y m P x XN y ie \ / PUB CATIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, No. 4 ° PLANTAE WILSONIANAE AN ENUMERATION OF THE WOODY PLANTS COLLECTED IN WESTERN CHINA FOR THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY DURING THE YEARS 1907, 1908, AND 1910 BY E. H. WILSON: EDITED BY CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT Vouume III CAMBRIDGE THE UNIVERSITY PRESS - 1917 Part I. (pp. 1-188) issued May 8, 1916. Part II. (pp. 189-420) issued August 31, 1916. Part III. (pp. 421-666) issued January 31, 1917. EDITORIAL NOTE Tue publication of part III. of the third volume of the Plantae Wilsonianae finishes the enumeration of the trees and shrubs col- lected by Wilson during his two journeys in western China under- taken for the Arboretum. In this work, the first part of which appeared in July 1911, there are enumerated 2716 species and 640 varieties and forms of woody plants representing 429 genera in 100 natural families. Among these collections have been found 4 pre- viously undescribed genera, 382 previously undescribed species, and 323 varieties and forms of species now first described. In addition to these, 18 new species and 11 new varieties colleeted by Wilson have been described in other works before the publication of the Plantae Wilsonianae. In earlier journeys in China, Mr. Wilson dis- covered 121 new species of plants and 22 undescribed varieties of species; of these 52 species and 13 varieties are first described in this work. His four journeys in China, therefore, have added to the ligneous flora of that country 4 genera, 521 species and 356 varieties and forms of species not previously known. In addition to the descriptions of the new plants collected by Wilson there will be found in this work descriptions of 150 pre- viously undescribed species, 51 new varieties, and 17 new forms found in China outside the region visited by Wilson and princi- pally collected in Yunnan by Dr. Augustine Henry. The study of the material in American and European herbaria necessary for the preparation of this work has made it possible to prepare partial synoptical aecounts of about 30 important genera. A large part of these synoptical accounts in addition to those of the Chinese Empire include the species of Japan, and in several cases also those of the Himalayas. Among such synopses are those of such important genera as Salix, Populus, Ulmus, Carpinus, Corylus, Betula, Magnolia, Rhamnus, and the subgenus Cerasus of Prunus. . Of Celtis, Sorbus, and Malus accounts are given of all the species which grow in China and Japan, and the treatment of Smilax in- vi EDITORIAL NOTE cludes the species of China and Korea. The synoptical accounts of Rosa, Dentzia, Hydrangea, and several other genera are restricted to the Chinese species. i The herbarium staff of the Arboretum, consisting of Messrs. Rehder, Wilson, Shaw and Schneider, have been assisted in the prep- aration of this work by a number of European specialists. Dr. E. Janczewski of Krakow has prepared the account of Ribes; Dr. E. Koehne of Berlin that of Prunus, Maddenia and Philadelphus; Dr. W. O. Focke of Bremen that of Rubus; Dr. T. Loesener of Berlin that of the Aquifoliaceae; Dr. F. Gagnepain of Paris that of the Vita- ceae; Dr. A. B. Rendle of the British Museum has determined the Bambuseae collected by Wilson; Dr. J. S. Gamble, late of the Indian Forest Service, has elaborated the Lauraceae; Mr. W. G. Craib of the Royal Gardens, Kew, the Leguminosae; Mr. J. Hutchinson of the same institution the Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae; Dr. H. Harms of Berlin the Araliaceae; Dr. Henri Lecomte of Paris the Loranthaceae. Mr. J. B. Norton of the De- partment of Agriculture of the United States has prepared the ac- count of Smilax and Heterosmilax. I take this opportunity to thank these men in the name of the Arboretum for the assistance they have given us in elaborating these difficult groups. Without it want of sufficient material in American herbaria would have long delayed the completion of this work. For the arboriculturist and the gardener the results of Mr. Wilson’s journeys are as important and interesting as they have been for the botanist. During his two journeys in China for the Arboretum, Wilson collected 1593 lots of seeds, and 168 lots of plants and cut- tings representing 1193 species and varieties of woody plants. From these, plants of 918 species and varieties have been successfully raised at the Arboretum. Many of these plants, including most of the large collection of Rhododendrons and other broad-leaved ever- greens, and the plants found only at low levels in central China, have, however, not proved hardy in Massachusetts; and of the plants raised here from the seeds and cuttings collected by Wilson 473 species and varieties are now established in the Arboretum. The seeds collected by Wilson were shared with the best cultivators in the United States and Europe; and plants of the 445 species and varieties raised here which cannot grow in Massachusetts have also , been widely distributed and are now growing in the gardens of many temperate regions, especially in those of our Pacific coast states’ EDITORIAL NOTE vii where the Arboretum has established large collections of the new Rhododendrons and other Chinese plants. No man, perhaps, has discovered more new plants than Wilson, or made larger and more interesting contributions to gardens; and his specimens on which this work is based now found in the principal herbaria of the United States and Europe, and his plants now growing in many gardens are witnesses to his zeal, industry and success as a botanical traveler. C. S. SARGENT. DECEMBER, 1916. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAG Lajacnan: Smilax, Héterosmilax ... . . ee c 1 DDIOSCORMACH AE: DIOSCOTER 29100. 5 3 - 2. 29 X 14 CHLORANTHACEAE: Chloranthus ......- . per oe eee 15 oeo MORE Populus Sax . .. i ce cs 16 JUGLANDACEAE: Platycarya, Pterocarya, Juglans, Engelhardtia, SET AS o a Vo oi eu cur a m I ee, 180 MYRICACHAE: MyBO. -o a 450 ee 189 FAGAcEAE: Fagus, Castanea, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Quercus os e ee A UL IUE. 190 UrwaAcEAE: Ulmus, Celtis, Pteroceltis, Zelkova, Hemiptelea, Trema ADUBUSNONG — 5 0 00 5 10 a nci 238 Moraceae: Morus, Broussonetia, Cudrania, Ficus .... . 292 URTICACEAE: Boehmeria, Debregeasia . . ......... 312 LORANTHACEAE: Loranthus, Elytranthe, Viscum ..... . 315 BANTADACHAN- OSVH . 25 7. Su i nS s 320 OAC ONAR: Sehoepha o i a 0o e an res 321 ARIBTOLOOHIACHAE. Armtolooà —..— — —. . «2 4 0 323 PorLrcoNACGEAR: Polygonum; Rumex . . . . o kans 325 PrrrosPORÁCEAR: Pittosporum . = 5 4 6 9 oen 326 APOCYNACEAE: Melodinus, Trachelospermum, Sindechites, Val- lans, Body |... oo. e wes 331 ASCLEPIADACEAE: Periploca, Holostemma, Cynanchum, Seca- mone, Toxocarpus, Ceropegia, Tylophora, Dregea . . . . 343 CONVOLVULACEAE: Convolvulus, Prana ......... 355 BONENGDEAM- Ehren 45d. ee 363 VERBENACEAE: Callicarpa, Premna, Vitex, Clerodendron, RP 1. 1 EXER rr S 366 LABIATAE: Colquhounia, Elsholtzia, Plectranthus. . . . .. 380 SOLANA CIAT TAM a a oorr ne 385 GzsNERACEAE: Lysionotus. . . . «se 387 x TABLE OF CONTENTS RUBIACEAE: Adina, Emmenopteris, Wendlandia, Mussaenda, Randia, Gardenia, Diplospora, Lasianthus, Paederia, Lep- todermis, Nauclea, Uncaria, Hymenopogon, Luculia, He- dyotis, Mycetia, Myrioneuron, Tarenna, Ixora, Pavetta, Morinda, Prismatomeris, Psychotria, Chasalia, Saprosma Cow»osrTAE: Pluchea, Pertya, Senecio CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO VoLtumeEs I-III... . NOMEXRIAL Lists So So 3... n V GENERAL INDEX X MO da us War Qo IM ALL M RE Sted RE S ur EC UN Mur PAGE f LILIACEAE. Determined by Jesse Baker Norton. SMILAX L. Smilax herbacea Linnaeus, Spec. 1030 (1752). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. Y. 50 (1878). Coprosmanthus herbaceus Kunth, Enum. V. 265 (1850). The type of the species is confined to North America. Smilax herbacea, var. acuminata Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 97 (1903). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000 m., June 2, 1907 (No. 3246, in part; climber 2-2.6 m., flowers greenish); Patung Hsien, woodland, alt. 1600 m., June 1907 (No. 3246, in part; climber 2.6-3 m., flowers greenish); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodland, alt. 1300- 2000 m., July 1907 (No. 3246, in part; climber 2-2.6 m., flowers greenish). Smilax herbacea, var. oblonga Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 98 (1903). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1729; climber 1 m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woodland, alt. 1300-2000 m., October 1907 (No. 3245; sub- shrubby climber, fruit greenish). Szech'uan: E. Faber ('* probably No. 274"). Mandshuria: Western Shengking, E. Faber. A robust unbranched form with pulverulent pubescence on the underside of the leaves. Smilax glabra Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 792 (1832). — Wallich, Cat. No. 5114 B (1830). — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 218 (1841). — Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 420, t. 100 (1852-57). — Ben- tham, Fl. Hongk. 369 (1861). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 60 (1878). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. VI. 302 (1892). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 97 (1903). Smilaz Hookeri Kunth, Enum. V. 162 (1850). l]- 2 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1723; elimber 3 m.). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Smilax microphylla Wright in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895, 117; in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 99 (1903). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. X XIX. 259 (1900). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., June 1907 (No. 3247, in part; climber 2-4 m., flowers yellowish); Patung Hsien, ravine, alt. 1000-1600 m., June 1907 (No. 3247, in part; climber 2-4 m., flowers greenish yellow). Western Szech’uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., November 1908 (No. 1256; climber 2-4 m., fruit blue-black). Smilax scobinicaulis Wright in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895, 117; in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 100 (1903). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 259 (1900). Smilax brevipes Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 258 (1900). Western Hupeh: Wushan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., October 1907 (No. 455; climber 2-3 m., fruit greenish black); north and south of Ichang, alt. 600-1000 m., June and November 1907 (No. 627; climber 2-3 m., fruit black); Chang-yang Hsien, alt. 1300-2000 m., June and December 1907 (No. 671; climber 3-4 m., flowers yellow- ish, fruit greenish blue); Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 1300-1600 m., December 1907 (No. 680, in part; climber 3 m., fruit greenish black); same locality, June 1907 (No. 680, in part; flowers whitish) ; same local- ity, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 26, 1907 (No. 3233; climber 2-4 m.). Smilax pekingensis A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 108 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 100 (1903). Western Szech’uan: Mupin, alt. 2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1231; 1 m., fruit blue-black); southeast of Tachien-lu, alt. 2000-2300 m., June and October 1908 (No. 1271; bush 1.3-2 m., flowers brownish, fruits blue-black). Smilax vaginata Decaisne in Jaquemont, Voyage, IV. Bot. 169, t. 169 (1844). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 109 (1878). Smilax stans Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. St. Pétersbourg, XVII. 170 (1872); in Mél. Biol. VIII. 407 (1872). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 49 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 101 (in part) (1903). LILIACEAE, — SMILAX 3 Western Szech’uan: west and near Wén-ch’uan Hsien, alt. 2000-2600 m., October 1908 (No. 1019; 1.3-2 m., fruits black); Mupin, thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 3249; climber 3 m., flowers brownish yellow). Shensi: La-hua-shan, shady places, alt. 1300 m., December 29, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1390; shrub, deciduous, green branches, 1-1.6 m. in height, seeds under No. 21009). Western Yunnan: Tali range, alt. 3300-3600 m., lat. 25? 40' N., June 1906. G. Forrest (No. 4779). Smilax trachypoda Norton, n. sp. Smilax stans Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 101 (in part), not Maxi- mowicz) (1903). Frutex ramosus, erectus v. subscandens, 1-4-metralis; caules iner- mes, teretes, leviter striati, virides, in sicco flavescentes, internodiis 4-6 cm. longis; rami erecto-ascendentes, angulo 10-45? divergentes, leviter zig-zag, non penduli v. flexuosi. Folia disticha, ovata, cordata, acuminata, integra v. leviter crenulato-erosa, 7-10 cm. longa et 4-6 cm. lata, ad basin venarum subtus ut petioli papilloso-pubescentia pilis persistentibus rigidis 1 mm. longis v. brevioribus fulvescentibus v. albidis, venis 5 interdum in foliis majoribus pari marginali irregu- lari addito subtus prominentibus supra fere planis; petioli striato- costati, basi 2$ vaginati et tumidi, apicem versus tenuiora, 1.5-3 em. longi, ecirrhosi, vetusti persistentes, cicatricibus semiamplexicaulibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, plerumque una tantum ad basinrami cujusque; pedunculi initio graciles, in fructu validiusculi, saepe per annos per- sistantes, 3-5 em. longi; receptaculum non manifeste evolutum; brac- teae paucae, deciduae, anguste lanceolatae, rubescentes, circiter 3 mm. longae; pedicelli masculi 8-10, graciles, glauci, 10-15 mm. longi, feminei 3-10 mm. longi, in fructu crassiusculi; alabastra floris masculi - obovata, 3 mm. longa; sepala gracilia, lanceolata, recurva, luteo- viridia, 4-5 mm. longa; stamina 6, 24 perianthii aequantia; filamenta antheris multo longiora; flos femineus masculo minor, sepalis 2-3 mm. longis; ovarium obovatum, glaucum; stigmata brevia, recurva. Bac- cae 1-6, globosae, 1-2-spermae, coeruleo-nigrae, pruinosae, 6-8 mm. diam.; semina aurantiaco-rubra, 3-4 mm. diam. Wetéri Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600 m., May 1907 (No. 3242; semi-scandent bush 1.3-1.6 m., flowers geek). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2300 m., June and October 1908 (No. 1065, type; 2-3 m., fruits blue-black) ; same locality, alt. 2000 m., July 1908 (No. 3251, in part; 2 m.); same 4 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA locality, alt. 1600-2000 m., October 1910 (No. 4182; 2-3 m., fruits black); same locality, alt. 2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1051; 2-3 m., fruits blue-black, seeds orange-red); same locality, alt. 2000 m., July 1908 (No. 3250; climber 2 m., flowers green); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 1908 (No. 3251, in part; bush 1 m., flowers greenish), Closely. related to S. vaginata Decaisne from which it is easily distinguished by its larger size and by the most peculiar papillate pubescence of the petiole and leaf ribs. Some of the flowers on Wilson’s No. 3242 are abnormal in possessing both stamens and pistil. Smilax china Linnaeus, Spec. 1029 (1753). — Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 152 (1784). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVII. 171 (1874). — Kunth, Enum. Pl. V. 243 (1850). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 46 (1878). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 255 (1900). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 96 (in part) (1903). Smilax ferox Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 370 (not Wallich) (1861). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVII. 171 (1874). Smilax japonica Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. s. V. 412 (1857). Coprosmanthus japonicus Kunth, Enum. V. 268 (1850). Smilax Taquetii Léveillé in Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 372 (1912). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 8, 1907 (No. 3234; climber 3-5 m., flowers greenish yellow). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., October 1907 (No. 448; climber 2-4 m., fruit red). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor (six sheets). Korea: Quelpaert, ‘in sylvis Hal- laisan,” June and July 1909, T'aquet (No. 3306, co-type of S. Taquetii Léveillé); Hongno, May and August 1909, Taquet (Nos. 3307 and 3308). ; Although this species is credited by most writers as the source of “‘ China root," there is little doubt that some of its relatives are also used for this purpose. The Korean forms agree closely with the typical Japanese plants, having the same or- bicular leaves and zigzag stems; the leaves of Wilson’s No. 3234 from Hupeh also resemble closely the Japanese type, while the leaves of his No. 448 are like those of the Hongkong plant. Smilax megalantha Wright in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895, 118; in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 99 (1903). Smilax polycolea Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 257 (1900). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, abundant, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1719; climber 2m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of E 4 E. d E: 1 p E LILIACEAE. — SMILAX 5 Ichang, ravines, etc., alt. 30-100 m., March 20 and December 1907 (No. 661, in part; climber 2.5-3 m., fruits coral red, ‘‘ Tu fu ling ’’); same locality, March and December 1907 (No. 661, in part. West- ern Szech’uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1600 m., November 1908 (No. 3254; climber 3 m., fruits coral red); Ching-chi Hsien, Ta-hsiang- ling, alt. 1300-2000 m., May 1908 (No. 3253; climber 5 m., flowers greenish). Yunnan: Mengtsze, southwest mountains, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9867; red fruit). Smilax menispermoidea A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 108 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 99 (1903). Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 1300-2300 m., October 1908 (No. 1258; climber 1-2.5 m., fruit blue-black); south- east of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No. 3248; climber 2-3 m., flowers greenish). Western Yunnan: dry rocky situations amongst scrub, in side valleys on the eastern flank of the Tali range, alt. 3000 m., lat. 25° 40’ N., July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4793; shrub of 0.6-1.3 m., flowers dark green). Smilax longipes Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 256 (1900). Smilax china Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 96 (in part) (1903). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 900-1500 m., April 1907 (No. 667, in part; climber 3-4 m., flowers yellowish); December 1907 (No. 667, in part; climber 3-4 m., fruits blue-black); north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 600-1200 m., April and October 1907 (No. 489, in part; climber 3-5 m., flowers greenish yellow); same lo- cality, October 1907 (No. 489, in part; climber 3-5 m., fruits blue-black same locality, alt. 300-1200 m., April and October 1907 (No. 483; climber 3-4 m., flowers yellowish, fruits black); without precise local- ‘ity, A. Henry (No. 1222). Henry’s No. 1222 is cited by Wright as S. china, but it certainly belongs here. Smilax glauco-china Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 255 (1900). Smilax china Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 96 (in part) (1903). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 1300 m., July 29, 1907 (No. 1731; 2m.). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1000- 1600 m., May and October 1907 (No. 3241; climber 3-4 m., flowers greenish, fruits blue-black. The Chinese colloquial name of this species is '' Chin-pa-tou." 6 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Smilax discotis Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 256 (1900). Smilaz china Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 96 (in part) (1903). Smilax feroz A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 102 (in part) (1878). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 31, 1907 (No. 3231; large climber, flowers greenish; same locality, woods, alt. 1600 m., May 10, 1907 (No. 3235; large climber, flowers greenish); same locality, upland thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., May 19, 1907 (No. 3236; climber 2-3 m., flowers greenish); same locality, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 2, 1907 (No. 3239; climber 4 m., flowers whitish); same locality, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 2, 1907 (No. 3240; climber 4-5 m., flowers greenish); north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 300-1000 m., May 28, 1907 (No. 3232; climber 2-4 m., flowers greenish yellow); Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 11, 1907 (No. 3237; climber 2.6-4 m., flowers greenish yellow); same locality, roadsides, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 11, 1907 (No. 3238; climber 3-5 m., flowers greenish yellow). Western Szech’uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 1200-2000 m., July 1908 (No. 3243; climber 3 m., flowers yellowish); west and near Wén-ch’uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600- 2000 m., July and October 1908 (No. 3244; climber 3 m., fruit blue- black). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains north, alt. 2600 m., A. Henry (No. 10566; large climber); shady situations amongst scrub in side valley on the eastern flank of the Tali range, lat. 25° 40’, alt. 2300— 3000 m., July and August 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4796; spinous shrub of 1-2.5 m., flowers brownish green); Lichiang valley, lat. 27° 15’, alt. 2800 m., May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2180). The Chinese colloquial name of this species is “Hsao-chin-pa-tou.” Smilax discotis, var. concolor, Norton, n. var. A typo recedit habitu robustiore, foliis subtus non glaucis, auriculis stipularibus 24 petioli non excedentibus. Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600 m., June 1907 (No. 193, in part, type; climber 3-5 m.); same locality, September 1907 (No. 193, in part; climber 3-5 m.); Changyang Hsien, roadside thickets, alt. 1000-1300 m., October 1907 (No. 420; climber 2.5 m., fruit black). Smilax micropoda A. De Candolle, var. reflexa Norton, n. var. Smilaz flaccida Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 259 (non Wright) (1900). LILIACEAE. — SMILAX T Caules rugulosi, teretes, sed alis duobus angustis a basi petiolorum decurrentibus instructi; aculei parvi, recurvi; rami angulo obtuso, 100°-130°, divergentibus. Folia opaca et supra leviter scabrida, sub- tus pallidiora et plus minusve lucida. Ramuli floriferi valde reducti, ut videtur nulli; pedunculi breves, plerumque bracteis basalibus obtecti; baeca monosperma, nigra, 6 mm. diam. Western Hupeh: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 3327, type, in U. S. Nat. Mus.); Chang-yang Hsien, alt. 1300-1600 m., April and Dec. 1907 (No. 678; climber 1.6-2.6 m., flowers greenish yellow, fruits black). Smilax cocculoides Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 257 (1900). Smilax stans Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXV1. 101 (in part) (1903). Smilax vaginata Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 101 (1903). Western Hupeh: Ichang, ravines, alt. 30-300 m., March 20, 1907 (No. 3252; small climber, flowers dull yellow). Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 11239; large climber, red fruit). KEY TO THE CHINESE AND KOREAN SPECIES OF SMILAX. Shoots strictly herbaceous, never spiny; leaves thin, mucronate-pointed; perianth- segments of the staminate flowers more than 3 mm. long, widely reflexed. Shoots short, usually erect; tendrils absent from leaves at flower bearing nodes; ledvesovatd Unl . — 1. a a eri ete V I 1. S. Oldhamii. Shoots usually more than one m. tall, scandent, with tendrils at flower-bearing HORN 00 2 au EIU ECIAM a pues ue. m 2. S. herbacea. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Leaves pulverulent beneath; peduncles usually 8-12 cm. long. var. acuminata. Leaves glabrous; peduncles usually 5-8 cm. long. Leaves cordate at base; perianth segments 5 or more mm. long. var. angustata. Leaves not cordate at base; perianth segments less than 5 mm. long. var. nipponica. Leaves oblong. . . |: . v2 40.5.04 72 O1. E var. oblonga. Shoots woody; leaves thicker, often coriaceous or evergreen. Flowers appearing with the leaves; peduncles single in the axil of a leaf, not arising from a cluster of scale-like bracts. deere segments of the staminate flowers incurved, usually less than 3 mm. lon, Peldunde much longer than the petiole; receptacle not strongly developed at With few hratte 25.1 u ovs ie. 3. S. riparia. Peduncle shorter than the petiole, receptacle often nearly sessile, well de- veloped and with numerous, bracts. Leaves glaucous beneath, turning red-brown when wilted; fruit thick- walled, over 6 mm. in diam. Leaves ovate-lanceolate; ĝ flower buds normal . . 4. S. hypoglauca. 8 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Leaves oblong-lanceolate; ĝ flower buds short, with a distinct carina, or ridge along outer segments .......2.... 5. S. glabra. Leaves scarcely glaucous, turning a blackish green when wilted. Leaves ovate to ovate-hastate, up to 5 cm. or more long; receptacle with its scales often 5 mm. in diam.; a large climber with a few spines. 6. S. trigona. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, less than 5 cm. long; receptacle small, few- flowered; stems often quite spiny . . . . . .. 7. S. microphylla. Perianth segments of the staminate flowers not incurved, usually reflexed, and more than 3 mm. long; receptacle not strongly developed, with few decidu- ous bracts; peduncle approximating petiole in length. Plant not at all glaucous; spines straight, acicular or bristle-like, usually abundant when present; berry greenish black. Leaves ovate, usually cordate; peduncles longer than the petioles; spines stout; black. o ; 5. 1:8 5 3 CHE S 8. S. Sieboldii. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, scarcely cordate; peduncles shorter than the petioles; spines when present bristle-like . . . . 9. S. scobinicaulis. Plant glaucous, at least on pedicels and fruit; berry red or blue-black. Stipular auricle not distinct from the petiole; petiole vaginate at base, without tendrils; erect, spineless, deciduous shrubs with blue-black berries. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, narrowed at base, peduncle 1-3 cm. long, I2B8owewed = -coro 1/7 3 394 10. S. pekingensis. Leaves ovate, broad at base, usually cordate, up to 5 or more cm. long. Fetioles glabrous, strinte:- -.... a is 11. S. vaginata. Petioles scabrous, papillate pubescent . . . .. 12. S. trachypoda. Stipular auricle distinct, ending in tendrils on the larger shoots; climbing vines usually with stout, recurved spines. Berries red. Leaves ovate to orbicular, not long-pointed, not glaucous beneath. 13. S. china. Leaves oblong lanceolate, apiculate, glaucous beneath. 14. S. megalantha. Berries blue-black; leaves usually glaucous below. Petiole 1-2 em. long. E near apex of the petiole; leaves dvds d gece strongly cct o qu a eee E S. menispermoidea. Tendrils below the middle of the petiolo; n oval; branches seareely Wg3üg. . —— 21 4 2 04:9 ae 16. 8. longipes. Petiole rarely 1 cm. long. Stipules not large; leaves oval-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, glaucous beneath -< o zc. . a 9 sa 17. S. glauco-china. Stipules developed into a semicircular auricle; leaves broad at the base, usually cordate. Auricle extending entire length of petiole; leaves glaucous be- neath. 18. S. discotis. Auricle extending about half way to blade, leaves not glaucous beneath: 36.245. ie 020289090 ex var. concolor. Flowers produced on special, leafless branches, sometimes much shat but indi- cated by a group of bud scales in the axil of the mature leaf where the flowers appear. Flower branches simple, normally with one umbel. LILIACEAE. — SMILAX 9 Erect shrub without tendrils; leaves ovate, small, 1-3 cm. long; umbels few- flowered; perianth segments less than 3 mm. long . . . . 19. S. rigida. Climbing vines, with tendrils. Umbels nearly or quite sessile, peduncle hidden by basal bracts. Stem: smooth s o. DN o io va ctrca t 20. S. micropoda. Stem wcabrous; winged | 9. 1 15.573 4 40 1 e roa var. reflexa. Umbels distinctly peduncled. Flowering branch and peduncle combined longer than the petiole; leaves thick; opaque .-. 5 ue on dU v e Ts ai c 21. S. opaca. Flowering branch and peduncle combined shorter than the petiole. Leaves thin, green, somewhat shining ...... 22. S. lanceaefolia. Leaves thick, light colored, opaque. Leaves oval-lanceolate s . . .. i .. ... 28. S. cocculoides. Leaves long-lanceolate . . . . . . . . . . ... var. lanceolata. Flower branches normally with more than one umbel; large climbing vines. Stipules developed into a large spreading auricle encircling the stem. 24. S. ocreata. Stipules not abnormally developed. Stem scabrous, leaves Ov . . . . 4... E 25. S. stenopetala. Stem smooth; leaves ovate. Exerted stamens longer than the perianth. ..... 26. S. ovalifolia. Exerted stamens shorter than the perianth ...... 27. S. indica. ENUMERATION OF THE CHINESE AND KOREAN SPECIES. Sect. I. NEMEXIA. A. DeC. The section Nemezia has been used by De Candolle and later writers as a de- pository for a large number of species that have no immediate relationship to the American members of the section. Smilax china Linnaeus and its relatives were placed in both Nemezia and Eusmilax because of the variable number of ovules. De Candolle recognized the apparent relationship of S. feroz Wallich to the S. china group and the absolute similarity between S. stans Maximowicz and S. vaginata Decaisne, but still placed them in different sections. Neither is it possible to allow S. lanceaefolia Roxburgh and its relatives to remain in this section, as the habit of the inflorescence in this genus is plainly a better indicator of relationship than the presence of one or two ovules, which is often a variable character even in the same ovary. 1. Smilax Oldhamii Miquel in Versl. Med. Kon. Acad. Weten. ser. 2, II. 86 (1868); z a Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 150 (1868). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 1878). ^ Korea: Quelpaert, north in “ sylvis Hallaisan," alt. 800 m., May 15, 1910, Taquet (Nos. 4059, 4060). 2. Smilax herbacea Linnaeus. See p. 1. Smilax herbacea, var. acuminata Wright. See p. 1. i eere herbacea, var. angustata Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 97 1903). Hupeh: Nanto, A. Henry (No. 5600 F; co-type) Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. pe 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 13649; large climber). T. hog 10 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Smilax herbacea, var. nipponica Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, XVII. 174 (1872). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 52 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 98 (1903). Smilaz nipponica Miquel in Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Weten. ser. 2, 11. 87 (1868); in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 150 (1868). Korea: Quelpaert, “in sepibus Hongno," July 1908, Taquet (No. 1598); “in sylvis Nokan,” alt. 600 m., September 7, 1908, Taquet (No. 1601). Smilax herbacea, var. oblonga Wright. See p. 1. Smilax herbacea with its many forms extending over temperate North America and Eastern Asia needs a careful revision, but the number of good specimens in the larger herbaria in this country is still very inadequate. The open land and the forest forms of the same variety often look so different that the collector assumes them to be entirely different species. Sect. II. COILANTHUS A. De C. 3. Smilax riparia A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 55 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 100 (1903). Central Fokien: Dunn’s Exped., April-June = (Hongk. Herb. Nos. 3570, 3576). De Candolle described this species as herbaceous; ‘the above numbers were partly identified on the original label as S. herbacea, and a similar specimen by Wright in the U.S. Nat. Mus. is labeled S. consanguinea, a supposed synonym of S. herbacea ; yet all the specimens seen have perennial shoots from which the apparently her- . ; baceous growth arises. The flowers in this Wright specimen reveal the Coilanthus affinities of this species. 4. Smilax hypoglauca Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 369 (1861). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 61 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XX XVI. 98 (1903). Yunnan: Szemao, mountains south, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12115, 12115*; climber; black fruit). Hongkong: January 19, 1893, C. Ford. 5. Smilax glabra Roxburgh. See p. 1. 6. Smilax trigona Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. X XIX. 258 (1900). Yunnan: Mengtsze, exposed mountains, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 9330; large climber); same locality, rocky mountains, alt. 1800 m. A. Henry "No. 9330*; large climber, reddish flowers). 7. Smilax microphylla Wright. See p. 2. Sect. III. EUSMILAX A. De C. 8. Smilax Sieboldii Miquel in Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Weten. ser. 2, II. 87 (1868); in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 150 (1868). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. — Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVII. 169 (1872); in Mél. Biol. VIII. 406 (1872). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 48 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 100 (1903). Korea: Seoul, September 21-24 1905, J. G. Jack. Korean Archipelago: Quelpaert, “in sepibus Gylungen (?),” June 11, 1910, Taguet (No. 4061; same island, “ in sylvis Nokayi," July 1908, Taquet (Nos. 1602, 1603); same island, “ in sepibus Hallaisan," June 1909, Taquet (Nos. 3303, 3304, 3305). Smilaz Sieboldii and S. scobinicaulis Wright are very closely related to Smilaz Lem Muhlenberg and have been removed from Nemexia to their proper place in . LILIACEAE. — SMILAX 11 9. Smilax scobinicaulis Wright. See p. 2. 10. Smilax pekingensis A. De Candolle. See p. 2. 11. Smilax vaginata Decaisne. See p. 2. 12. Smilax trachypoda Norton. See p. 3. 13. Smilax china Linnaeus. See p. 4. 14. Smilax megalantha Wright. See p. 4. 15. Smilax menispermoidea A. De Candolle. See p. 5. 16. Smilax longipes Warburg. See p. 5. 17. Smilax glauco-china Warburg. See p. 5. 18. Smilax discotis Warburg. See p. 6. Smilax discotis, var. concolor Norton. See p. 6. 19. Smilax rigida Wallich, Cat. No. 5120 (1830).— Kunth, Enum. V. 164 (1850). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 105 (1878). Western Yunnan: dry situations amongst scrub, in side valleys on the eastern flank of the Tali range, alt. 3000-3300 m., lat. 25° 40’ N., June-July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4785; shrub of 0.3-1.3 m., flowers brown). 20. Smilax micropoda A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 58 (1878). The type of this species occurs in Assam and Burma. Smilax micropoda, var. reflexa Norton. See p. 6. 21. Smilax opaca Norton, n. comb. Smilax lanceaefolia, var. opaca A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 57 (1878).— Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 99 (1903). Smilax lanceaefolia Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 420, t. 99 (non Roxburgh) (1852-57). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 370 (1861). — Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XLVI. 214 (1901). Hongkong: C. Ford. ; This plant is plainly distinct from the S. lanceaefolia Roxburgh of India and Southwest China. 22. Smilax lanceaefolia Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 72 (1814); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. Le (1832). — Wallich, Cat. No. 5132 (1830). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. . 57 (1878). = Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12902; large climber, red flowers; No. p large climber; No. 12902; large climber, white flowers; No. 12799; climber, white flowers); Mengtsze, forests to southeast, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11489); same locality, mountain forests to southeast, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 10397); same locality, forests to southwest, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10911; large climber). 23. Smilax cocculoides Warburg. See p. 7. Smilax cocculoides, var. lanceolata Norton, n. var. — ; A typo recedet foliis anguste lanceolatis, 15-20 cm. longis 3-5 cm. latis subtus vix glaucis. Yunnan: Szemao, mountains east, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12577). 24. Smilax ocreata A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 191 (1878). : Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12903; large climber, whitish flowers; No. 129035; large climber, reddish fruits); same locality, southern nts 12 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA forests, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 12902°; large climber); Mengtsze, forests, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 11237; large climber, green flowers). Kwangtung: Hainan, C. Ford (in part, and partly Smilax china Linnaeus). 25. Smilax stenopetala Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. VI. 412 (1859). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVI. 169 (1872); in Mél. Biol. VIII. 405 (1872). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 189 (1878). — Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. suppl. 96 (1896). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 101 (1903). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (Nos. 52, 55, 115, 144); South Cape, A. Henry (No. 284). 26. Smilax ovalifolia Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 72 (1814); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, ITI. 794 (1832). — Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 421 (1852-57). — Bentham, Fl. _Hongk. 370 (1861). — A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. I. 199 (1878). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 100 (1903). Smilax prolifera Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 795 (1832). — Kunth, Enum. V. 247 (pro parte) (1850). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 9415^; flowers green); same locality, mountains southeast, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (No. 9225; green fruit, very large climber); Szemao, forests, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12719; large climber, white flowers.) With plenty of material this species may prove a complex of several forms. 27. Smilax indica Vitman, Summa Pl. V. 422, (1879). — A. De Candolle, — Monog. Phaner. 1. 187 (1878). E Smilax Hohenackeri Kunth, Enum. V. 240 (1850). i Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 11238; large climber, green flowers). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. The following species reported from China have not been included in this list — for various reasons, mostly because of insufficient evidence of their validity. S. Davidiana A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 104 (1878). Not seen. ; S. flaccida Wright in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895, 118. This species is placed — by Wright in Eusmilax, but all the material I have seen of Henry's No. 3630, on — which the species is based, is strictly herbaceous and closely related to S. herbacea, — var. angustata. S. laevis, var. ophirensis A. De Candolle fide Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 99 (1903). A doubtful identification. y S. cyclophylla Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 257 (1900). This may be S. — menispermoidea which is not included by Warburg in his list. A a S. cinerea Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 258 (1900). Probably not distinct — from S. ocreata De Candolle. S. Bockii Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 259 (1900). E S. Nebelii Gilg in Bot. Jahrb. XXXIV., Beibl. LXXV. 26 (1904). Probably S. — Sieboldii Miquel. S. Lyi Léveillé in Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. VIII. 171 (1910). Probably S. ocreata. S. perulata Léveillé in Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. IX. 78 (1910). Probably S. ovalifolia Roxburgh. Léveillé and Vaniot in Léveillé, Liliac. etc. Chine, 26-28 (1905) have published several new names under this genus, but without sufficient description to allow one to even guess at the synonomy. Their S. ocreata is preoccupied by the S. LILIACEAE, — HETEROSMILAX 13 ocreata of A. De Candolle. S. gracillima (p. 26) is described as a monoecious plant and is probably not a Smilaz. Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokio, XXX. 1-471, Mat. Fl. Formosa (1911) pub- lishes several new species, but until more Formosan material is available for study little can be said as to the value of these names. HETEROSMILAX Kunth Heterosmilax Gaudichaudiana Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. n Pétersbourg, XVII. 176 (1872); in Mél. Biol. VIII. 415 (1872). — De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 44 (1878). — Wright in Jour. At Soc. XXXVI. 95 (in part) (1903). Smilax Gaudichaudiana Kunth, Enum. V. 252 (1850). Oligosmilaz Gaudichaudiana Seemann in Jour. Bot. VI. 258, t. 83 (1868). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300 m., June 1907 (No. 674, in part; climber 3-4 m.); north and south of Ichang, ravines, common, alt. 300-1150 m., June and December 1907 (No. 674, in part; climber 2-4 m., fruits blue-black.) To complete the enumeration of the Chinese Smilaceae two other Heterosmilaz native to eastern China and Formosa may be added here. Heterosmilax Gaudichaudiana, var. hongkongensis A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 45 (1878). Heterosmilax Gaudichaudiana Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 370 (1861). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 95 (in part), (1903). Smilax hongkongensis Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 420 (1852-57). Hongkong: C. Ford. Heterosmilax japonica Kunth, Enum. Pl. V. 270 (1850). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVII. 175 (1872); in Mél. Biol. VILI. 415 (1872).— A. De Candolle, Monog. Phaner. 1. 43 (1878). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. II. 50 (1879). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 96 (1903). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 74; fruit); Tchow, A. Henry; South Cape, A. Henry (No. 1302; fruit). DIOSCOREACEAE. Determined by ALFRED REHDER. DIOSCOREA L. Dioscorea acerifolia Uline apud Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 261 (nomen nudum) (1900). — Prain & Burkill in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, LXXIII. pt. 2, Suppl. 7 (1904); in Prain, Contrib. Ind. Bot. 419 (1906). Dioscorea quinqueloba C. H. Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 92 (1903), synon. exclud. — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 243 (1910); XVIII. 110 (1911). Western Hupeh: north of Ichang, thickets, common, alt. 1200- 1500 m., July 1907 (No. 2923; climber 3-5 m.) ; without precise local- ity, A. Henry (Nos. 150, 5870, 58705, 7358). Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVI. 93 (1903). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 243 (1910); XVIII. 165 (1911). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 1200- 1500 m., July 1907 (No. 2921; climber 2-3 m., rootstock — without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 1621). Dioscorea japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 151 (1784). — Miquel in Ann. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. III. 159 (1867), exclud. synon.; Prol. Fl. Jap. 323 (1867), exclud. synon. — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Fl. Jap. II. 47 (1879). — Makino, IU. Fl. Jap. I. t. 22 (1890). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 261 (1900). — C. H. Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI. 92 (1903). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 900 m., July 1907 (No. 2922; climber, 3 m.; staminate flowers). 14 CHLORANTHACEAE. Determined by ALFRED REHDER. CHLORANTHUS Sw. Chloranthus brachystachyus Blume, Fl.*Jav. fase. VIII. 13, t. 2 (1828-51). — Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. Y. pt. 1, 801 (1855); in Ann. Mus. Ingd.-Bat. III. 129 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 293 (1867). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 334 (1861). — Solms in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 1, 475 (1869). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 444 (1875). — Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 56 (1879). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 100 (1886). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 367 (1891). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 272 (1900). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add ser. X. 221 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 74 (1914). ? Chloranthus monander R. Brown in Bot. Mag. XLVIII. t. 2190, in nota (1821). Ascania serrata Blume, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 80 (non Chloranthus serratus Roemer & Schultes) (1827). Sacandra chloranthoides Gardner in Calcutta Jour. Nat. Hist. VI. 348 (1846). — Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. VI. t. 1946 (1853) — Le Maout & Decaisne, Traité Gén. Bot. 516, fig. (1876). Chloranthus ceylanica Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. Y. pt. 1, 802 (1855). Chloranthus denticulatus Cordemoy in Adansonia, III. 296 (1863). Chloranthus ilicifolius Blume in herb. ex Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 129 (pro synon.) (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 293 (1867). Chloranthus montanus Siebold ex Miquel, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1867). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, alt. 11-1300 m., October 1908 (No. 1124; suffruticose, 0.6 m., fruit scarlet). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains to southwest, alt. 1200 m., A. Henry (No. 9361*; shrub 0.5 m.); same locality, mountains to southeast, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 9361°; shrub 1.6 m.); Szemao, alt. 1300-1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12341, 12341}, 12341*; shrub 1.6-2 m., fruit red). Hongkong: C. Wilford, C. Wright (No. 469), H. F. Hance (No. 379); Tsin-tso- ngam, Jan. 22, 1907 (ex Herb. Hongk. No. 3337). Henry's No. 12341 and 12341P differ from the typical form in their larger in- florescence, which measures, including the peduncle, from 6 to 13 cm. in length. 15 SALICACEAE. 1 Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. POPULUS L. Populus Wilsonii Schneider, n. sp. | Arbor late pyramidalis, 5-24 m. alta, trunco circuitu 0.5-1.5 m, primo aspectu Idesiae polycarpae non absimilis; ramuli crassi, anno- - tini cylindrici, purpurascentes v. olivaceo-brunnei, saepe subglauci, . glabri; vetustiores cinereo-brunnei, deinde cinerascentes; gemmae satis magnae, ut videtur obtuse ovatae, rubro- v. flavo-brunneae, glabrae sed (an semper?) leviter viscosae, perulis glabris margine ciliatis obtectae. Folia papyracea, initio rubescentia, deinde supra obscure glauco-viridia, ut videtur semper glabra, subtus discoloria, ci- nereo-viridia, opaca, initio floccoso-tomentosa, cito subglabra, costam et nervos primarios sparse pubescentia v. pleraque tantum basi in axillis nervorum barbata utrinque laxe retieulata, late ovata v. subrotunda v. late ovato-oblonga, basi plus minusve cordata v. rotundo-truneata, apice obtusa, margine crenato-dentata dentibus - 3-5 mm. distantibus distincte callosis, minora circiter 8 cm. longa et 7 em. lata, majora ad 18 em. longa at ad 15 cm. lata v. interdum ad 20 cm. longa et ad 16 cm. lata; glandulae ima basi foliorum duae (v. interdum nullae), subrotundae, leviter excavatae; petioli purpuras- — centes, supra leviter caniculati, (4-)6-11 cm. longi. Inflorescentiae tantum femineae cognitae, iis P. lasiocarpae simillimae, pubescentes, | juveniles c. 7 cm., fructiferae ad 15 cm. longae; flores breviter pedi- cellati. Fructus subglabri (an semper?), ovati. Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, very rare, alt. 1800 m., May 20 and August 1907 (No. 706°, type; pyramidal — bushy tree 8 m. tall, 0.5 m. girth); Changyang Hsien, alt. 1300-2000 — m., May 1907 (No. 706^; tree 20-25 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.); Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1800-2600 m., June 16, 1910 (No. 4450; tree 5-15 m. - tall, girth 0.75-1.25 m., usually very bushy; sterile); north and south - of Ichang, high mountains, 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 384, in part; - tree 7-13 m. tall; flowering branchlets). Western Szech'uan: — 16 È SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 7 northeast of Sungpan Ting, upland thickets, alt. 3000-3300 m., August 1910 (No. 4450; bushy tree, 6-7.5 m. tall; sterile). In the herbarium it is not easy to distinguish this species from the nearly related P. lasiocarpa Oliver, but according to Mr.Wilson's description, and judging by the young living plants in the Arnold Arboretum P. Wilsonii seems to be a very distinct species. It is readily distinguished from P. lasiocarpa by its habit, by the gla- brous and purple, not tomentose and yellowish branchlets and by the color of the leaves. These are bluish green above and rather whitish gray beneath, while the leaves of P. lasiocarpa are clear-green above and greenish and a little shining beneath. The shape of the leaves of P. Wilsonii is round-ovate, and not so deeply cordate at the base as the more broadly oblong leaves of P. lasiocarpa. The nearest relative to P. Wilsonii seems to be P. glauca Haines (see p. 30). This is a rare tree in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan, where it grows in forested country between 1300 and 3300 m., especially near watercourses. In the forests it is pyramidal in outline with rather thin ascending-spreading branches and dense foliage; in the open the outline is more or less columnar and the branches are short and spreading. The dark bluish-green leaves are strikingly handsome, and in habit and general appearance it reminds one of Idesia polycarpa Maximowicz. Pictures of this Poplar will be found under Nos. 090 and 099 of the collection of my photo- graphs. E. H. W. Populus lasiocarpa Oliver in Hooker’s Icon. XX. t. 1943 (1890). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 536 (1899). — J. H. Veitch in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. XXVII. 65, fig. 27 (1903). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 17 (1904). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 66) (1905). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 51 (1908). — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 120 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908).— Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1846, t. 408, fig. 9 (1913). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 215 (1914). — Skan in Bot. Mag. CXLI. t. 8625 (1915). Populus Fargesii Franchet in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 11. 280 (1896). Western Hupeh: North and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1300- 2300 m., May 1907 (No. 706, in part; tree 16-24 m. tall, girth 1.25- 1.65 m.); same locality, June 1900 and 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 384, in part; tree 7-13 m. tall; ripe fruits); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 2000 m., July 1907 (No. 706, in part; tree 20 m. tall, girth 1.25 m.); Fang Hsien, woodlands, common, 1800-2300 m., June 1910 (No. 706, in part); without locality, May 1904, mountains, 2500 m. (Veitch Exped. No. 4538; tree, 20 m. tall); district of Chienshih, alt. 1300- 2000 m., common in mountains, A. Henry (No. 5423*, type; good 18 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA timber tree); without locality, A. Henry (No. 5423; male catkins, No. 4013, fruits). Possibly P. Fargesii may prove to be the preceding species, but according to Burkill, 1. c., Franchet himself pointed out that his P. Fargesii should be united with P. lasiocarpa. Unfortunately 1 have not seen Franchet’s type specimen which came from Tchen-keou-tin, Szech'uan, and his description is too insuffi- cient. The pubescence of the leaves and branchlets of P. lasiocarpa is variable, and cultivated plants usually are much more glabrous than the wild trees. In moist woods this is a very common tree in western Hupeh and eastern Sze- ch’uan, but I do not remember meeting with it in western Szech'uan. It is a tree of medium size with a straight and relatively thin trunk clothed with dark gray fissured bark. The crown is pyramidal or rounded at the top and rather sparingly branched and the branchlets are thick. Colloquially it is known as the Tai-erh-po. Pictures of this Poplar will be found under Nos. 561, 563, 572, 0127 and 0130 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 401, 402. The specimen figured in the Botanical Magazine (l. c.) has polygamous flowers, but this is not normal in this or any other species of Poplar, though it has been detected occasionally in many species and probably occurs from time to time in them all. In the Botanical Magazine (l. c.) it is stated that the introduction of this Poplar was effected by means of “a living plant." This should read “plants,” since the original consignment which 1 sent to Messrs. Veitch comprised about a dozen small specimens of this tree, and probably normal flowers of the two sexes will appear when these trees flower. E. H. W. Populus suaveolens Fischer in Allg. Gartenzeit. IX. 404 (1841); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 348 (1842).— Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. 2, 629 (1850). — Maximowicz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 51 (1879), tantum forma a pro parte. — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 84 (pro parte) (1893). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 14 (pro parte) (1904).— Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 61) vix v. tantum pro parte (1905). — Asch- erson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. Y. 48 (pro parte) (1908). — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 110 (1908), exclud. var. 8. — Henry in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LIII. 198, fig. 88 (1913); in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1841, t. 410, fig. 25 (1913). Populus balsamifera Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. 1, 67, t. 41 (excl. fig. B) (non Lin- naeus) (1784). Populus balsamifera, var. y intermedia Loudon, Arb. Brit. 111. 1674 (1838). — Populus balsamifera, var. ¢ suaveolens Loudon, Arb. Brit. 111. 1674 (1838). — Wesmael in De Candolle, Prodr. XV1. 2, 330 (1868); in Mém. Soc. Sct. Hainaut, 111. 246 (Monog. Populus, 66) (pro parte) (1869). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 535 (1899), pro parte, includ. var. laurifolia. — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 7 (1912). Populus pseudobalsamifera Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I. 101 (no- men nudum, non Fischer) (1838) secundum specim. originale, fide Henry. SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 19 Populus suaveolens, var. macrocarpa Schrenk! in Fischer & Meyer, Enum. Pl. Nov. Schrenk. 11. 16 (1842). Populus suaveolens, var. angustifolia Regel in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 7, IV. 132 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1862). — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 111 (1908). Western Szech'uan: Min River valley, Sungpan to Mao-chow, common, alt. 2000-3000 m., August 27, 1910 (No. 4577; tree 24-32 m. tall, girth 1.25-3 m., sterile branches with elliptical acuminate leaves with acute base); Monkong Ting, common in dry valleys, alt. 2300-3000 m., June 28, 1908 (No. 2162, tree 7-32 m. tall, girth 0.75- 3 m.; fruiting branches, inflorescences to 15 cm. long, leaves rather ovate and shortly acuminate); near Mon-kong Ting, ascent of Hsiao Chin Ho, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 29, 1908 (No. 2164; tree 12-24 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.5 m.; fruiting branches similar to No. 2162, but leaves more elliptic-ovate, base a little cordate-lobate); Ching-chi Hsien, Fu- yueh-ling, alt. 2300-3000 m., May 1908 (No. 1432; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.25 m.; fruiting branches, leaves mostly broad-ovate, acumi- nate, base slightly cordate, to 10.5 cm. long and 7 cm. broad); same locality, October 1908 (No. 1431; bark from young and old tree); Tachien-lu, planted around temples, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4539, tree 24-32 m. tall; fruits and young twig, leaves broad-ovate or broad-elliptieal, base ovate or slightly acute, twigs somewhat angu- late). Kansu: “intra prov. Kansu, inter fl. Hoangho et murum magnum, in Liang-tschou et Shan-dan-siang viis publicis, in arenosis Han-tschou,” July, August 1875, P. J. Piasezki (ex Maximowicz) Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1800 m., August 23 and 28, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1311); Jehol, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 2). TIBET. “Ad Hoangho superiorem ejusque affluentes nec non ad lacum Kukunor," 1872 and 1880, N. M. Przewalski (type, ex Maximowicz). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: “Dahuria,” Fritsch; south- ern Mongolia: “Mont Muniula," 1872, N. M. Przewalski (flowering and ster- ile branches, old female flowers glabrous, seems to be mixed with young female flowers of Populus tremula, var. Davidiana; in herb. Kew). Mandshuria: Harbin, August 16, 1903, C. S. Sargent (tree with pale bark, deeply furrowed near its base). Korea: Ping-yang, September 18, 1905, J. G. Jack (in the shape of the leaves this specimen agrees with typical P. suaveolens, but in texture and color they are more like those of P. Mazimowiczii. : SONGARIA: “an den Quellen des Aksu,” July 19, 1840, A. Schrenk (sterile). Alatau, August 27, 1843, A. Schrenk (No. 118). TURKESTAN: “ad flumen Sairam," July 19, 1878, Fetissow. ! In the pubescence of the branchlets, petioles and leaves this form resembles P. Mazimowiczii Henry, but in the shape and texture of the leaves it agrees with P. suaveolens; and I am not quite sure to what species it really belongs. 20 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Fischer founded this species, as Henry has already pointed out (l. c.) on the type of Pallas’s figure, of which Fischer had the original specimen in his collection. Later authors, like Maximowicz and Komarov (see under P. Mazimowiczii) took the eastern plant for the type (at least partly); this has been separated with good reason by Henry as a different species, P. Mazimowiczii. The type is also represented for the first time as P. foliis ovatis acutis Serratis by Gmelin's plate (Fl. Sibir. 152, t. 33 [1747]). To this typical P. suaveolens may belong Maximowicz’s P. suaveo- lens, var. a (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 51 [1879]), at least concerning the speci- mens of Tatarinow and Bretschneider if they do not belong to P. Simonii. The Kansu specimen of Piasezki I refer to var. Przewalskii (see p. 32). It is often very difficult to determine herbarium specimens and to keep apart the forms of P. suaveolens, P. Maximowiczüi, P. Si ii and P. laurifolia. Turczaninow (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 398 (1854); Fl. Baical'-Dahur. II. 124 [1856]) describes the variability of the leaves of P. suaveolens, mentioning three different forms. Gombocz does not separate S. Mazimowiczii from P. suaveolens. In western Szech'uan from 1000-3300 m. altitude, this is very common on the ~ banks of rivers and in the forest and has been very extensively planted as a shade tree in the warm semi-arid valleys. It is a favorite with Tibetan monks, and their . lamasaries and dwellings are generally shaded by groves of this Poplar. It is a large tree, often 30 m. tall, with massive wide-spreading branches. The trunk i8. thick and the bark is smooth and pale gray on young trees but becomes dark and fissured with age. The leaves vary in size considerably and the branchlets are always glabrous. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 223 and 0334 of | the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 396. BE HL Ww. Populus szechuanica Schneider, n. sp. Arbor ad 40 m. alta, trunco circuitu ad 4 m.; ramuli juveniles | (turiones) distincte angulati, olivacei v. purpurascentes, glabri, vetus- - tiores teretes, flavo-brunnei, deinde cinerascentes; gemmae purpuras- | centes, glabrae, viscosae, acutissimae. Folia initio rubescentia, pa- - pyracea, supra intense viridia, glabra v. basim versus puberula, subtus albescentia, non v. vix puberula, nervis primariis et ex parte secundariis © distinctis, turionum saepissime ovato-elongata, basi leviter v. distincte cordata v. rotunda, apicem versus sensim acuta v. breviter acuminata, | margine anguste glanduloso-crenato-dentata, 11-20 cm. longa et 5-11 em. lata v. usque ad 28 cm. longa et ad 16 em. lata, ramulorum fructi- ferorum late ovata v. ovato-rotunda, basi rotunda v. plus minusve cordata; minima ovato-lanceolata basi leviter acuta, apice saepissime subito breviter acuminata, margine plus minusve distincte glanduloso- dentata, initio ciliolata, 8-18 em. longa et 5-15 cm. lata; petioli folio- rum turionalium satis breves, 2-4 em. longi, foliorum ramulorum satis elongati, 2.5-7 cm. longi, semper glabri. Amenta tantum fructifera | vidi, ad 16 em. longa, glabra; capsulae subsessiles, glabrae, 3-4-valvae, ut videtur, ovato-globosae, 7-9 cm. longae, basi perianthio glabro irregulariter lobato cinctae. SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 21 Western Szech’uan: west of Kuan Hsien, forests of Pan-lan- shan, alt. 2300-3700 m., July 6, 1908 (No. 2163, type; tree 32 m. tall, girth 4 m.); same locality, woodlands, alt. 2600-3300 m., October 1910 (Nos. 4346, 4348; tree 24-32 m. tall, girth 4—4.5 m.); northeast of Tachien-lu, forest of Ta-p'ao-shan, alt. 2600-3700 m., July 3, 1908 (No. 1413; tree 7.5—40 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality, alt. 2300-4600 m., July 6, 1908 (No. 2165; tree 20-40 m. tall, girth 1.25—4 m.); south- east of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 2300-2800 m., October 1908 (No. 1434; tree 20—24 m. tall, girth 1.5-2 m., bark gray); same locality, forests, alt. 2600-3300 m., October 1910 (No. 4355, tree 32-36 m. tall, girth 4—4.5 m.); Lungan Fu, Tu-ti-liang-shan, alt. 2300-3000 m., August 1910 (No. 4578; tree 20-32 m. tall, girth 1.25-2 m.); Mupin, alt. 2400-2600 m., October 1910 (No. 4361; tree 17-20 m. tall, girth 2.8-3.4 m.; sterile). Populus szechuanica is a very handsome species, judging by the young plants (from Nos. 4355 & 4361) in the Arnold Arboretum, which resemble in habit those of P. lasiocarpa Oliver. In the moist forests of western Szech'uan between 2200 and 3300 m. altitude this is a very common tree. It grows to a large size, and though usually associated with Firs, Spruces and Larches it often forms pure stands. In habit and general appear- ance it resembles P. suaveolens Fischer, but the branches are more massive and the branchlets are stouter. Even on old trees the leaves are large, approximating in size those of P. lasiocarpa Oliver. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 123, 159, 183, 184 and 186 of the collection of my photographs, and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 392, 393, 394, 395. E. H. W. Populus Simonii Carriére in Rev. Hort. 1867, 360. — Wesmael in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 2, 330 (1868); in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, III. 247 (Monog. Populus, 67) (1869). — Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 52 (1879). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 211, fig. 105 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 85 (1893). — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. & Arbriss. II. 1114 (1897). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 746 (1904). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 16, fig. 6 o-q (1904). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII (Eatr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 57) (1905). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 47 (1908).— Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 105 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1839, t. 410, fig. 28 (1813). Populus laurifolia, var. Simonii Regel, Pycc. /[euóp. ed. 2, 152 (1883). Populus balsamifera, var. Simonii Wesmael in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXVI. 378 (1887). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 536 (1899). Populus balsamifera, var. laurifolia Burkill, 1. c. 535 (non Wesmael) (1899), quoad specim. citata. 22 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Populus brevifolia Carriére ex Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 16 (pro synon.) (1904). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, roadside, alt. 1300 m., very rare, May 8, 1909 (No. 1454; tree 12 m. tall, girth 1.50 m.). Western Szech'uan: Wén-chuan Hsien, Min River valley, alt. 1300-2300 m., abundant, October 1908 (No. 1420; tree 5-12 m.). Chili: near San- tun-ying, on sandy places along mountain streams, May 31, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 974, 975; attains often great size); Nankow, Octo- ber 6, 1905, J. G. Jack; Siwantze, G. E. Simon (Nc. 151, type, ex Burkill). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: upper Amur, August 13, 1891, S. Korshinsky; common in country of Harbin, August 29, 1903, C. S. Sargent (branches slightly angular, leaves broadly obovate, a somewhat doubtful speci- men). This species, which has been so often confounded with P. suaveolens, appears sometimes to grow with that species. Its nearest relative may be P. laurifolia Ledebour. The shape of the leaves is variable, and in some forms the leaves are very small. On young vigorous shoots and also near the ends of the branches of older trees the leaves are round-obovate with a long acute base and are rounded and only shortly cuspidate at the apex, and the petioles are very short (2-20 mm.) and usually dark red. Such leaves measure from 3-13 cm. in length and from 2-10 cm. in width. The long-petiolate leaves of younger plants often greatly resemble those of P. suaveolens, but are nearly always obovate-lanceolate. Unfortunately I have not yet seen any female flowers or fruits. The whole plant seems to be glabrous. In Hupeh I met with only three trees of this Poplar, and these were growing by 8 house half a day's march from the city of Hsing-shan Hsien. In the valley of the Min River in western Szech'uan it is common between 1300 and 2300 m. altitude | and is usually planted round houses and in villages. 1t is a more slender tree than P. suaveolens Fischer, with shorter and thinner branches, which form a rounded or oval erown. 'The Hupeh trees had ascending-spreading branches, but in Szech'uan the branches were spreading and the branchlets pendulous. Young trees raised from cuttings from both sources and growing in the Arnold Arboretum exhibit no appar- - ent difference in branching habit and resemble the Szech'uan type. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0337 of the collection of my photographs. E. H. Here may be added two forms cultivated in the Arnold Arboretum. Populus Simonii, f. pendula Schneider, n. forma. A typo recedit ramis distincte pendulis, ramulis satis angulatis v. subalatis. To this form belongs a living specimen in the Arnold Arboretum. NM ere fastigiata Schneider, n. forma. i typo recedit habitu late pyramidali, ramis angulo acuto a trunco divergenti- bus, ramulis subangulatis v. subrotundis. This interesting form was discovered and introduced by F. N. Meyer through the Department of Agriculture of the United States. See his photographs in the collection of the Department of Agriculture Nos. 5288, 5335 and 5412. ; FT eT RT SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 24 Populus adenopoda Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 50 (1879). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 20, in adnot. (1904). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 34) (1905). — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 133 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 380 (1915). Populus tremula, var. adenopoda Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 537 (1899). Populus Silvestrii Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 247, fig. 2 (1910). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, common, alt. 1300 m., March 11 and October 1907, March 23 and April 1908, March 1909 (No. 724; tree 6-25 m. tall, girth 0.5-1.8 m.); Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-2300 m., May and June 1907 (Nos. 1400, 1437; tree 6-20 m. tall, girth 0.75-1.5 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, uplands, alt. 1600-2500 m. (Plant No. 1460; tree up to 20 m. tall; young plants in the Arnold Arboretum); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 2500-3400 m. (Plant No. 4440; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.5 m.; young plants in the Arnold Arboretum); without exact locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 7); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5281, 5281»). Northern Hupeh: “ Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., May-June 1907, C. Silvestri (Nos. 296* and 296, ex Pampanini); ''Sce-kio-ho," alt. 600, April 15-20, 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 378, ex Pampanini, type of P. Silvestri); “ Monte Triora,” alt. 1950 m., July 3, 1907, P. C. Sil- vestrii (No. 297, ex Pampanini); * ab urbe Hankan boream versus, in Yun-yan Fu," March, P. J. Piasezki (staminate flowers, ex Maximo- wiez). Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, alt. 2300 m., October 1908 (No. 1430; tree 5-10 m. tall, girth 0.75-1.25 m.); Mupin, alt. 1300-2000 m., woodlands, October 1907 (No. 1400*; tree 12-18 m. tall, girth 0.75-1.25 m.). Kweichou: 'Cy-Po," February 1900, J. Cavalerie (ex Léveillé). Kiangsi: Kiukiang, alt. 300 m., foothill, not common, August 2, 1907 (No. 1738; tree 10 m. tall). Shensi: “ad fl. Han," April, 1875, P. J. Piasezki (type, ex Maximowicz). This is a very distinct species, easily recognized by the long-acuminate closely crenate leaves of old mature trees. On vigorous young plants the leaves are not yet distinctly acuminate and may resemble those of shoots of P. tremula Linnaeus or of P. Sieboldii Miquel. The leaves are greenish beneath, while those of P. tremula, var. Davidiana Schneider are distinctly glaucous. This is the common low-level Poplar of Hupeh and Szech’uan and the more east- ern parts of the Yangtsze valley. In western Hupeh it is very abundant in open 24 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA country and woods from river-level up to 1500 m. altitude. It is a rather slender shapely tree, 20-25 m. or more tall, with a straight trunk clear of branches for 10-15 m. and clothed with smooth pale gray bark which on old trees and near the ground becomes dark and slightly fissured. The branches are thin, ascending- spreading and form an oval crown. The leaves vary considerably in degree of pubescence, but on old trees they are glabrous at maturity. On young trees and on adventitious shoots they are densely pubescent. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 523, 531, 540, 543, 564 and 0181 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 397, 398, 399 and 400. E-H. W: Populus tremula Linnaeus, var. Davidiana Schneider, var. nov. Populus tremula Maximowicz in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 245 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 557 (pro parte maxima) (1899). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 14 (Fl. Mansh. 11.) 14 (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 211 (FI. Kor. 11.) (1911). Populus Davidiana Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 31, t. 11, fig. 31) (1905). ? Populus pellostachya Dode, 1. c. t. 11, fig. 32 (1905). ? Populus wutaica Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkbüume, 494 (1906). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, upland thickets, alt. 1600— 2500 m., October 1907 (No. 722, in part; tree 8-24 m. tall); same locality (Plant No. 1459; young plants in the Arnold Arboretum); Fang Hsien, alt. 1600-2000 m., October 15, 1907 (No. 722, in part; tree 8-24 m. tall, girth 0.5-1.5 m.); mountains north of Ichang, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1886; tree 8 m. tall; female flowers). Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, woodlands, alt. 3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4347); north of Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt. 2500 m., October 1910 (No. 4358; tree 6-16 m. tall, bark gray, smooth). Chili: Jehol, A. David (No. 1687, type of the variety); Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 11); Hsiao-Wu-tai-shan, alt. 2000 m., Aug. 5, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 43, 1113). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: Mukden, May 29, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 101). Amur: "ad fl. Amur," 1855, R. Maack (Nos. 10, 11); Amur, C. Mazimowicz. Ussuri: Khabarovsk, August 23, 1903, C. S. Sargent. — Korea: Wanson, September 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent. lt is only on account of their geographical distribution that 1 refer these north- eastern Asiatic and Chinese forms to a distinct variety. There are living plants of some of Wilson’s numbers in the Arnold Arboretum. It is possible that these plants when fully grown may present some characters to distinguish the eastern forms from those of the Altai and Europe. Even to separate var. Davidiana from the following species is a difficult task. Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 380 (1915), mentions Bodinier’s No. 2101 from Kouy- yang, February 1898, as P. tremula. 1 have not seen this specimen, which may belong to our variety. SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 25 This is a common tree on the higher mountains of Hupeh and Szech’uan, where it covers extensive areas and often torms pure stands. It is always a slender tree, rarely exceeding 20 m. in height with thin branches forming a loose and rounded to oval crown. The bark is smooth greenish to pale gray except on very old trees where it is dark gray and fissured on the lower part of the trunk. The young leaves are reddish-purple and very beautiful as they unfold, and the habit of the tree is light and attractive. lt produces suckers very freely, like its Japanese relative P. Sieboldit Miquel. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 087, 088 of my collection of photographs. E. HW. Populus tremula, var. Davidiana, f. tomentella Schneider, n. forma. A typo glabro v. tantum initio sparse pubescente recedit ramulis hornotinis foliisque adultis plus minusve distincte pubescentibus v. tomentellis. Western Szech’uan: Mupin, forests, alt. 2300-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4359; trees 20-24 m. tall, trunk 1.25-2 m. in girth). This pubescent form of var. Davidiana seems to be analogous to f. pubescens of var. typica of P. tremula, or it may even have the same systematic value as var. villosa Lang (see Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 19 [1904]). 'This pubescent form is common in western Szech'uan, but is very rare in western Hupeh. The leaves are usually larger than those of the type. E. H. W. Populus rotundifolia Griffith, var. Duclouxiana Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 130 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus macranthela Léveillé & Vaniot in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. 142 (March 1905); in Monde Plant. X11. 9 (1910); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. V11I. 446 (1910). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 157 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus Duclouxiana Dode in Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 32, t. 11, fig. 34*) (1905). Populus rotundifolia Griffith, var. macranthela Gombocz in Bot. Közl. X. 25 et (7) (1910). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 380 (1915). Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, Fei-yueh-ling, woods, alt. 2-3000 m., May 1908 (No. 1432; tree 12-20 m. tall, girth 0.75-1.25 m.). Kweichau: Pin-Fa, April 1, 1903, J. Cavalerie (No. 974, type of P. macranthela, ex Léveillé, 1905). Yunnan: without locality, F. Duclouz (ex Dode, type of P. Duclouxiana). I have seen neither the type of Léveillé’s nor of Dode's species, but Gombocz says, l. c. (1911) of P. macranthela: “ D’après les échantillons originaux elle est trés voisine à la P. rotundifolia Griff. et ne diffère de la dernière que par ses chátons plus longs (15-24 em.) et par ses capsules à pedicelles plus longs. Elle peut donc être identifié avec la P. Duclouziana (distinguée par Dode), qui a d'ailleurs la méme répartition: China, Yunnan.” I am not quite sure if Wilson's specimens really represent the same form. They may be described as follows: 26 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Ramuli initio tomentelli sed cito glabrescentes v. glabri, rubro- brunnei, vetustiores cinerascentes; gemmae satis evolutae ovato- acutae, rubro-brunneae, paulo puberulae, perulis ciliatis. Folia turionum (apice ramorum fructiferorum) late ovata, basi leviter cor- data, apice acuta v. subacuminata, margine sinuato-crenata, utrinque glabra v. subtus initio puberula, supra viridia, subtus glaucescentia, 8-11 em. longa et 6.5-10 cm. lata; minora (ramulorum abbreviatorum) simillima, sed basi truncata; petioli foliorum majorum 4.5-6.5 cm., foliorum minorum 2-4 em. longi, initio tomentelli v. plerique glabri, compressi. Amenta fructifera ad 15-16 cm. longa, rhachi puberula breviter pedunculata. Capsulae ovato-oblongae, apice acutae, gla- brae, bivalvatae, circiter 5 mm. longae et 3 mm. crassae, pedicellis subglabris 2-3 mm. longis. . This tree is common in western Szech'uan in the district of Ching-chi Hsien and in habit and general appearance is very similar to P. tremula, var. Davidiana Schneider. E. H. W. CONSPECTUS SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE ASIAE ORIENTALIS NEC NON HIMALAYAE. Disci florum decidui; antherae longae et apiculatae. Folia valde polymorpha, - utrinque cinerea et stomatibus numerosis praedita et distincte elevato-reticu- B i rua EL d E E Sect. 1. TURANGA. Folia polymorpha dentata v. lanceolata et integerrima . . . 1. P. euphratica. - Folia ovato-elliptica v. reniformia, integra, nunquam lanceolata 2. P. pruinosa. - Disci florum persistentes. Folia discoloria, haud distincte elevato-reticulata. Antherae longae, apiculatae; styli satis elongati. Folia ramorum vetustiorum turionumque vix diversa, semper longe petiolata. ^ Sect. 2. LEUCOIDES. . Ramuli hornotini annotinique brunnescentes v. purpurascentes. Folia supra - opaca, coeruleo-viridia, subtus in sicco albescentia v. glauca, matura tan- tum ad basim parce villosula, circuitu pleraque late ovata v. ovato-rotunda, breviter cordata, subcordata v. truncato-rotunda; petioli saepissime lami- nam aequilongi v. 4% breviores. Ramuli ut videtur semper glabri, vix sulcati. Folia subtus in sicco albescentia, basi saepe breviter anguste cordata. Fructus ovati, longiores qiam hE oa ey ae a 3. P. Wilsonii. Ramuli ut videtur in sulcis plus minusve initio villosuli. Folia subtus - es basi ut videtur nunquam anguste cordata. Fructus subglo- DU... 9c a e LR I. I 4. P. glauca. Ramuli viridi- v. flavo-cinerei, vix brunnescentes, hornotini subangulati, pu- bescentes. Folia circuitu pleraque late ovato-oblonga, distincte basi cor- data, supra claro-viridia, subopaca, subtus pallidiora, sed viridescentia et - leviter nitentia (in planta viva); petioli dimidio laminae vix longiores. 5. P. lasiocarpa. Antherae oblongae v. subrotundae, nunquam apiculatae; styli plerique breves V. brevissimi. Folia saepissime inter se plus minusve variabilia. SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 27 * Folia subtas distincte (in vivo) discoloria, albescentia, turionum et ramulorum inter se pleraque satis dimorpha;! petioli basi tereti, apice vix v. non compressi supra canaliculati; gemmae satis viscosae, balsamicae. Brac- teae florum valde fimbriatae sed non v. vix ciliatae. Sect. 3. TACAMAHACA. Flores feminei fructusque distincte pedicellati, lorum masculorum antherae 3-314-plo longiorae quam latae. Turiones [teste Hooker et Dode] angu- latae. Folia turionum ramulorumque diversorum, ut videtur, haud valde dissimilia, nune ovato-acuminata, basi rotunda v. cordata v. raro sub- truncata, in specim. visis 7:4.5-17:12 cm. magna, nunc late ovato- cordata, brevius acuminata v. acuta, c. 8:8-15:12 cm. magna, omnia longe petiolata, pedicellis subteretis, glabris v. versus apicem sparse puberulis, 3-12 cm. longis, crenato-glanduloso-dentata, fere semper distincte ciliata, supra intense v. claro-viridia, subtus albescentia, utrinque (an semper?) glabra. Amenta glabra, mascula ad 10 em. longa, fructifera ad 30 cm. longa, fructibus satis distantibus, glabris, ovato-globosis, in apicem pro- GUUR .— 4. V P 2 o uve E ET i a 6. P. ciliata. Flores feminei fructusque sessiles v. subsessiles; antherae (a me visae) vix plus quam duplo longiores quam latae. Ramuli juveniles cylindrici, interdum apice ut turiones angulati v. striati, biennes semper teretes (confer etiam 9. P. szechuanicam, var. tibeticam). Ramuli initio olivacei vix v. non brunnescentes, deinde flavescentes v. ochroleuci, glabri v. supra nodos versus gemmas puberuli. Folia membranacea v. papyracea, supra plus minusve intense viridia, subni- tentia et vix opaca, glabra v. basim versus sparse pilosa, subtus dis- coloria, opaca, albescentia v. in sicco flavescentia, glabra (sed vide var. macrocarpam ut p. 19 indicata!); margine glanduloso-crenulata, 1 Tt is helpful to keep the following in mind in regard to the variability of the leaves of Populus (of this section and also of the others). L. A. Dode was the first who clearly described the variation of the leaves according to the age of the plants, the position of the branches, and the climatic and other conditions unter which they were produced. He distinguishes many different kinds of shoots (pousses) and of leaves. Unfortunately Dode's descriptions in his “ Extraits" are so incomplete that it is impossible to form an opinion of the real value of all his different species. Ithink it sufficient if we distinguish 3 different kinds of leaves: 1. the leaves of the offshoots or suckers (folia turionum radicalium); 2. the leaves of the normal but not the vigorous shoots of the young plants (folia ramorum [sed non turionum] plantae juvenilis); and 3. the leaves of the old trees (folia arboris adultae fructi- ferae). The leaves of the third kind we usually find at the ends of vigorous branches of young plants when they are growing well and becoming mature. If we compare leaves of different species it is necessary to be very careful only to compare the same kind of leaves! ; : Referring to the pubescence of branchlets, leaves and petioles, many of the species of Populus seem to produce a glabrous and a pubescent variety, both closely con- nected by intermediate forms, but sometimes quite distinct in the extreme forms. There is another character in Populus which seems to be very often overesti- mated, that is whether the young shoots are angular or cylindric. E far as my observations go vigorous shoots (and offshoots) of nearly every species with cylin- drical branchlets may be more or less angular, at least at their apex or when the branch is very young. WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA saepe ciliata, radicalia (teste Fischer) saepe lanceolata, utrinque acu- minata, plantae juvenilis elliptica, basi acuta, apice plus minusve acuminata, v. ovato-elliptica, basisubrotunda, 5: 2.5-9: 4.5 em. magna, plantae maturae pleraque ovata v. late ovata, basi rotunda, raro subcordata, apice acuminata v. acuta, 5.5 :3.5-1:6.5 cm. magna, in plantis cultis etiam majora, cordato-ovata, ad 18:14 em. magna; petioli semper satis longi (turionum paullo breviores), 1.5-5 em. longi. Amenta mascula 4-5 em. longa (teste Maximowicz), fructifera ad 13 em. longa, parce puberula v. glabra, capsulis satis approximatis, sessilibus v. subsessilibus, ovoideis, glabris (in var. Przewalskii pubes- centibus maturis glabratis), trivalvibus nondum apertis circiter Top n. NARS . 2. a S eus 7. P. suaveolens. Ramuli initio ut videtur plus minusve rubescentes, deinde olivacei, vetustiores cinereo-flavi, v. cinerei, plus minusve dense puberuli v. pubescentes sed interdum satis glabri. Folia papyracea v. saepissime subcoriacea, supra intense v. livide viridia, opaca, tota facie v. tan- tum nervis puberula, raro glabrescentia, rete nervorum angusta, distincta, subtus valde discoloria, albescentia v. saepissime rubello- flavescentia, margine glanduloso-crenulata, plus minusve ciliata, radicalia non visa, cetera inter se satis conformia, pleraque elliptica, v. ovato-elliptica, basi subeordata, apice breviter oblique acuminata v. acuta, interdum elliptico-rotunda, apice obtusa, 6.5 : 3-12 : 9 cm. magna; petioli 1—4 cm. longi, valde (v. raro vix) puberuli. Amenta mascula 5-10 em. longa, antheris 30-40; feminea initio 3.5-5 cm., fructifera ad 18(-25) em. longa, breviter tomentella, puberula v. plus minusve glabra, ovariis glabris, capsulis sessilibus v. subsessilibus subglobosis, nondum apertis circ. 8-9 : 7-8 mm. magnis, 3-4-valvibus. 8. P. Maximowiczit. Ramuli juveniles turionesque distincte angulati v. biennes striati. Folia turionum (et pleraque ramulorum) infra medium latissima, lance- olata, elliptica, ovata v. cordata (haud distincte obovata) (confer etiam 10. P. yunnanensem et 11. P. Gamblei). Ramuli floriferi tereti vel subtereti (haud distincte angulati), olivaceo- brunnei v. ochroleuci (haud pallido-flavi v. grisei). : 9. P. szechwanica. Ramuli etiam floriferi satis angulati, pallido-flavi v. grisei. : ; 12. P. laurifolia. Folia turionum supra medium latissima, saepissime distincte obovalia, basi plus minusve cuneata v. rotunda, apice obtusa sed pleraque in acumen plus minusve longum producta . . . . . 13. P. Simoni. ** Folia subtus concoloria viridescentia v. discoloria et glaucescentia, non albes- centia sed interdum tomento albo obtecta. 1 Folia subtus plus minusve concoloria, viridescentia, utrinque stomatibus numerosis praedita, turionum ramulorumque vetustiorum vix v. pa diversa, deltoidea, basi truncata, apice plus minusve acuminata. Gem- mae yNMEAAR < er Y Sect. 4. AIGEIROS. Folia parva obovata v. ovato-deltoidea, basi plus minusve longe cuneata, apice breviter acuminata, supra medium crenato-denticulata v. sub- is 1.4-4 cm. longa et i cm. lata, initio margine ciliolata et parce puberula; petioli graciles, ut videtur mpressi, initio puberuli, 0.3-2 cm. via : T E h SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 29 acumen producta, toto circuitu glanduloso-crenata, glabra, ad 9 cm. longa et 10 cm. lata; petioli 4-5 cm. longi, plus minusve compressi. 15. P. nigra, var. italica. ti Folia subtus concoloria v. discoloria, superne stomatibus haud praedita, turionum et ramorum plus minusve diversa, forma variabilia. Gemmae non viscosae, glabrae v. pubescentes ...... Sect. 5. LEUCE. Folia turionum subtus tomento albo persistente obtecta, margine lobata v. irregulariter lobato-denticulata, ramorum fructiferorum saepe gla- brescentia et viridescentia, crasse papyracea. Gemmae plus minusve pubeéscénteS . ... 1 0 ee Subsect. ALBIDAE. Folia turionum plus minusve palmato-lobata, ramulorum fructiferorum subtus vix glabrescentia, plus minusve cinerea, satis parva. 16. P. alba. Folia turionum irregulariter lobato-duplicato-dentata, ramulorum fruc- tiferorum saepe valde glabrescentia, viridescentia, satis magna. 17. P. tomentosa. tt Folia turionum subtuscinerea, pubescentia v. deinde glabrescentia, margine breviter dentieulata, ramulorum fructiferorum sericea v. glabra, saepe glaucescentia, membranacea tenuiter papyracea. Gemmae saepis- mne ghran . —— (1 I Lus Subsect. 'TREPIDAE. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum distincte longe acuminata. 18. P. adenopoda. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum obtusa, acuta v. breviter acuminata. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum late ovata v. ovato-rotunda, basi sae- pissime subito in petiolum brevem producta, saepissime glanduli- fera, apice breviter acuminata mend — satis "eri et regulariter glanduloso-serrulata (dentibus pro 1 cm. circiter 3). z i 4 19. P. Sieboldii. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum saepissime suborbicularia, basi rotun- data v. pleraque truncata v. plus minusve cordata, rariter glan- dulifera, apice obtusa v. acuta v. breviter acuminata, margine sinuato-glanduloso-dentata v. eroso-crenulata, dentibus satis remotis circiter 1-2 pro 1 em. à Folia ramulorum fructiferorum basi nunquam cordata, rariter ro- tunda, sed saepissime truncata, apice obtusa v. acuta. Amenta fructifera vix plus quam 12 cm. longa . . . 20. P. tremula. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum basi saepe plus minusve cordata et apice acuta v. breviter acuminata. Amenta saepe plus quam 12 em; longa... «v... ere doce a, I POOMAGONG. ENUMERATIO SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE ASIAE ORIENTALIS NEC NON HIMALAYAE. Sect. 1. TURANGA Bunge in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, VII. 498 (A. Lehmann. Rel. Bot. 322) (1851). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 67 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus, subgen. Turanga Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus 13) (1905). Folia polymorpha, utrinque cinereo-glauca et stomatibus numerosis praedita et distincte reticulata, satis coriacea, basi glandulis vix v. haud prominentibus mu- nita; petioli plus minusve rotundi. Gemmae haud v. paullo viscosae. Disci florum 30 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA decidui, distincte lobati; stigmata 3, stylosa; stamina, circiter 12, antheris longis, y apice apiculatis. Capsulae elongatae, pedicellatae. 1. Populus euphratica Olivier, Voy. Emp. Othoman. III. fig. 45-46 (1807). — Wesmael in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, 111. (Monog. Populus, 54, t. 10-13) (1869). — : : Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 474, t. 63 (1874). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 6388 — (1888). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 536 (1839). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 16, t. 11, fig. 1, 19, 1°, 1°) (1905). — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 68 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus diversifolia Schrenk in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, X. 253 (1842); in Fischer & Meyer, Enum. Alt. Pl. Nov. Schrenk. 15 (1842). — Trautvetter, Pl. Imag. Fl. Russ. 23, t. 16 (1844). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 15) (1905). Balsamiflua deltoides Griffith, Icon. Pl. Asiat. IV. t. 526 (1854). Populus Ariana Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 16) (1905). Populus Litwinowiana Dode, l. c. 17 (1905). CHINA. Chili, Peking, R. Alcock (fide Burkill); Kanou, beyond the Great Wall, P. J. Piasezkei (fide Maximowiez). Also in northern Africa and western and central Asia. I doubt, however, if Alcock's specimen from Peking belongs to this species. 2. Populus pruinosa Schrenk in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, III. 210 (1845). Wesmael in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, III. (Monog. Populus, 56, t. 14) (1869). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 18, t. 11, fig. 22) (1905). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 72 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus glaucicomans Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 18, t. 11, fig. 2) (1905). TURKESTAN, SOUTHWESTERN SIBERIA. According to the photographs and notes taken by the well-known explorer F. N. Meyer on February 19, 1911 in Chinese Turkestan for the Department of Agricul- ture of the United States, P. pruinosa may be distinguished from P. euphratica by the bark of old trunks. Meyer's photograph No. 5685 shows a trunk of P. pruinosa with a distinctly and deeply grooved bark as in Ash and Elm trees, while the photograph No. 5689 represents P. euphratica with a more or less shaggy bark. Sect. 2. LEUCOIDES Spach, Hist. Vég. X. 385 (1841). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 118 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus, subgen. Eupopulus Dode, sect. Leucoideae Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. — Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 14 et 35) (1905). Folia ramulorum turionumque vix diversa subtus plus minusve discoloria, basi — glandulifera, superne stomatibus non praedita; petioli basi cylindrica, apice p compressi, semper satis longi. Gemmae vix viscosae. Disci florum persistentes, satis evoluti, fere ad basim lobati; stigmata 2-3, stylis elongatis; stamina 30-40, antheris longis, apice apiculatis. Capsulae crassae, pedicellatae (an semper?), 3. Populus Wilsonii C. Schneider. See p. 16. 4. Populus glauca Haines in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 408, fig. (1906). — Gom- _ bocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 157 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). SALICACEAE, — POPULUS 31 ? Populus Jacq tiana Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 66, t. 12, fig. 108) (1905). INDIA. Bhutan. Through the kindness of the Keeper of the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew three sheets of Haines’ plant bearing the No. 826 have been loaned to the Arnold Arboretum: one with fruits, collected June 1904, Labah ridge, alt. 2200 m.; an- other with leaves, collected August 1904, Bhotan, without precise locality, alt. 2400 m.; and the third with flowers only, collected April 1905, Pankasari ridge, alt. 2700 m. In their shape and in the color of the upper surface the leaves resemble those of P. Wilsonii Schneider, and are up to 20 cm. long and 18.5 em. broad, the petioles being up to 13.5 em. long. The color of the under surface of the leaves is glaucous, not whitish as in the dried leaves of P. Wilsonii, but the scarce pubescence is almost the same in both, while in P. lasiocarpa Oliver even the mature leaves of cultivated plants are hairy along the midrib and the main veins beneath. The flowers of P. glauca are mostly bi-sexual, as indicated by Haines, otherwise the perianth and the ovaries scarcely differ from those of P. Wilsonii, the perianth of which is mostly not so largely developed and so deeply lobed as in P. glauca. In this species the stigmas seem to be a little shorter-stalked, but as far as I can judge from the material before me all these characters of the flowers are too vari- able to represent good distinguishing features. The fruits of P. glauca are roundish and apparently a little more pubescent or villose than those of P. Wilsonit. Both species need further study. 5. Populus lasiocarpa Oliver. See p. 17. Sect. 3. TACAMAHACA Spach, Hist. Vég. X. 392 (1841). Populus, subgen. Eupopulus Dode, sect. Tacamahacae Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII (Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 14 et 34) (1905). Folia ramulorum turionumque inter se pleraque variabilia, subtus distincte dis- coloria, albescentia, superne stomatibus plus minusve numerosis! v. nullis praedita, basi glandulifera; petioli longitudine variabiles. Disci florum persistentes, margine lobati v. crenati; stigmata 2-4, stylis brevibus v. nullis; stamina 18-60, antheris oblongis v. subglobosis, haud apiculatis. Capsulae variabiles. 6. Populus ciliata Wallich apud Royle, IUl. Bot. Himal. 1. 346; 11. t. 84* or 98, fig. 1 (1839). — Wesmael in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 2, 329 (1868); in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, III. 63 (Monog. Populus) (1869). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 475 (pro parte) (1874); Ind. Trees, 640 (pro parte) (1906). — Stewart, Punjab Pl. 204 (1869). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 638 (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 481 (1902). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 65) (1905). — Haines in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII. 407 (1906). — Gom- boez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 116 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1840, in adnot. (1913). INDIA. Western Himalaya to Bhutan: Kumaon, northern face of Choor, R. Blinkworth (No. 2796 of Wallich’s Cat., type; with ripe fruits); Srinaghur, Kam- rup (No. 2796 B of Wallich's Cat.); Nain-tál, alt. 2100 m. Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 1); northwest Himalaya, without locality (Lachen?), 2000-3000 m., T. Thomson; Sikkim, without locality, 2-3000 m., J. D. Hooker; Chakrata, alt. 2300 m., June 26, 1912, K. Narayana Jyengar (a lofty tree with gray, smooth bark; common in blanks in Deodar forests); same locality, May 5 and June 25, 1912, ! According to Gombocz the plants of this section have no stomata on the upper surface of the leaves. 32 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA P. K. Subramaina Jyer (No. 86); Bhotan, without locality, W. Grifith (Nos. 957, 2559, ex Haines). This species may represent a distinct group of sect. Tacamahaca according to its rather long stalked fruits, its densely ciliate leaves, its long anthers, etc. Dode refers it to his “groupe Ciliata” together with P. Jacquemontiana Dode (in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. [Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 66, t. 12, fig. 108] [1905]) from the same geographical region without referring to any specimens. The only difference I can detect in his description is in the pubescent fruit. Having seen no specimen I cannot judge from Dode's insufficient indications if his species is distinct or only a variety of P. ciliata. 7. Populus suaveolens Fischer. See p. 18. Populus suaveolens, var. Przewalskii Schneider, n. var. Populus suaveolens, var. a Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 51 (1879) quoad specim. Piasezki. Populus Przewalskii Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXVII. 540 (1882); in Mél. Biol. XI. 321 (1881). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 55) (1905), exclud. synon.! — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 101 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus Przewalskii, f. microphylla Gombocz, 1. c. (1908). TIBET. 'Kukunor: * ad Hoangho superiorem ejusque affluentes nec non ad lacum Kukunor,” 1872 and 1880, N. M. Przewalski (type of P. Przewalskii, ex Maximowicz). CHINA. Kansu: “inter fl. Hoangho et murum magnum, in Liang-tshoue et Shan-dan-siang viis publicis, in arenosis Han-tschou,” July, August 1875, P. J. Piasezki (co-type of P. Przewalskii, ex Maximowicz). ^ : eu hate “ circa lacus Ubsa,” 1879, G. N. Potanin (with not quite ripe ruits). According to Maximowiez his P. Przewalskii is distinguished by “ capsulis parvis subsessilibus ovoideis obtusis pubescenti-pilosis maturis glabratis, stig- matibus 3." 1 have not seen a type specimen, but by the kindness of the Keeper of the Kew Herbarium I have been able to examine Potanin's specimen mentioned above. It agrees well with Maximowicz’s description. The leaves are ovate- oblong and somewhat acuminate at the apex and orbicular-cuneate at the base, both surfaces being more or less sparsely and finely puberulent; the petioles are loosely villose. The perianth and the ovaries of the male flowers are more or less pubescent; but further observations are needed to determine if the pubescence of the floral parts of Populus is a good character or not. The shape, the texture, an the pubescence of P. suaveolens Fischer seem to be very variable. See also p. 20; some of the sterile specimens here mentioned may belong to var. Przewalskit. __ 8. Populus Maximowiczii A. Henry in Gard. Chron. ser.3, LITI. 198, fig. 89 (1913) in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VIL. 1838, t. 410, fig. 24 (1913). Populus suaveolens, var. latifolia Regel in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 7, IV. 133 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1862). — Gombocz in Math. Termes? Közl. XXX. 112 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). ; Populus suaveolens Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 52 (formae sub b et c indicatae) (non Fischer) (1879). — Sargent in Gard. & Forest, VI. 404 (1893); Forest Fl. Jap. 71 (1894). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 17 (Fl. Mansh. 11.) (pro parte maxima) (1904). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 61) (pro one Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 211 (Fl. Kor. SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 33 Populus balsamifera, var. suaveolens Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 536 (pro parte) (non Loudon) (1899). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 1. 37, t. 18, fig. 11-24 (1900). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: ad fl. Amur., Sept. 1, 1855, R. Maack; ad fl. Li-Fudin, 1860, C. Mazimowicz; prov. Sheng-king, June 25, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 22; young shoots slightly angular !); Kabarovka, August 23, 1908, C. S. Sargent; banks of Chita River, Chita, August 12, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Saghalien: without locality, Fr. Schmidt (ex Herb. Petrop.); Korsakof, July and September 1908, U. Faurie (Nos. 280, 280^, Kamtschatka: Petropav- lovski, 1853-56, C. Wright. ~ JAPAN. Hokkaido: Sapporo, Prov. Ishikari, May 1884, K. Miyabe; same locality, August 21, 1905, J. G. Jack; “in arena rivorum Kamikawa," July 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6642). Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, Lake Chuzenji, August 11, 1905, J. G. Jack. This magnificent Poplar grows to a larger size than any other species of eastern Asia, and ranks with the largest trees which grow there. Itis abundant in Hok- kaido, rather less so in southern Saghalien, and is rare in Hondo, where it occurs sparingly in the Nikko region and northward. At its best it is a tree from 27 to 30 m. tall with a trunk 5 or 6 m. in girth. The branches are massive and wide- spreading and form a flattened rounded and somewhat oval crown. The bark is gray and deeply fissured on the trunk of old trees but smooth and yellowish-gray on the branches and also on the trunks of young trees. It is seen at its best in the moist bottom lands of river-valleys. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. X237, x238, x239, x244, x367, x507 of my collection of Japanese ee ce 9. Populus szechuanica C. Schneider. See p. 20. Populus szechuanica, var. tibetica Schneider, n. var. Populus balsamifera Thomson, W. Himalaya & Tibet, 180 (1852). — Stewart, Punjab Pl. 204 (1869). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 638 (in part, not Lin- naeus) (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 640 (1906). Populus tristis Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 83 (non Fischer) (1893), quoad speci- mina citata No. 2-4. — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VIL. 1840, in adnot., 1841 (1913). A typo recedit gemmis, ramulis leviter angulatis ramisque et petiolis breviter pubescentibus, foliis initio utrinque deinde tantum nervis plus minusve puberulis v. subglabrescentibus etiam axi amentorum foemineorum hirtella. : Arbor ad 28 m. alta. Folia turionum ut videtur elliptico-lanceolata, basi sub- rotundata v. late cuneata, apicem versus sensim acuta, visa ad 12 cm. longa et ad 5.5 em. lata, margine glanduloso-crenato-dentata, ramulorum fructiferorum ovata, basi plus minusve rotunda, apice acuta v. subacuminata v. late ovata v. ovato-ro- tunda, basi leviter v. distinctius cordata, apice plus min: acuminata, 10-14 cm. longa et 6-8.5 cm. lata, margine satis crebre glanduloso-dentata, pleraque ciliata; petioli 2-6 em. longi. Flores non vidi. Capsulae subsessiles, glabrae, ovoideo- globosae, 3-4-valvae. n : CHINA. Western Szech’uan: without precise locality, ravines, alt. 3000- 3600 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4527; tree 16 m. tall, with smooth bark). INDIA. Kashmir: “Northwestern Tibet," cultivated, alt. 2000-4500 m., T. Thomson (ripe open fruits, type); Ladak, Khárbu Koma to Sháksi, southwest 1 This specimen may represent the same form as P. suaveolens, var. Schrenk, see p. 19. 1 am not quite sure whether this is a form of P. suaveolens or P. Mazimowiczii. 34 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA of Dah, July 3, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 5327, sterile branch); Upshi to Gulab- Gárh, left side of Indus valley, June 28, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 1563, old sterile branch); right shore of the Indus near Leh, July 4-9, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 1162, small part of young shoot); prov. Dras, Mülbe to Dras, October 8-11, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 4976, old branch, distributed sub nom. P. laurifolia). There is another Himalayan specimen of Thomson’s from Zanskar in Tibet with young leaves and rather old female catkins. The ovaries or young fruits are deeply furrowed and glabrous, but the pedicels are rather longer and hairy. 1 am not quite sure about the value of the furrows and believe it is only an effect of drying. It seems very difficult to distinguish the Chinese P. szechuanica from this Tibetan — form, but nevertheless I should have treated the latter as a distinct species on . account of its geographical distribution had 1 not seen Wilson’s No. 4527, which shows the same pubescence and differs only in the more deeply cordate and round- ish leaves. 1 cannot refer the Chinese nor the Tibetan form to any of Dode's | species of this section ! or to a form described by previous authors. Populus tristis — of Fischer, which Koehne and Henry believed to be probably identical with these Tibetan specimens, seems to me quite distinct. Fischer says that he secured dried specimens from Sitka. I believe that P. tristis is very near to P. Mazimowiczii or to P. trichocarpa Hooker of western North America. 10. Populus yunnanensis Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 63, t. 11, fig. 103 a) (1905). SANA. Yunnan: without locality, F. Ducloux (Dode received a living plant). I have seen only young vigorous plants of this species raised from cuttings from Dode's type specimen. Dode's description is insufficient; and I can only say that this species seems to be nearly related to P. szechuanica and needs f investigation. 11. Populus Gamblei Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 63, t. 12, fig. 103) (1905). — Haines in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVII 407, fig. (1906). INDIA. Brit. Bhutan: district Darjeeling, Kalimpung, alt. 1300 m., March 1875, J. S. Gamble (No. 26465; type, with old fruits; No. 6707; male co-type). This species was first mentioned by Gamble (Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 690 [1902], without description. Dode bases his description upon male and female specimens collected by Gamble without citing any number, while Haines founded it upon Gamble's No. 2646* and 7607, of which I have before me excellent photographs and some male flowers and fruits kindly sent to the Arnold Arboretum by the Keeper of the herbarium of Kew Gardens. Haines says that it is extremely doubtful if Dode's imperfect description refers to his P. Gamblei, but 1 do not think that there can be the least doubt that both descriptions refer to the same plant. Dode's figure of the leaves agrees well with those of Haines' type specimen before me, he also mentions the puberulent perianth and the narrow bracts. I have not seen young female flowers, and unfortunately I have no leaves. Haines describes 8 dimorphism of the leaves and shoots which, he believes, is possibly due to fungous agency. But, as far as I can judge from what he says, the appearance of large pubescent cordate leaves with two large glands just above the petioles on some branches while the normal leaves are quite glabrous, not cordate and without glands, may not be unusual in Populus, as the same variation occurs in Populus — 1 The only species which might prove to be the same as var. tibetica is P. Jacquemontiana Dode, which I mentioned under P. ciliata Wallich, but Dode says “ ses capsules sont pubescentes.” SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 35 adenopoda Maximowicz and in other species. With regard to it and to the flowers I would be inclined to refer P. Gamblei to sect. Leuce, but Dode says that it is most, nearly related to P. yunnanensis Dode, of which I know living plants, and which certainly belongs to sect. Tacamahaca. Gombocz (in Math. Termes. Közl. XXX. 156 [1908] knew these species only from the descriptions of the authors. That of P. Gamblei being insufficient, I add a more complete one. Arbor, ut videtur satis alta; ramuli annotini ut videtur glabri sed interdum villo- suli; turiones (ex Dode) 5-angulati. Foliaramulorum fructiferorum ovato-lanceolata, basi subcordata v. truncata v. subtrapezoidea, apice breviter v. longius acumi- nata, margine distanter sinuoso-dentata, subtus (ex Dode) albescentia, glabra, maxima ad 15.5 cm. longa et 9.5 cm. lata, v. (ex Haines) subtus valde pubescentia villosave, basi cordata, ad 33 cm. longa et 25 cm. lata; petioli foliorum glabrorum 44-4 laminis longi, ut videtur glabri, foliorum pubescentium (ex Haines) bre- viores, crassiores, pubescentes. Amenta mascula ad 8 cm. longa, rhachi pilosa; bracteae lanceolatae, basi attenuatae, apice acutae, saepissime plusminusve in- cisae, brunneae, margine satis dense longe ciliatae, facie glabrae v. pilis paucis longis praeditae, ad 7 mm. longae; flores pedicello distincto piloso suffuliti; discus oblongus, margine crenulato-lobulatus, ciliatus et extus pilosus, intus glaber; stamina 12-20, filamentis tenuibus glabris quam antheras purpureas subglobosas vix v. paulo longioribus; amenta feminea tantum fructifera visa, circiter 10 cm. longa, rhachi pilosa; bracteae mihi ignotae; ovaria subsessilia, matura ad 11 mm. longa, € basi ellipsoidea oblongo-linearia, glabra, 2-carpellaria (ex Dode 2-4-valvata), basi perianthio piloso irregulariter inciso cincta; stigmata non vidi. 12. Populus laurifolia Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 297 (1833) excl. syn. Gmelinii; Icon. Fl. Ross. V. t. 479 (1834); Fl. Ross. IIl. pt. 2, 629 (1850). — Fischer in Allg. Gartenzeit. IX. 404 (1841); in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 347 (1842). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 208, fig. 103 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 85 (1893). — Schneider, Jil. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 16, fig. 5 m-n, 6 v-y (1904). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 59, t. 12, fig. 94) (1905). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 47 (1908). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 102 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1911). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1842, t. 410, fig. 30 (1913). Populus balsamifera Pallas, Fl. Ross. t. 41, fig. B (non Linnaeus) (1784). Populus balsamifera, var. 2, viminalis Loudon, Arb. Brit. ILI. 1673 (1838), excl. syn. Fischer. — Wesmael in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 330 (1868). - ; Populus balsamifera, var. laurifolia Wesmael, 1. c.; in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, III. 246 (Monog. Populus, 66) (1869). Populus Lindleyana Carriérein Rev. Hort. XX XIX. 380 (non Booth) (1867). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 59) (1905). Populus laurifolia, var. viminalis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 209 (pro parte) (1892). j Populus laurifolia, var. Lindleyana Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 47 (1908). WESTERN SIBERIA. Prov. Tomsk: Altai Mts, near Alexandrofka, June 6, 1911, C. A. Meyer (No. 783). E As far as I know this species has been collected only on the Altai Mts. The leaves of the young shoots and offshoots are rather narrow-oblong with a roundish or obtuse, rarely subcordate base, gradually tapering into an acute or shortly acu- minate apex. These long leaves measure between 10:3 and 15:6 cm., have a narrow glandular serrature and are borne on short petioles from 8-15 mm. long. The shape 36 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA of the long-petioled leaves of the older plant is rather variable, being lanceolate- elliptic or elliptic-ovate with an acute base, or ovate, even round-ovate, with an - obtuse, round or slightly cordate base and an acute or shortly acuminate apex. — The largest measure over 13:8cm. The color is rather dull green above and whitish — beneath. The branchlets, petioles and the midribs of the leaves are commonly more ~ or less pubescent. According to Henry the fruits are slightly pubescent. Ihave not yet seen female flowers or fruits. Dode distinguishes the typical P. laurifolia by its glabrous fruits from P. Lindleyana with pubescent capsules. 13. Populus Simonii Carriére. See p. 21. Populus Simonii, f. pendula Schneider. See p. 22. Populus Simonii, f. fastigiata Schneider. See p. 22. Sect. 4. AIGEIROS Duby in De Candolle Bot. Gall. ed. 2, 1. 427 (1828). — —— Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 75 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). 4 Populus, subgen. Eupopulus Dode, sect. Aegiri Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. — Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 14, 34) (1905). i Folia ramulorum turionumque satis similia, subtus vix v. paullo discoloria, viri — descentia, utraque pagina stomatifera, basi glandulifera; petioli plus minusve compressi, semper satis longi; gemmae plus minusve viscosae. Disci florum persis- tentes, sinuati; stigmata 2-4, plus minusve sessilia; stamina pleraque 15-30, - antheris subglobosis, non apiculatis. Capsulae variabiles. 14. Populus afghanica Schneider, n. sp. Populus nigra, var. afghanica Aitchison & Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 96 (Fl. Kuram Vall.) (1880). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 91 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). AFGHANISTAN: Kuram valley, 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 161, sterile). The authors’ description is quite sufficient. They say: “ possibly it may prove a distinct species; but in the absence of very complete material we have not ven- tured to give it that rank. A large tree, fully 100 feet in height and 8 feet in girth; quite wild, also cultivated in the vicinity of Shálizán, but only at one shrine. In ~ Hariáb district it is common, cultivated, and apparently wild also; in fruit ay. The extremely small leaves show on the upper side the same numerous stomata as the typical P. nigra Linnaeus. The branches are exceedingly slender. Dode | seems to have overlooked the description of this peculiar species. 15. Populus nigra Linnaeus, var. italica Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. II. 141 (1772). Populus nigra, var. pyramidalis Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XV.31 (1841).— Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 89 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). ? Populus nigra, var. sinensis Carriére in Rev. Hort. 1867, 340. — Wesmael in De Candolle Prodr. XVI. 2, 327 (1868); in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, II. 258 (Monog. Populus, 59) (1869). — Maximowicz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Most. LIV. 50 (1879). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 536 (1899). — Gom- bocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 91 (Mong. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus sinensis Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Eztr. Monog. In&d. Populus, 50, t. 12, fig. 72) (1905). CHINA. Northern China: without locality, G. E. Simon (fide Carriére). Southern Kansu: P. J. Piasezki (fide Maximowiez). Shensi: 1875, P. J: Piasezki (fide Maximowicz). SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 37 According to Hooker f., Stewart and others the Lombardy Poplar is cultivated here and there in the northwestern Himalaya and western Tibet. To this form be- longs a specimen in the Gray Herbarium with the label: Populus balsamifera, Herb. Falconer No. 957. The typical P. nigra Linnaeus Spec. 1034 (1753) (P. nigra, var. typica Beck, Fl. Nied.-Oestr. 303 [1890]). — P. europaea Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII [Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 51, t. 12, fig. 78] [1905] [non P. nigra Dode]) appears to find the eastern limits of its range in the Altai region. Of the very doubtful P. nigra, var. sinensis Carriére, I have seen only a culti- vated plant distributed by Dode and supposed to have come from the type plant. I do not know how to distinguish this cultivated plant from the Lombardy Poplar. The Lombardy Poplar has been introduced into China by foreigners and is cul- tivated especially in many of the treaty ports, including that of Ichang. It has also been introduced and is now cultivated in Tokyo and other parts of Japan. If the obscure P. nigra, var. sinensis Carriére, really came from China, and is really referable to P. nigra Linnaeus, the specimen was probably taken from a cul- tivated plant of the Lombardy Poplar. I do not believe that P. nigra Linnaeus or &ny of its forms grows spontaneously in China. E. H. W. Sect. 5. LEUCE Duby in De Candolle, Bot. Gall. 1. 427 (1828). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 137 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). 2 Populus, subgen. Leuce Dode, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 13) (1905). Folia ramulorum turionumque saepe satis diversa, subtus pleraque discoloria, superne haud stomatifera, basi saepe v. haud glaudulifera; petioli plus minusve compressi v. foliorum turionalium plus minusve cylindrici, semper satis longi. Gemmae haud v. vix viscosae. Disci florum persistentes, sinuati; stigmata pleraque 2, sessilia; stamina 5-20, subglobosa v. elongata, non apiculata. Capsulae satis parvae, elongatae. 16. Populus alba Linnaeus, Spec. 1034 (1753). — Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 295 (1833).— Stewart, Punjab Pl. 203 (1869). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 638 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees 640 (1906). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 141 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populus triloba Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 21, t. 11, fig. 5) (1905). Populus Morisetiana Dode, 1. c. 22, t. 11, fig. 11 (1905). The species seems to be wild (and often planted) in the northwestern Himalaya, Tibet and Altai. I have seen no specimens from those regions, and I do not know if Dode's species may really indicate any distinct form. 17. Populus tomentosa Carriére, in Rev. Hort. X. 340 (1867). — Wesmael in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 2, 325 (1868); in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, III. 228 (Monog. Populus, 48, t. 17) (1869). — Schneider, JU. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 21, fig. 5 f-g*, 7 t-u (1904). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 25, t. 11, fig. 21) (1905). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 24 (1908). — Gomboez in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 140 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908).— Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1786, t. 408, fig. 2 (1913). Populus alba, var. denudata Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 48 (non Hartig) (1879). 38 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Populus alba, var. tomentosa Wesmael in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. XXVI. 373 (1887).— Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 535 (1899). Populus alba Burkill, l. e. (non Linnaeus) (1899). — ?Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 211 (Fl. Kor. 11.) (1911). Populus pekinensis L. Henry, Rev. Hort. 1903, 355, fig. 142. Populus alba, var. seminuda Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 20 (1903). Populus glabrata Dode in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 27, t. 11, fig. 25») (1905). CHINA. Chili: Siwantze, G. E. Simon (ex Carriére, type); near Peking, Skatschkow (fide Maximowiez); same locality, E. Bretschneider; same locality, S. W. Williams (‘common over northern China, 50 feet high, timber not durable, flowers in April"); Yellow Temple, near Peking, Sept. 16, 1903, C. S. Sargent (“leaves very lustrous”); Peking, October 7, 1905, J. G. Jack. Chekiang: Shanghai, cultivated in Public Garden, 1908, D. Macgregor. A picture of a cultivated specimen of this tree will be found under Nos. 650 and 0321 of the collection of Wilson photographs and. also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 403. 18. Populus adenopoda Maximowiez. See p. 23. 19. Populus Sieboldii Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. IIl. 29 (1867), exclud. plantis masculis. — Wesmael in De Candolle, Prodr. XVl. pt. 2, 327 (1868); in Mém. Soc. Sci. Hainaut, lI. (Monog. Populus, 57) (1869). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 192, fig. 91 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 80 (1893).— Schneider, ZU. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 17, fig. 3 h-i, 7 h-1 (1904). — Dode in Mém. Nat. Hist. Autun, XVIII. (Eztr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 32, t. 11, fig. 33) (1905). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 29 (1908). — Gomboca — in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 131 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). — Henry in © Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. 1794, t. 408, fig. 6 (1913). Populus tremula, var. villosa Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 463 (non Lang) (1875). — Maximowiez in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 49 (1879). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 1. 37, tab. 18, figs. 1-10 (1900). — Matsumura Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. 7 (1912). aa ASIA. Saghalien: Korsakof, rare, June 1908, U. Faurie — o. * JAPAN. Hokkaido: Hakodate 1861, C. Mazimowicz; Shibetsu, July 12, 1884, — K. Miyabe; (near Mori, September 26, 1892, C. S. Sargent. Hondo: without - locality, P. von Siebold (type, ex Herb. Lugd. Bat.); prov. Mutsu, prope Aomori, in sylvis, May 1902, U. Faurie (Nos. 5085, 5087, 5088); same locality, June 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6644); prov. Shimotsuke, Lake Chuzenji, August 11, 1905, J. @ Jack; Nikko, April 25, 1904, N. Mochizuki; prov. Shinano, above Narai, alt. 1200 m., September 3, 1905, J. G. Jack. i This Japanese species seems to be distinct in the rather close dentation of its eaves. This tree is widely distributed in Japan from about central Hondo northward through Hokkaido to southern Saghalien. In Hondo it is not plentiful, but 1n Hokkaido it was formerly very abundant; but as its wood makes the best match- splints in Japan it has been promiscuously felled for this purpose. In the govern- ment forests in the more inaccessible parts of Hokkaido it still remains in fair quan- tity. Itis a tree of medium size with smooth grayish-green bark, and is very like — the common Aspen (P. tremula Linnaeus) in habit and general appearance, and like | that species it produces suckers freely. EH. w SALICACEAE. — POPULUS 39 20. Populus tremula Linnaeus, Spec. 1043 (1753). Populus tremula, var. a typica Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 19 (1904). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 25 (1908). — Gom- bocz in Math. Termesz. Közl. XXX. 126 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). WESTERN SIBERIA. Populus tremula, var. Davidiana Schneider. See p. 24. Populus tremula, var. Davidiana, f. tomentella Schneider. See p. 25. 21. Populus rotundifolia Griffith, Notul. Pl. As. IV. 382 (1854); Icon. Pl. As. IV. t. 546 (1854). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Autun, XVIII. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, sub Errata et Addenda, Espèce 34) (1905). — Gombocz in Math. Termesz. Kózl. XXX. 130 (Monog. Gen. Populi) (1908). Populi spec. Griffith, Itin. Notes, I1. No. 881 (1848). Populus microcarpa Hookqgr'f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 639 (1888). — Dode in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, Ni. (Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus, 32, t. 11, fig. 34) (1905). e INDIA. Bhutan: W. Griffith (No. 4495). This specimen may be the type of Hooker's P. microcarpa: Bhutan, about Panga and towards Chupeh, alt. 2500 m., Griffith. Having seen only one fruiting specimen of the typical P. rotundifolia by the kindness of the Keeper of the Kew Herbarium, I cannot decide whether var. Duclouxiana Gombocz to which I have referred some of Wilson’s plants from Szechuan is sufficiently distinct. The shape of the leaves is variable, but the fruits of the type are very small, and the pedicels are glabrous. Populus rotundifolia, var. Duclouxiana Gombocz. See p. 25. SPECIES INCERTAE. Populus Bonati Léveillé in Monde Plant. XII. 9 (1910); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VIII. 445 (1910). — Gombocz in Bot. Közl. X. 25, fig. (7) (1911). CHINA. Yunnan. Populus Bonati has been collected in Yunnan: Pa-ta-ouan, prés Pin Tchouan, March 3, 1907, Jean Py (No. 665 (type ex Léveillé), and according to Gombocz also by Ducloux at Tchong-chan. Gombocz considers P. Bonati a distinct species on account of its trilobed or trifid stigmas. His figures, l. c. p. 26, represent rather old female flowers of P. tremula, P. Bonati and P. adenopoda, and I have never seen such narrow and round stigmas on young flowers. The shape of the lobes of the stigmas seems variable even in the same species. The male flowers of P. Bonati are described with 12-15 stamens. In the flowers of typical P. adenopoda 1 have never found more than 7-9 stamens. I suggest that P. Bonati may be rather a form of P. rotundifolia, var. Duclouxiana than a form of P. adenopoda. Populus alaschanica Komarov in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 233 (1914). SOUTHERN MONGOLIA. Prov. Alashan: “ad ripas canalium irriga- torium et lacuum circa oppidum Dyn-juanj-in," I 27, April 15, June 4, 1908, Tshetyrkin (male and female types, ex Komarov). : According to the author this species belongs to Sect. Leuce, but I do not quite understand Komarov’s remark which follows: “An origine hybrida inter P. tre- mula L. et P. Przewalskii Max. (sect. Tacamahaca?) Populus tremula in vicinitate deest autem perfecte." The description is very short and rather insufficient. 40 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA SALIX L. Salix Wilsonii Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 28 (1905). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 301 (1909). Salix Mesnyi Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 530 (pro parte, non Hance) Sole vee Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 473 (1912). Western Hupeh: Ichang, side of streams, alt. 300 m., April and May 1907 (No. 2121; tree 6.5 m. tall); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300-1600 m., woodlands, May 1907 (No. 2140; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.8 m.); same locality, A. Henry (No. 3442); without locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 334, in part [juvenile flowers only in Herb. Arnold Arboretum]); 415*, ex von Seemen; 334 and 415* are co- types); without locality, A. Henry (No. 246, No. 1277, type, ex von Seemen, No. 3538). Kweichou: without locality, E. Faber (No. 116; tall tree; fruits). Kiangsu: without locality, d’Argy (“vulgo Se Me Jam Zu; on fait du thé avec les feuilles "; type of S. Argyi, & and 9); Nanking, E. Faber (No. 901; ?). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor (fruits). This species is certainly very nearly related to the Japanese S. glandulosa See- men, which is said by von Seemen to occur in Shensi, but it seems to differ in the Shape of the old leaves and of the stipules. The latter are wanting or small in S. Wilsonii, which has no glands on the petioles, while in S. glandulosa the semi- - cordate stipules are mostly distinctly developed, and the petioles bear glands which often are somewhat leaf-like. Von Seemen did not compare S. Wilsonii with S. glandulosa and with S. Rosthornii Seemen (in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 276, t. 2, E-H [1900]), which was collected by von Rosthorn's men (No. 1512) in southwestern Szech'uan, Nanch’uan. I have a strong belief that it is the same as S. Wilsontt, although 1 have seen only a leaf of it. S. Rosthornii Seemen would be the older name. This is the common Willow of the mountains of western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan, where it is abundant on the banks of streams and mountain torrents - between 1200 and 2000 m. altitude. It is a rather low tree with a short, very thick trunk and very numerous and thick ascending spreading or spreading branches and slender branchlets. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 512, 515, and 520 of the collection of my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 456, 457, and 458. E.H Salix paraplesia Schneider, n. sp. Arbor 6-7 m. alta. Planta ¢ glabra, ramulis foliis juvenilibus pe- duneulisque iis plantae 9 simillimis, vide inferius. Amenta coetanea, densiflora, pulchra, pedunculis 1-1.5 em. longis foliatis suffulta, 3.5-6 cm. longa, circiter 1-1.2 cm. crassa; flores ~ 5-7andri; filamenta basi pilosa, bracteis subduplo longiora, antheris flavis ovalibus coro- AEE OTR SALICACEAE. — SALIX 41 nata; glandulae duae, dorsalis lata, ovata, apice obtusa, ventralis haud minor, apice saepe bifida; bracteae oblongae, obtusae, flavae, utrinque villosae, v. pleraeque extus basi excepta glabrae. Planta 9 (fructifera!) ; ramuli glabri, sublucidi, purpurascentes, deinde cinereo-olivacei v. cine- rei. Folia obovato-elliptica, ovata v.rarius ovato-lanceolata, basi acuta v. obtusa, apice obtusa et subito breviter acuminata v. plus minusve sensim acuta, supra intense viridia, subtus pallide viridia v. in eodem ramulo albescentia, margine densissime subtiliter glanduloso-serrata, minora circiter 3.5 em. longa et 1.8 cm. lata, maxima usque ad 6 cm. longa et 3.2 cm. lata v. ad 7 em. longa et 2.5 em. lata; petioli 5-10 mm. longi, superne ad apicem glanduliferi. Amenta pedunculis 2-3 em. longis glabris foliiferis (foliis 3-5 ceteris simillimis) suffulta, 2.5—4 em. longa et 1.3 cm. crassa, rhachi villosa, densiflora; fructus gla- bri, breviter pedicellati, pedicello glandulam unam dorsalem latam bifidum paullo longiore; ovaria 7-8 mm. longa, ovato-conica, apice stigmatibus ut videtur brevibus subsessilibus coronata. Western Szech'uan: mountains west of Tachien-lu, alt. 2600— 3800 m., June 1904 (No. 4518, type; tree 6-7 m. tall; 7); same local- ity, September 1904 (No. 4518*; with fruits). This species seems most nearly related to S. pentandra Linnaeus and may rep- resent only a variety of that species. The c' specimen differs from those of S. pentandra collected in the Altai Mountains only in the broader glands, the shape of which is very variable in both the species. The fruiting branch bears on the upper part leaves which are very whitish underneath. 1 have not seen or found a description of a form of S. pentandra Linnaeus with such leaves. 'The 9 flowers may present some better differences, but the fruits are very much alike. There is a sterile specimen from western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 800 m., November 1907 (No. 1441; tree 18 m. tall, girth 2 m.); the leaves of which are glabrous and white tinged with red beneath. They are elliptic-lanceolate, from 6-10 cm. long and from 2-3.5 em. broad (others are deformed); the petioles are from 8-10 mm. long and bear two glands; the stipules are semicordate, half as long as the petioles and glandular-serrate. From this very tree Mr. Wilson sent euttings to the Arnold Arboretum, from which a young plant is growing very freely. The leaves are ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate, acute at the base and acuminate at the apex, measuring from 8 to 11 cm. in length and from 2.5 to 3.6 em. in width. They show the same white color underneath. I suppose that No. 1441 may belong to this new species. The specific name is derived from mapanAnjouos, resembling. The specimens of my No. 1441 came from a tree which is common in one locality in Changyang Hsien growing by the side of watercourses between altitudes of from 700 to 800 m. This tree grows tall (20-25 m.) and has a straight, rather slender trunk and dark gray deeply fissured bark. The branches are rather sparse, Short, spreading, rather slender, and form a loose oval crown. