhat leafy panic ife (6-12 inches look) iiie the pedicels. slender. Heads fully as large as in S. gigantea, and muc less crowded. Ra ays about 12, small and slender; the disk-flowers nearly the same number. : minutely pabesce: —Allied in some respects to the S. odora group. re. 63. : stem smooth or minutely pubescent, strict; leaves des p eg or acuminate at e ach end, sparingly iru nearl brous, ee inilinecsed Moe ve einlets reticulated); pae IDEAE virgate or narrowly midal; the racemes at length P EY secund ; ; scales of E involucre EAS subulate ; rags ma and slender enia pubescent.— Nutt. ! trans. La mer. phil. soc. (n. ser S. elata, Hook.! fl. Bor.- olan B. leaves lanceolate- seg 3 arply 784 PAR i serrate ; racemes strict, at length somewhat spreading, but scarcely secund; heads s maller.—S. Can- adensis £. Hook.! l.c. S. stricta, Tik in Linnea, 6. p. 502? (Leaves either smooth and very indistinctly papa or slightly scabrous with the nerves more evident: varies also with the n shorter, the dry cle short and obtuse. S. Canadensis, Hook. & Arn. ! t Body. y? leaves larger, somewhat scabrous de valises Penh beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous ; panicle dense, pyramidal, the crowded racemes » atlength : recurved-spreading, secund ; bendi larger —S. e elongata 8. Nutt. 7 l.c. S$. Can Hook.! fl. Bor. - Am. 9. p.1 o Arctic speci n and Cal ifornia (a. & .), Mendes ! ! Beečhey! D ee ee Straits of FE act a d c Am , from e Lak sell to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Richardson poeta 3-4 feet hi ghi in y. stout, but the specim edwarf. Panicle 5:10 in inches long, st rict and narrow, & with pe aag emi rh large as in S. Canadensis: in y. heilen panicle i is lly thyrsoid or broadly pyramidal, with the heads fully as large as in = E it is perhaps a distinct species. Rays exserted, but — mid i icuous.—This species perhaps extends. to tust Sout America ; toit(or to S. fincaribblia, D DC.?) we may proba ably refer : nt collected in Mendoza A. the late Dr. Gillies, oped in ok. fi. .-Am. under S. lanceo: 64. S. C Linn., Ait.): stem scutes Rama or villous ; leaves n ce sharply | -n te, ‘sometimes mes almost e — more or less pubescent beneath and scabrous above; panicle pyra iate, of - E a +. peen or tomentose beneath, scabrous x | 994 . 23 COMPOSITE. Soxipageo. © very ni rous recurved pip C ogn pubescent.— Linn. hort. 3. p. 2207 p spec. 1l r p duos Hook. ! ! fe Bo p prodr. 5. p. 3 S.n sopra "€ g^ very short; achenia p ee EA Ace (ed. "LL it sk. 9. p. 369; excl. Eyi Barling ° fe [^ p.455; DC.! irga-Aurea ences] tifolia, &c. Pik. alin. T : 936. ERU arith he leaves are ty mooth and Leer Veg ely approac as s 's. serotina); and from m oblongslamceüflate to elongated linear-lanceolate (a state of the latter is S. longifolia, Schrad. ! hor. i dr. 1. B. intermedia: stem villous or densely cinereous-pubescent; leaves softly above.—S. Ca nadensis y. Ait. ! l.c. ; ook.# 1. c... S. NE Desf. -e DC. 1. c. (* Heads much smaller than , a enum 8 Or sc Mi ous-hirsute; leaves tomentose beneath, . procera scabrous ahpa, elongated lanceolate, sparingly eon or the u ppper Sutro; $ procera, Ait. l.c. ; Ell. |. sk. heads er with the rays rather longer.—S. p. 369.—Varies with thé leaves slightly pubescent, pre aie E nerves, and e. stem seabrous-pubeseent, or som Lo abrous below ô. scabra: stem scabrous-hirsute or ciner ; leave slanceolate or r oblong- m gie rig entire, ination ctly cible ved. more veiny and pu- bescent ntose or Moneta very dade a s heads var. y.—S. scabra, Muhl.! cat., nca ed. (where astr. 1 itis well Shared) Willd. spec. 3. p. E i where it is so incorrectly | describe t it has not since been recopvized) ; De. ! Ku Borders of thickets fields, &c., comm iM c ‘igo the United " States! to Subar augeri * (Oregon, Nut ta onsylvaniat" to to Georgia ! and west a Mench an! Louis om exas! © Aug.-Oct A polymorphous og. distinguished byi its pew > mg yety inconspicuous rays, and pubescent m and leave: Tg. €— — succeeding form, foni. which 4 is only to be diminanianiadet i ha larg eads: the latter is scarcely Apre from S. -; which has shorter and daily broader es, often indistinclly tripli- ade somewhat rugosely veined.— This ies appears to have been a time cultivated in many '"Baopéer mde conf du the name of S. altissima. 65. S. serotina (Ait.) : stem very smooth, often rica n ^ late, acuminate, serrate, glabrous ae the vei jm | bap the upper surface scabrous; panicl i ed racemes ; uncles E orgéqet rays short dy elabrous~ it Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. uhl. ! y. santea, Darlingt. ! A. Cest. p . ed t aes and low Can ada! and ni | (Oregon, Nuttall.) Aug. —Disting » c stout stem (4-8 feet high), “ee the ae are more or less pube "s fde ni s beneath, i the upper surface scabrous, at least E the base than i gigan margins. tea, which ee e dies very T OY approach ; ; and the heads aod ra commonly es. oa in size between : horis. pubescent n young. - 66. S. ret MS ): stem stout, a and ivision -1)3. p.211; Hook.! fl. uim, Willd. that species | and S: Canadensis. iritooch and often gains; leaves glab both sides, lanceolate, qup e e, densely 1 a vi y sharply serrate, except th narrowed. ; pan a » of numerous recurved racemes ; peduncles pete Js exse d; Bor.- Am. 2. p- shal be prodr. 5. p. spec. 3. p: 2056.— V aries, with the leaves broadly, E 2 t SoripAco. COMPOSIT Z. j 225, or narrowly lanceolate (the latter S. ee Def! à i pe! E: c. » very coarsely, or finel and eparsely ae serlo (ih na, i as to spec. fr egon, &c.), eines Sid res ^s atta nerves ides distinct (S. —— Willd. le c.); the panicle large and crowded, or sometimes gate B. leaves vins ‘from lanceolate to oval- lanceolate, narrowed at the base; the — nerves don indistinet; panicle — thyrsoid or fastigiate.—S. a B. Dre 268. at cheri, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 101, pp r. phil. soc. l. c Fields aeg borders of Sime a Canada! and Saskatchawan! to Alabama! Com Arkansas, (Dr. "Pita her !) Kester ey! &c., to Saskatchawan! and - m mer Ter hed by its erfectly smooth leaves as well as stem, 67. S. rupestris (Raf. 5 em crai be loosely branched above, smooth, the branches and diis s pubescent; leaves smooth and glabrous, ok cee attenuate at both ends, bed or sparsely serrulate ; m 8 a Tia mall; rays very short; achenia pubescent. —Raf.! nat. (1820) p. Cliffs of Kentuck d Drone Dr. Short! and emper com- mon in Kentucky! Jndia Aug.-Sept.—Smooth like S. gigantea, with the small heads and i inconspicuous a" ip f S. Canadensis Sear le a ds m 3. Frutescent, det somewhat glutinous: leaves obscurely triplinerved, veinless, entire: heads corymbose-paniculate: involucre as in § Virgaurea, few- (4—7-) flowered : ra rays 1-3.—Curysoma, Nutt. (in jour. acad. Philad., trans. Amer. phil. soc. excl. spec. 2 & 3.) A specimen of a plant de nearly allied to the following, from the Bahama Islands, exists in Sir William Hookers herbarium, chiefly di ering in its smaller and most red zs rays, an more ev idently triplinerved leaves, Which do not exhibit the beautiful reticulated structure of tgo probably the S. A grain s, Spreng. This section is allied t “Maritime on the one (and is 5 composed of sea-side plants ?) and to Kcuilsafa on the other sa (Michx.): glabrous or glaucous, what viscid; leaves t — lanceolate, oblanceola obtuse, entire, narrowed at the base, sessile mcr compound pani- ales of the 5-7-flowered i ly oblong, carinate ; reys large: achenia silky-villous.—Mi ichz. ! dne € ee 116. Jig vr ttn ma solida- » Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7 Alabama, Mr. Uie proc atq e iE uch —, 1-3 feet Aes i raha arge, son sesti ad. " Rays pen deep yello ae ee: i turning somewhat brownish.—This remarkable plan bt- nknown to who has probably at a mere venture nea it as a VOL. mip ** 226 a COMPOSITA. SoripAGo. § 4. Herbaceous, much branched, fastigiate-corymbose: scales of the involu- — — cre much appressed, somewhat glutinous: receptacle fimbrillate: rays ~ (6-20) more numerous than the disk-flowers, very small: achenia oblong, villous-pubescent : heads in corymbose clusters, mostly fascicled : leaves line- ar, entire, 1-5-nerved, sessile. —EUTHAMIA, Nutt. * ee 69. S. lanceolata (Linne -stem much branched, cae the branches diu (at eat the angles). with the nerves and margins of the lanceolate-linear ved leaves minutely scabrous-pubescent ; fend SbUseld- -cylindrical, in M dena cor Meg clusters, sessile; scales of ie involuere obtuse, oblong or lanceolate, the innermost linear; flowers of the disk 8-12; the minute s 15-20.—Linn.! mant. p. 114; P. ! io AG 1) 3. p. 214; Micha. ! y^ 2. m 116 a sat E M a Bigel. fl. Bost. ee 2. p. 301; 6 (p artl j; Dorint: f f. Cest. p. 4 S. gra- mini dd Ei fu ^ p. "so ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 341. Srat grami- nifolia, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 1 € int trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Chrysoco- ma graminifolia, Linn. s spec. 2. p. 8 Fields and borders of thickets, Canada cm SUN America) and ne -— throughout the ue ited E E. dew eie de —4 feet high, stri- angled, usually scabrous-puberul xis dly lanceo sess oin (3-5 inches long and 5- sere "T eck: dire more slender), ne" Paget p and indistinctly 3-nerved, nume p but not fascicled in po e ads one-fourth to one-third of an inch in 1 engib- Receptacle p i imbeilane 70. S. prem gres (Parsh); — or slightly sedis stem much ^7 branched, fastig leaves very narrowly linear, spreading, 1- (rarely eaves somewhat 3-) a ci. punctate with resinous dots ; heads obovoid or turbi- nate, in loose corymbos e clusters, mostly in glomerules = 2 or 3, sometimes ‘pedicellate; rays 6-12, ately exserted ; the disk-flowers 5~6.—Pursh, fle ™ 2. p. 540; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 3 : prodr. 5 " d S. lanceolata 8. minor, Michz.! l.c. Eu hama — Nuit. Florida! fields, - m" the c de Ma tenm EN “and New York! to "t Louisiana ! pcm —A more slender plant than the pre- err smaller, espe ‘less glomerate. Leaves 1 to nearly 3 4 Eros long, one line or less in width, sprinkled with resinous atoms, often — . =e the el Met ial the ie acis is reduced to few heads, these are y paeen n e species is variable, and some states nearly ap- Stone pe , tel dd p — very smooth ; stem densely fastigiato-corymbose at 7 s lanceolate-linear, l-nerved, or obscurel nerved ; Florida! ¢ ra — Western a, De Eon, ! I Dr. | ale! Texas, Drum mond !— [ we ga an apparently strie “and nearly. simple, oy tat the summit. Leaves —. crowded, but not d, 2-3 inches long, 2-3 lines. wi midrib and usua 3 # obscure lateral nerves, | »ellucid-punct: u .. allied species, but not ed with re tois, e i glutinous. Heads ~ Very numerous and sede. Rays mostly shorter than Bit: flowers. Receptacle conical, fimbrillate. — ‘ s WS m lehtalii (Nutt. under Futte very “smoot k mm i pe a becomes ve s in sm cellate; scales of the ered involucre linear-lanceolate, reba nceolata, Cham. ao ‘ ss COMPOSITE. - ' -297 Schlecht.! in Linnea, 6. b, S02; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am , partly. Euthamia occidentale, Nut n tris: Amer. phil. soc. Wa ser. A w drip * Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! Dénclde! Nuttall! and California, Chami to e Rocky Mountains, Nuttall.—More paniculately bra in tied that "soia j species of this division; the long and slender branches term ted. by small clusters; the short and broadish heads all, or cally all T edi cello ayo 16-20, a little exserted ; the disk-flowers 8-14: appendages of the style of the latter obtuse. Receptacle with the margins of the alveoli pilose, rather than fimbrillate. 1 Species not sufficiently known to us, founded on native specimens. 73. S. panos (DC.): n erect, terete, wi hier: the leaves) some- what scabrous with a very short pubescence; leaves oblo -— sit ag tan entire, Biia triplinerved; the radical arene. at the mes somewhat secund, Den ina dte DENM scales T "the ER cu involucre cx heads 10-flowered ; rays 5, very minute; achenia ap aes. bc. S mdr. 4 p. 322. istricts, aren dd Plant a foot high. DC.— — n the rn di Hur it ei longi « o the corymbose division . S. rotundi ifolia (DC.) : stem erect, terete, quinos s scabrous; leaves iy ‘malts, or obovate, obtuse, mucronate, the ma and both surfaces very scabrous; the E r crenate, the upper entire ; racemes erect, compac i di i ros am icle; — roundish ; + the i erii 4 toa ieee somewha e; rays very small. D 5. p. 33a zz "Texas, in a e dni Pedir erence: — Very dieto i in the form of C. its bracts. ec S. lepida (DC. ): stem erect, strict, terete, puberulent ; p die oval- te, with a long po entire base, coa — serrate at the apex, acu- minate, feather-veined, somewhat a oi especially the Aq and the veins ben eath ; » panic da sect, term scales of the amen involucre ear, prt ts a a little vint gens the m: DC. prodr. 5. p. 339. B. subserrata (DC. 1. c.): leaves slightly se Nootka, Henke.—Allied to S. latifolia and S. E, DC. 76. S. compacta (Turcz.) : racemes erect; stem WEE A gir M leaves obloig-lanceolate, tapering into a long petiole, entire, or the upper- most serrulate, sli ighily e — ing margins ciliate ; ends itus nsely glome- unded by lea aie, e n bull. soc. nat. Mose. 1840. DE = 71. S. elata Qn: stem Ai terete; leaves | , Eso. di ae ie y. eath; racemes yar A elongated. Pursh, fl. "es P- M merica, ( Herb. Banks.) Pursh.—T wo plants are ticketed * S. elata" : in the Banksian herbari «i. one, à cul d specimen of a maneng : species, i » S. Senita Des . DC.: the other arked * New Je ersey, — Bartram zend has a hairy stem, ary branched above; ue T ss ataa allis hich eye try on both surfa ces and ciliate; erect racemes ; eher ge ona minut ovate, short; the Saat slogan slightly pointed, all somewhat € ) i and stri — — achenia ae tt has Pa ed its t arbone: è seen no asd pony hum ne S we suspect it is not c ora (Raf.): stem simple, smooth ; leaves oblong lanceolate, . c (Ra acute, entire ; flowers 1 minal.—Raf. in med. repos. (hex p. 359. a New Jerse, and pedro County, Delaware, Rafinesque d E » ove P M : i to ** S. Nar t, in act. Tolos. 3. p (of ^ which Ee: S.N Pourre E T S ruo bo * y e. á A AES 4255 ^ r COMPOSITE. SoripAGo.- ty : & t t Species founded on garden specimens (many of unknown or uncertain ori- gin), which we have not identified with native plants. * * Racemes erect. 79. S. grandiflora (Desf.) : clothed with a short and close villous pubes- cence, somewhat scabrous; leaves elliptical or Yam -lanceolate, finely ser- rate, acute; the lower narrowed at the base s paniculate, forming a thyrsus ; heads 30-40-flowered ; scales of thé inves oblong, obtuse, ped Meg Reid (large) cei Marge pubescent.— Desf. ! cat. hort. Par. € 403 ! prodr. 5. i P Eon h Rasen ? ed panel origin unknown; Galiivated in the Garden of Plants, Paris—We have seen no indigenous specimens of this species ; size; but the rather loose racemes are Ju the upper shorter and with few heads, so that the inflorescence forms a pyramidal thyrsus or panicle instead of a fastigiate corymb ; the scales «i ie involucre are narrower and less obtuse; the achenia clothed with a minute pubescence; even the u leaves are serrulate, and the radical (wich we have not scen) are said to be scarcely petioled. 80. S. multiflora (Desf.): “ms erect, pon hei very much branc shed, the pan eem branches sparse Eee ; leav li lanceolate, acu- minate, serrate, glabrous, or ho most somewhat pubes scent pim is LI nerves ; enisi erect; scales of t iela elal rous, acute; rays T Jonge than the disk. DC.— AE e ! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, p. ne à -9. p. 402 ; Pers. syn. 9. p. ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 336. Said to be of North American Adm but we have seen no native speci- mens which accord with the cultivated plant. The heads resemble S. Cana- P CHEN but the racemes are very short, in erect panicles.. Achenia pubescent. e som av ewhat scabrous above; the upper slightly triplinerved, the midrib pu nt. oes e iege (Desf.) : very glabrous; stem SN, — .smooth im ves Pa ceolate, quite pod se ose erect; pedicels short, i les scales of the involucre oblon ; walls acute ; ; si inar. a e rig ee the disk ; he Ps ced 6-7. D C.—* Des 3. p. 4 PE. odr. 5. 3. TN p- 340. North [b e kon to us = ipid native Shine The y unlike S speciosa ban S. uen (Desf.): glabrous; stem angled; leaves e slightly serrulate, acute, narrowed towards the base; the Miner ovate ; flori- ferous branches erect, leafy. Desf. cat. l. c. Cul ete the Pari TUA. of Aawi p bdg- ro 83. s. hirta € f B. pu m res lanceolate, sca- brous í aee sides ; xy auline — dum those of > branches entire ; ra- —Ó jay elongate ey 91. E North Ameri edet ciently isi by by its ‘hingute and ^ brous leaves; the ~ mac ees —Ó M^ Wee EER has never been identified untry. mifolia ee ves branching, pu ubescent; ul evi Vee see Deer | entire; racemes Willd. evum. p 593 ; Link, c enum. 2. P $m; DC. Ec E d ' Sonmaco. COMPOSITE. , 299 North America, Willdenow.—Leaves nearly as in Lithospermum offici- nale. Willd. l. c.— "hend leaves long, triplinerved, scabrous. Flowers rather large. Link.—Stem pubescent, rines hispid. Leaves apicu- - Sie callous mucronation, somewhat M nerved, the lateral veins DC.—Pursh, who professes to Aes seen this species growing, gives : ds ; HR Sandy barren woods, New Joss. to n but affords no other informat 85. S. gra "E pay stem erect, glabrous, scabies simple; leaves “an ceolate, acuminate, — glabrous Erie feather-veined ; p lower oval-lanceola ie, a at ase uppermost nearly entire; ra- cemes erect, bearing few hea de disposed à in a narrow -— ; scales of the © í o a of the disk. DC.—Poir. dict. 8. p- v (where thé: leaves are said t entire) DC. pl. rar. hort. Genev. 6. p. 6, & prodr. 5. North ica ?—The plan nt is said to be a foot and a half high, with a reddish stem ; toe AREA leaves 2 inches long, 6-8 lines wide; the branches terminated by erect panicles, 2-3 inches in length, less than an inch in breadth: the ovaries clothed with very small appr ressed hairs. The latter an ii ee others, would seem to "e the plant from S. stricta an . Schraderi (DC.): stem oie terete, “sparsely P panicu- initi branched ; leaves linear-lan minate, serrate at the apex, labrous, wit > somewhaf'scabrous m uppermost entire ; racemes erect, very short, bracteolate ; scales woe e Dowd aqaa acute ; rays linear, as eng 2 the disk. DC. prodr. 5. p. 336. S. gracilis, Schrad. ieri: Gait, É C. À species of — (probably N. Américain) origin, allied to the prece- lon ding; but the leaves longer, narrower, and a little more rigid; the long pani- culate branches Hatea very short axillary racemes for a long distance; the _ rays much shorter, &c. DC. — 87. S. carinata (Schrad. in DC.): stem erect, angled at the summit, somewhat puberulent; radica leaves on n- fot petioles, oblong, tapering at th e, obtuse at pex, mucronate, sinuate-serrate the upp SSL, - linear, somew at serrate ; all glabrous, with s scabrous, the mid. rib prominent benea th; racemes erect, omnet in a panicle; rays 7-9, onger he disk C. prodr. 5. p. 3 n the Gettingen Botanic Garden, the origin unknown, perhaps - l an.—Radical leaves 7 inches long, ced the po d. hes cip puberulent, bracteolate. DC.—Perh es acu iden " state of S. stricta 88. S. mollis (Dant) leaves, as well as the pos sm. _pulverulent e pubescent, with scabrou s margins, poe Snag h ones oblong, ee ae racen erect, EN ric involuere "e pressed, acute, glabrous ; rays longer e the ; pt hori: i er 05 836, p. 5, & in L , 19. suppl. p. 80; : > North America ; rai seed collected by | be a state of S. nemo e- n: st e: = Pore di ra Se w Schrad. "r Gott. p. 12. t. 6, § in neu. jour. _ 180, p Tio; ex DC. prodr. 5. p. 334 f " 230 | COMPOSITE. ` _ Soumaco. North America: said to be allied to S. arguta and S. inthe cgo This is pe i S. neglecta: but we have never observed a v stem in that spec . S. recurvata (Willd.) : stem erect, pubescent; — —€—M acu- eat (veiny), serrate, vie glabrous, the margins x elongated, amid panicled. Willd. enum. p. 8 d DC.; was ER e North America, Willdenow.—Described from lant cultivated in e Berlin Botani puru —bLeaves ipe cite above, slightly scabrous along the nerves ys linear-oblong, a little ee than the disk. Pursh is E only American author who pretends to have recognized this eee which he gives as a native of PIE woods of Pennsylvania and mem 91. S. lateriflora (Linn.): panicle corymbose; racemes recurved, as- PM ; stem bearing flower-branches below the middle. Linn. spec. 2. "Non America, Kalm.—The plant is said by Linnzus to be half the size of S. Canadensis; the leaves entire or with one or two teeth ; ; the flowers as in S. altissima; the simple branches rather shorter than the stem, co . As remarked -— Smith, (Rees, cycl.) there is some doubt as to the ppan bienes had in view, which an papecon e v - herbals does not remove. pla At cultivated under this na appears to have been much aged à ing poles As desc ee in the Hortus Kewensis, it ame what hai stem, aroue mer at tripli- t the paniculate be secund an what rec ccording to Willdenow (enum. p- 889), when cultivated J in a shad place, the stem is very simple, with simple axillary racemes, the lower very long, the upper short : but in exposed situations the stem becomes branched. S. fragrans (Willd.): stem erect, glabrous ; etin glabrous, oblong, Prada at each end, ey a. nag eae ; the low den mewhat serrate, the upper entire; racem [Me iem cund; ‘pedice s pubescent; — linear-subulate, a cuate-teeurved; scales T the ase somewhat gree ish [ovate- lanceolate utish]; ra - her | than sk pye , : rays oblong, rather longer [achenia Sy ville S3 Dc.— a Vie enum. suppl. p. 59, ex an he disk x : s N „North America, Wil LN Ive seen no native plant which accords with our specimens of this species, Pics in the Berlin Botanic en. Mie per ritime species; and the leaves (which are rather thick, a a ma hd green, and shining above » 2-3 inches long, about half an inch wide, mi- racemes are mostly peered rather crowded, and sont ong? ee the leaves; the heads fully Imiddle-sizbl ; the exterior ap- at of Aes invi volar greenish and the -achenia clothed with white a 93. is a. Spoli): sb stem erect, striated, slightly hairy ; leaves lanceo- x late, distantly tooth ed; clusters panicled aniletorak rather the the lower ones axillary ; bracts lanceolate, anobeh. a, del. * Ri cod. LAU Smith in Rees, , cycl. no. 23. S. Clelie, DC. prodr. | liented in the Italian ardens, collected b p ith the garden at : Pavia, in n 1787; raed o oU "pm that ot 1. i uk oat deg 3 +) and ‘sup s m Ye ‘= rding de Smith, | it as iptices 1; but its leaves are t, a its Enn much oming ea jose ARR clusters Pg altel com-- leafy panicle, gg about as long as their lice cates ono = SoripAco. COMPOSITE. 231 Rays rather numerous. The foliage is rigid, X a finely toothed, not orien nd triple- -ribbed, indeed m n S. lateriftorá, = to speci ies we should have aac: it but er ina alleged affini- o S. elliptica." Smith, l. c 94. S. reflera (Ait): — — "eoe: leaves lanceolate, somewhat middle, yobeum. 2m branches of the panicle secund, reflexed, short). DC.! prodr. o us as a wild plant, nor can we identify the one or two different species sick are eumd) in Europe under this name wi indigenous les "s “Pine onde and 9 fields, Pe Jer- sey to mones probably of pe s d the species was not recog- nized by Elliott. The plant of De Candolle Vente Bot. Gar en pies a very much contracted and que i — panicle, kis v "wy — teuer than in S. Canadensis; the stem what pubesc the wly lanceolate leaves slightly cec banca, decis k TP BRE h oveboracensis, Linn. (the particular derivation of the specimen cun the ray owens Ew which eet a were not yellow, is apparently an Aster, with arge as m p s with t e plant RUINE by De Candolle cine ore e he considers a doubtful and probably state of S. ri nhs: — describ ntaines is said to have elongated and E secund heads 40. BIGELOVIA. (Bigelowia,*) DC. prodr. 5. p. 329 (excl. § 2 & 3), & mem. Comp. t. 5 ; not of Smith, of Spreng., nor of Raf. Heads 3-4-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involuere cla- vate-cylindrical, somewhat colored, as long as the flowers; the scales (10-14) linear, boc ipee appressed, rigid, somewhat glutinous. Receptacle narrow, pointed by a hyaline or scale-like cusp as long as the achenia. kd rolla, aniliers and style nearly as in Linosyris; the latter scarcely exserte ed Achenia somewhat obconic, hairy. Pappus a single series of scabrous lary bristles.—A. perennial glabrous herb, with slender xe or branched from the base, somewhat naked above, corymbose at Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or linear, entire, 1-3- —3-nerved, pirka pune- i - Heads in a fastigiate ied or cyme. Flowers um the involucre yellowish. M EC * ^ t * * bi p bs M — p ioned genera prove distinct, the 7 t be p ‘the Lichens, E that of Bigelovia, Spreng., Arn. «c. in Rubiacez ; in ing th via f cie oce, will Keep 2 B ius is merged in Parn ay ec dst da. orreria so long as the Borrera of ES ager Bonds 3 ge h R We 232 COMPOSITE. Diekrovia. : B. nudata (DC. ! "ca etm nudata, Michz.!. fl. 2. p. 101; ^" Pursh! fl. 2. p.517; "gu? . 309 a. pfolia : radical € ren leaves oblanceolate, 1- or obscurely 3-nerved, tapering into an attenuated d the cauline ones scattered, — ery few, linear.—B. nudata, DC.! c., & mem. comp. t. 5. Chrysoc B. virgata : eurfie radical leaves linear-spatulate ; ; the others, and the often more numerous) cauline ones narrowly linear, 1-nerved.—B. vir rgata, ia On it. l.c CTi rysocoma virgata, Nu Bórdenk. of swamps, and low pine e barrens, New r Jersey (Nuttall) and Vir- , ginia! to Florida! Alabama! Louisiana! an s! Aug.-Oct.—Stems 1-2 feet high, slender. Lower leaves 2-3 i n oik: the uppermost ve Scales of the involucre 1-nerved, with somewhat greenis tips.—The habit is much that of the section Ethan in Rao but i stems are less inclined to branch. "The B. virgata appears only a nar- ` row-leaved state of dis ordinary plant ; but. i may, ein be a distinct species. 41. LINOSYRIS. Lobel; DC. prodr. 5. p. 351, (& Bigelowia § 2. DC.) Linosyris & Crinitaria, Cass.—Chrysothamnus, Nutt. ‘ Heads 5-many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involucre : campanulate, obovoid, or oblong, often shorter than the disk; the scales im- bricated, mostly concave or carinate, destitute of herbaceous tips; the exte- ally looser and bracteolate, passing into the leaves. Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed ; the teeth fleshy or somewhat lacerate. Corolla with an ex- ^. panding 5-cleft or 5-parted vecti Bapithes of the style with ber linear or oblong stigmatic portions; Ache- : nia oblong, somewhat t compressed, silky- Afitibns. “Pa cage of copious t scabrous capillary bristles.—Perennial herbs or suffruticose plants (natives chiefly of Southern Europe, Northern Asia, and North America west of the Mississippi), branched from the base, and bearing corymbose heads at the * summit. Leaves alternate, crowded, sessile, linear or oblong, nir entire, and l-nerved. Flowers yellow. - $ 1. pore 20-30- EEO ED as long as the disk. ái 1. L. Terana: sufifitbscent t at the base, glabrous, not glutinous; stems . And numerous branches strongly striate-angled ; leaves linear, carinately 1- : omy ae rigid ; scales of the he emispherical involucre lanceolate, acute, Ep 2 i imb of the v Drummond ! Dr. Riddell !—Stems 1-2 fs high, much ube gt eaves 1-2 inches long, less than 2 lines wide, acute, some- mes with 2 2 slight =e lateral petet and very minutely and obscurely » dotted. Heads all more less pedicellate, with few bracteal leaves. Scales Tu 2 Pina AM MF y Eg Linosrnis. COMPOSITE. 233 2. L. Drum mondii : much branched from the voydibetc: base, zinien, the young heads and Sieg a s runs POM lutinous ; Re ete; leaves narrowly linear, tapering t base, thickish, obscuri ly 1-nerved ; scales of the end. Banca closely imbri sated in 4-5 series, rigid, lanceo- late-oblong ; the outermost passing into subulate 5 racts; c SER somewhat exceeding the pappus, the slender tube longer than the Gyathiform 5-cleft ; the tri pang wiarlercoolats appendages of the Style much shorter than the stigmatic por Texas, Drummond sien Seid, 8-10 inches high; the heads nearly sessile and so at aggregated at the extremity of short terete branchlets. Leaves an iudi; Nb an nd a line Side crowded. Scales of the involucre either pns or slightly pulverulent at the apex, obtusish. Stamens inserted be- low the middle of the puia pen of the corolla. Ovary si iky. puléacequgue eet a are imma nother species of this continent, L. Mexicana, , is ere ny, Schlechtendl ( (Hortus Halensis, t. 4.), and is isiiabin for its toothed le p § 2. Involucre several-(6—10—90-) flowered, mostly shorter than the disk ; the scales oval or oblong, concave or carinate : appendages of the style triangu- _. lar or deltoid-ovate, much shorter than the flat stigmatic portion. . This division includes the Siberian L. omes. L. villosa, (in which the heads are only 8-10-flov ved L. Tartarica, &c.; in our —— of the latter = heads _ are only 5.7-flowe = 9. L. pluriflora: frutescent? glabrous ; EEA angular ; ave very |— " narrowly linear, x del at attenuate towards the te wee 1-nerved ; heads 15-18-flowered, crowd ee anc dee 3 at the summit of the small ds cated, very unequal; lobes of the corolla sie much shorter than the Mis A poetidages o sr the e sacle Riso obtusish. cU plagis e Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 211, not of Nuit per Missouri or PP latte ? Dr. James 1 — The lo wer part of th ourspecimen. Le ut 2 inches long, a line wide, dins : ofan inch long. Scales of the involucre small, cori rious margins. - Pappus m ceni unequal. gts dt: die Ligipunls lacerate- 4. L. lanceolata shrubby, sinerete pret b a ba ee leaves. $5 Oa edr-lan eolate, mucronate, 3-nerved, w hy snis cabrous margins ; heads 6-8- ; owe sed, in clusters, forming a compo ei ples dea Ka E b yd obtuse, or eei i d acute, ben imbricated in = å ries, the innermost glabrous, "nue Pa n: s: lobes of the on T [n] o Pagan the appendages pate ig y mer. ser. * gi s aa on ids tien) of the X CHER and of Lewis — - HA DRM ioc d shrub." Le Pies n inch long, 3-4 lines b t smaller than in the preceding. + & s Involucre 5-flowered, mostly shorter than the disk; the concave or = arinate scales oval or oblong-linear : eS fi the - Me ii b Qui longer than the linear flat stigmatic p ^ y 3 $i uii $: E ene DE) : F x S y - x: a e l 3 > w * bas E. d K i oe COMPOSITE. Linosyris. 5. L. graveolens: shrubby, very much branched; branches pulverolent A tomentose, whitish ; leaves very narrowly linear, 1-nerved, glabrous ; heads (large) Puta clustered ; scales of the involucre few, loosely a i ‘in about 3 se glabrous, carinate ; the aly wey short, ovate-oblong ; the innermost dde plaia linear; pappus -— fine capillary ; oie gla- a dracunculoides, Pure? x x " excl. char., which chiefly relates to pss tata. C. graveolens, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 136. Bi wia dra euneuloides, DC. prodr. 5 p- 329. Chrysothamnus dracuncu- abides. is n trans. Amer phil soc. l. c. p. 324. B. leav d the outermost scales of the inv jvolucre; as ; well as the branches, E 2 more or lend tomen peni ubescent.—C ny ocoma nauseosa, Pursh, l. c.? eee sig peri DC. * €. Chrysothamnus speciosus, Nutt. ! in mer. pi c. (exc B. On the denudated t sa of the Missed Platte, &c. Lewis! Mi pears and oci in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! Aug.—Shrub 9-5 feet h w a heavy fit the unpleasant, though somewhat aromatic odor; with pir aae virgate branches, like the common Broom. Flowers abund nt, brilli ads a ant . yellow. Nuit.—Heads narrow, nearly half an inch long. Corolla a little - al . « . longer than the, fine and scarcely s BA E unequal and copious pappus, "slightly dilated pwardi; the lobes Fons one-fifth the length of the undivided po Stamens inserted low down in the tube. Appenda ges of the style r-su ae ced than the ipie portion. Leaves. 2-3 inches + long, " about a line aes - L. TE caulis: stem ei" branches densely lanate-tomentose, white; . , leaves very narrowly linca HM nt (at length glabrous 1), * E ei es ; tube of the conia beset with very y on villous hair PW LAT speciosus f. hrala Nutt. l.¢ socoma bx, A Me upon which we should chiefl rel aa aoe uishing them ; viz. E n pm of the corolla. dene - > or gm ati act: ME Bea rolla glabrous.— Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. ora, 7 ^ f whi we have see no specimens. The heads are much smaller than in 4: * po A Pappus of firmer hairs, Nes. mama scabrous ; but the habit | aes ey the plan t nearly th e: à = H b- | = 5 7 Ten es, y a $ L3 a E "A humilis (Hook., under Crinitaria): branches sparsely and slightly : ae i gl arag any aap is left to distinguish it from Hooker's plant, ~- Leitierass. COMPOSITE. 235 - hirsute ; : leaves linear-lanceolate, denticulate-ciliate, mucronulate-acute ; ` heads axillary and terminal ; sog. " the glabrous involucre linear; the ex- . terior larger and foliaceous. "Hook. l ‘ Banks of the tee nnd —Plant 3-4 inches high, of - doubtful genus 5 - 42. AMMODIA. Nutt. in trans Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 321. “a . Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Scales of the "s E scarious-membranaceous, linear or lanceolate, l-nerv ed, imbric in few series; the innermost as long as the disk, the outermost short, A ad Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed. Branches of _ the style subulate-filiform, the appendages longer than the flat sex p tion. . Achenia oblong-linear, attenuate, fusiform, or somewhat compressed, hu `- pubescent. Pappus of copious minutely scabrous capillary bristles. —A. perennial branching somewhat hairy herb, with the habit and appearance of ula viscosa! exhaling a heavy odor. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, ~ veiny, sessile. Heads irregularly paniculate- corymbose : peduncles some- what glandular; the pale yellow flowers n- 2 bid in the copious whit s. bes pus. =7 * c C Ted o Aqu D Oregana (Nutt. ! 1. c.) E wi * On the sand. and gv bars of the Oregon and its tributaries, non e “gle idc il Xm —Stems a foot high, many from the sam F . large a Inula viscosa. Flowers all similar ; io canis ende dhay È “dilated upwards §-toothed. Anthers not caudate $43, MACRONEMA. Nutt. in fans: Amer. phil. soc. w ser.) 7. p. 922. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 6-8, ligulate, pistillate, or none; : those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre, few; loose, some- what in 2 ra Henr eques linear-lanceolate, l-nerved; the exterior . mostly with f g tips, commonly with one or more foliaceous `- bracts at the base Waking ‘the upper leaves. Receptacle flat, oe ; Corolla of the disk somewhat dilated above, 5-toothed. Branches. of tl style much exserted ; the appendages of the style (in the disk-flowe s) eloi ". gated, subulate, hirsute, much longer than the linear flat stigmatic portion. 3 i Achenia large, much compressed, when mature. longer than the pappus of. BE ao d viscidl "n. dnm E a ches terminated by solitary rather large heads. L ate, LI sessile. Flowers uem a §1. m. aed — € a^ c» k i E M. suffruti Nutt. ! x: d diei s oblong linear or lan solate, acut ome oe eee à ie I ja e involuer = des rS ; 9m 3 Pee ic à + e jc QM. 00 = : Nba ; ee * d $ E. uae the Blue “ae. d xy; 5 /—Stem 6-8 inches Jong, from a low w X base ed to the summit. ‘Leaves an inch o ru Ine: about 2 line: a large, with — 30 disk- flow ers and y8 pee os E g often the oan cie t stigmas with j aie al flore un ary the fodhaónts mens." Nutt. s* ferru oud pr a et eads ‘sos di unlike those of Dicteria in (Papp ror coronopi ifolia ree ty se r ubten r Fs a pper obse id iang nals coeds s, scari- e a us, not Pos A achenia : Rs Banks “tale tri Ae ah the Düsar Nuttall! ae i — pe oce about an inch long, 2-3 lincs wide. Hea | Kis ‘ E i T : à 2 x a 44. ERICAMERIA. Nate ot trans: Amer. Pau. soc. 4 ser.) 7. pe 318. Heads few-flowered ; the ray-flowers 3-6, ligulate, pistillate ; _ those of Pe à ¢ disk 7-9, tubular, perfect. F of the turbinate or cylindrical invo + i x BA imbricated, carinate-coneav e, chartaceous with scarious margins į. ` outermost short and subulate, fleshy, passing into the level Recep ide E - , small, alveolate. Corolla with a slender tube; that of the disk infundibuli-- E "m. the-summit, 5-toothed. Branches of the style. linear-subulate, "he © * 'hirsute acute appendages much longer than die stigmatic portion. Achenia ^ : linear, slender, terete, mostly glabrous. Pappus of copious | capillary. bris- a doy soul s similar-but unequal. —Dwarf and often a {natives of Oregon & © California), exceedingly branched and leafy, the . pect of Heaths. Leaves acerose or linear-subulate, crowded and füscicled | phe, at the a the branchlets. ” 2 M. be A E a 1. c.) zsomew 1 lutinousy + cape ae jm hrii $ scales of ime ias on T mele misso! IHE Nuttal lif &c.—Shrub G12. inches high at first S chereue pl sce ae le aves 3-5 lines lo rt ^ ui 2r (vui det rg dimus amenta utin nous; le cu rays a ie ud bh. , somewhat acids p eey s of Orego - ehed, n 2 cing, ‘brittle : s et, eaves e pious, in 2 se iE. De igid Teaves j: sabak: 'eiptinogs ; bas slender, co= subulate-linear, acute, about we ^o : ac > "a > T ExicAxEmA. " COMPOSIT E. T 237 i , " m WD the preceding ; the flowers larger and not perfectly yellow (ochro- . — . < leucous) ; the branches more cag and open; the leaves somewhat longer Pe a little b broader the rays often, s not al vica bilabiate, with 2 strap- shape ments oppose aito 2-toothed. «css Nuttall.—Pappus EO in Dalkoo sc series, s di capillary bristles neat all equal. * PA STENOTUS. N utt. in trans: Afer: ifa soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 334. x - Heads many- dakwa: the ray-flowers 8-12, ligulatk, rather distant, pistil- * dato those of the’ disk tubular; perfect.. Scales of the hemispherical involu- ' cre few, oblò vate or orbicular, 1-nerved, — (rarely coria- ceous) with scarious sies closely appressed and regularly imbricated in- 2-3 series. ‘Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed. Rays oval-or oblong. .Co-. gi of the disk idm towards the summit, deeply 5-toothed. Appendages » of the style broad and flat, withthe pubescent appendages various in form. Achenia oblong-turbinate, densely silky- -villous. Pappus of numerous soft á . unequal densely scabrous capillary bristles, commonly bright w white.—D warf (d "e -. suffrutescent plants of alpine aspect (natives of the Rocky Mountains, &e.), enéely cespitose, of a cinereous hue, or sometimes covered with a resinous —— as xudation, the fastigiate stems or scapes. numerous from the ligneous branch- ing Ede terminated by showy heads (large. for the size of die HE "euer or lanceolate,. Lo s rigid, — entire, uem S crowded. Flowers bright- yello : = t : ey * a * Se 4A group of ie vi well malisd. in a and doubtless gne distinct tm * e be "Aplo 4 - kd s $1. Poperiad stems or scapes emocdat ipto and naked, TE TVA * _ heads Š leaves cinereous : rays 10 t papm ue silky hairs € the ache- "n nia spaki white. ~~ "n a S. a ‘acaulis (ute l.c.) : leaves clustered at the ocius et did 13 ‘caudex. Mice anceolate, mueronate-acute, somewhat 2 pz e inue hispid- -sca s; sp nearly leafless ; scales of the near sae. ^ pt brou involucre bai. ora acute, chartaceous, with scarious m Sy gms, A seie in 2 series; rays short, often 2-clefi j^ _appendages of t le eaves scaly i Fock yog those of the a, T 1-2 ie h smaller, or none, e - pygmeus: v very d dwarf; s sspitlate obtuse, so: at 3-nerv D: liate; the radical as lông aia ee head brac- eate ; scales of. the Apes EA M s dip iate, rather linear. P t i Ig i.) u 41°, pr. Siete! Y Es — e): £d at th «E E ed eee e): Jait 3-nerved ; m a ve i. * | ais sk) Jv'x A s. * € e composita. i Sore sca E scales ‘of the involucre roundish-oval Ká 4. s. iona (Ns E R "E summit of the wi Mar S the sit sepsis cs tos d. P "rad. Phil. 7. pe a e es art ck y Meeks ins, towards the sources- oftl thie aT. As ! Nuttall! r p hs Hte nem LI mie. p Qa or ne e 80 ; ledes crowded a at wly lanceolate or line „acute, . iple or ae nching scapes 3-4; scales ot d the in iliate, imbricated 1aceous, erose-ciliat e-linear, minutely pub ae Ei d hai es & T & a E i. E, E. §2. d crowded. on the ioi $ branching AL nre often c covere with a résinous exudation: rays 19 Pappus. kag nt 4" of the achenia bright white. : i. um M mbra i m EM s denique guis gre branched te i branches naked an " marrow nea n. (T ha ‘aaa tithe inner as long as the disk; a s of tlie. X dy much shorter than thé li near. ppenieer rtion.—A plopappus ~“ 8, DC. ! prodr. 5. ^p. 247; ; Hook. | Amg yi bot Beech cyan i rnia Mode! bava. an indie. $ more fe Healey | diameter; the involucr re looser than in the wo "S à] fer : es ador short, branched, hairy ; leaves all [eA a i ire, glance m ads P ; , terminating. the podar * E gek n xs i "a p -Am. 2. Aes i ar n 2 yb Rapids of thé Te WE aul . » Doug - Snake County, Mr.. ver allied to A. i wut liu but with different The t [of accor any of th and t meds NET. y a tawny or ferruginous pappus in the ngest § RÀ e, «i ewhat ja al bng a e l ginous. » ese pies rice the f 'ibe'inv voluere Tar D Erigeron ? florifer, Hooks hoe “Ba leaves obo mm t i cm er ed g stems nu tose-cin sth nary EIOS | d "^ a4 Y "o Wa wm Ld | LO t p ‘ . RW * id 4 x. i i &^ j ETEA ae y~ SYTENOT ‘COMPOSITE. . age dis A des on Patéid.. declivity afe Rocky Mo Motai ins, Nuttall! /—Stems. x5 inches long, a litt tieslepeet r than the tufted. leaves, the latter 1-9 d v .wide. Pa = us scanty, of AMA: 2 series of y ee. bristles, speret m CAE corolla. ` j wA. Les 3 HT u b i * >. " T d. JSOPAPPUS; x m ERO om ‘tends several- -flowered ; the ——À 5-12, ligulate, vung: those of e ES “the disk isk 10-20, tubular, perfect. ku d of the eylindrical- rq in- i "em voluere lanceolate ub 4 3 series, , appresse " * small, alveolate, the em nearly Gui». “Corolla ” Oe o. disk dd s 3 “dilated - upwards, 5-toot hed. Appendages. of. the style subulate, hirsute,- much longer than the stigmatic ee Achenia a linear-oblong, terete, at- * S us at the base, silky-villou Pappus a single series of. capillary s sca- e . brous entirely similar and diy equal bristles.— —Hirsuté and loose y paniculate-branched Diennial | herbs, with small heads on slender a ^ les. Leaves alternate, c. rowded, sessile, lanceolate, 1- zneryed and some- ý (Coating ker. uno. cien often sparingly serrate. k $E x apa $4 1 RE di ivaricatus : godere and Uis € y-hispid ; ranche cy pelitacles slender, divaricate-spreading ; leaves rigid, cec o Mn MS or ae ot and remotely serrate _taperi ’ ^ nvolucre [inene subula P .. flowers 7- » rysopsi ca utl. 2 2S i , EU. ! ! sk. e ens. op TAD Nutt. ! pd a Amer als. iplo rysopsis) divari i - Mam Set dab eon DC. prodr. 5. p. 317, _ as two sped. b 2. Nut G «cl. syn. vapa roga relate to ^ ea pea scabra), & Pluk. alm., which: proba ly feptesehits "Chysopss * W Nx F^. ariana; pry san neat d fields, Georgia! to is Dess and No ies t deem ld E ct E 1-5 feet high, some old, dice els "i us, d Ne that T true pee: w, the im dius but in a e MB le s nder, entirely ud v. e An of equal esed a ve ey r- few Pe of less hofter—On thee liar [ns bit, Mr . plant, cud be pe of se ing plan ^.$ which, ho &c. TU the = » and h ro ; Em b le, no ot g bl 2 josie ringed i wi b stles nua 44" _ petiole, sp osm, late vol fri pen onülate, near! Fr te sede e^ e abri M : 2) t^ d. : in es E '. rus uU oF d Te pa t ga * - + * L4 : 1 id MD ys . .COMPOSITA. Isoparrus. 1 "e * * W US otn Je in. specimens. we have examined are in the herbarium of Sir m. H Q* 47. "APLOPAPPUS. Cass.; DC. prodr. 5. p. 345, excl. spec. - ` s i: y ii many- flowered ; ; the ray-flowers numerous, ligulate, puuliste, E E sometimes wanting; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Seales of the — - lucre lanceolate or linear, imbricated. Receptacle flat, foveolate, or alveo- F "1 late and somewhat fimbrillate. Achenia silky, somewhat terete, oblong or x * = .turbinate. Pappus of copious unequal and more or less rigid scabrous bris- tles.—Mostly perennial herbs or suffruticose plants (chiefly natives of the Andes and the Pacific coast of America); with alternate reu MEE or. # . so agi leaves. Heads ss or somewhat E: ^ yellow " "Ec Wi e no species which aes -— with the Chilian Euaplopappi. Some [ + , of the Aplodisci are most n allie them, except that they have no rays; but ~ the presence or absence of se^ es r be of minor consequence when the capi- a tula are homochromoys Perhaps Pyrrocoma and Priono ops is hardly deserve rank of genera, but it is more convenient to separate them * ‘i ^ $ 1. Scales of the hemispherical or campanulate | Prvoliaere. linear lanteolate : a ` achenia obovoid-oblong or turbinate, silky-villous : pappus of copious and * * Rs Very unequal but neari capillary bristles: perennial or sufrutescent:, "T ~ 7 leaves pinnately lobed or incised ; the lobes or tighi pointed ws bristles.— * P " Brrrnanopox, DC. (excl. no. 9.) : : t y eh LTA rubiginosus : suffruticose ? branching from the bae viscidly pubes- d prin and gospel ea Pecan: x e or na TOW y oblong, mostly narrowed T sessile, Wer fca the divaricate teeth i produced ilito pel- = Juci ristles ; SEND: ose, lists or A Mes terminating the iy p * S, ofte bracteate ; = s Ee jnvoluere linear, acute, viseidl aril in abou ries, | : E bo rect or ibd orobo WM 4 CN po bs, 1 aiat "Hed ads wd vete than in Chrysopsis Mariana, 2 ` on short „stout cles. © Rays 15-18, elón | style oblo j ; henia silky-canes escent. istles of the pappus in about 3 series ol ia * Bh ied ‘apparently t t p bhyllocephalus, DC., of Mexico. 4, aa 2. A. spinulosus (DC.): hérbaceous; canescent bes a soft rninutgwoolly * pubescence, or at length almost abrous ; stems many fr the same root, I ll) r K^ eia TN fnear-subulate, the numerous = ny | orter i he yee LT scutes Sublat-iaoeoaty m t ulate, — i kx se Y Bi ipei: canescent; a a turbin bac y unequal,— DC. i. c Amellas?. a s india = Ael descr. does not perfectly aceord) ; Torr! i Pr Starkea anna, Nutt ] m A 2 92. the Rocky i - bu ApLOPAPPUS. COMPOSITAE. | - y feet high. Leaves an inch or more in length. Heads small. Rays s 90-30. Corolle of the disk with very short teeth. Style nearly as in the preceding, but the appendages as long as Pe "rae portion. Pappus short, rather rigid, very puequal, in about 3 se . E s $ 2. Scales of the hentapherizal involucre lanceolate, more or les imbricated : A achenia oblong or turbinate, villous : pappus of unequal and strongly scabrous “but almost capillary bristles: stems low, scape-like, from a fusiform caudex, ^ bearing solitary or few rather large heads : leaves chiefly radical, petioled, ceolate, mostly with cartilaginous or spinulose teeth.—ARNICELLA. ği . * Scales of the involucre —— chartaceous, unequal, imbricated i in 3 series: ` pappus shorter than the corolla of the . A. lanceolatus: stem «and petioles at first Esg at gon, ubt 4 Boos leaves coriaceous; the radical and lowest cauline lanceolate, ^ DE Eri spinulose-toothed, Lee the upper small an DUE s ie $ lanceplate, partly olan ng; heads 2-5; achenia silky.— E pi. k . Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25. Homopappus deese multidoras, “A Nutt.: 1 in trans. Am y Saskatchawan, Brinnon? TUM A ex east and west of. ihe Rocky T ^». Mountains in bout la 41°, Nuttall ! Plant from 6 to 24 inches high. Ap-w ^ ^ c pendages of yis ‘la e. about the lengli the stigmatic portion. aoe 20 to 25, pistillate, and to all appearance fertile. TS * Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, nearly equal, poe " e id $% " Y t mns: PEPE Sart very opinis, as long as the corolla of the disk. E d uniflorus woolly when young, ; at length abend leave ngi, de radical Fane eg acute, sparingly and coarsely spinulo se-toot - or some of them entire, petioled ; the cauline linear-lanceolate, partly élasp- mg; heads Ne ai etiary itivelucre at length nearly veto 'achenia - silly-villous.— Donia uniflora, Hook. ! fl. Bors- Am. 9. $: 25, t. 124. Homo- Cn (e ae uniflorus, Nut "Te a oes f the e Saskatchawan and oon ath of the niky eis ss mon es high, from at x da caudex en = " style. snes R ays 25-30, fert s : e é 9. A. i inuloides : entose-woolly thro sible: the pubescence moat ne . persistent ; leaves (ite c acute, entire, or sp mec a ul pe the radical tapering to the base but nearl ions uc ucre ve Woo ly; achenia ren omo; pet inu- Á soc. zd Mou eras -of the Rocky ountains ards Platte, Nuttall |—Plant 3-4 inches to a foot high. ins "Nu | » pen "the style lanceolate e-subulate. The rays are eR ay app p. ci d e precedin, a nd i a rently fertile. The species is "S. ed allied to ps » Bapt not distinct diem khi 9 Lg yi * $ us: caudex thick, branched ; radical leaves say sp «4 E entire, somewhat petioled, a out 3-nery: AN ding seapiform stems} T ssim ia. A ina ¢ ae COMPOSITE. APLOPAPPUS. On Mount pei Oregon ! collected either by igi or Mr. Tolmie ; _the specimen mmunicated by Sir Wm. Hooker.—Stem or scape 3- 3-4 inches high, belting or 4 small leaves below thisrnidate, tomentose pubescent neat the summit. Radi cal. leaves 1-3 inches long, apparently rather fleshy. Heads nearly as large as in A. uniflorus, to which it is F maniel allied ; from which we infer the ray (twice the length of the involucre) to have been er which is oe from the specimen appus whitish, -—€—— 1 Achenia at first villous-pubescent, ‘the hairs deciduous. Appe es, of the style dlntizated- -subulate, much longer than the stigmatic pag § 3. Rays wanting.—APropiscus, DC. * C T sie, as long as the disk; the scales regularly imbricated in 4-5 series, heri db Vise marrow scarious margins, slig ohdlh ly herbaceous and spreading tips: it, the t g (Aplo odiscus gw, Isocoma, Nutt.) 7.. A. Menziesii: stem suffruticose ; the branches d simple, som: "m what pubescent; hea s in terminal corymbose clusters ; ves s alaisen or linear-spatulat x Californ ‘Com 5 x Nuttall! A bril-May. Phat 1-9 feet high. LS "iow. as ged as the disk: corolla not e: at the summit. A5 d nous; He ee branched; heads this jo r spicate at the sum- ` uc = . a ose PA YE dig ucrona d lg eading "t e E ig ( pug nin. "Capt: Beechey, Foaia | &c. Pig a Gah de Habit of some | er od Baccharis. Leaves of the "branches an inch long. He Awo- E thirds of inch’ in length. iraa narrow. E " E Ri ^ Incolucre hemispherical, as long as the dis; the scales lanceolate, mb icaied d in sd about 3 series appressed : corolla longer than the very unequal ; pappus "o dilated at Ex ĉĉ“ summit, ‘Sone ue cos b. Meu $ a E | 9. 54. Nuttallii :: > cinereous-tom entose, dwarf ; stems numerous TT D — Woody or caude ex, leafy, bearing several somewhat corymbose small) ineifo ate-toothed, the teeth ending in s in the. oa range, Oregon, Nuttal Pl ant | h, with the habi peers nuine Apl pappus-- TR. ‘> 54. E x P mg x * EX i TN, a € IU Tnvolucre elongated obconical ; the oblong-linear scales regularly imbricated in mu-. merous series on the slender cylindrical rachis, with herbaceous squarrose tips, the in- ook. & Arn.): slightly pae somewhat resinous . c -oblong, sessile, serr old somewhat glabrous; appendages of the eyi oblong-lan-. nia si y: Rs um vinum. t.! im od r - * L2 à Ld we xe i wee * - : f BS PyYRRocoma. . COMPOSIT/E. ; O g 48. PYRROCOMA. Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 306, t. 107. Sect, Eupyrrocoma § Bracteose, Dc. —Homopappus (partly) £ Pyrrocoma, Nutt. — Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, but sometimes infertile or inconspicuous; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the hemispherical or campanulate involucre rigid, somewhat foliaceous, nerve- less, oblong, with more or less squarrose or herbaceous tips. Receptacle flat, ý . alveolate-toothed. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, slightly dilated upwards, with short erect teeth. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers subulate- linear, elongated, the hispid appendages much longer than the stigmatic por- tion; those of the ray often unequal or one of them abortive » glabrous. s Achenia linear, elongated, somewhat 3-angled and striate, glabrous, rarely hairy. Pappus (reddish-brown or fulvous) of copious and uni lender rigid bristles, usually longer than the corolla of the disk, vcpsidi gi Pee . nial rigid herbs (natives of Oregon), with simple stems; the sho wy per - terminal or in the axils of the Beni leaves, often sessile. I : alternate, lanceolate or oblong, sessile, 1 1-nerved, reticulate-veined, , obscurely | pel Pepu, sharply serrate or entire. Flowers TONS cut * Tie blond, very large and. broad, with foliaceous bracts; the rays slender, - - » . concealed in the pappus or -— (the margins ingalae in dried speci- c mens), infertile.—EvPvRRoco T a 1. P.carthamoides (Hook.! 1. €.): stem (and young leaves). ples iiit ed by a single bracteate head; leaves oblong- es — nate-acuminate, s ringl Mop: ; the low t tapering i slender petioles; bracts similar to the uppermost leaves, as in as the t ohar; corolla of the ray and disk shorter than the gappi emp 4 Vaso Ore egon, AVE the ‘interior 1) Do oug Ads one rather stout, a font t rico lu- * high.. Head more than an inch in 1 diameter; the proper scales of the in : cre oblong, i ^re á eries, srs than the disk.—'T'he clos á blance of this plant to the following: idiate species induced us to — te attentively ; and that the head is a has osed ; but there is an outer series of rays, which are so conc T | pappus s'as s readily to escape observation. One of the branches of the = à T le in these me 7 ssed or abortiv the other is stigmatose, but g P tet fe MV dte not improbable Je that the ays wl be Ag od e bea arently infertile.—It is not is found pne a little exserted. | » 3. . radiata (N ): very rous; | eaves s shitig Ta clasp- - É. i iim " mr obovate-oblong, entire 5 te : v - ing; the radical (peticled) get lower c upper ceca or oblong, sparingly s Wc and somewhat gary r 2 inc lenta! > Bertol much like Ome of Liat ve, and v rem imbricated in 5 us qe à "a Soc du = 4: rat a X ii ; ay k ih: & É. 244 à “COMPOSITE. PrasocótrA: [reme more x = er -e — T eds: than the disk. Rays very n rigid, exserted, but inconspicuous, Achenia fully a third un inch oie pra the Toni o the ri id ex We ing pappus ; the bristles _of which are barbellate-sca abrous (more so o tha the pre ending. some o of them very obscurely thickened towards the apex.— The rior cov of t fruit, or calyx-tube, as in the whole paan is ab apes ‘fons the ovary. Pee § 9. Heads smaller and fewer-flowered : the involucre scarcely bracteate ; the rays manifest, and usually fertile—Homorarpvs, Nutt. (excl. spec.) * Heads hemispherical: involucre imbricated i in 3 series, shorter than the disk: achenia -— hirsute. - P. racemosa: stem glabrous, bearing several (2-7) racemose heads ae summit; the peduncles and the ovate-oblong scales of the bees pubescent ; s glabrous, lanceolate slightly spinulose-serrate; the up acute, oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping; the lower he base, h tioled ; corolla of the disk shorter than the pappus.—Homopap- pus (Myrianthus) race S, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l 332 Plains of the Wahlamet, Nuttall !—Plant 12-18 inches high y yrrocoma ; but the heads reduced in size (les an inch in diameter) ; the involucre of fewer scales, and not subtended by leafy bracts; the rays (15-20) rather conspicuous and fertile ; and the achenia hairy. * * Heads obovoid, sessile and = clustered: involucre as long as the disk; the scales linear-oblong, with short distinct herbaceous tips, imbricated in several. serie. glabrous. (Intermediate ss ie Pyrrocoma and Aplopappus.) -< F. icit * glabrous; nim branched. at t the summit; the hea e^ rec leaf ; es of the re ts ie obtuse, mucronate ; rays slender; young ‘pane slight ly Segak — "te pinoi dicen cblo sime lanceolate, mucronate, obscurely and T pe ly serrulate; the cauline partly a Plains of t nea alla-w a in wet pas Nuttall !—Plant a foot high; the leaves (enti like a genuin Pyrrocoma) and involucres, as also in oe "ui owing PN an Tpke covered earl resinous ex n half an ong ; the r EN fertile. o i 5. P. arguta: gla abre rous; eae axillary and terminal, clustered, of the involucre lanceo late, acute; rays 10-12; leaves paar a, " $3 ceolate, ei lg acuminate, Sharply serrate, the cauline partly clasping. . * Pl i E Ad tem argutus, Nutt. ! l. E i ains the Oregon, with the ing, Rep: as similar to t a according to uen: it : an” more c rmn mble ie" ing, ing Bem The ray poe ae inka we have examined = g y neu ‘tee pad s "i hei lave spain rl dns 34 “ihe p partly clas, with t preceding, N of dii involucre ange ng, è * Prroxorsis. COMPOSITE. — . 245 € P fa ` , S My eama N Oniy d 49. PRIONOPSIS. Nuit. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 329. Heads broadly hemispherical, many-flowered ; the rays numerous (in a single series), ligulate, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect, but more or less infertile. vs of the ee. very numerous, us m date, somewhet un ,the or spp and foli broad and flat, un elas: orolla of the disk dighay M up- wards, 5-toothed. Appendages of the e in the disk-flowers lanceolate- oblong, obtuse, rather short. Achenia short, very glabrous, somewhat striate, turgid; in the ray oval; in the disk cylindrical-oblong, or the infertile oblong- linear. Pappus deciduous, composed of copious and very unequal rigid scabrous bristles ; the inner series (5-10) setose and stronger than the others, longer than the corolla (of the redd and much longer than the achenia; the others successively shorter and more slender.—Stout biennial plants, with the aspect and spinulose-toothed Maa of Grindelia. Heads large and showy : flowers yellow. The short and very smooth achenia, and the payi Pe p form the chief, if plo not the only distinctions between this genus and t I der tn Meme with the South American species to ju to e zm e TR ves - P. ciliata (Nutt. 2i ulis stem gun ample or sparingly Scie boe apical very obtuse, partly clasping, somewhat veiny, closely an ds wap mme toothed, the teeth " pointed at bristles.—Donia ciliata, Nutt. ! our. acad. Philad. 2 »* TE e J^ 1M 445 1? Aplopappus (Leiachenium) c ciliatus, DC. ! pro € 5. p. 3 v P pA] À Thanias; on t ial banks 26 Great Salt River, Nu Texas, a Drummond! vbi ar ta about 3 feet high. Involucre an inch in f* diameter, semalélis t jt cwn Pappus of the ray Vases shorter than in the a disk, often d eciduous in a ring. Inner bristles of the pappus terete, attenu- - ^ ate from the base to the middle, and thence obscurely thickened upwards; the outermost very slender and scarcely memi the agra: the others intermediate i in size & ur à i -P.? Cha apmanii : stems simple, MH hirsute-pubescent ; Vos erect, A lin s, narrowly pagt or linear, glabrous, p E tly acute, seta- gany trate; the radical ones elongated the ‘upperm ost short, some- /— i ood scales of the invol ucre Masoeoln ate, vidt acute or cus- el s elongated. wampe in pike burone Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! "June-July — 1-2 feet righ; bearin tee Siehe. e cringe ‘li snap nici d i , sometimes ps an oe in diameters the DE ds er r er yet the disk f flat, slightly alveolate pi fimbrillate. Rays 0, nar- Appia os the yle i disk-flowers narrowly la than cHenia coor) won paid d, i irs as in the precedin t the bristles $ Se hans nou he 3 nia, and are not entirely sure , that ds * the rays are yellow P ES * 21 i " E : Y $ & = à ia : Ld hi i * , COMPOSITE. Prionopsis. 2 i fee E yer C 4.5 : 50. M Heads many-flowered ; the ray:flowers: about 20, ligulate, vistflanss those “of the disk tubular, perfect. lnvolucre subglobose ; the scales (few) closely imbricated in 2-3 series, appre essed, coriaceous at the base, the upper herba- ceous portion lilated r ombic-ovate, cuspidate or mucronate ; the inner with scarious margins. Receptacle flat, strongly fimbrilliferous; the subulate fimbrille nearly the length of the achenia. Corolla of the disk somewhat dilated above, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style (in the disk-flowers) subulate-filiform, hispid, 3-4 times the length of the linear-oblong flat stig- matic portion. Achenia short, obovoid-turbinate, obscurely 4-sided, minute- ly appressed-pubescent. Pappus persistent, spreading when old, composed of 10 subulate- filiform rigid bristles, which are flattened and dilated towards the base, minutely scabrous above, longer than the corolla (of the disk) and twice the length of the achenia, 10 similar but smaller ones nearly one-half © shorter, and usually about 5 still smaller and exterior.—An annual or bien- nial glabrous herb ; the stem and fastigiate branclies slender, rather thickly “clothed with linear-lanceolate 1-nerved cuspidate-acute alternate leaves with scabrous margins, and terminated by solitary small heads. Flowers appa- rently light yee. 21 ae * C. Drummondii. i: ; Texas, Drummond! Dr. Riddell !— Plant 20-30 inches high; the virgate = a minutely s ges us. Leaves erect, pale, about an inch long, sessile, the lower sometim : sli ightly serrate. Heads half an inch in diameter; the ra: ved -itatdautonldse, elon — e of the receptacle white, chaffy, united only at the base, setaceous, not unlike the pappus. Achenia. . ^ about a vag gos : mme ong, all fertile, bot d those of the ray often larger than ¥ the maturing earlier; the setiform-sub buisse pap- i spreading in fruit. Heads in appearance not unlike so e spegies «t Centaure a TA > 51. GRINDELIA. Wild. mag. nat. Berl. 1807, p. 261; le mem. mus. Par. 5. p. 48; DC. prodr. 5. p. S n Donia, R. Br. (1813)—Demetria, Lagasca, (1814) Er. em Heads manj-flowered ; the ray-flowers. eme pistillate, in a single se- . . SET. oes (or very rarely Mene : those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre. - hemispherical or sub ; the scales "n. SPET and imbricated in several- e series. Receptacle p Corolla of the ray antec th of the disk _ a te, the hairy appendages acute, as lo long as the stigmatic tt Achei 'ob- at ~ oval, somewhat angled, glabrous. Pappus of few (2-8) rigìd or cor- 3 sqm iT * . GRINDELIA. COMPOSITE.” — m 247 Heads solitary at the extremity of the branches; the involucre, and often the branchlets, as well as the (yellow) corolla, &c.c overed with a glutinous var- nish, particularly when young. Disk-flowers sometimes infertile. H I Bc ice (Nutt.) : herbaceous Yo agnus - tennes entire (the lower pw cun iiis or the d mucronate-acute, partly clas somewhat fleshy, pellucid- oett: 5t paniculate ; heads ? (rather veg leafy at she base ; cales of the which with li — ^k recurved- a appe ges; pappus of 5 or ort and stout nearly te- — — etc bristles.—JNutt. trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Gk spe peirar i fol. sub- integ. Beads anette ib ok. & Arn i: bot. Beechey, p. 147. California, at St. Barbara, Nuttall !—Mr..Nu pet obtained only imperfect specimens s, and thinks the plant may perhaps be only a variety of G. gluti- nosa. The thick awns of the PORE are considerably shorter than the =- corolla, and not at all angled or bubo * 2. G. inuloides (Willd.): stem vp at the base, branching and & pubescent or hirsute-pubescent above; cauline leaves ovate- -oblong, rather |. glabrous, broader and cordate at the xs naii hein obtuse or rather acute, evenly serrate-toothed ; emi of the involucre glabrous, vdd into . linear-subulate spreading or recurved appe endages ; bristles of the pappus -3.— Willd. l. c. p. 961; Sablon 2 » p. 894 ; Dunal! l. e. t. 15; Bot. rege p t. 248; DC. diode: gp. 315; Ho dii bot. mag. t3737. e pubescens, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.7. p. 74. G. spathu ulata, Link, enum., ex Aster Vw nne Hort. Madr. ! E Dens uda spathulata, tikai clench. "hort. Madr. (1814) p: 20. iuo a, Per T - br anches, leaves, and inv ucre; 'glandular-haity- Hook. fl. Bor.--Am. under Doni Waves ovate- oblong or E ai ee the upper p e tse mostly PE with glands; achen of th : often s —G. mi ` rocephala, DC. l. c.? (which is x ta iive e a pappus of 4 ewe es.) ¢ - Texas; Belandier t Drummond! ] (a. & y-) Akane: M u! p. Beacons C» of the Wahlamet, Douglas, ex Hook. Aug.-Oct.—Sent many years ago. i i Siva from Mexic to the Botanic Garden of Madrid ; ae hnconmnoe in ation. * k E G. Menai (Hook. & rn.) : stem herbaceous, glabrous below, hrig ^ towards the su mit; cauline ae post and partly e a oblong, ob- . tuse, sharply patriotic, the younger Bbesgetia ener scales of the in- volucre glutinous, appressed ; the exterior tor jarrose 5 bristles of thé f dau 2-3.— Hook. & Arn. Z bot. Beech zd p- 147, & suppl. s . MEDI: T 7. (manti iss.) p.278. G. rubrica d 5 dh 5. p. 316. California, Capt. Beechey, Douglas !—Stem arid p^. nearly simple Moe purplish. Leaves rigid, 1-3 inches ot narrowly oblong, the lower oblong-spatulate, reticulafe-puneta few o sro 4. G. robusta soak ape ser glabrous? s stem. “herbaceous ; leaves es oblong, ordate- ing ; - Very obtuse, coarsely serrate, involucre leafy dni E, the’ scales ia into ros ved-sq subul: sente ; : i i 2 (or m ro Tybid Ni. r p Agins- puc s (n. ser.) Ert Ts 14. 4 * T St. Ped ro, Calitril Nuttall! April.— A yery sto t and robust st species, ` * about 1 18 inches high, S. cde biennial. Leaves about an inch broad, one “and half f fio 2 inches s] long eads very large, more than twice the Mager _ those of G. squarrosa, w which this. species much resembles; but the leaves are broadest at d the base. Nutt. P ml E G. squarrosa (Dunal): herbaceous or nearly so dabross em coryne Di 9" "H de + aoe ee ue 3 "es EI I & a * D | . COMPOSIT X. | ger or. bose nched ; t ps clon E mass! piene clasping iagcales s of the gluti- nvolucre with recurved-squarrose or mostly circinate subulate pe Dun al, js 5 bristles of the pa s 2-4.— e. p. 50; arg appt. ‘hp “journ. ed. 2 1 j 2 Doni 163; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25. Aurelia oe Cass., ex Dry plains, om Sa Upper Missouri! tothe Rocky Mountains! and north to Saskatchawan tending, according to PERE into the woody coun- try between a a A 64°. July-Oct.—Plants 10-20 inches high. Leaves of a pale gla s hue, small. Heads n pow small; the involucre not m half a an rinchi in diameter in the wild plant. . G. lanceolata (Nutt.) : werk; iens dis fastigiately and vir- gudly branched; leaves lanceolate e, acute, closely sessile, coarsely spinulose- rrate or incisely toothed; scales of t stevoltlere wih subulate- filiform n "ree es, early equal in Mete the exterior loose; pappus ostly of 2 bristles.— Nutt. !. in jour. aca ad. Philad. 3 7. p. 73. ane leaves ias yim y spinulose-serrulate, or the upper y.? leaves short, oblong-lanceolate, partly fede Sine -serrülate 5 scales of the ose n with T: appendag es, more E dete appressed. Plains of WV estore Arkansas! Louisiana! and Texas! y & 8. Nuttall! . Pitcher! Dr. Le Pip 9 Drummond !) 1 Tex mond ! Sept—Plant 1-3 feet high ; son larger coe than the preceding "very glu- tinous; the elongated appendages of the involueral sc recurved and diee; but acti die: or refl di when "we chui pale, rigid ; the lower ME as qose. or e times almost pinna atifid, 2-3 inches long. var. 7. G. integrifolia ie: : stem herbaceous, with a few scattered hairs to- wards the summit; leaves puberulent or nea brous margins; the upper ones RIRU, bie broadest t the partly clasp- ing base ; the lower somewhat spatulate- Mini is hoe often ‘slightly e;, scales e glutinous involucre uced into slender subulate-fili- “DC! e form spreading ap ‘appendages; bristles of da páppus filbsily 2. . 31 a glutin ook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25, (excl. ‘syn-) . virgata : dee more e slender met eee branched: leaves narrowl e; he maller.—G. v in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c- EE bonoi, Dr. Sekri. irwan Niittolt -®© Stem 3-4 feet high ; Ehe branches and upper leaves as well as the involucre and corolla, &c-, mo or less glutinous. The leaves rather thi in. Heads about as En as in in G. squarrosa, or in var.a. larger; tl i 8. G. stricta (DC.) : stem hU chains E , Somewhat ERR glabrous it the base, sparingly hairy at the “summit; ca uline leaves much attenuate entire at the base ; the summit oblon ng. acuminate, did. ; pa Sof e -involucre erect, linear, acuminate. EC LUE (rmm )7. p ulgrave, on the North t Coast, Henke, fide "De Candolle.— cannot be confident as to the habitat ~ The character lis, except the somewhat hairy ‘steiu-and erect seales NS involucre: - G. humilis (Hook. & Arn.): diffusely haer ni from the base, dw OU in abrous; gi at * I lower semi with a heads small; arf, iple ; leaves resin ous-dotted, linear- long at- LI [2 E E t COMPOSITE. E a. vitis n entire or nearly so.—G. nana f. integrifolia, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c B. leaves spinulosé-toothed. —G. nana, Nuti./ l.c California, Capt. Beechey. Oregon near Fort Vancouver, Nuttall! = Stems 5-8 inchés high, ne from a perennial? root. HR hs nearly asin G. squarrosa. Pays ab 0. G. san eis aul herbaceous, pea eae peer stems several from the — SS fastigiately branched; leave Pati te Mir da oW essile, somewhat si e -serrulate above; heads mall; Sae of the fuvolucme with dort subulate squ&riose recieved appen- dages; $ eiue 2 bristles ; rays none.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. a of the Oregon, Nuttall !—-Heads rather smaller than in G. squarrosa, pe ing the slender stems. (a foot high) or branches. Leaves 2-3 lines 52. PENTACHETA. Nuit. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 336. Heads many-floweréd; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, numerous, in a single se- ries (in 2-3 series, Nutt. ): “those of the disk tubular, perfect and fertile. In^ voluere hemispherical; the scales lanceolate, m mucro hu rr a mem- branaceous, with broad scarious margins, loosely appressed and im in 2-3 series. ‘Receptacle convex, naked, areolate. Corolla of e ray ob- » long; ; of the disk tubular-infundibuliform, slightly incurved (the proper tube very short), unequally 5-cleft at the summit, the sinuses of the exterior lobe deepest; the lobes ede, lira. Anthers (naked at the base) tipped at the apex with a appendage. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers linear, . gars vee exserted beyond the tube, stigmatose to the ‘summit ; of the disk consisting of a very short and flat stig- matic portion, 4érminated by a long subulate-filiform strongly barbellate- t hispid appendage. : Achenia oblong, hirsute, obscurely 5-angular. Pappus of the ray and disk ‘Similar, consisting of 5 gee rigid scabrous bristles — slightly dilated (and obscurely connected ?) at the base, persistent.—A. small and slender much branched an ; the branches terminated by solitary heads. Leaves alternate, ‘numerous, sessile, epee: involute when dry, and like the &tém pé qu with Saied wilh us hairs, otherwise gla- brous. Flowers. golden. ye S P. aurea (Nutt! 1.6.) o see DA Leu $£/ " use euni ee ms de ril. M. m 250 COMPOSITE. PENTACHETA. ` certainly that of Asteroidez, although the appendages are unusually narrow and prolonged. — P Subdiv. 4. HETEROTHECE®, DC.—Rays ina single series. Pappus of the disk and ray dissimilar. e 53. BRADBURIA. Torr. & Gray; not of Raf. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a sin- gle series; those of the disk perfect but infertile. Involucre hemispherical- nulate; the scales gei wn qat mucronate, membranaceous, shining, with broad scariou eran imbricated in 3 or 4 series, appressed. Receptacle flat, areolate, iid naked. Corolla of the ray linear, twice the length of the involucre ; of the dat tubular, slender, 5- toothed, about the length of the involucre. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers included in the tube of the corolla, narrowly linear, glabrous, stigmatose to the summit ș in the disk filiform, elongated, barbellate throughout. Achenia of the ray short, triangular, turgid, villous; of the disk very short, villous, rudimentary, Pappus of the ray double; the exterior of few unequal short squamellate bristles; the interior of numerous rather rigid barbellate-scabrous capillary bristles, somewhat longer than the achenium: pappus of the disk of 2 awn- like bristles, nearly the length of the corolla, somewhat dilated and chaffy towards the base.—AÀn annual herb, sparsely hispid with rigid spreading airs, and giandular-scabrous, with numerous slender and Ege branches. Leaves linear, very narrow, short, entire, involute when dry; the uppermost setaceous. Heads nce d terminating the spe a a Flowers DPT yellow. B. hirtella. Texas, Drummond !—Stem about 2 feet high, somewhat corymbosely branched. Leaves rather rigid, numerous, the lower ones about an inch long, — sparsely hispid, like the e stem, with long bristly hairs arising from — wen hat dilated | ws and minutely glandular-scabrous. Heads pedunc as large as in Chrysopsis ifolia. Involucre at length oer s d scales nearly glabrous, M semarkabl membranaceous, l-nerved. Ray.-flow bout 12; the achenia slightly obovate, 3-sided, rather ne i Pappus ‘of ‘thé di ARN of at rely one) bristles or awns resemb I| rage um conyzoides: in one of them the chaffy if it ae base is ibi v ing.—We are not sure that de ray is yellow : prove otherwise, the plat pem beds to De Candolle’s division Astereæ to F a amal of his travels in America during contained a great deal of interesting D A the bota- i country.” (Short, on Western ern Botany his work we ES E. HETEROTHECA. COMPOSITÆ. m 251 i ta # 54. HETEROTHECA. Cass. bull. philom. 1817, & dict. 91. p. 130 ; DC. " Calycium, E//.—Diplocoma, Don. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single ‘series ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, ap- ceptacle alveolate, fimbrillate. Corolla of the ray with a slender Meo and an oblong or linear ligule; of the disk slender, somewhat dilated at the throat, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style in the disk-flowers lanceolate, acute, or rarely triangular and obtuse, hispid. Achenia of the ray (some- times glabrous) oval, mostly triangular, destitute of pappus; of the disk ob- ovate or cuneiform, compressed, hairy, with a double pappus; the exterior of very short s squamellate or somewhat chaffy bristles; the interior of num- erous capillary scabrous bristles mostly in a single series.—Perennial? (N. erican and Mexican) strigose or hirsute es paniculately branched. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate, sometimes sprinkled wit resinous dots; the lower petioled and often farnished with a dilated auricu- ‘late or stipuliform base. Heads in terminal (and often also in smaller axil- lary) corymbose panicles. Flowers yellow. Pappus — reddish " 3 brownish. : xs F 1 H. scabra (DC.): stem hispid and apie the beet sape e leaves ti veiny, Sac? serrate; th serons bs sessile or partly clasping ; the lower oval, nies. gag ally ae omei, obtuse or subcordate at t the base, petioled ; the étions dilated at the base into a roundish foliaceous vade a lamina resembling ver stipes heads in a loose spreading or divar orymbose panicle; mewhat _ pu and glan ndular, Vict din the pappus; rays oblong-linear; ache- nia of the ra labrous; of the disk silky-villous; inner pappu ST. kh: bij | ina sind series; the exterior "od eode am setaceons lit prodr. 5. p. uH . Lam l. p. 131 deser.); DC.! c. (excl. char. & md p we ioe: eubaxillaris, i Inula sax ae uid 3. p. 959, ex spec. in herb. Desf. (fide Cass. I. scabra, P Ha PA E e Mul. cat. ur us " Nutt. gen. - Hil. ng E^ a. Bau Ls ; achenia. of the ra dis ng, crowned wi di m ir] AE E: i % ety As RD lina. whic ch we bavét p MS ps esent the ** marginal cup" crowning by at achenia, as describe ‘by Enine z MES his propa generic name alludes and this disk p um isk is un ly n lete or very inconspicu s in our ; im the Western sens 1 rckii of De Candolle, asto _ the plant in his herbarium, we believe to be a state of the i ray-flowers as EC (a pape, hav ; st bar is by) sperms Be appropriate, excep Er m "i &. ^ ue * y ar a le E "D Uo ^ * è a d 252 COMPOSITÆ. HrrrROTHECA. state of the plant, or when the corymb has been injured, in which case it often produces short axillary flower-branches nr grandiflora (Nutt.: very villous, oso and viscid above; Sen wi dirus obtuse, sparingly. toothed ; the upper sessile or nearly so mn a tapering base ; the lower tapering into long and slender petioles, which what dilated at the base; involucre gl: landular-viseid boo E si pubes, of the disk silky-pubescent ; exteri r pappus e, short conspicuous.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. €. p. 3 315. s Dinis pele Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. N. W. Coast, Menzies ! in her b. Hook. (probably California i np on dE ie ux EN Nuttall!—Heads larger than in H. bra, bt anillo ise n H. inuloide " distinguished from the former [e the character ass and “ae te short and triangular obtuse appendages of the styles; from Te € by the Mine: Mesa E aly slightly toothed leaves, istinct exterior pappus, &c. In our ae of H. inuloides (Mexico, Hartweg), the disk-flowers present an une ee ppus of. copious capillary rec forming 2 or more series, but w ith 1 no o Blasi squamellate prend rior pappus ; thus bolas the same relation to Aplopappus, that the Mer species do to Chrysop bdiv. 5. Curysorsipem, DC.—Pappus of the ray and disk similar, double; the exterior short; the inner copious, capillary. fs e : & 55. TENE. Nutt. gen. 9. p. 150 (§ of pena excl. spec. ; Ell. » 2. p. 333; DC. prodr. 5. p. 3 Heads many-flowered ; ‘the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, im- bricate. Receptacle somewhat alveolate, flat. Corolla of the disk-flowers ‘tubular, 5-toothed. Branches of the style mostly terminated by linear or linear-subulate hispid appendages,’ often longer than the flat stigmatic por- tion. Achenia obovate or linear-oblong, compressed, hairy. Pappus of the disk and ray similar, double; the exterior short, squamellate-setose or some- what chaffy ; the interior of numerous elongated and scabrous capillary bris- tles. Perennial, rarely annual or suffrutescent plants (all North American), mostly villous, silky, or woolly ; with oblong or linear usually entire. and leaves. Heads trainen the "T often — mA c H * Flowers yellow. *» "i l, Perennial : leaves gramineous or Pu nerved : achenia Siale, at le attenuate at each end, or fusiform : "exterior pappus eru or squamellate-subulate.—Prrvorsis, Nutt. ia (Nutt.) : thickly clothed with - aski ressed > mbosely b ed above, leafy ; leaves ieg or ing, nervose, entire ; the upper gee? and those ppressed ; heads segnes n ewhat pupa k turbinate involuéte linear and yubescent | ular; Fassa - Sat e. ne (m MIX r pam 3 f F E = * Mit. Xe d t E idi "COMPOSITE. 953 a gen. 2. p. 151. Erigeron nervosum, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1953. E. glandu- losum, ed. = Y Diplopappus graminifolius, Less. in Linnea, 5. p. 310. ompan. to bot. mag. 1. p. Pit ityopsis (Sericophyl- LO Pia. $ argentea, Nutt. in cat s des phil. soc. (n. ser.) B. achenia n —€——Ó stem less “ez! towards = summit.—C. argen- dpt Nut. k c; EU erR Inula argen se Pers. Bae 2. p € 2609. a pre T zraminifola B. enifa, Torr.! in ann. lye. ao York, 2. p. 2 Dry ids vei cele ca to Florida! Alabama! and RT bancs A July-Oct.—Ste t high, usually leafy throughout. Leaves with both surfaces iei dun e ining ; the pubescence at ees often Die rs de- aquae: the leaves of the branches somewhat subulat eads variable in size. Pappus whitish or brownish.—This species varies ie as to tie. size and Preseli of the leaves; but C. gentea can scarcely be distin- guished, even as a variety. In id Du Pus dnvoloet e is either manifestly or very slightly glandular, and s sa p Bern mse takes the p ce of the silky hairs on the buche and pedune C. oligantha Maru mss.): stem simple, slender, glandular - eked above, bea 2-4 heads; ean es G ate or spatulate- Dex eas silky with closely appressed shining dein ervose, entire ; heads on elonga- ted naked peduncles; sc of the campanulate e involucre iiM ded Ed gate: glandular, somew what pubescent achenia ides elongated, silky-vil- 8; exterior pappus nearly se ; ^ Dari pine barrens. of Middle “Florida, Dr. Cha apma April-May.— Stem 12-18 inches high, somewhat leafy and silky saa the middle, but yr ith : | pus are wholly similar to the preceding.— We have seen i; Masi an specimens almost intermedi ate between Ibis à epe e the p cro wiad. aea line ear, seid, carinate-nerved ; the ae aceous 5 wheads mostly solitary terminating the bra nehlets ; inner scales of ts nvolu- cre linear-lanceolate, somewhat membranac eous anc ane diii. * the apex; mau Suen, singe oO * exterior P somewhat chaffy or squa- mellate.—Ell.! sk. ed 5; DC! pr odr. 5. p. 326. , Erigeron romo- flexum, Poir suppl. 2 ep. 4 Pityopst sis pinifolia, Nutt. ? iis ee fs Sand-hille ik ong the Pt pu Chatahoochee Rivers, , Elliott! | Sep.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Lower leaves 4-6 inches long. Heads “rather large. - i "Exterior pappus very short, whitish; the interior reddish- 4 4. C. faleata (Ell.): stem lanate-villous, offen branched ; ao T linear, mucrona rigid, ci A or BU. about ipid n . dis. rior —Ell. ES e. falcata, Lee fl. 2. p.532. l : : 7 Pit tyopsis : ul? ! 4n trans. - 80c. Je ng Island, New York! ‘Connetticat, bbins ! Nantuc p Ne Lu Mr. T. A. Green ! July-Sept.— s high, stout, very jerry Pappus s VOTE M * 3 ‘. a E | (DA COMPOSITAE. — Cungsorsts. e : ; i § 2. Perennial : leaves o * Je lanceolate, somewhat veined : achenia ob- " ovate or oblong, compres. Evcurysorsis. a . , . €. Mariana (Nutt.) : villous with dong and weak somewhat decidua aot hairs ; em mostly bes dal eu leav es membr anaceous, her. s or ellipti- cal, e, or remotely hat veiny y. the sy aem Mosely. sanle; m. = T tapering to the bas a somewhat petioled; corym mostly sim ple ; peduncles gl: * Exterior pappus manifest, setose or squamellate-subulale. 2. p. 1240; oed (M p. ». 531. Aster Caroliniarine pilosus, &c., Mill. . bot. mag. 1. p 5 ; -Darlingt. fl. Cest f : PE ix Sandy and barren ds soil New York? and New J m E be ‘nd ~ Louisiana! common ate .-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high. s villous with sparse very fias an d silky hairs, or sometimes ‘nearly pois, mostly obtuse ; the lower 3-5 ires long. Heads rather large. ‘Papp 6. C. trichophylla (Nutt.) : ‘villous with very long and weak Vid woolly hairs, glabrous towards the sum mit; stem sim nple or bran ems below, very leafy; leaves narrowly oblong or lane olat ely sge te, obtuse, somewhat mucronulate ; the upper Foes o orn ey often n care s ps the lower Baer te saree veiny; corymb simple Seat e peduncles glabrous ; scales of = hemispherical-c nulate ores cre lanceolate-linear, acute or mucron e, glabrous or minutely glan- dular; the points often udiewhat foliaceous End cor s ac Figs a oblon ng- obovate, Ue ids. poris hairy or villous; exterior D. early seti- # p milies gen. 2. p. 1 de sk. 2. p. 336; Pi 7 . 5. p. 327. ssopifl p rud dona s` oblong-spatulate, in dense very woolly ^tufis; pee e linear- see or narrowly linear, bier pilose or 5 PIS involuce e glabrous.—C. hyssopifolia, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. Dip op pue trichophylla? Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97. . (tant f from Fie le.) ~ stole! to Florida! and Spem 5 ? dans on Louis- 2: iana! ves g.-Oct -—Stem 1-3 feet high, someti oosely co- —.. rymbose at ihe summit, pla few leo v tn v branched Fom "ese, viti : ymb. a as large as in C Well described ie intermediate between ms latter 2d C. goss yos; Ju ^ tis koeni oth by the much narrower ats aabecan b and subulate appendages ^ A style, &c. The foliage va- “ T mes through riety “of forms into var. 8.; in which they are sometimes Ea 5 , more: fhan a line m vásisklo i in form, m either glabrous or hair Do that. we ~~ sate tasas separ aie.species ee et f "7 & ossypina Ses very densely ye ae Mi. acomplia: leaves ) or ree ec obtüse, entire; the upper ones closély sessile see we l heads co ntinet ot somewhat t panicled ; scales of the in ET t woolly; achenia o e dE somewhat sk. 9. p. 3373 iien a mee Seil Nutt. ae ŽEN. 327.. Inula gossypina, Michr.! fl. 2. p. 122; Pursh, Lam. reca 3. ae 259, excl. s syn. fide "DC. Erigeron » 4 * smaller plant than 1h villosa, (6-8 xs heh which i „sembles. Pappus tawny ; ahs ca rigid, white. AA cn di "E “there 3 are numerous aromatic ri us glan nds spread cd n COMPOSITAE. inches long. The whole plant —— p Mir co and soft wi ‘covering. Heads rather larger than Maria e. marked with 2-5 eraai sit. . C. scabrella: pulverulent-scabrous throughout ; stem stout, corymbose- , lea re j aha above, leafy; leaves o ong-lanceolate, mucronulate, e m ies » i ob ong-obovate silky-villous ; exter or pappus BERN ad seti In oods, Flor Ax dd Teen aic ! Sept.-Oct. RRT oolly Pappus Lieu high. Leav M as larg n C. Mariana, but narrower, rather firm, totally „Biitit, as is the whee pila nt, of silky or woolly hairs. Corymb fasti “rather dense. Heads a little smaller than in C. “Mariana. Pappus 9. C. villosa Ou: stem villous-pubescent and sparsely ied giate, pale. erect; ~ simple or corymbose, very leafy ; Berger canescently strigose on both sid mucronate, entire or rarel with a sha arp scattered teeth, hispidly ciliate wardsthe base er oblong-spatulate, tapering at ase; p solitary or somew rymbose at the extremity of the bonia t pe salat auri e nia obovate, villous; exterior pappas setose-squamellate.— Nutt. / 1. c. ; po 5 cn gie Pursh, . p. 564. Mie os ee M rivi n å SR. ; Hook. § Jt. 2 2, & compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 9 -1 doti on Prairies of Illinois ! and the plains of the Missouri cour d &c. -— in Alabama, Mr. Buckley!) extending beyond the R ocky Mountains j Ore ouglas Hook. Jul s! California, Capt. Beechey! in herb. et high. a ; the ri gid pubescence closely appressed. Heads Rays about 25. Pap he S ey or nearly white. Appendages of the L oe rather obtuse w eaves an inch or more in length, 1-nerved, large style C. hispida (Hook.): hispid throughout with uniform spreading hairs; . t the branche s somewhat corymbose ; leaves oblong-spatulate, narrowed at BÀ igicur hat petioléd ; the radical on long pedu ncles ; scales of the i in- hai voluere narrowly linear, acute ; achenia Mer hu iege pappus sütidiliellnte. El ok.! fl. Bor DC. prodr. 7. p. 279 ; Nutt. ! in iran: An ie il. s On the ' Saskatcha awan, ner ardson ! Roc Y Mounaing Nuttall a * w re Exterior pappus setose, sree crs densely silky-villous: ple hee . . Catnescent or silky-villous : leaves entire. [p : Leucopss, DC tnn * 5 J in part) = 10. C. mollis de vei | silky-canescent As - lea long, most] Sans ec i ea sessile, the — ap ns what rel d; heads few, mbose; sc; exer vil an voluere linear-lanceolate.= Nati ! ! in tran ej latte, wi * Plains of the he biling: visit it chee fe the. , not the least scabrous, nor an here cil IMS ie ` exterior d 245 2 Tam Diplopappus) EN hi e. p. 3 bes Pea í eh, Lh d i * A X X P AÁ "uu > age ^ COMPOSITE. . — CuHsopsiS. ^ * F 3456 sua (Nutt.) : om canescent with a es ei ges pu- i + and at the same time scabrous ; stems very le afy to € me Fermo oblong or elliptical, obtuse, mucronulate, not tapering to the ba sé, closely sessile, or slightly clasping, with very scabrous margins; nes lower imes fri with brina tow pat a base; hea ua stie -corymbose s crowded, nearly dra inv nulate, can nt, rather shorter than the -— "m linear- atate es The Fubicstod. — Nutt; trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c Plains of the Plate, in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! . Aug.— , many from t oot high, canescent with "xe soft. Spreading _ hairs, but peo did Dubai deciduous pubescence very s Xa m ves about an inch long, and pee an inch wide, tse] RIR, am rough beneath this covering. Heads smaller than in C. villosa, with Shomer i Pappus brownish. Allied | to the following. a . C. canescens any -canescent throughout, ne at the base, ^ ens SNO hed, qid; ms and fasti RT branches very leafy; leaves blanceolate or ria ate-oblong, mucronate- RRE tapering to the base sessile, fringed below the RS with long and scattered rigid bris- tles ; heads m mostly solitary terminating the crowded branchlets; scales of the cam panulate involucre oboi Eon bo mbricated, canescent. —Aplo- Pappu is) C.I d ? (Leu ; ept.—Variable _ 1 of the branchlets much ip Pe the branches ait a bear a fed uires like those so conspicuous on th margins of we leave a and pappus (oen. Riu dan nearly as in C. foliosa, t. Rays rather numerous and shor $ $. Exterior Pare day) but AE out ae inner nearly in a single seri to the wpper leaves. (Phyllotheca, Nul R s spew or linear-oblong, acute, sessile, en- ed itary, mis Sn the fen neeolate involucrate bracts; scales of the s involucro e eet te Keen rather longer than the disk.— » mer. phil. * — ! in p ning alifornia, Nuttall! ee 2[ Plant with “a heavy aro- 4 Bis odor and bitter ray " clothed with slender viscid hairs, with shorter : ecce hairs intermixed. Lea p ed **with e 13. C.? pem sd (Nut): hirsute throughout with spreading viscid hairs; sigra c : ie j ments of stamina one th ru te oe oblong, oae: prs a " - : villous wie very so ap i 4 * ; minutely i HS stem simple or d oid : m he e per cd sessile, acute or mucro te, €l : i uA m to the base, ten toothed ; heads poe 0) branches; scales of the h hemispherical involuere Pillar t linear, >” villous and viscid, almost equal, as long as as (didi achenie por x : 3 ig " ‘ ` gx * hy T rs Sa ^. . a Eu IMS iT M " E. > Cumsopsis. COMPOSITE. * 257 ** Pine woods and open barrens, Arkansas, Sipen! Dr. Pitcher! Lou- ' isiana, Do Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! Dr. Carpenter! Texas, Drummond! - . July-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Heads miss "hah in C. villosa, with numerous elongated rays. Appendages of the style elongated- i n ue à than twice the length of the stigmatic portion. | $ pappu wnish ; exterior whitish, the scales linear-oblong, about one-third the. length of P. achenium, slightly denticulate, firm.—The lower leaves are sometimes laci- niate-toothed or incised. Subtribe Baccnaripem, Less.—Heads discoid, never radiate, dicecious or monecious; the fertile flowers Sake filiform and truncate, and when monc- «+ cious in several series, with the sterile flowers in the centre. Receptacle not ehaffy. monere not caudate at the base.— Leaves alternate. ee 56. CONYZA. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less. syn- 1 P.. 203. ‘Mesi many-flowered, monccious; the exterior pistillate and fertile, in many series, with a filiform truncate or 2-3-toothed corolla; a few of the cen- tral flowers stáminate, sterile, but often styliferous or even fertile, with a unter 5-toothed corolla. Scales of the involucre in several series. Recep- | le flat or convex, punctate or fidofilla ate. Achenia compressed, attenuate - t the base, usually glabrous. Pappus a single series of capillary scarcely” scabrous bristles. —Chiefly tropical herbs, with branching stems, and vari- ously incised leaves. Heads peduncled, corymbose or ng atie Flowers allo ow. * és E . C sinuata ei): annual? hairy, somewhat sca abrons ; lower pen g dide: the lobes oval, acute; the upper linear, entire; heads paniculate; Scales of the involucre linear-subulate i flowers white, all fertile ; ‘hank i ll. sk. 9. p. 378 Soare Eri- geron. d —This plant is ae unk us and is probably d indigeno "s appears to belong to Conyza npe, E Dine habes t the Am x "oa, OB species of which frequently have the central flowers perfect and itale.. LA Spreng. Aecording to De Candolle, a specimen of this plant in. : Kolsi s is g. Ace to meis bon ole at Mulgrave Sound on the Pacific is st it t there is Saige. ape mistake as to the ascribed habitat oft and | A rs ke s plan 6. s. BAccHARIS, Linn.; Michz. fl. 2. LE 195; DC. rod: Ap 398. . Heads s many-fowerd dimus: the, PP. a tubular and similar. D E a volucre somewhat he erical or oblong; the s iles imbricated in several E series. Seis nak ,or r rarely somewhat chaffy. Corolla in the sterile * . ewhat dilated and 5-cleft at the summit; in the fertile. filiform, __somew hat truncate. Anthers exserted in the sterile flowers ; entirely absent ' “in ‘the fertile. - ‘Style in eitile flowers exserted; the branches glabrous ; i : © the sterile ti ith an ovate hairy appendage, often more or less abor ; ia ribbed or grooved. Pappus capillary ; 6f the sterile plant in a sine | VOL. u—33 — x Li oe ET 2o fpr 9. E DM ges * e "1 aT n " * " © 958 oe . COMPOSITE. Bageni x gle series, often tortuous or somewhat plumose- penicillate, about the lode! of the involucre ; of the fertile plant in one or several series, not thickened or penicillate at the apex, usually much longer than the involucre.—Shrubs, very rarely herbs (nearly all American), commonly glabrous and resinous, or - ous. Leaves mostly alternate, entire or toothed, often decurrent on the branches, forming either a foliaceous wing or narrow a Fiowere mostly white. i d * ; b E ^ Lu * Natives of the United States. — s > Mb. angus tifolia (Michx.): glabrous, od branched ; ‘the nihii ee oe leaves narrowly linear, sessile, entire, rather acute ; heads about 20-flowered, axillary, pedunculate, and cancel clustered at ‘the su mmit of the branches, Hininga a loose pan L scales of the ed ovate-lanceo- - ~ late, acute.—. war acd Rem af ; Pursh, fl. 2. p.95 ; EU! aki 2. p." N 318; DC.! prodr. i. a ‘Sea-coast S Corclind! 1o Flofida! and Louisiana ! _ Sept.-Oct.—Shrub - 6-10 feet hich, Heads sm S oH. halimifolia xS. Te udo. somewhat scurfy-glau- " cescent; the branches angled; leaves obovate, oarsely a x eee pr d - above, cuneate at the base and somewhat desse into a petiole ; R up- nceolate, entire ; heads of the sterile pun subglobose, Podicellates c ed ost lai Å solitary or aggregated ; the fertile loosely somewhat pa anicled ovate-oblong ; scales of the sterile involucre ovate ; the inner 2 s elongated in the fertile. DC.—Linn.! a 2. p. 860; Michxr.! fl. 2. p ; Pursh, fl. 2. P Sio Pee ae Seis ; Duham. a ei. (cd. 2] 1f 603 "bc! prodr. 5. p. 4 í Senec ih Tinian ppp: —Herm. parad. Bat. 1.225. Eidheyso = affinis, &e., Pluk. alm z 2 San ak or Cote New York! and New Jersey, and through- E out the low country of t e Southern States! ** owing Mpeg - T ob r brackish soils,” EL. Sept.-Oct.—Shrub 6-12 feet high. Pap the fertile flowers very long and slender. - ia B. - glomeruliflora (Pers.): shrubby, very glabrous; the brane hes an- “gled; leaves er cuneate-obovate, attenuate. yee a short petiole, obtuse; - ydq obovate-oblon ng, e ; heads sessile and ctowiled in the oa er the leaves; the ster s involucre Sampanulate, with the scales oblong and iiie. "DC. —Pers. syn. A Pursh, |. c. Sor. eae Michz.! 2. p. 125; Ell. sk. n p. 320; ac Vahl.. a Damp pine barrens along oe à. cse die not in Pack soils, Ell.) wn wy irginia to Florida! and Louisiana! Sept.-Nov.—Shrub. 3-5 fee t high. * Leaves ud green. Pappus of vey fertile qum very long, as M ceca : andolle, from whom we have taken the characters of this spe- eins DR) halimifolia, places the two at. considerable distance from each * X. p. * os £e ; > < ~ other; and authors appear to have no doubt of their distin E he. if 3e es å ^ deed we are simy e ae with „the present species, we oc guish them i Y. 4. B. meret e ? shrubby, capto branches angular; ; leaves mostly o *3 late; the uppermost pen 2 vw omii, viscid y e ier de in per ovate, as well a ooth les.” - in trans. Amer. mm soc. gas E 7 De Paa? a the “name ¢ B. sä- ia, . aff. mE 2. p. 211 vae E Ne allied to B. omerlitor. More or less “ ctate. Leaves sory obse T K DER Li Dr cael this pie n on do Canad LI "S y : A 2 5$ E Lo , die. tie l a4 A EO x I Il A Baccnanis. “COMPOSITE. 259 4 g s t ‘ 4 -= eimens are not sufficient to allow of our por. any opinion respecting the ; * * Natives Y^ California, 5. B. consanguinea (DC.): shrubby, mist branched, glabrous, viscous es young; the Lea ade doesent: angled ; leaves re ob sir form, obtuse, with 2-4 rigid acute teeth on each no eads sessile at the summit of the branches a branchlets, solitary, or mostly aggregat Sfr i glomerules of 2-4; scales of the involucre in the ferti le heads oblong- -linear, w obtuse, with a membran aceous somewhat fimbriate margin; the innermost ~ "Father acute. . DC. prodr. 5. p. 408; geh & Arn. bot. Bee sarchy, = k p. 352. B. glomeruliflora, Hook. & Arn. l.c. p. 147, exc r. B. ( i MESS now refer to B. pilular California, Menzies, Douglas, &c i = 6 lines long, about 3 broad, = étighity sate above, DC. —Hooker & re es ‘til doubt Men this — ME be really distinet from B. glomeruliflora, or from B. pilul 6. B. pilularis (DC.) : somewhat shrubby, much br abelied; glabrous and " “viscous; the Trane ML leaves ses ssile, obovate-cuneiform, obtus e, en- - tire, or often SUY tóorhe, 1 -nerved, . "P ; heads glo | e the summit of the bra on the ax ary branchlets, bracteate with mi- 4 . mute favis; eala of jhe ae pra in the sterile e oblong, rather acute, - the margin te tt ds and somewhat fimbrillate at the apex. *.DC.. “© _ prodr. 5. p. 407; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c oe California, Douglas, Nu ttall !—Leaves x lin kado ong, -and a broad; the l uppermost shorter than the Ney a nd out 2 lines in diam Fe ide ¢ b plant unknown. DC.—* In specimens ‘of the fertile plant, e rite are - oa denti esc three-fourths of a n inch ng. $a half an inch in. * : the capituli ary or by thre oe sm with 10 3 Fo the pappus d erp as length. © a shrab 30 or T feet high. It ap- š M ^ Meg angled above; leave ort ] tithes, lanceolate, acute, erra i i ound, some- 'gin t M iar taiteilee ng; 5-6 lin wide? the er narrower; pappus of the y sterile iis whitish, as Nor as tbe involaere.) DC. prodr. 5. p. 400... . ade Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 147, & suppl. p. z under B. Woglasit, and by mistake pee g viscosa gra poe : d (n: - Ser.) 7- p. 337. Molina, genre Less. in, Linnea, aj -i * it 0 ; alitor Chamisso, Capt. Beechey, Douglas , Nut ti /—This plant, pu which Lessing and Nuttall oe e for B. Pingrea, E Arnott a 3" ‘that they are stil unable to distinguish from the "Chili oM | : 8. B. viminea (DC.): shrubby, glabrous; branches iunt, xm cae. a F late-nerved; leaves short peti etioles, oblong-lanceolate, acute at ateachend, | ‘slightly 3-nerved at tho kasd | minu X ceous. $ E - §. Arn. | California, 1 las,—Fertile plant unknown.. Leaves 12-14 lines pen and scale-like. ee the sterile - f n the involucre. DC... F r €. i =. 260 ; COMPOSITÆ. nii "i ^ -$ Subtribe 3. TARCHONANTHES, LE —Heads discoid, never radiate, di- cecious or heterogamous ; the fertile flowers tubular-filiform, mostly truncate, when heterogamous with - the perfect or staminate flowers in the centre. Receptacle sometimes KRE Anthers caudate at the; base.—Leaves * ernate. ; , CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. * Pappus of the sterile and fertile flowers similar, capillary. * M yj 1 58. Prvcini. Involucre oem Heads in compound — AS ; 59. PrEROCAULON. Invol re deciduous. Heads spicate. t i hn Pappus oft the eril and {rtia flowers none. Receptacle flat or conical. ` + Flowers all fertile. " 60. CALYMMANDRA, Achenia of the perfect flowers daty enclosed Si the chaff + + Staminate flowers few, sterile. > 61. Finacixopsis. Fertile flow s, in the axils of narrow equal chaff, : * APERIA. ` Fertile flowers 8-12, in the axils of broad unequal concave poe Jj "53. Miorot. Fertile flowers 5-7, enclosed in rigid gibbous scales. d y 64. PsiLocanPnus. ‘Fertile flowers numerous, enclosed in membranous chaff, i ; .* * * Pappus of the sterile flowers of jd bristles. Receptacle columnar. = 65. Cie P: oe numerous, enclosed i in the saccate keel of the broad * 1 : A : ^ PLUCHEA. ‘Cass. bull. philom. 1817; p.31; DC. prodr. 5.. Aus. i : Stylimnus & Gynema, Raf. (1819. 5 SAES Ell. (1824.) fie uw Becta ma many-flowered; the central flowers mostly perfect, but sterile; the’ filiform, pistillate, in many se ries. Involucre imbricated. ^ Recepta- i . * ele flat, mostly naked. Corolla of. the fer rtile flowers truncate, or. mi- * nutely 2—3-toothed ; of the sterile dilated and 5-cleft ; the summit. * rs Ms bicaudate. Style in the central flowers entire or | min ely 2-toothed. Ache- " pe nia somewh: grea angled or grooved. due. [i pill ,inasingle | "series, find y scabrous.—Herbs; or rarely suffrutesc pla s (mostly oo — 4 , dular, emitting a strong and ‘som reeab * Ls Leaves er or vigi serrate. Heads in Ta a bs. 7 p mostly purplish. e - eR * dee bc. ): pubescent a and slightly visci anceo- =~ , Somewhat cot clasping ai th , mucronately serru- hier os t x global heads in comp S4 45 Con Zz , . i * pet p- 451. yza bift spec: ‘ Pursh, fl. 2. p ; Ell. sk. 2. p.322; Hook.. < + amp S, Tix. ! Jl. 2. p. 126. & A » PrvcnrA. | .— COMPOSITR. wp pi Lo SERI July.- -Sep —2[ Stem E feet ae Las 2-3 inches j eg rather acute. Elara dull purpl » . P. fetida (DC.) : me DUM DES ent; leaves (large) imde iis. very acute or acum e-at each end, distinetly petioled, membra — almost glabrous, cosspiitolaly featlidf- ede aie sed corymbs "A A panion ; pia P the involucre T nd . dotted with minute Pole DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 452. E syn ash & me d P. E 6 o in di 2 97 E Gy esi enata & T Raf. ! ann. gm p.l 59 & in herb. DC NE ong streams, &c. Pennsylvania? to Alabama! and een X Western States!” Aug.-Oct.—21 Stem strongly grooved or angled, 9-4 feet to feetida of Tinis was ne founded ; but the figure of Dillenius here cited _ doubtless was intended for this nati e Erigeron camphoratum, Linn. ` hort. Ups. &c. is pretty clea arly the following. 7a aoa Wer tho sy-. ^ Tonym y of De Candolle, but reduce (wo Dis s species to ML g * ac eed iri (DC.) : minutely viscid- bce and diu leaves. 4 1 ate-ovate oblon ong-ovate, pes or slightly mos pale and. mi- nutely p jer reni ‘apd sprinkled with resinous Sebai es both sides, slightly p -feather-Yeined, repandly serrate ; ri ie fastigiate; scales of t A infest nie pe and viscid, eiliate i box a& P. Marilandicai, De -F E phoratum, c. 2. p. 864; 3. p. 1960. Uaa cee ee lth. t. 88, f. 104 7) P a. 196; Pursh! l. c. sk. 9. p..320. Qt EL. 7) Bigel. jl. e mphorata, (Æl ptu e 299, ap ie Pursh, 5c. " Baccharis 153 Walt.? Stylimnus naeritimus; s Raf! : b. * |o P. angustifolia: meis ey obscurely serrulate or entire Cony “angus Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 1 sra arshes, Mnisaeholetts! to Florida! and Kp ‘Au c Odit m 10-30 inches high. Leaves slightly succulent, 2-3 inches long. Et eadefewer and larger than in the. preceding; the purplish a M è E shorter than the disk. Flowers light pur rple. Em . P. purpurascens. (DC. vr herbaceous, Wibcwhat visit — i legia: ovate-lanceolate, rather acute, equall Á—— Agpering cave oa š (|o pole, minutely 'uberulent and glandular, somewhat veiny prts > ~ podie sem ilios «corymbs ; scales dt Oi: x Rn cada omen #. * cid; the exterior a the inn trp riage Sioa urascens, m pum & Xs » 2.—Co onyza p * C a 1192 I v] E g Blod ett eey a rather Ee onn ge w é zu tea Cu and um. E camphorat a,the iiie about th oe n e cauline "i of ae „bu i rin ind distin MB “size, but po of diis mes tape is Poin B. we e little a ‘ atte t at it is p P gungppienn dien sor oe "E i* d E s bs T i Moet Ei 3 : ; irata al sa EY & $ u de E ! = 3 Jaequin is imd by: De Cand to eo Pide (C pe iyaa P and Mexi ia dol hg ye EK, i kd UY t " — j 1 z 262 COMPOSIT E. PrEROCAULON. * 59. PTEROCAULON. Ell. sk. 2. p. 333 (1824); DC. prodr. 5. p. 453. * Heads manysflowered; the fertile flowers filiform, pistillate, in we. P D : the perfect flowers i in the centre Tor intermixed with thp others, Eil.), mostly sterile. Scales of the oblong involucre imbricated in several series, y pressed or with slightly squarrose points Receptacle mi- | nutely fimbrillate or hirsute. Corolla of thie endi dis ers 3-toothe e » sterile 5-cleft at the summit. Anthers bicaudate, somewhat exserted. d | nia angled, pubescent widgiopressed hairs. Pappus of numerous capillary: scabrous equal bri stles, longer than the involucre.—Perennial Rd or iud shrubby plants (chiefly natives of tropical America), with a e- hat tube altern rous rhizomá. Leaves , lance olate, entire or denicalilh " pee densely tomentose béugnph, | the margins decurrent along the stem into 3 4 continuous foliaceous wings. — ead sessile, * densely crowded in simple or compound spikes. ' Flowers usua ly white. TES i l. P. pycnostach yum (Ell.): stem herbaceo € ‘loaves EET : A undulate- enticulate, glabrous above; heads Mea dense continuo us spike ; , ales of the involucre silky-tom d hg e at reda apex Ell. — l.c. Conyza pyenostachya, Michr.! fl. 9. p. 1 3 Punk i ! fl. 2 a í : y sandy soil, S. Carolina! à Florida! May=Aug.—Black Root. pue root is much used in ome pw s of the country as an alterative, and as a qe q old ulcers. Elliott ) É* : a * -F E CALYMMANDRA. Ak *3 ie ~ Heads anbglebosds subsessile, collected in small axillary clusters, many- i, Th flowered, heterogamous ; the flowers all fertile; the pistillate in many series, | «in the axils of narrow and plane linear or somewhat spatulate scarious (vil- lous-lanate) chaff of the receptacle, with a filiform t m corolla; the per- S fect 5 ina single central series, each enclosed in an oval convolute woolly t chaff; the short and somewhat inflated minutely 4-toothed corolla mofe or less | exserted. Scales of the involucre few, simila to and passing into the | Receptacle conical, punctate. B5 with very short tails. Branch- es of the short; in the perfect flowers oblong, flat ; in the"pistillate fili- $ form. Achenia oval-oblong, nearly terete, very smooth, destitute of pappus, E agthose of the perfect. flowers similar, but enclosed by the suhing chaff.— . , oA small annual herb, branched fro: m the base, semen ies a very white ai +. P; appressed wool; thg — slender, te imple, erect, nt * | of "t diens cl E = x a axils of linear-alifsnceólaté late or narrowly spatul ulate entire leaves; ves "zum a line long) on short L| we concealed ” the viue : V o a t | s CALYMMANDRA. COMPOSITE. wa * their axils. Chaff falling away when -— achenia ripen, all visi equal in boy scarious, glabrous towards the base, that of the perfect flowers woolly « out, somewhat , A n oan shorter than the flowers, but in- * š. e s qe achenia, just as those of Micropus are enclosedyby the scales of ‘the involucre. In the latter, ih extérior and pistillate e are thus in- P vested: in this remarkable genus, on the contrary, the central i ia erben flowers are enclosed, to — circumstance the generic name 61. FILAGINOPSIS. is Heads subglobose-ovoid, collected. in dense inorm clusters, many- " * , flowered; the fertile flowers pistillatey numerous, an dn many series in the eia of the linear-oblong and obtuse (woolly-tipped) flat and scabrous equal " vestige of an ý subtaied by as many. of the chaffy scales of the recep- - 1 ovary tacle, and nearly pe aec in length. Involucre of few scales en- flowers in their axils: involucrate bracts mostly 5, & * ovate-spatulate, herbaceous, with scarious margins, very wool ., Recéptacle * K - flat or somewhat convex, papillose-punctate. Style in the staminate flowers r undivided; in the fertile with short filiform branches. Achenia oval, s . and glabrous; slightly obcompressed (that is parallel with the chaff), et rely +. . © destitute of pappus.—Annual woolly herbs, with the aspect of Filago (ove of Mexico and Texas), much branched from the base, diffuse. Leaves ` long-spatulate, entire, sessile. Heads in involucrate (simple or Ti) E " "ow. gabe terminating the branches. <> * . tirely similar to the chaff of the receptacle, and only Wo 2 S * This s genus differs from Evax in the broad and flat receptacle obtuse chaff, &¢. >. from the Diaperia of Nuttall in n the roundish i very E. ed heads, pee narro chaff numerous in each series, the sessile sterile flowers , &c. L*F. multicaulis : glometules often proia, chaff of the sterile lowers ^ & w ee irao e t herbaceous an lly throughout, -— volving the entirely s corolla. ^ Me et. lis, DC. ! p. ; 459. E. verna, Raf.t sre Texas, BefWandier ! T iim ! (the fétmer ie ob-. tained it in Mexico: plam uei Biches = Me Sender diffuso stems ^ EN and bran ches, clothed th lon pes fi o sas ni om he ea = MN x and o ten shorter than the ; a long 3 A fd ones us pala inner series glabrous ept at & seld : chaff of the Sterile“ 4 an Vg or olen the «ru WM at the summit. ling, which it exceedingly CUR i Jea! E d r larger, very’ Md MGR. col tw Se g dii j E i x T A eat + tik 264 COMPOSITA. '" — FILAGINOPSIS. rather shorter wool, so that they separate readily when they fall away; the 4 or 5 sterile corollas naked, connected by the ie m woolly hairs which grow on the dilated limb. E .62. DIAPERIA. Nutt. intrans. Amg Lom soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 337. Heads fusiform-oblong, disposed in siii: glomerules of 4-5 together, which are collected in large capitate and bracteate compound clusters termi- nating the stem or simple and mostly age branches; the fertile flow- ers 8-12, demas. in the axils of the of the receptacle, with a much d filiform truncate corolla ; bs a central d with a tubu- iaintenlibilten: minutely 4-toothed: corolla, destitute of ovaries, each supported by a filiform stipe and enelosed in a chaff of the Medus Scales of the involucre and the chaff of the small convex receptacle scarious, oval, * broad and large for the size of the head, closely and somewhat distichously. imbricated and wrapped around each other, the inner successively longer; . T the 2-3 innermost chartaceous, attenuate at the base, woolly towards the "apex, each convolute and separately enclosing à sterile flower. Style in the Sterile flowers -undivided; in the fertile with 2 form branches. Achenia (e obovoid-oblong, obcompressed, glabrous, destitute of pappus.—A small an- . nual erect woolly herb, with spatulate-oblong or linear-spatulate numerous » sessile entire leaves; the stems simple or often branched from the base, ter- minated by the large irregularly involucrate compound head; from whic arise 1 to 5 or 6 simple branches, terminated by simple but usually smaller , compound. heads, in the manner of the Herba impia; and these rarely again proliferous. Proper heads and primary clusters more or lene bracteate. * x^ . K f 4 Pe -— iferi (Nutt.! 1. Eaa e prolifera, Nutt. ! in De. prodr. 5 Oy sof Red River, Arkani. Nuttall ! Dr. Leavenworth ! Jun e-Au ug T vam eme rigid, 2-5 inches high, terminated by a capitate cluster one- y^ ü half to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, incisis a large number of small 7^: TM s: some of the branches w erous ofte ng b his com-« ` pound head A 0 involucre few, entirely NS to the chaff, T ng into the latter, but shorter, a ool ernally : th the ART y x e ha of. piros or slightly tom@ntose-ciliate : that of the sterile longest much longer than the slender corolla it encloses; the liform mgt . + 63. MICROPUS. p ; Garin. fr. t. 164; Schkuhr, hands. t. 907. | p Heads collected in axillary sessile clusters, several-flowered ; the fertile- flowers 5-7, in a single series, pistillate, with a ‘filiform „corolla, enclosed in (o the inner scales of the involucre ; the 3-7 central staminate, with an infundi- buli corolla, naked, destitute of ovaries. Receptacle small and Hats Involucre in 2 series, each of 5-7 scales; the exterior scarious, flattish, zi raeteiform ; the interior (perhaps rather to be considered chaff of ; le, as described by N uttall) infolded and laterally compressed, ne 3v 4 à: Tent ge. v Microrvs. : J COMPOSIT E. * 265 boat-shaped and very gibbous, enclosing the fertile flowers, and forming a ; permanent cartilaginous covering to the smooth obovate and gibbous com- | pressed achenia. Pappus none.—Low: vind herbs with the aspect of e Filago or Gnaphalium. a $ Fructiferous scales of the involucre not echinate, woolly when young.— Bombycilena, DC. a8 M. Californicus (Fisch. & Meyer) : clusters -— € terminal ; iiir: scales compressed -navicular, semi-obcordate ; the inner ea à oe omnes by an erect mucroniform a Mole dein wit a scari nm uds h. & Meyer, ind. sem. St. Petersb. 1835, p. 42; DC. fme 7. : (mant.) p. "283. ¥ 2 B. angustifolia : slender ; ; leaves linear, acute; heads very woolly w when young; e exterior or bracteate involucral scales. oval, concave, scarious with a aga centre.—M. (Rhyncholepis) angustifolius, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. hil Ce Pr £ Californie at Bodega, — Mu B. St. Barbara, Nuttall /— Said to “resemble M. erectus, but the s with a niore scattered and shorter sos while Mr. Nital’: s plant is more aude: than that stie the young heads with a longer wool ; but the rait &c. exactly a kodier | to the character of the Russian ER who do not notice the leaves, &c. Fesbape there are y ^ two nearly allied Californian cda. : x PSILOCARPHUS. INutt. in trans. pan MN soc. (ne ser.) T e 340. Heads. solitary or clustered, many-flowered ; the fertile flowers 8-30 i in * * Several series, pistillate, with a filiform corolla, each enclosed in an involute involucral scale or chaff of the receptacle ; the 5-8 central staminate, with a dilated infundibuliform 4—5-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, naked. Re- gem subglobose ; the chaff and similar involucral scales (as the outermost ^ may be > deemed) membranaceous, woolly, reticulated, infolded, and cucul- orming thin obovoid or somewhat gibbous loose coverings to the very Ps tue. oblong terete or slightly compressed achenia. Branches of the style short and filiform, in the sterile flowers minutely hairy. Pappus none.— | Very small Pagans branched and depressed woolly annuals, with the aspect vax, &c. (natives of the western, coast of America); with linear or spatulate-oblong entire and sessile leaves, which are alternate, and irregu- ; larly involucrate around the terminal or lateral sessile heads or clusters. - This ce Nuttall; pe t E i ' T tud oes ape ict hai? in = ds pese oh g * he not alluded to the true structure of thi inconspicuous appe eh exists in all the species. aes. “whieh in e $ " y 4 ad l = f the fissure; P. obits des yv near] allied P. brevissim imus, it is smaller , t E Om alie oe lo thè in gli e-oblong, and am somewhat deci iduous. s4 * LP. Mhra (Nutt.! L c): sey woolly, decumbent, much branched; * iim 1.34 s Pod E E ; £ he e T . ic. : "MES oue 4 sw GONMEOSPER. o 9 possem — Map soars the floral ones broader, — fertile fl flowers 90 the inflated fructiferous chaff forming globose very aed heads, lateral ad terminal.—Micropus globiferus, ^3 in DC. prodr. tec "Barbara, California, Nuttall ! ! April.—* Plant not an inch high, spreading out 5 or 6 inches : ae DAY bracteate heads A gar dung. vs es what one-fourth of an inch in diam the woollin ness of deciduous: the inflated fruit- Searing chaff between 1 and 2 s lon ra ciis "^ a native of Chili, if itis rea lly the Micropus globiferus of Bertero which is uncertain, although that species doubtless s belongs to this genu " 9. P. brevissimus Ue l. c.): stem minute, simple, Ape mostly a single very woolly head ; fertile Sire ers 8-10; the fructiferous chaff obovoid- oblong; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute “ Plains of the Oregon River, in- inundated tracts.—Extre mely dwarf Apuruaqe not always s so); ; about 4 lines high; ; the solitary sapita lAa, oonga er large, Ey on about the third set of leaves, and so downy as to look like a pellet of cotton.” Nuttall.—V ery eariy allied to the preceding. Mr. Can Suspect t may possibly prove to be the Micropus minimus of De C aè ot. y i (Nutt.! l.c c): canescently tomentose busgii dif- fosely A aad procumbens a linear; fertile flowers 20 or more ; fructiferous scales obovoid, t 4 * [nundated em near the: quee en -— the ei af = NW iie hs ae allied to P. globiferus ; but w uch narrow: y with none , of. the long arachnoid hairs of that edi: i ge scales of = Mie ptaelé dud danlle. " Nuttall. 4. P. ten ellus (Nutt.! 1. c.) : tomentose-canescent ; tog bai e ascend- ing clustered stems and the lower leaves s peonnin ng gla r leaves spatulate-linear ; the ie lowers 20 oc mor E de: 4 ahs small, terminal ; shoals e flowe or more; fructiferous scales obovoid-ob- £ 2, gibbous, to ET St. Barbara, California, Nuttall! April. Plant 1-2 inches high, her w Aaen ; slender. Heads about 2 lines in diameter. Achenia acute as T 65. STYLOCLINE. Nutt. in trans. Amer. ‘shal: soc. (n. ser.) 7. T p. 338. Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; thé fertile flowers pistillate, in Selil series included in a carinate fold of the chaff of the receptacle, with a very « slender and filiform truncate corolla; the 3-4 central staminate, with a tubu- lar minutely 5-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, naked. Receptacle slen- der and elongated, cylindrical; the chaff imbricated, broadly ovate, concave, d ‘| scarious, with a green he bacegus carinate-saccate keel in which the fertile flowers are enclosed, woo y towards the base; the scales of the involucre about 5, similar, but destitute of the saccate y Achenia very smooth, somewhat laterally compressed, acute at the Dise, slightly lunate. Pappus ss of the fertile flowers none; of the sterile composed of 3-5 barbellate-scabrous e as long as the corolla.—An annual tomentose woolly low herb, dif- - . fusely b and decumbent, with small linear entire sessile leaves. a is (about $ — diameter, yellowish-white) in sessile clusters of 3-5 dm + ee sinter 3 é ~ f 2 : x E : d NM. e vow * t eei: x COMPOSITÆ. i 267 wa Saphaide (Nutt. ! lee.) Near Mon rey RU m /— Plant about 6 inches high.—Chaff, including x. minute achenia, at length deciduous from the slender spirally punctate posi n ie —The fer dle flowers ad ke same corolla as the pre- . ceding genera; and what Mr. Nuttall deser as a few long chaffy hairs produced at the ape of the receptacle, is de d chui “of the sterile flowers. Subtribe 4. INULES, Case. Pleads mostly radiate and heterogamous, never diecious. Receptacle not chaffy. Anthers caudate at the base.—Leaves alternate. Heads not glomerate. Ray-flowers of the same color as the disk. - 66. INULA. Linn.; Gern. fr. t. 170 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 463. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers in a single series, pistillate, but sometimes infertile, ligulate, or rarely somewhat tubular; those of the disk tubular, perfect. -Involucre imbricate in several series. Receptacle flat or somewhat convex, naked. nthers bisetose at the base. Achenium terete or 4-sided. Pappus a single series of capillary slightly scabrous bristles.— Mostly perennial herbs (natives of Europe and Asia), with the eauline leaves è often clasping. Heads solitary or corymbose at the summit of the pedun- b cles. “Flowers yellow. i m * & § Exterior scales of the involucre broadly ovate, foliaceous ; the inner obovate- eid med achenia 4-sided, glabrous; rays ligulate, ner nar- rowly —ConvisAnTIA, Merat, Cass. ^ LI Dp (Linn.) : leaves (1 arge) velWety-tomentose beneath, ev e puro P om the radical ones ovate, tapering into a petiole; the ca ulin LET heads ups. d at the summit of the zd t somewhat corym peduncles.—Linn.! spec. 2. p. 881; Fl. Dan. t. 728; To ill. t. 680; Darlings: Jt. Cest. p. 476; DC.! l.c. Aster Heleni ium gn per Corvi-.. sartia Helenium, ** Merat, fl. Par. ;" Cái" n dict. l. c. 10. p. 572. de. , Clayt. ^ oad-sides and about houses, introduc ed ftom Europe, and naturalized in many places.—The ck and T nching perennial root is mucilaginous and . 4 slightly bitter, and is employed as a 2 ren remedy. The old ‘officinal name is Enula Ca bislise, whence Elecampane ^ T ha e . Subtribe 5. Ecurprex, Less.—Heads radiate, heterogamous, never dice- cious. Receptacle chaffy. Anthers not caudate at the base. Pappus none, or awn-like.— Leaves opposite. (Plants with nearly the habit and structure of Heliantheæ, except the style, which c d EI. Asteroidez.) | š * 67. BORRICHIA. Adams. fam. 2. E. is DC. prodr. 5. p. 488. | s Je 7 Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single : capes: those of the disk perfect and tubular. Involucre hemispherical, i im- : i . Receptacle flat, covered with lan- E fete - H the Ht : Corolla of the ray short and ‘broad; of the disk im 5-toothed. Anthers blackish, tipped with an «t UNT : 4 a~" *. : pc RN E is KC ee ae ; =e S hs P 268 COMPOSITE. . ` ` Bomucma. | ovateappendage. Branches of the style (in the disk) elongated, ather thick, somewhat tergo, acutish, hispid from the summit to n near the b ase. Achenia somewhat cuneiform, 3-4-angled, crowned with a short coroniform 4- ‘toothed —' Á€— pappus.—Shrubby (American and mostly tropical) mari- . time pla eaves opposite and somewhat connate, oblong. or linear, cori- aceous or cum Heads solitary, pedunculate. Flowers yellow. "i 1. Ba arborescens (DC.): glabrous} leaves ge epee naor acute, ie gel at the base, entire; exterior scales of the involucre ov rather appressed ; the interior ue; membranaceous E chaff of ite receptas. ole: ed a rhs —Bupht unnm. arbets, Linn. spec. (ed. 2.) 2. pe 1273. EREE Xen uS Elth.t 8, f- 43. Corona-solis frutescens, &c. A a ed. Bur 32 Di omedea unidentata, Cass. in dict. l. c. 13 "D. iaer "H. Be Ks Wesl Mr. Blod, vett !—A large ee c» re : B frute scens (DC): e anescent with a minute appressed silky pu- ibis ; leaves lanceolate or spatulate, obtuse, —— and usually 1-2- ~ toothed tów ards the me ; s of the bran often toothless, sometimes linear; exterior scales of the involucre somewhat skein rather s E interior p the chaff: of chet x spas cuspidate rigid point. — DC. ! dr. 5 uphthalmum frute , Linn. ! spec. (eda) 2. p. 903 3 * $ ETA z T Dp e a n > E e Nn e E e oO eM s = & = IM C- c» P Q i- a E B 3 > ji 9. p. 4 ; ; mum rutin m &c., Catesb. Car. 1. t. 93. Ditaedea Monat, Cass. 4. c. On the Virginia a! to Florida! and Key West! June-Oct.—A small tby pow: The leaves vary from obovate or broadly spatulate to linear; in all the states being eit obruse dr acumin nate-mucronate, entire, or with one or two sharp slog eth near base, or r "dd denticulate throughout: the exterior scales "the involucre are-ofien rather appressed ; the inner either canescent, or y glabrous with ciliate margins, and the 1 spinous points of the chaff are at first rather shorter t s os the flowers. ence pep E i aes B. paeem and Buphth. lineare, Willd. are ntly d 47. sufficien P i 68. ECLIPTA. Linn. mant. Gaertn. fr. t. 169 ; DC. P4 5. p. p. 489. S P Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers- pistillate, ligulate, short, in a » single series; those of the disk tubular and perfect. Scales of the involucre — ^ niet in a double series, foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat .acuminate. cle flat, furnished with linear-filiform or bristly chaff, as long as the ia. Corolla of the ray-flowers with a narrow ligule rather shorter than * z hs involucre ; of the disk ovo p 4- (rarely 5- 7) toothed. Appen- - . dages of the st yle hairy. 3-4-sided ; thosé of the disk mostly by © compression 2-sided; ithe sides roughened or tuberculate, somewhat hairy a at 3 the summit. Pappus nóne, or an obsolete denticulate crown.— Chiefly an- nual s scabrous ‘or or strigose herbs; the stems erect, diffuse, or procumber = be s s opposite, serrate or nearly entire, lanceolate or oblong, feather-veined, jor sinwhat wi ed. Heads on axillar or geminate, or ter- s EE xin e * j EPUM ary . and ternate, peduncles. Flowers white. Anthers wan Juice g} c ae y ù * r ba Pi it | | " ái and » Louisiana ! vi fe: ordinary form. June-Oct ad n ms 1-3 feet long, alid e E EcxmrA. T * œ COMPOSITA. 269 du , ty 7 E. ere a — moré or -— MP throughout with closely ap- pr essed rigid hairs ; stem erect, asc r decumbent ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- ancola acute or atte eem P4 tegi. end, spa aringly or obscurely serrate ; scales of the involucre acute o i : iss - length of the head.— Linn. / mant. x 157, (pl. Gronov. &c.); Lam. ill. t. 687 ; Pursh, fl. 9. p. 561 ; DC. uso T$: 490. E. y EUN. Micha. ! fl. 9. p 129 ; moni l.c. ; Ell. sk 29. CILE sina alba, 254 spec. 2. p. 902. Eupatorio- E dieron A) Dill. Elth. t. üt: f. 137. Sca- - Diosa conyzoides &c., Pluk. aln. t. 109, f. 1. Amellus Carolinianus, Walt. T. D. m afigea lanceolata, Poir. ex B. brachypod. : pedicels as long as the heads, or about twice their length: LE Us bch y pod; Miche. b. ts (but the corolla of Aie disk 4-cleft !), scarcely 5 < an of streams, ASE in damp sandy soil, Maryland! and Rer to Florida! and iere ERES E gi (Also at E dde Sound on the N. W. Coast, accord to De Gand olle.) 8. Maryland! Kentuc dvi at the base? Heads small; the fost ers rathér in ome Chaff of the oe Pe fringed. In all ‘the gcn. from us localities hi a ined, 3 v dependence ean be placed. plant pg has the pedun s5106 times the length of. the head Nu e.hav n East Indian ucibus of E. erecta with the ‘peduncles as short as in E. achy poda. P » 4 Tug IV. ui ac Less. t ^" $ Heads heterà amous, homogamous, eterocephalous (dece or monccious). Style (in the aou flowers) cylindraceous above branches inear (somewhat thickened or convex 72. ae Receptacle ch haffy. henia cial i rae P i PT ronifo; orma-toothed. * pee Sims — Heads monecious, fidíate; the rays de ciduous. dicens not atef obcompressed, or winged. Pap ppus of two teeth or short awn » ILPHIUM. Achenia a winged, in more than one series. ms £ BrenLANDIERA. Achenia wingless, one adhering to each in 75. E ese Achenia wingless, free: pappus Saw squame Ta SER Div. 4. Panne. QUE e monecious, radiate : rays marcescent. Achenia 3 not a orticate, obcompressed. ka 76. eer Achenia 5; their ye margins united at the base with the i chaff of 2 contiguous sterile flow ; Fw EU Div. 5. Iver. — Heads monecious, not radiate. - Athen searcely usine > T. gar 0m Heads e Panonie, bracteata: the central ine » . 58. Iva. Heads bracteate. Kee chaffy. Flowers glabrous. : o". Picrornamnus, Receptacle naked. Ache Lu Dio. 6. Altpnosine -—Heads heterocephalous; the sterile and fa raj lends i in o? difiiront nt plants, not radiate.” Anthers e t ne Fertile involucre 1-celled, 1- lowered, not spinose demi Fertile: ese 1-4-celled, spinose; the sterile 8- Fertile inv re 2-celled; the scales of the aW e E a 2 * t * TA rete henia and corolla woolly. js E x Lj " : * * : MErAMPODIUM. COMPOSITE. x 271 . c - Div. 1. MELAMPODIE®, DC.—Fertile and sterile flowers in the © ... ' same heads; the former several, ligulate; the latter central, tubular. Ache- : = nia corticate* (that is, invested and concrete with the scales of the involucre r chaff of the verepiacte): Pappus none. Anthers pud: 80 o oye. Linn; Gaertn. fr. t. 169; A Br. in jr i » | trans. 12. p. 1 04. Heads many-flowered ; the raygflowers 5-10, in a single series; those of the disk sterile by the abortion, of We style. Involucre double ; 3 the up ` of 3-5 flat and spreading foliàeeous scales; the inner as many as the flowers. and enclosing their achenia. Receptacle convex or PARERA . ehafty; the chaff. Ves damp. - deciduans. yle in the sterile-flowers . undivided and hairy above. Achenia of the disk abortive ; of the ray ob- ovoid, smooth, slightly curv m cse by the inner scales of the involucre, which are often rugose or tuberculate, or cucullate at the summit, and either * truncate or produced into 1-3 teeth or -awns.—Herbaceous or suffruticose (chiefly Mexican) plants, with dichotomous stems, opposite m leaves, and terminal or alar peduncles bearing a single head. Flowers peiie the r rays rarely = two species ?) white. » E soph, 4M. Sois ra i (DC.): stem sigh p eee much branched, ~ >» glabrous; leayés linear, deviens with somewhat apan apo entire, or “remotely dentate-lobed or sinuate ; pe edun sc longer than the leaves; rays : ee, ont (yel OW); exterior ord of the cigar ov cent externally; the interior in volving the aehenia, tuberculate at the base, ? the eskik expanded into a broad hood, w ith a a do orsal uncinate acumination. : d DC.! odr. 5. p- 518 P mh Berlandier ! (v. sp. in herb. DC.) Me Yu thea - M. c mri vis coi much branched = - base, strigose * + ugho a with min pe Tent numerous, wer gH near- scien. obtuse, entire, Hil et ispi ve; pe- uch longer than the leaves ; rays oval- oblon 2, un cse thrice the ipd of the ovate and hairy exterior’ E of the ‘involucre’s the inner enclosing the edi us tuberculate-scabrous towards the base, dilat ed above Into a short sm hood, truncate at the summit, with the margin e and” të exas, Dr. Riddell !—Plant 6-10 iaiclied high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, ewhat canescent, above with hispid, peus with weak hairs. Ray: ani on haff Ch summit.—Nearly allied 10 (and y tinct’ M. oe DC., a Mexican species collected I by Botanic, Ju so for having white rays. = C,cCrherteert n v f f — E. Divna Mise ifi EE, DC.—Fertile and sterile ie in the sam d » ^ heads; the former few, ligulate, or sometimes tubular and 3-cleft ; the latter 4. ceittral, tu ular. Achenia not corticate, (that i is not coherent with the scales phe ox * E d and defined b De Candolle i in this lace. "Rm he Halopsides ind as employed this author he o terms those. sigma cor- ticate in which the exterior cc overing z (ealyxtube) is s separable from the interior. * is $5 * d Ed i979 . ; COMPOSITE. T MELAMPODIUM. of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle when invested by these), or vinnm Pappus none, or coróniform. Anthers united. -` Baltimora recta, Linn. ds s recta, DC.) is a native of the coast of Mex- ico, and not of Ma ryland, as -— s supposed, eing eed r es S ing 9 na du om Pluk xen Chrysanthemum Americanum, ca , ampliori foliis eon c. Pluk, mant. p. 46, t. 342, f. 3% Which Ad belongs to Ver besina Sieges S s j i $ n 4 «40. BLENNOSPERMA. Less. syn. A 267; DC. prodr. 7. mant. p. 288. Coniothele & Apalus, DC. # Heads m many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5-10, in a single series, iem the elliptical ligule obtuse at the base and articulated with the ovary, entirel destitute of tube ; those of the disk numerous, tubular, sterile by the abortion of the ovary. Scales of the involuere 5-10, elliptical of oblong, membrana- ceo-herbaceous, nearly in a single series. Receptacle at length convex, not chaffy. Corolla of the disk short, with a much dilated 4—5-lobed limb. Anthers oval. Style in the fertile flowers with short obtuse branches; in the sterile capitate. Achenia (of the disk none,) of the ray oblong, terete, nar- . Towed towards the base, caneseent with pulverulent papilla (which when moistened open at the extremity, or by 2 valves, and emit 2 long filaments * , "m of extreme tenuity, soon forming an apparently gelatinous mass equal ina i thickness to the achenia itself), destitute of pappus.—Annual slender and ~ somewhat branching small herbs (Chilian and Californian), with alternate Ge zc -parted leaves; the branches naked and somewhat pubescent above, d mostly terminated by a single small head. PUR disk-flowers, s ion n yell ow pee are ; i Wo / d. B. ifornicum : scales of the pei and iid 7-10 ; a seri * tile apetalous cadum rcm. with the rays; branch = of thetatyle T the E 4 flowers oval, flat.— Veo cem Clirmica, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 93 Hook. heirs bot. Beecheg, suppl. p. .. . , California, Douglas !—Plant 4-6 He high, slightly pubescent when i Eis Bevond the cha cters given above, the Californian de scarcely diff , except in the rather fewer disk-flówers of the latter, the linear-oblong branches of the fertile style, and the dVsdeudy ip ee achenia. In both, pe QUUM ray is immediately sessile the * ; and when it falls off s a round perforation close to its se. The only distinction of any ui ric consequence between Blennosper. d " Coniothele is entirely unnoticed-b Candolle, and may s € = iie but if it prove a pe poe — it will be d to pre ~ of Coniothele for the section. It >e in the presence of a DA E fertile flowers ray actly antes to them, except that, igule, they bear a minute deciduous Spo which repre- rti These apetalous flowers we e in Californian specimens, but do nét find in the Chilian i ucture of the papillæ of the achemia, ~ : some other Compositz, = Jep D a e * -* T à ; PorvuNia. COMPOSITE: . 273" 71. POLYMNIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 174, f.2; DC. prodr. 5. p.514. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (5-10 or more) pistillate, in a sin- gle series ; those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre in a double series; the exterior about 5, large aud spreading, foliaceous, ovate or lanceolate ; the interior smaller, membranaceous, partly embracing the fertile achenia. Receptacle flat, chaffy; the chaff scarious, lanceolate or ob- long. Corolla of the disk inflated above, thin and pellucid, with 5 short . ^ teeth. Style in the sterile flowers 2-cleft; the branches hairy. Achenia glabrous, destitute of pappus; those of the disk abortive, terete; of the ray thick, obovoid, slightly compressed laterally, wingless.—Perennial (Ameri- can) abba, usually viscid-pubescent, with an unpleasant odor. Leaves - posite, or sometimes alternate (at least the uppermost), large, dilated, m branaceous, variously angled, lobed, or cleft, ofien with stipule-like appen- dages at the base. Heads paniculate-corymbose. Flowers yellow or + » §1. Rh ys inconspicuous, shorter than the involucre. oe o (Alym- nia, Neck. Polymmiastrum, Lam.) a : 1. P. Canadensis (Linn.): viscid-pubescent; leaves petioled, opposite ; * the uppermost alternate, deltoid-ovate or rhomboidal, often 3-5-angled or _ lobed, or somewhat hastate ; the lower deeply pinnatifid or lyrate; involucre exteri s 2. 1; Miche. ! fl. 2. p. 147; Pursh! fl.2. p. x PR f * 451; Daring X Cest. us 476; DC. f p rodr. e $555 F. "variabilis, Poir. dict. 5. p. 505? Tur astrum, Lam -sides in shady sieh we a streams, Canada! and Northem States! to the mountains of Carolina! and west to M uly.-Aug.—Ste > 25 feet high. Leaves very thin, pale ose Heads small: Pu very pale yellow or ochroleuco j $2. Rays HN much longer than. the insure —Polyoaete (Palyuaia, ass.) Mey d ag 2. P. Uvedalia (Linn.): scabrous hat hirsute; leaves -= Opposite, triplinerved, broadly ovat De dela? the lower large, nearly ; as broad as long, palmately lobes: and er — narrowed into. a ` sinu ed; olucre slightly pub and viscid; the EOS, scales obla dall obtuse, ciliate, many tutta ie reer than the: 0-14) ovate-lanceolate acuminate interior ones ; ye i li ) , thed at the apex, thrice the length of the inner scales * à * involucre.— Linn. ! spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. ; Lam. ut. t Ti ; Michz. ! p t 2. p.147; Purs r. be. EU Ley; Beer lec.; DC! prodr. 5. p- 515. Osteosy rmum Uvedalia, Linn: spe . (ed-.1), p. 923. Chrysanthe- GU rna plsiapi ste &e., P luk. p- t. 83, 4 3. Cc. perenne Vir- 8 nanum, &c., Moris. hist. .—Stem soil, iev York! "and uem (rare) to. Georgia ! Lonis- ; Misso pre ne-Au grooved and fo €— Lower m about a foot sm $ = » > L3 * SY x E Ld a * ^ F sg ce ae ovaries in 2-3 rows; naib ug dik tuba. 274 " COMPOSITE. rer "fide: ; the wis of the peiiples sinuate or pinnatifid.. Heads large; the tage an inch long, 10-15 in on bright yellow; the corolla of es disk dull s ^ Achenia large, st 72, CHRYSOGONUM. “Linn. ; Gerin. fr. t 174; DC. prodr. 5. p.510. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 5, pistillate ; those of the disk sterile. Involuere double, each of about 5 scales; the exterior foliace- ous, oblong, longer than the disk; the interior chartaceous, roundish, con- -cave, embracing the fertile flower in its axil. Receptacle flat; the » linear rent to the base of each inner involucral scale. . Corolla of the « disk cylindra- ceous, - 5-toothed. Style in the sterile flowers hispid above, undivided, or - sometimes 2-cleft at the apex. Achenia of the ray obovate, obcompressed, a4 4-angled, somewhat convex on the back, enclosed in à scale of the involucre; of the disk linear, abortive. Pappus small, coroniform, 2-3-toothec d, and divided to the base on the inne r side, persistent.—A low tomentose-hirsute ' perennial herb, nearly acaulescent when it begins to flower, producing seve stems, some of which are erect or ascending and floriferous, others prostrate and stoloniferous. Leaves opposite, or clustered at the base, on long pe- ‘tioles, ovate or spatulate, crenate. Peduncles solitary, simple, naked, at first — at length elongated. Flowers bright yellow. C. Virginianum (Linn.)—Lam. ill. t. 713; Gaertn. fr. 2 p t. 174% gie ts Ar pats Walt. ! Ov ep hr; Miche. ! fl. p fu "Punt EU? sk.2. p C. Virgini amuna & ose his DO.! l.c. i Chr rysant themum te ems at length 6-12 inches hicha ayi ort before the | heads expand, often keca the leaves become ratlier glabrous, pa Div. -8 Sine IEE, | De EU. and donde flowers in bed same heads; "the former (3-20) ligulate, the rays deciduous: the latter numerous, central, tubular. ar. Fertile achenia obcompressed, sometimes winged, not corticate, uen of sear poii 2-toothed or oe Anthers snl i. fr. t AS Se, han t t. 262. the ray-flowers numerous, numerous, pistillate, th the rd 5 $ E » T y^ ne —* AE wee TE E igisi ot E e w ” zl > Sturmum. , ` COMPOSITE. («+ 275 : d sterile. Involucre broadly , al ; the scales ap presi at the base, more or less spreading or loose and foliaceous at the summit, imbricated in several series; the innermost (those next the achenia) very small and chaffy. Receptacle small, flat, or somewhat turbinate when aah the chaff linear, ` flat, or ightly involute around the sterile ovaries. Corolla of the ray with an elongated spreading ligule ; of the disk cylindrical; the teeth very short, somewhat thickened and glandular, often pubescent or hairy externally. Style in the sterile flowers undivided, much elongated, hispid. Acheniaof = the ray broad and flat, ‘Sbcompressed, imbricated in 3+4 series, surrounded with a wing, which is notched at the sum mit, and usually confluent with 9 callous, subulate, or somewhat awn-like (often nearly obsolete) teeth, which represent the pappus; those of the disk abortive, slender, with an obsolete coroniform pappus.—Stout perennial herbs (natives of the United States and + Texas), mostly hispid or scabrous, with a copious resinous juice. - -Leaves alternate, opposite, or verticillate, entire, serrate, or lobed. Heads (large) - corymbose, panicled, or solitary. Flowers yellow. ^ $ d terete, virgate or nearly naked : leaves. large; alternate, or radical and on - E Nes ften sinuate, ^, lobed, or iis parted. : ili a Squarrose acuminate appendage ; achenia or = ula r-obovate, with a manifest and "d wing deeply eerie, — spec. 2. P. - "up £ . 5, ; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. E: Xa 145; = rsh? ji. 3 e 577 ; Jacq. f. P A t 90; PCl i Es 512; Ke. an. to bot. mag. 1. p. 99. (ex iu E, pinna S spicatum, four. dict. se .157. S. gunimiferum, Ts B. cauline E. umerous towards the [ck cde ad thé stem, sessile , . and clasping, ofan lanceolate, a ere -pinnatifid. trairies from Iowa! Wisconsin! Missou of! ! d and, Ohio! to Pod tucky! Alabama! mene: ^y gm as! and T B. Prairies of Ala-. Den, Me Bu ckley! J SI SOUL Todi thick. Plant jing a a colon -y d i i and n muc di - apres A Lower leaves 19-30 in «ACA <8 gee i Tanod ; ie ments na and rather ppg thi 2 inches in in d diameter, mnt ang the rays, which usually oded the pe the idea ro with large very white atir hn metas Am Suid pont le ches 1 diri bi iy oc vith an Ov; po oes not however n i 3 ae ' S. laciniatum, which varies gone J in- -foli EF an this variety the Incisions p eoe dm half-way to the mid- " 2 aie d les glab lea Ed. em di .): stem 3 peduncles gla rous; Jéaves ong, mostly cordate at per) base, sharply se rrate-toothed, ¥ Am. x ipt ud > € inc i^ T i ay OS es rd NL £v t7 ^ rt ua s.» * E " ó ^ & be $15 - * M. CR - FR " a . composi, e — Ay. s T N i" Sein leaves ovate, subcordate, AY m ‘and doubl ly toothed. Ea: ine barrens and open sa s; North Carolina! to Florida! aha lent teighe low e kA ug sle phe g simple, paniculate Or cory mga at the sur mil IR i Co or 4 small petiolate ook towards. the base. sually Dido fhan lon oE a ü s ely conte this s terete te or-abscureh y irk. "T a — alternate, opposile, or I 2 * uo 2 wafroquendly prescht ali ariations in the same plant. : z^ m. 3s lanceolate, usuall TOW, wid. or acuminate, remotely denti country ; f . more common towards the'moun-. lorida, Mr. Croom! Dr. Cha. an! d PM —Stem 2-6 feet " ifoliatur n TL. j; us and glabrous, often gl T« PE st ade x n E y x ld E rous, especiall the Aere on ie short hispidly cae “oe ioles, ternatel opposite y or qui peapael; strict, the fand coryr or panic le; sc scales o f fe fpe clliate Mr "uie acute; the interic r broadly oval, obtuse ; t | l 5 are P gus beg (when ol n ere or 1 , e8SSeparating from). the subulate y dem — Linn. spec. 9. p.9 (excl. | E y re 335 Dx S. wn. terna- me cm itis xa e. Dui 2333 ; hy ti (id - em atum & S. trifoliatum (at gb pari Dc! (T ct ite ^e 146, ae i i4 or t aves M sm d + À rple amd gla y woods = Nu Ohio! Et! 4- 6 a E ance so isi ; rad d ssile; the lowe her broad w ings produced at a into P 6. S. dent tum (Ell): stem'usu cam orhirsute-sca- -Ț : brous to s m on 5 leaves vu or ovate-lanceolate, acute, irre- y an othed, sc " PE oe E e x x^ * 278 s + COMPORIT A. . Lm B. lower leaves op: the upper Mine but approximate in pairs, on © short petioles ; all ovate-lanceolate and e . stém somewhat hirsute or hispid ; “Tower leaves opposite or alternate, C Cra um, DC.! prodr. phil. soc. l. c urti gia, "elliott ! Dr. Boykin! and Alabama, Mr. Buckley ! paar eaves 3- ide ; than in S. A cus. Achenia with n which are very slightly produced at the apex, which is kerm ai eei ee slightly em ene: minutely ciliate, some- tim minute Cei rudiments of the or teeth.—This plant bears se Mach re semblan o the smoother form of S. Asteriscus, v varying also like that spec xe oi eit cs glabrous or hispid gemi, and with the leaves slightly, or very coarsely and sinuate e-incisely toothed, that we can only dis- i e inty. ia: and hence we should have hes- itated to consider it a distinct pene had not different states of it been so re- garded by m De “Bil e, Mr. Curtis, &c., apparently without reference to the achen We expect es this character will yet prove incons Eus that all the varieties will be included under S. Asteriscus. AA . S. Asteriscus (Linn.): stem terete, ipid; leaves oblong or osi lan- et irogulaly and often coarsely serrate - scattered teeth, scabrous- hirsute both sides; the upper alternate andl sessile ; the cli mostly oppo- site, often tern ernately verticillate ; the lowest on Mns hirsute petioles ; heads - solitary or somewhat corymbose ; scales of the i ous, ciliate, bsc exterior hispid-sc md us, ovate, acutish, the e large and obtu: a 0 & 3 e = TR cae D Va Pw o Ag S teeth.— Am Pursh, l. c.; Ell. sk. 9. p. 469; DC! ! prodr. 5. É 51 rone-Solis, &c., Dill. Elth. b 37, f- 42 ac Pe levicaule (DC. ! 1. c.) : and pe. the peduncles smooth and, glabrous or nearly so; lower pens , often coarsely toothed or sinu- scabrum l S. As- , ate-incised, tapering into paio les.—' : , Walt. Car. p. 217. ae ges scabrum, Nutt. 2. p. 183? y sandy soil, «inia! p Florida! and Lobiandb comm - Ste 9-4 feet “hig . Leaves very scabrous above, less do idend ES. £ from broadly lanceolate-oblong to rather narrowly puc from toothed. e erately winged; the subulate teeth often pue way $ eni more or Che fioe the wing, sometimes projecting beyond it, but usually er. E ES. ie (Pursh? = is — and glabrous; stem terete, «aso opposi "Bu ve; | eg coriaceo e, lanceolate-oblo ong, acu ute Or ininate .at both ends, rem ispi lower tapering into margined petioles; the uppermost pleny sessile and ob- . tuse or even slightly cordate at the base, often entire; heads —— ina _. loose co: qua nia sis ori va narrowly winged, emarginate and slightly ips at "ihe vigatum, Ell. sk. 9. p. 465, not of Pursh, ex char., but pe Dabiy i te iar ollected by Enslin. Eger western part of Georgia anges &c. a. and Alabama, aly- Sept t—Stem 2-3 feet high very shi —— S. eeke Me except that t it is arge, with 12-15 elo: dnb the achenia not more t agri the size 3 "et js in " . T » a * Á * $ * » c sunt ~ |o» Suemvs. —— * d COMPOSIT E. 279 is t ri faerie surely i is aoe found in the ow E nadie é of Georgi ta though there is ome reason to suppose ita native of pu western jim ha- nies): but the plant may have been described from the mere summit of the stem of this s species for which, as it is certainly Elliott's qas we. have retained the . S. scaberrimum (EL): stem Wien: vue diia eni don pere when old ise es smooth when ng); vie what pm rigid, hispid-sc kim ou to di: dius the uppermost neatly saat dui entire, “the lower aga jito petioles, denticulate or rate; heads few; sca ee of = Ris -2 gre ciliate, squarrose-sprea nw ing, the exterior acutish; ach Pes ree) 0 petite very gpa winged, haere, cleft E the summit 446. e spid, at leas en you eaves r ea t MEN... the solitary. uppermost sessile, the cali petioled ; p ai often ; Y: hispid and scabrous ; leaves bera wem lanceoate-ovate, 2 d and alternate, nearly all sessile; heads what panicled.— perrimum, - compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 99. E — Nutt. ! in DNA Amer. 41. Western disuiPts of Georgia, Elliott! lind Alabama, Mr. Buckley! SA Ma Y. Louisiana, Menor d,) ph Hale! Arkansas, eter bed REA Au —Stem stout, 3-4-feet high. Leaves very ro this EM Seed of the upper surface, oe from ica sacpilies 47 as TA or larger than those of S. Asteriscus; the rays numerous. Mature achenia half an inch long, the wing a dm rapta Ttt broad, often with a istinct callous tooth.—A distinct species, remarkable for its very rough leaves and aes rounded achenia, es — in its aa and allied rifoliu to S. o^ apis (Michx.) : stem quadrangular and striate, eas don: E ous, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, with a s subcordate sessile and partly cl pig pee tapering to atf acute o entire, ot sparingly den- ticulate, a upper surface and margins very scabrous, the lower closely sca- __ brous- ent or often th; heads in a close dice corymb; ` the iterate peduncles short; scales of the involucre rigid, hat Irose ; ior o te-] * 1 «ve stem ecd lower surface of the Y ici Adi even the Sianc s and involucre smooth.—S. lævigatum, PE ak, Le? 2$ speciosum, Ni "1 3 s ri phil. soc. loc. ains, i ri! and Deo! = of Arkan- © ge a p T BE 5 ua iB jet} £e "ed 7 8 HH E F od ong.—T in the same locality, and also oon cultivated, the stem being sometimes — strongly Eus but not cate pee is d smooth: the leaves are =» " í usually Very gue rous above and closely sc -pubescent beneath; but “3 . Occasionally the lower surface is rough like the upper, and dum n entirely 4" "a ti. Phe Lo médias Sui in habit. - Ea | sd * d - what foliaceous and cucullate upwardly 280 COMPOSITE. Surm. © ? Hz + * * Stem square, at least below: leaves all opposite, connate, either directly or by winged petioles. 11. S. perfoliatum (Linn.) : stem stout, square, | the branches often nearly terete; leaves large, ovate or ovate-oblong, thin; the lower ovate- -deltoid, _ coarsely toothed, on winged connate petioles 5 ihe upper often nearly entire, connate-perfoliate and forming a concave disk ; m trichotomous-corym- bose, the central on a long peduncle; scales of the involuc re ovate, Obtiiles yo 3354. S. tetragonum & S. scabrum, Mench. s connatum, Michz.! fl. 2. .146. S ice "ii the stem, bapi es, involucre, a ee ves and glabrous, the leaves somewhat o (S. perfoliatum of au ; sometimes a scabrous above, and minutely and softly pube ton i sets or wit stem hirsute or ab nce atle ast above, with deflexed hairs, and the ‘dives often hairy (S. co , Linn. mant. p. 574; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2332 Pursh, fl. 2. p. 578; "Do. iP iie r. 5. p. 514): a sta i scales of we ei larger and more foliaceous is S. conjunctum iia , enum. o the achenia, these are frequently obcordate-em d extremities of he wings e de rounded and niot at all produced (S. erio. m, DC.! l. c.); or these are produced into ort E o or triangular kal (S. Hornen anni, DC. ! |. c., which, as to NUR &c. is interme- diate between S. pecie m. & S. connatum of authors), or into sharp lobes producing a oe narrow notch, as is represented in Schkuhr, ha ndb. t. 262. e. Auk so bos as scarcely to admit of being distinguished oh le cams, ee qu NT and Ohio! to Kentucky! Tennessee! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States! July- Sept.—Stem 4-6 feet high. Leaves 6-19 inches long, 4-8 broad; the radi- cal somewhat cordate, on ded ceu genio ; the emper connate either by a wh hes ti very broad or somewhat narrowed b » eren. e branc sometimes iigjoined- Heads large ; the rays 1 —Cup-Plan hrocaulon (Bernh. in Spreng. syst. 3. p. 630): “stem donee. glabrous; Me a pposite. late, acute, Se ser iy does thed, very seabrous; the winged petiolés ' perfoliate; „Scales of the involucre hicks nile ET also seems to be a variety of S. perfoliatu p 3 k : W BERLANDIERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 517 ; De Less. ic. sel. 4. t- 26. Species of Silphium, DC. d: authors. + dide ray-flowers pistillate, ligulate, equal in num- a volucral scales (5-8, rare & their axils ; those of the disk tubular, sterile, the receptacle, two of which are adherent to the base of each inner scale of the involucre and persistent, the others borne on the m and depressed summit of the small somewhat turbinate receptacle; the central flowers ôe- - ly somewhat abortive? and with narrower chaff. * Scales of the . lis acre foliaceous, in 3 series; the exterior 3—4 3-4, oblong or oval, second 4 L^ mostly obovate; the innermost (usually _ 5-8) : * af Fool A el um 12), and situated ig part ‘losed by the so ! dilated and obtuse chaffy scales o # à F idal, membranaceò-chartacegut, reticulated. * : E: E x sea jx E E ni, S - y -* a ; " > q Bervanpiena. COMPOSITE. 281 T Corolla of the ray with 2 an oblong subsessile spreading ligule; of the disk cylindraceous, 5-toothed; the teeth hairy externally. Style in the sterile flowers undivided, elongated and hispid above. Achenia of the ray in a sin- gle series, flat, obcompressed, obovate, wingless, not toothed of notched at the summit, E -nerved on the outer, one-ridged and canescently pubescent on the inner surface, each more or less stron gly coherent with the flat involucral scale to which it corresponds and falling away with it, partly covered by the ad chaff of the two attached sterile flowers ; the pappus of 2 minute and caducous setose teeth or short awns : the abortive achenia of the disk linear or Ree ye. with an obscure coroniform pappus.—Perennial canescent or velvety-tomen- tose herbs or suffrutescent plants (natives of the Southern United Venet t Texas, and Northern Mexico), not resiniferous ; with mostly solitary (middle- sized) pedunculate heads d ot the terete stem or paniculate-corym- = eee nches; the involucre and summit of the chaff usually canescently | pub Leaves emn cordate, ovate or oblong, and crenate, sinuate, or fiis na, thin, veiny. Rays yellow, jübeacsnt externally. of the disk and anthers sprinkled with reddish resinous globules. This genus, although well- Vati in ger is imangs i distinguished from Silphium by its single series of wingless , adhen the large interior involueral a scales; and, includi nee it does all p^ petens se ul indica nt sp of Silphi à it leaves that Sene is bet ter defined in habit and-character. It is dolle, who E ed the genus esi a Texan Pale and cere rs in all the speci re cc. in all the. Wers, we suspect that De Candolle Ls aped istaken for abortive p H i ies, fron he corolla vs es = early peri —Since our account of this genus s gue red, Mr. Nuttall, w M cae new genus u ese plants, adop ur suggestion the i but with the appen ded pesas sion of Silphiastrum. His B. Je -— ix; kewsir: is doubtless the original B. Taa - B. Terana (DC. ! l.c.) : herbaceous (suffrutescent DC» rascal and Peia bikie with jointed often purplish hairs ; leav obloug-ovate, cor- date, simply or r doubly crenate, minutely hispid-seabrous ger canescent ly pubescent or hairy beneath; the lowermost petioled ; the — ioe i ses- . _ Sule; heads somewha corymbose.—B. longifoli ia, Nutt. ! in ans. ans. Amer. E “Tn woods, Texas, Berla estern Arkansas, Nuttall 7 B. Now 0 Oris dae non = Móst ofi re specimens. rom ..Dr. ets bid a ipen ose) have the rive sess es and. i Pe pon m parry with. ppt kaia (colored by the deposition s TTS. ~ but the upper leaves are all sessile, as in De C ceolate-ovate, an inch or an inch and a half in length ; grim ! ein d but those-at the base of the stem are about 4 a ies ong oue, very like those of a Betonica, doubly and ugly crenate, on petioles XR VOL. 1.—36 ie » 282 ; COMPOSITE. à A = 2. B. tomentosa: iic aa stem softly canescent with p appre Rawat ctt r1 ly tomentum, simple or branched; leaves ovate o r oblong-ovate, green . and minutely pubescent im peius and finely tomentose beneath, crenate ; the uppermost cordate and sessile; the lower ones petioled; heads in small corymbs, on slender peduncles. —Sil ilphium tomentosum & pumilum, Pursh, jl. 2. p. 579. S. reticulatum, Pursh, l. c.?. Polymnia Caroliniana, Poir. ; - 7. E rect or ascending, simple or sparingly brane pif heads few on Reigate deed pedicels; leaves mostly obtuse; the lower oblong, ‘often d yae d d toothed at = base Silphium pumilum, acute a Michx: ! fl. 2. a diari: st 15: V 2. p. 469; DC.! prodr. 5. S , Nutt. | G12. Eein era pa y and, with the rite vec of the aN brio clothed w very white fine tomentum ; heads more uote, corymbose, on shoes potuit B. pumila, Nutt. / l. c y. stem scii branched, at length scarcely tomentose ; upper surface of the leaves one ione Dry pine b is and plai ns; @ Georgia! to Florida! . Akon e tall! 3 cen Drunno nd! y. Western Louisiar na, Dr. Leavenworth ! — arying from scarcely a foot to 3 feet high. Leaves 13-2, ‘the e lowhitketten 3-4 inches long, and 1 to 2 wide. Pedicels and involtiere to- entos ien o 1 e u re founde We adopted the latter of these pe » because the plant, although Me for a Silphium, i is one of th e of the genus to which we have removed it - B. incisa: E Bor » Priati: i lane necis rai mostly petioled, sua and very irregularly incised and toothed, deeply sinuate and pinnatifid towards the base the r a nd teeth short, obtuse ; heads w lly solitary terminat- ed peduncles. Si ianum, Forr-! hiu 2» erg as to the. Spit due collected by Dr. James; but not the Florida E pore Nox ; On the Arkansas or Pina: Dr. James !—The specimen is only the upper portion of a stem, or perhaps a branch, clothed throughout with a very fine and close whitish velvety tomentum ; but the upper surface of the leaves (2 inches or more in length) less canescent. Except that the stem is. leafy, it * idera bly resembles B. lyrata, Benth. ! pl. Har tw., which is, however, quie distinct ffm this or ‘the following species. B. subacaulis face t leceent: nutely oe single 2g sglacaule, Nu (t. s -L c. Silphium Primate, ” Nutt. P Sill. jour. 5. p. 301; DC.! prodr.5. p. 512. S. Nuttallianum, Torr. ! l.c. uM sine short, at ipis bathe: Teaty bel below ; radical leaves oblong ; the. oblong-s e, somewhat onec vie ; all obtuse, lyrate, or spať- ingly sinuate, or nearly undi vided ; aati es terminal, very long. , East Florid: / ES D. rrows ! ub lee He L Maret ; rather rough, particu ately svat pia ones "with an oblong * p a LI TE Ey globose. and the two adja chaffy scales, but at Jenahak | inga pa, S hy exterior eoat (calyx-tube) is se 3 * BrntASDIERA. . 2 COMPOSITA. 283 vided terminal lobe. Scopes or peduncles, slender, 6-8 inches long. Head arge as in B. toment 75. ENGELMANNIA. Torr. § Gray, mss., in Nutt. tags: Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 343. Heads E ey the ray-flowers equal in number to the inner ‘scales of the involucre (8-10), and situated in their axils, aie pila ; those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated in abo 3 series, coriaceo-chartaceous, broadly oval or obovate, appressed, rà exte- rior shortest; all abruptly narrowed. into a foliaceous lanceolate or linear” spreading appendage, the exterior exeeeding the scale itself in length. Re- ceptacle flat; the chaff persistent, chartaceous, with foliaceous and hai ‘tips, partly involute and enclosing the sterile flowers; the outer series lance- or vie two firmly adherent to the base of each inner involucral scale ; e ol rs very narrowly linear, rather obtuse. Corolla of the ray with an ob ong exserted sessile ligule; of the disk dilated ‘upwards, 5-toothed, the teeth somewhat hairy. Style in the sterile flowers u undivided, hispid. Ache- nia of the ray equal in size to the concave inner involucral scales to which they are applied, oval-obovate, obcompressed, ‘convex and carinate external- ly, flat or concave and Ma on the AN seitens potisténp not winged or toothed, crowned with two l scent squamellæ, which are more or m united at the base, hispid and fringed ; those of the disk filiform, abortive, with a minute coroniform pappus.—A pe- rennial branching rough : and hirsute herb, with branching stems, corym mbose- paniculate at the somit, and bearing several rather small heads on sendet peduncles. Leaves alternate, strigose e, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, irr - larly pinnatifid, with the se egments lanceolate or linear (the lower longest and divaricate), sessile; the radical petioled and Sums” „Rays yellow, t = deciduous, pubescent popali 1 9. i Oh the Canadian, Dr. James! Red Rive “tans etal | Dred Lea- ven s, Drummond Pl ant 1-3 feet t hig aves i È : Taras he involucre sabe "he base of the prea crum bó the base of ihe invo lucral separat es without kx sd par Dis. 4. Ranch , DC.—Fertile and Sterile flowers in the sam heads; the former T ligulate, - ery or marcescent ; gom “latter c central, tubul Fertile acl ressed, not corticate or ee "usually with a callous margin. Pappus none, or 2-squamellate. x y united. Te & ae . " Ln 984 E COMPOSITE. | è Parruenium. @ + 76. PARTHENIUM. et: Gaertn. fr. t. 168; DC. n 5. p. 531. * * Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5, pistillate, fertile’ somewhat jo = y 5s p scurely ligulate; one in the axil of each inner scale of the involucre ; those o the disk tubular, sterile by the abortion of the.style. Involucre hemispherical, in a double series; the exterior ovate ; the interior nearly orbicular. . Recep- tacle conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with membranaceous chaffy es, which are dilated above and somewhat cucullate, partly sheathing the flowers of Uu disk, tomentose at the summit. Corolla of the ray very = short, obcordate, persistent or marcescent; of the disk tubular, somewhat dilated above. Stamens inserted towards the base of the corolla: anthers” ney slightly united. Style of the sterile flowers undivided: the branches of the e style semiterete, obtuse. Achenia (of the ray) compressed, oval or obovate, smooth, surr ed by a filiform callous margin, which is firmly coherent at the base na the involucral scale and with a contiguous d scale of the receptacle on each side, at length tearing away from Pappus 2-squamellate, or somewhat aristate, sometimes nearly nc Ubi Herbs or suffrutescent (American) plants, somewhat various in habit, canescent or hi hirsute-scabrous, with alternate undivided or 1-2-pinnately cleft leaves. Heads corymbose-cymose or panicled, rarely solitary. Flow- ers whitish. À ; vt ae F o, ^ d Sy p $ 1. Pappus of 2 very small and slender or awn-like squamelle, sometimes obsolete: perennial or suffrutescent: leaves toothed or somewhat incised, un- E em ASTRUM, Dill., eu lowe ioled, often: at ose i base ; ts ali Satoe, o» corymbed ; exterior scales of the Savehiane somewhat enis penes Spec. . * — 2. p. 988; Lam. ill. t. 766 ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 147; Willd. hort. Berol. t. ' 4; Schkuhr, handb. t. 993; Nutt. gen. 2. p. Ell. ! sk. 9. p. 474; DC. l. c. Partheni i bii. Lu (2205, f 999. Piar- mica Virginiana &c., Pluk. alm. t. 53, f. 5, & 21 9, ry soil, Maryland! Virginia! to Alabama! cad 4 t to Missouri! ^io cr and Texas! July-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet E Lower leaves 3-5 inches ioa ng. Heads crowded, about 4 lines in diameter; the scales closely appressed. Rayi diapers €. " $2. Pappus of 2 oblong obtuse menbranaceous TE root annual: leaves bipinnatifid.— Ara rrocux: ve DC. $e d : $ 2. P. Hysterophorus (Linn.): hepa and eet canescent, ; se ig gee or dies iet "ue usly bipinmatifid; the upper- eA heads Avery 1 pe scales of the ES 275 ; Hook. enis, Ber- e hay / * e X bts mag. i TM ) ram > C. S pete Pw Cav. g Là +. E d » & 1 + ee- ‘ P * COMPOSITAE. E 285 Also a native of Mexico and the West CP A resembling those of & ` Ambrosia artimesizfolia. ` §3. Pappus of 2 oblong-lanceolate membranaceous squamelle, nearly the ~ length of the short truncate tubular corolla : cespitose, dwarf: heads soli- tary and nearly. sessile among the spatulate-linear canescent leaves at the . summit of eadh division of the eli neous caudex | oii on tae Nutt. and crowned vith the vell of former eaves and with a tuft of White | iet ; . leaves densely tufted, entire, silve nescent ; corolla of the sy = * © exserted, truncate, slig ghtly Peter ir: —Bolophyta alpina, Nutt. / in. trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 347 In ue Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Pla tte, in about lat t. 499 aoe rocks at the summit of a lofty hill, near the place called the ^ era an c * wide, tapering into short aolas p -nerved. He ads rg among the leaves, about as large as those of P. inte Vd c ad: entirely similardn structure ; except that the rays, if they may be so called, a ecce s weed tubular, with an obscure emargination anterio: rly and posterio orly. N e pap- pus, which escaped Mr. uttall’s notice, consists ce. oe ovate-lanceo- | late or dana ag is ony Riese or tooth on each “aed beoe perhaps withers away as achen ens. Excepting the h nicum, ie , we find nothing M eri to distinguish «this little plant fous pi : yond the more reduced corolla of the ray. gt ET Div. 5. Iver, DC.—Fertile and sterile flowers in the same -heads, all * : Wt. tubular, or the former rarely apetalous. Pappus coroniform, 4-awned, or_ ^ none. Anthers approximate but distinct: filaments wt towards the base of the corolla. Style of the fertile flowers mostly 2-part ree - OYCLACHENA. Seman ind. sem. hort. Franc. 1836, p. 4, § in Linnea, 12, suppl. p. 78. (Polygamo-subdicecious ; the barren plant SHular to the fertile, but not ertilizing its ovaries.) Fertile and sterile flowers in the same heads; the - former 5, in the axils of the inner scales of the involucre, with no corolla ora mere rudiment ; the a 10-15, with an obconical 5-toothed corolla, (near- ly destitute of proper tube) ; the central’ones abortive. Scales of the flattish hemispherical xima usually 10, in 2 series; the ex exterior 5, ovate, n what ‘acuminate, thickish, herbaceous sithe interior dilated-obovate, trur nc membranaceous, at nee loosely wrapped around the achenia. RéMpu- cle sm all, flat ; ji chaff linear-spatulate, usually wanting towards the cen- - ited, tipped: with an inflexed mucronate appendage. owers deeply -9-clefi, lineaf, acutish; in the sterile wir a m ndivided, a a at the apex. Achenia obovate, obcom- turgid, not margined, glabrous, entirely destitute of pap- E [end staminate flowers with no rudiments of ovaries.—A tall adin coarse 4 itt & wu E 2» E - les cw ih. * 3 "n Ld A T i sd e s Nc " w " ; E "- e j ; ioe è i w re o 286 COMPOSITA. * ' æ CYCLACHENA. * E * T i " . Y. d " . annual; the $n simple and more or less branched at the summit; they, leaves opposite, ovate or subcordate, acuminate, doubly or unequally serrate, . 3-nerved, hirsute-canescent or pubescent. beneath, * somewhat scabrous, on long petioles. Heads small, greenish, ebracteate, sessile and often glomer- ate, disposed iu compound terminal and axillary spikes, ee a Inr a an i en as / C dant hii ifolia (Pr resenius, l. c. )—1va deg p B e 2. p. 185. I. Eon s) xanthifolia & paniculata, Nutt.! in trans. er. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. In alluvia l soil, Tones Missouri near Fort Mandan &c., Nuttall! Prince ta Neu-wied (seeds from which the plant was raised in the Frankfort Botanic Garden) to the Rocky Mo aes Nuttall!—Scales of the involucre some- 2 k ries what hairy externally and ciliate, diens as long as ne isk. Ova minutely somewhat hairy t te summit when young ngth glabrous; > the corolla duced toa minute ri ng surr roundin ing the babs : ao “style. DM are not v that the plant is truly polygamo-dicecious, since the styles w 1 uttall considers the Qd panh we apparenay pee ;.the fer- ti aries of Iva ae ae at firs nall lik but int is M the inner involucral e also proportionally Be rrey in size, so as to readily overlooked, i SERY they have been by Mr. Nuttall. We have ; fe men Fes a plant | cultivated in Mr. age s garden, exhibiting the bad a som onstrous state ; the of the fertile flowers fre- quen ;3 or 4, and thse of r. ks erior sede 2- cleft; the ‘former showing an a eonia. ; thee he disk-flo AR -nerve ed; “the receptacle towards the margin fu amish Pih dilated aod somewhat cucullate chaff; while in the wild plant the c aff is burg nearly p ie wanting.—E xcept- opposite leaves, this pla as the habit as w a as the inflor- many of the characters of daniele DE [^ e.Less. ie. 4. t 238); d A , indeed, it might be deemed a sec that bend -prove t e an inner series of Edere scales, mun to ia whick ie Drtssutad 1 in the ach as one of the palez of the' receptacle. " v8. IVA. tae ; Gerin. fr.t. 164; DC. prodr. 5. » 529. Fertile and sterile flow ers in the same > heads; the former few (1-5), mar- ginal, with a small tubular corolla; the latter-several (7-20, rarely only 2 ot 3), witha tubular-campanulate or infundibuliform 5-toothed corolla. Scales the campanulate or hemispherical involucre 3-5 in a single series, and of- ten more or less united, or 6-9 and imbrieated, usually ovate or orbicular and somewhat fleshy. Receptacle small, chaffy ; the chaff linear or spatu- late. Anthers sometimes with a mucronate inflexed appendage, distinct or arly so. Style in the fertilé flowers deeply 2-cleft ; nches linear or -subulate, one of them often imperfect ; in the e pue undivi- 1, usually with the apex radiate-penicillate. Achellia obovoid, somewhat ruber adit wholly destitute of pappus; the sterile flowers with rudimen- tary ovaries.—Her Whcpotts or shrubby commonly maritime (hern plants. Leaves opposite saute upper alternate, often thick or fleshy, 1-3- . Heads solitary or ternate in the axils of t he upperdeaves, or of fo- : ope uci ae or spicate raéemes, deflexed. Corolla green- s c HE OX E * * 5 " y k Ying! i " we ; s " LI Doha s "e; | COMPOSITE. E Ty 8 1. Involuere Es -flowered, composed of 3-5 distinct and nearly 1-seriate, le e y united scales. " LÀ 1. I. ciliata (Willd.) : ‘annual, hirsute or m reed d OPPO, site, on gamer hispid or ciliate petioles, ovate, sely an regularly serrate-toothed, scabrous above, softly Pahsicnt. or r slightly canes- * cent beneath; Eee iat ones ovate-lanceolate ; spikes dense, elongated, »paniculate; the conspicuous lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate bracts and the ^ (3-4, distinct) roundish unequal scales of this involucre, hispidly Rebus fer- tile floxere mostly 3 ; chaff of the receptacle came orm.— ww spec. c. 9. ursh, fl. 2. p. 580; DC. l c. l.annua, Michz.! fl. 2. p. not of Es. Arosa 2 lva) Pitcheri, Torr. ! "mss. (in he rb. "Hook.) ; | Wed compan. t : p. 8. bracts Blas iod ich elongated, ciliate only near the base.—Ambro- : sia Pitcheri 3., Hook. F. Swamps and moist Macs. Pairs and od Missouri! jo 1 Louisiana! Arkan . * sas! and Texas! common Oct feet op coarse end weed-like in appearance, with a the habit on an. Abr Leaves 3-4 na long. Spikes 3-6 inches long, numerous; the band eve id (ind. many times longer) than xe deflexed almost ses i“ ae ‘the involucro 3, rarely 4 or 5, very obtuse, unequal. flowers x m ti when Bos ng; the corolla isa dery rune cate. hele ipe penicillate 3 ed freta ipe. ): shrubby, nearly Bee mach branched pu VA da the upper ones alternate, little ko m or lanceol £4 w pat scabrous, Coail and sharply serrate ; the uppermost, or b: ine- d ]-globose, somewhat pe rin pairs in the axils of the. bracteal leaves, forming foliaceous paniculate x rae emes ; scales of the involu cre 5, orbicular, Kew €— ferti e flow- cha —Lin - ers 5; chaff of di seeeptacle linear-filiform i hy spec. 9. «p. 9893 Watt. ! Car. p. 3321 Los: ‘ll. t 6. f.2 If. F p.184; ween c ; Pursh! fl 9. p. 580; Ell. x 2. pu; "Riad. Jt. ed. 2 DC! -CO eed dide shores of large rivers near the ocean, ? Massachu- setts! to Florida! and Louisiana ; common. Sb aguas a ripe 3-8 feet i h high; (A Ln annually dying down to r the ground in the Northern ` States. Lea a grex hue, sometimes ternate. Heads recurved, greenish. Corolla 1 e fertile flow very s aall, 2-5 toothed. pieta pecies,— Mar. arsh | when young ated pi. resinous db as in io ue sx I axillaris (Pursh): much branched from the somewhat ligneous E. covered with minute appressed hairs or nearly glabrous ; leaves alter- anc base, sessile; * P- 743; a. T 185; Hook. ! fl. Bor-Am. 1. p. 309, t. 106. axill INutt.! in trans. rues il. soc. a ser) 7 p. : . ee aap sa xu il "i bs e qoe Nuttall! Mr. bm pus "he Oregon from the Sr the rved ‘pedicels; i scales : T 4 es s W TI 268 COMPOSITAE. ~ E @. » irs of Glau ariima; | Leaves about an inch long, varying] Sele ^ - o half an s eadth, pale; the close strigose pu e (traces of . & wi are : t A visible with a lens) scarcely perceptible to the naked e pt on the margins. The invo olucral scales “nearly or quite CEU (I. axillaris, Nuit. l. c. exeladin ; Hooker) $ sometimes variably united, e: described ànd figu when it is the I. flj , Nútte lac. „But Mr. Nicollet’s specimens from the * Missouri (in whic FE are as Pien ly_3-nerved and hairy as in any * state of the species) have t "scales in some CENE united to the — _ while more commonly they are nearly distinc T. nein ala (Nutt.) : stem VEA E. virgately branched ; heals very small, nearly sessile in the axils of the n arrowly linear and fles shy ssile entire alternate eaves, nodding ; Ed of the involucre 4-5, distinct; - donis about 6, th ree of them pistillate.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. |. c. r Florida, Dr. Baldwin!—Leaves about half an inch long "s i c a we wide: the capitula hot larger than an n pin’s head. Nut ac s DA: * § 2. Scales of the many-flowered involucre 6-9, imbricated in 9-4 series. © 5. I. imbricata (Walt.). : perennial, herbaceous o or neart, y so, mostl = branches UR g; leaves commonly alternate, fleshy, pet Fer 4 ien iiti tapering to the base, edes obscurely 3-nerved, entire or den- hte ate; heads so press or in pairs in Es axils of the upper leaves, on i short Deitel, forming foliaceous spikes ot racemes ; exterior scales of the : involucre orbicular, fles jS w ith harrow scarious margin; the interior ob- =a" ovate, the scarious marzin lacerate-denti ; fertile flowers d € of = the el eptacle atu mnflt.— Walt. ! Cone 3 Bll. Leeks 2. 4 Dc. 4 T js odr. wl CES E le ae N. Camb Florida! and Louisi anat Also Key > Ribs: iens ipa oad July-Oct.—Plant 1-2 feet high, suffrutescent at the out an inc (a em orolla of the fertile flowers very small or irregularly cleft. Fertilé style divided n ed or quite Ciis linear, rather obtuse, o e of them ager zabor- Ste rile S. d. me by tho fertile branches ae ; of the barren ones cuneate- nus | ser- LI RA the plgpt h has an Pirremeli. strong odor & honey." MM. A. x § 3. Seas turbinate, composed of 3 scales united nearly to the de ee 3-6-flowered, the fertile flowers solitary.—Monach hæna. g : ngustifolia TN — o esti : stem erect or de- : e die at the base, m nched; leaves: saei — jar apr "dm nerved, ring = bs e or somewh a de = : m subse rae Jele exed, forming form, minute Nut. ! t T lo ed. ven Wiem Louisiana, Dr. Le teemorth Rug. —Sept. amid 1-3 be and soniew vhat c canesc Vi es lo and 1-3 line idet Ost sei aceous, erra vel oon : Ez. Iwi LA «COMPOSITA. * 289 ni short, glabrous, not thickened at the summit. o» somewhat mpre ssed. "x P ; " t 79. PIGROTHAMNUS. Nutt. in trans. Ang. phil. soc. (n. ^b p. A17- Fertile 8 sterile flowers in the same holds; the former 3-57] arginal, with a very small obliquely truncate and obscurely 2-3-toothed corolla ; the latter about 10, with an infundibuliform 5- toothed corolla, inflated at the sum- mit. Scales of the depressed- -hemispherical involucre ‘about 5, orbicular, distinct. Receptacle flat, naked. Sterile flowers destitute of ovaries; the 7 + abortive style entire, with a radiate-penicillate summit. Style in the fertile ote flowers | deeply 2-cleft; the branches subulate-linear, glabrous. Achenia d obovoid-oblong, terete, entirely clothed, as well as their uud and the tube of thesterile corolla, with very long and tortuous woolly hairs.—A low rigid suffruticose plant, with the habit of Artemisia, inest FER We sa E much branched ; the. branches spinesc scent. Leaves small, sje. / or “crowded, petioled, pedately or 2-ternately divided. Aa i ci in short and somewhat loose racemes or spikes; the rachis p t and spinescent. J Flowers pale yellow. P. desertorum (Nutt. ! 1. c.) a be TA Arid deserts in the Rocky Mountains, towards Is th ¡north sourc Platte, Nuttall P Plan bier vo the taste f- whence the name), 4-1 hi — Nuttall ires ly refer pd Et le s. next to Clibadium : but the eads a accord , except in the naked rece dod cle, = the woolly hairs of : e v achenia nd corolla. hes Divas" A mew SIEE, s —Fertile and sterile Dm in different headson the same individual; the former (1-4) often apetalous ; the latter tubu ar Scales of the i involucre in the cae heads’ — into an pe or | oblong persistent cov rin ing € ge including J HMrvvsuu often prickly or spinose. 'appus s none. Anthe rs approximate, but OA or my slightly nde filaments inserted at the base of 2 - "Ebo. AMBROSIA. Tourn. ; Linn; er^ fet 164; Schkuhr, handb. t. 292 ; DC. pr 5. p. 524. Sterile * occupying the upp pi p pEr fertile at the base of the ra- : 3 or spikes, or in the axils of the upper - . Sree de ^ * > Ha attish, Pun. , or séimewhat iios. PREE, $i : anie maai naked, or usually w -infundibuliform or turbinate, 5-toothed. Anthers tipped with a Moos pero inflexéd appe pendage. none or rudimentary : abortive style included, minutely fimbriate or radiate- . Penicillate at the summit. £ Fr. Involucre globose-ovoid, oblong, or tur losed, ly ner d near the summit with ifs ber mg x. $1837 ; “i das m7 2 " Li dirum, We cid ES " F d * - x i. 4 2 ; m aw © Š, COMPOSITE. Amprosia. à cles or horns ii isle series, 1-flowered. Corolla none. Stamens none. " Branches of th sty le filiform, elongated. Achenium ovoid or obovoid.— is Herbaceous or y suffrutescent weed- -like plants (chiefly American), with opposite or alternate mostly lobed leaves. Branches: terminating in racemes Sd or spikes, which are simple and. sterile above. Sterile heads ebracteate. a Fertile heads clustered at thé-bas For the sterile spikes and bracteate, or ses- - es in the axils of the upper pe Corolla whitish. vB * ing, De Candollg ie. cae E Franseria from Ambrosia by the cha ff y re- sepace ri the sterile flowers, the presence of an abortive style, and the echinate fer- tile involuere as in Xanthium, which petes in Franseria proper ($ X iopsis DC.)1 ^x o be 2-4-celled: but that genus must depend upon the latter characters alone (at least so far as the section Ce na is concerned, of which only we ha s èn ens); forall the species ¢ b we | have a sterile style, and t A. trifid artemisiæfolia exhibit the same chaffy receptacle * * nseria.. In the xican ticosa var. canescens, Ben Hartw., the : x z scales are conspicuously dilated at the summit one appears to have re- No rked the setiform inflexed appendage of the anthers i in ee viec —A. bidentata, Michx. might perhaps be property ra p the § 1. Sterile heads more or less peli bh; the involucre regular, with the margin crenate or nearly entire: fruit (fertile involucre) subglobose or obo- void.—Evamprosia. — se * Involucre of the. ‘sterile heads 3-ribbed : pcoobinde naked: fertile heads glomerate at the base of the sterile spici ne ; ihg clusters cita fnot: leaves op- posite, undivided or palmatety T E 1. A. trifida a (Linn): stem tall "A stout, hairy, rough ; leaves scabrou an d hairy, deeply 3-lobed; the lobes oval- visit acuminate, eine the lower leaves often 5-lobed ;' petiole es narro ciliate; racemes narrowly winged, n Doc fruit M rtile sot i d tarbinatessbovoid, “with a short : ed s a e illi cles.—L iamen aes 2. ai 987; Michz.! fi. 2 p. 183 ; Wlld.! specs 4+ P» WR. 3:5; Pursh, fl. 2. p881; Ell E sk. 9. p. 476; DO.? prodr. 5. p. 527 5 T a arlin, Cups p.409; Hooks fl Bor.-Am. 2. p. 26.. A. Virginian na &c., : B. ih 2 foras AA ves rate or oval-oblong, acuminate, someti mes the up- am and, often 1 the lower ones 3-lobed.—A. integrifolia, Muhl. in. W illd. ! j ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 580 ; C. lc OW * grounds and along streams, Canada] ` Georgia ! and west to Lovie E^ rkansas! Aug.-Sept.—(1) Sterm 4-sided, 4-9 feet high (some-. umen] according to Dr. kin), branching above, Leaves aa e. i; cruel of the ey s heads with Mon z dark purple radiate ribs, Rn oak they side farthest from the axis of the aceme. Corolla g er hite. -campanulate, Eon Mera atthe base. Fruit 4 a B long.— may ot unsightly ple re. lias fertile emes de in the = es pue P pinnatel: y cleft or parted, al- j a A TWIN petioled, ae thick, bipinnatifid, me you ^. (California, ex d P + LI -ANPROSIA. — , COMPOSITH: — E NX hirsute-tomen e on both sides; spikes few, the terminal one 1 ongest; receptacle of sis neis are chay 3 fruit d» ertile doses a obovoid, villous when young, unarm C.! prodr. 5. p. 525. Sea-shore, Key! Wes Mr. a Mr. Blodgett !—Whole plant some- what hirsute-canescent, 12-15 inche b be leaves bipinnatifid,; the ering stems erect or ascending, itr Maus at the en yu leaves rid s high. * ultimate s gn nen ee disses the uppermost oce woes ternate, often sim apiy a pinna the segments linear, entire I b Fertile involucre ~ with aoi: 4 obscure inflexec teeth near An summ 4 3. A. ar. VY MAR A (Linn.): annual; stem sparsely or rather de sely e or pubesc s panieulately branched ; leaves bipinnatifid, ive d ose-pubescent, s imos st A ora s above, paler and frequently somewhat Sis escent beneath ; the prennon simply pinnatifid; the lower opposite ; ate, ; acle o r bow: Doe flowers naked ; fertile heads solitary o or glomerate along cad lower part of the racemes and bracteate, or in the axils of the ee leaves; fruit ob- ovoid or subglobose, ooy p rm armed with € 6 short ae 2 spines or cath: — Linn spec. 2. p. ; Lam. ill. .1; Wil spec. 4. p. 376; Ell. Sk 2. p- 437 DG C. prodr 5. eng dide. A. elation Linn. ! l. c.; Willd. ! Les eo f 9. p. 581; Eli. l.c.; Bigel. Bost. ed. 2. p. 343 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.- i p pose Ths Sl. Cesi: Spe 479; DC.! i.c. A. abs ynthifolia, licha. B. cau line lea: aves 1-2-pinnatifid ; those 5j the v? dun nearly s aree the uppermost lanceolate, pe or somewhat lobed at the bas ge a phylla, Muhl. » Willd. ! spec. 4. p. 378; Pursh, l.c. z T ^Y. fertile heads glomerate in nde anly of the leaves and o d aon ort axillary branchlets or spikes, a and. mo rece or r paniculate ; the sterile aen es very short. ô. less laicos: fruit e. jeter smaller) with the spines orte very short or obsolete.—A. paniculata, Michz.! 2. p. illd. l. c.; Ells 1. c.; C Le ; Hook. lec. partly ? Iva monophylla, Walt. ] Car. p. 232. and pastures, roadsides, and waste ace Canaga ! ! to Florida! a troublesome weed in cultivated grounds. rn. bot. pe Jul Sep —Stem 1-3 or 4 d; the; Dry fields Louisiana ! d Texas ! often e L nam e io Hoge onopifolia : annu ual? canescent- strigose, at length much hanke, . As co E m ied rigid; the u[ lanceolate«or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; deeply and somewhat remotel mn or incised; the ten opposite and somewhat bipinnatifid, on gined pe i Spicate racemes , the erect shally ^: heads so r some ^ veg ed at the base of the steri e axils. of "the upper leaves; h foisted, hairy.—A. hispida, 6, E a of Pursh. . | to Devil's Lake, Mr.» Nicollet D -Sept.—Stem erect, 1-5 - high, often with very closely PT hairs, both sides p sprinkled with Suec dpt globules; th «e segments rather ^ ant, ading, oblong or lanceolate. Steril mes or Spikes p ali TCI. = preceding; the eer =g c4 5 -— a $ P : *ogo € C COMPOSITE. Amprosta. £ larger: involucre r hispid. Chaff of the at sag filiform. Mature fruit twice as large artemisiefolia, pubescent towards ies summit, obscurely Sink gala es "ibi bits, entirely destitute of Dui or horn - longistylis (Nutt.): annual, scabrous; stem mE x poa . leaves pinnatifid ; the segments oblong-linear; bracts entire ; ferti e flower - axillary, conglomerate, with exceedingly long styles; fruit cornute, spiny g the summit; sterile flowers about 30, in a slightly toothed involucre; the * vai gy Pasa tae paleaceous; cusps of the anthers filiform. Nutt. ! in il. soc. l. c. p. » ocky . Mountains: allied to Franseria, Nuttall !—Plant irga T § 2. Sterile heads closely aeia densely aggregated ina cylindrical sessile spike terminating” the or branches: the involi tur binate, truncate, _ the inner margin ues into a long and conspicuous" lanceolate, hispid, : ~ decurved. or cucullate tooth or RAM: receptacle chaffy: fruit (fertile — “involucre) oblong, 4-angled and somewhat prismatic, solitary y or clustered in the axils of the lanceolate closely sessile 1-nerved leaves ue dept cies . A. bidentata (Michx. ): annual ; stem hirsute with R. ^ ER the la simple; leaves very numerous, mostly alterfiate, hirsute or hi spid, partly clasping, commonly with a short spreading lobe or riva eed on each side near the base, entire above, or rarely remotely serrate, acute; sterile spike squarrose with the recurved very hispid appendage of the ` Etetucteis D "d B z d 9. pai — m S eo = n Ó hs ` [s] =| 3 oy t pr [e] B wm £5 n B £u lem o Ee T Piar Stem eet high. Leaves 1-2 inches lon ng. Serio pede very dense ; the appendages of the involucres, which are twice or thrice the length of the involi itsel i ra tile heads nume ec minutely ubescent, when mature about 4 lines long, including the rigid RP oi pna horn oF nim: Achenium conformed to the cavity of the ucre. EV TOM HT ful Species T E 4 Ey. A. cat oen): canescent-hispid throughout ; ace bipinnatifid, pe vsu, incised; racemes terminal, somewhat paniculate. Pursh, fl. Supp South Carolina, "Pag AS det ue wem E foot high: flowers ES "s n A. trifida. Pursh. é losa (Nutt.): perennial; stem low; o px the . lower sors white e ren ntose; spikes solitary. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 186. f Upper ; 1-2 feet t high. Nuttall. S o ce 81. FRANSERIA,- Cas. i ic. da t. 200; Willd. hort. Berol. t. 4 DC. Pe ‘ * Sterile heads occupying the upper portion, the fertile the base of the ra- wp cemes or spikes. SrExrLE Fr. Involucre hemispherical, composed of 2-12 united scales, 15-20-flowered. Receptacle“flattish, chaffy; the chaff uliform, 4-5-toothed. Anthers tipped with a mu- ppendage. _ Ovary ı ortive siyle included, 4 ;* sy B AT » OS enserra. COMPOSIT A. | 293 radiate-penicillate at the summit. FERTILE Fr. Involucre ovoid or oblong, closed, covered with uncinate or spinescent prickles (composed therefore of numerous pluriseriate united scales, each tipped with a prickle), 1-4-celled, with asingle flower in each. Corolla none, or a radiment appressed to the Stamens none. Branches of the style filiform, obtuse at ec Ead e [1] roy inl paan © the summit. Achenia oblong.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent (American) ib plants, with alternate coarsely toothed or lobed, or 1-2-pinnately- parted leaves; the fertile heads somewhat aggregated at the base of the sterile sae T or racemes; the evolution of the latter mey centripetal ! Sterile heads ^ wn R^ * Mu i, * d $ y Ferdlé wollte Qeelled) armed with qu MAN. Auer DC. ^ > + Perennial or suffruticose. Sli -~ 1. F. Chamissonis (Less.) : hi inis -canescent ; stems détibnbeni stout ; R ; leaves roundish-elliptical, crenate-toothed, M arrowed into a long petiole; involucre of the d usely spicate sterile hea 0-12: oothed, hirsutes i dg o rate and . Chamissonis a. malviefolia, Less. in Linnea, 5. p. 507 ; B. cuneifolia: leaves oval or elliptical, taperin ud i -nerved base into a long peuso] the upper often po toothe d Es ido neifolia, + * Nutt. ! in i ans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 Coast of California, Chamisso. : p. Mo ath of ^: ‘Oregon, Nuttall '—Stem (ligneous at the base, Less. ; succulent t, Nutt.) - 1-2 feet long. oly ties marks that one of hi divid " and in Nuttall's specie they are sometimes incised ; so that the | following * uu as it appear s, may not be distinct.. tfid Qt): herbaceous ; ; stems decumbent, ihk i fruc rt an -Nutt. ! : - Chamissonis 9. d sva cp ess. |. c. 7 IO. ! Lc. Sa crease k. fl. -Am. , as to spec. from N. W. Coast? (but r spe cimen has no flowers. ; Jie of California,very , common, Chamisso, eue Nuttall? Koik, Scouler ! va < 3. F. ila (N tte! l c. Ay y-canescen yw. on long peti tioles M aap aids the im ate të segments near-oblong, crowded sterile involücres thed, a * : "Scl Diode, | California, call /—Plant 4-6 inches QUEE Spike not em Serted beyond the leaves. We have not seen the fru T Nutt.! l.c.): root creeping; leaves itereupely bipin- gern e dues Hex osely canescent-toment ose benea' th; a _ Subovate, acute, confluent on the wide rachis; stem ave "with the later br nches decumbent ; sterile involucres about 5-6-toothed. Nutt. > ae .. Rocky Mountains near ‘of the West. A very remarkable Lu ces h bescent. Leaves ~ »8ud distinct specie ovn out a span anes m e^ tly pu fruit’ o Cwhh' arte tline, putr 6 inches lo EU e flowers few: fruit 1 Es ae i i ave not seen = fully voie y flowers, nor the — | y ; A 3 - SA , " a. - E. a x LI | . P 4 * o .