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 584 and 586 of the collection of my FTO um and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 459 and 460. 42 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix babylonica Linnaeus, Spec. 1017 (1753). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 465, t. 59 (1874); Ind. Trees, 637 (1908). — Hooker f., FI. Brit. Ind. V. 629 (1888). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 525 (proparte) (1899).— Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 28, t. 6, fig. 9-13, t. 8, fig. 4 (Mam. Hsyx. Hes Espon. Poce.) (1900); in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIII. 192 (1903). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 479 (1902). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 29, t. 3, fig. az (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Sym. - Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 82 (1908). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. - 36, fig. 11 m-n, fig. 15 b (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1749 (1913). ? Saliz chinensis Burman, Fl. Ind. 211 (errore typogr. 311) (1768). ? Salix cantoniensis Hance in Jour. Bot. V1. 49 (1868). E Saliz alba F. P. Smith, Chin. Mat. Med. 232 (non Linnaeus) (1871).—De- - beaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeauz, XXX. 109 (Fl. Shangh. 57) (1875).— Fauvel in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXII. 354 (1879). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 526 (1899). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, roadside, alt. 650 m., April 1907 3 (No. 2122; tree8 m. tall; 7; No. 2122; 9); Ichang, side of streams, ' etc., alt. 300-800 m., April 1907 (No. 1435, tree 5-12 m. tall; &; No. - 1435*; 9); same locality, A. Henry (No. 1328; with fruits; No. 3355; 4 d^); Nanto, side of streams, March 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 475; tree 3 4 m. tall; 2); Changlo Hsien, A. Henry (No. 6325; 7). Chekiang: : without precise locality, Barchet (& and 9); Ningpo, without pre- cise locality, 1908, D. Macgregor (2). Kwangtung: “ ad rivulorum margines in delta fl. Cantoniensis, certe spontanea," February 1867, Th. Sampson (Herb. Hance No. 13757, type of S. cantoniensis; d) Kiangsu: Shanghai, W. W. Perry (fruits). JAPAN. Kyushu: “in locis depressis principatus Fizen," Pierot (ex vont Seemen; 1 have not seen a wild specimen from Japan). Wilson's specimens agree very well with the description and figure by VOD Seemen. The female plant of No. 1435 differs a little in the somewhat denser silky pubescence, shorter bracts, a more distinct style and in its rather longer stigmas- In some of Barchet’s specimens the ovaries are subsessile. „Hance, 1. c., says of his S. cantoniensis: “ this is the only willow really found wild in southern China.” 1 cannot separate the specimen of Hance’s species 2 the Gray Herbarium from S. babylonica Linnaeus. Burkill, 1. c., says: “ The lowest flowers on the catkins have 5-7 stamens, while the uppermost have 3 or 2 This Hance failed to observe." With regard to this statement 1 suspect that SALICACEAE. — SALIX 43 Salix babylonica is cultivated in all the warmer parts of the world, although it does not stand very well our northern climate. In northern countries often hy- brids of this species with S. alba Linnaeus and S. fragilis Linnaeus or pendent forms of these species are planted as S. babylonica. See also S. Matsudana Koid- zumi (on p. 107). This is the common tree Willow of the region bordering the Yangtsze River from its mouth westward for nearly two thousand miles. On the alluvial soils from the region of the Tungting Lake eastward to the sea it is most abundant, and it has been very generally planted in the neighborhood of houses and villages. It is plentiful near Shanghai and is doubtless widely spread throughout the mild and warmer parts of China. Near lchang it does not ascend above 400 m. altitude, but in the warm valleys of western Szech'uan it grows up to 1300 m. altitude, and sometimes magnificent trees may be seen. From Ichang westward it is by no means common, whereas from Ichang eastward on the alluvial plains it is the most common tree. The habit is variable, and all forms are met with from the typical form with pendent branchlets and arching branches to one in which the branches are ascend- ing spreading. The most common form is intermediate between these extremes, and this probably represents the phylogenetic type. Salix babylonica is a favorite tree with the Chinese and is commonly depicted in Chinese drawings, pictures on porcelains, in wood-carvings and other works of art. The fruits are occasionally used for stuffing cushions and the like, and by peasants the leaves are locally used as “ tea." This Willow has been introduced into Japan, where it is now widely cultivated, being a favorite with Buddhist priests. In Tokyo and other Japanese cities it is a common street tree, and each year these trees are severely pruned and only the slender pendent branchlets are allowed to develop freely. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 86, 398, 470, 594, 630, 715 and 0167 of the collection of my photographs and in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 455, 461, 462, 463, 464. In this series of photographs the various forms of this Willow are shown. E HW. Salix atopantha Schneider, n. sp. Frutex parvus, erectus, ramosus, 0.6-2.5 m. altus; ramuli hornotini laxe puberuli v. glabri, vetustiores glabri, omnes intense purpurascen- tes; gemmae 6-7 mm. longae, oblongae, adpressae, glabrae, purpureo- brunneae. Folia nondum satis evoluta oblongo-elliptica, utrinque acuta v. obtusa, supra viridia, initio puberula, deinde costa paulo im- pressa excepta glabrescentia, nervis tenuiter incisis, subtus pallida v. glauca, initio tantum ad costam prominulam sparse puberula v. glaber- rima, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 6 vix visibilibus v. paulo pro- minulis, margine breviter glanduloso-denticulata v. rarius subintegra, minora circiter 1 cm. longa et 0.4 cm. lata, maxima ad 2.5 em. longa et 1 cm. lata. Amenta coetanea, pedunculis foliis 3-6 parvis normalibus instructis puberulis suffulta, rhachi villosa, densiflora; amenta 7 pe- dunculis 0.5-1 em. longis exceptis 1-2 em. longa et circiter 0.5-0.6 cm. crassa; flores diandri, filamentis liberis basi pilosis, antheris Rr. 44 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA subglobosis flavis instructi; glandulae 2, ventralis latior, 2-3-partita v. | 3-lobata, dorsalis simplex, minor, tenuior, omnes interdum quasi pseudodiscum 4-partitum formantes; bracteae obovatae, interdum | truncatae, filamentis subduplo breviores, apice fuscescentes, utrinque | breviter villosae v. ad apicem extus subglabrae; amenta 9 pedunculis | ad 1.5 em. longis exclusis 0.8-2 cm. longa et circiter 0.6 cm. crassa; ovaria sessilia, ovata, sericeo-tomentella, stylo brevi sed distincto — usque basim bipartito ramis divergentibus coronata; stigmata brevia, | biloba; bracteae ovariis longiores v. subaequilongae glandulaeque duae lis florum g simillimae. | Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, alt. 3700-4000 m., June 24, 1908 (No. 2137; shrub 1.2-2.4 m., 9; No. 21375; à); same locality, summit of Niu-tou-shan, alt. 3100 m., June | 20, 1908 (No. 2134, type; shrub 0.6-1.2 m.; 9; No. 2134*; d). | In its foliage this species very much resembles forms of sect. Longiflorae, but it 1 is well distinguished by the peculiar glands and by the hairy ovaries with the two - separated arms of the style. S. atopantha may represent the type of a new section. The specific name is derived from ároros, strange, and dv£os, flower. Salix magnifica Hemsley in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 163. — - Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 299 (1909). — Bean, Trees & - Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 484 (1914). Western Szech'uan: Mupin, mountains, alt. 3000 m., July 1903 - (Veitch Exped. No. 4526, in part, type number; shrub 7.5 m., only - two seen; fruits); same locality, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4526, - in part, type number; 7); west and near Wén-ch’uan Hsien, thickets, | alt. 2600-3000 m., ES 1908 (No. 14015; bush 0.9-6 m.); Chiu-ting- - shan, thickets, alt. 2000-2500 m., May 23, 1908 (No. 1401; bush 1.8-3 - m.); west of Kuan-Hsien, Miudou shut. alt. 2600-3000 m., thickets, - June 20, 1908 (No. 14015; bush 1.5-6 m.); Mupin, thickets, 2600-3000 | m., June 1908 (No. 1401°); same locality, October 1910 (No. 4363) sterile; bush 1.5-6 m.). | An extremely well-marked species. See also the following species and the de scription of sect. Magnificae, p. 113. | Salix ulotricha Schneider, n. sp. | Frutex S. magnificae Hemsley signis omnibus valde similis, ab ea praecipue differt: ovariis crassioribus, subsessilibus ovato-rotundis, | crispato-tomentellis, subito in stylum crassum contractis, stigmatibus paulo longioribus, distinctius revolutis, bracteis latioribus, dimidio ovario aequilongis v. subbrevioribus. | SALICACEAE. — SALIX 45 Western Szech’uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 14017; 9). In the branches, the size and shape of the large leaves, the glabrous peduncle and rhachis and in the glabrous bracts there seems to be no real difference between this species and S. magnifica Hemsley. But the typical S. magnifica has: ovaria longius pedicellata, oblonga v. ovata, glabra, apice attenuata stylo bifido stigmati- bus brevioribus bifidis coronata; bracteae ovato-oblongae. The length of the bracts and of the pedicels differs very much according to the age of the flowers, the uppermost in the catkins being the youngest. See also the description of the sect. Magnificae on p. 113. The specific name is derived from ovAdrptxos, with curly hair. Salix pella Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 4-6 m. altus; ramuli elongati, crassi, in sicco nigro-purpuras- centes, glabri. Folia oblongo-elliptica v. elliptica, apice acuta v. sub- obtusa, basi rotunda v. obtusa, supra viridia, laevia, costa flavescente subimpressa, subtus distincte pallida, ad costam pilis longis sericeis obtecta v. glabra, costa nervisque prominulis, nervis lateralibus fere modo S. magnificae Hemsley ante marginem evanescentibus, 1 pro 1 cm., reticulo ex parte satis distincto, margine plus minusve glanduloso- serrato-dentata v. crenulata v. ex parte integra, minora 3.5-8 cm. longa et 2-2.5 cm. lata, maxima usque ad 13 em. longa et 5.5 em. lata; petioli satis breves, 6-15 mm. longi, glabri v. pilis sericeis sparse obtecti, purpurascentes v. flavescentes. Amenta fructifera pedunculo 1-2 cm. longo sericeo suffulta, 4-9 em. longa, circiter 1.2 em. crassa, rhachi sericea. Fructus maturi circiter 5 mm. longi, glabri, brevipedicellati, pedicello glandulam unam ovato-truncatam subaequilongo; styli ut videtur mediocres, apice bifidi, stigmatibus bifidis; bracteae glabrae, flavo-brunneae, ovatae, apice truncatae, capsulis 3plo breviores. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, wood- lands, alt. 2600-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4350, type; bush 4-6 m.; with fruits). "This species differs from S. magnifica Hemsley in its shorter petioles, smaller and narrower, more distinctly serrate leaves, its much shorter catkins and in its trun- cate bracts. The nervation of the leaves is somewhat intermediate between that of sections Magnificae and Eriostachyae. At first I thought it might be a hybrid between S. magnifica and S. moupinensis Franchet which grow in the same region and has the same kind of silky pubescence on the under side of the midrib of the leaves, but the rhachis of the catkins is more glabrous in Franchet's species. The color of the under side of the leaves is the same as in S. magnifica, while the leaves of S. moupinensis Franchet have a greenish shining lower surface. S. pella may be nearly related to S. plocotricha Schneider, which is readily distinguished, however, by its hairy ovaries. As long as the male flowers are unknown it is always difficult to determine the real relationship of a Willow. The name is derived from weAAds, dark colored. 46 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix apatela Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1.8-3 m. altus; ramuli glabri, purpurascentes; gemmae late — ovatae, obtusae, purpureae, subpruinosae, 7-8 mm. longae. Folia . obovato-oblonga, basim versus angustata, acuta v. subrotundata, apice — obtusa v. breviter acuta, supfa saturate viridia, glabra, costa flava impressa, subtus valde pallida, glabra, costa nervisque flavis elevatis et subtiliter reticulatis, nervis angulo lato a costa orientibus parallelibus _ fere ad marginem currentibus 2 pro 1 cm., margine integra, minora circiter 5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, maxima ad 12 cm. longa et ad 5 em. — lata; petioli glabri, purpurei, 9-15 mm. longi, supra late sulcati. — Amenta fructifera ramulis glabris 3-5 em. longis folia 3-5 normalia - gerentibus suffulta, glabra, densiflora, 13-16 cm. longa, circiter 1.3 em. — crassa; fructus maturi ovato-oblongi, subsessiles, apice stylo bipartito stigmatibus bifidis coronato; bracteae ovatae, apice truncatae, flavo- brunneae, glabrae; glandula una, lata, rectangularis, pedicello aequi- longa. Western Szech'uan: Lungan Fu, Tu-ti-liang-shan, woodlands alt. 2600-3000 m., August 1910 (No. 4575; shrub 1.8-3 m.; fruits). This species looks somewhat like a form of S. magnifica Hemsley with smaller obovate-oblong leaves, but judging by the nervation it seems more nearly rela’ to S. Fargesii Franchet, from which it differs chiefly in its entire leaves only very finely reticulate beneath, and in the glabrous catkins and bracts; c' flowers are own. The specific name is derived from dzargAós, misleading. Salix moupinensis Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, X. 82 (Pl. David. II. 120) (1887). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 531 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 277 (1900). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 300 (1909). WesternSzech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2000-2300 m., Jun 1908 (No. 1412; shrub 2-3 m.; 9 flowers and fruits); same locality, [ 2600-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4370; bush 3-4.5 m.; sterile); same — locality, in silvis, March 1869, A. David (type; arbor ad 30 m. alta, - ex Franchet); west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 2300- 3000 m., July 1908 (No. 1417; shrub 1.5-6 m.; with fruits); west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, alt. 3000 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 14175; shrub 5-6 m.; with fruits); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-2700 m. - June 1908 (No. 2126; bush 3-5 m.; with fruits); same locality, alt- | 3000 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4522; shrub 2.5-5 m.; 2); same locality, A. Henry (No. 8891; fruits); Tachien-lu, A. E. Pratt (No. 335; ex Burkill). SALICACEAE. — SALIX 47 This fine species may be distinguished by its serrate acute leaves greenish yellow, glabrous and more or less reticulate beneath, by its thin slender flowering aments and by its small glabrous fruits. These are about 4 or 5 mm. long without the 1-2 mm. long pedicels. The almost verticillate arrangement of the flowers on the rachis is the same as in S. magnifica Hemsley, and is more prominent in these two species than in the other species of the sections Magnificae and Eriostachyae. Salix Fargesii Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 528 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 277, t. 3, fig. A—r (1900); 1. c. XXXVI. Beibl. LX XXII. 30 (1905). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 299 (1909). ; Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600-2300 m., June 1 and 5, July and October 1907 (No. 720; shrub 0.6-3 m. tall; with fruits; No. 720°; 9; No. 720^; 7; No. 720°; sterile); Changlo Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-2000 m., May 1907 (No. 2156; shrub 0.6-2.20 m.; d); Fang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1800-2300 m., November 1910 (No. 4439; shrub 0.5-1.5 m., often prostrate or procumbent; sterile); same locality May 1900 and later (Veitch Exped. No. 1820; 7 and e flowers and fruits); Changyang Hsien (Veiteh Exped. No. 679; ex von Seemen). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5678; co-type; with fruits): Tchen-keou-tin, P. Farges (No. 795, type; g ; ex Burkill). This handsome species is easily distinguished from S. moupinensis Franchet by its mostly larger leaves with a pale under surface, its thicker flowering aments and by the long silky hairs of the bracts. The ovaries mostly bear a longer style only cleft at the apex. Its nearest relative may be S. Ernesti Schneider which, like S. moupinensis Franchet, inhabits a different geographical region. Salix Ernesti Schneider, n. sp. Frutex breviter ramosus, erectus, 1.2-6.5 m. altus; ramuli intense purpurascentes, tantum initio sericeo-villosi, mox glabri, vetustiores purpureo-brunnei. Folia elliptica, obovato-elliptica v. late oblanceo- lata, basi obtusa v. acuta (v. in No. 2152 ex parte rotunda v. subaurita) apice subobtusa v. pleraque brevius v. longius acuta, supra sordide viri- dia, plus minusve, costa nervisque distinctius, puberula v. tomentella, subtus cinerea, sericea v. sericeo-villosa v. lanata et submicantia, deinde pleraque plus minusve glabrescentia, costa nervisque prominentibus, sed vix reticulata, nervis parallelis circiter 2 pro 1 cm., margine integra v. raro satis indistinete undulato-glanduloso-crenulata, minora latiora obtusiora 3-6 em. longa, 1.5-3 em. lata, maxima elliptica v. obovato- lanceolata acuta, usque 8-10 cm. longa et 2.2-4 em. lata v. ad 13 em. longa et 5 em. lata; petioli 5-10 mm. longi, undique v. tantum in sulco 48 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA superne sericeo-villosi; stipulae parvae, semi-ovatae, acutae v. nullae, — Amenta ¢ pedunculis 5-10 mm. longis folia 2-3 parva sericea gerenti- : | bus suffulta, 2-6 cm. longa, 0.8-1 cm. crassa, rhachi sericeo-villosa; - flores diandri, filamentis fere ad apicem villosis, antheris ovato-oblongis flavis; bracteae late obovatae, intus plus minusve glabrae, filamentis 4 fere duplo breviores; glandulae duae, ventralis ovata v. ovato-rectan- . gularis, dorsalis minor, saepe angustior. Amenta 9 pedunculis villosis — foliis 3-4 normalibus instructis 1-2.5 em. longis suffulta, 3-11 em. a longa, ad 1 em. (fructifera ad 1.5 em.) crassa, rhachi villosa, densiflora. — Flores sessiles v. subsessiles; ovaria ovato-oblonga, breviter villosa, i stylis satis longis fere ad basim partitis ramis divergentibus pur- - pureis coronatis; stigmata stylis breviora, angusta, bifida, divergentia; - bracteae obovato-oblongae, apice rotundae, ovariis juvenilibus aequi- longae, flavo-brunneae, utrinque sericeo-villosae v. pleraeque int glabrae; glandulae 1-2, ventralis late ovata v. ovato-elongata, api saepe truncata v. lobulata, ovario 3-4plo brevior, dorsalis minim: satis difficile recognoscenda v. nulla. Fructus laxe villosi, circiter 6 mm. : longi, ovariis similes, sed breviter pedicellati, pedicello glandula ventrali : breviora; bracteae fructibus paullo v. duplo breviores. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, near summit of Ni tou-shan, alt. 3000-3300 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 2151, type; &; No 2151*, 9; No. 2153; old 9 flowers; shrub 2.5-6 m.; No. 2132; d No. 21325; 9); west of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 4000 m., July 25, 1908 (No. 2149; with fruits; No. 2149*; à); southwest of Tachien-lu, al 3300-4200 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4520; shrub 1.2-1.8 mJ; Tachien-lu, alt. 2600-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2152; shrub 1.5-3.6 m., 9; forma foliis intensius molliter sericeo-villosis, basi saepe sub- auritis); Wa-shan, 2600-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2159; shrub 1.5-3. m.; #; forma glabriuscula floribus abnormalibus staminibus 3-4, 1-2 minoribus, instructis); Mupin, thickets, alt. 2600-3000 m., June 1908, No. 1406; shrub 2.4-3 m.; 9); same locality, woodlands, alt. 2600- 3300 m., October 1910 (No. 4371; shrub 2.4-3.6 m.; sterile); with- out locality, side of streams, alt. 3300 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4521; shrub 3 m.; 9). A very distinct species apparently nearly related to S. Fargesii Franchet (se above) but well distinguished from it by its nearly entire, more pubescent leaves, its hairy ovaries and fruits, its larger bracts and by its more pilose filaments. The dorsal gland does not always seem to be present, and it would be a very artificial arrangement to place this species in another section on account only of the develop- ment of a second gland. The species is named in compliment to Mr. Ernest H. Wilson. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 49 Salix argyrophegga Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1.5-3.6 m. altus, breviter ramosus; ramuli initio crispo-villosi, deinde glabrescentes, flavo-brunnei. Folia elliptica, ovato-elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, basi pleraque rotunda, apice breviter acuta v. ob- tusa, supra sordide viridia, initio plus minusve sericeo-villosula, deinde costa tomentella excepta glabrescentia, subtus dense v. laxius molliter sericeo-villosa, albescentia (v. subglabra, pallide viridia, tenuiter reticu- lata), costa nervisque 2 pro 1 em. elevatis, margine distincte argute serrata, dentibus callosis apicem versus productis, sinuosa, 5-8 cm. longa, 3.2-3.8 em. lata, maxima usque 13 cm. longa et 5.2 em. lata; petioli 10-15 mm. longi, sericeo-villosi; stipulae ovatae v. semiovatae, &cutae, petiolis fere triplo breviores, ad apicem glanduloso-serratae, pilosae. Amenta fructifera ramulis subvillosis 2.5-4 em. longis folia 3-4 normalia gerentibus suffulta, 9-14 cm. longa, circiter 1.5 cm. crassa, rhachi sericeo-villosa; flores (inter fructus remanentes) sessiles; ovaria ovato-elliptica, argenteo-sericeo-villosa, stylis bifidis quam stigmata oblonga bifida paulo longioribus coronata; bracteae late ovato-rotun- dae, brunnescentes, extus sericeae, intus (et interdum apice) glabrae, ovariis duplo breviores; glandula una ventralis oblonga, bracteis duplo brevior. Fructus circiter 6 mm. longi, subsessiles, ad apicem paulo attenuati, ut ovaria villosi. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, alt. 2600-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2154, type; bush 1.5-3.6 m.; with fruits). This species seems most nearly related to S. Ernesti Schneider, but differs clearly in its serrate leaves, the smaller bracts, the narrower gland and in the yel- lowish brown twigs. Unfortunately there are no c? flowers. The specific name is derived from dpyvpodeyy/s, shining like silver. Salix plocotricha Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 3—7 m. altus, ramosus; ramuli tantum juveniles sericei, mox glabri, annotini nigro-purpurascentes glabri Folia (nondum satis evoluta) oblongo-elliptiea v. obovato-lanceolata, basi acuta, obtusa v. rotunda, apice obtusa v. breviter acuta, supra viridia, initio sparse puberula, deinde costa excepta glabra, subtus pallidiora, initio sericeo- tomentella saepe pilis fulvis intermixtis, deinde tantum ad costam paulo elevatam plus minusve sericea, nervis vix prominulis, rete ner- vorum tenuissimo, margine brevissime et distanter crenulato-serrata v. subintegra, minora (ramulorum florif.) 4-5.5 cm. longa et 1.8-2 em. lata, maxima usque 10 em. longa et 3 em. lata; petioli initio sericei, deinde tantum sulco superne tomentelli, purpurascentes, 5-15 mm. 50 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA longi. Stipulae ut videtur minimae v. nullae. Amenta g et 9 similia — ramulis 3—5.5 em. longis laxe sericeis folia 3-4 normalia gerentibus _ suffulta, rhachi villosa, 5-9 cm. longa, circiter 1 cm. crassa, densiflora flores ¢ diandri, filamentis basi villosis, antheris flavis ovalibus, glan: dulis 2 separatis, ventrali late ovata obtusa crassiuseula, dorsali mi nore, angustiore; bracteae ovatae, obtusae, filamentis 3plo breviores, utrinque intus laxius crispo-sericeae, brunneae; ovaria sessilia, ovata, — crispo-tomentella, stylo purpureo fere aequilongo, apice bifido, stigma- - tibus brevibus bifidis coronata; glandula una, lata, apice truncata v. - emarginata; bracteae ovario circiter duplo breviores ceterum ut in floribus masculis. Fructus ignoti. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, near summit of Niu- tou-shan, 3000 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 2147, type; shrub 3-7 m.; 9; No. 2147*, co-type; g). ; Almost identical with those of this species seem to be specimens from Mupin, thickets, alt. 2600-3300 m., May and October 1908 (No. 1407; bush 1.5-3 m., d'i - No. 1407^; sterile). The mature leaves are elliptic, mostly acute at the ends, finely glandular-serrate, grayish and glabrous beneath, with a distinctly promi- nent rib and nerves and a very fine reticulation. They measure from 6-10 cm. 1n - length and from 2.5-3.5 in width. There are two other specimens from Mupin, alt. 2600-3000 m., May 1908 (No. 2157; shrub 1.8-2 m., and 2158; shrub 3 m.); No. 2158 has abnormal 9 flowers with hairy ovaries and may very well belong toS. plocotricha Schneider, but No. 2157 with its nearly glabrous ovaries looks somewhat like a hybrid between this species and S. moupinensis Franchet. See also S. spa- thulifolia Seemen, p. 114. The specific name is derived from zAóxos, curl, and 6pí£, hair. Salix phanera Schneider, n. sp. ; Frutex altissimus v. arbor 7-12 m. alta; ramuli crassi, ut videtur oli- vacei, sed in sicco nigrescentes, initio tomentelli, sed mox glabri. Folia ovato-lanceolata v. late elliptico-lanceolata, basi obtusa v. rotundata (v. subaurita) ad apicem sensim breviter acuminata v. acuta, supra sordide viridia, sparse v. vix costa impressa excepta puberula, satis distincte inciso-reticulata, subtus initio densissime molliter sericeo- tomentosa, deinde paullo glabrescentia, cinerea v. cinereo-alba, nervis ut costa glabriusculis flavidis elevatis numerosis parallelis circiter 2 pro 1 cm., distincte elevato-reticulata, margine breviter crenato-den- ticulata, minora 6-11 cm. longa et 3.5-4 cm. lata, maxima 15-22 em. longa et 5.5 em. lata; petioli 1-2 em. longi, superne sulco aperto to- mentelli; stipulae parvae v. satis evolutae, semicordatae, glanduloso- dentatae, ut folia tomentellae et reticulatae. Amenta (c tantum visa) ramulis cireiter 3 em. longis folia 3 normalia gerentibus suffulta, 10-12 em. longa, vix 1 em. crassa, rhachi villosa; flores diandri, fila- SALICACEAE. — SALIX 51 mentis liberis 24 villosis, antheris flavis ovato-oblongis; bracteae late ovatae, apice rotundae, glanduliferae, flavo-brunneae, utrinque sericeo- villosae, filamentis duplo breviores; glandula ventralis oblonga, satis crassa, bracteis vix duplo brevior, saepe incisa, dorsalis paullo brevior, saepe bifida. Western Szech’uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, thickets, 2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2155, type; very large bush or tree, 7-12 m.; g); same locality, October 1910 (No. 4352; bush 2.6-4 m.; sterile). A striking species, exceedingly well marked by its very long and distinctly reticu- late leaves and by its long slender male aments. lt seems most nearly related to S. phaidima Schneider, which has the same long and narrow aments. The specific name is derived from davepós, distinct. Salix phaidima Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1.8-3 m. altus; ramuli initio sparse sericeo-villosi, mox glabri, purpureo-nigri; gemmae ovatae, purpureae, divaricantes, petiolis sub- duplo breviores. Folia lanceolata v. minora ovato-lanceolata, basi obtusa v. rotunda, rarius acuta, apice acuta v. acuminata, supra ut videtur intense viridia, initio sparse, costa distinctius, sericeo-villosula, deinde fere glabra, costa paulo impressa, nervis vix visibilibus, subtus etiam adulta dense molliter sericea, alba, micantia, tantum costa ele- vata glabriuscula, margine integra, interdum leviter undulata, minora 3-7 em. longa, 1.2-2 cm. lata, maxima sensim acuminata 9-15 cm. longa et 1.3-2 em. lata; petioli 5-12 mm. longi, initio sericeo-villosuli, deinde glabri, leviter suleati; stipulae pleraeque nullae v. minimae, Sericeae. Amenta ramulis 1.5-3 em. longis subsericeo-villosis folia 3-5 parva v. mediocra normalia gerentibus suffulta, elongata, gracilia, saepe curvata, rhachi villosa, & 8-10 cm. longa, circiter 5 mm. crassa, 9 7-12 em. longa, circiter 8 mm. crassa, fructifera nondum visa; flores &' diandri, filamentis liberis ad apicem pilosis, antheris flavis ovato- elongatis; bracteae flavo-brunneae, oblongae, apice obtusae, utrinque sericeo-villosae; glandula ventralis oblonga, apice saepe bifida, bracteis duplo brevior, dorsalis subaequalis, saepe bipartita interdum cum ventrali quasi pseudodiseum 3-4-partitum formans; flores 9 : ovaria sessilia, ovato-oblonga, breviter sericea, stylo mediocri apice bifido stigmatibus angustis bifidis coronata; bracteae ut in floribus d; glan- dula una ventralis elongata v. filiformis, fere medium ovarii attingens. Western Szech’uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1700-2300 m., May and November, 1908 (No. 1409, type; 9 flowers and old leaves; No. 1409", # co-type). 52 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA A very graceful species well distinguished by its long narrow catkins and leaves. In the silvery pubescence of the leaves it resembles S. psilostigma Andersson and S. viminalis Linnaeus. By its catkins it seems most nearly related to S. phanera Schneider. In S. psilostigma Andersson the catkins are considerably shorter, otherwise, so far as 1 can judge from the material before me, the Hupeh form of this species comes very near my new S. phaidima, which has longer petioles and quite entire leaves. The specific name is derived from ¢daidipos, illustrious. Salix dissa Schneider, n. sp. Frutex ramosus, 0.6-1.5 (-2.4) m. altus, erectus; ramuli hornotini plus minusve dense breviter albo- (v. interdum fulvo-) tomentelli, annotini parce tomentelli v. glabrescentes, cinereo-brunnei, deinde cinerascentes; gemmae glabrae v. sparse pilosae, ovatae, acutae, ad- pressae, 3-3.5 mm. longae. Folia (nondum matura) oblongo-elliptica, utrinque obtusa v. basi subaurita, (in 2145 apice breviter acuta), supra viridia, glabra, sed ad costam elevatam flavidam puberula, subtus glauca v. initio pruinosa, glaberrima, costa elevata, nervis lateralibus vix v. paulo supra interdum distinctius prominulis, margine inte- gerrima, minora 1-1.5 cm. longa, 5-6 mm. lata, majora usque 2.8-3 em. longa et 0.8-1 em. lata; petioli 1-3 mm. longi, glabri. Amenta ramulis folia 3-6 normalia gerentibus ut rami pilosis 0.5-3.5 em. longis, rhachi villosa, pedunculata, c 2-5.5 em. longa, circiter 0.5-0.8 em. crassa, subdensiflora brevius (0.5-1 cm.) pedunculata, 9 3-5 cm. longa, circiter 0.6-0.7 mm. crassa, pedunculis usque 3.5 em. longis; flores ¢ diandri, filamentis liberis ad medium villosis, antheris flavis subglobosis parvis; glandula ventralis anguste ovata, dorsali simili paulo major, bracteam late obovatam parvam brunnescentem glabram subaequans; ovaria ovato-oblonga, sessilia, glabra, stylo brevissimo stigmatibus brevibus saepe bifidis subbreviore coronata. Fructus maturi nondum visi. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, summit of Niu-tou- shan, alt. 3300 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 2136; type; bush 0.9-1.5 m.; 9; No. 2136*, 9 ; No. 2160; bush 0.6 m.; 4); west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2300—3300 m., July 1908 (No. 2145; bush 1.5-2.4 m.; g; No. 2145*, 9; leaves of 9 twig acute at the apex, otherwise I can see no difference). This species very much resembles S. cathayana Diels, but on account of the dorsal gland in the e flowers I place it in a different section. The region from which S. dissa Schneider comes is extremely rich in endemic Willows. The male flowers are very much like those of S. dyscrita Schneider, the dorsal gland of 3 which seems to be very small. The specific name is derived from 9waós, ambiguous. ee ee SALICACEAE. — SALIX 53 Salix dyscrita Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1.5-3 m. altus, ramosus, erectus; ramuli initio sericeo- tomentelli, deinde glabri v. glabrescentes, olivaceo-brunnei v. plerum- que cinerascentes. Folia (juvenilia tantum visa) elliptica, utrinque obtusa, supra viridia, tantum costa subincisa villosula v. glabra, subtus cinerea v. paulo pruinosa, initio distincte sericea v. sericeo- tomentella, mox subglabra, tantum ad costam sericea, nervis utrinque satis difficile visibilibus, margine integra, minora circiter 1 cm. longa et 0.6 em. lata, majora usque ad 2.5 cm. longa et 1 em. lata; petioli 1-3 mm. longi, sericei. Amenta c pedunculis sericeo-villosis vix 1 cm. longis folia 3-4 normalia gerentibus suffulta, rhachi villosa, 34.5 cm. longa, 0.6-0.9 em. crassa, densiflora; flores 7 diandri, filamentis 2 liberis ad medium villosis, antheris ovalibus flavis; glandula ventralis ovato-oblonga, bracteis late ovatis in eodem amento viridibus v. fere nigro-brunneis intus glabris extus sericeis v. subglabris satis longe sericeo-ciliatis subduplo brevior, dorsalis minima. Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, Ta-hsiang-ling, alt. 2300-3000 m., May 1908 (No. 1429*i*, type; bush 1.5-3 m.; 2). .. This species resembles S. dissa Schneider, but differs from it in the somewhat Silky under surface of the leaves, the larger and denser aments, the larger anthers, the very small dorsal gland and in the slightly larger bracts which are partly greenish. S. dyscrita may be of hybrid origin. At first I thought that Wilson's No. 2129 (see S. driophila Schneider, p. 59) from the same place might repre- sent the 9 plant of S. dyscrita, but the leaves have a denser and different pubescence. The specific name is derived from dvexperos, ambiguous. Salix hypoleuca Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 31 (1905). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 299 (1909). Western Szech’uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m. (No. 1411; shrub 1.5-2.4 m.; 9; No. 1411"; c); same locality, November 1909 (No. 1404; shrub 0.75-1.5 m., sterile; gemmae ovato-oblongae, subacutae, purpureae, petiolis aequilongae); same locality, woodlands, alt. 2600-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4336; shrub 2-4 m.; sterile; foliis utrinque acutis); same place (No. 4367; bush 1.5-2.4 m.; living plants i the Arboretum). Western Hupeh: without locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 334, in part; mixed with S. glandulosa Seemen; With fruits; folia ovata v. ovato-elliptica); Fang Hsien, alt. 2000— 3000 m. (Nos. 4434, 4437; living plants in the Arnold Arboretum). Shensi: “In kia pu, Lao-y-san,” March, G. Giraldi (No. 5362; type, ex Seemen); “Lao-y-san,” June 4, 1897, G. Giraldi (with fruits; co-type). 54 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA The description of von Seemen being based on rather incomplete fruiting mate- rial, I add a fuller description based on Wilson’s specimens, especially on No. 1411. Frutex 0.9-3.6 m. altus, ramosus; ramuli tantum initio sparse pilosi, mox glabri, purpureo- v. nigro-brunnei. Folia elliptica, elliptico-oblonga, lanceolata v. rarius ovata, basi in petiolum breviter attenuata v. saepissime obtusa v. rotundata, apice acuta v. subacuta, supra viridia, initio saepe tota facie breviter pilosula pilis fulvis et albis mixtis v. tantum costa albo-tomentella, mox glabra, subtus glauca, semper glabra v. tantum costa initio pilosula, margine integra, minora 2-3.5 cm. longa et 1-1.5 cm. lata, majora lanceolata usque ad 5 em. longa et 2 cm. lata v. latiora ad 4.5 cm. longa et 2.3 cm. lata, utrinque costa nervisque tenuiter prominentibus, vix reticulata; petioli graciles, mox glabri, (3-)5-10 mm. longi. Amenta coetanea, pedunculo 3-10 mm. longo foliis minimis v. parvis saepe caducis instructo suf- fulta, rhachi glabra v. sparse pilosa, c laxiflora, 2.5—4.5 em. longa et 0.5-0.6 mm. crassa, 9 densiflora, 2.5-5 cm. longa et 0.5 (v. fructifera 0.7) em. crassa; flores d' diandri, filamentis liberis fere ad medium villosis, antheris parvis subglobosis flavis (v. dein brunneis); glandula una ventralis ovata v. apice incisa, satis crassa, bractea duplo brevior; bracteae obovatae, obtusae, brunnescentes, glabrae; flores 9 ut a cl. von Seemen descripti. Salix hypoleuca, var. platyphylla Schneider, n. var. A typo differt folis latioribus late ellipticis basi rotundis apice brevissime apiculatis, 2.3-4.7 cm. longis et 1.5-3 em. latis, amentis fructiferis longioribus, ad 7.5 cm. longis, ramulis annotinis flavidis. Western Szech'uan: west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m., July 1908 (No. r418*, type; shrub 3-6 m.; with fruits); same locality, October 1908 (No. 1418; sterile; ramulis annotinis nigro-purpurascentibus). Giraldi's specimen of the type agrees very well with Wilson's No. 1411. The Hupeh plant is intermediate between the type and var. platyphylla, which other- wise agrees with this species. S. hypoleuca may be distinguished from S. longiflora Andersson by its glabrousness, by the somewhat longer petioles and by the almost sessile stigmas. Of No. 1418 there are living plants in by the Arnold Arboretum, but they have not yet flowered. Salix rhoophila Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1.2-2.4 m. altus, valderamosus; ramuli juveniles tantum villo- suli, interdum pilis albis et fulvis mixtis, hornotini dein subglabri, anno- tini vetustioresque glabri purpurascentes, subpruinosi. Folia valde juvenilia tantum primaeva subtus v. utrinque albo-tomentella (pilis fulvis intermixtis), mox glabra, elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, integra, ceterum nondum satis evoluta. Amenta c subsessilia, basi foliolis minimis 2 v. squamiformibus saepe caducis instructa, 1-1.5 cm. longa, circiter 0.6 cm. crassa, rhachi villosula; flores diandri, fila- mentis libris basi villosis, antheris parvis flavis ovato-globosis, glan- SALICACEAE. — SALIX 55 dula una ventrali plus minusve latiore quam longa, bracteis ovalibus apice rotundis v. subtruncatis flavo-brunneis glabris filamentis duplo brevioribus. Amenta 9 pedunculis circiter 5 mm. longis pilis albis et fulvis praeditis foliola minima 2-3 gerentibus instructa, rhachi sparse villosa, divaricata, tenuissima, 2-3 em. longa, 3(—4) mm. crassa; ovaria brevia, ovata, sessilia, glabra, stigmatibus brevibus subintegris; brac- teae late ovatae, obtusae, ovariis subaequilongae, brunneae, glabrae; glandula una ventralis ovata v. subrectangularis, ovario triplo brevior. — Haud sine dubio addeo ramulos steriles No. 21175/*: ramuli horno- tini plus minusve laxe villosuli, annotini glabri v. subglabri, purpureo- cinerei, deinde cinerascentes; gemmae ut videtur parvae, ovato-oblon- gae, subacutae purpureae, subglabrae, petiolis 3plo breviores. Folia minora elliptica v. elliptico-lanceolata, utrinque acuta, 2-4.5 em. longa, 1-1.5 em. lata, majora oblanceolata, basim versus angustata, acuta, apice acuta v. sensim breviter acuminata, ad 4.5:2 cm. magna v. pleraque angustiora 5-8 em. longa et 1.5-1.8 cm. lata, supra viridia, tantum costa puberula, nervis paulo prominulis, subtus cinereo-glauca, tota facie pilis brevibus sparsis albis et fulvis obtecta et costa sericeo- puberula v. in toto glabra; petioli 4-10 mm. longi, superne puberuli. Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 2300-2600 m., May 16, 1909 (No. 2117, type; bush 1.2-2.4 m., much branched; 9, No. 2117%, co-type; d); same locality, in the fall (No. 2117*'5; sterile). This species seems nearly related to S. hypoleuca Seemen by its small ovaries with sessile stigmas, but the male catkins are different, so far as 1 can judge from the material before me. If the No. 211755 with mature leaves really belongs to the same species, the shape of the leaves is somewhat different from those of S. hypoleuca, and the petioles and young twigs are pubescent. See also the following species, The specific name is derived from fdos, river, and pAé@, I love. Salix polyclona Schneider, n. sp. 1, Frutex 2.4-3.6 m. altus, valde ramosus; ramuli initio laxe sericel, annotini glabri, purpureo-brunnei, vetustiores cinereo-brunnei. Folia Guvenilia tantum visa) elliptico-oblonga (v. in 2116>* elliptica) supra costa puberula excepta mox glabra, subtus plus minusve, saepe dense, albo-sericea (interdum pilis fulvis intermixtis), colore incerta, basi obtusa, apice acuta, integra, 1.5-3 cm. longa, 0.6-1 cm. lata (in No. 2116%is supra initio saepe fulvo-pilosa, mox costa puberula excepta glabra, subtus ad costam dense sericeo-villosa, mox glabra, ut videtur pallidiora, 2-3.5 cm. longa, 1-1.7 em. lata); petioli 1-2 em. longi, 56 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA sericei (in No. 2116^/* 2-6 mm. longi, tomentelli). Amenta 9 florifera peduneulo vix 3-5 mm. longo sericeo foliola minima normalia 2-3 gerente suffulta, 2-3 em. longa, circiter 5 mm. crassa, rhachi sericea, densiflora; ovaria sessilia v. subsessilia, glabra, ovato-oblonga, stylo mediocri apice subbifido stigmatibus bifidis brevibus sublongiore co- ronata, glandula una ventralis, oblonga, bracteis subrotundis brunnes- centibus intus glabris extus et margine satis longe sericeis fere aequi- longa (in No. 2116>!* amenta pedunculo brevi saepissime defoliolato, bracteis glabris). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, alt. 2300-2600 m., May 16, 1909 (No. 2116, type; 9; bush 2.4-3.6 m., much branched); same place, side of streams, alt. 1700-2300 m., May 16, 1909 (No. 2116°'*; bush 1.8-2.4 m.; 9 flowers a little older). This species comes from the same place as S. rhoophila Schneider, but it differs from that species in the distinct styles and the silky bracts. No. 21106bis looks somewhat intermediate with its glabrous bracts and distinct styles. 1 do not know if No. 2116*is really belongs to S. polyclona, but it differs also from S. rhoo- phila Schneider. Both these species may be distinguished from the forms of S. longiflora Andersson or S. cathayana Diels by their leafless or shorter peduncles and by their different geographical distribution. It is extremely difficult to inter- pret the Chinese Willows of this section, and I think it better to separate at present the different forms rather than to unite them without sufficient reason. AS I have stated above, central China has an uncommonly rich development of the genus Saliz, and anybody who has been earnestly interested in the study of this genus knows the difficulty in obtaining sufficient material of the flowers of the two sexes and of mature leaves of both. Mr. Wilson, however, has been more success- ful in securing complete material than other collectors of Chinese Willows. The specific name is derived from soAoxAevos, with many branches. Salix mictotricha Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 4.5-6 m. altus, valde ramosus; ramuli initio laxe sericeo- villosuli, annotini glabri v. subglabri, purpureo-brunnei v. in sicco nigrescentes, vetustiores cinerascentes. Folia (juvenilia) elliptica V. late elliptica, basi rotunda, apice rotunda usque subacuta, supra ut videtur laete viridia, initio sparse sericea v. sericeo-tomentella, moX glabra v. tantum costa puberula, subtus cinerea v. glauca, initio pilis longis sericeis obtecta v. tantum costa villosula, mox glabrescentia, margine integra, minora 1.5-2 cm. longa et 0.9-1.5 em. lata, majora (plantae d) ad 2.3:1.2 em. v. (plantae 9) ad 2.6:1.7 em. magna; - petioli sericei v. villosuli, 3-5 mm. longi, graciles. Amenta c sub- sessilia, basi foliolis minimis sericeis 1-2 suffulta, 2 em. longa, vix 4 — emplea densiflora, rhachi sericea; flores diandri, filamentis liberis _ basi pilosis quam bracteae 2}4plo longioribus, antheris ovalibus flavis; — SALICACEAE. — SALIX 57 glandula una oblonga, bracteis obovato-rotundis utrinque fulvo-sericeis (pilis albis intermixtis) duplo brevior. Amenta 9 brevissime pedun- culata, basi foliolis parvis 2 normalibus instructa, 2-2.5 em. longa, den- siflora, rhachi pilosa; ovaria ovato-elliptica, sessilia, glabra, stylo brevi subbifido stigmatibus brevissimis bifidis coronata; bracteae late obovatae, flavo-brunnescentes, tantum extus basi pilosae, ovariis juvenilibus subaequilongae (in fructibus valde breviores); glandula una, obovata, obtusa, ovariis circiter 3plo brevior. Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, 1300-1700 m., May 14, 1907 (No. 2118, type; bush 4.5-6 m.; à; No. 21188; 9 co-type). This species may be easily distinguished by the brownish silky bracts of the 7 plant. In the 9 plant the leaves are broad and roundish at the apex, somewhat resembling those of S. hypoleuca Seemen, but are pubescent like the petioles and branchlets while young. The shape of the leaves is different from that of those of S. longiflora Andersson or S. cathayana Diels, which have a little larger fruits and well developed leaves on the peduncles. The specific name is derived from p«rós, mixed, and 6pí£, hair. Salix cathayana Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 281 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). Saliz longiflora Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 530 (pro parte, non Anders- son) (1899). Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 1600-2000 m., June 1908 (No. 1402; bush 2.4-3.6 m.; with fruits); same locality, alt. 2000-2300 m., June 1908 (No. 1408; bush 1.8-3 m.; with fruits; No. 1408"; o; No. 2131; with fruits); same locality, woodlands, alt. 2300-2600 m., October 1910 (No. 4365; bush 4.5-6 m.; sterile [foliis utrinque acutis subtus distincte sericeis]); same locality, thickets, alt. 2600 m., October 1910 (No. 4368; bush 3-6.6 m.; sterile [forma satis parvifolia fere glaberrima]); Ching-chi Hsien, Ta-hsiang-ling, thickets, alt. 2000-3000 m., May 1908 (No. 1428; bush 1.2-2.4 m.; with immature fruits; [amentis ad 5 cm. longis]; Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., May 23, 1908 (No. 2127; bush 1.8-2.4 m.; v); west of Kuan Hsien, summit of Niu-tou-shan, alt. 3300 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 2135; bush 0.6-1.2 m.; 9; No. 2135*, @); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 3300 m., June 1908 (No. 1405; bush 1.8-3 m; 9 flowers and fruits; No. 1405?, sterile, collected in the fall); same locality, alt. 2600-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2130; bush 3-4.5 m.; c); without exact locality, mountain tops, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4516; bush 0.9-1.2 m.; ~); without locality, side of streams, 3000-3300 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4517; bush 1.8-3.6 m.; y). Yunnan: 58 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Tali Range, alt. 2600-3000 m., June 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4600, type; 9); Mosoyn, April 4, 1887, J. Delavay (ex Diels). The description by Diels is rather incomplete, and I think it best to add a full description based on the good material collected by Wilson. Frutex 0.6-4.5 m. altus, valde ramosus; ramuli initio sericeo-villosuli v. interdum tomentelli (imo apice tomentosi), vetustiores subglabri v. glabri, flavo-brun- nescentes v. saepissime cinerascentes; gemmae breviter ovatae, plus minusve ob- tusae, pilosae v. in eodem ramulo glabrae, petiolis breviores v. subaequilongae. Folia elliptica v. elliptico-lanceolata, utrinque obtusa v. apice plus minusve acuta (No. 1405, 1408, 4368), rarius basi etiam acuta (No. 4365), supra satis viridia, initio saepe plus minusve, deinde costa tantum puberula v. sericea (adulta in No. 4368 interdum tota glabra), subtus glauca v. cinerea, initio sericea (rarius tomen- tella), interdum pilis fulvis intermixtis, deinde pleraque plus minusve glabra (in 1405, 4365 etiam adulta tota sericea), costa nervisque subtus distincte prominulis, mar- gine integra, minora (pedunculorum) 1-3 em. longa et 0.6-1 cm. lata, majora 3-5 cm. longa et 1.2-1.5 em. lata (v. in No. 1408 folia nondum matura ad 5 cm. longa et ad 2 cm. lata); petioli 2-5 mm. longi, plus minusve pilosi. Amenta c' pedunculis 0.5-1.5 cm. longis sericeis v. villosis foliola 3-6 normalia gerentibus suffulta, 2-3(-3.5) em. longa, 0.6-0.8 em. crassa, densa v. interdum sublaxiflora; flores diandri, filamentis liberis ad medium pilosis bracteis 2-3plo longioribus, antheris satis parvis ovalibus v. subglobosis flavis; glandula una ovato-oblonga, Satis crassa, bracteis late ovatis v. obovatis apice rotundis intus glabris extus margineque sericeis flavo-brunneis paulo v. vix brevior. Amenta 9 ut a cl. Diels descripta, sed interdum ad 5 em. longa, pedunculis (etiam in typo ad 1 em.) ad 1.8 cm. longis; styli breves sed distincti, apice bifidi, stigmatibus brevibus bifidis. Fructus 3-4 mm. longi, ovato-oblongi, sessiles v. subsessiles, glabri; bracteae interdum ovato-oblongae. This is a rather variable species, very near to jS. longiflora Andersson (see p. 121). Of No. 1428 Mr. Wilson sent plants to the Arboretum of which the young branchlets are slightly hairy. The old leaves are glabrous, except the midrib on both sides, deep green above, glaucous-gray beneath, elliptieal, nearly roundish at the base, shortly acute at the apex, about 1-2 cm. long, 2 em. broad. The petioles are 3-4 mm. long, of about the same length as the buds. „The specimen collected by E. Faber on Mount Omei (No. 103; tree 3 m. tall; with young fruits) which is referred to S. longiflora Andersson by Burkill, may represent a different form. The branchlets, the petioles and the midrib of the leaves bear a brownish tomentum. The leaves are narrow-elliptical, more or less acute at both ends and up to 4.5 cm. long and 1.6 cm. broad. The petioles of the larger leaves are 5-8 mm. long. The 9 flowers or young fruits agree with the de- scription given above, but the ovaries are slightly silky at the base, and their bracts are more silky than in the other specimens before me. Mount Omei being so rich in endemic species, this form needs further investigation; it seems to be indeed very nearly related to S. longiflora Andersson, of which I have not seen sufficient material. Salix macroblasta Schneider, n. sp. Frutex ramosus, 2-6 m. altus; ramuli annotini plus minusve breviter pilosi, flavescentes v. flavo-brunnei, vetustiores glabri, cinereo-brunnei; gemmae satis evolutae oblongae, acutae, flavo-rubrae, glabrae V- minute puberulae, petiolis circiter duplo longiores. Folia adulta an- SALICACEAE. — SALIX 59 guste lanceolata (in No. 4356 latiora, elliptico-lanceolata), basi rotunda v. subcordata (aurita), apice acuta, supra intense viridia, subnitida, costa minute puberula, ceterum glabra, costa nervisque subprominulis, subtus albescentia v. glaucescentia, glabra (v. sub lente pilis sparsis obtecta), costa flava nervisque plus minusve prominulis vix reticulata, integra, 1.4-3 cm. longa et 0.5-0.9 cm. lata (in No. 4356 2.5—4 cm. longa et ad 1-1.2 cm. lata v. ad 5 cm. longaet ad 2 cm. lata) ; petioli brevissimi, 1-3 mm. longi, pilosuli, supra late sulcati. Amenta (tantum fructifera visa) pedunculo ad 1.5 em. longo folia circiter 4 normalia gerente piloso suffulta, 2.5-3 em. longa, valde deflorata circiter 0.6 mm. crassa, rhachi pilosa, densiflora. Flores inter fructus remanentes subsessiles; ovaria ovato-oblonga, glabra, stylo brevissimo, stigmatibus brevibus emarginatis coronata; glandula una, ovato-oblonga, bracteis obovato- oblongis brunnescentibus subglabris duplo brevior. Fructus oblongi, circiter 4 mm. longi. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, upland thickets, alt. 3300 m., October 1910 (No. 4354, type; bush 2-3.6 m.; with fruits; No. 4356; sterile); Mupin, alt. 1600-2000 m., June 1908, (No. 1402; bush 2.4-3.6 m.; with fruits). Mr. Wilson sent cuttings of both No. 4354 and 4356 to the Arnold Arboretum. Plants raised from these agree exactly; the twigs get black in drying, and the leaves, which do not differ from the larger ones in No. 4356 and measure up to 5 cm. in length and 1.8-2.5 em. in width, are nearly sessile. No. 1402 is a little more pubes- cent, but has the same kind of long buds. The leaves are nearly as narrow as those of the type specimen and measure up to 4 cm. in length and to 1.2 in width. In its leaves and buds the species looks very distinct, but is certainly nearly re- lated to S. cathayana Diels. The specific name is derived from paxpés, long, and BAacrós, bud. Salix driophila Schneider, n. sp. Frutex ramosus, 1.5-3 m. altus; ramuli novelli sericeo-villosuli v. tomentelli, biennes plus minusve glabrescentes, nigrescentes et cineras- centes, vetustiores glabri; gemmae, ut videtur, ovatae, adpressae, paullo pilosae, flavo-brunneae. Folia (nondum matura) ovata, ellip- tica v. obovato-oblonga, basi rotunda v. obtusa, apice obtusa et apicu- lata v. acuta, supra initio tomentella, mox costa excepta glabrescentia, Viridia, subtus cinerea v. subglaucescentia, initio densius sericea v. Sericeo-tomentosa, vix v. paulo glabrescentia (adulta ignota!), nervis utrinque paulo prominulis, margine integra, minora 2-2.5 em. longa, 1-1.5 em. lata, majora ad 4 em. longa et ad 2 em. lata v. ad 5 em. longa et ad 1.8 cm. lata; petioli 3-6 mm. longi, sericei v. tomentelli, superne sulcati. Amenta d et 9 pedunculis 1.5-2.5 cm. longis sericeo-villo- 60 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA sulis folia 3-4 normalia gerentibus suffulta, rhachi sericeo-villosa, 4-6 em. longa, 0.8(-0.9) em. crassa, densiflora; flores c? diandri, fila- mentis liberis fere ad medium villosis quam bracteae duplo longioribus, antheris flavis ovalibus; glandula una ventralis, oblonga, satis crassa, bracteis ovato-oblongis obtusis intus glabris extus (apice interdum excepta) sericeis flavo-brunneis subtriplo brevior; ovaria sericea, sessilia, juvenilia crasse ovata, dein ovato-oblonga, stylo satis brevi apice bifido stigmatibus breviter oblongis partitis divaricatis coronata; bracteae late ovato-rotundae, intus glabrae, extus sericeae et ciliatae, &d apicem glabrescentes, flavo-brunneae, ovariis initio vix duplo breviores; glandula una, bracteis subaequilonga, oblonga, crassa. Fructus ignoti. . Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, bush 1.5-2.4 m., alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No. 2150; co-type, c); Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., May 23, 1908 (No. 2123, type; bush 3 1n 9). The c? and 9 plants look very much alike, but the leaves of the males are a little more glabrescent, and the c' plant resembles somewhat S. dyscrita Schneider, but that species has a small dorsal and a ventral gland. The 9 specimens are not unlike S. plocotricha Schneider, which is much more glabrous and has longer petioles. The fruiting. state may be represented by No. 2129 from Ching-chi Hsien, thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m., June 1908, bush 3 m. The following differences may only be due to the difference in age between No. 2123 and 2129: folia majora, supra tenuiter sparse adpresse pilosa, costa puberula subtus cinerea, tota facie molliter sericeo-tomentella, nervis satis prominentibus circiter 3-4 pro 1 cm., minutissime reticulata, elliptica, utrinque obtusa v. apice subacuta, minora 2.2-4 cm. longa et 1.2-1.8 cm. lata, maxima ad 7 em. longa et ad 2.3 cm. lata. Amenta fructifera eodem modo pedunculata, 5.5-7.5 cm. longa et 1 em. crassa. Fructus stylo €x- cluso 4 mm. longa, ovata, apice angustata (flores inter fructus remanentes iis S. driophilae Schneider vix diversa). The specific name is derived from Opíos, thicket, and d:Aé@, I love. Salix amphibola Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1.5 m. altus; ramuli hornotini plus minusve sericeo-villosi, annotini subglabri purpurascentes, vetustiores cinerascentes. Folia ovato-elliptica v. late elliptica, basi obtusa v. rotunda, apice subro- tunda usque subacuta, supra intense viridia (initio ut videtur etiam facie laxe villosula), costa pilis fulvis et albis puberula excepta glabra, subtus cinerea, plus minusve sericea v. costa elevata flava excepta glabra, nervis circiter 2 pro 1 cm. prominulis, tenuissime v. vix reticu- lata, margine integra, minora 2.54 em. longa et 1.5-2 cm. lata, maxima ad 5 cm. longa et 3.3 cm. lata v. ad 5.5 cm. longa et 3 em. lata; petioli — (3-)5-11 mm. longi, villosuli. Amenta 9 pedunculo villosulo circiter SALICACEAE. — SALIX 61 em. longo folia 3-4 normalia gerente suffulta, 3.5 cm. longa et tantum 5 mm. crassa, densiflora, rhachi villosa; ovaria sessilia, ovato-elliptica, sericeo-villosa, sed ad apicem glabra, stylo brevi stigmatibus bilobis brevibus divaricatis coronata; glandula una ventralis, ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, ovario vix duplo brevior; bracteae late ovatae, obtusae, brunnescentes, utrinque glabrescentes, margine sericeae, ovario tertia parte breviores. Western Szech’uan: Chiu-ting-shan, thickets, alt. 2300 m., May 23, 1908 (No. 2124, type; 9). Iam very doubtful if this species belongs to the section Longiflorae. In the rather large leaves it resembles some forms of sect. Eriostachyae, but the catkins are exceedingly small and thin; and I suspect a hybrid origin between a species with glabrous and another with hairy ovaries. The specific name is derived from dudiBodos, doubtful. Salix heterochroma Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXI. Beibl. LIII. 56 (1896); XXXVI. Beibl. LX XXII. 30 (1905). Salix Henryi Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXV1. 530 (1899). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France LV1. 299 (1909). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1700-2000 m., May 1909 (No. 2119; bush or tree, 3-15 m. tall; ¢; No. 21195, à); same place, fall 1909 (No. 21195; sterile); same place, mountain thick- ets, alt. 2000-2300 m. (No. 1461; bush 1-1.8 m.; cultivated in Arnold Arboretum, sterile); Changyang Hsien, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 685; tree 3.5 m.; 9); Chienshi Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5843; fruiting co-type of S. heterochroma and S. Henryi); same place, A. Henry (No. 5349, type of S. Henryi; o). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, 4. Henry (No. 5671; fruiting type of S. heterochroma, co-type of S. Henryi); Tchen-keou-tin, P. Farges (ex Burkill. Western Sze- ch'uan: Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5794; with fruits). burgh, and von Seemen first believed that S. heterochroma might belong to sect. 62 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Tetraspermae. Burkill placed his S. Henryi in the sect. Hastatae, but so far as I can judge it belongs with two other species to a new section (see p. 121). The cat- kins of both the sexes are long-cylindrical. Salix microphyta Franchet in Now. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, X. 83 (Pl. David. II. 121) (1887). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXNI. 531 (1899). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 299 (1909). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, on rocks, alt. 2300-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 2141; bush 15-20 em.; 9 flowers and fruits); same place, alt. 3300 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped., No. 4513; 9); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, moist banks, alt. 2200-3700 m., June 1908 (No. ahs 2142; bush 15-20 cm.; 7; No. 2142°; with young fruits); Mupin, in humidis regionis altissimae,” June 1869, A. David (type, female, ex Franchet). Franchet’s description is rather incomplete, and it seems best to give here & fuller one: f Frutex minimus, trunco subterraneo radicante, ramulis gracilibus erectis fasti- giato-flabellatis, 10-30 em. altus; ramuli novelli villosuli, mox glabri, flavo-virides v. in sieco nigrescentes, vetustiores brunnescentes v. cinerascentes. Folia ovata, obovata, oblonga v. fere spathulata, basi subrotunda v. pleraque acuta, apice obtusa v. subito breviter acuta, utrinque glabra (v. interdum initio costa pilis paucis conspersa), viridia, saepe paulo nitentia, elevato-reticulata, textura papy- racea, margine crenato-glanduloso-denticulata v. serrata, minora 1-1.5 cm. longa et 0.8-1.3 cm. lata v. ad 1.5 cm. longa et 0.7 cm. lata, maxima 2-2.7 em. longa et 1.2-1.7 em. lata; petioli glabri v. sulco superne sparse pilosi, (3-)4-9 mm. longi. Amenta 9 et c' ramulos elongatos foliatos sparse villosos 3-5 cm. longos termi- nantia, subdensiflora, anguste cylindrica, 2-4 em. longa, florifera circiter 5 mm. crassa, fructifera vix longiora, sed crassiora, rhachi sparse villosula; flores d diandri, filamentis basi 14 villosulis bracteas duplo superantibus, antheris parvis - ovato-globosis rubescentibus; glandula una ventralis, lata, ovata, latere compressa, bracteis fere 3plo brevior; bracteae flavo-brunneae, obovatae, concavae, apice sub- truncatae, erosae, glabrae; ovaria sessilia v. subsessilia, ovato-oblonga, glabra, stylo triplo breviore integro v. apice bifido stigmatibus angustis bifidis coronata; glandula una ovato-oblonga, 14 ovarii aequans; bracteae ut in floribus masculis margine ciliatae, ovariis initio subaequilongae. Fructus maturi conici, 5 mm. longi, bracteis glandulisque brevioribus. 1 believe the species is best placed in sect. Myrsinites, see p. 138. Salix Souliei Seemen in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 23 (1906). Western Szech'uan: Tachien-lu, alt. 3600-4000 m., July 1908 (No. 2143; prostrate on rocks; 9); same locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4512; prostrate shrub); same locality, June and July 1894, Soulié (No. 2289, type; & ex von Seemen). Von i i ipti al iba leanai hane debate tine Frutex pygmaeus, trunco subterraneo, ramis procumbentibus radicantibus; ramuli prostrati, flavo-brunnei v. rubescentes, glabri v. sparse sericei. Folia parv SALICACEAE. — SALIX 63 firma, lanceolato-elliptica v. obovato-elliptica, basim versus angustata, acuta v. subobtusa, apice acuta v. subobtusa, supra laete virentia, sublucida, costa vix impressa saepe villosula, ceterum glabra (v. subglabra), fere enervia, subtus glauca v. albescentia, costa elevata et interdum etiam facie sparse villoso-sericea, ner- vis paulo prominulis vix reticulata, margine integra, 0.9-2 cm. longa, 0.3-1 em. lata; petioli 3-10 mm. longi, supra saepe sericeo-villosuli. Amenta 9 ramulos foliatos 0.5-1 em. longos terminantia, ovato-capitata, pluriflora, circiter 1 cm. longa, fructifera ad 1 cm. crassa, rhachi sparse villosa v. fere glabra; ovaria ob- longa, glabra, pedicellata, stylo distincto brevi bifido stigmatibus bipartitis brevibus coronata; glandula una ventralis, oblongo-rectangularis, satis crassa, saepe incisa v. partita, pedicello longior v. subbrevior, interdum glandula minima dorsalis adest; bracteae oblongae, obtusae, flavae, nervatae, pleraeque tantum breviter ciliatae, ceterum glabrae, 44 ovarii aequantes. Capsulae nondum ma- turae circiter 4 mm. longae, apice attenuatae. The typical S. Souliei Seemen seems to differ from Wilson's plant only in its shorter petioles (2 mm.) and in its somewhat smaller leaves (up to 1.2-0.6 cm.). See also S. brachista Schneider and S. Lindleyana Andersson. Burkill (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 531 [1899]) places Soulie’s No. 543 from Tachien-lu under S. oreophila Hooker f. This species however differs from our plant in the different serration and nervation of the smaller, narrower leaves; the glandular teeth are in- curved. Delavay’s specimens from Yunnan cited by Burkill, 1. c., under S. oreo- phila 1 have not seen. Salix opsimantha Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 1-3 m. altus, breviter ramosus; ramuli satis crassi, novelli in sicco nigrescentes, basi sericei v. glabri, vetustiores purpurascentes V. brunnescentes. Folia obovato-elliptica v. elliptica, apice obtusa v. subrotunda v. breviter acuta, basi obtusa v. rotunda, saepe angustata, supra intense viridia, costa puberula, ceterum glabra, nervis paulo v. vix prominulis, subtus opacav. glauca, initio ut videtur subsericea, mox glabra, laevia, sed reticulo nervorum visibili, margine plus minusve glanduloso-crenulata v. subintegra, minora 1.5-3 em. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, maxima ad 5 cm. longa et ad 2.7 cm. lata; petioli 3-12 mm. longa, superne pilosula. Amenta ramulos puberulos normaliter foliatos ter- minantia, cylindrica, densiflora, 7 3-3.5 em. longa, circiter 1 em. crassa, pedunculis circiter 1 em. longis, rhachi puberula, 9 usque 3 cm. pedun- culata, 4-7 cm. longa, fructifera circiter 1.3 crassa, rhachi fere glabra; flores 7 diandri, filamentis liberis 1⁄4 pilosis bracteis fere duplo longi- oribus, antheris ovalibus flavis; glandulae duae, ventralis late obovata, apice saepe crenulata, latere compressa, 14 bracteae aequans, dorsalis minor, similis v. bipartita v. lobulata; bracteae brunnes- centes, oblongae, satis angustae, apice obtusae, utrinque laxe pilosae ciliataeque; ovaria sessilia, glabra, ovato-oblonga, stylis distinctis apice bifidis, stigmatibus bifidis oblongis divaricatis; glandula uns ventralis, e basi latiore oblonga, obtusa, dimidium ovarii juvenilis 64 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA aequans; bracteae iis florum g similes, ovariis subaequilongae, gla- — briusculae. Fructus circiter 6 mm. longi, basi late ovati, apice subito attenuati, subsessiles, bracteis brevioribus. Western Szech’uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 3700 | m., July 1908 (No. 2139, type; 7; No. 21395; bush 1-3 m.; 9); without locality, alt. 3700-4000 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. Nos | . 4519, 45199; bush 1.2 m.; 9 flowers and fruits). This species seems to be nearly related to S. floccosa Burkill, of which I have not seen any material. According to Burkill’s description his species differs in having - somewhat longer and narrower leaves and slightly hairy ovaries. Both species need further investigation. The specific name is derived from éyipos, late, and dv6os, flower. Salix Wallichiana Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 477 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 50 (1860); in Svensk. | Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 80, tab. 5, fig. 46 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 223 (1868). — Brandis, Forest — Fl. Brit. Ind. 468, t. 61 (1874). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 028 — (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 478 (1902). Salix grisea Wallich, Cat. No. 3700 (nomen nudum) (1829). Saliz Wallichiana, var. grisea Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vl. 80 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 223 (1868). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 534 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 277 (1900). Salix Mairei Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov., XIII. 342 (1914). Salix Caprea Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (non Linnaeus) (1915). Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1000-2600 m., May 1907 (No. 2111; bush 3 m.; fruits; No. 2111*, g); north and south of Ichang, alt. 1000-2600 m., April 1907 (No. 2113, 9 ; bush or small tree 1.8-4.5 m. tall, abundant, No. 2113*, 7); same locality, — May 1907 (No. 21135; sterile); Changyang Hsien, woodlands, 1000-2600 — m., May 1907 (No. 2114; bush 2.4-3.6 m. tall; fruits); same locality, - April 1907 (No. 21145, 9 ; No. 21145, g); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, — alt. 1000-2600 m., April 1907 (No. 2115; bush 1.8-4.5 m. tall, 9; No. | 2115*, 7; No. 2115; with fruits); Fang Hsien, upland thickets, 1800- — 2800 m. (No. 4447; bush 1.8-2.4 m. tall; young plants in the Arnold | Arboretum; also from Nos. 4432 and 4436 from the same place, which — differ from 4447 in their leaves being quite glabrous sometimes); - without locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 13; 9); without lo- - cality, A. Henry (No. 1466, 7; Nos. 7653, 3399, 9); Kao-kien-scian," - alt. circiter 800 m., May-June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 299, 9). West- - ern Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2700 m., June 1908 (NO. - SALICACEAE. — SALIX 65 2148; bush 4.5 m. tall; fruits); Ching-chi Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600- 2700 m., May 1908 (No. 2128; bush 1.8-3.6 m. tall; 9); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, woodlands, alt. 2700-3100 m., October 1910 (No. 4353, tree 5-10 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8 m., sterile; a somewhat uncertain form); same locality (No. 4352; bush 2.4-4 m. tall; young plants in the Arboretum). Kwei-chou: “ Kouy-yang, mont du Col- lége," February and March 1898, E. Bodinier (Nos. 2070, 2102; ex Léveillé, sub S. Caprea). Yunnan: * vallée de Kiao-mé-ti, bords du torrent," alt. 3000 m., April 1913, E. E. Maire (small tree; type of S. Mairei Léveillé); * montagnes à Sen-tchai-tse," alt. 2800 m., April 1913, E. E. Maire (c). Whether the other specimens, cited by Burkill, 1. c., really belong to S. Walli- chiana or not, I cannot tell. Henry's No. 5296 (in Herb. Gray) from Hupeh, south of Patung, is a c? specimen, the flower of which seems to have only a single stamen with a hairy filament. Burkill mentions this number in part under S. longiflora Andersson (see p. 121). Henry’s specimen resembles S. gracilistyla Miquel, but the gland is short, rectangular or oval, somewhat like that of S. Wallichiana. Andersson describes the filaments as hairy, but I have found them always glabrous, as on Brandis’ plate (l. c.). The Chinese form seems to agree well with the Indian. I have seen the following specimens from India: Kashmir: “ reg. temp. alt. 7-8000 ped.," T. Thomson (with fruits); “ West- ern Thibet, reg. temp. 6-11000 ped." T. Thomson (with fruits). Kumaon: ‘Gagar pass, alt. 6000-6500 feet,” Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 3; with fruits; No. 5; @ and 9 flowers); “ Kalimat, 6400 feet," Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 11; 9). Eastern Afghanistan: Kurrum valley, 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 389); 9; without locality (No. 4501, Herb. Griffith). Gj Andersson distinguished 3 varieties of S. Wallichiana: 1. var. a. grisea, in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 80 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 223 (1868), the type of which was collected by Wallich sub No. 3700 in Nepal and Kumaon; 2. var. b. julacea, l. c. 81 (1867), 1. c. 224 (1868) (S. julacea Andersson in Svensk, Vetensk. Handl. 1850, 476 [1851]; in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 50 [1860]), of which the type was collected by Jacquemont, “in sylvis excelsis supra Hayderabad, alt. 2600-2700 m., May 3, 1831; 3. var. c. sericea, l. c. 81 (1867) et 1. c. 224 (1868), collected by Hooker f. & T. Thomson “ad Banahal, reg. temp. 6000-9000 ped. I have seen no specimen of this var. All these forms need a careful study. — In the type the leaves according to Andersson are “ juniora valde tenuia utrin- que pubescentia subtus cano-villosa, adulta glaberrima, nitentia, venis prominulis Striata, laete viridia, plana, rigida.” Of the cultivated plants from China in the Arboretum there seem to be two forms, one with rather dull green leaves which are softly pubescent beneath, and another with more shining leaves, which are — nearly or wholly glabrous beneath. IE : _ From S. Caprea Linnaeus and S. cinerea Linnaeus S. Wallichiana may be chiefly distinguished by its thinner, much less reticulate leaves, which are mostly ovate- oblong and more acuminate. The length of the pedicels seems rather variable; the style is usually very short. Salix dolia Schneider, n. sp. i. Frutex valde et breviter ramosus, 0.6-0.9 m. altus; ramuli novelli yil- losuli, annotini glabri v. subglabri, purpurascentes, vetustiores cine- 66 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA rascentes; gemmae crasse ovatae, obtusae, basi sericeae, purpureo- brunneae. Folia (nondum satis evoluta) lanceolata, oblanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, apice acuta v. subobtusa, basin versus pleraque attenuata, acuta, supra viridia, plus minusve v. tantum costa impressa puberula, nervis saepe paulo incisis, subtus ut videtur vix pallidiora, adpresse sericea, costa (et interdum etiam nervis) elevata, margine integra; petioli nondum satis evoluti, sericei. Amenta sessilia, basi tantum squamis parvis suffulta, ovato-cylindrica, densiflora, rhachi sericeo-villosa, 1-2 em. longa, 7 usque 1 cm. crassa, 9 paulo tenuiora, fructifera ignota; flores 7 diandri, filamentis liberis ad 14 pilosis, antheris ovalibus aurantiacis, glandula una ventrali oblonga obtusa l4 bracteae aequante; bracteae oblongae, subacutae v. obtusae, 4 filamentorum aequantes, fuscae, utrinque sericeae; flores 9 glandula una ventrali ut in flore masculo instructi; ovaria sessilia v. subsessilia, — breviter sericea, ovata, stylo satis longo (14 ovarii aequante) apice | bifido stigmatibus brevibus plus minusve partitis coronata; bracteae | ovatae, obtusae, 14 ovarii aequantes, glandulam duplo superantes, - utrinque sericeae. z Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, summit of Niu-tou- - shan, alt. 3300 m., June 20, 1908 (No. 2133, type; bush 0.6-0.9m. tall; 3 No. 2133?, g). In habit this species resembles some species of the sect. Longiflorae, but on ac- count of the short sessile catkins and the silky ovaries I have placed it in the sect. Argenieae. The style is rather long, but the stigmas are short. The specific name is derived from ddAcos, misleading. Salix Rehderiana Schneider, n. sp. Frutex elatus, 2-3.6 m. altus, v. arbor usque 9 m. alta, ramis elongatis, habitu ut videtur S. viminali non absimilis; ramuli novelli sparse villosuli v. glabri, fusco-brunnei (v. in plantis cultis olivacei), deinde cinereo-brunnei; gemmae ovato-oblongae, compressae, flaves- _ centes v. brunneae, petiolis breviores v. subaequilongae, v. floriferae majores, crassiores, ovatae, purpurascentes, interdum subpruinosae, glabrae v. sparse puberulae. Folia lanceolata (v. interdum infima — oblanceolata), basi obtusa v. interdum acuta, apice sensim breviter acuminata, supra intense viridia, juvenilia sparse breviter pilosa V. costa saepe impressa puberula excepta glabra, subtus albo-cinerea V. glauca, plus minusve modo S. viminalis sericea (v. in plantis cultis subglabra v. glabra), costa flava valde prominente, nervis promin et plus minusve reticulata, margine irregulariter glanduloso-crenulata, rarius subintegra, 5-11.5 em. longa, 1.2-2.5 cm. lata; petioli 2-8 mm. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 67 longi, supra canaliculati et plerique puberuli. Amenta (plantae cultae) praecocia v. subpraecocia, sessilia v. basi foliolis parvis 2-3 lanceo- latis subtus sericeis integris suffulta, cylindrica, densiflora, rhachi sericeo-villosa, 7 ad 2.5 longa et ad 1 em. crassa, 9 2-3 em. longa, circiter 0.8 cm. crassa, fructifera ignota; flores ¢ glandula una ventrali oblonga angusta obtusa bracteis circiter 14 aequante, filamentis glabris v. basi pilosis liberis v. interdum basi connatis, antheris ovali- bus initio purpureis deinde flavis; bracteae oblongae, obtusae, brun- nescentes, utrinque sparse sericeo-villosae; ovaria subsessilia, glabra (v. sparse sericeo-villosula) ovato-oblonga, glandula una ut in flore c', stylo distincto (ovarium juvenilem aequante) duplo breviore apice interdum bifido, stigmatibus brevibus emarginatis coronata; bracteae lis floris 7 similes v. obovato-oblongae, pleraeque longius densiusque sericeae, 34 ovarii aequantes. Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2000 m., November 1908 (No. 1403, co-type; bush 2-3 m. tall; sterile and specimens from euttings cultivated under the same number in the Arnold Ar- boretum, coll. April 24, 1912, type, 9 , and April 13, 1910, co-type, 9); west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, alt. 1600-2000 m., side of streams, November 1909 (No. 1421; bush 2-3.6 m. tall; sterile; 7 specimens from euttings cultivated under the same number in the Arnold Arbore- tum, coll. April 1910, flowers apparently touched by frost, bracts short, roundish); Mupin, thickets in river-bottoms, alt. 2000-2500 m., October 1910 (No. 4364; tree 6-9 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8 m.; sterile); same place (No. 4368; tree 5-8 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.; living plants in Arboretum); west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, woodlands, alt. 2600-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4357; bush or small tree, 4.5-9 m. tall; sterile); Wa-shan (No. 1424; living plants from cuttings, 7 and 9 , in the Arnold Arboretum). The type of this species differs from the other species of this section by its mostly glabrous ovaries. No. 2125 from Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908, bush 2.4 m. tall, with glabrous fruits and not yet fully developed leaves is certainly very near this species. It differs, as far as I can see, only in the oval bracts which are often denticulate at the apex, in the often deeply cleft styles and in the sessile fruits. The leaves are up to 5.5 cm. long and to 2 cm. broad and are not different from those of the type. The name is given in compliment to Mr. Alfred Rehder. Salix Rehderiana, var. brevisericea Schneider, n. var. — ? Frutex 1.5-3 m. altus; ramuli novelli sericeo-villosi, annotini glabri, fusci, dein brunneo-cinerei. Folia juvenilia lanceolata, oblanceolata v. 68 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA ovato-lanceolata, utrinque acuta, initio subtus intensius sericea v. sericeo-villosula (supra interdum pilis brunneis mixtis), dein glabrescen- tia, subtus paulo pallidiora, integra, ad 4 cm. longa et ad 1.4 em. lata, nondum distincte nervosa, breviter petiolata, petiolis villosulis. Amenta 9 subsessilia, basi foliolis parvis lanceolatis subtus sericeis suffulta, 3-5 em. longa, circiter 1-1.2 em. crassa, densa, rhachi villosa; ovaria sessilia v. subsessilia, laxe breviter sericea v. subglabra, cireiter 3 mm. longa, ovato-oblonga, in stylum longum ovarii 14-24 aequan- tem apice subbifidum attenuata, stigmatibus brevibus subbifidis sub- divaricatis; glandula una ventralis, late ovato-oblonga, obtusa, % bracteae aequans; bracteae ovato-acutae, fuscae, utrinque sericeae, ovario subaequilongae. Western Szech'uan: Ching-chi Hsien, Ta-hsiang-ling, alt. 2300- 3000 m., May 1908 (No. 1429, type; bush 1.5-3 m. tall; with young fruits). This variety, which needs further investigation, seems to differ from the type principally in its more acute bracts and in its short silky pubescent young fruits. There may be some relationship between it and S. myrtillacea Andersson (see p. 7i). Salix hylonoma Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 3-5 v. arbor parva ad 6 m. alta; ramuli etiam novelli parce pilosi, mox glaberrimi, in sicco fusci, vetustiores rubro-brunnei. Folia ovata, ovato-elliptiea v. ovato-lanceolata, rarius obovato-elliptiea et — subcordata, basi rotunda v. obtusa, saepe paulo obliqua, apice subito v. sensim acuminata, supra saturate viridia, initio tantum sparse sericeo-villosula, dein glabra, interdum costa paulo impressa pilis sparsis praedita, indistincte reticulata, subtus albo-cinerea v. cerea, laevia, novella plus minusve dense sericea, micantia, adultiora tan- tum versus basim ad costam subsericea, tenuissime nervata, mar- . gine distanter et tenuiter glanduloso-serrata v. subintegra, minora latiora obtusiora 2.5-5.5 em. longa et 1.5-2.3 cm. lata, majora angustiora acutiora 6-8.5 em. longa et 2-3 cm. lata; petioli satis - graciles, subpilosi, 3-6 mm. longi. Amenta coetanea, brevipeduncu- lata, pedunculo 5-13 mm. longo foliis 2-3 parvis saepissime deinde caducis instructo, rhachi villosa, anguste cylindrica, densa v. subdensi- flora, # circiter 3 em. longa, vix 6 mm. crassa, 9 5-7 em. longa, cir- citer 7 mm. crassa, fructifera ad 8 em. longa, vix 1 em. crassa; flores g staminibus 2 instructa, filamentis basi villoso plus minusve coalitis v. tantum stamen unicum adest; antheris ovalibus flavis; glandula satis longa, angusta, sublinearis, bracteas obovatas apice rotundas brun- SALICACEAE. — SALIX 69 nescentes utrinque longe sericeas 14 superans; ovaria sessilia, breviter sericea, crasse ovata, stylo breviter subbifido divaricato stigmatibus oblongis brevibus bifidis coronata; glandula ut in flore , bracteis iis floris à similibus aequilonga, medium ovarii subaequans. Fructus brevissime pedicellati, sparse sericei, circiter 3 mm. longi. Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No. 2138, type; bush 3-5.4 m. tall; 9; No. 2138*, 9); Mupin, woodlands, alt. 2300-3300 m., June 1908 (No. 2144; bush or small tree, 4.5-6 m. tall; o flowers and fruits). At the first sight this species is not unlike S. heterochroma Seemen in the shape of the leaves and of the catkins. But S. hylonoma may be easily distinguished from it by its serrate leaves, which are smooth and somewhat waxy, not reticulate be- neath, and by the long narrow gland of the flowers. See also S. isochroma Schneider (p. 122), which differs in the greenish and reticulate under surface of the leaves. A specimen from Hupeh (Henry's No. 5296) was referred by Burkill to S. longiflora (see my remarks under S. Wallichiana Andersson, p. 65), but it seems to have only asinglestamen. The nearly sessile silky catkins are 2.5 long and 1 cm. thick, and are not unlike those of S. Wallichiana and of S. heterochroma. The bracts are narrow and acute, somewhat like those of S. gracilistyla Miquel. The gland is short (L4 the length of the bracts), rather broad and rectangular. I have seen no other specimen from central China which I could place with Henry's number. If the presence of only one stamen is a normal condition this number Inay represent an undescribed species of this section. The specific name is derived from éAovdpos, living in woods. Salix cheilophila Schneider, n. sp. Frutex elatus, 3-5.4 m. altus, ramis elongatis; ramuli novelli ad- Presse sericei, dein glabri, purpurascentes; gemmae acutae, sericeo- villosae, petiolis 144-14 longiores. Folia linearia v. lineari-oblanceolata, basi acuta, rarius subobtusa, apice acuta v. breviter acuminata mu- cronata, supra initio adpresse sericeo-villosa, dein glabriuscula, sor- dide viridescentia, costa elevata nervis subprominulis, subtus distine- tius sericea, cinerea, costa flava elevata, nervis angulo acuto a costa &d apicem divergentibus prominulis, interdum tenuiter reticulata, margine saepe revoluta, ad apicem distinctius glanduloso-serrata, basin versus subintegra, 1.5-5 em. longa, 3-7 mm. lata; petioli 1-3 mm. longi, sericeo-villosi. Amenta coetanea, rhachi villosa, # pedun- culis foliiferis ad 1 em. longis suffulta, gracillima, densiflora, 1.5-2.3 cm. longa, 3-4 mm. crassa; fructifera pedunculis vix ad 5 mm. longis foliis parvis 3-4 praeditis suffulta, vix 1.5 cm. longa, 1 em. crassa, densa; flores g glandula una ventrali oblonga angusta interdum apice bifida bracteis subduplo breviore, filamentis usque ad apicem coalitis glabris, antheris 2 liberis subglobosis aurantiacis; bracteae 70 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA obovato-oblongae, apice obtusae v. leviter emarginatae, versus apicem saepissime rubescentes v. fuscae, glabrae, basin versus sericeae; ovaria florum inter fructus remanentium sessilia, dense breviter sericea, ovata v. ovato-oblonga, stylo nullo v. brevissimo purpureo, stigmatibus - minimis; glandula ut in flore g; bracteae iis floris c similes, apice saepe truncatae, ovariis 44-24 breviores. Fructus circiter 3 mm. longi, subacuti. Western Szech’uan: near Monkong Ting, alt. 2600-3000 m., side of river, June 29, 1908 (No. 2146, type; bush 3-4.5 m. tall; 9; No. 2146*, 9); round Sungpan Ting, bed and banks of Min River, alt. 2300-3200 m., August 1910 (No. 4576; bush 3-5 m. tall; sterile). At first sight this species much resembles S. Wilhelmsiana M. von Bieberstein (see p. 169), but so far as I can judge from the material before me it differs from that species chiefly in the very small stigmas and in the mostly two-colored bracts. — The very thin c^ catkins are borne on rather long peduncles, and the fruiting aments are very short. The value of the color of the bracts needs further in- - $ vestigation, because they are partly of one color in Wilson’s specimen. i| Withelmsiana, S. microstachya "Turezaninow and their relatives seem to form a rather distinct group of the sect. Purpureae, but all the species are very nearly related, and there may occur forms like S. cheilophila, which seem to conneet these species with S. purpurea Linnaeus and its allies. The specific name is derived from xeXos, bank of a river, and $iAéo, I love. Salix variegata Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, X. 82- (Pl. David. II. 120) (1887). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXVI. 534 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 278 (1900). — Léveillé, in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 301 (1909). Saliz densifoliata Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXI. Beibl. LIII. 57 (1896), XIX. 278 (1900). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 289 (1909). Western Hupeh: Ichang gorge, alt. 30-300 m., rocks, December 1907 (No. 2120; bush 0.3-0.9 m. tall; ; No. 2120°; c); same place, A. Henry (No. 7175; g; type of S. densifoliata, ex von Seemen; the spe cimen ex Herb. Gray is a fruiting one); Ichang and Nanto, A. H enry (No. 48; 2; Nos. 3974, 7182; 9 ; also Nos. 46 and 957, ex Burkill); Mitan Gorge, October, G. Niederlein (No. 98, ex von Seemen). East- ern Szech’uan: "in valle fluminis Yang-tze kiang ad rupes im- mersas" (between Ichang and the end of the gorges), December 1868, A. David (type, ¢ and fruiting, ex Franchet). A comparison of the original descriptions of Franchet and von Seemen leaves little ~~ that the two species are the same. Even the “ ramulos saepius elongates. of the 9 catkins measure only up to 1.5 cm. according to Franchet, while 10 Henry's No. 7175 several peduncles are 2 em. long. The bracts of the 9 flowers are described as “ lanceolatae acutiusculae” by Franchet. The arrangement of SALICACEAE. — SALIX 71 the @ catkins in S. densifoliata Seemen is precisely the same as described by Franchet. See the keys on p. 79 and p. 90. This pretty low-growing and creeping Willow is abundant on the rocks and on the sandy foreshores of the Yangtsze River from Ichang westward through the gorges for some 300 miles, but searcely reaches Chungking. During the summer floods this plant is submerged for weeks together, but in the winter it is very con- Spieuous with its vivid green leaves, the plants forming broad mats of verdure. The flowers open in December and January and are borne at the ends of the pre- vious season's branchlets as is usual in most species of Willow, whereas in SS. Bockii Seemen, which in herbaria looks similar, the flowers are borne on the shoots of the current season and while these shoots are still growing. E. H. W. Salix Bockii Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 278, t. 3, fig. a-M (1900).—Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 297 (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 477 (1914). Western Szech’uan: near Wa-shan, side of streams, common, alt. 600-1500 m., July 1908 (No. 1414; bush 0.9-1.5 m. tall; flowers white, conspicuous; à and 9); Yachou Fu, side of streams, abundant, alt. 600-1500 m., August 1908 (No. 1414; 9 flowers and fruits); Mupin, alt. 2600 m., September and October 1910 (No. 4369; € flowers and fruits); generally shingly beds of streams, alt. 1000-3000 m., Sep- tember 1910 (No. 4351; bush 0.9-3 m. tall; 7); banks of Yangtsze River, June 1903 (Veiteh Exped. No. 4510; bush 0.3-0.6 m. tall; c and 9). Eastern Szech’uan: Chungking, E. Faber (No. 3; small shrub; 3); Mt. Omei, 1600 ft., E. Faber (No. 74; 9); Kiating Fu, E. Faber (No. 211; g). Southeastern Szech'uan: Nan- ch'uan, A. v. Rosthorn (No. 1509, type; 9). In western Szech'uan at altitudes between 300 and 3000 m. this Willow is abun- dant on the sandy foreshores and in the gravelly and stony beds of rivers and mountain-torrents. It also occurs sparingly on the banks of the Yangtsze River west of Chungking and near Sui Fu and on the lower reaches of the Min River in the neighborhood of Kiating Fu. It grows from 1 to 3 m. tall and often covers large areas. The leaves are gray-green and in late summer and autumn it is a decidedly ornamental flowering shrub. The catkins are freely borne on the current season's and actively growing shoots, and in this character this Willow is unique among the Chinese species. E. H. W. Salix myrtillacea Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 51 (1860). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 637 (1888). Saliz subpyenostachya Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 532 (1899).— Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 301 (1909). Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, alt. 3300-3600 m., June 1908 (No. 2161; bush 0.6-1.2 m. tall; with young fruits); Tachien-lu, alt. 3000-4300 m., E. Pratt (No. 835, type of S. 42 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA subpycnostachya, 9; and No. 751, ex Burkill); valley of Jerikhou, J.A. Soulié (No. 509, ex Burkill). Sikkim: Lachen, “alt. 12000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (type of S. myrtillacea; with fruits). There is no marked difference between Pratt’s No. 835 and Wilson's No. 2161. — Both closely resemble the co-type in Herb. Gray of Andersson's S. myrtillacea; — the descriptions, too, of both authors agree very well. The ovaries are very short- stalked or subsessile in all the three specimens before me, the pedicels being about half as long as the gland. The styles are more or less elongated and are as long or longer than the oblong stigmas. The bracts are acutish, more or less silky, and often glabrous at the apex on the outside. The leaves are glabrous or very soon become glabrous and are oblanceolate or elliptical, mostly acutish at the ends and entire. I have not seen mature leaves; in Andersson's type they measure up to 3 em. in length and 1.5 in width, the petioles being very short (1-2 mm.). The flat appressed acutish leaf-buds are alike in both the types; the purplish-black color of the somewhat pruinose branchlets is the same in all the specimens. Salix allochroa Schneider, n. sp. a Frutex 1.2-3 m. altus; ramuli satis crassi, novelli tantum basi seri- cei, in sicco fusco-nigri, biennes rubro-brunnei, glabri, deinde cinereo- fusci; gemmae ovato-oblongae, obtusae, subdivaricatae, circiter 8 mm. longae, ramulis concolores. Folia satis crassa, late elliptiea v. obo- vato-elliptica, basi subrotunda usque subacuta, apice rotunda V. obtusa, supra saturate sed sordide viridia, glabra, distincte subinciso- reticulata (iis S.reticulatae haud absimilia), subtus tantum novella seri- cea, mox glabra, cinerea, nervis lateralibus pro 1 em. 2, angulo satis lato a costa exeuntibus sed satis subito apicem versus divergentibus, distincte elevato-reticulata, margine brevissime glanduloso-serrulata v. subintegra, minora saepe subrotunda 3-6 em. longa, 2.5—4 cm. lata, ma- jora usque 8 em. longa et 4 em. lata; petioli satis longi, glanduliferi (glandulis 2-4 conspersis), subrotunda, mox glabra, 1-1.5 em. longa. Amenta (fructifera tantum visa) ramulis folia 3-4 normalia gerentibus subglabris 2-3 em. longis suffulta, longa, densa, cylindrica, 9-11 cm. longa, circiter 1.3 em. crassa, rhachi villosula; flores (inter fructus re- manentes) subsessiles; ovaria villosa, ovata, stylo mediocri ad basim - fisso divarieato stigmatibus oblongis bifidis divaricatis coronata; - glandula una ventralis, latior quam alta, obtusa, subamplectens, apice interdum pilosa, pedicello brevissimi subaequilonga; bracteae ovatae, obtusae, 14 ovarii aequantes, brunneae, extus sparse villosae, V. ad apicem glabrae, intus tantum basi pilosae. Fructus villosi, rubescentes, ovato-oblongi, circiter 5 mm. longae. Western Szech’uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2300-2600 m., June 1908 (No. 1410, type; bush 1.2-3 m. tall; with fruits). y SALICACEAE. — SALIX te. In the large leaves, the long aments on long leafy peduncles and in the distinct deeply cleft styles this species resembles some forms of sect. Psilostigmatae, but it differs from them in the reticulation of both the surfaces of the leaves. As long as the # plant is unknown, it seems difficult to determine the systematic = of S. allochroa. In S. moupinensis Franchet we find similar glands on the petioles. The specific name is derived from dA\éypoos, strange-looking. Salix etosia Schneider, n. sp. Frutex 0.9-1.2 m. altus, ramulis ut videtur virgatis; ramuli floriferi satis crassi, sericeo-tomentelli, grisei. Folia nondum visa. Amenta 9 praecocia (v. coetanea?) pedunculos 8-10 mm. longos sericeo-villosos foliolis 3-4 parvis angusto-ellipticis integris basi obtusis apice acutis supra glabris subtus sericeis pallidioribus 10-13 mm. longis instructos terminantia, cylindrica, subdensiflora, saepe curvata, rhachi laxe seri- ceo-villosa, 5-8 em. longa, circiter 1 cm. crassa; ovaria e basi ovata oblonga, glabra, pedicello glabro quam glandula una ventrali lineari- oblonga duplo breviore suffulta, stylo pedicellum subaequante v. paulo longiore stigmatibus parvis oblongis subbifidis 14-2 styli ae- quantibus eoronata; bracteae ovato-obtusae, flavo-brunneae, 14 ovarii aequantes, glandulam fere duplo superantes, sparse longo-sericeae v. extus glabriuseulae. Fructus maturi non vidi. : Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, alt. 1300-2000 m., side of streams, May 1907 (No. 2112, type; bush 0.9-1.2 m. tall; 9). There are only flowering branchlets without leaves. The catkins look very much like those of S. Wallichiana Andersson with which they were partly mixed, but the flowers are totally different and resemble those of S. japonica Thunberg, Which, however, has a different short gland and does not occur in China. The . flowers also are not unlike those of S. Fargesii Franchet, which is a Hupeh plant but differs considerably in its glabrous branchlets and in the large leaves at the base of the catkins. The specific name is derived from roos, useless. CONSPECTUS ANALYTICUS SALICUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS HIMALAYAEQUE. I. CLAVIS SPECIERUM SECUNDUM SPECIMINA MASCULA. (Specimina feminea, see p. 83.) A. Flores glandulis duobus (ventrali et dorsali !) instructi (B, see p. 78). a. Stamina 3 v. plura (b, see p. 75). Amenta (peduneulo excluso) valde elongata, gracilia, cylindrica, pleraque (7-)8-10 em. longa. Folia adulta ramulorum floriferorum ovato-lanceolata v. late lan- ceolata, plus minusve longe acuminata v. caudata, majora 8-15 em. longa (pe- * Glandula ventralis inter florem et rhachim sita, nunquam deest. Confer p. 94. 74 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA tiolis exclusis), nervis secundariis utraque facie distincte prominulis (confer etiam 20. S. Urbanianam). Stamina 8-9 Stamina 3-6. Stamina 5-6 (ovaria floris 9 glabra) (confer etiam 13. S. Kusanoi). 4. S. araeostachya. Stamina 3-4 (ovaria floris 9 tomentella) ....... 6. S. ichnostachya. Amenta (pedunculo excluso) vix ad 7 em. longa, v. foliorum forma diversa. i * Folia matura late-ovata v. elliptica, 114-2)4plo longiora quam lata v. ellip- tico-lanceolata, basi saepe subcordata et petiolis 1.3-2.5 cm. longis in- structa, utraque facie plus minusve distincte nervosa v. reticulata. Brac- teae apice subrotundae v. fere truncatae. t Folia glabra, etiam juvenilia tantum sparse sericeo-pilosiuseula, subtus concoloria v. pallidiora, vix distincte glaucescentia, saepe tantum ye 2plo longiora quam lata. i Folia 3-9 em. longa, apice breviter acuminata. Stamina 5(-7), (ovaria glabra satis breviter pedicellata) . ........ 21. 8; cardiophylla. Folia pleraque longiora, ad 12 cm. longa, apice acuminato-cuspidata. Stamina 6-10. : Ovaria floris 9 glaberrima, satis longe pedicellata . . . . 3. S. Mesnyt. Ovaria floris 9 tomentella, subsessilia . . . . . .. 23. S. populifolia. tt Folia juvenilia subtus distincte tomentella, deinde glabra, glaucescentia, pleraque 2-2}4plo longiora quam lata. Amenta 5-7 em. (pedunc. exeluso) longa et circiter 1-1.2 cm. crassa; stamina 5 (ovaria tomentella, sessilia). 20. S. Urbaniana. ** Folia matura lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, (3-)314-5plo longiora quam lata, basi nunquam subcordata (sed in 7. S. tonkinensi aurita). 7 1 Folia late lanceolata, apice longe acuminata, basi saepe rotundata, nervis utrinque satis prominentibus. Stamina 4-6. Folia basi aurita. Bracteae stamina involucrantes (flores € glandula una ventrali instructa) Ese (o S us se ee ee T. S. tonkinensts- Folia basi non aurita. Bracteae staminibus breviores. (Flores 9 glandulis 2 instructi) Mua eee WU E ‘ SC .13. S. Kusano. tralem; stamina (3-)4-12. || Folia late-lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, haud apice longe-acuminata, margine anguste distincteque glanduloso-serrata. Stamina pleraque (5—)6—12; inflorescentiae plus minusve densiflorae, ad 1.5 em. crassae. Amenta pleraque tantum 3-4 em. (pedunculo saepe longo excluso) longa, stamina 5-12 (stylus floris 9 distinctus). 15. S. pentandra. Amenta pleraque 5-7 em. longa (pedunculo excluso), stamina 5-9(- 12), (stigmata floris 9 sessilia v. subsessilia). ; Glandulae quasi discum 6-lobatum formantes; stamina 8-12 (ovaria floris 9 satis longe pedicellata; glandulae in flore 9 ut videtur 2) (confer etiam S. anisandram, p. 102) . . . . 18. S. Cavaleriet. Glandula dorsalis et ventralis separata, tantum interdum lobulata; stamina 5-7 (ovaria florum 9 subsessilia; glandulam dorsalem WOU Vidi uox o eae See ec wr 10, 2 para) SALICACEAE. — SALIX 75 Stamina tantum 3-5; inflorescentiae satis laxiflorae, circiter 0.8 em. crassae. Petioli plerique glandulosi . . ........ 11. S. glandulosa, Petioli eglandulosi (confer etiam 17. S. dodecandram). 10. S. Wilsonii. ||| Folia anguste-lanceolata, apice acuminata, margine subintegra v. vix anguste serrata. Folia vix supra 4.5 cm. longa. Bracteae latae, stamina circiter 5 quasi involicrantés . 5. 27. 0 9 0 0, 0 DM 19. S. macrolepis. Folia pleraque 5-6-12 cm. longa. Bracteae staminibus 6-8 breviores. 24. S. dealbata. ii Glandula ventralis quam dorsalem crassior v. major; stamina 3. Folia lanceolata v. ovato-lanceolata, distincte serrata, subtus distincte pallida. 25. S. amygdalina, var. nipponica. b. Stamina tantum 2. RE lanceolata v. ovato-lanceolata, apice plus minusve acuminata, (5-)6-15 cm. onga. * Amenta (pedunculis exclusis) satis parva v. vix plus quam 5(-6) em. longa. f Folia (et ramuli) tantum initio plus minusve sericeo-pubescentia, deinde valde glabrescentia, v. semper glabra (in formis diversis 35. S. albae folia adulta sericea, sed ovaria glabra et bracteae deciduae sunt). Amenta, brevia pleraque 1.5-2.5 em. longa, 4-6 mm. crassa. Folia anguste lanceolata (majora circiter ad 12 em. longa et 1-1.6 cm. lata), tantum juvenilia parce sericeo-pilosa (ovaria florum 9 glaberrima). Ramuli olivacei v. flavi. Bracteae late ovatae, obtusae. 26. S. Matsudana. Ramuli plus minusve brunnei v. rubescentes. Bracteae oblongae, sub- ücuiüe . 5... 00 DAL D ICM T IU LA 34. S. babylonica. 16:4 om. magna. : , o. n ME a SUUS 25. S. fragilis. Ovaria tota v. ad medium sericeo-pubescentia, sessilia, stylo satis longo instructa. Folia initio sericeo-pilosa, minora. ? 28. S. eriocarpa. Flores 9 glandula una ventrali praediti. ; Ovaria plus minusve sericea v. tomentella, sessilia. Styli ovariorum brevissimi. Bracteae ellipticae, apice rotundatae v. sul 31. S. jessoensis. à Bracteae ovato-oblongae, subacutae . . . . 32. S.lasiogyne. tyli ovariorum distincti. : i Ramuli hornotini velutino-tomentosi. Folia lanceolata, acumi- nata, rarius anguste oblonga, acuta. Bracteae late ellipticae, nées cut ceteri 29. S. hondoensis. Ramuli hornotini glabri. Folia lanceolata, utrinque attenuata. Bracteae ovatae, obtusae . . . +--+ +> 33. S. koreensis. 76 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Ovaria glaberrima, brevipedicellata. Folia etiam adulta subtus plus minus y. utrinque sericea. 2... . . . 7. ata 35. S. alba. Folia integra v. vix et indistinete denticulata; ovaria sericeo-tomentella, sessilia, stylis brevibus instructa. . . . . . . .- 36. S. sericocarpa, tt Folia (et ramuli annotini) etiam adulta subtus intense sericea, micantia. Amenta gracilia, densa sed satis tenuia, circiter 5 mm. crassa. 55. S. psilostigma. ee (pedunculis exclusis) longissima, densa 4-8 mm. crassa (7-)8-11 cm. onga. Folia integerrima, maxima ad 12 em. longa et 3 cm. lata, etiam adulta subtus dense sericea, micantia, nervis invisibilibus, apice sensim acuminato- Bhüdhia |. | 55. 0-0 x A so eV NUT T 54. S. phaidima. Folia irregulariter crenulata, perlonga, maxima ad 22:6 cm. magna, apicesensim breviter acuminata, subtus initio villoso-tomentella, deinde plus minusve glabrescentia, albescentia, rete nervorum distincte elevato . 53. S. phanera. Folia elliptica v. ovata, apice obtusa, v. parva et vix ad 4-5 cm. longa. . * Folia majora, plus minusve elliptica, 8-20 em. longa et semper 3-12 em. lata (con- fer etiam 52. S. Daltonianam). Amenta (pedunculis exclusis) (8-)9-12 em. longa, circiter 11-15 mm. crassa. Folia permagna, ad 20 cm. longa et 12 cm. lata, utrinque obtusa v. rotundata, apice apiculata, basi interdum subcordata, glabra, nervis secundariis inter 8e valde distantia, margime integra . . . . . . . . . . . 40. S. magnifica. Amenta (pedunculis exclusis) brevia, vix 8 cm. longa. Folia minora v. utrinque acuta v. dentata, nervis secundariis angustioribus, numerosioribus, dis- tinetius a costa fere ad marginem percurrentibus. Inflorescentiae (bracteaeque) sparse v. vix pilosae, gracillimae, vix 8 mm. crassae. Folia ovata, acuta v. elliptica utrinque acuta, adulta subtus flavo-viridia, tantum ad costam tenuiter (v. etiam paulo ad nervos) seni- cea, margine anguste distineteque glanduloso-serrata, circiter ad 13 : 5.5 OM MARR s us DUCUM QNS . . 44. S. moupinensts. Inflorescentiae bracteaeque distinctius pilosae v. sericeae, pleraeque crassi- ores v. folia subtus pallida, v. margine integra. Filamentastaminum subglabra v. vix ad medium pilosa; bracteae oblongae. Folia fere semper satis distincte serrulata, apice acuta (ovaria floris 9 gplabr) o eh ed LA DX. 45. S. Fargesit. Filamenta staminum distincte 14-44 pilosa; bracteae late ovatae v. obo- vatae. Folia integra v. ex parte indistincte denticulata, v. apice obtusa (ovaria florum 9 puberula) (confer etiam 48. S. plocotricham). i MESE : 46. S. Ernesti. Folia minora, vix plus quam 7(-8) em. longa, v. parva. t Folia maxima circiter 2-8 em. longa, elliptica, ovata v. obovata. Frutices erectae v. in 104. S. anglorum et 106. S. altaica saepe prostratae. (Confer etiam 80. S. formosam et 82. S. kolymensem). 1 Folia margine graciliter denticulata, interdum subintegerrima (confer etiam 65. S. fruticulosam et 126. S. floccosam). || Folia juniora subtus dense sericea, etiam adulta plus minusve sericeo-pilos®- Bracteae apice rotundo v. truncato, plus minusve denticulatae. Folia elliptica, v. lanceolato-elliptica, apice acuta, majora ad 6-8 cm. longa et 2-2.8 cm. lata, subtus, praecipue juniora, ferrugineo-serice Bracteae oblongae, apice truncatae. Frutex altus v. arbuscula. 52. S. Daltoniana- Folia oblanceolata, vix ad 2.5(-3) em. longa et 6-10 mm. supra medium SALICACEAE. — SALIX 7 lata, subtus albo-sericea et glauca. Bracteae ovato-rotundatae. Frutex parvus. c-i. 35. v1 LC ARCA 56. S. Thomsoniana. |||] Folia etiam juvenilia vix v. parce pilosa, adulta glabra, subtus glauca. Bracteae apice obtusae, raro emarginatae (confer etiam 180. S. algis- tam). Folia obovata, supra medium latissima, basi pleraque acuta, apice ob- tusa, saepe apiculata, ad 5:2.5 cm. magna . . 125. S. opsimantha. Folia elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, raro obovato-elliptica, apice acuta v. subacuta. Amenta brevia, pedunculo excluso vix 1 em. longa; glandulae ventralis dorsalis floris @ (et 9) pseudodiscum pluripartitum formantes. Folia adulta ignota. .— 4. 44 39. S. atopantha. Amenta longiora; glandulae floris c&' duae, separatae (in flore 9 tantum ventralis adest). Folia adulta ad 5.5 : 2 cm. magna. 58. SS. denticulata. tt Folia margine integra (in 65. S. fruticulosa et in 126. S. floccosa interdum ex parte dentata). Frutices erecti. Amenta c? subsessilia v. pedunculi foliis quam alia plus minusve minoribus praediti. Folia obovato-oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga, ad 7 : 2.8 cm. magna, juniora dense longe sericea, micantia. Ovaria florum 9.sessllia —. . 4.05.5 s. e 126. S. floccosa. Ovaria breviter sed distincte pedicellata. . . . . . 124. S. glauca. Folia valde minora v. anguste elliptico-lanceolata, etiam juniora sub- glabra v. sericeo-tomentella. Inflorescentiae c" (et 9) elongatae, cylindricae, pedunculo excluso 3-5 em. longae. Bracteae obovato-rotundae v. late ovatae obtusae. Filamenta basi distincte pilosa . . . . . . .. 59. S. dissa. 60. S. dyscrita. Filamenta glabra... 4 1579 a 63. S. Camusii, Bracteae oblongae, obtusae; filamenta basi sparse pilosa. 62. S. erioclada. Inflorescentiae breves, pedunculo excluso usque 2.5 cm. longae, v. subsessiles, 1-2 cm. longae. ae Amenta subsessilia, brevia; ramuli hornotini et saepe annotini plus Š minusve pubescentes. i glab ee racteae apice denticulatae, plus minusve rae, an ae apice dent; ,p 65. S. fruti videtur violaceae. . . . . . -e so + 65. > Bracteae apice integrae, extus plus minusve pubescentes; an- therae flavae. . .87. S. sclerophylla. Folia juniora utraque facie villosula . Folia juniora ad costam tantum tomentella . 64. S. luctuosa. Amenta pedunculata; ramuli glaberrimi . . . 61. S. Biondiana. Frutices plus minusve procumbentes. Amenta g in apice ramulorum bre- vium folia normalia gerentium provenientia. Folia integerrima. Folia obovata v. elliptico-rotunda, basi obtusa v. breviter cuneata, subtus plus minusve sericeo-villosa, distinctius reticulata, glauca (confer etiam 117. S. reticulatam) . - . - : * + 103. S. arctica. Folia obovato-oblonga v. elliptico-obovata, basi sensim in petiolum at- tenuata, subtus subglabra, glauca, vix reticulata are “ag INE. 78 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA tt Folia etiam maxima minora, raro ad 2.5 cm. longa (confer etiam 37. S. sclero- phyllam, 59. S. denticulatam et 65. S. fruticulosam). Frutices prostrati ramulis radicantibus (confer etiam 117. S. reticulatam). 1 Glandulae fere semper separatae, simplices. ; || Folia rotunda, late ovata v. obovata, vix duplo longiora quam lata v. dis- tincte arguteque serrata crenatave, vix ad 2.5 :2 cm. magna, subtus nervis lateralibus distincte elevatis v. graciliter reticulata. ? Folia distincte crenata v. irregulariter serrata. Folia argute denseque serrata. Bracteae sericeae, apice atrae. 113. S. berberifolia. Folia crenato-serrata. Bracteae glabrae v. sparse pilosae, virides v. in sicco brunneae. Folia subtus viridia, concoloria . . . . ... 115. S. herbacea. Folia subtus glaucescentia, discoloria. Amenta subcylindrica, pleraque 1-2 cm. longa. j 114. S. flabellaris. Amenta subovata, vix 1 em. longa . . . . 122. S. calyculata. *? Folia integra, rotundata, basi leviter cordata v. obtusa (v. folia obovato- elliptica) (confer etiam 109. S. polarem, 111 S. ovalifoliam et 112 8. phiebonhullàmY, soos o sae Sek 116. S. rotundifolia. ||l| Folia lanceolata, elliptica, oblanceolata v. spathulata, pleraque 2-4plo longiora quam lata, subtus tantum costa distincte elevata nervis late- ralibus vix visibilibus (confer etiam 104. S. anglorum). Folia subtus distincte pallida v. glauca, integra. Amenta apice ramulorum brevium vix 1 cm. longorum, brevia sub- capitata, 0.5 em. longa, pauciflora . . . .. 118. S. Lindleyana. 120. S. Souliei. Amenta apice ramulorum 2-3 em. longorum, subcylindrica, 1 cm. longa, pluriflora; stamina pilosa . . . . . . . 119. S. brachista. Folia subtus concoloria, supra medium utrinque 2-3-dentata v. lobu- lato-incisa integris intermixtis. Amenta pauciflora, subcapitata. 121. S. oreophila. tł Glandulae fere semper partitae v. distincte lobatae, pseudodiscum 4- v. plurilobatum formantes; filamenta basi villosa . . . 123. S. Serpyllum. B. Flores glandula unica (ventrali) instructi. a. Filamenta staminum tota longitudine v. 14-44 connata v. stamen unicum tantum adest (b, see p. 80). Stamen unieum. Bracteae ovatae, obtusae (conferetiam 152. S.Saidaeanam et 153. S. Harmsianam)- 151. S. Buergeriana. Bracteae lanceolatae acutae (confer observationes sub 129. S. Wallichiana). Stamina dua filamentis 14-34 v. tota connatis, v. interdum in singulis floribus sta- men tantum unicum adest. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 79 (si inflorescentiae longae, crassae, aureo-micantes et folia utrinque sericeo- tomentosa confer 139. S. lanatam). f Bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, sensim acuminatae; glandula anguste linearis, elongata; amenta praecocia, ad 1.5 cm. crassa, stylus floris 9 valde elon- Battie, gracillimus) . —— 0. cos o m cH 156. S. gracilistyla. tt Bracteae plus minusve obtusae v. amenta v. glandula (et stylus) diversa. 1 Folia adulta 6-16 em. longa, late v. anguste lanceolata, acuminata, toto mar- gine plus minusve serrata v. dentata. * Amenta g' evoluta pleraque 4-5(-6) em. longa (pedunculis exclusis), densiflora, 1-1.5 cm. crassa. Folia adulta glabra, lanceolata. Folia subintegra. Filamenta ad medium tantum coalita. 172. S. ozycarpa. Folia serrata (dentibus circiter 3 pro 1 em.). Folia utrinque serrata; stipulae circiter 2 cm. longae, petiolum supe- THDIOE. o. Qoo e e n T E 158. S. Miyabeana. Folia apice acuminata; stipulae circiter 1 em. longae, petiolo breviores 160. S. lepidostachys. ** Amenta c? evoluta breviora v. tenuiora. quam 7: 0.8 cm. magna). Folia apice plus minusve acuminata (ovaria floris 9 stylo et pedicello brovi instructa) . — . 7 105. Se 162. S. Gilgiana. Folia apice plus minusve acuta (ovaria floris 9 sessilia; stylus nullus sequente. || Folia plus minusve opposita v. alterna, basi subcordata, sessilia, interdum petiolata, apice denticulata, ad 6: 2.5 cm. magna, raro longiora. 161. S. purpurea ssp. amplexicaulis. [|| Folia omnia alterna, petiolata (?167. S. Duclouzii), breviora v. angustiora. Stamina pleraque tantum basi, raro tota longitudine connata, interdum libera. Folia late ovata v. obovato-oblonga, integra, ad 4:2 em. magna, brevissima petiolata. . . . . . .. 175. S. minutiflora. Stamina omnia plus minusve ad apicem connata. Folia elliptica, lanceo- lata v. linearia. 2 Ramuli dense sericei v. pubescentes. Folia etiam adulta sericea v. pilosa, raro glabra, plus minusve remote denticulata, apice ro- tunda apiculata, subtus glauca. : Folia linearia, apice subacuminata, minute denticulato-serrata. Bracteae saepe parte superiore atrae (confer etiam 165. S. Juücroailwam) zo or pee ees 163. S. cheilophila. Folia anguste elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, apice satis obtusa v. subacuta. Bracteae pleraeque totae flavo-brunneae. : Amenta ad ramulos hornotinos crescentes aestate apparentia (confer etiam 167. S. Duclouzii) . . . . - 166. S. Bockii. Amenta ad ramulos maturos (annotinos) autumno v. hieme ap- parentia. Ani etiam 170. S. kouytchensem). therae glabrae (confer oer ck 80 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Antherae apice saepissime pilosae . . . 169. S. andropogon. Ramuli ab initio glabri v. sparse pilosi. Folia adulta glaberrima, in- tegra. Folia apice plus minus obtusa v. rotundata, tantum apiculata. Bracteae subacutae (ovaria floris 9 breviter hirta, sessilia; stylus satis longus). Folia subtus pallide viridia. 174. S. myrtillacea. Bracteae obtusae (ovaria floris 9 stylo brevi coronata). Folia subtus pallide viridia (ovaria glabra, sessilia). 171. S. pycnostachya. Folia subtus glauca (ovaria tomentella, subsessilia). 173. S. myricaefolia. Folia apice acuta, linearia, ad 6:0.5 cm. v. longiora. Bracteae apice obtusae v. truneatae (ovaria floris 9 sessilia, breviter sericea; BEYN DI oS 0 5 4. o 164. S. Wilhelmsiana. b. Filamenta staminum 2 libera, raro ima basi v. 14 coalita (species sequentes sine specimine femineo accurate discernere saepe impossibile videtur). Pubescentia bractearum et inflorescentiae axis fulva v. rufo-ferruginea interdum pilis albis mixta; amenta densiflora, cylindrica, ad 5 cm. longa et 0.6-0.7 cm. crassa (confer etiam 69. S. mictotricham et 88. S. Reinii). . . . 92. S. vulpina. Mog e inflorescentiarum bractearumque alba v. grisea v. aureo-micans, COD- color. * Amenta densissime sericea, aureo-micantia, 4-6 cm. longa et 1.5 cm. crassa. | m Folia integra, utrinque plus minusve tomentello-sericea . . 139. S. lanata. Amenta nunquam aureo-micantia, breviora v. tenuiora v. folia diversa. i T Inflorescentiae laxiflorae, ad 10 em. longae, vix 0.6 em. crassae; bracteae parvae, —— ovatae, sparse pilosae. Folia ovato-lanceolata, apice caudata v. acumi- | nata, subtus opaca v. glauca, margine satis distanter argute serrata, adulta bY ue Milo cU RE TT 94. S. japonica. —— tt Inflorescentiae densiflorae crassioresque v. breves v. bracteae foliave diversa. ——— 1 Amenta g^ plus minusve distincte praecocia v. subcoetanea, satis (1-2 cm.) — crassa, sessilia v. subsessilia, pedicello brevi tantum foliis parvis V. squamiformibus instructa. Arbores v. frutices alti, ramis elongatis satis crassis. || Folia late v. anguste lanceolata, apicem versus sensim acuminata, majora 4-8plo — quam lata (confer etiam 129. S. Wallichianam et 132. 5 S. insignem). a Folia mox perfecte glabrescentia v. ab initio glabra; ramuli floriferi glabri (confer etiam 147. S. Rehderianam). i Folia distincte angusteque glanduloso-serrata; ramuli saepe pruinosb amenta circiter 1.5 em. crassa, breviter v. ovato-cylindrica (confer — etiam 182. S.insignem) o o ....... 138. S. rori Folia subintegra v. satis irregulariter et distanter crenato-denticulata; ramuli semper epruinosi; amenta cylindrica, vix plus quam 1 cm. MR TOTAS 1-1 0. v 9 a uo s OA 143. S. sachalinensis. Folia etiam adulta subtus dense sericea v. plus minusve pubescentia, margine integra v. satis indistincte crenulato-denticulata (confer etiam 135. S. sibiricam). Folia anguste v. lineari-lanceolata, 6-12-plo longiora quam lata, maT- gineintegra, basi acuta, subtus intense sericea (saepissime micantia). - 142. S. viminalis. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 81 Folia lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, 4-5plo longiora quam lata, margine saepe crenulato-denticulata, basi obtusa, subtus pubescen- uavdeegcshbm..—- . ....7. 4 147. S. Rehderiana. l/| Folia saepissime latiora, 114-314(-4)plo longiora quam lata, integra v. irregulariter crenato-denticulata. ? Folia etiam juvenilia glabra v. mox glabra (ramulis glabris), supra sa- turate viridia, subtus glauca (confer etiam 86. S. chlorostachyam). Folia late lanceolata v. oblongo- v. rotundato-obovata, basi cuneata, ad 6:3.5 em. magna. Amenta cylindrica, ad 2 cm. longa et 1 em. crassa (ovaria floris 9 breviter pilosa) (confer etiam 79. S. phylici- Joham) . ee £0.00 ee oe eed E E 131. S. Starkeana. Folia ovato- v. oblongo-elliptica, interdum fere orbicularia, ad 7: 5.5 em. magna. Amenta ad 4.5 cm. longa et 1.5 em. crassa (ovaria Mberrma). 5. . 1 144 2 010 Rs 96. S. pyrolaefolia. °° Folia etiam adulta subtus sericea v. pubescentia. Ramuli floriferi glabri v. tantum in axillis amentorum puberuli. Folia adulta subtus griseo-tomentello-villosa, oblonga v. late-ovata, apice breviter acuta, basi acuta v. obtusa, ad 11: 5.5 cm. magna, textura crasse-papyracea. Amenta ovata, ad 3 cm. longa et 2 em. UTHEEB. 5. V Oe eee Ue aa. ee gg a 128. S. Caprea. Folia adulta subtus sericea v. subglabra, oblongo-lanceolata v. ovato-lanceolata, apice acuta v. subaeuminata, basi pleraque obtusa, ad 10: 3-4 em. magna, textura tenuiora. Amenta 2-4 em. longa et ad 1.8 cm. erassa . . . . . . 129. S. Wallichiana. Ramuli floriferi tomentelli v. puberuli; folia etiam supra vix omnino glabrescentia. Folia adulta subtus distincte reticulata, oblanceolata v. obovato- lanceolata v. plus minusve ovalia, ad 10: 4.5 cm. magna, textura crasse papyracea. Amenta ovalia v. cylindrica, ad 5 cm. longa et 26m;tT4NAR c7 ee ee LL 127. S. cinerea. Folia adulta subtus vix reticulata, cetera ut supra sub No. 131 indi- CO eee 131. S. Starkeana, var. cinerascens. it Amenta ¢ distincte coetanea v. longe cylindrica, tenuiora v. perparva. Plerique frutices ramis saepissime brevibus tenuioribusque. || Amenta cylindrica, gracilia, circiter 2-6 cm. longa et tantum 0.4-7 cm. crassa. Frutices arbusculaeque erectae, raro arbores (confer etiam 135. S. sibiricam). ° Bracteae inflorescentiaeque pilis rufis et albis mixtis sericeae; amenta tan- tum (an semper?) 2 cm. longa et 0.4 ael lata. rT ad in i er etiam 88. S. . tegra, subtus glauca, parce sericea (: te & ideo. °° Bracteae inflorescentiaque pilis concoloribus tantum albis sericeae v. SF — (in 76. S. heterochroma pili age subflavescentes). e s olia integerrima, satis magna et apice plus minusve acuminata v. minora et elliptica, apice breviter acuta v. rotunda (confer etiam 80. S. formosam). É É Folia late lanceolata v. elliptica, juniora dense sericea, basi obtusa, apice acuminata, ad 12:3.8 cm. magna, Amenta su sericea, 4-5.5 cm. longa et ad 1 cm. crassa. 76. 8. heterochroma. Folia elliptica, obovato-elliptica v. orbicularia, apice acuta v. ob- tusa v. rotunda (confer etiam 74. S. driophilam). Folia elliptica, obovato-elliptica v. orbicularia, apice rotunda v. 82 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA oblique obtusiuscula, ad 4.5: 3.5 cm. magna; petioli ad 1.5 em. longi. Amenta 2-4 em. longa, brevipedunculata. 101. S. Nakamurana. Folia elliptica, apice acuta, ad 5:2 em. magna, petioli ad 10mm. longi. Amenta pedicellata, foliis 2-4 parvis distinctis suffulta, 2.5-6 cm. longa et 0.5-0.7 em. crassa (pedunculo excluso) (confer etiam 67. S. rhoophilam et 71. S. cathayanam). 66. S. hypoleuca. $8 Folia circumcirca v. ex parte crenato-serrata v. denticulata, subtus glauca. Folia etiam adulta subtus adpresse pubescenti-tomentella; petioli pubescentes. Folia oblonga v. elliptica, rarius obovato-elliptica, basi pleraque obtusa usque rotundata, margine crenato-serrata, nervis la- teralibus 5-9 (ovaria subsessilia, sericeo-tomentosa). 141. S. vulpinoides. Folia elliptica, breviter lateque acuminata, basi acuta usque ob- tusissima, margine medio tantum remote serrulata, nervis lateralibus 11-16 (ovaria longe pedicellata, glabra). i 98. SS. kenoensis. Folia adulta subtus glabra v. subglabra; petioli glabri v. parce pilosi Folia ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, basi rotunda v. pleraque cordata, margine argute serrata, juvenilia dense et longe sericea. Bracteae ovato-rotundae, longe sericeae (ovaria glabra, longepedielleta) -< 3. ...—.. 99. S. Shirati. Folia nunquam basi cordata, margine crenata v. crenato-dentata v. subintegra. Bracteae plus minusve glabrae, tantum basi pilosae et ciliatae. Ramuli novelli ut folia juvenilia glabra v. saepe parce fulvo-pilosi. Folia majora obovata v. obovato-oblonga, basi angustata sed pleraque rotundata . . 88. S. Reinu. Bracteae distincte et longe sericeae v. crispato-sericeae. _ Folia (ramulique) etiam juvenilia glabra. Bracteae sericeae (ovaria tomentella). Folio obovato-lanceolata v. elliptica, mediocra. : 79. S. phylicifolia. Folia lanceolata, longa . . . . . . . . 145. S. opaca. Folia (ramulique) initio pubescentia v. sericea, pleraque ovà* lia v. elliptica. Bracteae crispato-sericeae (ovaria glabra). i 97. S. hastata. lll Amenta brevia, 1-2.5 em. longa et satis crassa. Frutices parvi v. mini- mi v. prostrati. : Frutices parvi sed ramis brevibus v. longioribus (ad 0.5 m.) erecti trunco solum procumbente et radicante. Folia majora 2.5-7 cm. longa (confer etiam 136. S. doliam). Folia lanceolata v. lineari-lanceolata v. obovato-lanceolata, pubes- _centia, sericea. Amenta 7 0.8-1.8 em. longa. 135. S. sibirica. Folia orbiculata usque anguste elliptica, ovata, v. raro lanceolata, ad 5:3 em. magna, glanduloso-denticulata v. serrata v. integt® : adulta glabra. Folia adulta utrinque viridia, nitentia, pleraque glanduloso-serrat$ v. denticulata, ad 5:3 em. magna. Amenta g^ ad 3:1.2 cm. NÉ oo no’ 108. S. Myrsinites. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 83 Folia subtus glauca, pleraque integra, ad 3.5:1.8 em. magna. Amenta c? ad 1.5:0.8 em. magna . . . . 133. S. myrtilloides. Frutices prostrati ramulis saepe radicantibus . Folia crenato-serrata. Amenta elongata, cylindrica. 110. S. microphyta. Folia integra v. pro parte minute denticulata. Amenta ovato-rotunda, pauclior&. .—.. 10.77.74 X COUR ee 109. S. polaris. II. CLAVIS SPECIERUM SECUNDUM SPECIMINA FEMINEA. A. Flores glandulis duobus (dorsali et ventrali) instructi; glandula dorsalis! inter- dum valde reducta difficile recognoscenda (B, see p. 85). Arbores v. frutices alti. Folia 4-12 em. longa, distincte serrata. * Ovaria glabra, pedicellata v. rarius sessilia; stylus nullus v. brevis, quam stigmata haud v. vix longior. (Confer etiam 3. S. Mesnyi and 1. S. tetraspermam). T Stigmata satis angusta, bifida, stylo distincto bifido aequilonga. Folia glabra v. mox glaberrima. Amenta fructifera 10-14 em. longa (pedunculis 2-3 em. longis inclusis). Folia e basi ovata v. subacuta ovato-lanceolata, longe acuminata. Ovaria satis longe graciliter pedicellata . . . . . . .... 14. S. Mazximowiczii. Amenta fructifera (pedunculis exclusis) 4-5 cm. longa. Folia basi ovata v. elliptica, cordata v. rotundata, apice acuminata. Ovaria brevipedicellata. 21. S. cardiophylla. tt Stigmata brevia, satis crassa; stylus distinctus, crassus v. nullus. Folia novella saepe distincte sericea. ; 1 Pedicelli ovariorum v. fructuum nectariis vix v. haud longiores; stylus brevis, plerumque apice bifidus; bracteae oblongae ovariis florum subaequi- longae (confer etiam 20. S. fragilem et 27. S. hamatidentem). Foliola amentorum anguste glanduloso-serrata. Stylus distinctus. 15. S. pentandra. Foliola amentorum integra v. subintegra. Stylus brevissimus. vie nit d 26. S. Matsudana. 11 Pedicelli ovariorum v. fructuum glandulis 2-4plo longiores; stigmata sessilia; bracteae latiores v. ovariis florum dimidio breviores. _ i Folia juvenilia (ramulique) distincte ferrugineo-sericea, etiam adulta vix glabra. Capsulae brevi-pedicellatae, pedicellis quam glandulae circiter 2plo longioribus, quam capsulae triplo brevioribus . 13. S. Kusanoi. Folia juvenilia (ramulique) glabra v. pube albescente pilosa. Capsulae longi-pedicellatae, pedicelli medium capsulae aequantes v. longio- res (confer etiam 9. S. dictyoneuram). Petia peus. elasdplitor, ipM NAM MET Petioli eglandulosi; stipulae deficientes Marire te bois. Li s O0! Glandula dorsalis parva, separata v. interdum 10. S. Wilsonii. Glandula dorsalis lata, quam ventralis altior . . 18. S. Cavaleriet. **Ovaria tomentella v. pilosa, neotilia dr. subsessilia; stylus distinctus stigmatibus elongatis aequilongus v. paullo brevior. * Glandula dorsalis inter bracteam et ovarium sita est, glandula ventralis inter Ovarium et rachim. 84 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Amenta brevia, pedunculo excluso etiam fructifera vix 3 em. longa; glandula ventralis quam dorsalis minor et tenuior, saepe valde reducta. Folia lan- ceolata sensim acuminata v. utrinque acuta (confer etiam 33. S. koreensem). 28. S. eriocarpa. Amenta pedunculo excluso 8-14 cm. longa. : Glandulae aequiformes, satis laterales; stigmata stylis sublongiora. Folia late oblonga, ovalia v. ovato-elliptica, crenato-serrata, adulta subtus reticulata (confer etiam 23. S. populifoliam) . . . . 20. S. Urbaniana. Glandulae diversae, dorsalis minima. Folia integra v. indistincte glanduloso- crenulata. Stigmata stylis breviora . . . . . . . 46. S. Ernesti. Frutices parvi, breviramei, v. minimi, prostrati, ramulis radicantibus; folia vix usque 5 em. longa v. integra. : * Frutices erecti. Amenta (pedunculo foliifero excluso) pleraque 1-2, tantum 1n 126. S. floccosa 4-7 em. longa. Folia ovata, obovata, elliptica v. late lan- ceolata, integra. Folia satis magna, majora 5-8 cm. longa et usque 3 em. lata; Amenta ad 7:12 em. magna; ovaria subsessilia; styli distincti, bifidi stigmatibus _ angustis bifidis; glandula dorsalis minima. . . . . . . 126. S. floccosa. re minora, ad 2.5 cm. longa (adulta ignota). Amenta tantum ad 2.5 cm. onga. Styli ad basim divisi, divergentes. Ramuli floriferi glabri. Folia lanceolato- elliptica. Amenta 0.5-2 cm. longa, circiter 0.7 cm. crassa. 39. S. atopantha. Styli tantum apice bifidi. Ramuli floriferi pubescentes. Folia elliptica V. obovato-elliptica, basi distinctius rotundata. Glandulae variabiles, quasi pseudodiscum variabiliter lobulatum formantes. 38. S. oritrepha. Glandulae duae distinctae, graciles, ventralis dorsali minor. 37. S. sclerophylla. **Frutices parvi v. minimi ramis v. ramulis plus minusve prostratis saepissime radieantibus. Amenta pleraque apice ramulorum normalium. t Ovaria pubescentia; amenta anguste cylindrica ramulo foliato excluso usque - 4 em. longa; glandulae pseudodiscum plurilobulatum formantes. Folia ovata, late elliptica, obovata v. rotunda, apice rotunda, ad 5.5 cm. longa, gatis crassa, subtus albescentia, distincte reticulata, integra . 117. S. reticulata. tt Ovaria glabra, folia minora, tenuiora. t Folia crenato-serrata v. dentata. Amenta fructifera 2-4.5 cm. longa (ramulo foliato excluso). Stylus mediocris v. subnullus, simplex. Folia utrinque viridia, obovato- rotunda v. oblonga (confer etiam 115. S. herbaceam) . 114. S. flabellaris. Stylus longus, gracillimus, bipartitus. Folia subtus pallida, obovato- V: .dlipticoaneeodata ......... s.s 123. S. Serpyllum. t} Folia integerrima. Amenta etiam fructifera vix usque 2 cm. longa. Folia utrinque viridia, vix v. paullo longiora quam lata, apice rotunda V- saepe emarginata, basi rotunda v. saepe cordata. Amenta parv» _3-6 flora. Bracteae late obovatae . . . . . . 116. S. rotundifolia- Folia subtus glauca, 2-3plo longiora quam lata, apice acuta v. obtus% basi saepissime acuta. Amenta 6-15-flora. i Folia subtus reticulata. Ovaria sessilia, stylo brevissimo coronata; bractea atine: -a o ae Oe ss 111. S. ovalifolia. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 85 B. Flores glandula una ventrali instructi (glandula pedicellum ovarii interdum subamplectens). a. Ovaria plus minusve distincte pedicellati; pedicelli glandulam 2plo usque 6plo superantes.! (b, see p. 86). 1. Ovaria et pedicelli glaberrima. Stigmata sessilia v. styli breves stigmatibus vix v. paulo longiores (tantum in 96. S. pyrolaefolia distincte longiores). (2, see p. 86). Folia adulta lanceolata v. ovato-lanceolata, plus minusve acuminata, 3-6plo longiora quam lata (confer etiam 12. S. ochrophyllam). * Folia anguste lanceolata, margine integra v. vix anguste serrata. Stigmata bifida lineariloba; bracteae late obovatae, ovaria fere tota involu- culata. Glandula vix altiora quam lata, pedicellum basi subamplectens; pedicelli glandula 2-5plo longiores. Folia plus minusve serrato-dentata. Styli plerumque brevissimi (confer etiam 12. S. eucalyptoidem). Bracteae rhachisque amentorum fructiferorum sericeo-tomentellae. 4. S. araeostachya. Bracteae rhachisque amentorum fructiferorum subglabrescentes (confer etiam 0..5., Balansaely .-—— o e ee 18. tetrasperma. Folia integra, vix denticulata. Stigmata sessilia; bracteae rhachisque seri- ceo-villosae (confer etiam 1. S. tetraspermae varietates) . . 2. S. pyrina. Glandula ovalis v. subrectangularis, fere duplo altiora quam lata, basim . pedicelli 2-3plo longioris non amplectens . . . . . . . 25. S. amygdalina. Folia adulta ovata, obovata, elliptica v. oblonga 1314-2Y4plo longiora quam lata, sive lanceolato-elliptica, apice haud acuminata (si amenta longissima confer etiam > Sect. Magnificae, p. 113). 2 0 s / Bracteae rhachisque amentorum pilis ferrugineis interdum cum albis mixtis seri- ceae; pedicelli 2-214plo longiores quam glandula; styli breves sed distincti pe. sat emarginatis paullo longiores (confer Aion so stylis longi- ori icellis plerisque pilosi is longiori us, pedicellis plerisque pilosis, glandulis longi e d odd **Bracteae et rhachis pilis tantum albis, v. griseis indutae (confer etiam 94. S. japonicam et 122. S. calyculatam). SE : Pedicelli glandulam 3-5plo superantes. Folia lanceolato-elliptica v. integra. Folia lanceolato- v. oblongo-elliptica, 214-316plo longiora quam lata, plus minusve breviter glanduloso-denticulata. Fructus anguste ovato-ellip- tici, pedicello paullo longiores; — videtur —— cag an Folia rotundato- usque angusto-elliptica, vix 2!4plo longiora quam lata, integra. Frusna ann, pedicello plerique duplo longiores (confer etiam 134. S. fuscescentem) o o oo es a . 133. S. myrtilloides. Pedicelli glandulam vix triplo superantes. Folia latiora, dentata. —— : Stylus distinctus, stigmatibus bifidis longior, interdum medium ovarii aequi- 1 Si amenta longissima adsunt confer etiam 44. S. moupinensem, 45. S. Fargesii et 78. S. omeiensem. 86 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA longus; pedicellus glandula 2-4plo longior. Folia orbiculata v. elliptica, satis obtusa, irregulariter glanduloso-serrata . . . . 96. S. pyrolaefolia. Stylus brevior; pedicellus glandula 2plo longior. Folia ovata v. ovato-lan- ceolata serrata, acuta, basi saepe cordata (confer etiam 97. S. hastatam). 99. S. Shiraii. 2. Ovaria (et v. interdum tantum pedicelli) pilosi (confer etiam sub b, 2). Styli brevissimi v. breves, stigmatibus vix v. tantum paullo longiores. * Glandula latior quam alta, basim pedicelli subamplectens. Folia ovato-lanceo- lata, acuminata, margine glanduloso-serrata. Folia basi acuta v. obtusa, Amenta (pedunculo satis longo excluso) usque 7: 1 gn mama s) hee els LS Sis dp ee 6. S. ichnostachya. Folia basi aurita; amenta usque 3: 1 cm. magna, pedunculo brevi. ; 7. S. tonkinensts. **Glandula pleraque altior quam lata, haud subamplectens. t Folia lanceolata, glanduloso-serrata. Bracteae nigro-brunneae, oblongae, ovariis subaequilongae, dorso a medio ad apicem glabrae; stylus subnullus. 132. S. insignis. tt Folia latiora v. integerrima (confer etiam 79. S. phylicifoliam). 1 Folia late lanceolata, elliptica, obovata v. subrotunda; pedicelli glandula rid ee Amenta fructifera plus quam 2.5 em. longa (pedunculo excluso). Amenta fructifera 7-12 cm. longa, vix usque 1.5 em. crassa. Folia ovata v. ovato-elliptica, majora apice saepissime satis longe acuminata V. caudata, subtus albescentia, juniora sericea, integra; stylus distinctus, apice bifidus. Ramuli novelli mox glabrescentes, valde tenues. 76. S. heterochroma. Amenta fructifera crassiora v. breviora v. folia diversa (confer etiam 92. 8. vulpinam, var. tomentosam, p. 131). Folia pro parte maxima haud plus quam 5: 2.5 cm. magna (confer p. 81). : 131. S. Starkeana. Folia pro parte maxima 6 cm. longa v. majora; vide 128. S. Capream, . 127. S. cineream, et 129. S. Wallichianam (confer etiam p. 81). — .. tt Folia lanceolata, oblanceolata, spathuliformia v. obovato-lanceolata; pedi- celli glandulam 2-4plo superantis. Amenta fructifera vix 2 cm. longa (pedunculis exclusis) v. vix 0.6 em. crassa. i Stylus quam stigmata brevior; pedicelli glandula 2-3plo longiores; folia 2-7 cm. longa. Folia lanceolata, lineari-lanceolata v. anguste obovato- lanceolata, pubescentia, sericea . . . . . . .. . 135. S. sibirica. Stylus quam stigmata distincte longior; pedicelli glandula circiter 4plo longiores. Folia obovato-lingulata, vix 2.5 cm. longa. 87. S. leptoclados. Styli elongati, quam stigmata distincte longi io i ‘aequilongi RA Tad à giores, ovario interdum aequilongl. Pedicelli tantum pilosi; ovaria glabra... ... 2... 183 S. Leveilleana. Pedicelli ut ovaria pilosi. . . . . Pod cR ane CoA oi V 146. S. Sziuzev. b. Ovaria sessilia v. pedicelli glandulam saepe longam non v. paulo (haud duplo) superantes. ; 1. Ovaria et pedicelli glaberrima (2, see p. 89). Amenta florifera fructiferaque longissima (8-27 em.), apice ramulorum brevium folia magna 2-4 gerentium. Folia permagna, majora 9-20 cm. longa, 4-10 cm. leta. Styli breves v. mediocres, tenues, apice bifidi, stigmatibus brevibus. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 87 Folia distincte glanduloso-serràta . .......... 45. SS. Fargesit. Folia subintegra v. tenuissime serrulata. . . . . . . . 78. S. omeiensis. * Arbores v. frutices erecti, ramulis nunquam radicantibus. T Ovaria (fructusque) distincte sessilia. t Styli subnulli v. breves, stigmatibus v. 14 ovarii haud longiores. || Bracteae plus minusve acutae; amenta brevia, vix 2 cm. longa (pedunculo 2-3-foliolato excluso). Folia angusta acuminata, serrata v. juniora subintegra. Folia lanceolata vel anguste lanceolata, 5-17 em. longa. Ramuli brunnei v. purpurascentes. Folia longe acuminata, ad 17 cm. longa s .. |... A424. 7 2 e i La 34. S. babylonica. Ramuli viridi-brunnescentes v. plus minusve flavescentes. Folia bre- viter acuminata, ad 10 em. longa. . . . . . 26. S. Matsudana. Folia linearia, 1.5-4.5 em. longa . . . . . . . 