- ¥ i á A d» ^s S» T Us COMPOSIT E. 2 FRANSEBM. D Ea AR E ; E j A LJ S EM Ai EE Lo x (ue t * Annual. (Ambrosidium, Nutt.) rd hii v $ Het Q (Nut.)- : much branched, T e a ; stem scabrous and more or hirsute ; leaves bipinnatifid, with few oblong or somewhat de segments, strigose-canescent; race Notting sterile involuc cleft, ge lowered ; E Mr hetiferous involucre coyered wit we or or more) ^ long ang g or flattis h spreading spines.—F. Hookeriana & F. montana, dS Nu it. ! l. c. mbrosia o Ho om ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 309. " Saskatchaw st the Oregon River, Douglas ! fenem and near the ^ sources of the o Colorado. of the West, Nuttall |/ —Fertile portion of the racemes .. often as long rile, frequently leafy at t ug ehe and partly com- E pied Sterile! a cA ga liform duse He à sf ^ en. .. 89. XANTHIUM.. Tourn. inst. t t. 252; sri ; -— fret. 1645 2 s Schlaht, handb. t. 291 ; €. Ay 4 lonterate-spicate ; ‘the spikes sterile'at "^ des Shna Fu. numerous it ebplobose heads ; ; the scales of the involucre distinct, in a sin- series. Receptacle oblong or cylindraceous, ‘chaffy. tamens inserted . a i base of eg short. aud dilated 5- toothed and somewhat hairy corolla?» anthers distinct, but connivent. Style abortive, undivided. F ERTILE Fu, two, enclosed in a 2-celled uc Or oblong “eoriace eous doka” involucre, w ich i a -clothed with hooked prickles and terminated, by Tor 2 stout eaks. r filiform. Stamens none. Branches of the style linear-flifom. Acheni solitary i in each cell of the involucre, oblong, flat.—C oarse annual peto * : with kom ae and alternate, petioled, lobed g Me leave Se suh Buordate, Lis inéised, or toothed, with no spines at thetr bap ous involucre with 2 beaks.— Euxanthium, DU. » x + Pn i ISX. Pe. S m (Linn. y ictiferoüs involucre oval, oaa pae = cent; the beaks straight (appressed or utes pis 3-5-lobed incise- ~ ataw Ty-toothed ; the lobes gem os c. (ed. 9 1400 ; Fl. Dan. ec Lam. ill. t. 765, f-1 ; nal. bot. t. 2544 ; Dc. ! gis oF d B. D HER involucre ; pobeiesct and ue bes eas, straight or sli rved ; EOS su majus C nadense, Herm p.651. X. e us. ws Moris. hist, 3. p. 604. sect. 15. p 2, 2, 23 "X. Canadense 2? Hook. & Arn. A Tages Mg, . medi š E t. 3217 ? excl. . Americ , Walt. Car. p. 231? . ,carpon. f. bait, DC AER X. strumar m, m Ell. sk. 2. p. 479? T around barnyards, &c., apparentl Blade Pit fruit a little s Fields, &c., Cm E WS T "C ^ * * - u^ D oe dl — 2 AK M. “= ae m ». f 5 z : ; ; © 3r EP i me. E COMPOSIT£. : SES S... N im ' À * more or less incurved beaks ; ; stem and vage weis stag eti goods spotted ; leaves seabrous, broadly subcordate, obtuse, i arly | tien toothed, ob- scurely lobed.—Murr. comm. Galt. 6 (17 rs P id t4 (ods ure) ; Willd. spec. 4. p. 374. X. maculatum, gr E y p. 151. . > X-orientale, Muhl. cat. p. 89; Nutt. gen. 2 in" 3 s pl. New "s York, p. 73; not of Linn. sos esci “DC. I — .5. p. 523, in bot. p. 910 B. prickles of the oval-oblong fructiferous involucre stouter and less diae 1 ed ; leaves incisely lobed. ` aste places near salt water, Massachusetts £ and New York ! T: feet high. Mature fruit ‘about an inch and a quarter iene M three- - fourths to nearly an inch broad, including the slender but rigid recurv ji p spreading prickieiiiith which it is very densely invested, and which, as well . as the bea ks. are elothed with rigid Busy hairs. This i S deny e different DC., fro om the X. nacrocarpon, which has an oblong frui ry stout, ^ — suberect and scattered prickles. Murray's plant was raise seeds col- “lected at New York by Wangenheim. We have never = it e a vs tance from the se t, except the specimens of | which a ever, est a region which abounds in salt marshes These Ai Aona á ^ «X. macrocarpon, and may prove to belong to ‘that species ; but they are ap- parehily i ina stunted state. - 3449 on onved into the P furnished with spines — base: d "i eee dnvolucre with a Single beakt.—Acanthoxanthium, 5 m (Linn.) : spines at the base of the leaves 3-parted, sl id ; branched ; „leav es ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire or ewhat 3 lobe d, with the middle lobe _prolonged, acuminate, the lower © i MIR aa ihe veins of tae canescent; invo lucre, cyl al-oblong, Mee an sere bea the Pg rap ae der. yong y sr us 4797 : a jn ! the perfect flowers Often somewhat “ite gument, not fertile, rarely nome. po E & thick outer - mpresse anda discoid ; e the disk- -flowers ene k jA " we : de x " i $ i : 296 COMPOSITE. XANTHIUM. | . B6. Batsamorniza. Rays numerous, Pappus none. ae flat. $ 87. Herrorsis. Rays 258 Pappus none. Receptacle coni 88. Bi gP A Rays 6-9. Pappus none. I of he exterior invo- a re 4, oneous united towards the bas | i 89. n: EST -12.. Pappus. of numerous distinct, small. mà d rigid scales, ¥ i * Exterior involucre of 45 foliaceous scales united below pii * Div. 9. bin Loi dus sterile. Achenia never obcompressed. 305 e k " i i Y Pappus coroniform, somewhat 2-toothed, or none. EA + Receptacle conical.or columnar. tag 00. ECHINACEA. Achenia quadrangular. Chaff with a ^ vnnd cusp. <>. 91, RupsECKIA. Achenia quadrangular. Chaff navicular or c 92. Lepacuys. "maple compressed, somewhat He - dE PON Chaff trunc x H 93. Dnacoris. CN terete. Chaff linear. E-- x " + + Receptacle flat or convex. 94. GYMNOPSI 8. Pippa coroniform. Achenia enclosed in in pap 95. Mese pee s none. Margins of th nia villous. : 4 —-—-— "x * E P NES Lew ; m CEU * * Paj tiform oi medie j s * du TS ve price Seppie of 4 squamiellæ and 2 awns. Involucre Mindy im- E 9n Hevianta Us, ae appus of 2 chaffy — and often 24 squamelle, caducous. i ; Involucre imbricated. Achenia wingless å : LU Pappu us Ideerate-toothed or damned at the — Achenia slightly winged or margined. : E Actrxostents, Ag of 2 persistent awns. - Achenia acs st Dib. 3: Contorsivex. TAE sterile. Achenia obcompressed, not rostrate. Awns not cca d hispid. 300. Acanista. Achenia villous. fipa of 2 long chaffy aien us a . Cor REOPSIS,. Achenia mostly emos ; ^ fs l^ ed tec sedi Ache enia either cbeompressed or mee "Awns retrorsely hispid. . ae 108. Co SMos, Achenia rostrate. A wns deciduous. Chaff slen deri 2€ r ka WS Cosmica Achenia not rostrate. Awns persi rsistent, | Chaff sh ort and ob- . [COE E 3 Disk-corolla a deeply cleft. 3 “A 104, Broess Acheria. rostrate or erostrate. an s point pem F “3 i ; | AE e * die. 5 8 Veni diy tle, AA Achenia mostly compressed eros : è res wi exterior — 4 a , MELANTHERA. , > s COMPOSITE. 297 * * Achenia, at least those of the disk, compressed. 107. SPILANTHES. huge. ps CMM Appendages of the style truncate. Rays deciduou s, often 108. Lirocn Ta. Rece ice ike Achenia ms es the angles, and with chaffy or es EETA teeth between the 109, Verzesina. Receptacle flattish. Achenia disc Rays s few or none. pose ilia ance. d Receptacle convex, Achenia of the disk 2-awned and winged, . f 7 a Dry soi il, S. Carolina! to onda! and me ae ray wingless. Rays nume t11. Sanviratia. Receptacle convex. Achenia of the ray 3-sided and 3-awned, ` of the disk coropreased, scarcely awned. Rays persistent. thera none), ligulate. Achenia never obcompressed (that is, flattened) paral- lel with the scales of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle; the exterior integument (calyx-tube) thick and firm, often separable from the interior. Pappus "Sy or EN frequently toothed or with. one or more rigi F (COS “ Rohr, in Kiob. nat. hist. selsk. 2. (1792) p. E. 213” ;* Cassu in e. phys. 1893, DC. prodr. 5. p. 544. ci Melananthera, Michz. d-c. * Heads discoid, many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales m of the involucre in a double series, nearly equal. Receptacle convex; the persistent chaff partly sheathing the flowers.» s Teeth of the corolla papillose. Branches of the style hispid above, ‘acuminate. Achenia short, compressed- quadrangular, or sometimes triangular, truncate at the summit. Pappus of 2-18 rather rigid scabrous caducous bristles or awns.—Perennial herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent (American, tropical) scabrous plants, with quadrangu- lar branching stems. Leaves opposite, or rarely ternately verticillate, pe- , tioled, triplinerved, t toothed or serrate; often 3-lobed. Heads ternate or soli- t = cled. Corolla white. Fag black with whitish jor teh *. : eee ida papa! oT pili r.5. p. 5 lobata i ja d E Cass. ome c. 99, LE. 485 "Wee pha tata, Michr.! fl, 2. p. 107; Pursh! fi 9. p. 519; Ell. sk. 315. Fasc nivea, 8. & y. Linn. us i Eth. t. 49 & 47); Walt. Car. - 17 à E Pasnew asia, F di u Cuba, La Sagra, ex DC.) Jul Sept t.—Stem 4-6 often beautifully marbled Or spotted. nd van able in form, Nice en ed and deltoid-ovate, either er deeply or slightly hastate-3-lobed, or somewhat panduriform, times undivided, acute or. Ee Epigyne ous disk or noe rather con- ie of t e- i i E ebd E ze I i VoL. 11.—38 ! : ae ae J A a uf e cci a d + E ge * ^ ey E +4 us r * È I , AM E i us : M E > Be siis " " ud E p» es e? è Div. 1. HELIOPSIDEE, DC.—Rays pistillate and fertile (in Melan- ` # Li "e. 2 wp = š > a, : 298 : COMPOSITE. MELANTHERA. - 2. M. deltoidea (Michx.) : y leaves Procite, ovate-deltoid, undivided, or obscurely angulate- lobed, ca canescent-scabrous; scales of the involucre ovate; chat = the receptacle somewhat membranaceous, obtu ucronulate.— DL M. urtiezfolia, Cass. OM anthera deltoidea, Micke. l. c. (note.) M. Tirai, H. T ^ud K. Bidens nivea, Linn. l. c. (a. excl. syn. Dill.); Swartz, obs. p Calea aspera, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 583. K "d Florio, Mr. Blodgett '— A common species in the West Pat xL a ` 84. ZINNIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 172; Schkuhr, handb. t. 252; DC. . Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre imbricate; the scales roundish or oval, margined. Re- ceptacle conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with oblong conduplicate , chaffy scales which envelope the disk-flowers. Rays obovate or oblong, coriaceous, reticulated, persistent, continuous with the summit of the acheni- um, or rarely somewhat articulated. Lobes of the corolla of the disk densely velvety-villous at the summit with colored hairs. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers terminated by a hairy somewhat capitate cone. Achenia* g nearly wingless ; those of the ray somewhat 3-sided, mostly destitute of pap- " pus; of the disk compressed or flat, 1~2-awned or toothed, rarely naked.— Annual (American) herbs, with opposite mostly sessile entire leaves. Heads solitary terminating the branches, showy, persistent. Rays purple, orange, ^: searlet, or greenish-white. ~- 1. Z. multiflora (Linn. ) : stem erect, ching, somewhat hirsute ; — scarcely somewhat petioled DE closely Xile] ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles longer than the leaves; the apex PY of the central one) hollow pem infla ted or obconical, striate; scales of the campanulate involucre appressed ; les obovat | achenia of p X with a single aw a. DC. — Linn. 2) 2. p. 1200; " d P. buisana. W illdenow. Carolina, Bosc! Alabama, Dr. Gat ! Key West, - Mr. Blodgett! Texas, Drummond! Sept.—This is doubtless a native plac at least in some of the above-cited hae o ~The specimens accord, with. the cultivated plant, in which also the leaves are often closely sessile, and the species is probably: as De Cando lle suspects, not sufficiently distinct" ue ora, L?n he rays are purplish in all our po while in that of Bosc (in eh DC.) they appear to have been ye ellow nis Z. ous eave a utt.) : perennial ? dwarf; ; stem much branched from fimbrates ser.) 7. " 348. . Rocky FU aus Dr. Jam BU very distinct and m adi d * Stem somewhat hirsute, scarcely more than 5 inches high. Leaves about an inch long, 2-3 lines. dis Rays three-fourths. of an a, wide, appearing. cordate at the base : nati orange. Nutt. —The plant is minutely leaves-are impressed-punc - 4 s D © be its — ^ A * E xi ğ : eae 2? "56 Wrvernta. COMMA: 299 n" 85. WYETHIA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. po 7 E 5, (1834), & in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. (n. ser.) 7. p * Alarconia, DC, 1836. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, and some- times with sterile filaments. Scales of the campanulate involucre loosely and irregularly we fis in 2 or 3 series, somewhat equal, foliaceous, as long as the disk; the innermost smaller an resembling the chaff. - ceptacle ‘Slightly convex ; the chaff lanceolate, carinate, acute, as long as" the flowers and partly embracing them. Rays large. ` Corolla of the disk cylindrical, elongated, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth nearly glabrous. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers glabrous; in the disk . elongated, linear-filiform, revolute, strongly hispid, nearly smooth on the B . with alternate mostly entire veiny leaves, and lerata solitary on owers — E back. Achenia stout, elongated, 4—5-angled, prismatic, terminated with a rigid coroniform or calyciform 5-10-toothed or laciniate pappus, one or more of the teeth usually prolonged into a rigid persistent awn. —Perennial herbs - (natives of Oregon and California), with somewhat the habit of Helianthus or Inula Helenium, furnished with long tap-roots, usually simple stems, Fd the ray and disk yellow. d ^* Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, mumerous, more or less hirsute, as well as stem and leaves : rays 12-20. we Kliniese (Nutt.) : dwarf; stem ei hairy at the ami, bearing a bsi e he y — lanceolate, sentire mewhat amicos with scabrous margins ring into à pe etiole ; desti scales of the involucre inde Mie iil térior M cedere pappus short, spe aud opt 5-10- toothed, and sometimes with a single slender in jour. acad. l. e. t. 5, Sin trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 Es * In the Kamas plains near th Flat-Head Hiver ‘towards the sources of “a E egon, in the Ore on Wyeth! Nuttall !—About a span high. Rays pale yellow. Summit of the achenium and the v anale coroni iform pappus minutely pone We have not the means of sa ag a selves whether this species suffi- ing. usta Nutt.) è stem and midrib of the — villon- irse, “ earing a single head; cauline leaves Ap" om ne tapering to the base, the low ijoled ; the radical lar, ar Tile petal-laneso- late, petioled, often sparingly serrate ; scales o f the in ri e, rsute, especially on the margins; papp of r ular stout teeth (silky-pubescent) and mos 1 to 4 stout a in trans.. Amer. hil. soc. l. c. - Alarconia heiesiodes Py dedi * p. "s iy (and therefore Tyethia helenioides, Nuit. E Prone append ea at oligo ha de elon, ook: £ fe Bor gee i i =e merca ongifolius, Hoo tapering into slender petiole eli oa en s Lh » heu EY pone ipe -— on th flu of the Wahlam e Ore e confluence “Plains of the O ej 8 rud n in low moist soil on T plains of the od near the ocean, the plains of the Multnomah, and in the Rocky Mountains," Douglas! in herb. Hook. June.—Stem stout, 13-3 LI * = è d " E à : s 4 e FS 7 Q 300 COMPOSITÆ. WYeruia. feet high, usually naked at the summit. Radical leaves a foot or more in length, 1 to 24 inches wide.—In Mr. Nuttall's specimens, we observe traces $ of the clammy varnish which is so apparent on the leaves of the var. * * Scales of the involucre fewer, subspatulate-oblong : stem sometimes branching : rays om 12. i W.a RERUM. Mt ade stem ee or pubescent above ; leaves spat- i eel, or and r dicat spatulate-oblong, entire, nearly glabrous when old, rele | at the m ase; the lowest petioled ; scales of the _ “involucre foliaceous, hirsute, especially on the margins ; achenium hairy to- wards the truncate or obscurely coroniform summit, 1-2 awn rpt more of the remaining angles.— Nutt. 7 nia vnde DC. ! : c. Helianthus longifolius, Hook. Arn I bot Bee chey, p. 1 Cali fornia, D icis! Nuttall !—Stem varying from 8 to 20 inches in height, with a very large g terminating the stem or branches Lower leaves arme more than an inch broad, wider indeed in propor- tion S X nid Vieh in the preceding, olien sont Scales of the involu- cre a ird of an inc are uncertain whether the Aerie, Teias of De addi. is ee upon an awnless state of Ay or the preceding species. E g 3 e T = c S W. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) : ooth shining or glutinous; leaves a Bn s elliptical, rather coriaceous, venose ; the radical i on short petioles, someti mes serrulate ; the lo wer cauline nar- . rowed at the base, nearly sessile; the ipee pnus Cm ping ; heads solitary; or often two or more from the ii of the upper leaves, on short peduncles; scales of d e pui lanceolate-ov s or shee: appres , glabrous; pap- I un shut i oothed, one or two of the teeth often prolonged into l.c “Belt amplexesis Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. e b to 2 feet gh. Lower leaves 6-12 inches long, 1-2 wide, ibis obtuse and somewhat obovate. Heads smaller than i in Sa preceding; the broad scales © the involucre few, barely in a double seri 86. BALSAMORHIZA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310; ree Heliop- sis) ; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 3 .. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, in a single series; those | _ of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre imbricated in 2 to 3 or more series; the exterior foliaceous, as long as the disk ; the innermost chaf- fy. Receptacle nearly flat; the linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat foliaceous, scarcely embracing the flowers. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, elongated, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth sparingly bearded externally. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers filiform, very his SON Achenia quadrangular, or those of the ray compressed, glabrous, . entire destitute of pappus.—Low pubescent or canescent herbs (natives of e plains o of See and the Rocky Mountains) ; ; with a thick fusiform dark- ) , abo ine juice, and chiefly radical leaves ; the- s oF scapes p usually solitary Me heads, which. =" ianthus.. Ray and disk yellow. and glabrous — somewhat . _ t * ve lame COMPOSITE. 301 The large roots of all the T m cooked upo — » s second section, are em- ‘ployed by the Indiis for fo t stones, or otherwise, they acquire a sweet and rather agreeable taste. N uttal, § 1. Leaves pinnatifid : scapes bearing a single kad ookeri (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : silky-pubescent or canescent; leaves with . BHi a Po outline, nate, a parted ; the segments very numerous, crowd- + sind EHE Y toothed or incised, or the lower pinnatifid, andgthe up- onflue sa scapes several from the same root; scales of the involu- ^ , tre narrowly lan eolate, gee, numerous, the ae somewhat spreading. sfc Malsaniorhiz a, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310. s ovate-lan ditio; sinuate- -pinnatifid = ae te.—Heli- ge Eon: d vitin thacea, Hook. l. (A state with the seg- ments more or less confluent, which 5 x 1 pain “of ye leaves.) _ Plains of the Ore gon, com $! siapo —Stem at first 6-8 inches, in fruit 12-18 inches high, Sr or c ait one or two p atonal or 3 : r 1 er's c are =- to èqual the stem pa pu h: the lat s the case when the flow ers E ; but in fruit the pu is much lo nge 208 B. h rsuta (Nutt. ! l. c.): somewhat hirsute, not ca nescent; Miis with an rub lanc colt circumscription, pinnately divide ; the. divis- ions lanceolate-oblong or cuneiform, pinnatifid, often 2-3-parted, with rough hirsute-ciliat ate m. argins ; penae dilated and very woolly at the base; scales of the involucre broadly lanceolate, entero, Alp closely imbricated in or 5 series. & Dry plains near the Blue Mountains of Oregon, and in the Grande Ronde prairie, Nuttall /—Leaves about a foot lon ng: Scape often entirely naked. 3. B. i ee (Nutt.! 1. c.): a. scent-tomentose throughout ; ; leaves with. an -oblo ong or r Tajo nci cireumseription, DN pe e * ; the divisions oval or oblong, entire, or with the lower margin so wigt toothed, the uppermost edb acne racked of the wo te imbicate i i E^ es; chaff of he receptacle e much p oso ege an d flow In e Rec y Mon pei i Nuttall !—Scape nches high bearing a very ag ; the rays 12-14, more than an adi long, d eep yellow, sometimes Web FACT, filaments as also in the other s species, : 4. B. macrophylla (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : nearly g labrous; leaves oblong o: rov races Led : Es divisioni lanceolate lens. 4 ntire, comers slight y bed e base, with somewhat ciliate and scabrous margins «Oe Up ; scales e the involucre in about 5 pocos lanceo- i ky Mountains, near n rcd of the Colorado of the hp Nuttall ! ! —Leaves and stem ed with minute g laudular atoms ; the segments of the n 2-3 inches E = ee an inch wide. the base, all on long p etioles : scapes bearing 1 to 3 heads: ree x md "broad and and flat.—AntoRHIZs, Nutt. pa ndi notof H. B. Sk. ) 5. B. agilta JLe):c centl tomentose ; radical | leaves dee date-hastate or niet p^ ing imide. 5 ewhat 3-nerved at the base; . * ^attenuate below: extetior x. ipa of the Ec longer er, epresdipa, Tanceolate, densely tomentose ; a 0-24.— i * # $ B v* te * [ á EM c * o . ; ee ; 302 COMPOSITE. Barsamonmiaa. L Bu E ee ei a X = p 564, € ex Á— hu. ; : Vian? dn cad. Phi 7. p. 38, t. 4. p In the y ky botas v» Flat-Head River, &c., T ve Wyeth? . ds —Head large and xen 3 to 4 d in diameter, while the pei stem is not more than a s n high. T Would + ioio (Nutt.! 1:c.): leaves dames tomentose- -canescent the e radical on very long pets oblong, fora hastate, entire, acutish, the cauline lanceolate; scales of the tom nvolucre lanceola ate, acuminate, Bhilad. D rays abou IIS Pur hds paeis INutt.! in jour a acad. LÀ r X Roc one with the preceding, (Mr. Wyeth !) to which it very i Smar; but differs, according to Mr. Nuttall, in having a smaller pes more mbiMcated'i involucre, &c. sho -— have takodithie species for the ‘Buph- m Imum sagittatum of id except that th at o d states that the ex- terior scales of the P uk are Mone rues the 7. B. deltoidea (Nutt.! l. c.): hirsute-pubescent; radical leaves on vey d petioles, deltoid-c ordate, acute, with undulate or erenate margins ; * uline 1-3, small, ovate or yan: e; involucre woolly or tomentose at m ba ; the scales in about 2 series; the ex —€— Targes, Tinear-lancedlate, foliaceous, d nier longer than the disk ; mays 2-20. Ore rt VancDuver, Dr. Scouler ! "s in wet open places es diffilhe Wahlamet, ‘Nuttall ! June. aes a foot or more in height. Rays about - amie} lo ng. ay " ; E . 87. HELIOPSIS. Pers. e 2. p. 473 5, DC. prodr. 5. p. B50, excl. $3. Heads many-flowered ; ibis ray-flowers (10 or more) pistillate, in a single series; those of the disk hes perfect. Scales of the involucre in * — series; the exterior foliaceous somewhat spreading; the interior shorter . than the disk. Receptacle Cantal ; the lanceolate or linear chaff somewhat embracing the achenia. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers hairy to- ` wards the apex, which is obtuse and tipped ea mucronate appendage- Achenia glabrous, quadrangular; or i in the ray 3-sided and convex externally. Pappus none, or rather an obsolete tr truncate crown. — Perennial (American) ,J bs, with rather large heads on long peduncles, terminating the stem or nches... pese opposite, petioled, triplinerved, serrate. Flowers é ^. yellow. - 4 a. r. Rays articulated. with the onary and at. inb deciduous: achenia 3 co DO id AED à ‘ sf * hs; Na dép nae 1. Lat ew (Pers.) : nearly smooth ae A leaves o »vate-l * late or Peng ea what dei at the het ubraptl epe Pe into the ag e coarsely s aie LM E 2. p S; Bl sk. 2. p- c. : Darlingt. 479; m. ud ; : ‘ et, E. d rl. e Busbdull m t helianthoides op Ling et hort, es 4 PES p.99 : Mic ha. . p. i130; L’ Her..s arp. t. A o. te i "Büpinum: hindi Linn. ! Ped 9. 9 oe - eyn. i v. Rudbeckia opposit tifolia, (Gronov. ) Linn. ! lec. elianthus levis, $ ed. Quy ex = syn. Gron nov, Helepta parviflora, H. grandiflora, A z > &. b. x t * Ms Hnrorsrs.. COMPOSITE. 303 gi dt à ` rper tir gas b M k:! compan. to bot. mag grac is, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. s spi Z y. scabra : Mite and oblong-ovate vens scabrous; involucre pubescent or somewhat dow mE scabra, Dunal! in mem. mus. 5. p. 56, t. 4; Hook. af Do p.3 Ban’ s of me and in: "uem soil, throughout the United States! p. Lou- isiana, Drummond, Dr. Hale! Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Alabama, Dr. Gates! fai * ye With the en ad form, ergy: in the Wee tern States from Saskatchawan to aa Stem 2—4 feet high; in var. 8. 1-2 feet, and ‘bearin g ustally a ingle aped Exterior scales o Ha parten extremely d E imer scarcely longer than the innermost, and with ned short - foliaceous tips; but often more spreading, Mind. entirely b folia and even slightly serrate at the apex, as Bos as or r longer than the disk. Be jii cle thickened and obconical S the s mmit. ays an inch or more in length, bright light yellow.—The o iE Helianthus levis (H. foliis lanceolatis . serratis lz vibus, Gronov. Ji. Virg.) is PEOS gpr Tein Hence it were to be wished that Pen had taken cific name from some : EES 86 d unite them witlmt the sateen hesitaiiis although the extremes appear abundantly different. ‘ae “88. TETRAGONOTHECA. Dill. Elth. p. 378, t. 283; Timi 552. gu prodr. 5. p. 5 Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (6-9) pistillate; those of the disk © bilar, perfect. Involucre double; the exterior composed of 4 large and broad dly ovate foliaceous acuminate scales, united towards the base into a 4-angled or 4-winged cup, valvate and reduplicate in estivation ; the interior of about 8 very small oval-lanceolate scales, resembling the chaff of the Te- ceptacle, partly clasping the achenia of the ray. Receptacle convex-conical ; : e chaffy Scales merkranaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, nerved. Soro hairy at the base ; the ray with a manifest tube ; the ligules large and broad, arsely abou t 3- toothed at the apex, many-nerved; of the disk deeply ities TES or mostly 15-nerved); the teeth erect, glabrous. Style, in the disk-flowers, bulbous at the base (above the annular epigynous disk) the branches linear, hispid, tipped with an acuminate appendag ge. Achenia ob-. " ovoid, nearly terete, thick, smooth, flat at the summit, destitute of pappus.— m A perennial herb, somewhat viscidly hairy, and sprinkled with minute resin- zx ous globules. Leaves oppo: 2, coarsely toothed, oval or-ovate-oblong, nar- s - à Towed at the base, closely , and often slightly eonnate. Hea ds large, t Bedungulate, terminating the branches. Flower pale yellow. EU * z. se s E enun "P Willd. a 3. p. . 216; en wo i thee, 7 "ig t (of Georg id, E t. 69; Schkuhr, EA A T Dry sandy nd). Yirgibia ! to gaia cand ee cet ili Made " RE x m nos sinc feet. ine terete. ime SS * * " d ice 4 à = 304 COMPOSITE. TETRAGONOTHECA. pandly and mpa toothed, or with coarse and sharp salient teeth. .Invo- lucre, when expanded, two inches or more in diameter. Corolla of the disk e , s, hairy ex Pc (as also the ms of the ovary); t z ! a 89. HALEA. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (10-12) pistillate; those of the ii disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double ; the exterior of 4 or 5 ovate folia- e ceous scales, united below the middle, valvate in éstivation, at length shorter — than the disk ; the interior of numerous (about 15) obovate or oval- er acuminate erect chaffy scales, more or less imbricated, nearly flat, m . merved, similar to the chaff of the large conical receptacles Corolla pri i? ~ or nearly so; the rays broadly oval, slightly 3- toothed, tapering and involute at the base, but not tubular ; of the disk deeply 5-toothed, 10-neryed. Style as in Tetragonotheca. Achenia 4-sided, pubescent, „with a broad and flat . ? summit, crowned with a short pappus, composed of about 20 thick and oval - distinct and entire scales.—A tall and stout branching perennial herb, some- ae when young, with much the aspect and foliage of Tetra- heca. Stem Striate, quadrangular below. Leaves opposite, or rarely ately verticillate, rather large, veiny, the margin thickly set with sharp unequal salient or laciniate teeth, all uu the rd oval-oblong, : into a narrowed base, more. or less c the upper ovate Or ovate-oblong, contate-perfoliate. Heads (her Pec on oe peduncles _. terminating the stem or ‘Branches. Flowers yellow. = y o> 4 v kal a ry: H. Ludoviciana. ; Dry hody soil, Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. cord Texas * Driwinmon d! Dr. Leavenworth! June-Aug.—Stem 9-4 feet high. H t an inch in diameter. Exterior involi ver ilis ghtly. ied A tho. tion of the seales; which are broadl ovate, obtuse, or scarcel umi- ; | acti and at length shorte aed Nat elongated iere Rays not twice the length of the invola ne a very short coriaceous proper robe jc Tetragonotheca), the elongated throat slightly dilated; the 10 nerves i os t. spohding h the sinuses. es, approximate but distinct from the aid to near the sinu 'e they erse the lobes , usu ally smaller gh ips s were Soie a h ! ins: ^ Hatea. iF COMPOSITE. ^ 305- would ctia be referred to the division Galinsogee of the subtribe Hele- ies; but its true affinity is eo with the enc subtribe, and par- eei d with —" It forms, however, a gg and very re- e genus, which we have vasi in honor of on kei its discoverers, — - Dr. eiat Hale of Algxaodits, Western Lousiana, a s botanist, who has favored us with extensive collections and important bie nie illustra- tive of the ecd of thak Te region Div. 9. Euneviantuex.—Rays (neutral or imperfectly styliferous) sterile, ligulate. Achenia often compressed, but never obcompressed. Pa p- 4 | pus coroniform, toothed, or of 1-4 awns, chaffy scales, or mmt often none. (Rudbeckiez & a part of Coreopsidez, DC.) 90. ECHINACEA. Mench, meth. p. 591; Cass. dict. ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 554. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers much elongated, i in a single series, somewhat styliferous but sterile; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, ciliate, often squarrose, imbricated in 3 or more series. Receptacle conical; the navicular lanceolate chaff terminated with a cartilaginous cusp, exceeding the flowers of the disk. Corolla of the "1 cylindrieal, with 5 erect teeth ; the proper tube almost none; the stamens * therefore inserted at the very base of the corolla. Branches of the style 1 iet . minated with a long lanceolate hispid appendage. Achenia of the ray abor- k tive ; of the disk 4- sided, obpyramidal, thick. AS a coroniform, unequally toothed, marcescent or persistent.—Perennial (N. American & Mexican) herbs ; with alternate, or rarely Ra ls 3-5-nerved undivided leaves. Stem or branches naked above and terminated by a single large head. Rays _ purple; or sometimes nearly white, 9—3-toothed at the apex, at length don: ` gated and dependent, marcescent or tardily deciduous : disk-flowers p T M Sak purple ; Fins pu of cn purp lish. | : E ; of separatin these plants from Rudbe was lake ted by Gro- de in cd and recy by Elliott, ein was not | of its establishment by -Mench in 1794.— The long and thick blackish roots are very pangent to the taste, the country, under the names of Lobelia, Black Sampson, &¢.— The disk in all 2 i species is at first- “sneer but peng and die oos = conical in fruit: marcescent vary in with age ag 3 3 a 1. Sb (Moench) * stem smooth and glabrous, striate ; ae P usually scabrous, often serrate; the radical ones ovate, about ; Yeiny, on long petioles ; thé cauline ovate-oblong or oyate-lanceolate, ea Mri 5n , ing into a margined petiole, or the uppermost a almost sessile ; scales "er : . in 3-5 series, TO: 1. 6:4 D 5 : . involucre imbrica n serie juarrose.—. Tench, c CLES i 9 ot. magz t y Sc k ^ la EU Linn spec. 2. ; cuhr, i uo te! . p. 907; 1 git. 9; Schkuhr, handb. t. 259; Miche‘! fl. 2. p.143; Pursh f 9. p 5723 Null gen. Me a p- 178; Ell. sk. 2 “p. 450; Bart-jl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 64. deni om , Americ num, &e., Catesb. Car. 2. t. 59. Helichroa Linneana, elatior. 4 amena, furcata, &e. R 02 . 8. stem glabrous or aniy 1 TUM near ee s summit leaves hispid-sca- brous, the upper ones sometimes opposite, : j JN qon a At T * jiz y A , à a Bee am Se E * : 5» d$ E 2: M _ t ES -4 n " 00 a3 x ' s COMPOSITE. a EcnINACEA. 5 em and leaves eve or PES jibki rays EM. shorter p^ : eene —E. serotina, DC. o SA purpurea f. serotina, * R. se maion, Set 1 Brit ji. gard. t. 4 ; Lodd, — t. i 509. R ispida, Hoffm., R. eiin Tiik enum. 2. p. 352, 3 p : : id-scabrous; rays nearly w Sie ks t to Genri Alabama ! mostly in the Wosters districts, and Ohio! to Louisiana! ð. Ilinois, Dr. S. B. Mead! July-Oct.—Stem 2-5 feet high. Rays 12-20, 14 to more than M inches dull purple. —The - nt pua appears to be persistent, not deciduous a s described by De a: 'The SIxpu ua Y: 3 on $ distinguish E. sero Mein d is so a 2. E. angustifolia Dc. xe Stem hispid, mostly s le, ied Ed abore leaves all lane dien ic Cele) en ien hate or spe, -hispid, cane * T ua. dd built. ipe: most tapering into. P o1. alley, aie of the short *."yolucre in about 2 series.—E. p allida, Nutt. hil. soc. n : ke. D. € (1841). Rudbec kit a pallida, Nut. 1 ie aah Philad. 7. i s 12-15, at first - often short, a ait elongated and slender, l ying we light: purple pale rose-color. . leaves crowded iowandi the base of the short. stout stem, oblong- gts ee on uer petioles, strongly ae. hispid ; rays s 20 or more, pale rose La Ux E [t] Ec [7] in Eg © 3 d oy Prd = SF eo zu A 4 EM dein, ; the lowes lanceolate-oblong, t| r BACON lance- 2 Sans stem often gle brous below; s about 15, dàr . sanguinea, L Nut! in trans, 4 mer. Phil. so PO c. (Varies MA the » leaves. almost abrous. iy Prairies and low barrens, from Bois! a PON to Alabama! Ar- + ansas! tabs Louisiana! and Texas! ng Mr. Nic "n ads smaller than in the precedir lly with shorter c Pw A om rubens seres cs linear- lane pos miN sel ww ý L xd * / wa E compost. A X. 307- jd J im: p |. RUDDECKIA, Ein. (xe ye ers "Fat 172; Cass.¢ ; DC. : "He ads s many- flowered; the ray- pei E. ina single series; those “of the disk tubular, ge. Scales ot the, inv Be foliaceous, in about 2 oer” by a very os obtuse cone, llirely with a sible Tarieding barbellate appendage. Achenium quadrangular, obpyramidal or prismatic, ` p © glabrous, flat at “the summit. Pappus none, or minute and coroniform, rarely somewhat conspicuous. alos y perennia al (North Am merican) her d with alternate leaves, and e and showy heads ; terminating the st or branches. Base E ruri usually elongated, see” ing or droo he o disk; and the me purple brownish-pur- AL 1, Disk conical or MID A pappus v E | (fone RopsrckiA proper. (Centrocarpha, Don, pexsly:) j 2 Z5 DM 2 : * Disk dark purplish-brown, dent er. conical Foprendags of the style lan- ceolate or broadly subulate i : h X = bicolor (Nut it): an nual, Hute; i ny simple, naked -— the — leaves poni MS sile, obscu inher obtuse ; the lower- oled; head ( | — Dl zi A Ne the re eptacle r: ea rot 3 pappus bin, Ae lE ij jour. acad. ~ s. Amer. soc. be i Western part of the State * New York ! 40u1s D and Texas or 27 oug igh. Raye bright yellow, tee, ME r Ead * "sog 5 | COMPOSITAE. Bo. Rudd 1-14 inch long; the disk dark purplish- docs Pappus a minute margin. Bypeuiagee of the style lanceolate or linear-subulate. (t * Disk dark purple or brown, subglobose or broadly conical : appeidáge of the - - very short and obtuse, or oin capilate, . t Chaff glabrous and very dark purple at the summit, as well as: the peas, . R. fulgida (Ait.): ee ta ah the branches, fons ked at the summit; strigose, sparingly denticulate; the 'di : : . A. t. 54; — iE ie Cest. p. 480; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 558. R. mela, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 143... R; ibl. Pers. ; Desf. cat. R. Br Ri Musik 2. p. 574. B- slender; leaves narrowly D RENE or lanceolate; heads small; seldom exceeding the disk.—R. gracilis, Nutt. ! gen. 9. t ua (& R. spathulata, in herb. acad. Philad.) R. discolor, Ell. sk. 2. (In note, instead of ** to the preceding species,” to R. fulgida, dod doubtless y- slende ; upper part of the stem and the leaves minutely stri rigose-pu- bescent ; du latter spatulate, acute, mostly entire, much attenuate at t base, only the lowest somewhat clasping ; involucre shorter than the rays. | —R. spathulata, Michx. ! fl. 9. : not of Mies nor of Nutt. gen., ex spec. in h uhl.! which eire to raco e ter, often simple ; leaves tinea or : lineaz-Iafieeolate, most- ly entire, clothed with loosé or Sprit (and at length somewhat deciduous) e id hairs. (Pubescence some h tri r: abou length of the involucre.—R. discolor, Purs 2. p. 574.—Hairs often if. slender from a papillose base ; heads large; rays exceeding the inyolucre.— = discolor, DC. l. c soil, Pounds vania to Georgia ! and oa k ; B.) y. Moun- talks of Ciro arolina, Michaux! Lincol nton, N. Mr. Curtis! Ji ( smoother dwarfish state of var. a. owing po in n ibid ô. Flori da! to Western Louisiana! and Arkans Aug.-Oct.—Stem 1 A high. d. about 12, 2~3-cleft at the apex, bados dicto rei ths love à the base in dried specimens often reddish-orange.—Rese a and rays; but generally dien aisle by the short rays, the 1 more or less icta sa xe he s t the — with a shorter. hon ; nages ays di the very short d obrdee appe the style, pd. dark abs (instead of dull purplish- brown) di disk. 4. R. apera (We ender) : stem hirsute or hispid, loosely branched ; the [Father 850 pappu f min ^ a (1829), 1. p. 30"; Schrad! in herb. DC-1 832; DC.! prodr. 5- p- a acd, fac; herb. 5 Sullivant! cat. t Oko p bri d cauline sessile, spatulate-oblong COM Feo narrowed towards the - 3. » naked above; po es roughish-hirsute or pubesc cub å y r gm * * * * ^ ^. à « EC RUDBECK1A. jia COMPOSITE, 1 309 the upper leaves p lanceolate closely sessile, with one or two large laciniate teeth or lobes on each side near the middle, the uppermost entite ; as in the wee n 7 Eeen from the valley of the Susque- . hannah, Pen nia, > Sar dwell! ; or with the upper leaves shorter and ne> arais or ips fem all xà the uppermost narrowed at the base or pe- "à _tiole ns of Pennsylvania ! to Ohio, Dr. crises 4 ot Due ^ Mr. Le! de it sprin to take the place of R. fulgi uncommon in European gardens. Aug. -Oct This is a larger pla ^ cde ian 9r fu "m = how y heads SCIES ing the 1 ong naked summit of the branches ; the b purple disk conoid-globose in fruit raps Fy of aninch long; the o blo oa É . linear rays bright yellow, a nc inch and a half long; the thin leaves 3 to 6i nches in le hit e. radical — toothed, and somewhat re- '"sembling Tice: of the commou Plant 5. R. a. (Linn.): hirsute, povisaey ie ; the branches sel | NAM leaves sessile, m s hairy ; the uppermost ovate- lanceolate, ebghtly WR sparingly ace or mE) ; the lower mostl lobed, tapering e ^ rsely serrate, acuminate; the radical on slen- der petioles, ovare or val : obtuse, often subcordate, crenate-toothed, some- imes lobed or incised ; ce ds small) on m peduncles; scales of ^ the involucre lancenl te- oup ulus, usually shorter than e (mostly 8) v or po sur ie spon xe np eg of the cii reik e abrous, lanceolate- Eos S Michx. : under t: 87. Peramibus hirtus, Raf.! in ann. ngs (1890, )p B. pinnatiloba : slender; earliest radical leaves mundi -0V vd ped cw sometimes lobo the others irregularly., pinn with the lobes sh obtuse: lower cauline leaves pinnat S ndi pr pat the upper 3-lobed or ‘entire heads small.—R. biennis, Oha man ! soil, Virginia ! to Alabama! and Ohio! ET &e., o "Louise! feet hie e rocks, Middle Florida, à z: oe omes TOÀ iri t high (pr ws | cesar » F e wow rece tac e ex A Hi hd ih. divid b. ep r da H chesnut, leak (AN ee ep vee in ie ioe ime orati boe A ao lines long. TN ell distinguished by the andir cae cus uspidate, points of the chaff. In Pursh's. charact or ee , the T of the ` Pappus is said to be awned. 7 is pale and often bearded or canescent at the summit, mostly shorter ya mi expanded corolla ; the disk therefore at first fuscous, at len purple. Ww. R. subtomentosa (Puts T stem m branching, foment ose-po i ew most] ioled, hispid-scabrous above, soit and minute y tomentose beneath s fes wer die or deeply Minn the upper mostly undivided, ate, a te, hat ‘cory 1 ‘of th involucre numerous, narrowly lanceolate, cane ,imbricated, at des pe kin useage — a than the subglo brownish disk, man y times. — than the rous spreading rays; chaff of the mec glandular- arded at the obse "tior ox. summit, shorter than the ; pappus oet; obsolete. —Pursh, fl. 2. p. 575, ex px = syn. 2 herb. ? POUR. R. triloba 3. foliis adfliedimitteis, Miche: $ "A. 2 . p- 1 R. odorata, Nutt. jour. acad. Philad: 7. p. 78, not of the gardens. ar & i ie - ^ Oey eh w i rU Ei Pe 310 COMPOSIT A. RUDBECKIA. in Prairies and copses, (Mountains of Virginia ?) Illinois! to Arkan Western Louisiana! and the borders of Texas! July-Aug.—Plant n stout and. with a coarse habit, 2—4 feet high; = min "when bruised, and perhaps also the leaves, exhaling an anis ate or vanilla-like odor, much m s 3-5 inches the undivided and the upper occasionally 3-lo $a: "but usually the lower ones only 3-parted or divided : the lat is exea smililest; A ; the termi- nal ovate-lanceolate or ovate, acuminate, serrate. Peduncles short. Bayh 10 to 12, or rarely 20, 10-15 lines longi nieht ye ellow. 7. R. mollis (EIL): stem hirsute- villous, branching; leaves sessile and partly clasping, oblong, obscurely serrate, tomentose-canescent on both sides, the low s somewhat s spatulate ; heads rather large; scales of the invo- — Tg 2 mon] 3 Geplat te, villog, reflexed about half the length of e rays; chaff linear, canescent at the summit, rather obtuse, as long as the woo Se, mus a (s vals iie s 4-toothed at the summit.—Ell.! sk. wA rs 453 ; DC.! ! prodr. 5. p.556. R. spathulata; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 574, not of . Western kuniik of Georgia, Bartram! Baldwin! Elliott! &c. Aug. Oct.— Plant 2-3 feet high, my cts pup: ; the branches vant a ad. terminated by a single e he Leaves 12-15 lines long, soft. Rays 15-20, ually an inch long, pale yellow, go deep aioe w at the base. Achenia po ig half the length of the narrow chaff, exactly 4-sided ; ‘the angles produced into indistinct and minute obtus e teeth. 8. R. Heli iopsidis © : stem simple from a prostrate rhizoma, somewhat pu- escent with ie bere d bearing 3-6 emn ca angled branches or peduncles near the ; lea somewhat distant, ovate or oval, slightly serrate, mostly o obtülve; t inibi navei, glabrous or nearly so, abruptly con- ted, the lower into long and slender, the upper into short petioles ; scales spat squa: shorter than the subglobose brownish purple disk, and much shorter aa i the | (10-12) oae Rae spreading rays; chaff i the receptacle ob- tuse, canescent-pubescent at the summit, about the length of the corolla ; achenia of the rays triangular and as large as the aci fertile ones ; PA ain no Sas ete. o h shorter than the lucre muc B. stem stouter, pube at below with spreading, above with pipe hairs; leaves n nearly entire, leaves more or less serrate, sometimes acute ; invo- disk * Pine woods, &c. pipci es Georgia ur d 8. Chero country of Alabama, in wet places, Mr. Buckley ! -Sept. Sem about 2 feet high. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-2 ‘ae on petioles 2-6 inches long, which in . are SM uid beneath, dull above. Rays scarcely an inch long, pale A n 8. pre ng an abortive style. Involuere and disk exactly resembling soni’ orn E Helio psis levis, except that the latter is brownish-purple: the achenia of the rays perfectly formed, an often Jardi d than the fertile fruit, but not ovulifero ow, ace to ance the oe and naked piping onn summit, i terminated by large solitary heads; leaves (often membranaceous) somewhat serous ruit ve ed, entire or sparingly re epand-toothed, slightly point and reti ticulate-veined ; the radical and lower cauline tapering by. base into slender petioles; the uppermost cunei form-obovate, the i ar "T Š * = À i x S Es. P * RUDBECKIA. . COMPOSITA. i 311 Plains adde pine woods, Western Louisiana, —Á— on the baniak of cm Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter! Texas, Drummond ! — Exige 2-3 = high, rather slender. bn wer leaves 3-6 inches ng, 2-3 wide, usually nearly entire, — gly ribbed and or oe — lated “ead tbe: ribs, adis a vith minute resinous dots, some p. branaceous an nearly smooth; the UP er Aen similar in ferm b onal and on shorter petioles, or the uppermost sessile. He era smaller " in as the proper tube of the corolla. —Closel y allied to the Amis species " - R. grandiflora (Gm e DC. 5: scabrous-hispid one apn si a or branching, striate-angled; the branches — above, a ned by apart (very large) hea ids ; leaves rigid, very rough; del Nace and lowest cauline ovate or oval, som mewhat serrate a. entire, 7-nerved Land reticu- late-veined, o iod ng pet tioles; the upper lanceolate, unequally and sharply ner rrat - uppermost sessile ; scales of the inyolucre numerous, linear, shorter ie : ous (20 or more) drooping rays; chaff of the receptacle rather acute, some- what canescent at the summit, shorter than ha coro - p coroniform, = crenate or ciens aa oothed, confom C. pro . p.556. R. nu- dicaulis, Nutt. mss., nee zi Pers. Centrocarpha pe, Don, in Sweeti, Brit gard. ser R lains, d&c., Rea River Arkansas, Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Lea- Ja uly-Se ept.—Stem stout, 2-3 feet high, mech clothed, like Eos bth su rhe sia of the leaves, with short and very rough hispid hairs. Lea h d wit Ung nerves, or rather ribs, running from the je to the apex ; the upper 4-6 inches long, an in l ide; t nost sometimes 8 inches long and T mj peg in the cultivated plant sometimes ** neat- ly 6 inches across”; th rays in our indige o pre 9 ine long, golden yellow, aware tomentose pubescent be benéath. ceptacle narrow- oo he character given by De Ca dolo, which: is shie efg taken m that of Don, is incorrect in several BO pipe his the pappus is not very re +22 Dok ona aie. conical, some what prolonged when mature ; the recephacle at length columnar or spiciform : chaff navicular, truncate, somewhat bearded at the * Summit, not longer than the sce achenia : branches: e the style truncate, slightly thickened and bearded at the summit. A . R. laciniata (Linn.) : glabrous; stem tall, pog : toles Dirag i and scabrous, particulari y on the Hus " radical and lowermost vid B Loud = © x «4 e pe IHE "25833 ce o © 5 3 S e ® £5 au B m 8 $ Ad iss) S lal B L. Bart. fi. Amer Moor EL Td Darling f. Cest. p. 481 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 555. s leaves js the upper ones undivided. EL levigata, Pursh ! fl. 2. 4, not of Ni y. divisis of the radical and lower leaves pinnatifid.—R. digitata, Mill. x "o de g nE ; © i: a € pr "y" cid E ays 10-15 » b. 5x » : ; # "yer COMPOSITA. » RuDEECKIA. |. . ds dit: Ait a (ed. 1) 3. p. 251; ` Wild. enum. 2. p. 921 ; Pursh! ote *EIL L. Cil pem R. laci inita B. angustifólia; Pers. syn. 2. p. R. lev vi Hoffm., e Moist Wicker eg: si to Alabama! Western Louisiana! and to near the ue of the Missouri! July-Sept.—Stem 4- -8 (in 8. 3~4) feet high Rays bright light yellow, oblanceolate, 1-2 inches long. Radical leaves sca- ides; th | brous on both s e divisions deu segments often long and very narrow, pot rhombic-ovate. — The var. 8. is common in the mountains of North Carolin ae 12. 4R. R. hterphyl: cinereous-pubescent; leaves minutely tomentose be- 5 nii ; the lower a te Brys ix viet dece or rd Init sparingly toothed, the terminal o iform mostly - Sle z 1 the upper ea E pea slighty pried: pace scrtato, kp heads somewhat corymbose s drooping ; achenia J^ mem: with a ; ciniata, with the upper leaves ume teach throughout. Disk Ee 2. Ries of the involucre few ; exterior spreading, the itio ertet, . A similar to the chaff o of the P res ated receptacle : the disk at length columnar : rays with abortive achenia : branches of the style terminated by a very short and obtuse cone : achenia of the disk as long as the obtuse chaf, acutely 4-sided ; the pappus continuous with its summit, sheathing the lower. portion of the corolla, irregularly toothed or lacerate-denticulate ; that £ ray small with a short cor m pappus.—Macrocuine. 13. R. marima (Nutt -)? very smooth and glabrous throughout, somewhat. ien: leaves large, membranaceous, broadly oval or Wesen F -Vein i adic , ier i Arkansas, and Texas, Dr. Leaven h! siana, Dr. Hale! Jun id —Stems " feet high, t m masses" (Nutt.), stout, striate. Leav 8-10 or 12 and 4-5 broad, **but little inferior i in size to tied of the Cab- - "Nu $ Tipa or slight] y acuminate ; the numerous veins diverging e strong iere reticulated, the upper ones usually converging to the ually. i - X at the summit, sometimes nearly halfa g as thi itself and including the lower half of the E e following i es might be considered as a separate 1 with nearly the same reason a s Dracopis, which closely 7 resemb f receptacle, involucr acre, &c. : but as to the pappus they $e m not greatly x s + $ * * Li a » E atl s 5 a HM. * rw 2s . Cah: 3 5 COMPOSITAE. 4e 313 apt à; differ from Rudbeckia atigpidio s odi laciniata has a T aidbough. less elongated receptacle. Ey" 4. itida (Nutt.) : very smooth and somewhat aa stem simple 14. R.n or Bu branched above; leaves coriaceous, ovaléoblong a and IKüceolate, nervose and reticulated, re spand- -den pee: or entire, mostly acute at each al argin end; the radical and lower auline taperiug into s slender usually m netiolds, ihe uppermost (o (often p lanceolate) partly blasting rays large, rooping ; chaff pubescent at the sum ad !- 4n jour. acad. Philad. 7. j Bs G? abra eorgia and Florida, on the borders o ens ai open "ace Nut p , Veorgiar Prairies, Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter ! "Dre d! June-July.—Plant 3-5 feet high, mc rese ied the Me . Drummond ! § ceding, but with more nervose smaller leaves (the lower 4-6 inches long, 1-3 wide), beautifully Ui ug between tbe nerves or bs cc. Stem either e, with a solitary hea ing several he Heads nearly as lar e as in the preceding, with: 8-19 rays; the disk sometitnes broadly conical and apparently unch nged in s * fruit; but Ad elongated like the preceding, and sometimes attaining ^ 2 inches. —Both t these species would be v very showy in cultivation e $3. Intühisfe ry chaff as in. ioca rays none ! akan ?) : corolla o a T the conical-oblong disk nearly « destitute of proper tu be (the stamens inserted. into the very "sen branches of the style slightly dilate 'd upwards, truncate-- ` aue nia prismatic: pappus cor deg d) and s pere toothed, y as in R. laciniata. mi. ide 1A, Nutt. ^ A e j oe R. occidentalis (Nutt): cieli and glabrous; - stout ; deme ate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or repa ^ apis thed, sometimes irr larly 1 obed, scabro iuret the margin, 3-nerved ; the uppermost sessile ‘mie dei late, éntire; heads few, on long ped dex ; ‘disk conical ; scales of the invo- lacre nceolate, acuminate, nearly in in e Series. Nu tt “in trans. Amer. - soc. (n 7. p. 35 Mountains rd > de di : s particularly i in I Blue Moun; oul ¥ tain range, by small streams, Natal = die ^ me D ' Disk Teo one probably elonga ted in fruit. s appn E. pe ‘species west of the Rock ky untains. i SS `- R. asperrima, Hornem. (Loud. hort. Brit.) ` R. cicutefolia, Spréng. is founded on son Sm Raf. te Indov, - 1,99; LEPACHYS. Raf. 5 in jour. phe te p. 100; eis syn. p. 225. Lepachys & Ratibida, Raf. l c—Obeliscdria, Cass. (1825), DC. d; the ray-flowe ers few, in a single- series, neutral ; Haik man; lowere Seales of the duco few, linear all, tubular, perfect. m 6 nar = an; the c atf truncate or obtuse, thickened ; | Lor v -lousa at the summit, nearly the wape of the disk-flowers and partly enclosing Or cbracing hacia Corolla of the o short, cylindrical, with 5 short * ied ko A. * F | oat : d E " s 2 E 4 i ii^ b 3 -t ox a s` ae OX om an. * x r = LI | A ia p i * : - Li s F^ & 14 I c 3 £3 4 "uw COMPOSIT/E. i h p " recurved t teeth 3 the | proper tube none; the stamens, therefore inserted into the of the corolla. | _ Achenia of NS my 3- angled, Ag aban Ws » . both sides, which is more or less produced into-a sah at the ‘suimiity ‘he’ d areola at the base somewhat latėral.— Perennial usually branching $ strigose- scabrous herbs (natives of North America, chiefly of: the region betwee hes ‘Mississippi and the Rocky. Mountains) ; the striate-sulcate's stems or br: ranches | "naked above, and terminated by single showy heads. - * "T Leayes alternat pin- i nately. parted or.divided ; the divisions narrow, sometimes . again pinnatifid. f. Rays ‘Spreading or" drooping, ; br Disk cylindrical, inus a fragrant anisate odor "when bruised, the ` app of of the ch canescent; the corolla, mr | and branches of 1t the ape pe p -fusco f yellow, sometimes partly or entirely orange- y, a J ù , iy hr A us is n. not PE e T eo Rafinesque mentioned Rudbeck e type genus, * iged, he ty to follow Lessing, ram ra yee ce of Pads ^ i this genus; - » ~ EE quA well. marked fi eter, must be divided into M an « many sections or Sees genera as there are speci: re pinn * p A o. ee bein viz: — lata. 57 i EG Raf.) "A Ps z ss : . * y | 7 acp A «€ LL pinnata: ene oe inherent with bid E " $ pinnately divided ; ‘the divisions TT ceno i or a donee at Pee E. end, spari adnal RUER de or ont the uppermost undi ed ; disk oval- e» " lon; Sier than thé rays.—L. pinnat ada & angustifolia, Wf. o. CN py vc udi ckia. gos Vent. ! Tort hec 71; Michre? fl. 2. S on ^ i Smith, exot. bot. Y. t. ; Bot. 10; Willd.! enum o IMS sà Pursh! fl. 2. p. 516. "R digita, Wit ya i 4 8247, exch ey R. tomentosa, Ell. ! / "3k. 9 p. 458. excl. syn. R. odorata. i Pi SN Pme E ad pinnata, Cass. in gis A sci. nal. p £8 401; DC.? r. 5. p. 558. 1i... (Dry, prai igen and: ei ird stern N cw ros (Dr. S meme M ot TE Pennsylvania (Mublenbér n dou ee fi es es. : Western States o Loui ! | part o Georgia (B a | the pony i Dre ju !) Alabama (1 kkl 11) and Middl es . 3-4 X igh. Divisions. of. "CY and coarsely too tooth ed, to arrow wly ERE terminal & su ions pr -oblo superior l ti ag e i x dee d bright T inches long, varying pc ses j-nerve e lateral nerves d etm goce i ex a a un : Saco bold on each Qm which, * Beis Pr * the CER that xd achenium i is rectis. qe eds $ m" x Y. COCA en the (d margin EOM j- ciliate; the summit somewhat a -2-tootheds and crowned vee een E, t * 4 uM * Tar * * £. = LA pE £ ind - Korm, i " d gk "Ea 2 a — Uu" Es AN f > >. : : ‘ á m aer - T oda y composi. we Be i * 315. De aa. xd P'lbcerate fringe: gaip of tie style fp A BON by avery = + d d 7 dagt.—Rarimina, Raf., LIN Don. M ^ (Qualiscara! 5 Ratibida & Monodoniks pU ye ae A C ? : ) stri gose- bethipat ioe br branched from the bul. ^ *radi- í P. em pridnim) Io phon: undivided "ims te-lanceolate ; the cauline pinnately » the upper r.sessile; segments linear-lariceolate or'oblon g, rigid; muero- -` nulate, entire, rarely so thawhi t lobed: disk eni dis. in fuit longer than ^ * fthe 5-8 y r obovate-oval recurved "d m" deno esae colum- ” Phe 2. 5. 1785; ^ aris, Te. in Brit. gard, r. 5. p.,559. " D: like ^ —V ries, Ferhat de or dp nis linear-lanceolate, "E ET the leaves & again regularly pinnatifid, the rays also yellow at the ` apex 3 6e qe a, DC.! E c3 or the rays entirely brown-red, ^ with the columnar disk variable in lengt S DO Le roe ames! in. X . 68. ‘somewhat distant ; the — pus as — Chaff “with rrp op i) cepe ated by a short acute membranacéous’ ; exterior-margin o obscurely if at all ~ ed athe summit.—'The e specimens . á ly jus stify the union of the vane t le and i ed specimens hire E itis nearly gle The ng toa dwarf, much is cd po leafy plann m * p : qt i ad i : on a. * $3. $3. Achenia Foie ch epee, i ed and. E 2- tooth or y derota ha e (the summit and, the vim bearded); the- wings strongly H briate-ciliate M CHA ofl style termin ded by a lànceolate acute d oh ndagel PHOCHENA- P. x = oe sitüple or branching near "he båse P ue and | Dis Beet s hirsute or strigose, E aed png: Š * segme i bae co dos. cs twice an ium Ea hus ded e spiri eit, sightly bearded at P Á at de Teles, Dr ES ns The le fy portion of x d ‘ “inches ; phe =e cum i es in ihyths Radi hax une- ma a ;oblopg or cuneiform, in- . ime: 1 j^ esr d, with narrow w seg- Bc. per lea a mo et Lg cylindrical. Exterior - 29 * m & e Ls ds Ww 2 M > i » * " 4 Li * Ee d 316 _ COMPOSITE. . Lepacnys. | scales of the involucre very few, subulate ; the interior much shorter, resem- m bling the chaff of the receptacle. Rays deter yellow. Chaff with — bright purple spot near each margin. Achen a (immature) flat, oval; s ' 9 win ed; the inner wing as s r, and more conspicuously fringed ih ‘ som spreading bristles ; the summit produce d into 2 sharp slightly unequal t r awns, which are fully haif ris length of. the corolla, err gsm nt 7* eer the Af in the manner of Silphium i ^ * * P eS ee ~~ 93. DRACOPIS. "at dict. 35. p. 273; DC. prodr. 5. p. 558. he Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series ; those " of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in 2 series ; the exterior. 6-8, small, linear, spreading ; the interior very M appressed, resembling — the chaff of the receptacle. . R drical, pointed ; the chaff linear, — " somewhat bearded at the be PUER ins mucfonulate, rather shorter than — the flowers. Corolla of the disk with a manifest tube; the throat expanded, 5-toothed, the teeth reflexed. Branches of the style terminated. by a linear- . lanceolate barbellate appendage. Achenia terete, narrowed Beasts base, with a lateral areola, minutely striate and granulated. Pappus obso- lete (an extremely minute entire crown or border), or none —An annual A branchi glabrous herb; the stem and branches striate-sulcate. Cauline- . leaves H ied oblong or oval, mostly acute, entire, the lower ones.» serrate, smooth and pale, reticulate-veined ; the margins ciliate-scabrous. - Heads solitary, m eme terminating the branches. Rays yellow, often with an orange-brown spot at the base. Disk b first one conical, at - length cylindrical) fuscous. K i i D. amplericaulis (Cass. 1. c. )— Hook. bot. mag. t. 3716, &. compa le ia .p. 99. Rudbeckia cus Rie Vahl, Hafn mus p. ir. Schkuhr, handb. 3. t. 259. R. ample sti, a cq. ar. d F 3023 ib Willd.! spec.3. p. Bio; Pursh ! AB v “ fe idi. Cav. it. 3- se P- 27, t. 952." R. spathulata, Nutt. ; d 2 Y 178, ex Muhl. herb.! | Low isiana ! g. Anthers fuscous. Branches of: the style sie e ; & : "d % 2 E A 94. Qoo RI DC. prodr. Sap 56l . Meo die i; EON + DAE i 7 Gymnolomia, H. B. 4» K.—Aldama, Lalle?. 4- Lez.? ho . Heads many-flowered the ray-flowers in a single series, neutral ; those . of the disk tubular, perfect... Scal the involucre in a. double series, the ^4 exterior § ewhat feliac olia Receptacle flat or con perhaps s conical, chaffy. Branches of the style with long mois: bee ‘cro with a very Wi ge A pappus.—Herba eous or p gos on ^ shrubby: (American) ee oe w cioe ne bise ^ae or E », . leaves. Heads pedunculate. DC. — D d poa Se beret em mm branchin; somewtat ; b S n d pw aim : » "n » ^ I r Y w i ennai COMPOSITE. k r NI 5*3 and nearly naked above, — airy beneath; ponas of the invo- 2 vers apa m hirsute, in a single series ; chaff o receptac, lein- +` cluding the | ry glabrous and shining nbhenia? at fendi tuber culate and rer 14 E ppus corel, fimbriate. Hook. ! C. pl. t. 1457 DC. «a 7. (mant.) exas, Drumm ond!—Plant strigose-hirsute; the ia tea 2 feet more in height. ur MM ate-lanceolate ; the most alternate. b Rays und Resin bright yellow, oblong. Disk -flow A uo 30 ; the « rolla mid slightly dilated up wae “with 5 xx m n 2 very narro| linear mens inse sr. ida ar the base of the corolla ; am "E sy Wy Eur filiform-linear. The edges of the cha ffy sc ale Bi op en- | quee. ich achenium at length cohere firmly. .—Nearly allied aS to and G. oe of De Candolle; but the genus seems to in n congruous plan : : + t & ^ $a 95. ENCELIA. Adans. ; Cav. ic. 1. t. 61; DC. prodr. 5. p. 566. P © Heads many- -flowered; the ray-flowers GNR ina single series; those T e disk tubular, perfect. Involucre somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series, equalling the disk: Receptacle flat : the diti membrenaceodp, navicular. E Branches of the style terminated by a cone. Achenia co ssed, mt, i emarginate, destitute of s, with the esta densely woo vill plants of the Pacific coast of America, more or less canescent ; « the leaves alternate, ovate or oblong, pelea, entire or nearly so, few, ferum g the Paniggiate branches. Ray and disk yellow.” . . 4 * x. *1. JE. Californica (Nutt. ) ra much branched; the branches pubert-: »* Seah cag, ) eect, ate, acute, —— S angular at anescent; leaves la the iair osia base, abruptly parola, 3-7-nerved, nearly glabrous, ‘the margins scabrous ; inv Sici ver and ests y ep ex-^ 4 “cept the m margins, wbich a eT. Mara villous -hirsute.—JNutt trans. 9 Amer. "key soc. (n. ser.) 7. e 357.4 2 "Dry^hills, near St. Barbara [or St. D iego], Nuttall ! Ap —A low, . | eer: brittle dr s ae er scent of. Cale ndu la or € ; Am ; ou E VIGUIERA. H. B. &. K. em Ww o 224, t. 99; = 4 —— DC. prodr. 578. e i | ; the ray-flowers- How, bani those r the disk. — perfect. Sca of tho dap behia. involucre nearly in a single series, S somewhat iut with foliaceous tips pendages. Receptacle either co- nical or flattish ; the persistent chaff embracing "the. achenia. Appen ndages : : ' style sul > 24 x^ Achenia em ed pubescent. Ver v squamellæ and 2 awns, decid ous.—Annual je ev erbs; : s napaa oppo- à with yell ~ S. 74 | 4 jera “prostrata, DC. is not a North American plant; and is ps edi 4 liz ' thy 3 Di ost atus Wild. à T. $ s iras A e P L^ É r T" : UN " r * x 4 “ge a te fate CompPosrra. 20 Viewrrna. f 1. V. Terana: stem oaiiy, sparingly branched ; leaves alise ah law est opposite), rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, sparingly serra ed d Bopcemeie pubes somewhat. scabrous dion: abruptly peer into ‘long villous petioles ; feres are ery or subcorymbose ; scales of the in- | yolucre Vries d nt, , with linear foliaceous vw p? €. 10; achenia pe eea R e he » =“ Texas, Drummond !—Root and base of the stem unknown. Leaves 15 inches long, 2=3 broad, membranaceous; the lower petioles 2 inches -1 length. Bppeadages, of the paie scales longer-than the ovate- -obl n appre ion; or those of the inner serie s, when present, shorter. Chal fepe port siad with a een n Tights cusp. "Squamelle of the pappus s small, roundis % i lacerate-fimbriate s rather shorter than the achenia, dilated and lacer- . ato-denticulate near i dié beo; -Apparently near V. laxa, ; * , 4 E HELIANTHUS. La; Sehicula handb. t. 9585 Less. £n. p.99. c E. Helianthus & Harpalium, Cass., Dc. excl. § Harpalizia ? à s ! a Heads many-flowered $ the: "ii-aowers several” or numerous, neutral; `- those of the disk perfect. Involucre imbricated in 3 or more’ series; the scales with or without foliaceous tips or appendages. Sedans flat or of - convex; the persistent chaff embra acing the achenia. Corolla of the ds » commonly 10-nerved, with a short proper tube. . Branthes of. the ee 4 = pid; terminated by a subulate-conical appendage. Achenia iida or ^ ir "- y compressed, not winged or. margined. » - -Pappus of 2 chaffy pee arising from the principal angles of the achenia, and often with 2 or mo - smaller i ies scales. or squamelle, very deciduous. —Annual or. per- | ennia yi . mostly rough herbs; with opposite, some- A times alternate the FS commonly triplinerved leaves. -Heads so way $. ‘=, a =e pU co: ory mbose. Rays yellow ; the corolla. of the die Bie etimes dark-pu purple at the summit, —Sunflouer. 4 + 1 P The 4. RF of. the disk in Helianthus i is generally "10 nerve, the 5 ndana or^ commonly 10 o corresponding with the axis of the lacinise? in H. mollis there are _ P. venati: it - c this is graly: the case in 7 JoBigilblius. Th . Nu soi we ‘observe a e or median ne nly. Porc e ots ; ig Annual ¥ heads d largé: rays numerous : coit: involucre § al um z wr. und leaves ra d cordate, mosty we triplinerved Anna d "E annuus, the eer Senor, ag very generall cuts ed, | but às noe Raturalized in this co qe em Rr X P 4 Et - cere y 1. H. H. argoph llus : Four eiie: leaves ornati) us entire: the lower ls dn ate, sette) on short petioles ; heads ary and, "s on short nido scales of involucre dee acuminate, woolly + Pus heat gies} ai af at the summit ; yappus of 2 very deci a awns. = p e. HET o ges Bao a TONS E Jj - hd = = i bras he € Ce . : *& X * à v 58 “ * ow $ ES LU. Ed 2d ù " p HrrnawrMUS. 9 coros. ja TÉ ii - 9319 a Ta Texas, ; Degmond Appatently a a large plant, "d n base ‘of the stem ` x s m very white wool, which on the stem is loose vim * L west 1 —' ‘obscurely hee rn - long petioles; the upper 2-3 EFOR ess aat o den svete s pretty la ge heads in their axils, on s ich are ldom longer than the Bent, Rays about 20. Inner bu "the involu- * ". E ber ranli all Ro 12 Chair of the recepta Sgen at Ea * T. * flocculent, ot the leaves appressed. o eaves (radical?) 6- 6-8 inches e aea. Deana AS. gd até, obtuse at the basé,, gato Yok e lower oF: a kis cordate, the “upper rmost Mies lanceolate and entire; peduncles terminal, * sometimes pani culate; heads very lar a iei: of the involucre oval or + ovate; ciliate, abruptly and conspicuously ac minate; achenia appressed- > pubescent, often as long as the corolla “ob, the disk ; the latter villous.at the á * base; pappus of 2 lanceolate -ehaffy awns.— — Dougl. | Hook.! fl. Bor-Amz1. p. 313; DC. ! prodr... p. 586; kd in bun. j is 4 à "og phil. soc. 1. c. wit tubeeformts S gen init rco a P 3 Baril. ind. (x hort. Gett. = (Linnea teh o 25.) . Tu cor the disk Airis ous at, the d Hae oe sometimes | [og and the Seales of the involucre = nimius ry—H. ultiflorus, Hook. ! mine of Oregon Douglas Nuttall | / and y cm the he Diao S d * * Arkansas! and, Texas! 5. Saskatchawa n, a. E share j Mr. Nicoilet aay tpt A epic resembling LH. with a rough LT often Spotted) stem: ; the thin uere 1-2 indes br ; rape: ye * et ches long and 6-10" lines wide. The stem exudes.a resin ; A The Indians emp loy the se 4 for al " * a Wo uL Fe : i ES laris - (Nutt. ): stem strigose r Phispid, benik ES SCca- N ai terme Lew: lower not requent! early so o, on very long peti bote (arie) heads of t of the disk minutely “pu f i ceolate, acu acuminate: corol nt or canescent at the*base ; 3 cms villous 4 pus of 2¢ lhaffy a wis Nul. / in i và Pd a un X d "d LX patens, Lehm.!.ind. sêm. ze 1890, p i84 H. ‘ate A Nalt. è we ; se Amer. W^ dh (n 4 dug Y .. * Upper Missouri, Nuttall! Mr. PN icollet ! ru aie ccf e P places. | Auk. — cda ti thi Heads, aiding the (12- EE * 3-4 inche "is as Scales e "UT involu cre na "i or broad! «ee cd with a tuer acumination, ze ‘eral acut -Leaves most e inna et : ‘ x* d i pa olia T: ue switch ; Jeaves lt ternate, m i if H. cn ifolius : hisp n wo et on slender ‘petioles; pe duncles pommes: c xe ating a "single, o ordi : clus i i s; i pn arrowly linear-lan- à clustered (sessile) pee ads; scales of the in se narrowly V gt P te nuate-acu indi: édrolla of the disk. us at . nia jas pappus of. driinutely ene mis sm ay awns: — Mw. Te um mys ~Sept.— Lower part E of ihe stë nknown; but appar: ntly asm: spe the branches ohet a op in a slender a+ ` Peduncle 4 to 10 inches Eng. . Leaves 1-3. ditis alt | deltoid-cordate, an-^ ud gulate-t d, ads an ide scabr ] | é often in luster of 9-4 at the apex 'of the»peduncle. . Scales o e: ere lah ays about 15. m] of the receptacle (or ; iddle 3 ed into a slender — ne, Achenia oblong, clothed Pp villous hairs. tg x < DA x : 7. 4 linear [very ey flat, scarcely denticulate, 1-nerved, slight 320 s COMPOSITJE. Hyvixernts, 4 5. H. debilis (Nutt.) : somewhat cibot; ; stem slender, decu meet branching; leaves es a {rarely payer DK -ovate, eese o , repand-s der petioles; heads (very small for lis s division) raolitar ry, on slender RES P io les; scales of the ifeplibe t wly lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, achenia pubese cent; pappus of 2 minutely pubescent small 2: iaffy awns.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc n. Ser.) 7. p. 3 B. stem "mostly simple, Eas lower leaves oes opposit Coast of East Florida, Baldwin! 8. Sand hill oF T Louisiana and Texas, Dr. Leavenworth !—The root of the Flori plant is u but that ‘of B., which scarce ly differs except in d simple beia m “2 feet long), and a little more attenuate leaves (14 inch in length), is annual. In- r = volucre about half an inch in diameter. e of the recht S 3- “beds the middle lobe cuspidate-acuminate. Rays 1 * * Perennial: heads small: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales of the involucre ills imbricated, narrow, at len we squarrose, as long as the dark purple disk : - es opposite, alternate, or scattered, linear, 1-nerved.—A ngustifolii, H. angustifolius (Linn.) : stem scabrous or hairy; leaves linear, elon- a gated, sessile, entire, with revolute margins, 1-nerved, scabrous above, pale b or whitish, and often pubescent or hirsute beneath ; ithe lower oppo the upper alternate ; heads oe slender peduncles ales of the involucre narrowly lanceolate, acute, squarrose in fruit; chaff of the ed i M og Aa iong, i toothed; achenia glabrous; papis of 2 small ch pec. 9. p. 906; Walt. Car. p. 216; Michx. ! fle 2 $. ta (Chiely) Pus ; gi 2. p. 572; Ell.! sk. 2. p. nra uus mag. t 587 2051; t. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 105; DC.! prodr. 5. P - x foliis ineaibus & aaa ger foliis son c. Gronov.! fl. Virg. pas Mill. à tif 2.730. n P IA, peig spec. ed. 1. Rudbeckia an- Ret id dx (ed. 2) 2 p. 1281. Leighia nye p e, Wi iris leniineat mi idrib. Involucre somewhat scabrous or hairy- Rays 12-20 20, nearly an inch eo Lobes of oe dee ucl : guae purple- Pappus us shorter than the achen A orgyalis. (DC.): stem tall, very smooth ; leaves quem sessile, ghtly if a t all of the involucre E scabrous; heads corymbose, on long peduneles ; Mina : p.12, dy prodr. 5. p. 5 sas, Mr. Prais: cultivated in vie pones Tun Garden '—- * Sud 6-101 feet hi igh. Leaves very nume and narrow, 3-6 inches Bays bout 15, an rote or more in length. Pa appus of bri s longs ‘to | this species hich case i s geograpt hic ends to age ‘but we find no special n of Mr Nuttall's: Ve ode the “herbarium of th the Academy of Natural Sciences. oe Perennial: rays s rarély, mone: repta conver : gum of the hemispherical in- e regularly i , appressed, lanceolate,” destitute 4 mer tips z A x ooa cR b n E ee 1 Maple: orbranched. Leaves 2. inches m 2-4 lines, or the xe h m | * Beistin: 74 E COMPOSITE. 321 or appendages, mostly shorter ry dark purple disk » leaves umaj opposite.— ~ Atrorubentes. (Discomela, Raf. Harpalium, Cass.) t Rays 7-10, slightly iesiti or frequently wanting! foiiis Nutt.) . H. Radula: cbe simple, ohh several from the same root, etd hir- x Sis below, naked a Seng fn a single head ; a Ma Mi elegir crowded at the base of the see: obut hogh ite, or pipa patulate, p obu se, entire, -nerved or wi Yana Sani or on short w nged ati ‘él, "té beneath, hispid above; the u deines to s lanceolate bakai scales of the involucre and chaff of = receptacle la eolate, acuminate, dark- -purple ; achenia gla- brous ; pappu — ioe hep as long as the proper tube “of the . 675 Re rm acad. P. 7. p. TO Helianthus spealus Le Conte! ine ~ ned. Ec hin nomeria apetala, Nutt. trans. Amer. phil. soc. de ser.) + p. 356. Damp pine barrens of Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! Aug. -Sep Stems erect from a decumbent base, a gis ves 1-3 feet hight « ex- tremely hirsute below, often glabrous above, and naked, except one or two leaves. t t Rays. M E i y 9. H. hee hyllus (Nutt.): stem very slender, simple, sparsely hispid, bearin od. k ad; pes ves opposite, entire, hispid above, smoothish be- im. neath; the Tadifab and lowest cauline oval or elliptical, narrowed at the base — a h ioled, obseurely gie oci the eolate, or linear, sessile; les of the i A eolate, acuminate, ciliate; ch of the receptacle acute ; ey glabrous ; Pappus of s slender chatty awns. —Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 74. à B. lower leaves mech with a long attenuate base esse heterophyllus, Hook. ! c ompan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, pa roys č In dry soil? North Carolina! Geor ial and Alabama! rapa 8 Louisiana, Drummond! Florida 1 naked and o nns e d & B 5 Lid nt 5 the; ower 2-3, or in 8. 4-7 inches long, 3-5 aed wide; the upper- =+ pon small. Involucre half an pg: diameter : cales disci or pubescent; the xterior oval- Hur eolate ; the inner narrowe more acu- minate. "ds 14-18, 1 8, large, an nch or more in length. Latte of the disk- corolla and tips of the chaff brownish-purle Achenia narrow, when young slightly hairy at. der summit. Awns of the papp us lanceolate-subulate, dentic ulate. ‘er 10. H. atrorubens (Lina. ): stem hirsute ‘and sca below, eere or loosely corymbose and naked above; leaves mo: — oval, or ree rough and mcam triplinerv rved, som e, ui oka k narrowed into 1 margined petioles, the lowest ten “slightly CRA cae d oval or obovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate ; chaff of the » w VOL. Lidl : : ý E ; i= * * ye s p * p M xi i 322 COMPOSITE. ' HELIANTBUS. ` receptacle sek — pcne at eie summit; pappus of2 squamel- — — b date lanceolate awns.— Linn. ! spec. 2. we PAu. ! Kew. ( ed: 1) 3. p. 2507 m Miche. ! fl. 2 p.140 ag part only); Ell. t 9. p- 414 ; not 5 Lam. ! of DC. ex char., nor or Hoo H. sparsi DM Ell.! l. c. H. silphioides, Nutt. ! in trans. Am das soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 366. Corona- FA minor, &c., Dill. — . Elth. t. 94, Pt : Dry soil, Virginia! to Florida! Louisiana! and Ar kansas! common eS gne de species, vary ing in size (from 1 to 4 feet) ; the sien r pe 1 pe ari bae ag but fieh nearly glabrous abov Taa rather thin, both i irsute or hispid, vei i i 1e lower 3 to 6 si > i entire inches long, and 2 to 5 E the upper small and in more distant pairs; uppermost remote an metimes alternate. Heads small; the xus rays Sangos, about an ich long. Involucre Bene shorter than the co disk ; the obtuse scales obscurely 3-nerved. Chaff of the receptacle purp plish id s tips, E oie or slightly 3-lobed. Corolla of te hes dark- per ple at the mit, pubescent at the base of the limb. Pa of 2 min EE. [RED or Eubirdunccot&ie pale, rather xd awns, oue all thirds the length of the corolla. Achenia Mah. except the vs de 11. H. rigidus (Desf.) : stem simple or iar Weser , rough; - leaves opposite, very thick and rigid, lanc oblong-lanceo cute or acuminate at each end, n sessile, anoles serra ie or entire, some- was triplin mere a dia hispid- (m di on both sides ;*the uppermost sometimes al tern ; the radic oe oval, obtu e, strongly tripli inerved, petioled ; ner imbricated; cha T of the paopao obtuse; achenia somewhat hairy; pap- pus of cave lanceolate scales, rather than awns, and frequently with one or several intermediate small scales.— Desf. cat. hort ed. 3 : atrorubens, Mic herb. in part; Hort. Berol. ! i. 9668 ; Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98 (var. foliis eec H. rrimus, Ell.! sk. 2. p. 423; DC. l.c. p. 5 we late or ovate, more aeute.—H. diffusus , Sims, bot ides i i 2020 poor.) H: Missuricus, * Spren g. pug. p. 23 dud Lini in nung p. 3 2 souriensis, Schwein. ! herb. ; Neg ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. x à atroru- s, Bot. reg. ET Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312; DC. prodr. l.c ex char. not of Lin à ains and prairies, "western part of Georgia, Elliott ! peer Mr. Buck- y! and St. Louis, Drummond! to the Upper Mis ang Ar. à voles | Hyer ‘Nuttall! Louisiana, Dr. Tanoa aii Drummond! | 8. Missouri, Nuttall! (spec. cult.) and ses ea tais s —Sept.—Plant stout, 1-3 feet high, rather naked above 2 .— rigid stem hispid with short papillose — often smoothish above + à aceous hick leaves (cau p ne 3-5 inches long, an inch or less wide) very p. 583. gated ; scales of the involucre wone rough hs short bristles arising ae Tite. weg give the surface a cine” reous and often a whitish blistere . He am ted but sbowy the disk aborts IER in d ia em ie . the mee regularly and closely ly in d in 3-4 at convex : the chaif e Pine m on the baiek tow Do the mmit. Lobes ut m e aoo when ‘antes excepi the edges and sul l EU is viliable! ios in pe agora from the same wens 3 1 either of the two scale-like without intermediate squame** “the latter ote f ach sido. e eh the squamelle confit E j * m j bad d E * TOREM ae = Ex , Hewanravs. — COMPOSITE. 323 es the inpr scales, w become dilated and auriculate or lobed e bas ce we conclude that Harpalium, Cass. is finded ks insuffgjent E very inconstant characters. The var. f. dif- fers but slightly, and act com ipletely y into the, other ope of "lis MER marked speci s ibe leaves are more attenuated to each end, more serra, and a e upper surface comparatively smooth.—The stem sometimes exudes resin in small quantity. * p * * * * Perennial: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales of the involuere regularly imbricated, appressed, or with somewhat spreading acute or acuminate (inappendicu- late) tips, patie the yellow disk: leaves opposite, or the wppermost sometimes alter- » nate —Letiflori . H. letiflorus (Pers.): stem scabrous and branching at the ripe [Ec oval-lanceolate, ardt acuminate, serrate, contracted at the into short pedas ere very scabrous on both sides ; the appeal often alterna nearly entire ; heads solitary « or somewhat corymbose, on naked aiis: scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, appressed, about the length of the disks chaff aft the receptacle some whiat i 76; DC.! prod oothed or eei achenia glabrous.— Pers. syn. 2 E T. 5. p. 586, excl. syn. Ell. H. atrorubens, Lam.! dict. 3. p. 86, not ou pene B. leaves all somewhat entire ; chaff of the phases 3-toothed.—H. tr cuspis, Ell. ! . pA "N. America ; loni Paean in the French Gardens. In barrens, &c. In- diana, Dr. Cla] p ! Dayton, Ohio, Dr. Short! 8. Western quie =. bar orgia, s s ®© :B ES 2A S4 4 i IO H Zs S m S85 S F I a species, alibugh the the $ specimens ii in erbarium are ex gly im ntalis s (Riddell): stem a slender simple, naked above, so cal and lower cauline lea oval or tc pra did (acu e m isk ; achenia villous-pubescen nt towards the summit. k.! compan. to bot. dire as long as the Lom ings ote Ohio plants, (1886) p. 13. H. heterophyllus, Short / 3rd suppl. at. 1. plan 8. partly (spec. fom St. Louis) ; not o smooth b. plan wes notes: eus: stem (sometimes branching E kava pst br rd : scales of the à avae eartely ciliate, attenuate-acuminate, as lon g as Dry barrens, &c., from p. Ohio! and Kentucky ! to Missouri! * Ll ere Se r f Nutt. eTa with the stem nearly — s cinereous- inate, sô M Rays 15-25, an inch long. Chaff of the receptacle. entire, the tr 324 COMPOSITE. . HzriaNTHUS. B. Texas, Drummond ! poke e ans slender, 1 to 3 feet high, bee E leafless, except | piri the base. Lower leaves 3-5 inches long, 1-2 b usually roughish-pubescent or hirsute Bn. ; the pais 5-8 inches long. eo - Rays 12-15, nearly an i inch’ in length. Chaff of the receptacle iiy gla- - brous, somewhat 3-toothed at the m acuté. Achenia hairy towards the " niet and us the angles. Pappus of 2 eds eolate-sabu late awns.— yéllow. disk. he leaves of the rus podia are more coriaceous, and appear. brous to the naked eye and nearly smooth to the touch ; but under | p ey are observed : be clothed with very fine and short i ael 14. H. cinereus : Ms with a que pun scabrous and cinereous ee stem somewhat naked a eaves ovate-oblong, acutish, - essed, serrulate, ata at the -"-—. berg the lowermost narrowed ii: a s winged ans ; peduncles slender; scales be the involucre lanceolate, canescent ; immature achenia qud € e summit. B.? Sulli feci larger and more cocked i stem ,scabrons-Hiiate] — xoi itl serrate, acute, wg upper Pest often altern s, Drummond! 8. Near Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant /—Stem 2-3 foal bigh, virgate, ROR SAES a little branched, beari ng few heads nearly as large as those of H. mollis. Leaves rigid, somewhat re Mec clothed with a fine strigose pubescence, pe els is cinereous on the , but more scabrous on the upper surface : un lowest ehm 3-5 inches per. in-4 cluding the narrowed base or petiole ; the upper small an re emote. Chal obe acuminate ung achenia vi illous at the ‘summit (under a ne -and somewhat so on ihe angles . H. mollis ee | : stem d ok leaves ovate or laneo ov uu with a what and clasping bee serrulate or EE. “ead HEET a above, tomentose-canescen or ied reticulated beneath; scales of the involucre lanceolate, villousp cancum d mature achenia nearly glabrous.— Lam. ! dict. 3. Pp. 8 Fe Me odr. n Lun 37; not of Willd. &. H. ame Michz. ! fl. 2. H. pube, cens, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 224 foe an y da Bott Bs T 524 ; Pl: sk. 9. es 418; Hook.! c omp. to bot. and dry praise e Ohi T Tndfana! and the western part of Georgia ! Gs Missouri! Louisiana! and * Sige Aug.-Sept. - sel rked, canescently ER speciei 2—4 feet high, simple. or sparingly sir at the nit, bearing r irs AE showy heads on stout les. Leaves all per sessile, brosdes or near the more or le 95 COF date base, 3 to 6 inches long, often with boh surfaces canescent slightly scabrous, the lower very soft. Sca les of the hemispherical pa me at un- angular summit canescent. Pappus of 2 lanceolate rae ted a scales, somewhat fringed. — i espor Powwlsl: ads middle-sized : rays 8-24: involucre irregular " imbrice ms s * ted ; the scales loose, or with squarrose iadinr ger foliaceous summi, a nae "m "ane dt (achenia glabrous ).—Corona-so ^ t eaves commonly sorde or scattered, the lower often opposite, audet Ee triplinervi obscurely ET H. Nuttalli : stem smooth ; leaves alternate, the lower opposite; nar gi acute, mostly entire, scarcely petioled, both sides E à Henanravs. - To COMPOSIT X. 395 Mlabecus : scales of the involucre lanceolate-subulate, QUE Rig towards the base; pappus of 2 linear-lanceolate chaffy awns or scales.—H. Califor- nicus, Nutt. ! an herb. acad. Philad. &c., not of »_ Plains of Lewis River, Nuttall !—Stem a pparently strict "ind simple. . L i 3 & ,, ‘eaves’ 4-6 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, "e veined; obscurely . tripli- nerved near the base, bme What cinereous bene the lower remotely and " sightly serrate. Heads nearly as giganteus. Involucre clothed with vibitish hairs, or often hens, es "The disk: corolla is 5- Hom . Or with intermediate nerves Boroepondiig with the axis of 2 only of a ciniæ, but not reaching the apex. * 17. H Californicus (DC.) : stem tall, smooth, loosely Das cup upper - nd Bliitgate, remote, elon — lanceolate, entire, attenu t the base, ~ jj Renae ig pane ‘both sides scabrous, triplinerved ; peduncle es Y ucre line ar-sublanceolate, a little ‘longer th pide iy a Squaronespreading, SAET -puberulent; achenia glabrous, Sawned T E ore | heads larger than in H. giganenás the rigid scales of the involucre ihedfly equal, not ciliate, very acute: pappus of poer — eta scales, tapering Sins an awn-like poin Mazimiliani (Schrad.): stem strigose- LEE, bra a hd; civis Buc (those of the branches one bt sae lanceolate. entire. N h end, brous nearly so, tapering to eac ninate, very sca and often Canes: cent-strigose on both sides, the sce | petoted s ; ; scales of the inv olucre lanceo- late-subulate, much attenua te, strigose-ca - pappus of 2 lanceolate m (e Aca scales —Schrad. er sem. hi Gatt. 1835; f Be Branching plant, ing umer- ous cod fully as a ein as ces "s H. giganteus; the leaves equally rough ; the canescent umerous much attenuated scales of in sides an involucre sometimes three-fourths of an inch long. In the wild specim We sometirnes observe two nerves near the axis of some papa laciniae ofi ‘hie one rolla. hianum AL 7. 66 or ^ Plik. alm. t. 159, f. 5. (Varies w " la om sometitnes infula ternately verticillate.) á ambiguus: leaves nearly all opposit e and c closely sessile, obtuse or ER. EE d dones of marshes, from Canada ! and Saskatchawan ! to E Kentucky ! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States ! a near Brooklyn, Long Island! Aug.-Oc -Oct.—Stem 3-10 n high, branched be above, oporo s M r4 Eo summit, smooth o nearl he wards Lea’ hes i zu jer ; * m P J " J (7 TUS ? " s TM Ad 2 P. + RAE A =P COMPOSITE. HELIANTHUS. — i eind, and usually slightly triplinerved at the base. Rays 15 LM F -pale yellow, an inch or more in Wr CUM is a common speciesinthe — Nortiern States, and is very Vineis the disposition of the leaves. The r. p. grows Ni. RW appar ntly otha into the eee state of the» lant ; but it is remarkable for hae the leaves not only opposite, but É beoadesflllóar the sessile base, much as in H. divaricatus. bd m — 20. TOSSE- noe dene stem smooth and glaucous; leaves al- — trai d pe lanceolate or ovate- Meier attenuate- -acüminate, sharp- ly early Serrana scabrous above, tom ooa e be- © EE s BE. obtuse a de base, all on slender naked petioles; peduncles .. B brous; scales of dei voluere eoo ME lanceólate, iphiy ciliate; pap- i pus of 2 lan ES Pci fring ges chaffy scales.— Martens, sel. sem. hort. T , § in Linnea, sup ple 1 . 133; less canescent beneath, Meats into the péligle ; stem scabrous B summit. sofiy sowie beneath; the lowermost opposite ; the upper fon ore or rg e stly acute at the s on shorter pee stem smooth and ro A HL giganteus, Hook.! compan. to bot. ma 98. “acl oc e. St. Louis, Missouri, Mr. Duerinek, arsa tens) | est- ern Louisiana, Dr. Hale! and Texas (a. & 8.) D y. St. “Louis, Drummo di. D: Engelmann! aod jo Peter's var. p Nicollet! to i ug.-S ; ! Dr. Pada Sullivant ! in the Texan —€— are Lm inches di tapering regular rly from near the obtuse base to the tioles 1-3 inches in length, feather- - veined, or or slighly pier oe the th the very soft an nd close tomentose totes of the lower surface turning brownish uen old. ds larg rger. appus s imes 1 s -— y- which ves app H. gig , In the very Smo f the a the slender petioles.— We hates n (in "bs Schweinitz) a curious mon- i state of this species, wi or into a 3-5-parted corolla, tel very long linear (3-nerve Bun E» with the einer, and even the (commonly 3-cleft) style also an : near, 3-nerved, » petaloid bodies , we Xo s E tomentosus (1 .): stem stout, hirsute- -pubescent ; leaves (am- ple, thin,) alternate or ly opposite, oval-lanceolate, or the lower ov rely serrate, taper ing to an acute point, contracted at the base, scabro T above, softly pubescent-tomentose beneath; the lowermost usually tripli- nerved; heads (large) on stout pedu uide: scales of the involucr much acumi žy © — RB 5 e = 2 = [i ~- = ac nate, elongated, sq se, villous; chaff of t EL (3-tooth and the corolla tomentose or t the summit; pap ; p ely fringed) awns.— Miche. ! f 2. p. 141 > Rul! sk. 2. . 9. p. 589. ; DC. pr : ; a heads yer: ENN leafy at the summit ; involucre foliaceous. a ; parent) a monstrous state).—H. squarrosus, gx ! in trans. Amer. pM T [ERE postegoval acu ac €— more distinctly iei ; scales involu ucre [es ac ot longer than the disk.—H. s mv in NE oH 29. p ves Partie e in the lightest ugue all opposite , eam thers wei — y soil Tni Y ] M ern portions “of North Meere E 2: Alabama! 4. C lombus, G orgia! Aug.-Oct.—Stem -8 feet high: r leaves nches broad, 4 ten op the upper ^ often a foot long, often 3-8 long, ecl feather-veined, d peut bes , but oni nx t at all so; all contracted at the base rt of winged petiole. | an inch or 1 VR scales hirsut $ E 3 E Ge Ls T p wk i x x rem HennNTRUS. —— COMPOSIT X. ~~ villous, especially on he margins. Rays 12-16, or in 3. 20, apparently yellow, an inch and a half long. Corolla of the disk pubescent. " vtt Lei nra or the €— sometimes alternate, 3-nerved or dm x " 2. H. Nodes (Lam.): stem SP smooth below, M. AES ` scent or hirsu Beit leaves oppos the per alternate, ova ate, or ovgte-lanceoiett , acumin nate, ire strongly triplinerved, scabre ve, ' sofily pubescent neni ; the upper sessile or F somewhat petioled 3) pice » (often slightly cordate) on | margined petioles scales of the involuc lanceolate, strongly e- te, ficamitinte h fataccels longer than em disk; a rays 1 x —Lam. . hel. 2. p. 84 (1789), ex DC. Pete r. 5. p. 587, excl. syn. Ell. & nae Vahl, symb. 2. p. 92, — & c. mag. t. 2A. not of Willd. . Hookeri, eth Lo viri hor 8- eaves appressed-serrate, sometin ely sessile, finely omentose- canescent A . pubescens, Hook. ! bol mag. t. 2778 dx, syn. 5, 4 8. E ompan bot. ma. y». A less s ti beneath ; the lower (often a foot long) coarsely serra Fields and river-bottoms, throughout the Western! and inlan d paoor the Reinticrs Stat July-Sept.—4A large species, 5 to 8 feet PE. pe ample leaves amd Mis heads. Rays an inch and a half long. C ‘the receptacle hairy at the summit, and m re or less 3-toothed. Ac vd ‘glabrous, or when young slightly pi above. Pappus of 2 fringed subulate awns,- e ofien with 2 or m termediate denticulate- pen -squamellæ.—The r. P. often ap proaches H. tomentosus; and so : petalus. itl smal ppressed t À ne or softly pubescent M Biipliaereed, Sealy contracted into short margined petioles ; scales involucre la late or ovate-lanceo sche acuminate, tomentosa, equal- ling the disk, the summits copre diinan p ioe mo: ; P i Ci.» e ! dict. ed. 7. no. 4. Chrysanthemum Canadense strumosu hort. Lugd.?) H, levis, Walt. Car. p.215? .H. maeropbyl* lus, W ! hort. Berol. t. 70, & enum. p. 920; DC.! prodr. ba i d pe _ decapetalus, Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 483. H. altissimus, l. 8. es. softly Can RR ‘mollis, Wili ie Pass. A 2. p. 572; Ell. ' à 1 ; no ^ e i l eins ae nder, pale b ont smooth be- ee. roll ir lanceolate, p. foliis Tanceolatis Hook. ! =e "Cor ses a Task: of vers, Canada. and throi West is States! E ue and Arkansas g / ^S $ m 2—4 feet high. Leaves 3 3-8 inc a an less to 3 inches wide wae the base, on petiole branch-leaves sometimes a than in the following, with s z 328 COMPOSITE. tips. Rays an inch > an inch and a half long, often half an inch wide, bright yellow. Pappus of 2, or sometimes 3, subulate chaffy aw = and fre- quently with 2 or 3 coal intermediate scales, all epas he v -0 differs in the dp gf the MONET of the leaf, which is iucapstist ted in E This species is some s cultiv iis each or name a H. decape- eee and a diffe eh plan sina to ha as H. strumosus: but e mistake not, this is the H. arbo e Millen, "of thé Kew ‘garden, &c. tis is sea Sein gnished by the form of the leaves, their inconspicuous ser- = 3 the whitish lower surface a . H. de eae (Linn.): stem branching, smooth below, scabrous at E s ie EM: opposite, or those of the br: PEN as thin, ovate, sees coarsely serrate, triplinerved, scabrous above, s or scabrous - beneat upper ovate- yen all abruptly lb into usually winged _ Tess scales of t voluere narrowly lanceolate-linear, loose, squarrose-spreading, ae, ate ilio: s than the is ; rays 8-10 (rarely 13).— Linn. ! spec . 905; Ait.! Kew. o» (e ed. » d oe UE sk. 9. p. 425?) Hook.! de t. mag. i. 3510; DC.! prod strumosus & H. Se Ell.! sk.2. p.420. H. unito us £ (partly) & UR Corsi Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312. H. frondosus, "Darts: ! fl. 83. Y. ix, SEA (Hook. bot. mag. 1. c.): exterior scales of the involucre larger and per one or more “al them ee xul to leaves.—H. frondosus, in aman. acad. 4 290, y spec 2. p. 1277. . opm pF alconme du ‘Canada ! qp» (dira States ! ! to Kentucky! an e saver ries of Georgia! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 2-5 feet high, Mas pur- lish. Leaves 3-6 inches long, 1-3 broad, dias s the base, coarsely ser rate or Koh rather paler and often gt but never pubescent ti beneath; * gc ur surface scabrous with short often aed hairs: they are very i when the plant grows in shade, and fréquent perfectly smooth h bena eads middle-sizéd, on slender terminal peduncles. Involucre very van ble. Rays rather pale yellow, an inch to an inch and a MA long, and ane third of an inch wide. Pappus of 2 subulate chaffy aw Bh. H. trachelifolius ees ): stem pr iene hairy or some- wW. sc opposite, or those of the branches alternate, thin, Or al abite or obléng- -lanceolate, MEME guae serrate, trip E nc , longer than the disk; the exterior often produced into long subulate squarrose-spreadin ng Bpbep tages ar 12-15.— Willd. qus 3. p. 2241, y enum. p. 990 ; Link, e “male Piles to "Ohio! des Pion Aug.-S ept. —What we take k, for H. Ae iilis, on the authority of a specimen pity in the s Berlin T Botanic Garden, as well as from the original character, is a species with habit of H. decapctalus but with narrower and more appressed abrrate EE : not strongly triplinerved, mostly long and slender scales of the ini which are often inclined to become foliose, and pretty large pale yello h Link. arks that it | ai 2.6 talus * th smaller K re at itis a more hey eae decapeta e ene ur e heads as large as those of H. deca stakes}, er others times abe lower su dg ace of the leav piss im rS 5 zlabr not sure that en desc Ber- any tolus p a —The SE aer in the 4 3 Panes, (very probably the H. prostratus, but not Viguiera prostrata, DC.) a Dis. dua be M^ state of this spe- an pa plant. : MA. > d HELIANTHUS. COMPOSITÆ. 329 96. H. hi rsutus (Raf.): stem simple, or dichotomous at the summit, hir- E "Tough; leaves opposite, more or less petioled, i faeere lee; ly cung sparsely serrate, mostly rounded or ob nerved or triplinerved, very scabrous above, hirsute- wert dos rcs scales of iio "infliluere ovate- lanceolate, acu minate, beige: ire qo ied, ai t rs Wu. gee y 12.—Raf. ! nat. (1820) p DC. prodr. 5. p. 5 (Varies with tbe leaves nearly ovate, RUPES mu ish, but me emibanaccous when xd wing in shady plac oh ug B. diversifolius: cauline leaves broadly ovate- in $ of th olat hose e branches oval or ovate, gcns slightly cordate, haii entire.—H. diver- ee Ell.! sk. 2 rach yphyllus : stem hispid ; leaves uniform, ovate-lanceolate, mostly T large e inches pins ine 2 state wide at the base), very fou. on ic s li : s 12 ô. yllus : Enallér: stem hispid; leaves narrowly lanceolate, scarce ly eair hispid. -scabrous above, roughish-hirsute beneath, the uppét ire. Dry soil, from Ohio! and Indiana! to feee re cd ei Aeg 8 svi of North Carolina ! pa rai x , Alaba y. Arka ô. Western «tem ! Dr. e worth ! "exa as, Dä ad uly-Oct.—A polym orphous species with rper heads than H. divaricatus (on short peduncles metimes leafy at the summit), and the 21. ed the involuore ont aba hirsute) more appressed, but the tips r less spreading: it is also distinguished by the distinct, Shine short petioles, Pappus of two subulate denticulate awns, longer than the achen ~H. aa (Linn.) : stem simple, or corymbose-2-3-dichotomous allies "smooth, or the branches and peduncles sparsely hispid with spreadi hairs; leaves opposite, Arancel, sessile, ovate e-lanceolate, or lanceolate from an ovate base, gradually acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved from the round- r a ery sc lengt an Sip ME eading, DE the disk ; 8-12.— Linn.! spec. 9. p.906; Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p.250 ; Pursh, T pr - p. 576 "ei the char ongs to H. gated Bigel.! fl. Bost. . ed. 2. p. ook. Bor.- Am. 1 1. p. 312 (excl. char.) ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. p. T bt g^ . 987. bia kp Porg- vii sk. 2. p. 416. Circe t au f: never alternate, mice divancalis a a sessile zi X i base, the ering to a sharp point, ong, an inch or less (rare- ly 2 inches =) wide a hs base. Heads rather eal Pappus of 2 ES sub- ulate chaffy i * * o & * * Perennial: heads small: rays e rary 10: rl i i Pss uos imbricated, — shorter tham the yellow disk; ty tines — Microcephali je acumenalte UPS. er UH i qx = if , somew hat serrate, petioled, v son, Der t be neath ; heads o on: slender coge is 21 em N * 330 COMPOSITE. HELIANTHUS. ciliate; the exterior with acute or acuminate herbaceous ; AanATTORe spot tips; rays 5-6; pappus of 2 small mgr eos awns.—H. div peels Miche. “Al. 2. p. 141; IET of Lin H.s sus, var. Me a CELT TIS p: S20. H. diede ges in ME egit 3. p. 617? 3 not of H. B. & K., (which apparently has the priority in ion.) 8. leaves more sharply serrate, the soft pubescence of the lower surface pee brownish; heads rather larger.—H. divaricatus var. ferrugineus, EE EGS y. upper leaves ovate ; ; i maa arger ; involucre more squarrose.— H. trachelifolius, Hook. / comp. to bot. Thickets, and in alluv ial soil, Tone onda (Goldie, in herb. Hook.) j cnm Pennsylvania! Ohio! Indiana! and Kentucky! to the western part of ak e and to Louisiana! y. Covington, Louisiana, Drummond ! July-Sept.—Stems growing usually in tufts, 3-6 feet di 2-3-chotomously branched oom clothed beneath s soft pubescence, and sprinkled with minute resinous dots, REY. vein did qiiam pes cn abruptly contracted into distinct petioles E 1 or less i ength (it is db bya print or error of the pen, Te "Elliot desc eru the petioles as 3 to 6 inches long!) : the lower 6 to 10 inches long, 2-3 broad at the e tapering to near! c ,8 i iameter. of the receptacle oblong, dem at the a and more or less 3-toothed. Rays nearly an inch long. Throat of the isk BEE y pearcely longer than the lobes, pubescent towards the base, as well as the ‘short tube. Pappus shorter than the nearly glabrous achenia.—Somewha hei in apk &c.; but remarkable for its very few rays, which are large for the size as the head, its smooth much-branched stems, and thin distinctly petioled leaves. - H. Schweinitzii: stem strigose-pubescent, branching above; lea ite (or those of the branches alternate), narrowly lanceolate, Aes to A iendos acute point, obscurely and sparingly serrulate, narrowed at t the n v i n r y sessile, triplinerved, very rous above, densely. tomentose and canescent beneat ead slender canescent peduncles terminaung th omous branches ; scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acute oF e h acuminate, hairy, the tips s anae; rays mostly 8; pappus of 2 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate chaff: = E OMNE Near Salem, North is ad Schweinitz ! and in Meskennera oun - M. A. Curtis | —Stem. apparently 3 to 6 feet high. Leaves thic kish; carcely an inch wide ne r 3-5 inches long, half an inch wide, more closely sessile. Heads rather a than in H. microcephalus : involucre somewhat hirsute-canescent; the scales rather shorter than the disk. Chaff of hs receptacle more or less -toothed ° and hairy at the summit. Pappus shorter than the glabrous 30. Bı lævigatus : stem glabrous and glaucous, bie n leaves Oppo- site, or the uppermost alternate, oblong- -lanceolate, acute, sessile, entire Of ~~ serrulate, with scabrous smooth and ) » vein di apr hep sh heads terminating the h acuminate scale wn EE d x TA x $ HertaNTHUS. COMPOSITE. 331 than in that species, pale. Meri -— at = ves but so or — sessile. eads about twice the size of t of H. microcephalus, of the e shape, on slender peduncles; the pirim vo the javob (all rv a hais “he disk) slightly ciliate. Chaff of the peente linear. entire, obtuse. rolla. of the disk with a long throat, and a very short proper tube. Achenia glabrous, r with a sometimes confluent with the larger oues, all deciduous, as usual in the genus 31. - cus arand (Pursh) : ides — -— — stems. endet, often numero the same root; leaves opposite or rarely virum s fro lineae-lanceolae, ipid entire, oecirely iplinerved, sessile ; the low and radical tapering into slender n! petioles, rarely somew hat f les etm heads few, terminating the simple or dichotomous branches; sca of the involucre ovate-lanceolat the ira with lanceolata bulitip spreading tips, as long as t y 10, ; iry at the summit; pappus of 2 ovate-lanceolate concave denticulate-fringed chaffy scales, and Puri with two intermediate squamelle.—Pursh, fl. 2. p. 571; Ell.! sk. 9. p. A17. Leighia longifolia, Nutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 365. . Western part of Georgia! in wet soil. Sept.-Oct.—An anomalous spe- ies, with the aspect of an aquatic ye ial a as Elio Anile very smooth thro ighout. Stems 2 to 4 feet high, nearly simple. Lea e inches a brous, e cept the summit. Pappus deciduous, as in eee begs areal "i t Obscure or little-known species. auciflorus (Nutt.) : leaves ied liner aneeoate, acuminate, Pia are ^nm a aut naked, trichotomous, few-flowered ; scales of the involucre closely imbricated, ovate. Nutt. pd 2. 5.175 ower Louisiana.—Plant 4-5 feet high. Leaves sometimes ternately Pin very long, paler beneath and somewhat pubescent. Ray an k nearly the sam e color. Nutt.— This species is unknown to us; we find no specimen in the erhia of the Academy of Natural Sciences 33. H. pumilus (Nutt.): hirsutely pilose and scabrous; lea waite pim ^ ted below W, ee nearly attics devoti upper leaves lanceolate, prede involucrum hoary, hispid, the scales im- bricated, lanceolate, acute, as well as neh receptacular pales; achenium | smooth.—Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. " - B.? Nicolleti: somewhat strigose-canescent: stem simple; leaves (the lowest wanting) lanceolate, 1-nerved, tapering to the cpi: sessile, obscurely serrulate; the uppermost alternate; sc ulate, canesce iy pubesce ent; rays 14 14-20; pappus of 2 oblong-laneeolate affy scales. Roc f the Platte, Nuttall ; who describes it as a seein sngle-sem Moncnsing of the bout a foot high; the leaves 2-3 inches long, about an inch wide. Heads 3-5. cere! achenium rather large and w ev. : in the N. W. Te RA by Mr. Nicollet, has fius wet leaves, about half an inch wide, and ponr ree heads for the size of af stem. It is per- haps different from Mr. Nuttall's plant, which is unknown to us ; butthespe- cimens are insufficient. We pei a fragment iid dada o a ies, col- B Se Met i 332 COMPOSITE. HEvIANTHUS. cted in the same region ae Major Long’s second expedition ; in which le ; all the leaves are opposite and somewhat spatulate, the cauline broader, and nearly agreeing with the pss of Mr. Nuttall’s H. pumilus. 34 ouglasii: upper part of the stem and branches priae y e leaves MR unte. rhomboid- oi scabrous-pubes eee obscurel tripli- d, sew or gii Ags este contracted into winged petioles ; peduncles tilii l, naked; erior scales of the involucre foliaceons, linear-oblong, obtuse, yea hàn ex disk, spirali or reflexed ; rays 12 or more, small; chaff of the pecie entire; achenia glabrous; pappus of two dicida subulate rod SA Een for y vs Chi /—The imperfect specimens ie whi we have de AST the summit of the stem, which appears to have been woe or r decumbent: the leaves are 2-3 inches long, including the cuneiform base or wi nged petiole. 35. H. hispidulus (Ell.): stem scabrous; leaves reas vins ovate- lanceolate, tapering towards the summit, serrulate, scabrous on the uppe surface, paler underneath and EU hispid ; — x ‘ies involacig ovate- lanceolate, gear ; chaff 3 3-tooth Ell. sk. 2 Pine barrens near Louisville, ‘Gece rgia Sept set shine 3-4 feet high. Leaves long, sae triplin nerved, very o scurely serrulate. Involucre as long as the dis rs 8—10, 0, about an inch long. Æll.—So wretched are the original s speci Ellio ts herbarium, now before us, that we are un- set with small and sc etii Falher si igid white hairs along the veins, Per ipis. d with deri resinous Lo tutes a lens), similar to what we frequently observe in H. str 36. H. multiflorus "e ): rhizoma chon inflexed ; stem erect, branch- ing, i abtoos ; leaves alternate, sometim y diee e, or the lowest ternate, petioled, okot, triplinerved, scabrous; di lower cordate, the upper ovate; seales of the involucre lanceolate, the e sei line mre ciliate, ENDE but not squarrose ; rays An numerous. DC—Linn.! (hort. liff-) spec. 9. p. 905; Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 248; Lam. ill. t. 706 ; Bol. mag. t. 227; DC. prodr. 5. p. 590, probably not of Pursh, &c. jua Hort. Cliff): but we have seen no native specimens that correspond with the cultivated we which has been known in European gardens for more than 200 yea : rode dou bt i it were derived from this country ; but if so, it probably ori- ic = e y Linneus as havin ordate-ovate leaves, with the scales 0 involucre stmt linear-lanceolate] loosely i imbricated, neither squa nor droopi E rd tt m species. 37. H. tuberosus (Linn.) : root bearing o éblon ng tubers; — — branch- T ing, se scabrous; leaves alternate, petioled, triplinerved, scabro errate Z te cone] cordate-ovate; the u ovate, acuminate 5 ; petioles carn per scales of the involucre Nur lupesclate;- ciliate. TA the base; iren Arg t t. adh Schkuhr, handb. t. 258 ; Beck, bot. p. 2 fence-rows, &c., in many laces, where it becomes (d. Said to have been derived originally from Brazil: "m EN Lovers m mec T T TESING c EU y HELIANTHUS. COMPOSITÆ. 333 cultivated for a very long period for its fleshy tubers.—Rays 12-15, Pappus of 1 to 4 subulate scales or chafly awns.—Jerusalem Artichoke. neglectus, Hort. Berol. 1840; we have seen no description of this species. Is it a rigidus ? H. villosus, Nutt. is enumerated in Loud. hort. Brit., but no-where described. 98. HELIANTHELLA. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-24, neutral ; those of the disk perfect. Scales of the involucre linear or lanceolate, in dons series, loose, somewhat foliaceous. Chaff of the receptacle persistent, embracing the achenia. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, elongated, 5-toothed, with a very short proper tube. Branches of the style very hispid, more or less obtuse. at the summit into a short auriculate and lacerate persistent appendage or into an Eb, sometimes with intermediate squamellæ, or an obscure coroni- ze, glabrous, or ciliate. —Perennial herbs, with linear or lanceolate mostly scattered and sessile entire leaves, and solitary showy heads termina- ting the stem or branches. § 1. Receptacle convex : appendages of the style E. hispid throughout. . H. grandiflora: stem simple, leafy, scabrous-pubescent ; leaves lan- Miss. Woar, 1-nerved, scabrous-hispid ; scales of d involuere lanceo late, acute, somewhat app essed, tat the length of the disk; rays 16-20, elon- gated; chaff of the receptacle as long as the sone; obscurely 3-toothed ; immature achenia oval, compressed, rous, with e sre p be summit, 1ewhat lacerate-fringed, i ne minute and deciduous aristate squamelle, the whole summit ediki uae a ring of minute hairs; the inner edge slightly winge i i . East Florida, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Burrows !—Stem apparently 3-4 feet high, the base wanting. Leaves without or rder, sometimes aei wee í h 2-4 lines wide, obtuse at the b ower 2 inchés; the ly an inch long near ch in dia ; the ita dum @ inches long. Corolla sparsely bairy towards the base, the teeth nearly gla- e two gibbosities or auricles of the achenia e the pappus of species of Coreopsis; th ich is formed by the prolongation of the inner and wing-l margin e achenium is often largest: the tmediate sq , but a crown-like ring of bristles which "ay takes their place: the small awns or squamelle, when p arise from within the auricles. brous, simple, or branching at the sum 2. H. tenui — stem sleni al near, 1- erved, very scabrous; scales of the in- mit; leaves very n eek near, y esl Ege lat , hirsute, as as th cha ‘oblong, 3-lobed, Meet aa the corolla ; : aec, HRSA short, quad- rangular; the and posterior angles strongest or so mewhat margifed, each produced en ai the s — into a stout persistent c chatty tooth, the interme- Sand hills, M idem Y Florida, Dr. Chapman Leones inches or more in wide. Heads not half the size of the preceding. tube very short and indurated. ngth, less than a line Disk-corolla shore: glabrous; ihe proper t | e * b p^ -nected 334 COMPOSITÆ. HLIANTHELLA. Style — - - — Summit of the ertum obscurely coron produced i somewhat lacerate tooth at the principal we ro inner angle pcm iod: very obscurely toothed the intermediate angles. § 2. Receptacle flat ; the chaff broad, chartaceo-membranaceous, entire: scales e involucre squarrose-spreading $ the inner linear- lanceolate ; the exte- rior foliaceous, or some of them changed into leaves: branches of the style smooth below, terminated by a short dilated or spatulate appendage, = hispid margins : teeth of the corolla densely puberulent externally : ovari flat, with narrow winged margins. . H. Douglasii: stem (the upper porn poe with spreading hairs; | eiu: angled; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ac essile, Pd gla- brous, or sparsely hirsute- pubescent on n the mide a e margins solitary, pedunculate ; the winged margins of the ng achenia Íacerate-fringed a PoJ ON the summit, not awned ; ; in ntermediate squamellæ obsolete Interior of Oregon ; ** common on the Mme range of ike ‘Blue Moun- tains, 3-5 feet high, rarely — Douglas! in herb. Hook.—The s cimen wants the lower part of the stem: it appears i be nearly allied to Mr. Nuttall’s Leighia p reas but te Pix en are closely sessile and tripli- ner disk an inch in n diam eter, = rays about 24) i is ; bord on a hirsute peduncle ndages = t the su su mit, a e not dn ae into awns. etter specimens, however, are for or the own determination of these species. —The coroll genus exhibits the ordinary venation of the family ; but some flowers of this vn s present the intermediate nerves, like most Heliant . H. lan ceolata : nearly glabrous; stem grooved, que 2-3 0 subsecsie heads; leaves c dai acuminate at each end, pe ore dee into PR r sin pee ice or thrice The length of the ovary ; interme diate asd Senta .—Leighia lanceolata, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser. ocky JC rae plains, and Upper California? Nuttall.—Having no spe cimens (except the ovaries), we have drawn the character from Mr. Nuattall’s description. The stem is said to be 12 to 18 inches high; hos lower leaves 6-8 inches long, an inch broad. Rays 12-14: the chaff re 5. H. uniflora: stem and leaves clothed with a short and soft oft somewhat cinereous ec iita leaves —Á -— acute, triplinerv narrowed at th s opposite ; head sol- y vate a m 2 stout apparently sts sowed awns as long as the ovary ; intermediate por melle 2-4, ior lacerate.—Helianthus | Bifrus De ! in jour. ac Philad. 7 Lei dis: itor Nutt. ! s. Amer. phil. soc. l- € ced M E on the of the ior. Mr. "Wirt eth ! je pue bes Me pieediog: a nd "i "e them with the nerves of the leaves CÓ 1 culated veinlets. Rays 15-20, more than an po peris ib atin a nearer vee to PL etghis than the others, tini it does not belong to that genu Leig chia 32 Hookeriana, Nutt. |. c.— Helianthus ba à DC. longifolius, : et ot Peri ia Wyeth robusta, Nutt. ! s, DC. SH. oni á : ; £e g $ oe ie d E HELIANTHELLA. COMPOSIT A. 335 note) from Maldonado, is apparently L. ene Hook. § Arn.; and L. Baldwiniana, Nutt. |. c. is Pascalia glauca, O7 90. ACTINOMERIS. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 131 (1818) ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 575. Pterophyton, Cass. (1818)—-A ctimeris, Raf. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers 4-14, elongated, or sometimes wanting. Scales of the involucre foliaceous, nearly equal, in 1-3 series, mostly shorter than the disk. Receptacle convex or conical, chaffy; the chaff embracing the outer margin of the achenia. Corolla of the disk with a more or less inflated 5-lobed limb longer than the tube. Branches of the style terminated by an acute or subulate cone. Achenia compressed, ob- pec E Ms ak 2 eee inte pier smooth er awns.— s, with alter- nate or opposite as or lanceolate serrate Piar BEEN pes s. which (although often tapering at the base as if petioled) are mostly decurrent on the terete stem. Heads corymbose. Flowers yellow, rarely white. $1. Receptacle very small, subglobose : scales of the involucre somewhat in a double series, spreading or reflexed, rather shorter than the disk: rays 4-8 or rarely 19, usually few and irregular: achenia broadly winged : di free in fruit: flowers yellow.—ACTIMERIS. - 4. squarrosa (Nutt.): stem si e or less pubescent and hairy a "M above; leaves eMe lanceolat the lower ovate-lanceolate, gi pering or ncuminate at both ends, Km slightly petioled, — above, hirsute-pubescent or nearly RE beneath, a heads i loose co- mbose panicle ; involucre i ate or oblanceolate, reflexe d; awns stout, ames rcs than the achenium —Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 131; Ell. ‘sk. 2. p. 413, excl. 2. Coreopsis alternifolia, Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 909; Willd.! spec. 3. p- 9957 ; Jacq. hort. Vindob. t. 110. C. procera, Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 2 Bi C. a amia, Pursh, fi. 2. p. . 969? Verbesina Coreopsis, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 1 a. alternifolia: leaves alternate, or a bower . mena opposite ; = jija alternifolia, reid. - oppositifolia : lower oe phe, e eus sometimes ternately x ver- ciliate (Engelmann, in litt.) ; rays 6-12.—4. oppositifolia, Entus, t. Franc. 1836, & in Linnea, 12," suppl. p. 77; scarcely of DC. — R one pie or alluvial soil, thmughonk the m: States from Michigan! to Ar- ! New Sartwell! and in the western portion the So Sakon. Athos As RO e 4-8 feet high, glabrous be- =a ho or more in nar coarsely serra toot zhafi ovate, much shorte the corolla, coriaceous.— The A. oppositifo- lia was described from a plant produced by seeds sent from Illinois by Dr. Engelmann, who informs us that the common n t of that region generally opposite leaves. grates andolle's description of A. oppositifolia seems to have been drawn from a variety of A. si oec nn ae. as * apptuded “ achenia lato- ato-alata,” which was probably taken from Frese ^. 336 COMPOSITE. ACTINOMERIS. $9. Receptacle very small, subglobose : scales of the involucre few in a aigle series, at length reflered: achenia usually broadly winged: rays none: disk squarrose in fruit : the corolla white.—ANACTIMERIS. . A. alba em smooth and glabrous, or scabrous-puberulent at the summit, often ‘slightly winged above ; leaves alte ternate, narrowly ees olate, abro oose tapering to each end, slightly petioled, serrate, scabrous ; heads in a | corymb ; set of the involucre lan ceolate-subulate ; achenia cross = 2 slender awns.—A. sedg var. alba, Nutt. l. c.; Ell.! l.c. Verbe Copes 6. site, Michz.! l.. c. ; Purs h, AE. Mhansa paniculata, Walt Car. p. 2 avial soil &e., = Apes to Western Louisiana! Aug.-Oct. m 3-10 feet high. Leaves 5-8 inches long; the low segni ow arply se rate ; y upper alten Meinem: but fre Res notat all so. Heads riter " squarrosa. Chaff n lanceolate, shorter than the flowers, Ritnbmdciour. Acheni ia with a very broad white wing; w ich is free quently so large that the transverse Haines of the He b» ebd as great as the longitudin al; while some of the a achenia, even ead, are nearly or quite wingless : Fhe awns longer t an in sib preceding aspici E the corolla with a more deeply cleft limb. $ 3. Receptacle conical: scales of the involucre in 2-3 series, not spreading or reflexed in fruit: rays 8-15, regular: achenia slightly winged : flowers yellow: stem (and sometimes even the peduncles) conspicuously winged with the decurrent alternate leaves.—P TEROPHY TON, Cass. (partly-) - A. he cient (Nutt.) : stem hirsute-pubescent; leaves alternate, Pres lanceolate, acute, xc gel closely sessile, erue Bt villous with soft appressed hairs € eath, s rigose-scabrous ve; heads in a contrac! acted | with 2 setiform awns.—Nutt. 2. p. 181; Ell. sk. 2. . 413; DC.! prodr. 8. p. 575, 5m p- 290. * Natali ra B. Elliot iL erbesina helianthoides, Michr. / ic ets, ms in prairies, Obiit Illinois! and Missouri ! to the western part of Georgia! Louisiana! and Arkansas! June-July.— Eae m 2-4 feet high. Leaves about 3 inches long ne or more broad, acute or attenu- "eri conspicuously appendiculate. | Chaff rigid, lanceolate, longer than chenia oval, pubescent; the awns rather short, very d E — The plant cultivated in the Geneva dmi as much broad er involucral scales than we have observed in indigenous specimens. The habit is is quite =e = the other N. American species : the disk does not become squat- rose ; and the receptacle is almost like that of Rudbeckia: A. ovata, an and A. tevapt era, DC. §c. apparently belong to this section. te disk; the innermost resembling the duff: rays 7-129: achenia usua y wingless, with short awns : flowers yellow: leaves i sessile, mostly 0P- vens not at all decurrent.—APTERON. (Nutt.) : scabrous-hirsute ; stem "imm icit # 2 - i = ACTINOMERIS. COMPOSIT X. 337 t the summit; the branches slender, naked above; leaves oval or lanceolate-oblong, sharply and — serrate, obtuse or rather acute, ses- sile by a slig ghtly cordate base ; the ermost alternate or scattered; heads ms eid co erg — E elongated ; wien obovate-oblong, oc- 4%) eire! on Or ngeh sides.— Nutt, ! E Sone cu phil. soc, "4 v.) 7. . p. 364. Helianthus aristatus, 2. p. 4 Dry sterile soil, Georgia ! EN and Middle Floda! “Aug -Nov.— Stem i E wn MAN often simple. Leaves 2-3 inches long, ted: road. Head each erect branch; the central or primary on a short peduncle" De dud on slender spreading peduncles ien» tfo vate-laneeo late, acute, longer than the achenia. | Awns erect, variable and somewhat unequal, but usually much shorte € the achenia. EE suspected this plant to belong to Annett dio ich there is no doubt: h the achenia are gener, ally wingless, or ob ey margined near ha sy à few of them are sometimes furnished with ac seem ing on one or bot sides : the heads resemble the preceding etin § 5? Ans of the winged achenia obsolete: leaves opposite, wed on the stem: peduncles naked, elongated : rays 3-4.—Acnazra, Nutt. ? pauciffóra (Nutt.): hirsute; leaves elliptical, obtuse, ‘serrulate ; peices very long, bearing 2 heads; achenia with a shallow cup at the it.— Nutt. ! in | Sill. jour. 5 Y ps 301, yy ans. Amer. phil. soc. l. ^ Flo . Ware.—Achenia obovate-oblong, r5. a = neq wing, which extends across ‘the summit. m forms a s slight c Div. 3. ConkoPsipE x, DC. (excl. gen.)—Rays neutral, ligulate, or very rarely wanting. Achenia obcompressed (that is, flattened parallel with the scales of the involucre), not rostrate. Pappus 2- (rarely 4-) toothed or awned (sometimes obscurely coroniform), or none; the awns or teeth often auus. na ever retrorsely hispid. a Pd 100. AGARISTA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 569; not of Don. aa eads s many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (8-10) neutral; those of the aid tubular, perfect. Involucre broadly campanulate, double ; the Es of (4, Dc) usually5 broadly ovate somewhat foliaceous scales, united at the base; ck interior of 8 oblong-ovate acute somewhat membranaceous aceous scales, longer the exterior serie tacle flat; the chaff membranaceous or E. hyaline, inanem d deciduous with the fruit. Rays obo- vate-cuneiform, truncate at the summit, m many-nerved. Corolla of the disk with a long and Aie eae and an ee UT oper d 5-toothed limb. Branches of the style tipped with a short m Achenia obcompressed ; those of the ray sterile, (but ate ‘Sensaillte ar an abortive ovule) oval, glabrous, margined, destitute of pappus ; of the disk oblong or elliptical, with h a lar arge basilar callus, densely villous with very long hairs, except the exterior surface in contact with the chaff. Pappus of 2 lanceolate 1-ribbed chaffy scales, arising from the angles of the achenia, about as long as the corolla, deciduous.—An annual very glabrous herb, with Vou. 11.—43 € Y ad t. Ead As e | COMPOSITR. AGARISTA; the habit of Coreopsis. Leaves alternate, pinnately and bipinnately parted; _ the rachis and segments linear. Heads showy, solitary, terminating the terete and naked summit of the stem or branches. Flowers of the or ray and of the disk golden yellow. * A. calliopsidea (Ds ! 4. c.)— Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 352. California, Douglas /—A very pretty pnt. a foot or more in height; the bright golden rays is 8 lines long, erenulate at the.summit. The ch chaff . which subtends each fertile flower is one at the base with the obtuse callus of the achenium, aud therefore A aider wc fein with it: the ex- — surface of the latter, which is covered with the chaff, is perfectly gla- _ ous. The two squamellee æ of the es pus are longer than the acborin MM * i À : : M : di S igi , S = Tie - Fela pat so that in this re speofikgiecords s with peel 101. COREOPSIS. Linn. gen. no. 981 (excl. spee.) ; Schkuhr, handb. t. d " Coreopsis, Chrysostemma, & Calliopsis, Less., DC. d. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 8 (wanting in one or two spe- à cies), neutral; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double, each of about 8 (6-12) scales; the exterior foliaceous, narrower and sometimes more numerous, usually more or less spreading ; the interior broader and often rather membranaceous. Receptacle flat or somewhat convex, chaffy ; chaff membranaceous, mostly deciduous with the fruit. Corolla of the disk with a e de tube, and an infundibuliform or campanulate 5-toothed limb. K ai aw ) or subulate appendage, or truncate, or obtuse. Achenia obcom pressed, mot rostrate or tapering at the summit, often winged, 2-awned, 2-toothed, oF somewhat 2-squamellate, or sometimes naked at the summit; the teeth or awns usually denticulate or hispid upwardly, but never downwardly- —Her eous (American) plants iu E. tags or sometimes alternate divided oF ‘undivided leaves. Heads ing the branches, solitary or corymbose. Rays (many-nerved) usually Be the corolla of the disk yellow or dark purple at the summit. — Anthers blackis 3 $1. Branches of the style terminated by an acute cone, or an. abrupt subulaté appendage : corolla of the ray and disk (with one or two exceptions) ee —Evcorropsi 1s. P * Achenia wingless, eunzate-ollong, I-ridged on each side, not incurved, 2- (rar dye er es what 3-4-) toothed or aw ned: chaff deciduous with the fruit the exterior e S à Lo ee nately or pinnately divided or lobed ; the segments serrate, very veiny in the . of Bidens; primary veins often running to the sinuses.—Diodonta, - oat accord with Bidens § n æa, except that the awns y : 1 c ofi ly wanting. Ww» s. Coreopsis. COMPOSED E. " 339. prenons to warrant their apin m Coreopsis; butif thin” ER done, ir Sight e join o Bidens at least to the broad- fruited section), than é niter into a distinct Rang as ye y Nuttall. t Rays none. m . C discoidea: glabrous; stem erect or ascending, diffusely branched; lene on long petioles, birnadily divided ; the divisions ovate-lanceolate, minate, s eA petiolulate, it errate, the teeth mucronulate ; the S pperili often simple ; heads (small) somewhat paniculate-corymbose at the extremity of the branches, on very short peduncles; exterior involucre of 3-5 foli ceous linear or spatulate bracts, usually much longer than the heads; scales of the inner involucre appressed ; Feud Beier y cuneiform-oblong ` or linear cuneiform, hairy; the awns or teeth erect, upwardly hispid, about . OS of the cor olla. —Bidens? aff. Bodiu ‘Sullivane/ cat, pl. Columb. PS. Wet luis es T. S Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant! ig Fn CES Dr. Carpenter! -Western Lawisiend, Dr. Texas, Drum- Virginia, Mr. Rugel! July—Sept. at MG 1-2 feet high er leaves sometimes we co Mature hog. 3 or 4 4 line es long terior involucre sometimes an in ong sometimes one-fourth o or even -— -third the eet of we achenium, but aes very much shorter, even me individua s plant has exactly the appeartires hen structure ofa Bidens $ Plaseaqred, bi that the awns are hispid upwardly. 2. C. bidentoides (Nutt. under Diodonta) : dwarf, diffusely bra iden < ly glabrous; leaves "pepe ar, incisely toothed, tapering ra a peto] "d Roses h exterior involucre of ys ear oe jiaeeous scales often longer than the Sed heads; dé inner. bran — with mere edet. tips; — an the coro linear- at uncertain origin, with the as pec ect of a idens ce atipa: tis small heads athe: ee, image: the lo ong big exser rere: the intermediate angles some- times with shorter awns. appear to be no rays; what have been so i of the + t Heads radiate. . 3. C. Prage ond : glabrous or nearly 80; eme 1-9- ' pinnat ely 3-5-divided; the upper 3-di\ vided or eene simple; the divi- sions lanceolate, s sharply or incisely serr eads paniculate ; scales of the r than the interior; achenia cuneiform or obo ite-cuneiform, nearly glabrous, cile i it ; id tri d some- 4 ELA leaves mostly 3- divided, with the lateral divisions e and small; or the uppermost frequently simple, lanceolate, elongated, petioled, sharply serrate, or entire towards the tapering apex.—C. aurea, Ait. ! fe not “of Lindl. C. deett Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 567. C. ambigua, Nutt. ! jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 75. : cauline leaves Bee 3-5-divided; the terminal divi- d g 4 —— i " * F CMT * = Pale ; i ry i Y; n E ] 340 : COMPOSITE. Corxorsis. + * sions linear, elongated, sparingly toothed ; m — — lobed or incised Ei “Dison leptopbylia Nutt. in tran s. Am Co bets a: pex Cie bipinnately parted o C vided — innately ! f. 2. p. 1 r -pipted. ihe à div ons incised or too 5; s, Mi chr. Wet places Vein he jut the d pe pom originally deseribed P a | specimen collected in East Florida by Bartram! (v. erb. Ban. nks.) Aug.-Oct.—@Q)? Stem 2-4 feet high, at length mucha "brolshedil Rays" ^ about 8, Ax pue rather large. “Ache 9-3 line ng, commonly not more than half as large as in C. tri cimi, à and pou broader s. e summit E air ET i or with very short somewhat hairy teeth. 4. C. trichosperma (Michx. labrous; stem somewhat 4-angled ; leaves on short sparsely ciliate veri pinnately 5—7-parted or divided ; the divi- - sions lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, serrate or incised ; the uppermost leaves _ often 3~5-cleft, nearly sessile; heads paniculate-corymbose ; scales ofthe exterior involucre about the length of the interior, linear or subspatulate, — some te $ achenia narrowly cuneiform-oblong, minut ely and s spameri ' ly hairy, hispidly ciliate toti crowned with two triangular-subulate hispid teeth or stout awns.—Michx.! fl. 2. p. 139 ; Pursh, fl. 2, p. 568; Ell. sk. n p. 439; Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 315; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 872. C. mitis; | Ell. l. c. & DC. 1l. c., asto char. C. aurea, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1228. di B. st smaller; the teeth shorter, ait sometimes obsolete! Swamps, Veg ite rdg and New York! to Carolina. Aug.-Oct. —(9! Seth - 1-9 feet high, much branched. Leaves membranaceus. Rays sometimes an inch long, showy, bright yellow. Achenia tdi mature 4-6 lines long, including the stout teeth, which sometimes taper into short erect bu awns, tare v ariable, and occasionally almost wanting: the proie E . . nd unfrequently produced into obscure intermediate teeth, a J the teeth somewhat connected.—Either this or the preceding species is the HE coronata of the Linnean herbarium (Virginia, Sp. Pl.); but the charac- ); , synonymy, and aia aod all relate to : West Indian plant, the idens Ere / Plum. Amer. ed. an urm. t. 53, f. 2, which is probably 1 idens le Ri Cen) Seago 5. C. aristosa (M ichx.): mier € 2 rarely glabrous stem k juadrangular below; leaves pinnately, the low bipinnately 5- arted or | petioled ; the divisions faadtcluto Ay jn serrate, incised, or incise- — ^ TE . heads paniculate-corymbose, numerous, peduncled ; scales of erior involucre (10-12) about the length of the interior, linear-oblong, minutely hispid or ciliate ; U^ viis flat, ob oora surrounded with an obscure win in, ger Siamese ; the hes id p slender, E verging, about the length of fus “ache —Michr.! fl. 2. p.140; DC. l- C. aristata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2253 ; yen l. y (excl es S. Car. ) Diodont tosa ! il. soc. Swamps, Michigan! Ohio! Missouri! ib Wes Su Lolina Sept. ? Stem 2-3 feet high, at len, HET. brácbiately much Mie Rays large. Awns (sometimes £i in number) somewhat variable in length, — but die and more slender than x ady related species; the acheniu alte, br and mcd with very hispid margins ; the surface likewise lee. p pid. pu istake not, the achenia are sometimes awn Re edis (Nutt.) : minutely (er cdd stem T ul ves 1-9-pinnately 3-7-parted ; the divis ns linear lanceolate, i ; heads paniculate ; scales of. the ak dor involucre bout20) - | S italie — sie well as the peduncl ad longer ers e»: eei * es oval, hispid-cilia toothed at the summit.—JVutt r: ud. 7. p. 74. Diodonta i Evain, Nutt.! in Pai N21 ^ d e F d C iy x sg sy ; ps w " + EC. he" ; r ^ * — à; cowrosrrs. " is à i L3 chiapas Nuttall ! * Dr. Pitcher ! — unknown. The plant entirely es ud C. aristosa, excepting the outer involucre, and the short teeth of 341 t at * Me obova. ateablong, Mes ol soletely 2-toothed at the summit : involucre near-. + , yas in Chrysostemma ; th wi scarcely united : rays entire : appendages of the style ovate-triangular, with EAA point : leaves ; opposite, ample, undivided, serrate, M s feather-veined. —Silphidium. 7. Osta (Michx.) : ey smooth and erg stem tall; leaves membranaceous, ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate, irregularly dentate-ser- . rate, with the teeth vapeur f um de^ contacted into peo petioles, pale ieath ; heads in pua: trichotomous mbs; scales of the involucre 4-5 in uh series; the exterior linear, iie íi —Michz.! fl. 9. p. 137. h mountains of Carolina, Michaux ! Mountains of Geor tia and North uckle BE Mr. Buckley ! g.—Lower leaves often long and 4 at road. Heads small for os size of the Mum : alive 5 or H da. Chaff ob- long- iwi ar. Corolla yellow.. Anthers long, black. Mature E ds » flat ovaries are obscurely margined. t ys EJ * + * Achenia elliptical, narrowly winged and somewhat Aoii LT mature, emar- ginate: the summit of the ring and the narrow emargination denticulate-lacerate : . chaff neil filiform, somewhat deciduous: scales of the exterior involuere linear, ob- at the base: rays obtuse, entire: corolla of the disk yellow, turning brownish: leaves opposite, petioled, 3-divided, or the lowest pinnately 5-divided ; the divisions entire, feather-veined: heads somewhat corymbose, exhaling the anisate odor of Lepachys when bruised !—Chrysostemma, “Less. " w 8. C. tripteris (Linn.) : smooth and glabrous; sem tall, simple, or corym- a bose bove; divisions of the leaves lanc eolate, a aoe with very scabrous margins, a and wi ith an obscure et a xir heads o — P uncles.— Linn. ! spec. 2. z 908; Michz.! fl. 2. p. Wi ld. ! sp . 9953; Ell. sk. 2. p. Anacis tripteris, drank. C enema t vipteris Je. p.997; DC. speeds: be BoD | Hook. bot. m. 8. leaves minutely sc scabrou s-puberulen Dry soil, and near streams, Michigan! and Missouri! to Florida! and isiana! 8. Western Louisiana, Dr. Veatch!” M Edo 2, Stem 4-8 feet high. Heads cec anh the age ng rays an inch or in diame- Mose denticulate fringe at the summit of the a is is ay confined to the wing, so that the pappus can scarcely The style is nearly as in C. senifolia, delphinifolia, is i in ett fisies more- ` i the summit of the wing is more mare. or Jenaieidieniate g * ; te Achenia oblong, narrowly winged, seha a tittle incurced, minutely & Cation, Nutt., excl. spec. 3 vE meme Csi hx.): softly and minutely puberulent ; stem quadran- " x ape E xol 3-divided ; € divisions Bern. on | , obscurely , entire, scarcely acuminate; yi Kr *X iy $ p di. jn $ 342 COMPOSITE. Coreopsis. * rays lanceolate or oblong, rather acute, sometimes toothed; disk yellow; . achenia narrowly md or FAM cuneiform, with 2 minute often deci- duous T3 vent ach bs ow wing slig T Eo towards the sum- mit.— Michz.! fl. 2. p. men E 2. E E 2. p. 438; Nutt.! in jour. ‘acad. Phal. 7. p. 775; DC! 7 ped 5. p. C. majo, - Wait. Car. B. stellata: p brous; S isions T the leaves varying from oval-lanceolate ~ (and acute or acumi t both ends) to rather ari pachi a eaa stellata pe. Ben: NEA ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. lia, Hook. bot. mag. t. 3484. ee rarely with the “middle division of the leaves 3- -parted, according to ed tt.) ry woods and in ux soil, a. Virginia to Georgia! in the low and mid- dle country, and St. Lou i; Dia ond! $. Vi ee to Alabama! Ken- ey e. ab ^ d in “the upper country. i es -Au ig^ —2 Divisions 1e C. b MM (ham) p or minutely puberulent; leaves osely sessile, 3-divided; the divisions weno r 2-3-parted, the m iddle one e acute; disk-flowers brownish ; achenia se pa -elliptical ; the aon wing © minutely denticulate at the et eran —Lam. dict. 2. p. 108; wf Lc Ce verticillata, Ehrh. l. c. ; Willd. l. c.; Bot. mag. t, 156; Schkuhr, handb. t. 260 ; Pursh, l. c.; Ell. Pe ©. SARGA B. linearis, Michz.! l.c... C rayi, Nutt.! in jour. € en ad. 7. p. 76. Ce ratocephalus delphini- folius, Vaill. ; Ehrat t, pict. yp B. rigida: ‘leaves (of the ‘aches often simple) 3-di vided; the divisions sanag from narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, or ibe conti one 3-cleft.—C. r ngida, am tt.! gen. 2. p. 180 (under C. senifolia), & in trans. Amer. phil. soc. iddle Dry soil, adi in ui woods, idcm to Georgia! — and bec Florida ! chiefly along the mountains. Aug.—2{ Stem 1-2 feet hi gh. es, ve ee) in the width of the Ax e (the gre from. ‘Lw E bro d, very commonly E ded), and i termediate betwee n C. verucillaéh ti and C. senifolia £. stella A 3-divi 3 the divisions oih Aor bioatdls paris the seein i j te at Ta h or rarely obtuse and wi m s PR herb.! & ex be Gronov.! & Pluk.! excl. eya: Il a Lam. dict. id o C. verticillata B. ai — ! fl. 9. p. 139. tenu = Ehrh. rti, T p. ue d ! sp 3. p. 52; Se , handb. d rsh, l. c. ; 2. p. 439 ge Jt. Sep B ka 572. sins ao Marianum, &c. st places and ona of swamps, Michigan (Lake Huron, and St. ges Dr. Pitcher!) Ohio, Maryland! to Arkansas! in the | hern Mes pam e s pran feet high, slender, stron ly striate. eotea appeari six, w whence the Lin de althoug cle is yo ng radit] ong- linean, is lon T té er!) " Lae wer to the mountainous ain Bes July - " whorls. t A auriculata d Conxorsis. COMPOSITE. 343. branched above, angled and striate ; leaves approximate, rigid, sessil e deal s 3-cleft; the lobes rather obtuse, w ith NEUE margins, lin eh entire, middle one often 3-lobed; rays obovate-oblong, someti toothed a the en ^4 “ee e the disk yellows ikonia linear-oblong or c piia, sighly ture, narrowly wing eo air Ea crowne isi ks on cR s or obéciié) teeth.— ! gen. 2. p. 573; T in ann. lyc. New York, 9. p. 215; DC. l.c fc ya ciflo ora, Lehm. ! ind. sem. hort. Hamb. 1833; DC.l.c. C. precor, i ind. sem. hort. Fran 1838. Calliopsis palmata, Snik: syst. 3. p. 6 Plains and prairies, Michigan! and on the Mississippi above the Falls of s Anthony , (Dr. Houghton: 7) to Minois! eae te ! Ar a nsas! and Lou dun e-Jul rh. Stem 1-2 feet , rather Leaves die 2 o d. with a cuneiform circumscription 3- iad. Ee the middle or poorly: idees narrowed and 3 ved at the base ; the lobes more or less — the lateral ones Saat cleft in the lower leaves. Heads ex or bometirlbs several, on short pedonclen fully s as large as in alpina peu ys br right ellow, sometimes en .a little acute, oothed, especially in oin Chaff filiform, alg uy dilated at ius summit, ei than the flower: `++ * * Achenia nearly orbicular, n — "e incurved when mature, often minutely poerculate, usually fi or tubercle on the inner side TN Cass. (Coreopsoides, Mench. Chrysomelea, Tausch, Net) 7 with the lateral division h smaller; the o tie on short petioles or ns mu MCI RU oblong or oval-lanceolate; heads mostly vay td pm rna cx duncles; scales of the exterior involucre oblong-line lanceo- te, at yen spreading ; aris nearly buena broadly xal strongly incurved when ri po : often minu tely muricate-tuberculate on one or both sides, Ro ira ith 2 very short ciliate-denticulate somowhat t squamellate teeth, which are Lp s pce or obsolete. a. cæspitose and somewhat stoloniferous ; stems short pe slender, ido or sparingly werden near the base ; leaves at first hairy, at length glabrous, entire and ro e small, or sometimes vid : me indi- vidual; the upper leas her a nei ly and Yr = ig of the s minutely denti- au boc? spec. syn. Gronov., Moris Sopa i £ 2. p. : E iin Mit. 1 Kew. (ed die Ie Pes fl 2. $. 138; — as : pes of Hoo. pn^ all but the uppermost on on slender ong, the terminal p L^ “és Lp. Q-" : PU và ?-obl qiie all entire; rays oval-oblong, rather acute, a i and with the leaves mostly softly pubescent, e dy or 4 leaves 3-divided or parted, 344 COMPOSITE. times larger than the lateral ones; the upper often entire, Pe lpm d —— — slightly petioled ; rays à cuneiform, t ^ at the summit.— culata, Schkuhr, handb. t. 260; Willd.! spec. 3. p. 2256; D . pubescens, (and C. werten, 2) Ell.! l. c. Coreopsoides lue ria Mañch, meth. p. 594. nacis auriculata, Schrank, in acad. Münch” nat. 5. p. 7, ex x DC. Leachia trifoliata, Cass. in dict. sci. nat. 95. p. 389. anal., ex DC. ry e ric ô. stem stout, very pubescent below ; leaves rmi: or nearly glabrous the lower 3-parted with small lateral segments, or unfrequently entire; the upper nearly sessile, enti m, ample "(3-4 siti i and 1 to nearly 2 inches broad), oval- Dolai or oblong; rays laciniate- toothed. veis uricu- ab. ata, var., Gray! in Sill. j Mun 42. Dry soil, in rich woods and along western Ai ire ! and Kentucky! to Middle Florida! and melos Louisiana ! more abundant in the mountain- ous districts. d. ntains of North Carolina! May-Se pt-—2{ Like most rne w hich nens throughout es sum ena ary BRIA gene many e have distinguished o the mo uming the smaller rand hal form as the type, bici is moreover i io vient of Plukenet, Clayton, &c. The stoutest and large-leaved var. ô. resembles some of the. oP uie e which have been long in cultivation. Ripe achenia dark row f 14.. C. lanceolata (Linn.) : estan or sing i glabrous; stems short, as- cending, often tee toy near the base; leaves entire, with ciliate or scabrous margins; the radical and lower. tilia bie spes or epaiko tapering into hairy petioles; the rUppe r oblong-lanceolate or -la ate, sessile, eighux connate at the base (the uppermost en alternate) he: ads ostly solitary, on very long naked vad se ; scales of the exterior ‘involu- cre ovate-lanceolate; ra s dee ply 4-5-toothed or incised at the summit ; achenia nearly orbic ular, ineurved when mature, broadly winged, crowned with 2 very short auriculiform denticulate maoris which ie Ag come (especially i = Arp Meta oci te. teeth.— Linn. ! spec. 2. Michz.! fl. 2. + DC. odr. 5. "810. eopsis, inn. - f hort. Clif. p. 420. enchia lanceolata, ( (& 5 p 970, Co 1) Cass. l- Chryso- melea lanceolata, T'au. s a. succisefolia a (DC. T pon aves P or slightly pubescent, more 0 r ess ciliate (the stem often elongated a e branched in cultivation). Bidens succisefolio, radio amplo locii. phos Elh. t. 48, Í. B. angustifolia : leaves glabrous, narrow, mostly ci idiot bns cauline ones On stem short, or rarely somewhat elongated.—C. lanceolata B. fos. ! lees; DC.! l. c. (chiely.) C. Diueolus. Hook. ! fl. Bor - 311. ye ‘villosa (Michx. ! 1. e.): very hairy EE throughout ; the peduncles - . and involucre (and sometimes the surface of the ee oblong-lanceo- late leaves) becoming glabrou Paik. Nr C. crassifolia, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 253 (fide Pursh, Se); Ell. sk. 2. p. 434. C-0b- longifolia, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7 7. p: 76. CUM ather damp soil, Virginia! and N. Carolina! to Florida! red I $ , 15. C. grand TN (Nutt.) : glabrous stom slender, — simple _ or branchin ing; leaves on hirs vie or what cilia -— petioles; the radica Mec inear-spatulate, or sotishi divide ; the cauline 1-2- e 3-5- bitte with the segments or or lobes narrowly linear canaliculate ; the uppermost sessile; heads solitary, on long s scales of the ext exterior involucre lanceolate or ovate- ENS rt : pa " EN » Coreopsis. COMPOSIT 2. 345 about the length of the inner, —€— or etn enced rays 4-5-cleft at the apex; achenia orbicular, winged, rved, wiet with 2 short denticu- late-fimbriate ski e teeth. - Nutt. A in hort. Barclay ja 2" trans. Amer. bee soc. l. c. p. 358; Hogg, in Sweet, Brit. fl. gard. t. ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 572. B. longipes : heads € smaller; exterior involucre diner than the in- ner ; radical oes commonly undivided.— C. longipes, Hook. ! bot. mag. t. - 290 86 ; à y. subi grifolia: radical and lowest cauline leaves narrowly linear or iioi. iniret one or more of the upper 3-parted, the latera re ara smaller; exterior involucre gooi shorter than the inner.—C. Boykiniana, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c Plains of Arkansas, wie ih and Texas, Nuttall! Dr. Pitch- ! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Eng gelmana! Drummond ! (a. & p.) Also Al- wii Dr. diii! y. Texas," Drummond ! Booth Missouri, Dr. En- gelmann ! Georgia, LeConte! Dr. Boykin! July—Sept.—2{ Plant 8-12 c chenia brownish, e See tubeteülaté- on one or both sides, as in all the speis of this se - C. coronata (Hook.) : stem slender, erect or diffusely branched, naked ee labrou o near the base ; leaves flaccid, hairy, on slender petioles, Nate oon qe blong, obtuse, entire, or the lowest 3-5-divided; the lateral divisions dibus. smal, scales of the exterior monos EA ciliate, shorter than the inner ; rays e at the apex, ‘ marked with a purple achenia ova (2-3) squamellate ae kl 7 bot. t. 3460, n Texas, Drummond ! Mr. Lindheimer Up P lant 8-15 hee high, either simple or branched near a base; which a is leafy: the naked or peduncle, 6-10 inches long. Heads ier hae in C. lanceolata, ke. Limb of the leaves an inch ee —The rays are sometimes entirely yellow = 2. Branches of the style truncate and slightly penicillate at the apex: ache- nia naked at the summit, or with two short or obscure teeth, more or less in- curved, often minutely ibtesibo chaff deciduous with the fruit: exterior involucre small : rays mostly 2-colored (yellow with a Ape Grid spot at the base), toothed : disk-flowers dark purple or brownish : leaves opposite, 1-2-pinnately divided, the lobes entire.—CArrroPsis, Reichenb., -—- _ * Achenia wingless. - C. Fees mondi > iin. al, more or less Viii: or hirsute with joint- airs; leaves pion 3-5-divided, or sometimes simple ; the divisions for eaves) on oval or oblong, entire, or with the margin undulate ; scales of the or on ie lanceolate-acuminate, a little shorter than the interior; ally 5- hed, t the | E une length of theinvolucre; achenia obovate, 2 e inutely 2-t thed at the apex, erculate.—C. diversifolia, bot m t. 3474, 101 of DC. Calliopsis Drunimon dii Don, in Sweet, Brit. fl. gard. ser. 2. t. 315. 8. leaves mostly pinnately 3—7-divided; the divisions entire, or frequently — mmond apen 6-20 inches ap branched above. Rays i as purplish at the base. Achenia much incurve ed. VOL. as 4j ti à < E ss A ee x i " 1 : L3 346 COMPOSITJE. Corm 18. C. tinctoria (Nutt.): annual, glabrous; lobes of the leaves linear-ob long and linear; scales of the exterior involucre very short, acute ; edi. ue t the summit, twice the length of the interior —— achen riers minutely tuberculate on both sides, or etimes ee noon. — Nutt. ! ppe aca a os ilad. is Pw Bart. fl. Amer Sept. 2. t. 453 Bot. mag. t. 9512 ; Bot . 846; Brit. fl. gard. t. 72. Diplosastera ; tinctoria, ZA Lote Canal ex DC. Oalliopais jE “ Reichenb. | 70" otto SOIL CG; stein DC. ! prodr. 5. p. "e bot. m eid. atropurpure mp prairies, e the Upp Ap reat (Mr. Nicollet !) to Western Ar- tones Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Engelmann! West- e m d [a ° = x 8 9 = E! zr 1d & 3 [3] 3 BS e = >: PEF d high. ays go — towards the base deep brownish=purple : in cultivation nearly the hole ray sometimes becomes dark purple, ‘as figured in Bot. mag. t t. 3511. * * Achenia winged. C. MU des pem gl.): perennial, glabrous; lobes of the leaves d fear or repa ate; scales of the exterior involucre linear-oblong, 0b- tuse, somewhat scari juss rays obtusely 3-t aes thrice the lengt of the in- terior ee e; achenia eint distinctly winged, crowned with 2 very short (often deciduous) subulate teeth Dougl. in Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1376. ` pret ge Atkinsoniana, Ho os! » Bor.- pois 1l. p. 311 ; DC.! prodr. 5. 568. “Oregon, near the coast, Douglas! Dr. Scouler !—This s species, now com- mon in the nnn gardens, appears to be the only one indigenous to Ore- gon. or any part of the country west ofthe Rocky Mountains. It greatly re- mbles C. tinctoria, but is a larger plan 20. C. cardaminefolia ; annual, glabrous; lobes of the leaves obovate oblong, of the upper linear-spatulate or narrowly linear; scales of ! he exte- rior involucre very short, rather obtuse; rays 3-cle ft at the summit, twice the length of the interior involucre ; achenia broadl y oval, winged, d, often with 2 me subulate teeth, smooth or very minutely tuberculate. —Calliopsis cat- folia, DC.! l. c i B. CIA ale : lobes of the leaves all narrowly linear; achenia tubercu- ate. Texas, Berlandier ! cP. Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale !—The yours ipii are usually erowned with two subulate teeth, which are united with the wing, and uices proce a little beyond it § 3. Branches of the style truncate or terminated. with a very obtuse cont: achenia straight or slightly incurved, crowned with two upwardly serrulate or hispid awns or subulate teeth ; the winged margin mostly fring ged or dis- sected : chaff deciduous with the fruit: exterior involucre small : rays a: 3 at the summit, yellow : disk-flowers dark purple : naked and dichotomously corymbose at the summit: leaves opposite or ater nate (often in the same species), entire or sparingly lobed. —COREOLOMA. * Achenia slightly incurved, surrounded with a broad entire wing. —Calliopsidium. 21. C. Leatenworthii: glabrous; stem terete, slender, dichotomously branched ed at the summit; bia opposite, narrowly linear, entire, OT of ih | | with two lateral linear lobes ; the lower ones petioled ; sca scales T exterior involucre v Miis dbou, ovate-lanceolate ; rays 3-toothed ; om att surrounded by a conspicuous pectinate fring Conrorsis. | . COMPOSITE. 347 cluding the broad Pese gs roundish oval, crowned with 2 awn-like he teeth, which exceed pete Tam Bay, and n erat Drane, Florida, oe Leavenworth !—(2) or 2(? pa Stems often several (rdi the same root, 1-2 feet high. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, scarcely a line wide. Rays 5-6 lines in length, en A bm St - disk brownish-purple. Achenia dta: the wing of each side — the achenium itself: the awns or teeth minutely se errulate, som stem : ceeding the wing.—Di ers from the Calliopsides with winged stents amt in the more anoa teeth, and the entirely yellow rays. * * Achenia not incurved ; the margin serrulate, or with a lacerate or pectinately dissected - wing. (Eublepharis & Rhabdocaulis, Nutt., excl. spec.) C. gladiata bns vidil stem terete, striate, E Nilo 4 at the mit; leaves somewhat fleshy, alternate, remote, tire, or the upper ones frequen dy with 1 two lateral lobes; e lowe idt oblong-lanceolate, sometimes 1-2-iernately-parted, tapering into a long mar- ined peti ing at the base; the upper sessile, ngrit Aidt- r linear-lanceolate, mostly acute; bracts alternate or opposite, subu- of th ior i bed late- pua ane tage half the cip of zn corolla.— Walt.! Car. p. 21 Nu 180; Ell. sk. 2. p. p DG. Logd dina, Miche. 4 Ca e dy! Damp pine barrens, North Carolina! to Georgia! and Florida! Aug.- Stem 2-3 feet high, naked above, 2-3 times dichotomous at the er lea r p ved: Opposite. TE henia ip eren or minutely Papaa ecabióutr about twice the length of the awns; the linear segments of the fringed Um often as long as the achenium itself i is vile, appearing like a dissected wing. . C. — —À Vor ): glabrous; i acutely 4- angled, virgate, slen- nes dichoióo: mously branche d above; lea quen uy alternate; the sadail and Eom dtiafipn oblanceolate or —€— O tapering into a dendi r petiole ; the oth ard: i 'e * gà z 3 ó E a E = e A B EJ 2 Po E7 & 8 m et [nd z- & n du = - -— v middle lobe largest ; dia elliptical, imn by a la r wing, crowned with 2 short | M pras z hispid awns.—Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p.253. C. di ian Miche. fl. 2 s ah (at Vai in pes} C. linifolia, oe ^ wi acad. lae ad. 7. p. 5i. Se (Bh Rhabdocaulis) an olia & niola, f . T. « $0C. Moi verear AR Flori e Partei Dr. Cha <8 Mr. Cronai Alabama, Dr. Gates! &c. New Dr. Lenven Dr. Ingalls! Dr. Hale! of Texas, Dr. vork! mington ?) ) Me. Curtis! June ?!-Sept-— H "Stem 1-3 feet bigh, Aro tween the angles. Leaves more frequently all opposite, rare rely a ll alternate, i rely punctate; the cauline ones short cn and becom goaia eee =s mrs feed Mb nch s Was Tnsear practs. Heads loose corym ber, e ade patie: spreading. Corolla of the disk dark purple, much longer than the setiform awns of the ac e below, striate-angled labrous; stem teret 94. C. bw i net (Poir-): 5P T oine, entire, with a rn Louisi N. Casting, (near Wil chenia. X 35s and often cory above ; leaves ovate or oval entire, opposite, or the lower fre- - * 348 COMPOSITE. Coreopsis. whitish and somewhat cartilaginous smooth or Ren t yc margin; the lower ones mostly alternate, and tapering into a margined somewhat claspin, gentes the uppermost much s ees d ge ses heads few ; scales of e gin m a ciliolate- p crowned with 2 very s D upwardly serrulate a ped anp? . p. 252; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 570. C. Œmleri, Ell. sk. 2 Cartan. “Bose! Georgia, “ near the junction of Broad and Saluda Rivers, rt. Œmler,” ex Elliott. Near Columbus, s irae e on the banks of Spring Pw Decatur EH in the same State, Dr. Chapman !—@)! Stem 2-3 feet high. Lower leaves 3-5 inches bud with a eae nearly end, obscurely feather-veined, v arying in outline toms ovate or oval to elongated lanceolate; the uppe ehair and often opposite, on short connate petioles ; the uppermost eieo to bracts, always opposite. Rays bright yellow, nearly an inch long. Corolla of the disk dark ple at the summit. Branches of the dela vile purple, terminated by a very obtus capitate minutely hairy c Awns rather stout, scarcely one-fourth di Tength of the immature acligaiita Ask: 3 § 4. Branches of the style truncate or terminated with a very obtuse cone: achenia as in Coreoloma, or naked and wingless: exterior involucre small: rays 3-5-loothed, rose-red : the dis -flowers a yellow : leaves alternate or opposite, undivided, and entire.—CosMELLA at MMC oe de C. nudata (Nutt.) : glabrous; stem terete, dichotomously branched above ; leaves few and remote, alternate, terete, subulate ; beds lower n gated ; the upper very short; scales os the enteo involucre much short than the interior rays (rose-red) broadly | Maur dete bovit, pc ' 8-5-toothed ; achenia eb see surrounded with a narrow laciniately lace- rate wings on crowned with two short upwardly fibi: serrulate awDs— Ss .! gen. y: p. pe d in t baie Amer. phil. sóc. l.c. Calliopsis nudata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 6 ear St. Mary’ 8, West sind Baldwin. Apalachicola, Dr. Chapman! = ! Stem 2-3 feet high, somewhat corymbosely branched, and bearing 3 to 6 or more show eh heads on baked pe edicels. Leaves, or rather petioles without lamina, partly clasping at the base; the lower ones (2-3) about 6 inches long, subulate-filiform; the uppe ermost reduced to minute bracts s Mosam UE yi ee ACH An brownis ^ rt, pubescent, rather acute ne. Awns scarcely exceeding the WIDE of the achenium.—This s plant an Cosmos in the color of the How - the section Coreoloma in the achenium and style, dichotomously Am bose heads, &c. The following species is a Calliopsis except in the color the "Bowel 26. C. rosea (Nutt.) : stem leafy, mostly br branched ; leaves opposit rowly linear, wp ere scurely 1- pete narrow ed atid slightly ciliate p * re m he ads es FR nodis es rad aee very small; rays, a ; u i E "i yi yes phil. s soc. l. c. ; Bigel. ! fl. Bost: e. . Amer. Sept. t. 12. Calliopsis rosea, pres -syst | Coreopsis. COMPOSITE. 349 Sandy or grassy swamps, from PI lyencnithy, Massachusetts, Mr. Oakes Mr. Russell 3 Nantucket, Mr. T. A.Green ! and Rhod $e A abut Bailey! to New Jersey! and Georgia. July-Aug.—2{ Pla nches high. ee uidi. Appendages of the ym (yellow). slightly Sa pital and trunca! C. es A ees ill. t. 704) is of unknown origin, and is unlike any North Ameri- can specie C. dais Ad rite E s " stem simple, flexuous ; leaves linear, thickened, the lower ones attenuate upper ones opposite; flowers terminal, crown -flowe red: cules 4-fid,” Raf à in ed repos. (hex. 2) 5 . p. 361, (South New Je ersey) is not likely to be iden C. aspera dubi “leaves lanceolate-linear, rough; the t pes alternate, the lower opposite; stem one-flowered,” Pursh, fl. 2. p. 5 570, is said to have been de- scribed from a Marylan specimen in the Banksian herbarium; where, however, we not recognize the species C. ies sh, lec et “leaves ee ter s acute, denticulate, somewhat hairy, alternat ; flower corymbose-paniculate," wh ich w eene eun unable to iden- tify in the uidi an irati is perha ifa s Actinomeris squarr PenaurBUS, Raf—Under this name Ra finesque founded a genus in his Annals of Nature (1820), which is chief fly characterized by havin may aries achenia, and the scales of the involucre beim! longer and shorter in a single series. It was established on a Kentuc ckia n plan nt, P. hi iirtus, which b Rudbedóa triloba! To the ti he referr several species whic ad not seen, viz: his own Gaomi sehr of the Florula Ludoviciana, the cuta, Pursh, and the C. palmata, rosea ue udata of Nuttall, none of which pem with his - Character. + Div. 4. Brpentipes, Less., DC. iim neutral, Sepp or some- times wanting. Achenia obcompress often tetragonal or terete, and Pepe Pappus of AP (rarely $4 pens barbed or faini hispid 102. COSMOS. Cav. ic. 1. p- 9, t. 14 & 79; DC. prodr. 5. p. 606. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers (about 8) neutral; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double, each of 8-10 acute or acuminate es, more or less united. Receptacle flat; the chaff membranaceous, at tenuate-acuminate. Corolla of the disk with a slender tube and a E icol limb. Anthers with a scarious cordate appendage. Branches of the style thickened and very hairy or bearded at the summit, terminated by a subu- e cone. Achenia tetragonal or terete, attenuate or rostrate at the summit, sometimes stipitate, crowned with 2-4 retrorsely barbed or scabrous-hispid . vtr awns.—Annual or perennial (mostly Mexican) branching v With opposite 1-2-pinnatifid or divided leaves, the lobes mostly entir Heads on slender peduncles terminating the ioc es purple, i: or rose-color: disk-flowers yellow; the anthers bro l. C. B. & K.): glabrous or slightly hairy ; leaves petioled, SE didt f oinisis. feather-veined, ciliate-scabrous, * Lg in Sides smooth and even when young: the awns or teeth Wu rts * pt "um m: m 350 COMPOSIT X. Cosmos. ES cuspidate ; scales of the involucre scarcely united ; the exterior linear-laneeo- late, cuspidate, € SENT nearly equalling the scarious or colored in- _ terior series; chaff o achenia 4-angled, Her ppi a very long np 1 i gen. & spec. 4. p. 240 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p: abis Bidens Borsan, Spreng. p. 454; a L 19. Key West, Mr. Blodgett! A common West Indian species; also natur- | i ft alized in the East Indies.— Ra 5s rose-color, 3-cleft at the summit, scarcely longer than the involucre. Achenia (about 20) nearly an inch - long. ; 103. COSMIDIUM. Torr. & Gray, mss. ; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 361 Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 8, neutral, or sometimes wanting; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double, each of 8. scales; the interior oblong-ovate, somewhat membranaceous, united to the Saddle, much larger than the exterior. Receptacle flat; the chaff scarious, oblong, obtuse, with 2 approximate colored nerves, shorter than the flowers, partly investing the achenia, and deciduous with them. Corolla of the disk with a very slender tube, and a deeply 5-cleft limb; the segments long and - linear, recurved. Anthers and style as in Cos (the base of the latter dilated into a conspicuous bulb.) Achenia ui nins (obscurely angled when young), terete or slightly obcompressed, a little incurved and tubercu- late on the bac en.mature, not rostrate, the abrupt summit crowned with 2 dentiform cob pectinate-ciliate (persistent ?) awns.—Annual and pe- rennial Iichotonióni or brachiate glabrous herbs, with slender branches naked at the summit, and terminated by rather small heads. Leaves opposite, somewhat fleshy (the lower petioled, the upper nearly sessile), 1-2-pinnate- id parted ; the divisions or lobes linear-filiform, canaliculate, entire. e Eve: the disk-flowers sn : the chaff white. ae: Jilifolium (Torr. & Gray! 1. c.) : lower leaves twice ternately oF Monac) divided; the upper aue s 2 5-divided, or the uppermost si simples the divisions attenuate-filiform ; scales of the rior involucre with broad Dr. Engelmann! Texas, m e / May-July. 00K. Stem 1-3 feet high, much branched." Heads s nearly as large as in in Cep tinetoria. Achenia about 3 lines long, erustaceous when ripe, one Or leaves deseada or pelate wly linear rigid lobes; the uppermost arly simples m 1 ay x ly about ; n. > $ Cosmipium. COMPOSITE. 351 scales of the inner involucre united so the middle, spur heist scari- argins, the exterior Saf e, obtuse, very short; rays varies oblong-linear, crowne 2 cubolate 'retrorsely y pectinate- leid (oec ous ?) awns.—Bidens prs To yc. zv York, € Upper Arkansas, on the Cana Mrs Ris c De Jam AT Ea 2 feet high, X og from the bey Vr iie and nake e t the summit, striate. Chaff &c. in € preceding. Awns stout, concave, about the length of the tube of the corolla.—'The single EA oe brought by Dr. James, the acl ag extant, is not very perfect. Perha aps it sometimes bears ray- 104. BIDENS. Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 167; DC. prodr. 5. p. 593. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (3-8) neutral, often inconspicuous or wanting ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double; the scales dissimilar or nearly similar, the exterior frequently large and foliaceous. Receptacle flattish; the chaff deciduous with the fruit. Corolla with a slen- der tube, and an infundibuliform-campanulate 5-toothed limb. Branches of the style hairy at the summit, terminated by an acute or subulate cone. Achenia obcompressed, or slender and more or less 4-sided, often attenuate or rostrate at the summit, crowned with 2—4 (rarely 5-6) rigid and persistent retrorsely barbed or hispid awns.—Annual or sometimes kic us (mostly American) herbs; with opposite, incised, serrate, or divided leaves, jos veined (the numerous primary veins often running to the sinuses) and reti- culated. Flowers mostly yellow or yellowish: the anthers pale or emo 81. Achenia flat, oval or cuneiform, not jiita at the summit; the margins usually ciliate or hispid mostly in a downward direction.— PPrCARPR), DC. | “acuminate, pun serrate (rarel 3-lobed or part x d heads discoid, obi alai scales of the exterior foliaceous involucre longer than the head, mostly acute, conspici (ed. Michx. ! fl.9. p. 136; Willd.! s ec. 3.p .1718; Pursh, l. c. 431; Hook. PE Am. ps; Bizel. JL. Bost. ed. 2. p. 294; Dar- lingt.! fl. Cest. p. 486; Dc m oist fertile AL oradh eir and the United States! dee und barn-vards and moist corn-fields, where it is a very tn esome weed. Ju = Re —Stem 2-6 feet high, branched. Petioles, d pres the low wer surface of the leaves, a little eet Scales of the outer involucre 8-12, imes twice to si t ceolate, eati: Flowers end. Margins of the achenia up- wardly ciliate, € near mmit, where the bristles are usually re- k-ti Dirr Mari nata - late 2. B. Muhl. e leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, ‘ute or eac iii mp e, tapering into margined petioles, E. te at the base; the lower am often ternately divided ; the lateral se, T "fw Pix aa Te zi " he : E * P e eis i 45 : UOS ant d 352 : COMPOSITE, " * ments Suid B ex base and decurrent on the petiole; heads discoid, mos A gernua, Darlingt. ! 4. C 2. p. 294, $. - petiolata, A fe oed ed. 9 hene mpy g and margins of ponds, Canada and s out ue A bim Biates’ ‘ ‘Ohio! Kentucky! Missouri! and the western part Georgia. July-Sept.—(1) Fide b Sos s high, btloched; Leave ry smooth, thin sad membranaceou young, d map os acuminate at each e egnen? all Undivided, #xte volu ble in size, sometimes 1-14 inch long; the inne E ieri rans d bona with a yellowish Tan margin. Flowers fedrith- -yellow ; ae ay d erally, : not always wanting.—De Can iae has mistaken 1 Hook memes in stating thar the leaves are, si wim ternate, nately erit ate s species is talofuced into Dr. Shore s Catalogue d ow r Kentucky plants under ihe name of Bidens cole. Hie, n the aware that Sir Wm. Hooker, or any om p has Lens ished Me: * : with this name. In the aecount ond’s Collections in Ba United — ü States, however, a * Bidens comat eris ' is enumerated; but P i — has no such species, we suppose B. Mna Muhl. to be Stenda. & UN _ _ 9. B. cernua (Linn.): glabrous, or often hairy towards the s "leaves divided; lanceolate, unequally serrate, the upper ones "exo 1 nate; heads (discoid or radiate) nodding; exterior involucr onger than the 4 5 ead; achenia obovate-cuneiform, 4-awned, the margin jeupiloly cilidtéchi m —Linn.! spec. 2. p. 832 (var. discoidea) ; Engl. 14; g” ede 235 ; Koch, fl. Germ. & Helv p. 356 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am 314; v4 pri p.595. B. minim inn. spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. 1165; Fl. Da: i 312 Coreopsis Bidens, Linn. spec. 9. p. 908. (var. radiata) — " e * upper part of the (stout) st d branches somewhat hirsute i with m white 7 ong-lanceolate Brees and incisely Ser" . 5 spieuous. anthemoides, i Am ds : y rate; rays inconspieuous.—B. chrys TJE Al 314 (excl. syn.), & bot. Beechey, p. 148? B. quadriaistta, B. Nutt. in trans. Amer phil. soc. l.c. p. ~ E í Swamps and ditches, Canada and Saskatchawan, Boa to "rd is Maine and Massachusetts, aM. ^s = Western tj State of New York, Dr. Sartwell ! B. Orego Ue Vancouve € Straits Fuca, Douglas, Dr. Scouler ! erdi | (Calitmin. Beechey! h TA @) This ueri V 0 be common in Canada, but in ited States m ems only to be found along the 3 p boners. the pi 3 colle RAA its radiate forms too c in B. cernua, the leaves — are ate sole o irregularly serrate, scarcely connate, ZI thé outer involucre: similar to the | leaves, and much longer than the rays when t The Orego: is certainly m much nearer this than the fol llowing spetiés. * o s dei (Miebx.) : glabrous; stem erect or reclined site p nceolate, tapering to each end, more or less connate, regi r1 remotely serra? “heads conspicuously radiate, erect oF © 1 » pe: A the foliaceous — involucre somewhat unequal, o $3 -serrulate towards t oe ostly Ported than the rays; the In e s, part colored; achenia cuneiform, v ae uM 7 E 2. p. 566. Coreopsis Bidens E : ems * "- 8 ue ae i g $ * z 3 ae : i : T^ ES ; " Bivexs. | COMPOSITÆ. | 353 : 2 ee . elder Richard to GIAN (probably collected by * pues th a half- i oiin, "pe se E^ d J i $2. Achenia filer ica dil - E =~ x x Walt. Car. p.915. C. perfoliata, Walt. l. c.? Helianthus levis, Linn. !. «2. p. ur: ar Gronau: 1), not of e . achenia 2-awned, sometimes w with two ather rudimentary awns ; rays chr about twice ae sate [the i inner involucre. "cli. Phorm silat Miche. ! AT Bey Dj Ell. sk. 9. p. 430; DC.! ed; p. 595. Pa ach -awn rays 2-3 times the leigh 4 the inner (colored) in- . Does Eor involucre not ciliate ; leaves. remotely serrulate, scarcely b S ih enia 3-4-awned ; rays 2-4 times the length of the inner involuer . —B. chrysanthemoides, Bigel.! y. Bost. ed. 2. p. 994 ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cost. p.485. B. qm gi DC.) le ô. achenia 4-awned ; in. scarcely longer than the inner involucre, often _ exceeded by the exterior Swamps, argin of im w pools, ds n nearly pernghout the United Stated?’ (8. Western Louisiana, Dr. Hi Aug.-Nov.—(1)? PA cn 6-30 inches am branching, gary a iiia d s or hairy at the mit. Leaves 3-6 inches long, serrate with even acute or mucronulate sath , often eu tely ite seb ae Sone the base. o but certainly does not furnish specific c distincti Michaux), presents ` _4-awned achenia. od ur var. ô. is a mere state p^ XA "I and nearly uf proaches B. cernu A d i (5. B. B pe: orr.): glabrous sei e longated, si or sparingly ^. Ea lain ons sabmersed sessile, Sit te into ca- man pillary se sr the emersed ones few, lanceolate sieh connate, sharply ~ ib i à inal Mr. m scales of the — serrate or incised; he ad. solitas on short t termi ol $ erti in dace usually 5, oval or pre” “obtuse, shorter than the interior and ecw het resembling them, se oque Hc the oblong rays; achenia (immature) narrowly. oblong, ge à perfectly abrous, 4- (some- times 6-) awned ; the awns approximate in p d odd pe. d gla brous near the base.— Torr. ! in Spreng. scale hd. 2. p. 135, & syst. 3. » ‘ m ! bot. p.207 ; ae ja: e T a Schenec i LR - Mla E i ow-flowing stre severa ACRI Fm min iS waster -p art of the Sits of Yor i [! brown stripes. g ; i Botcha of de spl terminated by a dengely i aitenuate or rostratey glabrous o or hele A: " a eia jue s fata heads (small) ssl) panieulate-eorym involucre nearly equal, diee: the tr lanceolate, ace so somewhat scarious r than the disk rays small, YN achenia s somewhat t cwm. ape -* vou. 1.—45 e x g as 354 COMPOSITE. linear, glabrous or slightly hairy, 2-4-awned.— Willd. spec. 3. p. 171 - DC. prodr. 5. p. 598. Coreopsis leucantha, Linn. spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. 1282. C. RR d Linn. l. o excl. ha ay, Florida, .Dr. Leavenworth ! Key West, Mr. Blodgett! i oA An a gn also of Mexico, the West Indies, &c. : B. Californica (DC. em 4-angled, somewhat pubescent at the sum- - Me leaves slightly | hairy, ‘petiled ; the lower pinna tely 5-, the T 3-di- videdat r par ted ; t minat incisely ser ; heads y discoid, or with a few small rays, pedicellate, somewhat pan abt ; ’ scales of the involucre nearly equal, lanceolate ; the exterior ciliate, spreading, all at sail reflexed ; achenia linea r sedet; iLangled, di ies sparsel a4 hai ards the o Fina ed.—DC.! prodr. 5. p. 599; Nuit. in trans. ie: phil. soc. l. c à j veil Joi das / Nuttall. iD e e obe i bea a foot hi i Heads sn Ac zhénia about 4 lines long, someti utely ades. 3 scabro ET ays white, or yellowish, mented to “Notis who states s that E rte plant i is also a native of Chili. ii $ 8. B. bipin nata (Linn.): glabrous; stem rco striate i leaves — edt 1-3-pinnately parted ; the -— lanceolate or oblong-ovate, mu- cronulate, A epar narrowed at the ; heads (sm mall) on naked sle jet o . pedicels, inconspicuous rays sari longer than the disk ; exterior | j scales of the involucre linear, dw ing, about the length of the na boiok interior ones; achen Aenea, elongated - Er * is ? grooved, nearly glabrou ag Sys. ned.—. spec ae 2. pi 1230; Wild! 1. c. ; Ell. sk. 9. p. 492 ; Darling A Cat. P 4g ie DC.! prodr. 5 . p- 603. i ; ry soil, and in waste places, p New York ! and €— nia! to Arkansas! and Florida! (Key West, des Blodgett!) dens i — (1) Stem 1-4 feet high, io dd branched. Rays yellow, obovate wo flowers yellow, about 20. Achenia three- fourths. of an inch in length— Spanish Nee ———— ge sa (Linn.) is not a native of North America, nor is it said to be py Lin -= næs, except originally i Hortus Cliffortianus ; where the vars KET cept = Virginia, t all the synonyms there ere a à Dill. t. 43, f. 5-10, which belong to,a broad-fruited species) are in th i re mt Plantarum justly referred ipinnata ; an of var. y., which % : 1 the means of tracin deir are Pap. nice y ail the d v a No n plant by Willdenow, and jan pasi ~ who terms it a common weed i ko old fields dnd e i grounds, Son pons fie to Carolina; but the plant in Pursh's view (and al s1) is E i E : Me ; De b: Ve ERBÉESINEE, Less., DC. n pistillate and fertile i xw Sees rarely none. Achenia compressed or obcompressed, the exterior emm j . ment thin. a awned from the angles of the achenium, : sonetin M Pissctnedia atone scales or ‘teeth, cgi wanting. 5 RUP PPS , $ 1 Kx sh — , 105. LEPTOSYNE. - ‘De. dur 5. p. 531. TM of yny-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-15, broadly Rip. soe Ein ar, pei fect. Involucre double, each series of 6-8 5C terior linear, "€ loose ; the interior. X | Leprosyse. COMPOSITE. —— — 355 é somewhat membranaceous. Receptacle convex; the chaff membranaceous, 9-nerved, deciduous with the fruit. Rays oblong, coarsely 3-toothed, the. base abruptly narrowed into a short slender tube, whichis sparsely barbellate _ at the summit. Corolla of the disk with a slender tube, which is furnished with a bearded ring at the summit, and an obconical throat, deeply 5-tooth Anthers pale. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers scarcely exserted, obtuse; in the disk somewhat capitellate at the apex, and terminated by a very short and abrupt pointed cone. Achenia oval, obcompressed, slightly . incurved when mature, sparsely E with short capitate gland-like hairs, surrounded by à narrow, at length somewhat fungous-thickened wing- like margin, 1-nerved on the inside, crowned with a minute and entire coro- niform or cup-shaped pappus.—An annual (biennial, Nutt.) glabrous very - .. slender herb, branching from the base; the scapes or peduncles (8-12 inches ^ * long) naked, bearing a single head. Leaves alternate, nearly all at the base ` Ofthe stem, linear-filiform, entire, or sparingly pinnately parted. Ray and , disk yellow. L. Douglasii (DC. ! id g ee E gt / bo. Beechey, ae. p. . 359. L. Californica, dr ! in trans. Amer. phil. California, Douglas ! Gin spi ly] ‘Natal F. Ma -June £ ead, in i cluding the rays, three Beds an inch in diameter.—Inste ad of i luce. the isk-flowers sterile, as des fr om. immature specimens by De Candolle, - an P . . . Rear as possible to PUMA and next to gaude ciis d in Ver besineze 106. TUCKERMANNIA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. e. — Head d'many-flowered; the d towers 15-20, ligulate; those of the disk ales E t na tubular, perfect. Involucre double; the scales ovate or oval, all slightly . united at the base; the exterior 6-8, shorter than the disk, herbaceous; the interior 8-10, membranaceous, somewhat colored Se stabe ie e tacle " flat; the chaff membranaceous and scarious, minutely n late, flat, apparently org. cun pr iie gs with vest * tube, ic obec B eae pe Spin the Higiea hairs are few and & short or nearly want- © ing); the throat narrowly obconical, 5-toothed. “Branches of the style in the _ disk-flowers slender, somewhat Je ve at the apex, and terminated by an ` Obsc scure or extremely short cone. Achenia elliptical, obcompressed, E | surrounded by a narrow wing or margin, entirely destitute of epp i: Somewhat succulent perennial glabrous herb; the alternate or m bipinnately-divided leaves with linear entire segments, nearly all borne Ww the base of the stem; which terminates in a naked peduncle (a Es Ombres a very showy head, more than two inches (or even 3-4 inches, n diameter. piove € yellow. = : JT. matitima (Nott! l e) — +. St. am g California, on gets rocks near the sea, Nuttall ! | May— * "x | ie, Eon De Mae. ME i 356 COMPOSITÆ. TUCKERMANNIA. “ After the period of flowering, it remains for a month o: a dormant state, shedding its leaves... . Cultivated in Philadelphia, 3 dovere both in the spring and autumn.? > Nutt.—We trust the plant will not be lost to our gardens, as it is very showy. It is very closely allied to pee like that plant, has nearly the style of the Anthemidee 107. SPILANTHES. - Jacq. stirp. Amer..p. 214, t. 126; DC. l.c. Piana, Linn. mant.; Gertn.; Less. 4-c.—Spilanthes & Acmella, Richard. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, sometimes inconspicuous, or frequently wanting. Involucre shorter than the disk, appressed, in 2 series; the exterior scales somewhat foliaceous ; the interior membranaceous. — — Receptacle conical, convex, or elongated; the chaff membranaceous, em- — | bracing the flowers. Corolla of the disk tubular-infundibuliform, 4—5-toothed. : ed Branches of the style in the disk-flowers truncate and penicillate at the sum- a mit. Achenia of the disk laterally compressed, the margins mostly ciliate; n of the ray, when present, somewhat triquetrous, or by the obliteration e di inner angle more or less obcompressed; all either crowned with 1-3 sı à setiform awns, or naked.—Mostly annual tropical herbs (the- greater portion & : American), usually fervid or acrid to the taste ; with opposite entire or serrate ers leaves. Heads solitary on slender vedas, ovate or conical. nid or rarely white. Anthers blackish. iw $ l a 4 i. 5 Heads radiate ; the rays hairy at the base: achenia of the ray either 4 3-angled and 3-awned or sometimes awnless, or 2-awned, the inner angle Me. , or sometimes the inner angle obliterated.—A cwEr.zA, (Rich.) DC. 1. S. repens (Michx.) : glabrous, or ee somewhat hairy; stem sim- i ple or slightly branched, decumbent, rooting at the base ; leaves lanceolate l z or ovate-lanceolate, acute, somewhat s Ep mostly tapering i into à em M aban (or at length alar), elon ng ed; heads oyoid ; scales of p i acre lanceolate, about 12, in 2 series; rays 12, d achenia Hé less and without ciliate margins.— —Michr./ ft. 2. p.131; DC. prodr p. 623. Acmella SNAM Pers. ; Ell. ek. 24 p. 406. Anthemis Mem x Walt. ; Pursh, In wet or VIEN. qi Epit South Carolina to Florida! | MEA Disk an Y pow: the former at je ae Sega a aiit apillose-sca when mature er — T2 have Tease from a plant pbi in n he s but under this name, which accords with the descriptio to ge " ilia the short involucral scales are pees and the icd all strongly ciliate. bye E Natali : ee ek gr Meer y glabrous; stems diffe g, g, acute, coarsely serrate-toothee í bruptly contract sikit, Ao. heads ovoid, at length conoid- Eee j NE S terminar à a Pelar EX betes” Tonge 1 than the grils ; scale ER P ate-ovate, acute, 9-19, somewhat in uble series; very y as long as the disk ; rede awnless (rarely “with 1 or 2 s), tuberculate-scabrous when m P [E argins Nae à; t. "den 2. p. 171, not Florida! (Dr. abiisse n k Loutennad Mis- Ta * " »*» $ >. ra $ » ^ ye SPILANTHEs. COMPOSITE. 357 ! Arkansas! and Texas! Aug.—Oct -—Stems 1-2 sane ong. Leaves 2 inches or more in lengt or more wide, vein s yellow, varying fourth to fully half an inch in length, usually or 12 mature fully half an inch long. Ach ray somewhat triangular- obcompressed, otherwise similar to thos the disk; the i parses Poi AN at least when young; but all me alihoggh not very stongly cilia $ a S. Pseudo-Acmella (Linn) i is cited as a Californian s species, wit th a mark of doubt, - in the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage (p. 1 50), on the authority of a ^ Hep ct specimen i in the collection from California, made during that voyag *. 108. LIPOCHETA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 610. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, in a single series. Invo- lucre ovate or campanulate ; the scales oval, appressed, in 2-3 series. Re- ceptacle flattish ; the chaff membranaceous, clasping the cred Branches of the style in the disk-flowers appendiculate at the summit. Achenia of _the ray 3-sided, scarcely or somewhat winged, each.a ngle produced into a Taisen awn, and with a few setiform [or chaffy] teeth between the awns; — of the disk compressed, 122-awned, the inner margin slightly winged.— Suffruticose or herbaceous plage [chiefly natives of Mexico and the Sand- wich Islands], with the habit of the ipee siis Verbesine. Leaves Opposite, sessile, or on’ short petioles, ovate-lanceolat te,, somewhat dh eon Heads pedicellate, either diary or corymbose. Flowi DC. § Achenia of the ray 3-, of the disk mostly 9-awned (the awns sles and upwardly scabrous), with a few intermediate oH teeth or sc more or less united with each other and with the bas e of the awns. uod: MENIA. * n i Terana: suffruticose ; d este terete ; eaves sessile, viae Ee taney the uppermost ‘ovate-lanceolat e, rather acute, strigose . villous-hirsute beneath, sparingly and remotely serrate, mostly 2-angled or - 2-lobed near the iudi cuneiform at th peduncles solitary, naked, r; sc anescent campanulate involucre i ries, n equal i in M ; th Veit lanceolate, somewhat t bliwe, ot interior crowned with 2-3 setiform arious ME i ‘short hyaline Se acco scales, all more or less pest at | base. s Texas, Dr. Riddell !—Plant hairy and scabrous; the young branches, D lower surface of the leaves, peduncles, &c. somewhat canescent with ap- hairs. - Leavesde2 inches long, slightly hastate-lobed or angled; the scabrous hairs of the pper surfac dioz from impressed reles. Involucre about gth of the disk app d 7 or 8, narrow] e i + minutely 3-toothed at the summit, 5-6 lines long, orange-yellow es T nolla of the disk yellow, with a slender tube, and an à AME ost ae 5 ed lim with yello wish trian gular appendages. Branches of the Ar a the dss) terminated with long and acute linear-subulate eae appendages. Ovaries of the, triangular, somewhat pubescent à 358 COMPOSITAE. disk — oblong-linear, compressed ; the awns in the latter 2, M. es l or pd shorter than the corolla; in the former 3, often unequal, + . shorter me e of the disk. Mature achenia unknown.—Apparently allied to L. kiritsa, DC. 109. VERBESINA. Linn. (partly); Less. syn. p. 231; DC. prodr. Species of Verbesina & Siegesbeckia, Linn. Heads several-many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, usually f Le rarely wanting. Scales of the involucre erect, imbricated in two or more often unequal series. Receptacle flat or rather convex; the chaff concave - or embracing the flowers. Corolla of the disk with a short tube, and a cylin- — draceous 5-toothed limb. Branches of the style with an acute appendage. — Achenia nearly flat (compressed laterally) winged or wingless, 2-awned— | Perennial or suffrutescent (American) plants; the serrate or lobed leaves often decurrent on the stem. Heads solitary or corymbose. Flowers white or yellow. Anthers blackish. es i § Heads radiate; the rays in a single series :' achenia Sealy me 2 simi- — lar and equal awns.—V ERBESINARIA, DC. x of m ae h * Leates opposite: flowers of the disk and ray yellow. "s DP - 20.. "Pha bud. Meboricuds, Garin rg 2. Ps , t. 169, f 3? P.bore- dm PA ng. syst. 3. p. 591? € dria, P Bursh , fl. 2. p: 5673 S Ae often indistinctly so. We are doubtful whether 1t, | of Gertner, which seems Sewer to differ only amus these are sometimes absent in the ay of our plant, ly hairs of the acheni nium, some of which crown the summit, with Gærtner,s s and De Can andolle’s captat althou "d plant, according to De : * VERBESINA. COMPOSIT.£. 359 = * * Leaves alternate: flowers of the disk and ray white. r V Lime ees ): stem narrowly or hmmm d winged, tomen- to Seid at the summit ; leaves lanceolat ate-lanceolate, serrate (often obscurely), fenther-veined scabrous above ^ pubes cent or wer ntose ier iade e nate a end, vr lower ones decurrent; heads i cydá ccn d wded ; eg 4, val; huida minutely hairy, à narrowly ain often unequally rigid kenit with 2 scabrous seti- orm awns.—Linn.! spec. 2. 1 (pl. pi tron gid n ! Car. p. bpp Michz.! fl. d Deni, T c.; Ell. sk. ‘DCL V. "paniculata, Poir. dint. 8. p. 45 8. stem and lower surface of the leaves more tomentose ; achenia T times ons —V. villosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. Woods and dry soil, Pennsylvania (Michaux) and Virginia! to Florida! and Louisiana! 5. Kentucky! to Arkansas! and Louisiana! Aug.—Sept. —Stem 3-6 feethigh. Involucre ver Fines aa very short : the b are variable, even in the in Records na ; and are some- times nearly {oady in the pedi ag as ver as the most tomentose forms. 9. V. sinuata (Ell.) : Bp striate, pubescent, ype ds r sometimes Vipera ne è brous above, tomen b-p ubescent beneath, the = en anie: into a - long and narrow bus or iringa petiole ; the lobes diadili serrate heads in a compound corymb ; gr 3-5, oval; achenia minutely hay 2: narrowly winged.—Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 411; DC. prodr. 5. p. 6 v laciniata, Nutt. ! gen. 9. p. 170. ‘Siegesbeckia laciniata, Poir. B 7. op. ; KT soil, from the sea-coast of S. Carolina! to Florida, Dr. aera 4 Dr. Lea north ! Sept.-Nov.—Stem 4-6 fee thigh. L or acu kin e, iously diua ined € d pet dicat and | ovdi ké te, vario ! quently ed € ae according to Elliott. Heads, flowers - V. laciniata (Walt. >i is s said to to ir 3-9 yellow 2-3.toothed sterile rays, 3-awned —. y akea and sinuate-laciniate i ae: XIMENESIA. Cav. ic. 2. p. 60, t. 178; DC. prodr. 5. p. ems E Ee) $ Heads many-flowered ; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, in a single series. Scales *- pm iuvolucre somewhat in 2 series, narrow, acutet fol iaceous, reading. Receptacle convex; the chaff lanceolate, membra us 3, € ube of the corolla ispid. Sie pandit flowers appendiculate. Achenia of the disk flat (compressed 1 rally . winged, somewhat hairy, deeply emarginate at the umen Medo - ri pF nash PAA RER M the | lar and wingless.—Annual (chiefly Mexican) — hina ‘catiescertt. NE i Leaves opposite or alternate, mostly tapering into a winged petiole, which is “dilated and auriculate at the base, cordate-ovate or oblong, serrate-toothed. - . Heads so solitary, or loosely and irregularly corym corymbose. Flowers yellow. "o L X. encelioides (Cav. 1. c.): ache f the. disk slightly villous, sur- rounded with the wing, emarginate at "he summit ; of the deeply : 3-toothed ` = 4 x T od eX s ux / j jh . p Ec y E ; is $ e Wc Jd i page -" : R j 4 xe E m * " 360 " . COMPOSITE. . ' Ximenesm rays rugose, wingless. DC.! prodr. l. c. Pallasia serratifolia, Smith, in i Rees, cycl. ; vr. Rid Dr. Chapman ! Mr. Croom! Probably introduced. tepiero 111. SANVITALIA. Gualt. in Lam. jour. hist. nat z. rae a: L n il. t. 686 ; Cav. ic. 4. t. 351; DC. prodr. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, in a single series, thé ligules persistent. Scales of the involucre somewhat imbricated in 9-3 series, appressed ; the innermost rather longer and equalling the disk. Re- ceptacle conical or convex, chaffy; the chaff oblong, partly clasping the owe: “Corolla of the disk articulated above the ovary, piliferous," DC. ~ Branches of the style terminated by a short cone. Achenia of the ray, larger, 3-sided, smooth, crowned with 3 diverging smooth conical awns; of _ the disk compressed; the exterior ones muricate or roughened and nearly awnless; the interior more or less winged and ciliate, crowned with 2 minute awns.—Annual (chiefly Mexican) dichotomous or trichotomous mostly hairy — ' herbs. Leaves opposite, ovate, triplinerved, usually entire, tapering into a ciliate or hairy petiole. Heads solitary and terminal, sessile between the uppermost pair of leaves. Rays yellow: the disk purplish. 1. S. ocymoides (DC. y: stem diffuse, rather erect; leaves ovate ; awns of í ab ray longer than the ligules; achenia of the disk ' compressed-tetragonal; E i i i i interior smoother, — S iL e ri— s, including the ciliate petioles, about an inch long, strigose. Plant with ot ae the habit of S. procumben > Subtribe 3. Fuavertem, Less.—Heads 1-few-flowered, densely aggre- _ gated, heterogamous with a single pistillate ray-flower, the others perfect; a » sometimes homogamous (rarely with the pistillate flowers in several the innermost are perfect but sterile). Branches of the style usually appendicula: le, ma ae Achenia wingless, somewhat terete, attenuate at the base. £ ap- . pus none.—Herbs, with opposite triplinerved or nervose leaves. atin yellow. “M2. FLAVERIA. Juss. gen. p. 168; DC. prodr. 5. p. 635. d Heads in ae cosa fascicles, few-flowered, either discoid, the flowers all s tubular and perfect, or with a single pistillate ray-flower. Involucre oblong, of 3-4 connivent nearly equal scales, the outermost broader and somewhat ; T. auge small, naked. Achenia oblong or subclavate, stria E l &abrous, naked.—Annual or rarely perennial (tropical and South 2e herbs; with Opposite mostly sessile leaves, toothed or entire. Corolla pale Ls * Ai D d hu DE a E * 2. " vo m COMPOSITE. 361 glabrous or slightly pubescent; leaves sessile, connate, narrowly linear, en- tire, nearly nerveless, somewhat fleshy; heads in compound crowded rymbs ; ray single ften Pa —L . 337 DC.l.c F. maritima, H. B. & K.! nov. gen. 985. .F. owe p ry tt.! in jour. acad. Prid. ^ d. 7. p. 81. Y liona odara. Null. Ps Sill. jour. E 300; ee therefore rms nudatum, DC. prodr. 5. p. 312 ope Florid , Mr. Ware! Mr. Peale! Key ets Mr. Bennett! ^u. gettl—A poet: sbi, also a native of Cub Subtribe 4. Tacetinem, Cass.—Heads many-flowered, either heteroga- mous, with the ray-flowers pistillate and mostly ligulate, or homogamous and discoid. Involucre either in a single series, the scales more or less united; or in several series, the exterior scales bracteiform and distinct, the inner more or less united. Branches of the style terminated by a cone or a subulate appendage. Receptacle naked, flat. Achenia striate, attenuate at the base. Pappus composed of awns, squamelle, or brist H marked with large glandular pellucid dots, and therefore commonly odorous. Leaves opposite or alternate. 113. DYSODIA. « (Dyssodia) Cav. in ann. sci. nat. 6. (1802) p. 334" ; JDC. prodr. 5. p. 639. Heads radiate or sometimes discoid ; the rays ligulate, pistillate. of the proper involucre in a single series and more or less united, hes subtended by an outer series of bracts. Receptacle somewhat alveolate or hirsute-fimbrillate. Corolla of the disk regularly 5-toothed. Branches of the style terminated by a somewhat pubescent cone. Achenia elongated, n» 4-angled and somewhat com pressed. Pappus a single series of chaffy scales, which are pinnately or palmately laciniated or cleft into scabrous ristles, so as to appear like a polyadelphous pappus ——Mostly annual branching (chiefly Mexican) herbs, with the habit of Tagetes. Leaves opposite or al- poe, commonly pinnately parted or toothed, the teeth mucronate-setige- —— s. Heads terminating the paniculate or corymbose branchlets. sac a yellow or orange. § Receptacle somewhat alveolate, “sli ightly fimbrillate, or oor involucre > bracteolate; the bracts entire or lacihiate-pinnatifid.—Beæsera, Willd. 1803.) (Dysodia $ Bebera & Baberoides, De > LD. bose at the summit; leaves al- ao ade ol ses ed arty sat hyper toothed ; Mtr oe of the .cylindrieal-oblong invo x "pinos e to the summit, longer than the dn t ; : ° e HR K è T K E 362 COMPOSITE. è Drsonis: volucre much longer than p pappus, marked with very large eee Rays linear-oblong, bright yello 2 4. anii Ms asca): puberulent or glabrous, difuely branched ; leaves opposite, Piiodiely parted ; the | obes linear, toothed or r Less. Tagetes papposa, Vent. hort. Cels. t. 36; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 13% " Beebera Eats masa Willd.! spec. 3. p. 2125; Pursh, f 2, p 559. B. glandulosa, Pers. syn. 2. p. 459. Banks of rivers, and on prairies, on the — and Missouri, and their tributaries, from St. Pierre River! and Illinois! to Louisiana ! ! Aug.-Oct Plant "Mont afoot high, SEE a ge strong unpleasant odor. y Flowers golden yellow. —Willden w gives Carolina and “Florida as habitats of this plant, doubtless jose. It is also a Mexican species. — el 114. RIDDELLIA. M in trans. Amer. de soc. (n. e) E e ^ R. Me (Nutt. 1. c.) d “In the southern range of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources x = Platte.—A very elegant plant, with the habit of a Zinnia, oluerum. formed of a single series o united sepals. The rays reihi, appearing as rigid as parcanents s m remain perfect in Zinnia.’ 7 Nuttall.—This genus is dedicated to known to us, and we have taken the character from Mr. 2 as Es description extends, it only, die from Tagetes in tent rays, and the pubescence. We not. informed whe or." leaves present the large pellucid dots oft the Tagetineæ. ^ eee Subtribe 5. Heresia, Cass., DO Rei mostly Eate and He A 5 the di < but sometimes sterile. Receptacle a | he Antbers ofen blackish, the lobes frequently somew * > | ; & Wt. ee ok ee La , " 3 M dp w w | : x a * n4 ^ ; " : : B ; | : HELESIES. . í - COMPOSITE. 363 the base, but scarcely caudate. Pappus cyny, the scarious scales several or numerous, and distinct, or t or opposite. (Chiefly American.) CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. . Div. 1. Gartuarprex.—Receptacle not chaffy, nor deeply favose. — , ‘ Rubdiy. 1. Evgattarpiex.—Branches of the style long and filiform, hispid. 115. Gartiarpia. Rays ! der neutral. Achenia SUP involucrate , with villous hairs. Pappus l-nerved and a ^ itie: Pavaroxn. vuv im pee? PAN or none. pec mostly slender. Pappus 1-nerved, a 117. CHÆNACTIS. or dcin disk-flowers tubulose, inflated or palmate. "um Achenia slender; Pappus nerveless — — Subdiv. 9. EvnELENIE.— Branches of the style obtuse or truncate. 27! * Bays ligulate and fertile, or none. ý + Receptacle flat or flattish. 118. Hymexorarrcs. Rijs none. Achenia turbinate, substipitate, m many-striate the pappus short and obtuse, 19-90, Involucre somewhat petaloid, imer E. 119. Bana. P he Achenia Prom Scales of the pappus 4-10, ob- desit. iee 120. * dien ins Rays 3-5. jp terete. Pappus of the disk none, in the ray of 10-15 narrow acute scales SET a fato conical, convex, or oblong. m. Lismissi. Scales of the involucre united! Pappus of 5-10 seales, or metimes non 122, Sa “Receptacle « ms papillose. Senli ol the cart equal, nar- or sometimes non 123. Dicusms. Ek. xs conical Mp aum Scales of the e pappus 4-8 blong ay gout and abou t2, which ar 124. dunes Refiptacle conical, a? iani via the ec à ok or lanceolate, ac Lavesi the disk-corolla nearly glabrous. us. “ig. Actixetus. Receptacle - s ie A a è ; anceola e 4 involucre ovate or Scales ee ie pappus 5-12, ovate, l-nerved, : ae awned. h, alveolate. Scales of the involucre ovate, i 196 TUIS e flattish, alveolate. in a ar ee of the pappus 5, obtuse, nerveless: = , naked. Seales of Uiednibolut — Lobes ee a : w * ** ect * , *. E Leprorop ‘Receptacle co hemispherical, areo olate. Scales of the à woes awnless, denticulate or — r pappus mostly peres Et a id il 364 COMPOSITE. ins -Hrresiex, R. 7$1 Div.2. BarpwixiEz.—Receptacle very deeply alveolate; the corneous deu 4 (united chaff ? ) enclosing the achenia. Rays ne utral. i 199. gg ata Rays 20-30. qne in about ki series. Alveoli of the * ceptacle truncate. Head solitary. ; 130. Aemsoseeuia Rays 8-10. vule in asa ee Alveoli of the ceptacle oblig toothed. Heads corymbos 3490 Div. 3. GariNsocE JE. — eee chaffy ; the chaff oed. Scales of the involu- not enclosing the ray-achen 131. MansHarLia. Rays none: disk-flowers numerous. Chaff narrow, rigid. Scales of the Sort Ms or es gular-lanceolate, entire. 132. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. disk-flowers few. Chaff membranaceous. Seales of the eis Vect Ed P 392 Div. 4. Maviex.—Receptacle wholly or partly chaffy. Ray achenia destitute of pappus, enclosed by the scales of the involucre. e a Achenia not compressed, but often obcompressed. p + Heads many-flowered ; the rays infertile? * 133. AcHYRACHENA. Pappus of 10 membranaceous obtuse Md in 2 series, üs inner large. _ Achenia striate, attenuate at the bas + + Heads iis o adl; the flowers all ( ly all) fertile. 134. Lavia. Pappus of 10-20 bristly awns, villous-plumose towards the base. : 135. CanLicHRO4. Pappus of 12- ulate eripe gren awns. Disk- achenia jokea Kak obeompressed, v illou : 136. Oxyura. Pappus none. Achenia of the disk E ray glabrous, aopen obcompressed; the central infertile. + + + Heads several-many-flowered; the disk-flowers infertile. 137. omm Rays 5-20. Achenia glabrous; those of the ray obovoid, gib- s, somewhat obcompressed, pariy a p — by the involucral per Pappus none, or of la acerate squa: 138. CALYCADENIA. gay s 3-5. Achenia mostly hai me of th e ray obovoid-tri- muy e enclosed by the involucral scales; of the disk quadran- gular-obco T with a pappus of 5-10 lanceolate or subulate often awned scales E. - 139. LacoPHuyrtL4. Rays ini disk-flowers each about 5. Achenia glabrous; i those ui of the disk abortive, destitute of pappus; of thé ray obcom- press OE s * + Achenia compressed, glabrous. Pappus (except in Anisocarpus) none. 140. AxIsoCARPUS. Rays about 12: disk-flowers numerous, with abortive or , and sais = 5-8 fimbriate-lacerate squamelle, | ML Manis. Rays 1 : disk-flow: s, with abortive ovaries. Re- 2 4 tacle pds iabeillate hire : 19. Mavis. Rays 5-12: disk-flowers numerous, fertile. Receptacle glabrous. M3. Amma. Rays 1-2, or none the disiMliowers < 2-4, fertile; Achenia com- - cen Sf angular, Mighty incurved. pe: ae: Hatara. Wir in the disks -flower solitary, dires Ray-achenis - ; . GAILLARDIER, Dc. (excl. gen.)—Receptacle not chaffy, nor Dey dopi alveolate. Rays fertile or pani or sometimes none. Subdiv. GAILLARDIE.— Branches of the style in the disk-flowers long and tt (nearly as in Eupatoriacez), hispid or glandular-pubescent. 115. GAILLARDIA. Fougerour, in mem. acad. sci. Par. wat p. 5; C. prodr. 5. p. 56; Gay, in ann. sci. nat. (ser. 2) 11. p. 5 Galardia, Lam. (ill. t. 108), Micha., Nutt., d- ess. Heads many-flowered, radiate; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series, deciduous. Scales of the involucre in about 3 series, very acute, foliaceous, more or less callous and appressed or erect at the base, above spreading or at length reflexed ; the exterior largest. Receptacle convex or hemispheri- cal, fimbrillate (the fimbrille rigid or corneous and elongated), or in one spe- Cies nearly naked. Rays cuneiform, palmately 3-cleft or toothed at the Summit. Corolla of the disk with a short tube, and an elongated cylindra- ceous somewhat inflated 5-toothed limb; the teeth usually subulate, and hispid with jointed hairs. Branches of the style terminated with a very long and acute filiform hispid appendage. Achenia obpyramidal, involucrate with illous hairs. Pappus of 6-10 membranous 1-nerved scales, the nerves pro- duced into awns about the length of the corolla.—Brancbing (North Ameri- can) herbs, with thejhabit of Scabiosa, more or less pubescent with jointed hairs. Leaves alternate, mostly punctate with glandular or pellucid dots, entire, sometimes toothed or lobed; the lower ones often petioled, the upper H u e branches. Flowers of the disk violet, or sometimes yellowish. Rays yellow or purple, often 2-colored, dotted with resinous globules, as also the style. Anthers pale yellow * Pons of the ray-flowers awned like that of the disk. - G. lanceolata (Michx.): biennial? Suberblant: stem usually branched; the the branches elongated ; leaves lanceolate or linca entire or y E gly e or denticulate, ciliolate, mostly obtuse, mucronulate-acuminate ; the ee eee somewhat spatulate and s Toolid; the upper sessile = Pene about the length of the disk, in about 2 series, neither callou at the base; corolla of the disk with long and narrow subulate ihi m pappus (7-9) narrowly Priser: ; the fimbrille of the receptacle or none '— Micha. ! fl. 9. p. 142; "Bt (exel. oy, c. p. 65; poe vs "Dc. G. bicolor, Pursh, fl. 9. p. oa syn. Bere, Le $e.) ; Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 175; Ell.! s - to bot. mag. 1. p. 98. Le sera Caroliniana, Walt. Car. p. 211, as urge dice em dU Wa tegrifolia, DC. ! prod 5. p. 659, + rays aborti ne.—. teris inte " v0. De excl: all the s " à ss pine woods sil hauens Sonik proce Pad to ge Alabama! lisiang l Arkansas! a and Texas! May-Aug.—Roo t certainly biennial, pe COMPOSITE. 365 / . 366 COMPOSITE. GAILLARDIA. - and sometimes perennial. Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves clothed with a — appressed pubescence; the short hairs which fringe the margin in- _curved. Involucre often tinged with purple. Heads, including the rays, abont an inch in diameter. Rays 8-10, small and didam cuneiform, nar- rowed at the base, deeply 3- de. yellow throughout, or pale violet beneath or at the base, the nerves often violet. orolla of the disk, as in the other species, p violet-purple or yellow, at length turning violet at the summit. "em e nearly or quite an by which the species (the hen one in the Atlan i Beiden States) m ways be MUS ceti —We ponies eceived is dim = ey rayloss pinto fron a (Mr. Buckley!) = orida (Dr. Leavenworth !), a ave seen N in e herbarium of De dole It is me tdentioned by “Mic hau 2. G. aristata (Pursh): perennial, ——Q almost tomentose ; stems simple or branched ; radical and lower leaves lanceolate, tapering into slender petioles, sinuate-pinnatifid or toothe d (the lobes or teeth 2—4 on each side) ; the uppermost linear or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, usually dilated at e base and partly clasping; involucre very hirsute and callous at the base, equalling or exceeding the disk; corolla of the disk with short broadly subu- late teeth ; chaff of the pappus (6-8) broadly lanceolate ; fimbrille of Be receptacle fe or thrice the length of the achenia.—Pursh, fl. 2. p. 573; Lindl. bot. reg. n Hi mag. t. 9940, & fl. - 315; Dc. : pros a, vd e. (ox Michx. & i ns and prairies, Missouri! and Saskatchawan! to Oregon!—Plant _ 12-18 inches high; the stems De ten simple. Head 11-2 inches in di- ameter. Rays 10-18, — à ongat Eh oem € yellow through- out, or sometimes orange reddish violet at the very base. Achenia — hairy except at the nadie “This species vacant severa al m which r haps cannot be limited or defin € That which best accords with Pursh's description (G. aristata, Hook.! fl. Bor I. partly,) has all the upper leaves entire, and exterior scales of the involucre much longer than the disk : another (G. aristata, Hook. Oregon, Dr. Scouler !) has a shorter and more woolly involucre ; gem in the G. Sacolor, Hook. l. c., nearly all the . lower leaves are frequently sinuate or pinnatifid. Gay’s description is ex- cellent, except that we never find the setiform fimbrille of the receptacle a, they are and sparse, so as not to circumscribe the areolez, somewhat decidat 3. G. pinn atifida (Torr.) : perennial, canescent; stem low, branching ; aves f le ee pinnatifid; the rachis and remo e lobes line near ; involucre in t 2 series, nearly equal to the disk; chaff of the pappus ge e lance- olate, ee shorter than the obtusely 5- toothe com a3 Bent e re- ceptacle > shi n sparse oe ae at Western Arkansas or Missouri, (o (on = Obs Bon Dr. James Plant about a span high, prha suffruricose, leafy. Heads rather par Rays deeply 3-clefi, “ purple towards the base, yellow y^ de summit." The ian portion of the bo much shorter than the elongated: lapee olate chaff. re G. pulchella (Fougeroux): annual, puberulent pr ee hirsute, ranching; leaves lanceolate; the lower ones des ring at and np C or deese y lobed); the involucre very hirsute - “PPS V nire, partly clasping, apiculate-acuminate ; 2 Gausanois. COMPOSITE. . 367 and eiu us at the base, longer than the disk ; corolla of the disk with atten- peces t eeth ; chaff of the pappus ovate or lanceolate-oblong, with . A aw = fimbrillee of the receptacle aristiform- subulate, not dilated at the CK c.t d 2; Cass. in dict. sci. nat. 18. p. 19; DC. prodr. 5. p. 652; Gay, l. c. - bicolor, Lam. at Bs p v i di. t. 708; Ait. Kew. v. 2.5. p. 1293 Torr. ! - ann. c. (excl. syn.) G. Drummondii, FL (excl. n.), HA d ses G. eve — i Se" vien Gs. atc bon rum ar integerrima, Hook. bot. mag. t ! Calonnea pulche ma, npe ic. E 196." Virgilia i pm crie re: Her. diss. (ic.) ; ‘Smith, erot. bot Links ore ies Arkansas! and Texas! In — into the French gardens dia attenuate « sin base, deeply 3-cleft, violet- pap the pater ye Ee “Fim. each areola, ne per d Achenia lae ed with a vil- ferraginow tuft.—In some specim à ummon DC.!) the chaffy portion of the pa Difüa ie s broadly Mo in others ovaredbimg or or ob- long- cota: but we des erve no other cata The fimbrille appear to be as long as in G. a —According to Mr. Spach (Ann. sci. nat. (n. E 15. p I this is a ipee ial species, din to it he unites the following. G. picia (Don): suffruticose, much branched ; leaves — linear- Mahon? vedi if “á all dilated or clasping a ase, entire, or the wer ones with a few coarse teeth, and the upper denticulate ; eri of the involucre equalling or exceeding the disk, hairy, callous and somewhat po ac rs , rigid, dilated sd yc at the pepe — ee than the ard. 8 7. (e ina. Gay, l. c.——Don. rit. Louisiana.) 'G. bicolor, var. Dramboudi Hook. bo. ma sido Aman Texas, Mes ond ! ck alen ‘with a brown- argin, scabrous-cilio Heads 12-15 lines d in » diameter. Rays about 13 maily p d: -or bs: the teeth yellow. Fimbrille stout, e at the —Resembles - qood g. In the indigenous, as well as in our cultivated specimens, the lower leaves are frequently sinuate- pin- d. g the former, there is a ypa of the species with what ap quur fe root, and the stems only 3 inches high bear a single pic a ** | UE of the ray-flowers awnless. 6. G. a ambi yodon (Gay): annual; stem hirsute-pubescent, simple prem sessile, denticulate, ‘scabrou s-pubescent; the lowest cite —Gay! : €. p. i rae in nar 10-18 inches bigh. Leaves numerous, rat ather ck, serrate towards the summit. ee es of the involucre imbricate in 3 to 368 COMPOSIT#. 116. PALAFOXIA. Lagasca, nov. gen. h. Madr. (1815) p. 26; DC. Paleolaria, Cass. (1816), Less.—Polypteris, Nutt. (1818); not of Less., nor of DG. Heads 10-30-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular; or the exterior series either imperfectly or manifestly radiate ; the rays 3-cleft, pistillate. Scales of the obconical or campanulate involucre 8-15, membranaceous or herbaceoüs with scarious tips, appressed (or spreading in fruit) in 1-2 series, shorter than the disk. Receptacle small, flat, naked or slightly alveolate. Corolla of the disk with aslender tube and an expanded when 5-cleft or 5-parted limb; the lobes linear or lanceolate, spreading, glabro fl Branches of the style long and filiform, flattish, glandu hb ede Üronghont a Achenia quadrangular, slender, tapering to the base, minutely ent. Pappus of 6-12 membranaceous denticulate pinnately striate aii fur- nished with a strong midnerve, which is thickened at the base and often . somewhat produced at the apex; thé pappus of the exterior flowers often much shorter.—Herbaceous or suffruticose (chiefly Mexican and bec cinereous or strigose-scabrous re the loosely paniculate -or corym branches and peduncles often glandular. Leaves linear or lanceolate, en- tire, somewhat petioled, alternate, aon or the lower opposite, 1-3-nerved. Flowers white, flesh-colored, or purple § 1. Heads radiate, or with some of the marginal flowers palmate or irregu- lar, and with a smaller pappus than the disk-flowers : scales of the involu- ere somewhat herbaceous, equal, in 1-2 series, often somewhat embracing the exterior achenia (nerves of the lobes of the disk-corolla intramarginal-)— . EUPALAFOXIA. - P: Hookeriana : leaves lanceolate, 1~3-nerved; heads (large) many- fovea radiate; scales of the involucre 12 or more, m glandular (as well m dd "and eiae imbricated in 2 series; the ime ert interior obovate-lanceolate or oblong; ra i s 8-10, ex , b bo E deeply hi ob imb of the disk-corolla 5-cleft pelai the mid- e disk-flowers of 6-8 nar rowly Maa eolate acuminate scales, long as the dücaomied buie chenium; in the rays of as many obovate te very vw ngid scales, many dise. hotter than the nearly glabrous athens. P. Texana, Hook. ! ic. pl. t. 148, not of DC. 25 fpor once baltás: mds few en or gri MAT irregular or pal- “ = spacelata, (Nuit. mss?) Torr. ! in ann. lye. New York, 2. | p. 214. Texas, Drummond! 8. Arkansas, Dr. James! Texas, Mr. Callana!— diis m os angie ses feet h high, rather stout. tondi three-fourths of an inch in le h rose-purple rays in Drummond's plant half an inch resembling a Gaillardia ; the disk-flowers also rose-co einig es of the involucre not embracing the athera; -— in the disk one-third of an inch long.—Between us of = central flowers, and the very short and ob- e $e a tendency to become rays, there is almost a complete gradation; ip x radiate presenting & SOF 369 _ shorter and obtuser pappus. —This is the most showy species of the genus, and would be very ornamental in cultivation. 2. P. Terana (DC.): leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved, or the lower 3- erved ; heads (rather small) many-flowered, discoid, 2 or is of the hir nos ! flowers usually pa palmate or impertectly radiate, not exceeding the disk ; es = ofthe involucre 8-12, peert, "gone puberulent and xdi glandular, scarcely Rilcicatéd s limb of the corolla S-CHN ft to the base ; pappus of the disk-flowers of 8 Secale. patie! acu oum or ather s ien than the obpyramidal hairy eem etm ; in the marins eet broadly ovate, mostly obtuse, much shorter.— DC. / prodr. 5 Texas, Berlandier! arba t1 ru hn slender plant than the _ preceding, scarcely glandular, with much smaller heads: the flowers appar- qe ently flesh-colored ; the linear lobes of the pee 2 ete: longer-than the = . . most glabrous tube. cre of the involucre scarious at the 1 tip, partly em bracing the exterior achen $ 2. Heads discoid, with the flowers and pappus all similar ; the latter of short ~ and rounded scales (nerves of the lobes of the corolla intramarginal) : scales 3 - of the involucre nearly in a single series, equal, somewhat herbaceous, partly embracing the exterior achenia.—F LORESTINARIA 3. P. callosa : strigose-cinereous ; ss eig and dichotomous slend inci Mu: leaves narrowly lin ve heads (small) vira 12-flowered ; scales of the P aita ucre.8- oblon ng, obtuse; limb the corolla 5-cleft to the base ; oblong-linear lobes much longer ‘than the tube ; scales of the pappus 8, pean mats s ate, about one-fourth the length of FEES pe cepyzgmidal 2u s hairy achenium.—Stevia callosa, Nuti.! i acad. Philad. 2. p. 191 ; Bart. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 46. Florestina ak J dr. o. p. len Western Arkansas, Nuttall! Texas, Drummond! Dr. Riddell!—Q)? Stem slender, a foot high, corymbose a at.the ee i ni ae — a Scales slightly scarious at the a Paws Mp ‘Pay pus cubre ai Senay that of the ray- Bii in P. Hookeriana : thea a ales.opaque and thickened in the RES and at the e emet "aid = with en HA ‘ § 3. dd; discoid, with the flowers and pappus all similar ; the latter of lan- ` ` eeolate pointed scales (nerves of the lobes of the corolla ore Ras scales of | Ve involucre somewhat scarious or membranaceous, flat, in 2-3 series; a ne the exterior small and bracteolate—PotyPTeris, Nutt.* E 4. P. integrifolia : stem slightly scabrous, fasi tigi bose eee) Mein jate, 1-nerved, scabrous; heads ( rather la arge) many- k flowered ; ; scales of the Pea 10-15 ; the inner oblong, obtuse ; the exte- ‘Hor heer londicta loose ; ES. of the corolla 5-cleft ees the middle ; te, j scales of the pappus 8-9 (12-14, Nutt.), linear-lanceolate, nuate-acumi- fate, about the length of the nr slightly pubescent schenium.— po Ns integrifolia, Nutt. / gen. 9. p. 139; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 314, CER aleolaria fastigiata, me 5. p. 125. — ~ a M character of Polypteris in DC. prodr. 5. p. 659, isdrawn from a rayless state certus s 0 VOL. II.—47 " * E 370 7 COMPOSITE. Pararoxia. Dry pine w woods, Southern Georgia! and gd ama — .-Oct. —2 Stem 2-5 feet hi Heads half an inch or more in length. . prend and some- a 3-4 lines times 2s pappus purplish ; the tube slightly pee scent. Achen long, blackish ; the feathery pappus somewhat Yacerare-desticolatk: 117. CHZENACTIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 659; Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey. Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect; the exterior series (rays) more or less dilated and larger than the others, irregular or pal- mate. Scales of the campanulate involucre about 20, linear, nearly in a single series. Receptacle alveolate. Corolla glabrous or slightly enn the lobes hirsute-puberulent; of the disk tubular, slightly dilated above, 5-toothed; ofthe ray expanded or ventricose above, 5-cleft. Branches of ih uy linear-filiform, with long and slender acuminate hirsute appendages. e tapering to the base, 4-angled. Pappus of 4-12 somewhat unequal —— nerveless scales, with irregularly denticulate mar- gins; in the disk-flowers rather shorter than the corolla and about the length of the achenium; in the ray much shorter, obtuse.—Biennial, sometimes annual or perennial? herbs (natives of California, Oregon, and the Rocky Mountains); with alternate pinnately dissected leaves, and rather large ads terminating the simple or corymbose branches. . § 1. Flowers mostly yellow ; those of the ray irregular or palmate, ezserted : achenia minutely strigose : pappus of 4-6 scales ; in the disk oblong-lanceo- te, acute, in the ray much shorter and obtuse.—Euchenactis. l. C. glabriuscula (DC.): perennial or suffruticose; stem branching ; leaves and involucre nearly glabrous, or with scattered cobwebby hairs; the expanded rays palmatifid, evidently lon nger r than the disk ; branches naked at the summit ; lobes of the lea prodr 5-6 pairs, rather obtusis: the uppermost ; T- 5 California, Douglas.—We hav one i Spe of this plant. lt is said to to 16 inches high, renee cbe in the young state, but glabrous when mature; the pe noe, or naked summit of the branches, 34 inches long- Scales of the pappus 2. C. tenuifolia eh annual or biennial, nearly glabrous ; the involu- cre and short peduncles kim pM scid; leaves 1-2-pinnately ieget the divisions irregular, small, linea thé u hau leaves linear a d 3-5-cle ft at the apex; ray-flowers P inel: hes Cr scarcely irregular rather longer than the disk.—Nutt. ! in s. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p- 375. St. Diego, California, Nuttall ! * pex bouta fon beh ^ud | branched. Divisions of the leaves numerous, 2-4 lines long. Heads as large as in the following species. Flowers bright ye ellow. Scales of the involucre numer- narro inear, ci t a (DC. E annual, clothed with a soft and loose somewhat wool; m bra hen nece r petioles, p ‘gi è we E 3 =. i E $ E $ š m td from the base, epi eai as. enar im TA achillezfolii us, JVutt. | D * Ose rren soil, interior egon ! .. TT-(9) Stems 1-3 feet E — somewhat glabrous when old. ` i Cuznactis. * COMPOSITE. 371 ts 3-5, narrowly linear, entire ; the uppermost leaves linear and e tire ; jx uite tubulose-infundi "is liform, somewhat irregular, eiut ox: ex- E —DC.! prodr. 659. California, Judi /—Plant Ki inches high; the naked summit of the branches often 6 inches long. Involucre very woolly w pe PPP Flowe light yellow. Lobes of the leaves one- half to one inch lo 4. C. st pese ka & Arn.): annual, somewhat e Mos. stem c cin pen D at pinna jely di- Bake p MEE a uade /—Plant 3-5 inches high. Heads analiet den me preceding. s of tbe involucre broadly linear. Pappus of 4-5 scales. Peduncles pies Upper leaves entire. § 2. Flowers pale rose or flesh-color ; those of the ray infundibuliform or ex- panded at the summit, regular, not longer than the others: achenia villous- hirsute: pappus of 8-12 scales, in the disk oblong-linear, scarcely shorter than the somewhat glandular corolla, in the ra y much shorter, obtuse.— Macrocarphus, Nutt. $3C O pean (Hook. & Arn.) : tomentose-canescent ; stems low, co- bose at the summit; leaves pinnately divided ; isi linear or - rue obtuse, mostly aim Ber lobes very small; ntose ; i of the h de quem — Hook. Amr bet. Bude? s suppl. p. 354. Macrocarphus ry plains, interior “of Oregon, (Snake Country) Mr. Tolmie! to the ky Mountains on the Colorado of the Ne Nuttall! July-Aug. Stems several from the same r t, 4-6 inches high. Leaves somewhat gla- brous when ips densely woo sollic canescent eis young. Heads as large as in C. Douglasii, to which it is very closely allied. : C. yg (Hook. & Arn n: loosely tomentose ; stem corymbose at ed; the divisions seated, linear or ob- or Piai the ve E: ; scales of the obtuse, “i nis ec g tomentose) ; ache- — Hook. hemispherical involuere glandulgr-pubescent (when nia hirsute-villous; scales of the pa ppus lineat-oblong truncate. Arn. ! l. c., under C. ME Hyme pappus -Douglasii, Hook. ! ff. o Bor.- Am. 1. - p. 316; Nut n jour. acad. Phila id. 7. p. 30; DC.! Ts tt. Cole le * Te Cession Douglasii of Ore -- iu ws in diame r. Pappus s .. the "n 118. HYMENOPAPPUS. L’Her.; Cass.; DC. prodr. 5. p. 4d . Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular and perfect, similar and : Mur: ^ si the involucre NS somewhat in 2 series, oval or ob- - : Subdiv. 2. EUHELENIEE. Bai ches of the style in the disk-flowers bbhasd (a 4 ique; or tipped with a cone, pubescent or barbellate at the * %4 3i | COMPOSITE. * HrurxorapPus.. 3 ovate, EREE OR or petaloid (white), Mile Receptacle small, naked. - ; V t x Corolla with a slender glandular tube, and a dilated campanulate throat; the i "lobes revolute. Anthers exserted. Branches of the style linear, with a very - ' short obtuse or conical appendage. Achenia turbinate, contracted at the - base as if EDU broad at the summit, many-striate, somewhat 4-sided 4 when matu Pappus of 12-20 short and obtuse membranaceous (nearly — : erveless) icai in a single series.—Biennial or perennial (N. American) k: herbs, clothed with a white often deciduous wool, or somewhat glabrous; = with suleate-angled stems, and corymbose or solitary heads. Leaves alter- —— nate, au. lobed or divided. Flowers whitish, in a single t i yellow , ' i i * Scales of the spreading involucre, and often the bracts, petaloid (whitish): corolla with | | a filiform tube, ang a deeply cleft limb (the nerves of the lobes intermediate ant nthe T margins and zis). ] 1. H. scabioseus (L'Her.): clothed with a more or less taciduad ap- 4 pressed wool; leaves pran or the fede} and lower bipinnately je E. the segments linear or oblong, entire or sparingly x E) in nearly simple and lod small corymbs; scales of the involuere E ; (about 10) roundish-obovate, petaloid, dilated, exceeding x disk ; achenia i somewhat hairy ; scales of the pappus very small.—* L’ iss. cum ic^; Miche. £ fl. 2 104; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 519 & 742; Ell. sk. 2 p. 3133 2 DC. ; i 7 8. oa 658. "Rothià Caroliniensis, Lam. jour. hist. nal. 1. pe 16, ., 5. " DUTY 1. 66 " E Dry ne e and around apts, South Carolina! to Florida! Alo... y Western Louisian prm April-May.—@) or 2( ? Stem 1-3 feet g p ~ Leaves rose fae when young often tomentose, woolly or canescent on i a h sides, at length frequently glabrous or nearly so, as well as the stem. , Achenia somewhat an youre, pim xlandulfir paper ent (un under - lius (DX Ji st stem woolly when young, hol Ta ves de ensely | tomentose-canescent beneath ; the radi cal and z e petioled, lanceolate-oblong, entire, or often ‘ginuatecint ised OF i i owards th s i 5 Jt ecially towards the base; the upper sessile, lige os d with ^ rgest, the lateral lobes ceolate, acute; the uppe i ge s n numerous, in k ; seal ral or oblong, ee petaloid, scarcely teo 2 villous : scale so thè pappus somewhat conspic ieuous, 1 Pi late-oblong. EDC, prodr b PAE, á i d a Texas, P Mni. Does ond ! Mr. Lindheimer! /—(9) Stem 23 get Pus d cal le aub vid QUT ieee large, adc cR Ia = a a E heac y of the involucre (8-19) ob i emm. é Sin ml about the le Kyle acheni® © = an les; Aran ag th © pepper s Dp " 1 do J COMPOSITR. 37 j Ta ^ Prairies of Arkansas. e "Week c ! Texas, Drummond! B. im VAR River, Arkansas, Nuttall /—(2) Stem 2-3 feet hi igh, loosely corym ~~ above; the branc hlets. minutely tome n ose and Se Soniy clustered on the fhick caudex, line- tr well a late, silky-villous, scapes when young, and P invo- | the scales of m. itt lanceolate, i in 2 series; scales o y * E. : t Ls * 382. COMPOSITE. ACTINELLA. pappus m, — d tipped w Se xg awns.—JNutt.! gen. 2. p. ee m in "— hil. s oe a acaulis, Spren st. 3. ann. d New 2 13. Galardia acaulis, Pursh! a = 5X 743. - Cephalophora pecs acaulis, DC. prodr. 5. p. 663. : Dry chalky soil, along the upper of the Missouri & Platte Rivers, Bradbury, Nuttall! Dr. James | —Pl: But P awing in A A ufts. Lr 1-2 inches long, the ‘silky pubescence dense and appressed. Sca inches long. Heads three-fourths of an inch in «idées, aetud the 10-1 cuneate-oblong yellow rays. Proper uba of the disk-corolla almost none. Receptacle hemispherieal. Achenia very villous. Pappus nearly - . ling the corolla of the disk. + Ae eiie iat Dade dde Veiis scapes, involücre, and dl of the leaves very t lea red, narrowly linear, obtuse, . sparsely hairs wena sa sc wit blackish dots, usually as long as the scape; scales of the involucre oblong-ovate, with scarious we in about 2 series ; ae of the pare 5-7, ovate, nearly awnless.— Nuit. ! in trans. — Amer. phil. soc. l. c syn. Shelving peres Bio lofty hills or mountins of the Upper Platte a E the “Three Bu tes," Nuttall’! June.—Plant 2-3 inches high. Leaves a — line wide, rigid. Heads rather smaller ‘han in the preceding. Rays pes large, 8-10. Racsbtacle conical. 4. A. lanata (Nutt.! 1. c.) : densely CE. very woolly t Goud Fiii rater linear-oblance olate, the primary oblong E E atulate and some- what glabrous when old, nearly impunctate ; oe of tl a eh m oar pas in ir abiak "e series; the inner with : scarious margins ales of th pappus 5-6, ovate, p Ys "Auk ees oct integrifolia, Torr. iw ann. lyc. New York, l. c of Kun : With the edem pes it closely eni Nuttall. / d Wee tains in about lat. 41?, Dr. Jan June.—'The men of A. i lia? Torr. l. c. is so imperies hel we cannot e sion G denk reli it to the present species; but it certainly is not the same. with the fore egoing. 5. A. glabra (Nutt.! 1. c.): dens ly;cæspitose ; leaves narrowly linear or Fd linear-spatulate, nearly wt oirh old, impressed punctate ; the dilated mbricated on the slender branches e "al caudex; scape x naked o =À ara b tanto leaf; Tow the involucre , obtuse, woolly, in ries ; scales of the pappus 5, oblong-ovate, acere dies nearly Medo: scarcely more than half the length Of the coro Hu haies the Shawnee villabos on the pce ‘Nuttall On w Platte? 3 " James!—Plant 3-5 inches high. Hea E r than in A. aca alis. "< Pappus shorter than in a of the reba ope | 76. A. scaposa (Nutt. ! l. c.): villous; stems 1 iin me s simple bear- ' ingasingle head ; leavés radical, linear-la nceolate, attenuate at the bas entire, or some ot them pinnati döda th a few a seg Eee ei rior sedes the involucre obtuse, appressed, shorter than ie e disk ; scales of the pappus oval, abruptly awned, a little shorter than the c D C.—Cephalophora. (Actinella) scaposa, DC. prodr. 5. p. 663. 3 B. linearis (Nutt.! 1. c.) : cinereous-pubescent, diee villous; scapes - a — ess ching aim. , on which the narrowly linear en nctate leaves are closely imbricated ; scales o the pvo in amm 2 d. silk adir, chium sparsely villous. in the eastern districts Berlandier ; hacas DV . Riddell — in the es t dese 2L 2 inc th : a prai with this description, ex 5 , &c.; and the involucre is nearly as 10 x E7 LCTINELLA. COMPOSITE. 383 as va sp The heads are rather larger than in “he ee species the rays or more, E yellow, ellipticäl oblong: The membranaceous cR of the pappus number, a ndish-oval, ibo Riy l-nerved, and very abruptly piik ; e awns nist: in the tud similar but awnless. eee Annual : » stems branching, diui : leaves entire, ê 7. A. linearifolia : scme vit pubescent with slender spreading hairs; pe- E" slender, terminating the spreading branches; leaves n narrowly linear, ost oblanc of the pappus 5-6, o ow gem ith slender Petar —Hymenox vit linearifolia, Hook. ic. pl. t. 146; RDC. TUE Te p. 2 3 > = © Texas, Drummon ep [ Western Louisiana or Ark kansas, .Dr. Le boeooFs ? — Plant slender, 6-12 inches high. be one-half to two-thirds of an inch dn sorge bi epu. the 8-9 rather large obovate-oblong rays, which e ntly pale yellow. necon cle conical. Ac Apo ee did Wm. lide the odor of Ch e when bruised, as in t node a apa it is didbücwr: a ae ipi of the ecm species * 126. AMBLYOLEPIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 667. Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single series, za. at the apex ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in two series; the exterior 6 or 7, ov ate, acute, foliaceous, ap- bu pressed, as long as the disk ; the inner roundish-obovate, very obtuse, hyaline, Er nerveless, Receptacle flattish, alveolate. Corolla of the disk with à short ` tube and an inflated throat, 5-lobed ; the lobes lanceolate, callous- -apiculate. rs with long acute appendages. Branches of the style not appendicu- date. Achenia turbinate, very ug with appressed hairs. Pappus of 5 Aa i obtu use nervele ess scales in a single series, as long as the tube of the co- à ual erect and simple herb, ‘sparingly hairy along the stem, the ~~ leaves, and the scales of the involucre. Leaves alternate, partly clasping, not decurrent, oval-lanceolate, nearly entire. Heads termi- nal, solitary, of the size and aspect of Pyrethrum Myconis. Flowers george. " e p 4. setigera (DC. 1. c. ) Texas » between Bexar and Austin, Berlandier A. high. Leaves dew; the lower Shani the upper acuminate, DC.We have seen this plant N only in the herbarium of De Candolle. & c7 . 107. p Linn. ; ; Lam. 5 t. 688; DC. 7 nd 5. p. 665. x Heads many-flowered, atc ; the cy tow rers in a single series, mE. Siu. CUP MUERE, 3-5-cleft at the summit, néarly tr. quite destitute : es of the involucre in 2 series; the exterior linear or silii, ous, spreading or reflexed ; the interior fewer and much shorter, chaffy. T ] acle convex, globose, or oblong, naked? Corolla of the disk with an E y short M tube, and a c — . s inflated 4—5-toothed b * » 384 — e ‘courosrrs. the teeth v. slightly dilated and obtuse at die apex. Achenia rivai, or ribbed, villous on the ribs. Papius of 5-8 membranous apiculate or awned somewhat 1-nerved scales.—Erect branching (North American and Mexican) herbs; with alternate minutely punctate leaves, decurrent on the © striate-angled stem and branches. Heads terminating the branches. Flows ers yellow, or the rays (minutely pubescent beneath) rarely purplish-brown — towards the base, and the corolla of -the disk often brownish or purplish at the summit, sprinkled with bitter resinous globules. i ; § 1. Receptacle Pnvex or globose: corolla of the disk mostly 5-toothed.— Helenia, Lon, Gaertn. x ^ 1. H, autunnale (Linn.): glabrous or pigptely pubescent ; leaves lanceo- la ate, or the uppermost entire ; acute, ngly decurrent ; scales of the involucre linear-subulate ; rays flat, onger 1 globose disk ; scales of the pappus ovate or ovate-lanceolate, somewha la e i = acuminate- mcwited, about one-third or one-fourth the length of the. oo BR | To Uu o e [o] E og ec a © £g Se o x = — landi. 1 250; Pursh, A ; Ell. sk. 2 ; Sept. t. 26; HIE fl. Cest. pe 487; Eien. bot. Bor.-Am. 1. p. ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 666. H. “pubesce (ed. 1) 3. p. x -P- grandiflorum: scales of the pappus narrower and.m awned, one~ m. sated thirds the length of ne: corolla at 2 tubular) —H. autum- spei ! p Cry per. H. grandiflorum, Nutt. ! in trans. É E. a (a. ser p.23 RR uet Nu! C. y: pabulo: : id the pappus lanceolate, acuminate-awnt EY und of the eg : pepe Miaran Seeqaatty 5-cleft.—H. tubuliflor .4 l. c.—Probabl sedeat state of var. p. a as some of the rays are d nd M: at all tubular i in ys authentié Specimen. - so. 9. canalicu ulatum : EE pappus ovate, niles acutish, ing . Slightly awned, a rth the length of the corolla : rays concav [^ sw] or PUR ae —H. canaligulatum, Lam. in jour.i hist “nak 213, t. 9: 3 In wet P^ alluvial xu nearly thronghout North gs i from es i3 and Georgia! to Hudson's Bay! Subarctic America west to E Aug.-Oct.—21 iden 1-3 feet high, nee s mb summit. Leaves e bitter, as in all the species | ‘Of the gen Ig. t E mmon in New York ; while ótber specim hen I | m a reduced and merely acute v tla nee -1 E. Tos AE. d H. parcifiorum (Nutt ak glabrous: uch b bronchál TT an LÀ very T and fe Fein species, sempre at all bitter d HELENIUM. COM POSITS. : 385 T H. autumnale, to which this species has an aflioity; the leaves are also generally entire and scarcely pug ent. Rays slightly pubescent external- E ly.” Nuttall.—We have only seen cultivated specimens: in these the ribs the achenium are villous with Toüg feikjored hairs. 3 i . H. tenu Vt isis tt.): bc o ud much branched, nearly glabrous; a d crowded and usually fascicled, very narrowly linear, entire ; rss of x involucre omen rays a longer than the globose disk : scales of pappus aaa. entire, crowned with a rupt awns, as ec Wir e d la.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Phil lad. 7. 66; Hook.! compan. to bot. j P pe t La ud dd. road-sides, Mississippi ! Louisiana! and Arkansas! fen common and trou uble esome w eed, imparting a bitter taste to the milk of co that feed upon it.” Dr. He de: April-Nov.—2{ Plant 8-20 inches high, ^, very lpaty- Disk 3-4 lines in diameter, yellow. Laas villous. . $2. Receptacle oblong or conical: corolla of the disk mostly 4-toothed.— E TN Fetpdus, 1 ass. : a Piscis: ; heads bibite the sim = E id brauche rays und in ucre very short; disk globose; scales of the pappus ovate, c ate- abe somewhat denticulate or lacerate, rather shorter tea the achenia. pie prodr. 5. p. 667.. H. pubescens, Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 149, —. Ssuppl. p.355; notof Ait. H. Californicum, Link, ind. a hort. Berol. j " à id qb rec UNDA, Less. in Linnea, 62 p. 5 fs LE De p MIN " abi n): somewhat aoa og branched; rail and lower leaves oblong-pinnatifid ; he bpper coa 1-9-toothed ide; the uppermost Y. s. ce i involucre pi rays shorter m “(DC. glabrous $e minutely puberulent]; stem ran aa “bearing many h ds; leaves lanceolate, entire, jl Mery short ; rays one (yellow) glabrous} obtu iN odr. 5. p. 6 ys u1 v. DC. wn x tomi the “hase yellow at the m unctate.—H. elegans, DC. L c ~, Texas? between Lando a ud n Berlandier Viren E pos 4 ings in diameter, DC.) "Texas or A Mr. Be * ) 8. Texas, Drummond ! Pian (ded feet high; a minutely ‘hiber- . lent bran ches bearing numerous corym heads; the globose disk 3 lines Rays much longer ches the subulate scales of the involucre, Xf the disk, glabrous or or nearly 80; the receptacle depressed- than the ovoid-oblong disk ; sc of the short Deppus. po Labill. in act. soe: nat: i P T 2 tA m. all. t. 688 ; - 598 ; ene = 3. ; DC.! prodr. 5. p.‘ 666. Rudbeckia enn soil id. fem Of iver p Mississippi! and Arkansas June- wes ms lant 1-3 feet high ; ^e stems and isana wi inge ed. ds smäll: the disk yellow chenia minutely wer “< +: 386 í " COMPOSIT E. Hexestom. onical. oT of the disk brownish-purple at the apex. - Achenia 1 minute- - » pubes Lower leaves oblong, vienne tapering to the sasi upper sauces rinde ney decurr H. Mexicanum (H. B. & K.) is said by Nuttall (in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. edad to ibn been collected in Louisiana y Mr. Teinturier. We have seen no specim which accord with the Mexican plant. ; H. long ogee oo a entire, very smooth ; peduncles E. naked, elong eve in re cy. H.a mnale, Mill. dict. ed. 8, e Eo : iy SS suppl. p. ^ of unknown origin, A» at p not known either in he Berlin Garden or in the herbarium of Willden dx e Le (Link, enum. 2. p. 338) is probably a state e 'H € H. P aan of Link, is described in the Index Seminum of the Berlin Garden for 1840 (fide Linnea, 15. — p. 83) froma plant «egg from seeds sent by Dr. gelmann of St. Louis: we (e not seen the descriptio — .. H. commutatum, Link, |. c. is also said to be a new species from North America. — 128. LEPTOPODA. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 174; Ell. sk. 2. p. 445. Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the ray-flowers in one or more series, - E: : late, cuneiform, 3-4-cleft at the summit, nearly or quite destitute of tube —. neutral. Scales of the Guedes! in 1-2 series, ona or reflexed ; the: a exterior numerous, foliaceous, lanceolate-subulate ; the inner very | - chaffy. Receptacle conical or hemispherical, naked, areolate ; the areole EA becoming fleshy. Corolla with a short narrow tube, and an elongated de ij _ draceous 4-5-toothed throat; the teeth short and obtuse, dum Branches of the style short, slightly dilated and truncate at the a nia short, truncate at each end, somewhat ey: or aitaa many- 'appus -of 6-12 (rarely 5) “membranous and silvery. o oblong 3 linus nerveless and awnless) scales, denticulate, udis or fimbriate, — longer than the achenia.— Perennial (North American) herbs, with the habit : &c. of Helenium ; but usually with simple fistulous stems, naked above L and terminated by a solitary large head. Flowers of the ray and disk TE or sometimes brownish-purple, sprinkled with resinous globules; the former mostly pubescent externally. y | w Tie first section Z the n Helen is somewhat peculiar in habit: the second is amei, i Fw eee lenium by its neutral rays. $1. Stoni sity simple, naked at the summit, and owe by a e d : large head : rays numerous (12-40), spreading : pappus awnless : pedun E > ele _ commonly dilated or obconical under the head.—LEPTOPODA pop A i eo» Achenia xr pee ume scales of the pappus slightly thickened or dee w I Haim zm v debis vague d un d | " leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, elongated, — ae 5 the radical and lowermost tapering. qu x y* LaPTOPODA. COMPOSITE. 287 petioles; scales of the pappus lacerate, especialy near io d onem somewhat e ted with a UM bristle ; ficos 0-30 in eries. Nutt. gen. CI: DU L. Helenium E aiii, Niti in Ds: Amer. hil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. "373. a: kamo Macbride, deer tse: ma! South dl eorgia ! wet soil, like all the species. s gis A -April.—Stem 1-2 feet h igh. Lowe cauline leaves 4-7 inches long, 1-nerved; the primordial small. Heads an inch and a half in diameter, including the rays. ix L. inci isa: glabrous; apo langeolate, ier ROMS sessile, not von om pne: —— or incised ; of the slig ns , nude at the summit ; rays j dod (40 (al ur 7)i ina P aovtte or triples ` orgia, K. Le Conte !—Plant with the habit of L. puberula, aiid wii | the incised or plundtifid leaves so common in that species; but the achenia Emi glabrous, strongly striate; the pappus nearly as in L. Hel aee ucre glabrous, 2 short. The rays in the only epatis we posse are in 2 or more seri. 2 E (NL _ * * Achenia hairy on the angles: pappus wide L. finbriata : glabrous vw neatly so; leaves lanceolate or linear-lance- acute, entire or remote denticulate, often decurrent ; the lower elon- gated ; the radical lanceis ; scales of the pappus deeply mod int capillary segments.—Galardia fimbriata, Michx. fl. 9. p. 1 East Florida, Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Tirxenttend- P Dr. jns orth ! ing in wet soil, and in pine barrens along streams, like all the pu er =) species. April-May.—Stem occasionally forked above, 1-2 feet high. Leaves membius noe of L. Helenium. Rays rather numerous, in a Receptacle oblong-conical. The scales dif the silvery pappus half the length of the corolla, an beautifully dissected about to the briata c of Michaux, although it best pote s with his character ; but, since that . name DTP roperly be employed for either of the species alread described, 3t may in da case ne deo amm for the present very distinct species, for which _ itis S very appropria ; * 4. L. puberula es bride): stem tomentose-pubescent and somewhat vis- cid; leaves seen agian aprire often toothed ; me diuine not de- A nt; the radical sometime often naan, E scales of ri the Pappu us obtuse, jaberatéenticnlats at the su ummit, or or nearly entire.— Ell. sk. 2. pi Ado, (excl. syn. (Michx?) ; DC. e "Bait de £ "=L. pinnatifida, Schwein. ! herb. ; Amer. phil. soc. we Paros | Carolina! to Georgia! and Flori Apr ay.—Siem 1-2 fet heh usually fistulous. jg. a eng ron 20-30 eas 3 iet 2 inches in er. d ao ios lia (N i sem labrous below, mi inutely pubescent » the fo T s d: Eo rely ore: d med hes p, ctn ical nce 5 ap] at the summit.—L. puberula, Ell. l. c., pa "e stonter and taller; leaves Jar rger ; Fi cauline more strongly de- L. integrifoli ia, M. À. Curtis ! mss. arolina ! to Alabama ! common. È "ht N. norm Mr. May-June.—Stem ; y slightl anched a - & e into a capillary fringe.—This is very probably not the Galardia fim- - r vernale, Walt., fide Ell. à am pinnati da: radical and sap a. leaves zd toothed or pin- L4 388 "ie COMPOSITE. Lrproropa. at the summit, bearing 2 or 3 esci Primordial radical oo often sessile, 1-2 . inches Pee the penne ng sometimes larger; the u cauline also small: but in var. 8. all are larger. "Heads 12-18 lines in damak including t tbe numerous ( (12-25) aye: Disbeliowergrowni at the persos or often p $ 2. Stem leafy, corymbose at the summit ; the heads on short peduncles : rays = .... 8-12, drooping (very rarely furnished with an abortive style or with sterile —— filaments).—Pskupo-nELENIUM. 6. dn i Srecka: apud pubescent, or glabrous below; stem fastigiate e at the summit; leaves es "sva b jpnceoie or oblong-lanceolate, . en "bs or e bue i. the upper cal f the involucre linear-lanceo- late, shorter than the globose (ie inh: olen n disk, ali kt half the length of —.— the golden yellow rays; scales of the pappus ovate, somewhat denticulate, — . mucronate or eva d cuspis awned: achenia hairy on t oeoo HN j lenium quadridentatum, Hook. / compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98 ; Croom! c i at} nol of Labill. Ae H. nudiflorum & H. mic ccena m il. X r. p c. p. 385. dark orange or brownish: -purple.—H. purpureum, Hale ! Damp soil. North —— to Georgia! and Florida! and from Ilinois! to Louisiana ! Arkans nd Texas! apparently common. ~ April-July.— — Plant 1-3 feet hi in [Miseni slender and si —— eos often much — branched ; ne radical leaves often toothed. Disk ines in diamet ptacle ovoid. Rays irregularly and ofien deeply v^ i one- a to three- fourths of an inch long. Corolla of the disk 4-5-toothed. Pappus sometimes _ scarcely pointed, but mostly uia with a mucronate point or iho awn— brown-purple s app c South- asosga ren -— is not E The rays are entirely sterile; E) ; le X a ee : | E 3 : - 2. BAnpwiNtrEZ.—Receptacle very deeply alveolate; the car- ; ; alveoli consisting of united chaff? enclosing the achenia. Rays E neutral. * 199. BALDWINIA. (Baldwina, Nut. gen. 9. p. 175 TUNE. E ik 0m > ^ Head | (subglobose in fruit) many- Bweri ; the ray-flowers 20-30, ligu- = e, neutral, in a single series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre d . eampanulate, scarcely as long as the disk; the scales imbricated in about series, short and thick, appressed, or at length somewhat squarrose ; the inner- . most longest, mucronate- -acuminate. Proper receptacle convex-conical, corn gul ar gy E d uan par c uM = Towly Ae 3-toothed at the ape ; "P : tube, and a cylindrical 5-toothed limb ; the teeth glandular- - ; Branches of the style didi crowned with a a ring or tuft of col- | 3 remind by a subulate cone. Achenia immersed in l-obconicz _" NM of 7-9 scele oblong em t COMPOSIT E. RE Fou 389 nerveless erect chaffy scales in a single series, as long as the corneous tube o the corolla, and about the length of the achenium.—A perennial puberulent d herb, with a simple or rarely somewhat branched striate stem, naked at the summit. Leaves alternate, rather thick, minutely punctate, short, linear- spatulate, sessile, entire. Head large, solitary. Corolla of the disk and ray yellow, punctate with resinous dots. Anthers yellowish-white. nthea, E D ! mss fargin of swamps, Virginia, near the coast, S. Carolina! Georgia! Flor- a! and Covi ein. Louisiana! July-Sept.—Stem about 2 feet nigh Leaves obscurely 1-ne rved. Head, deus vus rays, nearly 2 inches diameter ; the exter ior involucral scales ova Re cept mits resets honey-comb ; the cells 4 lines in denn. including pr (not stipitate) achenia and pappus bM he remarkable genus Baldwinia (as it should be wri tten) w. ang in commemoration of the late Dr. Wm. Baldwin; a buen of dis- guished talents -H indefatigable zeal, in whose early death pepe science this co pn sustained a severe loss. e genus may wel trieted to the pr nt spatiale as Sion xosed by Elliott; wh, however, DEN iT mistook the appressed silky hairs at the summit of the achenium for a fimbriate exte- E 130. ACTINOSPERMUM. Bll: sk. 2. p. 448, under Baldwinia. . Heads ipd a in fruit) many-flowered; the ray-flowers 8-10, ligu- : ig neva those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involuere much shorter than the disk ; the ph imbricated in about 2 series, lanceolate, somewhat - M iac S, squarrose ; the interior mucronate-acute. Proper receptacle : small, covered with cartilaginous subulate-cuspidate chaff, concret E somewhat vieron ia cells, in which the pee te pappus are Proper tube almost none. Style e &c. as in Baldwinia. Aliena digan silky, stipitate, flat we 12-radiate at the summit, and crowned. with a short. cup-shaped pappus of about 12 orbicular-obovate nerveless s, which - slightly thickened at the base.—An annual or biennial ? slender corym jointed hairs; the slender branches naked at the summit, and te ed by t small but showy heads, with somewhat the aspect of a Coreopsis ; the bright ide 3-4 times the length of the involucre. Disk-corolla and anthers » Spri with resinous globules. Leaves very numerous, alternate arly scattered, often much crowded, narrowly linear, nitian ptes per sessile, thickish, impressed-punctate, nerveless. Buphthalmum angustifolium, Banks! herb. ; Pursh! a multiflora, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 176 ; Ell.! l.c. £4DC. wend Florida, Bartram! Baldwin! Mr. L. Le Conte! aE ra A ae ami 1-3 feet high. rs ae B. uniflora (Nutt.! 1. c.)—Ell. sk. 9. p. 147; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 653. | branched herb, glabrous, or when young often hirsute with scattered. + E & sh e UT A k . about the length of the disk. Chaff of the convex or conical involucre nar- : Lor © atifolia, Michz.! fl. 2. p 105, t. 43. Trattenickia latifolia, P e te MES zn E i i ‘Dry vil Virginia! to Alabama! along or near the mountains. = i 390 e COMPOSITE. /.— ACTINOSPERMUN. Leaves | ess than a line wide, often eet filiform ; those 5 is re radiated summits o Madrepores, as Elliott remarks. The ute cbai sca uod the are inserted by a narrow “thicke ned b ^ pe spread, like t rosaceous flower, from the flat summit of the hi tu f iile ation um. Div. 3. Ganinsoce m, DC.—Receptacle chaffy throughout; the chaff distinct. eae of the involuere not enclosing the ray-achenia. Rays fertile or neutral, or non alinsoga parviflora, Cav. is gelten naturalized Te pu a zy i escaped from the Botanie Garden at Cambridge, as it ne fro pean : we have also found it in a psi field near r Princet NOW Jerse 131. MARSHALLIA. Schreb. gen. 2. p. 810 ; Cass. ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 680. " Persoonia, Michz.—'Trattenickia, Pers.—Therolepta, Raf. 4 * many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and similar, perfect. - Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, in 1-2 series, erect, rowly linear, rigid or herbaceous. Corolla pubescent, with a filiform tube and a 5-parted (occasionally somewhat bilabiate) limb; the lobes long at linear, See Branches of the style slender, slightly pubescent, tronos at the chenia turbinate, somewhat 5-angled, mostly hairy or ; MES. ie 5 or 6 ovate or triangular-lanceolate acute or acuminate nerveless ia e: hing at the base), and solitary heads (resembling those of Scabiosa) terminating the aa, stem or branches. Flowers pale purple or rose-t the anthers blue. de 1. M. . latifolia (Pursh): nt simple or sparingly branched above, leafy; ves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, ved ; scales of the in ne i a i ^ d. 1 a h. gen. b. p , : copied from that of Michaud; Athanasia trinervia, Walt. ! Car. p- June.—A foot PN pe Ties about 2 faches long, w three- amet Papp TAB, M oat narrow nue of the mea us i e rye ; chaff filiform rin-seraceous s achenia minutely nd oa the rns Wat ‘Car. p- COMPOSITE. D 391 ine woods, &c., North Carolina tE to Florida! Tennessee, and Western souisiana ! June-Ang.—A ‘oot high, somewhat pubescent at the summit. Lowest leaves 3-6 inches long, petioled; the u ermost linear-setaceous ; all rigid. Involucre shorter than a disk. Seales of the pappus somewhat denticulate, very obscurely 1-ne 3. M. lanceolata (Pursh! |. c ee stem simple, very leafy near the base naked above; leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, mostly obtuse, triplinerved, tapering into petioles, the upper sessile; scales of the involucre oblong-linear, obtuse ; chaff linear aud somewhat dilated at dE PE achenia E te.— c - — Persoonia lanceolata, ge LU Trattenickia féhicedtal: Hes Iv _ Athanasia obovata, Walt. ! Upper districts of North Carolina! to Middle Florida! April-June.— Stems 10-90 inches high, a little pubescent near the summit. Pappus . tawny, somew hat ae cuspidate-acuminate. . 4. M. cespitosa (Nutt.) : stems mostly simple, czspitose, T3 f at to base; leaves lanceolate- "ib. rather obtuse, obscurely 1-3-n at petiol somewhat dilated at the apex; achenia villous et an on the e: Sa of us pappus "m cs (ut acute.— Nutt. / in DC. prodr. 5. p. bot. mag. «Tam / Aelii /. Texas, Drummond ! aves (2-3 chos in & 2 3 Hees wide) all crowded at the base o mple scape-like stem. hee conspicuous, tawny ; the scales so broad as verlap, often lacerate-denticulate near the summit, not pointed. 132. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 316. (excl. spec.) & Ptilonella, Nuit. P ug few-flowered; the ray-flowers about 3, ligulate, short, dilated cunei- form, 3-5-lobed, pistillate, and sometimes with rudimentary stamens; those ‘te disk (7-9) tubular, perfect; the central ones infertile. Scales of the aom of the disk glabrous, with a short tube dece an mes za e asi Style i in the disk-flowers hairy and slightly thickened above. the 3 the branches extremely short and obtuse, 1 thick, glabrous, not o i Ire and scabrous alternate and crowded leav E we Shovbranchlets: the involucre, branchlets, and upper leaves glandular- Robes «exam ite: anthers brownish -purple. . L c.)}—DC. prodr. 5. p. 679. Ptilonella scabra, Nutt. / er, phil. 50c. et ser.) 7. p zon, east of Wallawallah, Douglas! zs I an inch long, half a line wide. Ej å stig, D and € prairies, Arkansas & Western Louisiana, Nuttall! f Dr. | le! Dr. 4 "à 392 | X" Naa? COMPOSITÆ. 3 Heads 3 3 lines lor. Rays scarcely 1 lager than the disk, sometimes pa à and i dpa with stamens: m nches of the style linear.— * ero is very peeulia ore like dit : e res —De Ca ndolle's s iohsattor of Blepha |. combining ia description of Hooker’s two species, is caer uently inapplica- i bs to either. ivision of the gem as cond edition of Lindley? s Introduction to the Natural System, die Supplement to ea Beechey's Voyage (p. 358) ; retaining the name. ‘ or the iy pe spec . Div. 4. Manirx, DC.—Receptacle chaffy throughout, or only at the i margin ; ; the chaff often more or less united. Scales of the involucre con- = volute or complicate and enclosing the (fertile) achenia of the ray, w which are - always destitute of pappus. (Natives of Chili, California, and o 133. ACHYRACH/ENA. Schauer, del. sem. Vratis, 1837; DC. Le b. 3 a * Head many-flowered ; the ray-flowers sterile, small, somewhat ligulate, or cleft un one side, retaining the rudiments of stamens and style; those of . the disk perfect, 5-cleft. Scales of the involucre in a double series, lanceo- late; the exterior foliaceous, somewhat convolute and including the tay- flowers; the inner plane, with scarious margins. Receptacle flat, bearing & . series of chaffy scales between the ray and disk ; otherwise naked, alveolate x and somewhat fimbrillate. Anthers not caudate ; the antheriferous x peser long. Branches of the style nearly terete, puberulent. Ac | ed, attenuate at the base, longitudinally striate, scabrous along. * T nerves ; in DE destitute of pippa; ; in the disk aure with a an ample kiin half p of the inner; the latter when young SCIT E arou a d i € of the corolla.—A villous herb [annual], with somewhat die lait di or orzonera, rather canescent; some. ‘of the hairs long, others al wey short and perhaps glandular. Stem nearly simple, naked at the um mit and bearing a single head. Leaves alternate, linear, sessile, € B, Corolla with a long tube, in the dried specimens pu P D 8453 J.A. mollis (Schauer, 1. c. )—Li nned, 12. um prodr. B opere im erai Bartl. ind. ; o. p^ c § in Linnea rak 2 fd - Western. tens of N i C an Described by De fimbriate atthe apex, as lon oblong 20-30-flowered head the | is about half an i uscous; the hh ong Accord h longe at oot E oo | ee ve ap. ee 7 * . Am ae J " i Aenrnacnzsa. COMPOSITE: é "393° e$. * We would here observe, that, since the preceding page was printed "wild s specimens of the well-marked AcuvnAcHxNA (California, siia, B. have fallen under our ies (lions we having casually (— them, as De. Candolle had done, in Ciobbrachéb, with specimens of . 134. LAYTA. Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 148 (1833), § 357 ; notof p. 182. Sere Arn. (1836)—Madaroglossa, DC. (1836)—Blepharipappus, partly, Hook. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-15, ligulate, 2-3-toothed or cleft, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre oblong or lanceolate, acute, equal, in a single series, foliaceous above; the base convolute and pe Y the an adiac a. specs spin acle flat, pubescent, ehafly at the margin ; and disk-flow- í ers, and resembling an inner row of Noli scales; or facis in 2-3 series. . Corolla .of the disk with a short proper tube and an infündibuliform throat, 5-toothed ; the teeth and the tube sparsély hairy. Branches of the style in 2 [i the disk-flowers filiform, very acute, hairy above, at length exserted and re- ` curved. Acheniaof the ray glabrous, linear-oblong, attenuate at the base, or subclavate, more or less obcompressed, somewhat incurved, crowned with a - small iei disk, destitute of pappus; of the disk linear-clavate, an- . gled, appressed- -pubescent or villous, with a pappus of 10-20 equal bristly or 2 Siuk, awns, which are naked and scabrous-serrulate above, and plumose or villous with very long weak hairs towards the base.—Annual or bierin finial S pubescent or hirsute and often glandular herbs (natives of California and linear or oblong leaves ; the upper usually entire, and the lowermost incisely or pinnatifid. Rays yellow or white ; the disk-flowers yellow. An- - "hers brownish or purplish. : Under the name of Layia, this genus was proposed by Hooker & Arnott sev PES * .. Years anterior to Madaroglossa, DC. ; but the authors themselves seem to have for- . Bolten it, as they some time afterwards applied this name to a Chinese Legumin ( plant; ren however proves to be the Macrotropis of «d i XI In the s - plement to t. Bee y Layia i cO ve s e present genus; M eec b EE ta eh p tog the name for the Leguminous plant. 3i E e § 1. Rays yellow. —M adaroglossa, DC. : 4 1. L. gaillardioides (Hook. & Arn.) : decumbent, bispid throughout wit rigid spreading bristles ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; the tiens S EL n . Serrate, the upper entire ; the flower-bra p somewhat. ek k ^ T era 3-cleft a ihe apex, twice the length of rare sine _ Hook. &. Arn. bot. Beechey, p. lis hes Trident ps ys B j, P ee: species (which we have not seen) appe Wer Frou: le others _ the more deed vnde ng chaff of ie P. EPOR more bs Seri Ec t CE (Hook. & Arn. HESS hispid throughout ae spreading | bristles; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coarsely incised-serrate ; those of the .VOL. u—50 | : " j & ks ^ $ Li # Li Gi p. 357. * te California, Mr. Lay; the Na Samet eS . Beechey’s voya ` $ Oregon) ; ; with showy heads terminating the branches, and alternate sessile . i x à | 4 "^ 394 ; COMPOSITÆ. Lari. ower-branches linear and e entire; rays about 15, entire, oval-oblong, a little . longer th than the disk; pappus fuscous. DC.—Mad aroglossa hieracioides, € Cali fon a, Douglas. ek aad a igs highs ne the habit of an Echium ; the bristles eked from a blac s 2 inches long, 6-7 li broad. esq of the disk a little villous awns of the pappus pit at ‘the | base. DC. 3. L. carnosa (Nutt. SES stem decumbent, hairy towards the summit ; leaves succalen, smooth, linear-oblong, spass toothed ; head subsessile, solitary; scale: the in Volant line ear, obtuse, softly pubescent ; rays very small, 2-3- fobthied ; ; achenia of ihe ray ‘and disk pubescent; pappus of 18-20 loosely plumose awns.—JNutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 393, under Mada- - roglossa. St. Die ego, California, Nuttall! on the sands of the sea-coast. May.— e 3—4 inches high. Lower leaves oblong-spatulate, the coarse teeth ob- è exe! acne if at all exserted. Pappus as long as the corollaof the + disk, whiti . L. elegans (Nutt.) : stem decumbent, somewhat hirsute, much branched " fiom the — leaves sparsely hispid, linear-lanceolate ; the radical pinnati- ; the auline inise toothed towards the apex, the uppermost m ; tahod, longer than the disk; pappus white.—JVutt. / l. c., under Mada- ox Barbara, ehem. oben /— Awns of the pappus more densely yd . mose towards the base than in L. heterotricha, dd D g and v ends 2 s ae i T et E. inte e y and the yellow rays É small an in that species: It appears to differ bonr E. hieracioides by its ian deeply toothed rays, very woolly white pappus, &c. § 2. Rays white, or nearly so.—Eriopappus, Arn. Ay "c . L. glandulosa (Hook. & Arn.) : erect, ce - with rigid s spread- ing bá ristles ; sari broadly linear, entire; the u with the peduncles and ao glan dular (some of the gla nde black uu stipitate) ; des 12-13, D m the le med of the Heeehuiro: puppes very w (Char. ex ex Ho C.)—Hook. & Arn Ss eechey, s “ppl. P- n "Blephar- pappus hurt a Hook. fl. Bor. oes p. 316. pode glandulo- . sus, Arn. in Lin as yo syst. p. 443. i angustifolia, DC. prodr. mm. n the pl laine of the Oregon, in sandy soil, under the sh hade of nia, [?] Douglas.—Pla nt 6-8 inkes high, vaguely branched ; the heads nearly sp e asin Leucanthemum vulgare. Achenia of the ray giabrow’? * of the di Hook.—A foot high, with the aspectof Echium. Lowe . leaves Meus hiepid, Tasse pale yellowish. Achenia of the ray [disk j . appressed-villous. DC. i ‘ +e L. Douglasii (Hook. ey Am. : somewhat decumbent, clothed with ly wl ar; ios leaves piunatifid-toothed s the upper . entire; rays (white) 3-cleft, nd twice the lengthof the disk; pappus ful- .9 qM & dm , suppl. p. 358. eC ees islands of ‘the Oregon, between " Narrows and the Great Falls E - a à (Hook. & Arn. ! 1. vai stem alate leaves com the u » QUE E uw " * i "y d s ^ ^ as ie a Lana. | COMPOSIT X. . 995 brous, with a short pubescence, and with hase ell black glande intermixed ; rays (white ?) 10-12, large, 3-cleft at the apex, twice the jene of the daks pappus ery white. a i ea i E E, DC. ! l.c. ; Hook. ! pl. t. 396 California, Douglas !—Plant 1-2 feet high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines wide. Rays nearly an inch long, probably white. Acheniaof the ray à Babi of the disk appressed v gaa tate: Awns of the pappus 15-17 ; the long plumose hairs ere 135. CALLICHROA. Fisch. § Meyer, 2nd ind. sem. St. Petersb. p. 31. Callichroa & Calliglossa, Hook. g Arn. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-15, ligulate, 2-3-toothed, pis- tillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre oblong or lanceolate, nearly in a single series, foliaceous; the base convolute and en- closing the ray-achenia. Receptacle flat, chaffy at ee eco only; or throughout. Corolla of the disk with a short pubescent tube and an infundi- buliform throat, 5-toothed. Branches of the style cabal uted hairy above, at length exserted and recurved. Achenia of the ray glabrous, narrowly obovate-oblong, obcompressed, somewhat incurved, crowned with a small protuberant disk, destitute of pappus; of the disk villous, Obcompressed, subclavate or narrowly cuneiform-oblong, with a pappus of 12 to 25 subulate and naked serrulate-scabrous awns.—Annual (Cal-- ifornian) herbs, with entirely the habit and aspect of Layia and Oxyura. a inia yellow; the rays often whitish at the apex. Anthers purplish- ng d The first section is only distinguished from Lars by the naked, instead of pismo awns of the pappus, and might perhaps be combined with it $1. Receptacle naked and pubescent at the centre, chaffy at the margin in one or-more series; the exterior resembling the scales of the involucre: achenia narrow: awns of the pappus (20-25) eae equal.—CarricuRoa, Fisch. e oe C. pla tyglossa 2 isch. & Meyer, 1. c.) : somewhat hirsute with dede. white hairs, and cinereous with a short pubesc ence, with sm all stipit ipe intermixed ; leaves osa: lanceolate ; the lower incisely sae Fy the upper n or slightly toothed ; poe: of the disk slender, slightly o ote mpressed, hen mature rather onger than the pappus; corolla what pu- descent —Don, Brit. fl. gard, ser. 2. t. 373 ; Schauer, del. sem. - Vratisl. 1837, C. r.7. p. 994 ; Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 357 ; Hoo. mik. t. 3719. Ed A eus hirsuta & angustifolia, Te lin showy, an inch and a half in diameter, ota the light ae yellow Ve ue apr. m ays; the latt ter whitish à at e tips. in dien DUM wd pas UA 3i + 1s * 396 COMPOSIT £. CALLICHROA. $ 2. Receptacle chaffy throughout ; the chaff membranaceous, short : achenia of the disk oblong-cuneiform: awns v the pappus (about 12) subulate, veryun- equal.—CaArrieLossa, Hook. & C. Douglasii: stem glabrous below, loosely branched and pubescent iia leaves es ciliate; the lower pinnatifid, with the linear seg- t oe 6. bot. reg. M1860 ye to the in Fisch. & Meye er, 3rd ind. l.c. 183 md in P a 12. suppl. p. 102 ; Scheer del. sem. Vratisl. 1837, p. 3, & in Linnea, |. c. p. 89; spot of DC. California, Douglas, (v. sp. cult. ert Sse Bei much resembling Oxyura chrysanthemoides i in ahead but with n and less compressed villous ac Awns of the pappus nei aid dilated s the base; 3or4 of the longer isi in length to the achenia. Rays whitish at the tips 136. OXYURA. DC. in Lindl. nat. syst., & prodr. 5. p. 693. Tollatia, Endl.—Oxyura, Lindl. bot. reg. as to descr. only. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-12, ligulate, coarsely 2-3-toothed at the apex, pistillate; those of the disk tubular, perfect; many of the cen- tral infertile. Scales of the involucre in a single series, hispid-ciliate, con- volute at the base and enclosing the ray achenia, abruptly narrowed above * T $ into a linear foliaceous and spreading appendage. Receptacle flat, chaffy — throughout; the chaff oval-oblong, membranous, ciliate, with acute herba- ceous or colored hairy tips. Corolla with a hairy tube; the infundibuliform limb in the disk-flowers deeply 5-toothed. Branches of the style in the disk- flowers long and linear, very acute, hispid, exserted and revolute. Achenia of the ray and disk similar, glabrous, obovate, obcompressed (with a very small epigynous disk), entirely destitute of pappus; the central often abor- tive.—An annual erect nearly glabrous herb, with the habit of Chrysanthe- mum segetum ; the branches pubescent at the summit, and terminated by rather large heads. Leavesalternate, pinnatifid ; the lobes 4-8 pairs, oblong- linear, entire, short, scabrous-ciliate. Flowers yellow : the anthers blackish- ind embracing the pex of the short and flat achenia,.—' , we be- lieve, has never been cultivated. In the MNA eres (7. p 294), De a has hich bed adduced the syn. Nar Mes ” ; “tbe. HEMIZONIA. - DC. prodr. 5. p. 692. Er i : Hemizonia & Hartmannia, DC, : Heads several-many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5-20, ligulate, 2-3-lobed, _ pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect, but infertile. Scales of the in; T : me y CS RMN et MESS Hemizonta. COMPOSIT A. 397 volucre in a single series, oblong or lanceolate, partly enclosing the ray-achenia, often subtended by linear bracts. Receptacle flat, chaffy either throughout, or only at the margin and punctate at the centre ; the chaff often more or less united. Corolla of the disk-flowers infundibuli- form, 5-toothed; the teeth (and often the tube) mostly glandular-bearded. Appendages of the style in the disk-flowers linear or subulate, acute, yery ispid. Achenia glabrous; those of the ray obovoid, gibbous, or slightly ob- compressed, convex on the back (where it is sometimes rugose or sparsely muricate,) often flattish anteriorly, slightly stipitate; the apex mostly oblique, _ and terminated with a small often papillose-exserted or beaked areola ; of the disk sterile or abortive, oblong, 5-7-nerved. Toit none; or in the disk- flowers sometimes of 5-8 short and. unequal. lacerate chaffy scales.—Low , ann ual or perennial hairy and sometimes in atom plants ; with alternate often crowded lanceolate orlinear lea eads (middle- sized) solitary or clustered. Flowers mostly yellow: etn brownish. The achenia of geo H fi dH rtainly sterile, at least in o specimens, although they contain a rudime entary ovule; as as nearly a all the species placed by De Candolle in Hemizonia. Hence the former of the three species referred to it. The remarkable union of the chaff in pel De cies of Hemizonia, artmannia, and Calycadenia, seems also to have escaped D Nutal i s observation. Hooker & Amott have noticed itin He 3 l. Heads 10-12-flowered, corymbose-fasciculate : chaff of the receptacle of 5 or 6 scales in a single series interposed between the ray and disk-flowers, united to the middle: pappus of the disk-flowers chaffy, lacerate-toothed at the apex: leaves incisely pinnatifid. ih ee MM pei annual hirsute ; stem stout, corymbose above ; the heads numerous, densely fasc icled at the summit of the fastigiate rie leaves Vb! Che agio ; the vdd pinnatifid ; the chopa man or nearly entire, closely sessile ; rays 5, short, obovate-cuneiform ; achenia obscure ely rugose on the back when ola, or aighir: muricate; sí di dope disk-flowers of 5-8 oblong chaffy sca ot half the length of the co- a, i lata, DC.! prodr. 5. p- 693; Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 7. H. glomerata, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 391. California a, Douglas! Nuttall ! April-May.—A span high. Flowers bright yellow. Disk- flowers ¢ enclosed in a 5-6-angular tube or cup, ati coim h —_ very firmly) by their edges at at least to the middle ; the tu. "P et nite (ray) achenia broad at the oe with * à small I beak-like parties prijeci from the anterior arging, BL Heads many-flowered, somewhat solitary : receptacle chaffy throughout ; - . the scales of the outer series united : pappus of the isk-flowers very small, Bembranous, fimbriate-lacerate, nearly obsolete A DC.) in the ez- Li 398 COMPOSITE. Hemizonia. 2. H. corymbosa: annual, hirgute- r poparen heads nearly solitary at the summit of the stem or branches; leaves M api y parted, tapering into a petiole ; the lobes 5-9 pairs, linear, med rays 15-20, oblong ; ray-achenia obscurely 4- id iw somewhat ose or muricate on the back; pappus of the disk-flowers of 6-8 hya aliti irre gularly laciniate very acute scales, ne one-fourth the py of the tube of the corolla.—Hartmannia corym- ! pr ‘ California, Douglas 1 TS Niafls a foot high, slender. Chaff scarious ; the xterior series united nearly to theacute herbaceous and I tips. Ache nia stipitate, tippe with a a protuberant areola from the inne margin of t x. Pappus wanting in the exterior disk-flowers, according i De Candolle.. 3. H.? ciliata: annual, stem somewhat glabrous, loosely branched at the summit, but S pais: the wi as pee leaves pinnately parted, with the entire Ti 94. ATUS Dod a NT with entirely the habit of the preceding but the achenia all destitute of pappus and terminated by an areola, and thetu be of the corolla obcompressed ; therefore ping the following t tribe. Head nearly that jd Chrysanthemum Myc C— is id ant is PAM OY af tay? e "A rer; Siki Fi » he £ j E 2H $3. Heads many-flowered, adis or me at the summit iim the » Wei: chaff of the receptacle in a single series between the ray and disk-flowers, not united : pappus none : leaves undivided. 4. H. angustifolia (DC. ): stem much branched, suffrutescent at the base ; the branches, leav ves, and involucre minutely pubescent; leaves and bracts narrowly tin near, entire; heads bracteate, somewhat solitary; chaff of the receptacle narrow, membranaceous ; achenia obovate, not stipitate, the apex mucronate with a short acute cone.— DC. T p r. 5. p. 692. H. congesta, . p. 3557 ache vary with age. "The Gralio) rays, about number, are slightly exsert- ed, with the branches of the style very long >$ filiform: the e tube of the di corolla glandular, as in most species of the genus, and the teeth hispid- bearded on thè margin. The leaves are about half i an inch tont and obtuse. 5. H. congesta (DC.): stem herbaceous, erect, ala the branches somewhat hispid with soft ves linear-Janceo- late, sparsely villous-glandalar sam besean, crowde er “chaff of the recep- mew vin achenia obovate, obtu t the ape» is California, Douglas.—Of this we have no specimen, if our H. angust stifolia . . be the true plant. The H. multicaulis, Hook & Arn., which is doubtless de. same with one or the other of these species, is ini: to have an an Aa . Slennial root; the stems somewhat simple, - corymbosely beine at with soft spreading hairs; the radical leaves linear-lanceo- recurved, do bears a Pile areola. DC. l. c.—H. multicaulis, Hook- gc Th. 4 E = Hemizonia. COMPOSITE. 399 late, serrulate, several-nerved; rather glabrous; the Do somewhat vil- lous, long and linear, the lower opposite and serrulate; the heads bracteate andi in clusters of 2-3: the achenia stn oe M an inflexed rostelli- form stipe; the chaff only a marginal seri § 4. Heads many-flowered, nearly solitary: receptacle chaffy throughout ; the chaff, with the scales of the involucre and the upper leaves, subulate-spines- cent: pappus none. H. pun TY somewhat ligneous at the base; stem sparingly * 6. gen branched, nd with whitish hairs; leaves crowded ; the lower pinnatifid, . with oblong or oblong-lanceolate spinose-mucronate lobes; the upper and those of the axillary fascicles € entire, rigid, spinescent, the recurved margins papillose-hairy; heads somewhat solitary, bracteate; scales of the involucre spinescent, gum, nearly bros the 2-cleft rays; achenia of the ray gi ous, with a termin oblique areola; receptacle wholly chaffy; the chaff csl Nike his es, "Hook. Arn. —Hartman- nia? pungens, Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 357 ; Hook. ic. pl. t. 334 Califo » Douglas.—‘ This is a very remake We plant, more like species of N: avarettia among the Polemoniaceæ than one of the present order. € can find no trace of it in De Candolle's Eod ^ Hook. 4. Th. $5. Heads few-many-flowered, not bracteate, corymbose: receptacle chaffy throughout; the scales of the outer series united: pappus none: leaves &landless, entire or serrulate: flowers white? H. filipes (Hook. & Arn.) : stem msp, erect, simple, hirsute with rved, wha ah ai; leaves linear, entire, 1-ne t hirsute with soft hairs, "es glandular ; the lower elongated, acumi dn ler ones fascicl iu their axils ; the upper much smaller and bractieform, with black arti oose; the rather rigid y ami filiform and glabrous; heads solitary on long pedice s, few-flowered ; the Segen! acie ate nia atA few, hirsute; achenia a oblong, Ute ei at the base. Hook. * Arn. bot. echey, suppl. p. 356. the tl. A7 California, Douglas.—‘* The corymb is lax, the p or tanchée beat a few Ge eas itm orleaves; but the stalk that supports the capitu lum is s d quite naked, and rigid. In habit it is : e nad ^ the other spec Hook. & -Arn.—This species, which is ge dem have many points of resemblance to the E saima uttall. 8. H. luzulefolia (DC.) : stem erect, trea capondeot corymbose at the summit; the branches and the involucre hirsute and somewhat viscid ; leaves linear lanceolate, cre: Neg not guntist: : ide lower elongated, tapering to the se, denticulat , 9-5-nerved, times opposite; involucre hemi- spherical, m any- oai nearly bractless ; achenia of the ray obovate, ob- compressed, somewhat gibbous, with a terminal obtuse sessile areola; those of the disk abortive.—DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 692. H. sericea, Hook. a Arn. hey, L. li California, Douglas.—Perennial! herbaceous, 8-12 inches high. Lower leaves 4-5 inche ng, 3-4 lines broad, and not unlike those of a Luzula ; the appressed silky pubescence becoming loose and villous-tomentose on the i , med at length somewhat deciduous: those of the bran one-fourth to half an inch long. Heads 3-4 lines broad; the scales of - 400 | ! COMPOSITAE. HrurzowiA. pos iiciin 8-10, rather latins than the disk. pesay weet of pho obtuse - mbranaceous chaff united — to the apex ; a portion of thes er also irregularly united with each other, and D the outer se ries. ys 8-10, apparently white, a little lo pasese "than the disk roadly ee deggie 3-lobed (the m iddle lobe smallest), M s oa an ext yd "P e^ ened and dai tube: the fertile achenia with a very s rved stipe, the base of whi ch is dilated into a scarious disk. Corolla of "s ‘disk white or yenowish 4 the che olate-brown anthers tipped (as in other TN with a broad roundish-deltoid appendage ; the ovaries abortive § 6. Heads many-flowered, somewhat solitary, $a ide chaf throughout ; the chaff, as well as the scales of the involucre, glandular laciniate, distinct or united only at the base: pappus none: leaves entire ; the were tipped with a large truncate gland: flowers yellowish- whi 9. H. macradenia (DC.) : stem suffruticose, much branched ; leaves linear, a slightly hairy (as well as the E haag crowded, with er ones often füscicled in their axils wer sparingly serrate’ sile truncate or cup-shape d gland; scales of aes ni goce and c receptacle glandular, their margins and back covered with vede ; cylindr- cal projections or laciniate teeth, which are vraies by a thick ui qua rtile achenia obovate, gibbous, somewhat angled on the back a face, the apex strongly i inguryed, and termina us by a short ascending beak those of the disk sterile. —DC. C.! prodr. 5. p. 693; Hook. & Arn.! L c ^ California, Douglas —This sin ular E des Spiraa Calyca aden ia in habit, as De Candolle maka: but itis surely by some mistake that itis said to resemble H. luzulzfolia. e find the achenia to accord wit an- ea iam r lea about half an inch long, half a line broad (rather dilated at the base), still smaller ones in the axils, t ic^ with a gland nearly as in Calycadenia- 138. CALYCADENIA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 695. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 3-5, pistillate, 3-lobed or 3-parted, with a slender mostly glandular tube; those of the disk tubular, perfect, but tween the ray and disk-flowers, distinct or united. Corolla of the disk infun- dibuliform, 5-toothed. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers with long filiform hirsute appendages. Achenia somewhat hairy; those of the ray obovoid-triangular, destitute of pappus; of the disk quadrangular-obcom" (. pressed, tapering to the base, fully formed and ovuliferous, but apparently di fertile, with a pappus of 5-10 chaffy and mostly awned scales.— -slender (Californian) herbs; with rigid chiefly alternate narrowly linear or ‘subulate J-nerved leaves, with revolute margins; the floral ones (crov^ L. CALYCADENIA. COMPOSIT. 401) on the short branchlets and at the base of the heads, orfascicled in the axils "of the cauline leaves) usually terminated by a large, sessile or stipitate, ace- tabuliform gland. Heads terminal or axillary. Corolla of the disk and ray white: anthers dark brown. _ The flowe 7 in all the species, IL yellow, as stated by De Candolle "The pappus | is ot mh men ao ned in the generic character of the latter au- thor; riti Endlicher has incautiously introduced dhe phani “ Pappus nullus." $ 1. Stem simple, strict: floral leaves tipped with a large saucer-shaped or nail-headed gland : rays somewhat convolute, unequally and often deeply 3-cleft: teeth of the disk-corolla short, ovate. —EUCALYCADENIA. l. C truncata (DC.! l.c.): stem very glabrous; leaves slightly sca- = NEn C. villosa (DC.! He c.): stem hirsute with white hairs; leaves setose- hispid towards the base ; the floral ones, as well as the sales of the involu- eads t cre, very villous n wa mostly tipped with a stipitate gland ; = nal and axi ry, Pug solitary, cuis b ile; chaff of the pom m hairy towards the apex, often ; achenia villous; pappus 0 rigid sibilant? cawned denticulate-scabrous rea as long ae tie E — Hook. ! bot. Beechey, suppl. p California, Douglas | Pant MR about 10 Léa high. 3. C. multiglandulosa (DC. ! 1. c.) : stem scabrous-puberulent and s sparse- ,. ly hispid ; leaves sparsely vd “hispid ; the upper cauline „phen witha ™ | subsessile gland ; the floral ones crowded or fascicled on the very numerous and We T axillary briéhlets (which bear solitary heads), the back and mar- gins well as the apex, furnished with stipitate glands; scales of the involuere : n the united chaff of the receptacle acutish, beset wit pipe ds; achenia glabrous; pappus of about 5 lanceolate subulate-awn „California, Douglas !—Apparently the largest ers 18 inches in height. Cau line leaves pare ui Rays short, very nt à lute, with a very short tube, heu 3- lobed ; the lobes aeron? the "rom ne much smaller thers. - C. cephalotes (DC. ! 1. c.): stem pubescent above; the heads Ji sing and crowded at the summit, and sometimes solita ary in axils; leaves long - very slender, nearly glabrous, sparsely Bispid-eiliate towards the base lower sometimes opposite ; the floral few, ti with a nearly sessile ie and towards the summ ished, as are the scales of the cronate-acute united chaff of the receptacle, e eis tbe: “ine émalt and the m ee - iois s puppid ‘natter scattered stipitate glands; achenia sparsely vi : i bul: A rhat ed je about length of the corolla, and as many intermediate and shorter lanceolate-oblong tuse scales. California, Douglas!—Plant slender, 6-10 inches high. Leaves linear VOL. I1.—51 NI 3 i è Te 402 COMPOSIT E. CALYCADENIA. filiform, 2 inches or o: in length. Corolla of the disk with deg tube; ofthe ray with a rather short glandular tube; the ligule ry Doi convolute, deeply 3-cleft ; the lateral lobes roundish-cuneiform ; us middle one much smaller. § 2. Stem much branched, diffuse, minutely glandular, as well as the involu- ere and upper leaves ; the cup-shaped glands none: rays 3-parted down to the slender tube; the oblong lobes somewhat equal, spreading : teeth of the disk-corolla (purple in the throat) oblong-linear.—OsxApEN1A, Nutt. 5. C. tenella: stem somewhat hairy; the vc ad slender, divaricate, sparingly ys termiriated by mostly solitary heads; leaves very narrowly linear, scabrous, setose-hirsute towards the base ; gr ame cauline crowded ; those of the blanches small, acerose-subulate ; bracts few ; scales of the in- voluere and the chaff of the receptacle ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acumi- nate, covered with small glands; the latter united; achenia of the ray gla- TO! e; 0 f „corolla ; the bateiiiediats o ones much aori lanceolate-oblong, nce ae ticulate.—Osmadenia tenella, Nutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser. 2 iego, California, Nuttall ! May. — Plant 6-12 inches high, erect the base; the filifo m Degnches emu spreading. Heads 3 lines long; is linear-acerose bra nd thé somewhat glutinous involucre and cbaff fur- ne wh small eae flat bails PEPA n Civie Chaff united near ly othe summit. Rays white, exserted; the middle division smalse the fertile achenia apiculate at each end.—The plani is said to exhale a pow and very agreeable aroma, whence the name imposed by the pave ate 139. LAGOPHYLLA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 390. Hedda few-flowered; the ray-flowers about 5, pistillate, ligulate, cunei- form, 3-lobed ; those of the disk 5-6, staminate and pistillate, but sterile by the abortion of the style and ovary. Scales of the involucre 5, similar to the leaves, ovate-lanceolate, the margins infolded and enclosing the ray-achenia. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate-hirsute in the centre, chaffy at the margin be- tween the ray and disk-flowers; the chaffy scales 5 or 6 ina single series, distinct. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers subulate-filiform, hirsute. Achenia smooth, destitute of pappo ue — red oblong eutn ae mpressed, straight, nearly flat anc he back, carinate- _ angled anteriorly, and hence somewhat Mipendárt "those of the disk entirely | abortiv: ve.—A perennial? exceedingly branched slender herb, with a smooth and glabrous stem and branches, which are very leafy at the extremity, and terminated by small sessile heads. Leaves alternate, almost imb bricated on the branchlets, deciduous, linear-oblong (those of the branches 3-4 lines ligi thickish, PEN obtuse, with involute margins, very villous, (as well as summit of the chaf) especially along the margins wih “ong tage hie hairk.- Ra ys short and broad, pale yellow. T Queste) LAGOPHYLLA. ' COMPOSITE. e 403 Plains near Wallawallah, "— Nuttall !—A remarkable plant, 2-3 Eu high. We ha n the cauline leaves, which are apparently ca- ucous; thoseof ve POM. e are ahed with long and very soft hairs, thick- ly spreading from the margin, so as almost to resemble the foot of a hare ence the name. 140. ANISOCARPUS. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 388. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 12, ligulate, pistillate, in a single series; those of the disk tubular, staminate and pistillate, but sterile by the abortion of the ovary. Scales of the subglobose involucre as many as the rays, carinate-complicate, and wholly enclosing their achenia. Re- ceptacle somewhat convex, naked and smooth, except the margin, which is furnished with a single series of more or less united chaffy scales between the ray and disk-flowers. Tube ofthe corolla pubescent. Rays exserted, cunei- form, 3-cleft at the apex. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers sub- ulate, very a minutely hispid. Achenia of the ray oblong, obcompress- ed, flat, somewhat incurved, glabrous, without lateral angles or nerves, crowned ih a small sessile disk, destitute of APPIO of the disk — tive, with a pappus of 5-8 small fimbriate A villous-hirsute perennial herb, with the aspect of Madia, or Madaria; the leaves linear, elongated, entire or denticulate, sessile, alternate, or the lower opposite. Heads paniculate-corymbose or racemose; the involucre, naked peduncles, and upper part of the stem very glandular. Flowers bright yellow. termediate between Madai (vih which it accordsin aspect, and from A gen which it it “chief y differs in the pappus of the disk-flowers), and Hartmannia, DC. (S of “erie meer from which it is distinguished by the flat compressed ac chenia, entirely enclosed in the involucral scales A. madioides (Nutt.! 1. c.) Banks of the Oregon, amon dede n shady moy = the outlet of the long and short hairs. Radica kiesy’ s linear-ob long, aiia serrulate, 3-4 inches in length; t the cauline gen reduced in size. Involucre 3-4 lines mdiameter: rays conspicuous, but rather short.— We have not seen the mature 141. MADARIA. DC. mem. soc. Genev. 7. p. 280; Endl. iconogr. t. 36. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-15, lige, pistillate, in a Single series; those of the disk tubular, staminate and pistillate, but sterile by abortion of theovary. Scales of the subglobose involucre as many as the Tays, complicate and enclosing their achenia. Receptacle somewhat convex, fimbrillate-hirsute, except the margin, which is furnished with 1 or 2 series of chaffy scales between the ray and disk-flowers. Corolla pubescent or hairy at the base; the rays twice the length of the involucre. Achenia of the ray as in Madia; those of the disk abortive; all destitute of pappus.—Annual (Californian) hairy and glandular herbs, with the aspect of Madia ; the heads d. > , = 404 - COMPOSITÆ. ` Masisi Los more showy and corymbose. Leaves lanceolate or linear. Flowers yellow; : the rays often spotted with purple at the base : anthers brown. è - M. elegans (DC. x stem xem sye hispid with sande and glandu- r. G liferous Ten pe. DC.! 7. pl.rar. Genev. p. 17, & prodr. 5. p. 692; Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey, p p. “385 Hook. bot. mag. t. 3548. Madia ir Don, i in bot. reg. t. M. viscosa, 8. Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 2 California! and Oregon ! Common in cultivation. A" linear-cuneate, — with purple at the base, acutely 3-cleft at the apex - M. corymbosa —— stem a — pe with glandless and e a Teati hairs intermixed ; leaves linear, S, som PAN t hispid, landless. (Varies with ‘the glands ony, or vers f ew. z DC.! 1 Hook, Arn. l. c; iconogr. M. racemosa, Nutt.! in icd Amer phil. soc. l. Es : i p.t? hispi da (DC.1 . €.): stem, isle: and involucre hispid with spreading bairs, all of them glandless. California and Oregon |—Rays sometimes with a brown spot at the base, 3-cleft at. the apex. 142. MADIA. Molina, Chil. ; Cav. ic. 3. . p.50, t. 298; DC. l.c. Madia & Madorella, Nutt. Heads usually many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5-12, ligulate, pistillate, in a single series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the subglobose involucre in a single series, as many as the rays, carinate-complicate and or . closing their achenia. Receptacle flat, naked, except the margin, which is. furnished with 1-2 series of chaffy scales, usually more or less united- Co- rolla with a pubescent tube; the rays slightly exserted. Branches of the win in the disk-flowers lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the margins minutely Achenia of the ray and disk similar, compressed, nearly straight, ros san glabrous (minutely and closely striate), destitute of pappu* usually more or less one-nerved or angled on each side.—Annual or biennial hairy and glandular herbs (natives of Chili, California, & Oregon) ; with ob- long or linear sessile or partly clasping entire or denticulate leaves; the low- est often opposite, the others alternate. Heads bracteate, sessile, or on short peduncles, somewhat racemose. Flowers pale yellow: anthers brown. 1. M. sativa (Molina) : panre and glandular throughout; leaves paris or oblong-lanceolate; heads many-flowered, mostly racemose and pedun - late; achenia Rd Landed on each side.—DC. not. 7. pl. " nev., & mem. soc. A ul 7. p. 977, & prodr. 5. p. 691 ; Hook. & A ae Beechey, suppl. p. 355 ; Nutt.! in "us “Aner. phi il. soc. = Pi hae TS M. viscosa, Cav. l. c ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p.24, in p . wre Jacq. hort. art 3. t. 302. Sclerocarpus gracilis, Smithy, in Rees, cycles z 5 €, = ex. Nut ! he summit of thestem and branches.—M- PES ! doubt btless pu mena Also a native of Chili, TI e s x Me MM for the oil yielded by w 4 * * É Mania. : * COMPOSITE. i 405 2. M. racemosa: hirmuta the hona "x bacs mostly acute leaves scarcely glandular; heads racemos ered; involucre glandular; ray- enia flat, not at all (or obscurely) a an on the sides.—Madorella race- mosa, /Vutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Oregon , near the Wahlamet, fattat! Fort Vancouver, Mr. Tolmie !—A more slender plant than the preceding, 12 to 20 inches high; the stem spar- ingly glandular at the summit; the leaves clothed with short somewhat a ap- pressed hairs, sometimes Daid desticulste ays 8-12, rather conspicu- ous; the disk-flowers several. he r Faswchibds are js and even on the sides; but those of the disk are more or less 1-nerved or an ngled: and the preceding specie s presents such diversities that we are not very sure that this is entirely distinct from it. The style accords with M. sati M. dissitiflora: stem, as well as the lanceolate-linear leaves, hirsute- pubescent; the peanchay glandular; heads scattered, few Joneri: scales of the involucre 5-8, very glandular; achenia P rede "M or = at cu 143. AMIDA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 390. Heads few-(2-6-) flowered; the flowers either all tubular and perfect (the corolla with a cylindrical pubescent tube, and a very short scarcely dilated 5-toothed limb), or one or two of them pistillate and radiate, witha very small cuneiform and 3-lobed ligule. Involucre oblong, subtended by 2-3 linear bracts; the scales as many as the flowers, carinate-cymbiform, nearly straight, each nearly enclosing an achenium, all more or less united with each other by their inner margins. Receptacle small, somewhat punctate. Branches of the style in the perfect flowers oblong, or slightly hairy. chenia linear-oblong, straight or slightly incurved, compressed-3-4-angled, glabrous (minutely striate), destitute of pappus, terminated by a sessile are- ola.—Annual slender hirsute and dete herbs ufa to s d of the interior of Oregon and of the Saskatchawan), with the of Madia ; the leaves linear, sessile, entire; the small heads d fne, paar (2-5 together) in the axils and on the somewhat corymbose branches. F Inwest aen yellow, scarcely exserted beyond the involucre. * These plants are, as it were, singularly reduced Madiæ ; in which, as the flowers form but a single verticil, the involuc es supply the place of the chaff of the receptacle. In ies the Pci E from th perfect), when the involu- ere 18 compresse d, to 3, 5, or rarely 6 when the involucre presents as many carina. lobes and Stron tering angles. This genus presents the only instance in which 4 plant of the E Seke M iden us been found east ast of the Rocky Mountains, or of the Andes Mr. Nuttall doubtle hat his A. hirsuta ia the Ma glomerata * Bo ; or he would Ee adopted that name for the species l. A. gracilis (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : scabrous-hirsute with appressed hairs; leaves narrowly linear, ciliate with a few pending bristles near the e base ky Mountain plains and prairies of the Oregon, Nuttall: Stem about a foot high, slender, rigid, m wu: simple; with the clusters of heads often and s; b 5 # 406 COMPOSITE. `“ nt 2. A. hirsuta (Nutt.! l. c.) : h stipitate glands; stem often corymbose at the summit.—Madia glomerata, Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 94. " Plains of the Saskatchawan, Drummond! Plains of the Rocky Moun- tains and of the Oregon, with the preceding species, Nuttall !—A stouter plant ha n A. gracilis, with broader and more carinate involucral scales. 144. HARPJECARPUS. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 389. Heads few-flowered; the ray-flowers 5-8, pistillate, in a single series, each enclosed in one of the carinate-complicate and lunate scales of the involucre ; the disk-flower solitary ! tubular and perfect. fertile, surrounded by a 5-angled and 5-toothed cup, consisting of the united chaff of the receptacle. Corolla glabrous ; of the disk-flower infundibuliform, 5-toothed ; of the rays scarcely exceeding the involucre, tubular below, cleft above anteriorly; the very short and broad ligule 2-3-toothed or lobed, about the length of the linear glabrous branches of the style. Branches of the style in the disk-flower short, lance- olate-oblong, with barbellate-hispid margins. Achenia glabrous, much com- pressed, destitute of pappus ; of the rays gibbous, obovate-lunate, the incurved .summit produced into a short ascending beak, when mature deciduous with the scales of the involucre that enclose them; that of the disk semi-obovate, straight, with a truncate terminal areola, included by the united chaff—A small slender hirsute annual (3-12 inches high), with somewhat the aspect of a Myosotis; the erect simple stem clothed with mostly alternate narrowly linear and entire leaves, corymbose-paniculate at the summit, bearing sev- eral small heads on simple and naked peduneles, which are elongated in fruit. Flowers pale yellow, very small. 1 H. madarioides (Nutt.! 1. c.)—Sclerocarpus exiguus, Smith, in Rees, cycl. A irsute with long spreading hairs and short * (ex char. & descr. Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 359, under Madaria ` ymbosa. j : ym (* North West Coast,’ doubtless collected by the venerable Menzies, if we ight as to the synonymy): common on rocky plains in depressions at the outlet of the Wahlamet, Nuttall! May.—Leaves about an inch long, - bearing a depressed-gl head scarcely 2 lines in diameter. nvolucre covered with stipitate glands and short hispid hairs intermixed. Plant some what aromatic LJ Subtribe 6. ANTHEMIDE®, Cass. DC.—Heads mostly heterogamous (never dicecious) ; the ray in one or more series, pistillate or rarel neutral, either ligulate or tubular; the disk-flowers perfect or some . staminate and infertile. Receptacle naked or chaffy. Antbers not caudate- - Branches of the style truncate and mostly bearded at the apex, very rarely produced into a short cone. Pappus small and coroniform, or usually none.—Leaves mostly alternate. * y times * =- Manura. COMPOSITE. . 407 ‘ CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. Div. 1. sca Chamaeleon —Receptacle chaffy. Rays ligulate, in a single series (or rarely wanting): the disk-flowers perfect. HD ae E Rays neutral. Achenia obovoid, ribbed. NTHEMIS. Rays pistillate. Achenia terete or quadrangular. e eria Rays pistillate. Achenia obcompressed, margined. Div. 2. CunvsawTHEMEJe.—Receptacle naked. Rays ligulate in a single series (rarely none): the disk-flowers perfect. HD 148. Monotoria. Scales of the cup-shaped involucre y united below. Re- ceptacle convex. Achenia of the ray piombo bcompressed ; of the disk compressed. Leaves dese ia and alte : 149. CoiNocvNE. Scales of the involucre few, meines roog Receptacle conical. Ea soulad, oblong. Leaves opposit 150. Megan: Scales of the campanulate 22. fa ESA in series; the 5 ninii foliaceous. Boot e flat. Achenia pter noc dns gular, Leaves 151. EcLETEs. Scales of the hemispherical TURG imbricated. eet convex. Achenia angled or ribbed, with a thick coroniform pappu 152. LevcaNTHEMUM. Scales of the depressed involucre imbricated. Ree cited orconvex. Achenia somewhat terete, striate, destitute of pappus, or those of the Ah with an auriculeform pappus : 153. Marricarta. Scales of the involucre imbricated. Receptacle ma Achenia Pani iii ess: pappus none, obscure, or coroniform Div. 3, Mega EJ & AnRrTEMISIEZE.—hReceptacle naked. Heads discoid, homo- or he tht lepers the flowers all tubular; those of - disk sk perfect, but Rs infertile 1? 154. Aromia. rone heterogamous. Achenia apos imas tapering to the base. Pappus of chaffy scales Dimi as long as the c 155. Tanacetum. Heads h omong or heterogamous. dd ia angled or ribbed, with a a epigynous disk. Pappus none, or minute. anb 156. rem. Heads heterogamous or homogamous. Achenia obovoid, with mall epigynous disk. Pages none. Syg Dis. 4. HiprrrEE hartge er nd. Heads monecious: the i dis flowers in the m mae: ihe scuutaate id the centre. [47.5 157. S in several series, k eem or nearly so; the stami- ape qM obcompressed, with winged or r callous margins, th the persistent style. Div.1. Evantuemive®, DC. DC.—Receptacle chaffy. Heads mostly radiate ; the rays ligulate, in a aiiis series ; the area tics perfect. 145. MARUTA. Cass., Less. ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 13. . Heads many-flowered ; the rays neutral (rarely nearly wanting), continu- ‘us with the sterile ovary. Scales of the apagan involucre imbricat ape higi * 408 . COMPOSITÆ. Marvra. in few series, shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, chaffy throughout or only at the summit. Achenia obovoid or obpyramidal, ribbed, glabrous destitute of pappus.—Annual (European) fetid herbs; with tripinnately divided leaves, and solitary heads terminating the branches. Rays white, often deflexed ; the disk yellow. à; = M. Cotula (DC.! 1. c.) : scales of the involucre with whitish cuin argins; receptacle conical, chaffy at the memi the chaff subul nthends Cotula, Linn. spec. 2. p. 894 ; Engl. bot. t. 1772; Nutt. en 2. 71; Bart. peg. mat. med. t. 14; Hook. Jt. Bor. EE 2. p. 318; Dar- rey ird d small, or occasionally no adsides, hug 4, throughout tne United r dad where i is complete naturalized. 8. St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Engelmann! June-Nov —Plant — or nearly g wis ous, with a piss ng unpleasant smell, cus acrid proper- Achenia more or less tuberculate in lines.—JMay-weed. 146. ANTHEMIS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; DC. fl. Fr. & prodr. 6. p-4 Heads many-flowered ; the rays pistillate. Scales of the involucre im- bricated in few series. Receptacle convex or conical, with membranaceous ‘chaff among the flowers. Achenia terete or very obtusely anie striate or smooth, destitute of pappus, or with a minute crown.—Europea Oriental odorous herbs, with 1-2-pinnately parted leaves; the branches ter- minated by single bractless heads. Rays usually white; the disk yellow. . A. arvensis (Linn.): diffuse or erect, pubescent ; leaves pinnately SR by the: ines linear-lanceolate, bL aed and with the teeth acute; the branches leafless at the , bearing atitary heads; scales -= the involucre with white scarious odin. obtuse ;"chaff of the conical Ee ac nceolate, acuminate ; pagers crowned with a very short som SOM Doha TÉ DC. l. c.—Exngl. bot. t. 602; Fl. Dan. 111795 Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 488. Sparingly AR e in the Northern States. June-Aug.— (D T Chammomile of Europe resembles Maruta Cotula, but isnot feud, wil larger heads, fertile rays, &c. A. nobilis, the officinal Chammomile, is said by Nuttall to be naturalized near Lew- iston, Delaware 147. ACHILLEA. Linn.; Schkuhr, Mosi. t 1.955; Less. syn. p. 290- Heads many-flowered ; the ray’ few, or 10-20, pistillate, short. Scales of the involucre imbricated. Receptacle flat, or sometimes p A chaffy. Per oblong, obcompressed, margined, destitute of pappus-— dcm ; ; with alternate mostly U or pinnately divided leaves, at =. 409 - A. Ptarmica (Linn.): leaves glabrous, pannis sharply and bns serrate ‘with appressed — he A loosely corymbose ; rays 8-12, much longer than the di "e Fu spec. 2. p. 898; Fl. Dan.t. 643; Peak bot. t. 757; Poki fle “Piarmica vainen DC. Canada to New York, eee to Pur it has not since been met with. Introduced in Danvers, Massachusetts 1 "Dr. Nicholls! (Mr. Oakes.) ~ Au vim -Sept.—Disk and ray white.—Sneeze-wo . multiflora (Hook.) : clothed Ta villous hairs when young; leaves geo. Beds hicsolaio, closely and sharply pinnatifid-serrate ; the teeth or segments lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, pests t appressed ; eros k. ! fl. Bor.-.Am Woody country of Subarctic America, as far north as Fort Franklin, Richardson! Drummond!—Leaves evenly and deeply pectinate-incised. dne roundish, scarcely Med ae. the disk; in which respect it differs other species of this section 3. A. borealis (Bongard) : at striate, villous with soft hairs; leaves ses- sile, cesi di divided ; the segments bipinnatifid ; the lobes linear, acute, pube ; heads c corymbose ; i ze peduncles vi illous-pubescent, branched ; sh d es of the involucre rather obtuse, the inner oblong ; rays o obovate, eee rve Fs DC.—Bo gar ard, veg. Ls p in cim: aad. St. Petersb. p. 149. armica Meme DC. pr 6. p. 21. Biche, ondes d ard.—The heidi are compared with those of A. atrata. Flowers vé § 2. Involucre ovoid-oblong ; rays few and short ; receptacle small: achenia slightly margined.—MaryErorivm, Tourn. (Achillea, DC) 4. A. Millefolium (Linn.): cauli ine leaves nearly sessile, bipinnately parted ; the lobes linear, 3-5-cleft, ma ate; the rachis entire. or slightly toothed near the apex of the leaf; corymb compound, fastigiate ; rays 4-5, obovate, ed or "riga rose-color es rosea dipped spec. P? 8 e Fi. ce ; Engl. bot. t. 758; gig ue Bor.- Am. 1. p. 318; Dar inet an "seda 489 | DC. rodr. 24: A. gracile & A. ‘occidentale, and the divialotis and lobes short and very muc wded; id ich is is ri Mi lle- folium y. lanata, Koch: A. tomentosa, Pursh: i A. 2. 319 ne ee of egon, Lewis !): A. lanulosa, Nutt. ! in jour. aca nde hilad. 7. p. 20: & L7 my p hroughout North America, from the Arctic ad along the Rocky Mountains ! to Mexico, and from Newfoundland to Ore » itcha, mr ' California. Also, doubtless introduced from Europe into pastures, &c. Oct.—The flowers of A. tom entosa, Pursh, although lois i in the died . Specimen, were pter white in the living plant.—Bitter, astringen ‘omatic.— Yarr A. asplenii Vent. hort. Cels.) with rose-colored rays, is of unknown origin $o It is said to ss fn A adu from the yy from m by Bosc; but, accord- Fr ing to pe Candolle, it had been cultivated in the gardens of Europe long before the : o osc. i Div. È CunvysaANTHEME E, DC.—Receptacle naked. Heads radiate ; f i ad Tays ligulate, pistillate, rarely neutral, in a single series (rarely wanting) ; X disk flowers perfect. " J VOL. 11.—52 * a al s = COMPOSITE: ^4 ^ MONON .. 148. MONOLOPIA. DC. prodr. 6. p.74 ; Hook. ic. pl. t. 343 & 344. Heads many-flowered ; the rays 8-10, pistillate ; the disk-flowers perfect, -but apparently sterile. Scales of the cup-shaped involucre 8-10, united below. Receptacle convex or somewhat conical, naked. Disk-corolla with a slender terete tube, and a dilated limb; tbe short teeth bearded. Achenia gla ae destitute of Stadt those of the ray obovoid, slightly obcom- pressed; of the disk compressed, infertile ?—Annual (Californian) woolly herbs ; with RAR sessile leaves (either opposite or alternate), and solitary heads terminating the branches. Disk and rays yellow. major (DC. c.): lower leaves somewhat toothed, the upper 1. M. m entire; scales of the dida strictly in a single series, united almost to the summit; rays much longer than the disk; the tube furnished wit toothed appendage opposite t arl espe arly conical.— Hook. ! T ic. pl. t. 344 p . t. 344, & bot. Beechey, suppl: 9, & bot. mag. t. 3839. Ho — Fisch., Mey. & Lall. in .B. oh E vni (1841) p. Californ decia A foot high. Heads . M. minor ( - €.) : leaves sparingly E the lobes linear ; scales of ge involucre ta in 2 igi a only at the m rays short nd c Mem — Hook. ! ic. pl. 3, & bot. Beechey, l. s = n a, Douglas '— Plant 4 or 5 inches high. Tube of the disk-corolla 149. COINOGYNE. Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 591, t. 6; DC. prodr: 6. p. 42. Heads many-flowered ; the rays several, small, pistillate ; the disk-flowers tubular, glabrous, 5-toothed. Soc of the involucre few, imbricated, un- equal, somewhat fleshy, PES use; the outermost short and rounded. Receptacle conical, naked oe of the style in the disk-flowers tipped with a short cone, nearly as in Tagetes. Achenia of the ray and disk similar, oblong, glabrous, many-ribbed, destitute of pappus.—A low perennial herb ; with ascending stems, terminated by solitary rather large heads, and fleshy ligulate and entire opposite leaves; their tapering bases connate in à short sheath. Flowers yellow? C. carnosa (Less. ! 1. c.).—Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 150 California, Chamisso! Capt. Beechey.—Stems about 4 dis in length. Leaves half an inch to an inch long, 1-2 lines wide. 150. VENEGASIA. DC. prodr. 6. p. 43. Heads many-flowered ; the rays numerous (1 i pud Scales of the campanulate involucre imbricated in several series; the 5 exterior cordate, acutish, foliaceous; the intermediate 10 Sea aeia very obtuse, som? what colored; the innermost (about 15) small and chaffy, lanceolate oF ob- - Receptacle flat, naked. Tube of the corolla glandular, larger me — Branches of the style terminated us an obscure cone. Achenia s a. D TER DUET Tee * * Li A ud ‘ w . " : ; `} j $ } ; g VENEGASIA. wre COMPOSITE: s 411 oblong, obscurely quadrangular (muricate, DC.), destitute of pappus.—A somewhat shrubby and nearly glabrous branching plant; with alternate del- toid-cordate toothed leaves, on slender petioles, and large nodding mes on short peduncles. Ray and disk yellow. V. carpesioides (DC. ! Lc. )—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 395. grap Douglas! Nuttall! (In rocky situations around St. Barbara, near the sea.)—Leaves like those of Campanula rhomboidalis. Head, with the conspicuous rays, 2 inches in PEDA 151. EGLETES. Cass. dict. ; Less. syn. p.252; Nutt. l.c. Egletes & Leucopsidium, DC. Heads many-flowered ; the rays numerous, pistillate. Scales of the hemi- ., Spherical involucre ovate-lanceolate, with scarious margins, imbricated in ” few series. dip convex, naked. Branches of the style in the disk- flowers terminated by a t cone. Achenia glabrous, or somewhat hairy When young, somewhat andi or ribbed, scarcely compressed, with a short and thickened coroniform pappus, which is more or less toothed or cleft.— Diffuse or erect canescent or hairy branching (West Indian, Mexican, and Arkansan) herbs; with alternate often toothed or pinnatifid leaves. Heads terminating the branches. Rays white; | the disk yellow. l. E. Arkansana (Nutt.): annual, fa erect; cauline leaves,,ses- sile, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, entire, or sparingly and "slightly toothed; the radical tapering to the base, sinuate-toothed ; rays much Logd than the in- Volucre; corolla of the disk becoming thi ckened and c at the base; achenia suleate-striate ; pappus laciniate-cleft.— Nutt. ! in ewan Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 394. Leucopsidium ee ae DC.! prodr. 6. p. 43. Kecrlia skirrobasis esed ! ic. pl. t. 240, not of DC. rkan and Texas! Aug.—Head cesi than in Leuc engem: vulgare : the rays TA peany an inch long. Pappus thickened and alm cotneous att Ln: usually deeply cleft "i quee segments than i Ses re- presented in Hoo r's figure above-cited : that of E. (Leucopsidium, Benth.) rdi is iaai and evenly toothed or set more like that of E. ms in- gensis . 152. LEUCANTHEMUM. Towra: ; DC. od. 6. p. 45. Heads s many-flowered ; the rays pistllate numerous. Scales of the broad imbricated involucre with scarious margins. ceptacle flat or convex, naked. Corolla of the disk with a fleshy obcompressed and slightly 2-winged tube. Achenia of the disk and ray similar, somewhat terete, striate, desti- tute of pappus, or those of the ray sometimes furnished with an auriculeform Pappus.—Perennial herbs, with alternate mostly toothed or pinaatifid leaves, and large solitary heads terminating the stem or branches. Rays white or Occasionally reddish; the disk yellow. j Achenia of the ray as well as the disk destitute of pappus : flowers all —PnuaracnoeLossux, DC. (Chrysanthemum, Less.) ; ; Lal d^ 412° M COMPOSITE. . LEUCANTHEMUM. 1. a sp (DC. be): dwarf, hairy; leaves sper Judit entire, chiefly crowded at the base of the s simple scape-like stem ; scales the i invo dione d Rican dee zy broad and brown lacerate eae mar- . gins.—Chrysanthemum integrifo y. Curse f Tee LU JN ed. 2. Backer ae Hook: 1 k Ei Mn ; 398, & fl. Bor.-Am hores * 9. L. arcticum (DC.! e nearly glabrous; stem low, simple, n nak near the summit ; lower — cuneiform, tapering into a petiole, incised or coarsely toothed at the apex ; the uppermost small, mostly linear and entire; scales Ve a inediotee aval, im blackish scarious margins. rysa nthe- A à, Linn. spec. 2. p. 889 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 526 ; Hook. ! fi. Bor m. 1 P . retic America! extending south to York Factory, Hudson's Bay! and... to Fort "Vimetuvor! busca confined to the coast.—Stem 5-10 inches high. Head as large as in L. vulgare. _ + 3. L. vulgare (Lam.): stem erect, somewhat branched ; Jeaves laciniate- ^ + incised or pimvatidtoothed the cauline partly cerig; ther adical obovate- spatulate, petioled; scales of the involucre with narrow rusty-brown neo PT —DC.! prodr. 6. p. 46. ernie ete qur ad Leu venio nn. l.c. ; Fl. Dan. t. 994; Engl. bot. t. 601; Pursh, l.c.; Darlingt.! ft Cat. a " "B. involaprid scales bordered with white scarious marg Naturalized in fields and meadows throughout the United States; also in é Canada and Oregon : öp very tr uiii i weed. 8. Alexandria, Louisiana, san. Dr. Ha " Dais June-July. AE erre variable. Achenia ribbed.— White Daisy: stat be b. Oz-eye 153. MATRICARIA. Linn.; Tourn.; DC. prodr. 6. £ 50. ‘Heads many-flowered ; the rays pistillate, rarely very small or wanting. Scales of the involucre nearly equal, imbricated in few series. Receptacle . ample, ovate-conical! naked. Corolla of the disk 4-5-toothed ; the tube more or less obcompressed, or nearly terete. Achenia angled, wingless, those — > . ef the disk and ray simila: ar. Pappus none, or obscure, or occasionally coroni- form.—Smooth and branching annuals; the pinnately parted leaves with linear or setaceous segments. Heads solitary or somewhat po Rays white; the disk yellow. : d $ 1. Heads radiate: achenia with a coroniform pappus : corolla of the disk H 5-toothed.—CnAwonirLA, DC. M divided the oua veh r, acute, flattish, 9-3 parted; he ads si on the. branches ; scales of the involuere oblong, with whitish [or prie scarious margins; achenia 3-4-angled ; pappus coroniform, entire. D od Linn. Lim. Suec. x 2; E D. P E des 6. 4. "E 1). 1.259. "Pyreh in 1. p. 320, B.? nana: ope. se le, with a solitary head.—Pyrethrum inodorum me manum, Hook.! 1. bun — gite — UNTEN in Parry's 2nd voy. P * £x Ww. T ý m SE dae EE * *» i A + MaTRiCARAA. _ COMPOSITA. 413 “ Lake Huron, Dr. Todd.” York Factory, Drum ae ; and as far north ! p. Shores and islands of the euh sea, son! Chamisso.” Hook.—We are not well satisfied thatthe Ameri- can plant is the same as the European M. inodora, or that it is an annual. $2. Heads discoid, rayless: pappus none, or an obscure entire margin: corolla of the disk 4-toothed, obcompressed, and more of less 2-winged. eee DC. (Lepidotheca, Nutt.) leaves 2-3- -pinnately parted ; ; ‘the lobes short, linear, acute ; heads (small) oa on a pedun pets scales of n ME val, with broad white scarious mar- _ gins; = ng ; pappus abeolste coroniform margin ; receptacle mea Hy con M. tanac Lagat Fisch. & Meyer, 7th ind. sem. St. Pete ling suaveolens, Pursh! rts . p. 520; JC. prodr. 6. p. 37. Fata matri rioides, n Linnea, 6. p. 210. Il matricarioides, nn 2o 1965. T. 1 ie elena, Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p.327, 6 110. T. p c+ cifferum, DC. prodr. 6. p. 131; not of Richa "d Cotula uatfichdoldes, Bong ard, veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. Petersb. l. c. i - Lepidotheca suaveolens, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. Western merica "from California! to Unalaschka! chat and the ad- mse n of sia. d so in barren places around St. Louis, Mi *- ! perhaps introduced, as Nuttall states 2 was porte ina garden. gelm at Philadelphia in peed brought by | cs apt. Lew aye ly.—An in " meray uada e plan nt; 5 with n arly the r ceptac e, involucre, and achen M. suaveolens.” The Beeni of this ers. and of M. Ch E although. riesen f Sree smooth under an ordinary len when istened emit from their whole surface innumerable filaments of r be sni forming a kind of tino mass, ee in Blennosperma, PA M. Chamomilla ( Linn.), which abounds in waste grounds in Europe, and possess to some extent the bitter and aromatic anb xe Ced of ka officinal Sg ape is Sometimes substituted for it, under the nami mile, has bee "in Texas s (“ Bottom land on the ved by Dr. Lindheimer doubtless poem and perhaps very locally naturalized Ld ‘ aere Parthenium Seok pea has escaped from gardens, and is hadi: ning to be naturalized in so P. serotinum, Linn., which | ah peers cultivation nr a long period, is doubtless not ^ed North American origin. > reium? nanum (Hook.): stem somewhat ae clo ed with loose a deciduous wool; leaves pinnatifid ; “the segments linear and entire; heads te - Solitary; achen nia — minute ely papillos e (receptacle — convex; ; rays & m entire, apparently white; involucre elliptical.) “Hook, ff. "Bor- -3 Tel "West Coa st of America, Menzies. —A plant of doubtful genus, 3-5 inches ' high; the head about the size of a Dai aisy. Hook. Div. 3. Corutrex & AnTEMISIEX, DC.—Receptacle naked _ (not chaffy.) Heads discoid, homogamous or heterogamous; the flowers all tubular; those of the disk perfect, but sometimes infertile. 154. AROMIA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 395. * Heads discoid, heterogamous ; the flowers all tubular ; the 4 or 5 marginal Pistillate, with the corolla obliquely truncate and 2-3-toothed ; ; Ld à + 414 bec 3 due COMPOSIT/E. F AnoxA, * (10-12) gue, with the corolla 5-toothed, nearly destitute of proper tube. Scales of the involucre 5 or 6, equal, concave-carinate, ate nearly in.a single. series, membranaceous. Receptacle convex, naked. nches of the » style truncate. Achenia of the ray and disk similar, ite tapering to the base, hairy on the angles. Pappus of about 12 oblong obtuse nerve- less chaffy scales, distinct or slightly united at the base, much shorter than the achenia, but almost equalling the very short corolla.—An aromatic an- nual or biennial branching herb, nearly glabrous ; the branchlets glutinous. Leaves linear; the upper alternate, entire; the lower (often opposite) trifid or somewhat pinnatifid ; the lobes filiform-linear. Heads cory mbose, small. Flowers yellow. + A. tenuifolia (Nutt. ! 1. c.) St. Diego, California, near the coast, Nuttall! May.— —Lower leaves 2-3 inches long. Heads turbinate, 2-3 lines in iamen] the corolla of the e " late flowers not longer than de perfect, both v ort. Achenia and pappus much as in Bahia and Chenactis.— — Rough Speer by Nuttall in. Anthe- gue Div. Poule. this plant should rather find a place in the Subtribe l 155. TANACETUM. Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 165; DC. prodr. 6. p. 197. p Heads discoid, homogamous, with the “flowers all tubular and perfect, of © heterogamous ; the marginal flowers pistillate, in a single series, 3-4-tooth Scales of the involucre imbricated, dry. Receptacle convex, n naked. ree ` nia angled or ribbed, glabrous, with a large epigynous disk. Pappus either _ mone or minute, membranaceous, coroniform, entire or toothed, often unequal. . Herbs or suffruticose plants ; with alternate variously dissected leaves, and ` solitary | on corymbose. (rather large) heads. Flowers yellow. m Ed Hovis (campanulate-hemispherical) heterogamous ; the terete ray-flow- ` ers 3-toothed ; the disk-flowers 5-toothed—Eutranacetum, DC. . T. vulgare (Linn.) : stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous; leaves nearly PNE ‘Spnindiely p arted; the rachis and lobes incisely serrate ; ep - of numerous heads; inner scales of the involuere ped: at the a 0 tuse; pappus short, equal, 5-lobed. DC.—Lam 6, f. 13 Engl. T t1229; Pu rsh, fl.2. p.522 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor. yi " p 337; Darling! fe * 8. T NS Tispum m (DC. ): leaves more incised did crisped. Naturalized Sudenus in the Northern States ! and Canada! July- Sept. 2t — Tan . § 2. Heads (hemispherical, the disk convex in fruit,) heterogamous i the ray- flowers obcompressed, 3-5-lobed or toothed, slightly winged at the base i. ye : disk- -flowers 5-toothed.—Homarores. (Omalanthus, Less.—Omalotes D C.—Homalotes, Endl.) ` 2. TT. Huronense (Nutt.) : hairy or almost tomentose when young; St - sto herbaceous, Ascas ie D -N ifid-incised, or often w^ A mucronate 1 sheen ca corymbose, or rarely nearly solitary, on stout peduncles * ; leaves bipinnately divided ; are lobes a i 3 perar COMPOSTTM.) 3": : 415 3-toothed or 3-lobed, frequently S with the limb 3-5-parted; nepos gers echo Nuit: gen. 2. p 2 p Koa Amer. phil. soc. l. T.? camphoratum, Less. Lis T. Do Sudaki : i DC! 1 ics 6. p. 128. T. boreale, ^ the Tnalish a Nutt. in trans. oni phil. soc. l. s Omalanthus campho ratus, PM syn. ad Hook. ! fl. Bor.- . p. 321. Omalotes camphorat . pro 83. Shores of Se Huron dm Superior! north to York Factory 2 Pag ^ ! and west to Ore and California!—2f A s 3 fee high the esie much eue r than those of T. obser rs disk pim convex in fruit. Rays slightly exserted. $3. Heads (obovoid) heterogamous ; the ray-flowers (about 5) truncate, 2-3- toothed ; the disk-flowers 5-toothed; the central apparently infertile.— SPHEROMERIA, Nutt. 3. T. capitatum : czspitose, ip ni Hye Gaara aes clustered on a branched caudex, cuneifor 3-5-parted or pedate ; those what naked scapes nearly linear, entire or toothed at the apex ; ; bids nume- Tous, capitate ; scales of the involucre scarious; pappus minute and ir: irregu- | lar, denticulate, pana cibis in ihe = png ror —Spheromeria capitata, Ni in eh Amer. phil. soc 7. p. 4 Faiais ona qu hil near r the Red Boiss of the Platte, towards en x its porthern. sources on the et Water, Nuttall! June.—Plant growing in dense tufis : Ew scapes 3o or (à inches high. kel cs by the spherical quer of heads. Corolla, especially o of the exterior flowers, becoming en- aud indurated at the base.—Odor quaere like that of Chammomile. . Nuttallii : somewhat Apogee sil very-tano scent; leaves cunei- form, obtusely 3-lobed or toothed a the is the lower a on the branches of the woody caudex e upper cattered on the flowering stems ; e ew in in a terminal capitate Hatter’ ; scales of the cavohaere scari- Pappus very minute, in the disk- Sows obsolete.—Sphæromeria Mareea Nutt.! 1. Rocky Mou untains, near the sources of the Platte and Colorado of the West, Nuttall! a y. —Shrub 4-5 inches high. Leaves half an inch long. E cem bright yell t Doubtful Species. 5. uciflorum (Richards.) : stem simple, with a posl terminal head, and NN another Sop the uppermost axil, longer the bipinnate and tripinnatifid villous sessile leaves; the lobes ee r rather obtuse ; flowers all perfect. pie a appr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 30; Hook. fi. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 321 of DC. Woody country, Muta lat. 54° and 64°, Richardson.—A foot high. - 156. ARTEMISIA. Linn.; Besser; DC. prodr. 6. p. 93. Heads discoid, few-many-flowered, heterogamous, with the central flowers Perfect (either fertile, or sterile by the abortion of the ovary,) and 5-toothed, and the marginal pistillate in a single series, with a tubular 3-toothed corolla; Or sometimes homogamous, with the flowers all perfect. Scales of the in- volucre imbricated, mostly dry and with scarious margins. Receptacle \ X \ 416 COMPOSITE. . ARTEMISIA. flatish or convex, naked or villous. Achenia obovoid, with a small epigy- nous disk, destitute of pappus.— Herbs or shrubby (bitter and mostly aroma- tic) plants; with alternate, usually pinnately cleft or dissected leaves, and small spicate or racemose heads; the spikes usually paniculate. Corolla yellow or purplish. $ 1. Receptacle naked : heads heterogamous ; the disk-flowers sterile.— Dracuncuuus, Bess. (Oligosporus, Less.) near lobes; t a s; hea spicate-paniculate, crowded, hemispherical, many-flowered ; scales of the involucre “sata rather obtuse, e, silky-villous, with broad scarious margins; sterile flow airy at the summit; the fertile glabrous.—DC. prodr. 6. = 997 d E Linnea, 15. p. - 102. Oligosporus pycnocephalus, Less. in innea by De Candolle as a Siberian 2. A. amtuider (Pur hos [Seit a mostly —_—— erect, branch- ed, more or less canescently pubescent when young; cauline leaves nar- rowly linear, Suire: or the lower, as parh the radical, often 3-cleft; heads small, globose, ing, in paniculate racemes ; scales of the involucre with scarious margins; the inner roundish, the outermost oblong. Push ! fl. 2 nue $e ulus, Pursh, A E. Bo erona; HANE aw a. tenuifolia: canescent DE gla abrous ; leaves een narrowly linear, attenuate at both ends.—A. dracunculoides, Pursh ! |. c. (fide spec. cult.) p. brevifolia : cdita rag eed or at length gl He rous (either herbaceous or suffruticose) ; lea short, narrowly Ss diu s ute; the lower Bess. in Hook. 1. £u $i in E incana: deeem ose, silky-canescent throughout when young, but t be- ing glabro idi age; cauline em short, linear, obtusish, frequently 3-cleft (inflorescence and eii: unkno Misso comm fr ar Si Louis to the Rocky Mountains! an nd north to vus Saskatchawan r (a. & B-) y n f Jacques River, ; Mr. Nicollet!—A somewhat polymorphous species, nearly lied in alis (Pall las): perennial, gestern Ppt silky-villous or 3. A. bore ( ` nearly glabrous; stem simple ; leaves all but uppermost petioled ; de radical linear-laneeolate, entire at the base, 3-5-cleft at the apex, tor lp e , with linear lobes ; the floral elongated, undivided at the base [oter entire] ; heads spicate or racemose, paniculate, hanpa scales of involucre e noie colored on the back. Bes ook. & DC. PME itin. 3, t. Hh. f. - in. Timea, 6 6. PLA. ; Richards: ! appz. F I journ. ed ed. 2. p. 30; Bess.! in Hook. fl. . p. 326; DC.! 6. p. 98. » 6. p. St. Frai cisco, Califo ornia, MA fide Besser, l. c. Inadvertently given P : i . ARTEMISIA. - COMPOSITE. 417 esseri: cinereous-silky; leaves all linear-lanceolate ; heads villous externally, the lower agus Bess.—A. borealis, a. Ens Bess. in DC. l.c., excl. syn. Pur E skiolaii (Bess. k c.) : canescent and somewhat Yu leaves on oh petioles; heads racemose ; a a little hairy at the summit.—A. renlandica, Worm sk. fl. Dan. t. 158 spitham«ea : either villous or pies when yani: = Lag glabrous ; = and floral leaves either 3- rd or anl and e ; heads spicate- racemose.—A. borealis 6. Adamsi perver 3-5-cleft; polundles hairy ye. Schangini 1l leaves entire and linear), Bess. in DC. l.c maa, Pursh! fl. 2 2 ka 2. (At length glabrous chroma MEN yen floral "icem linear, en et) retic America po Greenland ! (var. Y) and Labrador! (d.) to the North West Coast! the Rock ky Mountains! and Oregon! Also Keweena e Lake Superior, Dr. Houghton /—A. span high. A. Canadensis (Michx.): perennial (or biennial ?), glabrous or canes- an: radical a nd lower cau Ht leaves 2-pinnately divided, petioled ; the upper 3-7 adel. sessile; the segments linear or linear-lanceolate ; heads Soa large) hemispherical, or subglobose, in panicu of invo ks ovate or oval? with scarious ma eae / 4. 2, ES 129; Nuit) a p. 144. A. campestris, Pursh, l 2. p. 591 (ex Nutt.) ; Richar Ss gute Frankl. journ. "E (20. A. delictorum, j-^, Bess.! in Hook. l.c. A commutata, Bess. n DC. t c. (at ae to the a plant.) A. peveedaniflia, ^ * Juss. (We Bess. Drac "ne! Pacifica, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. eae Shores of the "Gas t yore. from the St. Lawrence River to Lake Supe- rior ! and, west o Missouri ! er e! and Oregon! extending north to Hudso son's Bay! and to the cing? Circle.—Plant 1-2 or 3 feet high, erect or : t cauline leaves Amaii the lower and radical uon Pabesen 2- n -pin nately divided; the segments linear-setaceous, divaricate ; racemes di spiel in a strict elongated panicle; heads (s men. erect, aiaa exterior scales of the involucre ovate ; the inn doc scarious.— Miche. ! fl. 2. p. 1295 Nutt.! gen. 2. ta vv ; Ell. sk. 2 2. p. 318; DC. l.c. Barren wi soil, Illinois ' and Missouri, and from the coast of New Hampshire! par op ey teca rsey ! to Georgia! Aug.-Sept. xar d feet high, stri 6 : herbaceous; leaves on the sterile stems crowded, “ane. Vipa di rel villous (the pubescence deciduous?) ; the segments linear- filif A re or often 2-3-parted ; heads small, few-flowered, in a large open rean involucre glabrous.—A. Santonica, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 521. A. variabilis y? Americana, Bess. in DC. prodr. 6. p. 94, & in Tiens, 15, 94 & vw issouri, Lewis. (also herb. Michauz.) sfr between Fort Gibson aud Fort Smith. Arkansas, Dr. Engelmann ! n of Dr. Engel- mann consists of a young leafy E gne a cle of P ihe y ees year. The leaves of the former are mes unlike those of A. pecu but villous ; those of e latter are small, pinnately 3-5-divided, glabrous ; the segments setaceous. Tavolucre apparently glabrous; the inner scales ovate, with scarious margins. 7. cda A oi escent; stems very numerous from a thick ecu vim PE the summit; leaves much crowded or fascicled, VOL. 11.—53 ` à i 4 418 COMPOSITÆ. : ARTEMISIA. filiform; the lower mostly 3-parted ; pa very small, crowded in virgate 3-4-flowered ; leafy panicles, tomentose, wo of the flowers pistillate and fer- tile; the others staminate cot sarila; receptacle slightly Pug ee qo — T or. ! dn ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 2 A. Plattensis, Nutt. ans A mer. - soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 397. Plains of the Platte, very abundant, Dr. James! Nuttall! Lieut. Fre- mont! July-Aug.—Plant 1-3 feet hi " the branches slender and virgate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, terete eth very slender, white when young, becoming somewhat glabrous when o § 2. Receptacle naked: gr homogamous ; the odii all perfect and fer- tile-—SERIPHIDIUM, Bes 8. A. cana (Pursh): shrubby, much gore Te sustine through- out; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, flat, entire (the lowermost cuneiform and sometimes ac utely 3-lobed), equally doded with the kak sillcyt tomen- th sides; heads obovoid-hemispherical, ad sessile, mostl Smicais or spicate-panieulate 4-6- flowere d; cales of the iT canescent ; the inner scarious.— Purs 2,30; B Bess.! in Hoo . prodr. 6. & - 105. A. Colum intita "Nul en. 9. p. 142, & in p^ Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 398, excluding the habitat in part. Plains of the Upper Missouri and Platte to the Rocky Mountains, Levis! suem Mr. ‘Nicollet! Lieut. Fremont! and plains of the Saskatchawan, he leav e very seldo any degree lobed, although there are some ure eph. in Pursh's C EM collected by Lewis. We WR it "Mak U t been found ee: of the k untains; and Mr. Nuttall was atere n in supposiag it to be the * Wild Sage” of Lew is and Clarke's Trav vels, which so d in n the But ies i name is the A. inmegriiia, Pursh (A. Lu iet Nutt.), an and imi Shrub a — ^ foot hgh much branched. ge aves an eds nog in io lengths 3-4 at the tapering to the pers both sides equally silvery- tomentose ; ae teeth or riches either ve hess r 2—4 lines long, seldom again smaller t a in A. cana 10. A. arbuscula (Nutt.! 1. m iit à hrubby, t videri leaves short, cuneiform, 3-cleft; the lobes deor: obtuse; the lateral ye 2Std; hend heads glo obose-ovoid, d, 6-10-flowered, sessile, solitary or somewha ‘the involucre eim e r tomentose, the inner scarious. Ard plains of Levis River, Null /—Shrub 4-6 inches high; the flower" ing branches virgate and rather naked. a ae r interrupted spike or spicate panicle ; scales of * ARTEMISIA. á COMPOSITÆ. 419 ll. A. trifida (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : shrubby, silk -canescent ; leaves 3-parted towards the apex ; the segments linear, gr er "paie à spicate, aowa glo- merate, in a simple panicle, obovoid, 8-flowered ; exterior wies of the invo- luere vog canescent; the inner oblong, ii with scarious margins. utt. ! l. c.) : leaves rigid, more silky and inthis the seg- ments Saher acute. : NM of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon, Nuttall /— Plant 6-8 inches igh. p « $3. Receptacle naked (not hairy) : heads bunk ass; the flowers all fertile. —Axrotanom, (Tourn.) Bess. * Perennial or shrubby. * : A. Lindleyana ipsins ): shrubby, canescent towards the summit ; ainda nearly linear, canescently tomentose ge ; heads s x rdc late, somewhat hemispherical, erect; scales of the involucre canescent, scarious " the apex, the outermost ^iforsssai corolla SEE y o D Hi c4 & DC. I. i a, eh (Bess. |. c): leaves entire, an inch to an inch and a half in en 8. brevifolia (Bess. 1. c.) : leaves an inch long, in fascicles; the primary haves, probably fallen away. - subdentata (Bess. l. c. : leaves let aimee somewhat toothed at the apex ; involucre white and tom ô. opus (Bess. l. c.): ivo “pisthatifid-toothed towards the apex.— A. pumila, Nutt “ North Wes ross t of America, Douglas, in herb. Lindl. i a Bae Probabl¥ from es esee of Oregon.— "his species is unknown : per- haps pe loving. of which we have only seen an imperfect es is one of its form - A. pumila (Nutt.) : dwarf, herbaceous, perennial, slightly tomentose- dit leaves scattered, linear, entire, or sparingly laciniate or incised wards the apex; heads sessile, subglob ose, few, in a simple somewhat leafy spike; scales of the involucre peccet slightly tomentose ; the exterior ovate, e inner broadly oval; “flowers polygamous.”—Nuitt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 399. Lewis or in the Rocky Mountains. eat iy — 6-8 inches high, from a somewhat woody base. Leaves an inch o n length, sed, a line Wide ; ; the teeth or lobes (one or two on dice side) ) subulat te. Nutt. 14. A. pedatifida (eel ! 1. c.) : dwarf, suffruticose, somewhat canescent . or cinereous, czespitose ; leaves 3-parted ; the iesita] pte often 2-3-cleft, linear, obtuse ; heads Asin sessile, bracteate, se clustered, few, in a simple pike ; scales of ^ involuere ovate, ate iweb shining scarious margins ; cag glabro Lewis ‘River, in the Rocky eons: Nuttall ! = 15. A, longifolia (aer herbaceous (frequently woody at the base), tomentose ; ring stem simple ; leaves quce di EUN A . EL. A c NI : d . ^ 400 B COMPOSITE. E Rocky situations on the Missouri from White River to the d Nuttall! Mouth of Teton River, Mr. Nicollet !—A low, “ very odorous” _ species; the leaves 3-4 inches long, 2-3 lines wide, tapering to an ace ` point. - discolor (Dougl.): suffruticose, erect or ascending; leaves shat Vi piaiatifid, canescently tomentose beneath; the lobes mostly inei! “acute, with revolute margins, few and divergous heads hemispherical, nod- ding, dis ispos osed in a virgate raceme; scales of the agi scarious, oblong, ac the So vtae lanceolate ; corolla glabrous.—Dougl. ! in herb. Hook. ; DC. 6 1 prodr oviciana, Bess. ! in Hook. M c.n ocky Mountains towards A merica, Richardson! and interior of gon n and Kettle Falls, Douglas.—Plant 8-12 inches high. Jnvolucre at first tomentose, but a length a t glabro here an in dun. ; one (from Richardson ?) with the upper surface of the leaves more slender lobes; the other, with the leaves almost gena. ium pe with the lobes shorter and broader . A. Ludoviciana (Nutt.) : per Mie ced eavescetl tomentose eee d Sting Daned; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, both surfaces when young elo thed with a white tomentum, beneat Sp very densely so; the lower often incised, remotely and sharply serrate, or sparingly, pinnarii; the upper en- EM Bi re; heads ovoid, — the ere - spose a t leafy panicle; corolla fusce. —Nultt.! gen. 2. p. 143; DC. pro S 6. PE 110; Bess. ! in Linnea, 15. p. 104. A. CE Pur! fl. 2. p. 520. A. Purstikoa fe DC. l.c angustifolia, Bess. ! in Hook. l. c. ; s B. latiloba (Nutt.) : lower sive dilated, ‘deeply pinnatifid, or the upper trifid ; the lobes and the u pepe rier Mee P rrr Awe à ence 5 the SY surface deciduous).— ns. Amer. phi j . gnaphalodes : very un Lose“ canesee nt iroi gho whe Teas iid - EAIA ee e sha atply and i Cg saints towards t x—A. 43; DC pede. = p.11 goap — ! gen. 2. p. 5. a: d: aves lanceolate (pretty AT dpa or acuminate, sharply ui nig serrate from the middle to the NA. p ere glabrous above, *. atleast when old ; ld; heads becoming glabrous ; otherwise exactly as in vat. y. 200 —AÀ. serrata, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 142. (herb. Lamb. ! & herb. acad. Philad. ! N o EM: : tomentose-canescent throughout * leaves short, elliptical-lance- 4 Olate or somewhat cuneiform-oblong, usually vary entire.—A. Purshiana % ^. 2 “latifolia, dnd in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 393; & in DC. l. c. A. inte 2... grifolia, Richards. appz. ETNE journ. ed.2. p. 30. d *-. lai % banks of rivers, &c., zn ihe; shores of Lakes Huron! "es ** Michigan! the eiu RUE Missouri! &c. west tothe Rocky Mountains: ~~, and south to Texas! | 8. Rocky ? Moestaise; Nuttall ! Oregon, Dr. Scouler ' . {mentioned by Hooker under A. longifolia, ge in Hook. fl. Bor.-- f SQ y. & 9. Upper Great ee Apre Mississippi! and Missouri! e. Plains 0 5 "the Saskatchawan, ar AD iA y T Wind River Chain ‘lt - y Mountains, Ta p miiy Aug. -Sept—Plant 1-5 feet high, so Ax ‘times simple, variable as to the shap f the leaves, but all the forms passing into each other; with small and crowded, rather — y ered, mo or less tomentose heads. The broader leaves are more or less adi Ea a ined. », 18. A. Douglasiana (Bess.): suffruticose ? strict, ca nescent ; leaves C2" nescent beneath ; the cauline lanceolate, acute, entire ; headss icate-panicu- = ispherica the panicle somewhat ea ih scales of thé prs |; the inner scarious k the apex; corolla glabrous. Bess. * Hoo las.—Differs from A. integrifolia by its wholly entire leaves, nae ARTEMISIA. 3 COMPOSIT X. ^ 491 ~a amice, pith popalies reprae icu heads: from A. Purshiana [that is A. na] in stem, acuminate (not mucronate) leaves, Eu oie of is aide larger heads, the inv dont not canescent- tomentose, ae whole plant less canescent, and the leaves green above. Bess. —We have a plant collected by Douglas, which acco ords with the hot NT character, ig that the upper surface of the leaves and the heads are. ^ clothed with a loose, woolly, but apparently deciduous pubescence. 9. A. vulgaris (Linn.): perennial, erect; leaves whitish-tomentose - - rath the cauline pinnatifid, with the lobes either laciniate, incised, coarse ly serrate, or entire; the uppermost nearly linear and entire ; heads spicate- paninlateo pms nodding, at length erect; the panicle E 6 and spreading ; exterior scales of the involucre pen Pd ntose ; the in pa co- Hook. Bers v Dd 2. p. 848; Engl. bot. t. aay icha. ! Bor 2. p.1 P s gen. > P: 144; DC.! pro ne 6. p.112.. A. gobi xr Amer. phil. soc. l. c.—-A dozen varieties of this polymorphous and widely diffused Fea are described by Besser and De Candolle ; of which the American orms are, vulgatissima (Bess. l. c.): lobes o stipulis linear-lanceolate, the low- er euis incisely to toothed ; panicle ample, B. Kamtschatica (Bess. 1. e): ca aulinfile eaves se bipinnatifid, with linear lobes, those of the lower onestoothed ; spikes dense, branched at the base ; thespike k ets mei heads ovate ; scales of the involuere with scarious margins, y. Cali onica (Bess. in Lin 15. p. 91), which is said to represent uà Opposite extreme, and to connect A. integrifolia with this species ; the low leaves being merely Ceca bale af —A. integrifolia, Less. in Linnea, L c.; Hook9& Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 1 ô. Mexicana : lower Lease Pe atti, the upper trifid ; the lobes, Ins. ko ME uppermost leaves and those of the branches, linear-lanceolate, very a entire, with revolute Au the upper surface as well as the tain: Waste places, var. a. (Mugwort pM from a a more or less =: naturaliz at but TM in Bri n Am From Vermont (Dr. Ro b. bins ipe we have a state with the leaves al finsadfd, ri m lobes broad“: — ostly obtuse ; BA ag ea the plant reat uttall, from se~- d questered forests of North Carolin B. Unalaschka, &c. y- California, '* T Chamisso. ` 8. Arkansas, Dr. Engelmann! Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Dram: E ‘mond! ‘Dr Ri Á— ! Berlandier ?—The A. Mili. Bess. in-Hook. Lis 2% c America, and Ane ently indicated as var. Americana,- we cannot dini foli A. Tilesii. 3. ae 20. A. Tilesii (Le edeb.): perennial, erect; stem simple; leaves whitish- ^; ; tomeniose b aem a pins, [or trifid]; t the lobes Pe eam acuminate, *. Mr ed toothed ; heads racemose-pan wagen crow: lobose, somewhat vrou b. in mem. acad. St. on 5 p. 56 ; ess in Linnea, 6. p- 214; ; : 1 5. p. B. arctica (Bess. i ey leaves oen tracer the lobes entire, short, obtuse; involucre pale, oren woolly when old. Lo er rcciged Bess. in Linnza,! pde leaves mostly deeply trifid ; the middle se nt very iler arger than the lateral; all pow acute, RUE and vemall toothed [often entire] ; Asst purplish- ES ` ‘the axils, bipinnately divided, or simply piiat and asif mpa the 422 * COMPOSITE. _ Anremisia . elatior: leaves as in y.; the lobes entire; heads as in 8., smoothish, in merous more or less elongated racemes, pus t an ample virgat pyramidal panicle.—A. vulgaris, ‘Bass. in Hook. l. c art. A. Indica f. Canadensis, Bess. l. c. ? ru "E s pg. Atiticicdia [^^ to the Northern — plant), Bess. in Eins 15. Arctic shores of Asia and asics! !toUnalaschka! ð. Subarctic America, Richardson !—A polymorphous cow with larger (frequently 3 lines in di- ameter), more globose and racemose heads, and more scarious involucres than any form of A. vulgaris. 21. A. Hookeriana LEM pm erect: leaves with their lower surface as well as the stem cane ; the cauline pinnatifid, their lobes, like the floral leaves, Menem, en "e ads globose, nodding, in a termin thyrsoid and scarcely leafy panicle ; — of the irte soil with sca- rious sevi ocu ; the inner rounded. Bei. e., & DC. Rock untains, Drummond. IE lines bog. Corolla yai onc ie a Rice of luxuriant A. vulgaris. DC. 22, Michauriana (Bess.): "igit erect; stem simple ; leaves whiishiomentr beneath, pinnatifid ; the lobes of the lower ones incisel toothed, of the upper and also the floral leaves linear-lanceolate; heads race- mose, globose, nodding; scales of the involucre glabrous, with the pic: sca- rious and Hep: corolla glabrous. Bess. in Hook. l. c Rock ains, ande on the One on ns Douglas Flan with the aspectaf A. uice var. "Mon ngolica. Rac branch- ed at the base. DC. . A. incompta ( ki hy a glabrous, ee the lower surface of ER Ep leaves, which is cinereous ; qe bes (3-5) lingar-oblong, entire {the lat eoeta he toothed ?) ; heads snbalobiiah, racemóse-pan late, erect, on short pedicels: scales of the involucre glabrous a and Dining scarious; the ansia ovate; corolla glabrous.—JNutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil soc. l. c. p. as é entral chai he Rocky Mountains, in Thornberg’s Pass (about lat. 41 : Nuttall ! à Plant} de feet high. Rem yere for its smoothness ; at first ore somewhat resembles some varieties of A. vulgaris, , but tis very distinet t. Nutt —Perhaps the same as the preceding, which i is unknown to us. _ 24. A. pachystachya (DC.): suffruticose (herbaceous, Nutt.), woolly at the ase; r pinne scattered, those at the apex crowded; lobe "i narrowly linear-lanceolate; heads subglo he glomerate-spicate ; Kon spi wded in along spicate panicle, bracteate at the base; scales of volucre rad — on the back; the inner pec n corolla g glabrous DC.! prodr. 6. p. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. (under of California, Douglas! Coast of Monterey, Nuttall.—The crowded p eat i pet long, composed of short sessile spikes. Heads 15-20-flowe 25. A. Richardsoniana (Bess.) ; cæspitose; leaves somewhat silky p cent]; = radical on long petioles, and » the lower cauline pinnately x pen 3-cleft ; ; lobes of the radical lea -cleft, of the or individed, linear, obtuse; heads ra racemoee-epicate, glomerate, Lager A duncles woolly a t the saints scales of the involucre fuscous, b the m ‘woo ly on the soria ees a ju be hairy at the dors jour" dn prodi strict, and with the heads somewhat noddi [in Dt Let = A. atti, Bess ! in He poke Je. Bor doi. 1. p. $99, no in Hook. l. c From Bear Takes is tag Morir wf the Arctic Sea, _— Mi Rani +, , MEET e Jie d ARTEMISIA. COMPOSIT#. 423 Oregon, Mr. Tolmie '—Plant 4-6 inches high. The t is pira glabrous in our arctic specimens, : decidedly hairy at the summit in that from Mount Ranier; in whic e raceme is loose, the fhoticels Boy a but the heads a little nodding. . A. pak (Bess.) : suffruticose, branched; leaves canescent be- ae with revolute margins, ee or bs d; the pb gain A and uppermos' Ese linear-filiform ; heads spicate, globose, nearly erect; scales of the involucre " scarious s margins ^ shining scarcely eh iios: Pere jA glabrous. C. "edi Dou 2p Lodi a 1-2 M ed lon. DC. gas - A. arctica (Less.) : herbaceous ; x simple; leaves — ha att the bio bipinmatifid (petioled) ; the lobes linear oothed ; E large, globose, racemose, noddin nd "hé apex of the erat ju the se of the corolla dere scales of 2 involucre ovate-lanceolate, scarious, eads or blackish. DC. l. c.—Less. ! in Linnea, 6. p. 213; Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey, p 295: not of Bess. A. Chamissoniana, Bess.! in Hook. fi. m. 1. p. 324. Arctic BON. dea rdson ! to Kotzebue's Sound! and Unalaschka! Woods Rock Dr in the ountains, lat. 52°, Drummond.—According to Hooker, the specimens iui the last-named locality are identical with A. Norwe, ine 28. A. glomerata (Ledeb.) : suffruticose, baies silky with w leaves on the simple tufied stems — and m (— the epi ramti and the eee cuneiform or oblong, pinnatifid; heads corymbose-capitate, glo racteate ; scales of the Reoluere orate lanceolate, sphacelate, un- equally ated at ‘the apex, ae on nlng back ; corolla hairy only at the summit wie A l.c.—Ledeb. acad. St. Peter sb. 5. p. 564; Less. ! in Lin 5, p. 212. pated Fin Ho k.t Ko clas Book fide Hook. red bat. Dehe b : but doubt whether the sterile tufts (which "illie were elieted), v ‘with densely me very villous, cuneiform, 3-5 cleft leaves, really belong to Spec Pac A. globularia (Cham. herb.) : suffruticose at the base, cæspitose ; stems mple, hirsute at the summit ; leaves petioled, — beneath, a ed; the pea 3-cleft or or cp ar 3 heads ra racemose-capitate, globose ; scales of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, woolly on the back, iT eren at the apex; d ga bnt" Bil e j Ee: odr. 6. p. 116 a, isso ! dT eni 3-5 inches long from a woody iilos. . lovdlucre blackish. Corolla purple. DC. * * Biennial. 0. A. biennis (Willd.): herbaceous, strict, glabrous; radical and lower e eti Ohio E ! ! and Missouri! to the Upper Platte! Sas- w “nin E — River! Aug.-Oct.—Plant 1-3 feet high. $5. Sintesi villous Ae naked?) : yp tet in ign Ad achenia acutely ribbed, 15 | —TANACEUM, N Ld à ` » 424 COMPOSITE. ARTEMISIA, only cea ile with v very ore linear segments. whieh are pee ely Mais go the uppermost entire; heads in a simple or compound ra ing, on short pedicels, hemispherical ; cali of the dens ei obtuse, „wit th broad scarious margins, almost glabrous; corolla : w e s on, to have much te appearance of A. cowie Mae the in He adds that the ovary is ea A A one of the ribs winged, me mose, $ stund, n , hem uberes scales of the involu- ere ai Mer Scarious rains; corolla glabrous. Bess. Abrot., § o: ^a ue or (Bess arid leaves simply Ne divided ; scales of the in- Ti gis ail nearly ear —A. foliosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer . phil. soc. l c p- 397 6 St INI California. —Shrub 3 feet high, decumbent.” Besser, l. ¢ who, under v. dense wool, longer than the cp ridi pur thatthe acutely ribbed Oe one e terminated by a mem- branaceous and somewhat lobed pappus ; the ep us disk therefore large, asin Tanacetum. Mr. Nuttall’s pent (not in Qmm r) is from vÀ The ure ari smaller ones fuc ete in the axils; which is said by Les case in A. Califor § 6. Receptacle villous or hairy: heads heterogamous ; the flowers all fer tile: achenia not ribbed : pappus none.—AxsinTuiuM, (Tourn., Gertn.) Bess 33. A. Absinthium (Linn.): suffruticose, erect, ed egeret leaves ^ 2-3 pinnatel iue ; the lobes ip aes mu incised, : hec hemispherical, ose-paniculate, ing; exterior scales © ds invo T cre linear or lasceniels, silky; the i inr itis aeg scarious eno bot. t. 1230; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 491; DC. prodr. 6. p. 125 5 ; Oakes, ct pl. Ve ermont, in Thompson, gazetteer. Absinthium! vulgare, Lam. ; Gar 164. jr. t. 1 adland Road-sides, netarslieed in in the Northern States! Also in Newfoun DC.—Bitter and odorous. ormwood. COE "ar frigida (Wi mà): suffruticose, silky-canescent; cauline ave pinnately divided ; the segments linear, 3-5-cleft; heads small à ie the inner woolly, oe corolla g . — Wil : r Pine} cod : P- 63, & ic. Alt. t. 462; Bess.! in Hook. p- 6. Gmelinana (Bess. ! FEL » 2: branched fromthe base; lower pinn® — me sim opie and remote from the others, a eue stipules ; i | ge narrowly linear.—A. fri ar Push! 2. p.521. A. sericea, 2 p. 143. A. vi ai chord d Fanki.. journ. ed. 2. p. 30- AP z incanum, &c Gmel. fl. Sibir. 2. p. 128, t. 62. ; „Dry hills and rocks, o ims and. Mioi to the Rocky Mou? te a EONRNEN * 3 $ YOL. 11.—54 ARTEMISIA. | COMPOSITE. ^ 495 tains, (Wind River Chain, at the altitude of 7000 te Lieut. Fremont!) and the Snake Country, Mr. Tolmie, (Hook. & Arn.) iy- Aug.—Stems dif- fuse, 8-12 inches high. A. Chinensis (or rather A. lagocephala, F Fisch.) a plant of Siberia and Kamtsch- katca, o ee y incorrectly given by Pursh as a native of the North West Coast * Div. 4. Hippie, Less.—Receptacle naked. Heads monecious; the pistillate flowers in the margin, the staminate in the centre. Style of the sterile flowers simple, truncate. Pappus none 157. SOLIVA. Ruiz & Pav. prodr. p. 113, t. 24; m Br. in Linn. trans. 12. p. 101; DC. prodr. 6. p. 1 Heads Me aig ae the fertile flowers in several series, apetalous or ‘nearly so; the staminate few in the centre, with a 3-6-toothed corolla. Scales of the involucre 5-10, in a single series. Receptacle flat, naked Achenia obcompressed, with winged or callous margins, armed with the Pid. sistent rigid style, destitute of pappus.—Small depressed herbs (chiefly South American); with petioled pinnately divided leaves, and small sessile or rarely pedunculate heads. A * l. S. in fe 4 (DC.): very low and apresar 3 leaves on short pe- tiolgs, pinnately parted; the lobes 3—4 on each side, obtuse, entire; bris ssile ; nm A cu venei villous at the apex, the collons s margin tuberc i-re throug! DC. prodr. 6. p. 1 Gymnostyles vasturitliay n ann. "is. P 4 262, 0. 61, f. 2. G. stolonifers? Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 185; “BU lak- 2s Damp sandy Ais i in "Bolts Carolina, near the coast: perhaps introduced. species is a native of Buenos Ayres, where it was collected by Commer- son.—2{? Ell.(Feb.-May.) Angles of the achenium somewhat produce ed into spreading teeth. Bd is S. ^in era (Nutt.) : puse abasa: ore leaves bipiyastely di- lobes ed; the divisions crowded, mostly 3-pa e linear, acute; heads sessile; ; scho nia obovate, düittitely hairy throughout, Lc gd br even, pud 2-toothed at the Pee M the teeth rved.— trans. - 80€. (n. ser.) 7. p. 4 grassy ^ did within n" limits, and in the immediate vicinity of * r Si arbara, California, Nuttall/—About 2 inches high. Annual, accord- . ing to Nuttall. . Subtribe 7. GNAPHALIE®, Less., DC.—Heads pee: or hetero- gamous, discoid; the flowers all tubular; the pistillate mostly filiform. An- caudate at the base! Style in the perfect flowers with the branches. Rot appendiculate ; in the staminate mostly undivided. Pappus composed of mies or setaceous bristles, or sometimes none.—Leaves mostly alter- * 426 S COMP OSITÆ. GNAPHALIUM. CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. a * Receptacle not chaffy. 158. Garuauium. Headsh ped opel the central flowers perfect, the e marginal filiform. Pappus all capilla: 159. ANTENNARIA. . Heads diecious. Pappus of the sterile flowers re or thickened at the apex. * * Receptacle chaffy, except in the centre. 160. Fitaco. Heads heterogamous; the exterior flowers poner filiform, sub- tended by the chaff of the meon hich i is similar e scales of the involone) destitute of pappus; the central "famished with Poppe. 158. =a gate Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Don, in trans. Wern. soc. 5. p. 263; Endl. gen. p. 447 Heads many-flowered, heterogamous ; the flowers all tubular; the exte- rior pistillate, very slender, mostly in several series; the central perfect. Scales of the involucre imbricated, appressed, scarious or somewhat hyaline Receptacle flat, naked. Style 2-cleft. Achenia somewhat terete, or more or less pressed. Pappus a single series of setiform or capillary sca- brous bristles al or rarely suffruticose plants, mostly woolly or tomen- ; with sessile or decurrent leaves, and glomerate, corymbose, or spicate heads. Scales of the involucre variously colored. achenia somewhat terete. —EuGNAPHALIUM, »§1. Pistillate flowers in several series, frequently more numerous than la pt Y fect: é., * Leaves decurrent: scales of the involucre not yellow. nz G. os (Ives): stem stout, branched at the summit, cloth hed with visci escence; leaves linear-lanceolate, partly clasping, decurrent, Us ae ati granular-viscid and slightly scabrous above, the pe m i like the branches densely whitish-tomentose; heads subsessie; in dense prodr. 6 Hills uae NÉ gunes, and Nostbac States, from p and Vermont! to New Jersey '— P -—Sept.—2{ Stem about 2 feet high. Californicu gn C.): stem herbaceous, erect, arachnoid-tomentose hat : eid slenddler below ; aes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ei ` . decurrent, , glandolar-puberulent and viscid both sides (the lower surfen o clothed w eciduous wool) ; headsin dense clusters; sca alesof thes p white scarious acie tt -p or — mostly — — l.c. p- Seite, Nutt.! in trans decurrens, 4 (n. prior p. in Line ngu, 8. p. 525; ee ae b dix bol Beathey, p. 18%; TAS Bor of the involucre pale purple.—G. Sprengelii 8. erubes £ ape gem : : 4 AT d P's P y ES $ 4 * sm 3 ofen slightly uv E. GxarnALÍUM. | COMPOSIT E. . a27 California, Chamisso, Douglas! Nuttall! &c. April-May.— (1) Nutt. erhaps too near the preceding. . G. Sprengelii ( Hook. & Arn. +): herbaceous ; 3 kae clothed with white .. i ahes both sides ; hose of the branches somewhat decurrent ; corymbs axil lary and. termi inal, giis rate, peduncu- late long, scarcely acute, shining.— Hook. rn. bot. pog p : lense, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 480; Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 5 G. decurrens 8. ook. ! — i P: 328. G. luteo-album £. kariera Nutte / » trans. Amer. soc. "n F^ m ; Honde ina sree capitate cluster.—G. luteo-album, rie or.- A California ! und à Oregon! apparently common. (1) —Near G. Minis of C not how to distinguish i phim states of this ies EM G^ luteo-album, except that the heads are larger, and the Nera per- th under a lens, instead of minutely tuberculate. Theinvolucre i is x Fr. fv Ls. A (26 77, Laai addi J * x "es not 2 scales ro of vvolucre "eve? Y . G. Les pcc can (Michx.) : erect; leaves linear-oblanceolate, — at Ae irs e, with undulate ma ion mucronate-acute, nearly gl: pubesce Smbron us bonitas oolly-tomentose beneath, as well as ipe: ; Graddelustered at the him of the paniculate-corym bose branches, ovate- conical before expansion, then obovate ; scales of the scarious ochroleucous involucre ovate and ete de rather es ; perfect flowers few.— Mic c» Jt. 2. p. 127 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p DE aei np E ei d Hook. ! ' fl. Bor. -Am Lg 328; Dartingt Hg Coat. ei ve DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 2997. G. obtusifolia € n. spec. ed. 2. p. 1198 (pl. Gronov. ); Willd.! spec. 3. p.1 ep pem Lan i. dict stem viltre- Dobeseeniuih viscid hairs; leaves varying from lanceo- $ late to narrowly oblon Old 3 Ids and woods; Canada! to > eee and Texas! common. pe Mrd Plant TE 1-2 feet ceo l si ihe on both sides Uppermost ; heads in terminal and sessile uen clusters, -subtended b leaves; scales of the involucre don, qoe obtuse, scarious, dem brown- ish; achenia smooth.— Linn. spec. 2. p. 856; Fl. Dan. t. 859; Engl. bot. t. 1194; Michr.! f. 2 IN 127; Po: "be ; ‘Hooke! JE Bor.-Am. 1. p. 329 ; Darlingt. ! l.c. E . 6. p. 230. 8. Xe minutely Hispid- seabrous-—G. pilulare, Wahl. f- Lapp. p. “Vo, t.13 j - Common | grou “throughout the DV Middle, and dV estie A ! and Nowiu ada! Saskatchawan! Oregon! and Cali- fornia. July-Sept.—@) P nt 4-6 crum high.— The forms with smooth and s scabrous tones wo be equally abundant, and are undistinguish- able, except by this pie ey The | latter : r also occurs in Siberia, fide deb. Jl. Alt. 4. p. 57.—Marsh Cudweed. alustre (Nutt.) : low, very lire d aen s branching ; leaves v taulatcoong ^ nea 2i linear, Msi tomentose both sides ; heads crowded `n terminal capitate very woolly clusters, pea 3 are leafy at the base; aaien ef „the involucre whitish or brownish, sĉarious, linear, obtuse; achenia very ', oer INutt. ! in trans . Amer. soc. l.c. p. 403. ^ vitre smooth and ipsc ai = / =$ g w , 498 ; COMPOSITÆ. GNAPHALIUM. Rocky Mountains, Dani, Duis — Chili), Nuttall! B. ro Water of the Upper Platte, Lieut. Fremont !— (Q) Plant varying from fai inch to a span high; allied to G. mai G. arem (Nutt.): white and floccosely woolly; stem nearly sim mple ? erect; radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acute; the cau -— crowded, linear, acuminate, sessile, narrower towards the base; heads glomerate, — terminal ; , scales of a ovate — em oval w oval-oblong, obtu utt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c Shores of the Pacific n near the ean, of the Grek e Nu tall =O Plant 12-18 inches high, heavy scented, with the appearance of Helichry- sum graveolens, somewhat glandular beneath the copious pubescence. Nutt. 9. G. m wr e (Nutt.): suffruticose ? white and densely woolly ; stem erect, simple; leaves lanceolate, apiculate, sessile, narrower tow b os the base, nearly all ENTR heads ovate, conglomerate in a m € e; scales of the involucre scarious, white and silvery, acute. Nutt. à i . p. 404. iego, California: rare.—About. a foot high. Leaves 1-14 inch long, Pe lines wide, white on both ee with a blackish apiculate point. Involucre very Boccali at the base: perfect flowers about 5.—Allied appar- ently to G. lanuginosum ; but str satel resembling some species from the Cape of Good Hope. Nuttall. * * * Leaves not decurrent: scales of the involucre never yellow: heads — 10. G. purpureum (Linn.) : goms mostly simple or branched from the base, erect or ascending, tomentose ; leaves oblong-spatulate or oblanceolate, mostly obtuse, mucronate, taperin * to the base, somewhat a renose-woolly, but green above, densely tomentose and canescent beneath ; eade] in sessile $ wa . p. 525. G. m, Willd. enum. p. 867; DC.! l.c. G. hyemale, Walt. Car cu Varies, with the clusters more spicate, and the aet — boc in part; Nutt and silvery. G. — (Lam. l.c.?) DC.! l.c Amer. phil. soc. l. c. B.? falca e leaves nearly equally ha on - one » nao lanceolate ; the upper n al linear.—G. faleatum k. ! . Americanu A Hoo. ompan. to bot. mag. 1 fr "f Sandy or gravelly soil, fram the coast of New Hai pshire ! to Louisiana and California, ex Nuttall. 8. Louisiana! and Texas! July-Sept. or ip the Southern States, March to June.—Root a apparently annual, at le ast in the northern plant; but describe a as peren ^ s " ess ene Elliott, Dar- lington, &c.; which appears to be orem do uthern forms of this variable species. ci 6-20 cendi high, obs All the species of this subdivision are ill defined. tose; stem simple, torete, à mucronulate ; upper x pé. rici t, sessile (not decurrent); heads oblong, Mipegued à in a: axils : the upper leaves into a continuous and dense oblong — scales of the involucre lanceolate and linear, acute brownish towards the points. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. P: - * .. is here nearly as abundant as the — COMPOSIT X. 429 Plains of the Platte towards the Rocky Mountains, and near St. Barbara, California, Nuttall.—Said to be nenty allied to G. spicatum, and therefore perhaps not (es from G. purpur e G. €—— a inn.) : stem simple, pe erect, leafy, tomen- leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, Mr ben wee or on both sides; d henis s axillary, — we a leafy spike]. DC. Wahl. fl. Lapp. ; (Fl. Dan. t. 254 Tcr 8 hr handb. P Grealan d! d Labrador! (Herb. Schweinitz ^ 2 --Pursh is surely e. od de r giving this iboi as a native of New York and Canada; in TR $2. Pistillate flowers in a single series: achenia obovoid, obcompressed.— E Endl. (Omalotheca, Cass., DC.) - G. supinum (Villars) : ettari flowering stems simple, slender, cal above; — Vae cct oolly ; heads oblong, solitary, or LA and spi- cate-racemose o od. involucre -— ate-oblong, acute, brown; achenia ark = E- —Vill. Delph. 3. p. 192; Engl. bot. t. 1193; 00 . Bor.-Am. 1. p. 329. G. pusillum, ONE I Schkuhr, handb. t. 267. Omalotheca supina, DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 2 zt Sabr, Dr. Morrison. Greenland, He b Dc. Dry ravine of the Am uck, White Mountains of New Hampshire, Nuttall ! (where it has not Fats Eén found.)—2{ Plant 2-4 inches high. 159. ANTENNARIA. Gaertn. (excl. spec.); R. Br. in Linn. trans. l. c. eads many-flowered, diccious; the corolla tubular, 5-toothed, in the pistillate flowers filiform. Scales of the involucre imbricated, scarious, colored. Receptacle convex or nearly flat, alveolate. Style in the fertile flowers 2-cleft; in the staminate simple and undivided, or nearly so. Ache- nia nearly terete. Pappus a single series of bristles, in the pistillate flowers capillary, in the staminate clavate or barbellate at the apex.—Perennial tomentose-canescent herbs; with alternate entire leaves, and co Sometimes solitary) heads. Involucre white, rose-color, or brownish, never yellow. Corolla yellowish. $1. Fertile heads mostly with a few imperfect staminate flowers in the centre : Pappus in the sterile plant somewhat obscurely clavate: stems erect, not cespilose or stoloniferous.—Margaripes, DC. oy of margaritacea (R. Br. 1. c.): stem -woolly-tome ntose, corymbose ai de; summit ; leaves loui E tapering to an acute point, Pare, with revolute margins; the upper surface at first arenose-woolly ; the lower tomentose; scales of the involucre nis white, i in the fertile plant obtuse, in the siiis sandal at the summit.— Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 329 pe? ar, 6. p. 270. ise tae ee Pe p pet Michx. ! fl. 2. ft Cost. p.494. G. Americanum y Clusius, hist 1. p.3 ry wood fields, Canada’ Hudson’s Bay, LT d eee ee to we mountains of the Southern States! and w est to the x Mountains ! n! (Also na Au Eu ug.-Oct.— 1-2 feet high. The sterile ec cc ehe scarcely own i in Europe, rtile.— Everlasting. * % 430 COMPOSIT X. ANTENNARIA § 3. Heads entirely diecious: pappus of the sterile flowers ‘indi strongly clavate: stems cespitose, often surculose, or stoloniferous. ey Dc. 2. A. luzuloides : silky-villous opens sterile Age or — none ; leaves linear, obscurely 3-nerved, in ng to the base ; corymb compound, loose; sterile heads small; the e scales of ths dius pers short and rounded ; the inner ones marne with dilated and very obtuse white tips. Oregon or Rocky Mountains. (Drummond or Douglas. ips 10 po» high, ec i Bess clothed like the leaves. aba a close appre essed silky es í species, yet it has very much smaller hod: ‘glabrou ead and narrower leaves; and rials diers foita the original A. Carpathic a. We have only seen the staminate plan - A. Carpathica 2 Br. 1. c.): sterile stems not scoot beca lancet, or the radical oblanceolate 3-nerved, villous-t mb capitate; involucre very woolly and karbin" at the at 2, Dro loh the inner with elongated er shining (caido inp (often white) bue which are obtuse x the AM but acute in the terti heads. BS Fine fl. Germ. 2. p. 348; Ho spa 7. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 329; | prodr. 6 è L 269. Gnaphalium Cuspeticam, Wa . Carp. p. d 8, t -3; Koch, Ger Helv. p. 364. Rd aries with the leaves Jt. nex glabrous abové, or woolly both sides. Hoo eg (Hook. ! 1. c.) : tall (a foot or more o high), and silky-tomen- tose thro rougho h^ of Radon. Pursh! Goldie. On the higher Rocky Mons about i^ 52°, Drummond! and Mt. Rainer, Mr. Tolmie ! R Syr the plai r the R ins Dew’ nd '—Hea or in $ 8-15, - a close corymb. appus in the sterile flowers dentcule: e clavate tips either spatulate and obtuse, or lanceolate and ac 4. A. alpina (Gertn.) : sterile stems short and petite or none ; leav: a ie RUN at least on e lower surface; the radical spatulate, eo cauline linear; heads 3-5 in erminal cluster, nearly sessile ; involucre woolly at the Mee the livid i soe scales moslly erose- -denticulate, — in the sterile, but acute or acuminate in the fertile heads.— Be in Linnea, 6. p. 921; Hok.!l c; D ab Siria Nu iL er Amer. v soc. l.c. p. 406. Guaphalium alpinum, Linn vá app " s B. ; monoiephala: heads solitary or rarely geminate.—A. monocephsl DC. ! Greenland and Labrador ! Hudson's Bay ! and along the Arctic regions w Kotzebue’s Sound! Unalaschka! &c.—Smaller than the preceding. pus in the sterile ap aeu clavate. tomen- ); the radical spatulate, sin er v a or Shae atthe biot: the cauline a lanceolate, appressed; heads several, in 3 rbi corymb ; scales of t — voluere with ictie-Mlincicalide Vies) o sig hie. ,ochroleneous, rose "1 aes _or purple) tips; de perfectly s sistas ærin. fr. 9. ; -- l.c; x / eA: Gnaphalium dioicum, Linn. ; Engl. po t. 267; ae MEER ANTENNARIA. | COMPOSITE. 431 8. pa voifolia heads glomerate-capitate ; leaves silve ve tomentose-canes- cent on M both sides ; scales of the sterile involucre ochroleucous, of the fertile urple.—A. parvifolia, dre ! in ro mer. phil. soc. ve ser.) 7. p. 406. i d ae . Arctic America! an m Newfoundland! Labrador to the Rocky and Mountains! 5. Black Hills c of the My» Nuttall ! Wind River Chain of the Rocky Mountains, Lieut. Fremont! (a. & 8.) - A. pla ntaginifolia (Hook.! 1. c.): sterile stems stoloniferous or fla- geli m flowering ach ids vores -like ; M silky-villous on one or ; he , E . iM nvolucre with white (rarely purplish) erose or crenulate tips; those o the sterile plant obtuse, of the fertile narrow and mostly acute; achenia mi- lose i UTT. syst. p. 748; ursh, jl. 2. p. 525; Ell. sk. 2. p. 397. G. dioicum, var. pla ntaginifolium, Michr.! fl. 2. p.198. G. dioicum & var. plantaginifolium, Darlingt.! p.4 21 . monoc cephala : stems shorter, bearing a e larger head. Michz. l. c. —Gnaphalium monocephalon, Carpent Woods and sterile knolls, &c. from Hudson’ s Bay! to Florida! Louis- iana! and west to the Rocky Mountains! g. ree ya Carpen Near Philadelphia, Mr. Lea! &c. April-May: in the Southern States, arch.—Plant 4-10 inches high. "Radical anak en 2-3 inches long, and one or two wide. appus of the sterile flowers sparsely barbellate, More or less aidon thickened towards the apex.—Plantain-leaved Cud-weed. 7. A. racemosa Ee ! 1. c.) : sterile stems stoloniferous; leaves tomen- tose beneath ; the upper surface and the scape-like X" nearly glabrous; the j volucre nearly glabrous, — those of -= sterile qu — the inner of the fertile heads narrow and acute; achen a perfectly sm Alpine woods of the ap eres Mountains {probably about rv 52°), Drum- mon oe sc we a foot or more in height; the heads loosely dis- Posed in a long racemose panicle. Pappus in the sterile heads minute- 7: Marcus, very piesa thickened above: the style slightly 2-cleft at apex. - A. dimorpha: cespitose, depressed, somewhat stoloniferous; leaves ibi: on the short branches ‘of the suffruticose caudex, oblong-spatulate or ae Fin emen re Poss — solitary, on short peduncles, scarcely ex- leaves; s of the involucre brownish, the exterior. son Pinar scarious, "ipsae ute i e sterile » and acuminat in the fertile heads; — of the former capillary, sparsely and minutely barbellate towards x.—Gnaphalium teohiken — eca, $ Hetero-. hani fatt.. i ns p acid A Black tte; Nuttall! May.— lant an inch oranal c ix le plant 2-3 lines, i in the sterile seareely a liste ‘ade. ds d Gna upinum t appears our view a er "ans 2 as : ; not -— notwithstanding th cilia: Taba of the ne Antennari tand "s ; eens: which, ani not thickened even in the slight manner of the j preceding species, is yet manifestly barbellate (under a lens) towards the Ny \ 432 / | COMPOSIT X. i Firaco. + * f ; 3 i 160. FILAGO. Tourn. inst. t. 259; Gertn. fr. t. 166 ; DC. l c. p. 247. Heads many-flowered, bikhopusidg the central flowers tubular, 15 toothed; "perfect, but often infertile ; the others pistillate, filiform Scales ` e involucre few, most y woolly. Receptacle columnar or vulbibil naked at the summit, where it bears the perfect and a portion of the pistillate flowers, chaffy at the margin or base; the scarious chaff resembling the pto- per scales of the involucre, each bearing in its axil a pistillate flower. Ache- nia nearly terete, v cud or cie papillose. Race of ge central _ flowers capillary ; of the exterior herbs, usually branched; with alternate entire leaves, and small Eu glomerate or fascicled heads. . F. Germanica (Linn.): woolly-tomentose ; stem dichotomous, the upper branches arising from the capitate sessile glomerules; leaves lanceo- late, acute, erect, crowded ; heads pyramidal; involucral scales and chaft cuspidate, the exterior woolly; the exterior pistillate "tine in several ppus.— spec. ed. 2. p. 1311 ; D series, destitute of pa Linn ! prodr. ©. p. piis . vulgaris, Lam. Gnaphalium Germanicum, Linn. spec. (ed. 1) 2. p. 857 ; Fl. Dan. p. 997 ; Pursh, fl. 9. p. 526; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 493. itis vu Vulgaris, Cass. in dict. sci. nat: Im mpia Germanica, Bluff § Fin = 2. p> 3 ` og elds ros roadsides, New York ! to Virginia ! introduced d Eur rope. uly-Oct.—A span high. Heads aggregated in globose capitate clusters~ Herba Impia. Cudweed. z d 2. F. Californica (Nutt.) : ires ete paniculately br anched from the base ; leaves Mh spreading, mucronulate, the lower spatulate- linear ; heads sey in small capitate c clusters; involucral scales and c aff all obtuse; the exterior strongly boat-shaped and very woolly; = nearly glabrous; pappus of the exterior pistillate flowers none, of the central somewhat copious.—Nutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) p. 405. . B. tomentosa (Nutt. ! 1. c.): leaves and glomerules more crowded; chaf somewhat purplis St. Barbara, California, — ee span high. Heads larger and -€ face than in F. minima (F. m a, DC.), but smaller than rvensis. Ac i ia papis ibid F. parvula: canescently woolly; stem erect, simple = slightly fend at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspidate ; s ish; conical, acute, somewhat clustered ; involucral scales and cha pee acutish; the exterior boat-shaped and very woolly; the ignermost scar arious, ob a obtuse, nearly glabrous wal) gui we sof- a" exterior pistillate flowe n none; of the central rather copious.—Gnaphalium? filaginoides, Hook. : Deec. 404. California, Douglas, l!—Stem slender, 4-6 inches high. Lea l, tipped with a blackish conspicuous acuminate-cuspidate point; e uppermost linear-oblong and merely mucronulate. Achenia gland n Eomae Pappus ie sg equ — overlooked ,by the authors W? ah ens ed this A. d p e flowers -«—ÀÀ exist axils reed sc is closely allied preceding. * species a y Pais d ui ERECHTITES. COMPOSITÆ. 433 Subtribe 8. Senecionex, Cass., DC.—Heads homogamous or hetero- gamous, never diæœcious, discoid or radiate; the rays s ligulate, in a single series. Receptacle scarcely ever chaffy. Anthers not caudate. ep capillary. CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. Div. 1. EnECHTITEZ.— Heads discoid, heterogamous; the flowers all tubular. 43> : 161. Erecutites. Marginal flowers pistillate, very slender, 2-3-toothed. Div, 2. EusENECIONE &.— Heads homogamous, or heterogamous and radiate. u^» * Scales of the involucre in one or two series. + Leaves alternate. 162. — Heads discoid, Mea orig Achenia PE a Pappus cabrous. Flowers white or w 163. usd Heads radiate or discoid, seme owered. Pappus of y slender ristles. Receptacle flat or convex. Flowers — yellow. 164. TerTRADYMIA. Heads discoid, * (rarely 5-9-) flowered pos of "— denticul Achenia villous with long dentic ate hairs ceptacle gor 165. p eere Heads radiate, many-flowered. Pappus ot = disk-fowers arbellate, pe een of the ray none! Receptacle co + + Leaves opposite. 166. Arnica. Heads radiate, many-flowered. Pappus barbellate or eodd (oni enm rather rigid. Receptacle flat. * + Involucre imbricated. 167. Lessincta. Heads discoid, ag atace homogamous; the marginal — larger and radiatiform, dee ply 5-lobed. Pappus scabrous, rather gid. Achenia silky-villous Div. 1. Erecatites, DC.—Flowers discoid, heterogamous; the in flowers tubular, pistillate. 161. ERECHTITES. Xx (fl. Ludov. p. 65? excl. di: Less. syn. ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 294. Heads many-flowered, discoid ; the flowers all tubular; the eai pis- tillate, with a very slender somewhat 2—3-toothed corolla ; the others perfect, with the corolla 4-5-toothed. Scales of the cylindrical involucre in a single Series, Achenia oblong, striate, somewhat contracted at the apex. Pappus copious, of Very fine capillary bristles.—Erect annual herbs (the genuine species -American an), with alternate simple leaves, and — heads. Flowers Whitish or yellowish. VOL. I1.—55 434 COMPOSITE. ERECHTITES. . E. hieracifolia (Raf.) : ea hairy or glabrous; stem simple or alus above, striate-su ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, unequally and sharply toothed or eg tapering to the base, sessile; the upper often sagittate-auriculate at the base a partly clasping; ” involucre abe? sub- tended by small subulate-linear Miyata bracteoles.—DC.! prodr. 6. p. 294. E. orela p ræalta, & elongata, Ra enecio i nr Linn. E 2. p. 866 ; Miis! ffl. 9. p. 119; Pursh! fl. 2. ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 328; Hook. ! f. B Am. 1. p. 332; Doriegt. id Cest. Py 498 8. z An eri- canus RM, pe Herm. parad. Bat. t. ; Pluk. phyt. t. 112, f. 1. Ciner Soie Sd s ? Neocis hieracifolia (& N. Pidula) Cabs in Moist waste Plate Canada ! Saskatchawan ! is prongs the United States! &c. ; cularly abundant in recent clearings, where the wood has _, been burnt ye aei the popular name of Bee seer): J uly-Se pt.—A coarse weed, 1-5 feet high, with the aspect of a Sonchus. Pappus cate and very white.. Corolla 10-nerved. EusEeNnecionex, DC.—Heads either homogamous and discoid, or heterogamous and radiate ; the rays pistillate. 162. CACALIA. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Schkuhr, handb. t. 936 ; DC. l.c. Heads 5-many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of the cylindraceous involucre 5-30, in a sin gle series, often with a few bracteoles atthe base. Receptacle flat, not chaffy, sometimes with a conical or scale- like appendage in the centre. Limb of the corolla expanded, deeply 5-cleft ; the lobes usually furnished with a mid-nerve. Branches of the style tipped with a very short cone, or obtuse, usually with a ring of minute hairs. Achenia | oblong, glabrous, not rostrate. Pappus of numerous capillary sca brous bristles.— Perennial herbs, mostly very glabrous; with alternate often M" — and corymbose heads. Flowers white, ochroleucous, or rarely $1. Receptacle flat and naked.—Eucacalia, DC. - C. suaveolens (Linn.) : glabrous; stem pens. si leaves triangu- lar-ianeotate hastate, acute, thed; the cauline on winged les: heads in a compound sorymb, 25-30- flowered ; — of the m cre about 12; bracts several, — s-linear, spreading-— tr ; Michz.! fl. 9. p. 96 Ponk: 7L 2. p. 518; Svea, handb t. 236; P DC.!1.c. Senecio i ire A Ell. sk. 9 2. p. e ) d along streams, Canada ? New Y k (Avon, B. JD. Greene of Georgia! Kentucky! and Illinois! Aug—Oct.—Plant 3-5 feet Es Radical leaves on long petioles; the large hastate lobes n mostly obtuse 2-lobed. Branches of the style canaliculate, very obtuse 2. Receptacle usually furnished with a central conical or scale-like appe? E -e pirs 5-leaved and Sted naked, or digidy and ini bracteolate at the base -—Conophora, De. CACALIA. COMPOSITAE. 435 2.. C. nid Muhl.): stem sulcate-angled; leaves Patios quen on both sides, pa — — (often slightly hairy on the veins beneath), r pandly namata se af e radical reniform ; the "di flabelliform, di- lated ; the teeth strongly mucronate; corymb compound, fastigiate.— Mul. ! me spec. 3. p. 1735; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 518; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 138; I. Rich damp woods, Pennsylvania! to North Carolina! along the tains. ANO in Hlindia, Michauz (in a note under the following species), a Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Aug.—Sept.—Stem 4-9 feet high. Leaves ample, di- lated ; the radical often 2 feet wide; the margin angulate-incised ies repand- ` toothed: the upper cauline either truncate, or more or less cuneate : the Be ie 5-flowered, as correctly described in Muhl. fl. Lancast. mss. ; wered, as stated by Willdenow. Scales of the es eti nee olate-obiong, obtuse. Receptacle slightly, or not at all produced in 3. C. civi aud Hin ): stem terete, glaucous; leaves petioled, very glaucous beneath, p almately veined, angulate- e or toothed (the teeth mu- cronulate) ; the nne and lower deltoid-cordat somew iol fenior the atriplicifolius, (& ri TAA a Ho y Bor - p. 332. Moist woodlands, Upper Canada to Georgia! and Missouri! July-Sept.— Stem 3-5 feet high. Radical and geste pot d leaves 4-6 inches long : the lobes or teeth angaa; mostly acute. Scales of the CCo lanceolate- oblong, obtuse. Receptacle produced in the centre intoa eolate some- what chaffy appe Se i which E. pil larger than the achenia, and 2-3- cleft at the apex, as if compos many confluent ; butis often much shorter, or even scotia. dm Plantain 4. C. diversifolia: stem ake ana Ste leaves peii green o es, i hat tripli-nerved, v the lower ovate, obtuse, slightly cor- date, obtusely angulate-toothed or iioii the upper 3-5-lobed, somewhat hastate; corym , loose. Rive swamps, Middle Florida, Dr pm ay. 2-3 feet . r i . Chapman! May.—Plant high, not deis Leaves nearly as large as in C. RE iis with one or ie te — Heads, &c. as in the preceding. aceite slight- ly produced in the cen 5. C. ovata DLE napi stem pam leaves genae — tripli- quintupli-nerved and "mg ovate or oval, obtuse, entire slightly and e ; DC.l mp wi art of Geor Pru e Alabama! to Flo: Wes sare Louisiana! July- Aue .—Stem 3-4 feet bigh, quite terete, sli iohtly glaucous. Leaves rather veiny than nervose, pale and glaucous beneath ; $ the radical (on Js long petioles) and lower cauline with the la amina inches long; the upper on and less petioled. ales of the involucre lanceolate-linear, — eceptacle ee an obscure central projec- , onbres ** foliis nervosis utrin ividibus applicable to the following species; to which Elliott if he had : ime th that plant, would probably have applied ame 436 COMPOSITE. Cacania. 6. C. tuberosa (Nutt.): stem sulcate-angled; leaves green on both strongly 5—7-nerved ; the radical and lower cauline eee ree oi obtuse or acutish, entire or ea mena tapering into very long pe- tioles; the upper ovate or Peres ym cda ually toothed sevi the "qr etio gen 138; DC. l. c. C. paniculata, Raf. à » nat. p. 15. C. ied. Sb ect bashes and wet d Ohio! eh emnes and Upper Mis- souri! to Arkansas! Louisiana! Western Alabama! and Florida! May- uly.—* t a round tuber, sini 1 a iit à Mass " Nuttall, &c. (but some other ‘halts h the tubers.) Stem 2-6 feet high. Leaves thickish, not at all glaucous; site Fedical radera those of the common Plantain ap oe rarel een the upper either entire, or obtusely toothed, or ev of the involucre oblong-linear, ob- tuse. Rece eptacle aeeai pry a e Nobis appendage. - C. lanceolata (Nutt.) : stem terete, — m somewhat glaucous; rested La scent, 3- (sometimes 5-) n d, lanceo e or linear- —: acute, entire, or very sparin ay and sharply toothe = the radical and pose ie into slender sibus the uppermost sessile; corymb loose prs j 2. l.c ; 3 311 DC. Wet places, Georgia! to Florida and ‘Louisiana !—Stem 2-3 feet Leaves thickish, 3-6 inches long, 3-10 li nes wide; the cauline often ir one or two Mee E teeth on each side. Scales of the involucre linear, ape: . gigantea (Hort. MESE ), Schauer in Linnea, 16, suppl. p. 216 (1849), raised from Sead received from New Orleans, so far as the description extends, does not differ from C. atriplicifolia. ; 163. SENECIO. Linn.; Less. syn. p. 391; DC. prodr. 6. p. 340. eads many-flowered, either discoid with the flowers all tubular and per- fect, or radiate ; the rays pistillate. Scales of the involucre in a single series, or calyculate with a few accessory scales. Receptacle not chaffy, naked or alveolate. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers truncate, the apex only minutely penicillate. Achenia not rostrate or winged, often grooved or ribbed- Pappus of numerous very slender capillary bristles. Herbs or shrubs (occur- ring in almost every part of the world) ; with alternate leaves, and solitary: paniculate, or corymbose heads. Flowers for the most part yellow. es, S. Aaaa a onn pen Mere deat eid iz ym E est cen at he I "he | apex when moistened, and emit spiral threads = — size, W. distinctly observed with | a simple lens of low po * Annual: rays: none. o] 57 i Fl. Dan h l P a; "Dc 7 pleal priu aste and cultivat ed grounds in the oie States! it from SENECIO. COMPOSITÆ. 437 Europe. Also Hudson’s Bay, Newfoundland, and er ow (Hook.) June- Oct.—A — weed, a span to a foot high. Grounds + ^ Annual: heads radiate. 2. S. lobatus (Pers.) : glabrous (or slightly floccose when young); stem og striate — somewhat fleshy a EM: pinuatifid or pinnately divided ; w lobes toothed or incised; [6 pot omen crowded, gite involucre near rly eca lyculate ; kad about 12; achenia minutely hispid on the 5 alternate (uote ribs.— ers. syn. 2. p. 436; Ell.! sk.9. p. 339. S. lyratus, Michx. ! fl. 9. p. 190, not of Linn. f. 3e. S. Bans Poir. dict. 7. p.102. S. Carolinianus, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 559. S. ss iy a ge DC. ! prodr. 