165. S. microstachya. lill Bracteae late ovatae, obtusae, subrotundae v. oblongae. Folia apice acuta c c obtusa, margine integra v. obscure erenulata. Folia subrotunda usque elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, apice pleraque acuta, nervis secundariis subtus plus minusve visibilibus. Ramuli haud glaucescentes. $ Folia late elliptica, obovata v. subrotunda, 1.8-2.5 em. lata, obscure erenata. Bracteae oblongae, obtusae; styli distincti, apice bifidi, stigmatibus bifidis satis elongatis paullo longiores. . . 125. S. opsimantha. $8 Folia angustiora, integra. Bracteae late ovatae v. subrotundae. Amenta pedunculo distincto foliis normalibus instructo suffulta. 2 Folia, amenta et bracteae glabra v. subglabra. Styli nulli, stigmata sessilia. Petiolisatislongi . . . 66. S. hypoleuca. «Cu i Lao o Ae ur ordo, CN TETUR b Siesta cas span MU IRA Tm Ti. S. cathayana. Amenta subsessilia, basi nuda v. foliolis perparvis suffulta. Styli nulli; stigmata sessilia. Folia utrinque plus minusve acuta. Amenta valde cylindrica, tenuia £e nn 67. S. rhoophila. Styli plus minusve distincti et bifidi . _ : Ovaria crasse ovata, styli sion a me tantum basi ilosae. ia utrinque subrotunda. adir Pe * 69. S. mictotricha. Ovaria elongata, styli satis distincti; bracteae extus et apice sericeae. 88 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Amenta valde cylindrica, ad 3.5 em. longa, circiter 0.5 em. crassa. Ramuli annotini glabri, hornotini albo-tomentelli. 68. S. polyclona. Amenta circiter 7 mm. crassa, vix 3 em. longa. Ramuli annotini puberuli, hornotini flavo-tomentelli. 64. S. luctuosa. °° Folia lineari-lanceolata, apice obtusa, fere enervosa. Ramuli plerique glaucescentes. Stylus distinctus, brevis, haud bifidus, stigmatibus brevibus, bifidis oe 171. S. pycnostachya. tt Styli elongati, stigmatibus et 14 ovarii longiores. Amenta magna, crassa (ad 8: 2 cm.), densissime sericea, leviter flavescen- tia; styli gracillimi, stigmatibus elongatis haud bifidis. Folia utrinque sericeo-tomentella, integra, late ovata v. elliptica . . 139. S. lanata. Amenta minora, haud dense sericea. Folia diversa. Folia late elliptica v. rotundata, ad 4.5 em. longa; petioli ad 1.5 cm. longi. Stigmata bifida, anguste linearia . . 101. S. Nakamurana. Folia lanceolata v. lanceolato-elliptica, apice acuta, ad 11.5 cm. longa; petioli 2-8 mm. longi. Stigmata brevia. . . . 147. S. Rehderiana. tt Ovaria (fructusque) breviter v. distincte pedicellata (confer etiam 70. S. longiflo- ram et 71. S. cathayanam). t Styli subnulli v. breves, stigmatibus haud longiores v. stigmata valde brevia (confer etiam 132. S. etosiam). || Folia integerrima v. anguste lanceolata et interdum ad apicem distanter denticulata. Folia anguste lanceolata, ad 4.5 cm. longa, brevipetiolata. Stylus quam stigmata bifida linearia satis longa subbrevior. : : 19. S. macrolepis. Folia elliptica v. obovata, ad 4.5:2.3 cm. magna; petioli ad 1.5 cm. ; longi; stylus stigmatibus linearibus integris sublongior. T 101. S. Nakamurana. ul Folia distincte serrata v. denticulata v. haud anguste lanceolata. Petioli glanduliferi; folia ovato- v. elliptico-lanceolata, breviter v. lon- pe acuminata (v. interdum obovato-lanceolata, acuta). Pedicelli TONO C107. 20008 SOL La UE OX SU. . S. paraplesia. °° Petioli eglandulosi. — UM § Folia late v. anguste lanceolata, apice acuminata. ; Folia anguste lanceolata, apice sensim acuminata, margine satis anguste glanduloso-serrata, etiam adulta subtus sáepe sericea. Amenta fructifera (pedunculo excluso) circiter 3 cm. longa; stylus subnullus 35. S. alba. M iere ei POR ANO IL UE aL ee 97 meee racteae su rae, apice haud crispo-sericeae; stylus pedi stigmatibus subaequilongus. ; margine breviter denticulato-serrata . . . 58. S. denticulata. Folia variabilia, elliptico-lanceolata v. -obovata, basi acuta v. TO" SALICACEAE. — SALIX 89 tundata, apice pleraque acuta v. subacuminata, margine sae- pissime satis grosse serrata v. crenato-serrata. i 94. S. japonica. 1t Styli elongati v. stigmata satis longa et linearia. Bracteae basi saepe glanduloso-denticulatae, longe sericeae; amenta crassa, ad 6: 1.5 em. magna, sessilia. Folia lanceolata, longa, anguste Brata, glübra | s V TCU C pA 138. S. rorida. Bracteae integrae. Amenta sessilia, crassa . . . . . . . 137. S. daphnoides, var. indica. Amenta pedunculata, tenuia. . . . . . . . . 57. S. radinostachya. **Frutices parvi, saepissime prostrati ramulis radicantibus. Folia parva v. minima (confer etiam 122. S. calyculatam). T Folia integerrima (confer etiam 116. S. rotundifoliam) v. minutissime sparse denticulata. Folia obovalia v. late oblonga, integra, utrinque viridia, nervis secundariis prominentibus. Amenta (sine pedunculo) cylindrica, ad 2 cm. longa; stylus simplex, quam stigmata bifida oblonga longior; pedicellus distinctus, glandulae aequilongus . . ..... ER AE ARTA 112. S. phlebophylla. Folia elliptica, utrinque acuta, integra v. minutissime denticulata, subtus glauca, costa exclusa enervia v. nervis indistinctis. Amenta brevia, ovato- rotunda (si nervi subtus sunt distincti et folia ad 2 cm. longa, confer etiam 120:8.Soule) . 3 1o. lU ae cae 118. S. Lindleyana. Amenta cylindrica (fructifera ad 4 em. longa). : Folia circumcirca crenato-serrata v. irregulariter acuto-serrata, utrinque viridia, nitentia, reticulata. Styli breves, apice bifidi, stigmatibus brevibus bifidis. Ovaria sessilia. Folia crenato-serrata. . . . . . 110. S. microphyta. Ovaria pedicellis glandulam vix usque duplo superantibus suffulta. i Folia irregulariter acuto-serrata . . . . . . . 113. S. berberifolia. Folia crenato-denticulata . . . . . . . .. 115. S. herbacea. Folia a medio ad apicem tantum inciso-dentata, oblanceolata, subtus glauca, vix reticulata. Styli distincti, bipartiti; stigmata bifida. 123. S. Serpyllum. Amenta ovato-capitata, pauciflora. Folia saepe tantum versus apicem in- ciso-adpresso-serrata v. lobulata, subtus bue mes vix nervosa. Ovaria subsessilia; i i i revibus in: 3 bsessilia; styli perbreves, stigmatibus us a. 2. Ovaria, rarissime tantum pedicelli v. basis ovarii, pilosa. @ Ovaria distincte sessilia v. interdum pedicelli brevissimi glandula 3-5plo brevi- ores (confer etiam sub 8). (8, see p. 92). ; racteae concolores, viridescentes (v. siccae flavo-brunneae). os Bracteae ovato-ellipticae, apice truncatae, emarginatae v. vw ^ ; stigmata elongata; amenta (pedunculo excluso) 2.5-4 em. longa. 31. S. jessoensis. 90 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Bracteae ovatae, acutae (v. obtusae?) ; stigmata obovata; amenta (peduneulo excluso) vix usque 2.5 em. longa. . . . . . . . . o 32. S. lasiogyne. tt Bracteae bicolores, apice v. pro parte maxima nigro-brunneae, basi virides- centes v. in 168. S. variegata omnino flavo-brunneae. t Folia adulta pleraque 6-12 cm. longa. ? Amenta satis brevia, pedunculo brevissimo excluso vix 2.5 cm. longa. Folia ad 11: 1.5 cm. magna, anguste v. lineari-lanceolata, acute serrata. 161 S. purpurea. Amenta 3.5-8 cm. longa, saepe curvata. Folia ad 16: 2.5 em. magna, plus minusve crenulato-serrata. 158. S. Miyabeana. Folia ad 6:1 em. magna, subintegra . . . . . . . 172. S. oxycarpa. tt Folia adulta breviora v. tantum in ramulis robustis ad 6 cm. longa. Amenta etiam fructifera vix 1 em. longa, subsessilia; bracteae parte su- periore atrae, valde obtusae; stigmata subsessilia brevia, integra. Folia lineari-lanceolata, minutissime denticulata, subacuminata. 163. S. cheilophila. Amenta 1.5-3 em. longa; bracteae tantum imo apice atrae v. flavo-brun- neae; stigmata subsessilia, bifida, separata. Folia obtusa v. brevi- ter acuta. Amenta aestate ad ramulos hornotinos crescentes apparentia (confer etiam 1670S: Duedowth) . S ea en 166. S. Bockit. * Stylus brevis stigmatibus haud v. paullo longior (136. S. dolia excepta). _ T Amenta satis praecocia, sessilia v. breviter pedunculata, basi tantum foliis par- vis v. squamiformibus instructa (confer etiam 52. S. Daltonianam). 1 Folia juvenilia et adulta subtus (v. utrinque) dense sericea v. sericeo-tomen- tella, lanceolata, integra v. subintegra (si folia cinereo-tomentella, oblonga ellipticave confer etiam 141. S. vulpinoidem). Amenta fructifera ad 8 cm. longa; styli ad basim partiti. Folia subtus gencen micant: |. a 1 8 1 . S. psilostigma. Amenta fructifera circiter 3.5 em. longa; styli integri, stigmatibus an- gustis adpressis apice bifidis aequilongi. Folia utrinque sericeo-to- mentala |... 4022 o 4o ROV SUUS UA 178. S. polia. 1i Folia etiam juvenilia glabra v. tantum sparse sericea v. amenta vix 2 cm. onga. : Folia lineari-lanceolata, integra, semper glabra. Stylus apice tantum di- visus, stigmatibus bifidis satis brevibus; amenta circiter 1.5 em. long& Gaa o hs a S T Lou S ee 164. S. Wilhelmsiana. Folia non lineari-lanceolata v. serrata. ` ; Amenta gracilia, pedunculo brevi excluso 5-8 cm. longa, fructifera VIX 0.9 cm. crassa; glandula angusta, dimidio ovarii aequilonga. Folia ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, tenuissime glanduloso-denticulata. Folia subtus albescentia, vix reticulata . . . . . 155. S. hylonoma. Folia subtus viridescentia, reticulata. . . . . . 77. S. isochroma. ace breviora, ad 3 cm. longa, crassiora; glandula brevior, 10r. Folia longa, lanceolata, acuminata, serrulata. Amenta 1-3 cm. longa; stigmata oblonga, emarginata (confer etiam 30. S. Makinoa- nam et 29. S. hondoensem) . ........ . 33. S. koreensis. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 91 IBUER Soo V vl a pa We ee UA MEDIE |||| Amenta breviora et saepissime tenuiora. Folia minora, saepe sericea et : plus minusve serrata. Pubescentia foliorum juvenilium ramulorumque alba v. grisea v. nulla (in 51. S. sikkimensi interdum flavescens, sed non cuprea). § Folia lanceolata, acuminata, integra, ad 14:2.5 cm. magna, subtus dense sericea, micantia. Amenta 9-11 cm. longa, florifera vix 0.8 cm. crassa; glandula longa, linearis . . . . . 54. S. phaidima. $$ Folia late v. ovato-elliptica, obovato-oblonga v. elliptica, acuta v. obtusa. f Amenta distincte pedunculata. Amenta (pedunculo excluso) 5.5-14 em. longa (confer etiam 126. S. floccosam et 177. S. allochroam). Folia distincte glanduloso-serrata, subtus tota facie molliter pubescentia! Amenta 9-14 cm. longa; styli stigmatibus Bubsequilongp-- . 1 1 77 e VEL 47. S. argyrophegga. Folia integra v. indistincte serrulata, subtus mox glabra v. parce sericea. Amenta vix usque 10 cm. longa. Petioli tantum 3-6 mm. longi. Styli stigmatibus aequilongi v.subduplolongiores. . . . . . . . 74. S. driophila. Petioli 7-12 mm. longi. Styli stigmatibus brevibus 3—4plo longiores (confer etiam 49. S. spathulifoliam). 48. S. plocotricha. Amenta (pedunculo excluso) 2.5-5 em. longa (confer etiam 61. S. Biondianam et 80. S. formosam). : Amenta (florifera) ad 3.5 cm. longa, vix 0.5 em. crassa. Folia late elliptica v. obovato-elliptica, utrinque obtusa v. sub- rotunda ae I DES 75.18. amphibola. Amenta ad 5.5 em. longa, crassiora. Folia utrinque plus minusve acuta, obovato-oblonga . . . . 50. S. eriostachya. + Amenta subsessilia, ad 4 cm. longa et circiter 1.5 em. lata. — — 51. S. sikkimensis. °° Pubescentia foliorum juvenilium ramulorumque cupreo-sericea pilis griseis mixta; folia lanceolato-elliptica, ad 8: 2.8 em. magna. Amenta florifera ad 12 em. longa, vix 0.6 em. crassa. . .52. S. Daltoniana. tt Folia (visa) tantum ad 2.5 em. longa. Bracteae apice truncatae; styli dis- tineti, apice bifidi; stigmata bifida v. emarginata (si bracteae sunt apice subacutae, confer etiam 179. S. algistam). Frutices parvi v. erecti. Amenta 3-9 cm. longa. : Stigmata brevia, emarginata. Folia subtus glauca, integra, obtusa, amentorum ad 2.5:1.3 em. magna . . . . « - - - 79. S. resecta. 1 Si folia integra confer etiam 46, S. Ernesti, p. 47, quia glandula dorsalis saepe 92 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Stigmata bifida. Folia subtus cinerea, lanceolata, acuta, denticulata, Ho SOS tom MAGNE es o 56. S. Thomsoniana. Frutex humilis, ramis prostratis radicantibus. Amenta brevia, 1-2 em. longa; stigmata bifida. Folia subtus pallida ad 2.5:1.7 em. TIEN o 0. os. Va o I 107. S. oreinoma. ** Stylus elongatus (14-) 14 ovarii aequilongus v. longior; amenta precocia (si sty- lus est valde partitus confer etiam supra sub “Amenta tardiflora, coetanea”). 1 Bracteae ovato-obtusae v. obovatae, apice rotundatae. Styli conspicue furcati; stigmata bifida. Folia subintegra, obovato-elliptica, utrinque plus minusve obtusa; amenta subcoetanea; frutex parva. 126. S. floccosa. Styli vix apice bifidi; stigmata incisa. Folia lanceolata, utrinque acuta v. apiceacuminata. Arbores v. frutices alti (confer etiam 147. S. Rehderia- nam, et 149. S. obscuram). Folia subtus sericea v. albescentia. Stylus gracillimus; glandula cylindrica, angusta. Folia subtus dense sericea mieantia, Integra 4... 25 5 a 142. S. viminalis. Stylus crassiusculus; glandula brevior, latior. Folia adulta subtus glabra, albescentia, serrata ..........- 157. S. Pierotit. Folia subtus virideseentia . . . . . . . . . .. 143. S. sachalinensis. 11 Bracteae ovatae v. lanceolatae, acutae (confer 140. S. taimyrensem). JN Bracteae acutissimae; glandula valde elongata, anguste linearis, dimidio ovarii sublongiora. Folia lanceolata v. obovato-lanceolata, tenuiter glan- duloso-serrata, subtus cinerea. . . . . .. . .. 156. S. gracilistyla. Bracteae acutae; glandula brevior, latior. Folia integra, apice obtusa. Ovaria brevissime pedicellata. 174. S. myrtillacea. Folia serrata v. apice subacuminata. Ovaria sessilia. Folia distincte serrata (confer etiam 82. S. kolymensem). i 83. S. boganidensis. Folia plus minusve integra . . . 147. S. Rehderiana, var. brevisericea. B. Ovaria pedicellis brevibus v. longioribus stipitata (pedicelli glandula saepe satis longa breviores v. vix fere duplo longiores). Stylus 14 ovarii aequilongus v. longior; glandula linearis, elongata, pedicello sub- aequilonga v. longior; stigmata brevia v. integra. Folia lanceolata v. late oblanceolata, utrinque acuta, subintegra (confer etiam 148. S. Blinii). : : : ; 143. S. sachalinensis. Stylus brevior stigmatibus vix v. usque duplo longior v. glandula latior et brevior. À asas s em. (in 177. S.allochroa 9-11 cm.) longa (valde juvenilia interdum reviora). T Folia anguste lanceolata. Pedicelli glandula distincte v. subbreviores (confer etiam 79. S. phylicifoliam, 82. S. kolymensem et 135. S. sibiricam). : Folia integra. Bracteae concolores .......,... 36. S. sericocarpa- || Folia late lanceolata, basi acuta, apice acuminata, serrata, ad 12: 2.5 em. magna. Amenta praecocia (confer etiam 145. S. opacam). ut 160. S. lepidostachys- l| Folia diversa. Amenta saepe coetanea. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 93 Folia subtus cinerea v. glauca (confer etiam 145. S. opacam). Ovaria (v. fructus) parce pilosa v. glabra et tantum pedicelli breves pilosi. Folia obovalia v. obovali-elliptica, apice breviter producta, satis grosse crenato-dentata, mox glabra (confer etiam 93..S. Matsu- fhurüueob) o. V X UU UL A A 88. S. Reinii. Folia lanceolata, apice saepe breviter acuminata breviter et satis argute glanduloso-serrata . . . . . . . . . . 81. S. characta. Ovaria distincte pilosa v. sericeo-villosa (confer etiam 151. S. Buergeri- anam, 153. S. Harmsianam speciesque iis valde affines). 150. S. Sieboldiana. Folia utrinque concoloria, viridia, subnitida, ovata v. obovata v. plus minusve lanceolata. Amenta coetana v. fructifera apice ramulorum brevium foliiferorum; pedicelli glandula breviores v. aequilongi. 108. S. Myrsinites. 11 Folia integra (v. in 79. S. phylicifolia pro parte serrata). ll Folia 1-3plo longiora quam lata, vix lanceolata. Folia 2-3plo longiora quam lata, utrinque pleraque plus minusve acuta (confer etiam 91. S. amnicolam et 180. S. ampheristam). Folia glaberrima v. mox glabra, interdum serrata. 79. S. phylicifolia. Folia subtus etiam adulta sericea v. villosa . . . . 124. S. glauca. 8 Folia vix 2plo longiora quam lata v. apice obtusa (confer etiam 104. S. anglorum, 106. S. altaicam et 177. S. allochroam) . . 103. S. arctica. lll Folia 314-5plo longiora quam lata, lanceolata v. oblanceolata. Amenta ad sessilia, cylindrica, circiter 7 em. longa . . . . . . . 181. S. melea. Amenta etiam fructifera vix 2.5 cm. longa v. minora (confer etiam 135. S. sibi- ricam). Folia parva, elliptica v. oblonga, integra, subtus pallida v. glauca. t Frutices erecti, ramis haud prostratis radicantibusve. 1 Folia apice acuta, v. satis lata. n Folia 0.8-3 em. longa. Amenta parva; stigmata brevia; pedicelli glan- dula plerumque breviores . . . . . o o > 175. S. minutiflora. Folia 3-7 cm. longa. Amenta majora; stigmata longiora; pedicelli glan- dulam aequantes v. duplo superantes . . . . . . 176. S. Kochiana. tt Folia apice obtusa, interdum apiculata (confer etiam E [ctun Sy . S. myricaefolia. tt Frutex humilis prostratus, ramis radicantibus . . . . . - - 109. S. polaris. ENUMERATIO SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE. ASIAE ORIENTALIS ET HIMALAYAE.* Sect. 1. TETRASPERMAE Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 1 cane Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 192 (pro parte maxima) Arbores y. frutices alti. Folia pleraque magna, late lanceolata, saepissime acu- minata, adulta satis crassa. Inaki E brevi-pedunculata, satis longa, cylindrica, Saepe laxiflora, floribus pleiandris, glandulis duobus saepe pseudodiscum pluri- lobatum formantibus; amenta 9 longius pedunculata, saepe satis elongata, plus minusve laxiflora; ovaria distincte pedicellata, glabra v. pilosa; styli nulli v. bre- . | In our area I include eastern Afghanistan and that part of Tibet which polit- ically belongs to Kashmir, and Siberia east of a line running from the eastern Shores of Lake Baikal along the Lena River to the Arctic Sea. 94 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA vissimi; stigmata satis brevia, crassa, emarginata v. bifida; glandula una, ventralis, basin pedicelli plus minusve subamplectens. 1. Salix tetrasperma Roxburgh, Pl. Corom. 1. 66, t. 97 (1795); Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 753 (1832). — Forbes, Salicet. Woburn. 61, t. 61 (pro parte) (1829). — Anders- son in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 1850, 484 (Ost-Ind. Pilarter) (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 41 (pro parte) (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 1 (Monog. Salic.) (pro parte) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 192 (pro parte) (1868). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 462, t. 58 (pro parte) (1874); Ind. Trees, 636 (pro parte) (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 626 (pro parte) (1888). — Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay, Il. pt. 4, 661 (1907). — Talbot, Forest Fl. Bombay, 11. 557, cum icone mala (1911). INDIA. Madras Presidency: “banks of rivulets and moist places among the Cirear Mountains," W. Roxburgh (type, ex Roxburgh). East Bengal: without lo- eality (Herb. Griffith No. 4503); Mungut River, Jainteas, alt. 900 m., October 20, 1867, C. B. Clarke (No. 5911*, 9; 59115, 9); “ Bengala inferior,” 1815, N. Wallich (No. 3707; sterile). Assam: Khasia, Nurtung(?), alt. 1200 m., December 1871, C. B. Clarke (No. 14580; with ripe fruits). United Provinces: Gorakhpur Di- vision, Domariaganj (Dumuniyagunj), (Wallich Cat. Nos. 3707 and 3707°; sterile). Doubtful are the two following specimens representing probably different forms: Eastern Bengal: Dacca, April 12, 1868, C. B. Clarke (No. 6780; sterile); Noatilee, alt. 700 m., November 12, 1883, C. B. Clarke (No. 34176°; with fruits, branchlets and petioles finely puberulent). Without having seen Roxburgh’s type specimen it is difficult to describe the typical S. tetrasperma, a name which has been applied to very different forms by different authors. As far as I can judge from Roxburgh’s description and plate the c? flowers have mostly more than 6 stamens, and the 9 flowers have long-stalked ovaries with a more or less distinct style, although not so long as the capsule, 88 Roxburgh described it; the leaves are serrate, and the petioles are mostly less than 1 cm. long. The specimens mentioned above may represent the typical S. tetra- sperma, which seems to be widespread in the subtropical and tropical parts of India and probably also in the Malayan peninsula, but does not, T believe, occur In Himalaya, expecially not between eastern Nepal and Kashmir, nor in China. Besides the following variety there is mentioned a var. 8 pubescens Lindley sub No. 37074 of Wallich’s Catalogue. By the kindness of the Keeper of the Herba- rium of the Royal Garden, Kew, Dr. O. Stapf, to whom 1 take this occasion to express my very best thanks for his kind help, the Arnold Arboretum has received à photograph of Wallich's No. 3707, showing very poor sterile specimens which were referred to our species by Andersson in 1851. Salix tetrasperma, var. suaveolens Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 41 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vl. 2 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 193 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 627 (1888). Saliz suaveolens Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 491 (1851). 1 Different authors have given different names to these glands. A. Kerner in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. X. 37 (Niederéstr. Weid.) (1860) uses the word “ in- nere (interna)" for the gland between the flower and the rachis of the catkin. By von Seemen and other authors this gland, which is always developed, is name ‘ postica.” The gland between the flower and the bract, which is present only in some groups of species, has been named “ externa ” or “ antica," but Lundstrom and other authors use the terms antica and postica in the opposite sense. . propose the names ventralis for the gland between rachis and flower, and dorsalis for the gland between flower and bract. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 95 INDIA. Rajputana: near Adjmir (Ajmere), March 9-13, 1832, V. Jacque- mont (No. 96, type, c", ex Andersson). According to the description this variety is a quite glabrous tree, only the rhachis of the aments, the bracts and filaments being densely hairy. Not haying seen the type or Huegel’s No. 526 from the northwestern Himalaya, cited by Andersson in 1860, I do not know whether it is a good variety or only a form of S. tetrasperma. Huegel's specimen may belong to a different variety or to another species from a different geographical region. Wight (Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. VI. 6, t. 1954 [1853]) figures a form of S. tetrasperma with the bract of the c? and 9 flowers slightly dentate at the apex. The same char- acter is found on plate 302, fig. 13-14 in Beddome's Fl. Sylv. S. Ind. V1. 302 (1874). The bracts of the c? flowers, fig. 11-12 of this plate, are entire. Bed- dome's figures 1-10 represent S. ichnostachya Lindley, and only fig. 13-17 belong to S. tetrasperma. 2. Salix pyrina Wallich apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, etl is V1. 4 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 192 ? Salix disperma D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 58 (1825). Saliz tetrasperma, var. pyrina Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 41 (1860). — Hooke f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 627 (pro parte) (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 6 (1906). INDIA. Nepal: without precise locality, 1821, N. Wallich (No. 3705, type of S. pyrina, à); without precise locality, G. S. Perrotet (apparently d" co-type, ex Andersson); without precise locality, F. Hamilton (type of S. disperma, ex Don). This species differs from the typical S. tetrasperma Roxburgh in its more tomen- tose young branchlets, leaves and petioles which are glabrous on the fruiting branchlets of S. tetrasperma, and in its entire or nearly entire leaves, which seem to be grayish and not very glaucous beneath. In the shape of the bracts and of the cap- Sules there seems to be no real difference. The ¢ plant is unknown to me, as I have seen only Wallich’s type by the kindness of the Keeper of the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew. The fruiting aments have short leafy peduncles and are from 6 to 8 em. long; the leaves are up to 11 cm. long and to 3.3 cm. wide; the peti- oles are from 5 to 9 mm. in length. ; 2 According to the description I believe that S. disperma D. Don is the same species. Don's types were collected in Nepal by Hamilton and Wallich. 3. Salix Mesnyi Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 38 (1882). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Sec: XXVI, 531 (pro parte) (1809). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Mise, Inform. - Ser. X. 255 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1913). CHINA. Eoia e An aes fl. Cantonensis,” January 1870, T. Sampson (9 type); Kwangsi: “juxta fl. Liang-fung,” June 1879, W. Mesny (No. 16446, Herb. Hance; 9 type). 4 By the kindness of Dr. Rendle, I have been able to see flowers and a photograp of both the types from the collection in the British Museum. The c" flowers “sy 6 stamens which are finely hairy at the base. There are two rectangular ne glands two-thirds shorter than the somewhat obovate obtuse bract which is nearly glabrous on the outer surface, short-villose within and ciliate on the margins. The fruit does not show any remnants of a style or stigmas. The oblong ovary is glabrous, on a pedicel of about one-third the length of the ovary and ho oye longer than the gland. There is only one ventral gland which seems y ] 2 e same shape as that in sect. Tetraspermae; the bracts appear to be deciduous. This species has large leaves. It seems to be absent from central China. I do not 96 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA know if any of the specimens referred to it by Burkill belong to this species ex- cept the types. 4. Salix araeostachya Schneider, n. sp. Saliz tetrasperma Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 533 (pro parte, non Rox- burgh) (1899). Frutex 2.5 m. altus v. arbor usque ad 6.5 m. alta; ramuli hornotini plus minusve tomentelli, annotini glabri, purpureo-brunnei. Folia juvenilia (plantae floriferae) ovato- v. obovato-lanceolata, basi acuta v. obtusa, apice sensim v. pleraque subito breviter v. longius acuminata v. breviter caudata, margine breviter glanduloso- serrata, rarius subintegra, supra facie sparse, costa densius villosula, cito glabre- scentia, subtus initio satis dense breviter sericea, mox glabriuscula, concoloria V. glaucescentia, adulta (plantae fructiferae) glaberrima, crasse papyracea, laete viridia, utrinque concoloria (v. glaucescentia, fide Henry), nitidula, supra distinc- tius quam subtus nervosa, tenuissime reticulata, nervis lateralibus angulo 45-70 8 costa divergentibus satis parallelis circiter (2-)3 pro 1 cm., distincte v. obscure crenato-serrata, minora circiter 6 cm. longa et 2.5 cm. lata, majora usque ad 12 cm. longa et ad 3.5-4 cm. lata; petioli initio tomentelli, mox glabri, purpurascentes, 1-1.5 em. longi, supra sulcati, sulco saepissime puberulo, eglandulosi; stipulae satis parvae, semicordatae, puberulae, vix glanduloso-denticulatae, caducae. Amenta coetanea, florifera peduneulis 1-2 cm. longis foliolis 2-3 parvis instructis suffulta; c cylindrica, laxiflora, 4-8 em. longa, circiter 0.8 cm. crassa, breviter villosa; flores subverticillati; stamina 5(-6), bracteis aequilonga v. duplo longiora, bast pilosa, antheris ovato-rotundis flavis; bracteae late ovato-rotundae, viridi-flavae, intus margineque villosae, extus plus minusve glabrae; glandulae duae, similes, obovatae, apice incisae v. interdum pluripartitae, forma irregularia. Amenta ? cylindrica, tenuia, laxiflora, rhachi villosa, 5-8 em. longa, circiter 0.8 em. crassa; flores glabri pedicellati; ovaria basi ovata, apicem versus attenuata pedicello paullo v. 1$ longiora; pedicelli glandulam unam latam apice obtusam v. rotundam Y. incisam 3-4-plo superantes; stylus subnullus; stigmata brevia subbifida, obovata; bracteae pedicello sub- v. aequilongae, interdum breviores, late obovatae V. 18 florum g simillimae, sed saepissime utrinque villosae, nervosae. Amenta fructifera longius pedunculata (ad 3.5 em.), foliis majoribus iis ramulorum sterilium similibus, ad 10 em. longa et 1.7 em. crassa, minus pilosa; fructus 7-9 mm. longi pedicellis in- clusis glandula marcida subamplectente circiter 4-5-plo et bracteis remanentibus interdum duplo longioribus. CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 9338, type d tree 6.5 m. tall); same locality, alt. 1600 m., near water, A. Henry (No. 9338° 9 co-type, 93384; tree 1.5-3.5 m. tall; with fruits); same locality, southeastern moun- tain forests, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 11250; tree 3 m. tall; 9). This species certainly is very nearly related to S. tetrasperma Roxburgh, but the & flowers of that species have 8-9 stamens. As long as the Indian forms are clearly limited, it seems better to keep those from China distinct. The g' flowers of S. araeostachya Schneider do scarcely differ from those of S. Kusanoi Schneider, but the leaves of the Formosan plant have a different pubes- cence, shape, serration and reticulation. The specific name is derived from dpatés, slender, and eráyvs, spike. 5. Salix Balansaei Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. LVII. 44 (1897). QU MALE. Repesine: Hanoi, near the lake, December 1890, B. pori . A ; 9; tree 4-5 m., ex von Seemen); same locality, Au 1 i Balansa (No. 4753; sterile, ex von Seemen). h eget According to the description this species seems most nearly related to S. tetra- SALICACEAE. — SALIX 97 sperma Roxburgh as understood by me, as that species may be planted through- out the tropical regions of that part of the world. Unfortunately I have not seen any of the above-mentioned specimens. The c plant is still unknown. 6. Salix ichnostachya Lindley apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 488 (1851). — Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. V1. 6, t. 1953 (1853). — Hooker L5 Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 628 (1888). — Talbot, Trees Bombay, ed. 2, 336 (1902); Forest Fl. Bombay, 11. 539 (1911). — Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay, U1. pt. 4, 662 (1907). Saliz tetrasperma, var. ichnostachya Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 41 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1. 3 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 193 (1868). Salix tetrasperma Beddome, Fl. Sylv. S. Ind. IL. 302, t. 302 (exclud. fig. 11- 17) (non Roxburgh) (1874). INDIA. Pondicherry: near Karikal, 1836, G. S. Perrotet (type, ex An- dersson); Mysore: Shevary Hills (ex Wight); Madras Presidency: Madras, near Salem (ex Wight; probably the same as Wallich, Cat. No. 3702, ex Herb. Wight, of which I have seen a photograph); Assam: Khasi, “ reg. trop. 2-4000 . Ped," J. D. Hooker& T. Thomson (c? and 9 specimens ex Herb. Ind. Or., distributed 88 S. tetrasperma). The plant from Khasia which I take for this species agrees very well with Wight's description and plate. The ovaries are hairy and the pedicels shorter than the bracts. There are only 3 or 4 stamens in the c? flowers, while Wight’s plate shows 5 stamens and Andersson says: “ stamina octo." There may occur in India different species of Saliz of this section with pubescent ovaries, and a critical study could only be made with a large amount of material. The tree Willows in the tropical and subtropical parts of India and eastern Asia Seem to be widely spread by planting, and it is therefore difficult to fix the limits of their geographical distribution. T. Salix tonkinensis Seemen, in Bot. Jahrb. XXI. Beibl. LIII. 53 (1896). INDO-CHINA. Tongking: near Tu Fap, in swamps, December 1887, A. Balansa (No. 3787; tree 2-5 m. tall, ex von Seemen); Notre Dame (Black River), behind the rock, A. Balansa (No. 3788, ex von Seemen). ; : In the grayish brown pubescence of the twigs and leaves this species seems to resemble S. Kusanoi Schneider, but the capsules are loosely hairy and there 18 only one gland as in S. tetrasperma Roxburgh. For other characters see the keys 9n p. 74 and p. 86. 8. Salix Dunnii Schneider, n. sp. ? Saliz tetrasperma Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 255 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (non Roxburgh) (1912). 98 . WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA subamplectentem 4-5plo superantes; stigmata parva, subsessilia; bracteae late ovatae, subacutae, laxe villosulae, pedicello vix aequilongae v. deciduae. CHINA. Fokien: without locality, Dunn's Exped. to central Fokien, April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. No. 3509; with fruits). This specimen is named S. tetrasperma Roxburgh in the Hongkong Herbarium. 1t seems to belong to this section, but differs widely from all the other species in its small leaves. Without having seen young 9 and also c' flowers the real relation- ship of the new species cannot be established. S. tetrasperma Dunn & Tutcher from Kwangtung, “muddy banks of the Canton River; Shekmun near Canton," may be our new species. Sect. 2. PENTANDRAE Dumortier, in Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. Y. 58 (Verh. Geslacht Wilgen, 17) (1825). — Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 416 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Frut. Brit. III. 1503 (1838). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 30 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 2 (1868). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 15 (1903). Saliz, sect. Lucidae Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vl. 30 (Mo- nog. Salic.) (1867). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. FL. IV. 56 (1908). Arbores v. frutices alti. Folia pleraque magna, lanceolata v. ovalia, saepissime acuminata, iis sectionis 1 similia, juvenilia saepe viscosa; petioli saepe glanduliferi. Amenta œ subpraecocia v. coetanea, satis densiflora, floribus pleiandris, glan- dulis duobus ut in sect. 1, bracteis concoloribus; amenta 9 floresque ut in sect. l; glandulae duae, distinctae! 9. Salix dictyoneura Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 275, t. 6, IL. fig. A-D (1900). CHINA. Southeastern Szech'uan: Nan-ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1511, type; with fruits). I have seen only a photograph and one leaf of the type specimen of this species. According to the author S. dictyonéura belongs to sect. Safsaf; he describes the glands as follows: “glandula brevi stipitem 6-plo longiorem amplectente bi- partita parte postica lata integra parte antica tripartita." To me it seems al- ways very difficult to form an opinion from withered glands of fruiting specimens. - It would be a very peculiar fact if an African species like Salix safsaf F orskal had 8 MN central China. I suppose that S. dictyoneura stands very near S. Wil- ii Seemen. 10. Salix Wilsonii Seemen. See p. 40. 11. Salix glandulosa Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXI. Beibl. LIII. p. 55 (1896); XXIX. 276 (1900); Salic. Jap. 22, t. 1, fig. A-F (1903). — Léveillé in B Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 208 (1904). — Pavolini in. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 439 (1908). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 214 (Fl. Kor. 1D (1911). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 87 (1913). Saliz triandra, var. vulgaris Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 276 (1900). NLIS Shensi: Ko lu pa, June 1890-96, G. Giraldi (No. 1158; ex VOR * The typical S. pentandra Linnaeus has a ventral gland which is higher than vinee d does not embrace the pedicel, while in S. glandulosa Seemen and other les this gland is very similar to the ventral d of the first section. Thes Species may probably be better referred to a seal co merid ; titre t SALICACEAE. — SALIX 99 NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Chung-shan, June 1887, O. Warburg (No. 6522; ex von Seemen); * Kyoeng-san, circa Tai-ku, Na-Tong, Chang-chyoeng,” T. Uchiyama (ex Nakai). See my remarks under S. Wilsonii Seemen and also under S. eucalyptoides Meyer. The following variety probably represents a distinct species. ( Salix glandulosa, var. Warburgii Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 88 1913). Saliz Warburgii Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. LVI. 43 (1892). — Bur- killin Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 534 (1899). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 394 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). Saliz Mesnyi Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 306 (Mat. Fl. Formos.) (non Hance) (1911). CHINA. Northern Formosa: Sintiam, January 1888, O. Warburg (No. 10201, type; 9; No. 10203; c' type, ex von Seemen); Tai-peh Fu, January 1888, Warburg (No. 10202; 9, ex von Seemen); same locality, secus aquas Taipeh, April 30, 1903, U. Faurie (No. 519); Kelung, January 1888, O. Warburg (ex von See- men); without locality, 1864 (R. Oldham No. 509). A I have seen only Oldham’s and Faurie’s specimens which represent old fruiting branches on which 1 could find no indication of dorsal glands. 12. Salix eucalyptoides F. N. Meyer in litt., n. sp. ; Arbor, ut videtur satis magna, pulchra, trunco cortice albo tecto; ramuli elon- gati, glabri, fusco-brunnei, vetustiores purpurascentes, subpruinosi. Folia adulta (juvenilia nondum visa) lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, utrinque acuta, supra Viridia, subtus glaucescentia v. albescentia, interdum in sicco utrinque pallida, glaberrima, costa utrinque distincte flava v. brunnea, nervis lateralibus utrinque paulo distinctis tenuibus sub 45-60° a costa divergentibus 2-3 pro 1 cm., margine integra v. versus apicem breviter denticulato-serrata, 4-6.5 em. longa, 1.2-2 em. lata, v. maxima ad 7 em. longa et ad 2.3 em. lata; petioli glabri, 4-6 mm. longi. Amenta (tantum fructifera visa) pedunculos ad 2 em. longos glabros foliis parvis normalibus praeditos terminantia, glabra, 4—4.5 em. longa, vix 1 cm. crassa, laxi- flora; capsulae pedicellis inclusis circiter 5 mm. longae, glabrae, oblongo-ellipticae, angustae, pedicellis circiter 4-5-plo brevioribus glandulam unam ventralem latam subamplectentem 3-4-plo superantibus suffultae, stigmatibus ut videtur sessili- ibus brevibusque coronatae ; bracteae non visae, deciduae. ; NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: by streams, mountains 12 hours cst of Harbin by railroad, August 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent (slender tree; sterile) ores "E without locality, valleys, August 14, 1906, F. N. Meyer (type; very fine Tee, white bark; with fruits). : a note accompanying his photograph (No. 5225 of the collection of the vict Partment of Agriculture) from North Korea, August 16, 1906, which shows a 100 of this Willow, Mr. Meyer says: “ A remarkably tall willow, growing from “OM dis- feet tall. Has, when young, a bark covered with white bloom; when older, t um appears and the bark becomes shaggy like that of an Eucalyptus. If not yet war , Saliz eucalyptoides would be very appropriate.” It may be the same as S. glandu- losa of von Seemen and Nakai from Korea and seems to be a well marked species. It chiefly differs from S. glandulosa Seemen in its narrower lanceolate often pase leaves which are acute at the base and apparently bear no glands on the pa ^ The fruits are narrow-elliptical (not ovate), and the pedicel is ah, SM The only gland I have seen has the same shape as those of S. tetrasperma xburgh, and it may belong to sect. Tetraspermae near S. Dunnii Schneider. The ipe imen collected by Professor Sargent is a sterile one, but it is very like Meyer's plant. 100 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 13. Salix Kusanoi Schneider, n. sp. Salix Oldhamiana Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. suppl. 90 (non Miquel) (1896). Salix tetrasperma Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 530 (pro parte, non Rox- burgh) (1899). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 395 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). Saliz tetrasperma, var. Kusanoi Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 307 (Mat. Fl. Formos.) (1911). Arbor 3-6 m. alta; ramuli hornotini praecipue apice cinereo- et brunneo-sericeo- villosi, annotini vetustioresque glabri, purpurascentes; gemmae ovato-conicae, subglabrae, purpureae. Folia ovata v. ovato-elliptica, basi rotunda v. obtusa, Ta- rius subaurita, apice acuta v. saepius satis subito longe acuminata, caudata, supra saturate viridia, ad costam fulvo-sericea, subtus pallidiora, initio dense fulvo- et griseo-sericea, deinde tantum ad costam pilosa, utrinque distincte nervosa, sed vix reticulata, nervis angulo 45-60? a costa divergentibus angustis parallelis 3-4 pro 1 cm., margine grossius dense glanduloso-crenato-serrata, minora 4-6 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata, maxima usque ad 10 cm. longa et ad 3.8 cm. lata; petioli 5-9 mm. longi, superne in sulco pilosi, eglandulosi; stipulae parvae, ovato-lanceolatae, ca- ducissimae. Amenta subpraecocia, c? pedunculis 5-10 mm. longis foliolis parvis lanceolatis 2-3 instructis suffulta, 5-6 cm. longa et 0.6 em. crassa, sublaxiflora, vil- losa; flores 5-6-andri; filamenta basi pilosa bracteis vix v. duplo longiora, antheris ovalibus flavis; bracteae late ovato-rotundae, intus villosae, ciliatae, extus plus minusve glabrae; glandula ventralis late ovata, apice rotunda, saepe lobulata, dorsalis vix minor, saepissime distinctius lobata. Amenta 9 (fructifera) pedun- culis c? simillimis vix longioribus suffulta, circiter 3 cm. longa et 1 em. lata, rhachi villosa; flores ignoti; fructus glabri, brevipedicellati, densi; pedicelli glandulis circiter duplo longiores ovariis circiter 5-plo breviores; ovaria ovato-cylindrica, 3—4 mm. longa, apice stigmatibus brevibus subsessilibus coronata; glandula ventralis lata, superne subemarginata; dorsalis paulo minor, sublobulata; bracteae cellis duplo longiores, iis lorum c similes, extus distinctius pilosae. CHINA. Formosa: Tamsui, A. Henry (No. 1404; c^; No. 1473, sterile), creek, February 24, A. Henry (No. 1068*; tree 3-5 m. tall; with fruits), May 8, A. Henry (No. 10685; with old fruits); Ta kao, bank of creek far in (3 miles), July 15, A. Henry (No. 1068; tree 3-5 m. tall; with fruits); Banchoryo, 1909, S. Kusano (type of var. Kusanoi, ex Hayata). This species is readily distinguished by the brownish pubescence of its young — parts, the coarsely serrate multi-nerved leaves, the short fruiting catkins, and by the nervation of its old leaves. It appears to be nearly related to S. tonkinensis men or to some of those forms of S. tetrasperma Roxburgh of which I have not yet been able to see sufficient material. 14. Salix Maximowiczii Komarovin Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 442 (1901); XXII. 25, t. 1 (Fl. Mansh. IL.) (1903); XXV. 813 (1907). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sei. Tokyo, XXXI. (Fl. Kor. 11.) 214 (1911). $ NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: “in montibus Zatan-ien secus rivulos 2 regione fl. Jalu,” June 28, 1897 (type, ex Komarov); “in monte des Diamants, June 24, 1906, U. Faurie (No. 177). According to von Seemen (Salic. Jap. 25 [1903]) this species is the same a5 8. cardiophylla Trautvetter, see p. 103, which is not mentioned either by Komarov or by Nakai, although Komarov says (1907) that S. Maximowiczii is a very 0H- ferent species. The plant collected by Faurie agrees very well with Komarov's description and plate. The ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate leaves measure UP to SALICACEAE. — SALIX 101 12 em. in length and to 3.3 em. in width. The fruiting aments of the type are without the leafy peduncle and are from 10-14 cm. long and 1 em. thick, while Faurie's specimen shows only a part of one catkin. The fruits possess a distinct deeply bifid ventral gland; the dorsal gland is very small or wanting. The pedicel is nearly three times as long as the gland and about a quarter the length of the nar- row ovate ovary. Komarov does not mention the style or stigma. 1 have seen only the remnant of a short but distinct, deeply bifid style with narrowish bifid stigmas. The leaves become black in drying, and in their nervation resemble more those of S. Kusanoi Schneider than those of S. pentandra Linnaeus. 15. Salix pentandra Linnaeus, Spec. 1016 (1753). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXI. 179 (1903). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 27 (Fl. Mansh. 11.) (1904). — Schneider, Jil. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 30, fig. 12 f-f!, 18 d-h (1903). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. Irel. VIL. 1745 (1913). — Moss, Cam- bridge Brit. Fl. IL. 15, t. 18 (1914). For additional synonyms see von Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mit- teleur. Fl. IV. 62 (1908). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Amur: Amur River, 1855, R. Maack (No. 207). I have seen only this one specimen from northeastern Asia. Komarov, l. c., says: “ A clar. Korshinskio in provincia Amurensi ad pagum Tambovka solum adhuc collecta." Wolf, 1. c., mentions “ Kamtschatka (Stubendorff; Lubarski; Peters)" Von Seemen keeps “ S. bracteosa Turczaninow in Herb. Hort. Petrop," a synonym of S. pentandra, while Wolf refers this form to S. macrolepis Trautvetter. S. pentandra has very smooth leaves and densely flowered c? catkins. The dorsal gland of the 9 flowers is often very small or even wanting. The pedicel of the fruit is not much longer than the ventral gland, and the style is rather long and often bifid at the apex. The stigmas of the type are rather short and broad. See also Wolf, in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 17, t. 2, fig. 12-13, t. 3, fig. 1-10 (Mam. H3yx. Hes Espon. Pocc.) (1900). In Maack’s specimen the bracts of the female flowers show several small glandular teeth at the end. The ventral glands of both the sexes are mostly deeply cleft. 16. Salix paraplesia Schneider. See p. 40. 17. Salix dodecandra Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LII. 141 (1905); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 181 (1915). i NE Kweichau: Pin-fa, March 22, 1902, J. Cavalérie (No. 1317, ype; g). Through the kindness of the author, the Arboretum has received some and 9 flowers of this species. The à? flowers have only 5 stamens (not 12 as Léveillé says) which are hairy at the base. The bracts are ovate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, and in one ament glabrous with the exception of some hairs near the base within, while in a second ament they are shortly pubescent on both surfaces. Thee ste two different glands forming a nearly 4-lobed disc, the lateral lobes being c uni stinet. The 9 flowers are nearly the same as those of S. Wilsonii Seemen, p^ 4 stigmas are raised on a rather short but distinct style somewhat like that of S. pentandra Linnaeus. There are also two glands, of which the dorsal one is a little S-lobed. This species needs further investigation. 18. Salix Cavaleriei Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, A ona $ Salix polyandra Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Agric. Sct. Sarthe, . (sér. 2, XXX 325 (non Weigel, nec Gleditsch !) (1904); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. V1. 377 (1909); in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV1. 300 (1909). 1 A. Toepffer (Sched. Salic. Ezsicc. Fasc. III. 70 [1908]) gives an exact account of the earlier S. Bose This name was first used by Wilcke (1765) apparently 162 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix Pyi Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 300 (1909). Salix yunnanensis Léveillé, l.c. 301 (1909). Salix tetrasperma Diels in Not. Bot. Gart. Edinburgh, VIL. 91 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (non Roxburgh) (1912). CHINA. Yunnan: “ environs de Yunnan-sen, bord des canaux dans la plaine," February 15, 1897, E. Bodinier (No. 65; type of S. polyandra; tree; c? and 9); same locality, “ pagode de He-long-tan," March 19, 1905, April 11, 1906, F. Du- cloux (Nos. 658, 669; 9 type of S. Cavaleriei); same locality, “ vallons de Tchong- Chan," February 21, 1906, F. Duclouz (à type of S. Pyi); same locality, “ plaines," April 4, 1906, F. Duclouz (No. 653; g type of S. yunnanensis); Li chiang fu, plain, alt. 2500 m., lat. 26? 50’, May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2033; 9). By the kindness of Mgr. Léveillé I have flowers of his different types except those of S. yunnanensis, of which I have seen only one leaf. There seems to be no difference in the 9 and g' flowers of the different types. The c flowers have from 8-12 stamens and a somewhat five-lobed dise. The bracts are ovate-deltoid, rather acute, distinctly pubescent on the inner surface and on the margin and often gla- brous on the outer surface. The 9 flowers have sessile stigmas, glabrous ! ovaries, and are distinctly stalked with pedicels from one-half to three-fifths as long as the ovaries. The bracts are like those of the c^ flowers, only in S. Cavaleriei Léveillé they are obtuse or even truncate at the apex. There are two glands: the ventral is broad and low, embracing the base of the pedicel; the dorsal is 2- or 3-lobed in S. Cavaleriei Léveillé and S. polyandra Léveillé, but it is simple and rather large in Forrest's plant which might represent a variety. An apparently nearly related species is S. anisandra Léveillé et Vaniot (in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. UT. 22 [1906]. — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 [1915]), the type of which was collected by J. Esquirol in Kweichou at Pia Fong, March 1905 (No. 362; à]. It has from 10 to 12 stamens and orbicular-ovate, obtuse and nearly glabrous bracts. The two glands seem to be more distinctly separated. This spe- cies needs further observation. 19. Salix macrolepis Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 371 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. Yl. 98 (1856). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 52, t. 3, fig. 33 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 213 (1868), ut videtur pro parte. — Glehn in Beitr. Kennt. Russ. Reich. XXV. 211 (1868); in Act. Hort. Petrop. IV. 81 (?) (1875). — Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, XII. 172 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). — Herder in Act. To Pee XI. 400 (pro parte) (1891). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XX1. 48 Salix bracteosa Turczaninow, Pl. Ezsicc., sed ut videtur non apud Trautvetter in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 77 (Fl. Ochot.) (1856), quoad specim. prope Udskoi lectum. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: “in virgultis subalpinis Da- huriae" N . Turczaninow (type, ex Turczaninow); “ad flumen Selenga prope Werchne-Udinsk,” N. Turczaninow (ex Andersson et Wolf). Amur: Stanovoi as à nomen nudum, while Weigel (Fl. Pomerano-Rugica, 80 [1769]) first describes it- This S. polyandra is the same as S. polyandra Bray (in Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. I. pt. 2, 41, t. 1 (1818]), namely, the hybrid between S. pentandra Linnaeus and S. fragilis Linnaeus. S. polyandra Gleditsch (Syst. Einl. Forstwissensch. IL. 4 [1779]) is only a synonym of S. pentandra Linnaeus. „+ In Fedde, 1. c. (1909), the description is: “ ovariis fusiformibus, pubescentibus, vix pedicellatis.” This must be a mistake. Lydius SALICACEAE. — SALIX 103 Mountains, Fr. Schmidt (ex Andersson). Saghalien: “im Arkaithal," May 27, 1891, P. von Glehn (ex Schmidt et fide Wolf); without locality, Fr. Schmidt (in Herb. Gray). This is a very interesting species with rather small and slender catkins and narrow leaves which are nearly entire in Schmidt’s plant from Saghalien. Neither the c nor the 9 flowers of this specimen have any glands. Further information is given in the key, pp. 75 and 85. Sect. 3. URBANIANAE Seemen, Salic. Jap. 15 (emend.) (1903). A sectione praecedente praecipue differt foliis tamen majoribus, saepe basi sub- cordatis, ovariis (capsulisque) sessilibus v. brevipedicellatis, glabris v. tomentosis, stylis distinctis bipartitis (in S. populifolia Andersson nullis), stigmatibus bifidis elongatis angustis. 20. Salix Urbaniana Seemen, Salic. Jap. 24, t. 1, c-r. (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr.-Bot. ser. 3, XIV. 208 (1904); XVI. 151 (1906). : JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, west end of Lake Chuzenji, forming woods, June 1, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6775; tree 8-16 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5 m., bark gray, fissured, branches erect, spreading; 7); Nikko, June 3, 1894, M. Shirai (No. 33, ex von Seemen); “prov. Nambu, in subalpinis ad rivulos,” 1865, Tschonoski (No. 4, Maximowicz, Iter Sec.; type; 9); prov. Mutsu, Aomori, “in petrosis torrentum," June 1902, U. Faurie (No. 507, tree 7-8 m.; with fruits); Same prov., July 29, 1910 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with fruits). Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Mazimowiez (No. 2, fruiting co-type); prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May 14 and 18, 1890 and 1891, October 5 and 15, 1890, Y. Tokubuchi (7 and €); same locality, August 21, 1905, J. G. Jack (with fruits); same locality secus torrentes," June 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 251, c^; 252, 9); prov. Kushiro, July 21, 1910 (with fruits). , This is a striking Willow with its large leaves bluish white beneath, its long cat- kins and its silvery fruits. Sterile branchlets often resemble those of S. Caprea Linnaeus, but the adult leaves of S. Urbaniana are nearly or quite glabrous, their serration is rather regular, the petioles are comparatively longer, the stipules are more obtuse and the buds are acute and compressed, not obtuse and thick as in S. Caprea. For further remarks see S. cardiophylla Trautvetter & Meyer. This and the closely allied S. cardiophylla grow to a greater size than any other illows of eastern peo Both grow boi 20 to 25 m. tall and have a thick trunk from 6 to 8 m. in girth with deeply fissured bark and massive spreading branches, and in general appearance suggest Populus Mazimowiczii Henry. S. Urbaniana is common on the shores of Lake Chuzenji, especially at the western end. Elsewhere in Japan from Mt. Ontake in Shinano province in central Hondo and northward I found it growing sparingly in mountain valleys. In Hokkaido it is more abun- t, and some fine specimens are growing in the park in the city of Sapporo. Pictures of this Willow will be found under Nos. x303, x372, x373 of the col- lection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W. 21. Salix cardiophylla Trautvetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1. Pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 77, t. 19, 20 a-i (FI. Ochot.) (1856). — Regel & Tiling in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. X1. 117 (Fl. Ajan.) (1858). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl.V1.37,t.3, fig. 25 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. Pt. 2, 207 (1868). — Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, XII. 172 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. Xl. 399 (1891). — Wolf in Act. Hort, Petrop. XX1. 47 (1903). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. 161, t. 2 (1904). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 97 (1913). 104 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: “ad fl. Polowinnaja, prope oppid. Udskoi,” June 7, 1844, A. T. von Middendorff (type, c^, ex Trautvetter & Meyer); “ ad sinum Ujakon," August 23, September 1, 1844, A. T. von Middendorff (co-type, ex Trautvetter & Meyer; with fruits); near Ajan, H. Tiling (ex Regel & Tiling). Amur: Stanowoi Mountains, July 1860, Fr. Schmidt (ex Andersson et Wolf). Saghalien: Konuma, moors, not common, August 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7332; tree 13-17 m. tall, girth 2.1-3 m., bark gray, deeply furrowed, branches thick, spreading; sterile); im Thal des Baches von Adugiwo," July 5, 1860 (with fruits; ex Schmidt). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Tokatsi (ex Koidzumi); Hondo: prov. Echigo, Simizutoge (ex Koidzumi); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko (ex Koidzumi). According to Shirai's plate this species must be most closely related to S. Urba- niana Seemen, which may represent only a variety with sessile hairy ovaries. I have not been able yet to compare any type specimens, and the figures of Trautvetter & Meyer as well as Wolf’s description are somewhat different from these Japanese forms, of which I have not seen the specimens mentioned by Koidzumi. The following specimens may represent the true S. cardiophylla or à variety of S. Urbaniana Seemen with short-stalked, more or less or wholly glabrous ovaries and fruits. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, “ secus torrentes," June 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 253); * in arena rivorum Kamikawa," July 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6643); without precise locality, August 21, 1905, J. G. Jack; Sapporo, May 20, 1885 (Agric. College). Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, road to Lake Chuzenji, Sept. 3, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 6-38 m.). This Willow, which in general appearance and size is similar to S. Urbaniana Seemen, 1 met with only in Saghalien in the neighborhood of Toyohara. The bark on the branches is smooth and pale gray and on the trunk it is gray and deeply fissured. E. H. W. 22. Salix angiolepis Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 22 (1906); in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 297 (1909); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (1915). CHINA. Kweichau: Pin-fa, 1903, J. Cavalerie (No. 2069, type; d"). By the kindness of Mgr. Léveillé, I have received a small branchlet of the type of this very interesting species. Unfortunately the material was collected when the flowers were very young and not yet fully developed; and it seems best to give the following description of what I have seen: z Ramuli novelli dense albo-tomentosi, vetustiores subglabri, nigrescentes. Folia valde juvenilia supra plus minusve subtus dense albo-sericeo-tomentosa, ut videtur ovato-oblonga basi subacuta, apice breviter acuminata, margine integra (v. serraturi nondum evolutis), nervis nondum visibilibus, ad 2 em. longa et 0.5-0.8 cm. lata; petioli breves, sed distincti, circiter 3 mm. longi, cano-villosi. Amenta c valde juvenilia, pedunculos breves foliis 2-3 parvis lanceolatis instructos villosos ter- minantia, cylindriea, densiflora, usque 3 em. longa et 0.3-0.5 cm. crassa, rhachi tomentosa; flores ut videtur nondum satis evoluti, staminibus 5-6 (-8, ex Léveillé) filamentis brevissimis (an basi villosis?), antheris ovalibus flavis (interdum non- dum satis evolutis); glandulae 2, ut videtur pseudodiscum lobulatum formantes; bracteae late ovatae, apice subtruncatae, interdum denticulatae, in sicco nigres- centes, nervatae, concolores, basi utrinque distincte albo-villosae, ceterum sparse pilosae (haud glabrae) et ciliatae, stamina circiter duplo superantes. As far as I can judge from the young flowers and leaves, this plant apparently belongs in the sect. Urbanianae. It certainly is an interesting Willow, but needs further investigation. The flora of Kweichau seems to contain a number of Spana SALICACEAE. — SALIX 105 distinct species of Saliz, closely related to those of Hupeh and Szech’uan, although different in several respects. 23. Salix populifolia Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 494 (Ost-Ind. Pilarter) (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 48 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1. 6, t. 1, fig. 5 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 194 (1868). INDIA. Without precise locality, G. S. Perrotet & V. Jacquemont (ex Andersson). This seems to be a curious species which was not mentioned by Hooker in his Flora of British India. According to the author the large ovate-acuminate leaves are from 5 to 10 cm. long and from 2.5 to 5 cm. broad, with petioles up to 2.5 em. in length. They are scarcely paler beneath and show a distinct reticulation. The catkins and the capsules are almost sessile. There is no style and the stigmas are deeply divided. Sect. 4. ACMOPHYLLAE Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1.7 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 195 (1868). Saliz, sect. Orientales Andersson, 1. c. (nomen solum) (1867 et 1868). Arbores v. frutices elati. Folia anguste lanceolata, acutissima, integra v. obsolete remote glanduloso-denticulata, subtus glaucescentia, crassiuscula, laevia. Amenta us Sect. Tetraspermae similia; flores c? pleiandri, glandulis 2; ovaria v. capsulae distincte pedicellata, glabra, stylo brevi v. nullo, stigmatibus brevibus emarginatis; glandula una, lata v. partita. . 24. Salix dealbata Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 472 (1851); In Jour. Linn. Soc. 1V.43 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 8 (Monog. Salic.) (1867). ? Saliz glaucophylla Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 474 ae j in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 43 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. - 8 (Monog. Salic.) (1867). ? Salix urophylla Lindies 2 Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 487 (1851). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 5 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 194 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 637 (1888). ? Saliz tetrasperma,** urophylla Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 41 (1860). ? Salix acmophylla Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 628 (pro parte) (1888). INDIA. Northwest Provinces: “inter Saharupora (Saharunpur) et pedem montium Sulir Nanka (Nankah) et Mohur (Mohun), in planitie secus torrentem ad Ghautka roure, d. 11 Aug. 182- "; V. Jacquemont (No. 3081, type of S. dealbata; 9, ex Andersson); without precise locality and without date, V. Jacquemont (No. 146, type of S. suaveolens; 9 , ex Andersson);. Oude: Kootukonnaut Forest, March 5, ae N. Wallich (No. 3708, type of S. rie : ); Kashmir: Balti, Sa- » July 13-15, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 5458; sterile). _ : - AFGHANISTAN. Without locality (No. 4505, Herb. Griffith; with o. S. Andersson and his two species referred to it as being apparent Y er Same plant or nearly related forms seem to belong to a group of species hit inten very little known. Without having seen Jacquemont’s specimens it is impossible ! This Willow is a; n ne mentioned by Jaequemont, Voy. II. 7 (1841), as: “ Une espace de oed e EM prete dud vis dans l'Inde, est commune Sur les gràves du torrent. C'est un arbre qui ressemble beaucoup, par son port, au Salir alba d'Europe." Jacquemont was at Saharunpur from April second to ninth,1830, and camped at Mohun April 11, not in August. 106 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA to interpret correctly Andersson’s species. Of Wallich’s type specimen of S. uro- phylla the Arnold Arboretum has received a photograph and some fruits by the kindness of the Keeper of the Kew Herbarium, but the material is very poor and, as already said by Hooker f., ** too incomplete to found a species upon.” According to Hooker it came “ from a plant no doubt cultivated at Oude,” while Dr. Stapf, in a letter, says that No. 3708 is “from the Kootukonnaut Forest," of which he has not been able to trace the name, ‘ but from the fact that Wallich collected 3708 on the 5th March and was at Rampur on the 27th February it is quite clear that the locality must be in the extreme northwest of Oude.” The species of sect. Acmophyllae need a very careful study. Sect. 5. TRIANDRAE Dumortier in Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. Y. 58 (Verh. Geslacht Wilgen, 17) (1825). — Borrer apud Hooker, Brit. Fl. 414 (1830); apud Loudon, Arb. Frut. Brit. 111. 1496 (1838). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 16 (1903); in Asch- erson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. YV. 57 (1908). Saliz, sect. Amygdalinae W. D. Koch, Salic. Europ. Comment. 17 (pro parte) (1828). — L. Reichenbach, in Moessler, Handb. ed. 2, III. 1753 (1829). — Andersson, in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1. 19 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XV1. pt. 2, 200 (1868). Arbores v. frutices, ramis elongatis flexilibus. Folia lanceolata, acuta, serrata, glabra v. mox glabrescentia. Amenta coetanea; flores c? glandulis duobus liberis, staminibus 3 v. pluribus; ovaria longe pedicellata, glabra, stylis nullis v. brevissi- mis, stigmatibus brevibus, glandula una. 25. Salix amygdalina Linnaeus, Spec. 1016 (1753). — W. D. Koch, Salic. Zur. 18 (1828). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1V. 74 (1908). Salix triandra Linnaeus, Spec. 1016 (1753). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 395 (1891). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXI. 52 (1903). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 30 (Fl. Mansh. 11) (1903). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. I1. 22, t. 25-26 (1914). For further synonyms and literature see Seemen, l. c., Herder, l. c., and Komarov, l. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikaliato Maritime prov. : (see Herder, l. c., Komarov, 1. c., and Wolf, 1. c.). Besides the type there is the following variety: Salix amygdalina, var. nipponica Schneider, n. comb. a Sii vica Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 495 (1875); 11. 502 Salix triandra, var. nipponica Seemen, Salic. Jap. 27. t. 2, fig. E-3 (1903). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 9, fig. 11-23 (1908). Salir Kinashii Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LIL. 141 (1905), fide Koidzumi. Salix amygdalina Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 94 (1913). CHINA. Shantung: Kiao-chao, Iltis Mountain, April 30, 1899, Nebel (ex en NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Chinnampo, September 20, 1905, J. 6 Jack (sterile). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May 23, 1892, Y. Tokubucht (c^); same locality, 1903, S. Arimoto (c^ and with fruits). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, secus aquas Hirosaki,” May 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5760; d"); Aomori “ secus SALICACEAE. — SALIX 107 aquas,” May 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5766; with fruits); same locality, May 1902, Kinashi (no. 11, type of S. Kinashii, ex Léveillé); prov. Echigo, Niigata, L. Savatier (No. 2717, co-type, ex Franchet & Savatier); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, April 21, 1900, H. Shirasawa (d); prov. Musashi, Toda, April 12, 1891, K. Watanabe (c^); same prov., “ prov. Nambu, in silvis subalpinis ad rivulos ad ipsam aquam," 1865, T'schonoski (c^; distributed sub nom. S. Oldhamiana) ; prov. Suruga, Fuji-san, October 1909, M. Koyama (sterile); prov. Sagami, “circa Yokoska," L. Savatier (No. 1139, type; ex Franchet & Savatier). According to von Seemen this variety differs from the typical S. amygdalina in the more copious pubescence of the young twigs and young leaves, the almost entire leaves of the peduncles and the denser flowered catkins. Sect. 6. FRAGILES W. D. Koch, De Salic. Europ. Comment. 13 (pro parte) (1828). — E. Fries in Syll. Pl. Nov. II. 36 (pro parte) (1828). — Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 417 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. 111. 1507 (pro parte) (1838). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 70 (1908). Saliz, sect. Subfragiles Seemen, Salic. Jap. 15 (1903). Arbores v. frutices, ramis elongatis, saepe ad insertionem fragilibus. Folia lan- ceolata, acuta, serrata; petioli saepe glanduliferi. Amenta coetanea. Flores c diandri, glandulis duobus separatis; 9 bracteis concoloribus, flavis v. flavo-brun- neis, saepe deciduis; ovaria brevipedicellata v. sessilia, glabra v. pilosa, stylis brevibus v. longioribus, stigmatibus ovatis v. angustis, glandulis duobus, dorsali interdum obsoleta. 25. Salix fragilis Linné, Spec. 1017 (1753). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 466 (1874). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 630 (1888). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 21, t. 1, fig. 8-9, t. 5, fig. 1-4 (Mam. Hay«. Hes Eepon. Pocc.) (1900). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1V. 70 (1908). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 17, t. 20-21 (1914). For further information see the keys and von Seemen, 1. c., and Wolf, l. c.- So far as I know, this species does not occur in a wild state within the limits of Our area, but may be cultivated in northern Kashmir (see Hooker f., l. c., and Brandis, 1. ¢.). 26. Salix Matsudana Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 312 (1915). ? Salix babylonica Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér.2, VII. 92 (Pl. David. I. 282) (not Linnaeus) (1884). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 526 (1899), quoad specim. Chine septentrionalis. Arbor 3.5-13 m. alta; ramuli fragiles, erecti v. pendentes, initio puberuli, mox glabri (tantum ad gemmas pilosi) olivacei v. satis flavi, vetustiores cinereo-brunnei. Folia anguste lanceolata, basi obtusa v. subrotunda, rarius acuta, apice sensim longe acuminata, margine distincte satis anguste argute glanduloso-serrata, supra laete viridia, mox glaberrima v. interdum basim versus ad costam tomentella, subtus glaucescentia v. albescentia, tantum initio laxe sericeo-villosa, mox glabra, utrinque (supra distinetius) tenuiter nervosa et tenuissime reticulata, minora acuta, circiter 5-6 cm. longa et 1.2-1.5 cm. lata, maxima acuminata, ad 8 em. longa €t ad 1.5 lata v. ad 10 cm. longa et ad 1.1 lata; petioli breves, 2-8 mm. longi, in sulco supra pilosuli; stipulae lanceolatae, breves, glanduloso-serratae, saepissime nullae. Amenta < (a cl. Wilson collecta) praecocia, breviter cylindrica, 1-1.5 cm. longa et circiter 0.6 cm. lata, pedunculis 2-3 mm. longis foliola 2 lanceolata obtusa Integra subtus paullo sericea v. glabra gerentibus, rhachi villosa; flores diandri, conferti, glandulis 2 separatis ovatis obtusis, filamentis basi pilosis, antheris ovali- 108 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA bus flavis, bracteis ovatis obtusis flavo-viridibus, plerisque tantum extus basi sericeis. Amenta 9 (plantae in Arboreto Arnoldiano cultae) coetanea, perparva, circiter 12 mm. longa, 0.4 mm. lata, pedunculis 3—5-foliatis 5 mm. longis, pilosis suffulta, rhachi villosa; folia linearia, basi acuta, apice fere acuminata, integra, sparse sericea, sed cito glabra, ad 2.5 cm. longa et 0.3 em. lata; ovaria sessilia, ob- longa, glabra, stylo nullo v. brevissimo stigmatibus separatis brevibus ovalibus sublobatis coronata; glandulae 2, ventralis ovato-oblonga, apice angustiora, satis erassa, dorsalis minima. CHINA. Chili: Tientsin, near race course (also planted everywhere between Tientsin and Peking), April 18, 1909, E. H. Wilson (c^); Peking, September 16, 1902, C. S. Sargent (large tree with pendulous branches, * the common Peking Willow" ; sterile); Peking-Nankow road, October 6, 1906, J. G. Jack i common Willow of Peking plain," large tree; sterile) Kansu: Ranshiu, April 17, 1907, E. Umemura (No. 17, type, ex Koidzumi). 4 NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: Chita, bottom lands of Chita River, August 12, 1903, C. S. Sargent (round-headed tree, 10 m. tall, bark very deeply furrowed; sterile, doubtful form with broadly ovate stipules as long as the petioles). Ussuri: Tien-shan mountains, June 9, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 54; weeping Willow, rare; with fruits). Amur: south of Harbin, common, August 24, 1903, C. S. Sargent (large handsome tree; sterile, leaves long-acuminate, up to 12:2cm.). Korea: Chinnampo, September 20, 1905, J. G. Jack (tree, probably introduced; sterile). ; Jack sent cuttings to the Arboretum, and these produced a small tree with upright branches; and this tree (No. 5737 of the Arboretum, 9 type) bore the 9 flowers described above. There are other cultivated c? plants with more pendulous branch- lets in the Arboretum, originated from cuttings sent by the Department of Agri- eulture under No. 22450 and collected in northern China, prov. Chili, near Paoting Fu, probably by F. N. Meyer on January 30, 1908 (No. 250; the ordinary Willow which grows excellently everywhere on the dry lands in northern China; needs no water supply beyond a scanty summer rainfall). There are also plants rais from cuttings sent by W. Purdom (No. 281) from northern China. After having described the specimens from Chili as a new species, No. 348 of the Tokyo Botanical Magazine has been received with the description of Koidzumi's new species which exactly agrees with the plant from Chili. ^ This species seems to be the ** Salix babylonica ” of northern China, as mentioned by Burkill and others (see S. babylonica, p. 42). S. Matsudana is easily distin- guished by its greenish or yellowish twigs, while those of S. babylonica are reddish brown or purplish. 27. Salix hamatidens Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 301 (1909). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, “ secus aquas," June 13, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 263, type; 2). TE The 9 flowers of this species very much resemble those of the true S. fragilis Linnaeus. They have a small dorsal gland, a pedicel of about the same length as the ventral gland, a short, slightly bifid style and ovate stigmas. The bracts are long This curious form looks somewhat like a hybrid between S. eriocarpa Franchet & Savatier or related forms and S. amygdalina, var. nipponica Schneider. The ovaries are glabrous. It needs further observation. 28. Salix eriocarpa Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 459 (1875); 11. 503 (1879). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 88 (pro parte) (1913). Salix dolichostyla Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. Beibl. LXVII. 39 (1901); Salic. Jap. 26, t. 2, fig. A-D (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Int. Acad. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 208 (1904); XVI. 144 (1906). SALICACEAE. — SALIX 109 JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Sagami, “ circa Hami prope Yokoska in locis inunda- tis,” L. Savatier (No. 2718, type of S. eriocarpa, ex Franchet & Savatier); Kama- kura, April 6, 1880 (No. 11, ex Bot. Inst. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, type of S. dolichostyla, ex von Seemen); prov. Mutsu, Aomori, in river valleys, May 6, 1898, U. Faurie (Nos. 1259, 1260, co-types, ex von Seemen); “in plateis Aomori," May 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6623; tree 7-8 m. tall; 7). Shikoku: prov. Tosa, Nanokawa, April 4, 1890, K. Watanabe (9 ). According to the description of the authors this species certainly is the same as S. dolichostyla Seemen, the type of which came from about the same region. It must be very nearly related to S. jessoensis Seemen, and there is a 9 specimen be- fore me from Sapporo, May 1892 (No. 51 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo), which agrees with this species in every respect but has two glands like S. eriocarpa. According to Lackschewitz (in Schedae Herb. Fl. Ross. VII. 107, No. 2255 (1911]). — Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 236 [1912]), S. mixta Korshinsky (in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 391 [1892]), is the same as S. dolichostyla Seemen. Having be- fore me ¢ and 9 specimens collected by Korshinsky “ad ostium Ussuri prope Polowinnaja," May 16, 1891 (9) and on the middle Amur, May 5, 1891 (g), I agree with Lackschewitz that S. mizta is a very similar plant, although 1 have not found a dorsalgland in the 9 flowers which according to Lackschewitz is not always present; Korshinsky does not say anything about the glands. As it is the case with other species, the dorsal gland of the 9 flowers may be sometimes wanting. Further investigation of good specimens of all these species is needed to prove whether they are connected with S. jessoensis Seemen and whether the sec- tions Fragiles and Albae can be separated by the glands in the 9 flowers or not. The ventral glands of the c flowers of S. mixta Korshinsky are variously dentate or lobulate in the specimen before me, and the dorsal gland is smaller and often entire, while Lackschewitz says: “‘nectarium duplex, internum oblongum, externum lineare." According to Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 28 (FI. Mansh.) (1903) S. mizta is a hybrid between S. purpurea Linnaeus and S. viminalis Lin- naeus, but this is certainly a mistake. Nakai (in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 215 [Fl. Kor. 11.] [1911]) mentions S. mixta from Korea. : There is another species of this section, Salix elegantissima K. Koch (in Wochen- schr. Ver. Befórd. Gartenb. Preuss. XIV. 380 [1871]; Dendr. II. pt. 2, 505 (1872]), which is supposed to have been introduced into Europe from Japan. It may repre- Sent a hybrid between S. babylonica Li and S. hondoensis Koidzumi. Von Seemen (Salic. Jap. 77 [1903]) believes S. elegantissima a hybrid between S. baby- ica and S. fragilis Linnaeus, like S. blanda Andersson (in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 50 [Monog. Salic.] [1867]); and Wolf (1900) and I (1904) reached the same conclusion. But in Ascherson & Graebner (Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 73 [1908]) Seemen places S. elegantissima in the sect. Fragiles without any other re- at than: “ Vielleicht aus Japan stammend.” See also S. lasiogyne Seemen, Sect. T. ALBAE Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 418 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. YII. 1522 (1838). — Kerner in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. X. 185 (1860). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 78 (1908). Saliz, sect. Subalbae Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 88 (1913), in adnot. Vide sect. 6, ab ea praecipue differt petiolis semper eglandulosis, floribus femi- neis glandula una ventrali instructis. 110 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 29. Salix hondoensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 88 (1913). Salix dolichostyla, var. hirosakensis Léveillé & Vaniot in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. ITL. 22 (1906). Salix hirosakensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 264 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Hirosaki, “secus aquas," May 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6602, type of var. hirosakensis, Q); Aomori, in streets, May 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6622; 9); “ basi montis Iwagisan in pago Dake,” May 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6601; 9); Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, * in planitie Sapporo," June 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 256; 9). Koidzumi founded S. hondoensis on a specimen from Sapporo without mention- ing a precise type. Taking up the name hirosakensis he says: floribus femineis saepe biglandulosis. In Faurie's type the 9 flowers have only one gland, but otherwise the specimen looks very much like S. eriocarpa Franchet & Savatier. The g^ flowers in No. 6601 have rather small glands sometimes appearing like a single ventral gland almost surrounding the pedicel. Our species certainly is very nearly related to S. eriocarpa and S. jessoensis Seemen. Whether they are hybrids or varieties of one species has not yet been determined. 30. Salix Makinoana Seemen in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 1. 173 (1905). Saliz gymnolepis Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 111. 22 (1906). Salix purpurea, subspec. gymnolepis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 267 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Mutsu, “in sylvis Aomori,” May 1904, U. Faure (No. 5761, type, 9, ex Seemen), “in plateis Aomori,” May 1904, U. Faurie (No. 2769; co-type, 9, ex Seemen); Hirosaki, “ secus rivos," May 1905, U. Faure (No. 6615, type of S. gymnolepis; 9). This species has been very differently interpreted by Koidzumi, l. c., but unfortu- nately I have not seen one of von Seemen’s types. Koidzumi says, that No. 5761 partly belongs to S. stipularis Smith (in which he includes S. opaca Andersson and S. sachalinensis Schmidt, see p. 143), and partly to S. Miyabeana Seemen, see p. 166. No. 2769 is referred by Koidzumi to his subspec. gymnolepis. Léveillé& type agrees very well with von Seemen’s good description of S. M. akinoana. Other- wise S. gymnolepis Léveillé much resembles S. hondoensis Koidzumi (S. dolichostyla, var. hirosakensis Koidzumi). The bracts are not perfectly glabrous, as Lé says, but hairy at the base. The ovaries have very short pedicels, as indicated by von Seemen for S. Makinoana, and von Seemen's whole description of 9 flowers and fruits fits exactly the specimen of S. gymnolepis Léveillé before me. I believe that S. Makinoana Seemen and S. gymnolepis Léveillé are n related to S. hondoensis Koidzumi and have no connection with S. purpurea Linnaeus. 31. Salix jessoensis Seemen, Salic. Jap. 31, t. 3, fig. F-L (1903). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, Park, August 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7414; tree 15-17 m. tall, girth 2.4-3.9 m., bark grayish, shallo fissured; sterile); same locality, May 18, 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (type, ex Herb. Sap- poro Coll., 9 and 3); same locality, May 1890, Y. Tokubuchi; same locality, May 11, 1892, Y. Tokubuchi (d); same locality, July 1, 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (sterile). The sterile specimen of Tokubuchi has very hairy yellowish brown branches (suckers?), and the leaves are up to 13.5 cm. in length and 3 cm. in width a grayish and loosely silky beneath; the petioles are about 1 em. long, and the stip- ules are broadly ovate at the base, very acuminate at the apex and 34 the pnt of the petioles. This species differs from S. eriocarpa Franchet & Savatier sca na Aratus atento SALICACEAE. — SALIX 111 from S. hondoensis Koidzumi in the larger 9 catkins, the shorter style and the Shorter, truncate bracts, but, as I have said before, it is very doubtful whether these three species are specifically distinct or mere varieties of one species. This Willow is common round Sapporo and in the park there are some notable trees. It is a tree from 20-25 m. tall with a trunk from 4 to 5 m. in girth, gray shallowly fissured bark, large ascending-spreading and spreading branches and gray-green leaves. The habit is singularly like that of the English Oak. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x452 and x453 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W. 32. Salix lasiogyne Seemen, Salic. Jap. 32, t. 4, fig. a-c (1903). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Soeul, May 22, 1901, U. Faurie (No. 632, co-type ex Seemen). JAPAN. Hondo: Yamakita, May 2, 1899, U. Faurie (No. 3702, type, 9, ex ume prov. Suruga, Numadzu, April 1895 (No. 63, ex Herb. Bot. Gard. okyo). This species, of which I have not seen the type, is distinguished by its acute bracts, its nearly sessile stigmas and by the glabrous upper part of the ovaries. A specimen, collected by U. Faurie, in Hokkaido, Otara, culta, June 12, 1908 (No. 259), agrees well with von Seemen’s description and figures, but the ovaries are wholly glabrous. As von Seemen points out, the species looks very much like 8. babylonica Linnaeus. I am inclined to believe that it may have a parentage similar to that of S. elegantissima, Koch, p. 109. The specimen from Korea may belong to S. koreensis Andersson. 33. Salix koreensis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 271 (1868). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 215 (Fl. Kor. IL.) (1911). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 89 (1913). Salix pogonandra Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 436 (1912). Saliz pseudo-Gilgiana Léveillé, 1. e. (1912). Salix pseudo-lasiogyne Léveillé, 1. c. (1912). Saliz pseudo-jessoensis Léveillé, 1. c. (1912). Salix Feddei Léveillé, 1. c. (1912). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: “ in ora boreali," A. Schlippenbach (type, ex Andersson); Quelpaert: * Piento Tchimpat,” 400 m., April 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 4706, type of S. pogonandra); “ in pago Polmongi,” April 8, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 4707); same locality, end of April 1908, U. Faurie (No. 1447, type of S. pseudo-jessoensis); “ in pago Hiotan(?),” April 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 4708); without locality, April 1909, U. Faurie (No. 3240, type of S. pseudo-Gilgiana); “ in humidis vulcani,” April 1909, U. Faurie (No. 3241), “ in sepibus Setchimin,” May 1909, U. Faurie (No. 3242, type of S. Feddei); in Chemulpo, May 1909, U. Faurie (No. 3243, type of S. pseudo-lasiogyne; No. 3244); “ in jugo Pomasa," May reed U. Faurie (No. 175); Fusan, “secus rivulos," May 1906, U. Faurie (Nos. I have not seen Andersson's type, buf all of Faurie's specimens agree well with dersson's and Koidzumi's descriptions. There are really no differences at all ween these forms described by Léveillé as different species. The pubescence of the ovaries is variable, as is the shape of the gland and the stigmas and the length of the style and of the 9 catkins. At the time of flowering the? catkins are short (1 cm.) and oval; the fruiting aments are up to 2.5 cm. long and 0.9 cm. broad. The catkins are not really sessile, although they are precocious, often losing early the small leaves of the short peduncle. The œ catkins are from 112 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 2 to 3.5 em. long without the peduncle which is from 0.5 to 1 em. in length. The smaller leaves are ovate or ovate-lanceolate and acute, the largest broadly lanceolate, very acuminate, and up to 9 em. long and to 2.5-3 cm. wide. 34. Salix babylonica Linnaeus. See p. 42. 35. Salix alba Linnaeus, Spec. 1021 (1753). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 466 (1874); Ind. Trees 637 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 629 (1888). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 78 (1908). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VIIL. 1759 (1913). For further synonyms see Seemen, I. c. INDIA. Kashmir: Mulbe to Dras, October 8-11, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 4970; sterile). AFGHANISTAN. Without precise locality, 1884-5, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 1118; sterile). The above specimens are referred not without doubt to this species, which may be planted in the northwestern Himalaya and Tibet according to Brandis and Hooker f. The Willow of Kiangsu and Chusan Archipelago referred by Debeaux, Burkill and others to S. alba belongs to S. babylonica Linnaeus (see p. 00). 36. Salix sericocarpa Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1V. 43 (1860). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 637 (1888). ? Saliz lenta Fries, Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 1. 78 (1832). Salix alba, var. eriocarpa Hooker & Thomson, in Herb. Ind. Or. INDIA. Kashmir: “ reg. temp., 600 ped." T. Thomson (types; c? and 9). AFGHANISTAN. Without locality, 1884-5, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 1116; 9); Kurrum valley, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 1207; 9). In the types the leaves are more or less denticulate; the c! flowers have two glands, of which the dorsal gland is only a little smaller; the ovaries are nearly sessile and bear a short style with narrow shortly cleft stigmas. The specimen No. 1116 from Afghanistan has entire leaves which are more or less silky on both sides or are nearly glabrous above. The 9 flower and fruit show a short pedicel nearly as long as the single gland. This interesting species needs further inves- tigation. : S. lenta Fries is a very uncertain species, found in Nepal by Wallich, according to the author. The ¢ flowers are described as “ diandri." Sect. 8. SCLEROPHYLLAE Schneider, n. sect. eh Frutices mediocres v. parvi, erecti, breviter ramosi. Folia elliptica v. elliptico- oblonga v. ovata. Amenta coetanea, pedunculata v. c? sessilia; flores c' diandri, glandulis 2, filamentis sub medio pilosis; 9 glandulis 2 simplicibus v. interdum plurilobatis, ovariis sessilibus v. subsessilibus pubescentibus, stylis distinctis bifidis v. bipartitis, stigmatibus bifidis. j It is with a good deal of hesitation that 1 unite in this new section the following species. The value of the presence or absence of the second (dorsal) gland in the 9 flower in taxonomic classification needs further investigation. It seems nly not sufficient to justify the large groups made by von Seemen (as Didymadeniae, Heteradeniae and Monadeniae) based on the glands of the 9 flowers. 37. Salix sclerophylla Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 52 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1. 148, t. 8, fig. 82 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 248 (1868). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). INDIA. Kashmir: “ Laptal, 15000 ped.,” Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 8 in part, type; d"); Rimkim, 13500 ped.," Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 8, In cities SALICACEAE. — SALIX 113 part; c); without locality, ‘ 15000 ped.,’’ Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 10; 9); “ Dras, 10000 ped.," T. Thomson (type of var. pubescens; sterile). The male and female flowers of Nos. 8 and 10 have two narrow glands of which the dorsal is often very small, and apparently was overlooked by Andersson. In his first description he says: “ filamentis glabris," but in the second “ filamentis liberis inferne pilosis." The style is short, a little cleft with short bifid stigmas. Accord- ing to Brandis, this species is an inhabitant of “ inner arid valleys." Andersson, 1. c. (1868), describes two varieties: var. a glabra “ foliis utrinque glabris laete viridibus," which seems to be a mistake, none of his specimens hav- ing glabrous leaves, and var. 8 pubescens, the leaves of which are “ densius albo- villosa" beneath. So far as I see, all the specimens have pubescent leaves especially Thomson’s plant from Dras, in which the under surface of the leaves is very pubescent; they are broad, elliptical and often subcordate at the base. The nearest relative to this species seems to be the following: 38. Salix oritrepha Schneider, n. sp. i Frutex parvus, erectus, breviter ramosus, 0.6-1.2 m. altus; ramuli annotini ve- tustioresque griseo-tomentelli, deinde glabri, cinerei. Folia elliptica v. ovata, basi rotunda v. obtusa, apice obtusa v. acuta, apiculata, supra sordide viridia, initio pubescentia, deinde costa excepta interdum pilis fuscis instructa glabra, tenuiter inciso-retieulata, subtus pallida v. glauco-cinerea, initio sericeo-pilosa, mox glabra, nervis visibilibus sed vix prominentibus reticulata, margine integra, textura crassi- uscula, minora 1 em. longa et 0.8 em. lata, maxima usque ad 2.4 cm. longa et ad 1.5cm. lata; petioli 5-8 mm. longi, purpurei, pubescentes v. subtus glabri. Amenta tantum 9 cognita, coetanea, pedunculo brevi piloso 3-7 mm. longo foliis parvis 2-3 normalibus instructa, 1-1.5 em. longa, circiter 1 em. crassa, densa; ovaria satis matura sessilia, crasse ovata, apice breviter attenuata, breviter crispo-villosa, pilis albis et ferrugineis mixtis, stylis brevibus integris quam stigmata angusta bifida subaequilongis coronata; bracteae late obovatae, ovario subduplo breviores, pur- purascentes, nervosae, utrinque albo-sericeae; glandulae duae, pleraeque irregu- lariter anguste lobatae, pseudodiscum quasi formantes. : CHINA. Western Szech'uan: southwest of Tachien-lu, mountains, alt. 3600-4000 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4525, type; 9). This interesting species looks very much like the Himalayan S. sclerophylla Andersson, but S. oritrepha may be easily distinguished from that species by the glands, the brownish and white pubescence of the ovaries, and by the pubescence of the older branchlets. | : The specific name is derived from épirpepys, dwelling on the mountains. 39. Salix atopantha Schneider. See p. 43. g Sect. 9. MAGNIFICAE Schneider, n. sect. : 1 Frutices alti ramulis elongatis satis crassis purpureis saepe leviter glaucis. Folia maxima, papyracea, laevia, late elliptica, obovata v. obovato-rotunda, obtusa, sub- tus glauca v. albescentia, nervis lateralibus paulo elevatis distantibus 1 (rarius 2) Pro 1 em., angulo fere recto a costa divergentibus et 5-10 mm. ante marginem eva- nescentibus, tenuissime reticulata, integra v. versus apicem nonnihil breviter den- ticulata; petioli longi, crassi. Amenta apice ramulorum folia normalia magna gerentium 18-30 cm. longa et usque 1.5-2 cm. crassa; flores 7 diandri, glandulis s ventrali lata et crassa saepe emarginata bipartita v. triloba, dorsali minore, crasse obovata v. minima interdum ut videtur obsoleta; flores 9 ovariis subsessilibus v. in fructu brevipedicellatis glabris v. tomentellis, stylis mediocribus crassis bifidis, stigmatibus erassis brevibus v. oblongis bilobis, glandula una ventrali crassa late ovata obtusa. 114 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA The living plants of S. magnifica Hemsley look extremely distinct, scarcely re- sembling any other known Willow. 40. Salix magnifica Hemsley. See p. 44. 41. Salix ulotricha Schneider. See p. 44. 42. Salix pella Schneider. See p. 45. Sect. 10. ERIOSTACHYAE Schneider, n. sect. Frutices mediocres v. alti, ramosi. Folia satis magna, elliptica, ovata, obovata v. obovato-oblonga pleraque dentata v. serrata, textura satis firma, nervis paral- lelibus subtus satis prominulis et etiam reticulata; petioli distincti, interdum glan- duliferi. 'Amenta ramulis plus minusve longis folia normalia gerentibus suffulta, 5-13 em. longa; flores c? diandri, glandulis 2 separatis; flores 9 ovariis sessilibus subsessilibus v. in fructus satis distincte pedicellatis glabris v. tomentellis, stylis saepe satis longis plerisque bipartitis v. apice bifidis, stigmatibus brevibus v. oblongis bifidis, glandula una ventrali v. interdum etiam glandula parva dorsali praediti. 4 SS. eriostachya Andersson, of which the c^ plant is yet unknown, agrees so wellwith the other species of this section that 1 do not hesitate to make this, which is the oldest species of the group, the type of my new section. 43. Salix apatela Schneider. See p. 46. 44. Salix moupinensis Franchet. See p. 46. 45. Salix Fargesii Burkill. See p. 47. 46. Salix Ernesti Schneider. See p. 47. 47. Salix argyrophegga Schneider. See p. 49. 48. Salix plocotricha Schneider. See p. 49. 49. Salix spathulifolia Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl, LXXXII. al. (1905). — Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 304 (1909). CHINA. Shensi: Huon-tou shan, June 18, G. Giraldi (No. 5359, type, 9, & Seemen). As far as I can judge from the description this species belongs to this (or the fol- lowing) section and resembles S. plocotricha Schneider in many respects. The bracts are “‘eroso-denticulata”’ at the apex, the leaves are up to 8 em. in length and to 2.5 cm. in width, and are described as “ spathulata (v. inferiora oblonga)." Not having seen the type specimen, I cannot decide whether S. plocotricha Schneider i$ only a form of this species or not. 50. Salix eriostachya Wallich apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 493 (1851). — Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1V. 46 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 270 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 633 (1888). — B Ind. T'rees, 637 (1906). INDIA. Nepal: “ad Gossain Than," 1821, N. Wallich (No. 3704, type; 9)- By the kindness of the Keeper of the Herbarium of the Kew Gardens, 1 have been able to examine Wallich's type specimen. It shows the same long foliaceous peduncles, the deeply cleft styles and the broad, obovate rather truncate bracts nearly enveloping the young ovaries as they do in most of the species of this section. The leaves are very indistinctly glandular denticulate or nearly entire, acute e the base and hairy on both sides, especially beneath; the petioles are from 3 to ram. long and the leaves are up to 6.5 em. in length and 2.3 cm. in width; 2 or 3 lateral nerves in each cm. of length. I Cice de ien SALICACEAE. — SALIX 115 51. Salix sikkimensis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 268 (1868).— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 632 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). , INDIA. Sikkim: “ Lachen valley, alt. 13000 ped.” June 13, 1849, J. D. Hooker type; 9). I have seen a branchlet of the type specimen which agrees very well with Anders- son's description, only the pubescence of the leaves and catkins is not really “ cu- preo-mieans," but more yellowish white. The species differs from the others of this section in the nearly sessile catkins, but I have only seen very young aments appearing with the leaves. The c^ plant mentioned by Hooker f. I do not know, but the 9 flowers are very much like those of S. Ernesti Schneider or of other species of the Eriostachyae. The ovaries are not sessile, but very short-stalked, the pedicel being only one third the length of the rather long gland. There is no small dorsal gland as in S. Ernesti. The bracts of the young flowers are very large, broadly obovate, round at the apex and somewhat crenulate, and nearly envelop the whole flower. The deeply cleft styles are about one-half as long as the pubescent ovaries, the stigmas are rather short, obovate, emarginate or bifide. The stout flowering branch resembles that ‘of S. Caprea Linnaeus or of S. daphnoides Villars and is apparently somewhat glaucous. The mature leaves are not yet known. Burkill (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 532 [1899]) mentions S. sikkimensis from Yunnan (Delavay No. 2792), but I have not seen the specimen. Sect. 11. PSILOSTIGMATAE Schneider, n. sect. Arbores v. frutices alti, rarius parvi. Folia elliptica v. pleraque ovato-lanceolata v. lanceolata, satis magna y. mediocra, rarius parva, subtus pleraque sericea v. sericeo-tomentella, plus minusve nervosa sed rarius reticulata. Amenta brevius v. longius pedunculata, cylindrica, densiflora, € pleraque 3-12 cm. longa; flores # diandri glandulis 2 separatis; flores 9 v. fructus sessiles; ovaria sericea v. tomen- tella (in specie dubiae affinitatis glabra), stylo brevi v. satis longo, bipartito v. bifido, stigmatibus bifidis coronata ; glandula una ventralis. / ve some doubt whether the species, united by me in this new section, form a natural group. S. Daltoniana Andersson may perhaps be better placed in the preceding section, while S. Thomsoniana Andersson differs from the others in being a very low shrub with small leaves. 52. Salix Daltoniana Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1V. 49 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 269 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 632 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 637 (1908). INDIA. Sikkim: “ reg. temp., alt. 9000-14500 ped.” (Andersson says 1868: 14000), J. D. Hooker (type, of which I have seen a co-type). Bhutan: without locality, W. Griffith (No. 4498, ex Hooker). : Burkill (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 528 [1899]), refers to S. Daltoniana some forms collected by Delavay in Yunnan, of which I have not seen specimens. He also describes a var. Franchetiana, the types of which were collected by David in Mupin and by Mussot (No. 348) at Tachien-lu. In this variety the gland appears, according to Burkill, to be single, while two are present in the type. Without having seen this specimen, I cannot tell anything about this variety or about Dela- vay’s No. 988 from Tali in which Burkill recognized “a hybrid between S. Dal- toniana and S. elegans” (= S. denticulata Andersson). The last species, so far as I know, is a native of the northwestern Himalaya and Afghanistan and does Dot oceur in China. S. Daltoniana, var. crassijulis Andersson (in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 279 [1868]), the type of which was collected by J. D. Hooker in Sikkim between 9000-14000 ped." I know only from Andersson's description, but I think it belongs to a different species. 116 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA The typical S. Daltoniana is easily distinguished by the brownish pubescence mixed with white of the lower surface of the elliptic-lanceolate indistinctly crenulate- dentate leaves, the short c" catkins, the bracts of which are oblong and truncate and denticulate at the apex, and by the long female catkins. In the 9 flowers with their large bracts and the long deeply cleft style S. Daltoniana much resembles S. Ernesti Schneider and other species of sect. Eriostachyae. 53. Salix phanera Schneider. See p. 50. 54. Salix phaidima Schneider. See p. 51. 55. Salix psilostigma Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 496 (1851). Salix eriophylla Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 48 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt.2, 270 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 633 (1888). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 528 (1899). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1908). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V11. 286 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). ? Salix Smithiana Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 48 (non Wildenow) (1860). ? Salix viminalis, var. Smithiana Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 632 (1888). CHINA. Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, A. Henry (No. 6274; à). Yunnan: Meng- tsze, alt. 3500 m., A. Henry (No. 9338°; tree, 4 m. tall; g’); same locality, grass mountains, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 10493; shrub 1.5 m. tall; ð and 9); same locality, mountains north, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 144935; tree 34.5 m. tall; c); Ta-lei-shan, July 23, A. Henry (No. 10209; with fruits and old dx Tali valley, alt. 2100 m., May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4967; shrub 0.6-1.8 m. tall; g). INDIA. Assam: “ Khasi Hills, 4-5000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker & Thomson (type of S. eriophylla, of which I have seen only a sterile branch; the type of S. psilostigma was collected by Jacquemont in India). Sikkim: “reg. temp. 5-8000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (type of S. viminalis, var. Smithiana, a doubtful sterile form). Eastern Bengal: without locality, W. Griffith (No. 4500; c). F Asstated above, p. 51, the specimen from Hupeh resembles S. phaidima Schneider in its pubescence, but agrees with S. psilostigma Andersson in its short petioles and short aments. The typical S. psilostigma has a dense silky and woolly pubescence; the c? catkins are very short-stalked and from 3 to 6 em. long; the fruiting aments are up to 8 cm. in length and 1 em. thick; the style is deeply cleft and hidden at the base by the hairs of the ovary. The stigmas are bifid, oblong and often a little recurved. 56. Salix Thomsoniana Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 54 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 297 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 635 (1888).— Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1908). INDIA. Sikkim: reg. temp. alt. 10000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (types; cand 9); Lachoong, R. Pantling (ex Hooker). 1 On account of the two glands of the c? flowers I put this species in this section. It differs from the other species, however, in being a very small shrub with small lanceolate-elliptic leaves. The ovaries and styles are much the same as 1n >- psilostigma Andersson; the solitary gland is about half as long as the ovary; the Fours or roundish bracts are glabrous within, and in the male plant lobulate- denticulate. 57. Salix radinostachya Schneider, n. sp. zm Frutex?; ramuli initio sparse sericei, ut videtur mox glabri, purpureo-brunnél, gemmae ovato-oblongae, obtusae, purpureo-brunneae, glabrae, subdivaricantes. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 117 Folia (tantum juvenilia visa) oblanceolata, basin versus angustata, acuta, apice brevius longiusve acutata, minora elliptica, utrinque acuta, supra viridia, tantum costa sericea, subtus glauca, initio satis, deinde tantum ad costam albo-sericea, nervis angustis parallelis paullo prominulis circiter 3 pro 1 em., margine subintegra v. brevissime glanduloso-undulato-denticulata, minora ramulorum floriferorum 1.5— 3.5 em. longa, 1.8 cm. lata, maxima lanceolata ad 9 cm. longa et supra medium 2.5 em. lata; petioli subsericei, 5-9 mm. longi. Amenta9 gracillima, curvata, ramulis circiter 1 cm. longis folia 3-4 parva normalia gerentibus pedunculata, 5-7 cm. longa, circiter 0.5 cm. crassa, rhachi sparse sericea; ovaria glabra, breviter pedicellata, pedicellis glandula una oblonga apice saepe erosa ventrali subbrevioribus, stylis subaequilongis vix bifidis stigmatibus satis longis bifidis recurvatis coronata; - bracteae ovato-oblongae, apice plus minusve truncatae, brunnescentes, tantum ad basim pilosae, ovariis subaequilongae. INDIA. Sikkim: “reg. temp. alt. 9000 ped.," F. D. Hooker (type, 9; sub nomine S. elegans Wall. y, ex Herb. Ind. Or. in Herb. Gray). This interesting species differs from all the species of this section in its glabrous ovaries. In the long thin aments it resembles S. Daltoniana Andersson, in other re- spects somewhat S. longiflora Andersson, from which it differs in its short pedicels and long styles. As far as I can judge from the poor specimen before me, it seems near S. Daltoniana Andersson, but needs further investigation. i The specific name is derived from faôıwós, slender, and oraxvs, spike. Sect. 12. DENTICULATAE Schneider, n. sect. eB Frutices breviramosi v. interdum arbores parvae. Folia satis parva, elliptica, breviter denticulata v. integra, pleraque tantum initio pilosa, subtus glauca. Amenta coetanea pedunculis foliolatis instructa, c" breviora, saepissime satis laxi- flora, 9 satis longa et densiflora; flores c? diandri, glandula dorsali et ventrali in- structa, staminibus liberis basi v. ad medium villosis; bracteae obovatae, obtusae, V. obovato-spathulatae; ovaria breviter pedicellata v. sessilia, glabra v. pilosa, stylis subnullis v. distinctis apice breviter bifidis, stigmatibus bifidis; glandula una, ventralis, oblonga; bracteae obovatae. f I unite the following species in this section on account of the two glands of the 7 OWers. 58. Salix denticulata Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 481 im & Garcke, Bot. Ergeb. Reise Prinz. Waldemar, 119, t. 89 Salix kamaunensis Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 3701 (nomen nudum) (1829). Salix elegans Wallich, Cat. No. 3699 (nomen nudum) (non Besser, nec Host) (1829) et apud Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 51 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 168, t. 9, fig. 99 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 256 (1868). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 466 (1874). Ind. Trees, 637 (1908). — Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 630 (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 479, fig. 156 (1902). INDIA. Kashmir: “ Rajhoti, alt. 15000 feet," Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 9; d). Garhwal: “Niti, 11500 feet,” Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 7; with fruits); Badyah, alt. 2600 m., June 1894, C. G. Rogers (with fruits, androgyn); Chakrata, 7000 ft.," May 14 and June 24, 1912, K. N. Jyengar (c? and with fruits); without precise locality, “ reg. temp. 6-9000 ped.,” T. Thomson (c? and 9); Without precise locality, H. Falconer (No. 961; 9); Kumaon: “ Dugli, 13000 ft., Seis & Winterbottom (No. 6; with fruits); Baltol, August 28, "€ e. ‘ os. 565, 966, 1035; co-types of S. denticulata, ex ersson); cise locality, R. Blinkworth (No. 3701 Herb. Wallich, type of S. denticulata, ex An- 118 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA dersson), Nepal: without precise locality, 1821, N. Wallich (No. 3699*, type of S. elegans; with fruits); Punjab: Sirmore, G. Govan & Kamrup (No. 3699”, in part, Herb. Wallich). AFGHANISTAN. Kurrum valley, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 413; c? and 9). So far as I know this species does not occur in the eastern Himalaya nor in China. Burkill (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 528 [1899]), confused it with another species. For further information see the keys on pp. 77 and 78. No. 9 of Strachey & Winterbottom seems to be a smaller high-alpine form. The bracts are glabrous. It looks somewhat intermediate between S. denticulata and S. flabellaris Andersson. 112208 Andersson described the following variety, of which I have not seen a specimen: Salix denticulata, var. himalensis Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 482 (1851). Saliz elegans, B G iana Wallich, Cat. No. 3699» (nomen nudum) (1829). Saliz himalensis Klotzsch in herb. (ex Andersson). i Salix elegans, var. himalensis Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 51 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 168 (Monog. Salic.) (1867). Saliz elegans, var. Govaniana Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 257 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 630 (1888). INDIA. Kashmir: without precise locality, W. Hofmeister (ex Andersson); * Serinagur, 8000 feet,” G. Govan (No. 3699, Herb. Wallich, in part); Punjab: Sirmore, G. Govan & Kamrup (No. 3699", Herb. Wallich, in part, ex Wallich). “Taller, leaves larger, almost lanceolate, more sharply serrulate, more glaucous beneath," fide Andersson and Hooker. 59. Salix dissa Schneider. See p. 52. 60. Salix dyscrita Schneider. See p. 53. 61. Salix Biondiana Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LX XXII. 32 (1905).— Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV1. 297 (1909). CHINA. Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, top of mountains, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 2045, co-type; bush 1.2-1.5 m.; à). Shensi: " Pao-ki-scen, cows July, Hugh Scallan (No. 5361, type; Herb. Giraldi; 9, eX Seemen). I have seen only a c^ co-type of this species (Herb. N. York Bot. Gard.), the flowers of which have a rather long ventral gland two-fifths the length of the bracts, and a very small dorsal gland from one-third to one-fourth as long 88 the ventral gland. The bracts are oblong, rounded at the apex, while von Seemen says: “ bracteis late ovatis irregulariter dentatis.” According to von Seemen the dorsal gland seems to be somewhat larger in his type, and the c? flowers have sometimes 3 stamens, a fact 1 did not observe in the co-type. Among the plants collected by Wilson for the Arboretum I have not found a specimen agreeing with the co-type or with Seemen’s description. The fruits are described as “ sitzend, kurz dünn grau behaart,” the style as short and thick, the stigmas as “ oval, tief ausgerandet, aufrecht gabelig," the gland as “a basi lata truncata capsulae 14 aequante.” The species of this section are very difficult to distinguish, and a careful field study of them is needed. 62. Salix erioclada Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 22 (1906); in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 299 (1909); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (1915). CHINA. Kweichau: “ Montée de Pia-Fong à Sa-Jang,” March 4, 1905, J. Esquirol (No. 567, type; <7). £ I have only seen a c? catkin and two small leaves of the type which were kindly a SALICACEAE. — SALIX 119 sent to me by Mgr. Léveillé. The flowers have two glands and the species very much resembles S. dyscrita Schneider. The bracts of S. erioclada, however, are more oblong, the filaments are very slightly hairy at the base, and the young leaves have a different nervation, the lateral nerves being more numerous, about 10 in a leaf of 1.8 cm. in length, while a leaf of the same size of S. dyscrita Schneider has only about 5 or 6. As long as it is impossible to compare better material with fully grown leaves, I prefer not to unite these two forms, which are geographically well Separated. Léveillé (in litt. 1915) says that under the two names S. erioclada and S. pachy- clada (see p. 150) “ se cachent certainement plusieurs espèces.” _ 93. Salix Camusii Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Agr. Sci. Sarthe, sêr. 2, XXXI. 326 (1904); in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV1. 297 (1906); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (1915). CHINA. Kweichau: “ Kouy-yang, Gan-pin, ete., mont du Collége," April 1898, E. Bodinier (No. 2134, types). : Through the kindness of the author, I have received a c? and a catkin of this Species the original description of which I have not been able to consult. The fol- lowing is the description of what I have seen: : Ramuli?. Folia juvenilia elliptica, utrinque subobtusa, in sicco nigrescentia, supra costa albo-villosa subincisa excepta glabra, venis vix visibilibus, subtus glauces- centia, costa elevata facieque sparse v. distinctius adpresse sericea v. costa sericeo- villosula, nervis paullo elevatis pro 2.5 em. circiter 8, margine minute et indistincte adpresse glanduloso-denticulata, ad 2.5 em. longa et 1.1 em. lata; petioli circiter 2-4 mm. longi, dense albo-cani. Amenta ut videtur subcoetanea, subsessilia, basi foliolis 1-3 parvis subtus sericeis suffulta, cylindrica, rhachi villosula, c ad 5.5 em. longa, circiter 0.7 cm. crassa, 9 (florifera) ad 3.5 cm. longa, circiter 0.6 cm. crassa; flores q diandri, filamentis glabris liberis quam bracteer 4-5-plo longioribus, antheris parvis flavis subglobosis; glandulae 2, ventralis oblonga, apice incísa, bractea paullo brevior, dorsalis parva, tenuia, ventrali minor; bracteae parvae, ovato-rotundae, concavae, flavo-brunnescentes, margine et basi villosae, ceterum plus minusve glabrae; ovaria sessilia v. subsessilia, ovata, stylo parvo sed distincto Satis crasso apice bifido stigmatibus minimis emarginatis coronata; glandula una Ventralis, bractea fere duplo brevior, oblonga, angusta; bracteae late ovatae, obtusae, iis lorum g non absimiles, pleraeque tantum basi utrinque villosae. : . This species seems nearly related to S. erioclada Léveillé, p. 118, which chiefly differs in its longer oblong bracts. The <* catkins and young leaves look very much alike, but the latter seem to be entire in S. erioclada. S. dyscrita Schneider also much resembles the c plant of S. Camusii, but in S. dyscrita the filaments are Very hairy at the base, and the young entire leaves show fewer pairs of lateral nerves. Unfortunately, the 2 sex neither of S. dyscrita Schneider nor of S. erioclada Léveillé is known. 64. Salix luctuosa Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 342 (1914). — ax Eastern Yunnan: “ Bais ed des montes à Kiao-Mé-ti, alt. m., May 1913, E. E. Maire (type; d and 9). 4 : According to the two glands in the c? flower, this species belongs to sect. Denti- datae. The 9 flowers have a rather long style bifid at the apex with very small stigmas. Old leaves are unknown. See the key, pp. 77 and 78. s60 ix fruticulosa Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 53 (exclud. planta 9) (1860). — Hooker f., FI. Brit. Ind. V. 637 (1888). Balia furcata Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 291 (pro parte) ). 120 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA INDIA. Kumaon: “ Pindari, alt. 12000 feet,” Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 13; g and 9). j The types of S. fruticulosa and of S. furcata Andersson both came from Pindari. Andersson, in 1868, made apparently a mistake in confounding these two specimens. But there are some other points to clear up. In 1860 the 9 plant is described: “ capsula sessilis . . . dense sericea, . . .; stylus vix conspicuus; stigmata brevis- sima," as it is the case, except that there is a very short pedicel in Anderson's 9 co-type from Zanzkar I have before me. There is, however, a different 9 plant from Pindari with: ‘‘capsulis sessilibus . . . glabris . . . stylo bipartito, laciniis erectis, stigmatibus integris capitatis," as described by Andersson in 1868. This 9 specimen has the same reddish brown branchlets as the c' co-type, while the Zanskar plant has branchlets with “cortice glabro fusco-nitente vel testaceo inter- dum glaucescente." After all the 9 plant of the type belongs to S. myricaefolia Andersson, see p. 172. The real S. fruticulosa Andersson (1860), not Kerner (1864), the systematic position of which is yet uncertain, may be described as follows: , Fruticulus ut videtur parvus, breviramosus; ramuli satis crassi, rubro-brunnel, deinde cinerascentes, novelli villosuli. Folia novella paulo evoluta lanceolata v. oblanceolata, basi acuta, apice obtusiora, superne viridia, glabra, nervis paulo impressis, subtus glaucescentia, costa pilis sericeis obtecta v. mox glabra, costa nervisque vix prominulis margine tenuiter inciso-denticulata, rarius subintegra, vix 10 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata, brevissime petiolata. Amenta lateralia, brevi- pedunculata, basi foliis parvis suffulta, densiflora, rhachi laxe villosa; c? 1-1.5 cm. longa, circiter 0.9 cm. crassa; 2 ovato-oblonga, 1 cm. longa, sed nondum satis evoluta; flores 7 diandri, filamentis liberis basi pilosis bracteas paulo superanti- bus, antheris ovato-globosis, violaceis, glandula ventralis anguste oblonga, 44 brac- teae aequans; dorsalis subaequilonga, tenuior; bracteae obovato-oblongae, apice plus minusve truncatae, denticulatae, flavescentes v. violascentes, nervatae, glabrae; ovaria sessilia, glabra, juvenilia bracteis breviora, stylo bipartito sub- aequilongo stigmatibus brevibus emarginatis capitatis coronata; glandula un ventralis, late ovata, obtusa v. lobulata, compressa, ovario juvenili }4 brevior; bracteae iis florum c^ similes, dorso sericeae. Sect. 13. LONGIFLORAE Schneider, n. sect. : Frutices breviter ramosi. Folia parva v. mediocra, elliptica, elliptico-rotunda, elliptico-lanceolata v. rarius oblanceolata, integra (v. indistincte denticulata), subtus pallidiora, cinerea v. glauca, pleraque tantum initio distincte pilosa. Amenta coetanea pedunculis foliatis instructa, v. rarius subpraecocia, subsessilia, cylindrica, densi- v. sublaxiflora; flores c? diandri, glandula una ventrali instructi, ; liberis basi pilosis, bracteis obovatis obtusis; ovaria sessilia v. subsessilia, glabra V- pilosa, stylis nullis v. plus minusve distinctis, stigmatibus sessilibus brevibus bifidis angustioribus, glandula una ventrali, bracteis obovatis v. oblongis obtusis. This section differs from the Denticulatae chiefly in the single gland of the c' flowers. The species, of which only the 9 flowers are known, are doubtfully included here, but the eo-type of S. longiflora Andersson is so much like S. cathayana Diels that I use the name Longiflorae for this section. 66. Salix hypoleuca v. Seemen. See p. 53. Salix hypoglauca, var. platyphylla Schneider. See p. 53. 67. Salix rhoophila Schneider. See p. 54. 68. Salix polyclona Schneider. See p. 55. 69. Salix mictotricha Schneider. See p. 56. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 121 70. Salix longiflora Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 50 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 271 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 633 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 637 (1908). INDIA. Sikkim: “ Lachen, alt. 9000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (type; 9, of which Ihave seen a co-type ex Herb. Gray). Judging by the co-type of this species I was at first inclined to unite it and S. cathayana Diels (see p. 57), of which Diels says: ‘‘ The differences between this species and Salix longiflora And., of the Sikkim Himalaya, are obvious." Unfor- tunately they are not so in the specimens before me. According to the descriptions given by Andersson and Hooker f., S. longiflora may be distinguished by its long 9 catkins (“2-4 pollicaria” [Andersson] ‘‘2~5 in." [Hooker]) and by the appar- ently longer leaves (“adulta 114-214 pollices longa” [A.]; “ larger 3-6 in." [H.]). In the co-type the largest leaves are up to 5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad. Of the pubescence, there seem to be at least two forms: one with the leaves only slightly silky beneath when young and glabrous later in the season; and another with tomentose young leaves, the pubescence being thickish and somewhat brownish. It needsa careful examination of many specimens before it is possible to decide, if the Chinese and Sikkim forms are distinct or not. See S. cathayana Diels, p. 57. Burkill describes a variety S. longiflora, var. albescens (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 530 [1899], the type of which was collected by Mussot (No. 347) at Ta- chien-lu, Szech’uan. Not having seen the specimen, I cannot tell from the short description to what species this plant may really belong. 71. Salix cathayana Diels. See p. 57. 72. Salix macroblasta Schneider. See p. 58. 73. Salix resecta Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, vol. VII. 281 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). CHINA. Yunnan: Moist situations on the margins of thickets on the eastern ~~ the Tali Range, alt. 3000 m., July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4602, type; with ruits). In the co-type before me the catkins are at the end of branchlets from 2 to 3 em. long, with normal leaves and are not subsessile, as described by Diels; they are from 5 to 9 em. long and about 1 em. thick. The nearly sessile old flowers or fruits are loosely silky and have a rather long style, mostly cleft at the apex, with Short bifid stigmas. The bracts are truncate at the apex. Without having seen any c' specimen or good sterile material it seems impossible to judge the relation- ship of this species. 74. Salix driophila Schneider. See p. 59. 75. Salix amphibola Schneider. See p. 60. Sect. 14. HETEROCHROMAE Schneider, n. sect. í , Arbores v. frutices. Folia satis magna, lanceolata, ovato-lanceolata v. late ellip- tica, integra v. breviter serrata, subtus pallida v. concoloria, textura tenui, sed firma, initio sericea. Amenta pedunculata, satis longa, cylindrica, densiflora; flores c^ diandri, filamentis liberis pilosis, glandula una ventrali, bracteis oblongis obtusis; ovaria breviter v. longius pedicellata, sericea v. glabra, stylis distinctis apice bifidis stigmatibus bifidis oblongis, glandula una ventrali pedicellis breviore v. duplo longiore, bracteis ovatis obtusis. : ^ . Als section differs from sect. Phylicifoliae and Hastatae in the longer catkins, in this resembling sect. Eriostachyae. The leaves are thin but firm and show à fine but distinct reticulation beneath. 192 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 76. Salix heterochroma Seemen. See p. 61. 77. Salix isochroma Schneider, n. sp, Frutex 1.2 m. altus; ramuli annotini glabri, olivaceo-fusci, deinde purpureo- brunnescentes. Folia ovato-oblonga v. oblanceolata, basi rotunda, apicem versus plus minusve subito acuminata v. acuta, supra viridia, costa pilis fulvis et albis obdita excepta glabra, subtus fere concoloria, viridescentia, pilis sericeis saepe fulvis plus minusve obtecta, interdum paullo glabrescentia, costa nervisque circiter 3 pro 1 em. prominulis et tenuiter reticulata, margine satis indistincte et distanter glan- duloso-serrata, ex parte integra, minora 2-4.5 cm. longa, 1-1.5 em. lata, maxima ad 7 cm. longa et ad 2.3 cm. lata; petioli 4-6 mm. longi, graciles, ut costa pilosuli, supra sulcati. Amenta (fructifera tantum vidi) pedunculo circiter 5 mm. longo piloso foliola minima lanceolata 1-2 gerente suffulta, 4.5-5.5 em. longa, circiter 1 cm. crassa, laxe sericea; flores 9 (inter fructus remanentes) brevipedicellati; ovaria ovato-oblonga, apicem versus attenuata, sericea, bracteas fere triplo superantia, stylo distincto ad medium bifido stigmatibus partitis oblongis divaricatis coronata; glandula anguste-oblonga, pedicellum duplo superans, bracteis late-ovatis brunne- scentibus extus sericeis intus subglabris aequilonga. Fructus anguste oblongi, cir- citer 4 mm. longi, breviter pedicellati, subsericei. CHINA. Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, alt. 3300-3800 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4524, type; with fruits). This species differs from S. heterochroma Seemen in the greenish under surface of the leaves, which are a little serrulate, and in the glands being longer than the short pedicels. It seems to be only a low shrub. The gland is very like that of S. hylonoma Schneider, and S. isochroma may be most nearly related to that species! The specific name is derived from leos, equal, and xpapa, color. 78. Salix omeiensis Schneider, n. sp. Reps Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramuli annotini vetustioresque glabri, purpureo-nign; gemmae purpureae, ovato-oblongae, adpressae, glabrae v. pilis sparsis praeditae, petiolis subtriplo breviores. Folia satis magna, late ovata v. paulo obovata, basi rotunda, apice subito acutata v. sensim acuta, supra saturate viridia, glabra, subtus valde pallida, saepissime tantum ad costam flavam sericea (juniora tota sericea?), utrinque costa nervisque circiter 1-2 pro 1 cm. prominentibus, et (subtus dis- tinctius) reticulata, margine breviter et distanter glanduloso-serrata v. integra, minora (pedunculorum) 3-6 em. longa, 1.8-3.5 cm. lata, maxima usque 11 cm. longa et 5.3 cm. lata; petioli 7-15 mm. longi, glabri v. initio sericei. Amenta (fruc tifera tantum vidi) pedunculo 1-1.5 em. longo piloso folia 1-2 normalia gerente suffulta, 10-12.5 em. longa, circiter 1.1 em. crassa, rhachi sparse pilosa. Fructus brevipedicellati, ovato-oblongi, apice angustati, circiter 3-3.5 mm. longi, glabri (stylis marcescentibus distinctis apice bifidis, stigmatibus oblongis bifidis); bracteae ovatae, subacutae, brunneae, extus sericeae, intus glabratae, pedicellis 2-3plo longiores; glandula una crassiuscula, saepe plus minusve latior quam alta, cello subduplo brevior v. subaequilonga, oblonga. CHINA. Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5193, type; tree 10 m., with fruits). : This peculiar species seems to be related to S. heterochroma Seemen, but differs widely from it in its broad leaves and in its longer petioles. The long fruiting aments somewhat resemble those of S. Fargesii Franchet and its relatives, but reticulation of the leaves is more like that of the former species. _ Sect. 15. PHYLICIFOLIAE Dumortier, Fl. Belg. Prodr. 12 (1827).— E. Fries in Syllog. Pl. Nov. Il. 36 (pro parte) (1828). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 123 Akad. Handl. VI. 125 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 240 (1868). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 18 (1903). Salix, sect. Nigricantes Borrer in Hooker, Fl. Brit. 426 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1563 (1838). Saliz, sect. Bicolores Borrer in Hooker, Fl. Brit. 428 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1577 (1838). Salix, sect. Virescentes Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 125 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 240 (1868). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 130 (1909). Frutices alti v. minores, breviter ramosi. Folia pleraque ovato-lanceolata usque obovata, saepissime glabra, interdum pubescentia, subtus viridia v. pallida, margine remote inflexo-serrata, marcescentia saepe nigrescentia. Amenta ovali-cylindrica, subsessilia v. breviter pedunculata; ovaria pleraque pilosa, pedicellata; glandula semper una ventralis. This section ! seems to include rather different forms. Most of the species of northeastern Asia are only imperfectly known, and I have not been able to see much material. I am following Andersson and von Seemen, but I cannot agree with them in their systematic arrangement. The forms of this and the following section specially need careful study. : : 79. Salix phylicifolia ? Linnaeus, Spec. 1016 (exclud. var. 8) (1753). —Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1. 131, t. 7, fig. 70 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 241 (1868). — ? Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VIL. 93 (Pl. David. I. 283) (1884). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 532 (pro parte ?) (1899). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 414 (pro parte) (1891). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 28 (Fl. Mansh. I1.) (1903). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 140 (1909). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. hot ASX 42 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 44, 1 According to Ledebour (Fl. Ross. III. 609 [1850], S. nigricans Smith (in Trans. Linn. Soc. V1. 120 [1802]), was found in Kamtchatka (by Chamisso and by Beechey ex Hooker & Arnott). I do not find any mention of S. nigricans in Hooker & Amott, Bot. Voy. Beechey. According to Siuzev (in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. [Contr. Fl. Mansh.] [1912]) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912), S. nigricans has been recently found in Mandshuria. 1 only mention this faet with the remark that according to the Vienna rules the oldest name for this species apparently is S. myrsinifolia Salisbury, Prodr. 394 (1796), ounded on S. myrsinites Hoffmann, Hist. Salic. I. 71, t. 17-19 and 24, fig. 2 (non Linnaeus) (1787). The type of S. nigricans Smith is S. phylicifolia, var. 8 Linnaeus, Spec. 1016 (1753). For further synonyms and literature see von Seemen in Ascher- son & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 132 (1909). i According to the Vienna rules there is no reason why this name should be changed. It is founded on “ Salix foliis serratis glabris lanceolatis, crenis undulatis ' in Fl. Lappon. 283, No. 351 (misprint 358 in Spec.), t. 8, fig. d (1737). This is Linnaeus’ type according to Andersson, Salic. Lappon. 42 (1845), Wimmer, Salic. Europ. 79 (1866), Enander, Salic. Linn. Herb. 96 (1907) and other authors. I be- ve Toepfier, Salicet. Exsiccat. No. 31, made a mistake in saying that No. 351 of the Flora Lapponica represents SS. nigricans Smith and that No. 350 (Salix Phylicifolia, var. 8 Linné, Spec. Pl. 1018 [1753]) is S. bicolor Ehrhart. According to Smith the type of S. nigricans is “ S. phylicifolia B Linn. Sp. Pl. 1442, Fl. Lapp. ed. 2, 291, t. 8, f. c. n. 350.” See S. myrsinifolia Salisbury above. 124 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Saliz bicolor Ehrhart, Beitr. V. 162 (1790). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk, I. 55. fig. 19 b, 24 k-1 (1904). Salix Weigeliana Willdenow, Spec. IV. pt. 2, 678 (1805). Salix arbuscula, var. phylicifolia Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 93, t. 36, fig. 8-13, t. 43, fig. 8-12 (Mam. Hsyu. Hes Eepon. Pocc.) (1900). For further synonyms and literature see Herder, |. c., and Seemen, I. c. CHINA. Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 2300 m., August 12, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1204; shrub; sterile). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: Plover Bay, Lat. 64° N, 1865-6, W. H. Dall (with fruits). Kamtchatka: Petropavlovski, 1853-6, C. Wright (with fruits). Franchet, 1. c., mentions specimens from Chili collected by David which I have not seen and which probably do not belong to our species, and may be the same as S. mongolica Siuzev (see p. 178). Burkill cites a specimen of Bretschneider from the Po-hua-shan, and the species is also found in Mandshuria and Korea accord- ing to Komarov and Nakai. The specimens before me collected by Dall Wright differ somewhat from the type. The ovaries are rather short-stalked, and the glands are longer than the pedicels. The peduncles of the fruiting aments of Dall’s plant are up to 2 cm. long. They may represent S. oblongifolia Trautvetter & Meyer, see p. 126. All these eastern forms of this section need a very careful study. Meyer's sterile specimen agrees rather well with some European forms of this variable species. 80. Salix formosa Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 452 (1796); Spec. IV. 680 (1805). Salix arbuscula Linnaeus, Spec. 1018 (tantum var. y) (1753). Herder n Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 417 (1891). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 92, t. 35, fig. 12-18, t. 36, fig. 1 (Mam. Hayw He» Eepon. Poct. I) (tantum var. typica) (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 55, fig 19 p, 24 q-u (1904). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 146 (1909). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 39, t. 41 (1914). 1 According to the Vienna rules this name cannot stand. The type of Linnaeus S. arbuscula is founded on “ Salix foliis subserratis glabris subdiaphanis subtus glaucis, caule suffruticoso” in FI. Suec. 291, No. 798 (1745), var. a, and the type of var. a is “Salix foliis serratis glabris verticaliter ovatis" in Fl..Lappon. 