6. p. 4 S. den siflorus, Martens, in bull. acad. Brux. 8. p. 67. S. Robe A y / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 411. Damp soils, ricedields, "- North Carolina! to Florida! Missouri! Lou- isiana! and Tex : flowering through the season.—Stem hollow. eld v extremely vVikriable in in the — of incision, and in the number and of the segments; the uppermost leaves ser auriculate-clasping and tihih; ; the lowest petipléd. — Butter-weed. 3. S. Coronopus (Nutt.): glabrous, much branched ; leaves all pinnatifid, “a auriculate-clasping, with a wide rachis and a few acute segments, ang of he upper leaves denticulate ; branches fastigiate, bearing few heads on Skand naked pedu neien: scales of the pape involucre (about: 20) mooth, carinate, with acute sphacelous tips; rays about 15, oblong, elon- gated; achenia fec CAS io: —— d, the ribs dno: pappus a length of the florets.—Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c 13. St. Barbara, California, Nut tall 1! -May.—Plant not glaucous. Rays bright yellow.—Mr. Nuttall inquires whether it may not be a variety of coronopifolius, Desf., introduced by jr : c it does not differ in any ntial points from the description of that specie Z3 . 8. DOM: (DC.): glabrous, erect; stem thet; “epa somewhat angled, c corym t the summit; radic al leaves Dp. pering into a petiole, er aig ‘the eanline lanceola ate, aie partly a sole clasping ; corymb simple, somewhat crowded ; es of the pois Peera slightly caly- culate involucre 20, acu i: pote out 20, several-nerved; the disk- flowers about 60; ‘Sehenia selva los TH. DC.! prodr. 6. p. 426. ^. B. larior (DC.! 1. c.): corymb looser; rays 10-15; diak-fówate about 50; achenia more disent" villous [?]. Ca alifornia, Douglas.—The ard villosity of = achenia, in this spe- cies, is probably amem i the emission of spiral threads, when moistened. 9. S.? flocciferus ): stems angled, ira mach branched from ves few, at branchlets ; involucre glabrous, calyculate ; rays almost none, f , pis- tillate, scarce ely. different from the pure "E E oin dd C. prodr. 6. ; Hook. bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 360. ; pct D Douglas. ie flowers are reddish ; the ligulate florets ap- in several rows, and gradually to pass into the tubular ones. = * * * Biennial: heads radiate, corymbose : involucre not calculate. 9. S. k.): stem erect, somewhat simple, villous; leaves broadly Tanceclate den anie [or laciniately subpinnatifid], acute, 438 | COMPOSITE. Samen hairy: or nearly pakan the nee paniy Apoia by a cordate base; he eads t of the at the sum pe imga pedicels not bracteolate ; scales iot the inv. Saluste. toe 20, ; in 7 je series, linear, acuminate; mye 20-21; achenia glabrous, with many narrow E unequal ribs. —D! prodr. 6. p. 363; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 334. Cineraria palustris, inn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1943; Fl. Dan. t. = ee bot. t. 151; Schkuhr, T. see j . 31. conges o0 high); ten Merlin Pe e or sinvate- toothed; heads crowded or capitate.—8S. —— 2 E l.c. Cineraria "eina n. Br. ! "5 in Pon Ist voy. appr. p. 279; m imet ! bot. Beeche e ina Meer an — jer m córymb ; scales of the invetwere about 12, * * * ® Perennial: heads corymbose, chiefly radiate. + Leaves entire or denticulate. '8. S. spartioides: glabrous throughout ; stems suffruticose, very n ei rous from the same ligneous tap-root, rigid, corymbose at the summit, leafy ; leaves fleshy, narrow wiy linear, poy entire, rather RS tuse, sessile; -C e a : ub E ucre about 12, lanceolate-linear, acutish; rays mostly 7, oblong-linea elongated; achenia silk y-canescent. i pper ree on a steep sand-bank of the Sweet-water River, Li pre Fremont! | Aug.-Se pt.—Stems a foot high, Riera: a dense tuft. ret 1-3 inches long, bout a line wide, very numerous. Heads half iir in length. Ra UB Ries speck Pasig: as long as the disk-corolia A remarkable and. species. 9. S. megacephalus (Nutt. ys ipee with a deciduous wool, at length al- nest gl abrous ; stem low, stout; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or oipo? denticulate; the lowermost Airing into nep the upper linear-lanceo" Mor and partly clasping; corymb of 3-5 very large heads; scales O arge nearly ecalyculate vill ous-pubescent involuere linear, persa — à long celate; rays 10-12, Pam gerd | nc achenia glabrous; pappus a$ 7. as the corolla of —Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc soe dme ser) SENECIO. COMPOSITÆ. 439 . Plains of the Platte, near the Roc ocky Mountains, 2 VA 6-8 2 high. Heads very many-flowered, nearly an inch lo FS. dy ugens (Richards.): clothed with deciduous tomentose hairs, or nea ay glabrous ; stem simple, slen er; leaves glandular-toothed, or often a l ear, twic f the involucre ; ache gl par” — Richards. appr. Frankl. Lore ed. 2. p.31; Spreng. s pst 2. p. 55 Hook. ! eroi 1. ; DC. l.c. S. Kalmii, Hook. § Arn. Pe p.3 Beechey, p. 126 (a stouter "ee unde Kinerioa from Fort Franklin to the sea-coast, Richardson! and bue’s do Nen A foot high. Heads large; the calyculate cae omar ll. S. exalt a length Mesi stem t tall and robust, ordi shuaple, naked above ; leaves e upper ce i acute, partly clasping br wound deeply serrate, Nutt.) ; corymb compound, fas astigiate, of very numerous (small) heads; in- ight] 8 gh * purplish ti rays oblong, don achenia glabrous.— Nu tt. ! trans. Amer. p hil. > oc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 410. S.lugens, Nutt. in jour. Mond. Philad. 7. p. 31; not of Richards. Plains of the Ore and of the Platte, Nuttall! &c.—Stem 3-5 feet high ; the umbelliform eb ntaining numerous heads, which are smaller than those of S. lu ugen 12. S. cordatus (Nut): more or less hairy, in ^p towards the base of the tall and stout "yrs in d via lower leaves cordate-ovate, repand- ly serrulate or near y entire, obtuse, n long aioe ; the upper lanceolate, lasping, serrate: h hieni i a nearly simpl b; sc of the campanulate vehe (about 15) linear, with dark and qpepurs: pubes- cent tips; rays 5 or 6, oblong; achenia glabrous.— Nutt. in trans. Amer. Phil. soc. l.c. p. 411. Alluvial its n Oregon, near the mouth of the Wahlamet. Nuttall. June.—Plant 2-3 feet dit. evidently allied to the preceding species. # 13. S. fastigiatus (Nutt.): sparingly arachnoid-tomentose when young; stem HARI at length glabrous, simple, angled ; leaves lanceolate or linear- ie ostly pins se and entire, tapering into petio entose-canes- cent, or at leone nearly glabrous ; the upper cauline linear, small, subses- "e: henda (a mall) numerous, in a fastigiate (si md compound) corymb ; lucre scarcely c. alyculate; the scales (yellowish) linear- “lanceolate: ; rays about 8, linear-oblong; achenia glabrous.— Nutt. in trans. er. phil. soc. €. p. 410. Plains of the Oregon, near the Wahlamet, Nuttall! 2Stem 2 or 3 feet high. MN ther thick and rigid, the lower a span long (with the peti- oles), someti sparingly Seriyi towards the a cr the margins inclined to be rey eg pons t as large as in S. aureus 14. S. integerrimus (Nutt.): glabrous throughout; stem simple, striate ; leaves ns (rarely sat pand-denticulate), somewhat esit the Tadical and lowest cauline short, lanceolate-oblong, rather obtuse, tapering into a petiole ; the u upper small, lanceolate, acute, partly claaping i e D" Simple or nearly so; involucre hemispherical, calyculate with a few | LI 440 COMPOSITE. Senecio. and slender subulate bracteoles; the scales (15-20) narrowly linear, acute; rays about 8, small; — - k-flowers 40-50 ; parts striate, nearly gla- brous.— Nutt. ! de ; DC. prodr. 6. B. ca D" leaves ook d eat que Ham near E base of the "— which Pao apiform ; pv: ery few.—S. integerrimus, Nutt. ! . age doc: F c. Upper ] Missouri, Nuttall, ND. Nic icollet ! 8. Plains of he, Platte towards the aypa Mountains, Nuttall! ay une- —Stem 12-18 inches high. adical leaves 3-5 inches long, and 1-2 wide. Heads dn rather large: the Ten Praca, nearly equalling the inpedaeré. - S. hydrophilus (Nutt.): very glabrous; stem simple, terete, eo i Src leafy ; leaves (thickish) lanceolate, acute, entire (or obsoletely re and- denticulate), furnished with a prominent midrib; the radical and vest cauline elongated, tapering into thickish somewhat clasping petioles; the sessile, partly clasping ; heads (small) numerous, in a compound n E 18-25; achenia oor shoreiely 4 n led. a. stem stout; the corymbs (not ME vien thyrsoid-paniculate.— S. hydrophilus, ‘Nutt ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c B. stem rightly striate ; i ferribe fastigia te. argin of ponds, &c., in t y Mountains along aon s Fork of the pom of the est Nuttall! ! B. Borders of a lake in the Wind River he i u [cniin Bracteoles few and very minute.—Heads smaller than in integerrimus. Achenia not striate.. Mgrs pease alveolate. - S. lanceolatus : glabrous (except the base of the stem, which is pubes- cent); stem tall, virgate, angled, simple or somewhat branched above, very lea gA to He summit; caulin e leaves uniform (thin), lanceolate, pouty ke sc lab y Bei. 3 acuminate ; rays few and small; achenia (not stnaté* ) glabrous. Along the No — P: to branch a the axils of the vppée leaves, omini by mbose pan ing; shorii, as ee as in cenis a "the uated bra nets come ge a little sitandi the disk. Peppe bok: the length of t - S. ampullaceus (Hook.): very glabrous; stem ved, branched above; leaves fleshy, Ai Ka tuse, p» is or denticulate partly ¢ dero by mm wd Sed lowest spatulate; panicle corym h froit m ssated and turbinate at the base of the heads ; involucre Á z a Ltd Nr. veta oodd bracteoles; rays 7-9, spreading ; achenia slender se-canescent.— Hook. bot. mag. t. 3487; DC. prodr. 6. p- 428. al, e as, —Plant ts feet high. Involucre at first dui. Te gt enlarged at de bare in Sonchus, about 20-30- Teh i the achenia promptly emit long spiral threads Senecio. COMPOSITE. 441 t t Leaves sharply serrate-toothed : heads radiate. 18. S. triangularis (Hoo ook.): glabrous throughout; stem tall; dest ge leafy; leaves " deltoid- tria angular-lanceolate, acuminate, very sharply coarsely toothed, petioled; heads (large) in a fastigiate compound be tymb ; bracteoles and calyculate scales few, linear-subulate; scales of the peliadrqceour involucre about 15, linear, Lew: at the tip; rays 10-12; achenia glabrous.— Hook. / ji Bor.- Am. 1. p. 332, t. 115; DC. D c. p. 432. 8. smaller; leaves less acuminate, and less dee and sharply toothed. Moist prairies among t Montains, between lat. 52° and 55°, Drummo nd! B. Wind ia Chain of the Rocky Mountains, abadi lat. 42°, Fr Mn 19. S. Serra ni al l. e.): ced erect, very glabrous; stem s 8te; leaves petioled, biosily metn acuminate, strongly and s angi ed, mostly cordate at the base ; the uppermost linear-lanceolate, acumi- nate at both ends ; Reside — in a compound corymb; dié involucre furnished with linear-subulate a cessory scillis t rays 6-7, linear, remot twice the length of the in iris a achenia glabrous. DC. (under the fol. ing name.)—S. kopia DC. prodr. 6. p. 418. regon; * common on the banks of the Wallawallah, Flathead, and Spokan per Pes feet high," EMIT ee rather small, very nu- nse corymbose panicle. Scal sa of C the i "bist scarcely sphacelate at ihe tip. Hook.—While we adopt the anterior name of Hooker, copy the character of De Candolle; who alone en describid the lower acen lea iei It is deulicizes nearly allied to S. Sarrac 20. S. Andinus (Nutt.) : glabrous; gue angled, very far ead linear- lanceolate, sharply denticulate, acute at both ends, subsessile ; heads (small) cylindraceous, forming a c und nicl co acteoles and caly- culate scales few pas aeiee taceou; z a her "arde about 20; nae glabrous.— Nutt. ! in trans. dae Ads phil. s soc. l. c. p. Vallies of the higher Rocky Mo iq a gr p about iia 00 feet above the level of the sea, Nuttall! J uly.— s 3-5 inches long, a half to three-fourths of an inch w ide. "Go ki ei b A, Nutt May not this be a baiiia form of the preceding ? ; + t t Leaves toothed: rays none. ^. dy gw cal an ine oval or poc o ed ini: a wi winged petioli, wi oñen incised a upper clasping by a su a ; heads (small) in nene adul ok bs, on short man E pese ps e pedit slightly calyculate; the M late scales and ince very small and subulate ; scales of the cylindra- . volucre 8— $ H LN ceous about 15-flowe 4 Pong. thickish ; rays none; achenia glabrous.— Nutt. ! mer. phi "as . c. p. 409. Upper branches of ed Platte Pa the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! Sweet- Water River and North Fork of the Platte, Lieut. Fremont! Aug.—Plant igh. Cauline S. 3-4 inches long, 1-2 wide, obtuse or acute, somewhat fles! H much smaller thau in S. Cacaliast the involucre thickish, with hyaline er v an, RM Pip Baher Shorter than the yellow corolla. Ach or 22. S. aronicoides (DC.): stem erectos P i arenose-hirsute ; VOL. 11.—56 ^ s ‘ 442 | COMPOSITE. —— SxxzcIo. lower leaves ovate, tapering into a penale partly clasping at the base, un- equally toothed, insets above, arenose beneath ; the > Spee sessile, ee e, partly clasping by the niea De somewhat adnate ba ase, c Pim , arenose dà both sides; corymb terminal, pay j the mls involucra! scales about 10, acuminate, arenose; ns SN the tubular flowers 10-12; achenia glabrous.— DC. prodr. 6. alifornia, Dou uglas.—Herb 8-10 oer high. peut tadi 5 inches big. including the petiole. DC. + t + t Radical leaves undivided; the cauline incised or pinnatifid: involucre nearly ecalyculate. 23. S. aureus (Linn.): glabrous, or mostly somewhat arachnoid-woo when young; radical leaves orbicular or roundish-ovate, mostly c bie crenate-serrate, peti ; the lower cauline lyrate ; the upper lanceolate, fid, sessile or partly clasping; the segments mostl e apex ; corymb somewhat umbellate ; rays 8-12; enia glabrous.— Linn. d. 870; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 190 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p ; Ell. 8 igel.! fl de. ed. 9. p. 30 . Bor.- Am. 1. P * 833; During. / m Cest. p. 497 ; DC. ! prodr 6 432. S Lc» alt. Car. . Rodas. Schweinitz El S 8.- ! an l. . graci P. urah! fl. 2. H 599; DC. ! l. c. (a depa auperate state. Eas rliest radial leaves, small and anes seldom cordate, on shorter petioles; the succeeding larger, on long petiol B. obovatus : radical leaves varying from ao ena to oblong- ^ spatulate.—S. obovat s, Muhl. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1999; Pur sh, l. ei ' Ell. 1.6. ; Da "o r o» ; DC.! l.c. S. aureus f, gracilis Hook. ! l.c js ^ i state, with Hine of odd size, is S. Balsamite 8. majus Pas dikdi: radical leaves thickish and somewhat coriaceous, obovate, ; cuneate-spatulate, and oval, m rag crenulate-toothed at the apex only, of som entire Spt inches high); : seit of few ot nt sid vetita) aureus, parly, H ook. ! l.c. S. cymbalarioides, Nutt! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c. p. 4 discoideus (Hook. 1. c.) : Dn title cid rayless state of var. 8. i$ E elongatus, Pursh! fl. 2. p. 529 ; of var. y. (from Labrador!) is S. pun. florus, Pursh ! L. c. (heads pies solitary !): an Oregon plant, with some € ua he i ili $85. trans. Amer oc. l. c. : an pus ctic American form, with the primordi radical Gates cha. as in var. y. but the succeeding thin, ovate, and sharply serrate-toothed ( b of few or several heads) is S. discoide bok.” be < & Balsa gla or more downy; radical leaves oval, rund ~” spatulate, and lanceolate (often varying greatly on dividual, nate or rather sharply crenate-toothed, some of them occasionally lyrate nia either glabrous or Bioko ibd ent on the es th Balsamite, Muhl illd.! spec. l. c. (& in fl. Lan ned., when d achenia are said to be glabrous); Pursh? l.c.; pee t ; excl. syn. S. Plattensis, Nutt. ! in trans. Ame il. soc. l. c.—Specimens collected at bee same time from the same Senti, not distinguichable in ly ot t, have the acheria either glabrous, or minutely hairy on angles ; dui sa are m mon ^ . €1 lanceolatus (Oakes): jus aténder loosely and sparingly wg - d the iu b ed rim D dtr rareta ih d poe bons: paie 8 trate, subcord the base; line few, sessile, vistos innatifid to wel rays Pi p. glabrous — Oakes ! in Hovey s mag., Gin pad open azetteer of E "d rà tome s siia vidis i w E 7 Senecio. COMPOSITAE. 443 Arctic America! to Louisiana! and from Labrador! to Oregon ! swamps or meadows; £. : Gee places; e. in rocky places; ^ — ô. chiefly) Arctic America! to the ocky Mountains! &c. g. Cedar mp, Brown- ington, Vermont, Dr. Robbe ! April-June.—A polym te species, 10-30 inches high ; the S. preemie: and S. obovatus pass by numerous reus. radical leaves thickis s ean d obova oun vate crenate-serrate, tape ring into a winged petiole which is noob: tins than the lamina, or nearly ses- sile; the cauline few and small, versis €— -pinnatifid ; the upper re- duced to bracts; corymb small; rays ; acheni us.—S. obov tus, Ell. sk 330 (as to the ie Sie use described), not of Muhl. &c. ennsylvania? t es lorida! and Alaba ay.—A a foot high, the stem often scape-like and almost le afless, floccose-woolly when quite young. R - ^ leaves crowded, 2-3 inches in diameter, frequently coriaceous when ure, often shar rply serrate or incised towards the nar- rowed base, occasionally sinuate-incised or almost pinnatifid. Heads as large as in S. au — Mic A. 2. p. Ell. X 2. p.329; DC. onan 6. p. 433. S. tt 2. hei Nutt.! et 2. p. 165. aller, very canescent; radical leaves obovate-spatulate and Pen ta-. pering into short belles. slightly — Bo cauline incisely pinna Cineraria heterophylla, Pursh, J. 2 .p.5 Virginia! to Geo orgia ! bee ! & Sat b. Blue pk pny (of Pennsylvania, Pursh) of V ginia, Ar. Buc uckley ! Apri l-Jun -2 . feet igh, often nearly lr nag base ses enka on rodtfud lobes, nearly glabrous when old, th and loose co A 4 eon vr Wem nearly entire, often abit y toothed near the base. Nes larger than in S. aure 96. S. can leaves ablong-spatulate, m pm 0 short petioles, entire ; eauline fioi tanec! sessile, partly clasping, innate piótatifid, or laciniate-toothed towards the base; corynib mostly "-— rays 8-12, short; achenia glabrous.— Hook. ! ft. Bor.- vá » 1. p. 333, t. 116 ; DC.l.c. ‘S. integrifolius, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 165. S. Purshianus, ‘Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. * ser.) 7. p. = proa integrifolia 8. minor, Pursh! fl. 2. p. 528, (excl. syn.) as issouri B. upper cristae of the leaves becoming somewhat: glabrous. Hook. l.c. pper Missouri, Lewis, Nuttall! and Saskatchawan; Drummond! 8. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd.—Plant 6-12 inches high, Ma aA czspitose; the ves white with a istent tomentum.—'T'he achenia as figured by Hooker are „sparsely miy along the angles near the summit; which is not the case in any of the specimens (of rummond or others) that we have examined. ape +++ 41 ll pi tely p DEAE E ly ea 27. m Doug lasii (DC.): clothed with a deciduous arenose-canescent pu- Moti striate, leafy; leaves linear, acute, entire, or mostly furnish- ed towards the base with 1-3 pairs í of small and remote narrowly linear pound corymb; dis i Aes ate calyc m s or bracteoles M. X 444 COMPOSITE. Senecio. nearly as long as ape of the involucre; **achenia somewhat glabrous.” — DC.! prodr. 6. I Doug es as !—Leaves 3 inches long, 2 lines wide. Rays 11-13; d flowers about 60. DC. . S. filifolius (Nutt. a : suffruticose, much branched; the branches dif- so very leafy to the summit; leaves pinnately 5-9-parted ; segments ye narrowly — entre, obtusish, often unequal, mostly w revolute ra S; heads 3 (ra orymbos cal iyculstó wit a subu iue scales; rays about 9 linear, somewhat elongated ; ache strigoso-canes nt. : den i. ioiai canescent; the wool evidently more or less Pie meen 5 ima Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c. p. 414. (De- scribed i oid. On the Upper Missouri or m Dr. James! 8. On the Lower Platte, near the ** Chimne s Lieut. Fremont! | Aug.-Sept. tiem. a the leaves + As: nch or less in length, half a line wide ; the rachis about the eads smaller than in the following species. Rays golden velis 4 29, € ier ghe glabrons — stem terete, very leafy, corymbose at the aulin — Lewes ly 5-9-parted ; the segments narrowly [see EE pes e, npes what dilated iiéards the apex, (thickish: and rather rigid) ; heads (laci: mel showy) on short tete disposed in a co nd corymb, calyculate with subulate scales; ray about 12, linear, coorta; achenia minutely paberile fragrans, "Riddell MSS», ae ; ee Dr. Riddell /—2[? A stout a ASSA inier 1-2 feet high : leafy to the summit. Radical bow unknow auline not at all auricu- late or ‘dilated » the base: the segments an inch o or eme in length, and 1-2 rachis about the same wi entire. He ads met ; " S. Met kei: la bro s; st e striate, tall, branching; unequal, nh aes: a pea corymb: the ede ides Bal few ne oose, nearly as ion as the cylindrical invelnete ; ; rays (about 9) linear, spreading; achenia nearly p abrous.— Richards.! appx. Frank. journ. ed. 2. p. 3 Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 334. of the ‘Seskatchawan { Drummond) to Fort Franklin on the Mac- kenzie River, F ardson!—Stem 2-3 feet high. Leaves ample; t»? lower 5-8 inches ee ttttt t Leaves all FUHR dissected: involucre nearly ecalyculate. stems s pitose "ym t the summit; leaves chiefly radical gescled, (tete divided: the aia often 2-5-parted, linear, o: > cauline leaves few, ssile, irregu ady, J-tpiuogely dissected ; — astigiate mostly compound ; sc. of the hemispherical ‘minutely TERT involucre about 20, aem gue s 9-12, oblon. ng, see am minutely hairy on the angles; pappus equalling the corolla o 2 3 Mountains of North and Sou ith. Carolina: ** Carolina, Fraser," in herb Lambert! Whi i Curtis ! numeroussegments2-3lineslong. He E. ; *. au Senecio. COMPOSIT. 445 than is usual in S. aureus. Scales of the involucre greenish, with scarious margins, not sphacelate.— Were this remarkable plant a northern species, p might be supposed to prove the S. Canadensis; which has never been r cogn * # * @ ® Perennial: heads radiate, solitary or nearly so. 29 S. resedifolius (Less.) : dwarf, glabrous ; stems mostly simple and terminated ira. br a sin dude head, — sir the inte radical leaves petioled; the olate; rays 12-1 3, elo ongat dd; achenia nutely and s pendit oeiia oe a little hice than the corolla of t the disk ees ! in uper 6. » ; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. cem t.117 ; DC.! prodr. 6. p. 347. Cine cr lyrata, Ledeb.! fl. Alt. 4. Lu fap (var. — ad iuveluere): ichenb. ic. bot. t. 101; Hook. & Arn.! bot. Beechey, p.1 Arctic America from Kotzebue's Saund! t to Fort Petia | &c.—Stems . 2-6 inches high, sometimes sparingly branched above. Heads rather large. —This is not improbably the S. Cymbalaria of Pursh. - S. subnudus (DC.): very glabrous tones ; stem simple, slender, dicis leafless above and usually bearing a single ie a radical leaves ob- ovate, toothed at the apex, on slender potier, ; the cauline few, sessile, oblong, incised or somewhat pinnatifid, not woolly in the mails; $ cales of the slightly calyculate involucre Facere aeta acuminate 8-12, elongated ; rays te - achenia glabrous, striate ; ; APP veras. equalling the corolla of the disk.— C.! prodr. in trans. Am e Relies ar sometimes bearin ing 2 heads, which are about as large as in S. ureus f the radical leaves half a an inch in length, occasionally odi n ree —A lied to the preceding 34. S. Fremontii: dwarf, glabrous; stems — leafy, often branch- ing; the branches naked at the summit and terminated by a solitary head ves somewhat fles leaves ewha hy, obovate and nen ianea : me- times mucronulate; the "m sinuate-toothed or slightly lyrate, sessile; the lowest opin stre de nearly entire, — in d tiole; scales of the e cordium involucre in a single series, linear- Praeter : ingle Tays ay 'obong-linear achenia (immature) puberulent; pappus equalling the corolla E the at tier Chain of the Rocky Mountains, just below the Pte of sd enim. d is. Lieut. Fremont! Aug.—Stems 3-5 inches high. Leav nch or more in length. Heads about half an inch in length ; the aude. Aifendspambtaté involucre many-flowered, subtended by one or two small ceolate bracteoles S. frigidus (Lem): stem simple, bearing a single head, glabrous, or Cd with Peters dd cose wool abd D hairs; — sip tical-oblong. obtuse, "alt aa: petioles [the ca ssile and p artly cl ing], glabrous or hirsute; the e margins revolute, jig or r slightly Re: ; involucre ecalyculate, xw with purple hairs; rays numerous, oblong-ellip- tical ; saeba glabrous; um as long asthe = of the disk-flowers. DC.— Le Linnea, 6. p. 239; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. sae t.112; "DC. prodr. 6. p. 347. Cineraria frigida, Richards. appz. - Frankl. ed. 9. p. 315 . & Arn.! au, p.126. C.atropurpurea, Ds. in mem. acad. SL. Petersb. 5. p. 274. TN = 446 y COMPOSITAE. - SENECIO: Arctic America, um: ints 64°, to the shores of the Northern Sea! Kotze- bue’s Sound! Head large.—Varies greatly as to a pabean, and te ae purplish hairs of the involucre are sometimes nearly wanting. es, unida ines ar, acuminate, a im "re interior; rays many-nerved ; ache- nia glabrous; pappus scabrous, pag d the disk- dim. D C.—Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 940; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. J. p. 334, t. 113; DC.! prodr. 6. p.358. Arnica maritima, Linn. spec. 2. p. 885 Ww T Pursh! «o 2. rn. ! bot. 27? Cineraria carnosa, Pylaie! herb. - Labrador! cod N ewfoundland! to Kotzebue's Sound! and Unalaschka!— ioca ont, 2 inches to a foot high. Heads (1-4,) an inch or more in dia- t Obscure species. 37. S. hy ca (Linn.) : heads radiate; leaves bipinnate, linear. Linn. - spec. 2. p Kam— Stem erect, sm Leaves bipinnate, linear, glabrous; the chew: simply pinnate. Corymb terminal, compound, fastigiate, yeh low. Involucre rufescent. Lin . S. Kalmi (Nutt.): en paniculate; leaves pinnatifid, somewhat wee the segments sin uate; stem o pn ceous. Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1244, under the name of Cineraria Cana den Canada, m.—Like Cineraria aan dias but » leaves instead of to- 39. S. nE (Pursh): radical leaves petioled, — trun- cate at the base, with the petioles appendiculate and somewhat lyrate; the Tus sessile, linear, incisely toothed; stem somewhat one-flowered. Pu rsh, » me p. . North West Coast of America, Nelson, in herb. Banks. —May it not be the same with S. residifolius ? . S. pauperculus (Michx.): dwarf; stem very simple, rigidly erect Mime Ott naked; leaves all lanceolate, a few of the radical somewhat en- tire; the others sparingly i incisely toothed or serrate [or subpinnatifid] ; co mb of few [2-4] heads; involucre nearly glabrous; rays rather small. 120. T. " Canada near the Lakes, Michaur. Newfoundland, PS (F. P Mer. Michz. & herb. Pylaie.)—Plant 5—7 inches hi igh.—Perhaps not [^ at from the remarkable and ambiguous S. aureus var. lanc volatus. S. ciliatus, Walt., E most probably Erigeron Canadense. S. opuntiefolius, Raf. f. Ludov. des Agree Cae Car p. 207); heads paniculate; leaves petioled; pani * TETRADYMIA. COMPOSITE. 447 164. TETRADYMIA. DC. prodr.6. p. 440; Deless. ic. 4. t. 60. Tetradymia & Lagothamnus, Nutt. . Heads 4- or sometimes 5-9-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Involucre of 4 or 5 (rarely 6) oval or oblong and obtuse coriaceo-charta- ceous carinate-concave scales, somewhat in two series. Receptacle small, Corolla with a slender tube and a deeply 5-cleft limb; the lobes linear, e spreading, mostly furnished with an indistinct mid-nerve. Anthers xserted. Branches of the style tipped with a very short and obtuse pube- kde cone. Achenia oblong, terete, villous with ae and soft denticulate hairs. Pappus at first shorter than the corolla, composed of numerous strongly denticulate and rather rigid unequal capillary bristles. Herbaceous? or shrubby canescently tomentose branching plants (natives of dry barren plains in and near the Rocky Mountains) ; the leaves linear, entire, sessile, alternate, often fascicled; the primary frequently converted into spines. Heads corymbose or racemose, and ofien clustered at the extremity of the branches, rather large. Flowers bright yellow. V1. Involucre of 4-5 scales, 4-flowered : the villous hairs of the achenia much shorter than the very copious pappus.—EvuTETRADYMIA. - T. canescens (DC.) : herbaceous ? unarmed ; silvery-tomentose ; leaves Sif] on the simple stems or br emp s narrowly pean, rather rigid, mu- cronate; peduncles as E as ose-corymbose heads ; senlis of the involucre 4.—DC. ! in Joe ic. p T t. 60, & prodr. l.c. ; Hook. & . 360 las ong, sexe a line wide, n of them a or preira ent. Fiw un ri ton —: Jong. Hairs of " nr as i ad g ha spacie * this 2. Ei inermis "reds shrubby, much branched, unarmed, silvery-canes- cent; leaves thickish, short, linear-lanceolate or somewhat spatulate, obtuse or iputrendleie- actin. either scattered or fascicled ; eads corymbose-clus- tered, on short peduncles; scales of the involucre mostly 4.—JNutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. He ser.) 7. p. 415. Dry bar n plains west of the Rocky Mountains, particularly near Lewis River, Nuttall! Also east of the Rocky Mountains on hills of the upper Part of the North Fork of the Platte, near Deer Creek ; po on the Wind and flowers smaller than in vid précellüg d spe- cies; to wiiee ian some states are very closely allied. € T. Nuttallii : —Ó much branched, woolly when young, canes- primary lea converted into subulate spines; the others dodi! no in ong mes thickish, linear-spatulate, obtuse, the tomen- tum somewhat deciduous; heads fascicled an corym c var on very Short peduncles; scales of the involucre 4-5.— T. spinosa, Nutt. Th. + a 448 COMPOSIT.E. ''ETRADIMIA. Dry plains of Lewis River, with the preceding, and on Ham’s Fork of the Colorado of the West; common, Nuttall? July.—Shrub 2-3 feet high, wing in tufts like a Furze. pines sharp, spreading or recurved, half an inch or a little more in length, as long as the fascicled leaves. Heads od flowers nearly as in the preceding. § 2. Involucre of 5-6 scales, 5-9-flowered : the soft villous hairs which dense- ly clothe the achenia as long as the less copious pappus !—LaGoTHAMNUS, Nutt. le spinosa (Hook. & Arn., 1. c.): shrubby, much branched, kron. "e ; the branches and ecaitiored or racemose heads very woolly mary eaves converted into acerose often recurved spines; the sens Yascrcled in their axils, v. small, "ag" nean obtuse, glabro sebagian €^ ie ) s. que nly 5-flowere = Boos des abo át 30 bristles hind are don mT parently Mew y . l.c. These copious very white den- ticulate hairs only differ ics those of true Te tr tradu mia by o greater 165. CROCIDIUM. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 335, t. 118. Heads many-flowered, radiate; the ray-flowers about 12, pistillate ; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre 8-12, oblong-ovate, herbaceous, with somewhat scarious margins, spreading, nearly in a single seri Receptacle oblong-conical, naked, papillose. Rays oblong; the ligule with a short filiform tube : the corolla of the disk with a slender tube and a campanulate 5-cleft limb ; the lobes spreading. Branches of the style short; those of the ray very obtuse, nearly included in the tube; of the disk tipped with a flattened triangular appendage. Achenia obovoid-oblong, ob- scurely 5-angled, canescent with somewhat caducous clavate-papilliform hairs (which when moistened split from the apex into two valves, an emit two attenuated spiral threads); those of the disk furnished with a deciduous pappus of 15-20 strongly barbellate capillary bristles, rather shorter than the corolla ; of the ray similar, but destitute of pappus.—A small annual, send- ing up numerous slender and mostly simple stems (a span high) from the same root, which are naked above, and bear solitary heads. Leaves loosely -woolly when very young, at length glabrous except in the axils, which are lanigerous; the radical spatulate, somewhat toothed or incised ; the cauline linear, sessile. Corolla of the disk and ray somewhat deciduous, bright yellow. Pre c (Hook. ! 1. c.) —Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. em i E * : CnocipiUM. COMPOSITE. 449 compressed, tuberculate, nor erenate-margined in cimens; nor are they very smooth, except when papilliform hairs “fall away. When thrown into water, ‘the spiral Raae which the latter emit form a gelatinous mass around the achenium 166. ARNICA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t.173; Schkuhr, handb. t. 248; DC. l.c. Heads many-flowered, radiate; the ray-flowers pistillate, and often fur- nished with sterile stamens; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the campanulate involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in two series. Recep- tacle flat, fimbrillate or a little hairy. Tube of the corolla hairy; the limb in the disk-flowers 5-toothed. Style in the disk-flowers with long pubescent branches, either truncate or tipped with a short cone. Achenia terete, taper- ing to the base or fusiform, somewhat ribbed, commonly hairy. Pappusa single series of rather rigid barbellate or strongly scabrous capillary bristles. —Perennial herbs (of the colder TeROns of the northern PE with simple stems, bearing solitar Leaves undivided, opposite ! Firat yellow. 1. A. nudicaulis ied ): hirsute ; leaves all sessile, 3-5-nerved, very hir- sute T ae or slightly ; the cauline 1-2 pairs, small, remote, ovate or oblong; the radical clustered; heads several, on slender corymbose pine “hana Be E s Vireinia! k to Florida! Apri ALMA ay.—Stem 1-3 feet hib. te pubescence somewhat viscid. Rays 12-15, twice the length of ue involuere, bright yellow. oe very slightly and me. pubes- when young, at length glabro - angustifolia (Vahl): more or less vibe: stem d a sin, head; j^ sy aegis ii an enii or sparingly denticulate, 3-nerved 5 on short petioles; the erie ne 1-3 pairs, shi rata f- Dan. eb x _tana 8. alpina, Linn. spec. ed. ns, SX AA B. Dun dede: S T (involucre er Tee EU ARNICA. COMPOSITE. 451 ovate, acute, serrate-toothed, veiny, partly =e heads 3-5; scales of ‘the involucre gay py oe sparsely hirsute; aite hir- sute.—JVutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc Oregon, on rocks at the Falls of ye Watlames, Nuttall !—About a high ; the leaves, except the Spore much lon nger er than the internodes, al i Species unknown to us (corolla glabrous). 8. A. obtusifolia (Less.): radical leaves petioled, subspatulate, obtuse, 5-nerved, scabrous; the cauline elliptical; head solitary ; scales of the hir- E E PN the dise oblong-elliptical ; corolla glabrous. DC. Less. in Linn E dleichho: Chases Ps 6-12 inches high, more or less hirsute. Heads as are in A. montana: rays sulphur-color, short. Anthers black- Les Fish. 9. A. Unalaschensis (Less. l. c.) : eren: irn petioled, ve imer M obtuse, serrate towards the apex, very sc ; the cauline oblong-obova head solitary ; scales of the hirsute Aires sogi the disk, linear- i^ ceolate. DC. l.c MM hka, rem misso.—Stem 6 inches high, leafless and hirsute-villous at the mit. Leaves SAE Heads as in the preceding; the sa rais yellow. Less 167. LESSINGIA. Cham. in Linnea, 4. p. 903, t. 2, f. 2; Less. syn. p. 388, f. 17; DC. prodr. 5. p. 351. Heads many-flowered, homogamous ; the marginal flowers larger and ra- - ed. included. [Branches of the style tipped with a dense tuft of rather rigid hairs.] Achenia compressed, not beaked, silky-villous. Pappus a single seriés of scabrous reddish somewhat rigid capillary bristles.—A procumbent branching annual [tomentose and canescent when young], at length some- what glabrous. Leaves alternate, thickish ; the lowest pinnatifid, the upper toothed at the apex. Heads eed terminal and alar. Flowers yel- low. Dc. S Germanorum (Cham. L c.)— Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl. K p. California, Chamisso. , Douglas.—Plant with the aspect of an Asterea, but agin the ane Serisi. The specific name ought pee to be changed aliforn Trise V. CYNAREJE. Less. ds homogamous or het erogar mous, sometimes diecious. Style in the. perfect flowers often nodose-thickened near the summit (some- |o times FS at the Fei Be . the branches either distinct or con- ralent oe. ; the stigmatic lines reaching their apex, are confluen m 452). : ^ -. COMPOSITE. SAUSSUREA. - CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES AND GENERA. ih Subtribe 1. CARLINEE. — Heads discoid, homogamous. Anthers caudate. Pappus | mostly plumose. Lb 168. SavssuREA. Pappus double; the few bristles of the exterior denticulate. Subtribe 2. CENTAUvRIEZ.—Heads discoid; the marginal flowers mostly neutral, * s uch larger than the others. Pappus never plumose, sometimes "am A5 169. Centaurea. Achenia compressed. Pappus of filiform bristles, or none. 170, Cmicus. Achenia terete, strongly striate. Pappus triple, the exterior 10-toothed, the intermediate of 10 long bristles, the inner of 10 short bristles. Marginal s sterile flowers small. Subtribe 3. Carnuinex.—Heads discoid, homogamous, sometimes dicecious. Ae 8 thers slightly or not at all caudate. Pappus of plumose or scabrous bristles. +55 i 171. Cirsium. Achenia smooth. kappi gus er cite bristly. 172. Carpuus. Achenia smooth. Pappus sc ceptacle bristly. * 173. OworoRDoN. Achenia rugose, 4-angled. Pappu «arta united at the base into a corneous E. Receptacle a olat A 174. Lappa. Achenia rugose. Pappus scabrous, eni Receptacle setose- - > fimbrillate. Scales of the vados subulate, uncinate at the apex. Y : / ko Cynara Scolymus, Linn. (the vie of Vibia is said by Nuttall (Gen. p. =) * somewhat naturalized in some parts of V. Subtribe 1. Carrinex, Cass.—Heads discoid, hang hence homega- - mous, never diecious. Scales of the involucre in several series, often rds nose. Anthers caudate; the tails hairy. Pappus usually plumose. A F » 168. SAUSSUREA. DC. inann. mus. 16. p. 107, & prodr. 6. p. su ; Heads many-flowered ; the fl Il tubul il d perfect. Scales | of the involucre imbricated in several series, znoatly not appendiculate. ; Re-. ceptacle flat, fimbrillate, or with persistent chaff. Corolla with a slei T tube and a 5-cleft limb; the throat inflated. Anthers with setiform ciliate o or villous tails. Achenia glabrous. Pappus double; the exterior of a few short and denticulate rigid bristles; the interior of a series of stout plumose | A bristles, which are slightly united at the base.—Herbs (natives of the colder — regions of the northern hemisphere); with alternate leaves, and er E rymbose heads. Corolla purple or dark violet. oe DES. alpina (DC.) : leaves flat, nearly glabrous € Aston beneath; t the lower ovate-lanceolate and some Lr oothed; the né Ti ceolate entire; heads few in a close ab; scales of pota cre ap ressed, a) deseada the ext M 303 * ie. Alt. 1. t. 18; Hook.! fL Bon-Am. 1. P 90% — Lot -— a * Po d : d Saussurea. COMPOSITÆ. 453 Beiramla alpina, Eo ; b at bot. t. 599. Circium montanum humile, &c., Dill. Elth. t. 70. f. 81 B. densa (Hook. ! 1. c.) : stem somewhat decumbent; leaves nearly gla- _brous, dense, nearly all narrowly lanceolate ; corymb glome rate [inner scales of the involucre ee acute].—S. alpina 8. you pj Ledeb. ic. Alt. t. 731 y: viridis (D c.) : leaves somewhat glabrous on both sides, elongated orate [or linear], acuminate at both inu» denticulata shorter than the m [inner scales of the iiec very acute].—S. alpina, Hook. & Arn bot precio > 1 26. S.alpina y. remot tifo lia, Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. - monticola [printed s. multiflora in 1st ed.], Richards. | Fat Journ. ed. 2. p. 29. S. angustifolia, DC. 1. c.? (Gmel. fi. Si a p. 79.1937) America; y. from Kotzebue's Sound! and the coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine nm nearly to the Vr vga Richard- igher Rocky Mou mmond !— merican seem oniy to correspond with the tu "Siberian varieties as - déstibed by De Candolle. aby salient teeth of the leaves in Hooker’s var. 8. are som times retro Subtribe2. Cenrauriex, DC.—Heads discoid, Se a =p the | much larger . marginal flowers usually neutral, with the corolla irregular, and m than the disk-flowers. Scales of the involuére imbricated, variously ap- pendiculate. Achenia with a more or less lateral basilar areola. Pappus ilose, setose, or chaffy, never plumose, sometimes wanting. 169. CENTAUREA. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less.; DC. prodr. 6. p. 565. Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers mostly large and sterile, sometimes _ Wanting. Involucre imbricated, various. Receptacle setose. Achenia com- presse appus occasionally wanting or nearly so, but usually co: _ €f scabrous filiform bristles, in one or more series, the inner often smaller and somewhat connivent.—Herbs of varied aspect (chiefly natives of the - Mediterranean region and of Middle Asia); with alternate leaves, and Solitary heads. EY l. Involucre nearly globose or depressed ; the exterior scales with « a coriaceo- ristes, somewhat ina E. series, caducous : achenia with a nearly ter- C. Americana (Nutt.): stem erect, otis nial sparingly branched, thick ened under the heads; leaves sessile, glabrous, often scabrous ; the lower g-ovate, repand- -toothed ; the upper lanceo late, acute; head (very large) Not bracteate ; scales of the involuere all with pectinate appendages; rays E. elongated ; the segments very iong and 2 Odla h ! in Je p Philad. 2. p. ipul. 1. p. 1119, 1. 6; n / Tu. 6. p. 515. "un. Nuttallii, i, Spreng. syst. 4 (suppl) p 298. C. Mexicana, DC. l.c.! Plectocephalus Americanus, Don, in - gard. ser. 2. t: 51. : Weser [Eye Los &c. Nuttall! Dr. James! Dr. Pitcher ! (Dr Le venworth ! d! Common in cultivation.— (1) Dru » Plant: 2-3 feet high, with 3 very "d showy heads. Flowers pale purple. * Pa H 454 COMPOSITE. ` Calne § 2. Scales of the ovoid globose invol yppendiculat ; ha tpt ate-fimbriate, or those of the innermost hatl ish: ray-flowers often none : pappus wanting or eaa so! (coral pur- i or ep white).—Jacea, Cass. . C. nigra (Linn.): stem erect, branching; radical leaves petioled; the canta sessile, Pente entire, denticulate, or sparingly angulate-incised towards the b scabrous; flowers all Ed and perfect ; POPE uch shorter than i achenium —Fl. Dan. t. 906 ; Engl. bot. t. 278; y ee Sg l. p- SDO. r prodr. 6. p. 571; Bigel. £5 ps A 3. p.3 New oundland ! EOS uera Naturalized in the eastern parts —2uF of Massachusetts! July-A wers purple. Scales of the involu- cre black, with a im posnit fringe. $3. Scales of the ovoid or subglobose involucre surrounded by a membrana- ceous serrate and ciliate margin: rays larger than the disk: double, often short: heads not bracteate—Cyanus, Cass. anus (Linn. ): floccose-tomentose ; stem erect, branching; leaves " 3. C- Ci linear, cenis entire ; the lower bronki tapering into a kind of perte and toothed or pinnatifid at the base; pappus aha than the achen C. prodr. 6. p. 578; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 4 Old fields and roadsides, having escaped hs gardens; sparingly natural- ized in the Northern and Middle States. July-Aug.—(1) Flowers blue (varying to purplish or white), or those of the disk ole — Blue Bott le. § 4. Scales of the ovoid involucre coriaceous, imbricated ; the middle ones ovate, and produced into a long spine, which is naked above but sparingly rias at its base ; the inner oblong and with a simple spine i the outermost spineless: rays 3-5-cleft, shorter than the disk: pappys double ; fhe eriat ngi $ in several series ; the inner short, dishar (ond , DC i i nent V 3 J * 4. C. Melitensis (Linn.): stem erect, branched; radical leaves pinnate ely por. tapering into a petiole ; the cauline decurrent, bray linear, toothed ; heads solitary, ovate-globose, somewhat tomentose ; ian ost scales of th involucre acuminate-spinescent. .! prodr. 5. ig p.5 bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 360. C. Partibilcensis, De. 1. C^ fide Hook. California, Douglas ! bend introduced (as also into South Ametica) ores grain from Europe $ 5: Involucre ovoid ; the middle scales produced into a spine, which is pir nately spinulose at the base; the innermost scarious at the aper: TUS . equalling or exceeding the disk: pappus short or none (corolla “purple an | CALCITRAPA, Cass. a € Calcitrapa ( ESAE gm rayon pum branched, hairy ; leave? sessile, pinnately lobed ; oothed ; heads se ssile among the uppermost oe itin: ERA elis involucre- strong, ed above, with 2 or 3 small spinulæ on each side at the base; the a * a de uw ji i OG e aor è di hime CENTAUREA. ’ COMPOSITE. 455 lowest involucral scales scarious and obtuse: pappus none. DC. prodr. 6. p. 597. Naturalized in Virginia near Norfolk '— (1) @ . C. Caroliniana, Walt. is doubtless Stokesia cyanea, L'Her. 170. CNICUS. Vaill.; Gaertn. fr. t. 162; DC. diss. & prodr. l. c. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers sterile, slender, nearly equal to the disk. Scales of the ovoid involucre coriaceous, appressed, produced into a long and rigid pinnated spinose appendage. Receptacle densely clothed with capillary bristles. Achenia terete, smooth, strongly striatej with a large lat- eral basilar areola. Pappus triple; the exterior, or rather margin of the - «. fruit, of 10 very short corneous teeth ; the intermediate of 10 elongated sub- —-X—" ulate-filiform rigid bristles; the inner of 10 short bristles; the three series regularly alternating with each other.—AÀn annual slightly woolly or villous branching herb (of uncertain nativity); with clasping and some- what decurrent undivided subpinnatifid leaves, and bracteate heads. Corolla yellow. C. benedictus (Linn. )—Centaurea benedicta, Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1296. erat ore but geai naturalized in New York, &c. Louis- a, Mr. Leavenworth! It has also been found in Mexico and Chili, to which it was pibbabls brought rele Serd Europe. Subtribe 3. Carpuinex, Less., DC.—Heads discoid, homogamous, many-flowered; the flowers all similar, perfect or dicecious. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, often spinose at the apex. Corolla usually curved outwards, the exterior lobe often dicio: cleft than the others. Anthers slightly or not at all caudate. Achenia glabrous, with a terminal areola. Pappus composed of slender scabrous or plumose bristles, which are often united into a ring at the base. 171. CIRSIUM. Tourn. ; DC. ft. Fran. ed. 3, & prodr. 6. p. 643. : Heads many-flowered ; the flowers perfect and similar, rarely subdic- cious. Scales of the involucre imbricated in numerous series, mostly cuspi- 8PeX. Achenia oblong, compressed, glabrous, not ribbed. Bristles of the 1 Pappus numerous and somewhat unequal, united into a ring at the base plumose, merely denticulate (and the stronger ones often slightly bum dm at the apex.—Herbs, with sessile or decurrent alternate leaves, which are ] Pinnati&d ; the margins and teeth usually spinose. Heads subglobose. Corolla purpl e, reddish, or ochroleucous.— Thistle. e 456 COMPOSITE. CinsitM. § 1. Scales of the involucre more or less unequal, all but the innermost ter- minating in subulate and spinose spreading appendages: leaves decurrent. id Cass.) - C. lanceolatum (Scop.): stem branching, somewhat hairy ; leaves de- Maint on the stem and forming a spinose lobed wing, pinnatifid, rough and bristly above, somewhat glabrous or NON y beneath ; the lobes and teeth tipped with spines and spin margins; involucre ovoid, nearly ractless, arachnoid; the scales linear-lanceolat, dye: with spines, the ex- mcn spreading; flowers purple. DE? Leia e eae! cr lan- ceolatus, Linn.; Engl bot. t. 107 ; Fl. Dan ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. Ii n pate Darlingt. ! Jt. da p. 436. eas biis Willd. ; Pursh, ft. 2. p. 506; Bi d. 2. p. Pastures and road-sides ente the Northern and Middle States! in- tarii i epe: Also Newfoundland, ( Hook., DC.) June-Sept. $ 2. Scales of the ovoid or globose involucre either mucronate or tipped with a prickle; the innermost always unarmed: filaments hairy. (Onotrophe, * Scales of the involucre closely appressed and regularly imbricated in mumérous series, Me nd ead ahd short, the em ae wakes Salers all but the innermost tipped decurrent, canescently tomen- eae - C. Pitcheri: canescently tomentose ge cant stem stout, xe leafy, dope or sy branched ; leaves all pinnately parted, rigid; the A ments narrowly linear, elongated, ‘ith revolute iam terminated WI prickles, entire, or sparingly and remotely pinnately parted; ne usually ek racemose-spicate in the axils of the upper leaves; scales [o he gla bose involucre owe. —-lanceolate, acuminate, with arachnoid margins, oe ver Ep pue; flowers ochroleucous.— : in Eaton ! E nicus Pitcheri, Tor . On the sand banks of Lake Superior, pee Huron; &c. Dr. Pitcher! Shore of Lake Michigan, Dr. Wright! sorts dn ei A ls = more y: p dapes canescently tomentose throughout ; ste ^ angled, often branched above; the branches leafy, bearing udine an js ay lange) h heads; leaves es lanceolate-oblong, partly c asping, sinuate- plicate-undulate, very white < eath; th bos often incised eft, spinose ; scales of the subglobose involucre pasatee. DI d with a sd iste ceat ng prickle; the mori ) ij -purple.—. DC. pne iut unii Nutt F gen. 9. atifid. E more spinose and Boos ii all Hills ron, and — Vc reed al (e S Li fo = PN "u COMPOSITE. 457 @! Plant 1-2 feet high. Radical im sinuate and less spinose. Scales of the involucre at length almost glabrous, often glutinous along the midrib. ` 4. C. Hookerianum (Nutt.) : esas: pg tomentose throughout; stem simple : | or Rudy branched at the summit; striate; leaves lanceolate or linear, sinuate- pinnatifid, with the ftu often toothed or incised, spinulose, arach- noid above, can escently tomentose beneath; the cane spe OMEN heads (rather small) 2—5, y hese scales of the s oolly involucre taam erect, appr. wo somewhat d. ua prickles ; the} in- nermost unarmed; flowers apparently purple.—Nutt.! in trans. Ae phil. soc. l. c. p. . 418. Cánduus ieor (in pa rt), Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 302. katchawan or Rocky Mountains? ? (Richardson or Dru ummond.)—Plant mens are not very complete. The stronger bristles of the pappus are some- et — evidently clavellate or thickened at the apex than in most other “a Ld leaves all deeply weer cn) peed sparsely hairy and green s above, d omentose-canescent (bluish-white) beneath; the dl . divaricate, mostly 2-3-lobed, lanceolate or linear- -lanceolate, spinulose-ciliate, — *. and tipped with an acicular prickle ; scales of the globose involucre somewh arachnoid, the rior ovate h le der 3 spreading acicular — the innermost pre ny ge en at reddish- purple.—Spreng. syst. 3. p. 373; DC. pr 40 icus discolor, p. 6. p. Muhl. 3 in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1670; Ell. sk. "2. p. 271; Bige “1 fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 992. Carduus a Nutt. gen. 2. p. 130; Darlingt. : ! fl. Cest. p. "437. a discolor j* Fields and along thickets, (Canada? 1). Bele and New England rupe or) Stem 3-6 feet high; fv rather dendo branches leafy to the ie ag P and terminated by heads an inch or e in diameter. Leaves of thè _ branchlets quite small; the lower ciliis, 6-12 inches long (the white persis- tent ose very closely appressed) ; the segments mostly long and narrow, often falca 6. C. A (Spreng.): stem tall, pubescent or somewhat woolly, ing; the branches leafy to the summit; leaves roughish-pubescent above, densely tomentose-canescent beneath, vg ta $e the radical pe Sinuate- d, or Pec d.c pd the lobes or r teeth spinescent; he: - (rather large) bracteate; scales of the globose-ovoid involucre arachnoid When young, Bancos y the exterior ovate-laneeolate » tipped with — s innermost n wW. ith scarious acumin e tips; flowers mostly purple.—JD C. / prodr. 6. p. 640, & not. 8. pl. rar. Genev. p. 5. C. altissimum, laciniato folio, &c., Dill. Elth. 1. p. 81, t. 69. C. d , folium, DC./ prodr. l. c. p. 649. ‘Carduus altissimus, Linn. spec. 2. d + gen. 9. p. 199; Darlingt. £f Cest. p. 439. Cnicus altissimus, de : Meg t iar M. fiia Missouri ! Fields -— — Pennsylvania! an an sam ut Stem 3-10. fet bl outline ; itn be radical undivi vi en the calis a quite «ier f : he are usu ally fe few and vers obli gular. Scales of the gi with a livid line or spot ant the APNA J which | is E Men somewhat gluti : Heads about an Dd nder, simple or ME ranche E ag ey gew (et): sm de ree Lon sinis leaves sessile, YOL. 11.—58 "o. * _ dulum, Engelm. Pine woods, 458 = " COMPOSITE. ' * Cinsivm. E lanceolate or coniate, green and glabrous above (or sparingly pubes- na when young), tomentese-canescent beneath, with spinulose-ciliate ( > ength revolute) margins, either entire, repandly spinulose-tooth rico sinuate-lobed ; the radical petioled, often sinuate-pinnatifid ; fide small, not bracteate ; scales of the poeta involucre somewhat ee when young, with a glutinous keel near the apex, appressed; the exteri eina: and — e with a short irae “spreading prickle ; the enuate, unarmed; flowers purple. prod. 6. p. 653. ardia Vinee =! Ja xta s. 4. 1 99; Nutt. ! .c. Cnicus Virvidjanwit Pursh, fl. 2. p. 5 ; Ell. s B. lower cauline and radical leaves all debui sinuate- "pina with the segments often 2-3-lobed ; the upper very small, lin eafy, much branched and jfticolute above; leaves mostly pinnatifd and more spinescent. t.—Cnicus arvensis, Hook.! in compan. to i^: mag. 1. p. 48. ô. ? stem stouter, sparingly branched, leafy; leaves all deeply pinnatifid, with the lobes npingepenty heads larger (roots often tuberiferous).—C. filipen- mss. Virginia M oe Alabama! and Kentucky! ; Drummond! Dr. B. & y. Louisiana! Ohio! &c. d. Tex Lindheimer! April-Sept.—2£ o 7—Stem 25 feet his igh. Heads abon half an a " j diameter, smaller than i in any of our species except C. arvense. In mhi is not unlikely either a diim species or a variety of C. eene eads are nearly as large as in the latte sa — of the involucre appressed, regularly imbricated in several wnequal series. rmed, mucronate, or the exterior cuspidate with a short erect prickle : heads bid. or merely bracteate a the base. . C. muticum (Michx.): stem tall, striate-angled, somewhat glabrous, Mice at the summit; the bra ches sparingly leafy, bearing 1-few eads ; leaves sessile, sparsely airy a above, arachnoid-tomentose beneath, when old often nea tly apenas deeply p nnatifid ; ; the segments lanceolate, | sparingly lobed So eque acute, pointed with spines, the margins ciliate- spinulose ; scales pue sglbose involuere res chnoid and somewhat viscid, appressed, unarmed ; the exterior ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often mu- cronate ; the diced ost elongated, el E acute ; flowers pup — Michz. ! fl. 2. p. 89; DC.! prodr. 6. p.652. C. Bigelowii, DC. l. c Carduus muticus, Nutt. ; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p — / f. Cest. p. 438. Cnicus muticus, Pursh, l. e. ; = sk. 2. p. 2 C. gluti- d..9. 1 Big 8. leaves often glabrous or pid so, more rigid and ; gene the seg- ments linear-lanceolate.—Carduus glaber, Nutt. gen. 2. p p ami glaber, Ell. sk. 2. p. 2970? Cirsium Nuttallii, T^ prodr. 6 Can Low shaded grounds and sw and car erar ie Louisiana! and Texas! the v "-— B. (w which is not very distinct) meni in more d piace es, and prevailing in the the - ern and Southwe tern States! Aug.-Sept.—2[ or (2)! Stem 3-8 fee t high. Ma rrins of the leaves strongly ciliate-spinulose when de e plant grows in exposed places ; the ciliate prickles weak and bristly hes in deep Made. Heads half an inch to an inch in diamet bby i e y Dns dine with age. Marginal flowers oe with the stamens lum EA ile, a pappus sparingly or not at all piu 9. à Lecontei : stem forle. slender, sgt has cm t the summit and d nang a single ( ) head ; EA inilio acute, sparingly, ed, the pir spinose, glabrous above, H Cmim ©- ` , COMPOSITE. J 459 clothed benéath like the uie with a white and flgccose somewhat deciduous wool, more or less decurrent; the lowest narrowed at the base into a kind of petiole ; Eis of the ovoid E otio appre ssed, somewhat ran when oung, glandular-carinate towards the apex ; the exterior o and lanceo- ate, cuspidate-mucronate ; the innermost elongated, linea-lanceolate, T late-acum up SUR s Virginianus, Hook.! in compan. to bot. mag. p. 48, a of author Bine oods ? Geo orgia, Le ‘Conte! Covington, Louisiana, Drumn e Bier about 2 féet high, perfectly simple. Lower, leaves 6-8 inches long, half an inch hic VIeguisry, beset- with ras e teeth ; the margin not revolute. Heads much large C. Virginianum, and nearly or quite equal to C. sius m: exterior PU of the nyollicre very short, the i TE an inch or ee in length, very slender; the short points straight. Flow Am repandum (Michx.) : ne when young; stem low eein very leafy to the summit, bea ne or two heads ; leaves crowded, oblong-linear, clasping, the margins undulate or repand-sinuate, t ickly be set with small prickles; exterior scales of t rial ovate-lanceolate and somewhat awned; the aay elongated 1 and pogiass acum minate ; flowers : ale, "see Hog / “fl 2. p. 89; DC. prodr. 6. p. 6 Carduus repandus, pr T .2. p. 386. C. Vi irginianus, Walt. ‘Car. Y 195? Cnicus repan- dus, E il. V 2. p. 969. Dry pi e barrens, &c., North Carolina! to Georgia! June-July.— 2f ? Stem ro feet high. Leaves 2-4 inches long, scarcely half an inch wide ; m lowest ipod at me ase, Heads middle-sized. Filaments slightly . ary towards the bas mue dwarf, Mübsan secet, sparsely hairy; stem (2-5 EL C. nches high) shorter than the leaves, bearing 1-3 large e heads ; leaves lanceo- ; hu pinnatifid, green on both sides, ciliate- spinulose, the some what in Cinca spinose ; scales of the subglobose naked i nvolucre ovate and o ate- » 53 lanceolate, acuminate, it aang ue exterior utei. or slightly pitas i^i innermost with scarious and erose somewhat dilated tips; pappus of the j Mino! mee ers slightly plumose pie the base, or only denticulate! (flowers ~ . . Bor.- Am. 1. red). —Carduus pumilus, Hook. p. 302, excl. sy Banks of the Saskatehawan and prairies of the Roe cky Maite. Drum- mond !—Heads sap smaller than those of C. pumilum ; the scales of the involuere broader oother, and almost doamnei. Leaves chiefly radical, ides : T ely pubescent on on both s asping, on both sides, mona or x villous, aal on the iar eneath, ie m bose LÉ. LI - lanceolate, a appressed, acuminate and Hippo en a short spine; the inner- most lanc drakta with acuminate scarious tips ; flowers reddish-purple. —DC. prodr. 6. p. 651. Carduus S drat, Muhi. cat. pe Darlingt. ! Al. Cest. ed. 1. p.85. C. pumilus (& var. Hystrix), Nutt. ! um p 30; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. ed. 9. pi 437. Cnicus pumilus, id Ó! compend. s, Massachusetts, we Now Yof — seme 3-4) coast ! New Jersey ! and Ponnpyl vada! uly high. Heads usually n than ~~ other N re eut 460 $ _ COMPOSIT Æ., n Cirsium. mue (Mr. Oakes).—Muhlenberg’s name is the most appropriate, and should ve been preserved.—Pasture Thistle. * + + Scales pd ed involucre rather loosely imbricated in few series, tapering to a conspicuously involucrate with a whorl of very spinose bracts! 13. C. Norriaulum (Michx.): arachnoid-woolly when young, at length somewhat glabrous; stem simple or sparingly brauch, ; leaves partly lasping, rre pinnatifid, the short lobes toofhed or incised, money opino: Say ads aby surtoatided by a whorl or dense cluster of pectina spinose bracts Bes the length of the involucre, the prickles often fascicled ; scales of the su bglo obose involucre linear-lanceolate minutely scabrous and ciliate, gx a very sharp po pu unarmed; flowers pale yellow Michz.! fl. 2 oops ; DC.! prodr. 6. p. 651. C. megacanthum, Nutt.: m trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Carduus borridulus, ries syn. 2. p. spinosissimus, Wait. Chieu stables edm A ri i — Bige. ! 2 anging to purple ein drying (Barratt, Peg Ee xe ttii : flowers purple vor kenai Bandua Ell. sk. 2. p. 272. Hills and poor —€ from the ime of Massachusetts! and Connecticut! to Florida — —— a! B. hern States, Elliott. Florida, ap- ! (Corolla in ‘dried iere light purple, the anthers yellowial:) cela mà e N. Carolina, Mr. Curtis! Dr. Hunter! (Corolla, anthers, ae style gd monu June-Aug. in the Northern, March-May in the Southern Sta ? Plant 1-3 feet high; the large heads - tended by 12- 30 sae. ines ako the exterior often pinnatifid.—A some- what variable, but well-marked species, with the corolla and pappus m larger than in C. spinosissimum, the heads not clustered, and the aes ot the leaves rather distant. From the characters given, we suspect it is equally pow) from C. glabrum, DC., of which we possess no specimen.— Yellow “histle. * * + * Scales of the involucre loosely imbricated in series, somewhat unequal in few € the exterior with subulate-spinescent tips: heads not involucrate with bracts. 4. x: S bus nn (DC. 1. c.) : stem tall, erect, striate, branching and aan above, somewhat arachnoid and hairy; leaves remote, lan- ceolate, podés d airy above, arachnoid-tomentose Eier partly E by an auriculate very spinose base, pinn ately parted; the segments dee the i : p margins some aca. Sc vo i Farge, panicu mid the panic ei nearly le afless ; scales M the u loose, Csank sei innermost px Bi cats much acuminated, unarm- ed; “flowers purplish."—UCarduus remotifolius, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 302. ipium i aa RS Nutt.! in trans. à Es soc. l. c. p. Al , Plains of Oregon, Douglas, Nuttall !—Stem purple above, 3-5 feet pie Heads by Morti Paci : eim a Es the involucre appressed, WE med, or th or bristle ; the innermost à , with scarious tips : filaments. tact — roots creeping. quei DC.) 3&0 arvense (Scop.) : rhizoma creeping; stem striate-angled, panicu- * Cirsium. COMPOSITE. 461 late; the branches somewhat woolly: leaves oblong or lanceolate, sessile, glabrous, rae pe es a little woolly beneath, €— -pinn at e undulate, E Lem. mall and numerous; scales of the involucre ovate-lanceo- late, m Diti, a few of the exterior cuspidate-sp nose ; flowers soli purple, or rarely whitis h.—DC.! prodr. 6. Serratula arvensis, Linn. t. 644. Carduus arvensis, S pei bot. t. 975 ; Hook. ! fl. Por,- a 1 Pp. 301; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 439. Cnicus ayeni Pursh f 2. ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 9. p.291. Breea arvensis, Les Hee muy y Xs Northern and Middle Riven: ! inada with grain urope, a any places becoming an extremely troublesome weed. Also Canada! : B on Sa and Newfou ear probably indie. July-Aug.— 2 Too well known to our farmers, under the name of Canada Thistle, Or | Cue "Thistle. t Little-known species. 16. C. foliosum (DC. 1. c.): stem erect (simple ?), robust, striate, some- what woolly; leaves erect, the upper very numerous and exceeding the heads, flaccid, vs riti agmen unequ ally -— with rather rigid spines, sparingly hairy above, pa achnoid-tomentose beneath ; heads large, glomerate in the axils of the pest leaves ; ción of the involucre linear, umo pappus very copious. Hook.—Ca rduus foliosus, Hook. fl. or.- Am 303. Prairies p the [ rach pie Rocky Mountains, Drummond.—*‘ The are singularly erect and straight; the leaves also erect, 6-8 inches raso dà me H p nu nanki ;ovulidébalili exceeding and almost concealing the " ow Hoo ile, . 3-5 together ; involucre subglobose, arachnoid-tomentose ; the scales aged compat Ere with short erect spines. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. s P I X" pen Leges of the oer and the Blue Mountains, Nuttall.—A must wem 3-4 feet high, somewhat succulent, with purple flowers, nearly rge as in C. [ie Mane Filaments hairy. 'lhe young stems are dio raw by the aborigines. Nutt.—Probably the same " m. C. foliosum, Hook. An edible thistle is mentioned by Lewis and Clar C. brevifolium (Nutt.) : stem slender, nearly terete, and as well as the ve: surface of the leaves canescently tomentose, bearing 2-3 heads; —_ oblon Stier clasping, green and nearly glabrous above, sinuate- natifid, with shallow sim mple or 2-cleft lobes, tipped with spines, and teri Spinose serratures ; involucre ovate, naked ; the scales lanceolate Smooth, terminating in small erect spines; flowers vehreleucous: trans. Amer. phil. soc p.4 Plains of the Rocky Mou vital; Nuttall.—Leaves about half an inch wide, inches price Allied to C. M reme Nutt. ; * 462 COMPOSITE. Cirsium. margins. Flowers pale rose-color. Nutt.—Not improbably our C. undula- tum, var. ĝ. 172. CARDUUS. Tourn. ; Linn. (excl. spec.); Geertn. fr. t. 162; DC. L e. Bristles of the pappus scabrous (not plumose) : otherwise a in Cirsium. § Bristles of the pappus few and slender—Lerrocnzta, Nutt. " ToC occidentalis (Nutt.): eae tat 2 Hn heic rein vend ath ; smooth above, canescentl ose ben mate; the ultimate See lanceolate tipped with shor spines, spina ier en: late ; scales of the s obose arachnoid- —€— tos eolate, erect, termi inating in ieight spines; sed innermost sae ahi icles acuminate. Nutt. ed igi Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. St. rbara, California, Nuttall.—Stem Senet ntose, 6-12 inches high. rs 4-5 inches lo ut an inch wide, with a lanceolate part ; the cauline clasping. Heads 2-3, me pale pu urple. Plant with the habit of Cirsium discolor, Nutt.—We hav ape plant, the only one of the genus known to inhabit this cen ps not be some species of South- ern Europe, introduced into California ? C. pectinatus (Linn. mabi. ) a planit t of uncertain origin, said to have been raised m b received from Pennsylvania, is doubtless not a DM of this country, and is probably correctly referred by Sprengel to Carduus defloratu 173. ONOPORDON. Vaill.; Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 161; Schkuhr, handb. t. 230. Heads many-flowered; the flowers perfect. Scales of the ovate-globose involucre imbricated, coriaceous, tipped with a lanceolate spinescent appen- da age. uer ed poenis cag d vr rid — ku gae sinuate-toothed. Anthers with a linear-subulate appendage, and with short tails: filaments m glabrous. ono gy of the style concreted nearly to the apex. Achenia obovoid-com- ngled, rugose transversely. Bristles of the pappus numerous, itr. b denies united at the base into a corneous ring.—Coarse branch- ing herbs; the stems winged by the decurrent base of the lobed or toothed leaves; the lobes and teeth spinescent. Corolla purple, rarely varying tO white. - O. acanthium (Linn.) : (PA ergot, > branching somewhat woolly ; leaves Mibarreiit, sinuate, spinose-toothed, n both sides; scales of the | š warolacrs linear-subulate ; ; fne eke tiia woolly at the base. DC. 77; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 293 ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 618-. * g TETA grounds and dry pastures ; introduced from Europe, and natural- zed i b -= New England States! July-Aug.— (2) A tall cottony plant, al otton Thistle. vA. LAPPA Tourn. inst. t. 156; Juss. ; Lam. ill. t. 665; DC. Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and similar. Involucre bine; the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, then V p . * 3 " Larra. COMPOSITÆ. 463 subulate and spreading, with the rigid apex uncinate. Receptacle flat, some- what fleshy, setose-fimbrillate. Corolla regularly 5- : 10-nerved. An- thers tipped with filiform appendages, caudate at the base: filaments papil- slighty undulate margins, the lower surface more or less tomentose. Heads small, solitary or somewhat corymbose. Corolla purple varying to white, equalling the involucre.— Burdock 1. L. major (Gertn.): scales of the Pee all subulate and with u nate tips either glabrous or loosely arachnoid ; upper cauline leaves Prism ^. the others (large) cordate.— G'rín. cs 2. p. 379, t. 162. maior minor, DC. prodr. 6. p. 661. Arctium Lappa, Pina. = Darlingt. Á 436. Fence-rows and waste- ama: in rich = introduced from Europe.—A nno etel well known under the name of Burdock. Dr. ‘Darling- and Mr. Tuckerman aid pet ed an eerte form, (L. Bardana ?) oun pinnatifid.) leaves. Sunorver Il. LABIATIFLORJE. DC. Corolla of the perfect flowers bilabiate ; the outer lip mostly 3-lobed or 3-toothed, and the inner 2-cleft or 2- toothed. Pollen smooth, glo- bose or elliptical, Trigg VI. MUTISIACEZE. Less. Heads terogamous, or rarely dicecious ; the marginal flowers pis- tillate or Sra either ligulate or bilabiate.—Style nearly as in the ynarez. 175. CHAPTALIA. Vent. hort. Cels. t. 61; DC. in ann. mus. 16. p. 66. » Heads many-flowered, heterogamous, radiate ; the rays pistillate and fer- tile, in 2 series; the disk-flowers perfect, but sterile by the abortion of the ovary. Corolla of the outer series of ray-flowers simply ligulate, or rarely With a minute inner lip; of the inner series filiform and much shorter than the style, obliquely truncate, the inner lip rudimentary ; of the disk-flowers bilabiate, the lips equal in length, the outer 3-toothed, the inner 2-parted. Scales of the campanulate involucre imbricated in few series, linear, acut l-nerved. Receptacle naked. Anthers caudate. Achenia of the ferti flowers oblong, glabrous, striate, attenuate at each end, somewhat beaked, and with the apex slightly dilated; of the disk-flowers abortive. Pappus copious, pillary, minutely scabrous.—Perennial sindi Term can) r * * 464 COMPOSITE. herbs, with naked scapes bearing solitary heads; ‘the’ Sende all radical, tomentose beneath. Flowers white or purplish. i «` C. tomentosa (Vent. l. c.) : leaves oblong or eui Tt some- E geste téitorsel y geri the lower surface and the slender scape d h densely tomentose ves white matted wool; the upper arachnoid when young, at length g vol head TEY when in — FÉ a 16-20, simply os rr» rsh! fl. 9. p. 577 ; Bot. mag. t ; Ell. 2. p. 459; DC.! prodr. 7. p. 41. Perdicium senitosc rs, "Walt. / Car. a taig Tussilago integrifolia, Willd. ! spec. 3. p. s Michz.! fl. 2. ae p pine barrens, &c. North Carolina! to Florida! and Louisiana ! Meu Mas. Scape a span to a foot high. Trige VII. NASSAUVIACEJE. Less. eads homogamous, radiatiform ; the flowers all similar and per- fect. Style nearly as in the Senecioneæ. 176. ACOURTIA. Don, in trans. Linn. soc. 16. p. 203; DC. prodr. p. 65. Heads 10-30-flowered, discoid, homogamous ; the flowers perfect. Invo- luere turbinate ; the scales imbricated in several series, lanceolate, appressed, dilated at the base, articulated with the rachis, deciduous! Receptacl naked. Corolla of all the flowers bilabiate; the outer lip ligulate and 3- toothed; the inner 2-parted, with the revolute lobes linear and obtuse. An- thers tipped with a linear-lanceolate cartilaginous appendage; the tails sim- ple and obtuse. ' Branches of the style truncate, papillose at the apex- Achenia nearly terete, elongated, papillose-scabrous. Pappus a single se- . ries of bristles, penicillate at the apex, deciduous.—Shrubby (Mexican and — branching glaucous plants, with the habit of Serratula. Leaves e-clasping, with the auricles free, spinulose-serrate. Heads 3-10, fas- vr vds gaan scales of the involucre often reddish, ciliate. Corolla purple or rose-color ; pappus white. DC. 1. A. microcephala (DC.): stem herbaceous? branching; the branches angular, somewhat velvety with a glandular pubescence; leaves cordate- clasping, ovate, acute, arts toothed, glandular, somewhat puberulent beneath; heads several in a thyrsoid corymb; scales of the eee ene dace glandular-puberulent on the back. oo Douglas.—This and the Se tp mi are the only North cote Piveptedres of a ees whic minently characteristic of "m pasion of South Ameri Susorper IJ]. LIGULIFLORJE. DC. Flowers all te and perfect, disposed in a hom ous radiati- E rues] A angrer scabrous and many-sided, cri decent è i Moreau. : COMPOSITE. - 465 * ks 4: A po E bu * $ * Y " a i % : * : Tar VIII. CICHORACER. Vaill., Juss. e Style cylindraceous above, the summit as mr as the rather obtuse “branches unifor mly pubescent’; the stigmatic lines terminating Below or near the pno of the branches.—Plants with a milky juice! _ Leaves alterna CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. Hbo Subtribe 1. Lamrsanex.—Pappus none. Receptacle not chaffy. 177. Lampsana. Achenia e — Involuere erect. Heads paniculate. . i. Apocon. Achen many-ribbe volucre connivent in fruit. Heads soli- . i tary or umbellate. auline p often opposite. Subtribe 2. HyosERIDEZE Weir. a either wholly or partly chaffy or squamellate. Receptacle not chaffy. ` st a * * Involucre simple, equal, scarcely in series. 179. Kricta. Pappus of 5 broad c chaffy scales and 5 alternate bristle : 180. Cynta. Pappus of numerous short squamelle and ipia, bristles. gece ++ Broolucre double or imbricated. a. 181. SconzoNELLA. Pappus of 10 short chaffy scales, Eu long capillary awns. 182. Carats. Pappus of 5 elongated and scarious (often bifid) awned scales, 183. Grogon ye: Pappus very small, liaamdlt. Flowers blue! + - Subtribe. 3. ScóRzoNERE E .—Pappus setose, or plumose. Bopi: not m ^ 4 qa _ 184, SrEPHANOMERIA: Achenia truncate. Pappus plumose. Heads 3-6 lowered. vs 185. RAFINESQUIA. ` Achenia rostrate. Pappus plumose. Heads many-flowered. 186. Leonropon. Achenia fusiform or ie ens ^ rostrate. Pappus plumose. Heads many-flowered. _ , Subtribe 4. Lacrucez. pip capillary, not plumose. Receptacle not chatty. en * Pappus dirty white or tawny, fragile. Achenia not rostrate. "187. ArinGIDIUM. dee Ku in a single series. Heads many-flowered. 188, esy ri Pappus scabrous, in a single oiga Heads 20-many-flow- red Cio P lonis oblong or ok. 189. N cabrous, copio FENS red (ochroleucous ; sage Pappas t din Eae ehe. fada chien. cylindrical. i ^ = cesar cy Pappus scarcely scabrous, very copious, a 5-10-flo mi dnce le), e erect. Achenia linear, elongated. ^ pg Pappus bright white (except in Pyrrhopappus and a single Migiun) ; es x m terete orangled, not evidently — nor rostrate. (= -Br Maia Malagotusuas. dpi ee in & single se erie, an rui. Que bristles sparingly bas- è M P Las d ‘You. ce j rd * e Aa t Em E LI : k * ; D * . . 3 è - 466 . COMPOSITE. . : LAMPSANA. r * 192. Creris. Pa in two or more series, soft, slightly scabrous. Achenia columnar, ies, or checks pointed. 195. Troxmos, Pappus copious and unequal, in several series, rigid. Achenia oblong-linear, scarcely or not at all rostrate. Acaulescent, simple. a + + Achenia terete, ribbed or angled, with a long filiform beak. 194. oe Pier — 2 with about 10 ribs or callous mooth. Aca 195. Taraxacum. slocre double, in E series, Kein striate-angled, usu- muricate. Acau 196, PyRRHoPAPPUS. Seo double, in 2 series, the exterior of spreading sub- late scales. Achenia scabrous, . Caulescent or acaulescent. Pappus fulvous. - Achenia flattened, either compressed or obeompressed. 197. Lactuca. Achenia obcompressed, flat, abruptly produced into a filiform beak ppus very soft and white 198. Murarna: Achenia emp tapering into a short or — D indistinct) beak, Pappu s bright white or tawny. Flow 199. Moran. Achenia compressed, not rostrate, Pappus M icdingiy 4 delicate, e; brigh white. Involucre becoming tumid at the base. Flow yellow —— $ s Subtribe 1. Lampsanes, Less.—Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus none. d ,* p - è 177. LAMPSANA. Tourn. ; Juss. gen. p. 168; DC. prodr. 7. — * Lapsana, Linn.; Gaertn. fr.t.157. ^ x Hajdi 8-12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical- Ga angled’. m involucre 8, erect, in a single series, braeteolilie with one or two minute .scales. Receptacle narrow, naked. Achenia oblong, glabrous, ‘obscure striate, caducous, destitute of pappus.—Slender. ‘branching herbs (natives of the old world), with angulate or toothed leaves, and small loosely paniculate- corymbose heads. Flowers yellow. ` sig e . L. communis (Linn.): annual, somewhat glabrous: ‘lower leaves ovate, se te-toothed, petioled, Den gerd ; involuer ty glabrous, near-. Ps rua the flowe 74 ah - 500; Engl. bot. . 844; Schkuhr, 996. ndb ; Hook. " E: —. Lower Canady ae, sheppard / M^. Percival! Probably introduced ^ from Europe.—Mr. Oak e RN this plant, by the roadside in Cam- . bridge, Massachusetts. Sr rE, {) | 178. APOGON. EU. sk. 2. p. 267 ; DC-yrob 7. p. 78. Heads 10-20-flowered. Scales of the invol ly 8, somewhat in two seres ovate, acuminate, nearly as long as the égrolla, connivent in fruit. _ F ~ Receptacle naked. | Ache enia crite, terete, longitudinally ribbed, — ike ay very minute tl , glabro: m^ nee — Pa" t i k M^ >. E oi APocox. J. COMPOSIT E. 467 (or sometimes very minute and chatiy. DC.)—An annual glabrous orsome- | what glaucous small herb, 4-12 inches high, branched. rom the base ; the branches slender, erect or ascending, bearing 1-3 or several umbellate slender spedicels at the summit, and also frequently in the axils of the cauline leaves, mostly a little hispid near the summit, terminated by single small heads. Radical leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed, the primordial nearly sessile,the others tapering into petioles; cauline lanceo- - late, acute or acuminate, entire, sessile, partly clasping; the uppermost mostly opposite! Flowers yellow. os A, humilis (Ell.! 1. c.)—A. humilis & A. gracilis, DC.! l.c " 7 . lyrata: radical and lo ower Pe leaves enie- oahi all of them). ‘variously irae too or pinnatifid.—A. lyratum, Nutt. / ted aca Philad. 7 ae ie eec sena phil. soc. fal EST 4 p. 424 Serinia cespitosa, ky. AL v. p. 149? (DC. pro odr. 7. South Calia! ed and Florida! to Lodisiana Arkansas! and 2 B. Teva, Drummond! Dr. Hale! Plains of pee Nut- M. Pitcher! &c. Texas, Dr ummond ! April-Ju a aa d the ‘minute chaffy pappus’ in an — nal specimen of A. gra C., nd any appreciable difference in the achenia. ee both E lliot's "and N MN QUNM also, the pedicels are s frequently furnished with gena hairs towa ummit; and the irregular incision of the leaves in the latte is very inconstant, Subtribe 2. T E Less. i: not chaffy. Pappus sim- S d or MN either wholly or partly chaffy, squamellate, or coroniform. 3 179. KRIGIA. Schreb. gen. p. 532; Willd. ; DC. 5 ai 88. Heads 15-30- flowered. Scales of the involucre 6-15, somewhat in a T. double series, equal. ‘Receptacle naked. Achenia turbinate, many-striate, — somewhat 5-angular. Pappus double; the exterior of 5 broad and roun nded scarious chaffy scales; the inner (rarely wanting) of as many slender sca- brous bristles alternating with the scales, and corresponding with the angles of the achenium.—Small annual (North American) herbs, branching from the base ; the mostly lyrate or toothed leaves radical or nearly so; the naked ‘branches or scapes long and slender, simple, prone by solitary small eads. Flowers yellow. $1. Brisiles of the. pappus more or less exceeding the chafly scales, but not : Y. ond than the terete achenium, sometimes entirely wanting : scales of the “involucre 5-8, with a strong midrib, erect and earinate-navicular i in fruit.— Crmsia. - K. occidentalis (Nutt.) : scapes ~ very numerous from the sa s Qin. simple, leafless, hispid ; either entire or lyrate; cag nus with the lamina or terminal A pu or roundish ; pe innermost la iis mm M kaniy oai achenia equally ma any-ribbed, cì iolate-scabrous on the . ribs which correspond with the bristles of the inner pappus, very minutely » y A Da! * a WS 468 " COMPOSITE: -Katai - reticulate-rugose bet ansverse lines.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. - 104, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c. p. 427. B. mutica: bristles of inner pappus altogether eigen. Arkansas, Nut Dr. Leavenworth! as, under 164.)—Scarcely a span high arlier radical pun ae in die not unlike those of Cardamine bellidifolia, sometimes lyrate-pinnatifid with eral divisions ; the later ones much d of two of the in- . e of tw volucral "eus are usually 2-3-nerved, and 2-3-carinate in fruit.—Except as to the: pappus, the var. 8. is not distinguishable from the ordinary form. § 2. Bristles of the pappus much longer than the pentangular achenium: scales of the involucre 10-18, linear-lanceolate, nearly nerveless, spreading in fruit-—Evuxrieta. | 2. K. Virginica (Willd.) : scapes at length severa P et y and m mitay P especially near the apex ; €— somewhat glaucous ; the primary orbicular or spatulate, mostly entire; the s pinga spatulate- oblong or pes eola te E or nat- -pinn mati an Willd. spec. 3. p. 1618 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 197 ; Ell. sk. 9. p. 264; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 289 ; Darlingt / fi. "Oa p.440; DC.! De H yoseris IU gente d ; Lam spec. 9. p. 809 am jour. hist. nat. 1. p. 23, 12 Michz.! fl. 2. p Cynthia. Virginica, Beck, bot. p. 169, not of Don E dich — dies more caulescent s stems — branched ae > coy —K. dichotoma, Nutt.! l.c.; DC.!l.c. Hyoseris ramosissim pera fl. Phi lad. Dry sandy cepe and rocks (rarely in wet places), Canada! to Louis- iana! and Tex May-Aug.—Scapes 1-10 inches high. Flowers deep yello Asheniat minutely hispid-scabrous on the "inpia —'The var. 8. isa ante state of the species.—Dwarf Dandelion 3. K. Caroliniana (Nutt.): gd por or gerer slightly and qe p often somewhat hispid at the s ; primary leaves linear- anceolate, acute at each Eu en fe or Mk d bé ot r two divaricate bes on each side; the Eoeeedins rad pinnis fid runcinate, or incised, acute or obtuse.—7 Lc; Ell. l c; DC.! l c. Hyoseris Caroliniana, So Walt. Car. p.1 erae + lep lla: ; a all linear-lanceolate, acuminate, either entire o; with Ae or two slender divaricate lobes on each side.—K. leptophy lia, : Carolina! to Florida, Alabama! and Texas! Feb.-May.—Scapes 1-12 inches high. Leaves very variable as to size, incision, &c. i Uncertain species. 4. K. montana (Nutt. e): very glabrous, procumbent ; leaves lanceolate E e spac), entire; pappus double ; the exterior minute chaffy e" the bristles few. Mic ichz.— H yoseris montana, Miche. 4 2. P: . On the highest mountains of North Carolina, Michauz. - CYNTHIA. Don. in Edinb. phil. jour. 12. p. 305; Less. ; DC. s Heads here einen Scales of the involucre 12-15, linear-lanceolate, . equal, Receptacle Ioiak many -striate, n0t * us. ^ pinnatifid or Ft radical leaves not at all consta . CYNTHIA. — - 469 rostrate. Pappus double; the exterior + of numerous very small chaffy squamelle ; the inner of numerous capillary and scabrous somewhat decidu- ous bristles—Perennial nearly glabrous and somewhat glaucous (North . American) herbs; with very smooth undivided or pinnatifid leaves: the scapes or peduncles slender, mostly glandular-hispid at the summit, and bearing single middle-sized heads. Flowers bright yellow. $1. Caulescent, somewhat branched above: root not tuberiferous : peduncles subumbellate : achenia oblong, slightly narrowed towards the base.—Ev- cyNTHIA, DC. (excl. char. invol. calycul) (Luthera, Schultz.) C. Virginica (Don, l. c.): leaves oval, spatulate-oblong, or oblong- tu. ; the radical on short winged petioles, angulate-denticulate, sinu- ate-toothed, somewhat lyrate, or ocasional] y deeply p the cauline 1-2, claspin tiostly entire ; P ser s 2-5, elong —JDC. ! l. c.—C. am. pleticaulia, Beck ! bot. p. » Daten it Bia Post p.441. C. Grifftbii, Nutt.! in jour. a Phila Ts s Tragopogon Virgi — Linn. spec. 2. 789. Hyoseris a cedi Michz. ! p. 87. H. biflora, Walt. Car. p.1 RO RCUUE Willd. spec [s p 1516. Troximon Virginicum, Pos. syn. 2. p. 360; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 505. Krigia amplexicaulis, Nutt. / gen. 9. p. 127; Ell. p 2. p.966. Luthera . p. 257. r moist sandy soil, &c., New York! Michigan! and from Lake Winipeg (Dr. Houghton!) to Kentucky! ng the upper part of Carolina! and Georgia! May-July.—Stem 1-2 feet high, sometimes once or twice ves either by a single small bracteant leaf, or by 2 unequal ae nearly opposite bracts. Achenia glabro Pappus strongly pay us.—The state with §2. Acaulescent : roots tuberiferous : scapes naked, simple: achenia taper- to the base, somewhat turbinate—Apvorogon, DC. (not of Neck. ?) C. Dandelion (DC.! 1. c.) : scapes usuall ys lfi same root ; Soie -— andina g; the others Fuisse elongated, mostly acute, either entire, repand-denticulate, remotely sinuate-toothed, or iteinizte-eübplmat the t lobes on cg side.—C. Dandelion x C. Bose i, DC. !l.c. C.lyrata, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 69. dispo "Dandelium, Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1111 (pl. Gronov. !); Willd. l.c. "Troximon Dan note ion, Pers. l.c. Hyose pip oe $ i Walt. l.c. H. angustifolia, Michx. fl. 2. p. 87; Pursh, 1 c. Dandelion, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 127; Ell. l. e B. l very narrowly linear and attenuated, either entire or sparingly laciniate-pinnatfd.—Krig a Caroliniana, Hook. ! in compan. to bot. mag. 1. pP- 100, not of Nutt. ye se esie and uer. leaves either remotely sinuate-pin- natifid or entire; the upper cauline somewhat opposite.—Hyose oe Michz. fl. 2. p f. w grounds and fields, Maryland ! and Virginia! to Alabama! Louis- ort Arkansas! and Texas! y. Wet rocks at Tulaloo Falls, and dou eorgia, Mr. Buckley ! Marche May. “Hy, 6-15 inches high: som of dd leaves often apes ME Roots fi the extremity. Achenia pesci "Exterior squamellate pappus always present; the bristles of e inner minutely ars Pi s : * 470 COMPOSITE. fv Cxrimil which has remarkably narrow leaves, passes into the ves Xe sat, from which C. Boscii, DC. is in no way distinguishable. The ingu- lar and probably local form.—The leaves in this and the ka i y genera are exceedingly variable in their outline, dini &c., upon which no . dependence can be placed for specific characters. r 181. SCORZONELLA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.)7 p. 426. Head many-flowered. Scales of the cylindraceous-ovoid involucre imbri- _ cated in 3-4 series, ovate, conspicuously acuminate, membranaceo-charta- ceous, nearly aslong asthe corolla. Receptacle flattish, alveolate. Achenia mewhat quadrangular, not attenuate at the apex, many- (10-14-) striate, smooth, obscurely pubescent or glabrous. Pappus of 10 (or rarely fewer) very small and coriaceous ovate chaffy scales, somewhat in two se- ries, which are entire or obscurely denticulate at the apex, each tipped with a very long and capillary scabrous awn.—Perennial nearly glabrous herbs (natives of Oregon); with the habit of Scorzonera: the stems several from. the same fusiform or tuberous root, sheathed below the membranous dilated bases of the (usually laciniately pinnately parted) leaves, simple or spar- ingly branched, naked. ~ ced and terminated by solitary heads. Corolla yellow. i The scales of the pere are certainly distinet, not united at the base into a cup, as described by Nuttal . S. laciniata (Nutt.! l. c.) : slightly puberulent ; leaves pinnately parted : t dis segments long and slender, linear-subfiliform; scalesof the involucre im- bricated in 3-4 series, all acu c» sm from a SON base; scales of the pap- m . Bor.- Am. 1. p. 301. s ovate.—H Plains of the Oregon, from the Rock cem a to the ocean, Dougla as! h ous squamellate portion of the pappus se design M Ac shorter than the ache- nium ; the bristles about twice the length of the Verl 2. S. leptosepala (Nutt. 1. c.): leaves pinnately ec scales of the in- volucre in two vi the exterior about 5, ovate; the inner 8, lanceolate, Mibddodte i scales of the pappus ped rar Hia With the Stecediny, and scarcely distinguishable from it,'except by the in- : volucre, Nuttall.—This is enti irely unknown to us. 8. S. glauca (Nutt. 1. c.): leaves linear-acuminate, canaliculate, glaucous. —Hymenonema? glaucum, Hook. l.c - Oregon, at Fort Vancouver, Mr. Ga arry, ex Hook.—This is a doubtful € only known by the brief character given by Hooker 182. CALAIS. DC. prodr. 7. p. 85. (excl. syn.) Uropappus, Nutt. 3 : Head potra Involucre p double; the scales lance- ; : ; xterior 3-6 more or less calyculate ; Carais. | : COMPOSIT. 471 the interior 8-12 somewhat i in 2 series, rather longer than the flowers. Re- ceptacle flat, naked. Achenia terete, slender, attenuate at the summit or rostrate, striate; the minute ribs scabrous. Pappus of 5 linear-lanceolate l-nerved scarious scales (which are at length convolute around the corolla) ; the midrib produced into a minutely scabrous awn.—Annual nearly glabrous (Californian) herbs, simple or sparingly branched near the base; the scapi- form stems mostly exceeding the linear and attenuated entire or sparingly pinnatifid leaves, naked and fistulous above, terminated by a single head. Corolla yellow. § 1. Achenia scarcely rostrate; the exterior (Nutt.) (the inner, ex Hoo Arn.) hirsute with appressed hairs ; the others scabrous: the chaffy scales of the pappus dilated at the base, Ka gradually into the long awn: invo- lucre more evidently calyculate.—Evucauais, DC. (Uropappus $ lied carpa, Nutt.) C. Douglasii (DC.! c.): scapose, somewhat hairy when young; ilh linear-lanceolate, idis or remotely Ds chen with the lobes linear and short (pappus reddish, De +) OF MI conn vg — Hook. & Arn - bet; dolle. The ch NAME. given by Hooker & Arnott phe soria ce fe ti " pappi paleis appresse villosis.” § 2. Achenia all RRE E and glabrous, or into a short beak, the angles minutely muricate-scabrous: chaffy scales of the pappus bifid at the apex; the midrib produced between the teeth into an awn of variable length: exterior involucral scales unequal.—Caxocatais, DC. (Uropappus § Calocalais, Nutt.) - C. linearifolia (DC.! 1. c.): scapose or caulescent; leaves linear, elon- 1 ) patsa, ciliate with soft hairs when young, often puber erulent, as well as the stem, eith ntire, remotel queni or e lower uen ees . H of . Lindleyi, florus! U. linearifolius! & Ü. Lindleyi, Nutt. alifornia, Douglas! Nuttall/—Plant 10-14 inches high; the long dini peduncles very fistu ous. The capillary awn much shorter than the chaff of the pappus; one ft beyond $e cleft. Nuria Uropappus grandiflorus is exactly the Dos ug-. lasian C. line is U. Lindleyi is founded merely on the character of — his V. ‘aneevifoliue i is a state with raha smaller heads, &e. 183. CICHORIUM. Tourn.; Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 157; DC. prodr. 7. p- f: Heads chiefly many-flowered. Involucre double; the exterior of about 5 short spreading scales; the inner of 8-10 scales. Achenia somewhat com pressed, striate, glabrous. Pappus of numerous very small chaffy Ea deum. * 5 » 479 .—— COMPOSITE. CICHORIUM. in 1-2 series.—Branching herbs (natives of the old world), with the radical leaves toothed or runcinate; the heads axillary and nearly sessile, or termi- nating the branches. Flowers bright blue, sometimes varying to white. . C. Intybus (Linn.) : lower-leaves runcinate, hispid-scabrous on the cari- ük midrib; the cauline small, oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, sinuate- cec r nearly entire; those of the branches inconspicuous; heads most! on Mese — Engl. bot. t. 538; Schkuhr, handb. t. = pa i 2. 2 496 -1 fl. Bor.--Am. 1. p. 296 ; Darlingt: jl. Cest. eques quibiis naturalized in Canada! and the Niches and Middle ans Aug.-Sept.—2{ Flowers showy.— Wild Succory. Subtribe 3. SconzowEREx, Less.—Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus of chaffy or stout bristles, which are dilated at the base, or else plumose. 184. STEPHANOMERIA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. 7. p. 427. Heads 3-6-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, composed of 3-5 oblong-linear one-nerved equal scales, and of a few short calyculate scales at the base. VEU Pappus (white) of 15-24 plumose filiform bristles (which are gradually but slightly stouter towards the base), in a single series.—Diffuse and much branched rather rigid and glaucescent herbs (natives of the sterile plains, &c- on both sides of the Rocky Mountains), with the aspect of Chondrilla ; the lower leaves linear and often runcinate ; those of the nearly naked branches minute and bract-like, linear-subulate, entire. Heads small, solitary, termi- nating the branchlets. Flowers rose-color. " These plants have exactly the habit of Lygodesmia ; from which they chiefly differ in their plumose pappus. j 1. Perennial: roots thick and often tortuous: heads 5-6-flowered. nor (Nutt.! 1. wake branches somewhat striate; leaves linear-subu- — Le heads 5-flowered —Prenanthes ? tenuifolia, Torr. / wt . lyc. New York, 2. b MA not of Spren ng. Lygodesmia minor, Hook.! fl. Bor.- . 1. p. 205 3, Plains and hills of the ma gen near the Wellawallah, &c. Douglas Nuttall! Plains of the Platte, Dr. James !—Ju uly-Aug.—A foot or more 1n height. Ache strongly silente sometimes very obscurely wrinkled or rugose, probably sm and even when mature. Pappus of 16-24 beauti- fully Bites bristles. lt = S. runcinata (Nutt.! 1. c.) : branches flexuous, somewhat striate ; radical e leaves runcinate, more or less pubescent when young; se of the fertile branches linear or subulate, the lower often 1-2-toothed ; 3 red.—Prenanthes runcinatum, James, in Long’s K preds 5-6- erpea. paucifora, Torr.! in ann. lyc. New York, 9. p.910. S. runcinata " - heterophylla, Nutt. ! l. c. Plains of the Piste at the base of the Rocky Mountains, Dr. James? esc ! Sandy Creek, one of the sources of the Colo- uly- Aug.— Plant 4-8 inches high. & f STEPHANOMERIA. * COMPOSITE. 473 § 2. Annual: heads 3—5-flowered. 3. S. paniculata (Nutt.! 1. aisi _Stems stout, erect, striate, virgate, bearing numerous short paniculate flowering branches; cauline leaves linear, the lower often “ee or sagittate at oA base; those of the branches minute ; 5-flowered. tie of 1 de Rocky Mountains, near the Colorado of the West, Nuttall ! —S p r more in height. Heads smaller and more slender than in the wing: terminal and lateral, and subsessile along the branchlets. Achenia 5- Se n scu rugose. Bristles of the pappus 15~20, grayish, at zeunke brow - S. exigua (Nutt. ! l.c.) : diffusely much branched, the branches slender; radical wik runcinate- -pinnatifid ; Nd of the branches reduced to minute — apapa 3—4- (sometimes 5-) flowered. of the Rocky Mountas widi the preceding, Nuttall !—Heads still cad than in S. paniculata, scarcely a line in diameter, 3-4 lines in length. 185. RAFINESQUIA. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p.429. Heads many-flowered. Scales of the cylindraceous involucre about 15, somewhat in 2 series, linear-acuminate from a broadish base, with scarious margius, subtended by a few short and spreading calyculate scales or bracts. Receptacle naked, punctieulate. Achenia terete, nearly even, smooth or the exterior minutely scabrous-pubescent, with the basilar aedi terminal, tapering above into a long filiform beak. Pappus of 12-15 uniform slender and fragile plumose bristles, nearly in a single series, deciduous.—An annual - corymbosely much branched glabrous herb, with the aspect of a Sonchus. eaves runcinate or lyrately pinnatifid, clasping, lanceolate ; those of the branches small. Heads rather large, terminating the fastigiate minutely bracteate een Flowers white. R. Californica (Nutt. ! 1. c.) o, California, near the coast.—Stem 2-3 feet high, terete, purplish. and becoming conical, as in - owers fugacious, centre of the ligule £ Achenium shorter than the very slender and nearly ooth beak. vai é Arten pnr 186. LEONTODON. Linn. (excl. spec.); Juss. ; Koch, syn. p. 418. Involucre scarcely rd ; the exterior or ries. ; que eptac cle naked, unctate striate, transversely rugulose, Pappus persistent, composed of scariose-dilated at the base, or the exterior short and aa perennial (chiefly European) herbs; with radical, toothed, or pinnatifid ves. Flowers white. vou. 11.—60 Py 47 C reum COMPOSITA: Lroxronos. $ Scapes usually branched: involucre obconical, many- traeteaiatis achenia orm: pappus a single series of (dirty white or tawny) equal plumose bristles, which are lanceolate-thickened at the base. —Oporinia, Don, DC. * : 1. L. autumnale (Linn.): root premorse, fibrose; leaves more or less pm pinnatifid ; peduncles sciret ne thickened at the some and. furnished with small scaly bracts; involucre reta more or less pubescent.— Koch, syn. fl. Germ. & Helv. p. 418. Hedypnois autumnalis, Huds.; Engl. bot. " v9 Apargia autumnalis, or Schkuhr, handb. t. 220; Pursh, fl. 2 497; Bigel.! fl. Bost. Hoo Bor.- Am. 1. P, 996. "Dporitta autumnalis, Don, i in ind. phil. jour. 6. (1829) ; Beck, bot. p. ode DC. ! jit 7. p.1 Newfoundland, Pylaie! Mr. Cormack! pe Hibe native. Naturalized in pastures and roa i eng "hé eastern part of. the New England tates! Au ug.-Oct Subtribé 4. LacrUcExE, Cass. (Lactucee & Hieraciez, Less., DC-)— Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus capillary ; the bristles mostly soft or fragile, not dilated or thickened at the base, nor plumose. 187. APARGIDIUM. . Head many-flowered. Scales of the campanulate-cylindrical involucre narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, strongly one-nerved ; the inner nearly in a single series; the exterior few, short and subulate-bracteolate. Receptacle aked. "Tube of the corolla villous. Immature achenia oblong, slightly obcompressed, glabrous, not ribbed, nor attenuated at either end. Pappus of copious rather rigid and fragile barbellate-denticulate capillary bristles, , nearly in a single series, scarcely thickened downwards, brownish.—A slen- t = iferous roots, and narrowly linear-lanceolate obscurely denticulate leaves, arising from a short caudex. Head solitary, on an elongated naked scape, : at first nodding. Flowers light yellow. A. bore eale.—Apargia re Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, in mem. addi Si. Petersb. l. c. p. 1 Leontodon boreale, DC. ! prodr. 7. p. 102. Crepis borealis, C. H. Schultz, ina Poe Siteha, Bongard! Oregon, Mr. Tolmie '—Scape longer than the leaves, -, Slender, 4-12 inches high Le es 2 id h ends, te, one-nerved, furnished, with here and there a slight retrorse tooth, some- what petioled e ut as large as ai on = the iere erect. Mature achenia un s is neither pappus plumose nor white, padeecrihed by og bur lamers barbellate and den- ticulate, and dull ae er 188. HIERACIUM. eia Linn. ; Gaertn. fr. t. 158; Schkuhr, Le handb. t. 221; DC. prodr. 7. p. 202. Heads many-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated, or only in of whic * o * * pem der glabrous acaulescent perennial herb ; with fibrous-fasciculate often tuber- — | series, h = outer is t and somewhat T 2 id i Micha: ! fl. 2. p. 86 ; Monnier! ess. Hier. p. 37. H. virgatum, fasciculatu ri, HIERACIUM. J COMPOSITÆ. 475 o AA snwhignlains or slightly alveolate-fimbrillate. ^ Achenia ob- long or columnar, often subclayate, rarely fusiform, striate or ribbed, not rostrate. Pappus consisting of a single series of persistent but very fragile denticulate-scabrous bristles, brownish-white or fuscous.—Per- ' "ennial herbs (chiefly of the northern hemisphere); with entire or toothed . leaves, many of the European species stoloniferous; the softer pubescence . often stellate; the bristly hairs frequently glandularordenticulate. Flowers yellow, very rarely orange or white. $1. Involuere imbricated : achenia usually tapering towards the base, but never towards the summit (heads commonly rather large. )—E UHIERACIUM. 1. H. alpinum (Linn.) : stem bearing about a single leaf and a solitary ventricose head ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire or somewhat toothed, bear- ing both villous and glandular hairs; scales of the involucre, rather loose, Prodr pes pubescent externally.— Engl. bot. t. 1119; Frol. Lin DC. m" à no sp. in herb. Greene.) —' The H. pusjjlom, Pursh ! (fl. 2. p. 502), =. this er ets suggests may be only a diminutive "Mein. of i Mee. and which is therefore referred to that species Dy E. Dickson n) to be p pras alpinu - H. vulgatum (Fries): stem erect, somewhat flexuous, naked a PLA at the summit; leaves de the’ te iier at both ends gd the [or obscurely] toothed, entire towards x, pet Gioled; Ko ore dnvolucre obtuse, hirsute and glanduliferous; pappus pier white. Fries, cs = = uec. ed. e op: ^y (H. sylvaticum, = I - 1113, a ak of _ Linn. l. &c.) a rum a, Linn, i o Pries e) Rb molle, ci ond ! 45.9: hne eem ipt of EA H. «ie cmo p ht. in dix ` 10. p. 87 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am Greenlan d, Fries. Labrador; E ease) Henne, ex’ Schlecht. Point Levi, Lower Canada, Mrs. Sheppard, ex Hook. (if we have bog refer- Pam the synonym.)—A variable species, allied to H. sylvaticum uror bosdi resembling in size and form t -— of H. molle with (Cii bideradioides, Waldst. & Kit.), for which Pursh mist . H. grenonthoigia (Vill.): stem simple, strict, leafy, corymbose at the E adi leav mbranaceous, denticulate, ciliate, reticulated and glau- t. Suec. ed. 2 yg - Greenland, Fries. (A ae variety, not ies ‘and Mn Be a aves varying — cordate to ovate-oblong, lanceolate, and lingulate, alway acute. Frie 4. H. Canadense (Michx.): stem erect, simple or sparingly branched above, Jealy ; leaves — lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute, sparingly pu- airy, especially on the midrib a en E brous, diii ciliolate, remotely and often incisslyulenjate with a few and spreading or divaricate teet r obtuse at the base, often e- what auriculate and partly clasping; head (showy) corymbose ; r ; involucre .. brous; the exterior subulate scales mostly spreading in "n the others ends po * * - * — nd veins beneath, or nearly gla- — jr ye E^ = : Bor.-Am. 1. p. 300, excl. syn. 476. ! . COMPOSITJE! ~. Hiemacmm. & macrophyllum, — D, 2. p. 504. H. ges Spr p. syst. 3. p. 646; Bigel.! fl. Bost. 2. i” Bos; Torr. ! compend.; a eai " H. Canadense? os (but these .are described geo en speci- .mens, which probably belong to 'H. Sabattdum or H. sylv ots. 3 enn folium, & Sabaudum £. Canadense, Frol. P "DC. Pa pn nien. the size and breadth of the leaves, &c.; a d distinguishable, but not definitely so, into tbe two following pose wo r Norther the state nearly ADpIR Ue the europaen ; H. umbellatum the het H. we = "Sabaul m, &c. angustifo us: leaves varying from grade to A lanceolate. — k M ‘umbellatum, Richards. appx. Frankl. jouen p. 99 ; Hook. ! . Canadense 6. scabruum, Schoen! in s he: exped. a appr. es scabusculam, Schwein itz f l.c 4E | er.) 7 . 446 ^ the upper frequently somewhat indem the —H. ma opis (7 Pursh,l.c. H. prenant : es, It id pd: Dry soil in open places, from eene ! and Western New York! to Canada! Lake Superior! &c. (chiefly " B.); extending (var. a.) north. to lat. 66? on Mackenzie River, Richa S ! Drummond ! and west to Oregon ? July-Aug.—Stem 1-2 feet high, stout, either slightly pubescent, . or glabrous below and scabrous- -puberulent above, the peduncles downy ; or else hirsute, with the dow wny peduncles upisi: hispid with brownish bris- tles: the close downy pubescence s tellas iei bristly hairs denticulate- scabrous under a lens. Heads pre Ta rge involucre either gets slightly pubescent, or sometimes sparingly be is ee with bristly and somewhat glandular hairs. Leaves thickish and rou ughish line ne plant Finis in exposed situations, rather thin and smooth when in shad § 2. Involucre cylindrical ; the inner scales in a single series ; the others dn _ and short, calculate: achenia columnar or fusiform! (heads small, 20-30- | flowered : br ristly hairs when present scabrous-serrate or denticulate under a lens.) —S'rENoTHECA, Monnier. Sear & species of Hibracium, Monnier. Species of Aracium, Neck. ? * Natives of Eastern North America. si panulate many- (40 owered involucre cinereous-tomentose and densely UD curan P mew aeiia columnar, not gme aen - i leze ! fl. p. 86; Pursh, fl. 9. Monnier, l. c. p» 31; ee Lain DC. cue H. Marianum, Willd. Lith herb. Nit in rena Bl. 7 e; ur bor Bost "x 2. p. 288 (at least in part). H. Gronovii 8. Hook ee . from Northern Canada ! to oan Kentucky * on es of this section. The w i inis i is ed peduncles divaricate), and thet b PNE with brownish irs as well as with a close tomen - MN um es e *—- PU "NUM . te a Hieracium. "E. mee 477 ‘the base, naked and las n ei. towards the stimmit, bearing a small racemose panicle; the lower portion, and both sides of the oblon ng-laneolate or spatulate-lanceolate entire leaves densely clothed throughout with very long . and strict slender —€—— e spreading at length subeorymbose peduncles, 20-30-flowered involucre, cinereous-pubescent or tomentose and glandular- aki pid achenia fiisiform, attenuated at the summit!—Torr.! in Hook. fl: 298. (note indetti: Scouleri, 1833.) H. eri: iat Nutt. ! in xw id. "Phila. = Ex 70 (1834), & in trans. Amer. phil. so eum opas uu ries and o wide] om Michigan! to Illinois! Missouri mur : apia eaii to pr Rocky Mountains, according to Nuttall. July-Sépt.—Stem 15-30 inches high, very strict. Leaves 3-6 inches long, , an inch or less in width, aparing í the 2e mostly crm Ty the uppermost reduced to bracts. Inflor early as in H. scabrum ; the heads smaller than in that species, but tae ger tha is usua st fn H. Gronovii. Scales of the Say ubulate. Achenia scarcely as much rebel above as in Gronovii. The ripa bairs which so spac distinguish this plant, whi ch are. shen whitish or brownish, are all ascending, shaggy, but straight and even, as if combed, and are frequently an inch in length! They are slightly dilated or papilliform at she oe and are de nticulate werd a lens, as in all =e species of this section.— should not have dee it proper to restore e name under which this egal plant was € indicated, ar not fully escribir were it not probable that the H. barbatum of and ee bach will continue a distinct t species, and deiner nna a na i (Linn.): stem virgate, ets and ery Pan VPE . H. Gro ): naked and beater: doof towards the su mit, forming an elongated ntire or denticulate, liac fonsjeig. pale, villons-hitwates t e; or partly clasping ; the slender peduncles and the base of the involucre more or less hispid with gionis po duret "mie and almost rostrate ! Mi —Linn.! spec. l. c., as to pl. ; 7 (8. foliosum) ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 503 ; Ell. sk. 2 » 263 k.! fl. Bor p (var. a e - me o € «eR , Willd., Frel. in DC., &. H. foliis rad. obvers s, &c., Gronov.! fl. Virg. p. 114. H. Marianum JU pgs Gallice folio, Pluk. see Fs 162, t. 420, f. 2. sd dierum iar spec. pia om least partly!) ; Frel./ in DC. 1 ; Nutt. ! . Amer. phil. soc. c. p. A Stenotheca Mariana, MA one ier, Hier we 79. "P JA- b. bnudum : stem slender, with one or few leaves near the base, naked and often glabrous above.—H. subnudum, Frol. l: c? (herb. DC. ! partly.) Stenotheca subnuda, Monnier, l. c. t. 2. f. A, no. 5 (fruit y. hirsutissimum : stem (except the enin and leaves strongly hirsute | ille suti with very long shaggy hairs, arising from small pa Dry Serile soil, common from Canada! to Florida ! Louisiana! Arkan Í n and Western States! July-Sept.—The P ie f and . and eerie délire the — base of the stem, and the achenia y e “so that they might be termed T E dangai the de rate forms of this aies from e more robust states ave on . = em a specimen of what appears to be a E mies of this species, wak ` pappus pure white when young, ii therefore in every respect with the Biertoier of Cre inn.): stem or scape naked or with a single leaf, gla- S oe dn E ete sler er , several times dichotomous, forming a diffuse compound | corymb (t : divisions subtended by dapbulate bract) $ aie leaves shanti £ NH Š > Mi 478 COMPOSITE. ` Hieracium. or spatulate-oblong, entire or obscurely denticulate slightly dec ork and pale, often purplish and glaucous beneath with , the margins and ati lly the midrib beneath siluis, tbe siae often gla- . brous; the filiform divar pos peduncles and bas er spec. 2. p. 800; Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1570 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 502; Ell. sk. 2. p. 962 ; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 997 ; Darlingt. ! JA. Cest. p. ui; Frol. ! in DC. prodr. .917.. Stenotheca venosa, Monnier p.7 B. subcgulemeng': stem more or less leafy near the imo; the aliai varying from ovate to ps contem sessile or slightly clas - ng.—H. Gronovii, Linn.! herb., & spec. 2. p.802, as to char. (not as syn. Gronov. ! Willd.! l. c. ;. Micha. fi. 2. p. 87 (var. a.) ; Monnier, p c: p. 30; Fral. ! in In ary "ii; pine woods, &c., Canada! — Saskatchawan ! to Kentucky! and the upper portion of Georgia ! &c.: most, abundant in the Northern and . New England States! May-Ju uly. .—Scape tLe feet high. nee radical leaves appressed to the ground, T! hirsute res the cauline when present at length Piona, ‘Heads about 20-flowere ae. the ligules eed i} a ga on m 2 2 3 — 3 d oO Lac] ° (a gz = =] Q — = .Rm —_ un e i: e un e xc] — zc oO 5 4 ge i=] eo o is) c o =] et mn imen i with this name: we hae not whence he obtained the character, ** scapo crassissimo." — Hawk-weed. SNC PAPER (One of the reputed anti- dotes to the bite of venomous s N $ 9 H paniculatum (Linn.): stem slender, leafy, anae: villous to- ^ — wards the base ; leaves lanceolate or oval-lanceolat ate, acute at e ach end, que ticulate, Fossile; membranaceous, glabrous; panicle diffuse, poe co |, dichotomous ; the slender filiform branches and peduncles d vatideló nearly glabrous, as well as the (few) scales of the 12-20-flowered involucre ; achenia short, not at all contracted at the apex.— Linn. ! spec. 2. Mi 2. p. 86; Pursh, l.c.; Hook.! l.c.; Darlingt.! fi. Cest. p. 447; Prol. lin DC. prodr. 7. p. 22% Woodlands, Canada! and Northern States ! to the mountains of fere -Sept.—Heads smaller than in DI per eet of the genus: the in- * ug. : voluere of — scales even than H. v ; but the sil as inthe . proper Hier * * Natives of Oregon and the North West Coast. 10. H. triste (Willd. Md: stem snis simple, bearing one or leaves, and few or several r r panieulate heads; leaves dud spatulate, entire or obscurely dehtizglaia, eos or nearly glabrous, a into slender pet ioles ; the upper ase sige te sit peduncles, the su E of the stem, and eee ially the involuc s-woolly and hirsute vit long bro: wnish h irs (which are i eiiim: glanduliferous) ; achenia oblong, not narrowed at ey Che ME preng.! syst. 3. p. 640. . triste & H. -—— eum, Frel. in DC. prodr. 7. p. 209. H. gracile, Hook. ! fl. Bor.- (bon, _ not of Frel. in DC. l.c. p. 231. H. Hookeri , Steud. nomenc.’ d; 2 Tas Unalaschka, Norfolk Sound, &c. Chamisso! Northern and higher Rocky E enn, Drummond !—A span to a foot or more high. Heads e ci > large as in H. venosum : the ligules ere short. Involucre &c. remarkably clothed with long grayish-brown hai 9 i (Hook.) : AD^ paniculate-branched, either smooth a Tomi the base, or hispid with di vuicntipe prn ding sone bri d ; leaves ves lanceolate-bloag,, acute or mostly + di -o w of 2 prekur » * Hieracium. - -* COMPOSITÆ. | 479. . entire, sessile or nearly so, p with spreading hairs; panicle compound ; bout 20-flowered) involucre more or less glan- : k.! the erect peduncles and the (a dular-hispid ; Sy * emp not narrowed at the summit.—Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. Nootka, and : e mouth of the Oregon, Dr. Scouler! On the Wahla- met, Nuttall.—A foot high, clothed with fuscous or brownish bristly hairs (distinctly denticu let under a lens), like those of H. longipilum, except that are much shorter and spreading. Heads small; the in raper spari ng- ly calyculate, clothed with cid ed giandoliferons hatte in specimens nearly glabrous.— We suppose that the apog imen from. Pe anii vania, mentioned by Hooker, belotips to H. Gro H. albiflorum (Hook.): stem simple, naked and glabrous above, bear- ng, hi small and sessile; peduncles short, diva iis minutely cu near] glabrous; the scarcely cel ate involucre very sparingly ute with slender brist stly hairs; echenia solnmners c» nar rawodsiet ^ ga ummi e owers white !—Hoo k. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.998; Nutt.! in trans. Amer T: soc. l. c. p- 446. AU pine woods in the Rocky Mountains. north of Smoking River, lat. 56°, ond! Also ar sii d. ort Vancouver, mero Nuttall.—Stem 1-3 feet le. Heads about M largo as in H. ve t Obscure or little-known species. - H.? Kalmii — e m eint dora — po^ lanceolate, othe dci tomen ( erect, in H. Sabau Leaves inch alternate, pateni. ini. náked, acumi- us. nc and one-flowered, whitis —— small, terminal, erect.) Linn.! spec. 2 ; not of Spreng. neithe Monnier (under the ubi "of coc rnt nor of. Less. (under hae name of is.) > nosy ai eig (v. in herb. Linn. )—Heads and flowers about as ` y lin linear, iid, ies y ingle serie: it r nes. Corolla teed d yellow. Receptacle qeu aries similar in in the least aas = i the summit. Pappus idm series of fragi - ro e rce w speci ved; plant itio: is dicis allied to eere and i Padodite is not o therefore have not introduced it into our Flora. of the stem —— es long 14. tu pee leaves and base e cutee nches divaricate, with long culate, the bra res sn Seok oth pedicels; leaves oblong or oblong Tanceolate “all incisely : ^ + * ` -480 COMPOSITÆ. ; Hieracium. and sharply toothed, acute; the siae few gni: sessile; involucre small, mm. d bracteolate, sm ooth and bl ackish-green, of few scales in about 2 am a achenia not aenuat at the summit; divers 2 Nut rans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 44 i ara, California, Nuttall. —This plant i is ene to us}. and only a iain DM was collected. " s 189. NABALUS. Cass. dict. 34. p. 94 (1825) ; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 293. Harpalyce, Don (1829), not of DC.—Species of Prenanthes, Linn. Heads several-(5-30-) flowered. Involucre cylindrical, of 5-14 linear scales in a single series, and calyculate with several short accessory scales. Receptable naked. Branches of the style much exserted. Achenia linear- oblong, cylindraceous, striate or grooved, smooth, not contracted at the apex. Pappus of copious straw-color or brownish scabrous capillary bristles, some- what fragile——Perennial (North American) herbs; the erect leafy stem arising from a fusiform simple or branched tuber, which is extremely bitter to the taste. Leaves entire, or variously lobed. Head racemose or pani- ‘culate, usually nailing: Flowers whitish, ochroleucous, cream- prier purplish $1 Heads pendulous: involucre calyculate, few-several-. Puce, po ee or less hairy). tepe very variable i in the same grier MC as to s ap^ ifo a se Cass. s. in dict. sci- : nat. 5. Dear alba, Linn.! p. 383, & spec. l c (ex TA Michx 2.p ; Bot. mag. t el ursh, l. €. 5 Bigel. fl Bost 2. p. 986 (pariy); Darlings fl. Cest. p. 444 (partly). ad suavis, ` d. P. rubicunda, Willd. ! spec. 3. p- 1537 e herb.). excl. syn. EE p aA ovata, & proteophylla, Riddell l. Chondrilla alba, Lam. : B. ria: cauline leaves. on slender petioles, deeply sinuate-pinna- ed, the terminal lobe S-clefi c often sparsolie ciliate with rough - r 2. p. 499, t Harpalyce States! to the Upper ‘Missi iwipsi and. the Mountains of the Southern States Aug.-Sept.—A stouter plant than N. altissimus; the stem m sometimes sporo | a Leaves very variable, pale beneath; the margins mostly so us Heads half an tate or more ein le ngth. Achenia ia searely siate A^ " 2 vy illl ! maa sind ^ (Hook.) : glabrous or nearly so; stem virgate s Jeaves ra ND ` ‘ $5 33) all petite, eith r undivided or the lowe r palmately 3# Wi NABALUS. COMPOSITE. 481 cleft, parted, or as divided; the lobes or bets acuminate, répandly toothed or denticulate ; heads in small axillary an minal clusters, form- ing p elongated : NS pa nicle; involucre des j teen , of es, 5-6-flowered ; pappus s diny white, or Pai d color. — Hook. fl Bor.- Am. 1. | p. 294; DC. prodr. 7. p.941 (ex syn.) (N. albus &g N. serpentarius, ook. l. c., at least in Bick rt, fide apres Sonchus Bre, &c. Pluk.! alm. 4. 317, APR 9; rode ys altissima, Lim spec. ed. 9. p. 1121 (ex char. & oc luk.) ; — fl. 2. p. 4 Ell. sk. 9. p. 956. P. dime rn ell, syn. lants, p. n NES altissima, Lam. dict S; Harpalyce ik i Beck, * ot. p. + ovatus: cauline leaves nearly all ovate, abruptly contracted into es y- cordatus: leaves mostly cordate, on slender petioles.—N. m s l.c. Prenanthes cordata, Willd.! hort. Berol. t. 25; Pursh, l.c à. deltoideus : leaves Doe strongly repand-toothed; the upper often cordate, on beiit ku quee m the radical and lowest cauline triangular- astate, so d.—N. deltoideus & N. d as DC. T. c. Prenanthes à delides, yg , "a o, IE IU E » po Tu ssectus es all 3-parted or + divided; ; the segments either entire or deeply. n: ; g“ Sa Peske lanceolate or lin Woods, Newfoundland ! Canada! and Northern States, to „Kenigeky and the mountains of Georgia | Aug.-Sept,—Stem 3-5 feet high, rather slender, either simple or sparingly p paniculate at Fia Rad sometimes xu eil as yellowish or greenish-white.—A well-marked.species, notwithstanding the extremely variable foliage, of which we EN aita S pe most striking +: 3. N. Pei (DC.! 1. e.): quaque Salit Aperis aA stem corym- bose-paniculate at the summit; lea mostly deltoid, usually somewhat e co hav into winged or margined petioles (the lobes short and mostly sinuate-denticulate) ; the Ar fo bséesi]é e, o tongni often undivided; racemes paniculate ; ucre (greenish or pc a with pie $ either glabrous or with a few scattered an of about —€— flow ; pappus straw-color.— N. triloba in dict. s ees IF N. Ribas, *N. trilobatus & N. 4d DC. EE e i ioco As scabro inci . floribus dilute tin Gronov. fl. Virg. 3. p. 133. P. SEP Pursh, . luteis, &c., Cla fl. 2. p. 499, excl. syn. P. alba, Ell. sk. 2. p. olius : i fi thickish, lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse, Fd ^ B. integrifo : ticulate, wy sharply an d innegwan D. nehodi involucre often somew! what LÀ - "Cass: : E" ye barbatus : leaves ik, i 2^ ia or oblong, mostly sessile; the upper often somewhat a culate-clasping, sinuate-toothed or Ls entire; : Tacemes paniculate ; As eren (12-15-flowe: nd Dv. T young wi with long purplish hairs!—Prenanthes cr epidines, EIL » 2. p. 259, not of diu s. sterile or indy soil, from Florida! and Alabama! to New Dr. Macbride. Ala- i i York! ormegieat ! and Newfoundland? B. Long Island, New York! and ; North a d i. c iib na, bam —Stem 1-4 feet high, erum much b the chi 1 ble. Flowers cream-co! Ši gery: e. ees € t und ndant in the Southern States (where i it is nthes altissima and. P. alba are evidently transposed in "the Liman herbarum. ; : s vOLr.IL.—61 i es p" * drib is pagio of ys leaves. Corolla di \ LÀ S93 * 482 COMPOSITE. Ec called Gall-of-the- Earth), resembles N. albus in its mode of growth, M ee but N. altissimus in its pappus. “The very remarkable var. y. but appears o pass through var. 8. into the ordinary state of the plant. 4. N. nanus (DC. : glabrous; stem simple, low; leaves delroid-hastate, angulate, or variously lobed or cleft, on slender petioles ; eads in small ing a strict racemose panicle; acd or blac Ere B 10-13-flowered, of Eo 8 obtusish proper scales ; cales s i ; an ate Sedetdotes era pu subulate ; pappus As rk itid color.— DC. ! dr. 7. p. 241. Prenanthes alba, var. nana, Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. T 286 ; Torr. ! compend. p. 277 (partly). pre alba r Beck. bot. p. 1 region of the Whi B Mpontains f New ‘Hampshire! and of | ike and hastate-triangular, angulate- iiaia: or has ji obed ; ower or the whole 3-parted, os the divisions 2-3-clefi or entire, bas or lanceolate, yen somewhat cilia e when n young, as well as the tips of the involucre. Heads nearly as [era as in N. albus. Flowers whitish. 5. N. Boottii (DC.) : stem simple, dwarf, Eso at the summit w young ; radical and lowest cauline leaves subcordate or hastate-cordate, we tuse ; the middle po ng; i ae uppe r lanceolate, mostly entire, d into a e o obtus hal the length of the proper involucre ; Raa Ly s straw-color.— D / pro rodr. 7. p. 941. Prena nis alba, var. nana, in part, Bigel.! l. c. &c. Higher. alpine —w of ne hite Mountains of New Hampshire! On the extreme summit of Whiteface Mou untain, Essex County, New York, r. Macrae ! Aug-Sep —Plant 5-8 inches high. Scales of the invo- M lucre v btu os oo a goed when young; the calyculate scales obt E nearly similar, Gar shorter and unequal. Flowers whitish.—Nearly allied . * as is this species to the Es. pe the characters we have indicated as ; pear to be > gpa eee | » Mr. akarmi the flowers are odoro! in this species, but not in N. na 6. N. virgatus ( paiar gains s a glaucous; stem virgate, very - simple ; cauline leaves lanceolate, n sessile or partly c clasping 5. the upper entire and gradually redu ac to bra ; the lower toothed or r pin- dica kadan : subulate), forming a very long and slender zv unilateral spicate raceme} involucre (smooth and purplish) of about 8 proper scales, 8-12-flowered; - pappus straw-color.— DC. ! l. c.— tenanthes M Bl A pe i 9. p. P ^ od. - p.113; Walt.! Car. a ro virgatus, Dean ex Steud E palyce virgata, Beck. t. p. Moist places, in [o m nd "nape barrens, New J rerni ! to Florida! the low onn. MAE aked wand d-like raceme 1-2 feet ing. ítem aura, (De. t^s Seale least Clayt.) : § 2. Heads nodding or erect: involucre ealyculate, 12-35-flowered, hirsute. im. mostly undivided.) a ant ts (Hook.) : stem digit , simple, and with the leaves smooth glabrous; radical radical and lower cauline leaves oval, oblong, or oblanceolate , ë * Ep ov Nararus — = COMPOSITA. , 483 sharply. denticulate, taperin into winged oer rct upper lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, part ctis. wert € veta ort racemes or fascicles, scarcely spreading, forming a long and na iler ed spicate panicle ; involucre (of 8-10 scales) with the shore vulliad les very hirsute, about 12- flowered; pappus straw-color.— Hook. / E Bor.-Am. 1. p. 294; DC.! le. Prenanthes racemosa, Michz.! fl. 9. p. 84; Torr.! compend. p.977. Har- palyce racemosa, Don, l. c. ; Beck, bot. "E 168. B. spicate panicles numerous, ee (6-8 inches), crowded, forming a maa compound inflor y. leaves deeply and Daralan: laciniate-pinnati fid! anm (Northern Canada, Michauz !) and Saskatchawan ! Wisconsin! and Michigan! to the Ilkin and eT pe of Ohio! Also Hackensack marshes, ... New Jersey! 5. & y. Hackensack marshes, Mr. J. Carey! Sept.—Stem 2-5 feet high, striate. Flowers flesh-color or light purple. 8. N. asper: stem virgate, simple, and with - sessile leaves scabrous- pubescent; UPS. leaves oval-oblong, narrowed at the base, irre. gularly and sharply thed; the upper oblong-lanceolate, Apir sessile, "pm entire; heads mostly erect, in small fascicles, forming a long and narro compound ^ raceme; the short ao d rachis woolly-hirsute; invo. d x hun Ad Soy wy hirsute, 19—14-flowered ; popes s straw-color.—N. 8, Pr enanthes aspera, Mi chz./ Je 97 p. 83 (1893). Fx ji pietro, 1 deem pa 2. p. 366. Ch ondrilla Illinoensis, ps. suppl. 9. Dry barrens and prairies of Ohio! Indiana! Illinois! Kentucky ! Western Louisiana! and Upper Missouri! Sept.—Stem 2-4 t high. Lea — small. Heads larger than in the beens: the hairs of th the involuere olini A purple. Flowers sulphur or cream-colo 9. N. erepidineus (DC.! 1. c.): somewhat glabrous; stem tall and stout, corymbose-paniculate ; leaves (ample) unequally toothed ; the radical deltoid- _hastate, the lower cauline triangular-ovate or deltoid- lanceolate, on winged NN b * petioles; those e branches mM pcr ap or oblong, somewhat petioled; . of the br heads in small paniculate cluste ding, on short gen cent peduncles; involucre of 12-14 [esos scales, "Wirsute 90-35-flowered : pappe eani —Prenanthes crepidinea, Michzr.! fl. 2. Ls 84. P. gigantea, Raf.! herb. DC. Hieracium crepidineum, Borders of thickets and ante ‘fields, Ohio! prime! and Minos! d Kentucky! and the high mountains of Carol A —P fee - Lower leaves sometimes a fot long. "Headé eampanvlat-eylindrical large. Involucre bla . Flowers ochroleucous. $ 3. Heads nearly erect, Piret involucre ecalyculate (with two in- |. conspicuous bracteolate scales), somewhat pubescent, fo far adios nous to the North West Coast.) + 10. N. alatus (Hook.): nearly glabrous; stem i paniculate-coryimbose at DE SE en winged petioles; the radical cordate ; the uppermost cauline _ lanceolate, sessile; heads loosely corymbose; involucre of 7-9 lanceolate |. Somewhat acuminate minutely pubescent scales, 7-9-flowered ; pappus straw- color.— Hook. ! fl. Bor .-Am. 1. p. 294, t. 202. Sonchus hastatus, Less. in _ Linnea, 6. p. 99 ; Bongard, veg. Sitcha, l c. p. 146. Muldedicin hasta- ES u a E. Unalaschka, Kc. gee Sitcha (also Kamtschatka), fy ogi Vancouver, couler !—Plan LIEGE Inlet 2 Poi ers füsifurrll. Flowers dedi coti som Bonga "a de € g E I h ranaceous, deltoid, acuminate, sharply or kaia / ud 484 | © COMPOSITE. Lxeoprsw. - E Don, in Edinb. phil. jour. 6. p. 305 (excl. spec.) ; Hook. fl. Bor-Am. 1. p. 295; DC. Lygodesmia & Erythremia, Nutt. Heads 5-10-flowered. Involucre elongated cylindrical, of 5-8 linear scales in a single series, and calyculate with a few very short imbricated bracteolate Leo econ pace — T * the style MAS venas elongated, at 6j sm ooth, at the apex. Pappus of very copious and DECRE, scabrous whitish am bristles,in many series, rather persistent.—P' erennial glabrous and som what glaucous rigid branching herbs (natives of sterile plains chiefly EA the Mississippi), with the habit of Chondrilla: the leaves mie or subulate, entire; those of the branchlets reduced to mere scales. erpendicular. Heads solitary terminating the stem or branches, erect. Fieve reddish- purple or rose-color. . This genus differs from Prenanthes and Aren rather in its striking habit than in any marked or important floral characte e 1. Heads 5-flowered : pappus soft: stems very much branched, not spines- cent.—EULYGODESMIA. X . L. juncea (Don! 1.c.): stems very dh branched, striate ; eor inear hag Sext an ^ inch long : the pes hg scales very small, ciliate. e, color. Acheni yery long and slender. Pappus sil yg fo i. scarcely icibrodé i 191. MALACOTHRIX. DC. prodr. 7. p. 192. (char. inda x - Malacomeris, Leucoseris, & Leptoseris, Nutt. ~ Heads many-flowered. Involucre broadly campanulate or hemispherical; - the scales narrow, numerous, more or less imbricated in series, the exte- rior often calyculate. Receptacle naked. Ligules narrow. Achenia oblong, truncate at both ends, angled or nearly terete, 8—15-striate or ribbed, smooth, glabrous ; ; the summit furnished (as in Andryala and many abies with a minute or inconspicuous crenulate or many-toothed ring, surrounding the base of the true pappus. Pappus consisting of a single series p dear and rather soft silvery-white capillary bristles (20-40 in number), which are ser- rulate-scabrous towards the apex, but minutely and sparsely barbellate near the base, deciduous. —Californian herbs (with a single and dubious excep- à tion), of somewhat varied aspect, mostly with a deciduous pubescence, and pi pont or undivided leaves. Flowers yellow or white. t allied to Andryala; with which the section Leucoseris nearly pr ate si and om i: the naked receptacle, the different pubescence, &c. k fey, . 81. Annual, M eU. p of the involucre EU linear, acuminate, E^ in 2-3 series; the exterior shorter and loose: flowers yellow.—E vMALAcO- VES, eee *»- 486 Vus COMPOSITA. MAZLACOTHRIX. mede somewhat glabrous ; leaves all radical, clustered, linear-filiform, en- n u California, Douglas !—Scapes several from the slender ‘and simple per- g _ pendicular root, fistulous, perfeetly ae ond a span or more in height, termi- nated M a — larga head. Leaves very slender. Mature achenia un- known ; the immature linear-oblong Saine not obovate), obscurely striate. Pappas took, vega ng somewhat in a ring. $2. Suffruticose and perennial? subcaulescent: scales of the involucre linear, in about 9 rather unequal series, and with several calyculate bracteoles : flowers yellow. —Maxacomenis, Nutt. 2. M. incana: canescently tomentose with a somewhat deciduous wool; leaves chiefly radical, clustered, irregularly pinnatifid; the lobes (3-7) re- » Short, pos et € aoepaid, bracteate, usually sone wering stems. Thais ed dido | in g5 receding. Achenia small, tang Pappus exactly as in M. Californica, but more copious. § 3. 7. subcaulescent (heads only 30-40-flowered) : scales of the involu- ere i ies; the inner linear-lanceolate, 12-15, equal ; the outer short and idein, calyculate, appressed : flowers yellow.—lLProsrEnIs, Nutt. . M. sonchoides : dwarf, mei sn stems branching, somewhat corym- = aves incon ng, runcinate; the cauline small and s ante the RE with s approximate lobes, ag corii achen what —€— veia ribbed, crowned with a very minute and de didculate tebot der, simulating an exterior obscure cer pti. — yn ome son- up ced Nuti A Aese ans. Amer. phil. soc. ' resemble those of a Crepis. Exterior scales of the involucre erose-denticu- retin Pappus deno as in the preceding, buit shorter, decdngeid in a ring. pale. E. oe a $4. Perennial, yit an TR leafy: scales of the involucre numerous; the inn linear, equal, appressed, in about 2 series ; the outer short and calet subulate, spreading, copious: flowers white—Lxvucoseris, Nutt. 4. M. saratilis: somewhat pubescent when young; stems diffuse or de- cumbent, valy, brs bra cim ; leaves fleshy, linear-oblong, obtuse, mostly Los - tire; the lower occasionally somewhat pipe: or pinnatifid towards the base od (Somewhat angled, strongly ADD d, pore d with a m e 'dentieulate bet atili Nutt. ! in trans. Amer rept soc. l. c. p. 4 FL E Barbara, California, on LS. rocks near the sea, Nuttall! - rs - Stems 1-2 eaves £ 2-3 inches in length, half an inch wide, often . inc eng an rade ul ie at the base, and partly clasp: pine Heads as] large as uo 4 MaracomTHRix. : COMPOSITE. 487 Dandelion. Flowers very numerous, pure white. Achenia dark brown. Pappus as in the rest of the genus. . M. co EE herbaceous, glabrous ; stem erect, fistulous, striate, , leafy, r racemose-corymbose at the summit ; vai e ay, een linear, pae es a - in ann. lc. New York, 2. p. 209. n Linn. | acute, dentic mme, those of the branches entire ; heads te ating the pi branches; calyculate scales of the involucre sobulate, aquarrse spread. ng, rather numerous; the proper scales very Medie. nda —Hieracium ? Caliorico um, D dr. 235. Sonchus? Californicus, Hook. & Arn t. Beechey, Ad p. M. Leuoneris Californie, bir i Le C: alifo ornia, A uglas'—Stem 1-2 fee t fles eshy, m narrower than in the prece impar (to which à e very dian allied); the bdo smaller, with ie a. ase in - dried specimens purplish underneath. Ma- ture achenia unknow aries with no manifest border or crown at the summit. eh as in abe: preceding. nuifolia : suffruticose, glabrous; stem ae branching (2-3 feet high); p Eep sessile, laciniate-pinnatifid, with long and narrowly linear lobes; the upper eae filiform ; heads few, corymbose. ` Nutt. —Leucoseris tenuifolia, Nutt. St. ara, California, on the ett near the t —The expanded flowers iid fruit not seen "ud n M. saxatilis, but the scales narrower and more acumi inate. INutl 192. CREPIS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Mench ; DC. fl. Fr., & prodr. l. c. Heads several-many-flowered. Involucre mostly double; the inner or proper scales in a single series; the outer short and calyculate. Receptacle somewhat fimbrillate-hairy, or naked. Achenia terete or slightly com- pressed, mostly 10-30-striate, either columnar, narrowed at the em or obscurely attenuate-rostrate. Pappus copious, capillary, white ; the bris somewhat scabrous, usually very soft and slender (in H. RAEE hyoseridifolia, pygmæa, &c., rather rigid and slightly thickened towards the ase!).—Branching herbs (natives of the northern hemisphere), with nearly the involucre of Senecio. Leaves mostly toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers yellow. 1. Involucre many-flowered ; the exterior calyculate scales often loose: re- ceptacle naked or somewhat hairy: ac enia mostly 10- 0-13-striate.—Ev- cnEPIS, DC. (Crepidium & Psilochena, Nutt.) cinata : perennial? ? radical leaves peye nera or oblong-lan- ceolate, narrowed at the base and somewhat petioled, hirsute-pubescent on both sides, or at length glabrous, runcinato-toothed or somewhat incised, or re . "n F aC. biennis B.! Americana, DC. prodr. 7. p. 163. neinatum, Nutt n trans h Crepidium : ^ S hi to the prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Lake khe, Dr waste rir of woods i Devil's Lake, Mr. Nicollet! ri - 488 ^ — COMPOSITZ.' | E ono Grassy a of the Platte, Nuttall. Pepe 1-2 feet high, 2-4 times dicho- Heads fas resembling those of C. biennis; from which this tigiate r species i is , Sena by its mostly naked ane ely pubescent pan voluc well as the m Ll narrow ess scarious dv of the in e, &c. uch more aie Pien aves. *Some states seem to apptoah the followi ing speci so as a. * be adisciagnished by the larger heads, and more or less pubescent involuc C. iran : perennial, glabrous and glaucous eie amt m es radica diickish, spatulate-oblong, or nearly lanc eolate, mucro som scape na ror idee with minute bracts at the divisions; scales of the proper in- calyce angled, smooth, slightly Hosite to s the — as = long as the pappus. —Crepidium glaucum, at ! intrans. Amer. phil. s -B. caulescens : not gla EE : ig with a dio leaf at the first division.—Crepidium caulcscena Ai Plains of the Upper Platte, Nuttall? Lieut. Fremont! M -Aug.— Scapes about a foot high. Heads much smaller than in C. runcinata, about wg ed. Leaves 3-6 inches lon besitos into an indistinet or winged etiole. Achenia strongly striate- ribbed, s ooth. C. Miser (Nutt.): perennial? dwarf, canescent with a close fur- faraceous s pu nce; euie leaves few, sessile, pinnately parted, with the near or rete lobes ten somewhat toothed; the radical lanceolate, Da, runcinate-pinnatifid, tapering into a petiole ; the short lobes toothed ; heads (few) paniculate-corymbose; proper scales of the cylindrical involucre 8-10, linear-lanceolate, canescent, and sparsely hispid with blackish hairs sho intermixed ; the calyculate scales few and ve ry short; achenia fusiform, not angled or striate, as long as. e aa a Mili | dn in jour. Ari ns d. 7 p.29. Psilochena Br er: i ll. ! in trans. Amer. phil. s Oregon, near m ocky Mountains, Mr. eth ! Plains: ‘Of the Platte, Nuttall !—A s . Heads as large as in C. runcinata, about 20-flowered. Achana pay a fertile, tapering to the apex, not rostrate. Pappus grayish-white § 2. Involuere few- flowered, Abd) ; the exterior calyculate scales very short and appressed : receptacle naked: achenia slender, 5-10-striate.— Paxcasivm, Cass., Reichenb. (Crepis § Soriobed. Nutt.) 4. C. nana (Richards.) : punte, nearly acaulescent, depressed, very glabrous and glaucous; scapes numerous from the summit of the somewhat fusiform caudex, clustered, bears one or.more t 14-flowered hea searcely equalling the elliptical or roundish entire or cigars long- tioled leaves; achenia linear, narrowed at the apex, scarcely rostrate.— journ. ed. ti ook. ! a VEU 2nd S.. voy. p. 397, t.1, & fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 2 Hieracium, &c., Gmel. .. Sibir. 2. p 20, 1. 7, f. 2&3. Prenanthes p Ledeb. in mem. acad. & 3. St. Petersb. 5. p. 583. P. polymorpha, Ledeb.1 fl. Alt. 4. p. 144. (a. & B+) arkhausia nana, D: odr. 7. p- Se Arctic coast Tat islande! ! to om 64°, and on the northern tag Mountai Also in Arctic Siberia !)—Scapes and leaves an inch or t n nh lamina of the inner pei often oblong: -linear. ^n orolla yellow, rning purplish i wg? Sie Achenia all uniform, or 1 ral perhaps à al, erm a | little constri cw Mos à the Lione; catal. none of dA TOS- r3 * 1. T. cuspidatum narrowly as a ct de attenuate-a “” CREPIS. COMPOSITÆ. à 489 á 5. C. elegans (Hook.) : marte very glabrous and — : stems numerous from the same fusiform root, slender, paniculate, bearing n — (small) 10-14-flowered heads ; permet leaves te or essc edis early or done entire; the ra narrowly — the upper linear, ses- „ DC.! sile. — Hook. ! y Maas Am. 1. p. 297 ; prodr.7. p.179. Barkhausia elegans, Nutt. i trans. ‘Maar. e soc. l. c. p. ao On the Ass iniboin River, Drummond '—Plant 6 inches high ; with pur smaller heads than the preceding; the young erti similar to those of th T and not more rostra C. acuminata (Nutt.): perennial; stem nearly glabrous, sparingly leafy, mie. numerous 8-10-flowered "oie in a naked and fastigiate com- pound .corymb ; leaves pubescent, lanceolate; the radical runcinate- - pinnatfd, tapering at - weed go a petio oe, and at the apex in = a slender ntire acumination ; the caulin and sessile; the uppermost narrowly. linear, entire ; cabvoglate Sovebietal scales villous-pubescent oy a young.— ans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. Plains of the Platte, Nuttall ! — Root lon ne. pee fusiform. Scapiform e i di hes 193. TROXIMON. Nutt. in Fras. cat. 1813, & gen. 2. p.127 ; notof Gertn. Agoseris, Raf. (excl. char.)—A mmogeton, Schrad. Head many-flowered. Scales of the campanulate involucre ovate-lan- ceolate, acute or acuminate (distinct or nearly so), membranaceous, some- - what loosely imbricated in 2-3 series; the exterior s ti shorter. Re- ceptacle subalveolate, rarely with a few es intermixed among the flowers! Achenia glabrous, Bong ied era obcompressed, 10- ribbed, with a large | basilar callus, more narrowed at the apex, but scarcely if at all rostrate. Pappus longer Caddy the achenium, consisting of copious and unequal rather rigid white bristles, in several series, scarcely Scabrous, the stronger ones gradually thickened towards the base, and fre- quently more or less flattened.—Perennial acaulescent herbs, with the aspect of Scorzonera (natives of the Upper Mississippi and Missouri, the interior of Oregon, Saskatchawan, &c.,) ; the naked simple scapes terminated by a large head. Root fusiform or thickened. Leaves linear or lanceolate, elongated, entire, denticulate, or rarely runcinate-pinnatifid. Flowers showy, yellow, sometimes changing to purple or rose-color when old or in drying. d a gradual transition from the typical species of Troximon to Macrorhyn- ` chus c. pou pee this bears nearly the same relation that Crepis does to Bark- hausia. Even the nature of the pappus fails to furnish a very marked pp ent pr cuspidatum alone, it would inevitably be referred to the "ars Scorsotpiei ; it all tles of th us ath that species are ned antl t- ba E chi mam and s ronger r ones so pui T ‘Ret they should rather be termed palee than bristles. But is mu ss evident in n llied T. gl m; and in th — species the béisties ar are cupid, although rather stiff The pee ben inim " er species t r proving a Scorzonera, the name should certainly be kept for the p. pua rsh): somewhat | tomentalose when et : PN at a VOL. 11.—62 = 490 : COM POSITS. à 'TROXIMON. on the broad midrib ; the often undulate margins tomentose ; scales of the in- volucre somewhat scarious, lanceolate, cuspidate-acute, glabrou s, in " nearly equal series, erect; bristles of the pappus very numerous, rigid; t „inner and E agrica evidently flattened and dilated towards the al * Pursh, fl. 2. p. 7 T. marginatum, Nuit.! gen. 2. p.198, & in trans Amer. phil. soc. fa ser.) 7. p. 433. Plains of the Upper t Missouri € Platte to the Rocky Mountains, Qe bury! Nuttall! Mr. Nicollet! Eagle Prairie, Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! April-June.—Héeads, &c., st Nate rather Sadler than in the ape S Eee manifestly obcompressed, obtusely ribbed, a little v de at the summit, but not at all rostrate, much shorter than 5r setose pappus 2. T. gla m (Nutt.): somewhat glaucous; leave s eer imos 7 oa o. or pee with one or two small teeth (the dun rib some- vulate towards the ba ase), = with the scape nearly loni scales of d iee e loosely imbricated in 3-4 series, somewhat unequal ; the exterior (green) ovate- ger suk more or less bescent when young; ien: ok the pappus PA rigid.—Nutt. ! in Fras. cat. (1813), & gen. 2. p.198; Pursh, fl. 2. 95 & 505 ; Sims, bot. mag. t. 1667 ; Hook.! fl. Bor. nl . 300. ed z ) B. dasyc epha alum: involucre CAT at least when young, the exterior ^" scales spreading; leaves and sc often somewhat pubescent; receptacle sometimes, but not always, indi bid with a few linear-acuminate chaffy scales sre among the flowers IT. gaan Richards.! a Frankl. j ed. 2. p. 29; DC. prodr. 7. p. 2 T. glaucum, a. Hook. Rats a p. 300; n mag. t. 3462. T. "pumilum, uit, n trans mer. phil. soc. l.c.? Amm ae scorzonerefolium, Schrad. ! ind. s Gett. 1833 ; DC.! prodr. 7 diete : Richardson ! july An g.—Scape 6-12 inches high. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 4-10 lines wie ETC nearly an inch in diameter. Tube of the pri aen — —— beset with long jointed the summit. Achenia e ee bcompressed, at least when young-—It is Pune itile that | the - n the pores of et var. 3. is found in some but not all of the wild spain ns we rviflorum (Nutt.): glabrous, or ME villous-pubescent is rents SA jefes narrowly lanceolate- linear, acute ene cda en "à e, prae flowers and involucral scales Per fewer. Flowers ane sometime ing to rose-color in drying. 4. T. roseum (Nutt.) : leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, with short linear $$ ; Scales and with the scape sparsely vill lous-pubescent I labrous involucre lanceolate, acuminate, few, ries, the exterior pappus copious, capillary, rigid (flowers and Nutt. ! in trans. NL. sc l.c H i — of tee Plane. with the preceding, ** which it wholl resembles, P sre and de iuge sor in pper. char.] flowers," . li !—Ache- th 10 sharp ribs, rather s shorter than the pappus, pane at the set r ^) ri E, ë CRM COMPOSIT E. 491 into a v iem distioót etr oma d not sufficiently distinct from the foregoing. $ Uncertain species. T. tararacifolium (Nutt.): somewhat hirsute; leaves lanceolate "iesu arvi scarcely nonii tiy rancios at the base ; ales of the involucre in about 2 series, the r linear; achenia ‘ rostrately at- it. i hsl. s0 soc. l.c Plains of the Wahlamet, Oregon.—Re able for its broad leaves, which are an eben and a quarter wide, by six oh ^m length, most pubescen nt on d y T. odoratum, Raf., and the other fictitious species of the Flora Ludoviciana, it would be quite useless to attempt to ide eccl 194. MACRORHYNCHUS. Less. syn. p. 139; Mus Ete c ind. sem. St. Petersb. 1835.; DC. prodr. 7. p.1 Macrorhynchium, Reichenb.—Trochoseris, Pepp. 4- E Head many-flowered. Scales of the campanulate involucre unin in few series, lanceolate; the exterior often foliaceous, sometimes calyculate. . Receptacle naked. Achenia mostly terete, or slightly obcompressed, linear or fusiform, about 10-ribbed or grooved, the ribs callous, corky, or alate, the apex at length produced into a long and slender or filiform beak. Pappus - Shorter than the achenium, consisting of copious uniform soft and white capil- lary bristles, minutely scabrous, often caducous.—Annual or perennial acaulescent or subcaulescent (American, chiefly Western,) herbs, with nearly the habitof Troximon. Leaves entire or laciniate-pinnatifid. Scapes simple, with solitary heads. Flowers yellow. ie p? duo ligules elongated : achenia fusiform, 10-ribbed or 10-nerved, outer series sometimes page a ex Nutt.) ; the ribs uniform, net eds or produced.—S TYLOPAPPUS, * Scales of the campanulate involucre consimilar, in few series; the exterior often = pt arene meee (Stylopappus § Troximeria, Nutt.) eae. n oe tuse and entire (rarely w wih o small salien teeth), tapering into slender mar ed pon 5, Seales o f the "seal Sirene bat appre ad. mewhat equal series, the exterior rather broader, oolly pubescent when young. well hagas i ie it of the elongated scape ; achenia TECH RM ae ptem and closely 10-sulcate, gradually attenuated a beak which is nearly as long as the deciduou Pes pepa, butshorter t wis proper body of the achenium.—Troximon aurantiacum, Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 300, i aie ap DC. prodr. 7. p. 252. T Mora, Nutt.! in Te pm Alpi ine prairies ‘of of the "Rock y Mountains, Drummond! On the Wind River Chain at the’ elevation of 7000 feet and. more, Lieut. Fremont! M. Banier, Oregon, Mr. Tolmie !—Scape a span to a foot high. Corolla orange- * r 492 COMPOSIT X. Micsonnesedili- —Weh Aje er abe fruit from the single specimen collected by Tow € eR which a * exhibits it fully deve loped. The slender terete achenium, with the oe is nearly three-fourths of an inch long; an he apex, as in other species, is ‘abrajely dilated me a par disk for the inser- ene - of the pappus, west is Ten uite fugaciou us. In no case do we find the in- volucral scales united a ooker's figure.— — This is s possibly the Macro- Stepachute sorption did rd & Meyer; a spec unknown origin: but it does not sufficiently accord with the brief x cei gives by "De Candolle. 2. M. laciniatus : nearly glabrous, at least when old, acaulescent ; leaves Pre iaa sparingly laciniate-toothed towards the base, or subpinnatifid ; the lobes (1-3 on each side) linear, slender; scales of the involucre lanceo- late, acute, imbricated in 3-4 series; the outer shorter and somew at spread- ing, mots -pubescent cs oung, as well as the summit of = scape ; * stipe more than twice thè anpa of the aep *—Stylopappus (Troxi- meria) cision s, Nutt.! in trans. gifoli Amer. phi B. longifolius : leaves more pubescent, deeply "divided, slender; exterior scales of the involucre nearly equalling the i inner, foliaceous, spreadi ng.— Ae oie ^w o s long gifolius, Nutt. ! l.c Plains e Wahla t, Oregon ; Nu ttail! Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! (var. B.) —Plant "wf, or 20 tim hi igh. Heads nearly as largeasi in M. troximoides. Flowers pale yellow. 3. M. elatus: at length nearly glabrous, acaulescent; leaves pario and unequally pinnatifid, glaucous; the lobes and rachis n anowiy dae line lanceolate; scape woolly when young; s scales of the involucre b "lanceo- late, imbricated in 3 or 4 series, the exterior shorter; stipe feci longe than e slender sin d (marginal oe ? achenia rapa? pubescent.)— Stylopayrus i Genco are elatus, Nutt. ! in trans. Am al. soc. L eye e lamet, with the p rnei go tall purs cape 1-2 feet high; pen a oe Spal leaf. Stipe of the achenium filiform.—Near- iy allied i M. lacinia . M. Lessingii (Hook. & Arn.) : root perennial; stem scapiform, gla- "ae 3 jiyi glabrous, narrow linear, pinnatifid, w with segments short and remote (leaves sae entire, toothed, or subpinnatifid, obtuse, elongated obo- sc r i ious S, somewhat bets: achenia fusiform, deeply 10-striate-sulcate, the ribs- ob- tuse and not winged, one-third the length of the P. P Ny ose of the outer and i aner Pi m wein pappus soft, caducou k. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl. p. 361. Borkhausia Lessingii, Hook. & En l. e. p. p. 145. Troximon iE oides, Lai in Linnea, 6. p.501; DC. prodr. 7. p. 252. California, Chamisso, € Beechey, Douglas.—This plant is unknown to us. esigi ays it has the am, ainin of Krigia Virginica, or a state of Leon- todon autumnale with a sins tie hea ‘+ * Scales of the hemispherical involucre dissimilar ; the exterior short, foliaceous, — squarrose-spreading. : pubescent or at length glabrous, acaulescent; lea - M. grandifi tanceolate, ah pinnatifi, Mpeting. pe long petioles; the terminal lobe ,W the j| rather rigid, n eri aie. half the length of de inner, which are narrowly lanceolate-linear, cute, somewhat scarious, as long as the pappus; achenia linear-oblongs 2 at t each, end, 10-striate, about one-third the length of the setiform beaks soft and slender.—Stylopappus poo Nutt. ! l.c. of ahlamet, Nuttall !—Scape a foot high. Head lar — 3 only seen in fruit. fi dared ery small for- & wi?” Macroruyncuvs. COMPOSITE. ` : é 493 size of the head, 2-3 lines long (the gee t Nutt.) ; the capillary stipe twice the length of the very white pap § 2. Annual: ligules elongated : achenia linear-oblong, glabrous, obtuse; the outer series inflated and scarcely striate ; the others compressed [obcom- pressed 1], with 10 acute narrowly winged ribs: scales of the involucre im- bricated in few series, the exterior shorter and calgentats .—CRY PTO- PLEURA, Nutt. 6. M. Cali alifornicus : dwarf (3-4 inches high), subcaul , hi l e lanceolate, incisely serrate ; id of the involucre in about 3 series ; e outer ovate, acute, hirsute; the inner lanceolate; achenia about half A length * the filiform m c ipftoplSbrt Californica, Nutt. in trans. Am phi edd t. Barbara, Galifornia, Nuttall.—T he ne are said to be yel- avon. nii; the pappus very soft and white. We have not seen the plant, and have derived the phasors wholly from N uttall’s denarii $3. Annual: ligules pede west oh achenia net or adici so) with the ribs callous-corky or winged : es of the involucre in few series, ap- pressed, or the exterior ipa dy Rises gd —MacnonHYN- cHUs, Less, Fisch. & Meyer. (Trochoseris, Pepp. & Endl. Kyma- pleura, Nutt.) . » AM. Mino Vis (Nutt) 2 dwarf, Mipcauiescent villous-pubescent Te rip rima es oblanceolate or spatulat pies entire; the otl sparingly MR with 2 -3 short linear pre on side; the term joal lobe A ice e oblong-linear ; scape scarcely n AS Tes the leaves; iara of ihe nvolucre EM i appressed, in 2 series; the outer rather ec achenia with slightly undulated wings, a M. (Kym and somewhat pubescent ; third. the length of ~~ filiform Eua —M. ( hv apleura) wal ig Nutt. P MSS., pans a phil. soc. l. c. p. 430. Kymapleura heterophylla, utt. L. c. (in u^ Plains of bein Nuttall '—Plant 4-5 inches high, slender. Head small. Corolla pale yellow, purplish externally, fugacious.—This species ap d pears to resemble oe ct e do not observe any marked difference be- tween the outer and i achenia, or that either are a all compressed, or more than obscurely ptibégpéur. and that onl y when quite young. 195. TARAXACUM. Haller, enum. Helv. (excl. spec.) ; Juss. ; DC. l.c. Head many-flowered. Involucre double; the exterior of small scales, either appressed, spreading, or reflexed ; those of the inner erect, in a single ` series; all often callous-corniculate at the apex. Receptacle naked. Achenia bearing a rather large head; the leaves all radical, oblong, or lanceolate, either nearly entire, sinuate-toothed, or runcinate. Flowers yellow.— — 494 ’ COMPOSITE. TARAXACUM. * ne > 7 7 7 m i Jtr ior g or squarrose. I: T, Den s (Desf.): at TUM glabrous; leaves unequally and acutely ea ages lobes toothed anteriorly; scales of the involucre nat corniculate, the exterior reflexed ; achenia muricate at the summit.—DC. odr.7. p. 145. T. officinale, Vill. ; Koch, syn. fl. Germ. & Helv. p. ite, var. a. eontodon Taraxacum, Linn. ; Engl. bot. t.510; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 497; ee sk. 2. P: 250; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 296 ; 'Darlingt.! IR wan sides of the y Mountains. Hook. - “W of flowers first expand, the pappus is nearly sessile; as e florets shrivel, the inner series of the involucre closes for a short time, in a cylindri cal for k of the achenia then b s suddenly elongated, the whole involucre is reflexed, and the elevated pappus displayed in a globular head." Darlingt.—The following "eus (ue; rnm of whic co from chiefly De Candolle, who keeps them s well as nearly all the genuine Taraxaca, are not improbably she t viewed by Fries, o and ow excellent botanists, as mere varieties of this, the Comm Dand T. latilobum (DC.) : leaves runcinate, glabrous Ha sparsely hairy (especially on the eae beneath ; p 2 bes Mert tide triangular, toothed an- wde the teriorly, c ; sc glabrous; scales of me beg not c rtu $i the iierior reflexed- in aiias $ be. pres pit prred - „Newfoundland, Pylaie !—Very [too] near T. Dens-leonis. DC. 3. T. ceratophorum (DC.) : leaves glabrous, sinuate-toothed or runcinate ; scapes glabrous, when young tomentose at the apex ; scales of the involucre all erect, furnished with a callous horn below the apex ; achenia mucronate . at the apex, as long as the beak. D errs ntodon ceratophorum, Ledeb. fl. Alt. 4. p. 149, & ic. pl. Tea E Unalaschka (and Kamtschatka).—Lobes of the | iw various in size; the — uz DUM papse na Head twice as large as that of T. Dens-leonis. DC. * * Exterior involucral scales T inate, as long as t crt arde of the cre not corniculate; the exterior lanceolate, duds achenia heidi urisats at the apex, one- alf = ` or one-third the length of the Beak: DC.! fl. Fr., & prodr. l. c.—Leon- -.. todon palustre, Smith, fl. Brit. 9. p. 823; Engl. bot. t. 553 ; Hook.! ft. - Bor.-Am. 1. p.296. L. Taraxacum f. salinum, E. Meyer, pl. La brad. sos E 58. Taraxacum montanum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 430, *. .. British ‘America| from Labrador on Hudson’s Bay to the r k D among Rocky Mountains, in somewhat saline situations on eso _ and in the highest vallies of the Colorado at: fe West. Nuttall l Varies i greatly as to the shape and toothin ng of the lea = 5. T. hirsutum (Hook.): hirsute ib idt: UNS pinnatifid ; the une- : lobes acuminate, enm A of the "— erect, appressed, clothed with fulvous hairs. Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 296 (under Leonto- don) ; DC. be. Pp. 149. : e poco, Desin s Sovuler. * owe = P YRRHOPAPPUS. . “COMPOSITA. _ 495 196. PYRRHOPAPPUS. DC. prodr. 7. p. 144. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; the exterior of numerous linear- subulate mostly loose and spreading scales; the interior of numerous erect linear scales, in a single series, often somewhat corniculate near the apex, their margins usually more or less united. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia oblong, somewhat terete, 5-sulcate, minutely scabrous, muricate, or rugu- lose; the apex at length produced into a long beak. appus of copious and very soft capillary (scarcely scabrous) bristles, either reddish or fulvous.— Perennial? or perhaps mostly annual or biennial nearly glabrous herbs (na- tives of the Southern United States and Mexico, except a doubtful Cape spe- cies); with oblong or lanceolate often pinnatifid or laciniate leaves; the simple or branching stems naked at the summit and bearing rather large heads. Flowers deep yellow. ; ; 1. P. Carolinianus (DC.!1.c.) : stem simple or mostly branched above; earliest radical leaves lanceolate along obtuse, sinuate-toothed or nearly en- tir e; the others lanceolate, acute, mostly laciniate or pinnatifid ; scales of the inner involucre oil h corniculate near the apex, slightly caulescent, ^ the fulvous or at eng: reddish pappus.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. l. c.. p. 430 (8. mus). Leontodon Carolinianum, Walt. p. 192. Scorzonera pinnatfida, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 89. Chondrilla levigata, To Jl. 9. p. 497. Borkhausia Caroliniana, e Dm 2. fy 196; Ell.’ sk. 2. p. 951; Hook.! in compan. to bot. mog. 3 . p. 100 B. Die _ &c., Maryan and Virginia! to Louisiana! ga Arkansas ! on. Marc pon or d. ? Stem often scapiform, with only one or or two partly clashes ‘leave etimes a little pubescent at the base. Flowers showy.—De e Cindolle. describi ing from immature specimens, states that the achenium = a short beak ; but when mature it is remarkably long, as ines ibed by Elli : scape simple, naked, much longer than the ; veis. m jt cep pit plead and ciliate radical leaves, bearing a single head ; involucre gnus Pappue s fulvous, fürnished with a villous at the base. — Nuit. Dp trans. Ame il. soc. l.c. P. scaposus, DC. [.c.? Bork- r. ph hausia E cu Nutt. / in Den cid. P ull» £00. Borders of tras d ravines, &c., Arkansas, Dr. Pitcher! May.—Root ^5 Ripe slender, apparently annual. Earlier radical leaves runcinat sub- ; the succeeding larger (4-6 inches long) deeply pinnatifid, with lobes bl y e-toothed, divaricate or LU Scape a foot high, with a single small bract in the middle. „Head larger — than in the Eoee: ki the flowers ee yellow. Achenia nia not seen. - Ovary with s oii om e y 9j. LACTUCA. "Tourn. inst. £267 Linn. Gaertn. fr. t. 158; D le. ed involucre in. 24 series ; the exterior shorter. Receptacle naked. Heads bas C FLUR Seales of the cylindrical distulit À il * 496 . COMPOSITE. -> ^ LACTUCA, Achenia obcompressed, flat, wingless, glabrous, abruptly produced into a filiform beak. Pappus of copious very soft and white capillary bristles in several series, fugacious.—C aulescent herbs (chiefly of the northern hemis- phere); with entire or pinnatifid leaves, and paniculate heads. F lowers yellow, blue, purple, or white, often variable in the same species. In all the following species, the heads are about 20-flowered ; and the achenia brownish or blackish, very obscurely scabrous-rugulose, one- -nerved in the middle of each face, and sometimes with two obsolete nerves towa s the margin. l of the proposed genus is to be distinguished from Lactuca, nor the remainder from . Mulgedium ; nor why the author did not refer to it his own erca m pulchellum, which is exactly intermediate between Mulgedium and Lactu a N T yna Sea (Michx.) : mga imple, virgate ; leaves elongated, Medo: e cauline narrowly linear, acute, entire; the lowest and radi ical ipaeioply Afer “pinnate or toothed in dine middle, near and elongated towards the base and a eads oose and leafless panicle; Spes MEN. rather longer ba the Teik: vidis purple. Mea e 1o white, or yellow !—Michz. | f 2. p. 85; Eil sk. 2. p. 2 k. ! comp dey to bot. mag. 1. p.100; prodr. 7. p. 134. L. minea, neue. st. 3. p. 659. Galathenium graminifolium, Nul. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. 7. p. —_ e — Nutt.! l.c. as to the spec. ** Florida, Ware,” in leido a. glabrous, or ie ‘midrib of the lower leaves often sparingly hirsute. B. lower leaves and base of the stem hirsute. Dry soil, South Carolina to Alabama! and Western wee April- Sept.— (9) or 2? Stem 2-3 feet high, slender. Lower leaves 6-10 inches long, 3-6 lines wide; the radical usually with one or pal of runcinate E ue. elongata (Muhl.) : stem tall and stout, simple or paniculate at the fg m ; leaves partly clasping, pale beneath, the upper usually lanceolate an d jM the lower runcinate-pinnatifid; heads in an elongated lea fless panicle ; "e: oval, rather longer than the beak ; flowers light yellow, varyi Y lon eio folia : abou or ACER so; upper leaves elongated lanceolate . and often entire; the lower runcinate-pinnatifid, with the lobes lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire or ‘slightly repand- „toothed; ; the terminal lobe elon- gated; flowers mostly light yellow.—L. longifolia, Michz. ! Pa 9. p. 85. L. elongata, Muhl. in Willd. spec. 3. p. — Pursh, fl. 2 r 500; Ell.! T sk. 9. p. 252; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am p. 996; Darlings! ft. Cest. p> 442; DC.! prodr. 7. p- um. ze Carolinidna, Walt. Car. p.193? Gala- um, Nutt. ! . integrifolia: glabrous ; Mini all or nearly all er lanceolate, 47 acute or acuminate, entire or repand-denticulate ; the lowes occasionally. pinnatifid ; flowers light pieces m^ apn € inet or bluish- purple.—L. integrifolia, Bigel.! ff. Bo Op. Ad DC. prodr. 7. P " 137, not of Nutt. L. sagittifolia, Ell. 7 3 = p. 253; DC. l.c. ‘Gala- X Pose Ue edd A l.c. G. salicifolium, Iul! 1. c., as to Pennsyl- specim. herb. Schw y- papal ste inea : Bes ler; leaves all or nearly all runcinate ; mostly hir- ibescent (as well as ex ee) either throughout or 0 n the midrib a and broader, irregularly todilied, the termin ) dark-red ge a à an) P MSS. h centre (Oakes, mss.), saffron-color, or oF ape. and in a en eer meu Muhl. Nutt. gen. 9. P- mE. Lactuca. JA COMPOSITA. 497 L. moe. Mahl. A. Lancastr. ined. L. nigin d Bigel. ! 4 Bos ed. 2. p. wee Galathonium sanguineum, Nutt. ! kiroho er. phil. soc. ve ê: G: Foridanumn a£ hires fide herb. acad. 3 £ albiflora “ flowers white” wise as in Rich D Pn fields a nd Borders of thickens asap ad "Saskatcha- o Georgia! and Louisiana! y. Massachusetts! and Upper Mis- la ! to Louisi ! : 6. Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! July-Aug.— (2)! Stem 2-8 feet high, ow. Leaves mostly large, very variable ;. all the da varieties pass- ing into each other.— Wild Lettuce. Fire-w eed. 1 Doubtful species. 3. L. Ludoviciana (DC. 1. c.): v smooth (3-5 feet high); leaves all Fach eti nene and sharply : tooth partly clasping; panicle divari ked; pa ppus conspicuously Nipitant; ^ aa yell ow, Nutt.—So nchus "adovicanu Nutt. pl Gala- thenium Ludovicianum, Nutt. i ns. Amer. phil. cad as to syn. Moist places in the open plains Miei Fort Mandan on the Siasi. Nutt- all. June.—This is entirely unknown tous. May it not be a state of the polymorphous Lactuca elonga ut a specimen in the herbarium of the emy of Natural Sciences at Philadephia (New Orlea: s, Mr. u!) tickete Mr. N ‘M um Ludovicianum’, is M. Floridanum, wanting the lower leaves. L. Canadensis (Linn. 1. c.), as to the e description, cw eee y as regards th = syn. * L. Canadensis altissima angustifolia, flore lide S Tourn. inst. p. 474; youd: is. perhaps the foundation of the species probably ‘relates to the common tuca elongata; to which, indeed, the very ee rfect specim wean herbarium may belong, although it is poe | by Smith as a Son cr 198. MULGEDIUM. Cass. dict. 33 (1824), p. 296 ; Less. syn. p. 142; DC. Agathyrsus, Don (1829). Heads many-flowered. Involucre calyculate-imbricated ; that is, with the xterior much shorter than the others and more or less imbricated. Receptacle kejas, foveolate. Achenia glabrous, compressed, striate with a law nerves oi or tonc on h side, the sumni i. git um a mote or less ‘ m, which ise expanded at the apex into a ciliate disk. Pappus of copious somewhat ' scabrous capillary bristles in one or more series, rather soft deciduous, either bright white or tawny.—Caulescent herbs. ar sad of the northern he- misphere); with pinnatifid or undivided leaves, and racemose or usually paniculate heads. Flowers blue, rarely dull bluish-white or ochroleucous. Will the body OL ; $ È Pappus bright white: corolla blue or purple —Ewvuospion, Dc. * dinis Mdnrig iie dae MN : sabolucre iniritited: zg à pulchellum Nutt.): glabrous, pale or glaucescent; stem simple or onto ly branched; ee s oblonga pies am or linear, sessile, mucronate, entire, or lower maar nn ; heads several, racemose-cory mbose ; the ci peduncles furnished wii with pe oo scale-like braetosien; scales of X x you. 1.—63 ~ 498 COMPOSITE. - MULGEDIUM. the conoi DE deme lanceolate, imbricated * in 3-4 series; achenia minutely scabro E tapering into a conspicuous beak.—M. pulchellum ki M.h terophyllum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 441. Sonchus pulehollus Pursh! fl. 9. p. 502. 8. Sibiricus, Ripards./ appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. A: Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 993; not e^ — ke jeast ‘a to the Siberian plant.) Lactuca integrifolia, Nutt! _ gen. 2. p. 124, not of Bigel. m oblongifolia, Nutt.! in Fras. cat.) L. pulcheiia, DC. eo = p. a. leaves entire, o d wer: tni A — toothed towards the base, varying from sites Bas ey te to narrow] - lower and sometimes € all the atte leaves runcinate-pinnatifid ; the ce brei Pegram s Alluvial soil, &c., from he pese Missouri and Platte, Nuttall! Mr. Ni- | pes d Lieu F'remont! and Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), north to Fort Franklin, o n iricum weer acuminate, nor dilated at the base "eA the uppermost) or clas pec , by the more imbricated sun i and especially by the achenium, w tapers gradually into a prominent beak ; the apex of which seldom habit peed firm texture of the body of the Pratt: The var. f. is also quite as nearly allied to artaricum ; the achenium of which is unknown to us * * Achenia with a short and thick or obscure beak : involucre calyculate-imbricated. 2. M. acuminatum (DC.! 1. c.): glabrous; stem paniculate at the sum ^ mit; cauline leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acum inate, denticulate or - in E S Ir] ect o Qu e = e g [e] — p. Ld = eo fet) 4 "m 2 ga a. BE o ms [e°] o> uw [2] HM e TE O £5 — ZEB a «d ue a - 3 S = o nea or men runcinate ; heads in a loose panicle, o on short di varicate al d some- hus Eee dum us, ! spec. 3. p. 1521; Pirs; fl-2. p. 502; 7 sk. 9. p. 255; Torr.! eet - p. 279; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 446. S. Floridanus, Miche. ! fil. 2. p. 85, in part. Lactuca villosa, Jacq. hort. Schenb. 3. ot. 170. Borders of ticket &c. New York! to Ohio! Kentucky ! Georgia! Alabama! Aug.-Sept.—(2) Stem 3-6 feet high, often purplish. Leaves 3-6 inches Ub. ig the radical and sometimes the lower ri truncate I - the base. rs blue or purplish-blue. Heads small, nearly as in th following Platea oni which the undivided leaves chiefly distinguish it. 3. M. Floridanu m (DC. ! l.c.): glabrous; stem paniculate above ; leaves . v nately parted, with the segments sin- uately or sharply toothed, the terminal usually triangular and acute or apudi nate; the lower leaves pe ed, often with small segments dienten; uppermost mu lanceolate, sinuate-lobed or toothed; sina es N lana E aR 3. $ BE o is BS g g B B c ZA Md ge ET, compound panicle, on druide slightly bideecolats neisi "velud: glabrous ; achenia with a short beak.—M. lyratum, Cass. dict. l. c. 33. p> 297. M. il. soc. l. c. p. 442. Chon- S & o RE P3 E 3 a 225. j ? (excl: syn. & habitat.) S. Wians, Manch. S.Tu- - / compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 100. Lactuca Floridana, e Floridanus, Beck, l. c. (quoad syn.) Galathe- h, Vult. tn trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.e. — ‘ * : Moxcepium. s —— ts 499 B. leaves soie rit sessile, or the upper VAR waning —M. multifloru .€. Sonchus racemosus, Lam. dict., ex DC. S: muliorus, Desf ur Par. s p.145. Gala bation multorum, Nuit. achenia very obscurely rostrate ; ot eas in the e ine plant. > b, lowe f leaves with one or two narrow ud p. elongated lobes on each and Ohio! to Florida, Louisiana! and Texas! y. In jana, Dr. Cla à. Ohio, ae É d ix orth Carolina, Mr. Curtis! "lenness ssee, pai ov / uly-Sept.— 2 tem 3-6 feet high; the summit branches often iria and a little qao MN — large, pes the UNI States, Rafinesque! Herb. Schweinitz ! Se. from m Virginia! app ` d -in form; the terminal lobe often smallest. Heads as large, or rather larger | apn Di Es " dii eT Pe: A *- 3 p^ d E. ian in J eR iti Involucre calyculate- ront, often tinged with purple. Flowers blu § 2. Pappus tawny: corolla light blue, or ochroleucous.—Acaima, DC. su M. leucopheum ice ! el dens o or nearly so; stem. very and E on the veins beneath ; the uppermost often undivided, lanceolate- acuminate; heads in an am subulate- brac teolate; involucre glabrous; flo sh-white or ochroleu- cous, usually changing to a pale "T blue; E slightly rostrate.— Sonchus alpinus, Linn. spec., as to spec. char ; Smith ! ic. pl. rar. t. 91. S. Canadensis, Linn. l. c., as to the habitat val ‘whole "e zl A relating to the European S. alpinus). S. spicatus, Lam. rh Je. S. siap Oa Willd. ! spet. 3. f 1520 Ai i ‘al Pur ; Desf.! cat. Par. Lg Bigel. fl. Bost. S. 'Floridanus, had Kew Fe Daring fi. Cest. p. 445. S. pallidus, (Pursh?) Torr. ! paan D i re 279, Canadensis, &c., flore leucophæo, Tourn. inst. p. 474. anadensis, "Linn. pec. 9. p. 796? A o e i dium devront leucopheum, JNutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 4 ifolia: leaves ohovate-oblong or lanceolate, undivided, or the lowers aip in pinadi, or s, &c., Saskatchaw Seip "Newfoundland! Canada! Massa- nd throughout the Northern and Y mm States! to the moun- Also O . Scou Aug.-Sept.— (2) Plant une OF Carolina lso Oregon, 3-12 feet high dme leaves often a foot E the upper sessile, ra ^ prilly dr guis o ANGE small. Pappus dirty wbite or tawi bro To th he synonyms of this well-marked pian, ge we ; addi that r Sonchus Piero pti TUR, of American write. i Of uncertain origin. . M. macrophyllum (DC.! 1. ¢.): stem strict, hispid a at the summit; eos noie. cordate at the base, somewhat lyrate, hairy bene ath, the terminal lobe very large and cordate; panicle loose, hispid; involucre sparingly hispid. .DC.—Sonchus macrophyllus, Wild. ! beg 3. - 1519. (exel. syn. Gronov.) “ S. Canadensis, Fræl. in Ust. p- 29." S. -cordifolins, Desf. cat. Par. (1804) p.87. ne North America.—Root tuberous. Stem 4-7 feet high. Flowers blue, as inthe common Succory.” Willd.—This well-m ehed eaten ape dieu on specimens MES in ena Berlin Botanic Garden; which is no-where recorded. e seen nothing like i it in this country, = " a 500 a COMPOSITÆ. > .Muzerpm. | , 9 are somewhat confident that it is not a native of North — We ave no conception what plant (if any) Pursh had in view, under this name, Which is said to grow in shady low grounds, near springs, from Poo ER to Carolina." M. alpinum, Less., should be excluded from the iW American Flora ae a aie s, in fact, having never been found i n Canada, nor the s alpinus, Smith, ic. 21, in Lapland or any part of Europe. "The history of the confusion respecting S. alpinus an anadensis produced by Linnzus, is evidentl follows. The specimens of the European S. alpinus and of a Canadian plan ! received from Kalm were transposed in the Linnzean herbarium; where the former which was well described in the Lachesis Lapponica and the Hortus Cliffortianus took the European species (which he afterwards named S. ceruleus) to be also a - native of Canada. Hence, Viet m = dde nymy has long since hoa dac 199. SONCHUS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Cass.; DC. prodr. 7. p. 184. Heads many-flowered, becoming tumid at the base. Involucre more or less imbricated. Receptacle naked. Achenia compressed, longitudinally ribbed or striate, not rostrate or attenuated at the apex. Pappus of copione very white exceedingly soft and fine capillary bristles, in several series.— eee. eer etce weed-like herbs (scarcely any of which are natives of ` this country); with undivided or pinnatifid leaves, and often corymbose. or damia dy Flowers ye * Annual herbs. * 1. S. tenerrimus (Linn.): stem erect, terete, glabrous, or with glandular hairs near the summit ; leaves auriculate-clasping, variously 1-2-pinnately parted ; i base of the involucre tomentose when young or at length naked ; ; "achenia n narrow, nervulate, fap epe REL te —L 02 spec. 2. p.794 ; ‘Sibth. Jl. Gree. t. 790 ; Boiss. ! voy. bot. p. 3 S. tener- | rimus & S. pectinatus, DC. redi ja p. 186, fide Boiss. s. ‘tenuifolius, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. 438. en Diego, a niei ia, Nuttall Ihe plant of Mr. Nuttall is said to gum. ady ravi ong rocks, around St. NDS but as the specimens wholly kon with leader states of S. tenerrimus (with the semen, na the leaves chiefly linear; the involucre at length glabrous, or with a few duliferous LES we suppose T was introduced from Spain, among other d s. mmit; cauline leaves runcinate-pinnatifid or rares undivided, Lu x toothed, cordate-clas wav the auricles acute or acuminate ; age i lee adiecit boue peduncles desee when I a length is; achenia striate, transversely ru is (e 5): Fl. Dan. £ 6825 Engl. bot 8135 (Bl. se TA 7 E wee inh St A o Som “= GOMPOSITA. 501 | Bigel. fl. Bost ed. 2. p. 2927); Hook.! fl. Bor. de d V 292 ( i Koch, fl. Germ. & Tale. p. 433. S. ciliatus, Lam. fl. p oe De prodr. 7. p. 185. .S. asper, Gertn. fr. 2. t. 158; not y Ene s S. lævis, } a e places, around gardens &c., introduced from Europe, and more or less saoid | in the United States! extending north to the Saskatchawan ! and Newfoundland. Aug.-Sept.—Leaves more pore " andthe teeth less spinulose than in the following qe Flow ale yellow. Achenia roughish or somewhat muricately rugose.— acters of this species not having been Hatice by American writers, we are uncertain what synonyms are to ) be here adduced.—Sow- Thistle. — 3. S. asper (Vill.): glabrous, or ver glandular-hairy at the summit; cauline leaves undivided, undulate, or slightly runcinate, conspicuously spin- - ulose-toothed, cordate-clasping, mer the auricles rounded ; the upper lanceo- late or oblong; the lower oval or spatulate, with a slender tapering base winged petiole ; involue cre and umbellate- -corymbose peduncles glabrous or slightly hairy ; acheni 13 h side, margined, smooth : (or the ig come amer an serrulate- cies Vill Dinh. l.c; Fuchs, hist. ; Fl. Dan. t. 893 ; iride - fle p. 45 fes c. S. olera- ceus, var. asper, AA & 6 «) «6 in Engl. bot. ed .9765 & 2766. 8. oleraceus, var. pec ier il Oakes! ak Vermont Ph, Thompson's gazeitee S. spinosus, Lam. fl. Fr., not of DC. S. "fallax, ge s sched. eric. ; DC. prodr. 7. p. 185. S. Caroli- nianus, Walt. Car. p. 199; Ell.! sk. 2. p.255; DC.! l.c. S.spinulosus, Bizel ! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 292; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 445; DC. l.c. B. achenia more distinctly margined.—S. oleraceus, Hoo Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 145 Sak: : ‘or.-Am. l. c., as to d plant. S. fallax? B. Clititicus, Nutt i trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. p. Fields and w tortis, in rich damp soil throughout the United States! Probably Seifigenous nd this country, at least in the south: now found i most oy part of the world. 8. Oregon, Dr. Scouler! CslUamia, Nutt- all, &c. Aug.- ii^ or in the Southern States, March-May.—Usually a smaller and more rigid plant than S. oleraceus. Flowers pale yellow.— Sow- T'histle. vt * * Perennial herbs. . S. arvensis (Li inn.): root creeping; stem erect, glabrous; leaves Paate eed spinellose-toothed, cordate -clasping at the base, the be ori short : and obtuse ; panicle umbellate-corymbose; the pedicels and involucre hi 1, the ribs transversely rugulose. DC. l. c. Dan . t. 606 ; Engl bot, i. 674 1 Pursh, fl. 2. p. 501; Beck, bot. p. 171; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p- 292. S. palustris, Muhl. cat. p.73? Newfoundland, Hooker. = Essex County, Massachusetts, Mr. Oakes! Shores of Staten Island, New Yo Ks and the adjacent part of New Jersey, it is Pe enn 5 Pursh ; in cultivated z e B o E a & & 85$ =] d. ad^ E ie < "n $ ese | Qa Re - a fargo: flowers bright yellow. ^ g. pallidus (Willd. spec.) is a nominal species, wholly dicii m < of Lactuca Canadensis of Linnzeus and To — which afford he for deem- 2 plant either a ikon or a Mulgediu bo gu greeks or pretend to - De mg spein, and it is mere pretence on the to speak of itasa common plant t in Canada and New England. s * 4 * i - - 802 | COMPOSITE. Liatnis. |, ADDITIONS TO COMPOSITE. LIATRIS, p. 67. af Eny L. Chapmanii : minutely cinereous-pubescent or nearly glabrous ; rigid, very leafy; ayes strongly punctate, linear, rather obtuse, taper- en to P base; the upper very short, the lowermost elongated ; spike virgate, s an the bracts, o cronulate, appressed, resinous-punctate, shorter than the pappus, the outer very me Co villous-canescent; pappus rigid, unose basmi cylin much longer than the achenia, densely barbellate pei the base, but scarcely more than denticulate at the apex.—This well- Ace je peðið be-. longs to the same subdivision as L. punctata, and has ful ully as large flowers ; but the pappus is scarcely more plumose than in L. secu sd 10. L. gramini ed ó. TR dubia, Been; s Ce Add syn. L. propinqua, 7 Hook. ka ae ig —Ifadm as c 2 ‘ imposed by Barton nee MA ated. EUPATORIUM, p. 81. E. — Bartl. (Ind. sem. Me Gett. 1840; Aet 15, suppl. P- 93) appears to be only a state of E. c — an e been mis- takenly oie dd as of American origin.—A form of A. avondale was cul- tivated in t d d Bote Garden in the year 1839, under the enous name of E. trifolia ngelma mannianun Link, proposed in Ind. sem. hort. Berol. 1840, founded on a plant raised from seeds sent from this country by Dr. Engel mann: but we pantie ae ge seen the description. ASTER, p. 103. : 0 (a). A. erynziifolius: stem wet hirsute, leafy to the summit, bearing - gir y or very few heads; leaves rigid, erect, labrous, narrowly linear- lanceola in F. serrate, or rarely entire; the radical attenuate at the base; the i . upper successively cated partly clasping; scales of the age Aap ipvo- ^ ue lucre numerous, nearly positae, foliaceous, rigid, mucronate oi ‘tip rays numerous (white D; achenia gla- anii, " this wor, y - lucre as Fak s nume ee » ASTER. am agg POSIT. 503 ô. Fremontii: stem leafy, Eo pis bearing one or two heads; leaves thia; the mess, erie oblon Mone d exterior qid scales of th ner very narrowly linear, us: pappus ite.—A span high: peas a i dition species, vp ias the Amelli with the Ar a Aster 38. A. ericoides, B. Lernen Add syn. A. pauciflorus, Martens! in bull. acad. Bruz. 8 (1841), p. 67.—The ericoides, Schkuhr, handb. t. 245, is a good representation of A. multiflor 71 (a). A. anomalus Pam De ind more or less cinereous-pubescent ; mple or racemosely branched above, the branches erect-spreading ; r flowering branches lanceolate, subsessile; scales of the hemis irte invo- lucre numerous, imbricated in several series, tpiresiesd at s base, with linear ape. t ted and squarrose tips; achenia glabro On limestone rocks, p brink of ec pi &c., in i linis and VAR st not RONDE fs elmann! Se ct.—A m arkable species, with nearly He foliage Of Aster Shortii; ‘while the dee s Aa involucre much resemble those of A. o ongifolius, being equally squarrose, but rather smaller, and scarcely pn or granular - A. reticulatus (Pursh) should errem be stricken out, and the syno- bes ‘referred to Diplopappus obovatus, p. 1 106. A. glacialis (Nutt.)—Defiles of the Wind River Chain of the ocky Mountains, pis also just below the cris Lieut. Fremont !—The latter specimens are only about two inches high, more pubescent ; eu leaves chiefly radical, short, and spatulate ; and the avere quite villous in a young state.— With the above, Lieut. Fremont also collected a specimen of A. Andinus, Nutt., A. ithediriolins, Nutt., 8c. * 107. A. xis aper (Richards haa, gr Chain of the Becky : Moan ains, above 0 feet, Lieut. Fremon oth v 8. (Lea varying from «as, la to abra raa aig "showy, Vai. and, urple ^ nog scaposus : MO AMAT. dwarf; scape slightly exceeding the obovate- oblong isi leaves, naked, or with a few bracts, bearing a single head.— Probably gathered near the snow- Jia. 110. A. erupit (Pursh).—New Hampshire, Mr. Eddy! in kr T'uckerman. A16. JE (Orthomeris) JYüsds Wind River Chain of the Rocky a tains, at the elevation of 7000 feet or more, Lieut. Fremont !—A close con- gener of A. elegans (of which Lieut. Fremont gathered a single a near the same Ly !) : rays several, small: achenia slightly. airy. 121; A ( tripolium) an gustus.—Saline wen margin of the Lake: of the Wools, ad of Devils Lake, Mr. Nicollet SOLIDAGO, p.195. . ' 23. S. humilis, 8.—Abundant in the Notch of the White Mountains of T Hampebire , Sei it was first collected by Mr. Tuckerman!) Near e W house, severa mens of this plant, rp also of Em altissi a, 2i: wen d with pomii white or cream-colore S. Virga-Aurea, y. malian int ive Chain of the Rocky Mountains, from 7000 feet i in elevation to -line, Lieut. Fre- 3 7 ý » y & omnt e " ¥ * i © . adal ei — SOLIDAGO. . ani !—Two büt were collected ; the one a ae this be with var. minuta and var. ee the other r larger, with a stout glabrous 25. S. F alpine region of the igi casis en of Now Ham mpshire. and asd o sparingly UE nthe exposed a ummits, far ied the limit of tree - "Pass; aii s ne a Marcy, Northern New York, Mr. “Maer Plant 1-3 feet high, mostly with an elongated vidas or thyrsoi oid leaff ra ra ceme.—Add syn. S. Virgaurea, Pursh! fl. 9. p. 542. (Labrador, Kohl- mised - S. glomerata (Michx.).—Our plant is coc the pai x Micha dies — of his herbarium having been compared wit y Mr. Decaisne. "The state pie a strict jer apa inflorescence, as ph by Michihs, has iacu been collected on the Black Mountain, North Caro- lina, by Mr. 31. S. Riddellii. 2) syn. S. seh petty Martens! in bull. acad. Bruz. 8 (1841), p. 6 - S. neglecta, is not found in N. Caroli ; the specimens received from rU aa e prove to have ew collected in owes a, It extends northward to Montreal, Mr. Macr. g - S. patula.—The phrase ‘ me very scabrous above,’ was acciden- tally omitted i in the sp as chara 49. S. amplericaulis.—'The reference to Martens nipdet: this remarkable " species must be erased, his S. amplexicaulis being S. Riddellii, as above noted SILPHIUM, p. 274. 3. S. pinnatifidum (Ell. ) must be e ced to a variety (B. pinna neni of S. ab ition ; Mr. Sullivant having — that they pass in ` each other, as we suspected, like dié varying forms of S. compositum. "d j vem ns from Alabama, collected by Mr. B Bickley, the leaves vary from sinuate-toothed to somewhat bipinnatifid. : a IVA, p. 286. aod & I. microcephala.—Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman !—kHeads larger than . inthe original description, 6-8-flowered. Leaves filiform-linear, often an inch long, vi with smaller ones fascicled in their mily punctate, and, like the EO i brape "as o trigose with minute hairs = Pe bic: a Ess HELIANTHUS, p. 318. 13. H. occidentalis nary smo ani redi Di =Y- Dowellian ; stem often stout (2-5 feet e high and more leafy, E mi cory i aie at the summit ; "^ ; .. Around ES p= in, Maco ac ar aita Vide Ct Pug Mr. Curiis ! Mr. var. 8. which ay at ie orti ary stat of she eec lower Tea s 3-6 inches in 2-3. broad, ra Lrudex of Genera, C632 "au" EPL Pid (9? Voter e de Dock ulrretre cet. 3 ue des | teiti praeeunt gie cuo aeger . Gree Lercecee cm medo ort ese fa be seek, Dol 7272 a. * | Bernera athe 2? bel. of tha Flore 7A akaero Past b4| Aroma BSS. Mc Vo n0 Lo pt , G4 WU Soon TE Woo . 103,902) onu 424 K k onrestepehes 159 Wee uc 246 MERE? 3 AE test 240 Maange denen Gyk. G7 ix 284 B Pune I a Melis La BS/ b ee oe Jun, ta tte D "72 T arf ne 403 Dopo kas] ELA. crest 2272 MP Nt RN ee mg 2t A 44 colon cee 4 (Pazovic secte! , 0G Boo SEO Ga rtt ode e e a orn Corr yr o t e ce l | e aei Aecio d Gerdirme 2 ET er o N $ M ut Powe Ibi v a 390 BA ee Se 44. 4-03 gh in LD uA «m ass: G2 Vt BAR ee E Jd. P rfe BETE PR CAE E R 245. kgr. leak E Lhe 447 eran DOS 410 | rrt LAR Oh. Mariene E Gopor Jt) TAA opu ART YEO E 36. P» tie 325 Ce iko 4b62| Dn I E ^ | eer, Len | Ar p po aos | (ke tember wo Hine 9 Ff Z adf reor uer itd Jor tfe. IE no SB acam nates Philly, LGW y mee Took 77.41 adscendeug tC FG. ty adiller nas DMI ZA g4 j ano ML ay - Df Phe WEE gp a 6o A feo atu a eren AZ. IE batt ogg (I n PP Ziy RGG (hog red Jats T s Ayr I 63 ame, ting lk by ainocnud Karn 63 Ark rt lan rp 0 P IL 23 ume Ft T Mihe- P, tn be mA Fong Na dq ALa Ath, > Ga Gub, Us ts m p EL pr tha Aks angusta Jorn fe. (21 flees SS a a rules renard, IC late GF bah KO Cm | rper ZA 16 Em rore Fer. 22. | | | arfomis floras dea oY Asper flees GI operi nua Hath 66 asperginig Pr Ad fer 44.2, adh erebus Forel 30 Chere dM sí. 12. Ager ed Lawl t VAT eem a ho. G belle eg GRAD SY Penne Arm Ig Crores Reihe $ pe nK YE gel > d g^ 7e PL A M Eu CEPR CE ripe FP Ae Me 4 732 bracleelabus La P qu PP ge Cange I~ gz » Cantarea Fisk . Ped npn em Darno r ZA 723 "X K Dlg. c Sorel qu ater Ae E Gegnern RI, 117 Chafee e; "eer os eg I SERO D E, hall Aiba n, Ko — A us c La x Ande 4g s PED Se Joa. Qeon er epa; GE. oni Concolor au. te Confer fus Nees ga Cena a tr amv c pia. VEN CMI. _ Ln Ce ho AUS y cx tes x oue JE pny. mr a Mle dh fe oe tr Cory bored pr or iov Terr Ge Pa Cy ences eL) 23. LE GenuGaler aw- up Qf UEM | ar er Sven eno Lf 4h Peer ug PR 29 US PE, Al 59 rrime Corker UI sy. ST a oti wr, OS M 33 T Cameras dei th AJI? LE x Geared. Gn, (M far CA, heny FT cepa Amb f S LAS For ko. 62 cloves Mor & fp. sé Eep hing LILI by ca ie A Aye ind ALO 7 fades WoC 4o rmm kef G oo o AGE 120 - EI ———— nhe, (MOO sy Cliacceag OIC. Wy flrolesed VR AA. uad n IE ftm MED. 47 vay | faded A128 etn Ao 34 at JY a ou ru, M rn I fera Jet v zed p 22 WA ee SY grece, af P green NYE P Cones ZZ, LZ grand fores fC, d AAW VP f co pano | Pastas: Ae fe. sI Mtn 112. Salle: [irr M. (TEMA) J. (0802) I M TO SC je ~ 55 Ken Mey FP JE ad PAARE, GH A AM Mias d P 22g pam 34 slo Y er, LK 95~ š pues Ca A mins FE oe e, T D Hp pe BLE) Lupi yir AL. ZA y ; m : A, fll Arb f a ater W/W) 23 Obie, oce. T ow Cacia a 22 | $ Beis LAD) 7 fo pA PP P» Gaag LAMI SE bi ay ee po E, tina. Jd: e ? » Vo Y So oce a — 2o ‘Se iun: TS m ee iris i A~ A ^w poder o 4P Ec pA es LOL M gio Me SM Pr» e : i n to en tog, re ade. Pd 2 2d g P cd acd s f 72 opa AE Hn ANA po wt Ae Ad I ph Lin cub. Fe Muskens He odi fn, Mak to VB SK fepe Nee d IL AD G Mp ey, | gg Mire UI tn, »: ^ etm e, e zy hel yy | PAC ota m7 nz Wa 4h Add 44 falra I-22. Barden 29 ASA ATS o. LT LCD zabalena Paz AMA M TII, M "aT 2 TEC paee flere P P à ppm prs fme Fu P Ae, tik MUTET A eot ap boar cg E. . m : “Six at rete le Ke AMT. LOZ JG a dE; coi D. TURNUM TS, PA I= Ms AEM 22 on a GG uy pelana NEMO jp tet nL LEV Be MN — Sate ; > — i- | Sjoerd lll? FO | XCTI RO gm er us fues go T 7; l Later foteow Sholli, Er MU ee Mba Se Pe pls w 7 o ZZ E^ LAC tepe nesir AL hard pay Lege Met — ony ARR R Ap PIF. ^g D de Caber AC 2g | rr Ad oce ur VOR a we Kor a CA, IE, ol. 14,3 ‘ sub na fer AUC TE —. ere ors Hees 2 snb Ar cnn Mid MICI YO As A TE Va | "S erf tee d Lp Vt p MER. 122 [EE hama Pla felon; e rto flores Peak. LF my Í PPE AENT tx 7 : eZ Ay Jer)cenr CAE fb | SETET: eg A AZ qe | Jaro fle at. Fee ze Mae RE (Cr nm n E] Ary KE te ESI i el er ME RET e ER Ae È bgy rA oa | i tg > Èr f Fag Hie Pod Lage SA ie) ag | Se laari. flees IU ceu ea chy in ed : fy oo A ; amm 5 A CA et. P Lf, IGT 7 Minore RIP depo 2.36 | za «pa C0 PER: e 7^ PM. Vader rad Pe P. mm Af ferr flors Ie IF nc D FO pd lids En ico i (thle leg Niate | Tener A E Sfeecrovur ES F. i PPP A ew. > poe o EE onu (AG Se ee ee | dh od AI gf t P ale pF khader Sef Ad 2g — L ger d penifleres Mucky (12. | e AE 34 Cf | perz idbar Bll! Gir miley un PR IF um mined Lan 4T oA a pt 63 verga Æ 24 Mes SS E | PM Po UY teh, 2. N- xy lo hepa fm