284, No. 352, tab. 8, fig. e (1737). This No. 352 is the same as S. livida Wahlenberg (vide Enander, Salic. Linn. Herb. 97 [1907]). Linnaeus’ herbarium specimen may DeloDs to S. phylicifolia Linnaeus or to a hybrid of S. nigricans Smith with S. phylicifolia (see Enander, 1. ¢.). Linnaeus’ S. arbuscula, var. B, Spec. 1018 (1753) is f on “Salix foliis integris glabris ovatis confertis pellucidis” in Fl. Lapp. 287, No- 356 (1757). This No. 356 represents S. livida Wahlenberg (see Enander, |. ¢-)- Only S. arbuscula, var. y represents the true S. arbuscula Auctorum plurim. (6¢ Enander, l.c. 149). So far as I can see the oldest name for this form is S. formos? Willdenow. Andersson and von Seemen cite a Salix coruscans Jacqum, ^ Austr. V. t. 408 (non Willdenow) (1778). But Jacquin describes, 1. c., under E^ 408 Saliz arbuscula. lt was Willdenow, Spec. IV. 681 (1805), who founded a 9: coruscans on S. arbuscula Jacquin. S. formosa Willdenow was published 1796, this name is older than S. glaucescens Moench, who merely changed Willd name. $.alpina Scopoli, Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 11. 255 (1772) is a mixture of S. and S. myrsinites, var. Jacquiniana Koch. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 125 Salix cinerea Willdenow, Berl. Bawmz. 350 (non Linnaeus, nec Willdenow, 1805) (1796). Salix glaucescens Moench, Meth. Suppl. 116 (1802). For further synonyms and literature see Herder, 1. c., and Seemen, 1. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: Tschukschen country, river Anadyr, June 7 and 14, 1869, K. Maydell (ex Herder). Not having seen a specimen of this species from our area, I do not know if it is really found so far east. According to Camus, Classif. Saul. Europe, I. 123 (1904), it has stomata on the upper surfaces of the leaves. 81. Salix characta Schneider, n. sp. Frutex ?; ramuli initio puberuli, dein glabri, flavo- v. rubro-brunnei, vetustiores cinerascentes; gemmae visae ovatae, obtusae, subadpressae, subpilosae glabraeve, flavo-rubrae, petiolis 14 v. vix breviores. Folia satis adulta lanceolata, basi acuta, rarius subobtusa, apice acuta v. breviter acuminata, supra laete viridia, costa Impressa sparse puberula excepta glabra, rarius tota facie plus minusve sparse sericea nervis subdistinctis vix incisis, subtus glauca, tantum costa flava elevata sparse sericea v. glabra, nervis 3-4 pro 1 cm. prominulis et tenuissime reticulata, margine circumcirca breviter sed satis argute glanduloso-serrata dentibus circiter 2 pro 1 mm., minora 1.5-3 cm. longa, 0.5-0.9 em. lata, maxima usque 4.5 cm. longa et 1.2 em. lata; petioli breves, 1-3 mm. longi, superne sulco puberuli. Amenta (tantum valde matura fructifera visa) pedunculo brevi sericeo foliato suffulta, ut videtur circiter 2.5 cm. longa et densiflora, rhachi villosa; flores? inter fructus rema- nentes pedicellati; ovaria oblonga, tantum basi et pedicello glandulam uni- cam oblongam apice incisam subaequante pilosa ceterum glabra, stylo distincto 7$ ovarii aequante ut videtur integro stigmatibus ovato-oblongis brevibus (? bifi- dis) coronata; bracteae ovatae, acutae, brunneae, sparse sericeae, pedicello duplo ongiores. Fructus circiter 4 mm. longi, oblongi, ut ovaria pilosi et pedicellati. CHINA. Chili: Hsiao Wutai-shan, mountain slopes, alt. 1700-3000 m., Au- gust 8, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1160, type; with fruits). : his species much resembles some forms of S. formosa Willdenow from the Altai, but it can be distinguished from that species by its very closely serrate leaves, by its short petioles and by its rather acute bracts. I have seen only one old fruiting catkin. It may be nearly related to S. kolymensis Seemen, of which I have not seen & specimen. The specific name is derived from xapaxrés, with teeth. 82. Salix kolymensis Seemen in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. V. 18 (1908). Saliz boganidensis, var. angustifolia Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 434 (pro parte) (1891). " NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk: district Kolyma, on theriver Kolyma, June 10, 14 and 30, 1875, F. M. Augustinowicz (ex Seemen); banks of the Alasei, June 8 [21] and 11[24] 1905, Roznovski (ex von Seemen). : e leaves of this species are described as sometimes entire and darker green above; the length of the petioles is not given by the author who saw only young leaves. The ovaries are wholly pubescent and seem to have longer pedicels. 83. Salix boganidensis Trautvetter in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1. 2, Bot., Abt.1, 154, t. 2, 3 (Fl. Boganid.) (1847). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. 616 (1850). — rch hi De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 277 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. op. XI. 434 (pro parte) (1891). tme ee THEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: Boganida River, June 7 and iis 3, 1843, A. T. von Middendorff (c^ and 9 types, ex Trautvetter). 126 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix boganidensis, var. latifolia Trautvetter in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 34 (Fl. Terr. Tschuktsch.) (1879). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 435 (1891). Salix taimyrensis Trautvetter in Act. Hort. Petrop. V. pt. 2, 557 (Fl. Rip. Kolym. 63) (non Trautvetter) (1878). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: Anadyr River, May 23, 26, 30, June 1, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15, 20, 1869, K. Maydell (ex Trautvetter); Kolyma River, May 30, June 24, July 6, 1875 and June 14, 1876, F. M. Augustinowicz (ex Traut- vetter); river Jana, June 27, 1885, A. Bunge f. (ex Herder). According to Trautvetter (1847) the type is “ inter S. phylicifoliam L. et S. arbusculam L. quasi media." 'The figure shows a nearly sessile ovary with a long style, not unlike that of S. viminalis Linnaeus, but von Seemen says that in S. kolymensis the styles seem to be rather longer than in S. boganidensis, and he places S. kolymensis in the group “ Meiostylae.” Ledebour and Andersson place 8. boganidensis in the same group with S. lanata Linnaeus, but I cannot decide to which section it really belongs. 84. Salix oblongifolia Trautvetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. I. 2, Bot., Abt. 2, 81 (Fl. Ochot.) (1856). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XV1. pt. 2, 248 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 419 (1891). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: “ad sinum Ujakon,” August 23-September 1, A. T. von Middendorff (type, ex 'Trautvetter & Meyer; with fruits) Kamtchatka: Petropavlovsk, Kastalsky (ex Herder). This very little known species may represent S. phylicifolia Linnaeus from east- ern Asia (see p. 124). According to the description it is near S. characta Schneider, p. 125, but differs from it chiefly in the remotely serrulate leaves and in the silky ovaries. It has been omitted in the key. 85. Salix udensis Trautvetter & Meyer, in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. I. pt. 2, Bot, Abt. 2, 81 (Fl. Ochot.) (1856). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt- 2, (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. X1. 419 (1891). : NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: near Udskoi, June 15, 1844, A. T. von Middendorff (9 type, ex Trautvetter & Meyer). s. This is an uncertain species, which is said to be nearly related to S. arbuscula (S. formosa Willdenow), but has the leaves greenish on both surfaces. It has been omitted in the keys. 86. Salix chlorostachya Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 373 (1854). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 143, t. 7, fig. 78 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 246 (1868). — Herder in Ach Hort. Petrop. XI. 416 (1891). ad NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: “ in insulis fluvii Angarae, torrentem Chalagum prope Turan, in transbaicalensibus et cet.," N. Turczaninow (9 type, ex Turczaninow). : According to Turczaninow the type of this species was apparently collected n Gouv. Irkutsk, but the species also occurs in Transbaikalia on the western limits ourarea. Andersson, l. ¢. (1867), describes these forms, and he says: “ Est specie? sat singularis amentis S. retusae, foliis nunc (integerrimis) S. myrtilloidi nunc (Ser rulatis) S. arbusculae similis, sed habitu quasi inter S. arbusculam et S. phylicifo- liam intermedia." Turczaninow says: “ pedicellis nectarium aequantibus,” while Andersson says: “ pedicello nectarium duplo superante." The ovary is glabrous. I have not seen any specimen, and I doubt if Andersson’s different forms belong to the same species. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 127 Herder, 1. c. 417, cites a Salix submyrtilloides Andersson, which seems to be a herbarium name, and according to Trautvetter is the same as S. chlorostachya Turczaninow. 87. Salix leptoclados Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 144, t. 7, fig. 79 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 247 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 417 (1891). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: on the river Selenga near Verchne Udinsk, 1832, N. Turczaninow (ex Andersson). This is a doubtful species. The hairy ovary has a pedicel which is 3 or 4 times longer than the gland. The style is usually bifid. 88. Salix Reinii Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 459 (nomen nudum) (1875); apud Seemen, Salic. Jap. 41. t. 6, fig. A-E (1903).— Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. XIV. 208 (1904); XVI. 143 (1906). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 91 (1913). Salix glabra Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. IL. 503 (1879). — Kawakami in Tokyo Bot. Mag. X. 50 (1896). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Suruga, slopes of Fuji-san, common, woodlands, above alt. 800 m., May 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6642; bush 0.3-1.5 m. tall; d’; No. 6642°; 9); same locality, August 1906, M. Koyama (with fruits); same locality (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; c); same locality, July 29, 1891, K. Watanabe (c); prov. Shimotsuke, Yumoto, open country, alt. 2000-2800 m., June 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6844; bush 0.6-1.5 m. tall; 7; No. 6844*, 9); prov. Mutsu, Hakkoda- yama, abundant on upper slopes and summit, July 4-6, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7080; bush 0.3-0.9 m. tall; c"); Iwaki san, May and August 1908 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co., 9 flowers and fruits); leaves large, ovate-elliptical, up to 11 em. long and 3.8 cm. broad); Mt. Iwate, July 1903, S. Arimoto (with fruits); on Gassan, July 23, 1887 (No. 66 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; with fruits); prov. ? ‘in monte Hak’san, in fruticetis humidis,” J. Rein (Savatier, Nos. 2923, 2924; types, ex Franchet & Savatier). : The fruits of typical S. Reinii are mostly somewhat hairy, at least on the pedicels, but are sometimes wholly glabrous. The c^ catkins are often rather small; the bracts are oblong, hairy or nearly glabrous. The glands of both the sexes are rather long compared with those of S. vulpina Andersson or forms of S. japonica Thunberg. The pedicel of the ovary is about as long as the gland or up to twice its length in the fruit. The pubescence of the bracts may sometimes contain some brownish hairs like those of S. vulpina Andersson, which differs in its short more orbicular-ovate bracts, shorter styles and short glands. There are certainly hy- brids between it and S. vulpina Andersson and also between it and S. japonica, var. padifolia Seemen (and var. Oldhamiana Franchet & Savatier?). I suppose that S. Reinii would be better referred to sect. Hastatae. It seems to be a variable species the forms of which need a careful study. Von Seemen (Salic. Jap. 42 [1903]) described 4 different forms, the types of which I have not seen, namely: : f. typica Seemen: folia obovata, apice brevi-acuta, saepe plicata, subtus cinereo- glauca (type collected by J. Rein). f. nikkoensis Seemen: reptans; folia magna, ad 6.5 em. longa, 3.5 cm. lata, oblonga: Nikko, on moist ground, M. Shirai (No. 20; ex von Seemen). f. riishiriensis Seemen: folia oblonga usque lanceolata, ad 4.5 em. longa, 2 cm. ta, in apicem acutam attenuata, subtus paullo pallidiora, nervatura utrinque distinctius prominula: Riishiri, U. Faurie (No. 3711; ex Seemen). 128 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA f. aomorensis Seemen: folia late ovata, ad 4 cm. longa et 3.5 cm. lata, breviter acuta (iis Populi tremulae similia): Aomori, U. Faurie (No. 808, in part; ex See men). To this form may belong C. S. Sargent’s specimen from Mt. Hakkoda, near Aomori, from foothills up to 1600 m., Oct. 2, 1892 (shrub 0.6-1.2 m. tall; with fruits). Salix Reinii, var. cyclophylloides Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 91 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo: “Rikuchu, Mt. Iwate and Hayachine-san” (fruiting types, ex Koidzumi); prov. Rikuchu, Mt. Iwate, July 15, 1903, S. Arimoto (with fruits; may be the same as the type!). In this variety the leaves are described as mostly obovate or orbicular, and often brownish pubescent on both surfaces when young; the catkins are only 15 mm. long. zi There are three specimens collected by Faurie in Hondo “ in pago Sambongi," May 8, 1908 (No. 6613, c^, No. 6614, 1 m. tall, 9) and “in planitie Sambongi, May 1908 (No. 6626, 5-6 m. tall, à?) which are similar to S. Reinii, but I am not quite sure whether or not they really belong to this species. The young leaves are somewhat blackish, and not paler on the lower surface. 89. Salix kakista Schneider, n. hybr. 5 Frutex 0.6-1.8 m. altus, valde ramosus; ramuli fructiferi glabri, fusci v. fusco- brunnei, dense cinereo-brunnei. Folia obovata v. obovato-oblonga, basi rotun interdum paulo angustata, apice pleraque satis subito breviter acuminata, ultra medium latissima, supra intense viridia, glaberrima v. costa subimpressa sparse pilosula, nervis paulo v. vix prominulis, subtus albescentia v. pallide viridia, gla- berrima (juvenilia tantum ad costam pilosa), costa nervisque prominulis, tenuiter subreticulata, nervis sub 70-60? a costa divergentibus, margine satis distincte glan- duloso-crenato-serrata v. versus basim apicemque integra, minora 3-4.5 em. longa, 1.8-2.5 cm. lata, majora 5-7 em. longa, 3-3.5 cm. lata; petioli superne laxe pilosi, — 7-10 mm. longi. Stipulae raro evolutae, vix 2 mm. longae, semiovatae, subacutae, glanduloso-dentieulatae. Amenta (fructifera tantum visa) pedunculos normaliter foliatos 1.2-3 em. longos terminantia, cylindrica, 4-5 cm. longa, 1 em. crassa, T sparse albo-villosula, pilis paucis brunneis intermixtis; flores inter fructus remanentes glabri, pedicellis ovario circiter 3-314-plo brevioribus glandulam 14 superantibus, stylo satis brevi apice bifido stigmatibus parvis emarginatis circiter 2-3-plo longiore coronata; glandula una ventralis, oblongo-rectangularis, 24 pedicelli aequans; brat- teae oblongae, obtusiusculae, sparse albo-sericea et facie pilis paucis brunneis ob- ditae, pedicello 2-plo longiores. Capsulae saepe longius pedicellatae, valvis valde recurvatis, 3-4 mm. longae. A JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Hakkoda-yama, common, lower and pe slopes, July 5, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7103, type; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall, muc: branched; with fruits); prov. Ugo, “ Akita, in sylvis," June 18, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 5752; with fruits); prov. Eshigo, Mt. Myoko, July 27, 1914 (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; with fruits); prov. Kozuke, Mt. Asama, alt. 2200 m., August 4, 1910 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with fruits); prov. Suruga, Fuji-san, alt. 2600 m» August 2, 1907 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with fruits); prov. Izumi, Nanakoshi, May 3; 1896 (No. 106, ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9). ; The different specimens referred by me to this hybrid are, of course, not quite alike. The type resembles more S. Reinii Franchet & Savatier than S. vulpina An- dersson, while others of these forms are nearer to the last named parent. : All show a certain mixture of the principal characters of the two parents. According the author, S. vulpina, var. discolor Seemen (Salic. Jap. 40 [1903]) may represent to the SALICACEAE. — SALIX 129 same hybrid. The type was collected in Hondo, near Mt. Indonosan, July 22, 1887 (No. 21; ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; ex von Seemen); see p. 131. A rather distinct form seems to be Wilson’s No. 7104 from the same locality as No. 7103. Here the fruits with their short bracts and their short broad gland much more resemble S. vulpina Andersson. Most of the leaves are distinctly whit- ish beneath, and the young ones bear a rusty tomentum on the lower surface. The catkins are very long, measuring from 6 to 8 cm. in length, nearly sessile, and re- semble those of S. japonica Thunberg, especially var. Oldhamiana, which can, however, be distinguished at once by its longer bracts with whitish (not rusty) pubescence. The specific name is derived from xdxtoros, useless. _ 90. Salix daiseniensis Seemen, Salic. Jap. 65, t. 15, fig. a-p (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XIV.210 (1904); XVI. 145, 146 (1906).— Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII, 266 (1913). Salix vulpina, var. daiseniensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 90 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Hoki, Mt. Daisen, May 20, 1899, U. Faurie (Nos. 3708, 3709, types; c' and 9, ex Seemen); prov. Itachi, Tsukuba, April 14, 1909 (ex Herb. Sakurai); prov. Rikuchu, Amibari, August 1909 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.; with fruits); same locality, April 1, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai). Hok- kaido: Rebunziri, mountains, August 1, 1899, U. Faurie (No. 3712; with ? ex von Seemen). A doubtful species. According to von Seemen the catkins of S. daiseniensis resemble those of S. Buergeriana Miquel, but they appear with the leaves, and the & flowers have one or two stamens, while the flowers of S. Buergeriana are preco- cious and the c? flowers have only one stamen. Koidzumi first made S. daiseni- ensis a variety of S. vulpina Andersson, but later kept it distinct and placed it in the sect. Phylicifoliae, saying: "Species habitu S. Sieboldianae Blume sat similis sed foliis tenuioribus; filamentis liberis fere glabris diagnoscenda." The specimen ex Herb. Sakurai from the type locality has glabrous ovaries. So far as I can judge, S. daiseniensis may be a hybrid between one of the forms of S. vulpina Anders- son and S. Sieboldiana Blume. I am not, however, quite sure if all the specimens above represent such a hybrid. See also S. ampherista Schneider. 91. Salix amnicola Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXVIII. 31 (1911). j NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime prov.: distr. Khabarovsk, “ in alveo amnis Amur,” May 19, 1910, N. Kuznetzov (No. 38, type; 9 ex Wolf). The leaves of this species are, according to Wolf, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, entire, from 2.5 to 5.4 cm. long and about 1$ as broad, somewhat pubescent on both sides and glaucous beneath. The female catkins are sessile and appear with the leaves; they are cylindric and 3 to 4 cm. long, the bracts are lingulate and acute or obtusish; the ovaries are shortly stipitate, silky, and bear a style being a little longer (14-12 of the ovary) than the pedicel; the stigmas are bilobate or bipartite and about as long as the style; the gland is as long as the pedicel, which in the fruit becomes J4 longer than the gland. Sect. 16. HASTATAE Borrerin Hooker, Brit. Fl. 433 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. 1592 (pro parte) (1838). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 157 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 251 (pro parte) sime Seemen, Salic. Jap. 18 (1903). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 130 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Saliz, sect. Rigidae Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 157 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 251 (1868). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 152 (1909). Saliz, sect. Vulpinae Seemen, Salic. Jap. 17 (1903). Species iis sect. Phylicifoliae saepe valde similes, sed praecipue differentes: folis saepe lanceolatis, amentis interdum rufescenti-pilosis, ovariis fere semper glabris.! I follow Koidzumi in uniting sect. Vulpinae (S. vulpina) again with sect. Has- tatae, and I believe that this section is most closely related to sect. Phylicifoliae. Both groups, as now limited, seem to be more artificial than natural. It is an im- teresting fact that apparently there is no species of these groups in the interior of China. 92. Salix vulpina Andersson in Mem. Am. Acad. VI. 452 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. Y. 461 (1875). — Kawakami in Tokyo Bot. Mag. X. 50 (1896). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 37, t. 5, fig. F-I (1903).— Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 208 (1904); XVI. 144 (1906). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 89, 264 (1913). Salix Miquelii Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 166, t. 9, fig. 98 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 256 (1868). Salix Miquelii, var. vulpina Andersson, 1. c. 256 (1868). Salix Shiraii, var. vulcaniana Léveillé & Vaniot in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 209 (1904). Salix ignicoma Léveillé & Vaniot, 1. c. XVI. 143 (1906). Saliz vulpina, var. typica Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 90 (1913). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Maximowicz (g); same locality, 1861, M. Albrecht (9); prov. Shiribeshi, around Otaru, June 12,1908, U. Faurie (Nos. 258, 258 bis; with fruits); without precise locality, July 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6608; with fruits); “ volcan de Tarumai," June 17, 1893, U. Faurie (Nos. 10026, 10027, 9; type of var. vulcaniana, ex Léveillé). Hondo: prov. Bit- chu, Takaya, in forests, June 24, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5751; with fruits); prov. Izumi, Shinoda, April 24, 1897 (No. 109, ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9); prov. Musashi, Yokohama, S. W. Williams & J. Morrow (c? type of S. vulpina, ex An- dersson); prov. Hitachi, Mt. Tsukuba, April 14, 1895 (No. 33 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; d); prov. Rikuchu, Mt. Iwate, April 20, 1903 (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo, à); prov. Mutsu, Aomori, in forests, May 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5763, type of S. ignicoma, ex Léveillé); “in basi montis Iwagi,” May 6, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6624; 3); “ in basi montis Hayachine," June 6, 1905, U. Faure .. (No. 6605, with fruits; No. 6606; #); same locality, June 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6621; with fruits); “ in sylvis Ubayu,” July 1, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 5757; with * Andersson also places in this section S. rhamnifolia Pallas (Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2,84 [1788]) which was founded by Pallas upon Gmelin’s No. 13 in his Fl. Sibir. 1. 159, t. 35, fig. I (1747), and which came from western Siberia, river . Lede- bour (Fl. Ross. IlI. pt. 2, 612 (1850]) mixed this species with S. rhamnifolia Hooker & Arnott, see S. fuscescens Anderson, p. 153. Andersson (in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 169, t. 9, fig. 100 [Monog. Salic.] (1867]) describes one of Ledebour's plants “ex Sibiria baicalensi." This species is a very doubtful plant, and I m not know to which form really belong C. Wrigh?'s specimens from Arakamtchat- chene Island, cited by Herder.(in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 1891]) under S. rhamnifolia Pallas. d i: el cue om. » SALICACEAE. — SALIX 131 fruits); “in planitie Sambongi," May 8, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6595; c). Kyushu: prov. Hizen, Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham?! (No. 551, type of S. Miquelii, ex Andersson). ; The typical S. vulpina to which the above specimens are referred seems to be dis- tinguished by the pale-green under surface of its leaves, its glabrous ovaries and by the reddish brown or gray and brown hairs of its bracts. There are also described the following varieties: Salix vulpina, var. discolor Seemen, Salic. Jap. 40 (1903). Folia subtus discoloria, cinerea v. rubescenti-cinerea. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ochots Sea: without precise locality, J. Small (in Collect. Wright). JAPAN. Hondo: near Mount Indonosan, July 22, 1887 (No. 21, type; ex Herb. Tokyo, ex Seemen; 9). Hokkaido: Oshima, July 10, 1890, K. Miyabe & Y. Tokubuchi (with fruits). Small’s specimen seems to be a co-type of Wright’s No. 4 mentioned by Anders- son (1867), and S. Miquelii sensu stricto seems to belong to this variety, which, I suppose, is not identical with the hybrid S. kakista Schneider, p. 128. Goin Salix vulpina, var. nikkoensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 90 “ Ovaria subsessilia, glabra; stigmate obscuriter bilobulato; bracteis albo-tomen- tosis, florum 9 suborbicularibus, @ obovato-ellipticis." JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko (ex Koidzumi). Not having seen a specimen, I cannot judge the value of this form. It may belong to S. kakista Schneider, see p. 128. Salix vulpina, var. pubescens Koidzumi, 1. c. (1913). “ Folia adulta utrinque secus costas pubescentia.” JAPAN. Southern Hondo (ex Koidzumi). I have not seen this form. Salix vulpina, var. coriacea Koidzumi, l. c. (1913). “ Folia rigide coriacea." ; JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima; Hondo: prov. Mutsu (ex Koidzumi). This seems to me a very doubtful form. d ; As far as I can see, S. vulpina Andersson may produce hybrids with several species. I have already mentioned S. daiseniensis Seemen, p. 129, and S. kakista Schneider, p. 128. Another hybrid may be S. Matsumuraei Seemen, see below. An interesting form seems to be S. vulpina, var. tomentosa Koidzumi, l. c. 265 (1913), from Hondo, prov. Shinano, Togakusimura, and prov. Kaga, Kanazawa. has very hairy leaves and fruits. Koidzumi's description is insufficient, and I have not seen a specimen. 93. Salix Matsumuraei Seemen, Salic. Jap. 71, t. 78, A-B! (1903). gr ieee, var. Matsumuraei Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 90 a ! The co-types seen by von Seemen and myself belong to S. Harmsiana Seemen, - A 163. Koidzumi does not mention any specimens of S. vulpina from u. 132 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Idzu, Shimoda, C. Wright (type; Herb. N. Pacif. Exp. Ringgold & Rodgers 1853-6; with fruits). Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hako- date, July 10, 1890, K. Miyabe & Y. Tokubuchi (with fruits; doubtful). J Judging by a co-type in Herb. Gray, this may be a hybrid between S. japonica, var. padifolia Seemen and S. vulpina Andersson, but the material is insufficient, and the co-type seems to differ in the shape of the longer, more acuminate leaves and in the partly brownish pubescence of some of the catkins which are put on the same sheet separately from the sterile branch. fe Léveillé (in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XVI. 144 [1906]) mentions U. Faurie's No. 1, from Hondo, “Ubayu, dans les forêts,” July 1, 1904, as belonging to S. Matsumuraei, but I have not seen this specimen. The same author (in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 141 [1905]), describes the c? form of this species after a specimen from Hondo, prov. Mutsu, Aomori, May 1902, collected by Kinashi (sub No. 10). Not having seen this specimen, I cannot tell if this c" plant really belongs to S. Matsumuraei, the hybrid origin of which has already been suggested by von Seemen. 94. Salix japonica Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 24 (1784); Icon. Pl. Jap. Dec. IV. t. 1 (1802). — Andersson in Mem. Am. Acad. VI. 450 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. ITI. 24 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 459 (1875). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 43, t. 7, fig. A-& (1903). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 50, fig. 20 z, 23 b (1904). Salix babylonica, var. japonica Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 51 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 213 (1868). Saliz japonica, var. nipponensis Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr.-Bot. IV. 209 (1904). Saliz japonica, f. typica Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 91 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Yokohama, Bluff, common, April 11, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6402; bush 0.9-1.2 m. tall; & and 9); prov. Sagami, Hakone mountains, wet rocks, April 16, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6447; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall, common, wet rocks); same locality, April 14, 1904 (c), April 21, 1907 (2; ep Herb. Sakurai); Mt. Oyama, May 1910 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.; 9); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, June 1, 1901, J. Matsumura & Yabe (No. 70, ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo); prov. Idzu, April 26, 1893, H. Shirasawa (8). Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, S. W. Williams & J. Morrow (ex Andersson). — The type may be distinguished as follows: Folia lanceolata, caudato-a x argute serrata serraturis productis incisisve, apice saepe integra. Glandula florum 9 altior quam lata. 1 refer to this species the following form: Salix japonica, var. typica, f. pygmaea Schneider, n. forma. Saliz japonica, var. pygmaea Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 459 (1875); II. 503 (1879). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Sagami, “circa Yokoska” (type, ex Franchet & Savatier); Hakone, March 27, 1911, Tonosawa (ex Herb. Tokyo). Frutex parvus, circiter 30 cm. altus. Amenta satis brevia, erecta. Ceterum ut videtur var. typicae simillima. Besides this we have the following varieties: Salix japonica, var. Oldhamiana Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. L 459 (1875); II. 503 (1879). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 45, t. 7, fig. -m (1903). Salix Oldhamiana Miquel in Ann. Mus. Ludg.-Bat. III. 25 (1867). Salix japonica, f. Oldhami Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 91 (1913). SALICACEAE. — SALIX 133 JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Sagami, near Kamakura, roadsides, May 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6602; bush 0.9 m. tall; leaves shining; with fruits); prov. near Yokohama, 1863, R. Oldham (No. 720, type; with fruits); Oyama, April 14, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with fruits); prov. Suruga, Fuji-san, October 1910, M. Koyama (sterile); without precise locality, P. von Siebold (? c co-type; ex Mi- quel); prov. Musashi, April 13, 1895 (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9). Folia ovato-oblonga, interdum acuminata, v. elliptico-oblonga, aut obverse oblonga et tum basi acutiuscula, satis subito brevius v. longius acuta v. subacumi- nata, fere ut in var. typica serrata. Amenta c! nondum cognita; glandula florum 9 fere ut in var. padifolia. Salix japonica, var. padifolia Seemen, Salic. Jap. 45, t. 8, fig. a~B (1903). Salix padifolia Andersson in Mem. Am. Acad. VI. 451 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 165. t. 8, fig. 67 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 255 (exclud. var. 8) (1868). Saliz japonica, f. padifolia Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 91 (1913). Folia ovato-lanceolata, apice in euspidem obliquum abrupte producta, margine plus minusve sed non profunde serrulata. Glandula florum 9, saepissime latior quam alta. JAPAN. Hondo: “ad Simoda," S. W. Williams & J. Morrow (9 type ex Andersson); prov. Echigo, Mt. Miyokozan, July 17, 1897 (No. 114, ex Herb. Tokyo; with fruits). Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1890, K. Miyabe (ex Seemen); see S. vulpina, var. discolor on p. 131, : Unfortunately there are no types of Andersson's Willows collected by Williams & Morrow in the Gray Herbarium. Seemen has seen the type of S. padifolia Andersson from the Riks Herbarium at Stockholm. Most of the specimens I have seen which are referred to S. padifolia by Japanese botanists seem to belong to S. vulpina, var. discolor Seemen or to S. kakista Schneider. Even No. 114 from Echigo mentioned above may not represent the true var. padifolia even if it Tepresents a variety of S. japonica Thunberg. There is, however, a Japanese Specimen at the Arboretum from the Herb. Yokohama Nursery Company, April 1903, without locality, consisting of c^ flowers and also old leaves which may be the # S. padifolia Andersson, as the catkins and flowers resemble those of typical S. japonica Thunberg. It may be described as follows: : 4 Ramuli foliiferi glabri v. tantum juxta gemmas puberuli, flavo-cinereo-brunnei. Folia late ovato-lanceolata v. paulo obovato-lanceolata, basi rotunda, interdum subito brevissime in petiolum producta, apice satis subito breviter acuminata, supra ut videtur intense viridia, subtus glauca, utrinque glabra, costa nervisque prominulis graciliter reticulata, nervis sub 80? a costa divergentibus 1-2 pro 1 cm., margine satis regulariter et distanter glanduloso-serrata (dentibus circiter 3 pro 1 cm.), 7-10 em. longa, 2.24 cm. lata; petioli glabri, tantum juxta gemmae superne pilosi, 8-10 mm. longi; stipulae parvae, anguste lanceolatae, circiter 2-3 mm. longae, integrae v. sparse glanduloso-denticulatae; ramuli floriferi glabri foliiferis simillima. Amenta precocia, breviter pedunculata, foliolis parvis lanceolatis sub- tus sericeis 2-3 suffulta, gracilia, anguste cylindrica, usque 5 cm. longa (haud perfecte evoluta), vix 6-7 mm. crassa, subdensiflora, rhachi subvillosa; flores c diandri filamentis glabris ima basi coalitis bracteis 2-24-plo longioribus, antheris Parvis flavis ovalibus; glandula una ventralis, satis crassa, ovato-rectangularis, apice trmneato-obtusa, bracteis oblongis obtusis viridi-brunneis fere tantum versus basim albo-sericeo-villosulis 2-3-plo brevior. : Certainly S. japonica, var. padifolia Seemen needs further observation. The 134 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA rather broad and thick gland seems to be a very characteristic feature in all the forms belonging to S. japonica Thunberg. 95. Salix Fauriei Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. Beibl. LXVII. 40 (1901); Salic. Jap. 49, t. 8, fig. c-& (1903). —? Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. U1. 351 (1907). JAPAN. Hondo: Yamakita, on rocks, May 8, 1899, U. Faurie (No. 3700; 9 type, ex von Seemen). : This interesting plant has, according to von Seemen, thin, very reddish-brown branchlets, narrow and acuminate leaves and very short petioles. The ovaries are glabrous and have short pedicels of about the length of the oval gland. I have not yet seen a specimen of the 9 plant nor of what is called the male S. Fauriet by Léveillé, 1. c. (Hakone, rocks, July 2, 1892, U. Faurie, No. 7691). ` Léveillé says: * rhachide rufo-villosa; stamina 3.” 96. Salix pyrolaefolia Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 270 (1833); Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. V. 22, t. 476 (1834); Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 613 (1850). — Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXVII. 385 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. Il. 112 (1856). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpfl. 105, t. 21, fig. 289-294 (1864). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. V1. 169, t. 9, fig. 101 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 257 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 420 (1891). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg Liesn. Inst. V. 106, t. 38, fig. 1-5, t. 44, fig. 14, t. 45 (Mam. Hsyp. Hes Espon. Poce.) (1900). — Schneider, Il. Handb. Laubholzk. 1, 15, fig. 20 z!, 23 n (1904). — Krylov, Ða. Asmaa 1221 (1909). Salix alnoides ! Schangin ex Sievers in Pallas, Neu. Nord. Beitr. VII. 347, 349 (1797?), fide Ledebour. — Georgi, Beschreib. Russ. Reich. pt. III. vol. IV. 1340 (nomen nudum) (1800). : Saliz sabulosa Turczaninow, Pl. Ezsicc. a. 1830, ex Ledebour, Fl. Ross. IIL. pt. 2, 613 (pro synon.) (1850). Salix corylifolia Turczaninow, 1. c. DE ARS ASIA. Transbaikalia to Amur and Yakutsk (ex erder). I have not seen a specimen from our area, and the species is not mentioned by Ko- marov (Fl. Mansh.). $ Ledebour (FI. Alt. IV. 270 [1833]) describes three varieties: var. ovata, var. orbi- culata, and var. cordata, based on the shape of the leaves. Andersson followed him in 1867, but in 1868 he called the var. ovata var. alnoides and var. Ma, Var. sabulosa. As Turezaninow (l. c.) says, we can find leaves of all the three kinds on the same plant. The species is very near S. hastata Linnaeus, but differs from it chiefly in the longer petioles and pedicels and in the straight hairs of the silky pubescence of the catkins which are more matted in S. hastata Linnaeus. 97. Salix hastata Linnaeus, Spec. 1017 (1753). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 467 (1874); Ind. Trees, 673 (ut videtur tantum pro parte) (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 630 (pro parte) (1888). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. X1. 421 (1891). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 51, fig. 230, 24 m-n (1904).— Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 152 (1909). For further literature see Seemen, l. c., and Herder, l. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk and Maritime prov. (ex Herder). I have only seen specimens of the following variety. Salix hastata, var. himalayensis Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 173 (Monog. Salic.) (1867). 1 If this is a valid name it would be the oldest. ugue niat ttt ep I, gnÓIetÀÀÜ ——Óm SALICACEAE. — SALIX 135 ? Salix hirta Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. I. 343 (nomen nudum) (1839). Saliz Roylei Klotzsch apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 479 (1851); Bot. Ergeb. Reise Prinz. Waldemar, 120 (nomen nudum) (1862). Saliz hastata, f. rotundifolia, f. oblongifolia Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 479 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 51 (1860). INDIA. Kashmir: “ Hazara distr., Kogan valley, Safr Haluk Sar, 18000 ft.,” June 5, 1910 (7 and 9 ); “alt. 6-9000 ped.," T. Thomson (ex Andersson); ‘‘ Western Tibet, alt. 11-15000 ped.," T. Thomson (type, 9); “ Ladak, alt. 15000 ped.,” T. Thomson (sterile); same district, ^ Kharbu Koma to Shaksi, southwest of Dah,” July 3, 1886, Schlagintweit (No. 5329; 9); “Balti, Tsogosbang above Barol Brok, right side of the Sos pér glacier,” July 17, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 6096; sterile); “ Hasóra, Sángu Sár, on the right side of the Tsunger glacier," September 12, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 6592; sterile). : The type of this variety has a long style, but No. 5392 is a rather typical S. hastata Linnaeus. Perhaps this Himalayan form is the same as S. hastata, var. alpestris Andersson, 1. c. 172 (1867). In Herb. Ind. Or. S. hastata, var. himal I8 often mixed with S. sclerophylla Andersson. See p. 112. Although I have not seen the Sikkim specimens mentioned by Hooker f., l. c. 631, I doubt if they belong to S. hastata Linnaeus. 98. Salix kenoensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 265 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Chitsibu; prov. Kozuke, Akagisan (ex Koidzumi). ; , “ Species S. Shiraii Seemen affinis, sed florum glandulis oblongis; filamentis basi tincte connatis pilosis; foliis basi obtusis non cordatis subtus secus costas ad- Presse villoso-tomentoso differt.” I have not seen a specimen of this plant. 99. Salix Shiraii Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. Beibl. LXVII. 40 (1901); Salic. d. us t. 6, fig. F-K (1903).— Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. IV. 208 JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko, on rocks, alt. 2000 m., May 1898, M. Shirai (Nos. 42, 43, types, c", ex Seemen); same locality, May 27, 1898, U. Faurie (No. 2142, co-type; 9, ex Seemen); same locality, April 1898, H. Shira- sawa (young 9 flowers); prov. Mutsu, Aomori, “in monte Hakkoda usque ad 2000 m.," June 8, 1894, U. Faurie (Nos. 13103, 13105; 9, ex Léveillé). ; I have seen only Shirasawa's specimen, the flowers of which well agree with von Seemen’s figures. But there is a plant collected by E. H. Wilson, at Nikko, a bush from 0.6-1.2 m. tall, roadsides, etc., common, alt. 700-1100 m., May 14, 1914 (No. ; @ and 9), which very much resembles S. Shiraii Seemen, except that the glands are shorter and broader, and that the pedicels of the ovaries are scarcely longer than the gland; the filaments seem to be somewhat united at the very base. 100. Salix mezereoides Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXVIII. 529 (1911). " NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: “distr. Chabarowsk, mons Janykan, July 16, 1910, N. Kuznetzov (No. 187, c' type, ex Wolf). : Wolf doubtfully refers this not fully known species to sect. Hastatae. According to the description the leaves seem to resemble those of S. characta Schneider (see P. 125), but they are “basi in petiolum longum sensim attenuata.” The c catkins appear with the leaves and are cylindrical, from 12 to 22 mm. long, the flaments are glabrous or nearly so and the bracts are ligulate. 101. Salix Nakamurana Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 96 (1913); in atsumura, Icon. Pl. Koisikav. I. 149 t. 75 (1913). 136 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix cyclophylla Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXX. Beibl. LXVII. (non Rydberg 1899) (1902); Salix. Jap. 69, t. 16, fig. -F (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. TV. 210 (1904). JAPAN. Hokkaido: summit of Mt. Riishiri, July 25, 1899, U. Faurie (No. 3713; 9 type of S. cyclophylla ex von Seemen); same locality, “repens in cavels ubi nix fusa fuerit," June 27, 1891, U. Faurie (No. 3713; 9, ex Léveillé). Hondo: prov. Shinano, on Yatsugatake, very rare, alt. 2800 m., August 1, 1910 (ex Herb. Sakurai; 9); same locality, August 1907 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Company; 9); same prov., on Siroumatake, August 8, 1908 (ex Herb. Tokyo sub nom. S. arctica); Dailenyezan, August 1912, Nakamura (types of S. Nakamurana ex Koidzumi). ; The leaves of this species are rather variable in shape, but there is otherwise no real difference between Koidzumi’s species and von Seemen’s plant according to Matsumura’s plate, and I cannot separate these twoforms. Von Seemen’s name having been used earlier by Rydberg for another species must be changed. The specimens before me have almost entire or not deeply cleft stigmas, and the pedi- cel of the ovaries is more or less distinct, while in von Seemen’s plate the stigmas are represented as deeply cleft and the ovaries almost sessile. Sect. DIPLODICTYAE Schneider, n. nom. Salix, sect. Arcticae 1 Rydberg, in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 263 (pro parte) (1899). Frutices prostrati ramulis ramisque radicantibus v. nani ramulis plus minusve erectis. Folia integra, superne ut videtur stomatibus paucis instructa, subtus pal- lida, satis firma, saepissime distincte petiolata (petiolis saepe 14-14 laminae longis). Amenta apice ramulorum foliiferorum multiflora, densiflora; flores c' glandulis duobus (an semper?) instructi, glandula dorsali saepe minima, antheris (an semper?) rubescentibus; flores 9 glandula una ventrali; ovaria subsessilia v. brevipedice lata, plus minusve pilosa v. tomentosa, stylis distinctis apice saepe bifidis, stig- matibus bifidis elongatis (? v. brevibus). Rydberg includes in this section (with some doubt, I believe) S. polaris Wahlen- burg, see p. 139, and also S. glauca Linnaeus. Von Seemen (in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. YV. 162 [1909]) says that S. arctica Pallas, S. Brownei Lundstrom and S. ovalifolia Trautvetter belong to sect. Myrtosalix. It is difficult to ge the species No. 103-106 and their relatives. It is unfortunate that Rydberg di not apparently pay any attention to the glands of the c" and 9 flowers. 103. Salix arctica Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 86 (1788). — Georgi, Beschreib. Rust. Reich. pt. III. vol. IV. 1339 (1800). — Lundström in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. 15 1877, 31, t., fig. 1, 1-3 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Bebb in Bot. Gaz. XIV. 11 (pro parte) (1889). — Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 265 (1899). — Schner der, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 41, fig. 20 n—o,26 d (1904). — Koidzumi in Tokyo B Mag. XXVI. 97 (1913). — See also Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 438 (1891)- Salix Pallasii, var. diplodictya Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 285 (pro parte) (1868). ! The name Arcticae (Arctica) was first used by Andersson (in Ofvers. K. ie Akad. Fürh. 1858, 119 and in Proc. Am. Acad. IV. 59 [Salic. Bor.-Am. 13] [1858 for a section containing S. Hookeriana Barrat, S. speciosa Hooker & Arnott, ete- which Andersson (in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 274, 275 [1868]) referred to sect. Niveae. c ÀÁÁ SALICACEAE. — SALIX 137 NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime Prov.: Plover Bay, 1865-6, W. H. Dall (ex Rydberg); Berings Island, 1891, J. M. Macoun (No. 188848, ex Rydberg). Also Arctic zone of Russia, Asia, North America and Japan: Kurile Islands (fide Koidzumi). The type of Pallas’s species was collected by Sujef on the Gulf of Obi near the Arctic Ocean. Andersson and other botanists mixed S. arctica with several different species which Lundström first distinguished. According to Rydberg the type has thick, broad, obovate or obcordate, strongly reticulate, obtuse leaves which are from 2.5-5 cm. long; the catkins are thick and from 2.5-8 cm. long. It is a shrub. See also the following species. 104. Salix anglorum Chamisso! in Linnaea VI. 541 (1831). — Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 266 (1899). Saliz arctica R. Brown in Ross, Voy. Expl. Baffin’s Bay, app. exliii. and ed. 2, II. 194 (nomen nudum; haud Pallas) (1819); Capt. Parry's Voy. App. Suppl. p. eelxxxvi (Chloris Melvill.) (1823) ;in Nees von Esenbeck, R. Brown's Verm. Bot. Schr. I. 405 (1825); in Bennett, Misc. Bot. Works R. Brown, I. 215 (1866). — Trautvetter in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 307, t. 6 je Lundström) (1832). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 438 (pro parte) 91). Saliz Brownei Lundstróm in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 37 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Bebb in Bot. Gaz. XIV. 115 (1889). Saliz arctica, var. Brownei Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 286 (exclud. f. 3) (1868). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk to Kamtchatka. des Brown's type came from the Baffin Bay region. I have not seen a Siberian specimen. This species differs according to Lundström and Rydberg from the true S. arctica Pallas in being a prostrate shrub, with thin obovate or elliptic-lanceolate, not strongly reticulate, more glabrous and often acutish leaves. The catkins are exceedingly large, and the large conical capsules are a little less hairy. The 9 speci- mens from Alaska which I have seen, have a very long style, and the c? a large ventral and a small dorsal gland. 105. Salix diplodictya Trautvetter in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 307, t. 14 (1832), fide Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. 1. 264 (1899). ze Pallasii, var. diplodictya Andersson ? in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2 (1868). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime Prov. (ex Rydberg). i This plant differs from S. arctica Pallas and S. anglorum Chamisso (according to Rydberg) in the smaller and more rounded leaves, from 1 to 3 cm. long, which are rather crowded and short-stalked, and in the shorter catkins from 1 to 3 cm. in length. The stem is less creeping than in S. arctica and the branches are shorter. As * Chamisso also cites some specimens which according to Hooker (Fl. Bor.-Am. II. 153 [1839]) belong to S. iem Hooker, 1. c., which is the same as S. phlebophylla Andersson, hence Hooker and Andersson add the name S. anglorum Chamisso as a Synonym to S. phlebophylla Andersson, and Trautvetter (in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 37 [1879]) accepted Chamisso’s name for Andersson's species. ; : * According to Andersson his variety includes the type of Pallas's S. arctica. I have not seen Trautvetter's plate. 138 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA far as I can judge this seems to be a rather doubtful species, at least I am not sure that Rydberg’s specimens are identical with Trautvetter’s form. It is omitted in the keys. 106. Salix altaica Lundstrom in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 36 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). Salix crassijulis Trautvetter in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 308, t. 15 (1832), fide Lundstrém. Salix torulosa Trautvetter, 1. c. 309 (1832), fide Lundström. Salix arctica Trautvetter in Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 283 (pro parte, non Pallas) (1833). — Ledebour, Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. V. 18, t. 460 (1834). Saliz Pallasii, var. crassijulis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 285 (an tantum pro parte?) (1868). Salix arctica, f. altaica Wolf in Krylov, Da. Asmaa, 1229 (1909). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Altai. ? Kamtchatka. The type of Lundström species is Ledebour's plate of the Altai form. Andersson cites specimens from Kamtchatka. So far as I can judge by the plate and by the specimens from the Altai, the leaves are elliptic and acute at both ends or obovate- oblong and gradually narrowed into the rather short petioles. They are rather smooth on the lower surface and only slightly reticulate. : It would need copious and good material clearly to fix the limits of the different species of this group which, according to Lundstróm, seem connected with S. glauca Linnaeus and other arctic species by so many intermediate forms. There may be several hybrids among them. 107. Salix oreinoma Schneider, n. sp. y Frutex humilis, ramis prostratis radicantibus; ramuli initio sericeo-villosi, sed mox glabri, flavo-brunnei v. purpurei, vetustiores nigrescentes. Folia minora ro- tunda v. obovata, utrinque obtusa v. rotunda, majora elliptica v. obovato-ellip- tica, basi rotunda v. obtusa, apice saepe subacuta, novella ut videtur utrinque sparse sericeo-villosa, dein mox glabra, supra satis viridia, tenuiter reticulata, subtus pallida, tenuissime albo-punctata, costa nervisque flavescentibus elevatis, sed vix reticulata, margine minute distanter glanduloso-crenato-serrata, minora 1-1.7 cm. longa, 0.7-1.3 cm. lata, maxima usque ad 2.5 cm. longa et ad 1.5-1.7 cm. lata; petioli 4-6 mm. longi, superne sulcati, glabri. Amenta (9 tantum visa) apice ramu- lorum lateralium 2-4 cm. longorum folia plura normalia gerentium 1.3-2 cm. longa, circiter 0.9 cm. crassa, pluri- et densiflora, rhachi villosula; ovaria sessilia, sericeo- villosa, ovato-oblonga, stylo satis longo apice bifido, stigmatibus partitis linearibus divaricatis coronata; glandula una ventralis, pleraque ovato-oblonga, sed inter- dum lata et variabiliter incisa, circiter 14 ovarii aequans; bracteae flavo-brunnes- centes, ovato-ellipticae, apice truncatae, tantum extus basi villosae, 26-34 ovarii aequantes. CHINA. Western Szech’uan: southwest of Tachien-lu, bed of torrents, alt. 4000 m., July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4515, type, 9). This interesting species most resembles S. diplodictya Trautvetter, but the leaves are not entire. As long as the ¢ flowers are unknown I place it with some doubt in this section. The specific name is derived from ópewónos, living on the mountains. Sect. 17. MYRSINITES Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 431 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. IIL. 1587 (pro parte) (1838). SALICACEAE. — SALIX 139 Salix, sect. Myrtosalix Kerner in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. X.203 (Niederoest. Weid.) (1860). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 161 (1909). A sect. Diplodictyae praecipue recedit foliis utrinque viridibus et reticulatis, saepe serratis, floribus c? glandula tantum ventrali instructis. In my Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. (I. 41 [1904]) I referred S. arctica Pallas (see p. 136), which is placed by Koehne (Deutsche Dendr. 95 [1903]) and by von Seemen (1909) in the sect. M: yrtosaliz, to the section where S. glauca Linnaeus belongs (see p. 147). In S. arctica Pallas I have found stomata in the upper surface of the leaves, as did Camus (Classif. Saul. d’ Europe, Il. 54 [1905]). Camus keeps S. arctica Pallas with S. Myrsinites Linnaeus in the sect. Myrtosaliz, but 1 cannot accept his rather artificial classification based on anatomical characters. Only a comparative study of all the existing Willows with regard to every character pre- sented by the sexual and vegetative organs can lead us to a natural arrangement. If there are only a few stomata in the upper surface of the leaves, this character does not seem to be very useful. I add S. polaris Wahlenberg to this section because this species agrees very well with S. Myrsinites Linnaeus in the structure of the c? and 9 flowers and in the color and retieulation of the leaves. The position of S. microphyta Franchet is still doubtful. 108. Salix Myrsinites Linnaeus, Spec. II. 1018 (1753). — Pokorny, Oester. Holzpfiz. 81, t. 17, fig. 200-205 (1864). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 442 (1891). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 108, t. 28, fig. 6-74 (Mam. - Hes Eepon. Poce.) (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 42, fig. 19 o, 21 v-x (1904). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 162 (1909). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 31, t. 33 (1914). For further literature and synonyms see Herder, l. c., and von Seemen, |. c. Bede) DEASTERN ASIA. Maritime Prov. and Kamtchatka (ex er). I have not seen any specimen of this species from our area. It is a very variable Pperiea; and a prostrate or somewhat erect much branched low shrub. The leaves are shining green, and vary from orbicular-oval to narrow-lanceolate. The petioles are only from 1 to 5 mm. long. The catkins resemble those of S. arctica Pallas and are very silky when they first appear. 109. Salix polaris Wahlenberg, FI. Lapp. 261, t. 13, fig. 1 (1812). — Andersson, ye Lapp. 86, fig. 28 (1845); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 299 (1868). — undstrém in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 29 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 448 (1891).— Wolt in zv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 113, t. 39, fig. 5-7, t. 46, fig. 10 (Mam. Hay. Hes Eepon. Pocc.) (1900); Wolf & Palibin, Onped. Jepee. Kycm. Espon. Poce. 78, fig. (1904). — Schneider, Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 39, fig. 27 d—e (1904).— Camus, Classif. Saules d Eu- rope, IT. 48 (1905). ; NORTHERN ASIA. Yakutsk: Arakam Island, 1853-6, C. Wright. — The proper position of this species is uncertain. Most authors include it in the Sect. Herbaceae, and. Andersson even says, l. e. (1868): “S. herbaceae ita similis, ut ab ea vix distinguatur." In my Laubholzkunde, |. c., I stated, that I had never Seen a c? flower with a dorsal gland which seems to be always present in S. herbacea anaeus. In habit S. polaris is different from S. Myrsinites Linnaeus, but other- Vise, I do not see any difficulty in placing it in the same section. In Wright's Specimen the 9 flowers sometimes have a small dorsal gland and the length of the cel and style is very variable. 140 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA It is with some doubt that I add also the following species with glabrous ovaries to this section, but I have been able to find only one gland in the c? flowers. 110. Salix microphyta Franchet. See p. 62. Sect. 18. OVALIFOLIAE ! Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 274 (1899). Frutices humiles, plerique prostrati, truncis v. ramis radicantibus. Folia in- tegra, 1-2 cm. longa, subtus pallida, reticulata. Amenta pluriflora, ramulos folii- feros terminantia; flores # diandri, glandula ventrali et dorsali, antheris flavis?; flores 9 ovariis pubescentibus v. glabris, stylis brevibus sed distinctis, stigmatibus bifidis, glandula una ventrali v. interdum ut videtur etiam dorsali. ; I doubt if the species united by Rydberg in this section really belong in the same group. 111. Salix ovalifolia Trautvetter in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 306 (1832), fide Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 620 (1850). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 291 (pro parte) (1868). — Lundstróm in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3, 1877, 40, t., fig. 2 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877), ut videtur tantum var. fypwa. — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 444 (1891). — Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. 1. 275 (1899). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk: “in terra Tschuktschorum," A. vom Chamisso & J. F. Eschscholiz (ex Ledebour); Maritime Prov.: “ad fl. Ajan, H. Tiling (ex Herder); Kamtchatka: “in alpibus," K. H. Mertens (in herb. Trautvetter). According to Lundström (l. c. 16), S. ovalifolia is nearly related to S. reptans Ruprecht, but it certainly is very difficult to limit the typical forms. They are apparently very variable and are connected by intermediate forms with S. arctica Pallas, S. glauca Linnaeus and other species. The typical S. ovalifolia Trautvetter has glabrous ovaries, the pedicels and styles are sometimes short, but distinct and sometimes are wanting or nearly obsolete. s: According to the description, I believe that S. erythrocarpa Komarov (in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 165 [1914]) is the same as or very closely related to S. ovalifolia. The type was collected by Komarov *'in alpibus peninsulae Kamtschatkae cirea lacus Natshika at Kronotzkoe, et ad fontes fl. Kamtshatka, annis 1908-09. or it may possibly represent a new species of sect. Lindleyanae and may be closely related to S. Souliei Seemen and S. brachista Schneider. : 112. Salix phlebophylla Andersson in Ofvers. Vetensk.- Akad. Fórh. XV.132 (1858); in Proc. Am. Acad. IV. 27 (Salic. Bor.-Am.) (1858); in De Candolle, Prodr. pt. 2, 290 (pro parte) (1868).— Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 275 (1899). Saliz retusa Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 130 (non Linnaeus) (1832).— Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. 11. 153 (1839).—Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 40 (1852). Salix Uva-ursi Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 444 (non Pursh) (1891). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime Prov.: Behring Straits, Arakam Island, 1853-6, C. Wright (ex Rydberg). Rydberg, 1. c., says that the type is “ No. 96 of Herb. Hook., Barratt & Torr. from the Arctic Coast." Hooker, l. c. (1839), cites Hooker and Arnott, 1. c. (1832), where the S. retusa is said to come from Kotzebue Sound. Seemann quotes the same specimen and alsoaspecimen from Pelly Island collected by Pullen. Seemann 8 1 Toepfler (Salicol. Mitteil. No. 4, 186 [1911]) cites a sect. Ovalifoliae Pokorny (Oester. Holzpft. 58 (1864]), but there is no such section. The name Ovalifoliae 18 only a paragraph in a key, otherwise Pokorny has adopted the systematic arrange" ment of Kerner. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 141 specimen is the type of S. phlebophylla Andersson, f. major. The second form, f. media, is based upon “ Cap Mulgrave: Beechey ” and “ Arctic coast: Dr. Richards- son.” The third form, f. minor, is described without citing a specimen. In all these 3 forms the capsules are described as “ glaberrimae,’’ but in 1868 Andersson mixed these forms with others saying: *capsulis . . . tenuiter puberulis sessilibus." Ryd- berg says: * and the capsule somewhat puberulent when young." He quotes C. Wright’s specimen mentioned above. I suppose this specimen is the same as that quoted by Herder, 1. c., under S. Uva-ursi Pursh, which is a species of northeastern America. I have seen no specimen of Wright which belongs to S. phlebophylla. Sect. 19. BERBERIFOLIAE Schneider, n. sect. Frutices humiles trunco crasso prostrato saepe radicante, ramulis parvis erectis v. procumbentibus. Folia ut in sect. Myrsinites, utrinque viridia et reticulata, argute, saepe inaequaliter inciso-serrata v. crenato-serrata. Amenta ramulos folia- tos plus minusve longos terminantia, breviter v. longius cylindrica, densiflora, satis crassa; flores c? diandri, biglandulosi, glandula dorsali saepe minima, antheris initio ut videtur flavis deinde nigrescentibus; flores 9 glandula una ventrali v. interdum etiam glandula dorsali minima, ovariis glabris plus minusve pedicellatis, stylis brevibus v. mediocribus, stigmatibus bipartitis oblongis. This section differs from sect. Myrsinites especially in the biglandular c? flowers, from the sect. Herbaceae in its longer many-flowered catkins and more distinct yles. 113. Salix berberifolia Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 84 (excl. tabula)! (1788). — Georgi, Beschreib. Russ. Reich. pt. III. vol. IV. 1339 (1800). — Forbes, Salic. Woburn. 276, fig. 140 (1829). — Ledebour, Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. V. 15, t. 449, fig. g-k (1834). — Trautvetter in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. 621 (1850). Saliz Brayi, var. berberifolia Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 293 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 445 (1891). Salix berberifolia, var. genuina Glehn in Act. Hort. Petrop. IV. 81 (1876). Salix berberifolia, var. leiocarpa Trautvetter in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 35 (Fl. Terr. Tschuktschor.) (1879). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: Barguin River, rocks, G. W. Steller (type of Gmelin); * Davuria, in rupibus calvis montium excelsissimorum, juxta nives," Sujeff (Pallas’s type). Kamtchatka: G. W. Steller (Pallas's co-type). I have not seen a type specimen. According to Trautvetter the var. genuina Glehn, 1. c., may be distinguished by “ foliis profunde inciso-serratis, serraturis pa- tentissimis, immo deorsum erectis," while the following var. Brayi differs by “ foliis minute serratis, serraturis sursum spectantibus." There is a var. eriocarpa Traut- vetter (in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 35 [1879]) with pubescent ovaries; the type of it Was found by Turczaninow “ in alpe Czekondo tractus baicalensis,” together with var. genuina. i I suppose the following variety is very closely connected with the typical form. Salix berberifolia, var. Brayi Trautvetter ex Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 445 (1891) * This species was first figured by Gmelin as Salix pumila foliis dense congestis ovalibus cristatis (FL. Sibir. I. 161, t. 35, fig. 3 [1747)), and later by Pallas as Saliz ze sessilibus ovatis dentato-serratis venosis nitentibus (Reise, LI. App. 789, t Kk, . 7 [1776]). 142 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix Brayi Ledebour, Fl. Alt. IV. 289 (1833); Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. V. 15, t. 449 (excl. fig. g-k) (1834). — Trautvetter, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 621 (1850). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 293 (excl. var. y) (1868). — Krylov, Q4. Aamaa, 1231 (1909). Salix berberifolia Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, t. 82 (1788), exclud. descriptione fide Trautvetter. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Altai: type collected by A. Bunge (ex Traut- vetter); * Verchov. r. dscholo, pod Lednikom,” July 4, 1901, P. Krylov (c? and? flowers), without locality (ex Herb. Mus. Bot. Tomsk, fruiting specimen). Kamt- chatka: Kastalsky & Rieder (ex Herder). In Krylov’s specimen the c? flowers have two glands, and the bracts are covered with a fine silky pubescence somewhat like those of S. Myrsinites Linnaeus. The fruits are ovate, acute with a pedicel twice longer than the gland and about % shorter than the capsule. The serration of the leaves is very sharp and irregular. 114. Salix flabellaris Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 497 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 54 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 295 (1868). — Klotzsch & Garcke, Bot. Ergeb. Reise Prinz. Waldemar, 120, t. 90 (1862). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 634 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). Salix obovata Wallich, Cat. No. 3698 (nomen nudum) (1829). Saliz lucida Herb. Jacquemont No. 1160, ex Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 497 (pro synon.) (1851). Salix rotundifolia Herb. Royle ex Andersson, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1851). INDIA. Kashmir: “ in humidis herbosis sub jugis versus Soognum,” alt. 4000 m., August 1, 1829, V. Jacquemont (type of S. flabellaris, ex Andersson); Ku. maon: N. Wallich (No. 3698; co-type ex Andersson); “ in alpibus himalensibus, W. Hoffmeister (ex Andersson); Punjab: Kunawur, “ reg. alp., 15000 ped.,” T. Thomson (with fruits). Andersson describes several forms. I have only seen Thomson’s specimen and & photograph of Wallich’s No. 3698. Judging from Klotzsch and Garcke’s plate this species is nearly related to S. berberifolia Pallas, but the serration of the leaves 18 much more like that of S. herbacea Linnaeus, the flowering forms of which from the Altai I mention on p. 143 seem to be not unlike some forms of S. . Sect. 20. HERBACEAE Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 432 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. IIT. 1590 (pro parte) (1838). — Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. (1899).— Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 110 (Mam. Hays. Hes : -Pocc.) (pro parte) (1900). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. F l. IV. 64 (pro parte) (1908). Salix, sect. Chamaetia Dumortier in Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. 1825 (Veri h. Gesl. Wilgen 15) (1825), exclud. S. reticulata. Salix, sect. Glaciales W. D. Koch, De Salic. Europ. Comm. 61 (pro parte) (1828). Saliz, sect. Retusae Kerner in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien X. 195 (Niederöstr. Weid.) (1860). — Rydberg in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. I. 277 (1899). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 84 (1908). Saliz, sect. Nitidulae (sive Glaciales), subsect. b. Retusae Andersson in De Can- dolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 293 (pro parte) (1868) et subsect. d. Herbaceae An- dersson, 1. c. 297 (pro parte). Fruticuli pygmaei, trunco decumbente subterraneo repente, ramulis prostratis, saepe radicantibus. Folia glabra, rotundata, obovata, elliptica v. rarius lanceo- lata, utrinque viridia et reticulata, crasse papyracea, integra v. plus minusve den- SALICACEAE. — SALIX 143 ticulata. Amenta ramulos foliosos terminantia, pleraque brevia et pauciflora; flores c? biglandulosi; 9 plerique tantum glandula una ventrali instructa, sed interdum biglandulosi; ovaria saepissime glabra, brevipedicellata v. subsessilia, stylo brevi stigmatibus bipartitis coronata. It seems to me also impossible to separate the sect. Retusae from the sect. Her- baceae on account of the serrate or entire leaves or the presence of a second gland in the? flowers. As I find and as it is stated by Toepffer (Salicet. Exsiccat. sub No. 27), the 9 flowers of S. herbacea Linnaeus usually have only a ventral gland. Even in the g' flowers the gland very rarely seems to be “ ringartig, oberwürts unregel- missig eingeschnitten," as described by von Seemen. 115. Salix herbacea Linnaeus, Spec. 1018 (1753). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpfl. 80, t. 17, fig. 197-199 (1864). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 447 (1891). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bäume & Sträucher, YI. 107, fig. 192 G (1896). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 112, t. 38, fig. 21-22 a, t. 39, fig. 1-4 (Mam. Hayu. Hes Espon. Poce). (1900); Wolf & Palibin, Onped. /lepes. Kycm. Espon. Pocc. 76, fig. (1904). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 39, fig. 19 f, 20 r-r? (1904). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 64 (1908). — Moss, Cam- bridge Brit. Fl. TI. 27, t. 30( 1914). For further information see Herder, 1. c., and von Seemen, 1. c. co ASIA. Transbaikalia to the Maritime Prov. (ex erder). Specimens collected by P. N. Meyer, Altai, Eemonskai, June 20, 1911 (No. 858; G') and Altaisk, June 10, 1911 (No. 820; 9) have rather long, narrow, cylindrical catkins, There is a very small dorsal gland in both the sexes. I have not seen a Specimen from the northeastern parts of Siberia. This species may have been con- fused with S. polaris Wahlenberg and S. rotundifolia Trautvetter, both of which have usually entire leaves. See also S. flabellaris Andersson, above. 116. Salix rotundifolia Trautvetter in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 304, t. 11 (Salic. frigid.) (1832), fide Lundstróm. — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. Pt. 2, 299 (1868).— Lundstróm in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, t. 30, fig. 3 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 276 (1899). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 112, t. 38, fig. 15-20, t. 46, fig. 7-9 (Mam. Hsyu. Hes Espon. Pocc.) (1900). — — var. rotundifolia Treviranus ex JE ges at ém. vu " ips osc. II. 305 (pro on.) (Salic. Frig.) (1832), fide Lundstróm. — in Mém. Sav. fir. deo x. s Pawar: IL. 607 (Verz. Altai-Geb. Pf. 85) (1835); Verz. Altai-Geb. Pfl. ed. 8°, 114 (1836). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. 624 (1850). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 446 (1891). Saliz nummularia Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 298 (1868). — Krylov, Da. Aamaa, 1263 (1909). For further information see Lundström, 1. c. c UETHRASTERN ASIA. Arctic Siberia: Behring Straits, Arakam Island, : Wright, 1853-6. The types of S. rotundifolia Trautvetter and S. nummularia Andersson were the same: A. T. von Middendorff, Maritime Prov., Boganida River, and A. Bunge, Altai, “in summis alpibus ad fl. Tschuja.” Whether Andersson’s S. nummularia, Var. subretusa (in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 298 [1868]) represents a distinct variety I do not know. S. rotundifolia Trautvetter is very near S. retusa Linnaeus, but the leaves are rounded or cordate at the base and not attenuated and acute. 144 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA ' Sect.21. RETICULATAE E. Fries, Sylloge Pl. Nov. II. 38 (pro parte) (1828).— Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 422 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1542 (1838). — Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. Y. 259 (1899). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 67 (1908). — Ball in Coulter & Nelson, New Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 138 (1909). Saliz, sect. Nitidulae s. Glaciales, d. Reticulatae Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 300 (1868). Fruticuli pygmaei habitu iis sect. Herbaceae similes, interdum frutices nani. Folia satis crassa, supra nervis saepissime impressis subtus elevatis reticulata, dis- coloria, integra, longe petiolata. Amenta ramulos foliatos terminantia, anguste cylindrica, pleraque multiflora; flores c? et 2 glandulis duobus saepe pseudodiscum lobulatum formantibus instructi; ovaria sessilia, plus minusve tomentosa, stylis nullis v. brevissimis, stigmatibus bipartitis. 117. Salix reticulata Linnaeus, Spec. 1018 (1753). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 301 (excl. var. 8) (1868). — Lundstróm in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 31 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 450 (1891). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 114, t. 39, fig. 8-10, t. 46, fig. 4-6 (Mam. Hsyu. Hes Eepon. Poce.) (1900). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Baume & Sträucher, IL. 107, fig. 192 b-f (1892). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 40, fig. 14 g-h, 18 a-d (1904). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 26, t. 29 (1914). Saliz reticulata, var. glabra Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. 623 (1850). $ ? Salix reticulata, var. villosa Ledebour, 1. c. (1850). — Toepffer, Schedae Salic. Exsicc. Fasc. III. 71 (1908). Chamitea reticulata Kerner in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. X. 277 (Niederoestr. Weid.) (1860). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpft. 126, t. 24, fig. 364-365 (1864). For further information see Herder, |. c., and von Seemen, l. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Kamtchatka. According to Rydberg (in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. I. 260 [1899]), the true S. reticulata is absent from North America, and S. vestita Pursh (Fl. Am. Sept. Il. 610 [1814]) does not occur in Asia. The specimens mentioned by Herder, l. c. 451, as S. reticulata, var. sericea Andersson belong to S. reticulata Linnaeus and not to S. vestita Pursh, which differs in its shorter-stalked leaves with a persistent silky pubescence on the lower surface. The petioles are only about as long as the buds. Sect. 22. LINDLEYANAE Schneider, n. sect. Salix, sect. Nitidulae, a. Myrtosaliz Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 285 (1868) et b. Retusae Andersson, l. c. 293 (pro parte). Fruticuli pygmaei habitu iis sect. Herbaceae. Folia parva v. minima, pleraque lanceolata, oblanceolata v. ovato-lanceolata, integra v. serrata v. lobulato-incisa, supra viridia, nervis plus minusve impressis v. enervia, subtus discoloria, pallida v. glauca v. pallide viridia, costa nervisque elevatis v. enervia. Amenta ramulos foliolatos terminantia, pleraque brevia et pauciflora; flores c" diandri, antheris (an semper) flavis, glandulis duobus; flores 9 glandula pleraque unica ventrali; ovaria glabra, brevipedicellate, stylo brevi v. mediocri apice bifido, stigmatibus ipartitis. This section is apparently nearly related to sect. Herbaceae, but differs in the leaves, which are paler below and have a different venation. 'The geographical distribution of the species is also entirely different; the Himalaya and the high mountains of western China being regions where no species of sect. Her- baceae occurs. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 145 118. Salix Lindleyana Wallich apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 499 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 56 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 296 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 634 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). Salix furcata Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 291 (pro parte) (1868). INDIA. Kumaon: Pindari, alt. 12000 feet,” Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 12, types of S. furcata, c^ and 9); “ distr. Johar, Milum glacier, alt. 11200-12000 feet,” June 25, 1865, Schlagintweit (No. 9626; à); Nepal: “ad Gossain Than,” R. Blinkworth (Herb. Wallich No. 3697, type of S. Lindleyana, 9 , ex Andersson); Sikkim: Kin chin jhow, “ 16000 ped.," September 14, 1849, J. D. Hooker (2). Andersson describes two forms: var. latifolia (1. c. 300 [1851] et 1. c. 56 [1860]): foliis 3-4 lin. longis, 1-2 lin. latis, apicem versus subserrulatis, and var. microphylla (I. c. [1851] and 1. c. 296 [1868]): foliis 1-2 lin. longis, lineam latis, margine subin- tegro revolutis. To the last form belong the specimens cited above. Hookerf. (l. c. 635 [1888]) mentions a “ forma major Andersson in Herb. Wall." (S. clavata Wallich, Cat. 3698," by R. Blinkworth, Kumaon): ‘ Leaves 1-114 in. rounded obovate nar- Towed into a petiole 14 in. , and capsules nearly 14 in. long.” It seems to be a differ- ent species. According to Andersson the leaves are “ subtus opaco-glaucescentia costa flava nitente eximie prominente plana,” which is the case in the specimens I have seen. The leaves of the type of S. furcata Andersson are denticulate, and the nerves are more or less prominent beneath; the petioles are very short compared with blade. The broad ventral glands of the flowers are the same in both sexes as in the typical S. Lindleyana; the stamens are glabrous. I cannot see a real difference between it and S. furcata Andersson. Andersson apparently mixed S. furcata with his S. fruticulosa which he omitted from the Prodromus, only citing S. arbuscula Anders- son (1860) as a synonym of S. furcata. The S. arbuscula is apparently a misprint for S. fruticulosa, which belongs to a different section (see p. 119). 119. Salix brachista Schneider, n. sp. M Frutex pygmaeus facie S. Lindleyanae Andersson; rami prostrati, radicantes, flavo-brunnei; ramuli procumbentes (v. erectiusculi?) graciles, glabri, rubescentes; gemmae parvae, obtusae, glabrae. Folia perparva, firma, elliptica, utrinque acuta, Y. elliptico-spathulata, apice obtusa, supra viridia, glabra, costa impressa, nervis Interdum subprominulis, subtus pallida, sed non glauca, praesertim ad costam pilis longis Sericeis conspersa v. glabra, costa nervisque distincte prominulis interdum Subretieulata, margine versus apicem minute denticulata v. rarius subintegra, 4-9(-10) mm. longa, 1.5-5 mm. lata, basi in petiolos 1-3 mm. longos saepe sericeos angustata. Amenta c tantum visa, ramulos densifoliatos 1.5-2.5 cm. longos inter- Sone laxe sericeos terminantia, ovato-cylindrica, 7-10 mm. longa, circiter 5 mm. lata, Pluriflora, rhachi sparse villosa, flores c? diandri, filamentis basi villosis brac- vix duplo superantibus, antheris parvis ovalibus flavis instructi; glandulae duae, ventralis anguste oblonga, basi subcrassior, bracteis duplo brevior, dorsalis minor, angustior; bracteae obovato-oblongae, flavae, glabrae, apice interdum trun- catae et denticulatae. : TINA: Western Szech’uan: Ching-chi Hsien, Ta-hsiang-ling, mountains, t. 2800 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4511, type; c). ; It is with some hesitation that I describe this plant as a new species. It may be only a form of S. Souliei Seemen, the c? of which according to von Seemen chiefly ers in its entire more glaucous leaves, its shorter catkins and in its glabrous fila- ments. Unfortunately I have not been able to examine the type of S. Souliei (see 146 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA p.62). S.brachista also is nearly related to S. Lindleyana Andersson, which differs in its more glaucous leaves, in the glabrous filaments and in the much broader ven- tral gland. The specific name is derived from Spdaxtaros, very small. 120. Salix Souliei Seemen. See p. 62. 121. Salix oreophila Hooker f. apud Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 57 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 296 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 635 (1888). INDIA. Sikkim: “reg. alp. alt. 15-16000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (type; c flowers and fruits). This is a very small, flabellately branched, prostrate shrub. The leaves are green- ish beneath; their nerves are impressed above, and do not show on the lower surface; the serration is rather deep, and the teeth are incurved, or the leaves are rather trilobate at the apex. The bracts, at least of the c" plant, are slightly lobulate; the filaments are glabrous. Salix oreophila, var. secta Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 297 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 635 (1888). Saliz secta Hooker f. apud Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 57 (1860). INDIA. Sikkim: "reg. alp., alt. 14000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (type, o and also 9, ex Andersson, who says: “ 17000 ped."). S. secta Hooker f. seems to be only a very small form of S. oreophila Hooker f., differing in its smaller, somewhat broader leaves, which are lobulate at the apex (foliis cuneatis apice 3-5-fidis). The bracts in the male co-type before me are ob- tuse at the apex and the filaments are glabrous as in the type of S. oreophila. It resembles the European S. serpyllifolia Scopoli. These are, so far as I know, the smallest Willows known. 122. Salix calyculata Hooker f. apud Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 55 (1860); a De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 296 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 635 1888). DOM Sikkim: “reg. alp., alt. 12-15000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (type; c and ?). According to Hooker, this is “ a very small gnarled shrub, with ascending branch- lets." I have seen the types the leaves of which apparently are not yet fully devel- oped. The d flowers have two very long and narrow glands, the dorsal being scarcely smaller than the ventral. They are about half as long as the oblong glab- rous bracts which are ciliate and somewhat emarginate at the apex. The free rous filaments are only 34 longer than the bracts. The flowers apparently are not in a normal condition, the ovaries being narrowly oblong with short sessile stigmas. Andersson says: “ capsulis breviter pedicellatis ovatis glabris, stylo mediocri stigmatibus brevibus." The gland is rather broad, ovate-rectangular, truncate OT emarginate at the apex; the bracts are glabrous, broadly obovate, crenulate at the apex, nearly enveloping the ovaries. The younger branchlets and leaves are loosely covered with long silky hairs. A c specimen, collected by G. Forrest, Yunnan, Tali Range, alt. 3300-3800 m., August 1906 (No. 4603), which was named S. microphyta Franchet by Diels (in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 252 [1912]) looks very much like S. cal The flowers have glabrous filaments and two rather large and broad glands. The Yunnan plant, however, differs widely from S. microphyta Franchet (see p. 62) &nd may represent a new species; certainly it needs further study. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 147 Sect. 23. SERPYLLA Schneider, n. sect. A sectione Lindleyanae praecipue differt glandulis duobus florum c? bipartitis V. bilobis pseudodiseum 4-partitum formantibus, stylis florum 9 gracillimis bipartitis ramis divaricantibus, stigmatibus minimis emarginatis. Aecording to these characters the following species seems to represent a distinct group. 123. Salix Serpyllum Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 55 (1860); in De Can- dolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 292 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 634 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). Salix longipes Hooker & Thomson in Herb. Ind. Or. apud Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 56 (pro synon.) (1860). vini Sikkim: “ reg. alp., alt. 10-14090 [non 17000] ped.," J. D. Hooker (c? and 9 types). Having seen the types from the Kew Herbarium [Lachen, 10000’, June 3, 49], I agree with Andersson, who says: “ Distinctissima est species, crescendi modo (fere ut in Thymo serpyllo) ramis et foliis omnibus diversa." The fruiting aments are up to 4.5 em. long; while the young 9 catkins are only from 1-1.5 em. in length. Andersson describes the rachis of the c catkins as “ aureopilosa." I find only a grayish pubescence, otherwise his description is correct. Sect. 24. GLAUCAE E. Fries; Syllog. Pl. Nov. 1I. 36 (pro parte) (1828).— Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 422 (pro parte) (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1543 (pro parte) (1838). Saliz, sect. Frigidae W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 53 (pro parte) (1828). Saliz, sect. Niveae s. Glaucae, c. Sericeae Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 280 (1868). : Saliz, sect. Sericeae Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 93 (1903). — Seemen in Ascher- son & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 57 (1908). F rutices erecti, plerique parvi. Folia elliptico-lanceolata v. elliptica usque obo- vata, integra, mollia. Amenta plus minusve foliato-pedunculata; flores c" glandu- lis duobus instructi, antheris (an semper?) rubescentibus; flores 9 glandula una ventrali (v. interdum etiam dorsali) instructi, ovariis sericeo-lanatis pedicellatis, stylis distinctis saepe apice bifidis, stigmatibus bifidis oblongis. — This section shows a relationship with several other groups, and it is with some doubt that I refer to it S. floccosa Burkill and S. opsimantha Schneider. 124. Salix glauca Linnaeus, Spec. 1019 (1753). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 280 (1868).— Lundstróm in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 38 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. Xl. 435 (1891). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 24, t. 24, fig. 5, t. 25, fig. 1-10 (Mam. Hayu. Hes Espon. Poce.) (1900). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 41, fig. 21 e-g, 25 k (1904). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. TV. 88 (1909). For further information see Herder, l.c., and von Seemen, I. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Kamtchatka. tour witble species which seems to be connected by intermediate (or hybrid?) with 5. arctica F Chamisso, S. lanata aeus, etc., see also Lundstróm, 1. c. Pis d. DNO UE 2s 125. S. opsimantha Schneider. See p. 63. 1 Fries's name is older than sect. Frigidae W. Koch. 148 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 126. Salix floccosa Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 529 (1899). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 119 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). CHINA. Yunnan: “ Maeul chan, and rocks of Lao long tong above Yen-tze- hay at 11000 ft." also “ Li chiang at 12500 ft., always on a calcareous formation,” J. Delavay (Nos. 2200, 3105, 4323, 4678, ex Burkill) ; ** summit of exposed cliffs form- ing a side valley on the eastern flank of the Lichiang range, alt. 10000-10500 ft., June 1906,” G. Forrest (No. 2318; shrub 0.6-0.9 m. tall; ex Diels). I have not seen a specimen of this Willow, which seems to be most nearly related to S. opsimantha Schneider (p. 63). Burkill placed it in sect. Viminales, but according to his description it may be better placed in sect. Glaucae, and certainly it does not belong to sect. Viminales. 1t also resembles some species of sect. Eriostachyae. Sect. 25. CAPREAE Bluff & Fingerhuth,! Comp. Fl. Germ. Yl. 565 (pro parte) (1825). — Dumortier, Fl. Belg. Prodr. 11 (Capraeae) (1827). — W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 31 (pro parte) (1828). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 57 (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 215 (pro parte) (1868). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 57 (1904). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 17 (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 58 (1908). Saliz, sect. Cinereae E. Fries in Syllog. Pl. Nov. 1I. 37 (1828). — Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 424 (1830); in Loudon, Arb. Brit. ITT. 1553 (1838). Saliz, sect. Capreae, subsect. Y Rugosae Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. I. 1 (1830). Saliz, sect. Rugosae Kerner in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, X. 242 (1860). Arbores mediocres v. frutices alti parvive. Folia ovata, elliptica, obovata v. obovato-lanceolata, supra saepe venulis impressis rugosa, subtus pleraque elevato- reticulata, novella v. etiam adulta plus minusve pubescentia. Amenta pleraque praecocia et sessilia, ovata v. cylindrica, satis crassa; bracteae pleraeque bicolores; flores c? diandri, filamentis plerisque liberis, antheris flavis, glandula una ventrali; flores 9? glandula una, ovariis plerisque pilosis longe pedicellatis, stylo nullo v. brevis- simo, stigmatibus brevibus v. oblongis. The species of this section are distinguished by the long pedicels and by the short styles or sessile stigmas. 127. Salix cinerea Linnaeus, Spec. 1021 (1753). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpft. 112, t. 23, fig. 316-317 (1864). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 400 (1891). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Baume & Sträucher, II. 116, fig. 199 F-G (1897). — Wolf in Izv. S.- Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. I. 72, t. 36, fig. 6-16 (Mam. Hayx. Hes Eapon. Poc.) (1900); XIV. 189, 195, t. (Asiam. Hew, I.) (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 22 (1903). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 58, fig. 24 2-8, 25 f-g (1904). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 93 (1909); apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. (1912), ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912).—Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 213 (Fl. Kor. 1I.) (1911). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. 11. 54, t. 52-53 (1914). For further synonyms and literature see Herder, 1. c., and von Seemen, |. e. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Amur:(fideSiuzev). Korea: (fide Nakai). According to Komarov the S. cinerea of his Flora Manshuriae is S. gracilistyla Miquel (see p. 164), but von Seemen apud Siuzev mentions two varieties of this va- riable species and he also mentions S. Thunbergiana Blume, which is only a synonym of Miquel's species. Unfortunately I have not seen any specimens of either from Pee. authors apparently did not use the term Capreae to designate 2 natural section. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 149 Mandshuria except a sterile specimen collected by C. S. Sargent, Khingan Moun- tains, Yulo Pass, alt. 1000 m., August 15, 1913, which probably belongs to S. cinerea. 128. Salix Caprea Linnaeus, Spec. 1020 (exclud. var. y et à) (1753). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpfl. 110, t. 22, fig. 302-305 (1864). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 402 (1891). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bäume & Sträucher, II. 114, fig. 198 A-B, t. 32 (1897). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 66, t. 31, fig. 16-17, t. 32, fig. 1-10 (Mam. Hsy«. Hes Eepon. Poce.) (1900). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 33, t. 4 D-H (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 98 (1909); apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. (1912) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). — Komarov, in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 21 (Fl. Mansh. IL) (1903). — Schneider, Zll. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 60, fig. 11 v-v?, 151 (1904). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XVI. 150 (1906). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. 11. t. 8, fig. 12-22 (1908). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VII. 1745 (1913). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 52, t. 49 (1914). Saliz brachystachys Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 460 (1875); II. 506 (1879). For further synonyms and literature see Herder, 1. c., and von Seemen, 1. c. CHINA. Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, well-wooded mountain slopes, alt. 1600- 2600 m., August 20, 1903, F. N. Meyer (No. 1248, sterile; a doubtful form !). Shensi: Tsingling, A. David (fide von Seemen); Khin-lin-san, G. Giraldi (No. 1160, ex von Seemen). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: Khabarovsk, in upland oakwoods, Au- gust 3, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile); near Vladivostok, August 18, 1903, C. S. Sargent (a small tree; sterile). Korea: Chinampo, September 20, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); Quelpaert, “ secus tivulos montium," alt. 1800 m., May 17, 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1503; 3-4 m. tall; 9). Kamtchatka: Petropaulovski, 1853-6, C. Wright (with fruits). Saghalien: Sakaihama, moist woodlands, seashore, August 5, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7366; bush 1.5—1.8 m. tall; sterile); Toyo-hara, side of streams, abundant, August 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7342; bush 1.84.5 m. tall; sterile); Korsakoff, July 1908, U. Faurie (Nos. 272, 272>is in part; “ arbor lata et frequentis- sima"; with fruits); same locality, October 1908, U. Faurie (No. 272bis in part; with old leaves; No. 273ter; sterile) ; without precise locality, Fr. Schmidt (9 ). JAPAN, Kurile Island: Etorofu, Furebetsu, July 28, 1884, K. Miyabe mn fruits. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, near Mosi, September 26, 1892, C. S. «urgent (sterile); Hakodate, in forests, June 1, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5759; with Tuits); Jirafu, in forests, June 27, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6611; sterile); Shiribeshi- 72, amon around mountain base, alt. 330 m., July 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. Sa 7; small tree 6 m. tall, girth 0.3 m., branches spreading; sterile); prov. Ishikari, y ^ Doro, April 23-24, 1890, Y. Tokubuchi (7 and 9); same locality, April 1891, t i (d' and 9); same locality, May 21, 1903, S. Arimoto (9); same * There is another sterile speci ins in Sheng-king, specimen of Meyer's from the mountains in Sheng June 24, 1906 (No. 20), with entire shortly acuminate ovate leaves, covered below with a thick soft pubescence . The leaves are up to 8 cm. long and 3.8 cm. broad, and ie petioles are from 4-9 mm. in length. Meyer names this form “ broad leaved » H B * t 1910 à There is also a specimen of Purdom's from northern China, Weichang, (No. 79). The leaves of this are very broad-elliptic, entire, from 6-16 cm. ng and 3.5-8 em. broad and thickly grayish pubescent beneath; the apex is f dish and shortly apiculate; the petioles are from 1-2 cm. long. All these orms need further study. 150 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA locality, July 1904, H. Shirasawa (sterile); same locality, June 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 254; 9); same locality, April 29, 1906, K. Kondo (c^ and 9). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Mt. Hakkoda, near Aomori, alt. 1000 m., October 23, 1892, C. S. Sargent (small tree; sterile) in basi montis Iwagisan," May 13, 1905, U. Faurie (7 and 9); “in sylvis Hayashima," June 6, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6612; with fruits); prov. Kozuke, Karuizawa, September 1, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); prov. Shimotsuke, shores of Lake Chuzenji, September 3, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 7-10 m. tall; sterile); same locality, woods, common, alt. 1200 m., May 24, 1914; E. H. Wilson (No. 6732; bush 3-5 m. tall; with fruits); same locality, June 1, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6779; tree 6-8 m. tall; girth 0.3-0.9 m.; with fruits); Nikko, 1904, N. Mochizuki (c^); same locality, April 31, 1908, H. Shirasawa (9); prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, side of torrents, common, alt. 1600 m., September 13, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7500; bush or small tree, 2-7 m. tall; sterile); prov. Musashi, Mt. Buko, May 1901 (No. 11 ex Herb. Tokyo; with fruits); Tokyo, Meguro, April 1912, H. Shirasawa (9); prov. Sagami, around Hakone, woodlands, e April 17, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6423; bush or small tree, 3-4.5 m. tall; 9). So far as I can judge from the material before me these forms of S. Caprea from eastern Asia may represent a somewhat different form or include some hybri Von Seemen (in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 101 [1909], de- scribes S. Caprea, var. villosa with roundish, entire, tomentose leaves and tomen- tose branchlets from eastern Asia, collected by Siuzev. Nakai does not mention S. Caprea from Korea; he cites S. cinerea Linnaeus (see above), but Léveillé (in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 435 [1912]) describes a S. hallaisanensis with a vat. nervosa from Korea, Quelpaert, “ in sylvis Hallaisan,” circ. 1200 m., June 9, 1908, Taquet (No. 1442; almost creeping shrub, 0.6-0.7 m. tall; with fruits; No. 1443); same locality, alt. 1200 m., August 12, 1908, Taquet (No. 1444, type of var. nervosa, sterile); same place, alt. 1200 m., June 1909, Taquet (Nos. 3251, 3252, 3253, 3255, 3256, 3258, 3259, 3260, 9 co-types, 3257, c^ co-type); ^in Monte des Diamants,” June 20, 1906, U. Faurie (No. 174; 9), “in aridis montium Quelpaert, supra 1200 m.,” July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1502; 1 m. alta; 9); Hallaisan, alt. 1300- m., October, 1907, U. Faurie (No. 324; sterile). All these specimens have orbicular- ovate, entire or crenate leaves, prominently reticulate beneath. There seems to no real difference between these and S. Caprea, the older branchlets being glabrous, not hairy as in S. cinerea. See also S. Wallichiana Andersson, p. 64. __ In the northwestern Himalaya S. Caprea is only cultivated. See Brandis (Forest F ien Ind. 467, t. 60 [1874]; the 9 flower on the plate shows a very short pedicel. According to von Seemen (apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, IX. No. 2 [1912] ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 [1912]), also S. auria Linnaeus has been found in Mandshuria. All the species of sect. Capreae are very closely related, and they need a special and careful study. 129. Salix Wallichiana Andersson. See p. 64. 130. Salix pachyclada Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 22 (1906); in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 300 (1909); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (1915). CHINA. Kweichau: “Montée de Sa-Yang à Pia-Fong,” March 4, 1905, J. Esquirol (No. 368, type; gd). The author has kindly sent me a male catkin of this species. This is 2.2 cm. long and about 1.3 em. thick, subsessile, the peduncle being only about 5 mm. long, bearing two small leaves, which are glabrous above and a little silky beneath. The flowers have a short and rather broad flat ventral gland, 4 or 5 times shorter than SALICACEAE. — SALIX 451 the very narrow lanceolate acuminate dark bracts, which are densely silky on the inner side and on the margins and are nearly glabrous on the outside. The two free stamens are somewhat pubescent at the very base and about twice as long as the bracts; the anthers are oblong and yellow. The young leaves of which I have seen only a small one (2 em. long, 1 em. broad) are ovate-elliptic, acute at the ends, silky above and more densely silky-villose beneath. I suspect S. pachyclada is nearly related to S. Wallichiana Andersson and that it may represent only a form of this variable species. All these forms with very precocious flowers are difficult to understand from the lack of good old leaves from the same plants of the two sexes from which the flowers were gathered. 131. Salix Starkeana Willdenow, Spec. IV. 677 (1805). — Trautvetter in Lede- bour, Fl. Alt. IV. 274 (1833). Salix livida Wahlenberg, Fl. Lapp. 272 (1812). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 100 (1893). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bäume & Sträucher, II. 119, fig. 201 (1897). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 85. t. 34, fig. 21-22, t. 35, fig. 1-11 (Mam. Hayu. Hes Espon. Poce.) (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. ^ ay fig. 15 k, 24 b-c (1904). — Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 4, 213-215 1911). Salix depressa Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. I. 56 (pro parte, haud Linnaeus !) (1832). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpfl. 115, t. 33, fig. 323-326 (1864). — See- men in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 115 (1909). — Krylov, Qa. Aamaa, 1217 (1909). Salix vagans Andersson in Ófs. Vetensk. Akad. Fórh. (1858) 121; in Proc. Am. Acad. IV. 61 (Salic. Bor. Am. 15) (1858); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 86 (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 226 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 404 (1891). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 31 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 212 (Fl. Kor. 11.) (1911). — Seemen apud Siuzev in Trav. Bot. Mus. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. (1912) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No.5, 248 (1912). Salix livida, var. Starkeana Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 4, 215 (1911). , The typical form (represented by S. Starkeana Willdenow and by typical S. livida Wahlenberg) has glabrous twigs and leaves, which are only sometimes hairy when young. As far as I can see, this form does not occur in eastern Asia or at least is much rarer than the following variety. Salix Starkeana, var. cinerascens Schneider, n. comb. Saliz livida, var. cinerascens Wahlenberg, Fl. Lapp. 275 (1812). Saliz depressa, var. cinerascens Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. 1. 57 (1832). Saliz depressa, var. velutina W. D. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 653 (1857). Saliz vagans, subspec. cinerascens, var. Linnaeana Andersson in Proc. Am. Acad. IV. 61 (Salic. Bor. Am. 16) (1858). Saliz vagans, var. a cinerascens Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 226 (1868). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Kamtchatka and Korea. I have seen only a specimen from the Amur River, 1865, E. Maack (No. 126). R Saliz depressa Linnaeus (Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 352 [1755]) is, according to Enander (Stud. Salic. LinnZ's Herb. 102 [1907]), a mixture of S. Caprea and some hybrid forms. ed € nameS. foliolosa Afzel is only cited as a synonym by Smith (in Linnaeus FI. Lapp. at 2, 295 [1792]. S. Starkeana Willdenow seems to be according to the citations S Andersson, von Seemen and Toepffer the oldest name of any form belonging to Wahlenberg or S. vagans Andersson. 152 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Probably U. Faurie’s No. 178 from Korea, June 26, 1906, “in monte des diamants" belongs to this variety. In var. cinerascens the young branchlets are pubescent, as are the leaves on both surfaces. To var. cinerascens may belong S. vagans, f. hurica Siuzev (in .Trav. Bot. Mus. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 88 [1912]; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 328 [1914]. — Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 [1912]), the leaves of which are glabrous on the upper side. : The species as a whole is extremely variable, and may be distinguished, from S. Caprea Linnaeus and the other related species by its short petioles, hardly more than 5 mm. in length, and by its mostly obovate-lanceolate leaves, which are more or less attenuate at the base and pointed at the apex. The flowers are much like those of S. Caprea Linnaeus. 132. Salix insignis Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 47 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 262 (1868). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 470 (1874); Ind. Trees, 637 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 631 (1888). INDIA. Kashmir: * reg. temp. alt. 6-8000 ped.," T. Thomson (type, S and 9); “Piti, 11000 feet," September 1847, T. Thomson (ex Brandis [1906]); “Pangi, 12000 feet," August 1899, J. H. Lace (ex Brandis [1906]); ‘‘ W. Tibet, reg. temp., alt. 6-8000 ped.," T. Thomson (type of the form with narrower more pubescent leaves, ex Andersson). : AFGHANISTAN. Kurrum Valley, 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 574; fruits). This is a doubtful species of which I have seen branchlets with 9 and c? flowers of the type. According to Andersson’s description and my own observations S. insignis looks somewhat intermediate between sect. Capreae (Salix Wallichiana) and sect. Daphnoideae (Salix daphnoides), but on account of the ? flowers I place it in sect. Capreae. In Aitchison’s No. 574 the flowers and fruits are very similar to the type, but the young twigs and leaves are covered with a somewhat yellowish to- mentum. The old leaves are shining green above, only puberulous on the midribs, and glaucous beneath with only scattered hairs; they are ovate, somewhat acute at the base and apex, and entire or somewhat crenulate-dentate. They measure up to 10 em. in length and 4.2 cm. in width; the petioles are about 1 cm. long; the beg catkins are 7 cm. long and 1.2 em. thick. The old branches become purplish. Sect. 25. MYRTILLOIDES Borrer in Loudon, Arb. Brit. IJI. 1587 (1838). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 102 (1893). Saliz, sect. Roseae (sive Myrtilloides) Andersson in Svensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 94 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 229 (1868). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 58 (1908). L Saliz, sect. Argenteae, subsect. M yrtilloides Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 63 (1904). Frutices humiles, ramulis gracilibus, trunco repente subterraneo. Folia tenuia, elliptica v. lanceolata, subtus glaucescentia, pleraque glabra. Amenta foliato- pedunculata, sublaxiflora. Bracteae apice parum infuscatae. Flores g diandri, glandula una ventrali, filamentis liberis (v. pro parte coalitis?), antheris flavis ovalibus. Flores 9 glandula una ventrali, ovariis saepissime glabris pedicellatis, stylis brevibus, stigmatibus satis crassis subbilobis. 133. Salix myrtilloides Linnaeus, Spec. 1019 (1753). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpft 123, t. 24, fig. 350-352 (1864). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 407 (1891). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bäume & Sträucher, 124, fig. 209 (1897). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peter- burg. Liesn. Inst. V. 99, t. 37 fig. 1-7 (Mam. Hayu. Hes Espon. Poce.) (1900). — SALICACEAE. — SALIX 153 Komarov, in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 26 (Fl. Mansh. 11.) (1904). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 120 (1909). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 214 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). For further synonyms and literature see Herder, l. c. and von Seemen, l. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Kamtchatka and Korea. Of this species I have only seen a specimen collected by V. Komarov, prov. Amur, fluvium Sutár, June 13, 1895, with c^ flowers and with fruits). The plant which Maximowiez (in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 244 [Prim. Fl. Amur.] [1859]) collected and distributed under the name S. myrtilloides, var. nmarkica Trautvetter & Meyer (in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 1, 80 [F1. Ochot.] [1847]), is mentioned by Andersson (in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 98 [1867]) under S. rugulosa, subspec. finmarkica. According to Andersson and von Seemen, I. c. 226 (1909), S. rugulosa is a hybrid between S. aurita Linnaeus and S. myrtilloides Linnaeus, the oldest name of which would be S. onusta Besser (Enum. Pl. Volhyn. 78 [1821]). See also the keys on p. 83 and p. 85. 134. Salix fuscescens Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 97 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 230 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 401 (1891). Saliz rhamnifolia Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 117, t. 26 (non Pallas) (1832). — Trautvetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. 1. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 1, 80 (FI. Ochot.) (1847). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka: Avatschka Bay, Beechey & K. H. Mertens (type, ex Andersson). I know this species only from Andersson’s description and from Hooker & Armott’s plate. Its taxonomic position seems rather uncertain. Very doubtful are the forms S. fuscescens, 8? minor Andersson, l. c. 230 (1868) (S. myrtilloides f. 1 et 2, Chamisso in Linnaea, V1. 539 [1831]), and S. fuscescens, var. dasycarpa Trautvetter (ex Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 409 [1891]), types: “ Providenzbucht,” end of July 1881, Dobrotworsky, and “ Beringsinsel,” 1879, Dybowsky. Sect. 27. INCUBACEAE Dumortier, Fl. Belg. Prodr. 12 (1827). — Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. I. 64 (pro parte) (1832). Saliz, sect. Argenteae W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 46 (pro parte) (1828). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 106 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 233 (pro parte) (1868). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 123 (1909). Saliz, sect. Rosmarinifoliae Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 419 (1830). Saliz, sect. Fuscae Borrer, l. c. 420 (1830). Baliz, sect. Repentes Wimmer, FI. Schles. ed. 2, 335 (pro parte) (1841). — Pax in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. III. abt. 1, 37 (1889). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 17 (1903). ; Frutices humiles v. mediocres, trunco saepe subterraneo repente. Folia ovalia usque linearia. Amenta praecocia v. coetanea, breviter cylindrica; flores c' glandula ventrali, filamentis liberis y. pro parte coalitis, antheris flavis AG rubescentibus; pedio bans sehe ventrali, ovariis glabris yv. Sericeo p b tibus, plus minusve ce! x sty! H brevibus, stigmatibus oblongis. Of this section there seems to be in eastern Asia only the following species." Herder, in Acta Hort, P. etrop. XI. 410 (1891) mentions sterile specimens of Salix tes Aiton (Hort. Kew. III. 393 [1789]) from Kamtchatka, Kastalsky (in Herb. etrop.). The identification of this material may be wrong. 154 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 135. Salix sibirica Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 72, t. 81, fig. 3 (1788). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. XIV. 193, 197 (Asiam. Hew, 11.) (1900). — Krylov, Da. -Aamaa 1223 (1909). Salix repens Auct., quoad plantam asiat.; vide Herder in Acta Hort. Petrop. XI. 410 (1891). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 29 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 214 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). Saliz repens, subspec. rosmarinifolia, var. flavicans Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. VI. 116 (Monog. Salic.) (1867). Salix repens, var. y flavicans Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 238 (1868). — Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 128 (1909). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Kamtchatka. Wolf, 1. c., believes that the true Salix repens Linnaeus (see von Seemen, l. c. 123) does not occur in Asia. I am not yet convinced that it is possible to keep separate S. sibirica Pallas, but Wolf knows the Russian and Siberian Willows so well that I decide to accept Pallas’s name for the forms in question. Whether the following variety does occur on the mainland and in Korea, or whether it represents à g form or not, I am not able to decide without having seen much more material from eastern Asia: Salix sibirica, var. subopposita Schneider, n. comb. Saliz subopposita Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 28 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 216 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 461 (1875). - Salix repens, var. subopposita Seemen, Salic. Jap. 35, tab. 5 a-e} (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 128 (1909). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert: “in herbidis Hallaisan,” 1700 m., June 1909, U. Faurie (No. 3247; with fruits; No. 3246; sterile). JAPAN. Shikoku: prov. Tosa, April 1888 (No. 53, ex Herb. Tokyo; 9). Hondo: prov. Sagami, ‘in montibus Hakone,” Pierot (type, ex Miquel; a fruit- ing branchlet in Herb. Gray seems to be a co-type). See also von Seemen, l.c. This variety differs chiefly in the richer pubescence of the juvenile parts, the stronger nervation and reticulation of the old leaves and in the more distinct stipules. 136. Salix dolia Schneider. See p. 65. Sect. 28. DAPHNOIDEAE Dumortier, Fl. Belg. Prodr. 12 (1827). 5 Saliz, sect. Pruinosae W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 22 (1828). — Andersson 1n De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 261 (1868). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 19 (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 59 (1908). Saliz, sect. Acutifoliae Borrer in Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1494 (1838). Saliz, ser. Daphnoides Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 58 (1914). 5 Arbores v. frutices elati, ramis elongatis saepe glauco-pruinosis. Folia longa, lanceolata, acuminata, subtus glauca. Amenta sessilia, crasse cylindrica, aureo- V- cinereo-sericea; flores c? glandula una, staminibus 2 liberis, antheris flavis; flores 9 glandula una, ovariis subsessilibus v. pedicellatis plerisque glabris, stylo longo; stigmatibus elongatis integris; bracteae basi saepe glanduloso-denticulatae. 137. Salix daphnoides Villars, var. indica Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 475 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 46 (1860). ? Saliz japonica D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 59 (haud Thunberg) (1825). Saliz ozycarpa, var. serratifolia Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 46 (1860). SALICACEAE. — SALIX 155 Salix oxycarpa, var. serrata Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 310 (1868). Salix daphnoides Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 409, t. 62 (non Villars) (1874); Ind. Trees, 637 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 631 (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 480 (1902). INDIA. Kashmir: “in summa valle Jumnath supra fontem thermalem a 2500 ad 3300 m. alt. d. 16 Maji 1829," 1 V. Jacquemont (type; 9, ex Andersson); “ Western Tibet, reg. temp. alt. 6-8000 ped.," T. Thomson (sterile; sub nom. S. acutifolia Willd.). Punjab: Simla, “ reg. temp. 8000 ped.," T. Thomson (co-type of S. ozycarpa, var. serratifolia; with fruits). The specimen from Simla agrees well with Brandis’s plate. The bracts are short and without any glandular dentation, the styles are hardly longer than the stigmas, and the fruiting aments are up to 9 cm. long and 1.5 cm. thick. The stipules are small and lanceolate-semicordate, acuminate, and more like those of S. acutifolia Willdenow. The shape of the leaves seems to vary considerably. These Indian forms need a careful study. See also S. insignis Andersson, p. 152. The type of D. Don's S. japonica was collected in N epal by Hamilton near Narainhetty. 138. Salix rorida Lackschewitz in Schedae Herb. Fl. Ross. VII. 131 (1911).— Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 238 (1912). ne coerulescens Turczaninow, Pl. Exsicc. ann. 1828 (non Doell), fide Lack- Schewitz. Salix acutifolia Ledebour, Fl. Ross. ITI. pt. 2, 601 (pro parte) (non Willdenow) (1850). — Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 374 (1854); Fl. Baical. Dahur. I1. 101 (1856). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 461 (1875). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 424 (pro parte) (1891). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 23 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 215 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). í Saliz daphnoides Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 111. pt. 2, 602 (pro parte, non Villars) (1850). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 423 (pro parte) (1891). — See- men, Salic. Jap. 49, t. 9, fig. A-& (1903). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 10, fig. 13-22 (1908). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 168 (1912). Saliz praecoz Trautvetter & Meyer in Middendorff, Reise Sibir. I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 2, 78 (Fl. Ochot.) (non Hoppe) (1856). — Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 242 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Amur: without precise locality, C. Mazimowicz 3); same region, 1855, R. Maack (Nos. 5-6; @ and 9). Korea: Song Chang, C ember 4, 1903, C. S. Sargent (large tree; sterile); Monsan, September 5, 1903, = S. Sargent (large tree; sterile; a doubtful form with rather long petioles). aghalien: Toyo-hara, side of streams, common, August 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7343; bush or tree, 18-12 m. tall, girth 2.1 m.; sterile); without locality, Secus aquas communis," June 1908, U. Faurie (No. 278; with fruits); without locality, P. Schmidt (o). - APAN. Hokkaido: prov. Kitami, Rubeshibe, side of stream Okelo, August » 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7403; bush 1.5 m. tall; sterile); prov. Ishikari, Sap- Poro, April 15, 1890 (9), April 23, 1890 (27), May 1890 (with fruits and sterile), * The date 1829 must be a misprin cording to his Journal (Voy. II. 84, 95 [1841]) Jacquemont visited “les esta de id Jumna” and "Jumnoutri," where Source thermale" is on May 16, 1830. He mentions a “Salix incerta” which ®Pparently is the same as our variety. 156 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA October 15 and 21, 1890 (sterile), April 1891 (<7), April 15, 1891 (9), Y. Tokubuchi; same locality, common, September 18, 1892, C. S. Sargent (small tree; sterile). According to Lackschewitz this species differs from S. daphnoides Villars: “ramulis tenuioribus, flaccidis, amentis paullo minoribus angustioribusque, squamis in amentis 9 ad basin glanduloso-crenulatis, germinibus vix compressis, stylo longiore, stipulis ovatis v. remiformibus (non semicordatis)," and from S. acutifolia Willdenow “ amentis approximatis, ramulis conferte assidentibus, squamis in floribus? glandu- loso-crenulatis, foliis latioribus in acumen minus longum productis nec non forms stipularum (non lanceolatis longe acutatis)."' There is a specimen of Wilson's from Hondo: Lake Towada, alt. 300-600 m., October 5, 1914 (No. 7616; tree 16-20 m. tall; girth 1.8-2.4 m.; sterile) which has Short-tomentose branchlets and remains doubtful. Sect. 29. CHRYSANTHEAE W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 52 (1828). Saliz, sect. Niveae s. Glaucae, subsect. A. Lanatae Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 273 (1868). Saliz, sect. Lanatae E. Fries in Tidskr. Landtm.- och Kommun.-Ekon. 1859, 21 (Anmark. Sverige Pilart.) (pro parte) (1859). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 93 (pro parte) (1893). Saliz, sect. Lanatae, subsect. a Chrysantheae Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 47 (1904). Frutices parvi v. satis alti, ramulis crassis. Folia ovali-rotundata v. late lanceo- lata, subtus reticulata. Amenta sessilia v. subsessilia, versus apicem ramulorum conferta, magna, crassa, densiflora, saepe aureo-sericea; flores c^ glandula una, filamentis liberis glabris, antheris flavis; flores 9. glandula una, ovariis sessilibus v. pedicellatis glabris v. tomentellis, stylo longo apice saepe bifido, stigmatibus angustis bifidis; bracteae atrofuscae. 139. Salix lanata Linnaeus, Spec. 1019 (1753). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2,273 (1868). — Lundström in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 42 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. Xl. 429 (1891). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 18, t. 23, fig. 6-11, t. 14, fig. 1 (Mam. Hsyu. Hes Eepon. Poce.) (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 48, fig. 21 a-b, 25 i (1904). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 29, t. 31-32 (1914). Saliz lanuginosa Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 83 (fide Wolf) (1788). Salix chrysanthos Vahl, Fl. Dan. VI. fasc. XVIII. 6, t. 157 (1792). For further literature see Herder, 1. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk and Maritime Province. This species is distinguished by its densely white tomentose leaves and thick silky hairy catkins. 1 It is with a good deal of doubt that I include in this section the two following species. 140. Salix taimyrensis Trautvetter in Middendorf, Reise Sibir. I. pt. 2, Bot. abt. 1, 27, t. 5-6 (Fl. Taimyr.) (1847).—Lundstrém in Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 1877, 17, 41 (Weid. Now. Semljas) (1877). Salix arctica, var. taimyrensis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2 287 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 440 (1891). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk: Taimyr River, June-July 1843, A. T. von Middendorff (types, ex Trautvetter). E This interesting Willow has glabrous obovate or oblanceolate leaves, which are SALICACEAE. — SALIX 157 glaucous beneath and sometimes denticulate, and silky ovaries. It needs further investigation to fix its taxonomic position. 141. Salix vulpinoides Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 94 (1913). JAPAN. Hondo. (The author does not cite a type specimen.) I have seen no specimen and place this species in the sect. Chrysantheae on the authority of the author. Sect. 30. VIMINALES Bluff & Fingerhuth, Comp. Fl. Germ. II. 562 (1825). — W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 27 (1828). — Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 423 (1830). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 19 (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur, Fl. IV. 60 (pro parte) (1908). Saliz, sect. Micantes (seu Viminales) Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 264 (pro parte) (1868). Arbores v. frutices alti, ramis vimineis flexilibus. Folia pleraque anguste v. latius elongato-lanceolata. Amenta pleraque praecocia, sessilia v. brevipeduneu- lata, elongato-cylindrica, densiflora; flores c? diandri, filamentis liberis, antheris aureis, glandula una; flores 9 glandula una, ovariis sessilibus v. pedicellatis satis dense pilosis, stylis elongatis, stigmatibus integris bifidisve. ; The section is closely connected by hybrids with the sections Capreae, Daphnoi- deae, Heliz and probably also with Sieboldianae and Gracilistylae. 142. Salix viminalis Linnaeus, Spec. 1021 (1753). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpfl. 85, t. 18, fig. 224-226 (1864). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 264 (1868). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 470 (1874); Ind. Trees, 638 (1906).— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 631 (1888). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 425 (1891). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 534 (1899). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Büume & Sträucher, Il. 112, fig. 197 and t. 31 (1896). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. YV. 70, t. 19, fig. 1-8 (Mam. Hayx. Hes Eapon. Poce.) (1900); 1. c. XIII. 45, 54, t. 1-2 (Asiam. Hew, I.) (1905).—Seemen, Salic. Jap. 50, t. 9 ¥-K (1903); im Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 173 (1909). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 32 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (pro parte) (1903).—Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 45, fig. 12 0, 20 i-k (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 214 (FL. Kor. IL.) (1911). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. IL. 60, t. 59-61 (1914). For additional synonyms and references see Herder, Wolf and von Seemen, l. c. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: banks of streams near Srye- chinsk, August 13, 1903, C. S. Sargent (tree 7 m. tall, girth 2.4 m.; sterile). Amur and Ussuri: Amur River, Kwashima, May 8, 1891, S. Korshinsky (9); Khaba- rovska, May 18, 1891, S. Korshinsky (with fruits); Bidshana, July 11, 1891, S. Korshinsky (sterile); Tschernajaewa, August 13, 1891, S. Korshinsky (sterile); Station grounds, Nikolks, August 12, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile); without precise locality, C. Mazimowicz (9 and #); without precise locality, 1855, R. Maack (with fruits). Saghalien: Toyo-hara, side of streams, abundant, August 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7341; bush 1.84.5 m. tall; sterile); ^ secus aquas communis," end of June, U. Faurie (No. 27: 3; with fruits); without locality, Fr. Schmidt (9). M Punjab: distr. Simla, Bashahr state, bank of the Baspa River near oe 1908 (with fruits). Kashmir: “ reg. temp. 9-11000 ped.,” T. Thom- e). is is the typical European form varying in theshape of the leaves, which always are covered below with prse silky namen the hairs lying parallel to the ateral nerves. The ovaries are sessile; the stigmas are long and narrow, and a little shorter or a long as the longstyles. For further specimens see Herder, |. c. 158 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA and Komarov, l. c., although I have some doubt if all these specimens belong to the typical form. There are two other varieties: Salix viminalis, var. Gmelinii Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 266 (1868), sensu Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 174 (1908). Salix Gmelini Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. 2, 77 (1788), — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. TII. 606 (pro parte) (1850). — Syreishtschikof, Pa. Mocx. Tyo. II. 33, fig. (1907). For additional synonyms see von Seemen, 1. c. 7 A typo recedit ovariis sessilibus obtusioribus stigmatibus valde elongatis an- gustis stylo breviore plus minusve superantibus coronatis. d f: This seems the S. viminalis of most parts of Russia and western Siberia, but is apparently wanting in eastern Siberia. Salix viminalis, var. yezoensis Schneider, n. var. A typo recedit ovariis sessilibus stigmatibus brevibus angustis stylo longo multo brevioribus coronatis. JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, 1878 (c^ and 9); same ae May 26 and Oct. 15, 1890, Y. Tokubuchi (sterile); same place, April 17, 1891, F. Tokubuchi (No. 17, type; 9); same place, April 17, 1893, Y. Tokubuchi (9); same place, April 29, 1906, K. Kondo (#); same place, “ secus aquas," June 14, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 255; with fruits); same place, April 28 and May 5, 1913 (ex Herb. Sakurai ; #7 and sterile). Hondo: prov. Rikuchu, Mt. Iwate, May 5, 1911 (co-type, c", ex Herb. Sakurai); prov. Musashi, Kichijoji, April 12, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6419; small bushy tree, branches erect spreading; J’). . See von Seemen, 1. c. (1903). The short stigmas seem to be the only real difference compared with certain forms of var. typica. Sometimes var. yezoensis may be cult to distinguish from forms of S. opaca Andersson (see p. 159), and it needs further investigation to decide whether certain forms are to be regarded as hybrids or not. 143. Salix sachalinensis Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér- T, XII. 173 (Reis. Amurl. Sachal.) (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 429 (1891). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 53, t. 10 a-t (1903). Saliz korsakoviensis Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 302 (1909). "n T dec: var. sachalinensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 94 1913). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Saghalien: “beim Posten Dui am Bach Anfang Juni 1860," Fr. Schmidt (sub nom. S. sachalinensis; 9); same place? Fr. Schmidt (sub nom. S. stipularis; &? flowers and old leaves); without locality "secus aquas, June and July 1908, U. Faurie (No. 274, 9 type, and Nos. 275, 276, leaves of S. korsakoviensis. ; JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Mazimowicz (No. 1; 9); prov. Ishikari, near Sapporo, June 12-13, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 265, 270; wit fruits; stigmas short). Northern Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Iwagi-san, May 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6609; 1-2 m. tall; #; No. 6610; 9). All these specimens have short-stalked ovaries, the pedicel being shorter than the gland, and styles about as long as the ovaries with comparatively short stigmas 34 the length of the style. The? catkins appear with the young leaves, which x silky beneath but soon become glabrous and pale green, not glaucous. The ol leaves of Faurie’s No. 276 are up to 17 cm. long and 3.5 em. broad, acute at the base, and coarsely crenate with veins prominent beneath. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 159 Von Seemen supposes that this species may be of hybrid origin, S. viminalis Linnaeus being one of the parents. I am inclined to believe that S. sachalinensis represents a good species, but there may be some hybrids between this species and S. viminalis or other species. See also under S. Miyabeana Seemen, p. 166. Salix sachalinensis, var. Pilgeriana Schneider, n. var. Salix Pilgeriana Seemen in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VII. 134 (1909). A typo recedit amentis 9 longioribus ad 16 cm. longis, glandula apice bifida v. emarginata. ^ Ne Hokkaido: “ in sylvis Jirafu," June 26, 1905, U. Faurie (No. 6600, ype; 9). The leaves are not yet fully developed and I cannot find any other difference between this form and S. sachalinensis. I suppose Faurie's Nos. 265 and 270 from Hokkaido are best placed under this variety. Pe Salix stipularis Smith, Engl. Bot. XVII. t. 1214 (1803); Fl. Brit. III. 1069 Saliz dasyclados, subspec. stipularis Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 180 (1909). Salix dasyclados Seemen apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, IX. No. 2 (1912) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). This species is said by von Seemen to be found in Mandshuria, but the interpre- tations of it by different authors differ widely. Smith's type was well figured and described in 1803: “ Nectary long cylindrical, obtuse. Germen on ashort stalk, ovate, downy. Style a little elongated. Stigmas remarkably long, awl-shaped, recurved, un- divided.” Seemen, 1. c., says that in S. stipularis the style is longer than in the type, which is S. dasyclados Wimmer (in Flora, XXXII. 35 [1849]) ; of this von Seemen, l. c. 178 (1909), says that the style is as long as the ovary. According to von Seemen, S. dasyclados was collected by Maximowiez in Amurland. The specimen before me (ex Herb. Gray) shows ovaries with short pedicels of about the length of the style and of the long stigmas, and agrees with S. opaca sensu von Seemen. After all, I am not convinced that either S. stipularis Smith or S. dasyclados Wimmer Occurs in eastern Asia. There may be hybrids between S. viminalis Linnaeus and any species of sect. Capreae, but it is always a most difficult matter to refer such hybrids to any form already described. This species has been omitted in the keys. 145. Salix opaca Andersson apud Seemen, Salic. Jap. 51, t. 10, fig. a-r (1903).— Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 9, fig. 1-10 (1908). Salix stipularis Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 243 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (non Smith) (1859).— Schmidt in Mém. ae Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, XII. 172 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). — | in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVI. 168 (1912). Saliz viminalis Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 32 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (pro parte) (1903). So far as I can see, this species was never described by Andersson. Schmidt, 1. c., mentions * S. opaca Andersson in sched. hort. bot. Petr." as a synonym, and he never described S. stipularis f. amurensis, cited by von en. This last name e only mentions under S. sachalinensis, saying: “. . . foliis concoloribus ab affi- nibus S. stipulari amurensi (opaca And.) et udensi Trautv. differt." Herder, in ct. Hort. Petrop. XI. 428 (1891) only cites specimens under the name S. opaca Andersson in Herb, 160 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA I unite under S. opaca the following specimens without making an attempt to decide whether this species is a hybrid between S. viminalis Linnaeus and S. Caprea Linnaeus or whether some of the specimens mentioned represent hybrids of a differ- ent origin. j NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Amur: without locality, C. Mazimowicz (c? and 9); Saghalien: Toyohara, moorlands, side of streams, abundant, August 3 ,1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7334; bush 1.8-3 m. tall; sterile); same locality and date, E. H. Wilson (No. 7344; bush 1.8-6 m. tall; sterile, looks like S. Caprea X S. sachali- nensis); Dui, along the river, beginning of June, 1860, P. von Glehn (type of S. opaca, with fruits; ex Schmidt). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, April and September, 1877, Watase (c^, 9 and sterile); same locality, April 21, 1890, May 26, 1890, Y. Toku- buchi (c? and with fruits; partly as S. sachalinensis, partly as S. stipularis); same locality, October 15, 1890, April 21 and 26, 1891, May 2, 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (d, 9 and sterile; partly as S. stipularis); same locality, May 27 and August 11, 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (with fruits and sterile; as S. sachalinensis); same locality, April and July 1893, Y. Tokubuchi (9 and with fruit; as S. sachalinensis); same locality, September 17, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 7-10 m. tall, girth 0.3 m. sterile); same locality, * secus aquas," June 12, 1908, U. Faurie (No. 260; with fruits); same locality, May 31, 1903, S. Arimoto (9; as S. sachalinensis); same locality, H. Shirasawa (sterile); Maruyama, May 7, 1892, Miura (d and 9; as S. sachalinensis); prov. Oshima, near Mori, September 13, 1892, C. S. Sargent (small tree; sterile), Hondo: prov. Rikuzen, Sendai, August 27, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); prov. Shimotsuke, Nikko to Lake Chuzenji, road- side, October 25, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); Lake Chuzenji to Lake Yumoto, August 11, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); shores of Lake Yumoto, September 6, 1892, C. S Sargent (sterile); Nikko, June and October 2 (Nos. 88, 89 ex Herb. Tokyo; sterile); prov. Shinano, on Tsubakura-dake, side of torrents, common, alt. 1600 m., E. H. Wilson (No. 7499; small tree 4.5-7 m. tall; sterile, looks like S. viminalis X S. Caprea); Kanogawa, 1862, C. Marimowicz (No. 5; 9 type of von Seemen); prov. Musashi, Toda, April 14, July 22, 1913 (9 and sterile; looks like S. viminalis xX S. purpurea); Tokyo, Meguro, April 1910, H. Shirasawa (9 and sterile) ; prov. oe near Gotemba, side of streams, April 14, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6456; bush 18-2. m. tall; 9, looks like a hybrid with S. purpurea). Shikoku: prov. Tosa, Nano- kawa, April 3 and May 20, 1888, K. Watanabe (9 and sterile). : Very nearly related to S. opaca seems also S. aequitriens Seemen (Salic. Jap. 10, t. 15, fig. E-G [1903]), from Hokkaido, prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May 1892, Y. Toku- buchi (type; 9), which is only known from young flowering branchlets. The pe’ and the style are both as long as the ovary; the stigmas are linear and bifid; the gland is oval and only 14 the length of the pedicel. 146. Salix Siuzevii Seemen in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. V. 17 (1908), apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. No. 2 (1912) ex Toepffer, Salico* Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXVIII. 527 (1911). P NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Ussuri: Nikolsk Ussuriiski, April 29, 1905, £- V. Siuzev (No. 34, type, 9, ex von Seemen). Maritime Prov.: Sachoba river, 1906, Palichevsky (c? and 9, ex Wolf). ST Von Seemen states that this Willow belongs to sect. Viminales and is most n! y related to S. opaca Andersson, differing from it especially by the shorter and nar- rower gland and by the shorter entire style. According to the description = pedicel is as long or even longer than the capsule, the style only 14 the length; the stigmas are short and thin; the lanceolate leaves are grayish green beneath and are up to 13 cm. long and 2 cm. broad. | | | i SALICACEAE. — SALIX 161 147. Salix Rehderiana Schneider. See p. 66. Salix Rehderiana, var. brevisericea Schneider. See p. 67. 148. Salix Blinii Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 435 (1912). Saliz Taquetii Léveillé, 1. c. 436 (1912). Frutex ut videtur breviramosus; ramuli novelli sparse sericeo-villosuli, deinde glabri, purpurascentes, nitidi. Folia obovata v. obovato-elliptiea, apice acuta v. obtusa, basin versus attenuata, acuta, in sicco brunnescentia, subconcoloria v. subtus cinerea, initio utrinque, subtus intensius, sericeo-villosa, demum plus minusve gla- brescentia, nervis costaque subtus prominulis et paulo reticulata, margine crenato- serrata v. basi subintegra, minora 2-4 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, maxima usque 5.5 em. longa et 2.2 em. lata; petioli pilosi, 2-6 mm. longi. Amenta (tantum matura fructifera vidi) subsessilia, basi foliis 2-3 parvis suffulta, ad 4.5 em. longa, circiter 1 em. crassa, densa, rhachi villosa; flores 9 (inter fructus remanentes) glandula una ventrali elongata obtusa L4 ovarii aequante instructa; ovaria subsessilia, breviter sericea, ovata, stylo 14 ovarii aequilongo integro stigmatibus angustis parallelis integris coronata; bracteae oblongae, subacutae, brunneae, utrinque sericeae, 34 Ovarll aequantes. Fructus ovato-oblongi, subacuti, sericei, circiter 5 mm. longi, pedicellis brevibus glandulae aequilongis suffulti. ; NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, “in sylvis torrentium Hallai- san,” alt. 1200 m., June 1909, U. Faurie (Nos. 3248, type, 3249, co-type, both with fruits; 3245, type of S. Taquetii). ; On account of the rather long style, the narrow stigmas and gland I place this Species in this section. In the leaves it resembles S. Starkeana, var. cinerascens Schneider (see p. 151) and also forms of S. Caprea Linnaeus (see p. 149). 149. Salix obscura Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 269 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 632 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). ( cou Sikkim: “ Lachen valley, alt. 9000 ped.,” June 3, 1849, J. D. Hooker ype). Through the kindness of the Keeper of the Kew Herbarium I have seen part of ks type specimen, and I must say, as Andersson did, that this species “mihi quod ad affinitatem obscura manet." It resembles somewhat S. Rehderiana, var. brevi- cea Schneider, but that has a longer style and acute bracts. In S. obscura the style is about 44 as long as the ovary and in young flowers only half as long; it is very shortly bifid at the apex, with narrow emarginate stigmas. The bracts are obovate-oblong, very obtuse, and in the young flowers nearly as long as the sessile ovary. The leaves are apparently oblong-lanceolate, with a short acute apex, and "S gradually narrowed toward the base. The tomentum of the young branchlets and leaves is somewhat brownish and gray. The leaves apparently become soon Ped glabrous, only the midribs being puberulent; they are entire or obscurely evene The almost sessile fruiting catkins are 4 cm. long and about 1 cm. Burkill (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 531 [1899]) refers to S. obscura No. 22 of 7 from Tachien-lu. Among the copious material collected by Wilson in this part, of Ee van I do not find any form which seems to me identical with S. ersson. Sect. 31. SIEBOLDIANAE Seemen, Salic. Jap. 21 (1908). — Schneider, Ill. Hondb. Laubholek. 1. 69 (1904). : pote tices v. arbores parvae. Folia ovata, obovato-oblonga v. elliptica, integra v. Salata; subtus cinerea v. glauca, juniora v. etiam adulta sericea. Amenta prae- TOA V. subcoetanea, brevi-pedunculata, cylindrica, densa; flores glandula 162 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA una ventrali plus minusve ovato-elongata; c' staminibus 2 liberis v. basi coalitis v. stamine uno, antheris flavis; 9 ovariis pedicellatis v. sessilibus sericeis, stylis brevibus v. mediocribus, stigmatibus brevibus v. oblongis. This is an interesting section on account of the 1-2 stamens of the c? flowers. The following species need careful comparison; they are certainly very closely re- lated, but without having seen many complete specimens of the different forms it is impossible to obtain a clear idea of their taxonomic value. 150. Salix Sieboldiana Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. X. 517 (1825). — Andersson in Mem. Am. Acad., n. ser. VI. 451 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 81, t. 5, fig. 47 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 224 (1868). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 28 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 216 (1807). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 460 (1875).— Seemen, Salic. Jap. 63, t. 14, fig. F-K (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 210 (1904).— Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 93 (tantum var. typica) (1913). ? Salix caloptera Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 26 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 214 (1867). ? Salix brachylepis Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. II. 503 (1879). JAPAN. Kyushu: near Nagasaki, open places, common, March 18, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6301; bush 0.6-1.8 m. tall, erect, spreading; c^; No. 6301, 9); Kagoshima, roadside, common, March 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6165; bush 0.6-1.5 m. tall; c^; No. 6165*, 9); same place, Fogo, roadsides, abundant, March 14, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6277; bush 0.6-1.5 m. tall; c; No. 6277, 2; S. Buergeriana?); Mt. Kirishima, roadside thickets, March 6, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6179; bush 0.6-1.8 m. tall; cà; No. 6179, 9). Shikoku: prov. Tosa, April 11, 1888, T. Makino (No. 37%; à); same prov., Nanokawa, April 10, 1888, K. Penna 3s ). Hondo: prov. Musashi, Renkoji-mura, April 13, 1895 (ex Herb. okyo; 9). This may be distinguished from the following species, according to von Seemen, by the broadly rounded or cordate base of the leaves, and by the male flowers with 1-2 stamens; but not having seen mature leaves of the two species, I do not know whether these are forms of one species (Koidzumi) or of two distinct species (See- men). The type was sent to Java by P. von Siebold under the name S. alba. See Blume, 1. c., and Seemen, l. c. 151. Salix Buergeriana Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 28 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 216 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 460 (1875). — See- men, Salic. Jap. 66, t. 16, fig. A-D? (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 210 (1904); XVI. 143 (1906). Saliz Sieboldiana, var. Buergeriana, f. 1. genuina Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 93 (1913). JAPAN. Kyushu: base of Nishi-Kirishima, roadsides, March 10, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6248; bush 0.5-1.5 m. tall; g'; No. 6248%, 9); Nagasaki, March 21, April 2, 1862, C. Mazimowicz (type, c^; mixed with 9 S. vulpina Andersson In Herb. Gray); same locality, March 20, April 10, 1863, C. Mazimowicz (9; both specimens as S. Miqueli); Ehiko-san, May 3, 1907, U. Faurie (Nos. 10, 11; c^; No- 12, with fruits). : _ This species is very similar to S. Sieboldiana Blume, from which it differs, accord- ing to von Seemen, who saw the types, in its leaves being attenuate, obtusish E acute at the base and in its c? flowers with only one stamen. In both the species the pedicels measure from % to 34 and the styles from 14 to 14 of the length of the ovaries; the glands are mostly shorter than the pedicels. The aments appear SALICACEAE. — SALIX 163 before the leaves and are almost sessile. In S. Sieboldiana Blume the 9 bracts seem to be somewhat longer (ovate-lanceolate) and the stigmas shorter than in S. Buergeriana. 152. Salix Saidaeana von Seemen, Salic. Jap. 68, t. 17, fig. a-e (1903). Salix Sieboldiana, B Buergeriana, f. 2. Saidaeana Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 93 (1913). JAPAN. Kyushu: April 1875, J. Rein (co-type, ex von Seemen); Goto Island, May 1901, U. Faurie (No. 4995, type, ex von Seemen); Mt. Aso, June 20, 1899, U. Faurie (No. 3694; co-type, ex von Seemen). Hondo: Daisen, May 26 and 28, 1899, U. Faurie (Nos. 3705, 3706, 3708, ex von Seemen). is species seems most closely related to S. Buergeriana Miquel, from which ac- cording to von Seemen it chiefly differs in its shorter female catkins, which appear with the leaves on short peduncles, and in its somewhat shorter pedicels and styles. I have not seen any specimen I could positively refer to it. dus Salix Harmsiana Seemen, Salic. Jap. 73 (8) and 80 (c), t. 18, fig. c-& Salix Sieboldiana, B Buergeriana, f. 3. Harmsiana Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 93 (1913). JAPAN. Kyushu: Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham (No. 551, in part, type, c, ex von Seemen; No. 551, in part; 9, co-type in Herb. Gray); Hondo: prov. Shinano, July 1894 (No. 113 ex Herb. Tokyo; doubtful form with fruits). This is a doubtful species very near S. Buergeriana Miquel, but, according to von Seemen, differing in its nearly sessile short ovaries with very short stigmas resem- bling those of S. purpurea Linnaeus. The 9 co-type which I have seen shows distinct pedicels and styles, the flowers resembling those of S. Buergeriana Miquel. The specimen from Shinano has nearly sessile ovaries but a distinct style and remains doubtful. It may be a hybrid between S. purpurea Linnaeus and S. Buer- geriana Miquel. 154. Salix propitia Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 266 (1913). Saliz Sieboldiana, y sikokiana Koidzumi, l. c. 93 (1913). JAPAN. . Sikoku: prov. Awa, Tsurugi-san (ex Koidzumi). e f Koidzumi says: “ Amentis floribusque iis S. Matsumuraei Seemen simillimis; oliis iis S. Sieboldianae Blume valde affinis, sed tenuioribus subtus secus costas tere sericeo-villosis.” This is a doubtful form, of which only the plant is own. It has been omitted from the key. 155. Salix hylonoma Schneider. See p. 68. Sect. 31. GRACILISTYLAE Schneider, n. sect. Saliz, sect. Subviminales Seemen, Salic. Jap. 20 (pro parte) (1903); in Ascher- son & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 60 (1908). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 65 (pro parte) (1904). Frutices elati v. arbores parvae. Folia lanceolata, elliptica v. obovato-lanceolata, acuta v. breviter acuminata, rarius obtusa, subtus cinerea, dein glabra, nervata et pute reticulata. Amenta saepissime praecocia, subsessilia, cylindrica, densa; Tacteae oblongae, acutae, apice nigrescentes; flores c" diandri, filamentis totis colitis, antheris liberis ovalibus flavis (? aurantiacis), glandula una ventrali longa Angusta; ovaria sessilia v. pedicellata, dense sericea, stylo gracillimo longo integro, stigmatibus oblongis emarginatis. 164 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Von Seemen in his sect. Subviminales names first S. Pierotii Miquel and adds 8. gracilistyla (or S. Thunbergiana Blume). According to my opinion S. Pierotii 1s much more closely related to the species of sect. Purpureae than to S. gracilistyla Miquel, which widely differs in its long thin styles, in the long narrow gland and in the narrow acute bracts. A taxonomic arrangement of sections or even groups of higher value with regard to the length of the style seems to me an artificial one. 156. Salix gracilistyla Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 26 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 214 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 461 (1875). — Schnei- der, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 65, fig. 26 f, 27 i-k (1904). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 92 (1913). Salix Thunbergiana Blume apud Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 271 (1868). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 533 (1899). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIL. 30 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 61, t. 14, fig. A-B (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 210 (1904); XVI. 148 (1906). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. Il. t. 7, fig. 1-9 (1908). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 213 (Fl. Kor. Il.) (1911). Salix cinerea Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 22 (1903); XXV. 813 (1907). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Maritime Prov.: Shingking, J. Ross (Nos. 16, 175; fide von Seemen); Korea: Seoul, Puk Han, September 25, 1905, J. G. J ack (sterile); see also von Seemen. : JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Aomori, rivers, May 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5767; bush 1 m. tall; with fruits); prov. Shinano, Nojiri, September 5, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); upper Kisogawa, alt. 1000 m., September 3, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); prov. Musashi, Mt. Tokao, April 16, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; 9); Mt. Buko, May 1901 (No. 103 ex Herb. Tokyo; sterile); without precise locality, July 19, 1891 (sterile); prov. Kai, Kusakabe, side of torrents near Jawata village, May 28, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6331; bush 0.5-1 m. tall; with fruits); on the Yatsuga- take, side of torrents, September 17, 1904, E. H. Wilson (No. 7528; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall; sterile); prov. Sagami, Hakone, April (No. 74 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9); prov. Izu, Awasima, March 20, 1897 (c); Shuzenzi, March 27, 1905, April 10, 1912 (ex Herb. Sakurai; 9 and c"); without precise locality, April 2, 1895, J. Mat- sumura (No. 54; 9); prov. Izumi, March 22, 1896 (No. 73 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; #); Otsu, March 6, 1896 (No. 108 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9); prov- Mimasaka, April 10, 1904, S. Arimoto (with fruits). Kyushu: base of Kirishima, side of stream Miya, not common, March 7, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6215; bush 1.5-3 m. tall; 9); Nagasaki, March 10-24, 1862, C. Mazimowicz (c); same lo- cality, 1863, C. Mazimowicz (with fruits); same locality, 1862 (No. 527; c' and 2; No. 719, sterile). See remarks in the section above. Salix gracilistyla, var. melanostachys Schneider, n. comb. ~ Act aes subsp. melanostachys Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVIII. Salix melanostachys Makino, l. c. (pro synon.) (1904). Salix nigrolepis Shirai ex Makino, l. c. (pro synon.) (1904). , JAPAN. Known only in cultivation. According to the specimens I have seen ex Hort. Bot. Tokyo, March 18, 1890, ex Hort. Sakurai, March 19, 1911, October 27, 1912, this plant differs from the type SALICACEAE. — SALIX 165 only in the more glabrous branchlets, leaves and bracts, which are a little broader toward the base. The gland is the same in both. Only the c? sex is known. There may be other forms of S. gracilistyla Miquel or hybrids of it with different species. I mention a 9 specimen of Wilson's from Hondo: slopes of Fuji-san, abundant, above 800 m., May 8, 1914, bush 1.8-3.6 m. tall, in which the ovaries have a distinct pedicel nearly as long as the gland; the style is only half as long as the ovary, and the bracts are very acute and black in the upper part. The leaves are bad half grown and are entire, with a pubescence very much like that of the typical orm, Sect. 33. HELIX Dumortier in Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. 1825 (Verh. Gesl. Wilgen, 15) (1825). Saliz, sect. Purpureae E. Fries in Syllog. Pl. Nov. II. 37 (Conspec. Disp. Salic. Suec.) (1828). — W. D. Koch, De Salic. Comm. 24 (1828). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 306 (1868). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 20 (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 60 (1908), exclud. S. caesia. — Schneider, Jil. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 68 (1904). ; Saliz, sect. Monandrae Borrer in Hooker, Brit. Fl. 413 (1830). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXI. 135 (1903). Saliz, sect. Subviminales Seemen, Salic. Jap. 20 (pro parte) (1903). Arbores et frutices elati v. frutices satis parvi, ramis plerisque elongatis flexilibus. Folia saepissime late usque lineari-lanceolata, 4-12-plo longiora quam lata et pleraque acuta, rarius elliptica v. oblanceolata et breviora latioraque, margine in- tégra v. serrato-denticulata. Amenta praecocia v. subcoetanea sessilia v. subsessilia, angusto-cylindrica v. cylindrica, densa; flores c? glandula una, staminibus 2 fila- mentis plus minusve v. totis coalitis, interdum etiam antheris flavis coalitis; flores 9 Ovarüs sericeis v. glabris sessilibus v. subsessilibus v. breviter pedicellatis, stylis nullis v. brevibus v. elongatis, stigmatibus satis brevibus. I place S. Pierotii Miquel in this section and keep separate sect. Caesiae (see p. 173). Probably also such species as S. myrtillacea Andersson and S. Bockii Seemen and their relatives should be referred to distinct sections. 157. Salix Pierotii Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. MI. 27 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 215 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 461 (1875); IL. 506 (1879). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 60, t. 13, fig. E-r (1903); apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. No. 2 (1912) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 66, fig. 23 a, 27 -m (1904). — Léveillé in Bull. Intern. Acad. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 210 (1904); XVI. 145 (1906). Saliz japonica Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 221 (non Thunberg) (1892). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Amur and Ussuri: fide von Seemen (1912). IAN. Hondo: “ Iwajama, ubi frequens in jugis et in vallibus," April, P. von Wi (type, ex Miquel). Shikoku: prov. Tosa, Nanokawa, June 20, 1889, K. NO (sterile). Kyushu: “in promontorio Nomo Saki,” Pierot (co-type, ex el). So far as I can judge mainly from plants cultivated in the Arnold Arboretum it is 8 good species, easily iistingulihed pee S. purpurea Linnaeus and S. Miyabeana en. The mature leaves are broadest below the middle, and their serration is ne (5-6 teeth in 1 em.) than in S. Miyabeana Seemen, where the leaves are roadest at or above the middle and have a coarser serration (about 3 teeth in 1 = 2 - The young twigs of S. Pierotii are pubescent, and often glabrous and yellow . Mi na, which has longer stipules. 166 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 158. Salix Miyabeana Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXI. Beibl. LIII. 50 (1896); Salic. Jap. 57, t. 12, fig. A—& (1903). — Tokubuchi ! in Tokyo Bot. Mag. X. 69, t. 6 (1896). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 210 (1904); XVI. 144 (1906). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 264 (1913). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May 15, 1890 (<7), October 15 and 21, 1890 (sterile), April 23 and 30, 1891 (9), May 2, 1891 (9), Y. Tokubuchi (types and co-types). ; There is a Chinese 9 specimen collected by Wilson in Chili, near Tientsin, April 18, 1909, which has very yellow glabrous branchlets with precocious aments the flowers of which much resemble those of S. Miyabeana, but it may be S. purpurea Linnaeus with yellowish bark. For further information, see under S. Pierotti Miquel and in the keys (p. 79 and p. 90). z There seems to be a variety of this species with tomentose branchlets, judging by a o specimen collected by Mochizuki, 1904, at Nikko (in collect. Jack) and a sterile specimen collected by C. S. Sargent, Oct. 1, 1892, at Aomori, banks of river, tree, 10 m. tall. The catkins resemble those of S. lepidostachys Seemen, being about 5 cm. long and 12 mm. thick. 159. Salix sapporoensis Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 302 (1909). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, “ secus aquas," June 13, 1908, U. Faurie (Nos. 266, 268; fruiting types). i Léveillé also mentions Faurie’s No. 262 from the same locality, but the speci- men of this number which I have seen belongs to another species. There is No. 267, named S. Miyabeana Seem.? which is not different from 266 or 268; it con- sists of a fruiting branchlet and a sterile one, the long lanceolate leaves of which are up to 10 em. long and 1.8 em. broad and hairy beneath while young. They have linear-lanceolate dentate stipules 24 as long as the petioles, which are about 1 cm. in length. The leaves closely resemble those of S. Miyabeana Seemen, but are apparently greenish beneath and not unlike those of S. sachalinensis, var. Pilgeriana Schneider, which, however, are more entire. The types of S. sapporoensis have ses- sile or subsessile ovaries with very short styles, resembling those of S. purpurea Linnaeus. Faurie's No. 257 from the same place and date is a little different; it is named S. daphnoides. In this specimen even the young very serrate leaves are glabrous, the stipules are short, ovate and dentate, the fruits are nearly glabrous with a distinet pedicel. Without fully grown leaves and young flowers it seems impossible to decide whether S. sapporoensis represents a new species or may be of hybrid origin. In the neighborhood of Sapporo there are many different species of Saliz, wild and cultivated, and hybrids of different origin may occur there. 160. Salix lepidostachys Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXI. Beibl. LIII. 51 (1896); Salic. Jap. 58, t. 12, fig. F-x (1903); apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. No. 2 (1912) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). — ? Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. XIV. 210 (1904); XVI. 145 (1906). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Amur and Ussuri: fide von Seemen (1912). | JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, May and October 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (No. 31 ex Herb. Sapporo, co-type; 9); prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Mazi- mowicz (No. 6, co-type; à). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Hirosaki, June 1897, U. Faurie (No. 806, ex von Seemen); prov. Izumi, Ishitzu, April 3, 1896 (No. 105 PE Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9). Shikoku: prov. Tosa, April 11, 1888 (No. 37° ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9 ). Tokubuchi’s specimens from the type locality of May 2, 1891, which I have seen 1 This author has published, 1. c., p. 120, an article in Japanese on the Willows of Hokkaido. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 167 in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum agree well with the author’s description, except that the bracts are shorter and a little more acute, and the pedicels twice as long as the gland. The following branchlets are glabrous, and the long stigmas are a little longer than the style. On Maximowicz’s No. 6 in the Gray Herbarium the g flowers agree with von Seemen's figure, the branchlets being covered with the rem- nants of a tomentum near their apex. The 9 flowers, however, are very different and almost like those of S. gracilistyla Miquel; the bracts are more obtuse, the ovaries short-stalked and the branchlets almost tomentose. U. Faurie's No. 806 I have not seen; it was collected at Hirosaki, where Faurie found also several different forms (see S. hondoensis Koidzumi, p. 110). The specimens from Ishitzu and prov. Tosa are doubtfully referred to our species. Certainly S. lepidostachys and its relatives need further observation. It is almost impossible to interpret correctly flowering branchlets of these forms without having seen mature leaves from the same plant. 161. Salix purpurea Linnaeus, Spec. 1017 (1753). — Pokorny, Oesterr. Holzpft. 124, t. 24, fig. 362-363 (1864). — Andersson in Mem. Am. Acad. VI. 451 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 306 (1868). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 462 (1875). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 452 (1891). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bäume & Sträucher, II. 107, fig. 193, t. 30 (1897). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 532 (1899). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. IV. 42, t. 13, fig. 1-11 (Mam. Hay. Hes Espon. Poce.) (1900); in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXI. 148 (1903). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 54, t. 11, fig. A-& (1903); in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 192 (1909); apud Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. No. 2 (1912) ex Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 27 (Fl. Mansh. 11.) (1904). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 68, fig. 20 v-vi, 23 m (1904). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. Il. t. 7, fig. 10-18 (1908). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 215 (Fl. Kor. IL) (1911). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 92 (1913). — Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 65, t. 65-66 (1914). Baliz purpurea, var. typica Beck, Fl. Nied.-Oestr. 288 (1890). Salix purpurea, subspec. eupurpurea, var. typica Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub- holzk. I. 68 (1904). CHINA. See Burkill and von Seemen. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Maritime Prov.: proba- bly together with var. sericea. Korea: Chinampo, “ secus aquas," August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 180; sterile); “ in monte des diamants," June 21, 1906, U. Faurie (No. 179; with fruits). J Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May 19, 1889 (No. 34 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo;9). Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, abundant in swamps between Chuzenji and Yumoto, May 26, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 0765; shrub 0.3-0.9 m. tall; #; No. 6765*, 9); prov. Musashi, March 1895 (No. 70 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; +); Nambu, 1865, Tschonoski (with fruits); Azusawa near Tokyo, April (No. 81 ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9); prov. Tamba, April 4, 1910 (ex Herb. purai; 9); prov. Tajima, March 17, 1907 (ex Herb. Sakurai; 9). Kyushu: in a, roadside thickets, rare, March 6, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6180; ush 1.5-2.4 m. tall; 9; No. 6180*, c). n This is the typical form with glabrous or slightly pilose young branchlets. The eaves are mostly alternate with distinct petioles, and are glabrous even when young. There are also the following varieties: Duy purpurea, subspec. eupurpurea, var. sericea Schneider, IU. Handb. - I. 69 (1904), — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 92 (1913). 168 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Salix purpurea, var. sericea W. D. Koch, Syn. Deutsch. Schweiz. Fl.647 (1837).— Seemen, Salic. Jap. 56 (1903). Ramuli novelli plus minusve sericeo-tomentelli. Folia pleraque alterna, petiolata, subtus ut petioli initio sericeo-tomentella, dein plus minusve glabrescentia. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Korea: probably together with the type. JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, low ground, September 11, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.3 m.; sterile). Hondo: prov. Shinano, April 1904, August 1905, H. Shirasawa (c? and sterile); prov. Musashi, Tokyo, probably eultivated (many specimens). Salix purpurea, subspec. amplexicaulis, var. multinervis Schneider, n. comb. Salix amplexicaulis Chaubard in Bory, Exp. Sci. Morée, 111. 2, Bot. 277; Atlas, sér. 4, Bot. t. 34 (1832); in Bory, Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 64, t. 36 (1838). Salix multinervis Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. II. 504 (1879). Salix purpurea, var. multinervis Matsumura, Shokubutsu Mei-J. 261 (1895). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 56, t. 11, fig. F-K (1903). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 8, fig. 7 (folia tantum) (1908). ? Salix purpurea, subspec. amplexicaulis, var. petiolata Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 92 (1913); from Mandshuria. Ramuli glabri. Folia glabra, sessilia v. petiolata, oblonga v. anguste elliptica, marginibus plus minusve parallelis, basi rotunda v. cordata, apice pleraque obtusa, margine serrata, basin versus integra, ad 6.5 longa et ad 2.5 cm. lata. j JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Mazimowicz (9); prov. Iburi, Yubutsu, June 12, 1884, K. Miyabe (9); Chitose, June 11, 1890, Y. Tokubuchi (9). Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, around Lake Chuzenji, lava beds, com- mon, alt. 1800 m., May 27, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6749; bush 1.2-1.8 m. tall; with fruits); Nikko, August 8, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); prov. Shinano, Narai, Sep- tember 2, 1905, J.G. Jack (sterile); Kituadzumi, August 1903, H. Shirasawa (sterile); without precise locality, July 6, 1893 (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; sterile); prov. Musashi, Komaba, March 24, 1911 (9); without precise locality, April 11, 1891, April 15, 1894 (with fruits); prov. Kai, Kusakabe, Yawata village, side of streams, March 28, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6330; bush 0.6-1.2 m. tall; à; No. 6330*, 9); prov. Suruga, slopes of Fuji-san, roadsides, etc., abundant, May 7, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6639; bush 0.3-1.8 m. tall; with fruits); prov. Sagami, “ in locis hu- midis,” L. Savatier (No. 1145, type, ex Franchet & Savatier; with fruits); Tatte- yama, near Yokoska, L. Savatier (co-type; c, ex Franchet & Savatier). : I regard the subspec. amplexicaulis, var. multinervis distinct from var. genua Schneider, n. comb. (S. amplezicaulis Chaubard, 1. c.; S. purpurea, 8 amplezicaulis Boissier, Fl. Orient. IV. 1187 [1879]): Folia in comparatione angustiora, acutiora, distinctius v. angustius serrata, usque ad 6 em. longa et ad 1.5 cm. lata. — x S. purpurea, subspec. amplezicaulis, var. petiolata, subvar. angustifolia Koidzumi, 1. c. 92, from Hokkaido seems to be only a form of subspec. eupurpurea, var. typica with opposite leaves. Bate Shirasawa, on his plate (8, 1. c.), figures 9 flowers, which may belong to S. Gilgiana Seemen, but the color of the bracts of both his 9 and c? flowers is yellowish brown. The typical S. purpurea Linnaeus has sessile ovaries and sessile or subsessile short stigmas; the color of the young anthers is purple. There is also the following doubtful variety: Salix purpurea, var. stipularis Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 91 (Pl. David. I. 284) (1884). — Burkill in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 532 (1899). — s SALICACEAE. — SALIX 169 CHINA. Chili: “ Jéhol, bords des ruisseaux,” May and March, A. David (No. 1681, type, ex Franchet). à I have not seen the type of this variety, and the description is too short to judge whether it is distinct or not. 162. Salix Gilgiana Seemen, Salic. Jap. 59, t. 13, fig. a-b (1903). — Léveillé in Bull. Acad. Intern. Géogr. Bot. XVI. 145 (1906). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Tokyo (Jedo), March 15, April 23, June 8, 1874, Hilgendorf (# and 9 types ex Seemen). I doubtfully include here the follow- ing specimens: prov. Shimotsuke, Chuzenji, lava beds, common, alt. 1800 m., May 27,1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6748; bush 1.5-2.4 m. tall; 9); prov. Musashi, Toda, April 12, 1891, K. Watanabe (9); Tokyo, March 1895 (No. 46 Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9); same place, April 22, 1893 (No. 112; Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; with fruits); same place, April 3, 1901 (No. 123; Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo; 9); vincas prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, cultivated, May 3, 1906, J. Hanzawa (gc and 9). These specimens agree with one another and with von Seemen's description, but the leaves are not so distinetly and sharply serrate as they are shown in Seemen's figure. S. Gilgiana needs further study. 163. Salix cheilophila Schneider. See p. 69. 164. Salix Wilhelmsiana Marschall v. Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Cauc. III. Suppl. 627 (1819). — Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Etr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 111. 627, t. 3 (Salicet.) (1837). — Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 464 (1880). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 457 (pro parte) (1891).— Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. ut 153 (1903); Wolf & Palibin, Onped. Jepes. Kycm. Espon. Pocc. 89, fig. Saliz angustifolia Willdenow, Spec. IV. 699 (non Wulfen): (1805). — Mar- schall von Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Cauc. II. 414 (1808). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 315 (exclud. var. 8) (1868).— Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 471 (1874). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 636 (1888). — Wolf in Izv. S.-Peterburg. Liesn. Inst. V. 33, t. 16, fig. 10-17, t. 29, fig. 1-2 (Mam. Hsy«. Hes Eepon. Pocc.) (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub- holzk. 1. 68, fig. 20 x-y (1904). Saliz angustifolia, var. eriocarpa Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 604 (1850). Ser HANISTAN. Kurrum Valley, 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 111; d INDIA, Kashmir: “reg. temp. alt. 12000 ped.," T. Thomson (with fruits). is species is very. pariy sedated 4o the following, which chiefly differs in tg glabrous Ovaries and seems to have a different geographical distribution. See Woli à but (1903). The length of the short style, which is sometimes wanting, varies » ite à SPecies; the bracts are yellowish and not two-colored, as in S. purpurea an a qnarest relatives. The species with bracts of one color may perhaps represent 4 different section, * Saliz angustifolia Wulfen (in Jacquin, Collect. ITI. 48 [1789]) is often regarded mis Synonym of S, risa nmm but according to several authors Lin- 1aeus's plant may represent a hybrid between S. repens Linnaeus and S. viminalis Innaeus, while Wulfen’s plant is the same as S. repens, var. rosmarinifolia mmer & Grabowski (FI, Siles. II. 380 [1829]. — S. repens var. angustifolia Neil- » Fl. Wien, 79[1846]). 170 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 165. Salix microstachya Turczaninow apud Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, III. 628, t. 4 (Salicetum) (1837); in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXVII. 377 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. 104 (1856). — Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 466 (1880). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIII. 156 (1903). Salix angustifolia, B leiocarpa Ledebour, Fl. Ross. IIl. pt. 2, 604 (1850). Salix angustifolia, 8 microstachya Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 315 (1868). ? Saliz cyanolimnea Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 294 (1882). ? Salix Wilhelmsiana Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 93 (Pl. David. I. 283) (non Marshall von Bieberstein) (1884). Salix Wilhelmsiana, 8 microstachya Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 456 (1891). The type was collected by Turczaninow in western Siberia on the Irkut River, and according to Hance’s description I have little doubt that the following specimen belongs to the same species: TIBET. Kukunor: “ad lacum Ko-ko-nor,” 1881, W. Mesny (Herb. Hance No. 22009; ex Hance). E MONGOLIA: Ordos “ dans les plaines humides," June, A. David (No. 2719; with fruits, ex Franchet); “ Ou la chan, bords des ruisseaux des montagnes, A. David (No. 2676; ex Franchet). sa David's specimens may belong to S. cheilophila Schneider (see p. 69), which is very similar, although it may be distinguished by its mostly two-colored bracts and minute stigmas. 166. Salix Bockii Seemen. See p. 71. 167. Salix Duclouxii Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 298 (1909). ; CHINA. Yunnan: Yunnan Fu, valleys, July 23, 1905, F. Duclouz (No. 670; c? and 9 types). : Through the kindness of Mgr. Léveillé I have received c? and 9 catkins and ; leaf of his type. The flowers appear in summer like those of S. Bockii Seemen, ar I suppose both species are very closely related. The c have the same long glani as the 2 flowers, the bracts are acute and somewhat like those of S. variegata chet. It needs more material in order to decide whether our plant is a good species or only a form of S. Bockii. 168. Salix variegata Franchet. See p. 70. 169. Salix andropogon Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. III. 21 (1906); 1n Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LVI. 297 (1909); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (1915). CHINA. Kweichau: “ Lit du fleuve, submergé aux grandes eaux,” ber 15, 1904, J. Esquirol (No. 327; g and 9 types). ^. Mgr. Léveillé has kindly sent to the Arnold Arboretum a g' and a 9 catkin E this Willow. The species is very closely related to S. variegata Franchet, and cannot distinguish the 9 flowers from those of that species. The pubescence of catkins is sometimes somewhat yellowish, but I would not say: “ rhachi fulvo- villoso,” as Léveillé does. The ¢ catkins differ in several respects. The young anthers bear some hairs at the end of each connective, something I have never geen in any other species of Saliz. These hairs seem to fall off from the older anthers toward the base of the catkin. The filaments are pubescent at the base, une on S. variegata Franchet I have found them always glabrous, but von Seemen descr? the base of the filaments of the type of his S. densifoliata as "dicht weissgrau behaart,” a character which is variable in several species. The bracts of S. ando- pogon are villose and ciliate. Léveillé’s indication * squama . . . albide villosa, ebarbata ” seems to be a misprint for “ et barbata.” I have seen only very young small leaves which are nearly glabrous, the very short petioles being tomentose. ————— Danana aoaaa its ot SALICACEAE. — SALIX 171 170. Salix kouytchensis Schneider, n. sp. Salix Duclouzxii, var. kouytchensis Léveillé in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XVI. 298 (1909). $ Salix Duclouxii Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 381 (non Léveillé, 1909) (1915). CHINA. Kweichau: “bord de la rivière de Ouen-Tsen-Kiao (Kouy-Tin),” Nov. 23, 1902, J. Cavalerie (No. 728; fruiting type). A Ihave received from the author a small piece of a branchlet with a fruiting cat- kin which I describe as follows: Ramuli satis dense breviter adpresse albo-sericei, substriati. Folia lanceolata, utrinque acuta v. apice obtusiora, supra sparse sericea, in sicco brunnescentia, costa nervisque subprominulis, subtus distincte pallidiora, distinctius, initio ut videtur dense, sericea, glabrescentia, nervis costaque subprominulis, minutissime reticulata, margine satis dense glanduloso-serrato-dentata (dentibus 5-7 pro 1 em.), circiter 1.8 cm. longa, 0.5 em. lata; petioli 2-3 mm. longi, plus minusve sericeo-villosuli. Amenta breviter pedunculata, basi foliis 1-2 suffulta, sericeo-villosa, circiter 2.5 cm. longa et 1 cm. crassa. Fructus sessiles, ovato-oblongi, subacuti, sericei, stigmatibus oblongis bifidis sessilibus coronati. Glandula 2-3-fida, partibus linearibus, bracteis triplo brevior. Bracteae oblongae v. obovato-oblongae, obtusae, margine sericeo- villosae, faciebus subglabrescentes. 5 f : The deeply cleft gland and the rather obtuse bracts seem to distinguish this species from S. Duclourii Léveillé. In the shape of the bracts it resembles S. Bockii See- men, but the bracts of that species are often rather acutish and the leaves are much more silky and mostly obtuse at the ends. S. kouytchensis seems to flower in the autumn, and it needs further study to decide whether it is a good species or only & variety of S. Bockii Seemen or of S. variegata Franchet. 171. Salix pycnostachya Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 44 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 309 (1868). : INDIA. Kashmir: Zanskar (Gauskar, misprint in Andersson), “reg. alp., alt. 13000 ped.,” T. Thomson (c and 9 types). i This species is described with glabrous ovaries, while Hooker f. (Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 636 [1888]), and Brandis (Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 470 [1874]) say: “capsules . . . silky.” They also say that the catkins stand “ on leaf-bearing peduncles,” although they are nearly sessile in the type. I suppose there may be some other forms mixed up with our species, or it may be connected with the doubtful S. orycarpa An- dersson by intermediate or hybrid forms. S. pycnostachya, so far as 1 know, has sessile glabrous ovaries with short styles, nearly entire obtusish leaves, obovate bracts, and entirely united filaments, the var. alpina being a little more hairy on the young shoots and leaves. See also S. ozycarpa Andersson and the keys on P. 80 and p. 88. ix pycnostachya, var. alpina Hooker f. apud Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 309 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 636 (1888). Kashmir: Zanskar “reg. alp. alt. 13-14000 ped." T. Thomson 0531 Rs Tibet, Ladak, Timti La pass,” July 2 and 3, 1856, Scklagintucit (No. ; Sterile). catkins variety seems to be only a dwarf alpine form with smaller leaves and It the leaves are somewhat denticulate, may belong to S. ozycarpa Andersson because the 172. Salix oxycarpa Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 45 (1860), exclud. var. b serratifolia; in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 310 (1868), exclud. var. B ser- Hay. Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 471 (1874); Ind. Trees, 638 (1906). — coker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 636 (1888). — Collett, FI. Siml. 480 (pro parte) (1902). 172 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA INDIA. Kashmir: Kishtwar “alt. 6-11000 ped." T. Thomson (c? and 9 types, ex Andersson); "Tibet, Ladak, Yuru Kiom via Kandzi up the Timti La pass,” July 2, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 5261; with fruits); “Tsanskar, Sulle to Padum," June 22-24, 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 6744; sterile). This seems to bea very uncertain species. I have received from the Kew Herba- rium a specimen which is supposed to be Andersson's type. But there are three different things upon this sheet. First a fruiting branch to which apparently belongs the small label “ Ind. Valley, 7/7/48.” "These fruits agree very well with those of the co-type of var. breviuscula, and may belong to Andersson’s form a. angustifolia (1860). The ovaries are subsessile, the stigmas rather narrow and as long as the short style. The bracts are ovate-oblong, rather obtusish, and light brown. There are also two c? specimens. To one seems to belong a small label, “ Kishtwar 8-9000, 19/6/48.” Of this specimen the filaments are totally united, only the anthers being free, and are hairy in the lower part. The gland is rather long and narrow, and half as long as the obovate-oblong short silky dark-tipped bract. The old branchlets of both these c? and 9 specimens have the same pur- plish color and are somewhat pruinose; the young twigs are distinctly tomentose; the short stipules of the 9 branch are ovate, acute, or semi-cordate and glandular- serrate; the catkins have short leafy peduncles and are 5-6 cm. long and 1 cm. thick. This c? form does not agree with Andersson’s description. To the second d' specimen apparently belongs the main label: * Kishtwar, 6-11000 ped., coll. Thomson,” which would be Andersson’s type. But Andersson says in his description: “ Rami . . . in speciminibus masculis a me visis molliter incano- pubescentes . . .” and “Stamina 2, filamentis usque ad medium connatis glabris . . .” In the specimen before me only the very young twigs are tomentose, the * rami " being glabrous, purplish and somewhat pruinose as in the other forms. The filaments are united only at the very base and are very hairy on the lower third. The gland is shorter and somewhat broader than in the other c' specimen, the obovate-oblong light-brown bracts are very silky on the inner surface and nearly glabrous except at the very base on the outer surface. The young leaves show no difference in shape, color, etc. from those of the other specimens. There is perhaps another &' form mixed with those mentioned above, repre- senting Andersson's @ type with pubescent branches and glabrous filaments united for half of their length. Salix oxycarpa, var. breviuscula Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 46 (1860); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 310 (1868). ii : He Kashmir: “ Zanskar, alt. 10-14000 ped." T. Thomson (fruiting ype). According to the co-type this variety agrees well with the 9 form mentioned above. Schlagintweit's No. 5261 differs slightly in the very sessile stigmas. the d' specimen with the completely united stamens does belong to the same form, this variety could be kept as a distinct species much like S. pycnostachya Andersson, but differing in its hairy ovaries. Further study of good material is needed to prove whether this 9 plant belongs to the typical S. orycarpa or to 8 different species. 173. Salix myricaefolia Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 483 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 53 (1860). Saliz fruticulosa Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 53 (1860), quoad plant. 9. Saliz divergens Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 316 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 637 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 639 (1906). INDIA. Kashmir: “ Kishtwar, 12000 ped.," T. Thomson (c? and 9 types of S. divergens); “ Zanskar, 15000 ped.,” T. Thomson (9 type of S. i of SALICACEAE. — SALIX 178 1860); “ in India orientali superiori" V. Jacquemont & G. S. Perrotet (9 type of S. myricaefolia, ex Andersson). See also my remarks under S. fruticulosa Andersson (p. 119). S. myricaefolia certainly is closely related to S. orycarpa Andersson, which has the same silky ovaries, and to S. pycnostachya Andersson, which has the same ob- tusish and entire leaves, but it differs from both in its much shorter catkins. Of the # flowers I have not seen sufficient material. 174. Salix myrtillacea Andersson. See p. 71. Sect. 33. CAESIAE Kerner in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, X. 205 ( Niederüstr. Weid.) (1860). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 67 (1904). Frutieuli v. frutices glabri plerique valde et breviter ramosi. Folia ovata, elliptica, lanceolata v. oblanceolata, discoloria, in sicco saepe nigrescentia, plus munusve tenuiter nervata et reticulata, margine integra. Amenta coetanea, Sübsessilia, ovato-cylindrica v. breviter cylindrica, densa; flores c? glandula una dorsali oblonga, filamentis ex parte v. totis coalitis; ovaria subsessilia v. breviter pedicellata, sericea, stylis brevibus v. mediocribus, stigmatibus brevibus oblongis. The type of this section, Saliz caesia Villars (Pl. Dauph. III. 768 [1789]) (see Seemen in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 198 [1908]) does not occur in Asia. The two following species are kept distinct by Wolf. 175. Salix minutiflora Turczaninow apud Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIII. 142 (1903). — Krylov, da. Aamaa, 1208 (1909). Saliz sibirica, a glabra Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 622 (1850), quoad syn. S. minutiflora Turczaninow, Pl. Exsicc. Salix caesia, a glabra Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. XXVII. 394 (1854) ; Fl. Baical.-Dahur. YI. 121 (1856). Sali caesia, var. minutiflora Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 317 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 458 (1891). Salix sibirica Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 457 (non Pallas) (1891). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia to Yakutsk (see Herder, |. c., and Wolf, 1. c.), ^ S. minutiflora is most, closely related to S. Kochiana Trautvetter (see the differ- ences in the key, p. 79 and p. 98). Salix minutiflora, y pubescens Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIII. 143 (1903). Salix caesia, 8 pubescens Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 394 (1854) ; Fl. Baical.-Dahur. YI. 121 (1856). Salix sibirica Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 67, fig. 20 w!, 20 c (non Pallas) (1904). This form does not occur in our area, so far as I know; I have seen specimens m the Altai, P. Krylov, July 5, 1901. 176. Salix Kochiana Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Bir. Acad Sci. St. Pétersbourg, - 632, t. 1 (Salicet.) (1837). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 602 (1850). — 102 (auinow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 375 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. I. <02 (1856). — Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 314 (1868). — Herder rm Hort. Petrop. XI. 455 (1891). — Wolf in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXIII. 143 903). — Krylov, da. Asmaa, 1209 (1909). Salix Pontederana Trautvetter in Ledebour, Fl. Alt. III. 263 (exclud. synon., non Willdenow) (1833). : i Saliz loniceraefolia Turczaninow, Pl. Exsice., ex Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 375 (pro synon.) (1850). 174 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia (see Herder, l. c., and Wolf, 1. c.). I have seen specimens of this species only from the Altai, collected by Sapo- schnikof, June 10, 1897. It is very closely related to S. minutiflora Turczaninow (see the keys, p. 79 and p. 93). SPECIES SECTIONIS INCERTAE. 177. Salix allochroa Schneider. See p. 72. 178. Salix polia Schneider, n. sp. Frutex erectus, ut videtur satis longe ramosus; ramuli novelli annotinique dense albo-griseo-tomentelli, deinde glabrescentes, flavi, vetustiores brunneo-cineras- centes; gemmae ovato-acutae, subappressae, tomentellae, rubro-brunneae. Folia juvenilia lanceolata v. oblanceolata, apice breviter acuta v. subobtusa, basin versus sensim attenuata, in petiolum 1-4 mm. longum villosum producta, supra dense sericeo-villosa, paulo v. vix viridescentia, subtus densius albo-sericeo-villosa, nervis nondum visibilibus, margine dense villosula, ut videtur interdum minute glandu- loso-dentieulata (glandulis inter pubescentiam occultis), 2-4 em. longa, 0.4-0.8 cm. lata; stipulae petiolis breviores, ovato- v. angusto-lanceolatae, tomentellae. Amenta (9 tantum visa) subcoetanea, subsessilia, basi foliis parvis lanceolatis 2-3 suffulta, erecta, densa, cylindrica, 3-4 cm. longa, 1 em. crassa, rhachi villoso tomentella; ovaria sessilia, juvenilia crasse ovata, dein crasse ovato-oblonga, dense Sericeo-villosa, stylo mediocri satis tenui integro stigmatibus linearibus satis longis apice bifidis subaequilongo coronata; bracteae late obovatae; ovaria juve- nilia plus minusve amplectentes, dein ovariis triplo breviores, flavo-brunneae, concolores, utrinque sericeae v. sericeo-villosae et ciliatae; glandula una ventralis plana, oblongo-rectangularis, apice truncata v. emarginata, bracteis circiter 2-3-plo duet Capsulae griseo-sericeo-villosae, circiter 6 mm. longae, sessiles (v. sub- sessiles). MONGOLIA: near Saisansk, along a watercourse in sandy soil, May 21, 1911, F. N. Meyer (No. 733, type; 9). ; This species resembles S. Lapponum Linnaeus (Spec. 1019 [1753]) and especially S. Krylovii Wolf (in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXVIII. 537 [1911]. —S. pseudolapponum Wolf apud Krylov, Da. Aamaa, 1226 [non Seemen] [1909)], to which I refer No. 836 of F. N. Meyer, Altai, Birel, June 16, 1911, and No. 793, Marka Kul, June 7, 1911. In S. Lapponum Linnaeus, however, and in S. Krylovii Wolf, the ovaries are tinctly stalked, while they are sessile in our new species. S. Lapponum Linnaeus differs also in the more or less acute bracts, and the mostly longer style as well as inthe glabrous brown branchlets. S. Krylovii Wolf has the same brown, somewhat shining branchlets of the second year as S. Lapponum Linnaeus and broader, ellip- tical or oblong-obovate leaves, while in S. polia the leaves are lanceolate or oblan- ceolate and the branchlets are distinctly yellowish. As long as I do not know the @ flowers 1 am not sure to which section S. Krylovii Wolf belongs. S. Lappo- num Linnaeus is placed by von Seemen (in Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Flora, IV. 182 [1908]) in sect. Viminales, but I think it would be better to keep this species in a distinct section. Andersson (in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. 275 [1868]) placed S. Lapp Li is under sect. Niveae subsect. Villosae An- dersson, the first species of which is S. speciosa Hooker & Arnott. There is nO S. villosa under the different forms united by Andersson in his subsection, which to my opinion does not form a natural group. The specific name is derived from moMós, white of hair. 179. Salix algista Schneider, n. sp. v. hybr. Frutex v. arbuscula, 0.9-4.5 m. alta, ut videtur satis breviter ramosa; ram novelli sparse sericei, biennes glabri, purpureo-rubri, vetustiores cinerascentes. SALICACEAE. — SALIX 175 Folia valde juvenilia lanceolata, elliptico-lanceolata, elliptica v. obovato-lanceo- lata, basi pleraque ut videtur subacuta, apice acuta v. subobtusa, supra viridia v. subnigrescentia, glabra v. basim versus ad costam sericea, subtus-pallidiora, ad costam sparse sericea v. subglabra, margine satis distincte crenato-serrata, nervis visibilibus angulo 45° a costa divergentibus, 1-2 em. longa, 0.5-1 em. lata; petioli nondum satis evoluti brevissime sericei. Amenta coetanea, brevipeduncu- lata, basi foliis parvis ceteris similibus 2-4 suffulta, cylindrica, densiflora, thachi sericeo-villosa, c" 1.5-2.5 em. (pedunculo excluso) longa, circiter 0.6- 0.7 cm. crassa, 9 tantum 1—1.5 em. longa, circiter 5 mm. crassa; flores 7 diandri, filamentis liberis glabris bracteis fere duplo longioribus, antheris ovalibus flavis; glandula in floribus juvenilibus una ventralis, ovato-rectangularis, obtusa, in floribus evolutis etiam glandula dorsalis multo minor adest; bracteae ovato- oblongae, subobtusae, glandula ventrali adulta 214-3-plo longiores, initio apice fuseae, dein fere concolores, flavo-brunneae, sparse sericeae v. facie utrinque subglabrae; ovaria subsessilia, ovato-elongata, laxe sericea sed versus apicem glabra, in stylum distinctum apice bifidum attenuata, stigmatibus brevibus emarginatis; glandula una ventralis late ovata, apice truncata, saepe incisa, bracteis 4% brevior; bracteae ovato-oblongae, apice subacutae v. acutae, ovario sub- aequilongae, utrinque breviter sericeae, flavo-brunneae. JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Suruga, slopes of Fuji-san, abundant above alt. 300 m., May 7, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6637, type; bush or small tree, 0.9-4.5 m. tall, 9 ; No. 6637*, c^ co-type). This is a curious form, looking somewhat like a hybrid between S. Reinii Franchet & Savatier and a species of sect. Albae. The old c? flowers have a very small dorsal gland. Unfortunately there are no mature leaves. The habit seems to be different from that of all the species of sect. Albae resembling S. Reinii, which is appar- ently a common plant at the type locality. The specific name is derived from áXywrros, very difficult. 180. Salix ampherista Schneider, n. sp. : Frutex?; ramuli hornotini tenuiter albo-sericeo-villosuli, vetustiores glabri, Purpurascentes, leviter nitentes, satis tenues. Folia tenuia (ut videtur nondum Satis evoluta) late elliptica, obovata v. obovato-elliptica, basi acuta et saepe coe *t® apice breviter acuta, supra viridia, sparse villosula, subtus fere con- coloria v. paullo pallidiora, initio tomentella, mox subglabrescentia, sparse ad- Presse breviter sericea pilis fulvis intermixtis, costa prominula distinctius gga nervis lateralibus utrinque vix prominulis satis angustis sub angulo 70- ^ à costa divergentibus, 3-5 pro 1 cm., margine integerrima, minora 2-3 cm. "ge 1-2 em. lata, majora usque 4.2 cm. longa et 2.5 em. lata v. ad 4.5 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata; petioli 2-4 mm. longi, villosuli. Amenta (tantum fructifera visa) “ray (ut videtur praecocia et initio squamis paucis suffulta) 3-6 cm. longa, Ben. 1.2 cm. crassa, satis densa, rhachi sericeo-villosa; ovaria ovato-oblonga, reviter Sericea, breviter pedicellata pedicellis glandula una ventrali ovato- terdugtlari apice truncata compressa initio duplo brevioribus sed in fructu in- in um aequilongis v. sublongioribus, stylo distincto pedicello subaequilongo tegro, stigmatibus oblongis ut videtur integris stylo brevioribus coronata; brac- tinete. vatae, obtusae, concavae, fuscae, glandulis junioribus subaequilongae dis- et tes satis longe subtus sparsius pilis albis v. rarius paullo flavescentibus sericeae ae tae. Fructus pedicello incluso circiter 5 mm. longi, sparsius quam ovaria ora sericei. te EAN, Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, June 1, 1904, U. Faurie ; 9798 type; 9 ; sub nom. S. daisenensis Seemen). Species looks somewhat like S. phylicifolia Linnaeus and resembles also S, 176 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA daisenensis Seemen, although the latter, according to von Seemen’s figure, has longer catkins which are more distinctly pedunculate; the leaves are rather coarsely denticulate, and the bracts and stigmas seem to be different. The specific name is derived from du¢nptoros, doubtful. 181. Salix melea Schneider, n. sp. Frutex?; ramuli novelli sparse villosuli, vetustiores purpureo-fusci, satis tenues, glabri. Folia (nondum satis evoluta) lanceolata v. pleraque oblanceolata, basim versus sensim attenuata, acuta, apice breviter acuta v. obtusiuscula, supra satis obscure viridia, costa tenuissime pilosula ceterum glabra, subtus cinerea, costa elevata flavescente plus minusve laxesericea, rarius etiam facie sparse pilosa, ceterum glabra, nervis vix prominulis angulo 75-50? a costa divergentibus, circiter 3-4 pro 1 cm., margine integra, 1.5-5 em. longa, 0.5-1.2 cm. lata; petioli breves, 2-5 mm. longi, sparse sericeo-villosi; stipulae minimae, lineares, caducissimae. Amenta (fructifera tantum vidi) fere sessilia, ut videtur initio foliolis parvis v. squamis paucis suffulta et praecocia, longe cylindrica, 5.5-7 em. longa, circiter 1 cm. crassa, rhachi sericeo-villosa, densissima; flores inter fructus remanentes subsessiles; ovaria ovata, puberula, stylo pedicello subaequilongo integro, stigmatibus stylo subaequilongis oblongis ut videtur integris coronata; glandula una ventralis, pedi- cello paullo longior, oblonga obtusa; bracteae 14-24 ovarii aequantes, obovatae, brunneae, plus minusve albo-sericeae. Fructus tantum tenuissime pilosuli, circiter 4 mm. longi, oblongi, pedicello glandula vix aequilongo suffulti, bracteis pedicello duplo longioribus. CHINA. Without locality or date, W. Purdom (fruiting type). ; With its long fruiting aments and its entire oblanceolate leaves this species looks distinct, but somewhat resembles forms of S. opaca Andersson (see p. 159). The Willows of northern China are still very badly known and need further study. The specific name is derived from péAeos, useless. 182. Salix etosia Schneider. See p. 73. 183. Salix Léveilléana Schneider, n. sp. ; Frutex v. arbor?; ramuli floriferi breviter sericeo-villosuli, olivaceo-brunnel noveli ignoti; gemmae oblongae, adpressae, breviter pilosae. Folia ignota. Amenta (9 tantum nota) przcocia, sessilia, basi squamis paucis extus sericels suffulta, ad 5 cm. longa (an satis evoluta?) et circiter 1 em. crassa, paulo curvata, sericea, densiflora, rhachi villosa; ovaria glabra ovata, in stylo subaequilongo satis crasso sensim producta, stigmatibus linearibus stylo 2-3-plo brevioribus adpressis bifidis coronata, pedicello distincto piloso glandulam duplo superante suffulta; glandula una ventralis, obtuso-rectangularis; bracteae oblongae, subobtusae, satis angustae, brunnescentes, longe sericeae, sed basi intus et apice extus interdum glabrae, pedicello duplo longiores. Fructus ignoti. CHINA. Yunnan: "vallée de Kiao-mé-ti, ruisseau," alt. 3000 m., April 1913, E. E. Maire (type, 2). I have received a part of a branchlet of this interesting Willow from Mgr. Lé- veillé in honor of whom I have named this species. Not having seen the leaves and < flowers, I cannot refer it to a section, but it is certainly different from all the numerous Willows I have seen from China and the other parts of our area. SPECIES VARIETATESQUE SECUNDUM PLANTAS IN DITIONE NOSTRA COLLECTAS DESCRIPTAE SED DUBIAE. Salix apiculata Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 470 (1851); Jour. Linn. Soc. 1V. 42 (1860). SALICACEAE. — SALIX 177 Saliz cuspidata Wallich, Cat. No. 3703 A-B (nomen nudum) (non Schultz, nec D. Don) (1829). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 627 (1888). INDIA. Madras presidency: Nilgherry, Dimhutty, D. Noton (Wallich’s No. 37035; sterile); without locality (Wallich’s No. 3703*, ex Herb. Wright, ap- parently 9 type of S. apiculata); East Bengal?, Sonog?, December 1827, Dr. Gomez (Wallich’s No. 9106; ex Andersson). This is a very doubtful species and probably the same as S. tetrasperma Rox- burgh. I have seen only a photograph of the type specimen and a drawing of a single leaf of No. 37035. According to Hooker f. No. 3703* “is S. tetrasperma with long bracts and glabrous capsules," and it is from this specimen that Andersson must have drawn up his description. He cites as a synonym S. cuspidata D. Don (Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 59 [1825]), which was founded on a sterile specimen collected by Kamrup at Sirinagur (Kashmir). I doubt if the true S. tetrasperma occurs in this region. Salix calophylla Wallich apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 502 (1857). — Hooker f., Flor. Brit. Ind. V. 628 (1888). INDIA. Burma: banks of Attran, March 1827, N. Wallich (Cat. No. 9102; sterile type, ex Andersson). This seems to be a large-leafed form of S. tetrasperma Roxburgh. , Salix calostachya Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 490 (1851); in Jour. Linn. Soc. YV. 42 (1860); in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. VI. 5 (Monogr. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 194 (1868). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 637 (1888). INDIA. Kashmir: “a Kahouta ad Mahabad, in sylvis humidis, alt. 2000 m." V. Jacquemont (No. 250; type 9 ex Andersson). : This seems to be a form of S. Wallichiana Andersson with glabrescent ovaries. According to his journal (Voy. III. 168 [1841]) Jacquemont left Kohouta and an = llahabad on May 2, 1831. Hooker writes the names Kahvata and eb. Salix densa Wallich apud Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 502 (non Fries 1832) (1851). — Hooker f., FI. Brit. Ind. V. 628 (1888). ; INDIA. Burma: Martaban, March 1827, N. Wallich (Cat. No. 9103; sterile type ex Andersson). o e is à form with very long linear-oblong leaves. According to Hooker f., it is probably referable to S. tetrasperma Roxburgh. wee var. subphylicifolia Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Without locality, Stubendorff (type, with fruits, ex Andersson). This is a very doubtful form, not even mentioned by Herder (1891). Salix futura Seemen, Salic. Ja 1 . Jap. 71, t. 17, fig. F-a? (1903). JAPAN, - Without locality, M. Shirai (No. 47, type, 9, ex von Seemen). fo nis species is described from a 9 flowering branch only; the leaves, the c' wers, and the original locality are not known. 75 ix macilenta Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. VI. 141, t. 7, fig. (Monog. Salic) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 245 (1868). Salix phylicifolia Chamisso in Linnaea, VI. 542 (1831). i NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka: Redowski-land, A. Chamisso (9 ype ex Andersson). 178 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Andersson says: “Est sine ullo dubio S. phylicifoliae v. S. arbusculae sat affinis." The fruits are glabrous, and the pedicels are scarcely as long as the gland. This little-known species is omitted by Herder (1891). Salix mongolica Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 90 (1912); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 328 (1914). — Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). Salix mongolica, f. gracilior Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, IX. 90 cum icone; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 328 (1914).— Toepffer, Salicol. Mitt. No. 5, 248 (1912). s NORTHEASTERN ASIA. “Prov. Kirinensis, inter st. Jao-mén et p. U-dsiu- dsja, Sept. 1905 (fol.).” , By S. mongolica (Franch.) I suppose Siuzev means S. phylicifolia Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2. VII. 93 (Pl. David. I. 283) (1884), which is a very uncertain plant. Not having seen the original publication or any of the specimens, I can only mention this species. Salix nobilis Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. I. 78 (1832). — Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 492 (1851); VI. 4 (in textu sub S. pyrina) (1867). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 628 (1888). Saliz tetrasperma, var. nobilis Andersson in Jour. Linn. Soc. IV. 42 (1860). INDIA. Nepal: without locality, N. Wallich (in Herb. Hornemann, ex Fries). So far as I can judge from the description this species may be a mixture of two forms, the 9 plant belonging to a species like S. tetrasperma Roxburgh and the 9 plant to S. daphnoides, var. indica Andersson. The style is described as very long, but not as bifid, as Hooker f. says, and the stigmas as linear and cleft. Salix (phylicaefolia?) macrocarpa Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850, 479 (1851). INDIA. Garhwal, ^in frigidis umbrosis et fertilibus a Bari ad Kounass, d. 14 Maji 1829," V. Jacquemont (No. 70*, type; 9, ex Andersson). Andersson never mentioned this doubtful Willow again, which apparently was collected by Jacquemont on May 14, 1830, between Bari and Bounasse (see Voy. Jour. II. 79 [1841]). In addition to his description Andersson refers to “ S. glabres- cens Lindley in Oude et Rohileund 1825; Wallich (Cat. n. 3706),” of which I have a photograph and some fruits and leaves before me. Wallich collected this number in the Kootuhonnaut Forest, March 6, 1825, and in the Rampoor Forest, Mesi 27, 1825. According to the shape of the gland of the glabrous long-pedicell capsules this Willow seems to belong to sect. T'etraspermae.: But I have to confess, as Andersson did, that 1 cannot “ certum de iis judicium pronuntiare." Salix phylicoides, var. attenuata Andersson in Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vl. 141 (Monog. Salic.) (1867); in De Candolle, Prodr. XII. pt. 2, 245 (1868). — Herder, in Act. Hort. Petrop. X1. 416 (1891). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Kamtchatka: Paratan, July 31, 1849, Stuben- e nie ce sterile type, ex Andersson and Herder); Petropavlowsk, Kastalsky ex er). Herder says that according to C. A. Meyer the type specimen belongs to S. boganidensis Trautvetter & Meyer (see p. 125). Andersson (1867) describes the leaves as “anguste lineari-lanceolatis 3-4 (in 1868, 3-7!) pollices longis vix 74 poll. latis." This is a very doubtful form. ewe. eee ee SALICACEAE. — SALIX 179 Salix sitchensis Sanson, var. ajanensis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 233 (1868). Salix sitchensis Regel & Tiling in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI. 117) (Fl. Ajan. (non Sanson) (1858). i : NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk: Ajan, H. Tiling (No. 252; with fruits; ex Andersson). j See also Herder (in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 409 [1891]). The true S. sitchensis Sanson apud Bongard in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 6, 1I. 162 (Végét. de Sitcha 44) (1833) does not occur in Asia. Salix speciosa Hooker & Arnott, var. ajanensis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 275 (1868). Saliz Lapponum Regel & Tiling in Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XI. (Fl. Ajan. 118) (non Linnaeus) (1858). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk: near Ajan, H. Tiling (with fruits). Salix speciosa, var. Trautvetteriana Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 276 (1868). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. Xl. 431 (1891). _ 1 NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Transbaikalia: “in Dahuria," N. Turczani now (see Herder, l. c.; 9 type). peciosa, var. chrysea Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 276 Salix (1868). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Yakutsk: without locality, Stubendorff (c* and 9 types, ex Andersson). It seems extremely doubtful if any of these forms belong to S. speciosa Hooker & Arnott (Bot. Voy. Beechey, 130 [non Host, 1828] [1832]), the correct name of which is S. alazensis Coville (in Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 11. 280 [1900]). — S. speciosa, B alazensis Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 275 [1868]. — S. longi- stylis Rydberg in Bull. N. York Bot. Gard. II. 163 [1901]). Salix subfragilis Andersson in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. VI. 450 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 11. 502 (1879). — Seemen, Salic. Jap. 74 (1903). JAP. Hokkaido: prov. Oshima, Hakodate, S. W. Williams & J. Morrow (9 type, ex Andersson). nfortunately I have not been able to see the type specimen of this plant, and 80 far as I can judge from the rather short description it may be the same as S. Jessoensis Seemen or S. hondoensis Koidzumi (see p. 110). Salix viridula Andersson Mem. Am. Acad.n. ser. VI.451 (Gray, Bot. Jap.) (1859).— Seemen, Salic. Jap. 74 (1903). Salix padifolia, var. viridula Andersson in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 256 (1868). JAPAN. Hondo: Yokohama, S. W. Williams & J. Morrow (oc type, ex Andersson), 5 x I have not seen the type specimen of this species, which according to the deserip- on may be S. Reinii Franchet & Savatier (see p. 127). Salix Yoshinoi Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot, Mag. XXIX. 314 (1915). : JAPAN. Hondo: "prov. Bittsiu, Karkari, Abe” (9 type, ex Koidzumi). Without having seen a specimen I am not able to determine the relationship of this Willow, which may belong to sect. Albae or to sect. Helix. Koidzumi says n the catkins resemble those of S. hirosakensis Koidzumi, which is the same as ` is Koidzumi (see p. 110). JUGLANDACEAE. Determined by ALFreD REHDER and E. H. WiLsoN.! PLATYCARYA Sieb. and Zucc. Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. III. 742, t. 5, fig. 1 (1843). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 3, XVIII. 64 (1873); in Mél. Biol. VIII. 640 (1873). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 92 (Pl. David. L 282) (1884). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 495 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 273 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 31 (1910). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 251 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912).— Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 203 (1914). Fortunaea chinensis Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. Y. 150 (1846). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1665; bush 2.5-4 m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets and woods, alt. 30-1300 m., June and October 1907 (No. 495; bush or small tree 3-12 m. tall, 0.3-1 m. girth); Ichang, glens, May 1900, Veitch Exped. (No. 451); Chienshi Hsien, A. Henry (No. 6014); “ Monte di Ku-tchen,” alt. 600 m., July 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 309); “ lungo il fiume Han-Kiang,” alt. 700 m., June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 311); “Monte Si-ho," July 1909, C. Silvestri (No. 2923). Yunnan: Milé district, A. Henry (No. 9937). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor, near Hanchou, June 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 427). This is a common bush or small tree, more rarely a tree from 12-15 m. tall with a trunk 1 m. in girth but occasionally 20 m. tall and 2.5 m. in girth. The bark i$ thick, dark and deeply furrowed; the branches are moderately thick and spread- ing and form a rounded or flattened head. . : In Hupeh the colloquial name is Huan-hsiang-shu and the fruit is used to pre- pare a black dye for cotton goods. Photographs of this tree will be found under Nos. 495, 0179, 0154 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and in his Vegeta- tion of Western China, No. 389. 1 Carya by C. S. Sargent. 180 JUGLANDACEAE, — PTEROCARYA 181 PTEROCARYA Kunth. Sect. EuPTEROCARYA Rehder and Wilson, n. sect. Gemmae nudae, plerumque plures superpositae; amenta mascula e gemmis nudis axillaribus infra apicem ramuli anni praeteriti orientia. Pterocarya stenoptera C. De Candolle in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, XVIII. 34 (1862); Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 140 (1864). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XI. 376 (1873). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, sér. 3, XVIII. 64 (1873); (in Mél. Biol. VIII. 639 (1873).— Lavallée, Icon. Arb. Segrez. 65, t. 19 (1885). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 494 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 274 (1900). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 250 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). rie laevigata Hort. ex Lavallée, Icon. Arb. Segrez. 65 (pro synon.) Pter ocarya chinensis Hort. ex Lavallée, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1885). ere japonica Hort. apud Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 329, fig. 151 Pterocarya stenoptera, a typica Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 317 (1898). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 249 (1910). Pterocarya stenoptera, 8 kouitchensis Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 318 (1898). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 203 (1914). Kiangsi: Kiukiang, side of streams, alt. 300 m., August 2, 1907 (No. 1660; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1-5 m.). Western Hupeh: Ichang, 30-1000 m., April, June and October 1910 (No. 3214); same locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 117); Changyang Hsien, alt. 1000 m., December 1907 (No. 788; tree 30 m. tall, girth 6 m.); with- out locality, A. Henry (No. 1332); “ On-kia-ki,” April to May, C. Silvestri (No. 316). Yunnan: Lunan, river-side, A. Henry (No. 10573). Chekiang: Ningpo, 1861, R. Oldham. Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 3863). Kwang- tung: Canton, cultivated, 1872 (Herb. H. F. Hance, No. 17623). This is one of the commonest trees on river-banks and on the stony and sandy beds of summer torrents in Hune eripi aom, up to 1000 m. altitude. On the iet Hive and its main tributaries it is the iat tree to appear on newly . Iti ick. ing ti ttaining t 25-30 m. and a girth of lic. hr pa ih iene lune branches and thick, deeply sured gray bark. Young plants spring from the roots and frequently form thickets on dry stony or sandy river-beds. The wood is soft, brittle and of no value except for fuel. In Shanghai, Hankow and other cities it is commonly planted as à street tree and by foreigners is called “ Chinese Ash.” Near Ichang, where this tree is particularly abundant, it is colloquially known as the Liu-shu. 182 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 430, 482, 487, 496, 497, 498, 598, 646 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418. The characters on which Franchet (l. c.) based his varieties are inconstant and of no taxonomie value, being dependent upon situation, vigor and the season of the year. Pterocarya hupehensis Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 493 (1899). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 31 (1910). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, moist woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., June and October 1907 (No. 404; tree 5-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1800-2000 m., November 1907, October 1910 (Nos. 639, 4429; tree 13-20 m., girth 1-2 m.); Changyang Hsien, woods, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 905); same locality, A. Henry (No. 6158). Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt. 2300-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4141; tree 16-20 m. tall, 2-2.5 m. in girth). This is à common tree in moist woods and by the side of streams in western Hupeh between 1200-2000 m. altitude. The bark is fibrous, smooth and pale gray, becoming deeply fissured on the trunk of old trees. The number of leaflets varies from 7 to 13. In Hupeh a colloquial name for this tree is Shan-liu-shu. The specimen from Szech’uan (No. 4141) is fragmentary and may possibly belong to P. Delavayi Franchet, which we have not seen. Pterocarya Paliurus Batalin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIII. 101 (1893). — Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 318 (1898). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 494 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 274 (1900). — J. H. Veiteh in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. XXVIII. 65, fig. 26 (1903). Descriptioni adde: Amenta mascula geminata v. terna, e gemmis lateralibus nudis 1-2 infra apicem rami anni praeteriti orta, 8-13 cm. longa, pendula, satis laxa; axis angulata, breviter villosula; bracteae oblongae, obtusae, 1-2 mm. longae, lepidotae, cito caducae; flores breviter pedicellati; perianthium erectus lepidotum; stamina 12-24 in seriebus 2-4 dis- posita. Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1000- 1600 m., June and October 1907 (No. 452; tree 13-20 m. tall, 1.5-2.5 m. girth); same locality, June 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 901; flowers); Kui-chou, August 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 901; fruit); Changyang Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7694). Eastern Szech’uan: “ Tchen-kéou- JUGLANDACEAE. — PETEROCARYA 183 tin,” R. P. Farges. Western Szech'uan: Chiu-ting-shan, road- side, alt. 2150 m., May 23, October 1908 (No. 3213; tree 20 m. tall, 2 m. girth, only one seen). This tree is fairly common scattered through the moist woods in western Hupeh, but is very rare in western Szech'uan. The bark is thick, gray, fibrous and deeply fissured on old trees. The leaflets vary from 7-9 and are subopposite; the fruit on some of the specimens is 7.5 cm. across. In Hupeh the colloquial name for this tree is Chin-chien-li. Franchet's section Cycloptera based on this species can hardly be maintained as a distinct section. The only difference is in the great development of the wings of the fruit, which become confluent so as to form one circular wing. Its origin from two wings, however, is apparent in many fruits which are distinctly contracted in the middle of the upper and of the lower margins. The other more important character attributed by Franchet to his section Cycloptera concerning the position of the staminate catkins does not exist in P. Paliurus, which has the staminate catkins arranged exactly like those in the two preceding species, as flowering Specimens before us show. The flowering specimen on which Franchet based his description of the flowers of Cycloptera apparently belongs to the following species. Sect. CuLAENOPTEROCARYA Rehder and Wilson, n. sect. Gemmae perulis magnis imbricatis circiter 3 caducis praeditae, Solitariae, manifeste stipitatae; amenta mascula ex axillis foliorum novellorum infra amentum femineum orientia. Typus sectionis: P. rhoifolia Siebold & Zuccarini. Pterocarya insignis Rehder & Wilson, n. spec. Pterocarya Paliurus Franchet in Jour. de Bot, XII. 318 (non Batalin) (1898) quoad descriptionem florum et specimen floribus masculis e Tchen-kéou-tin. „Arbor 16-25-metralis, trunco 30-60 em. diam.; trunci cortex cinereus, laevis demum fissus; ramuli lenticellati; gemmae perulis 3, oblongo-lanceolatis 2.5-3 em. longis convolutis extus lepidotis et Sparse pubescentibus praeditae. Folia 7-11-foliolata, petiolo in- cluso 20-45 cm. longa; foliola basin versus decrescentia, lateralia opposita v. subopposita, breviter petiolulata v. subsessilia, oblonga, acuta, basi oblique rotundata, 8-20 cm. longa et 3-6.5 cm. lata, ter- minale petiolulatum petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. longo, oblongo-lanceolatum v. Ovato-lanceolatum, acuminatum, basi attenuatum, 15-20 cm. longum x 5-8 em. latum, omnia serrulata, supra glabrescentia, subtus initio )ccos0-tomentosa glandulis minutis sparsis intermixtis, mox fere glabra Costa nervisque fulvo-tomentosis exceptis, nervis utrinsecus "rctter 20 subtus elevatis; petioli validi, 4.5-6 cm. longi, supra plani, k dilatati; rhachis leviter marginata ut petioli petiolulique cinereo- mentosi, Flores non visi. Racemi fructiferi foliis longiores, axi- 184 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA glabri leviter angulata; fructus alis orbiculari-ovatis apice rotundatis 2 cm. longis et 2-2.5 cm. latis glandulis fuscis nitentibus conspersis. Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, alt. 1600 m., September 18, 1908 (No. 3212). This is a very distinct species, differing in its covered winter-buds from all others known except the Japanese P. rhoifolia Siebold & Zuccarini. We have seen no staminate flowers, but we are convinced that the staminate aments described by Franchet under P. Paliurus belong here, as they agree in regard to their position exactly with those of P. rhoifolia, which is closely related to P. insignis. The Japanese species is well distinguished by its smaller more numerous leaflets mark- edly lepidote-glandular below, its sparsely pubescent axis of the fruit-catkin and by its much smaller wings (1.2 em. long, 1.6 cm. wide) to the fruit. This new Pterocarya is a rare tree and known to us from only one locality near the base of Mt. Wa. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 355 of the col- lection of Wilson’s photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 412. JUGLANS L. Juglans regia Linnaeus, Spec. 997 (1753). — Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 573 (1790). — Bunge in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, II. 136 (Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 62) (1835). — C. De Candolle in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 135 (1864). — Kurz in Jour. Bot. XI. 193 (1873). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 497 (1874); Ind. Trees, 619 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 595 (1888). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 493 (1899). Juglans regia, var. sinensis C. De Candolle in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, XVIII. (1862); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 135 (1864). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 3, XVIII. 57; in Mél. Biol. VIII. 630 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 455 (1875). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeauz, XXXIII. 63 (Fl. Tientsien, 40) (1879). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 493 (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. 274 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 5, fig. 1-15 (1908). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 4 (1912). dns pme Siebold apud Miquel in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. III. 103 Juglans Duclouriana Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1906, 81, fig.; 12 Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VII. 90 (1909). Juglans Orientis Dode 1. c. 1906, 91, fig.; 1. c. 92, (1909). Juglans sinensis Dode 1. c. 1906, 92, fig.; 1. c. 92 (1909). J'uglans sigillata Dode 1. c. 1906, 94, fig.; 1. c. 93 (1909). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, cultivated, alt. 300-2000 m., May 7, August and October 1907 (No. 203; tree 10-20 m. tall, 1-3 m. girth); Changyang Hsien, cultivated, alt. 1300-1600 m., May and October 1907 (Nos. 653; tree 20 m. tall, girth 3 m.); same locality (Nos. 654, 654°; fruit only); Hsing-shan Hsien, cultivated, JUGLANDACEAE. — JUGLANS 185 alt. 1300-2100 m., April, May, August and September 1907 (Nos. 389, 206; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); Fang Hsien, cultivated, alt. 1300-2000 m., May, October 1907 (No. 390; tree 13-20 m. tall, girth 2-3 m.); without locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 330). Western Szech'uan: west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, cultivated, alt. 1300-2600 m., October 1908 (Nos. 1144, 1145; tree 13-25 m. tall, girth 2-5 m.); Tachien-lu, cultivated, alt. 1300-2600 m., October 1908 (No. 1145*; tree 13-26 m. tall, girth 2-5 m.). Yunnan: Mengtsze, cultivated, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10507). Chili: near Chan- gli, October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 198); north and west of Peking, mountains, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 35611, 35612, 35613, nuts only); purchased in market, Peking, September 16, 1903, C. S. Sargent (nuts only); Ming Tombs, north of Peking, October 6, 1905, J. G. Jack; t near Great Wall, Peking-Kalgan Road, October 5, 1905, J. G. ack. ; The common Walnut is generally cultivated in Hupeh and Szech'uan; its nuts are valued for food, and the wood is used for making rifle-stocks. In Japan it is only sparingly cultivated. Wilson nowhere saw trees that could be de- clared spontaneous, and considers it highly improbable that Juglans regia is in- digenous to China. In addition to the specimens enumerated we have before us commercial samples of nuts from other parts of China, Mandshuria, and Gyantse in Thibet and others from central Asia, Persia and Europe. No two samples are exactly alike; they er greatly in size, shape, sculpturing, and thickness of shell. The nuts pur- : in the market at Peking by C. S. Sargent are nearly globose, 2-2.3 em. in diameter and have a virtually smooth, thick shell; they agree very well with C. De Candolle's description of his var. sinensis. In Wilson’s No. 1144, from western Szech'uan the nuts are 44.5 cm. in diameter and have a thin deeply pitted shell. Between these extremes there is every conceivable gradation and we find it utterly impossible to distinguish botanically any variety or form. The leaflets vary in number from 5 to 9 and are rounded, obtuse, acute or acuminate, but in their general appearance and character and in the characters of the shoot and fruit there can be no mistaking the common Walnut for any other species. ; oe , The characters on which Dode (1. c.) relies to distinguish many of his species Pis ed may be of interest to pomologists, but they have absolutely no specific of pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 146, 536, 539, 546 of the collectioh "e n’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 260, Juglans cathayensis Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1909, 47, fig.; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 298 (1911).— Wilson in Gard. Chron. ser 3, L, 189, fig. 88, t. (1911). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl., I. 664 (1914). Juglans mandshurica Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 493 (pro parte, non Maximowicz) (1899). — Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 274 (1900). 186 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Juglans Sieboldiana Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 274 (non Maximowicz) (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 249 (1910). Juglans Draconis Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1909, 49, fig.; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov., X. 298 (1911). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets and woods, alt. 600-2000 m., May and October 1907 (No. 371; bush or tree 2-12 m. tall); same locality, June 3, 1907 (No. 371°, bush 1-6 m. tall); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 2000 m., May 20, 1907 (No. 371^; tree 12 m. tall, girth 1 m.); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3834, 5233"). Western Szech’uan: Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000 m., June and Sep- tember 1908 (No. 371°; bush or tree 2-13 m. tall); Hungya Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m., September 14, 1908 (No. 3713; bush or tree 2-13 m. tall); Mupin, woodlands, alt. 1000-2000 m., June 1908 (No. 371°); west and near Wén-ch’uan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1600-2000 m., May 1908, October 1910 (Nos. 371‘, 3715; tree 16 m. tall, girth 2 m.); Mt. Omei, alt. 600-2000 m., June and October z 1903, Veitch Exped. (No. 4500). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. à, 1800-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10498, 10498»). Kiangsu: moun- tains near Nanking, June 6, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1453). This is the Chinese Butternut and it is abundant throughout Hupeh and Sze- ch’uan. Usually it is a bush, but in moist woods it forms a tree from 12-15 m. tall, with a trunk from 1-1.5 m. in girth. The bark is smooth and pale gray, becoming fissured with age. The leaves vary in length from 45-90 cm.; the male catkins are from 20-30 cm. long and the fruit is very glandular. We have not seen Juglans formosana Hayata (in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 283 [1911]), but from the description we suspect that it belongs here. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 344, 370 of the collection of Wil- son’s photographs and in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 258, 259. Here may be added notes on two genera not collected during the Arnold Ar- boretum expeditions. ENGELHARDTIA Leschen. Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, XV. 227 (1861); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 124 (1873). Engelhardtia Wallichiana Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 4942 (nomen nudum) (1830). — C. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 141 (1864). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 495 (1899).— Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 251 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Engelhardtia pterococca Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. III. 631 (pro parte) (1832). Engelhardtia Wallichiana, var. chrysolepis C. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt- 2, 142 (1864). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 495 (1899). Se Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, alt. 400 m., August 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4487). Yunnan: Szemao, fruits, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 13049). A very rare tree in western Szech'uan. — —— JUGLANDACEAE. — JUGLANS : 187 CARYA. Determined by C. S. SARGENT. Carya cathayensis Sargent, n. sp. Arbor 12-20-metralis, trunco 30-60 cm. diam.; cortex laevigatus, griseus; ramuli tenues, novelli squamis luteo-aurantiacis obtecti, demum puberuli et sparse lepidoti, annotini purpureo-grisei, versus apicem puberuli, lenticellis parvis in- structi. Folia 5~-7-foliolata, petiolo incluso 20-30 cm. longa; petioli et rhaches juniora puberula, sparse squamis obtecta; foliola breviter petiolulata, lanceolata v. obovato-lanceolata, interdum leviter falcata, acuminata, basi attenuata, cuneata v. rotundata, simpliciter serrata, margine ciliata, 10-14 cm. longa, 3.5-5 cm. lata, Juniora subtus dense squamis luteo-aurantiacis vestita, demum sparse lepidota, costa media pilosa excepta glabra, pallide luteo-aurantiaca. Flores ignoti. Fructus juvenilis obovoideus, basi constrictus, 4-costatus costis alatis, dense squamis luteo- aurantiacis obtectus; exocarpium maturum 2.5-3 mm. crassum, sparse lepidotum; nux ovoidea v. ovalis, subcylindrica, leviter compressa, basi rotundata, apice acuta, mucronulata, obscure 4-angulata, 2-2.5 cm. longa, 1.5-2 em. diam.; endocarpium 2.5-3 mm. crassum; cotyledones apice profunde lobatae. Chekiang: mountains round Changhua Hsien, 70 miles west of Hangchou, at an elevation of about 130-400 m. above the sea-level, July 8-12, 1915 (with old nuts picked up from the ground), (near Yi-tsun, No. 1521) F. N. Meyer. : Without buds it is impossible to be sure of the section of the genus to which species belongs, but in spite of the few leaffets, the comparatively thick husk of the fruit, the thick shell of the nut and the deeply lobed cotyledons, I believe that it belongs to the Apocarya C. De Candolle which is distinguished by the val- vate scales of the bud, and that it is most closely related to C. myristiciformis Nuttall. This species, unlike the other American species of this section, has usually 7 to 9 but occasionally 5 leaflets. Like C. cathayensis, it has obovoid con- spicuously winged young fruit covered with yellow scales, a thick-shelled elliptic nut and deeply lobed cotyledons. That is, in these two species are found characters which connect Eucarya and A pocarya, which without these intermediate forms might be considered distinct genera. _ Since the finding in China of a species of Liriodendron and of Sassafras, pre- viously believed to be monotypic genera of eastern North America, no addition to our knowledge of the distribution of the trees of the northern hemisphere is so "portant and interesting as Mr. Meyer’s discovery of a representative of the tapes Carya ned Asia, for it has always been supposed that this genus e sore sue : a M EOM where it is represented by several widely distri Meyer's attention was first drawn to this tree by finding the nuts offered for sale 9n à fruit-stand in the city of Hanchou. In writing of his discovery he says, . The upper surface of the leaves is of a soft green color, while the under surface 18 Tusty brown. When the wind blows a group of these Hickories presents a re- gag reddish brown blotch of color in the midst of the ordinary green vegeta- clan. The nuts are collected for sale; they are eaten as a sweetmeat, and a fine car Yellow oil is extracted from them and used in fancy pastry. The wood is and strong and is used for tool-handles. The trees are more or less pro- not (17/2 sinensis Dode (in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1912, 39, fig.) is certainly Mr pid and, judging by the figure of the fruit, is probably Aleurites triloba tries fon pe Candle-nut tree of southern China, often cultivated in tropical coun- or the oil contained in the cotyledons. 188 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA tected; that is, when firewood is needed they are generally spared. Ina few places mountaineers have even made small plantations near their houses of the Hickory and of a red-fruited Cornus. The Hickory trees thrive best at the foot of the moun- tains and in narrow moist valleys where they grow in deep rich humus. They love shelter and when exposed to much wind they become crippled. Apparently they cannot stand much frost. They grow with Liquidambar formosana, Castanea mollissima, Diospyros kaki, Pistacia chinensis, Albizzia species, Aleurites Fordii and Pinus Massoniana. The colloquial name for this tree is Shan-gho-to.” In China there are many endemic trees, but in eastern North America, now that Carya has been found in China, Sabal, Platanus (found also in Europe and western Asia), Robinia, Oxydendrum, Arbutus (found also in Europe and western Asia), Kalmia, Pinckneya, Taxodium and Chamaecyparis are the only genera of eastern American extratropical trees which are not also represented in eastern continental Asia. In China, however, Tazodium appears in the closely related Glyptostrobus which some botanists consider a T'azodium, and Chamaecyparis, although it has not yet been found in China, occurs in Japan and Formosa. MYRICACEAE. Determined by E. H. Witson. MYRICA L. Myrica rubra Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 230 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 106) (1846). — Bentham in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. VI. 115 (1854); Fl. Hongk. 322 (1861).— Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 454 (1875). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 496 (pro parte) (1899). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. F or. Jap. II. t. 6, fig. 12-23 (1908). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 251 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Léveillé, Fl. Kowy-Tchéou, 281 (1914). Morella rubra Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 548 (1790). Myrica Nagi C. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 151 (non Thunberg !) (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 129 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 293 (1867). — Hooker f. in Bot. Mag. XCIV. t. 5725 (1868). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 124 (1873). — Chevalier in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, XXXII. 198 (Monog. Myric. 114) (1901). Kiangsi: Kiukiang, foothills, alt. 300 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1652; bush 3 m. tall). Chekiang: “hills near Tangsi,” March 1906, P. N. Meyer (No. 228). Fokien: Dunn's Exped. April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. 3462). Korean Archipelago: Quelpaert, July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1541); same locality, April 1908, 1911, May 1908, July 1910, Taquet (Nos. 4703, 4704, 1402, 4821, 4426). ; Try is a rare plant in Kiangsi; it is not recorded from farther west. On the ^ nd of Yakushima off the extreme south of Japan it is an extremely common zviatile bush or small tree. In eastern China where it is much cultivated it is Own as the Yangmae. In Japan it is known as Yama-momo and under this ze it is figured in Banks, Icon. Select. Kaempf. t. 37 (1791). In southeastern P the genus is represented by Myrica esculenta Hamilton (apud D. Don, Todr. Fl. Nepal. 56 [1825]. — Chevalier in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, al. 1415, 204 [Monog. Myric. 120] [901-02]. Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains, Sza 000-2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9015, 9015*, 9015*, 90153; tree 3-5 m. tall); 4430, mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9015*). The villose shoots and Petioles, the thinner leaves with prominent veins and the much larger and Panicled male inflorescence readily distinguish this species from M. rubra. * The Myrica Nagi Thunberg (Fl. Jap. 76 [1784]) is Podocarpus nagi Makino. 189 FAGACEAE. Determined by ALFRED REmDER and E. H. WILson. FAGUS L. Fagus longipetiolata Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 56 (1897). Fagus sylvatica, var. longipes Oliver in Hooker’s Icon. XX. t. 1936, in textu (1890). — Franchet in Jour. de Bot. 201 (1899). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soe. XXVI. 525 (1899), pro parte, exclud. specim. Henryi Nos. 6793, 6797. Fagus sinensis Oliver in Hooker’s Icon. t. 1936 (in tabula tantum) (1890). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 284, fig. j-k (1900). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 95 (1916). Fagus longipes Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-tchéou, 126 (1914). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5334, 5334*, co-types, 7444); same locality, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., April, June and November 1907 (Nos. 493, 700*; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-1 m.); same locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 537); Chang- yang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2100 m., June 1907 (No. 700^; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.3 m.); same locality, June and October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 608). Eastern Szech’uan: Wushan Hsien, south of Yangtsze River, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., August and October (Nos. 700, 460; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 1.3-2 m.). Western Szech’uan: Mupin, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., October 1908 (No. 2791; tree 26 m. tall, girth 4 m.); same locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4499); west of Kuan Hsien ascent of Niu-tou-shan, alt. 1600 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 2791*; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.6 m.). Yunnan: Meng- tsze, mountains to southeast, alt. 2600 m., A. Henry (No. 9027; tree 16 m. tall). Although nowhere very abundant, this is the common Beech of central and western China. In southwestern Hupeh it occasionally forms pure woods of no great ex- tent, but more usually it grows in association with Oaks, Maples and other decidu- ous leaved trees. In western Szech'uan, Wilson noted the largest trees, but observes thatitisrare. Usually it is rather small, but at its best it is a stately tree which in habit and appearance resembles the Japanese F. Sieboldii Endlicher. The trunk is single or very rarely divided near the base and is covered with smooth, very pale gray bark. The leaves equal in size those of the American Beech (F. grandifolia 190 —— q MM — FAGACEAE. — FAGUS 191 Ehrhart), are slightly glaucous on the under side and are irregularly, often coarsely toothed, and the base is usually abruptly and broadly cuneate; the petioles and peduncles vary somewhat in length, but are relatively long. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 514 of the collection of Wilson's photographs. Fagus Engleriana Seemen apud Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 285, fig. a-d (1900). Fagus sylvatica, var. bracteolis involucri exterioribus anguste spatulatim dila- tatis Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XX. sub. t. 1936 (1890). Fagus silvatica, var. chinensis Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 201 (1899). Fagus silvatica Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-tchéou, 126 (non Linnaeus) (1914). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1500-2300 m., August 1907 (No. 704; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); same locality, A. Henry (No. 6797, co-type); Hsing-shan Hsien, forming pure woods, alt. 1600-2500 m., May 31, 1907 (No. 703; tree 10-23 m. tall, girth 0.3-2 m.); Chienshi Hsien, woods, April and May 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 256, 447). Eastern Szech'uan, Wushan Hsien, south of Yangtsze River, woods 1600-2000 m., May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 747); Nan-ch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 1525, co-type). This Beech is common on the higher mountains of northwestern Hupeh and east- ern Szech'uan, where it often forms pure woods. It is much more rare in southwest- ern Hupeh, and Wilson did not meet with it in western Szech’uan. It is a tree of moderate height and almost invariably the trunk divides at the very base into many stems which diverge somewhat from one another and never attain any great thickness. In the Japanese F. japonica Maximowicz the trunk divides in a similar manner, but into fewer stems, which grow to a greater size. In both species the ves are sinuous on the margins, dark green above and somewhat glaucous on the'under side, where the venation is prominently netted. The fruits are totally different, but these two species are undoubtedly closely related. Fagus lucida Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. _ Arbor 6-25-metralis, trunco 1-3 m. in circuitu, semper indiviso, cor- tice laevi obseure cinereo obtecto, ramis validis patentibus; ramuli arborum juniorum tenues, penduli, initio adpresse sericeo-pilosi, mox glabri. Folia breviter petiolata, ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, basi rotundata v. saepe subcordata, rarius late cuneata, margine leviter, Interdum obsolete sinuata, in sinubus dentibus brevibus v. brevissimis triangularibus instructo inter dentibus convexo, 5-10 em. longa et 2-4.5 em. lata, glabra pilis longis sericeis subtus ad costam et venas *Xceptis, utrinque lucida, supra intense viridia, subtus pallidiora et tenuiter retieulata, nervis utrinsecus circiter 10 rectis in dentes exeunti- bus subtus ut costa manifeste elevatis; petioli 3-12, plerique 5-8 mm. longi, adpresse sericeo-pilosi. Flores et fructus ignoti. 192 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600-2600 m., May 31, 1907 (No. 715, type); Fang Hsien, A. Henry (No. 6793). It is unfortunate that our material of this interesting tree is so incomplete, yet it is so distinct from all known species that we do not hesitate to give it a name. The leaves are shining green on both surfaces, even when quite young, and the den- tation is remarkable. The margin is sinuate (sometimes obscurely so) and is convex between the secondary veins, which are usually projected from the base of the sinus and form short triangular teeth of irregular size often reduced to a small and thickened mucro. Wilson paid considerable attention to the Chinese Beeches and states that this new species is easily distinguished in the woods by its thick and always single trunk and by its bark, which is a much duller gray than that of the other two species. The branches are thick and spread to form a bro flattened or rounded crown. In northwestern Hupeh and in northeastern Szech’- uan this new species is fairly common in mixed forests and with F. Engleriana Seemen often forms pure woods. Henry’s No. 6793 is by Skan (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 527 [1899]) doubtfully referred to Oliver’s F. sylvatica, var., which is the same as F. Engleriana Seemen. ; Plants of this and the other two Chinese species brought home by Wilson in 1911 are growing in the Arnold Arboretum. > A picture of this new Beech will be found under No. 0132 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs. CASTANEA Mill. Castanea mollissima Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 286 (1850). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 288 (1900). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. II. 682 (1914). — Nakai in Toyko Bot. Mag. XXIX. 54 (1915). Castanea vesca Bunge in Mém. Sav. Êtr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, Il. 137 (Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 62) (non Gaertner) (1833). s: Castanea Bungeana Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 284 (1850). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 54 (1915). Castanea vulgaris Hance in Jour. Bot. X. 69 (non Lamarck) (1872). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 363 (Fl. Tché-foà, 130) (1876), quoad plantam Chinensem; l. e. XXXIII. 64 (Fl. Tien-tsin, 41) (1879), quoad plan- tam Chinensem. à Castanea vulgaris, var. y is Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 196 (1899). Castanea sativa Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 525 (pro parte, non Miller) (1899). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-tchéou, 125 (1914). Castanea sativa, a typica Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 287 (1900). Castanea Duclouzii Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1908, 150; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 239 (1911). — Schneider, 7U. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 899 (1912). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 99 (1916). i Castanea hupehensis Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1908, 151, fig. (1908); in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 240 (1911). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laub- holzk. 11. 899, fig. 563 c-d (1912). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. xxx. 99 (1916). : 1 FAGACEAE. — CASTANEA 193 Castanea crenata Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel., IV. 854 (pro parte, non Siebold & Zuccarini) (1909). Castanea sativa, var. mollissima Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 250 (1910). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, May, June and October 1907 (Nos. 550, 507°; bush or tree 0.6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2.3 m.); same locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 812); same locality, A. Henry (No. 1570); Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300— 1600 m., May and October 1907 (No. 549; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-2000 m., June, July and October 1907 (Nos. 344*, 3663, 548; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); Hsing- shan Hsien, woods, alt. 600-2500 m., June, July, October 1907 (Nos. 344, 3615, 3662, 3661, 3668; tree 6-20 m. tall, girth 0.6-2.5 m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., August and October 1907 (No. 547; tree 6-13 m. tall). Western Szech’uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 1300 m., October 1908 (No. 1141°, tree 6-12 m. tall); Chienshi Hsien, Fei-yiieh-ling, woods, alt. 2600-3000 m., October 1910 (No. 4581; tree 6-10 m. tall); Wa-shan woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., October 1908 (No. 1141; tree 6-10 m. tall); Nan-ch’uan, A. von Rost- horn (No. 1513). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains south, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10701; tree 5 m. tall, cultivated?). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor; near Hanchou, June 26, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1465; tree 10-26 m. tall); Mokan-shan, alt. 550 m., July 21, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1589; shrub 0.6-1.3 m.). Kiangsu: Shanghai, 1915, D. M acgregor (No. 44). Kianghuai: Nanking, June 1, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1409; tree 13 m. tall). Chili: Peking, 1903, C. S. Sargent (seeds only); “ near San-tun-ying," May 30, 1913, F. N. Meyer; « Ying-tan-ho," eultivated, September 12, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1288). Shantung: Tsing-tau, 1901, R. Zimmermann (No. 352). Shensi: “ Ya-tze-ko, southwest of Sian Fu,” cultivated, September 2, 1914, F. N. Meyer (No. 1400). Fokien: Dunn’s » April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb., No. 3501). "Yum. M m, Mungpoo, cultivated, May 1895, J. A. Gammie (as This is the common Chestnut of China and is distributed from the neighborhood aA d in the northeast to the extreme limits of Szech'uan and Yunnan in the in t anc Southwest. Near Peking it is cultivated and we do not know if it is wild region; the specimens collected in Sikkim by Gammie are also from culti- and i - In western Hupeh and in Szech’uan it is an exceedingly common tree ; 5 unquestionably indigenous. Near villages and towns where the woody vege- or a lon Continually cut down to furnish fuel this Chestnut is met with as a bush °w serub, but in the thinly populated areas it is a tree from 15 to 20 m. tall, 194 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA with a trunk from 1.5 to 2 m. in girth and is an important constituent of the woods and forests. It is readily distinguished from the other old world species of the section Eucastanon by the complete absence of lepidote glands on the under surface of the leaves, which on the same tree are glabrous or nearly so or are densely cov- ered with a nearly white felt of stellate hairs. In its typical form the branchlet is sparsely or densely pilose, and this is especially the case on vigorous shoots and on young trees, but with a little searching such hairs can be found on every tree. As à rule, however, on adult trees the branchlets are densely or sparsely clothed with a short, gray velutinous pubescence only. The winter-buds are short and broadly ovoid and pubescent. The leaves are very variable in size, the dentation is very irregular, and the teeth are broad and triangular and terminate in a long aristate point or they are reduced to a short mucro. The male aments are variable in length, but are usually shorter than the leaves; the fruit is also variable in size and there are forms in which the nut is as large as that of the best forms of the European Chestnut (C. sativa Miller). The involucral spines at maturity are pale straw color and are densely clothed with appressed villose pubescence. This Chinese Chestnut has been confused with C. sativa Miller, which grows in the Mediterranean region and eastward to the Caucasus and in northern Persia, and is distinguished by the presence in fewer or greater numbers of minute lepidote glands scattered over the under surface of the leaves and occasionally confined to the primary and secondary veins and tissues nearby; the shoot too is different, being nearly glabrous, and clothed only with a scurvy puberulous indumentum; the male aments are often longer than the leaves, though this character has little or no significance. Castanea mollissima was first introduced to cultivation at this Arboretum by Professor Sargent, who in 1903 sent seeds which he purchased in a market at Peking. The plants raised from these seeds have proved hardy here and have grown well. They are now quite established and have produced fruit. They have shown no signs of the dreaded chestnut-bark disease. But in China this species is subject to this disease, for in a note on his No. 1409 from Nanking, Meyer says, “ the tree was attacked by the bark disease Diaportha parasitica Murrill.” In regard to C. Bungeana Blume there can be no question that it is identical with his C. mollissima. Seemen first took up this latter name, and as priority of position has no standing under the international rules, C. Bungeana Blume be- comes a synonym. Hayata’s C. sativa, var. formosana (in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. 304 [1911]), of which we have seen no specimen, in all probability is referable to C. mollissima Blume. > The m name for this Chestnut is Pan-li, and the nuts are a valued article o : Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 506, 540 of the collection of Wil- son's photographs, and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 146, 147. Castanea Seguinii Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1908, 152, fig.; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 240 (1911). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 899 (1912). — Wilson, Naturalist West. China, Il. 32 (1913). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 100 (1916). Castanea vulgaris, var. Japonica Hance in Jour. Bot. XII. 262 (non A. De Can- dolle) (1874). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 87 (Pl. David. 1. 277) (1884). Castanea sativa, var. japonica Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 287 (1900). Castanea Davidii Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1908, 153, fig.; in Fedde, FAGACEAE. — CASTANEA 195 Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 241 (1911).—Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 899, fig. e-f (1912). Castanea crenata Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel., IV. 854 (pro parte, non Siebold & Zuccarini) (1909). Castanea sativa, var. Bungeana Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 250 (1910). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300-1500 m., July 29, 1907 (Nos. 1529, 1542; bush or small tree, 1-5 m. tall). Western Hupeh: Ichang, hillsides, 30-1100 m., May, October 1907 (Nos. 507, 374; bush 0.6-2.5 m.); Changyang Hsien, hillsides and woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., July, August and September (Nos. 374°, 3667); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., July 1907 (No. 3665; tree 5-10 m. tall, girth 0.6- 1.5 m.). Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1200 m., June and October 1907 (No. 3618; tree 6-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods and thickets, alt. 1300-2000 m., June and July 1907 (Nos. 3660, 3666, 3659; bush or small tree, 1.5-13 m. tall); Fang Hsien, woods and thickets, alt. 1000-1600 m., June 8, 1907 (No. 3664; bush or small tree, 2-8 m. tall); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2867, 5800*, 6046). Shensi: “mountains near Tze-wu Hsien, south of Sian Fu," Sep- tember 1, 1914, F. N. Meyer. Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor; near Hanchou, June 1907, June 26, 29, 1915, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 441, 1479, 1486). This Chestnut is very abundant on the hills and mountainsides throughout the Yangtsze Valley from the neighborhood of Ningpo in the east to eastern Szech'uan In the west. It also grows in the provinces of Shensi and Kweichou, but Wilson does not remember meeting with it in western Szech'uan. Usually it is a bush or a low bushy tree, but under very favorable conditions it forms a shapely tree from 12 to 15 m. tall, with spreading branches and a trunk from 1 to 1.5 m. in girth. The species is well distinguished by the under side of the leaves, which is more or less densely lepidote and glabrous or nearly so, except on the primary and second- ary veins, which are villose. The branchlets in their first year are usually more or less densely clothed with a short velvety pubescence, but occasionally they are nearly glabrous, The winter-buds are small, conical to subglobose and pubescent. The leaves vary much in size, shape and dentation; the upper surface is deep green and the under side pale green and often more or less glaucescent, more especially when young. The ripe fruit is variable in size and contains from three to six small nuts, which have a peculiarly sweet and pleasant flavor. In the ripe in- ig the spines are pale straw color, often tinged with purple and are sparsely It has been known for a long time that two distinct species of Chestnut grew in - , Abel (Narr. Journ. China, 165 [1818]) was the first European to write of ^ shrubby Chestnut with small fruits, and he observed it near the city of Tatung on the lower Yangtsze River, Fortune (Residence among Chinese, 51 and 144 [1857]) of two kinds of Chestnuts which grownear Ningpoand mentions that he sent Seeds of both to India. Later (in Gard. Chron. 1860, 170) Fortune tells of having 196 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA introduced both Chestnuts to England, but apparently they have been lost to cultivation there. Hance and others have confounded this Chestnut with C. crenata Siebold & Zuccarini, which is confined to Japan and Korea and has the under side of the leaves lepidote and densely felted with short stellate hairs; only occasionally is it subglabrous, usually on leaves growing in the shade. The branchlet is sparsely velutinous or glabrous. When allowed to grow unchecked the Japanese Chestnut makes a large tree from 20 to 25 m. tall and has thick widespreading branches and a trunk from 3 to 5 m. in girth. In western Hupeh the vernacular name for C. Seguinii is Mao Pan-li and the fruits are collected and eaten by the peasantry. Castanea Henryi Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Castanopsis Henryi Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 523 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 287 (1900). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 101 (1916). : Castanea sativa Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 525 (pro parte, non Miller) (1899). Castanea sativa, Y var. acuminatissima Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 287 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 250 (1910). Castanea Vilmoriniana Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1908, 156, fig.; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 242 (1911). — Schneider, Jl. Handb. Laub- holzk. 11. 899, fig. 563^ (1912). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 682 (1914). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 100 (1916). Castanea Fargesii Dode in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1908, 158, fig.; in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 242 (1911). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. IL. 899, fig. 563 i-k (1912). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 99 (1916). Castanea crenata Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel., IV. 854 (pro parte, non Siebold and Zuccarini) (1909). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1521; tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.). Western Hupeh: north and south of Iehang, woods, alt. 600-1800 m., June and October, 1907 (No. 551; tree 8-26 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 759); Changyang Hsien, woods, October 1907 (No. 3617; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); same locality, October 1900 (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 777); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 1907 (No. 551°; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., June 2, October, November 1907, June 11, 1910 (Nos. 551^, 352, 552, 4582; tree 5-26 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., July and November 1907 (No. 551°, 3616; tree 6-13 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Patung Hsien, A. Henry (No. 2878, co-type of Castanopsis Henryi Skan); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5793, 5793*, 5800, co-type of Castanea sativa var. acumina- tissima Seemen); ** Ma-pan-scian," alt. 1000 m., May 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 331). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch cea FAGACEAE. — CASTANOPSIS 197 Exped. No. 5186; tree 8 m. tall. Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. This very distinct species is distributed from the neighborhood of Ningpo through the valley of the Yangtsze River as far west as Mt. Omei. On the mountains of western Hupeh and of eastern Szech’uan it is common in woods. This Chestnut grows to a larger size than any other Chinese species and trees from 20 to 25 m. tall with trunks from 1 to 3 m. are common. Occasionally trees 30 m. tall and 5 m. in girth of trunk are met with. The leaves are green on both surfaces and entirely glabrous except for a few appressed hairs on the under side of the primary and Secondary veins. The leaves are without lepidote glands except on the upper sur- face of the very young leaves, from which they disappear very early. Although variable in size the leaves are very characteristic; they are always caudate-acumi- nate and broadest below or at the middle, and the secondary veins are projected in long aristate points. The shoots are dark-colored and quite glabrous and the winter- buds are brownish, short, broadly ovoid, obtuse or subacute and are glabrous or nearly so. The styles vary in number from 6 to 9, and the fruit may be solitary or two or three on a short spike. The spines of the ripe involucre are sparsely villose. All the fruits we have seen contain a solitary nut, but it is probable that occasionally two occur, as they do in the American C. pumila Miller. Dode’s C. Fargesti, as is figure shows, is apparently founded on such an abnormal fruit, for the descrip- tion of the leaves, shoots and buds can apply to no other Chinese species. — How distinct this species is is well shown by the fact that Skan describes it as a Castanopsis. Certainly it suggests this genus more than that of Castanea, but the leaves are deciduous. The specimens with male flowers Skan referred to C. sativa Mill, A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0126 of the collection of Wilson’s Photographs. In Hupeh this Chestnut is known as the Ch’in Pan-li. The Asiatie species of Castanea have been little understood. Some botanists have referred all to the European C. sativa Miller and others have divided them into numerous species and varieties. With the great mass of material before us it is Mrd that there are four well-marked species in eastern Asia and these may be Y distinguished by their leaves, not to mention other characters, as follows: Castanea Henryi Rehder & Wilson: Leaves not lepidote except on the upper tertane when very young and quite glabrous save for a few appressed hairs on the Primary and secondary veins on the under side before the leaves unfold. Adan tu mollissima Blume: Leaves not lepidote, normally densely clothed on under side with a pale felt of stellate hairs, only occasionally quite glabrous. Castanea Seguinii Dode: Leaves densely lepidote on the under side, otherwise een mally quite glabrous except the primary and secondary veins on the under side, n are villose, very rarely obscurely pubescent. : astanea crenata Siebold & Zuccearini: Leaves lepidote on the under side, usually more or less clothed with a short felt of stellate hairs, occasionally quite glabrous. epg last species is confined to Japan and to Korea and the other three to China, ere they are Widely distributed in the temperate parts of the Empire. CASTANOPSIS Spach. M Sago hystrix A. De Candolle in Jour. Bot. I. 182 (1863); rodr. XVI. pt. 2, 111 (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 198 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 119 (1863-64). — Hooker f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 620 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 95, t. 84 (1889). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 524 (1899). — Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXXVIII. 367 (1908). Castanea hystrix Hooker f. & Thomson mss. ex A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 111 (pro synon.) (1864). Quercus rufescens Hooker f. & Thomson ex Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 620 (pro synon.) (1888). Western Szech'uan: Kiating Fu, Pagoda Hill, alt. 300-500 m., May 1908 (No. 3623; tree 10 m. tall, trunk 1.3 m. girth; Mt. Omei, woods, alt. 1000—1600 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4502, 5187; tree 13 m. tall. Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11313); Szemao, woods, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11738, 11738, 11738"). Fokien: without locality, Dunn's Exped. April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 3498). This species is fairly common at low altitudes on Mt. Omei and in the surround- ing country. It is a low tree of no great size, but with widespreading branches. Like all species of Castanopsis it is evergreen, and the contrast between the rufous brown unfolding young leaves and the shining green of the upper surface of adult leaves is striking. ` Castanopsis Fargesii Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 195 (1899). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 523 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. J ahrb. XXIX. 287 (1900). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1300 m., November 1907 (No. 686; tree 11-16 m. tall, trunk 1-2 m. girth); Changyang Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1300 m., May 1907 (No. 3641; tree 15-20 m. tall, trunk 2-3 m. girth); without locality, A. Henry (No. 5551) in Herb. Gray ex Herb. Kew as “ Quercus glauca, var. ?"). Western Szech'uan: Hungya Hsien near Wa-wu-shan, woods, alt. 1000 m., September 8, 1908 (No. 3620; tree 15-33 m. tall, trunk 1-4 m. girth). Yunnan: south of the Red River from Manmei, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 92028; tree 6 m. tall). This tree is common at low altitudes in western Hupeh and in eastern Szech'uan, and is the only species from that region which has spinescent fruit. It is also fairly common in western Szech'uan, where it grows in company with other specie. It is à handsome evergreen tree from 15 to 33 m. tall, with a trunk from 1 to 4m. in girth and widespreading branches. The leaves vary in degree of dentation and the under side of the leaf is pale grayish or rusty brown. The male aments which have not been described are solitary in the axils of minute, caducous scales or 00- casionally in the axils of young foliage leaves. Often the weak lateral floriferous branchlets are very short and quite leafless and give the impression of a panicled in- FAGACEAE. — CASTANOPSIS 199 florescence. The perianth segments are from 1 to 1.5 mm. long, broadly ovate- rotundate to orbicular, ciliolate and nearly or quite glabrous without; the stamens are about 6 mm. long and at their base there is a conspicuous tuft of white villose hairs. The male flowers are white and the aments are produced in great quantities and when it is in flower the tree is quite conspicuous. This species is closely related to C. tribuloides A. De Candolle and especially to the var. longispina King, which may be distinguished by its pubescent branchlets "ws aig leaves. In western Hupeh C. Fargesii is colloquially known as the Tsze- -tzu-shu. A picture will be found under No. 317 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 148. Castanopsis ceratacantha Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. Arbor 6-25-metralis, trunco in circuitu 1-2.5 m. metiente; ramuli densetomento fulvo villoso obtecti, annosecundo v. tertio glabrescentes; gemmae ovoideae, compressae, obtusae v. acutiusculae, adpresse pubescentes, perulis biserialibus scariosis. Folia persistentia, cori- acea, elliptico-oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, rarius oblanceolato-ob- longa, subito v.rarius sensim acuminata, basi late cuneata v. rotundata, Integra v. apicem versus dentibus paucis parvis instructa, 8-14 cm. longa et 3-6 em. lata, matura supra lucida, glabra, subtus dense to- mento fulvo villoso anno secundo saepe evanescente obtecta, costa media Supra impressa subtus elevata, nervis utrinsecus 14-17 angulo circiter 45? divergentibus leviter curvatis supra obsoletis subtus mani- feste elevatis trabeculis numerosis parallelis leviter elevatis conjunc- tis; petioli dense villosi, 0.5-1 em. longi. "Flores ignoti. Fructus biennes, sessiles, spicati, in rhachi axillari valida pubescente 15-22 cm. longa congesti; involuera matura subglobosa v. depresso-globosa et interdum leviter lobata, 1.5-2.5 em. diam., undique spinis validis 0.6-1.2 cm. longis cirea medium in ramos plures patentes pungentes divisis obtecta, extus spinis inclusis dense breviter fulvo-villosa, intus pilosa, maturitate fere ad basin irregulariter dehiscentia; glandes pleraeque 2, rarius 3 v. 1, late conico-ovoideae, mucronatae, 1-1.4 cm. altae et fere ac crassae, pallide brunneae, tomentulae. Western Szech’uan: Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1000-1500 m., October 1908 (No. 1142, type); Hungya Hsien, near Wa-wu-shan, alt. 900-1400 m., September 8, 1908 (No. 3619); on Wa-wu-shan, alt. 1000-2000 m., September 12, 1908 (No. 3621); Pingling-shih, alt. 1000 m., September 8, 1908 (No. 3621"). Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12831). This is a very distinct and remarkable species characterized by the dense and £ yellow-brown villous tomentum on the shoots, on the under side of the leaves and on the ripe fruits, by the long and massive fruiting spikes and by the ^ - : 5 ; ECCL We E ue HI. onto 200 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA numerous long antler-like spines covering the ripe involucre. It is perhaps most closely related to Castanopsis tribuloides, var. longispina King, which is a very much more glabrous plant, with leaves inclined to be broadest below the middle and with fewer, less prominent secondary nerves; the spines on the involucre are straighter and branch from near the base, and the ripe gland is glabrous. The whole appearance of specimens of the two plants is very different. The typical C. tribuloides De Candolle and its other varieties are much farther removed from this new species. Henry's specimen differs in the leaves which are from 15 to 18 cm. long, cuneate at the base and slightly more prominently toothed, with petioles from 0.8 to 1.5 cm. long, but we have no hesitation in referring it to our new species. C. ceratacantha is a handsome evergreen tree and is fairly common in woods at low altitude in the little known region between Mt. Omei, Mt. Wa and Mt. Wa-wu in western Szech’uan. z Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 314, 322 of the collection of Wil- son’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 150. Castanopsis platyacantha Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. ; Arbor 6-25-metralis, trunco 1-3 m. in circuitu metiente, cortice cinereo in lamellas tenues irregulares fisso; rami validi patentes; ramuli glabri, atropurpurei; gemmae ovato-oblongae, rarius ovatae, compressae, acutiusculi, 0.5-1.3 em. longae perulis biserialibus scari- osis late ovatis v. ovatis, pallide olivaceis nitidulis glabris ciliolatis. Folia persistentia, coriacea, elliptico-lanceolata v. elliptico-oblonga, rarius elliptica, subito acuminata, basi obliqua, late cuneata v. fere rotundata, supra medium remote paucidentata, rarius integra V. fere integra, 8-16 cm. longa et 2.5-6, rarius ad 7 cm. lata, supra intense viridia, glabra, nitida, subtus tomento crustaceo fulvescente demum albo-cinereo costa media glabra excepta dense obtecta, costa media supra leviter elevata v. plana, subtus elevata, nervis utrinsecus 8-10 supra obsoletis subtus leviter elevatis plerumque ante marginem anasto- mosantibus; petioli erassiuseuli, 8-10 mm. longi, glabri. Amenta mascula in axillis foliorum v. bractearum ad basin innovationum soli- taria rhachis glabra stricta, angulata, 7-16 em. longa; flores fasciculati; perianthii lobi anguste ovata v. obovata, concava, 1.5-2 mm. longi extus glabri, intus villosi; stamina exserta, 4.5-5 mm. longa, filamentis glabris filiformibus, antheris globosis; ovarii rudimentum dense vil- losum. Spicae fructiferae axillares in parte superiore ramulorum, 5-6 em. longae; fructus biennes, sessiles, subglobosi v. late ovoidei; involu- era dense echinata, spinis fasciculatis 3-5 mm. longis in seriebus con- centricis dispositis triangularibus compressis rarius fere subulatis apice pungente glabro, ceterum ut involuerum cinereo-tomentosis; glandes 1-3, plerumque 1, late conico-ovoideae apiculata, 1.2-1.5 em. altae, 1.2-1.8 em. diam., pallide brunneae, puberulae, maculo basali latis- simo, interdum fere dimidiam glandem obtegente. — — — go —ÀÀÀ FAGACEAE. — CASTANOPSIS 201 Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woods, alt. 1000-1300 m., October 1908 (No. 1096, type; fruits); Wa-shan, woods, alt. 1300-2400 m., June and October 1908 (Nos. 3622, co-type c&', 10969); Hungya Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, woods, alt. 1000-2000 m., September 12, 1908 (No. 1096"); Mt. Omei, alt. 2000-2300 m., October 1903, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4508, 5188). Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 2300 m., A. Henry (No. 10610). _ This is a very distinct species, well characterized by its winter-buds, its leaves, its solitary, axillary male aments, its short fruiting spike, its zonate-ridged strongly echinate fruit and by its pubescent, pyramidate nut, with an unusually broad basal scar. It may be contrasted with C. orthacantha Franchet, which we have not seen, but which, according to the description, has a somewhat similar fruit, but has differ- ently shaped and thicker leaves, glabrous and glaucescent on both surfaces, and fasciculate male aments. This new species is common in woods on the lower slopes of Mt. Omei and the Tegions to the immediate west and south, and is a handsome, umbrageous tree. A picture will be found under No. 323 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 149. Castanopsis caudata Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 3, VII. 87 (Pl. David. I. 271) (1884); in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 196 (1883).— Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 522 (1899).—Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 287 (1900). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1522; bush 4 m., densely branched). _ Our specimen is from the type locality and agrees well with Franchet’s descrip- tion, except that the leaves can scarcely be said to be glaucescent. This plant is not very common on the Lushan mountains and is usually a large, much branched ush or small tree. The leaves are coriaceous and shining and all parts of the plant are glabrous. OSs sclerophylla Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 638 Quercus chinensis Abel, Narr. Journ. China, 165, t. 363 (1818). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XX. 81 (1884). — Franchet in Nuov. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 85 (Pl. David. I. 275) (1884). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 509 (1899). cus sclerophylla Lindley in Lindley & Paxton, Flower Gard. I. 59, fig. 37 (1850-51). — Walpers, Ann. Bot. III. 384 (1852-53). — Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. 1. 632 (1874). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XII. 242 (1874); XIII. 366 (1875); XX. 294 (1882). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). —Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 520 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. = ues — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. - Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Quercus cuspidata, xu si a z “a Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 103 â (1864). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. 366 (1875). astanopsis chinensis Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 687 (1912). Synaedrys sclerophylla Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 187 (1916). 202 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1500 m., May 8 and October 1907 (No. 542; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1200 m., May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 236); north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 600-1300 m., May 1907 (No. 3642; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality, October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 575, fruiting specimens only); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3218, 3218*); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 7596, 3870, 7707). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor; “Tangsi,” March 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 227). Fokien: without locality, Dunn's Exped. April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. No. 3491). Hongkong: cultivated November 1862 (Herb. Hance, No. 367; in Herb. Gray). This is a common evergreen tree in the woods of western Hupeh from river-level to 1500 m. altitude, and this region apparently is the western limit of the species. It is a handsome tree with a nearly smooth dark gray bark and a very densely branched flattened round crown. The leaves are usually toothed above the middle only as depicted in Abel’s figure, but in the specimen from Fokien some of the leaves are toothed nearly to the base, as shown in Lindley’s figure of his Q. sclerophylla. The fructification is annual and the cupule almost completely encloses the small conical nut and splits at maturity to liberate it. In Hupeh this tree is known as the Chu-li and the fruit is gathered and crushed and converted into a paste known as tou-fu. In appearance this paste resembles bean-curd and it is an article of food among the peasants. In flavor the nut is like that of the Chinquapin (Castanea pumila Miller). 2r This Castanopsis is distinct from all others. Abel's figure is very good and it is strange that its identity with Lindley's plant should have been so completely over- looked. By A. De Candolle and others it has been considered closely related to C. cuspidata Schottky (Quercus cuspidata Thunberg), but the relationship is remote. In Thunberg's plant the leaves are smaller, with indistinct venation, the male flowers are in a shorter and differently arranged inflorescence, the fruit is bie densely clustered, the cup is ovoid and acute and the nut is also ovoid. The specimens from Chinkiang and Kiukiang collected by C. Maries and referred by Skan (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 510 [1899]) to Q. cuspidata probably belong to . sclerophylla. z We are not sure that C. sclerophylla grows wild in Hongkong, as asserted by Dunn and Tutcher, for such specimens as we have received from them named Q. sclerophylla belong to C. cuspidata Schottky. The oldest specific name cannot be used for this species as there exists already à C. chinensis described by Hance in 1868. Here may be added notes on some Chinese species of Castanopsis not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions. P. Castanopsis indica A. De Candolle in Jour. Bot. I. 182 (1863); Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 109 (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 119 (1863-64). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 490 (1874); Ind. Trees, 634, fig. 196 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 620 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 94, t. 83 (1889). Quercus dubia Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 2786 (nomen nudum) (1828). Quercus serrata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 641 (non Thunberg) (1832). FAGACEAE. — CASTANOPSIS 203 Castanea indica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 643 (1832). — Wight, Icon. II. t. 417 (1843). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 284 (1850). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 478 (1877). appa near Menglieh, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 12834; tree 10 m. » Castanopsis tribuloides A. De Candolle, var. ferox King apud Hooker f., FI. rit. Ind. V. 623 (1888); in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 102, t. 95, fig. 1-2 (1889). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 635 (1906). Quercus feroz Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. (639) (1832). — Wight, Icon. Fl. Ind. Orient. Y. &. 218 (1840). Castanopsis feroz Spach, Hist. Vég. XI. 185 (1842). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 119 (pro parte, exclud synon.) (1863-64). Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 12831*). The specimen bears female aments and tke young shoots are densely velutinous, but year-old branchlets are quite glabrous. a Castanopsis tribuloides, var. echidnocarpa King apud Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 623 (1888); in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 103, t. 96, fig. 1-3 (1889). — Bran- dis, Ind. Trees, 635 (1906). Quercus ? caudata Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 2787 (nomen nudum) (1828). Castanopsis echidnocarpa A. De Candolle in Jour. Bot. I. 182 (1863); Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 112 (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 119 (1863-64). Castanea echidnocarpa Hooker f. & Thomson mss. ex A. De Candolle Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 112 (pro synon.) (1864). Yunnan: valley of Red River, near Manpan, alt. 1150 m., A. Henry (No. 7); Szemao, woods, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11565, 11565, ^, 115654, 12328»). COUTE Y EAE ——— et Castanopsis concolor Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. ee Arbor circiter 10-metralis (ex Henry); ramuli glabri, dense minute lenticellati : gemmae ovoideae, compressae, obtusae, perulis biserialibus puberulis. Folia cori- acea, ovato-elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi late cuneata saepe ob- liqua, vix rotundata, supra medium dentibus paucis remotis parvis mucronulatis instructa, raro integra, 5-11.5 cm. longa et 2-4.5 em. lata, utrinque glaberrima et fere concoloria, supra nitida, costa utrinque leviter elevata, nervis utrinsecus 8-9 leviter curvatis et ante marginem dissolutis supra obsolete prominulis subtus distinctius sed leviter tantum elevatis, subtus venulis leviter reticulatis; petioli 8-15 mm. longi, glabri. Flores non visi. Spica fructifera circiter 6 cm. longa, rhachi valida glabra; fructus biennes subglobosi irregulariter et obsolete 2-3-lobati, 2.5- 3 em. alti et crassi; involucrum crassum, dehiscens, extus tomentosulum, echinatum vri crassis conicis 2-4 mm. longis fasciculatis vid seriebus concentricis irregula- T curvatis dispositis; glans 1 (semper ?), puberula. ; Yunnan: Yuan-chiang, e 2300 ue os Henry (No. 13342, type); Milé, A. Henry (No. 10369). m The fruit of this new species is similar to that of C. armata Spach, which is Probably the species nearest to it, but in that species the branchlets are pubescent, the leaves thinly coriaceous and entire, with prominent veins below. Castanopsis fissa Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. : fissa Champion apud Bentham in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Me. VI. 114 (1854). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 320 (1861). — Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 415, t. 92 (1857). — Hance in Jour. Bot. I. 175 (1863); XIII. 37 (1875). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 104 (1864). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 238 (1886). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 512 204 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA (1899). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 252 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Castanea regia Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, XVIII. 231 (1862). Pasania fissa Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 76 (1866). Synaedrys fissa Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 187 (1916). Hongkong: Happy Valley woods, November 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; same locality, April 19, 1895, C. Ford; without precise locality, C. Wright (No. 467; in Herb. Gray). Fokien: Dunn’s Exped., April to June 1905, Hongk. Herb., No. 3500). Castanopsis calathiformis Rehder & Wilson n. comb. f Quercus calathiformis Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 508 (1899). Synaedrys calathiformis Koidzumi in Toyko Bot. Mag. XXX. 188 (1916). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains, southwest, alt. 1500m., A. Henry (Nos. oor 9070, co-types, 13682); Szemao, mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11696", 116965, 11696°; shrub 2-3 m. high, flowers with disagreeable odor). s species is very near C. fissa Rehder & Wilson, and resembles it in the leaves and in the flowers so closely that flowering specimens of the two species are almost indistinguishable. The fruits, however, are very different; in C. fissa the cupule is ovoid and encloses nearly the entire nut, leaving only a very small opening at the apex, while in this species the cupule is cup-shaped and covers only one-half or two-thirds of the nut and its scales are much more distinct. C. calathiformis forms thus a transition to Pasania as regards the shape of the cupule, but in all other characters it shows a closer relation to Castanopsis. Castanopsis cuspidata Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 625 (1912). Quercus cuspidata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 176 (1784), Icon. Pl. Jap. dec. V. t. 7 (1805). — Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. I. 8, t. 2 (1835). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. Y. 288 (1850). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 117 (1863- 64); III. 194 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 358 (1867). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 449 (1875). — Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. XII. 232, fig. 38 (1879). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 237 (1886). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XXV. 13 (1887). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVL. 510 (1899). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 252 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Quercus cuspidata, B var. pusilla Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 288 (1850). Pasania cuspidata Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 76 (1866). — Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. 1, 55, fig. 38 (1894). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. t. 34, fig. 1-13 (1900). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 392 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906).— Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 207 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Mat- sumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. ll. pt. 2, 24 (1912). mecs cuspidata, a Thunbergii Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 141 (1909). Pasania cuspidata, B Sieboldii Makino, 1. c. (1909). Pasania cuspidata, B Sieboldii, forma pusilla Makino, 1. c. 142 (1909). Pasania Sieboldii Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 232 (1910). Pasania Sieboldii, var. pusilla Makino, 1. e. 233 (1910). Lithocarpus cuspidata Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 55 (1915). Lithocarpus Sieboldii Nakai, l. c. (1915). : Synaedrys cuspidata Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 186 (1916). Synaedrys Sieboldii Koidzumi, l. c. 187 (1816). Hongkong: ravine south of Wongneicheong Gap, March 4, 1912, W. J. Tutcher Ps FAGACEAE. — LITHOCARPUS 205 (ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Hongkong, No. 10202, as Quercus sclerophylla). Formosa: South Cape, A. Henry (No. 1313). Korea: Quelpaert, woods, October 1906 and June 1907, U. Faurie (Nos. 184, 1524); same locality, October 1907, May and August 1908, May and October 1909, Taquet (Nos. 329, 1428, 1429, 1438, 2554, 2556, 2557, 2560, 2562, 2563). This is apparently a rare tree in China, where it was not met with by Wilson. In Japan it is exceedingly common from Tokyo southward, especially near the sea, and is also commonly cultivated. It grows from 10 to 25 m. tall and has massive widespreading branches. The leaves are variable in size and shape and the under side varies from brownish to nearly white. We have before us a co-type of Blume’s var. pusilla, consisting of a slender branchlet with small leaves, and a similar specimen can be found among other material before us. The characters on which Makino establishes his P. Sieboldii are both trivial and inconstant and, moreover, as Thunberg’s figure proves, his statement that Q. cuspidata Thunberg has a globular nut is erroneous. When young the fruit is round and flattened, but at maturity it is always oblong-ovoid to ovoid. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x53, x65, x66, x67, x109, x159 x294, x573, x578 of the collection of Wilson’s Japanese photographs. This plant is figured by Banks (Icon. Kaempf. t. 38 [1791]) under the native Japanese name of Ssi-no-ki. Castanopsis cuspidata, f. latifolia Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus cuspidata latifolia Nicholson, Dict. Gard. ILI. 264 (1887). Pasania cuspidata, B Sieboldii, forma rotundifolia Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 142 (1909). diee Sieboldii, var. rotundifolia Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 233 0). Cultivated: Arboretum, Royal Gardens, Kew, March 10, 1880, G. Nicholson (No. 1677; in Herb. Arnold Arboretum). The leaves of this cultivated plant are usually broadly elliptic-ovate and abruptly broad cuneate at the base. Castanopsis cuspidata, f. variegata Rehder & Wilson n. comb. Quercus cuspidata variegata Nicholson, Dict. Gard. III. 264 (1887). Cultivated: Arboretum, Royal Gardens, Kew, October 13, 1880, G. Nicholson (No. 2291; in Herb. Arnold Arboretum). ; s ie donis Chronicle, n: ser. XII. 233, fig. 38 in part, there is a figure of plant. LITHOCARPUS BI. Lithocarpus cleistocarpa Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus cleistocarpa Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 52 (1897); XXIX. 295 (1900). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 510 (1899). — Fran- chet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 157 (1899). * Lithocarpus Blume, Bijdr. 526 (1825); Fl. Jav. I. Cupulif. 34, t. 20 (1828). — Endlicher, Gen. 275 v dh Aa A Ind. Bot. I. 865 (1855). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 55 (excl. sect. Chlamydobalanus) (1915). — Synaedrys Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2, 441 (1836). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 185 (1916). : Cyclobalanus Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 80 (Bidr. Egesl. Syst. 72) (1866). 206 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Quercus fragifera Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 157 (1899). Quercus Wilsonii Seemen in Fedde, Rep. Nov. Spec. III. 53 (1906). Pasania Wilsonit Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 660 (1912). Pasania cleistocarpa Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 660 (1912). — Koidzumi in Icon. Pl. Koisikav. I. 113, t. 57 (1912). Synaedrys Wilsonii Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 187 (1916). Synaedrys cleistocarpa Koidzumi, l. c. 188 (1916). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., September 1907 (No. 3636; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); same lo- cality, June and December 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1521, type of Q. Wilsonii Seemen). Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., June 1907 (No. 36365; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.); same locality, Novem- ber 1901 (Veitch Exped., Seed No. 1204); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1500 m., July 1907 (No. 3636^; tree 10-13 m. tall); Hsing- shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1800 m., June 2 and July 1907 (Nos. 36364, 3635, 3635°; tree 6-13 m. tall); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1500 m., July 1907 (No. 3636°; tree 13 m. tall, girth 2 m.); without local- ity, A. Henry (Nos. 6002, 6524, 6538, 6715). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods, alt. 2000-2600 m., July 1908 (No. 3624; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1 m.). We can find no valid differences between von Seemen's two species and it would appear that he must have overlooked his Q. cleistocarpa when describing Q. Wilsontt. The summit of the acorn is flat or even depressed in imperfectly developed fruits, but usually it isslightly raised. Sometimes the upper part of the cup does not properly develop, and in that case a greater or lesser part of the acorn is exposed and the appearance of the fruit is changed. The species is obviously very closely re- Pasania Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 81 (Bidr. Egesl. Syst. 73) (excl. sect. Chlamydobalanus) (1866). — Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. abt. 1, 55 (excl. sect. Chlamydobalanus) (1889). — Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 620 (1912). There can be little doubt that the four genera enumerated above are so closely related that they cannot be considered distinct, and as Lithocarpus is the oldest of these generic names, it becomes, as already pointed out by Nakai, the name of the genus, the type of which is L. javensis Blume. The reason why Koidzumi rejected Lithocarpus and uses the name Synaedrys is apparently the supposed existence of an earlier homonym which he quotes as “ genus Styracaceorum in Cat. Buitenzorg. 1823." We are, however, unable to find in Blume's Catalogus van . . . Gewassen te vinden in ’s Lands plantentuin te Buitenzorg of 1823 any mention of a genus Litho- carpus. The first place where we find this name mentioned is in Endlicher's Genera plantarum, 743 (1836-40) under Styraz a. Eustyraz as “ Lithocarpus Blume Hort. Buitenz. non Fl. Jav. St. Benzoin Dryand.," and Miquel refers to it in 1855 in his Flora Indiae Batavae, Y. pt. 1, 865, adding after Lithocarpus Bl. Bijdr. p. 527 “ non homonymum ejusdem genus Styracem Benzoin spectans.” Apparently Lithocarpus Blume Hort. Buitenzorg is an unpublished name and being, moreover, & synonym of Styraz, it cannot, even if it should have been published earlier, invalidate Blume 5 Lithocarpus of 1825. FAGACEAE. — LITHOCARPUS 207 lated to L. truncata Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. (Q. truncata King). On the moun- tains of western Hupeh and of eastern Szech'uan, L. cleistocarpa is a common inhabitant of the woods and forests between 800 and 1500 m. altitude. In western Szech'uan it is rare. It forms a tree of moderate size, rarely exceeding 30 m. in height, and has a much branched widespreading and flattened crown. The fructification is biennial. Colloquially this tree is known as the Chou-li or Chou-ko-li and it is valued for its wood, which is hard and tough. Lithocarpus spicata Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus spicata Smith in Rees, Cyclop. XXIX. No. 12 (1819). — D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 56 (1824). — Wallich, Pl. As. Rar. I. 40, t. 46 (1830). — Miquel, Fl. Ind. Batav. ll. 848 (1855); in Ann. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 106 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 85 (1864). — Oudemans in Verh. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, XI. No. 3, 2, t. 1, fig. 1-3 (Annot. Cupul. Jav.) (1865). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 489 (1874); Ind. Trees, 629, fig. 194 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, Yl. 486 (1877). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 224 (1886). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 609 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 47, t. 41, fig. 1-2 (1889). — Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 155 (1899), quoad specimen e Yunnan. — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 521 (1899), quoad specimen Delavayi. — Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java, II. 65 (1912). Quercus elegans Blume in Batav. Verhand. IX. 208 (1825); Bijdr. 518 (1825); Fl. Java, Cupulif. 21, t. 10 (1828-29). — Oudemans in Verh. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, XI. No. 3, 2, t. 3, fig. 1-4 (Annot. Cupul. Java) (1865). Quercus Arcaula Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 56 (pro synon.) (1825); apud Sprengel, Syst. III. 857 (1826). — Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 290 (1850). Quercus squamata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. III. 638 (1832). — Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 1. t. 213 (1840). Pasania spicata Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 83 (1866). Synaedrys spicata Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 198 (1916). Yunnan: Yuan-chiang, alt. 1150 m., A. Henry (No. 13238; tree 10-13 m. tall). This variable species, which ranges from Yunnan through the Malay Peninsula to Java, is represented in western Szech'uan by the following variety. Lithocarpus spicata, var. mupinensis Rehder & Wilson, n. var. À typo praecipue differt gemmis subglobosis, foliis minoribus et angustioribus, cupula parva breviore imam tantum basin glandis coni- cae minoris amplectente. Arbor 13-20-metralis; gemmae subglobosae, leviter pubescentes. Folia tenuiter coricaea, lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceolata, subito acu- minata, basi attenuata, integra, 5-9 cm. longa et 2-3 cm. lata; petioli circiter 0.5 cm., rarius 1 cm. longi. Fructus biennes, in spicis subter- minalibus 9-10 cm. longis; cupula 10-13 mm. diam., circiter 5 mm. alta, bracteis leviter incrassatis arcte adpressis; glans conico-ovoidea, apiculata, circiter 1.5 em. altus et 1.3-1.5 cm. diam. Western Szech'uan: Mupin, woodlands, alt. 1000-1600 m., October 1908 (No. 3629). 208 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA This variety is well distinguished by its subglobose, slightly pubescent winter- buds, by its small and narrow somewhat chartaceous leaves and by its thin, shallow cup embracing only the base of the conical acorn, which is slightly over half an inch in diameter. It is probable that the specimens from Khasia, referred by King (in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, YI. 48, t. 43, fig. 9-11) to A. De Candolle's var. mücrocalyz, belong here, although they are described as having rather broader leaves and an acorn “less than half an inch in diameter." A. De Candolle's var. microcalyx is founded upon Q. microcalyr Korthals (in Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 206 [1839-42]), which is a native of Borneo and has hemispherical acorns which are often depressed at the summit. That a tree native of Borneo should also grow in western China is highly improbable and is contrary to our experience. This new variety is not uncommon in moist woods at low altitudes in the petty state of Mupin and contiguous country to the southeast. It is a shapely evergreen tree growing from 15 to 20 m. tall. 'The wood is hard and tough. Here may be recorded another variety of this polymorphous species collected by Henry in Yunnan. Lithocarpus spicata, var. brevipetiolata Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus grandifolia D. Don in Lambert, Pinus, II. 27, t. 8 (1824); ed. 2, II. Append. 3, t. 2 (1828). — D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 57 (1824). Quercus spicata, 8 brevipetiolata A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 86 (1864). Quercus spicata, var. brevipetiolata King apud Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 610 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, I1. 48, t. 41, fig. 3 (1889). Yunnan: Szemao, mountains to east and southwest, alt. 1300-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11614, 11614*, 116145, 11614°, 116144; tree 6-16 m. tall). Lithocarpus megalophylla Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. : Arbor 16-metralis, trunco 0.3 m. diam.; ramuli validi, striati, gla- brati. Folia coriacea, oblongo-elliptica, subito breviter acuminata, basi oblique, late cuneata v. fere rotundata, integra, margine revoluta, 15-27 cm. longa et 7.5-12 em. lata, glabra, nitidula, concoloria, costa supra impressa subtus elevata, nervis utrinsecus circiter 10, curvatis, secus marginem adscendentibus et anastomosantibus supra leviter impressis subtus valide elevatis trabeculis elevatis subparallelis con- junctis, utrinque in sicco saltem leviter reticulata, plus minusve bullata; petioli validi, 3-4.5 em. longi, supra anguste canaliculati, glabri. Fructus biennes, sessiles v. subsessiles saepissime plures basi confluentes, in spicis 12 cm. longis v. ultra, rhachi valida lenticellata pubescente; cupula lignea, scutelliformis, 2-2.5 em. diam. et vix 1 em. alta, basin tantum glandis amplectens, intus cinereo-tomentella mar- gine glabrescente excepta, cicatrice glandis elevata, bracteis late triangulari-ovatis acuminatis carinatis tomentosis, marginalibus arcte adpressis indistinctis; glans fere globularis, apiculata, basi concava, brunnea, nitidula, 2-2.5 em. diam., pericarpio osseo 2 mm. crasso. Western Szech'uan: Hungya Hsien, near Wa-wu-shan, woods, alt. 1000 m., September 1908 (No. 3631). FAGACEAE. — LITHOCARPUS 209 This new species is most closely related to L. spicata Rehder & Wilson, but in that species and its numerous varieties the leaves, though varying greatly in size, are nearly always broadest above the middle and are narrowly cuneate or attenuate at the base, the petioles never exceed one inch and are usually only about half an inch in length, and the cup scales are thickened, usually very much so, tuberculate and indistinct one from another and the acorn is smaller. Wilson met with this new Lithocarpus in only one locality, so it would appear to be a rare tree. The wood is exceedingly tough. Lithocarpus sp. Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 1300-1600 m., June 1907 (No. 3638). Apparently closely related to L. megalophylla Rehder & Wilson and L. Henryi Rehder & Wilson, but distinguished by a rufous gray fascicled pubescence on the young shoots; the leaves are also smaller. Our specimen consists of a leafy branch with unopen flowers and is too incomplete for determination, although it is unlike any other we have seen. , Lithocarpus Henryi Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus Henryi Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 50 (1897); XXIX. 294 (1900). Quercus spicata Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 155 (non Smith) (1899), quoad specimen e Szech'uan orientali. — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 521 (1899), quoad specimina e Hupeh et Szech'uan. E Pasania Henryi Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 665 (1912). Western Hupeh: south of Ichang, woods, October 1907 (No. 543; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2.3 m.); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1500 m., June 1907 (No. 543*; tree 6-16 m. tall); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1100-1300 m., May, June, July and September 1907 (No. 543^, 543°, 3637; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); same locality, July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2228, in part, Seed No. 775); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300 m., June and July 1907 (Nos. 543*, 3637°; tree 5-13 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Paokang Hsien, June and July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2228, in part, tree 16 m. tall); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5805, 5805*, 6023, co-type). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 7030, 7030). This is a very common e rgreen tree in the woods of western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan between 600 and 1500 m. altitude. It seldom exceeds 16 m. in height, and has ascending-spreading branches which form a neat oval orrounded crown. The fruetification is biennial and subterminal on the season's growth and the acorn may be flattened-round on the summit or slightly raised and pointed; the cup is always very shallow and thin and the scales are keeled on the back. Franchet and Skan both refer this plant to the variable L. spicata Rehder & Wilson (Quercus spicata Smith), but if this is correct, it is certainly a very distinct variety. Von Seemen has pointed out certain differences between his species and Smith’s, and we may 210 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA add that in all the specimens of L. Henryi before us the petioles are always longer and the leaves narrower; the cup is never thickened and tubercled and the bracts subtending the branches of the male inflorescence are ovate-lanceolate acuminate and three times the size of those on L. spicata Rehder & Wilson. Lithocarpus Henryi occupies a distinct geographical region, and until our knowledge of the Chinese Oaks is more complete we think it is best to maintain it as a distinct species. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 499, 538, 650 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 425, 427, 430. Lithocarpus viridis Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus polystachya Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 519 (non Wallich) (1899), quoad specimina e Yunnan, No. 9636 excepto. Pasania viridis Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 668 (1912). Synaedrys viridis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 198 (1916). Western Szech'uan: Yachou Fu, woods, alt. 1000-1500 m., October 1908 (No. 3630; tree 20 m. tall, girth 2.5 m.). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1600-1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10520, 11434, 11434*); Szemao, mountains, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 12329, 123295, 12329}, 12329°, 123294, 12329"). a Schottky also includes Henry's No. 9636, but that has leaves pubescent on the under side and the male inflorescence is much shorter and the flowers are different. In the neighborhood of Mt. Omei L. viridis is à common evergreen tree. The fruit is biennial. QUERCUS L. Quercus dentata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 177 (1784); Icon. Pl. Jap. pt- 5, t. 6 (1805). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 297 (1849-51). — A- De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 13 (1864). — Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 5, V. 243 (1866); in Jour. Linn. Soc. X. 488 (1869); XIIL 7 (1873); in Jour. Bot. XI. 172 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 445 (1875). — Bretschneider, Chinese Silkworm Trees, 5 (1881). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). — Franchet in Now. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 3, VII. 82 (Pl. David. I. 272) (1884). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 218 (1886). — Sargent in Garden and Forest, VI. 383, fig. 59 (1893); Forest Fl. Japan, 67, t. 23 (1894). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 407, t. 7 fig. 9 (1895). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 511 (1899). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 52, t. 27, fig. 1-15 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 76 (Fl. Mandsh.) (1904). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 393 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Pampanint FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 211 in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 251 (1910). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX XI. 209 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2,26 (1913). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 127 (1914). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 60 (1915). Quercus obovata Bunge in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, II. 136 (Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 62) (1833). — Carruthers in Jour. Linn. Soc. VI. 32 (1862). Quercus dentata, 8 Wrightii A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 13 (1864). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 408, t. 7, fig. 6 (1895). Quercus Daimio Hort. ex K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 2, 45 (pro synon.) (1873). Quercus yunnanensis Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 146 (1899). Quercus dentata, var. grandifolia Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 161 (1912). Quercus nipponica Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 161 (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 61 (1915). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1300 m., June 1910 (No. 4584; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); “ Ou-tan-scian," alt. 2090 m., July 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 344). Western Szech’uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 1300 m., October 1908 (No. 1297; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.). Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains to northward, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9201). Shantung: moun- tains near Chefoo, E. Faber (No. 101; in Herb. Gray). Chili: north of Peking, Ming tombs, October 6, 1905, J. G. Jack; same locality, October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 225); near “ San-tun-ying," May 31, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 38, 976); hot springs, “ Tang-shan," October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 214). . NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Eastern Mongolia: Jehol, A. David (No. 1704; in Herb. Gray); same locality, 1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 273, 274). Korea: Wonsan, September 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Fusan, May 21, 1906, U. Faurie (Nos. 187, 188); “ Ouen-san," July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 193); Chemulpo, September 1906, U. Faurie (No. 186); Quelpaert, September 1908 and June 1909, uw (Nos. 1434, 2549); Port Hamilton, 1859, C. Wilford (No. 2; in Herb. ray). This Oak is widely dispersed, but is not common in western Hupeh or in Szech'uan and large trees are rare. Neither can it be said to be a common tree in southern or central Japan, but in Hokkaido, and especially in the north and west, it forms pure woods in open valleys and on low mountain slopes. At its best it is a tree from 20 to 25 m. tall with ascending and spreading branches forming an oval or flattened crown and a trunk from 2 to 3 m. in girth, covered with handsome, deeply furrowed, firm and dark gray bark. "The wood is very hard and tough and of little commercial value, but the bark is very valuable and is largely employed in Japan in tanning hides. In Japan it is known as the Ko-gashiwa. For so widely distributed a tree it is remarkably constant in its characters. A slight variation in length of the bristly cup scales and of the degree of pubescence on the leaves and shoots is all that is noticeable. The fruit ripens in one season and on plants a foot high it is often as large and as perfect as on full-grown trees. 212 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x437, x438, x439 of the collection of Wilson’s Japanese photographs. Quercus glandulifera Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I, 295 (1850). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 104 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 40 (1864).— Moore in Jour. Bot. XIII. 231 (1875). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 447 (1875).— , Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 84 (Pl. David. I. 274) (1884). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, YV. 220 (1886). — Sargent in Garden and Forest, VI. 385 (1893); Forest Fl. Jap. 68 (1894). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 410, t. 7, fig. 1 (1895). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. . XXVI. 514 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 290 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. Y. 50, t. 26, fig. 13-24 (1900).— Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 251 (1910). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 207 (Pl. Kor. IL) (1911); in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 59 (1915). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 27 (1913). brio enam B var. subattenuata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 295 1850). Quercus glandulifera, y var. inaequali-serrata Blume, 1. c. (1850). Quercus glandulifera, 8 var. subcrenata Blume, 1. c. (1850). Quercus glandulifera, € var. polymorpha Blume, 1. c. (1850). Quercus urticaefolia Blume, l. c. 296 (1850). Quercus canescens Blume, l. c. (1850). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 15 (1864). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 411, t. 7, fig. 2 (1895). — canescens, B urticaefolia Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 105 (1863- sacri len ce B brevipetiolata A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 16 Quercus Griffithii, var. glanduligera Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 149 (1899). Quercus coreana Léveillé in litt. ex Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 59 (pro synon., non Q. koreana Nakai) (1915). t "v lessons Léveillé in litt. ex Nakai, l. c. (pro synon.; non Blume) pere: Léveillé in litt. ex Nakai, l.c. (pro synon.; non Thunberg) 1915). Kiangsi: Kuling, forming scrub, alt. 1300 m., July 29, 1907 (No. 1560; bush 1-2 m.). Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 30-1000 m., April and May 1907 (Nos. 3652, 3654, 3656; tree 5-15 m. tall, girth 0.3-2 m.); north and south of Ichang, forming scrub, alt. 30-1300 m., November 1907 (No. 528; bush 1-3 m.); Changyang Hsien, wood- lands, alt. 300-1600 m., October, November 1907 (Nos. 521, 785, 526, 520; tree 3-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-2 m.); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 600- FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 213 1500 m., October 1907 (Nos. 518, 519; tree 3-12 m. tall, girth 0.2-1 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1500 m., May, October 1907 (Nos. 3650, 525, 530; tree 13-16 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., October 1907 (Nos. 350, 524, 546; tree 6-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-2 m.); without locality, September 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1688); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 157, 2760, 3906); “ Ou-tan-scian," alt. 2090 m., September 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 350); “ Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., May 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 348). Szech’uan: banks of Yangtsze River, E. Faber (No. 215). Western Szech’uan: Kiating Fu, sandstone hills, alt. 300-600 m., September 1908 (No. 3649; bush or small tree 3-6 m.); Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1000-1600 m., October 1908 (No. 1143; tree 13 m. tall, girth 2.5 m.); Mupin, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., October 1908 (No. 1294; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.5 m.); west and near Wén-ch'uan Hsien, forming scrub, alt. 1000-3000 m., July and September 1908 (Nos. 3627, 1095*; bush 1.5-3 m.). Shantung: “Lau-shan,” August 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 321); without locality, September 1862, A. Maingay (No. 192; in Herb. Gray). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Seoul, September 24, 1905, J. G. Jack; ; temple gardens, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent; same locality, September 11, 1905, J.G. Jack; Chemulpo, September 1908, U. Faurie (No. 198); Quelpaert, May 15, 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1527); same locality, woods, May 1908, July and August 1910, Taguet (Nos. 2433, 2551, 4444, 4443, 4442). ; This isa very common tree throughout the Yangtsze Valley from river-level to altitudes of 1600 m. On low hills and near villages and towns it occurs as low scrub or coppice, but when allowed to develop it forms a tree from 20 to 25 m. tall with a trunk from 2 to 3 m. in girth. In Japan it is also abundant both as a forest tree and as low scrub or coppice growth. It exhibits considerable variation in the size and shape of leaves, in the length of petioles and in the degree of pubescence on the shoots and on the underside of the leaves, but we find it quite impossible to distinguish any variety or form. Normally the leaves on the under side have a short fasci- cled, almost stellate pubescence heavily masked by long straight appressed hairs; sometimes one or other of these forms of pubescence is absent or nearly so and com- monly one or other has the ascendency. Wilson’s No. 3649 from Kiating and western Szech’uan has very short petioles and leaves glabrous on the under side with the exception of a few long appressed hairs on the principal veins. No. 1294 from Mupin is similarly glabrous, but the petioles are long and slender. No. 520 has only a very sparse fasciculate pub A specimen before us from a tree cul- tivated in the Botanic Garden, Tokyo, has the shoots and under side of the leaves densely clothed with a silky pubescence. Meyer’s specimen from Shantung has the leaves deeply toothed, subsessile, slightly pointed at the base and clothed With appressed hairs on the under side. Maingay's specimen from the same prov- ince has subsessile to short-petiolate leaves, glabrous on the under side and with few very shallow teeth. Between these extremes specimens before us show every gradation. The teeth are always gland-tipped and point forward and are usually tly incurved.. The fruit ripens in one season and the shallow cup embraces 214 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA one-third or less of the oblong-cylindric acorn; the scales of the cup are closely appressed and are densely villose. In autumn the leaves change to orange-red and crimson. In Hupeh this Oak is known as the Peh-fan-li. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 568 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs, in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 426, and also in the collection of his Japanese photographs, Nos. x90, x613. Quercus aliena Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 298 (1850). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 14 (1864). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. 361 (1875). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 445 (1875). — Bretschneider, Chinese Silkworm Trees, 5 (1881). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 85 (1884). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 219 (1886). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 505 (exclud. synon.) (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 288 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. Y. 55, t. 28, fig. 12-22 (1900). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 196 (Consp. Fl. Kor.) (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 75 (Fl. Mandsh. II.) (1903). — Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 439 (1908). — Pampanini in Nuo. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 251 (1910). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 209 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. IL. pt. 2, 25 (1912). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 163 (sphalmate “ alieana ") (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 59 (1915), exclud. syn. Q. Griffithii Hooker f. & Thomson. Quercus hirsutula Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 298 (1850). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., November 1907 (No. 782; tree 6-13 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.); Ichang, Dr. Aldridge; without locality, A. Henry (No. 3080); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., May 1907 (No. 527°); bank of Yangtsze River, April 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4501, tree 8 m. tall). West- ern Szech’uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, near Moshi-mien, alt. 1600 m., October 1910 (No. 4282; small tree 5-8 m. tall). Chekiang: * near Tangsi," June 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 442). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Fusan, temple gardens, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent; same locality, May 1906, U. Faurie (No. 197); Seoul, east Palace park, September 24, 1905, J. G. Jack. . - This form, with broad, rounded, obtuse teeth separated by shallow sinuses, which Blume makes the type of the species, is very rare in China; in Japan Wilson did not meet with it. In habit and other features it is identical with the following variety, which unquestionably represents the phylogenetic type. The different dentation, however, makes the leaves look very distinct. : A picture of Q. aliena will be found under No. 615 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 432. _~ FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 215 Quercus aliena, var. acuteserrata Maximowiez apud Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 219 (1886). Quercus aliena, y acutedentata Maximowiez in litt. apud Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Fl. Jap. 1. 445 (nomen nudum) (1875). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 409 (acutidentata) (1895). — Matsumura, Ind. Fl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 25 (1912). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., Octo- ber 1907 (No. 527; tree 8-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); same locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 562); same locality, A. Henry (No. 68*); Ichang, A. Henry (No. 2293); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-2000 m., May and November 1907 (Nos. 517, 529, 3658; tree 6-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.5 m.); Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., October 1907 (No. 516; tree 8-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); “ Ou-tan- scian,” August 1909, C. Silvestri (No. 2931); without locality, A. Henry (No. 2293). Hunan: Shihmen Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7945). Western Szech’uan: west and near Wén-ch’uan Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-2000 m., November 1908 (Nos. 1094, 1095; bush or small tree 2- 13 m. tall). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9394, 9394", 11298). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: Sheng-king, June 28, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 38). Korea: Chinnampo, September 17, 1905, J. G. Jack; same locality, August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 192); “ Ouen-san," July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 195). JAPAN. Hondo: Rikuchu province, Ishidoriya, rare, September 26, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7562; tree 11-20 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5 m.); Uzen province, with- out locality, June 21, 1902, K. Sakurai. Kyushu: Hizen province, “ Simshara," 1863, C. Mazimowicz (co-type; in Herb. Gray). omo. In western Hupeh and in Szech'uan this is a very common Oak in mixed woods 9n the mountains from near river-level up to 2000 m. altitude. In Japan it is rare, and Wilson met with it there in only one locality. lt is a tree from 20 to 25 m. tall, with massive widespreading branches, and the bark is gray and fissured. The ‘eaves vary much in size and the petioles in length, but the under side of the leaves is always more or less densely clothed with a matted felt of short pale gray hairs; the shoots are always glabrous at maturity except occasionally immediately below the clustered terminal winter-buds, where often a sparse puberulous indumentum can be detected. In Hupeh this Oak is known as the Hu-li. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 501, 507 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 428, 429. Quercus aliena, var. acuteserrata, f. calvescens Rehder & Wilson, n. forma. A typo varietatis recedit foliis subtus non tomentosis sed tantum pilis brevibus fasciculatis v. simplicibus plus minusve dense con- Spersis, interdum fere glabrescentibus. 216 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1600 m., May 31 and October 1907 (No. 515, type; tree 7-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.6 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1200-1800 m., June and October 1907 (No. 3658; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.2 m.); north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1000-1200 m., June and December 1907 (No. 531; tree 14 m. tall, girth 1.6 m.), * monte Triora," alt. 1950 m., July 3, 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 339). Shensi: ' Lao-y-san," 1897, G. Giraldi. Chili: near San-tun-ying, among Pine trees on a sheltered mountain slope, May 29, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 955). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, June 8, 1908, and July 1909 (Nos. 1436, 2546). This seems to be only a glabrescent form of Q. aliena, var. acuteserrata, which occurs occasionally in the whole region of this variety. Sometimes the pubescence is rather dense and the under side of the leaf is soft to the touch, as in Meyer's No. 37 and in Silvestri's No. 339, though the fascicled hairs are separate and not matted as in the type, or the hairs are rather scattered and partly simple, appressed and very short, as in Wilson's Nos. 515 and 3658, while young seedlings raised from seed of No. 515, as well as those raised from seed of No. 517, have the leaves nearly glabrous. The lobes of the leaves of the glabrescent form are acute or acutish; in Giraldi's specimen, however, and partly in Meyer’s No. 37 they are more or less rounded, but the leaves agree in size and shape with those of var. acuteserrata. Quercus Fabri Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. X. 202 (1869); in Jour. Bot. XIII. 362 (1875); XX. 362 (1882). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 84 (Pl. David. I. 274) (1884); in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 160 (1899). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 512 (1899). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 162 (1912). Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 30-1000 m., common, April, May and October 1907 (Nos. 3653, 3655, 3655*, 3657; tree 6-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5 m.); north and south of Ichang woodlands, alt. 600— 1300 m., May and October 1907 (No. 523; slender tree 6-12 m. tall); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2294, 2636); Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1300 m., October and November 1907 (Nos. 522, 783; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 1-1.5 m.); Patung Hsien, woodlands, common, alt. 1000-1600 m., May 1907 (No. 527%; tree 8-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Hsing-shan Hsien, woodlands, alt. 1000-1300 m., May 1907 (No. 3651; tree 10-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Fang Hsien, alt. 1000-1600 m., May 1907 (No. 5162). North-central Szech'uan: Pa-chou, alt. 1200 m., July 13, 1910 (No. 4585; tree 25 m. tall, girth 4 m.). Western Szech'uan: Wén-ch'uan Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1093; tree 6-16 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.). Chekiang: vicin- FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 217 ity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor; Pan-shan, near Hanchou, alt. 300 m., June 29, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1485). Kiangsu: Shang- hai, 1915, D. Macgregor. Kwangtung: without locality, C. Ford (No. 357). In western Hupeh and in Szech’uan this tree is common from river-level to 1500 m. altitude and usually as scrub or coppice growth; large trees are very rare. the type as described by Hance the leaves have prominent reticulate veins on the under side. This character is very variable; it is prominent in Henry’s No. 2294, less so in Wilson’s No. 522 and in Wilson’s No. 523 it is scarcely noticeable; between the extremes there is every gradation. The branchlets are always furrowed and pubescent and the fruit ripens in one season. ; Komarov (in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 74 [1904]) and others have reported this species from Korea, but we have seen no specimens from there and are very doubt- ful if it grows so far north. At Ichang this Oak is colloquially known as the Hsiao Peh-fan-li. Mie A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0211 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs. Quercus serrata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 176 (1784). — Siebold & Zuc- carini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. III. 226 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 102) (1846). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. Y. 296 (1849-51). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 50 (1864). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 8 (1871). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 486 (1874); Ind. Trees, 626, fig. 192 (1906). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 447 (1875). — Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXXI. 302 (Fl. Tché-foü, 128) (1876). — Bretschneider, Chinese Silkworm Trees, 4 (1881). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 85 (Pl. David. I. 275) (1884). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 221 (1886). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 601 (1888). — Kanitz in Nóven. Gyüjt. Ered. Szechenyi, II. 842 (Pl. Enum. 57) (1891); in Wiss. Ergeb. Reise Szechenyt, Il. 731 (1891). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 412, t. 7, fig. 9 (1895). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 520 (1899).— Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. Por. Jap. I. t. 26, fig. 1-12 (1900).— Komarov in Ad. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 74 (Fl. Mansh. IL) (1903).— Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 252 (1910). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 208 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 253 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 29 (1913). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 128 (1914). i : nomen nudum) (1829). red uel ues t LT Ro P Qi serrata, y var. attenuata Blume, 1. c. (1850). 218 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Quercus serrata, 8 var. nana Blume, l. c. (1850). Quercus serrata, e var. obtusata Blume, 1. c. (1850). Quercus acutissima Carruthers in Jour. Linn. Soc. VI. 33 (1862). — Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 638 (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 57 (1915). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 203 (1916). Quercus serrata, var. Rozburghii A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 51 (1864), excl. synon. “Q. serrata Roxb.” — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 22, t. 16 (1889). Quercus Bombyz Hort. Leroy ex Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 2, 72 (pro synon.) (1873). Quercus acutissima, var. Roxburghii Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 638 (1912). Quercus Ushiyamana Nakai in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 250 (1914). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000 m., May 1907 (No. 536*; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); north and south of Ichang, alt. 30-1000 m., abundant, May 1907 (No. 3645; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.). Western Szech'uan: Hokiang Hsien, E. Faber (No. 216); Wa-shan, woodlands, alt. 1300-2000 m., November 1908 (No. 1332; tree 8-12 m. tall, girth 1-3 m.); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5189). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor; Changhua Hsien, alt. 300 m., July 12, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1546). Chili: near "Santun-ying," May 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 39, 977); near “ Changli,” October 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 197); Peking, cemetery, October 10, 1905, J. G. Jack. Shan- tung: Chifu, September 22, 1903, C. S. Sargent. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Seoul, September 25, 1905, J. G. Jack; Quelpaert, “ Hongno," August 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1525); Hallaisan, September 4, 1908, Taquet (No. 1435); in woods, July 1909, June, July 1910, T'aguet (Nos. 2544, 2548, 4440). This is the common low-level Oak of the Yangtsze Valley and up to 1000 m. altitude is abundant everywhere in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan. It often forms pure woods or grows mixed with Pines, and as low coppice growth or scrub it covers low steep hills. In Japan it is common in Kyushu, Shikoku and in the warmer parts of Hondo and is cultivated in Tokyo and other places to the north- ward. When allowed to develop this Oak makes a handsome tree 25 m. tall, with stout widespreading branches and a trunk from 3 to 4 m. in girth. The leaves vary greatly in shape, in length of petiole and in length of the setae; when young the leaves are densely hairy, but at maturity they are glabrous or nearly so and always green on the under surface. The bark is dark gray, rough and fissured, but never corky. The fruit matures the second season. Its wood is valued for boat building and for general construction purposes, and that of coppice growth is largely as fuel and for making charcoal; the cups are used for dyeing silk-yarn black. In Hupeh it is known as the Hwa-li and occasionally Hung (red) Hwa-li, but in the prefecture of Paoning in north-central Szech'uan, where a silkworm (Antheraea Pernyi) feeds on the leaves, it is known as Ching-kang. In the province of Kwel- chou this silkworm feeds on this Oak. We do not think that the Indian plant can be maintained as a distinct variety, for the specimens before us from Korea exhibit as much variation as specimens ab Mee De Er eR FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 219 from Japan and India do. Meyers No. 1546 agrees perfectly with that of Q. acutis- sima Carruthers. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 1, 65, 429, 438 and 0175 of the col- lection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 437, 438, 439 and 440. 2 Quercus variabilis Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 297 (1850). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 50 (1864). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 385 (1893); Forest Fl. Japan, 68 (1894). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 413, t. 7, fig. 3 (1895). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 54, t. 28, fig. 1-11 (1900). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 394 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XX XI. 208 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 129 (1914). Quercus chinensis Bunge in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, II. 135 (Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 61) (non Abel) (1835). — Bretschneider, Chinese Silkworm Trees, 5 (1881). ? Quercus Moulei Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. 563 (1875). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 519 (1899). Quercus Bungeana Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 83 (1884). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 85 (Pl. David. 1. 275) (1884); in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 154 (1899). — Kanitz in Nóven. Gyüjt. Ered. Szechenyi, I. 841 (Pl. Enum. 50) (1891); in Wiss. Ergeb. Reise Szechenyi, ll. 731 (1891). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 508 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 291 (1900). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy- Tchéou, 127 (1914). Quercus serrata, var. a chinensis Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 221 (1886). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 29 (1913). Quercus Bombyx tomentosa Hort. ex Kew Handlist, 201 (pro synon. Q. serratae Thunberg) (1894). Quercus serrata Carruthers in Jour. Linn. Soc. VI. 32 (non Thunberg) (1862).— Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 638 (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 57 (1915). — Koidzumi in: Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 205 (1916). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1500 m., Oc- tober 1907 (Nos. 532, 536; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 300-1500 m., May 6 and October 1907 (Nos. 3648, 533, 534, 535; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1-2 m., bark thick and cork-like); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2291, 2291*); Hsing- shan Hsien, woods, alt. 300-1500 m., September and October 1907 (Nos. 3647, 539; tree 13-25 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Fang Hsien, Woodlands, alt. 1000-1500 m., May and October 1907 (Nos. 538, 537; tree 10-25 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.). Western Szech’uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woods, alt. 1300 m., September 1908 (Nos. 1295, 1296; tree 15-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.3 m.); without locality, A. von Rost- horn (No. 168). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry 220 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA (Nos. 9913, 9913"); Yuan-chiang, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 13247). Chili: Peking, western hills, April 30, 1912, W. Purdom; Peking, August 1865, July 1876, S. W. Williams (Herb. Hance, No. 11416; in Herb. Gray); same locality, Skatschkoff (in Herb. Gray); “ Chang-li,” November 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 326). Shantung: Lau-shan, | August 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 307). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: “ Taikou," May 1906, U. Faurie (No. 194). On the mountains of western Hupeh and in eastern Szech’uan between altitudes of from 800 to 1600 m. this is a very common tree in mixed woods and often forms pure stands; in western Szech’uan it is much less common. In Japan it is sometimes cultivated, but Sargent and Wilson did not see it there as a wild tree. At its best it is a tree 25 m. tall with a straight trunk 3 m. in girth and clothed with hand- some pale gray deeply furrowed corky bark. The fruit ripens the second season, and is usually solitary, but occasionally in pairs. The shoots are quite glabrous, slightly pubescent or tomentose, but the under side of the leaves is always clothed with a dense pale gray felt. On young plants — seedlings or coppice growth — the petioles are very short and the leaves may be described as subsessile; the base is rounded or subauriculate and the secondary veins are more numerous. The cup and the acorn are variable in size. In central and western China this tree 18 known as the Hwa-k’o-li and its wood is valued for boat building and general con- struction purposes; the cups are employed in dyeing silk-yarn black; the bark is used by the peasants for roofing their houses. On the trunks of felled saplings of this Oak an edible fungus (Hirneola polytricha) is cultivated by the Chinese m western Hupeh. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 537, 544, 555, 0142 of the collec- = of Wilson’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 441, , 443. We have not seen Hance's Q. Moulei, but believe that it belongs here. The vernacular name given, Ma-lieh, is doubtless a transliteration of Hwa-li, the Chinese name for Q. serrata Thunberg, and often applied also to Q. variabilis Blume. Quercus Engleriana Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 47 (1897); XXIX. 291 (1900). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 512 (1899). — Koidzumi in Icon. Pl. Koisikav. I. 111, t. 56 (1912). Quercus obscura Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 49 (1897). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc, XXVI. 519 (1899). Quercus sutchuenensis Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 512 (1899). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1300- 2000 m., May 31, 1907 (No. 3633; tree 6-10 m. tall; Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1600 m., May and November 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 678, Seed No. 1223); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6167, co- type of Q. obscura Seemen). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5682, 5682*, co-type). Western Szech'uan: Wa- } FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 221 shan, woods, alt. 1600—2500 m., June 1908 (No. 3632; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.). This species is common in rocky places in western Hupeh and in Szech'uan be- tween 1000 and 2000 m. altitude and is always a small tree. The leaves persist through the winter and fall as the new ones unfold. They vary much in degree of dentation and are sometimes quite entire; the fruit ripens in one season. The speci- men from Wa-shan is much less hairy than those from Hupeh and may possibly represent a distinct variety. Seemen’s Q. obscura is founded on a flowering speci- men with young leaves only, and some of the leaves are quite entire, but it is with- out doubt specifically identical with his Q. Engleriana. Quercus semicarpifolia Smith in Rees, Cyclop. XXIX. No. 20 (1819). — Wallich, Pl. As. Rar. II. 56, t. 174 (1831). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 110 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 15 (1864). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 479, t. 64 (1874). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 219 (1886). — Hooker f., FI. Brit. Ind. V. 601 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 21, t. 15, fig. 1-3 (1889). — Kanitz in Nóven. Gyüjt. Ered. Szechenyi, II. 841 (Pl. Enum. 56) (1891); in Wiss. Ergeb. Reise Szechenyi, II. 731 (1891). — Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 150 (1899).— Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 520 (1899). Quercus obtusifolia Roxburgh, Prodr. R. Nepal. 56 (1825). Quercus Cassura Roxburgh, 1. c. 57 (1825). Western Szech'uan: northwest of Tachien-lu, Ta-p'ao-shan, forests, alt. 3000-4100 m., October 1908 (No. 4579; small tree 6-15 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); west of Tachien-lu, uplands, alt. 3300-4600 m., October 1910 (No. 4281*; bush 0.6-5 m.); same locality, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 4503, 4503»). On the uplands round Tachien-lu this is a common gregarious shrub, and with tied species, Juniperus squamata Lambert and certain species of Rhododendrons with small leaves, ascends to the altitudinal limits of woody vegetation. The size of the bushes and of the leaves depends upon situation and altitude, and the more ex- posed and austere the conditions the smaller the leaves and the dwarfer the bush. In the ravines and wooded areas between 3000 and 4000 m. it formsa tree, from 12 to 15 m. tall, with a trunk 2 m. in girth, covered with dark gray bark which is into thin, elongated scaly flakes. On the trees the leaves are much longer and frequently quite entire. The fruit is solitary or more rarely in pairs and Tibens in one season, and the nearly globular acorn, seated in a shallow cup with ^ fringe of loose scales, is most distinct. The leaves persist through the winter to the summer and a few until the autumn and the plant is entitled to be termed ever- green. The wood is very hard and makes the best of charcoal. — n a, Picture of this Oak will be found under No. 186 of the collection of Wilson's 222 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Quercus aquifolioides Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. Frutex v. arbor parva, 1-10-metralis, ramosissima; ramuli hornotini fusci, fasciculato-pilosi, annotini glabrescentes. Folia persistentia per tres annos, coriacea, subsessilia, ovalia v. ovata v. elliptica, rarius obovato-elliptiea, apice rotundata saepe spinoso-mucronata, basi subcordata v. auriculata, sinuoso-spinoso-dentata v. integra, mar- gine leviter revoluta, 3-7.5 cm. pleraque 4—5.5 cm. longa et 2-5.5 cm. lata, supra maturitate fere glabra v. leviter scabrella, nitidula, subtus dense tomento fusco-aureo obtecta costa nervisque glabrescentibus exceptis, nervis utrinsecus 5-7 ante marginem plerisque furcatis supra impressis subtus manifeste elevatis, costa media supra leviter subtus manifeste elevata; petioli 1-5 mm. longi, fasciculato-pilosi, demum glabrescentes, stipulis ad secundum annum persistentibus, lineari- lanceolatis 5-8 mm. longis membranaceis fasciculato-pubescentibus. Flores feminei plures in spicis axillaribus erectis pedunculatis 1-2 cm. longis fasciculato-pubescentibus; bracteae triangulares acutae vil- losae; styli plerumque 3, recurvati. Amenta mascula fasciculato- pubescentia, floribus remotis; perianthium rotatum, membrana- ceum, 2 mm. longum, plerumque lobis 5 brevibus imbricatis ciliatis v. irregulariter eroso-denticulatis, intus villosum, extus sparse pubescens; stamina 5 filamentis perianthium aequantibus glabris, antheris ovoideis 1.25 mm. longis. Fructus biennes, 1—5 in spicis erectis; eupula cupuli- formis, 8-10 mm. diam., 4-5 mm. alta, intus adpresse sericeo-pilosa; bracteae liberae, lineari-lanceolatae, laxe adpressae, infra dense villosae, in parte superiore ciliatae ceterum fere glabrae, brunneae, superiores cupulam superantes et marginem brevem fimbriatum formantes; glans ovoidea, 1.2-1.5 em. longa et 1-1.1 em. diam., apiculata. Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, up- lands, alt. 3500-4500 m., June 24, 1908 and October 1910 (Nos. 3632*, 4372^, 4580, type). This new species is perhaps most closely related to Q. semicarpifolia Smith, but that species has an annual fructification and a larger, nearly globular acorn. western Szech'uan these two species grow in the same regions at similar altitudes and superficially very strongly resemble each other. Both are gregarious plants and on the windswept uplands cover large areas in the form of scrub; in sheltered places they develop into small trees. In both the under surface of the leaves 18 8 rich golden brown, but in Q. aquifolioides they persist at least until the end of the third season. Quercus spinosa David agrees with our new species in having bienni fruit, but in David’s species the leaves at maturity are glabrous, except the mid- rib in its lower half, and the tomentum on the young leaves is gray, never den brown; the veins are more spreading and the leaf strongly bullate; the scales of the cup are very short, firmly appressed and quite distinct one from another. FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 200 Hupeh Q. spinosa grows always on limestone, whereas the region of the Chino- Thibetan borderland, where Q. aquifolioides grows, is composed of granite, gneiss and mud shales. No. 4372 differs slightly from the type in having the scales of the cup more uniformly linear-lanceolate, more loosely appressed and more decidedly ose. A picture of this Oak will be found under No. 141 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 435. We have preferred to coin a new name for this species instead of elevating the following variety to specific rank, as there exists an older, though not valid, ho- monym, namely, Q. rufescens, Hooker f. & Thomson, a synonym of Castanopsis hystriz A. De Candolle. Quercus aquifolioides, var. rufescens Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus Ilex, var. rufescens Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 151 (1899). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 516 (1899). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 161 (1912). Quercus semicarpifolia, var. rufescens Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 642 (1912). Western Szech’uan: Tachien-lu, alpine moorlands, alt. 2600- 4600 m., June and September 1908 (Nos. 3626, 4372, seeds only; shrub 0.3-3 m., forming scrub). This variety differs from the type in its pubescence, which is pale gray and loosely matted on the young leaves and yellowish or brownish gray and loose on the old leaves, from which it often disappears entirely; the cup scales are also rather thicker, hot so long and more densely villose than in the type species. The name rufescens 18 more applicable to the type than to this variety, but Franchet’s description is clearly of this plant. We have not seen any of the specimens referred by Franchet to this variety, but ours agree exactly with his description and are from the same locality as several of his specimens. - is is a common Scrub Oak on the uplands and moors around Tachien-lu and Tegions to the north and west. When mixed with allied species it covers vast areas. A picture of this Oak will be found under No. 225 of the collection of Wilson’s Photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 436. Quercus Gilliana Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. Arbor parva, 5-8-metralis v. frutex ramosissimus 0.25-1.5 m. altus; ramuli purpureo-brunnei, fasciculato-pilosi, annotini tarde glabrescentes. Folia coriacea, per duos annos persistentia, subsessilia, ovalia v. obovata, apice rotundata spinoso-mueronata, basi subcordata V. leviter auriculata, sinuoso-spinoso-dentata, 3-5 em. longa et 2-3.5 cm. lata, sub maturitate utrinque glabra, costa media utrinque basin versus interdum fasciculato-pilosa excepta, concoloria v. subtus fus- cescentia, nervis utrinsecus 5-6 ante marginem furcatis supra leviter Subtus manifeste elevatis ut costa; petioli 1-3 mm. longi, glabrescentes; Stipulae erectae, subulatae, 4-5 mm. longae, persistentes. Fructus 224 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA annui in axillis foliorum superiorum 2-4 aggregati, breviter pedunculati pedunculo crasso fasciculato-piloso; cupula fere hemisphaerica 5-6 mm. alta et 9-10 mm. diam., intus villosa, margine non fimbriata; bracteae adpressae, triangulari-ovatae, basi leviter tumidae, acutiusculae, apice brunnez glabrescentes, ceterum tomento cinereo-flavascente velutino obtectae; glans ovoidea, circiter 1.2 cm. alta, 1 em. diam., glabra, stig- matibus divaricatis coronata. Western Szech’uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, alt. 2000-2600 m., October 1910 (Nos. 4583, type 4281, seeds only). A well-marked species distinguished by its annual fructification from all Chinese Oaks with spinescent leaves except Q. semicarpifolia Smith. The latter has a more or less persistent felt of yellow-brown or gray-brown hairs on the under side of the leaves, a shallow saucer-shaped cup with fewer, triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate scales and is loosely fringed round the rim; the acorn is more or less globular. The cup of our new species somewhat resembles that of Q. Ilex Linnaeus, but is much smaller in every way. In arid parts of the Tung River valley and in those of its tributaries in western Szech’uan between 1300 and 2600 m. altitude this new Oak is very common and covers large areas in the form of scrub from 0.3 to 1 m. high. Under more favorable conditions and on the margins of woods it is a small tree with rather slender branches which form an oval or flattened, dense crown. It is named for the late Captain W. J. Gill, who in 1877 made an extended tour through western China. He was one of the first travellers to visit Tachien-lu and in his book (The River of Golden Sand) frequent references to the “‘Holly-leaved Oak" of western Szech’uan are made. Quercus spinosa David apud Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 84 (Pl. David. Y. 274) (1884). brem foe Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 48 (1897); XXIX. 1 ‘ Quercus ilicioides David apud Bretschneider, Hist. Europ. Bot. Discov. China, 850 (nomen seminudum) (1898). Quercus Ilex, var. spinosa Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 152 (1899). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 516 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 290 (1900). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 160 (1912). Quercus Ilex, var. bullata Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 152 (1899). — See- men in Bot. Jahrb. X XIX. 290 (1900). Quercus semicarpifolia, var. glabra Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 520 (1899), quoad specimen e Mengtsze; an Franchet? ; Quercus semicarpifolia, var. spinosa Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 642 (1912). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, exposed cliffs, alt. 2000-2600 m., July 1907 (No. 3643; bush or small tree, 2-8 m. tall); Changyang Hsien, woods and rocky places, alt. 1500-2200 m., July 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1493; tree 2-6 m. tall); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5981°, 59812, type of Q. bullata). Yunnan: Mengtsze, “ Ta- hei-shan,” summit, A. Henry (No. 10217; tree 6 m.). FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 225 This Oak is common as a shrub on exposed limestone cliffs and in rocky places generally throughout western Hupeh and eastern Szech’uan between altitudes of from 800 to 2500 m. and is colloquially known as the “ Chi-kang shu.” The bushes grow 1-5 m. tall and are very densely and intricately branched. Under favorable conditions it develops into a small tree 10 m. tall with a short, thick trunk, sharply ascending-spreading branches and slender pendent branchlets, the whole forming a shapely oval crown. The young leaves are usually more or less densely clothed on the under side with a loose felt of yellow-brown to yellowish gray hairs which disappears early, but occa- sionally they are practically glabrous even when not fully unfolded. This variation in degree of pubescence on the young leaves and its early disappearance reconciles the diverse statements of Franchet and von Seemen. The basal half of the midrib on the under surface of the leaf is always clothed with a dense gray felt of villose hairs. The leaves are dark green, strongly bullate and normally quite entire, though they are often coarsely dentate and spiny, and persist until the summer of the second season. The fructification is biennial and the fruit is pedunculate in the axils of the lower leaves of its season’s growth. Henry’s No. 10217, referred by Skan to Q. semicarpifolia var. glabra, differs only in the leaves being slightly less bullate and rather larger than in the Hupeh form, which may be owing to different ecological conditions. The fructification is clearly biennial, so it cannot belong where Skan placed it, since in that species the fructification is annual. Where the specimens ag on which Franchet based the variety cannot be stated without seeing em. Pictures of this Oak will be found under Nos. 566 and 571 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 434. Quercus acrodonta Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 48 (1897); XXIX. 290 (1900). Quercus phyllireoides Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 85 (Pl. David. 1. 275) (non Gray) (1884). a Ilez, var. phyllireoides Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 152 (pro parte) 899). Quercus Ilex, var. acrodonta Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 516 (1899). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 160 (1912). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, ravine, alt. 1300 m., June 8, 1907 (No. 3644; tree 5 m. tall, girth 0.3, one only seen); Ichang and neighborhood, A. Henry (Nos. 2954, 2954», 3425); without locality, A. Henry (No. 7619). This Oak grows on the limestone cliffs in western Hupeh, but is rare. It isa small, densely branched evergreen tree or large bush. The leaves are shining green above and persist for two seasons, and the fructification is biennial, subsessile and subterminal in the axils of the uppermost leaves of its current season’s growth. It is very closely related to Q. phillyraeoides Gray, and further knowledge may prove t to be only a variety of that species. The close-matted, interwoven felt of pale gray hairs on the under side of the leaf and the midrib slightly impressed near the base of the leaf serve to distinguish it, and since it has a name we think it is best, at present, to consider it distinct. 226 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Quercus spathulata Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIII. Beibl. No. 57, 49 (1897). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 521 (1899). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 252 (1910). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, rocky places, alt. 1300 m., May and November 1907 (No. 540; tree 6-12 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300 m., May 1907 (No. 3640; tree 5-8 m. tall, girth 1.5-2 m.); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6359). Western Szech’uan: Chien-chi Hsien, summit of Fei-yueh-ling, alt. 3000 m., May 1908 (No. 3625; bush 2.5 m. high); without locality, alt. 2300 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4504; tree 10 m. tall). This is not a common tree in western Hupeh or Szech’uan, but is scattered over à wide area. It never attains a large size. The crown is dense and flattened-oval in outline. The leaves are coriaceous and shining green above and persist for two or three seasons. They vary slightly in size and are frequently quite entire and the under side of mature leaves is either quite glabrous or clothed with a short, curled gray pubescence. The fruit is biennial and short-stalked in the axils of the leaves immediately below the winter-bud of its current season’s growth. The scales of the cup are narrow and recurved and the cup resembles that of Q. cerris Linnaeus, but is smaller. Quercus Baronii Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 507 (1899). Quercus Dielsiana Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 291, fig. 2 (1900). Western Szech'uan: Wén-ch’uan Hsien, valley of Min River, thickets, alt. 1500 m., May 26, 1908 (No. 3628; bush 2 m.); “ Tsa- ku-lao”, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2533, type of Q. Dielsiana). Shensi : “ Lao-y-san ” and “ Kin-qua-san," 1897, G. Giraldi; “ Ta-hua-shan,' December 29, 1913, F. N. Meyer; south of Sian Fu, mountains near * Nan-tu-tchu," January 21, 1914, F. N. Meyer(No. 1692). In warm semi-arid regions of the Min River valley this Oak is a common shrub, but Wilson did not meet with it elsewhere. Meyer observes that it grows on sterile mountain slopes in Shensi and is semi-evergreen, the leaves persisting through the winter. The fruit is biennial; the scales of the cup are recurved and the cup re sembles that of Q. spathulata Seemen. The leaves are membranous with spinescent teeth. Quercus glauca Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 175 (1784). — Banks, Icon. Kaempfer. t. 17 (1791). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 3, 226 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 102) (1846). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 302 (1850). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 115 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 100 (1864). — Mas- ters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. I. 632 (1874). — Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 224. 363 (1874); XX. 294 (1882). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 448 (1875). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 86 (Pl. David. I. 276) (1884); in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 159 (1899). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 233 (1886). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 604 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, YI. 29, t. 23 (1889). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 515 (1889). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 293 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 56, t. 30, fig. 13-24 (1900). — Mat- sumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 392 (Enum. PI. Formos.) (1906). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 27 (1912). — Léveillé in Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 128 (1914). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 61 (1915). Quercus annulata Smith in Rees, Cyclop. XXIX. No. 22 (1819). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 114 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 100 (1864). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 487, t. 65 (1874), exclud. synon. Q. semiserrata. Quercus Phullata Hamilton apud D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 57 (1825). Quercus laziflora Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 2774 (nomen nudum) (1829). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 108 (1864). Quercus dentosa Lindley in Wallich, Cat. No. 2775 (nomen nudum) (1829). glauca, var. caesia Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. Y. 303 (1850). Cyclobalanopsis glauca Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 70 (1866). — Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 655 (1912). Moro eee annulata Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 70 1866). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, alt. 1300-1500 m., July 29 and 31, 1907 (Nos. 1558, 1559; dense bush, 3-6 m.) Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, woods, alt. 1000-1500 m., June and October 1907, January 1909 (Nos. 545, 542*; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-3 m.); Changlo Hsien, woods, alt. 1300-1600 m., May 1907 (Nos. 3634, 3639; tree 5-15 m. tall, girth 1-2 m.); Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1300 m., October 1907 (No. 541; tree 6-12 m. tall); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 600-1000 m., May and June 1907 (Nos. 3646, 541*; tree 6-20 m. tall, girth 1-2.5 m.); neighborhood of Ichang, A. Henry: (Nos. 3098, 1561, 3426); without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5277, 5632*; in fruiting specimens onlyin Herb. New York). Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, woodlands, alt. 1600-2000 m., October 1908 (No. 1298; tree 10 m. tall). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1800 m., A, Henry (No. 92995; in Herb. Arnold Arboretum). Chekiang: Vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor. Fokien: without locality, Dunn’s Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 3494). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 428). Korea: Quaelpaert, 228 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA woods, October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 185); same locality, May and July 1908, T'aquet (Nos. 1427, 1432). "This is the most common evergreen Oak in western Hupeh and in eastern Szech'- uan, where it grows from river-level to 1600 m. above the sea. On the Lushan moun- tains in Kiangsi it is abundant, but in western Szech'uan it is not very common. It is a handsome tree with a bushy flattened-round head of widespreading branches. In Hupeh it is known as the Tieh-chou-li and the wood, which is hard and tough, is highly valued for general construction purposes. The numerous specimens before us show considerable variation in degree of pu- bescence on the young shoots and of glaucescence on the under side of the leaves. The leaves also vary in size, but in all of them the basal part of the leaf is entire and the teeth, with their gland-tipped mucro, are pointed forward and are never spreading. The fruit is annual and the concentric rings of the cup are very reg- ular and are quite entire or more or less crenulate on the same cluster. The acorns are much longer than broad, narrowly cylindric or ovoid-conic. Our No. 1298 has the venation rather reticulate on the under side of the leaf and the cup is slightly villose, and in these respects approaches Q. glauca, var. villosa Skan, of which we have seen a co-type. Skan (in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 515 [1899]) cites Henry’s No. 9299* under his var. villosa. We suspect the specimens under this number have been mixed, for in this herbarium the number must be referred to typical Q. glauca Thunberg. : A picture of this tree will be found under No. 585 of the collection of Wilson's photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 431. . Quercus glauca, f. gracilis Rehder & Wilson, n. forma. : A typo recedit foliis minoribus angustioribusque 4.5-8 cm. longis et 1.5-2.5 em. latis ovato-oblongis v. oblongis v. lanceolato-oblongis infra v. cirea medium latissimis sensim acuminatis basi late cuneatis v. fere rotundatis minus profunde serratis. Quercus Vibrayeana Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 293 (non Franchet & Savatier) (1900). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woods, alt. 1500 m., June and November 1907 (No. 687, type; tree 12 m. tall, girth 2 m.); neigh- borhood of Ichang, A. Henry (No. 3088). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7076). In its small leaves this variety suggests Q. myrsinaefolia Blume, but the leaves are pubescent on the under side, not glabrous, as in that species. In western Hupeh this variety is not uncommon and grows with the type species. Quercus oxyodon Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1.114 (1863-64).— A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 98 (1864). Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 71 (1866). Quercus lineata, var. B ozyodon Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 232 (1886). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 605 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. —M—— FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 229 Calcutta, II. 33, t. 26, fig. 3 (1889). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 517 (1899). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 293 (pro parte) (1900). Quercus glauca, var. lineata Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 159 (1899). Quercus lineata, var. grandifolia Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 517 (1899). Quercus lineata, var. macrophylla Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 294 (1900). UN lineata, var. ozyodon Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 654 2). Cyclobalanopsis lineata, var. grandiflora Schottky, l. c. (1912). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, alt. 1100 m., October 1907 (No. 544; tree 6-10 m. tall); same locality, May and Oc- tober 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 647, Seed No. 800); without locality, A. Henry (No. 56324). Eastern Szech’uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5632, 56325, 56324, 5632 , 5277). a Assam: Khasia, alt. 5000 ft., Hooker f. & Thomson (in Herb. Gray, co-type). In western Hupeh and in eastern Szech’uan this is a common tree in woods be- tween 600 and 1200 m. above the sea level. It is a low-growing tree with wide- spreading branches which form a broad, flattened crown. The leaves persist through the winter, but fall as the new leaves unfold in the spring. The winter-buds are angular and are composed of many pale gray chaff-like, acute or mucronate scales. The fruit is annual, spicate and clustered near the ends of the branchlets. : The cup is sessile and saucer-shaped and the gray concentric rings are somewhat irreg- ular, not closely appressed, and are crenulate. The acorn is subglobose to ovoid and is broad or broader than high. On the co-type the blade of the leaf is from 10 to 12 cm. long and the petiole is from 2 to 2.5 cm. in length; and on the numerous Chinese specimens the blade varies in length from 12 to 21 cm. and the petiole from 2 to 5 em. The lateral veins are deeply or only slightly impressed on the upper surface of the leaf. ~ Wenzig united this species with Q. lineata Blume, and his view has been generally accepted; to us, however, it is untenable. We have before us a co-type of Blume’s Species and consider it distinct from Hooker f. & Thomson’s Khasia plant, with which the Chinese plant agrees exactly. In the Java plant the leaves are narrower and uniformly smaller, quite entire or with a few shallow, minutely pointed teeth near the apex of the leaf; the winter-buds are small, ovoid and covered with few brown obtuse scales. The cup is nearly urn-shaped, distinctly higher than broad, and the concentric rings are very regular, quite entire or slightly crenulate, and the whole cup is covered with a yellowish villose tomentum; the fruit is subterminal and, as the co-type clearly shows, ripens in the second season. : , {t is probable that the specimens collected by von Rosthorn which von Seemen (in Bot. Jahrb, X XIX. 294 [1900]) refers to Q. lamellosa Smith belong to Q. ozyodon. Quercus oxyodon, var. Fargesii Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Quercus Fargesii Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 158 (1899). Quercus lineata, var. Fargesii Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 517 (1899). Quercus lineata, var. oxyodon Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 293 (pro parte) (non Wenzig) (1900). eden lineata, var. Pargesii Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 654 230 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, alt. 1300-2300 m., October 1908 (No. 1218; tree 6-10 m. tall); Hungya Hsien, Wa-wu-shan, woods, alt. 1300-2000 m., September 14, 1908 (No. 1218*; tree 6 m. tall); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5190; tree 6 m. tall). This is a common tree in the moist woods round the base of Mt. Omei. It is distinguished from the type by the concentric rings of the cup being entire or only slightly crenulate. The pubescence on the cupule and on the winter-buds is also more yellowish than in the type. Here may be added notes on some species not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions. Quercus mongolica Fischer apud Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. I. 101 (1838); XXVII. pt. 1, 409 (1854). — Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 589 (1850). — Maximowiez in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 137 (1857); in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, YX. 241 (Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Regel in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, IV. No. 4, 130 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1861). — Carruthers in Jour. Linn. Soc. V1. 32 (1862). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 14, 487 (1864). — Fr. Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, XII. No. 2, 171 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. X. 487 (1869); XIII. 7 (1873). — Bretschneider, Chinese Silkworm Trees, 5 (1881). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 86 (1884). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 218 (1886). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XI. 365 (1892). — Korshinsky in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 388 (1892). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 518 (1899). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 68 (Fl. Mandsh.) (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 208 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 165 (1912). — Nakai in Tokyo oa eN XXIX. 57 (1915). — Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 420, t. 11, fig. 3 Quercus Robur Pallas, Fl. Ross. II. 3 (pro parte) (non Linnaeus) (1788). Quercus sessiliflora, var. golica Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 83 (Pl. David. I. 273) (1884). Quercus crispula, var. sachalinensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 164 (1912). Quercus crispula, var. manshurica Koidzumi, 1. c. (1912). Quercus lica, y manshurica Nakai in Toyko Bot. Mag. XXIX. 58 (1915). CHINA. Chili: west Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 105, 114); Wei- chang, 1910, W. Purdom (Nos. 42, 43, 97, 95). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: east slope Khingan Mts., Yolo Pass, August 15, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Amur: valley of Amur River, May and June 1891, S. Korshinsky; same locality, 1855, L. Schrenk; same locality, C. Mazi- mowicz. Ussuri: Khabarovsk, August 18, 23, 1903, C. S. Sargent; near Vladi- vostock, August 18, 1903, C. S. Sargent. Saghalien: Sakhai-hama, , August 5, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7372). Korea: Song-chong, September 4, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Chinnampo, September 20, 1905, J. G. Jack; same locality, August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 191); Seoul, September 25, 1905, J. G. Jack; “ Ouen- san," July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 190); Wan-san, September 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; “ Kan-ouen-to,” July 3, 1901, U. Faurie (No. 608). “ Hoang-hai-to, August 1906, U. Faurie (No. 189); Quelpaert, woods, July 1910, Taquet (Nos. 4447, 4448); Quelpaert, Hallaisan, alt. 1000-1700 m., August 1907, June 1909, Taquet (Nos. 326, 2547, 2550). JAPAN. Hokkaido: Kitami province, Rubeshihe, August 16, 1914, E. H. oaas FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 231 Wilson (No. 7384; tree 15 m. tall, bark deeply furrowed); Ishikari province, Sapporo, September 20, K. Miyabe; Oshima province, Hakodate, woods, August 1903, U. Faurie (No. 5421). This is the common Oak of northeast continental Asia. It is apparently common in Mandshuria, Korea and the Amur region and occurs sparingly in Saghalien and Hokkaido. In Japan it is abundantly represented by its variety grosseserrata, which is doubtfully distinct. We have much material before us, but unfortunately have little information of taxonomic importance. Wilson met with it as scrub only in Saghalien, but in the Hokkaido he notes that the very few trees he saw had dark and deeply furrowed bark. Whether this character is constant or not we do not know, and Wilson states that old trees of the var. grosseserrata are occasionally found with dark and furrowed bark. In herbaria the type may be recognized by the more thickened scales of the cup, which is usually slightly fringed, and by its broader and larger acorns. The dentation of the leaf is variable and the teeth are broad and rounded or narrow and acute. The quality of timber depends very much upon the habitat of the tree, but it is stated (W. S. in Timber Trades Journal, July 31, 1915) that “ that of Mandshurian Q. mongolica is indistinguishable from that of Q. grosseserrata." The wood of the continental Q. mongolica is not yet so well known commercially as the wood of the var. grosseserrata of Hok- kaido, but it would appear that the continental area is a timber field of much promise. It is vastly more extensive than that of Hokkaido, but we have no statis- ties giving the size and abundance of Q. mongolica. However, such information as we have points to its being a very common tree. We have not seen Mayr's Q. wutaishanica (Fremdl. Wald- & Parkbáume, 504, fig. 224 [1906]), but from his brief description and figure we strongly suspect that it is Q. mongolica Fischer with small leaves. : À picture of this Oak will be found under No. x425 of the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs. Quercus mongolica, var. grosseserrata Rehder & Wilson. : í Quercus crispula Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 298 (1850). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 104 (1863-64). — Franchet & Savatier Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 446 (1875). — Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 385 (1893); Forest Fl. Japan, 67 (1894). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 410, t. 7, fig. 5 (1895). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 26 (1912). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 164 (1912). 2 : grosseserrata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 306 (1850). — Miyabe in Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. IV. 7, 259 (Fl. Kurile Isl.) (1890). — Sargent in Gar- den & Forest, VI. 385 (1893); Forest Fl. Japan, 67 (1894). — Shirai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 410, t. 7, fig. 4 (1895). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 53, t. 27, fig. 16-28 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 74 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, ene 209 (Fl. Kor. IL.) (1911). Gaerne: eei Jap. II. pt. 2, (1912). — Miyabe and Miyake, Fl. Saghal. : Quercus crispula, B grosseserrata Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 104 (1863- 64). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 446 (1875). G NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Saghalien: without locality, 1861, P. von n. JAPAN. Hokkaido: Ishikari province, around Sapporo, August 23, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7416); same locality, September 1892, C. S. Sargent; same 232 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA (No. 7580; tree 20-30 m., girth 3-4 m.); Ugo province, slopes of Chokai-san, October 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7177); Uzen province, June 7, 1904, K. Saku- rai; Shimotsuke province, Nikko region, around Lake Chuzenji, September 3, 1892, C. S. Sargent; same locality, August 11, 1905, J. G. Jack; Shinano province, slopes of Tsubakura-dake, alt. 1000-1500 m., September 13, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7448). Kyushu: Hizen province, Nagasaki, 1863, C. Maximowicz (in Herb. Gray); slopes of Kirishima, alt. 500-1000 m., March 10, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6256); without locality, 1886, H. Mayr; without locality or collector ex Herb. Lugd.-Bat. in Herb. Gray as Q. crispula. With abundant material before us we find it impossible to separate this Oak specifically from Q. mongolica Fischer, and, indeed, we have doubts whether it is entitled to rank even as a variety. The less thickened scales of the cup, which is usually not fringed at the rim, and theusually more narrow acorn seem to be the prin- cipal differences. In extreme forms the few veins and the broad rounded teeth of one and the numerous veins and the narrow acute teeth of another look very dis- tinct, but there is every gradation between these extremes. In Japan Wilson paid much attention to this Oak, but was unable to discover any valid difference be- tween Q. crispula Blume and Q. grosseserrata Blume. The habit of the trees and the character of the bark are the same whether the trees are growing in Kyushu, Hondo or Hokkaido. Blume's principal difference appears to be in the number of the veins of the leaves, but this has no significance since it breaks down on almost every tree. Miyabe separates them on differences in the fruit, but such differences cannot be read into Blume's descriptions, since the fruits were unknown to him. Moreover, although such differences in the size of the cup as pointed out by Miyabe do exist, they are not constant, and Wilson found that the cups often varied on the same individual tree. Nor is there any taxonomie value in the fact that the cup falls with the acorn or sheds it. On the same individual both SEEN conditions occur, but most usually the acorn is shed first and the cup f: ater. This Oak grows through the length and breadth of Japan, but it is most abundant in the colder parts from central Hondo northward. It is especially plentiful in Hokkaido, where it is being rapidly felled, and it is the most important hardwood timber tree in northern Japan. The Japanese name is Nara, and the wood, though very durable, is for a hardwood fairly easily worked, and for making furniture it approximates in value the best European and American Oak timber, ranking com- mercially after Austrian or Hungarian Oak (Q. robur Linnaeus, Q. sessiliflora Salis- bury and Q. conferta Kitaibel) and Indiana Oak (Q. alba Linnaeus, Q. bicolor Wil- denow, Q. macrocarpa Michaux). In recent years a large and increasing trade in Nara lumber has developed, and every year it is exported from Hokkaido to Amer- ica and Europe for furniture making, flooring, panelling, etc., and to China, India, Australia, Egypt and other parts of Africa for railway ties. The demand annuall exceeds the supply, and in about a decade more the tree will be, commercially speaking, non-existent. Unfortunately it is not being replanted by the Japanese government foresters and the trees are mostly too old for a successful coppice growth to develop from the old stools. a The Nara grows from 25 to 30 m. tall, with a trunk from 2 to 4 m. in girth, and massive spreading branches forming a flattened crown. The bark is pale gray and scaly, but occasional old trees are found on which the bark is dark and furrowed very much as in Q. mongolica Fischer. a Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x234, x259, x261, x264, x265, x279, x300, x301, x302, x354, x407, x451, x458, x540 of the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs. An interesting account of wood of this Oak is to be found in the Timber Trades Journal, July 24, 1915. FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 233 Quercus liaotungensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 166 (1912); in Matsumura, Icon. Pl. Koisikav. I. 109, t. 55 (1912). Quercus golica, B liaotungensis Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 58 (1915). Quercus funebris Léveillé in litt. ex Nakai, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1915). Quercus undulatifolia Léveillé in litt. ex Nakai, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1915). Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 2000 m., August 13, 1913, F. N. Meyer (Nos. 1211, 40; low scrubby growth). It is possible that this is merely a form or state of Q. mongolica Fischer with very small leaves and fruits. The cup resembles that of Q. mongolica, var. grosseser- rata Rehder & Wilson, but is smaller. Unfortunately our material is insufficient to decide the question. I. 104 (1863-64). — De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 14 (1864). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 218 (1886). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 602 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, II. 21, t. 18 (1889). — Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 147 (1899), exclud. speciminibus e Tibet et Sutchuen. — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 164 (1912). Quercus aliena Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 505 (non Blume) (1899), quoad synon. Q. Griffithii. Quercus aliena, var. Griffithii Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 635 (1912). CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1600-1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11687, 12435, 12435; tree 6 m. tall). Skan üces this species to Q. aliena Blume, from which, however, the pubescent branchlets and the fringed rim of the cup of the fruit readily distinguish it. "A Quercus Griffithii Hooker f. & Thomson apud Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. Quercus phillyraeoides Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. VI. 406 (Bot. Jap.) (1859). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 104 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 39 (1864). — Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. I. 632 (1874). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 446 (1875). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 220 (1886). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 58, t. 31, fig. 1-12 (1900). — Seemen in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 290 (1900). Quercus Ilex, var phillyraeoides Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 152 (sphalmate " phyllireoides ") (pro parte) (1899). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 516 (1899). — Matsumura, Ind. Fl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 28 (sphalmate “ phylli- raeoides ") (1912). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 160 (sphalmate “ phyllireoides ”) (1912). phillyreoides, var. sinensis Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 643 (1912). CHINA. Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 363, small tree 6 m. tall). Szech’uan: Nanch’uan, August 25, 1891, A. von uel (No. 621). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong - No. 3482). : In central and western China this Oak, as far as is known, is rare. In Hupeh it grows on the cliffs of the gorges and glens at a low altitude, but in exposed situations. In Japan it is found from the neighborhood of Yokohama southward to Yakushima and in the warmer parts is common, especially on the seacoast. Usually it is a dense bush from 1 to 3 m. high, but occasionally it forms a small bushy tree from 6to8 m. tall. The leaves are coriaceous, dark green, quite glabrous, or with slight tomentum, usually finely serrate, sometimes quite entire or occasionally dentate in the apical part and slightly undulate on the margin. The fruit is bien- nial, very short-peduncled and subterminal in axils of the upper leaves of the Season’s growth; the cup is shallow with short closely appressed scales. 234 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA A specimen in the Gray Herbarium collected in the Liukiu Islands by C. Wright (No. 306) differs markedly from the type in the under surface of the leaves, which are clothed with a loose floccose gray tomentum. Franchet reduces this species to a variety of Q. Ilex Linnaeus and makes other Chinese Oaks varieties of Linnaeus’s species. In this he is followed by Skan, but both have overlooked the important character of the fruit. In Q. [lex it matures in one season, but in all the Asiatic Oaks referred to it as varieties by Franchet and Skan the fructification is biennial. Von Seemen (in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 289 (1900)) refers specimens collected by A. von Rosthorn at Nanch'uan, southeastern Szech’uan, to Q. Ilex and remarks that they resemble Kotschy’s var. lanceolata. His brief description suggests to us a species very closely related to Q. Franchetii Skan. We have seen no specimen of Quercus from China or any other part of eastern Asia that is in any sense referable to Q. Ilex Linnaeus, and we are strongly of the opinion that neither the species nor any of its varieties or forms grow there. Franchet and other authors evidently attached too much importance to the general appearance of the leaves and overlooked important characters in the fruit. In China there are a number of different species of Quercus in which the leaves exhibit the same varia- tions as are found on those of Q. Ilex. They are spiny or entire, pubescent or glabrous, according to the different ecological conditions under which they grow, and these same variations occur on different species of Oaks native of western North America. Quercus salicina Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IV. 305 (1850). — A. De Can- dolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 100 (pro parte) (1864). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 449 (1875). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 28 (1912) exclud. synon. Quercus glauca, 8 var. stenophylla Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IV. 303 (1850). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 448 (in nota) (1875). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 27 (1912). Cyclobalanops salicina Oersted in Kjoeb. Vedensk. Meddel. XVIII. 70 (1866). Quercus myrsinaefolia Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 59, t. 31, fig. 13-24 (non Blume) (1900). 5 Quercus stenophylla Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 17 (1910). — Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 62 (1915). Quercus stenophylla, var. salicina Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIV. 54 (1910). Cyclobalanopsis stenophylla Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 657 (1912). Quercus longinuz Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 292 (Mat. Fl. Formosa) (1911), fide Nakai. Quercus pseudo-myrsinaefolia, Hayata, l. c. 295 (1911), fide Nakai. eo stenophylla, var. salicina Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 657 Quercus angustissima Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 114 (1913). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, Hongno, August 1907, U. — BAG 1529); same locality, May and October 1909, Taguet (Nos. 2558, li 1). JAPAN. Kyushu: prov. Osumi, island of Yakushima, forests, alt. 300-1000 m., February 20, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6033; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 1.5-2.3 m.); Mt. Kirishima, woods, October 1914, T. Miyoshi (No. 7868 ex E. H. Wilson); without locality, ex Herb. Bot. Gard. Tokyo. Shikoku: prov. Tosa, Nanokawa April 25, 1888, K. Watanabe. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Takao-san, September 24, 1914, E. H. Wilson; without locality, ex Herb. Lugd.-Bat. (co-type of Quercus salicina Blume; in Herb. Gray); without locality, ex Herb. Lugd.-Bat. (co-type of Q. glauca, 8 var. stenophylla Blume; in Herb. Gray). Blume founded this species on a fragment the leaves of which are unusually nar- FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 235 row, mostly entire, and more or less rounded at the base, and in consequence it has remained obscure. His material on which he founded his Quercus glauca, 8 var. stenophylla is much more typical of the species. It consists of leafy branches with oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaves, attenuate at the base, from 1.2 to 2.7 cm. wide, and sharply toothed above the middle; the petioles are from 1 to 1.5 cm. long On specimens before us the leaves vary in width from 0.8 to 3 cm., are rounded or attenuate at the base, and the petioles vary from 0.5 to 2.5 em. in length. The leaves are whiter on the undersurface than those of the very closely related Q. glauca Thunberg, and the branchlets are always pale gray and not dark and purplish as in Thunberg's species. The fruit ripens in one season. In the Gray Herbarium there is a specimen from the Liukiu Islands, collected by C. Wright (No. 307) and named Q. salicina, but it is Q. Miyagii Koidzumi (in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 167 [1912]), a very distinct species. Pietures of Q. salicina will be found under Nos. x575, x578 of the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs. Quercus bambusifolia Hance in Jour. Bot. XIII. 364 (non Masters, nec Q. bam- busaefolia Fortune) (1875). Quercus salicina Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 415 (non Blume) (1852-57). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 321 (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 116 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 100 (1864), quoad plantam chinensem. — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 231 (1886). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 519 (1899). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 253 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Quercus bambusaefolia Hance apud Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 415, t. 91 (pro synon.) (1852-57). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. l. 116 (pro synon.) (1863-64). Cyclobalanopsis neglecta Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 650 (1912). Quercus neglecta Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 201 (1916). CHINA. Hongkong: without precise locality, common, November 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Bowen Road, January 14, 1904 (ex Herb. Hongk. Bot. Gard. No. US qan precise locality, C. Wilford; C. Wright (No. 466); H. F. Hance o. : We have before us a co-type of Blume’s Q. salicina, and it is obvious that Hance and Schottky are correct in considering the Hongkong plant distinct from the Jap- anese tree. The confusion was primarily caused by Blume basing his species on fragmentary material, but even the leafy shoots are quite different. In Blume’s co-type of his species the year-old shoot is pale gray, densely lenticellate and channelled; the leaves are slightly oblique and rounded or very abruptly narrowed and broadly cuneate at the base, the apex is acuminate and mucronate and the margin is entire or sparingly toothed above the middle; the petiole is from 5 to 12 mm. long. The Hongkong plant has dark purplish year-old branchlets, leaves attenuate at the base, rounded or more rarely obtuse at the apex, usually entire, but occasion- ally with one or two obscure rounded teeth, and petioles from 2to 5 mm. long. With complete material the differences are very great, but it is only necessary to mention here that in the Hongkong plant the fruit is very much larger and does not ripen until the second season, while the Japanese plant ripens its fruit in one season. Moreover, there is no species of Quercus of the section Cyclobalanops known from Japan in which the fruit does not ripen until the second year. There has been con- siderable confusion about Hance's name, but there never has been any doubt as to the plant he applied it to. Since Fortune's Q. bambusaefolia is à nomen nudum, and Master's Q. bambusifolia is a synonym of Q. myrsinaefolia Blume, Hance's name remains valid under the International rules. 4 236 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Quercus myrsinaefolia Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I. 305 (1850). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 117 (1863-64). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl Jap. Y. 449 (1875). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 28 (1912). Quercus bambusaefolia Fortune in Gard. Chron. 1860, 170 (nomen nudum, non Q. bambusifolia Hance). Quercus bambusifolia Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. I. 632 (non Hance) (1874). Quercus Vibrayeana Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. Y. 449 (1875); II. 498 (1879). — Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXII. 85 (1884). — Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 522 (1899). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 55, t. 29, fig. 16-31 (1900). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 30 (1912). Quercus acuta, var. bambusaefolia Nicholson in Kew Handlist Trees & Shrubs, pt. 2, 181 (1896). Quercus glauca Léveillé in litt. ex Nakai in T'okyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 62 (pro synon.; non Thunberg) (1915). Quercus Taquetii Léveillé, nov. hybr. ex Nakai; l. c. (pro synon.) (1915). Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 656 (1912). Cyclobalanopsis Vibrayeana Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 656 (1912). CHINA. Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 651; tree 6 m. tall). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, woods, 1000 m. alt., May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 573; tree 10 m. tall). Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 11698; tree 8 m. tall). Hongkong: without local- ity, November 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent; Repulse Bay, March 29, 1900 (ex Herb. Hongkong, No. 1704 in part); Little Hongkong woods, February 1905 (ex Hong- kong, No. 1704 in part); without locality or date, C. Ford. From Tokyo southward this is a common tree in Japan, and it is often planted for ornament or used for making tall hedges. In central China it is very rare. - The specimens from Hongkong are all labelled Q. glauca, but we have seen no material of the real Q. glauca Thunberg from that locality. In this herbarium there is a speci- men from J. Veitch & Sons of Q. bambusifolia Masters, sent by the late Mr. George Nicholson with the date October 13, 1880. This is identical with Blume’s * myrsinaefolia and there can no longer be any question that these plants are e same. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x36, x42, x47 of the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs. Quercus vestita Rehder & Wilson, n. nom. Quercus velutina Lindley apud Wallich, Pl. As. Rar. II. 41, t. 150 (non La- marck) (1831). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. I. 115 (1863-64). — A. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 99 (1864). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 487 (pro parte) (1877). — Wenzig in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, IV. 236 (1886). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 606 (1888). — King in Ann. Bot. Pe rr as . , II. 35, t. 29 a (1889). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 6). Cyclobalanopsis velutina Oersted in Kjoebenh. Vidensk. Meddel. XVIII. 71 (1866). — Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 651 (1912). A. Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1500-1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11675, 11675, 11675°, 116754, 11675°; tree 3-6 m. tall). This is a very interesting addition to the Chinese flora. Quercus Delavayi Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XIII. 158 (1899). — Skan in pe ee Soc. XXVI. 511 (1899). — Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 200 pi FAGACEAE. — QUERCUS 237 Quercus gilva Skan in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 514 (non Blume) (1899), quoad specimina Henryana. > Cyclobalanopsis Delavayi Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 657 (1912). Synaedrys Delavayi Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 191 (1916). CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtsze woods, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10504, 10504*; tree 6 m. tall). As Schottky points out, this species is easily distinguished from Q. gilva Blume by its biennial fruit. In addition to Henry's specimens Skan refers other material to Blume's species, but we have seen no material from China referable to this Japanese tree, and we doubt if it grows there. Quercus Schottkyana Rehder & Wilson, n. nom. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides Schottky in Bot. Jahrb. XLVII. 657 (1912). Quercus glaucoides Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXX. 200 (non Martens & Galeotti) (1916). CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, woods, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11770, 11770*, 116988, 116985; bush or tree 2-6 m. tall). Pee TS This species is very distinct from its allies and is characterized by its long female aments and by its very small acorn and cup. Schottky suggests that Q. glauca, var. villosa Skan may belong here, but to us this seems highly improbable, and we ER doubtful if Skan's plant is entitled to any rank to distinguish it from the ype. ULMACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. ULMUS L. Ulmus Wilsoniana Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. Yl. 904, fig. 565 e, 566 c-d (1912); in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ad descriptionem addenda: Arbor ad 17 m. alta; ramuli novelli hornotinique griseo-villosuli, annotini plus minusve glabrescentes, rubro-brunnei, lenticellis flavis sparse obtecti, vetustiores cinerascentes, paulo rimosi (interdum suberosi); gemmae ovatae, plus minusve acutae, perulis pluribus bicoloribus versus basim flavo-brunneis versus marginem purpurascentibus dorso vix pilosis margine tenuiter ciliatis obtectae. Folia (plantae maturae) ovata, late ovata v. ovato-elliptica, rarius obovato-oblonga, basi plus minusve rotunda v. semicordata satis asymmetrica, apice satis subito breviter acuminata, supra intense viridia, tantum in costa pilosa sed pleraque plus minusve scabra, in- terdum sublaevia, subtus in nervis elevatis lateris longioris (imo apice excluso) 16-18-22 et in costa griseo-villosula, in facie sparsius pilosa, barbulata (barbulis saepe valde indistinctis), praeterea saepe plus mi- nusve scabra, margine dupliciter crenato-serrata serraturis primariis saepe incurvatis, textura satis firma; petioli breves, 3-9 mm. longi, vil- losuli, suberassi. Inflorescentiae fasciculato-cymosae; flores nondum vidi. Samarae late obovatae, cireiter 16-19 mm. longae (pedicello excluso) et 13-14 mm. latae, undique (emarginatura excepta) glabrae, brevissime stipitatae; semina juxta emarginaturam sita; perigonia sub fructu remanentia glabra, lobis 4-5 brevibus latis griseo- et fulvo-ciliatis , instructa, sensim in partem glabram pedicelli transientia; pars infe- rior pedicelli pilosa parte superiore subaequilonga v. paulo longior; filamenta marcida staminum perigonio multo longiora; antherae non visae. Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 700 m., November 1907 (Nos. 745, 746; tree 10-17 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4 m.; sterile); same locality, woods, alt. 1200-1600 m., May 1907 (No. 2806; with ripe fruits and not yet fully grown leaves); same locality, moun- 238 ~~) ee ee ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 239 tains, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 677 in part, type; tree 10 m. tall, with ripe fruits and almost fully grown leaves [the sterile branchlets of this No. belong to U. castaneifolia]); Fang Hsien, woods, 2000-2500 m., November 1910 (No. 4442; living material). This species seems to be closely related to U. japonica Sargent. As far as I can judge from the material before me the color of the one-year-old branchlets and of the well-developed buds (as indicated in the key) seem to afford good characters to distinguish these two Elms. But there are glabrous forms of both which it is much more difficult to separate and which need further observations in the field. To the typical form of U. Wilsoniana may belong Ulmus sp. nov.? Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 448 (1894); E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900), the type of which is a sterile specimen collected by A. Henry in Wushan Hsien, eastern Szech'uan (No. 5537; ex Hemsley), and to which E. Pritzel refers with some doubt A. von Rosthorn’s No. 678 from southeastern Szech'uan * Nanch'uan, Ch'ien tsun kou, an Flussufern,” August 1891 (tree 12-15 m. tall; sterile). The leaves are described as lanceolate and minutely serrulate, and without having seen a specimen I cannot refer it to any of the Elms I have seen from central China. On the margins of moist woods and in thickets on the mountains of western Hupeh this Elm occurs, but is nowhere common. It is a tree of moderate size, growing from 15 to 25 m. tall, with a trunk from 1.5 to 3 cm. in girth and dark gray shallowly fissured bark. Usually the branches are rather slender and ascend- ing-spreading, forming a narrow crown, but on trees growing in more open country the branches are fairly stout and spreading. Quite commonly the branchlets are corky-winged. The species is in cultivation in this Arboretum from graftwood sent from Fang Hsien in 1910. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 573 of the collection of my photo- graphs and in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 493. E. H. W. Ulmus Wilsoniana, var. psilophylla Schneider, n. var. Arbor ad 23 m. alta, trunco cortice rugoso longitudinaliter fisso ob- tecto; ramuli etiam novelli glabri, annotini olivaceo-brunnescentes, vetustiores cinerascentes, rimosi, interdum suberosi (in No. 2802); gemmae adhue ignotae. Folia tantum juvenilia visa, obovata v. obo- vato-oblonga, basi angustata, subrotunda, plus minusve v. vix asym- metrica, apice subito in acumen distinctum contracta, supra glabra V. costa parcissime pilosa, subscabriuscula, subtus pallidiora, tantum axillis nervorum lateralium lateris longioris 17-20 distincte griseo-bar- bata, laevia v. vix scabriuscula, margine argute dupliciter serrata serra- turis primariis subincurvis, maxima ad 6.5 cm. longa et 3.2 em. lata; petioli satis graciles, ad 8 mm. longi, supra minute villosuli; stipulae anguste lanceolatae, petiolis longiores, mox caducae. Inflorescentiae ` fasciculato-cymosae; flores ignoti. Samarae (an satis maturae?) vix & typo diversae. Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1200-1600 m., fairly common, May 21, 1907 (No. 2803, type; tree 13-23 m. tall, girth 240 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 1.8-3 m., bark rough and splitting longitudinally; with fruits and not yet fully grown leaves); same locality, woods, alt. 1800 m., May 28, 1907 (No. 2802; tree 13 m. tall, girth 2.4 m.; sterile with young leaves, older parts of the branches somewhat corky). By the fruits this variety cannot be separated from the type, but the shape of the leaves is more obovate-oblong. Unfortunately I have seen no mature leaves, but there is a sterile branch collected by C. Silvestri in northern Hupeh “ Fan-sien, circa 800 m. s. m.," May 20 and June 3, 1906 (No. 360), which may belong to var. psilophylla. It can be described as follows: Ramuli foliiferi flavo-brunnei, basi minutissime puberuli, ceterum glabri, lenticellis sparsis obtecti, vetustiores cine- rascentes, laeves. Folia pleraque ovato-elliptica, basi rotundo-truncata v. sub- cordata paulo asymmetrica, apice subito breviter acuminata, supra scabra, tantum costa nervisque pro parte tenuissime pilosula, subtus in sicco vix pallidiora, plus minusve scabra, tantum axillis nervorum lateris longioris (imo apice excluso) 15-18 elevatorum barbulata, margine dupliciter serrata serraturis primariis subincurvis; petioli satis tenues, superne pilosuli, 3-6 mm. longi. For further remarks see U. japonica Sargent. Ulmus Bergmanniana Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 902, fig. 565 a-b, 566 a-b (1912); in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LX VI. (1916). Ulmus montana Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 448 (non Withering) (1894), quoad plantam Henryi.— E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). Ad descriptionem addenda: Arbor 10-23 m. alta; ramuli etiam no- velli glaberrimi, annotini olivaceo-brunnei v. rubro-brunnei, lenticellis flavis sparsis conspersi, deinde cinerascentes, laeves, ut videtur vix rimosi; gemmae satis evolutae, ovato-conicae, acutae, perulis dorso plerisque glabris intense purpurascentibus versus basim plus minusve discoloribus margine tenuissime ciliatis cinctae, petiolis aequilongae v. sublongiores. Folia obovata, obovato-oblonga, elliptiea v. rarius ovata, basim versus pleraque sensim paulo attenuata, basi rotunda sed distincte asymmetrica parte longiore deducta saepe petiolum et ramu- lum obtegente, apice subito fere eaudato-acuminata, supra intense vi- ridia, tantum in costa impressa sparse pilosa, ceterum glabra, sed plus minusve scabra, subtus pallidiora, tantum axillis nervorum lateralium elevatorum lateris longioris (imo apice excepto) (15—)17-23 plus mi- nusve albo-barbulata ceterum tantum distincte scabra, margine dupli- citer serrata serraturis primariis acutis saepissime incurvatis, minora 7-10 em. longa, 3.5-5 cm. lata, majora ad 12:6.5 cm. v. ramulorum sterilium ad 16:7 cm. magna; petioli satis tenues, glabri v. superne pilo- suli, 2-7 mm. longi. Inflorescentiae pilosae, fasciculato- v. fructiferae paulo elongato-cymosae, circiter 12-florae; perigonia glabra, lobis ob- ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 241 longis ad medium v. paulo ultra incisis apice ciliatis intensius coloratis, 4-5 instructa; stamina 4-5, filamentis satis elongatis, antheris ob- longis; pars superior pedicellorum parte inferiore pilosa vix v. paulo brevior. Samarae late obovatae v. obovato-rotundae, basi in stipitem perigonio breviorem subito contractae, apice interdum leviter emargi- natae, fere clausae, emarginatura pilosa brevi instructae, ceterum glaberrimae, circiter 1.3-1.8 em. longae et 1.3-1.5 em. latae; semina in centro samarae sita, ab emarginatura distincte remota. Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, side of streams, alt. 800 m., April 1907 (No. 743; tree 7-17 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.8 m.; with flowers, without leaves); same locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 320, co-type; with fruits and leaves); same locality, alt. 1800 m. (Veitch Exped. Seed No. 305; young plants in eultivation); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 1600 m., May 1907 (No. 2804; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 1.2 m.; with young fruits and leaves); same locality, July 1907 (No. 2804"; sterile); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, rare, alt. 1600-1800 m., June 3, 1907 (No. 2805; thin tree 12 m. tall, girth 0.6 m., with fruits and leaves); same locality, woods, alt. 1600 m., May 31, 1907 (No. 2805"; small tree, 10 m. tall, with fruits and leaves); same locality, mountains, rare, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1855, type; tree 7 m. tall, with fruits and leaves); Fang Hsien, in ravine, alt. 1600-2400 m., June 16, 1910 (No. 44425; tree 23 m. tall, girth 6 m., very large head; sterile. Eastern Szech’uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5690; with fruits and leaves). A well-marked species which certainly seems to be more closely related to the Himalayan U. Brandisiana Schneider than to U. laciniata Mayr from northeastern Asia or to U. glabra Hudson from Europe and western Asia. The following is a hairy variety, the leaves of which sometimes resemble those of typical U. japonica Sargent, but may be easily distinguished by their very short petioles. This Elm is fairly common above 800 m. alt. in moist woods throughout western Hupeh and eastern Szech’uan. As usually seen it is a low tree with a slender trunk and thin, spreading branches, but trees from 25 to 28 m. tall and from 4 to 6 m. in girth of trunk, with massive widespreading branches, are occasionally met with. The bark is dark gray with shallow fissures and is rather scaly. In Hupeh the colloquial name for this and the other species of Elm is Lang shu. This species is in cultivation in this Arboretum and in Kew from seeds I sent to Messrs. Veitch in 1900. i A picture of this tree will be found under No. 091 of the collection of my photo- graphs. E. H. W. Ulmus Bergmanniana, var. lasiophylla Schneider, n. var. A typo praecipue recedit foliis etiam adultis subtus in costa nervis- que facieque villosis v. interdum autumno in facie glabrescentibus, 242 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA petiolis distinctius pilosis, fructibus stipitibus quam perigonium subduplo longioribus suffultis. Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, woods, alt. 2200 m., July 1908 (No. 820, type; tree 17 m. tall, girth 1.8 m.; with ripe fruits and good leaves); near Wa-shan, roadside, alt. 1600 m., September 9, 1908 (No. 1423; tree 27 m. tall, girth 2.4 m.; sterile, leaves very rough on both sides, up to 15.5 em. long and 7 em. broad); southeast of Tachien-lu, alt. 2400 m., woods, October 1910 (No. 4360; tree 8-10 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.; sterile, leaves very rough, but a little more glabrous beneath). This seems to be a distinct variety, and it may even represent a species. The young twigs are glabrous, and the winter-buds are glabrous or slightly hairy. The shape of the leaves is scarcely different from that of the type, the compound serration being very similar. The main teeth usually possess 3-4 small, rather sharp secondary teeth. The most distinct character is found in the fruit, which, on account of its long stipe, much resembles that of U. Brandisiana Schneider. This tree is not common, but is found scattered over a wide area in western Szech'uan. In habit and in general appearance it differs in no way from the type species. It is in cultivation in this Arboretum from living material I sent in 1908 under No. 1423. A picture will be found under No. 349 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 492. E. H. W. Ulmus pumila Linnaeus, Spec. 226 (1753), exclud. synon. Plukenet. — Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. 76, t. 48, fig. A, C, E (1784), exclud. plantas e Ros- sia et forma suberosa e Sibiria.! — Aiton, Hort. Kew, I. 320 (1789). — Willdenow, Berlin Baumz. 395 (1796); Spec. I. pt. 2, 1326 (1798), exclud. synon. pro parte. — Persoon, Syn. I. 291 (1805). — Plan- chon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 271 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 159 (1873). — Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 368 (1854), exclud. var. 8; Fl. Baical-Dahur. 95 (1856), exclud. var. B8. — Maack & Ruprecht in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, XV. 375 (1857); in Mél. Biol. II. 556 (1858). — Trautvetter 1n Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 248 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 78 (Pl. David. I. 268) (1884). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. H. 27 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 135 (1893). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIV. 139 (1895). — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1 Pallas includes three different forms. His “A. Ulmus pumila Rossiae australis,” t. 48, fig. D, Eis U. foliacea Gilibert; * B. Ulmus pumila transbaicalensis" repre- sents the true U. pumila with exception of the branch with corky wings (fig. B), which apparently belongs to U. japonica, var. levigata Schneider. Pallas did not describe a variety transbaicalensis, as Henry, l. c., cites, for “transbaicalensis” is not printed in italics and is used only as a geographical term. ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 243 1200 (1897). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 85 (Fl. Mansh. IL) (1903). — Schneider, II. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 221, fig. 137 m-p, 139 i-k (1904); in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 551 (1911). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 189 (Fl. Kor. IL) (1911). — Henry ! in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1926, t. 411, fig. 1 (1913). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 619 (1914). Ulmus humilis Gmelin apud Amman, Stirp. Rar. Ruth. 180 (1739). — Gmelin, Fl. Sibir. III. 105 (1768). — Lamarck, Encycl. Méth. IV. 611 (1797), exclud. synon. Plukeneti. Ulmus pumila *microphylla Persoon, Syn. 291 (1805). Ulmus campestris, var. parvifolia Loudon, Arb. Brit. IIT. 1377, fig. 1230 (1838), pro parte, non U. parvifolia Jacquin! — Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 555 (1864). eed microphylla Persoon? ex Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1337 (pro synon.) 1838). Ulmus campestris, B suberosa, b. pumila Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 647 (1850), tantum pro parte! — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 44 (Pl. Radd.) (pro parte) (1892). A Ulmus campestris, a vulgaris, lusus d. pumila Regel in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, IV. 134 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (1861), exclud. synon. pro parte! — Korshinsky in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 387 (1892). Ulmus campestris, 8 pumila Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 290 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 23 (1873). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). Ulmus campestris Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 446 (pro parte, non Linnaeus) (1894). Kiangsi: Kuling, roadsides, abundant, alt. 1700 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1565; tree 5-8 m. tall; sterile, young shoots pubescent). West- ern Szech’uan: Tung-chuan Fu, cultivated, alt. 1600 m., July 1910 (No. 4612; tree 10-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.5 m., bark deeply corrugated; sterile. Shantung: Chifu, September 27, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile; young shoots hairy). Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1600 m., August 30, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1385; leaves small, narrow-lanceolate, rough on both sides, petioles short, shoots pubes- cent, a somewhat doubtful form); Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 96; sterile); " Cal-ceen-wong," 1910, W. Purdom (No. 61; sterile); Peking, Temple of Agriculture, September 15, 1903, C. S. Sargent (with mature leaves and flowers); same locality, park of Temple of Heaven, ! See no $ Pasce Ix a species U. microphylla, as usually stated by different, authors. He only says in his remarks on U. pumila: "Sequens quae in horto Celsii colitur diversa species videtur.” According to the quotation “U. Pumila, 8 transbaicalensis. Pall.l.c. fig. A. B. C. E." his variety is to be regarded as typical U. pumila, but he may include, as Pallas did, some other shrubby forms. 244 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA April 19, 1909, E. H. Wilson (tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 1.8-3 m., bark rough, deeply furrowed; with flowers, leaflets); same place, May 1910 (No. 4000, seeds only); same locality, on city wall, April 18, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 923; with very young leaves and fruits); same locality, May 20, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 928; sterile, “var. fol. varie- gatis"; the hairy dark-colored branchlets somewhat resemble U. parvifolia Jacquin); near Peking, “common Elm of the Peking plain,” October 7, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile and with flower-buds); same locality, October 9, 1905, J. G. Jack (one-year-old plants with 5-6 pairs of opposite leaves); Peking plain, “ common Elm,” W. Purdom (with ripe fruits and young leaves and sterile; young branchlets hairy); Nankow, October 6, 1905, J. G. Jack (with mature leaves and flower-buds). NORTHEASTERN ASIA: Mandshuria: south of Harbin, August 29, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile, leaves up to 8.5 cm. long and 3.8 em. broad); on plain east of the Khingan mountains, very common, September 15, 1903, C. S. Sargent (tree 10-13 m. tall, pale bark, round head of pendulous branches; sterile). Transbaicalia: Nertchinsk, 1849, Sentinoff (with fruits); bank of stream near Sryetensk, August 13, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile); in montibus transbaicalensibus, 1829, N. Turczaninow (with young fruits; there is on the sheet in Herb. Gray a branch with mature leaves which are very rough, roundish-ovate, up to 7 cm. long and 5 em. broad and with a coarse dentation, which may belong to U. japonica Sargent). -Amur: “ad. fl. Amur,” 1855, R. Maack (No. 103, with very young fruits and leaves). I have not seen a specimen from Korea, where it was found by Komarov and Nakai. U. pumila is not recorded from Japan nor from the Altai, but it is apparently common in Turkestan, where it is represented by the very closely related var. Arborea Litwinow (see p. 262). Some of the specimens enumerated above may be- long to U. glaucescens Franchet (see p. 263), which seems to be a very similar Species. Ulmus pumila is common in the form of a bush or low bushy tree on the Lushan mountains in Kiangsi, but I never met with it in Hupeh and only with two or three doubtfully wild trees in Szech’uan. It does not grow in Japan, but is common in Mandshuria and Transbaical. In northern China it is widely distributed, hav- ing been reported from the shores of the gulf of Chili westward to Chinese Turkestan. In and around Peking this Elm is abundant, and in the park surrounding the Temple of Heaven many fine old trees may be seen. It is a rather low tree, growing from 10 to 16 m. tall, with a short trunk from 1.3 to 2.6m. in girth; the bark is rough and deeply corrugated, and the branches are spreading and ascending-spreading and form a bushy crown. Under cultivation in this Arboretum it grows rapidly and makes a neat and shapely tree. E. H. W. Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin, Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. III. 6, t. 262 (1798). — Willdenow, Hort. Berol. I. 295 (1809), quoad synon. Jacquin; Berlin. Baumz. ed. 2, 521 (1811), quoad synon. Jacquin. — Poiret, Encycl. Méth. Suppl. IV. 189 (1816). — Roemer in Roemer & Schultes, ae ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 245 Syst. Veg. VI. 302 (1820). — Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 280 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 161 (1873). — K. Koch, Dendr. YI. pt. 1, 423 (1872). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 292 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 25 (1873). — Fran- chet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. Y. 431 (1875). — Franchet in Mém. Soc. Nat. Cherbourg, XXIV. 253 (1882), ex Hemsley. — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 34, fig. 11 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 134 (1893). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 448 (1894). — Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. Suppl. 85 (List Pl. Formosa) (1896). — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1203 (1898). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 68, t.37, fig. 1-9 (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 222, fig. 137 g-s, 139 b-d (1904); in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). — Ph. de Vilmorin, Hort. Vilm. 52 (1906). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 369 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- & Parkbüume, 524 (1906) exclud. figura.! — Mottet in Rev. Hort. 1909,397, fig. 167-168. — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 189 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 33 (1912). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 242 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1928, t. 411, fig. 5 (1913). — Daveau in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1914, 26, fig. 1, e, e’, fig. A-A”. — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. YI. 619 (1914). Ulmus chinensis Persoon, Syn. I. 291 (1805).— Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Muscav. 558 (1864). Planera parvifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, 464 (1830). Ulmus virgata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 67 (1832). Ulmus campestris, var. parvifolia Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1377 (1838), quoad Synonyma pro parte. Ulmus campestris, var. chinensis Loudon, l. c. fig. 1231 (1838). ; Microptelea parvifolia Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XV. 358 (1841); Hist. Vég. XI. 113 (1842). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. Abt. 3, 224 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 100) (1846). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.- Bat. III. 65 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 253 (1867). ? Ulmus Shirasawana Daveau in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1914, 27, fig. 1, b, c, c'. Western Hupeh: around Ichang, common, alt. 300-600 a? October 1907 (Nos. 2801, 726, living material; tree 8-20 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.5 m.; leafy branchlets with unripe fruits); same locality, A. .,' Mayr’s fig. 244 shows a fruiting branchlet of which the samaras are very much € those of U. levis Pallas, and the leaves are not those of U. parvifolia. I sup- Dose Mayr made a mistake in figuring a piece of the European U. levis, which does not occur in eastern Asia. 246 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Henry (No. 3219; old leafy branchlets with ripe fruits); Paokang Hsien, mountains, October 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 2650; tree 7 m. tall; leafy branches with flowers); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7518; leafy branchlets with fruits). North-central China: Kusan, Hugh Scallan (sterile). Northern Shensi: “ In-kia-po,” October 1897, G. Giraldi (leafy branchlets with fruits). Chili: Pe- king, Temple of Heaven grounds, September 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 187; a tall, spreading Elm, with many small branches bearing small leaves and flowering in fall, in winter the bark peels off in curiously formed pieces; leafy branchlets with flowers); Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1800 m., August 30, 1903, F. N. Meyer (No. 1385; sterile); Shimen, in crevices of decomposed slate rock, August 2, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1069; sterile). Kiangsu: Shanghai, cultivated, October 15, 1905, J.G. Jack (leafy branchlets with fruits). Fokien: Amoy, H. F. Hance (No. 1414; leafy branchlets with fruits). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 1529; tree 10 m. tall; leafy branchlets with young fruits). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Fusan, temple grounds, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile); Quelpaert, “ circa Hongno, rara," July 1907, U. Faurie (No. 2008; sterile, leaves small, narrow, acuminate); “ in sepibus Hongno," June 1909, Taquet (No. 3268; with a few old fruits, similar to the foregoing specimen); “in sylvis Sampargtan," October 1908, T'aquet (No. 1334; leafy branchlets with young fruits, typical). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Tokyo, Garden Agricultural College, Octo- ber 9, 1892, C. S. Sargent (leafy branchlets with flowers); Itabashi, September 6, 1907 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with young fruits); Hanno, September 1908 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.; with flowers); Tokyo, November 1909 (ex Herb. Yoko- hama Nursery Co.; leafy branchlets with fruits); Meguro, December 1914, H. Shirasawa (“ bark: lenticels clear, cracked, narrow, scales small and thin "; leaf- less branchlets with ripe fruits); same place and date, H. Shirasawa (“ bark coarse, lenticels not clear, scales little larger"; leafless branchlets with fruits); Momo- yama, near the emperor Meiji’s tomb, December 5, 1914, H. H. Wilson (No. 7856; small bushy tree, 8 m. tall, girth 0.9 m., leaves said to fall early in the spring; leafy branchlets with fruits); prov. Yamashiro, Nara, temple grounds, 1892, C. S. Sar- gent (small tree, 7 m. tall; leafy branchlets with fruits). Kyushu: prov. Hizen, Nagasaki, 1863, C. Mazimowicz (leafy branchlets with fruits); without locality, 1842, P. de Siebold (ex Herb. Zuccarini as Planera; sterile); without locality (ex Herb. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. as Microptelea; leafy branchlets with fruits). Daveau (in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1914, 21) describes besides U. Shirasawana, mentioned above, U. Sieboldii (l. c. 26, fig. 1, d-d’ and B-B”), which is said to represent the true U. japonica Siebold in Verh. Batav. Gen. XII. 28 (nomen nudum, non Sargent) (1830). I have failed to detect sufficient differences between the three species proposed by Daveau even to keep them as distinct forms. The characters on which he has founded his species are too variable. Of U. Sieboldii the samaras are said to be larger, 15 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, the leaves are deciduous, and the bark is persistent not “s’exfoliant annuellement par plaques." I have not seen any fruits longer than 12 mm., although often as broad as 8-9 mm., their shape and ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 247 the length of the stipe being very variable, as are also the dentation and shape of theleaves. Daveau, in his key, says that the typical U. parvifolia has 16-20 pairs of lateral nerves and the perigones are more or less reddish or red, while in U. Shirasawana the number of the lateral nerves is only 8-10, the perigones being more or less greenish or yellowish.. I have failed to see a specimen with more than 16 pairs of lateral nerves, and I do not believe that the color of the perigone is of any importance in distinguishing even a form. U. Sieboldii Daveau may represent a variety if the large fruits and the different bark prove to be constant; otherwise I cannot accept these new species. At low altitudes this species is common in western Hupeh, especially in the neigh- borhood of the city of Ichang. On rich soil and near water-courses it grows fully 25 m. tall and has a trunk from 1.5 to 2.5 m. in girth and clear of branches for half its height. The bark is gray and smooth, and on old trees peels off in roundish patches showing the brown inner bark; on young trees it is merely scaly. The branches are numerous and slender and form a rather broad, rounded crown. In open country it is a low broad-topped tree with a trunk seldom more than 1 m. in girth. It also grows on the cliffs of the glens and gorges in western Hupeh and in eastern Szech'uan, where it is usually a bush. It flowers in September and the fruit ripens in October. The leaves are retained late into the autumn and often assume rich shades of red and purple; in localities where the climate is warm and moist theleaves on individual trees sometimes remain quite green through the winter and fall as the young leaves unfold in the spring. Japanese botanists consider this Elm indigenous in Japan, but I saw there only planted trees and not very many of them. At Meguro, near Tokyo, I saw the tree from which came the material on which U. Shirasawana Daveau is based, but I could detect no valid difference between it and the typical U. parvifolia Jacquin, trees of which grew near by. Pictures of U. parvifolia Jacquin will be found under Nos. 474, 635 and 654 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 494 and 495. E. H. W. CONSPECTUS SECTIONUM SPECIERUMQUE ASIAE ORIENTALIS NEC NON HIMALAYAE.: Perigonia circiter Y v. ad medium (rarius ultra medium) incisa, lobis late oblongis v. fere rectangulis haud v. vix 2-214-plo longioribus quam latis. Folia fere Sect. I semper decidua. Flores vere apparentes . . . e MADOCARPUS. mina ab emarginatura samarae distincte remota, plus minusve in centro samarae sita (confer etiam 14. U. pumilam) . . Subsect. 1. GLABRAE. Samarae undique pilosae et ciliatae ...... - Ser. a. WALLICHIANAE. Pedicellorum? pars superior nuda perigonio et parte inferiore pilosa circiter 2-3-plo longior. iter pilosae et satis sparse ciliatae. plo longior. Samarae tenuiter p 15 Irc Wolichiona. 1 To present the distinguishing characters more clearly the two European species, U. foliacea Gilibert and U. ies Hudson, which have been constantly confused With certain species of eastern Asia, have been included in the key. = * The pedicels of the flowers are articulated, the part above the joint being Mostly glabrous and more or less gradually passing into the perigone, while the Part below the joint is mostly pilose, like the peduncle of the inflorescence. The perigone " forms that part of the flowers which surrounds the stamens and the varies, which are inserted on the top of the pedicel at the very base of the perigone. ` 248 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Pedicellorum pars superior parte inferiore plus minusve aequilonga v. brevior. Inflorescentia fasciculata, 10-15-flora; perigonia in facie partesque superi- ores pedicellorum fere glabra. Samarae maturae lanceolatae, circiter 1-1.2 em. longae. Folia (fide Brandis) ovato-oblonga, 4—11 cm. longa, glabra. uve cau dob eel a eee motae 2. U. villosa. Inflorescentia fasciculata (fide Hance) 5-9-flora; perigonia in facie et pedi- cellorum partes superiores plus minusve distincte puberulae. Samarae maturae circiter 2.5 cm. longae. Folia ramulorum fertilium rhomboideo- subrotunda, ad 5 cm. longa, subtus pilosa et barbata. 3. U. macrocarpa. Samarae maturae undique glabrae . . . . . . . . . . Ser. b. EUGLABRAE. Inflorescentia plus minusve elongato-cymosa; pedicellorum pars superior parte inferiore pilosa v. perigonio saepe ad 2-214-plo longior v. sama- rarum maturarum stipites distincti perigonio circiter duplo longiores. Folia satis lanceolato-elliptica, circiter 214-plo longiora quam lata; POOL circiter. Pom: longi .—- es ee 4. U. Brandisiana. Inflorescentia fasciculata (v. in U. Bergmanniana et U. Uyematsui paulo elongata); pedicellorum pars superior parte inferiore pilosa v. pergionio vix longior v. subbrevior. Samararum maturarum stipites perigonio breviores v. rarius in U. Bergmanniana var. lasiophyllalongiores. Petioli plerique breviores. : Pedicelli fructiferi toti 5-7 mm. longi . . . ... 5. U. Uyematsut. Pedicelli fructiferi toti 2-4 mm. longi. : Samarae late obovatae v. obovato-rotundae. Ramuli annotini brunnei v. rubro-brunnei, etiam hornotini glabri v. perulae gemmarum dorso glabrae. Folia obovato-oblonga, obovato-elliptica v. elliptica. - 6. U. Bergmanniana. Samarae elliptico- v. obovato-oblongae v. elliptico-rhomboideae. Ra- muli hornotini annotinique fere semper pilosi, saepe scabri v. gem- marum perulae in dorso pilosae v. folia distinctius obovata v. apice 3(—-5)-lobata. Ramuli novelli plus minusve hirsuti v. annotini distincte brunnes- centes. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum nunquam apice trilobata. 7. U. glabra. Ramuli novelli vix hirsuti v. cito glabri, annotini plerique grisei v. flavescentes. Folia etiam ramulorum fructiferorum pro pt apice 3(—-5)-lobate-< — er 2. 2a. $4 8. U. laciniata. Semina apice samarae juxta emarginaturam sita v. tantum paulo ab ea remota (et tantum in fructibus satis brevibus et latis U. pumilae in centro samarae ERA) o ee ee ee Subsect. 2. FOLIACEAE. Pedicellorum pars inferior pilosa parte superiore subaequilonga v. brevior, vix v. rarius ea v. perigonio paulo longior (v. folia non coriacea lucida- que et non simpliciter obtuse serrata). oe Samarae pleraeque obovatae v. satis anguste ellipticae, interdum in disco seminitego pilosae, v. folia satis magna, nervis utrinsecus 16 v. ultra instructa, basi distincte inaequalia, margine dupliciter serrato-dentata. Ser.a. NITENTES. Samarae undique glabrae (v. in U. japonica tantum juveniles in disco parce pilosae). A Samarae oblongo-ellipticae, circiter duplo longiores quam latae. Folia lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, subtus tantum in axillis nervorum lateralium (lateris longioris 18-24, apice satis sensim producto incluso) barbata, coriacea. Gemmae apice ramulorum obovato- ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 249 oblongae, subacutae, perulis concoloribus purpurascentibus ciliatis et im facie pilosis 2 < oao os eae 299 00 9. U. castaneifolia. Samarae obovato-oblongae v. obovatae, haud duplo longiores quam latae v. folia subobovata ovato-oblongave, satis subito apiculata et latere longiore (imo apice excluso) nervis paucioribus instructa. Folia majora in latere longiore nervis 18 v. ultra instructa. Gemmae perulis bicoloribus in parte superiore intensius coloratis obtectae, ramuli annotini brunnescentes v. purpurascentes. Samarae late ODOVAGAG |. 005 ee Qu. ee 10. U. Wilsoniana. Folia majora in latere longiore nervis 8-14(-16) instructa v. gemmae perulis concoloribus obtectae et ramuli annotini plus minusve cinereo-brunnei v. grisei. Samarae plus minusve oblongo-obo- vatae v. late ellipticae. Ramuli hornotini autumno v. etiam annotini floriferique plus minusve pilosi, saepe scabri, flavescentes v. cinereo-brunnescentes v. glabrescentes et distinctius rubescentes. Folia subtus villosula v. glabra et tantum barbulata, obovata et basim versus pleraque satis angustata (sensim cuneata) v. circuitu elliptica et ima basi vix v. minus distincte quam in formis speciei sequentis asym- metrica. (Samarae interdum in disco parce pilosae.) 12. U. japonica. Ramuli hornotini et annotini sparse v. non pilosi, plerique plus minusve distincte rubescentes v. flavo-rubri v. fere purpurei. Folia matura subtus pleraque tantum barbata, forma variabilia sed basi saepissime distincte asymmetrica? . .11. U. foliacea. Samarae maturae in disco seminitego distincte pilosae et etiam in facie plus minusve sparse pilosae sed versus marginem glabrae. Folia ma- tura ut videtur iis U. japonicae subsimilia . . . . 13. U. Davidiana. elliptico-rotundae v. late ellipticae, glaberrimae. Folia satis parva, maxima vix ad 6 cm. longa et 3 em. lata, nervis utrinsecus 6-14, serraturis obtusioribus brevioribusque saepe subsimplicibus. Ser. b. PUMILAE. Samarae vix plus quam 15 mm. longe .. . . . .. 14. U. pumila Samarae (fide Franchet) 2-2.5 cm. longae. . . . . 15. U. glaucescens. "u 16. U. lanceacfolia. Perigonia fere ad basim fissa, lobis lanceolatis, saepe 3-4-plo longioribus quam latis, Sub fruetu pleraque caduca; inflor tiae fasciculato-cy : cellorum pars inferior pilosa brevissima v. parte superiore glabra haud plus quam duplo longior. Samarae glabrae; semina in centro sita. Folia saepe subpersistentia. res autumno hyemeveapparentes . . . . . - Sect. II. MICROPTELEA. 17. U. parvifolia. * The description of the leaves in the key always refers to leaves of mature Plants, leaves of young sterile plants being often very different and much alike in different species. 250 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS NEC NON HIMALAYAE.! Sect. I. MADOCARPUS Dumortier, Prodr. Fl. Belg. 25 (1827). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1848 (1913). — Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ulmus, sect. Dryoptelea Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XV. 301 (1841). Ulmus, subgen. Dryoptelea Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 260 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 156 (1873). — Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. 1, 62 (1888). — Sargent, N. Am. Silva, VII. 40 (1895). Ulmus, subgen. Euulmus K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 405 (1872). Ulmus, subgen. Euulmus, sect. Dryoptelea Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 22 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 135 (1893). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 216 (1904). Ulmus, sect. A. Euulmus, II. Madocarpus Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. TV. 550 (1911). 4 This section contains the largest number of species, but it is represented in the New World only by U. fulva Michaux. Subsect. a. GLABRAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ulmus, series Glabrae Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 89 (emend.) (1914). — This subsection is well marked by the position of the seeds in the samara, as in- dicated in the key, p. 247. Series a. WALLICHIANAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). The species of this group, which are confined to India and eastern Asia, need further observation. 1. Ulmus Wallichiana Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 277 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 158 (1873). — Brandis, For. Fl. Ind. 432, t. 51 (1874); Ind. Trees, 594 (ut videtur pro parte) (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 480 (pro parte) (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 455 (probabiliter tantum pro parte) (1902). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 627, t. 13, fig. 1 (pro parte?) (1902). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 216, in adnot. (1904), II. 902, fig. 565 g (1912); in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ulmus erosa Wallich, Cat. No. 3546 (nomen nudum) (non Roth) (1831). INDIA. Kashmir: Kishtwar, “ reg. temp. alt. 8-10000 ped.," T. Thomson (ex. Herb. Ind. Or. sub nom. U. campestris macrophylla; with fruits). Kumaon: without precise locality, R. Blinkworth (type, ex Herb. Wallich No. 3546; fide Planchon). 3 According to Planchon’s description the fruits of U. Wallichiana are hairy only upon the disk containing the seed, while the wing and the margins are glabrous. Unfortunately, I did not see Wallich’s specimen No. 3546. Brandis (1874) de- scribes the samara as “ pubescent,” and the plant before me agrees well with his plate and also with Planchon’s description of the leaves and other parts. Hooker t (1888) says: "Samara . . . glabrous or disk puberulous.” I have not seen any Elm from India with fruits hairy only upon the disk. There may be some mistake in Planchon’s and Hooker’s statements; otherwise such a variability in the pubescence of the fruit would be a strange fact in the genus. The Elms of British India are still imperfectly known and need careful observation in the field. 1 Ulmus Cavaleriei Léveillé is Pteroceltis Tatarinowii Maximowicz; see under Pteroceltis. ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 251 2. Ulmus villosa Brandis in 7nd. Forester, XXV. 230 (1899); Ind. Trees, 594, fig. 185 (1906). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 628 (1902). — Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ulmus campestris Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 433 (pro parte, non Linnaeus vel Auct. Al.) (1874). Ulmus campestris Smith, var., Aitchison in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 93 (1880). Ulmus Wallichiana Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 480 (pro parte, non Planchon) (1888). INDIA. Kashmir: Kulu (or Kullu), D. Brandis (with unripe fruits and with- out leaves; co-type); same locality, October 1876, D. Brandis (“a large tree,” ex Brandis); Bussahir, “at 6500 ft. in May 1881," D. Brandis (ex Brandis); Kunawar, “near Tranda at 7000 ft.,” D. Brandis; Thelum River, “between 5000 and 7000 ít," J. E. T. Aitchison (“a good sized tree"; ex Brandis). Punjab: Pabar Valley, “at an elevation of 4000 ft.” May 1881, D. Brandis (ex Brandis). AFGHANISTAN. Kurrum Valley, “in the woods at 7000-9000 ft., not com- mon," 1879, J. E. T. Aitchison (No. 677; sterile). : I am not quite sure whether all the specimens mentioned by Brandis belong to this species or partly to U. Brandisiana Schneider. Aitchison’s No. 677 seems to be U. villosa, the leaves of which I know only from Brandis's description and fig- ure. His description being somewhat incomplete, I think it best to describe No. 677 as follows: Arbor magna; ramuli hornotini flavo-rubri, tenuissime scabri, vetustiores laevi, cinerascentes, deinde nigrescentes, rimosi ; gemmae nondum satis evolutae parvae, ovatae, puberulae, in perularum margine fulvo-ciliatae. Folia obovata v. obovato-oblonga, basi cuneata v. rotundata, paulo v. vix asymmetrica, apice satis subito in acumen brevem contracta, supra viridia, plus minusve scabra, tantum in costa incisa sparse pilosa, subtus in sicco vix pallidiora, scabra, axillis nervorum 11-14 (imo apice excluso) albo-barbata, minora obovata v. elliptica, 4-7 em. longa et 3-4.5 em. lata, maxima obovato-oblonga, 8-12 cm. longa et 5-6.5 em. lata, margine lobulato-serrata serraturis primariis dorso dentibus 2-4 instructis; petioli 3—7 mm. longi, satis tenues, praesertim in sulco ventrali pilosa. . Bee also my remarks on No. 403 of Aitchison under Ulmus spec. on p. 265. It 15 extremely difficult to determine an Ulmus from sterile specimens alone. 3. Ulmus macrocarpa Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 332 (November 1, 1868). — Plan- chon in Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, LXXIV. pt. 1, 1498 (1872); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 162 (1873). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIIL. 289 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 22 (1873). — Franchet in Now. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VIL 78, t. 8, fig. c (Pl. David. I. 268) (1884). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 447 (1894). — Komarovin Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 81 (Fl. Mansh. IL.) (1903). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 190 (Fl. Kor. IL.) (1911). — Schneider, 7U. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 904, fig. 566 h (1912). Ulmus sp. novae 2 Maximowicz in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 477 (Prim. Fl. Amur. Ind. Fl. Pekin.) (nomen nudum) (1859), fide Maximowiez. ?Ulmus rotundifolia Carriére in Rev. Hort. 1868, 374, fig. 40 (October 1, 1868). CHINA. Chili: “in montosis prope Jehol,” A. David (No. 1718, ex Plan- chon, and Herb. Hance, No. 14538, ex Hance, type); Nankou Pass, November 1905, F. N. Meyer (No. 208; sterile branch with corky wings); Nankou, rocky cliffs, July 27, 1913, F. N. Meyer (without No.; of shrubby growth; branches winged as in No. 208, leaves very small); near Shimen, rocky crevices and loess cliffs, August 3, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1088; apparently the same as the preceding en, but the leaves partly larger); Shiling, January 25, 1908, F. N. Meyer (No. 252 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 231; according to Meyer’s note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Industr., No. 187, 48, No. 22364 [1909], “ a shrubby Elm, often having irregular corky wings along its branches. Grows on very dry and rocky mountain slopes, growing a couple of feet up to 20 or 30 feet high. Chinese name Shan yushu. Seems to be very variable in habitus.” Distributed as U. macrocarpa Hance? Young plants are growing in the Arnold Arboretum). Shansi: Yento, March 1, 1908, F. N. Meyer (No. 275; ac- cording to Meyer’s note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Industr., No. 142, 24, No. 22678 [1909], ‘‘ a densely branched Elm of shrubby growth, occasionally grow- ing into a small tree; found growing on a sunny rocky mountain slope at about 4000 feet altitude.” Cultivated plants in the Arboretum look much like those of the preceding number). Of this species I have seen only one fruit from David’s No. 1718, kindly sent to the Arnold Arboretum by the Director of the botanical department of the Muséum in Paris. According to the characters given in the key on p. 248 this species be- longs to subsect. Glabrae and has no relationship whatever with U. americana Lin- naeus, U. pedunculata Fougeraux or U. alata Michaux mentioned by Hance 88 “ closely allied ” to his species. Unfortunately I have not seen mature leaves and I do not know how to distinguish without fruits U. Davidiana Planchon (see p. 261) and U. japonica Sargent from U. macrocarpa. According to Komarov (1903) this Elm seems to be a common plant in northern China and Mandshuria, and it may Show the same variations as appear in the European U.’foliacea Gilibert. Judging by the sterile specimens collected by F. N. Meyer and W. Purdom, mentioned under the different species, and also by young cultivated plants I believe that U. macrocarpa can be distinguished by the rather flat corky wings of the branches, while in U. japonica the corky excrescences are not wing-like, but are more irregular in shape and grow almost round the whole branch. The specimens I am inclined to take for U. Davidiana show no corky wings and are much more glabrous (branchlets, peti- oles, leaves), the leaves being large, broadly or even roundish obovate, with many parallel nerves and a somewhat longer petiole. See p. 261. Some specimens of Meyer's mentioned under U. pumila Linnaeus (p. 242) bear some resemblance to shrubby forms of either U. macrocarpa or U. japonica. The description given by Carriére of his U. rotundifolia is insufficient, and the figure shows only a part of a sterile branch with 3 leaves. In the shape the leaves somewhat resemble those of the specimens of Meyer and Purdom mentioned under U. Davidiana, but Carriére says “ feuilles . . . trés reguli¢rement dentées ” and in the figure the dentation is simple, not compound, as in all the specimens before me. According to Planchon Carriére’s species is the same as U. macrocarpa; it was raised from seeds collected by David. Without having seen original specimens of Carriére’s species, it cannot be determined if his name is the oldest for either U. macrocarpa or U. Davidiana. Both came from Jehol, but they are not the same, as Hemsley believes, the latter being most nearly related to U. japonica Sargent. Series b. EUGLABRAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Without fruits it is sometimes very difficult to distinguish the species of this series from those of the Nitentes, and we need further investigation on the variabil- ity of each species according to its age and the situation where it is found. Plants grown in shady moist places always have the leaves very different from those of plants growing in dry sunny places, and the leaves of young well-growing cultivat plants usually look different from those of old trees. "There seem to be no forms with corky branches of the species of this series so far as we now know. 4. Ulmus Brandisiana Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). ?Ulmus effusa Brandis, For. Fl. Ind. 432 (non Willdenow) (1874), quoad speci- men Thomsonii. ?Ulmus Wallichiana Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 480 (pro parte) (1888). ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 253 Ad descriptionem addenda et emendanda: Arbor?; ramuli novelli annotinique glabri, flavo-brunnescentes, lenticellis elongatis flavescentibus satis numerosis ob- tecti, vetustiores cinerascentes, rimosuli; gemmae satis evolutae non visae. Folia lanceolato-elliptica, basi breviter attenuata v. rotundata v. fere cordata, plus minusve asymmetriea, apice satis sensim in acumen distinctum producta, supra ut videtur intense viridia, satis levia, tantum in costa incisa sparsissime pilosa, sub- tus pallidiora, tantum in axillis nervorum lateralium elevatorum lateris longioris (imo apice excepto) 14—19 albo-barbulata, ceterum glabra et vix scabriuscula, mar- gine dupliciter serrata, serraturis primariis haud (v. vix) incurvis, minora 5-8 cm. longa, 2-3.2 cm. lata, maxima ad 10-11 em. longa et 4—4.3 cm. lata; petioli satis tenues, tantum superne pilosuli, 0.6-1 cm. longi; stipulae late lanceolatae, ciliatae, petiolis juvenilibus plus quam duplo longiores, mox caducae. Inflorescentiae plus minusve elongato-cymosae, ad 12 mm. longae, pilosae; flores juveniles non vidi; perigonia in basi fructum 5—6-loba, lobis oblongis ad medium v. paulo ultra medium ineisis ciliatis, ceterum glabra, pars superior pedicellorum parte inferiore pilosa brevior (in typo) v. 2-214-plo longior (in specimine Thomsoniano). Samarae maturae obovatae v. obovato-rectangulares, basi subito in stipitem perigonio duplo longiorem contractae, apice leviter emarginatae emarginatura brevi pilosa instruc- tae ceterum glaberrimae, ad 18 mm. longae et 12 mm. latae; semina in centro samarae sita, ab emarginatura distincte remota. INDIA. Kumaon: “ Dwali, 8500 feet," R. Strachey & J. E. Winterbottom (No. 3, type in Herb. Gray; with ripe fruits and leaves). Kashmir: “Banahal, reg. temp., alt. 7500 ped.," T. Thomson (ex Herb. Ind. Or. sub nom. U. campes- tris, a glabra in Herb. Gray; with young fruits and leaves). Kashmir: “reg. temp. 5000 ped.," T. Thomson (a very poor sterile specimen distributed in Herb. Ind. Or. as U. pedunculata Foug.?; an uncertain form). This seems to be a very interesting species, to which apparently belongs Thom- son’s specimen from Kashmir, at Ganderbal, at 5000 feet, April 1848, which was doubtfully referred to U. effusa by Brandis. Whether or not Thomson's specimen from Banahal represents a distinct variety on account of the elongated upper part of the pedicels needs further investigation, as I have seen only a poor specimen with unripe fruits. The flowers seem to be very similar to those of the European U. glabra Hudson, but otherwise the Himalayan plant may be more closely related to U. Bergmanniana Schneider from central China, the inflorescence of which some- times is a little elongated. U. Brandisiana, however, differs from all the other Species of this series in the long stipe of its fruit (see also U. Bergmanniana, var.). The species is named in honor of the late Sir Dietrich Brandis. 5. Ulmus Uyematsui Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. III. 174, t. 32 (1913). CHINA. Formosa: Mt. Arisan, March 1913, K. Uyematsu (type, ex Hayata). According to the description and plate this species seems closely related to U. Bergmanniana, var. lasiophylla Schneider. The leaves are described as elliptic or oblong, up to 10 em. long and to 4.5 em. broad, and densely pubescent beneath. The petioles are 4 mm. long. The inflorescence is elongate-cymose, the pedicels are about 6 mm. (in the drawing up to 8 mm.) long and articulated in the middle. The ripe fruits are yet unknown, and according to the plate the species belongs to the ser. Glabrae, the seeds being in the centre of the samara. Besides the rather long pedicels I cannot detect much difference between the Formosan Elm and the Pubescent variety of the species from central China. In the drawing the stipe of the young samara is not longer than the 5-lobed perigone. The filaments of the 5 stamens seem to be only as long as the perigone. 6. Ulmus Bergmanniana Schneider. See p. 240. Ulmus Bergmanniana, var. lasiophylla Schneider. See p. 241. 254 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 7. Ulmus glabra Hudson, Fl. Angl. 95 (1762), exclud. var. 8. — Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1908, 57 (1909). — Moss in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LI. 217 (1912); Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 95, t. 104-105 (1914). Ulmus campestris Linnaeus, Spec. 225 (pro parte et in herb.) (1753). — Schmidt Oester.-Baumz. IV. 43, t. 226 (1822). — Kerner in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. XXVI. 52 (1876). Ulmus scabra (scabris/) Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 2 (1768). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 412 (pro parte) (1872). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. YI. 27 (pro parte) (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 135, fig. 27 E (1893). — Schneider, Dendr. Winterstud. 161, fig. 153 f-h (1903); Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 216, fig. 136 u-v, 137 h-1 (pro parte) (1904). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 560 (pro parte) (1911). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 190 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911), exclud. var. major. Ulmus montana Stokes in Withering, Bot. Arr. Veg. Gr. Brit. ed. 2, I. 259 (1787). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1398 (1838). — Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 274 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 159 (pro parte) (1873). — Trautvetter in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 352 (1857). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Bäume & Sträucher, III. 7, fig. 225 B, 230-233, t. 38 (1897). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, T'rees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1864, t. 400, 411, fig. 13 (1913). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 616 (1914). Ulmus campestris, var. latifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. Y. 319 (1789). Ulmus nuda Ehrhart, Beytr. Naturk. VI. 86 (1791). Ulmus latifolia Salisbury, Prodr. 391 (1796), an Persoon? Ulmus excelsa Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. I. 839 (1800). Ulmus suberosa Michaux, N. Am. Sylva, III. 98 (t. 129, fig. sub nom. U. lati- folia/) (non Moench et Auct. AL) (1819). Ulmus corylacea Dumortier, Fl. Belg. Prodr. 25 (1827). Ulmus major Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. German. XII. 13, t. 665, fig. 1335 (non Smith) (1850), exclud. synon. Ulmus campestris, var. scabra Neilreich, Fl. Wien, 165 (1846). Ulmus campestris, var. tana Hartig, Vollst. Naturg. Forstl. Kulturpfl. 458 (1850), forma satis dubia. — Ascherson, Fl. Prov. Brandenbg. I. 614 (exclud. forma) (1864). EUROPE (with exception of Portugal); NORTHERN AFRICA; WESTERN IA ASIA. I include this well-known species b U. laciniata Mayr has been hitherto referred to it. As the many synonyms show, the nomenclature is complicated. The leaves of sterile shoots or of branches growing in the shade sometimes are tricuspidate at the apex and cannot be distinguished from leaves of the same shape of U.laciniata, where such trilobate leaves prevail even on mature trees. This form of U. glabra has many different names, and the synonymy may be given as follows: Ulmus glabra, f. grandidentata Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 96 (1914). Ulmus corylacea, var. grandidentata Dumortier, Prodr. Fl. Belg. 25 (1827). Ulmus tridens Hartig, Vollst. Naturg. Forstl. Kulturpfl. 460 (1850). Ulmus sublaciniatus Mathieu, Fl. Gén. Belg. I. 480 (in textu pro forma) (1853). Ulmus expansa Rota in Bot. Zeit. XIII. 469 (1855). : Ulmus tricuspidata Besser ex Trautvetter in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 352 (1857), in textu. Ulmus montana, var. tridens Lange, Haandb. Danske Fl. 267 (1886-8), fide Moss. ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 255 Ulmus montana, subspec. major, f. tricuspis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. IL. 29 (1892). Ulmus montana triserrata Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1201 (1898). Ulmus montana, f. lobata Waisbecker in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIX. 67 (1899). Ulmus montana, var. corylifolia Zapatowicz, Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. II. 98 (1908), fide Ascherson & Graebner. Ulmus glabra, f. tricuspis Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XXIII. (1915). 8. Ulmus laciniata Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkbüume, 523, fig. 243 (1906) exclud. descript. pro parte maxima. Ulmus major, var. heterophylla Maxitnowicz & Ruprecht in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 139 (1856); in Mél. Biol. II. 434 (1857). Ulmus montana Maack & Ruprecht, in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 376 (non Stokes) (1857); in Mél. Biol. II. 557 (1858). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXVII. 291 (1873); in Md. Biol. IX. 25 (1873). — Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 159 (1873), quoad plantas Transbaical — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 431 (1875). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 47 (Pl. Radd.) (1892), quoad plantas Transbaical. — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 448 (1894), quoad plantas Japonieas.— Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 88 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). Ulmus montana, var. laciniata Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 246 (Maximowiez, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (1859). — Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, XII. No. 2, 174 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 65 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 253 (1867).— Shirasawa, in Bull. Agric. Coll. Tokyo, II. 266, t. 13, fig. 7 (Jap. Laubh. Winter. t. 9, fig. 7) (1895); Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 15, fig. 1-9 (1908). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VIL. 1865 (1913). — Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 404 (1915). Ulmus scabra, var. typica, f. heterophylla Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 218 (pro parte) (1904). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 564 (pro parte) (1911). jM CHINA. Chili: Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 87; with fruits and good eaves). .NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: mountains 12 hours east of Har- bin by railroad, August 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent (very large tree; sterile); Shengking, Tien-shan, June 8, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 124; sterile). Amur: “ Amur,” C. Mazimowicz (fruiting branchlet with leaves); ' Amur med.," May 27, 1891, S. Korshinsky (sterile; distributed sub nom. Corylus mandshurica). Ussuri: near ladivostock, cultivated, August 20, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile). Saghalien: without locality, Fr. Schmidt (very young fruits and young leaves). ; JAPAN. Hokkoido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, June 5, 1891, Y. Tokubuchi (with fruits and leaves); hill near Sapporo, September 17, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 7-10 m. tall, girth 0.3 m., pale bark; sterile). The mature plants of this species are well distinguished from those of U. glabra Hudson, but young vigorous plants are much more alike. The pale color of the branchlets in the autumn of their first year and in the second year, being somewhat brownish only on those parts which have been much exposed to the sun, seems to be the best character to distinguish U. laciniata from U. glabra. The perigones are often hairy besides being ciliated, as are the upper part of the pedicels. The fruits seem to be always quite glabrous, while, according to Trautvetter (1857), some Russian forms of U. glabra have a distinctly hairy disk, at least when young. The 256 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA winter-buds of Japanese plants of U. laciniata are spindle-shaped and rather acute, resembling those of U. laevis Pallas, but in plants from Chili grown in the Arnold Arboretum the buds are more ovate and the deep red-brown scales are very hairy on the margin, while in Japanese plants which were brought by J. G. Jack from Chuzenji the scales are only very finely ciliate and of a lighter color in the lower part. Whether or not the plants from northern China may represent a distinct variety needs further investigation. This species occurs sparingly in moist woods near Lake Yumoto, in the Nikko region, and in slightly increasing numbers northward, but it is nowhere plentiful in Hondo. In Hokkaido it is fairly common, more especially in the central parts of this island, and always is associating with mixed trees. As I saw it this Elm is in Japan always a small, slender and unimportant tree, not more than 12 m. tall, with a trunk scarcely 1 m. in girth and covered with gray, fairly smooth, fibrous bark. My observations as to the size of this tree agree with those of Maximowicz and Sar- gent. Mayr, who says it grows 30 m. tall and is an important constituent of the forests in central Hokkaido, confuses it with U. japonica Sargent. On the mainland of eastern Asia it would appear to be a larger tree than in Japan, for Sargent noted it as a “ very large tree on the mountains twelve hours east of Harbin by railroad.” A picture will be found under No. x365 of the collection of my Japanese photo- graphs. E. H. W. Subsect. 2. FOLIACEAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). This subsection contains the most difficult forms, especially those of the following Series. Series a. Nrrentes Moss, Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 89 (1914). — Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). The species of this series are very closely related, and it is difficult to distinguish some of them without carefully collected material with flowers, fruits and mature leaves. In Europe they are connected with the species of ser. GLABRAE by many natural hybrids, but we do not yet know if there are any such hybrids in eastern Asia or in India. 9. Ulmus castaneifolia Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 440, t. 10 (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 904, fig. 565 c-d, 566 e-f (1912). CHINA. Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7780, type; with ripe fruits on leafless branchlets); same locality, mountains, summer 1900, E. H. Wil- son (Veitch Exped. No. 677 in part; sterile); Chienshi Hsien, May 1900, E. H. Wilson (Veitch Exped. No. 545; with ripe fruits and very youngleaves). Eastern oe Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5498, co-type; sterile, young and old eaves). The young flowers of this species which seems to have a very limited distribu- tion in central China are not yet known. The species is well characterized by the shape of its leaves and fruits, as described in the key. The largest leaf I have seen is about 14 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, without the rather thick petiole, which measures 10 mm. in length. The surfaces of the leaves are more or less rough, but otherwise glabrous with the exception of a few hairs on the impressed rib of the upper surface and the clusters of gray hairs in the axils of the prominent lateral veins beneath. 10. Ulmus Wilsoniana Schneider. See p. 238. Ulmus Wilsoniana Schneider, var. psilophylla Schneider. See p. 239. ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 254. Ulmus Wilsoniana, var. subhirsuta Schneider, n. var. es typo praecipue recedit ramis annotinis dense pilis griseo-brunneis obtectis fere irsutis. CHINA. Southern Szech'uan: prope Hohsi versus Te-li-pu, May 7, 1914, C. Schneider (No. 1113; frutex squarrosus, circiter 2-3 m. altus; with unripe fruits). I have seen this Elm only in this one locality, and the young fruits and leaves agree well with those of the type. 'The branchlets of the preceding year bear a very dense grayish and brownish, almost hirsute, pubescence. 11. Ulmus foliacea Gilibert, Ezercit. Phyt. II. 395 (foliaceus) (1792). — Sargent in Bull. Pop. Inform. Arn. Arb. No. 11 (1911); in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, L. 202 (1911). — Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ulmus campestris Linnaeus, Spec. 225 (pro parte) (1753). — Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 156 (pro parte) (1873). — Hempel & Wilhelm, Báume & Sträucher II. 1, fig. 225 A, 226-229, t. 37 (1897). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 551 (pro parte) (1911). Ulmus glabra, Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 4 (glabris) (non Hudson) (1768). — Smith, Engl. Bot. XXXII. t. 2248 (1811). — Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. German. XII. 13, t. 664, fig. 1334 (1850). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 135 (1893). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 219, fig. 136 g-h, 137 a-g, n. 138 i-o (pro parte) (1904). — Ley in Jour. Bot. XLVIII. 69 (1910). Ulmus sativa Duroi, Harbk. Baumz. II. 502 (non Miller) (1772). Ulmus vulgaris Pallas, Iter, ITI. 314 (nomen nudum) (1776). — Gueldenstedt, Iter, II. 24 (nomen nudum) (1787). Ulmus carpinifolia Gleditsch, Pflanzenverz. Lust- u. Bawmgürt. 334 (1773). Ulmus nitens Moench, Meth. Pl. 333 (1794). — Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1908, 157 (1909). — Moss in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, LI. 199 and 217 (1912); Cambridge Brit. Fl. II. 89 (1914). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1887, t. 402, 412, fig. 23 (1913). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 618 (pro parte) (1914). Ulmus campestris, var. glabra Aiton, Hort. Kew. I. 319 (1789). — Pokorny, Oester. Holzpfl. 46, t. 12, fig. 140-141 (1864). Ulmus campestris, var. laevis Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, XV. 362 (1841). — io ate in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 351 1857). ae oae var. vulgaris Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. pt. 2, 646 (pro parte) ). Ulmus campestris, a g Ascherson, Fl. Prov. Brandenb. I. 614 (1864). bee eu-campestris Ascherson & Graebner, Fl. Nordostdeutsch. Flachl. 259 98). Ulmus vulgaris, a campestris Rouy, Fl. France, XII. 266 (1910). Ulmus vulgaris, y carpinifolia Rouy, l. c. (1910). This European species does not occur in eastern Asia, where it is represented by U. japonica Sargent, from which it differs by the characters given in the key on p. 249. It is mostly known as U. campestris or Ù. glabra, but neither of these names can be properly applied to it. Linnaeus's U. campestris includes all the European Elms and cannot be used for any one of them. By different authors mentioned above the name U. nitens Moench has been adopted, but it is antedated by U. foliacea of Gilibert, who gave a much better description of this tree than Moench did. In the Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. I have pointed out that Gilibert's name undoubtedly refers to our species. 258 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 12. Ulmus japonica Sargent, Trees & Shrubs, II. 1, t. 101 (1907). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 906 (1912). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1923, t. 411, fig. 4 (1913). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 675 (1914). Ulmus pumila, B suberosa Turczaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 369 (an pro parte?) (1854); Fl. Baic.-Dahur. II. 96 (1856). Ulmus glabra Maximowicz & Ruprecht in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 138 (non Miller) (1856); in Mél. Biol. II. 434 (1857). — Maack & Ruprecht in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 375 (1857); in Mél. Biol. 1. c. 557 (1858).— Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 25 (pro parte) (1892).— Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 135 (pro parte) (1893). — Schnei- der, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 220 (1904), quoad var. typicam pro parte. Ulmus suberosa Maack & Ruprecht in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XV. 375 (non Moench) (1857); in Mél. Biol. II. 557 (1858). Ulmus campestris, var. laevis Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 247 (Maximowiez, Prim. Fl. Amur.) (non Spach et Auct. Al.) (1859). — Schmidt in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, XII. No. 2, 174 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 290 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 23 (1873). — Fran- chet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 431 (an pro parte?) (1875). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 45 (Pl. Radd.) (1892), quoad specim. Transbaicalen- sia. — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll. Tokyo, II. 266, t. 13, fig. 8-9 (Jap. Laubh. Winter. t. 9, fig. 8-9) (1895). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 33 (an pro parte?) (1912). Ulmus campestris, var. major Trautvetter in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, IX. 248 (Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Am.) (non Walpers) (1859). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 290 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 23 (1872). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 431 (1875). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 45 (Pl. Radd.) (1892), quoad specim. Transbaicalensia. — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 32 (1912). Ulmus campestris, a vulgaris Regel in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, SÉT. 7, IV. 133 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (non Spach) (1861), exclud. lusus d. pumila. — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 290 an tantum pro parte? (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 22 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 430 (1875). — Korshinsky in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 386 (1892), exclud. 3, f. pumila. — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. Il. t. 15, fig. 10-21 (1908). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 32 (1912). Ulmus campestris, B suberosa Regel in Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, IV. 134 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) (non Wahlenberg) (1861). — Herder in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 44 (Pl. Radd.) (pro parte) (1892). — Korshinsky in Act. Hort. Petrop. XII. 387 (1892). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 191 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). ? Ulmus sibirica Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Musc. 566 (1864). Ulmus campestris, var. major, f. suberosa Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 65 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 253 (1867). 3 Ulmus campestris Miyabe in Mém. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IV. 258 (Fl. Kurile Isl.) (non Linnaeus) (1890).— Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 323, fig. 50 (1893); For. Fl. Jap. 57, t. 18 (1894). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 446 (pro parte) (1894). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 82 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — S & Le in Bot. Jahrb. XXXIV. Beibl. no (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 190 (Fl. Kor. .) (1911). ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 259 Ulmus pestris, var. Japonica Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. IV. 1882 (1902). — Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 403 (1915). Ulmus montana, var. major Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 190 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). CHINA. Chili: Hsiao Wu-tai-shan, alt. 1800 m., August 23, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1328; sterile branches with corky excrescences); Shi-feng-ko, in rocks and at the edges of precipices, June 3, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 993; of shrubby growth; sterile). Chekiang: near Yü-hang, in earth banks, alt. 100 m., July 6, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1508; small tree; sterile, needs further observation). Shang- tung: “ Lauschan-Gebirge bei Lauting," May 1900, Nebel (ex Seemen & Loesener sub U. campestris). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, May 1884, K. Miyabe (with flowers and fruits, no leaves); same locality, common, September 18, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 23-27 m. tall, girth 1.2-1.5 m., habit of U. americana; sterile co-type of U. japonica); same locality, August 19, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile co-type of U. japonica); same locality, April 15 and September 3, 1903, S. Arimoto (with flowers and sterile); same locality, April 1907 and summer (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co., with flowers and sterile); same locality, May 2, 1909, September 11, 1912 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with flowers and sterile); prov. Tokachi, May 12, 1907 and later (ex Herb. Sakurai; with flowers and sterile); prov. Iburi, Shira-oi, August 24, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile); prov. Oshima, “ ad pedem vulcani Kuma-ga-take, in silvis," 1861, C. Mazimowicz (type of U. japonica in Herb. Gray; with ripe fruits and young leaves); same locality, 1861-63, M. Albrecht (with some fruits and young leaves); same locality, June 1, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5877; with fruits and young leaves, young branchlets almost glabrous). Hondo: prov. Shimotsuke, forming woods west end of Lake Chuzenji, June 1, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6777, tree 13-27 m. tall, girth 0.9-3.6 m., bark gray, fairly smooth, wood pale brown; with fruits and young leaves, disk of fruits with fine hairs); same locality, August 13, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile; pubescence of branchlets and petioles brownish and gray); same locality, October 26, 1905, J. G. Jack (like the foregoing specimen); same locality, not common, September 3, 1892, C. S. Sargent (small tree; sterile branches with corky wings, pubescence as in Jack's specimens!); prov. Suruga, Fuji shrine, alt. 900 m., May 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson (sterile). Kyushu: prov. Osumi, Higashi-Kirishima, woods, common, March 6, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6195; tree 13-17 m. tall, girth 1.5-1.8 m., flat topped, flowers reddish; with flowers and very young fruits, without leaves); prov. Satsuma, Togo, thickets, not common, March 14, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6279; small tree 8-10 m. tall, 0.3-0.6 in girth). : NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Saghalien: without locality, Fr. Schmidt (sterile); moist pastures and moors, common, August 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7329, tree 13-25 m. tall, girth 1.8-3.6 m., bark light gray, fissured, branches thick, Spreading; sterile). Korea: Sang-chang, cliffs, September 4, 1903, C. S. Sargent (large tree; sterile, shoots with corky wings); Ping-yang, September 18, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile). Ussuri province: Khabarovsk, August 27, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile); Nikolsk, station grounds, August 22, 1903, C. S. Sargent (young tree; Sterile). Mandshuria: Shengking, Tsienshan Mountains, June 9, 1906, F. N. * The same brownish and gray, somewhat hirsute pubescence is found on cultivated plants in the Arnold Arboretum, raised from seed sent by Dr. Mayr In 1889 from Tokyo as U. parvifolia and in 1895 from Sapporo by the Agricultu- Tal College as U. campestris var. The leaves, etc., of Sargent's specimen agree Well with Shirasawa’s drawing, 1. c. t. 15, fig. 15. 260 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Meyer (No. 109; sterile). Transbaikal: “ e Sibiria,” July 1825, Fischer (corky winged branchlet with young leaves in Herb. Gray). The specimens referred above to the typical U. japonica have more or less hairy branchlets and petioles and the color of the branchlets in the autumn of the first year or in the second year is light yellow or pale brown or tawny. The shape of the fruits is somewhat variable, and they are not always entirely glabrous. Especially the fruits of Wilson’s No. 6777 are more or less minutely hairy on the disk, and it needs further observation to decide if this pubescence affords any good character for distinguishing a variety. The texture of the leaves is very firm, and they are more or less softly pubescent beneath when young and rather rough on both sides later in the season, while in the following variety the leaves usually are thinner and smooth. With its glabrous young shoots Faurie’s No. 5877 is somewhat inter- mediate between the type and var. levigata, which seems to be absent from Hondo and even from Hokkaido. See also the note under U. macrocarpa Hance (p. 252). In Japan this Elm is found from extreme southern Kyushu northward through Hondo and Hokkaido to Saghalien. South of the Nikko region in Hondo, it is a rare tree, and it is nowhere really common south of Hokkaido, although at the west- ern end of Lake Chuzenji it forms nearly pure woods of no great size. In moist valleys in Hokkaido, and especially in the central and northern parts of this island, it is abundant and is one of the most prominent and important constituents of the forest. In Japanese Saghalien it is also common and grows to a larger size than any other deciduous tree. At its best the Japanese Elm is a handsome and lofty tree, often 30 m. or more tall, with a trunk 6 m. in girth. In the forests the trunk is clear of branches for from 10 to 20 m. from the ground. In the open, however, the trunk usually divides into several ascending-spreading stems at about 5 or 6 m. from the ground, and such trees in habit resemble the American Elm ( U. americana Linnaeus) more than they do that of any other Asiatic or any European species. The bark is light gray, slightly fissured and fibrous; the branches are stout and spread to form a broad flattened or rounded crown. Vernacular names for this tree are Nire and Aka-damo. By timber surveyors of | foreign governments this tree is known as Red Ash, and under this trade name the lumber is exported. The wood warps badly and is of comparatively little value, though it lasts well in water. To the Ainu or aboriginal people of Japan this Elm is of importance, though formerly much more so than now. The inner layers of the bark after maceration, brought about by soaking in warm stagnant water for some ten days, are woven into cloth which formerly was in general use for making wearing apparel. The bark is always largely used by these people for roofing and covering the sides of their huts, and the dried roots were formerly used to generate fire by friction. Naturally such an important and useful tree figures largely in Ainu mythology. A great many of these people believe it was the first of all trees, and that it was sent direct from Heaven already grown. Now, however, in spite of its usefulness it is looked upon as a tree of ill omen and is supposed to harbor evil spirits. Pictures of this Elm will be found under Nos. x244, x245, x250, x298, x375, x411, x427, x432 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. io HW. Ulmus japonica, var. levigata Schneider, n. var. Ulmus pumila Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 1, 77, t. 48, fig. B (non Linnaeus) (1784), quoad formam ramulis suberosis. ? Ulmus campestris, var. major Miyabe and Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 403 (non Wal- pers) (1915). — Some of the synonyms quoted above may, at least partly, belong to this variety. ean c ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 261 A typo praecipue recedit ramulis etiam novellis glabris, foliis superne plus minusve nitentibus glabris levibus subtus tantum in axillis nervorum pro parte barbulatis basi saepe distinctius asymmetricis tenuioribus, petiolis minus puberulis, fructibus glaberrimis. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Northern Korea: “fluvium Jalu super. vallis Samsumuris," July 6, 1897, V. Komarov (type; with some small fruits and almost fully grown leaves). Saghalien: Konuma, moorlands, not common, August 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 7325; tree 13 m. tall, girth 3 m., round-headed; sterile). Ussuri: near Vladivostok, by streams in low moist ground, August 18, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile); Khabarovsk, August 23 and 27, 1903, C. S. Sargent (small tree, leaves very lustrous; sterile, folia maxima obovato-oblonga ad 15:7 cm. magna). Amur: “ad fl. Amur”, 1855, R. Maack (Nos. 113, with flowers; 379, sterile branch with corky wings); “ Amur superior et medius," August 26, 1891, S. Korshinsky (sterile branch with corky wings) Mandshuria: mountains, 12 hours east of Harbin, August 31, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile, branches partly corky). à This is a well-marked variety which like the type has a form with corky winged branches. On dry sunny places the color of the branches seems to be more dis- tinetly reddish. It is difficult to determine any shrubby form of Ulmus growing in dry stony situations; the leaves of plants in such positions become mostly much smaller and very rough on both surfaces. See also my remarks under U. macrocarpa Hance (p. 252) and the following species. Such shrubby small-leaved forms very often are taken for U. pumila Linnaeus. : i Here may be mentioned a sterile specimen collected by F. N. Meyer in Shansi, near Tsin-tse, May 1907 (No. 416), of which the small leaves in shape and pubes- cence resemble those of U. japonica, but the length of the petioles is about one third of the length of the whole leaf except the elongated tip. This curious form needs further observation. In Saghalien U. japonica, var. levigata Schneider is a rather low and broad- topped tree and it is not very common. A picture will be found under No. x365 of the collection of my Japanese photographs. E. H. W 13. Ulmus Davidiana Planchon in Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, LXXIV. pt. 1, 1498 (nomen nudum) (1872); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 158 (1873). — Maxi- mowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 291 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 24 (1873). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 76, t. 8, fig. B (Pl. David. I. 266) (1884). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 447 (1894). — Schneider, IIl. Handb. Laubholzk. IT. 904, fig. 565 i, 566 i (1912). CHINA. Chili: Jehol, A. David (No. 1716, type ex Planchon); same locality, December 11, 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 201; according to Meyer's note in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Indust. No. 137, 25, no. 21932 [1909], “an Elm growing to be a medium-sized tree with a round, spread-out head; when young has two corky Wings along its young branches; is not a common tree at all. Grows in very dry and exposed localities.” Plants distributed by the Department of Agriculture as U. , Davidiana, cultivated in the Arnold Arboretum under No. 5927); south of Weichang, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 262; apparently the same as a plant growing in the Arnold Arboretum received as Purdom No. 261 from Hort. Veitch in 1912). This is a very little known species of which I have seen only a fruit and a young leaf of the type kindly sent to the Arboretum by the Director of the botanical department of the Muséum in Paris. U. Davidianais certainly nearly related to the species. The leaves of the sterile specimens mentioned above are more glabrous and more broadly or roundish obovate than those of U. japonica, of which the leaves are mostly more cuneate towards the base. The length of the peti- ole and the number of the lateral nerves seem to be variable, and the color of the 262 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA branchlets and buds is not unlike in both the species as far as I can judge by the material before me. U. Davidiana certainly needs further observation. See also my remarks under U. macrocarpa Hance (p. 252). Series d. PuwiLAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). This series could probably be raised to the rank of a subsection equal to subsect. Foliaceae, but there are some forms, especially of U. foliacea Gilibert in Europe and western Asia, as also of other species in India and northeastern Asia, which are not yet sufficiently known to decide whether or not U. pumila Linnaeus is really closely allied to any species of ser. Nitentes. 15. Ulmus pumila Linnaeus. See p. 242. Ulmus pumila, var. arborea Litwinow in Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. VI. 166, t. 3 (1908). Ulmus campestris, y pumila Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 478 (1879). Ulmus parvifolia Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 348 (non Jacquin) (1880), exclud. synon. — ?Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 481 (1881). ?Ulmus turcestanica! Regel in Gartenflora, XXXIIL 28 (nomen nudum) (1884). Ulmus pinnato-ramosa Dieck ex Koehne in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. VIII. 74 (1910); in Mitt. Deutsch. Ges. 1910, 92 (1911). B Ulmus pumila, var. pinnato-ramosa Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1926 (1913). TURKESTAN. INDIA. ?Kashmir. As far as I can judge by the cultivated specimens before me and by those col- lected by P. Sintenis, “regio transcaspica," Krasnowodok, March 22, 1900 (No. 29*; with flowers), and Kisil-Arwat, Karakala, July 5, 1901 (No. 2016; sterile), and distributed as U. glabra Miller, this variety is most closely related to the typical U. pumila. The characters indicated by Koehne as distinguishing his U. pinnato-ramosa can also be seen in specimens from northeastern Asia. "There is an Elm from Kashmir: * Western Tibet, Nubra, alt. 10,000 ft.” col- lected by T. Thomson, which was distributed in Herb. Ind. Or. as U. pumila, and later was referred by Hooker f., to U. parvifolia Jacquin. But Hooker says: “ The Tibetan plant may be a small-leaved form of U. Wallichiana.” Unfortu- nately the specimen is only a sterile one, and it may belong to U. pumila, var. pinnato-ramosa as far as I can judge by the leaves and branchlets. In many respects very similar to U. pumila is also the type of U. campes- tris, var. Aitchison in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, III. 108 (1880) from Khorasan, July 11, 1885 (No. 711; a cultivated tree; sterile), which may be described as fol- lows: Arbor; ramuli hornotini graciles, glabri, flavescentes, deinde cinerascentes; gemmae (nondum satis evolutae) parvae, obtuso-ovatae, perulis paucis fere ni- grescentibus extus vix v. paulo puberulis sed margine distincte longe fulvo-fimbriatis obtectae. Folia parva, ovata v. ovato-elliptica, basi rotundata, valde asymmetrica, apice sensim acuta, supra laevia, tantum costa parcissime pilosa, ut videtur laete 1 According to Litwinow in Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. VI. 164, t. 1-2 (1908), U. turcestanica Regel is a synonym of U. densa Litwinow, l. c. 163 (1908). Unfor- tunately I have not seen any material, but according to Litwinow the § branchlets must be very similar to those of U. pumila Linnaeus, while the fruits are up to 2 em. long and to 1.2 cm. broad, and like those of U. foliacea Gilibert. Lit- winow adds as a synonym U. campestris, var. laevis Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. VI. 477 (1879), quoad plant. Turcestanicam. m. ULMACEAE. — ULMUS 263 viridia, subtus paulo pallidiora, glabra v. in axillis nervorum lateralium lateris lon- gioris circiter 10-15 paulo barbulata, margine subsimpliciter distincte dentata, minora 3-4.5 em. longa et 1.5-2.2 em. lata, majora 5-7 cm. longa, ad 3 em. lata; petioli satis longi, graciles, flavescentes, superné tantum sparse villosuli, 6-10 mm. longi. Flores fructusque ignoti. Except the very unequal base of the leaves this interesting form is very much like U. pumila Linnaeus. 16. Ulmus glaucescens Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 76, t. 8, fig. a (Pl. David. I. 266) (1884). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 904, fig. 565 h, 566 g (1912). CHINA. Shansi: ‘“Toumet, Sartchy," A. David (No. 2634, type, ex Franchet). According to the description this species must be very closely related to U. pu- mila Linnaeus. Franchet says that the leaves are only up to 4 em. long and 2.5 cm. broad, but on the plate the leaves are represented up to 5 em. long and very similar in shape to those of specimens of U. pumila before me. But I have never seen such e samaras as U. glaucescens is said to have (‘samara 2-214 cm. longa"). Hemsley does not mention this species in the Index Florae Sinensis and I have not seen any specimen of Ulmus from eastern Shansi. Series c. LANCEAEFOLIAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916). Ulmus, subgen. Microptelea Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 281 (1848), quoad U. lancifoliam; in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 162 (1873), quoad U. Hookerianam. — Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. UI. Abt. 1, 62 (1888), quoad U. Hookerianam. Isuppose that this series may be better regarded as a subsection or even as à section, and it needs further investigation to fix the real relationship of the following Species, which hitherto has been referred to sect. Microptelea. 15. Ulmus lanceaefolia Roxburgh apud Wallich, Icon. Pl. As. Rar. II. 86, t. 200 (1831). Ulmus lancifolia Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 66 (1832). — Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 281 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 162 (1873). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 473 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 480 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 447 (1894). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timber, ed. 2, 628 (1902). — Prain, Bengal Pl. 958 (1903). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 222, in adnot. (1904); II. 904, fig. 565 f (1912). — Brandis, Ind. Trees. 594 (1906). Ulmus Hookeriana Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 162 (1873). — Eng- ler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. 1, 62 (1888). CHINA. Yunnan: Linan district, March 1, A. Henry (No. 10571; tree3 m. tall; vith ripe fruits and leaves); Szemao, Yulo forest, April 9, 4. Henry (No. ; tree 7 m. tall; with ripe fruits and leaves). IA. Assam: “ Danar, 400 ft." March 23, 1896, Dr. King's Collector (No. 100; with fruits and leaves). Burma: without locality (No. 4678, Herb. Griffith; with fruits and leaves). Eastern Bengal: “ Khasia, reg. trop., alt. 0.— Ded." J. D. Hooker (sterile): Chittagong, hilly parts, W. Rozburgh (type ex Roxburgh). Sikkim: “ reg. trop., alt. 4-5000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker (with fruits and leaves; type of U. Hookeriana). Sikkim: ‘Environs of Darjiling, 6000 to 8000 feet," July 1855, Schlagintweit (No. 12319; young plant). . : The leaves of this interesting species are subdeciduous, and according to Brandis tree is generally leafless during part of the hot season when it flowers. The 264 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA pubescence of the branchlets, especially of the strong shoots, is usually more or less fulvous and often somewhat scabrous. The lobes of the perigone are of the same shape as in the other species of this section and not deeply cleft as in sect. Microptelea. In Hooker’s specimen from Sikkim, the type of Planchon’s U. Hookeriana, the fruits (apparently not yet fully ripe) are smaller, and the lower pilose part of the pedicels is mostly shorter than in the other specimens and only a little longer than the upper part from the joint to the perigone. It needs further investigation before it is pos- sible to know whether this fact is of any taxonomic value in distinguishing a sep- arate form. Sect. II. MICROPTELEA Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 352 (1883). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1848 (1913). — Daveau in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1914, 21 (pro parte). Microptelea Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XV. 358 (1841); Hist. Vég. XI. 113 (1842). Ulmus, subgen. Microptelea Planchon in Ann. Sct. Nat. sér. 3, X. 279 (pro parte) (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 161 (1873), exclud. U. Hooke- riana. — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 422 (1872). — Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. Abt. 1, 62 (1888), exclud. U. Hookeriana. — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 11. 34 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 134 (1893). — Schneider, ZU. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 221 (1904). To this section also belongs the North American U. crassifolia Nuttall, which represents the series CRAssIFOLIAE Schneider in Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. LXVI. (1916) “ fructibus undique pilosis, dense ciliatis." 16. Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin. See p. 244. There may be mentioned another Elm probably representing a new species the taxonomic position of which remains doubtful as long as the fruits are unknown. 17. Ulmus, spec. nova? ne Arbor?; ramuli floriferi plus minusve pubescentes (ut videtur novelli villosuli) flavo-brunnei; gemmae ovatae, perulis extus pilosis et distincte ciliatis brunneis. Inflorescentiae fasciculatae, circiter 10-florae; flores breviter pedicellati, parte pedi- cellorum superiore glabra quam pars inferior pilosa vix longiore; perigonia 4-lobata, glabra, lobis paulo ultra medium incisis obtusis fusco-ciliatis; stamina 4, filamentis perigonio plusquam duplo longioribus, antheris nondum visis; ovarium glabrum, sessile. Samarae ignotae. . INDIA. “Suring, Sarju Valley, alt. 5000 feet," R. Strachey & J. E. Winterbottom (No. 2 in Herb. Gray; leafless flowering branchlets and also the sterile branchlets described beneath). The specimen also contains sterile branchlets with apparently not yet fully grown leaves, and I am not quite sure whether or not they belong to the same plant. They may be described as follows: Ramuli novelli annotinique dense griseo- et fulvo- hirsuti. Folia ovata, ovato-lanceolata v. late ovata, basi plus minusve rotunda, paullo asymmetrica, apice sensim v. subito acuminata, supra pilis scabris obtecta, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque utrinsecus circiter 12 (imo apice excepto) praecipue in axillis et paulo ad faciem hirtella, margine dupliciter serrato-dentata, minora 4-5.5 cm. longa, 1.5-2 cm. lata, maxima ad 7:3 em. v. 8:5 em. magna, petioli 3-7 mm. longi, hirsuti, stipulis late lanceolatis sparse sericeis breviores. — The branchlets described above apparently are from young plants which in several species develop shoots with such a brownish hirsute pubescence. The same Elm may be represented by two sterile specimens from Afghanistan collected by ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 265 J, E. T. Aitchison, 1879, “ Kurrum valley ” (No. 403), which is the same as Ulmus sp. Aitchison in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 93 (Fl. Kuram Valley) (1880), and “ Hari- rud valley," June 5, 1885 (No. 1112), which is the type of U. montana Aitchison in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, III. 108 (non Withering) (1888). In both specimens the young branchlets are hirsute, becoming more or less glabrous and of a yellowish brown or a very pale color. The shape of the leaves, which are more or less rough on both sides, vary from ovate-elliptic with a very unequal base to obovate with an almost symmetrical base. In No. 1112 the leaves are up to 10 cm. long and 5-6 em. broad, with a very coarse compound serration, while in No. 403 the leaves are 6-8.5 em. long and 3-4 cm. broad, with a little sharper serration. No. 711 is said by Aitchison to be “a more common, but smaller tree than 677,” which number I referred to U. Brandisiana Schneider, see p. 253, while No. 1112 is “ a cultivated tree, 30 feet high and 9 feet in circumference.” As far as I can judge by this material it might represent a new species the taxonomic position of which remains uncertain as long as the fruits are unknown. CELTIS L. Celtis Julianae Schneider, n. sp. Arbor ad 27 m. alta; ramuli hornotini dense flavo-tomentelli v. subhirsuti, annotini paulo glabrescentes, distinctius striato-angulati, dein nigrescentes, lenticellis plus minusve numerosis rubiginosis ob- tecti; gemmae floriferae ovato-rotundae, obtusae, perulis extus rufo- hirsutis cinetae. Folia magna erassa, oblique late ovata, obovata v. obovato-elliptica, basi plus minusve inaequali obtusa v. acuta, apice satis subito breviter acuminata v. caudata, supra laete viridia, sub- scabra, in facie et costa nervisque flavescentibus paulo impressis laxe hirtella, subtus flavo-viridia v. distincte (insicco) flavescentia, costa ner- visque distincte elevatis reticulato-venosa (nervis lateralibus a costa exeuntibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3—5), omnino molliter villo- sula V. pubescentia, in facie sub microscopio reticulato-papillosa, mar- gine praecipue ultra medium crenato-dentata dentibus apiculatis et Junioribus saepe incurvis, interdum subintegra, 7-14 cm. longa et 5-8.5 em. lata v. elliptica ad 11 em. longa et ad 5.5 cm. lata; petioli Satis crassi, supra sulcati, tomentosi, 1-1.3 em. longi. Flores c basi ramulorum novellorum cymoso-aggregati, plerique 5-meri; perigonu lobi liberi 5, ovato-lanceolati, ut videtur 2 exteriores 3 interioribus sublongiores, omnes ad apicem extus fusco-villosi v. comosi, ceterum glabri v. margine ciliati, extus purpureo-maculati; stamina juvenilia 5 (-6), lobis breviora, glabra, normalia, filamentis disco villoso inserta; rudimenta gynaecei parva; pedicelli breves, hirsuti. Flores 9 apice ramulorum floriferum singuli axillares, plerique 4-meri; perigonia sta- minaque vix ab iis florum g diversa sed lobi etiam basin versus extus 266 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA sparse pilosi; ovaria glabra stigmatibus 2 pro genere normalibus elongatis coronata; pedicelli elongati, villosi. Fructus aurantiaci, ovato-globosi, glabri, ad 13 mm. longi et ad 11 mm. lati, obtusi; putamina ovato-globosa, hilo acuto-dentata et distincte foveolata, ceterum facie tantum indistincte v. vix foveolata et costa mediana instructa, circiter 10 mm. longa et 8 mm. crassa; pedicelli fructiferi ut ramuli tomentosi, satis crassi, 1.5-2.2 cm. longi. Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, woodlands, alt. 900-1100 m., November 1907 (No. 635, type; tree 12-27 m. tall, girth 1.2-3 m., fruit orange; with ripe fruits); same locality, mountainside, alt. 1200 m., April 1907 (No. 635%, co-type; tree 27 m. tall, girth 3 m.; with 9 flowers); same locality and date (No. 6355, co-type; with c flowers); same locality, mountainsides, alt. 900-1100 m., May 1907 (No. 635°; tree 12-27 m. tall, girth 1.2-3 m.; with very young fruits); same locality, alt. 900-1200 m., June 1907 (No. 6353; with leaves and unripe fruits); same locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1941; tree 13 m. tall; sterile); Changyang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 900 m., May 1907 (No. 635°; tree 12-13 m. tall, girth 1.2-1.8 m.; with very young fruits). This is a most distinct species, the nearest relative of which seems to be C. Vandervoetiana Schneider. According to Planchon’s description C. mollis Wallich apud Planchon (in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 297 [1848]) has a similar pubescence, but it has much smaller entire leaves and smaller fruits. The type of C. mollis was collected by N. Wallich in Upper Burma “ad ripas fluminis Irrawadi ad Avam,” and distributed sub No. 7203. There are young plants of C. Julianae growing in the Arnold Arboretum. The species is named in compliment to my e. This Celtis is fairly common in open country and on the margins of woods throughout western Hupeh between 600 and 1300 m. altitude. It forms a hand- some tree often 26 m. tall, with a clean straight trunk 3 m. in girth. The bark is smooth and very pale gray; the branches are stout and spread to form a round- topped erown. In winter and early spring the large red-brown flower-buds which densely stud the branchlets make the tree quite conspicuous. In autumn the large globose orange-colored fruits are very attractive. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 521 of the collection of my photo- graphs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 158. E. H. W. The following variety may be distinguished. Celtis Julianae, var. calvescens Schneider, n. var. A typo recedit ramulis pedicellisque fructiferis fere v. omnino cal- vescentibus distinctius lenticellosis et tenuissime verruculosis. Western Szech'uan: Chingchi Hsien, mountainsides, alt. 1200 m., Oetober 1908 (No. 1305, type; tree 30 m. tall, girth 3 m., fruits orange; with ripe fruits). ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 267 This tree is not uncommon in the warm dry valleys of the Yachou prefecture in western Szech’uan and here and there fine specimens are to be met with. A picture of one of these will be found under No. 277 of the collection of my photo- graphs and in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 156. Celtis Vandervoetiana Schneider, n. sp. Arbor ad 20 m. alta; ramuli etiam ut videtur novelli glaberrimi, hornotini rubro-brunnei, angulati, lenticellis concoloribus sparsis obtecti, annotini obscurius colorati; gemmae nondum satis evolutae purpureae, ovatae, plus minusve fusco-hirsutae. Folia magna, firma, ovato-elliptica, basi plus minusve inaequali subrotunda v. acuta, apice subsensim acuminata, supra intense v. dilute viridia, ut videtur levi- ter nitentia, glabra, costa nervis nervillisque planis flavescentibus, subtus plus minusve viridi-albescentia, costa nervisque elevatis, sed vix distincte reticulata, nervis lateralibus a costa exeuntibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3-5, in facie sub microscopio dense papillosa, tan- tum in axillis paulo barbata, margine praecipue ultra medium utrinque regulariter crenato-serrato-dentata, minimis exceptis 8-13 cm. longa, 4.5-7 em. lata; petioli 1.4-1.9 em. longi, superne anguste sulcati, glabri, flavo-brunnei. Flores adhuc ignoti. Fructus axillares, singuli, pedicellis 3-3.5 em. longis glabris suffulti, aurantiaci, glabri, ovato- elliptici, apiculati (in sicco), circiter 1.5 cm. longi et 1.1 cm. crassi; putamina ovato-oblonga v. ovata, hilo dentato et excavato excepto plus minusve leviter foveolata et costata. Western Szech'uan: Yungyang Hsien, roadsides, rare, alt. 1200 m., August 8, 1908 (No. 2320, type; tree 20 m. tall, girth 2.4 m.; with ripe fruits); without exact locality, ravine, alt. 600 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4467 ; tree 10 m. tall; with unripe fruits). This is a well-marked species, apparently most closely related to the preceding, but easily distinguished by its glabrousness and by its smooth leaves. The name is given in compliment to Mr. Christian van der Voet, Superintendent of the Arnold Arboretum. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 282 of the collection of Wilson’s Chinese photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 157. Celtis labilis Schneider, n. sp. Celtis sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 450 (non Persoon) (1894), quoad Henry’s Nos. 3404 et 7866. Arbor ad 17 m. alta; ramuli hornotini paullo angulati, flavo-tomen- tosi, breves fructiferi autumno v. hieme decidui, annotini glabrescentes vetustioresque cinereo-rubiginosi, teretes, lenticellis paullo discoloribus Parvis obtecti; folia adulta satis crassa, pleraque ovato- v. elliptico- oblonga, basi inaequali semirotunda v. obtusa, apice satis sensim 268 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA breviter acuminata, supra saturate viridia, in costa nervisque paulo impressis sparse pilosa, in facie pilis adpressis sparse obtecta, scabrius- cula, subtus in costa nervisque elevatis satis hirtella (nervis lateralibus a costa exeuntibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3-5 inter se paralleli- bus), vix barbata, nervillis leviter prominulis sparse hirtellis reticu- lata, etiam in facie pilis minimis difficile recognoscendis saepe brunnes- centibus glandulosis plus minusve instructa, discoloria, in sicco ci- nereo-brunnescentia, margine tantum ultra medium distincte regulariter subcrenato-serrata, 6-10 em. longa, 2.5-5 cm. lata (juniora in No. 2318 tenuia, subtus flavescentia, aeque pilosa, nondum reticulata, pro parte late ovato-rhomboidea et tantum 8 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata); petioli 5-8 mm. longi, crassi, tomentelli, superne sulcati. Flores ignoti (sed vide infra!). Fructus maturi plerique bini v. terni, pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis tomentellis suffulti, aurantiaci, ut videtur globosi, circiter 7-8 mm. crassi, glabri; putamina subglobosa, hilo lato obtuse rectan- gulari distincte foveolata, ceterum exigue v. vix foveolata et costata, circiter 5 mm. crassa. Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 900-1300 m., October 1907 (No. 444, type; fruits orange, branchlets articulating; tree 12-17 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.8 m.; with ripe fruits); Patung Hsien, alt. 900- 1300 m., October 1907 (No. 444°; same as No. 444); Ichang, not common, alt. 1-300 m., April 1907 (No. 2318; tree 7 m. tall, girth 0.9 m.; with well-developed young leaves and very young fruits); same locality, A. Henry (No. 3404; with young leaves and fruits, very similar to No. 2318, but all leaves oblong-elliptic). This is a very interesting species on account of its throwing off the fruit-bearing branchlets. It seems to be very closely related to C. cercidifolia Schneider (p. 276), and it needs further investigation to decide if that species may not represent only à variety of C. labilis. The types, however, look very different, but there are forms like Wilson's Nos. 2318 and 1761* which seem to connect the two species. There are young plants growing in the Arnold Arboretum raised from seed, sent by Wil- son under No. 444, the branchlets of which are covered with a very dense yellowish and rough pubescence. The leaves are more hairy than in the fruiting type and have a more copious and more crenate dentation, but they are ovate-oblong like those of old plants. There is a flowering specimen of Henry’s (No. 7866 in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum from Hupeh without precise locality), which may belong to C. labilis, but the flowers are very much alike in the different species of this genus. © No. 7866 I add the following description: Ramuli annotini vetustioresque ut in forma typica, novelli floriferi 3—4 cm. longi, flavo-tomentosi, foliis valde juvenilibus 1-1.5 em. longis oblongis acuminatis supra laxius subtus densius ut ramuli pilosis praediti. Inflorescentiae œ’ basi ramulorum axillares, fasciculato-cy ; flores plerique 4-meri; perigonii lobi ovato-oblongi, margine ciliati, ceterum glabri, extus leviter rubescentes; stamina normalia, juvenilia lobis aequilonga, disco piloso in- ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 269 Sería; rudimenta gynaecei parva; pedicelli breves, flavo-tomentelli; flores 2 (v. 9) ad apicem ramulorum axillares, plerique bini v. terni, a c? vix diversi sed gynaeceo distincto normali ultra medium flavo-piloso instructi. Here may be mentioned also a specimen collected by myself in Yunnan, be- tween Yungning and Yung-peh-ting, near Lan-ti-cho, June 27, 1914 (No. 1667). In the pubescenee of the branchlets it resembles C. labilis, but the leaves are more glabrous and show a somewhat different nervation. Unfortunately my material comes from a sterile plant which had been nearly cut down. Celtis labilis is common on the margins of woods and in open country throughout western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan from river-level up to 1300 m. altitude. It is a tree from 12 to 16 m. tall, with a straight trunk from 1 to 2 m. in girth, pale gray smooth bark, and relatively thin branches which form a neat, more or less oval crown. The species is easily recognized by the small fruit-bearing branchlets which drop off when the globose orange-colored fruits are ripe. It is in cultivation, but has not proved very hardy in this Arboretum. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 588 of the collection of my photo- graphs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 159. E. H. W. Celtis Bungeana Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 71 (1852). — "d Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 171 (1873). — Franchet in Now. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 79 (Pl. David. I. 269) (1884). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 47 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 137 (1893). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 449 (1894), exclud. No. 5735 Henryi.— E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 90 (Fl. Mansh. IL) (1903). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 229, fig. 147 q, 148 q (1904). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 33 (1905). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 253 n. — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 192 (Fl. Kor. IL) 11). Celtis chinensis Bunge in Mém. Sav. Bir. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, Il. 135 (Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 61) (non Persoon) (1833). ~ Celtis sinensis Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 286 (non Persoon) (1848).— Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 293 (1873), quoad specim. e China boreali; in Mél. Biol. IX. 27 (1873). — Baker & Moore in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 386 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 450 (1894), quoad specim. Henryi, No. 4214. — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 33 (1905). : Celtis Davidiana Carriére in Rev. Hort. 1868, 300. — Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 172 (1873). — André in Rev. Hort. 1894, 97. — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1210 (1898). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 228, fig. 147 k (1904). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & ul 929, t. 207, fig. 11 (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl.-I. 1914). Celtis Mairei Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 264 (1914). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, rare, alt. 1200 m., November 1907 (No. 595; tree 7-10 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.2 m., fruit 270 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA black); same locality, ete., May 23, 1907 (No. 595°; tree 10 m. tall, girth 1.2 m.; with young fruits; forma foliis satis late ovato-rhomboi- deis, pedicellis quam petioli vix duplo longioribus); Hsing-shan Hsien, roadsides, ete., alt. 50-200 m., October 1907 (No. 343; tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.9 m., fruits black; with ripe fruits and bark); same locality, alt. 600-900 m., roadside, June 1907 (No. 2319; tree 10 m. tall, girth 0.9 m.; with young fruits); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 900 m., November 1907 (No. 2317; bush 3 m. tall, fruits black); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 4214, 6483; with not yet ripe fruits). Northern Hupeh: ''Niang-Niang, monte 1890 m.," July 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 359; with unripe fruits); “ Catena di Ou-tan-scian," November 1909, C. Silvestri (No. 2939; with ripe fruits). Southeastern Szech'uan: "^ Huang pet’ang, Wald,” September 1891, A. v. Rosthorn (No. 804; ex Pritze). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 9323 in part in Herb. Arbor. Arnoldiano; tree 3-7 m. tall; with ripe fruits), “ plaine prés Long-Tan à Tong-Tchouan,” alt. 2500 m., August 1912, E. Maire (type of C. Mairei; with fruits); “ rives des canaux à Tong- Tchouan,” alt. 2000 m., April 1913, E. Maire (“arbre peu élevé”; with flowers). Northern Shensi: “presso Ta-sce-tsuen," Sep- tember 15, 1897, G. Giraldi (with ripe fruits). Shantung: Lung- tung, rocky situations, September 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 272; attains only a small size when growing wild, if planted and cared for, however, seems to grow much larger; with ripe fruits). Chili: near San-tun-ying, in rocky mountain ravines, May 29, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 965; with young fruits); Weichang, W. Purdom (sterile with young leaves and finely pubescent branchlets). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Song-chang, September 4, 1903, C. S. Sargent (with almost ripe but not yet black fruits); Wan-san, September 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent (similar to the preceding specimen); Chinnampo, September 17, 1905, J. G. Jack (with ripe black fruits). Mandshuria: Shengking, Tsien-shan, June 9, 1906, F. N. Meyer (No. 94; sterile, uncertain form with rather hairy branchlets and petioles, dentation of leaves rather coarse). d A well-marked, widely spread species with rather firm leaves which are greenish on both sides and somewhat glossy above. The black fruits have white and very smooth, almost globular stones, sometimes even broader than high. On young plants and vigorous shoots the leaves are much more hairy on the veins and more or less roughish, and also the branchlets are densely pubescent. The leaves are some- times narrow-lanceolate or lyrate as described in C. sinensis Persoon, p. 277, the dentation being very coarse and obtuse. In Sargent's specimens from Korea the Stones are very indistinctly reticulate, and the branchlets are partly very gibbous on account of the numerous distinct lenticels. Henry's specimen from Mengtsze agrees well with the forms from central and northern China. So does the type of C. Mairei Léveillé of which I have received some fragments through the kindness of the author. ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 271 This species occurs in open country, in thickets and by the side of streams from river-level up to 1600 m. altitude throughout western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan, but is nowhere common. It is a tree of medium size, growing from 10 to 15 m. tall, with a trunk from 1 to 2 m. in girth. The bark is smooth and light gray and the rather thick branches spread to form a broad flattened or rounded crown. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 625 of the collection of my photo- graphs and in my Vegetation of Western China, No. 160. E. H. W. Celtis cerasifera Schneider, n. sp. Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramuli (novelli ignoti) hornotini angulati, glabri v. versus basim internodiorum supra gemmas plus minusve puberuli, flavo-brunnescentes, lenticellis numerosis subconcoloribus obtecti, annotini cinereo-rubiginosi, distinctius lenticellosi; gemmes acuto-ovatae, adpressae, perulis brunneis margine intensius coloratis et tenuissime ciliatis in dorso plus minusve pilosis cinctae. Folia satis magna, firma, late lanceolata, late ovata v. ovato-elliptica, basi in- aequali rotunda v. fere subcordata sed nervis basalibus paulo in peti- olum productis, apice pleraque subsensim breviter acuminata, supra intense viridia, in costa nervisque leviter impressis sparse pilosa, cete- rum glabra, levia, subtus cinereo-albescentia sub microscopio dense reticulato-papillosa, in costa nervisque elevatis sparse hirtella (nervis lateralibus a costa exeuntibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis plerisque 3), in nervillis vix v. haud prominulis facieque glabra v. pilis paucis difficile recognoscendis instructa, margine satis grosse crenato-serrata, dentibus acutis 2-4 pro 1 em., minora ovato-lanceolata 6-8 em. longa et 3-4 cm. lata, majora latiora ad 9.5 em. longa et ad 6.2 cm. lata; petioli (8-)10-15 mm. longi, purpurascentes, glabri v. in suleo Superne pilosuli. Flores adhuc ignoti. Fructus maturi, nigri, glauco- pruinosi, globosi, circiter 1 cm. crassi, glabri, pedicellis glabris 2-2.5 cm. longis suffulti; putamina flavo-brunnescentia, ovato-elliptica, hilo dentata, costa mediana distincta instructa, ceterum in facie satis regulariter leviter v. distinctius foveolata et tuberculata, circiter 8 mm. longa et 6 mm. crassa. Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 1100 m., October 1907 (No. 593, type; tree 7-10 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.2 m., fruits black; With ripe fruits); Wushan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1100 m., September 1907 (No. 442; 3 m. tall, fruits black; with almost ripe fruits. Young plants are growing in the Arnold Arboretum). This species seems to be well characterized by its papillose leaves and by its rather large bluish-black fruits, not unlike small cherries, and by its irregularly Pitted and gibbous stones. It may be most nearly related to C. jessoensis Koidzumi, which has thinner, more closely serrate, mostly narrower and longer-pointed leaves, 272 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA and smaller fruits which are apparently not pruinose but shining. See also my remarks under C. jessoensis, p. 281. Not uncommon in open country, by the side of streams and on the mountains of western Hupeh and eastern Szech’uan. It is a slender tree from 10 to 23 m. tall, with a trunk from 0.6 to 1.5 m. in girth; the bark is smooth and very pale gray (almost white); the branches are thin and rather sparse, forming a narrow crown. This species is in cultivation and has proved quite hardy in this Arboretum. A picture of this tree will be found under No. 0174 of the collection of my photographs. E. H.W: Celtis Biondii Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 252, fig. 3 (1910). Celtis sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 450 (non Persoon) (1894), quoad specim. Henryi No. 5276 et probabiliter alia. — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 296 (1900). Celtis Bungeana Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 449 (non Blume) (1894), quoad specimen Henryi No. 5735. ?Celtis spec. E. Pritzel, 1. c. (1900). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, roadside, ete., alt. 100-950 m., April-May 1907 (No. 2321; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 0.9-1.5 m.; with young leaves and old 9 flowers); same locality, cliffs, glens in gorges, May 1900 and later (Veitch Exped. No. 249; shrub 0.8 m. tall; the number consists of young flowering branchlets and branchlets with young leaves and young fruits and also with old leaves and ripe fruits); same locality, ete., April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 1761; shrub 1.2 m. tall; with flowers); same locality, A. Henry (No. 3100; with old leaves and ripe fruits); same locality?, A. Henry (Nos. 3150, 5276; same as No. 3100); * Sian-men-kou, alt. circ. 900 m.,” May 1, December 10, 1906, C. Silvestri (No. 357, type; ex Pampanini); ** Monte Triora, alt. 1950 m.,” July 3, 1907, C. Silvestri (Nos. 358, 358°, co-types; ex Pam- panini). Eastern Szech’uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5735; with young fruits, leaves up to 10 cm. long and 3.5 em. broad); “ Shan- tzu-p’ing,” August 1891, A. von Rosthorn (No. 301; sterile); district Cheng-kou-ting, P. Farges (Hort. Vilmorin, No. 681; living plants in Arnold Arboretum). Kiangsi: Kuling, thickets, not common, alt. 1200 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1520; tree 8 m. tall; fruits not yet ripe). Kiangsu: Spirit Valley near Nanking, in woods and on rocky places, June 4, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1425; tree; with unripe fruits). Unfortunately I have not seen a type specimen of Pampanini’s, but the speci- mens cited above agree with the author’s description, except that the leaves are not so broad as those of Pampanini’s figure, which in their shape more closely resemble the leaves of the following variety. A part of Wilson’s No. 249 with young fruits has broad young leaves, while in Henry’s No. 5735 the leaves are large but narrow. The old leaves are yellowish brown beneath and the finer veins are more ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 2/3 / or less impressed and not prominent. The pubescence and other characters are the same as described in var. heterophylla Schneider on p. 282. C. Biondii seems to be a widely distributed and variable species. The two varieties look rather distinct in their typical forms and have also a different geographical distribution, but the type seems to be connected with var. heterophylla by the specimens from Kiangsi, the stones of which are globose and more distinctly pitted and gibbous; on the other hand var. Cavaleriei cannot be separated as a species. j The type may be briefly characterized as follows: Folia pleraque ovato-oblonga, 2-214-plo longiora quam lata, margine plus minusve integra v. ultra medium satis breviter et acute dentata, adulta utrinque pilis sparsis adpressis instructa v. in facie fere glabra. Putamina (an semper?) ovato-elliptica v. ovato-oblonga. Cetera ut in var. heterophylla descripta. . Celtis Biondii is a common tree at low altitudes in Hupeh and in Szech'uan and is known in the vernacular as the P’o shu. In Chinese Herbals and other books it is referred to as the Ch’ing-t’an shu. E. H. W. Celtis Biondii, var. Cavaleriei Schneider, n. var. Celtis Cavaleriei Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 440 (1912). A typo praecipue differt foliis adultis plerisque late ovatis v. ovato- rotundatis paullo v. vix duplo longioribus quam latis 4-9 cm. longis et 3-5.5 em. latis ultra medium satis grosse et obtuse dentatis; puta- minibus plus minusve globosis tenuiter et anguste sed satis distincte foveolato-gibboso-reticulatis. Western Szech'uan: west and near Wén-ch’uan Hsien, val- leys, alt. 900-1600 m., September 1908 (No. 972; tree 10-17 m. tall, girth 1.2-2.4 m., fruits orange; with ripe fruits); near Wa-shan, Tung River valley, rare, alt. 550-650 m., September 21, 1908 (No. 933; small tree 7 m. tall, girth 0.6 m., fruits orange; with ripe fruits). Kweichou: Pin-fa, September 4, 1902, J. Cavalerie (No. 394, type of C. Cavaleriei; with ripe fruits). Yunnan: Milé district, Teng- tien, old woods, November 1, A. Henry (No. 9938; tree 7 m. tall, fruit red; with ripe fruits); Puerh Fu, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 13509; tree 7 m. tall; sterile). , Through the kindness of Mgr. Léveillé I have received some leaves and fruits of his iype. It agrees well with Wilson's specimens. According to Henry the fruit ìs "red," but it seems to have the same yellowish or brownish red color as in the type the fruits of which are said by Wilson to be “ orange.” Otherwise there is y any difference between the specimens from Yunnan and those collected by Wilson. _In No. 9938 the old leaves are distinctly reticulate beneath, although the finest veinlets are not prominent but almost impressed. The fruits are mostly 2(-3) on the same pedicel, but I have seen neither flowers, young leaves or branch- lets. The stones are hardly distinguishable from those of var. heterophylla Schnei- der or from those of Wilson's specimen from Kiangsi. 274 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM CHINAE JAPONIAEQUE. Inflorescentiae 9 uniflorae v. fasciculato-cymosae, 2-3 florae, pedicellis separa- tis v. ima basi coalitis v. interdum singulis bifloris . . . Sect. 1. EUCELTIS. Fructus maturi maximi, aurantiaci; putamina circiter 10 mm. longa et 8 mm. crassa. Folia adulta magna, 8-13 cm. longa et 5-9 cm. lata, crassa, supra flavo-viridia, subtus (in sicco) distincte flavescentia. Folia adulta supra plus minusve aspera, subtus molliter villosa, elevato- retieulata, in facie sub microscopio reticulato-papillosa. Ramuli, petioli pedicellique fructiferi crassi dense tomentelli v. in var. calvescente partim glabrescentes. Fructus ovato-globosi; putamina hilo dentato et excavato excepto vix v. indistincte foveolata et costata . . . . .. 1. C. Julianae. Folia adulta tantum in axillis nervorum subtus paulo barbata, ceterum glaber- rima, supra nitentia, subtus vix reticulata, densissime sub lente papillosa. Ramuli, petioli pedicellique fructiferi glabri. Fructus ovato-elliptici; putamina ovata, plus minusve leviter foveolata et costata. 2. C. Vandervoetiana. Fructus maturi putaminaque minora v. folia non distincte flavescentia v. minora et tenuiora. Pedicelli fructiferi satis breves, petiolis paulo v. vix subduplo longiores v. interdum breviores. : Folia subtus distincte reticulata v. flavescentia cinnamomeave (non glauco- albescentia et sub microscopio dense papillosa). : Ramuli pedicellique fructiferi glabri. Folia subcoriacea, subtus in sicco brunnescentia, in costa nervisque primariis elevatis sparse pilosa, in axillis barbata, ceterum glabra, rete nervorum vix v. parum prominulo. Folia satis sensim acuminata, vix 6 cm. longa. Putamina hilo acuto excepto laevissima; pedicelli vix ultra 12 mm. longi. 7. C. amphibola. Folia apice abrupte et longe acuminata v. caudata, maxima ad 11 cm. longa. Putamina in tota facie leviter foveolata et indistincte costata, hilo obtusiora; pedicelli saepe ad 15 mm. longi. 8. C. yunnanensis. Ramuli pedicellique fructiferi puberuli. Folia in facie subtus pilosula v. distinctius elevato-reticulata. ; Folia adulta subtus facie glabra, elevato-reticulata, vix discoloria (non brunnescentia), satis parva, pleraque 2-4 cm. longa, apice plus minusve obtusa, margine vix v. sparse dentata. Putamina ovato- elliptica, fore laevis oe ec a 9. C. nervosa. foveolata. ; Folia magna, membranacea, integerrima, maxima ramulorum fructi- ferorum 11-12 cm. longa et 5-6 cm. lata. Fructus aurantiaci; putamina ovata, obtusa, tenuissime punctato-reticulata. pope 3. C. Bodiniert. Folia minora v. plus minusve distincte dentata serratave. ume Ramuli breves fructiferi autumno v. hieme toti (an omnes?) decidui, plus minusve dense flavo-tomentelli. Folia ovato- v. óbovato- elliptica (v. rhomboidea?). Putamina subglobosa, hilo obtuso distincte ceterum exigue v. vix foveolata et costata. C. labii | | ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 275 Ramuli fructiferi non decidui, minus dense pilosi v. putamina ex- imie foveolata et costata v. levissima. Putamina levia, hilo distincte dentata. Folia ovato- v. rhomboi- deo-rotunda, paulo longiora quam lata, basi inaequali ro- tunda, truncata v. subcordata . . . . 5. C. cercidifolia. Putamina in tota facie foveolata et costata. Folia saepissime ovata v. ovato-rhomboidea v. ovato-lanceolata, majora, 2- 23-plo longiora quam lata, basi inaequali pleraque plus minusve BOMA: ot e uL AL ee RE. EN 6. C. sinensis. Folia subtus distincte glauco-albescentia, sub microscopio dense papillifera, oblongo-ovata, basi plus minusve acuta, apice acuminata. Ramuli, petioli pedicellique fructiferi glabri. Putamina ovata, tantum versus hilum satis obtusum exigue foveolata, ceterum levia, indistincte costata. 10. C. formosana. Pedicelli fructiferi (saltem longiores) petiolos plerique 2-4-plo superantes. Putamina facie levia (rarius valde indistincte reticulata), hilo valde obtuso excepto plus minusve irregulariter globosa. Ramuli, petioli (sulco saepe excepto) pedicellique fructiferi glabri. Folia satis crassa, subtus vix discoloria, pleraque barbulis exceptis glabra . . . 11. C. Bungeana. Putamina plus minusve distincte et anguste (punctiforme) foveolata v. gibbosa et costata. Ramuli, petioli pedicellique fere semper plus minusve pilosi v. folia subtus eximie discoloria. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum subtus satis distincte viridi- v. albo- cinerascentia, sub microscopio dense papilloso-reticulata, pleraque late ovata, basi excepta circumcirca serrato-dentata; petioli 0.8- 1.5 cm. longi. Fructus singuli, nigri; putamina irregulariter gibbosa foveolatave et costata. Fructus magni, glauco-pruinosi, circiter 1 cm. erassi. Folia chartacea, satis grosse crenato-serrata, dentibus 2-4 pro 1 cm. 12. C. cerasifera. Fructus minores, nigri (ut videtur nitentes). Folia satis membranacea, plus minusve angustius argutiusque serrata, dentibus acutioribus AUOD IE .. Q4 us. ee 13. C. jessoensis. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum subtusin sicco cinnamomea v. flavescentia, haud dense papilloso-reticulata rate nervillarum paullo impresso; petioli vix ad 8 mm. longi. Fructus aurantiaci, saepe bini v. terni; putamina anguste punctiforme foveolata . . . .-. 14. C. Biondi. Inflorescentiae 9 elongato-cymosae, pluri-florae. Fructus saepe singuli sed pedun- culo cicatricibus pedicellorum aliorum delapsorum instructo (confer etiam 16. We a rs Fe I Sect. 2. SPONIOCELTIS. 15. C. Salvatiana. ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM JAPONIAE CHINAEQUE: Sect. 1. EUCELTIS Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér 3, X. 263 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 169 (1873). l. Celtis Julianae Schneider. See p. 265. Celtis Julianae, var. calvescens Schneider. See p. 266. * Celtis polycarpa Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 296 (1912), of which I Ve seen a specimen, is Bischofia javanica Blume. 276 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 2. Celtis Vandervoetiana Schneider. See p. 267. 3. Celtis Bodinieri Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 265 (1914); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 424 (1915). Ad descriptionem valde incompletam auctoris addenda v. emendenda: Arbor ad 10 m. alta; ramuli hornotini (initio ut videtur densius) flavescenti-vil- losuli, satis tenues, subangulati, annotini obscure rubro-brunnescentes, valde v. omnino glabrescentes, lenticellis paullo discoloribus obtecti, teretes. Folia magna, firma sed tenuia, late ovato-oblonga, basi inaequali plus minusve rotunda, apicem versus subsensim acuminata, interdum fere caudata, supra intense viridia (in vivo nitidula?), tantum in costa nervisque vix elevatis v. subimpressis sparse pilosula, subtus plus minusve discoloria, in sicco flavo-brunnescentia, in costa nervisque elevatis sparse pilosa, tenuiter elevato-reticulata, etiam in facie pilis minimis saepe fuscis et glandulosis conspersa, in axillis barbulata, sub microscopio valde indistincte reticulato-papillosa, margine integerrima, minimis exceptis 9-12 cm. longa, 4.5-6 em. lata; petioli superne sulcati, tenuiter pilosi, 5-10 mm. longi. Inflorescentiae et flores normales, 9 axillares singuli ad terni; ovaria glabra. Fructus (an satis maturi?) aurantiaci, ovato-globosi, circiter ad 7 mm. longi et 5 mm. crassi, glabri; putamina ovata, ad hilum obtusa et non foveolata, in facie tenuissime punctato- reticulata, sutura mediana tenui incisa, circiter 5 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata; pedicelli tenuiter pilosi, 8-12 mm. longi. CHINA. Kwei-chou: “ environs de Kouy-chang, bois de la pagode Lan- Yo-Chan, 10 avril 1899," E. Bodinier (No. 1633, co-type; with flowers); “ jardin du Pe-Tang et environs de la ville,” June 10, 1897, E. Bodinier (No. 2587, type; with not yet ripe fruits and leaves). Yunnan: Szemao, Yulo, mountains to the south, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12881; with young fruits). : This is apparently a well-marked species. Mgr. Léveillé has kindly sent me fruits and flowers and a leaf of Bodinier's type-numbers. I have little doubt that Henry's specimen represents the same species. The leaf of the type has the same fine brownish glandular hairs on the lower surface as [have described above from Henry's plant, and it is not “ glabra" as stated by the author. Léveillé calls Bodinier's plant * maxima arbor." The lobes of the perigone are glabrous on the inner side and not “ intus tomentelli,” a fact I have never observed in any Celtis. 4. Celtis labilis Schneider. See p. 267. 5. Celtis cercidifolia Schneider, n. sp. Celtis sinensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 450 (non Persoon) (1894), quoad specimen Henryi, No. 2262. Frutex v. arbor?; ramuli hornotini fructiferi distincte v. tantum partim flaves- centi-tomentelli, satis angulati, rubiginosi, lenticellis flavescentibus sparsis con- spersi, annotini glabrescentes vetustioresque plus minusve nigrescentes. Folia adulta crasse papyracea, ovato- v. rhomboideo-rotunda, basi inaequali rotunda, truncata v. subcordata, apice acutata v. satis subito breviter acuminata, tantum infra acuminem margine breviter serrata, 4-6 cm. longa, 2.5-4.5 cm. lata (in No. 1761* ad 7.5 cm. longa et 5 em. lata), supra intense viridia (an subnitentia?), levia, in costa nervisque impressis et in nervillis subimpressis plus minusve sparse V. VIX pilosa, subtus discoloria, in sicco plus minusve brunnescentia, in costa nervisque elevatis et nervillis paulo prominulis sparse pilosa, in facie tenuissime sparse glan- ' duloso-pilosa, nervis lateralibus a costa exeuntibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3-4, interdum basi sub 5-nervia; petioli 5-8 mm. longi, superne sulcati, tomentelli. Flores adhue ignoti. Fructus maturi ut videtur aurantiaci, subglobosi, circiter 6-7 mm. crassi, glabri; putamina globosa, hilo distincte dentato excepto levia, circiter 5 mm. crassa (in No. 1761? leviter costata et exigue v. vix striato-foveolata). ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 277 Western Hupeh: Ichang, A. Henry (No. 2262, type; with ripe fruits); same locality, glens in gorges, August 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1761? in Herb. New York Bot. Gard.; with almost ripe fruits). This species looks very distinct on account of its leaves, which in shape resemble those of a Cercis, but, as I have stated under C. labilis Schneider, on p. 267, Wilson's No. 1761? seems to be somewhat intermediate between these two species. According to Wilson C. labilis is a tree, while No. 1761? forms only a low shrub. The stone of the only fruit of the type I have seen is very smooth, like that of C. Bungeana Blume, while in the typical C. labilis the stones are more or less finely pitted and ribbed; but the stones of the almost ripe fruits of No. 1761* are some- what intermediate between these two conditions. 6. Celtis sinensis Persoon, Syn. I. 292 (1805), descriptio valde manca, sed fide Blume. — Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. ed. 2, 81 (1811); Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 68 (1813). — Schultes in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. VI. 306 (1820). — Lou- don, Arb. Brit. III. 1416 (an pro parte?) (1838). — Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XV. 37 (1841); Hist. Vég. XI. 126 (1842). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 70 (1852). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 324 (1861).— Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd- Bat. II. 197 (1865-6); Prol. Fl. Jap. 129 (1866-7). — K. Koch, Dendr. 1l. pt. 1, 431 (1872). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 293 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 27 (1873), exclud. specim. e China boreali. — Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 172 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. 1. 431 (1875). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 46 (1892), exclud. icone. — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 450 (pro parte) (1894). — Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. Suppl. 85 (List Pl. Formosa) (1896), exclud. No. 1616. — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1209 (1898). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 190 (Consp. Fl. Kor. YI.) (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 229, fig. 147 r-r*, 148 r (1904). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII, 370 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 192 (Fl. Kor. IL) (1911); Icon. Pl. Koisik. I. 3, t. 2, fig. II. (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 32 (1912). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 243 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Celtis orientalis Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 114 (non Linnaeus) (1784). Celtis Willdenowiana Schultes in Roemer & Schultes, Syst. VI. 306 (1820).— Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1416 (1838). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 222 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 98) (1846). — Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 287 (1848). Celtis japonica Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 172 (1873). CHINA. Kwangtung: Soo-kun-po, March 8, 1893, C. Ford (flowering branchlets). Hongkong: 1853-6, C. Wright (No. 457; with very young fruits); same locality (No. 1068 Herb. Hance; sub nom. C. serotina Planch. distributa; vix indigena; with young fruits); same locality, planted, C. Wilford (with flowers and With very young fruits). Kiangsu: “S'un Ss’on Chi," temple of the God of War, June 2, 1913, J. Bailie (No. 6; with unripe fruits). Formosa: without precise locality, 1864, R. Oldham (Nos. 512, 513; both with unripe fruits). „> The description runs: “ fol. lato-ovatis crenatis glaberrimis, venis prominen- tibus. Hab. in Sina. Ex. hort. Celsii. Fol. majuscula, obtusa.” According to the Phrase “ fol, glaberrimis,” one might be inclined to refer Persoon’s name to what is now called C. Bungeana, but Blume had seen Persoon’s type, and says: Specimen genumum Herbarii Person exacte congruit cum aliis arborum juniorum ex Japonia. It is on the authority of Blume's statements that I accept Persoon's name for Species. 278 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Port Hamilton, 1859, C. Wilford (sine num. in Herb. Gray; with very young fruits); Fusan, temple grounds, September 5, 1903, C. S. Sargent (large tree; leaves more or less obovate, above the middle very coarsely crenate-dentate); same locality, September 6, 1903, C. S. Sargent (sterile; leaves large, ovate); Chinnampo, September 17, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile, apparently from a young plant, leaves similar to those of the preceding specimen) j October 1907, Taquet (No. 344; with ripe fruits); same locality, “in pagis," June 1909, T'aguet (No. 3211; with young fruits); same locality, “in pagis Tai- pyang (?)," July 1909, Taquet (No. 3212; sterile); same locality, “ in pago Hongno,” July 1910, Taquet (No. 4417; with unripe fruits); same place, April 10, 1908, Taquet (No. 4702; with flowers). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Rikuzen, Sendai, cultivated, August 27, 1905, J. G. Jack (with unripe fruits); prov. Iwashiro, Fukura, September 13, 1892, J. H. Veitch (with fruits); prov. Musashi, Tokyo, April 18, 1905 and September 17, 1911 (ex Herb. Sakurai; flowers and with fruits); same locality, April 19, 1882, K. Miyabe (with flowers); same locality, May 23, 1888, K. Miyabe (with very young fruits); same locality, May 1908 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.; with c flow- ers); same locality, June 1908 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.; with 9 flowers); same locality, Arakawa, common, April 20, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6477; tree 10-20 m. tall, girth 0.9-2.4 m., bark gray, smooth; with old flowers); Yokohama, 1862, C. Mazimowicz (with flowers and with ripe fruits); prov. Sagami, road from Atami to Odawara, August 25, 1892, C. S. Sargent (large tree, pale bark; with fruits); prov. Idzu, *Simodah," May 17, 1855, C. Wright (a spreading tree; with young fruits); “ Simoda,” S. W. Williams & J. Morrow (with young fruits); prov. Mimasaka, August 6, 1903, S. Arimoto (with fruits) Kyushu: prov. Hizen, Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham (No. 722; with unripe fruits; without No., flowering branchlets); same locality, common, June 5, 1899, U. Faurie (No. 3653; with young fruits); near Naja near Nagasaki, November 12, 1903, C. S. Sargent (with ripe fruits); prov. Buzen, Noji, September 10, 1905, J. G. Jack (with ripe fruits); without locality (ex Herb. Lugd.-Bat., distributed as C. Willdenowiana Schultes; with fruits). This species is well distinguished by the characters given in the key on p. 275. The leaves of vigorous plants usually are large and somewhat resemble in their shape those of C. jessoensis Koidzumi. On vigorous shoots the pubescence of the leaves is not only very rough on both sides, but also the shape of the leaves is often variable, as they are often abruptly contracted below their middle into a more or less distinctly caudate, mostly entire narrow-lanceolate apex; there may be every transition from this lyrate form to the normal shape. Such a change of shape occurs in the leaves of young plants in different (probably in most of the) species of Celtis. The stones of C. sinensis are more or less irregularly pitted and ribbed or some- times rather smooth (see Taquet’s No. 344). To this species seems closely related, according to the author's description, C. boninensis Koidzumi (in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 183 [1913]), from the Ryukyu (Liukiu) Islands, Okinawa. The young branchlets are *'ferrugineo-tomentosi mox glabri," the leaves “ membranacea, nascentia utrinque rufo-pubescentia cito glabra . . . usque 14 cm. longa, 6 cm. lata; petiolis cito glabris 10-5 mm. longis." The fruit is “ carnea 6-7 mm. in diametro; pedicellis 10-14 mm. longis solitariis v. geminis, endocarpio laeve.” The main differences from C. sinensis seem to be the large leaves and smooth stones. The only specimen before me which some- what agrees with the description is Jack's specimen from Chinnampo, but neither the branchlets nor the petioles are glabrous, and there are no fruits. ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 279 A picture of this tree will be found under No. 668 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs and also in his Vegetation of Western China, No. 161. 7. Celtis amphibola Schneider, n. sp. Arbor ad 7 m. alta; ramuli (novelli ignoti) hornotini fructiferi satis tenues, subteretes, rubro-brunnescentes, glabri, lenticellis discoloribus conspersi, vetustiores cinereo-rubiginosi. Folia adulta firma, levia, ovato-rhomboidea v. ovato-oblonga, basi paulo v. vix obliqua plus minusve rotunda, apice sensim v. subito in acumen integrum producta, interdum subcaudata, margine triente inferiore excepto satis regulariter acute dentata, 3.5-5.5 cm. longa, ad 2.5 em. lata v. latiora ad 3.8 em. lata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3-4, supra saturate viridia, in costa nervisque subimpressis sparse pilosa, ceterum glabra, subinciso-reticulata, subtus in sicco plus minusve brunnescentia, in costa nervisque elevatis sparsissime pilosa pleraque barbulata, ceterum glabra, rete nervorum vix v.paullo prominente; petioli 5-7 mm. longi, superne sulco pilosuli. Flores adhuc ignoti. Fructus maturi aurantiaci (v. nigrescentes?), subglobosi, circiter 7 mm. crassi, glabri; putamina subglobosa, levia, sed hilo obtuso dentata et foveolata, circiter 6 mm. longa et 5 mm. crassa; pedicelli glabri v. ima basi pilosi, 7-9 mm. longi, singuli. CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtsze, great gully, wood, October 18, A. Henry (No. 9323 in part, type, in Herb. New York Bot. Garden; tree 7 m. tall, black and yellow fruits; with ripe fruits). ie In many respects this species is very similar to the following species, of which it May represent only a variety, but it can be distinguished from it by its smaller leaves and its smooth stones. Henry’s No. 9323 contains different species; the - in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum belongs to C. Bungeana lume. The specific name is derived from du@iSodos, misleading. 8. Celtis yunnanensis Schneider, n. sp. Frutex v. arbor?; ramuli (novelli ignoti) hornotini fructiferi subangulati, pro parte pilosuli, purpurascentes, lenticellis sparsis discoloribus obtecti, vetustiores rubiginosi distinctius lenticellosi; gemmae ovatae, adpressae, perulis pluribus fimbriatis extus puberulis obtectae. Folia adulta firma, levia, basi inaequali rotun- data, ovata v. obovata sed apice abrupte in acuminem 3-4 cm. longum integrum caudatum producta, in margine unius lateris a medio ad basim acuminis irregu- lariter dentata, alteri lateris integra (an semper?), ovato-lanceolata subsensim acuminata, 4-8.5 cm. longa et 2.3-3.5 em. lata, latiora abrupte caudata 6-8.5 cm. longa et 3.5-4.5 cm. lata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3-4, Supra saturate viridia, in costa nervisque subimpressis sparse (v. ad basim in- tensius) pilosa, ceterum glabra, subinciso-reticulata, subtus in sieco brunnescentia V. rubiginosa, in costa nervisque elevatis sparse pilosa, vix barbulata, in nervillis vix prominulis facieque glabra; petioli 5-9 mm. longi, satis crassi, superne pilosi, suleati. Flores adhuc ignoti. Fructus maturi singuli v. bini, globosi, ut videtur aurantiaci, circiter 8 mm. crassi, glabri; putamina globosa, hilo paulo producto obtusa, in tota facie leviter foveolata, vix distinete costulata, circiter 6 mm. crassa; pedicelli tantum basi parce pilosi, 10-15 mm. longi. : CHINA. Yunnan: Mi-lé, A. Henry (No. 9323 A, type, in Herb. New York Bot. Garden; with ripe fruits). ; As I have stated above, this species is apparently closely related to the preceding, but as long as we do not know the flowers and young leaves it seems better to keep the two distinct. ux Here may be mentioned a Celtis which I collected in Yunnan in the Tali region not far from Teng-chuan, September 27, 1914 (No. 2709). The ripe fruits are 280 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA bluish black, about 8 mm. thick, and the stones much resemble those of C. yunna- nensis. The leaves are ovate with a more or less distinctly long-pointed apex or somewhat rhomboid-ovate, and they measure up to 11 cm. in length and 5.8 em. in width. I do not know the color of the ripe fruits of C. yunnanensis, and I am not quite sure if my specimen represents a form of it or a new species. There is also some resemblance to C. Salvatiana (see p. 283), of which the fruits and the mature leaves are still unknown. The shape of the leaves seems to be rather variable in some species, those of my number are somewhat intermediate in shape between C. amphibola and C. yunnanensis, but the stones of these two species look very different. 9. Celtis nervosa Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 450 (1894). — Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV. Suppl. 85 (List Pl. Formosa) (1896). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 370 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 11. pt. 2, 32 (1912). CHINA. Formosa: Ape’s Hill, Playfair (No. 458, type; ex Hemsley); same locality, summit, A. Henry (shrub 0.6 m. tall; with ripe fruits); Takow, December 11, A. Henry (No. 2035, in Herb. New York Bot. Garden; tree 7 m. or more tall; with old leaves, fruits wanting). The leaves of No. 2035 are up to 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, and are somewhat rough on both surfaces, the midrib and nerves being not quite so glabrous as in the other specimen. The fruits are described as “ glauca," but Henry says nothing about the color. The stones may be described as: ovato-elliptica, hilo paullo pro- ducta vix apiculata et foveolata, lateraliter compressa, facie exigue foveolata v. pro parte maxima levia, tenuiter costulata, circiter 5 mm. longa et 3.5 mm. crassa. The flowers are unknown, and the relationship of this well-marked species re- 10. Celtis formosana Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. Art. 1, 272 (Mat. Fl. Formos.) (1911). Celtis sinensis Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. XXIV.Suppl. 85 (List Pl. Formos.) (non Persoon) (1896), quoad No. 1616. Celtis philippinensis Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 369 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (non Blanco) (1906). CHINA. Formosa: Kelung and Pachina, 1896, 7. Makino (type ex Hayata); Naibun, February 1907, G. Nakahara (co-type, ex Hayata); Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 1616, in Herb. Arnold Arb.; tree 17 m. tall; with ripe fruits). ‘ I have not seen a type specimen, but Henry’s No. 1616 agrees well with Hayata’s description, only the petioles and pedicels are a little longer, measuring about 12-14 mm. each, while according to Hayata the petioles are 8 mm. long and the pedicels 10 mm. long. The dried leaves are whitish beneath and densely papil- lose under the microscope. The species is totally different from C. philippinensis Blanco which belongs to sect. Solenostigma. Hayata says it is “ near to C. aus- tralis Linn. and C. tetrandra Roxb.,” but the former differs widely in its densely cuspidate-serrate leaves and in other respects, while the latter, as far as I know, has distinctly furrowed and ribbed stones, which are almost smooth in Henry’s specimen and may be described as: ovato-oblonga, versus hilum truncatum paullo produetum leviter foveolata, ceterum facie levia, vix costulata, lateraliter vix v. paulo compressa, circiter 7 mm. longa et 5 mm. crassa. This species may be most nearly related to some of the hitherto very little known subtropieal or tropical species of this section from southeastern Asia. 11. Celtis Bungeana Blume. See p. 269. 12. Celtis cerasifera Schneider. See p. 271. ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 281 13. Celtis jessoensis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 183 (1913). Celtis Bungeana Nakai, Icon. Pl. Koisik. I. 3, t. 2, fig. 1 (non Blume) (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 31 (1912). Ad descriptionem addenda v. emendanda: Arbor ad 23 m. alta.; ramuli novelli (v. surculorum) hirtello-pubescentes v. glabri, hornotini annotinique fructiferi plerique glaberrimi, subangulati, intense brunnescentes v. subfusci, ut vetus- tiores cinerascentes lenticellis numerosis discoloribus obtecti; gemmae oblongo- ovatae, acutae, adpressae, perulis brunnescentes ad marginem intense coloratis et tenuissime ciliatis in dorso subhirtellis cinctae. Folia ramulorum fructiferorum late ovata v. ovato-oblonga, basi inaequali rotundata v. plus minusve acuta, nervis ba- salibus paulo in petiolum productis, apice subsensim acuminata v. fere caudata, margine ima basi excepta satis anguste arguteque serrata serraturis 4-6 pro 1 em., minora angustiora 5-8 cm. longa, 2.5-4 em. lata, majora latiora ad 10 em. longa et 5-5.5 em. lata, supra satis viridia, in costa nervisque impressis sparse pilosa, ceterum glabra, levia, subtus discoloria, albo-viridia v. cinerascentia, in facie sub microsco- pio plus minusve reticulato-papillosa, in costa nervisque elevatis sparse pilosa, vix bar- bata, rete nervorum paulo prominulo, nervis lateralibus a costa exeuntibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 3, rarius 4, plantarum juvenilium v. sureulorum utrinque plus minusve scabra, subtus vix discoloria, margine grossius crenato-serrata v. crenata, ad 11 em. longa et ad 6 cm. lata; petioli 6-11 mm. longi, glabri v. in sulco superne pilosi v. in plantis juvenilibus surculisve hirtelli. Flores adhuc ignoti. Fructus etiam juveniles glabri, maturi nigri, ut videtur subnitentes, globosi?, circiter 8 mm. crassi; putamina brunnescentia, ovata, hilo lato obtusa v. plus minusve tridentata et foveolata, ceterum in facie plus minusve irregulariter foveo- lata et costata v. gibbosa, costa mediana distincte elevata, circiter 7 mm. longa et 5-6 mm. crassa; pedicelli glabri, 1.8-2.3 cm. (v. in Taquet's No. 1376 tantum 1.3-1.5 em.) longi. NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert “in pago Kang-kyeng"?, July 1908, Taquet (No. 1376; “fruit gros”; fruit not yet ripe, pedicels rather short); same locality, “ in sylvis," alt. 1600 m., October 1, 1910, Taquet (No. 4418; with ripe fruits, stones very similar to those of Sargent’s specimen from Moiwa-yama). 4 JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Moiwa-yama (sterile co-type, ex Koid- zumi); same locality, July 30, 1914, E. H. Wilson (sterile); same locality, “ hill near Sapporo," deep moist soil, September 18, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 17-20 m. tall, girth 5.4 m., with almost ripe fruits); probably same locality, Sapporo, wild, September 1885, K. Miyabe (sterile, named C. sinensis); Sapporo, Garden of the Forest Department, September 23, 1892, C. S. Sargent (shoot from young plant); same locality, Botanieal Garden, May 1914, K. Miyabe (with young leaves and very young fruits, named C. Bungeana); prov. Kitami, isl. Okujiri (sterile type; ex Koidzumi). Hondo: prov. Shinano, bank of the Kiso-gawa near Fukushima, October 27, 1892, C. S. Sargent (tree 20-23 m. tall; fruits apparently shining black); Prov. Mino, Nakatsugawa, September 6, 1905, J. G. Jack (with almost ripe fruits). According to Koidzumi this species has also been found in the province Uzen and Iwashiro in Hondo and in Shikoku, prov. Awa, Tsurugi-san. I have not seen a type Specimen, but Wilson’s sterile specimen from the Moiwa-yama agrees well with the author’s description. In Sargent’s fruiting specimen from the same locality the Stones are distinctly gibbous and ribbed on the surface and sharply dentate and Pitted at the narrow end, while the stones of the specimens from Kiso-gawa and Nakatsu-gawa have a very obtuse apex and are more or less distinctly pitted and gibbous. The specimens from Quelpaert certainly belong to this species. There 282 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA are young plants in the Arnold Arboretum raised from seeds sent from the Agri- cultural Department at Sapporo. According to the author’s description C. koraiensis Nakai in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 191 (1909); in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 191 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911) from Korea * Kyóngsan: Changdo et monte Phalchoryóng," T. Uchiyama (type ex Nakai) and “ Ham-gyóng: circa Somui et Quensan," T. Nakai (co-typeex Nakai), has larger black fruits (vulgo 1.3 em. longa"), the pedicels of which are 2.5-3 em. long. The leaves are described as * 5-11 em. longis, 2-7 cm. latis . . . praeter basi argute serratis, serratulis apice incurvis." Unfortunately Nakai does not clearly describe the stone. His phrase “ endocarpio osseo integro " seems to indi- cate that the stones are smooth. In that case C. koraiensis would be closely re- lated to C. Bungeana Blume, but on account of the serration of the leaves I am inclined to believe that Nakai's species may be the same as C. jessoensis. Not hav- ing seen a specimen, I cannot decide the question. Nakai compares his species with C. occidentalis Linnaeus from North America, which differs in many respects, while Koidzumi says of his C. jessoensis: “ Species Celtis Tournefortit Lam. affinis." Lamarck's species from southern Europe and western Asia differs widely in its bluish green leaves, its yellowish red fruits, in its almost smooth stones, etc. The nearest relative to either C. jessoensis or C. koraiensis is C. cerasifera Schneider see p. 271. 14. Celtis Biondii Pampanini. See p. 272. Celtis Biondii, var. Cavaleriei Schneider. See p. 273. Celtis Biondii, var. heterophylla Schneider, n. comb. ?Celtis sinensis Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 192 (Fl. Kor. II.) (pro parte, non Persoon) (1911). Celtis Bungeana, var. heterophylla Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 476 (descriptione valde incompleta) (1912). Frutex v. arbor?; ramuli hornotini (novelli intensius) flave hirtello-villosi, fructiferi interdum subglabri, rubiginosi, dense lenticellosi, saepe tenuissime rimulosi, subteretes, annotini cinereo-purpurascentes, glabri, lenticellis parvis numerosis discoloribus obtecti, vetustiores intensius cinerascentes; gemmae ovatae, paulo divaricatae, plus minusve dense adpresse flavo-hirtellae. Folia crasse mem- branacea, obovata v. obovato-subrotunda, basi inaequali rotunda sed plus minusve in petiolum producta v. acuta, apice rotunda v. fere truncata sed abrupte caudato- acuminata, margine tantum ultra medium ad basim acuminis satis grosse serrato- dentata serraturis saepe acutis et leviter incurvis, supra ut videtur obscure viridia, in costa nervisque impressis et etiam in facie sparse adpresse pilosa et levia v. dis- tincte hirta, seabra, subtus discoloria, cinerascentia v. in sicco brunnescentia, in costa nervisque et in facie sparse adpresse pilosa, paulo aspera v. (in Nos. 1375 et 2542) copiosius hirtella et distincte scabra, barbata, pilis saepissime flavescentibus, nervis lateralibus a costa orientibus utrinsecus basalibus 2 inclusis 2-3, basi interdum fere 5-nervia, minora3-4 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, majora ramulorum fructiferorum ad 5.5 em. (acumine 1-1.5 em. longo incluso) longa et ad 2.7 cm. (versus apicem) lata, v. ramulorum sterilium (No. 1375) latiora, ad 6.5 cm. (acumine fere ad 2 em. longo incluso) longa et ad 4.5 cm. lata; petioli 3-8 mm. longi, subhirsuti; stipulae lineares, pilosae et ciliatae, petiolis sublongiores. Flores c? ad basim ramulorum novellorum in No. 2542 remanentes normales, 4 meri; perigonii lobi ovato-lanceolati, ciliati, extus rubelli; 9 singuli v. plerique bini; perigonia et stamina ut in c^; ovaria (ut pedicelli longi) dense flavo-hirsuta, ceterum normalia. Fructus maturi ut videtur aurantiaci, glabri, globosi, 5-6 mm. crassi, pedicellis flavo-hirtellis v. ULMACEAE. — CELTIS 283 subglabris 1-1.5 cm. longis suffulti; putamina globosa, hilo valde obtuso vix foveo- lata, ceterum in facie subregulariter exigue foveolata, tenuiter costata, 4-5 mm. longa et 3-4 mm. crassa. CHINA. Fokien: without precise locality, Dunn's Exped. April-June 1905, (Hongkong Herb. No. 3433, as C. australis; with very young hairy fruits). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Southern Korea: Mokhpo, May 1909, Taquet (No. 2542; with old flowers); Quelpaert, “in pago Tschangmani "? (“ Tupyan- genapi" ex Léveill August 1909, Taquet (No. 3213, type-number; fruits almost ripe); “in sylvis Sampangsan," October 1908, Taquet (No. 1375; with ripe fruits and sterile). ; This variety is well characterized by the peculiar shape of its leaves, which mostly are broadest at the upper end below the caudate apex. The specimen from Fokien agrees well with those from Korea. Nakai, in his Flora Koreana, apparently confused it with C. sinensis Persoon, which is easily distinguished by the shape of its leaves, their different pubescence and serration, and also by its glabrous ovaries and the more irregularly and more deeply pitted stones. Our plant has no close relation to C. australis Linnaeus from southern Europe and western Asia, but it is most nearly related to the typical C. Biondii Pampanini, see p. 272, which has the same nervation and pubescence of the leaves and the same fruits and stones. Wil- son’s specimens from Kuling, mentioned under the type, look somewhat intermedi- ate between it and this variety, but the shape of the leaves is more oblong as it is In the type and not obovate. , Sect. 2. SPONIOCELTIS Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 263 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 180 (1873). The main difference of this section from sect. Euceltis is the elongated-cymose female inflorescence. But, as far as I can judge by the material before me, the Species of sect. Sponioceltis are so closely connected with those of Euceltis that it would be a more natural taxonomic arrangement to unite both these sections and to arrange the species in certain series according to their affinity. But as long as I cannot study all these species I think it best not to make any attempt to distin- guish different series. According to Planchon’s disposition the following new species belongs to sect. Sponioceltis. 715. Celtis Salvatiana Schneider, n. sp. ih < . Arbor ad 5 m. alta; ramuli novelli laxe flavescenti-villosi, hornotini glabres- centes, olivacei, subangulati, annotini glabri, rubescentes, lenticellis sparsis elon- gatis discoloribus, vetustiores cinereo-rubiginosi, tenuissime rimosuli. Folia Juvenilia ramulorum floriferorum membranacea, ovato- v. rhomboideo-lanceolata, basi inaequali subrotunda v. acuta, apice acuminata, supra tantum in costa ner- Visque sparse pilosa, subtus valde initio plus minusve villosula sed mox glabra et tantum barbata, a medio ad acumen utrinsecus plus minusve serrato-dentata, 4-6.5 em. longa, 1.5-3 em. lata, petiolis 2-5 mm. longis flavo-pilosis suffulta, ramulorum fructiferorum sed nondum matura circiter duplo majora, late ovato-oblonga, rarius paulo obovata, basi paulo inaequali plus minusve rotunda, apice subsensim late acuminata, textura pubescentiaque ut in juvenilibus, neryatione normali, subtus Paulo discoloria, levia, margine paulo infra medium ad basim acuminis satis ter suberenato-serrata, 7-10.5 cm. longa, 3.8-5 cm. lata v. tantum 10 cm. longa et 5.5 em. lata; petioli 3-6 mm. longi, flavo-pilosi. Inflorescentiae c? ad basim ramulorum floriferorum breviter elongato-cymosae, pluriflorae, pleraeque delapsae, ? in axillis foliorum superiorum elongatae, pleraeque triflorae; flores c" normales, 4-meri; perigonii lobi ovato-oblongi, ad marginem ciliati, ceterum glabri, extus ru- entes; stamina juvenilia incurvata, post anthesin lobis paullo longiora, antheris flavis in sicco basi thecarum albidis ; discus villosus; flores 9 a c? vix diversi, lobis 284 : WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA perigonii paulo angustioribus ad apicem extus pilosis; ovaria normalia apice ex- cepto glabra, stigmatibus normalibus longis linearibus coronata; pedicelli (et pedunculi) initio flavo-villosuli, deinde glabrescentes; inflorescentiae fructiferae petiolis 2-3-plo longiores. Fructus maturi ignoti. CHINA. Yunnan: Man-pan, red river bank, October 10, A. Henry (No. 10848, type in Herb. New York Bot. Garden; tree 5 m. tall; with flowers and very young leaves and also with young fruits and older leaves; same No. in Herb. Arnold Arboretum, with flowers and young leaves only). This species seems to be well distinguished from all the other species of this and the first section. According to Henry's note the flowering branches were collected in October and he says “7 and 9 flowers and young leaves (some old leaves)." It may be closely related to C. cinnamomea Lindley (in Wallich, Cat. No. 3696 [nomen nudum] [1829]; apud Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 303 [1848]), the type of which has been collected by N. Wallich in Assam, Silhet (No. 3696). To this species seem to belong a flowering specimen collected by Lane from a tree cultivated in Hort. Bot. Calcutta, April 26, 1899, and a specimen from Sikkim, “ reg. trop. alt. 3000 ped.," J. D. Hooker, with very young fruits. In both speci- mens the 9 inflorescences are longer, bearing 3-5 flowers, the pedicels of which are very short. The leaves of Hooker's specimen are “ subtus siccitate cinnamomeis," as said by Planchon. It is often confounded with Celtis tetrandra Roxburgh from the Himalaya and C. Roxburghii Planchon (C. trinervia Roxburgh, non Lamarck) = Burma. The Indian species and also those of southeastern Asia need a care- ul study. The species is named in honor of Pére Auguste Salvat, a distinguished French missionary, who was in charge of the French Catholic Mission at Tali Fu, in ap- preciation of valued service rendered to me while I was staying in that town during the autumn of 1914. PTEROCELTIS Max. Pteroceltis Tatarinowii Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Péters- bourg, X VIII. 293, fig. (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 27, t. (1873); in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. LIV. 53 (Fl. As. Or. Fragm.) (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 451 (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 297 (1900). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. 1.227, fig. 146 (1904). — Vilmorin & Bois, Frutic. Vilmorin. 205, fig. A-C (1905). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 264 (1914). Ulmus Cavaleriei Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XI. 296 (1912); Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 436 (1915). Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs, alt. 35 m., September 1907 (No. 255; much branched tree 17 m. tall, girth 4.5 m.; with ripe fruits); same locality, March 23, 1907 (No. 255°; with c and 9 flowers); same locality, April 24, 1907 (No. 255^; leafy branchlets with young fruits); same locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 136; tree 10 m. tall; with ¢ flowers only); Hsing-shan Hsien, roadside, alt. 1100 m., October 1907 (No. 268; tree 13 m. tall, branching from near base; ULMACEAE. — PTEROCELTIS 285 with ripe fruits); same locality, May 1907 (No. 268%; with young fruits); same locality, mountains, riversides, very rare, May 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1875; tree 10 m. tall; with young fruits). East- ern Szech'uan: * Tchen-kéou-tin,” P. Farges (with # flowers and also with young and ripe fruits) Western Szech’uan: near Wa-shan, Tung River valley, roadside, alt. 600 m., September 21, 1908 (No. 3215; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.8 m.; with ripe fruits). Northern Shensi: “ Lao-y-san (Zu-lu),” September 6, 1887, G. Giraldi (with ripe fruits). Chili: Peking, “in horto ecclesiae rossicae Pekini insti- tutae,” June 1847, A. Tatarinow (type, ex Maximowicz). Shantung: Su-yung, September 25, 1907, F. N. Meyer (large tree having a scaly whitish bark and small leaves); Lung-tung, September 25, 1907, F. N. Meyer (No. 247; sterile, leaves coarsely serrate, up to 12 cm. long and 7 em. wide). Kweichou: “ Gan-Chouen, bois," May 1910, J. Cavalerie (No. 3784, type of Ulmus Cavaleriei; with fruits). A very distinct genus of which Maximowicz described only the ¢ flowers and fruits. I add the following description of the 9 flowers from Wilson's No. 255°: flores 9 in axillis foliorum ramulorum brevium novellorum mense Martii v. Aprili singuli, pedicello distincto sparse piloso suffulti; perigonia lobis 4 liberis lanceo- latis viridescentibus plus minusve (praesertim apice) pilosis ovario (stigmatibus exclusis) vix longioribus; ovaria sessilia, elliptico-rotunda, latere compressa, in facie sparse pilosa, stigmatibus 2 lanceolatis plus minusve divaricatis paulo brevioribus coronata. The ripe fruits of the type of Ulmus Cavaleriei Léveillé are distinctly pilose upon the seed, while they are wholly glabrous in the other specimens before me. ther investigation is needed to decide if the form from Kweichou represents a distinct variety. As far as I have been able to observe this is everywhere a rare tree, but it is to be found here and there at low altitudes in western Hupeh and throughout Szech’uan. It is usually found near streams and is partial to rocky places in warm valleys. Some 5 miles above Ichang, by the side of the Yangtsze River and near the entrance to San-yu-tung Glen there is a fine old specimen about 16 m. tall, with a short gnarled trunk 5 m. in girth and much branched to form a wide-spreading crown. As it usually appears it is a tree from 12 to 15 em. tall with a short trunk from 1.5 to 2.5 m. in girth, and divided near the base into several ascending and spreading stems which branch to form a wide-spreading flattened-round head. The bark is cecidi peels off in elongated flakes of very irregular shape, and is very c. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. 34, 368 and 469 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. T T x 286 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA ZELKOVA Spach. Zelkova sinica Schneider, n. sp. Planera japonica Hemsley in Jour. Bot. XIV. 209 (non Miquel) (1876). Zelkova acuminata Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 449 (pro parte, non Planchon) (1894). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI. Beibl. LXXXII. 33 (1905). Arbor ad 17 m. alta, trunco cortice levi pro genere normali obtecto; ramuli hornotini dense breviter villosuli v. pro parte glabri, brunnes- centes, lenticellis satis magnis discoloribus conspersi, annotini cinereo- rubiginosi, glabri, vetustiores cinerascentes. Folia satis parva, adulta firma, ovato-oblonga, basi vix v. paulo inaequali subrotunda v. late cuneata, apicem versus satis sensim acuminata, interdum fere brevi- ter caudata, supra satis viridia, tantum in costa impressa nervisque plus minusve sparse pilosula, subtus in sicco cinerascentia (v. paulo brunnescentia), saepissime tantum in axillis nervorum lateralium utrin- secus 7-9 (imo apice excepto) paulo prominentium albo-barbata, ceterum glabra v. pilis sparsis difficile recognoscendis praedita, mar- gine regulariter et breviter crenato-serrata serraturis non v. vix apiculatis, 1.5-4.8 em. longa et 0.8-2.3 cm. lata; petioli 1-4 mm. longi, villosuli. Flores ignoti. Fructus maturi singuli, axillares, irregulariter obovato-rhomboidei, glabri (v. sparse pilosuli), circiter 5 mm. longi et crassi, basi perigonio 5 lobato persistente suffulti, apice stigmatibus 2 incurvis coronati; pedicelli brevissimi, pilosi. Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, roadside, alt. 900 m., Octo- ber 1907 (No. 2699, type; tree 7-17 m. tall, girth 0.35-1.8 m.; with ripe fruits and bark); same locality, etc., July 1907 (No. 2699*; with unripe fruits). Northern Shensi: “ Kian-san," August 8, 1897, J. Giraldi (with fruits); * Lao-y-san," 1897, J. Giraldi (sterile; leaves up to 6.3 em. long and 2.5 em. wide, petioles up to 8 mm. long). Chekiang: Ningpo, E. Faber (mature leaves as in the type, but loosely pubescent beneath). Kiangsu; Shanghai, E. Faber (younger leaves with a soft pubescence beneath, young fruits hairy). The specimens enumerated above agree well with each other in their small leaves with a short crenate serration. The pubescence of Faber's specimens is, so far as I can see, due to a younger condition of the leaves. In F. N. Meyer's specimens mentioned below the leaves are mostly larger and have a distinctly apiculate ser- ration, their texture and nervation being somewhat different too. There 15 4 sterile specimen collected by him in Kiangsu, Spirit Valley, near Nanking, June 4, 1915 (No. 1444; at edges of forest in rich soil), the leaves of which are up to 9.5 em. long and 4.5 em. wide. They are rough above and bear a distinct pu- ULMACEAE. — ZELKOVA 287 bescence, especially on the veins, beneath; the serration is somewhat pointed as in Z. serrata. Meyer also collected what is apparently the same form near Soochow in Kiangsu, April 26, 1908 (No. 342), of which he sent seeds to the Department of Agriculture in Washington. From these seeds are growing young plants under No. 22985 (in part, mixed with Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin) in Chico, California. Sterile specimens of these plants before me show the same firm leaves with a more or less dense grayish pubescence beneath. The serration is the same as in Meyer’s No. 1444 or even sharper. All these plants apparently represent a dis- tinct new species which may be distinguished by its firmer leaves, which are more or less pubescent beneath at least when young and have a more incumbent shorter serration. This is a rare tree in the parts of China where I have collected, and is only known to me from one locality near the town of Hsing-shan Hsien, where there are several trees from 6 to 16 m. tall, with trunks from 0.5 to 2 m. in girth. The bark is smooth and pale gray, and exfoliates in small, thin roundish flakes leaving behind brown scars. E B: W Here may be added the other species from eastern Asia, with which Z. sinica has been confused by previous authors. Zelkova serrata Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVII. 13 (1903). Corchorus hirtus Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 228 (non Linnaeus) (1784). Corchorus serratus Thunberg in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 335 (1794). Ulmus Keaki Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. 28 (Syn. Pl. Oec. Jap.) (1830). Planera acuminata Lindley in Gard. Chron. 1862, 428. — Regel in Gartenfl. XII. 56 (1863). Planera Kaki Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Musc. 567 (1864). Planera japonica Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 66 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 254 (1867). Planera Keaki K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 427 (1872). — Graebener in Gartenfl. XXXVII. 21, fig. 6-8 (1888). Zelkova acuminata Planchon in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, LXXIV. 1496 (1872), fide Maximowiez; in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 166 (1873). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 449 (1894). — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll. Tokyo, YI. 267, t. 13, fig. 14 (Jap. Laubh. Winter. t. 9, fig. 14) (1895); Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 65, t. 36, fig. 1-17 (1900). — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1206 (1898). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 190 (Consp. Fl. Kor. II. 44) (1900). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. IV. 920, t. 267, fig. 7 (1909). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 693 (1914). Zelkova Keaki Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 288 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 21 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 430 (1875). — Mayr, Aus Wald. Jap. 32, 48 (1891); Fremdl. Wald- und Parkbäume, 525, fig. 246-249 (1906).— Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 40, fig. 15 (1892).— Sargent in Garden & Forest, VI. 323, fig. 49 (1893); Forest Fl. Jap. 58, t. 19 (1894). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 137 (1893). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 188 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). Abelicea acuminata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. II. 621 (1891). Abelicea Keaki Schneider, Dendr. Winterst. 238, fig. 166 e-g (1903). Abelicea hirta Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 226, fig. 143-144 (1904). Zelkova hirta Schneider, 1. c. 806 (1906). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: Mukden, March 11, 1913, F. N. eyer (No. 1796"; very useful timber; cultivated in Yarrow Plant. Intro. Field 288 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Sta., whence I saw a sterile branchlet under No. 35301). Korea: Seoul, com- mon, May 24, 1901, U. Faurie (No. 583; with young fruits); same locality, East Palace Park, September 24, 1905, J. G. Jack (with fruits); same locality, May 1909, Taquet (No. 2537; with flowers); Quelpaert, “in sylvis Hallaisan," alt. 1300 m., August 1909, T'aquet (No. 3215; sterile); same locality, alt. 1200 m., July 1909, Taquet (No. 3267; sterile). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Mutsu, * pagis cirea Aomori,’ May 10, 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5879; with flowers); prov. Kozuke, Asama, July 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5878; with fruits); prov. Shinano, Nagasendo, banks of Kiso-gawa near Agematsu, October 25, 1892, C. S. Sargent (sterile, leaves very large, measuring up to 16 cm. in length and 8.5 em. in width); Nagano, September 1, 1905, J. G. Jack (with fruits); prov. Musashi, Tokyo, April 27, 1882, K. Miyabe (with flowers); same locality, May 1907, June 1909 (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.; with flowers and young fruits); same locality, April 12, 1913 (ex Herb. Sakurai; “ riesengrosser Baum"; with flowers); same locality, common, April 19, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6377; tree 13-33 m. tall, girth 0.9-6 m., bark light gray; with flowers). The species is not mentioned by Komarov in his Flora Manshuriae, and I believe Meyer's specimen from Mukden came from a cultivated plant. Pictures of this tree will be found under Nos. x211, x213, x247, x610, x668 of the collection of Wilson's Japanese photographs. Here may be added the following genus not yet collected in central China. HEMIPTELEA Planch. Hemiptelea Davidii Planchon in Compt. Rend. Acad. Paris, LXXIV. 132, 1496 (1872), fide Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 165 (1873). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 289 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 22 (1873). — Fran- chet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VIL, 78, t. 9 (Pl. David. 1. 268 (1884). — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 190 (Consp. Fl. Kor. II. 44) (1900). — Schnei- der, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 224, fig. 141 a-b (1904). Planera Davidii Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 333 (1868). Hemiptelea David. Priemer in Bot. Jahrb. XVII. 455 (1893). Zelkova Davidii Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 449 (1894). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 90 (Fl. Mansh. II.) (1903). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 188 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). Zelkova Davidiana Bean,! Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. IT. 694 (1914). CHINA. Chekiang: Zah-kou near Hangchou, in earth banks, July 3, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1501; serubby, growing into a tree, as hedge material here and there; sterile). Kianghuai: Nanking, in banks of soil and debris, May 31, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1407; shrub or small tree; with young fruits). Chili: near San-tun-ying, in loess banks, June 2, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 990; mostly as & shrub; sterile); Wei-chang, W. Purdom (sterile); north of Jehol, 1910, W. Purdom (No. 296; sterile). ur NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Mandshuria: “circa oppidum Mukden in silva Fulim," September 27, 1897, V. Komarov (with ripe seeds). Korea: Seoul, Sep- tember 24, 1905, J. G. Jack (with fruits); same locality, May 1909, Taquet (No. ! Bean cites Franchet as author, but I do not find that Franchet has published such a combination. Hemsley seems to be the author of the combination Zelkova Davidii, because Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. III. 353 (1883), cited by Hemsley, do not mention any specific name. ULMACEAE. — TREMA 289 2536; with flowers); same locality, in Namsan, July 1906, U. Faurie (No. 903; with fruits); Ping-yang, September 18, 1905, J. G. Jack (with fruits). This species is easily distinguished from every Zelkova by its spinescent branch- lets and winged fruits. It represents a distinct genus which, according to Priemer, also differs widely from Zelkova in its anatomical characters. TREMA Lour. "d Trema virgata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 59 (1852). Celtis virgata Roxburgh apud Wallich, Cat. No. 3694 (nomen nudum) (1828), fide Planchon. Sponia virgata Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 316 (1848); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 195 (exclud. var.) (1873). Sponia timorensis Kurz in Flora, LV. 447 (1872), ut videtur tantum pro parte; an Decaisne?. — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 295 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 29 (1873). Trema timorensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 452 (pro parte; an Plan- chon?) (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 297 (1900). Western Szech'uan: near Wa-shan, thickets; alt. 900-1200 m., July 1908 (No. 2812; bush 1.5 m. tall, flowers greenish). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, A. Henry (No. 7170). Hainan: with- out precise locality, A. Henry (No. 8559). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 10011; tree 10 m. tall). This species seems to be well characterized by its small narrow lanceolate leaves. Most authors refer it to Trema timorensis Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IL. 60 (1852. — Sponia timorensis Decaisne in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris, III. 498 [ Herb. Timor. Descr.] [1834]), but as I have been unable to see more material I think it best to keep T. virgata separate. Trema spec. (verisim. spec. nova). Trema timorensis Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 452 (non Blume) (1894), quoad specimen Henryii, No. 6210. Kiangsi: Kuling, roadsides, common, August 1, 1907, alt. 900 m. oo bush 0.6-1.2 m. tall). Hupeh: Patung, A. Henry (No. 0). This is the form mentioned by Hemsley with “ thicker, rougher, pubescent leaves." Both Wilson's and Henry's specimens are much alike, but in No. 6210 the petioles are somewhat longer. Without having seen mature leaves and fruits, it is very difficult to decide whether these plants represent a new species or may be referred to one of the many species already known. It is certainly very different from T. virgata, the leaves measuring from 7 to 11 cm. in length and from 2.5 to 4.5 em. in width. 290 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA APHANANTHE Planch. Aphananthe aspera Planchon in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 208 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 432 (1875).— Hems- ley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 452 (1894). — Shirasawa in Bull. Agric. Coll. Tokyo, II. 265, t. 12, fig. 10 (Jap. Laubh. Winter t. 8, fig. 10) (1895); Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 67, t. 37, fig. 10-20 (1900). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 297 (1900). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 227, fig. 145 (1904). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 370 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 192 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 31 (1912). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 196 (1914). Prunus aspera Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 201 (1784). — Willdenow, Spec. II. pt. 2, 993 (1799). Celtis Muku Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. 28 (Syn. Pl. Oec. Jap.) (1830). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. Abt. 3, 223 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 1I. 99) (1846). — Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 315 (1848). Sponia nudiflora Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. Abt. 3, 223 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 99) (1846). — Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, X. 337 (1848). à Homoiceltis aspera Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 64 (1852). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 197 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 129 (1867). — Maxi- mowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XVIII. 295 (1873); in Mél. Biol. IX. 28 (1873). Celtis sinensis Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 243 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (pro parte) (1912). Homoceltis japonica Hort. ex Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. I. 308 (pro synon.) (1914). CHINA. Kiangsi: Kiukiang plain, rare, alt. 100 m., July 27, 1907 (No. 1523; tree 17 m. tall, girth 1.8 m., bark rough; with ripe fruits. Chekiang: Tientai Mountain, E. Faber (No. 199; ex Hemsley. Kwangtung: Lo-fan Mountains, September 1893, C. Ford (No. 327; with ripe fruits). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, “in pago Hogno," May 14, 1908, Taquet (No. 1387; with flowers); same locality, July 1910, Taquet (No. 4419; with almost ripe fruits): same locality, October 1907, Taquet (No. 346). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Sagami, Atami, August 27, 1892, C. S. Sargent; Kanazawa, May 4, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6597; tree 8-13 m. tall, girth 0.6-1.5 m.); prov. Musashi, Tokyo, October 6, 1892, N. Okada (sterile); same locality, May 15, 1906 (ex Herb. Sakurai; with flowers); same locality, Uyeno Park, August 4, 1905, J. G. Jack (with fruits); Yokohama, 1862, C. Mazimowicz (with flowers and with ripe fruits); without locality (ex Herb. Lugd.-Bat. sub Homoiceltis aspera and Celtis Muku). Shikoku: prov. Tosa, Nanokawa, July 7, 1889, K. Watanabe (with fruits). Kyushu: Nagasaki, common, June 1899, U. Faurie Wess sss MED mii e ee mae ee oe eg Peet el ULMACEAE. — APHANANTHE 291 (No. 3654; with young fruits); same locality, 1862, R. Oldham (No. 723; with unripe fruits; No. 724; with ripe fruits). Goto Islands: common, May 1901, U. Faurie (No. 4841; with c flowers and young leaves). A well-marked species easily distinguished from any Celtis by its leaves with the straight parallel lateral veins, each ending in a tooth at the margin. The fruits are hairy, the styles are more or less persistent, and the dark-colored stones show a very fine granulation. A picture of this tree will be found under No. x88 of the collection of Wilson’s Japanese photographs. MORACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. MORUS L. Morus cathayana Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 456 (1894).— E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 298 (1900). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1606 (1912). — Bean, Trees and Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 85 (1914). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1300 m., May 6, 1907 (No. 10; bush 4.5 m. tall; 9, leaves more or less lobed); same locality, woods, alt. 900-1300 m., May 10, 1907 (No. 10*; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.; g); north and south of Ichang, side of streams, alt. 900-1300 m., May 1907 (No. 10°; bush or tree, 3-8 m. tall; ¢, leaves mostly lobed); same locality, side of streams, wood- lands, alt. 900-1300 m., June 1907 (No. 10°; with young fruits); Changlo Hsien, woodlands, alt. 600-900 m., May 1907 (No. 10%; bush 2.1-3 m. tall; &); Patung Hsien, alt. 600 m., May 1907 (No. 10°; tree 13 m. tall, girth 1.5 m.; &); same locality, cliffs, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 365; bush 4 m. tall; 9); same locality, A. Henry (No. 5860, co-type, ex Hemsley); Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 1300 m., October 1907 (No. ro'; tree 8 m. tall, girth 0.6 m.; sterile and bark, leaves lobed, up to 16 em. long and 15 em. wide); same locality, alt. 900 m., November 1907 (No. 749; “ Hu-lu-sang "; sterile); Nanto, A. Henry (No. 6378, co-type; 9); Chienshih Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5543, type; 9, ex Hemsley); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 1409, 5548; &, in Herb. Gray). Eastern Szech'uan: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5487; c&, in Herb. Gray); without precise locality, A. von Rosthorn (No. wanting; ¢). West- ern Szech’uan: Chiuting-shan, near Mao-chou, thickets, alt. 1300 m., May 22, 1908 (No. 3310; bush 3 m. tall; 9); without precise locality; alt. 600 m., May 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4468; tree 10-13 m. tall, fruits white). Chekiang: Mokan-shan, rocky slopes, alt. 600 m., July 21, 1915; F. N. Meyer (No. 1588; tree 5-7 m. tall; sterile). Kianghuai: Purple Mt. near Nanking, on rocky mountain slopes, June 3, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1419; small tree; sterile). 292 MORACEAE. — MORUS 293 This is a well-marked species with its hairy leaves, shoots and petioles and with the cylindrical white fruiting catkins. The style is very short, the two stig- mas being long and short-pubescent or papillose. The hirsute pubescence of the ovate-oblong perigone lobes of the c flowers is often somewhat yellowish. The lobes of the perigone of the 9 flowers are round-obovate or the smaller ones ovate, the margins are more or less ciliate or hirsute at the apex, while otherwise there are only a few hairs on the outer surface. The large leaves Show the usual Morus variation, being very often more or less lobed or deeply trilobate. The serration is often rather coarse and obtuse. In Wilson's Nos. 10° and 10e the dentation of the rather young leaves is closer and more acute, and the apex is more distinctly pointed. The ripe fruits are up to 3 em. long and about 0.7 cm. thick. The nearest relatives are the following species and M. laevigata Wallich (see p. 301). This species is common by the sides of streams, in thickets and in moist woods on the mountains of western Hupeh and of Szech'uan between 900 and 1600 m. alt. As usually seen it is a small tree from 3 to 6 m. tall, but occasional specimens are met with 15 m. tall with a trunk 1.5 m. in girth. The bark is gray, smooth or nearly so; the branches are numerous and widespreading and form a flattened round crown. The leaves are either entire or much dissected and the fruit is white, red or black when ripe. A colloquial name for this tree in Hupeh is Hu-lu-sang; the leaves are not used for feeding the silkworm. E. H. W. Morus notabilis Schneider, n. sp. Arbor ad 8 m. alta; ramuli hornotini autumno glabri, purpureo- brunnescentes, lenticellis distinctis discoloribus conspersi, annotini vetustioresque vix diversi; gemmae ovato-acutae, circiter 8 mm. longae, perulis 4-5 satis laxis inaequalibus obtusis glabris eciliatis partim flavescentibus partim purpurescentibus cinctae. Folia adulta rotundata, basi cordata, apice breviter acutata, margine satis anguste crenulato-serrato-dentata, dentibus saepissime paullo incurvis, supra satis viridia, glabra sed subaspera, subtus in sicco flavescentia, 7-13 em. longa et 7-12 em. lata, costa nervisque lateralibus elevatis utrin- secus 4-6 sparse v. vix pilosulis, facie glabra sed tactu plus minusve asperula, axillis vix v. haud barbulata, textura crasse membranacea; petioli 2-3 em. longi, latere ut videtur compressi, glabri v. pilis sparsis conspersi. Inflorescentiae tantum fructiferae (syncarpia) vi- sae, cylindricae, albae, circi 3 em. longae et 0.7 em. crassae, glabrae, pedunculis fere glabris ad 3.5 em. longis suffultae; fructus (ovaria) glabri, tepalis 4 late obovato-rotundis subcucullatis glabris (tantum Margine sub lente minutissime et indistincte denticulatis) involuti, Ovato-oblongi, angulati, apicem versus angustati et stylo distincto coronati, stigmatibus 2 satis marcidis glandulosis. Western Szech’uan: Hungya Hsien, round Wa-wu-shan, forests, alt. 1800 m., September 14, 1908 (No. 9r9, type; fruits white, tree 8 m. tall, girth 0.9 m.). 294 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA This species looks like a very glabrous variety of M. cathayana Hemsley, but I think it better to make it a species on account of the distinctly longer style and the long peduncles. The style is of about the same length as in M. acidosa Griffith, but in its narrow cylindric fruiting aments, in the shape of its leaves and in other characters M. notabilis belongs to the same group as M. cathayana and M. laevigata Wallich, which seem to represent a distinct section. Morus alba Linnaeus, Spec. 986 (1753). — Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 594 (1832). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1348 (1838). — Moretti in Giorn. Ist. Lombardo, I. 180 (1841); Prodr. Monog. Gen. Morus, 19 (1842). — Spach, Hist. Vég. XI. 42 (1842). — Seringe, Descr. Cult. Muriers, 191, t. 1-18 (1855). — Kirchner in Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Musc. 543 (1864).— Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.- Bat. II. 197 (1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 129 (1866). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 407, t. 47 (an pro parte?) (1874); Ind. Trees, 612 (1906). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 432 (1875). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 492 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 455 (pro parte) (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 297 (exclud. var. plur.) (1900). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 457 (1902). — Ko- marov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 91 (pro parte minima) (1903). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 236, fig. 151 b-e, 152, 153 h-p (1904). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 193 (Fl. Kor. IL.) (pro parte) (1911). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 578 (1911). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VI. 1609 (exclud. var. 1-2) (1912). Morus indica? Linnaeus, Spec. ed. 2, 1398 (pro parte) (1763). — Burman in Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. Auctuar. 8, t. 5 (1755). — Poiret, Enc. Méth. 1 M. indica Linnaeus, Spec. 986 (1753) is founded on “ Fl. zeyl. 337 ” and on * Tinda-parua Rheed. mal. I. p. 87, t. 49” (recte 48). Linnaeus (Fl. Zeyl. 160, No. 337 [1747]) in the first place cites “ Betulae species, conis oblongis villosis, foliis oblongis serratis. Herm. zeyl. 33. Burm. zeyl. 47." I have not seen Her- mann's book. Burman (Thes. Zeyl. 47 [1737] only quotes the same phrase from Hermann (Mus. Zeyl. 33 [1717]) that Linnaeus does. In the second place Linnaeus quotes * Arbor malabarica baccifera cortice albicante, glomerato flore. Comm. mal. 29." Commelin (Fl. Malab. 29 [1700]) quotes the same phrase and adds “Tinda Parua Mal.,” which tree is quoted also by Linnaeus in Flora Zeylanica. The ** Tinda Parua" is no Morus, but the same as Streblus asper Loureiro (Fl. Cochin. II. 615 [1790]). I do not know what this “ Betulae species ? of Hermann really is, but there is no indication of a Morus in any Flora of Ceylon. In the second edition of the Species plantarum Linnaeus added as a synonym * Rumph. Amb. VII. t. 5," which apparently is nothing else than M. alba and not the same as M. indica Roxburgh (see under M.acidosa). Seringe (Descr. Cult. Muriers, 229 [1855]) also believes that Rumphius's plate represents M. alba, and he reproduces parts of Rumphius's and Rheede's drawings in his Atlas, t. 21, but he regards the “ Tinda-Parua"' as a good species of Morus under the name M. indica. MORACEAE. — MORUS 295 IV. 378 (pro parte) (1797). — Willdenow, Spec. IV. 370 (pro parte) (1805). — Matsumura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. V. 167 (1891). Morus tatarica Linnaeus, Spec. 986 (1753). — Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 9, t. 2 (1784). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1358, fig. 1225 (1838). ?Morus rubra Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. II. 555 (pro parte, non Linnaeus) (1790); ed. 2, II. 679 (1793). Morus multicaulis Perrottet in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris, II. 129 (1824), ex Perrotet in Ann. Fromont, I. 336, t. 3 (1829); III. 338, 341 (1831); in Arch. Bot. I. 228 (1833). — Spach, Hist. Vég. XI. 46 (1842). — Seringe, Descr. Cult. Muriers, 213 (1855). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 198 (1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 130 (1866). ? Morus atropurpurea Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 595 (1832). — Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. YI. t. 677 (1843). Morus alba, var. multicaulis Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1348 (1838). Morus alba, var. tatarica Seringe,! Descr. Cult. Muriers, 202, Atl. t. 12 (1855). Morus alba, var. Lhou Seringe, 1. c. 208 (1855). wA Seded Siebold ex Petzold & Kirchner, Arb. Musc. 547 (pro synon.) 64). Morus alba, var. vulgaris Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 238 (1873). ?Morus alba, var. Bungeana Bureau, l. c. 241 (1873). Morus alba, var. indica Bureau, 1. c. 243 (pro parte) (1873). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 40 (1912). Morus alba, var. atropurpurea Bureau, }. c. 244 (pro parte) (1873). Morus alba, var. latifolia Bureau, |. c. 244 (pro parte) (1873). For further references and synonyms see Seringe, l. c., Bureau, l. c., and Ascherson & Graebner, 1. c. Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 30-800 m., May 1907 (No. 3300; tree 3-8 m. tall, cultivated everywhere for feeding the silkworm; v); same locality, May 1907 (No. 3308; tree 7 m. tall, cultivated; ?); same locality, A. Henry (No. 3498; 9); Fang Hsien, alt. 900 m., May 8, 1907 (No. 3304; tree 5 m. tall, probably cultivated, this form rare; g); Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, one only, alt. 900 m., May 6, 1907 (No. 3303; small much branched tree 5 m. tall, “ Yeh- sang-shu "; probably wild, 9; No. 3303*, &); without precise local- ity, A. Henry (No. 1339; with fruits). Kiangsi: Kuling, moun- tainsides, alt. 1200 m., July 31, 1907 (No. 1653; 0.9 m. tall; sterile with lobed leaves). Yunnan: without precise locality, 1912, E. E. Maire (with fruits). JAPAN. Hokkaido: Kakkumi Pass, Volcano Bay, September 30, 1892, c. S. Sargent (sterile). Kyushu: Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham (No. 778; with fruits). * Seringe is the first author who makes this combination. The quotation " M. alba, var. tatarica Marschall a Bieberstein” is wrong because the author writes only M. alba, var. 8.” Loudon also is often quoted as the author of this combination, but he cites as his fourth species “ M. (A.) tatarica Pal.” and seems to regard it as oe of subspecies, saying in the text: “Very closely akin to M. alba L., and, ps, originally produced from that species.” 296 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA INDIA. Kashmir: “ Himal. Bor. Occ. Reg. temp. 4-6000 ped.," T. Thomson (sub nom. M. tatarica L.; c). Pondicherry: without precise locality, G. S. Perrottet (No. 454; with fruits). I do not know where M. alba really comes from, but its native country seems to be China. The only specimen from China which may represent the wild form is Wilson's No. 3303. The young 9 flowers have sessile stigmas which are not at all hairy on the inner surface, but are only covered with very minute papillae. The perigone lobes are broadly obovate and glabrous, with the exception of a very fine ciliation on the margins. The sepals of the c" flowers are ovate-oblong, almost acute at the apex and minutely pubescent on the outer surface. In the other specimens the stigmas are somewhat more distinctly papillose-hairy and always sessile or subsessile. It is impossible to mention here all the forms of this species, which has been cultivated for many centuries in the warmer and tropical parts of the Old World. I have quoted above the most important synonyms which, in my opinion, should be referred to M. alba sensu lato. Except in the cold northern parts and on the higher mountains this tree is cultivated everywhere in China for its leaves, which are used for feeding the silk- worm (Bombyx mori). It is also common by waysides as an escape, and it is quite impossible to state where in China it is genuinely wild, although it is cer- tainly indigenous somewhere in that country. It is also largely cultivated in Japan, and there too it is naturalized by waysides. This tree is too well known to need any description, but I may state that the fruit when ripe is usually dark red or black and only occasionally white, though often fruit of all three colors may be seen on the same branch. The Chinese name for this tree is Sang-shu. LEW Morus mongolica Schneider, n. sp. Morus alba, var. mongolica Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 241 (1874), ut videtur tantum ex parte. — Franchet in Nowv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 80 (Pl. David. I. 270) (1884). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. mé (1900).— Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VII. 1609 1912). Arbor ad 8 m. alta v. frutex pauciramosus; ramuli novelli parce pilosuli, saepissime cito glabri, hornotini brunneo-rubri v. purpuras- centes, lenticellis sparsis discoloribus obtecti, annotini plerique plus minusve flavescentes, vetustiores ut videtur cinerascentes; gemmae ovato-acutae, circiter 7 mm. longae, perulis 4-5 saepe laxis obtusis v. subaeutis dorso glabris v. parce puberulis margine satis flaves- centi-ciliatis flavo-brunneis versus marginem purpurascentibus cinctae. Folia membranacea, in plantis visis indivisa, late ovata v. ovato- oblonga, basi satis cordata, apice longe acuminato-caudata, supra viridia, tantum costa (et interdum nervis) minute pilosula, ceterum glabra et laevia, subtus ut videtur pallide viridia, glabra v. basim versus in costa nervisque lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7 flavescentibus v. rubieundis sparse pilosa, laevia, margine late dentata dentibus magnis triangularibus longe cuspidato-subulatis (aristis circiter 3 MORACEAE. — MORUS 297 mm. longis), 8-17 cm. (acumine integro 1-3 em. longo incluso) longa et 4-8(-9) em. lata; petioli pilosuli v. plerique glabri, 2.5-4 cm. longi; stipulae late lineares, acutae, extus flavo-sericeae, petiolis subduplo breviores, caducae. Inflorescentiae c cylindricae, laxiflorae, circiter 3-4 cm. longae et 0.7 em. erassae, pedunculis gracilibus subpilosis ad 1.5 em. longis suffultae, rhachi laxe hirtellae; flores sessiles, 4-meri, tepalis ovato-oblongis subacutis extus satis flavo-hirtellis, staminibus 4, filamentis adultis quam tepala fere duplo longioribus basim versus sensim sed paulo dilatatis, gynaecei rudimento minimo. Inflorescen- tiae € breviter cylindricae, fructiferae ad 2 cm. longae, circiter 0.7 em. crassae, rhachi laxe v. densius flavo-villosae, pedunculis ad 1.5 cm. longis laxe pilosis suffultae; flores tepalis 4 late ellipticis apice obtusis facie glabris margine praecipue apice minute v. distinctius ciliatis; ovaria glabra, in stylum distinctum 14-4% ovarii aequantem producta, stigmatibus 2 stylo longioribus papillosis. Fructus nigri v. pallide rubri. Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, cliffs, alt. 900 m., June 1907 (No. 8; thin tree 3 m. tall, fruits black); Lung-wang-tung, near Ichang, cliffs, alt. 300 m., April 20, 1907 (No. 85; bush 2.1-3.6 m. tall; 7); north and south of Ichang, cliffs, alt. 600-1200 m., May 1907 (No. 8°; thin tree, 3-4.5 m. tall; g); Hsing-shan Hsien, ravine, alt. 600 m., May 24, 1907 (No. 84; bush 8 m. tall, little branched, fruits pale red, sweet, palatable); same locality, cliffs, 900-1200 m., July 1907 (No. 8°; thin tree, 3 m. tall; sterile); same locality, ete. (No. 8; 9). Szech’uan: without precise locality, A. von Rosthorn (without No.; fruiting specimen). Yunnan: “Brousse des rochers à Kiao- Mé-ti," alt. 3100 m., May 1911, E. E. Maire (“ grand arbuste, fruits roses"); “Rochers des coteaux à Pan-Pien-Kai," alt. 2500 m., May 1912, E. E. Maire (“ petit arbre dont l'écoree donne le papier chinois"). Chili: “ad Gehol, Toumet, Sart-chy," A. David (Nos. 1804, 2635, types ex Bureau). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Chinnampo, September 20, 1905, J. G. Jack (sterile). This is a very distinct species in the peculiar long aristate teeth of the leaves, Which I have not found in any other species of the genus. I have not seen any Ype specimen; and according to Bureau's description I believe he mixed his va- mety with hairy specimens of M. acidosa Griffith. In its leaves M. mongolica somewhat resembles M. serrata Roxburgh (see p. 302). Morus acidosa Griffith! Not. Pl. As. IV. 388 (acidosus) (1854). * Griffith’s species has been overlooked by Bureau and other authors, and it is only mentioned by Hooker f. with a “?”. Griffith's description is good and, 298 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Morus cuspidata Wallich, Cat. No. 4646 (nomen nudum) (1830), fide Bureau. Morus indica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 596 (non Linnaeus sensu stricto) (1832). — Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. II. t. 674 (1843). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 198 (1866); Prol. Fl. Jap. 130 (1866). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 408 (1874); Ind. Trees, 612 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 468 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 492 (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 457 (1902). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 635 (1902), an tantum pro parte? Morus stylosa Seringe,! Descr. Cult. Muriers, 225 (Atl. 15, t. 22 sub nom. M. longistyla) (1855). Morus alba, var. nigriformis Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 242 (1873). Morus alba, var. cuspidata Bureau, 1. c. 243 (1873). Morus alba, var. indica Bureau, l. c. 243 (1873), quoad citat. Seringe. — Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XVIII. 191 (Consp. Fl. Korea, II. 45) (1900). Morus alba, var. stylosa Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 243 (1873).— Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 6, fig. 1-11 (1908). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 40 (1912). — Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. & Irel. VI. 1610 (1912). — Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 407 (1915). Morus alba Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 455 (pro parte, non Linnaeus) (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 297 (1900). — Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. XXII. 91 (Fl. Mansh. II) (pro parte) (1903). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 373 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (pro parte) (1906). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 193 (Fl. Kor. I.) (an pro parte?) (1911). Morus Cavaleriei Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. X. 146 (1911); Fl. Kouy- T'chéou, 434 (1915). M ee! longistylus Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 293 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) 1912). Morus inusitata Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 265 (1914). Morus bombycis Koidzumi in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIX. 313 (1915). : Morus japonica Bailey,? Stand. Cycl. Hort. IV. 2070 (pro parte maxima, ut videtur non Siebold) (1916). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, cliffs, etc., alt. 300— 1200 m., July 1907 (No. 33; bush 1.8-3 m., fruits dark red, leaves variable, “ Ai-sang "); same locality, ete., May 15, 1907 (No. 33°, 2; No. 33°, dà); same locality, etc., May 1907 (No. 3306; bush 1.8-2.4 m. tall; c); same locality, etc., June 1907 (No. 56; bush 3-7 m. tall, according to the statement that the fruits are “stylis stigmatibusque persistentibus quasi echinata," undoubtedly refers to our species. 1 Seringe quotes, p. 225, “ Morus stylosa Sering. pl. XXII. (1854),” and in the Atlas, p. 15, he gives the name as M. longistyla. According to his quotation it seems that the Atlas appeared before the description, but the books before me bot bear the date 1855. On p. 229, under Morus indica, Seringe again refers to & species ** que je décris sous le nom de Morus longistyla.” 2 Bailey quotes M. japonica Audibert ex Seringe 226, but Seringe mentions only a “ M. japonica jard. Audib." as a synonym of his Morus stylosa (see under M . acidosa Griffith). Koidzumi quotes the same name and also a M. japonica Noisette, but the last name is also a garden name for a plant in Hort. Noisette. Koidzumi's new name, M. bombycis, is not appropriate at all because this Mulberry is not (or very rarely?) used to feed silkworms. MORACEAE. — MORUS 299 fruits red); Fang Hsien, side of streams, alt. 600-1200 m., May 11, 1907 (No. 33%; bush 1.5-2.4 m. tall; 9); same locality, roadsides, alt. 900 m., May 15, 1907 (No. 33°; bush 1.8 m. tall; ~); same local- ity, thickets, alt. 900 m., July 1907 (No. 33‘; fruits dark red); same locality, thickets, alt. 900-1200 m., August 1907 (No. 176; small tree 3-6 m. tall, fruits dark red); Hsing-shan Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600— 1200 m., July 1907 (No. 8; bush 1.2-3 m. tall, fruits dark red); same locality, roadside thickets, alt. 600-900 m., May 15, 1907 (No. 176; bush 1.8-3 m. tall; 9); same locality, cliffs, alt. 600-900 m., May 1907 (No. 3302; bush 1.8 m.; 9; No. 3305; bush 1.2-3 m. tall; à; Nos. 3309, 9, 3309, &'; bush 2.1-3 m. tall); Patung Hsien, cliffs, alt. 900 m., July 1907 (No. 33°; bush 3 m. tall, fruits blackish red); same locality, ete., June 1907 (No. 3301; bush 1.8-3 m. tall, fruits variable in color); same locality, ete., May 1907 (No. 3301°; v); Changyang Hsien, cliffs, etc., alt. 900-1200 m., July 1907 (No. 33*; bush 3 m. tall, fruits dark red, “Hi-sang”); same locality, ete., May 1907 (No. 33^; 9); same locality, roadside thickets, alt. 1200- 1600 m., July 1907 (No. 3299; bush 3 m. tall, fruits red); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 5453, c, 6094, 9, 62495; with ripe fruits). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5668, 7, 5669, o, 5741, 9, 5745, 9). Western Szech'uan: west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, thickets, alt. 1200-1600 m., June 19, 1908 (No. 3307; bush 3 m. tall, fruits white; an forma distincta?) ; Chiuting-shan, near Mao-chou, cliffs, alt. 1200 m., May 22, 1908 (No. 3307*; 9); without precise locality, roadsides, alt. 1100 m. (Veitch Exped. No. 4467; shrub 0.9 m. tall, fruits white). Yunnan: " Tali Range, Lat. 25° 40’ N., alt. 7000-8000 ft." August 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4672, type of M. longistylus Diels); Mengtsze, moun- tain forests, alt. 1900 m., A. Henry (No. 10535; tree 3 m. tall; 3»); same locality, northern mountains, alt. 1900 m., A. Henry (No. 10535"; shrub 2.4 m. tall; o, forma valde hirsuta) ; Szemao, southwestern moun- tains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12980; tree 7 m. tall; 9); “ Brousse- rochers, pied des montagnes à Tong Tchouan, alt. 2550 m.,” May 1912, E. E. Maire (9); “ coteaux arides, rocailles à La-Kou,” alt. 2400 m., March 1912, E. E. Maire (type of M. inusitata, ọ and d). Kweichou: “ Ma-Jo," April 20, 1908, J. Cavalerie (No. 3283, type of M. Cavaleriei; 2 and 9). Chili: Peking, on the city wall, April 30, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 1382; 7). Formosa: Tamsui, 1864, R. Oldham (No. 530; distributed sub nom. M. indica; 9 and g); Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 100; sterile); same locality, A. Henry 300 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA (No. 134; the inner bark of the root of shrubs [4'-10/] used by savages for making cloth; 9); Takow, A. Henry (No. 744; shrub 0.6 m. tall; 9); same locality, A. Henry (No. 1784; shrub 1.2 m. tall, white to red fruits; $). Kwangtung: Macao, J. Calléry (type of var. stylosa, ex Bureau); same locality, J. Calléry (No. 157, type of var. nigriformis, ex Bureau). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, * secus torrentes Hongno,” end of April 1908, Taquet (Nos. 1392, 1393, 1394; 9); same locality, “in sylvis Nokatji,”’ May 8, 1908, Taquet (No. 1396; @); “in sepibus Typyengei"?, June 1909, Taquet (No. 3216, 9); “in sylvis Taitpjeng"?, May 1909, Taquet (No. 3217; folia lobata, 9; No. 3218, folia indivisa, 9); “in sylvis secus torrentes Hallaisan,” alt. 600 m., June 5, 1910, T'aquet (No. 4421; 9); “ in dumosis littoris," April 8, 1908, Taquet (No. 4701; c); Tsu-sima Island, 1859, C. Wilford (9). JAPAN. Hokkaido: prov. Ishikari, Sapporo, June 1878 (ex Herb. Sapporo Agr. Coll; 9 and @); same locality, June 11, 1885 (same herbarium; dg"); same locality, June 1899, J. Tokubuchi (# and 9); same locality, May 27, 1903, S. Arimoto (3); prov. Oshima, Hakodate, 1861, C. Mazimowicz (9 and dg); same locality, August 5, 1888, J. Tokubuchi (9). Hondo: prov. Mutsu, Aomori, in forests, May 1904, U. Faurie (No. 5880; à); prov. Musashi, Ookan-yama, April 19, 1891, K. Watanabe (c); same prov., Tokyo, April 17, 1911, c", May 22, 1912, 9 (ex Herb. Sakurai); prov. ?, “ Volcano Mt. Hakodadi, J. Small (ex collect. C. Wright 1853-6; 9); * Simoda & Hakodadi,” shady hillsides, 1855, C. Wright (a spreading bush, berries red or purple; 9; mixed with Broussonetia in Herb. Gray). Kyushu: Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham (9). This widely dispersed species is very common in Hupeh and Szech'uan, more especially in rocky places. Usually it is a broad shrub from 1 to 5 m. high, but often it forms a small and bushy tree from 6 to 8 m. tall. As in other species of Morus the leaves are very variable in size and shape; the fruits when ripe are shining black and palatable. A colloquial name for this plant is oes (Chiff Mulberry). The leaves are not used for feeding silkworms. H. W. CONSPECTUS ANALYTICUS SPECIERUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS INDIAEQUE. Ovaria stigmatibus sessilibus v. subsessilibus coronata. Syncarpia valde elongata, anguste cylindrica, ad 12 em. longa . 1. M. laevigata. Syncarpia cylindrica v. elliptico-cylindrica, vix ultra 3 cm. longa (confer etiam 3. M. tiliaefoliam). Folia margine plus minusve aequaliter dentata v. serrato-dentata (dentibus nunquam late triangularibus valde inaequalibus et apice breviter aristatis). Syncarpia anguste cylindrica, vix 7 mm. crassa. Folia etiam adulta subtus plus minusve molliter pubescentia, supra aspera . . . 2. M. cathayana. Synearpia elliptico-cylindrica v. ovato-oblonga v. elliptica, crassiora. Folia etiam juvenilia pleraque vix pilosa v. cito subglaberrima 5. M.alba. Folia margine grosse irregulariter et acute dentato-serrata, dentibus saepe triangularibus, breviter v. vix aristata . . . . . . . . . . 6. M. serrata. Ovaria stylo distincto brevi v. quam stigmata vix breviori VENE. Folia margine grosse serrato-dentata, dentibus magnis triangularibus apice longe aristatis, basi cordata, apice longe caudato-acuminata . 7. M. mongolica. MORACEAE. — MORUS ; 301 Folia margine satis anguste serrata v. dentata, dentibus nunquam apice longe | aristatis. | Syncarpia glabra, distincti cylindrica, longe pedunculata. Stylus distinctus sed stigmatibus ut videtur brevior. Folia magna, fere rotunda, basi cor- | data, apice breviter acuta. Planta (an etiam juvenilis) fere glaberrima. | 4. M. notabilis. Syncarpia in rhachi plus minusve villosa, breviter elliptiea. Stylus longus stig- | matibus saepe vix brevior. Folia magnitudine et forma valde variabilia. | Planta etiam adulta fere semper plus minusve pilosa . . . 8. M. acidosa. ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM ASIAE ORIENTALIS INDIAEQUE.! 1. Morus laevigata Wallich, Cat. No. 4649 (nomen nudum) (1830). — Moretti, Prodr. Gen. Morus, 21 (nomen nudum) (1842). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 409 (1874); Ind. Trees, 613 (1906). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 467 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 492 (1888). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 636 (1902). — Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bomb. II. 658 (1907). Morus viridis Hamilton in Wallich, Cat. No. 4650 (nomen nudum) (1830). Morus alba, var. laevigata Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 245 (1873). Morus alba, var. laevigata, subvar. viridis Bureau, l. c. (1873). Morus laevigata, var. viridis Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 493 (1888). Morus glabrata Wallich apud Hooker f., 1. c. (1888), quam synon. CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, mountains to south, alt. 1200 m., A. Henry (No. 11975; tree 7 m. tall; 9); same locality, Yulo forest to the south, A. Henry (No. 120194; a). INDIA. Kashmir: “N. W. India," cultivated, February 1881, D. Brandis (9) Kumaon: * Kota-Dün, 2000 feet," R. Strachey & J. E. Winterbottom | to be M. macroura Miquel (Pl. Jungh. 42 [1850]. — Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. | XVII. 247 [1873], sub species dubiae. — Koorders, Ezkursionsfl. Java, II. 84 | [1912]), the type of which was collected by Junghuhn in Java. According to rders this is a real Morus, forming a high tree (30 m.) in the forests. Judging by the description it must be very similar to M. laevigata, but unfortunately I have not seen a specimen. 2. Morus cathayana Hemsley. See p. 292. * The following three species described by Léveillé, of which I have seen the types, do not belong to Morus or even to the M. oraceae. The first, Morus calva Lé- veillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 265 (1914), is Coriaria sinica Maximowiez, While the second, M. Mairei Léveillé, |. c. (1914), is Acalypha szechuanensis Hutch- mson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson, II. 524 (1916), which therefore has to be named Acalypha Mairei Schneider, n. nom. Also the third, M. integrifolia Léveillé & Vaniot, in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. XVII. No. 210-211, p. iii (1907), does not belong to the Moraceae. | | 302 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA 3. Morus tiliaefolia Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXIII. 88 (1909). Morus nigra Matsumura in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XVI. 18 (non Linnaeus) (1902). ?Morus japonica Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. 27 (Syn. Pl. Oec. Jap.) (nomen nudum) (1830). Morus rubra, var. japonica Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XIX. 134 (1905). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 40 (1912). Morus japonica Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. IV. 2071 (ut videtur pro parte) (1916), quoad notam sub M. rubra. JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Nagato, “tractu Otsugori pago Misumi," Sep- tember 22, 1895, J. Nikai (type ex Matsumura [1902]). Not having seen a specimen I am not sure if this is a good species or only a form of M. cathayana Hemsley. There seems to be no Morus in Japan which is closely related to the North American M. rubra Linnaeus as assumed by Bailey, his Morus japonica being M. acidosa Griffith (see p. 297). 4. Morus notabilis Schneider. See p. 293. 5. Morus alba Linnaeus. See p. 294. 6. Morus serrata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 596 (1832). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 409 (1874); Ind. Trees, 612 (1906).— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 492 (1888). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 457 (1902). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 635 (1902). Morus pabularia Decaisne in Jacquemont, Voy. IV. 149, Atl. II. t. 151 (1854). Morus vicorum Jacquemont ex Decaisne, 1. c. (pro synon.) (1854). Morus alba, var. serrata Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 242 (1873). INDIA. Kashmir: forests about Dosa near Shrenagur, Hardwicke (type ex Roxburgh); “in sylvis circa Ilahabad, alt. 2122 m.," V. Jacquemont (type, ex Decaisne; Nos. 248, 686, ex Bureau); Hazara district, Kagan Valley, Balakot, cultivated, alt. 800 m., May 1910 (with fruits and sterile); same locality, Malkandi Reserve, alt. 1400 m., May 1910 (c); “Tibet, Ladak,” July 1856, Schlagintweit (No. 1358; 9); without exact locality, J. F. Royle (9); “ Him. Bor. occ. reg. temp. 6000 ped." T. Thomson (9). Kumaon: without precise locality, R. Strachey & J. E. Winterbottom (No. 4; d). Punjab: Dehra Dun, Chakrata, alt. 2200 m., May 11, 1912, Sulakhan Singh (9 and c). This distinct species seems to be confined to the northwestern Himalaya. It is easily distinguished by the very coarse irregular dentation of its long-pointed leaves. The styles are sessile, and the sepals of the 9 flowers are obovate-oblong, glabrous and only ciliate at the apex. Thesepals of the c? flowers are oblong and rather densely hirsute-pubescent on the outer surface. The shape and serration of the leaves are similar to those of M. lica Schneider, but in that species the ovaries bear a distinct style. 7. Morus mongolica Schneider. See p. 296. 8. Morus acidosa Griffith. See p. 297. There is also the following species which needs further investigation. Morus australis Poiret, Encycl. Méth. IV. 380 (1797). — Willdenow, Spec. IV- 371 (1805). *Morus indica Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. II. 555 (pro parte, non Linnaeus) (1790); ed. 2, II. 679 (1793). — Poiret, Encycl. Méth. IV. 378 (1797). Morus latifolia Poiret, Encycl. Méth. IV. 381 (1797). MORACEAE. — BROUSSONETIA 303 Morus intermedia Perrottet in Arch. Bot. I. 234, t. 7 (1833); in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XIII. 315 (1840). Morus indica Perrottet in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 2, XIII. 315 (non Linnaeus) (1840). — Spach, Hist. Vég. XI. 47 (pro parte) (1842). Morus alba, var. latifolia Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 244 (pro parte) (1873). According to Perrottet and Spach this represents the true M. indica of Linnaeus, but, as I have shown on p. 294, this is a mistake. Poiret’s type came from the is- land of Bourbon, where, according to Perrottet (1840), “le Morus indica ou australis est sauvage et cultivé." In his first description of M. intermedia, Perrottet says that the ovary is “ terminé par deux stigmates sessiles," and his rather bad plate does not show a distinct style at the apex of the ovary. But in 1840 Perrottet states that the stigma “est toujours pédicellé, bipartite, recourbé en crosse ”’; and he says that his M. intermedia “ était évidemment le M. indica de Linné, de Roxburgh et des auteurs en général.” Without having seen Poiret’s and Perrottet’s types I am not able to decide whether M. australis sensu Perrottet represents a distinct species or is a variety of M. alba Linnaeus or a mixture of forms belonging to different species. BROUSSONETIA L'Hér. Z Broussonetia papyrifera L’Héritier in Ventenat, Tabl. Règn. Vég. ; III. 547 (1799). — Loiseleur-Deslongchamps in Nouv. Duhamel, II. 26, t. 7 (circa 1804). — Sims in Bot. Mag. L. t. 2358 (1823). — An- drews, Bot. Repos. VII.t.488 (1807). — Blume, Bijdr. X. 487 (1825). — Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. 28 (Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap.) (1830). — Loudon, Arb. Brit. III. 1361 (1838).— Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. Abt. 3, 220 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 96) (1846). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 85 (1852). — Seringe, Descr. Cult. Muriers, 236, Atl. 11, t. 26 (1855). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 198 (1865); Prol. Fl. Jap. 130 (1865).— K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 439 (1872). — Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 224 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 433 (1875). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 79 (PI. David. Y. 269) (1884). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 490 (1888). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 16 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 139 (1803). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 455 (1894). — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. & Arbriss. II. 1217 (1898). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 298 (1900). — Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. t. 38 (1900). — Schneider, Dendr. Winterstud. 100, fig. 112 i-o (1903); Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 241, fig. 151 e-g, 155 a-c, g-m, 156 i-o (1904). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 373 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906).— Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 193 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mit- 304 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA teleur. Fl. IV. 583 (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 35 (1912). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. Y. 267, fig (1914). Morus papyrifera Linnaeus, Spec. 986 (1753). — Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 72 (1784). Streblus cordatus Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 615 (1790), fide Bureau. Papyrius Lamarck, Rec. Pl. Encycl. IV. t. 762 (1798). Papyrius japonica Lamarck apud Poiret, Encycl. Méth. V. 3 (1804). Stenochasma ancolanum Miquel, Pl. Jungh. 45 (1850). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, abundant, alt. 30-900 m., April 1907 (No. 3401; tree 5-13 m. tall, girth 0.3-1.8 m., fibre used for making twine; c); same locality, ete., May 1907 (No. 3401*; 9); without exact locality, A. Henry (No. 3666; 9). Southeastern Szech'uan: ''Wang-shan-tsin," A. von Rosthorn (No. 374; 9); Nanch'uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2224; sterile). Yunnan: Mi-lé district, 4. Henry (No. 10569; tree 7 m. tall; g); Mengtsze, northern mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10569"; tree 3 m. tall; 2); Szemao, eastern forests, alt. 1900 m., A. Henry (No. 10509"; tree; 9). Chili: Peking, on city wall, May 20, 1913, F. N. Meyer (No. 928; 9). Formosa: Ape's Hill, May 1889, G. M. H. Playfair (No. 391; tree; 9); Takow, August 2, 1889, G. M. H. Playfair (9). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, in Hongno, May 14, 1908, Taquet (No. 1398; g). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Tokyo, September 1888 (ex Herb. Sci. Coll. Imp. Univ.; 9); same locality, April 26, 1913 (ex Herb. Sakurai; c? and 9); same locality, Botanic Garden, August 30, 1892, C. S. Sargent (9); same locality, October 7, 1892, C. S. Sargent (small spreading tree; 9). The leaves of this species are very variable, and there are several varieties (see Seringe and Bureau, l. c.). This tree is common everywhere in the warmer parts of China, and in Hupeh and Szech'uan it is abundant. In Japan I saw it only as a planted tree in one or two localities and I do not think it is genuinely wild anywhere in Japan. When allowed to develop it forms a tree 16 m. tall with a trunk 2 m. or more in girth; the bark is gray and smooth; the branches are widespreading and form a broad rounded crown. Birds are very fond of the fruits, which when ripe are bright brick-red and conspicuous. The Chinese name for this tree is Kou-shu and the bark is used for making string and also for making the famous leather paper (P’i-chih) of western China. Some account of these industries will be found in my A Naturalist in Western China, II. 74 (1913). : Pictures of this Broussonetia will be found under Nos. 297, 591 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. ^ = e Broussonetia Kaempferi Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. 28 (Syn. Pl. Oecon. Jap.) (1830). — Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 221 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 97) (1846). — Blume, MORACEAE. — BROUSSONETIA 305 Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 87, t. 40 (1852). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 198 (1865); Prol. Fl. Jap. 130 (1865). — Bureau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 226 (1873). — Kurz in Jour. Bot. XI. 193 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 433 (1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 455 (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 298 (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 242 in adnot., fig. 151 h (1904). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. .2, 34 (1912). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy- Tchéou, 424 (1915). Morus nigra 'Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 71 (non Linnaeus) (1784), fide Blume. Broussonetia monoica Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 294 (1882). Morus alba Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 455 (non Linnaeus) (1894), quoad Henry No. 1586. ?Br tia Kazinoki E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 298 (1900). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 300-700 m., April 1907 (No. 34*; bush 0.6-1.5 m.; 9); same locality, etc., June 1907 (No. 34; bush 1.8 m. tall, fruits red); Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, ravines, etc., alt. 30-900 m., April 1907 (No. 3400; bush 1.2-1.8 m.; 9 and c); same locality, etc., June 1907 (No. 3400*; 9); Ichang, A. Henry (Nos. 1586, 3668*; with fruits); Chienshih Hsien, A. Henry (No. 9972; 9). Yunnan: Mengtsze, southeastern mountain forests, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 10959; large climber, 3-5 m. tall; 9; No. 10959*; 3); same locality, alt. 1700 m., A. Henry (No. 13644; shrub 3 m. tall; 9); Szemao, eastern mountains, alt. 1500 m., A. Henry (No. 12019; shrub 3 m. tall, red fruits). Chekiang: Mo- kan-shan, on rocky slopes, alt. 550 m., July 21, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1587; tall shrub, fruit red, small, insipid; sterile). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, “in sepibus Typyengai "?, July 1909, Taguet (No. 3221; with fruits). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, near Tokyo, April 22, 1913 (ex Herb. Takurai; 9, sub nom. B. Kasinoki); on “Jizogadake,” July 1903, U. Faurie (No. 5535; 9). - This is a distinct species with small leaves and very short petioles. It has the habit of a Rubus with often creeping or even climbing branches. The leaves are rarely deeply lobed (Henry’s No. 5972). The pubescence seems very variable and the plant is apparently monoecious as well as dioecious. ; Here may be added the synonyms of the following species, which is closely related to B. papyrifera, but apparently absent from China. It differs from it in its thinner, more caudate and more glabrous leaves, in its darker colored branchlets, which ar pubescent only when very young, and in its mostly shorter glabrescent petioles. Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold in Verh. Bat. Genoot. XII. 28 (Syn. Pl. Oec. Jap.) (nomen nudum) (1830).—Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 221 (Pl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 97) (1846). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. TI. 198 (1865); Prol. Fl. Jap. 130 (1865). — K. Koch, Dendr. II. pt. 1, 441 (1872). — Bu- reau in De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. 226 (1873). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. 306 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Jap. I. 433 (Kasinoki) (1875). — Engler in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. II. Abt. 1, 76, fig. 54-55 (1888). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 17, fig. 6 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 139 (1893). — De Wildeman, Icon. Hort. Then. II. 17, t. 45 (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1. 241, fig. 151 i-k, 155 d-f (1904). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 35 (Kasinoki) (1912). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 266 (1914). Br etia Kaempferi Siebold in Jaarb. Kon. Nederl. Maatsch. Tuinb. 25 (Kruidk. Naaml.) (nomen nudum, non Siebold 1830) (1844). — Mouille- fert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1218 (1898), exclud. synon. Broussonetia Sieboldii Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 86 (1852). Morus Kaempferi Seringe, Descr. Cult. Muriers, 228, Atl. 11, t. 23 (1855). Broussonetia papyrifera, var. Kaempferi Hort. ex Lavallée, Arb. Segrez. 242 (pro synon.) (1877). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert “in sepibus Typyengai ”?, August 1909, T'aguet (No. 3220; sterile). This species is common in Japan from Tokyo southward, and in parts of Shikoku and Kyushu it is abundant and is largely used for making a tough kind of paper. E. H. W. CUDRANIA Trécul. Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau in Lavallée, Arb. Segrez. 243 (1877). — vw Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 19 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 139 (1893). — Mouillefert, Traité Arb. Arbriss. II. 1220 (1898). — Schneider, Dendr. Winterstud. 96, fig. 112 a-e (1903); Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 242, fig. 151 1, 156 a-e, 157 (1904). — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. IV. 585 (1911). Maclura tricuspidata Carriére in Rev. Hort. 1864, 390, fig. 37; 1872, 55, 138, fig. 6-7. — Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. II. 312, fig. 496-7 (1887). Cudranus trilobus Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 49 (1868). Cudrania triloba Forbes in Jour. Bot. XXI. 145 (1883). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 80 (Pl. David. I. 270) (1884). — Oliver in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. XVIII. t. 1792 (1888). — Hosie, Three Years in Western China, 21 (1889). — Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1888, 291, t. — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 470 (1894). — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 298 (1900). — André in Rev. Hort. 1905, 363. — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 199 (1911). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. Il. pt. 2, 35 (1912). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. t 440, fig. (1914). Western Hupeh: Ichang, ete., alt. 30-900 m., October 1907 (No. 252; tree 3-10 m. tall, fruits strawberry-red); same locality, etc., May 1907 (No. 252*; bush or tree, leaves used for feeding the silkworms; #); same locality, A. Henry (No. 2322; 9). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1400 m., A. Henry (No. 9987; tree 3-7 m. tall, red fruit eaten by children; 9). Chekiang: Ningoo; 1908, D. Macgregor (sterile). Gëntral China: “ Kur-san,” Hugh Scallan (No. 119; dg). Kiangsu: Purple Mount near Nanking, on rocky slopes, June MORACEAE. — CUDRANIA 307 3, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1422; tall shrub, fruit red, sweetish, at times leaves used as a food for silkworms; 9). Shantung: Chifu, ocean bluff, September 22, 1903, C. S. Sargent (small shrub; 9). NORTHEASTERN ASIA. Korea: Quelpaert, *in pago Hongno," August 5, 1908, Taquet (No. 1509; 9); same locality, June 15 and 25, 1908, Taquet (Nos. 1510, 1511; c); same locality, May 4, 1908, Taquet (Nos. 1512, 1513; with young flowers); same locality, * in sepibus Htepseng "?, July 20, 1911, Taquet (No. 4420; 9, leaves orbicular-elliptic, about 9 cm. long). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Tokyo, Botanic Garden, 1892, C. S. Sargent (7); same locality, June 5, 1882, K. Miyabe (c). This is a variable species in the shape and the size of the leaves and in the length of the peduncle of the fruits. The lateral veins of the leaves are not so numerous as in the species mentioned below, but they are much more prominent on the under surface. In western Hupeh and in Szech'uan this is a common wayside shrub or tree; in western Szech'uan, and especially in the prefecture of Kiating Fu, it is planted in quantity and its leaves are used with those of Morus alba Linnaeus for feeding the silkworm (Bombyx mori). Usually it is a bush or bushy tree from 3 to 8 m. high, but under exceptional conditions it forms a tree 18 m. tall with a trunk 2 m. in girth. The bark is pale gray and exfoliates in thin flakes of irregular shape; the branches are slender rather dense and form usually a rounded or flattened crown and the branchlets are spiny. The fruit is bright red and edible, but is not very | palatable. The colloquial name for this tree is Tsa(or Cha)-shu. | Pietures will be found under Nos. 392, 576 of the collection of my photo- | graphs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 175, 176. uw | Here may be added notes on the other species known from China. Cudrania fruticosa Wight ex Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 434 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 539 (1888). — Prain, Bengal Pl. 970 (1903). — Bran- dis, Ind. Trees, 614 (1906). . ? Batis fruticosa Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 763 (1832). i CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, southeastern forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry | (No. 13156; climber, flowers yellowish; c). INDIA. Eastern Bengal: “ Khasia Hills, alt. 4000 ft," J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson (ex Hooker f.). Upper Burma: Ava (type, ex Kurz). Henry's specimen agrees well with Kurz's description. This species seems to be most closely related to C. tricuspidata Bureau in its membranous leaves with few strong and prominent lateral nerves. The leaves are elliptic-oblong, from 7 to 11 cm. long and from 3.5 to6 cm. wide, with a rounded base and a rather abruptly and slender acuminate apex. The petioles are about 9 mm. long and somewhat hairy in Henry's specimen. The grayish branchlets are glabrous or loosely hairy. I do not know the 9 flowers or the fruits. Inthe specimen before me the flower- ing branchlets are unarmed, but Kurz says “ armed with curved sharp spines.” ( Cudrania pubescens Trécul in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, VIII. 125 (1847). — Kurz, | Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 435 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 539 (1888). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 614 (1906). — Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java, II. 91 (1912). Cudranus pubescens Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. pt. 2, 290 (1859). CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, mountains to the west, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11906; large climber; with young flowers); same locality, mountains to 308 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA the east, alt. 1400 m., A. Henry (1 ^; large climber; c"); same locality, mountains to the north, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 11906"; large climber; with fruits). INDIA. Burma: “not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban, up to 3000 ft. elevation " (ex Kurz). JAVA. Without precise locality, Leschenault (type, ex 'Trécul). Henry's specimens agree with Trécul’s description. The largest leaves measure up to 18 em. in length and 8.5 cm. in width; like the branchlets they bear under- neath a soft yellowish pubescence, especially on the prominent rib and on the equally prominent lateral veins, of which there are from 7 to 11 on each side of the rib. At the base the leaves are rounded or acute, and they are more or less abruptly pointed at the apex. Cudrania javanensis Trécul in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, VIII. 123, t. 3, fig. ye 76-85 (1847). — Bentham, Fl. Austral. VI. 179 (1873). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 425 (1874); Ind. Trees, 614 (1906). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 538 (1888); in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceyl. IV. 98 (1898). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 469 (1894). — Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 651 (1902). — Mat- sumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 380 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). Trophis spinosa Willdenow, Spec. IV. 734 (pro parte) (1805), quoad citat. Rumphii. — Blume, Bijdr. X. 489 (1825). Cudrania obovata 'Trécul in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, VIII. 126 (1847). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 459 (1894). ^ Maclura javanica Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 83, t. 31 (1852). — Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. pt. 2, 280 (1859). Maclura timorensis Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 84 (1852). Maclura amboinensis Blume, l. c. (1852). ; Plecospermum cuneifolium Thwaites in Hooker's Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. VI. 303 (1854). Cudrania acuminata Miquel apud Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 90, 96 (1854). Cudranus amboinensis Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. I. pt. 2, 290 (1859). Cudranus acuminatus Miquel, l. c. 291 (1859). Cudranus Rumphii Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 262 (1864). — Beddome, Fl. Sylv. South Ind. 1I. For. Man. Bot. p. cexx. t. 27, fig. 1 (1874). : Cudrania rectispina Hance in Jour. Bot. XIV. 365 (1876). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 470 (1894). — Henry in Trans. As. Soc. Jap. 1 Trécul’s quotation “ Cudranus javanensis Rumph.” is not correct, nor 18 Willdenow's ‘‘ Cudranus javensis Rumph.” It should read * Cudranus Amboi- nensis silvestris Burmann in Rumphius, Herb. Amb. V. 25, t. 15-16 (1747).” | The Latin descriptions in Rumphius's book are written by Burmann, who is the editor. In the explanation of the figures he gives the name cited above, while on p. 22 in the text he mentions two forms, “ Cudranus Bimanus sive Javanus " and “ Cudranus Amboinicus.” be 2 According to the description Willdenow's plant is Plecospermum spinosum Trécul. Willdenow cites as a synonym “ Trophis spinosa Roxburgh,” which must be a manuscript name. Roxburgh (Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 762 [1832]) changed Willdenow's Trophis spinosa to Batis spinosa Roxburgh, which also is Plecosper- mum (except the synonym *' Cudranus Rumph."), while the real Trophis spinosa Roxburgh, 1. c., is Phyllochlamys spinosa Bureau, the correct name of which seems to be PA. tazoides (Heyne) Koorders. vemos isum EE MORACEAE. — FICUS 309 XXIV. suppl. 88 (List Pl. Formosa) (1896). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 380 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). Cudrania amboinensis Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 434 (1877). Cudrania spinosa Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java, II. 90 (1912). CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains to southeast, forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9987°; tree 3 m. tall; g’); same locality, rocky ravine, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10821; bushy shrub 1.8 m. tall, thorns few on old branches, flowers white; à); Szemao, mountain forests, alt. 1400 m., A. Henry (No. 11937; large climbing shrub, yellowish flowers; 9; No. 119375; with fruits); same locality, mountains to southwest, alt. 1600 m., A. Hen y (No. 119375; climbing shrub; à); same locality, forests, alt. 1400 m., A. Hany (No. 12385; tree 7 m. tall; with fruits, leaves broad-obovate); same locality, A. Henry (No. 12385>; large cluster orange-red; with fruits, leaves narrow obovate-oblong). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 3479; c^, branchlets very spiny, leaves small). Hongkong: “in valle Wongneichung,” April 1874, J. Lamont (Herb. Hance No. 19216, type of C. rectispina, ex Hance). Formosa: Takow, A. Henry (No. 720; shrub 1.2-1.8 m.; 9); Bankinsing, A. Henry (No. 135; shrub; 9). INDIA. Punjab: Dehra Dun, Lachiwala, alt. 650 m., November 12, 1912, W. S. Fernandes (No. 60; c^, 9); same district, E. King (#). Assam: “ Teock Ghat near Tingali Bam.," October 1898, Prain's Collector (No. 274; with fruits). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Luzon: “circa Manillam," Hugh Cuming (No. 1017, type of C. obovata, ex Trécul). is is a widely distributed and very variable species. Forms described by Trécul as C. obovata with rather broadly obovate leaves seem to be as frequent as the small-leaved forms Hance had in mind in describing C. rectispina. The young branches and petioles (or even the ribs of the leaves) are often more or less yellow- ish hairy, but sometimes the whole plant, except the peduncles and flower parts, ap- pears to be quite glabrous. The variation seems to be due to climatic conditions. Cudrania crenata C. H. Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 439 (1894). Wan Hainan: without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 8389, type, c? ex right). According to the author this species is distinguished by its crenately serrate leaves, which are obovate and up to 10 cm. long and 5 em. broad, with very Short petioles. "This, perhaps, is not a Cudrania at all. Cudrania Bodinieri Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. XIII. 265 (1914). : CHINA. Hongkong: “Torrent de la Baie du Télégraphe prés Béthanie,” January 14, 1896, E. Bodinier (No. 1413, type). According to the author this species is related to C. rectispina Hance. I have seen only two leaves which Mgr. Léveillé kindly sent to the Arnold Arboretum. They are elliptic and somewhat hairy on the midrib on both sides. I am not quite sure if this is a Cudrania. FICUS! L. Sect. UROSTIGMA (Gasparini) King. Ficus lacor Hamilton in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. XV. 150 (1827), fide King. * The Ficus of China need a thorough investigation. Being unable to make a special study of this difficult genus, I can give only approximate determinations according to King’s monograph and Hemsley’s enumeration. 310 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Ficus infectoria Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, III. 551 (non Willdenow) (1832), exclud. synon. Rheede. — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, I. 60, t. 75 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 463 (1899). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 299 (1900). Szech'uan: Yangtsze Valley, alt. 100-500 m., common, April 1907 (No. 2796; tree 10-26 m. tall, girth 1.8-13 m., ** Huang kuo shu "). According to the international rules Hamilton's name has to be used instead of that of Roxburgh's. This is a common tree at low altitudes in the prefecture of Kiating Fu in western Szech'uan and also in the neighborhood of the Yangtsze River from the city of Sui Fu eastward to that of Patung in western Hupeh. It grows to a very large size and the finest trees I met with occur near the foot of the sacred Mt. Omei and are about 26 m. tall, the composite trunks measuring from 15.5 to 16 m. in cir- cumference. The branches are massive and spread to form a broad rounded or flattened crown; the bark is dark gray and smooth and the leaves fall late in the winter or are retained until spring, when they fall as the season's growth commences. In Szech'uan the colloquial name for this tree is Huang-kou-shu and wayside shrines are commonly associated with it. Pictures of this Fig will be found under Nos. 12, 29, 30, 39, 48, 305, 379 and 380 of the collection of my photographs and also in my Vegetation of Western China, Nos. 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222 and 223. E. H. W. Sect. SYCIDIUM King. Ficus clavata Wallich, Cat. No. 4495 (nomen nudum) (1828); apud Miquel in London Jour. Bot. VII. 431 (1848).— King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, Y. 87, t. 111 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 458 (1899). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 299 (1900). Western Szech'uan: Mien-chu Hsien, roadsides, common, alt. 800 m., May 21, 1908 (No. 2799; bush 1.8 m. tall). As far as I know this species from King's description and other specimens Wilson's number seems to represent F. clavata. The perigone of the female flowers consists of (3-)5 lanceolate lobes which are minutely ciliate. But there is another specimen of Wilson's from western China: roadside, alt. 600-1100 m., July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4472; tree 10-13 m. tall), the leaves and fruits of which well agree with those of F. clavata, but the female flowers I have seen seem to have only 2 perigone lobes, which are not ciliate. I cannot refer this specimen to any other species hitherto mentioned from Szech'uan or Hupeh. Ficus foveolata Wallich, var. Henryi King apud Oliver in Hooker's Icon. XIX. t. 1824 (1889). Ficus foveolata Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 460 (pro parte, non Wal- lich) (1899). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 299 (pro parte) (1900). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, climbing over rocks, alt. 300— 900 m., July 1907 (No. 2797); Ichang, A. Henry (No. 3552", type, ex Oliver). MORACEAE. — FICUS 311 Ficus heteromorpha Hemsley in Hooker' Icon. XXVI. t. 2533, 2534 (1897); in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 461 (1899). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 300 (1900). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, woods, alt. 1300 m., September 1907 (No. 311; bush 1.2-1.8 m. tall); Ichang, alt. 300-900 m., thickets, June 1907 (No. 2795; bush 1.2-1.8 m. tall); Hsing-shan Hsien, woods, alt. 900-1300 m., May 6, 1907 (No. 2793; bush 1.8 m. tall); same locality, thickets, August 1907 (No. 2794; bush 2.1-2.4 m. tall). Kiangsi: near Kuling, thickets, common, alt. 900 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1588; thin shrub 0.9-1.8 m. tall). Ficus impressa Champion in Hookers Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. VI. 76 (1854). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 463 (1899). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 300 (1900). Fi s oe var. impressa Kingin Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, I. 134, t. 167 F 1888). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, alt. 900 m., September 1907 (No. 131; bush 0.5-0.9 m. tall). Kiangsi: near Kuling, road- sides, alt. 600 m., August 8, 1907 (No. 1587; bush 0.9-1.2 m. tall). I am following Hemsley and Warburg in keeping this species separate from F. foveolata. Wilson's No. 131 agrees well with Henry's No. 6506 and A. von Rost- horn's No. 408 cited by these authors, while in No. 1587 the petioles are longer and the leaves more distinctly cuspidate. Ficus pumila Linnaeus, Spec. 1060 (1753). — Thunberg, Ficus, 9 (1786). — King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, I. 124, t. 158 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 465 (1899). — Warburg in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 299 (1900). Ficus stipulata 'Thunberg, Ficus, 8 (1786). Western Hupeh: around Ichang, a common epiphyte on trees, alt. 300 m., February 18, 1908 (No. 2798). Kiangsi: Kiu-kiang Plain, a common epiphyte on trees and buildings, August 2, 1907 (No. 1596). URTICACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. BOEHMERIA Jacq. Boehmeria nivea Gaudichaud! in Freycinet, Voy. Bot. 499 (1826). — Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 214 (1836). — Hooker in Hooker’s Jour. Bot. & Kew Gard. Misc. III. 315, t. 8 (1851). — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. Yl. 210 (1856). — Weddel in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, I. 200 (1854); in Arch. Mus. Paris, IX. 380, t. 11, fig. 10-17 (Monog. Urticac.) (1856); in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 1, 206 (1859). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 331 (1861). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 131 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 295 (1867). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Ind. 402 (1874).— Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXII. 249 (1876); in Mél. Biol. IX. 638 (1877). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 576 (1888). — Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. II. 4 (1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 140 (1893). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 486 (1894). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 303 (1900). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. I. 246, fig. 159 a-h (1904). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 385 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java, 11. 143 (1912). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 269 (1912), 342 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1913). Urtica nivea Linnaeus, Spec. 985 (1753). — Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. II. 78, t. 166 (1772). Western Hupeh: wild and abundant around Ichang, 300-900 m., July 1907 (No. 3759). Kiangsi: Kuling, rocky places, abundant, alt. 1200 m., August 1, 1907 (No. 1518; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall). Yunnan: * Tali Range, Lat. 25? 40' N., alt. 8000-9000 ft.," June 11, 1896, G. Forrest (No. 4782). This plant is much cultivated in Szech'uan for its fibre, which is an important article of commerce in the west and in other warm parts of China. Some account of the industry will be found in my A Naturalist in Western China, II. 82 (1913) 2nd a picture of the plant under No. 0173 of the collection of my ura Se 1 Gaudichaud writes: Boehmeria (Procris) nivea; hence he is the first author of the combination. 312 URTICACEAE. — DEBREGEASIA 9193 DEBREGEASIA Gaudich. Debregeasia longifolia Weddell in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 1, 235^ (1869). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 405 (1874).— Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java, II. 149 (1912). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. II. 973 (1914). Urtica longifolia Burmann, Fl. Ind. 197 (sphalm. 297) (1768). Urtica muricata Heyne in Wallich, Cat. No. 4612* ® d (nomen nudum) (1828), fide Weddell. Urtica angustata Blume, Bijdr. 499 (1825), fide Weddell. Debregeasia velutina Gaudichaud, Voy. Bonite Atl. t. 90 (1844-9?) et Expl. Descr. Planch. par Ch. d'Alleizette 158 (1866). — Weddell in Arch. Mus. Paris, IX. 460, t. 15* (1856). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 590 (1888). — André in Rev. Hort. 1896, 321, fig. 118. — Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XXXIX. 232, t. suppl. (1906). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 618 (1906). Conocephalus niveus Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. VI. t. 1959 (1853). Missiessya velutina Weddell in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, I. 195 (1854). Morocarpus longifolius Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 156 (1855). — Bed- dome, Fl. Sylv. S. Ind. II. Forest Man. Bot. p. ecxxvi. t. 26, fig. 5 (1874). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 428 (1877). Morocarpus velutinus Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 156 (1855). Debregeasia edulis Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 492 (non Weddell) (1894), quoad plantas ex Hupeh et Yunnan. — E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 305 (1900). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, alt. 700-1100 m., June 1907 (No. 21; bush 0.9-1.8 m. tall, much branched, fruits orange- red, edible); same locality, May 1907 (No. 21*; g). Yunnan: Mengtsze, forests, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10536, 10536^; tree 3 m. tall); same locality, mountain forests to southeast, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10702; shrub 2.1 m. tall); Szemao, forests, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 12387; tree 3.0 m. tall, flowers white); same locality, mountains to east, alt. 2400 m., A. Henry (No. 12387*; tree 6 m. tall). m Assam: “Kohima, 4500 ft." March 1896, King’s Collector (No. Wilson's plant, which has been in cultivation in the Arnold Arboretum, is some- what intermediate between D. longifolia and D. edulis Weddell, of which the syn- onyms are given below. It is the same as Henry’s 10536, of which the leaves are also rather or quite smooth on the upper side, while the pubescence of the young branchlets and petioles is not so hirsute and spreading as in the typical form and Dot 80 short and appressed as in the true D. edulis. I am not quite sure if it is Possible to distinguish a distinct variety intermediate between the typical longi- folia and what is now called D. edulis from Japan and probably eastern China. The other numbers of Henry's from Yunnan agree well with the Indian forms. They have a spreading villous or hirsute pubescence on the branchlets and petioles the upper side of the leaves is more or less scabrid-hairy. It needs further 314 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA investigation to decide if the flowers of these forms afford any good characters, but with the material before me I am inclined to believe that the Japanese plant represents only a variety of D. longifolia. Debregeasia edulis Weddell in Arch. Mus. Paris, IX. 462 (1856); in De Can- dolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 1, 23524 (1869). — Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXII. 256 (1876); in Mél. Biol. IX. 649 (1877). — ?Hance in Jour. Bot. XX. 38 (1882). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 442 (1875). — Wright in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 492 (pro parte) (1894). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 390 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 43 (1912). — Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cyel. Hort. II. 973 (1914). " Morocarpus edulis Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 218 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 94) (1846), exclud. planta c". — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. II. 155, t. 16° (1855). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 130 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 294 (1867). Missiessya parvifolia Weddell in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, I. 195 (1854), fide Weddell. JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Tokyo, Botanic Garden, June 18, 1871 (ex Herb. Univ. Tokyo). In the typical D. edulis the branchlets are described by Weddell as “ pube brevi adpressa vestitis,” as it is the case in the specimen before me. See my remarks above. LORANTHACEAE. Determined by HENRI LECOMTE. LORANTHUS L. A. Flores tetrameri, gamopetali. Loranthus Balfourianus Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 250 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). Phyllodesmis Delavayi Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XLII. 241 (1895). ' Western Szech'uan: southeast of Tachien-lu, parasitic on Viburnum and various Willows, alt. 2800-3000 m., June 1908 (No. 3526; flowers orange and gold); without precise locality, parasitic on Willows, alt. 2500 m. (Veitch Exped. No. 4485; flowers scarlet). A picture of this plant will be found under No. 630 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs, Loranthus caloreas Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, V. 251 (1912). Yunnan: Lichiang Range, alt. 3000-4000 m., July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2600). X Loranthus caloreas, var. oblongifolius Lecomte, Not. Syst. III. 49 1916). Western Hupeh: parasitic on Pterocarya stenoptera De Candolle, alt. 300-1000 m., November 1907 (No. 3523). The colloquial Chinese name of this plant is Sang-ch’e-sung. Here may be added a variety not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions. Loranthus caloreas, var. Fargesii Lecomte, Not. Syst. III. 49 (1916). Western Szech’uan: parasitic on Abies Beissneriana Rehder & Wilson, alt. 300 m. (Veitch Exped. No. 4441). Loranthus yadoriki Siebold & Zuccarini, var. hupehanus Lecomte, n. var. A typo recedit foliis subtus cinereo-tomentosis. Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, a pest on Oaks and many other trees, alt. 300-1200m., May 1907 (No. 3521). Szech’uan: Nanch’uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2448). 315 316 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA The Chinese colloquial name of this plant is Yui-pao. A picture of this plant will be found under No. 474 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs. Loranthus sutchuenensis Lecomte, Not. Syst. III. 167 (1916). Western Hupeh: Ichang, parasitic on many trees, on deciduous Oaks in particular, alt. 30-600 m., April 1907 (No. 3522). B. Flores hexameri dialypetali. Loranthus Delavayi Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XLI. 535 (nomen nudum) (1894); Lecomte, Not. Syst. III. 168 (1916). ?Loranthus Hemsleyanus King in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVIII. 120 (1890). Loranthus odoratus Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 406 (non Wallich) (1894). Loranthus odoratus Wallich, f. Hemsleyanus E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 305 (1900). Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, parasitic on Quercus variabilis Blume, alt. 300-1000 m., December 1907 (No. 3524); Ichang, A. Henry (No. 7849). Yunnan: parasitic on Oaks, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (No. 9112); Chao-chio Valley, alt. 2300 m., March 1905, G. Forrest (No. 540). sen Co Delavayi, var. latifolius Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XLl. Yunnan: alt. 2700 m., A. Henry (No. 12892). Here may be added notes on some species not collected during the Arnold Ar- boretum Expeditions. The first five species belong to the group with tetramerous gamopetalous flowers; the last species belongs to a group with pentamerous dialy- petalous flowers. Loranthus chinensis De Candolle, Coll. Mém. VI. 28, t. 7 (1830); Prodr. IV. 301 (1830). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 141 (1861).— Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXII. 230 (1876); in Mél. Biol. IX. 611 (1876). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 405 (1894). Western Szech’uan: without precise locality, parasitic on various trees (Veitch Exped. No. 4486). ] Loranthus chinensis, var. formosanus Lecomte, n. var. A typo recedit foliis basi attenuatis, fructibus basi paullo stipitatis. Formosa: South Cape, A. Henry (No. 979). Loranthus estipitatus Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, IV. 221 (1894). — Hems- ley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 405 (1894). P Loranthus estipitatus, var. longiflorus Lecomte, n. var. ? A typo recedit floribus usque 3.5 em. longis, antheris locellatis 5 mm. longis. Yunnan: A. Henry (No. 10057; flowers scarlet). . Loranthus ferrugineus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 207 (1824). — De Candolle, Prodr. 1V. 299 (1830). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 210 (1886). i { | i f LORANTHACEAE. — ELYTRANTHE 317 Dendrophthoe ferruginea G. Don, Gen. Syst. III. 420 (1834). — Miquel, FI. Ind. Bat. I. pt. 1, 812 (1855). . Ciclanthus ferrugineus Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XLII. 253 . (1895). Yunnan: Mi-lé district, on Oaks, A. Henry (No. 9947). P Loranthus philippensis Chamisso & Schlechtendal in Linnaea, III. 204 (1821). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1500 m., on Ehretia corylifolia C. H. Wright, A. Henry (No. 9991). rare Loranthus sootepensis Craib in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1911, 454. — Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, V. 192 (1916). Yunnan: Mengtsze, alt. 1400-2000 m., A. Henry (No. 10315). t Loranthus adpressus Lecomte, Not. Syst. III. 53 (1916). Leucobotrys adpressa Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1894, 503 (nomen nudum). Yunnan: A. Henry (No. 11664). ELYTRANTHE G. Don. Elytranthe ampullacea G. Don, Gen. Syst. III. 425 (1834). ? Loranthus cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 195 (1790). Loranthus ampullaceus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1I. 189 (1824). — De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 216 (1830). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 220 (1886). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, II. 316 (1877). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 405 (1894). Yunnan: Mengtsze, A. Henry (No. 11473). Elytranthe ampullacea, var. tonkinensis Lecomte, Not. Syst. III. 99 (1916). Western Szech'uan: near Sui Fu, parasitic on Aleurites Fordii Hemsley, alt. 3000 m., April 1908 (No. 3525; flowers orange-scarlet). Yunnan: Szemao, on trees and shrubs, alt. 2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 11755, 117555; flowers yellow). Here may be added notes on two species collected by A. Henry in Yunnan. Elytranthe bibracteolata Lecomte, n. comb. ; Loranthus bibracteolatus Hance in Jour. Bot. XVIII. 301 (1880). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 405 (1894). ytranthe bibracteolata, var. sinensis Lecomte, n. var. — : rd recedit foliis usque 12 cm. longis et 5 cm. latis, petiolis alatis 7-8 mm. Yunnan: alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12631; flowers pink). Elytranthe Henryi Lecomte, n fais: . Sp. - m : : mi teretes, longitudinaliter bicarinati; ramuli compressiusculi, glabri. Folia 9PPosita, subcoriacea, glabra; petiolus 2.25-2.75 cm. longus, basi articulatus, 318 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA versus apicem paulatim leviter alatus; limbus 12-14 cm. longus, 4.5-5.5 cm. latus, ovalis v. oblongus, basi inaequaliter rotundatus, paulum decurrens, apice acumi- natus, acumine obtuso; costa subtus valde prominens; nervi 10-12-jugi, irregulares, subtus vix prominentes. Pedunculi crassi, 1 em. longi, solitarii, axillares, basi bracteis 2 parvis adpressis instructi; flores geminati ad basim eminentia intermedia duriuscula compressaque 1 em. alta separati; flos unusquisque 3-bracteatus; bractea externa 1 (antica) ovata, apice acuta, crassa, duriuscula; bracteolae internae 2, laterales, imbricatae, oblongae, intus concavae, apice obtusae, duriusculae, dorso carinatae; calyx bracteis lateralibus duplo brevis, limbo alto ore integerrimo, basi ovario adnatus; corollae tubus ruber, subclavatus, usque 3.5—4 cm. longus, glaber, paulum supra calycem constrictus, tunc gradatim ampliatus, valde curvatus; corollae segmenta 6, angusta, apice acuta, tandem reflexa, 1.5-1.8 cm. longa; stamina 6, filamentis supra medium liberis, ima basi incrassatis, antheris 4.5 mm. longis, terminalibus, angustis, apice subacutis; pollen stellatus; ovarium basi adhaerens, apice liberum, extus 6-costatum; stylus subulatus stamina superans stigmate capitato instructus. Fructus ignotus. Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1600 m., on trees, A. Henry (No. 11604; flowers red). This new species resembles Elytranthe albida Blume figured in his Flora Javae, III. Lorantheae, t. 22, but it differs: 1° in its larger oblong, not oval leaves, 2° in its longer petiole always exceeding 2 cm. in length, 3? in the prominent blade separating the two flowers at the base, which becomes narrower toward the apex, while in Blume's figure it becomes narrower toward the base, 4? in the flowers which are red according to the collector's note and not white, 5? in the calyx which bears below its upper margin a slight circular excrescence. This plant cannot be confounded with Loranthus leucosiphon Griffith (Notul. IV. 623 [1854]; Icon. Pl. Asiat. t. 619, 621, 622, 623, [1854]), which has been referred to E. albida by different authors, particularly by Gamble, but which differs markedly in the crest separat- ing the flowers. VISCUM, L. Viscum album Linnaeus, Spec. 1023 (1753). — De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 278 (1830). — Boissier, Fl. Orient. IV. 1068 (1879). — Brandis, Forest Fl. Brit. Ind. 392 (1874). — Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, I. 323 (1877). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 407 (1894). Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 30-150 m., parasitic on Pterocarya stenoptera De Candolle, Dec. 23, 1907 (No. 796; fruits golden yellow); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 7883). A picture of this plant will be found under No. 720 of the collection of Wilson's photographs. Viscum articulatum Burman f., Fl. Ind. 311 (1768). — De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 284 (1830). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 226 (1886). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 407 (1894). Vero hates ied Blume, Bijdr. 667 (1825); Fl. Jav. IlI. Loranth. t. 25> 1851). Western Hupeh: Ichang, growing on Dalbergia hupeana Hance, March 1907 (No. 3262); Patung Hsien, alt. 800 m.; on Diospyrus kaki LORANTHACEAE. — VISCUM 319 Linnaeus, April 1907 (No. 3263); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 3206). Szech’uan: Yangtsze River banks, alt. 30-300 m., parasitic on Aleurites Fordii Hemsley, April 1908 (No. 2709); same locality and same host, May 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4482); with- out precise locality, cliffs, July 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4484). Yunnan: Mi-lé district, on Zanthoxylum, A. Henry (No. 9942). A picture of this plant will be found under No. 0164 of the collection of Wilson’s photographs. Here may be added the description of a new species collected by A. Henry. Viscum stipitatum Lecomte, n. sp. Frutex parasiticus; rami teretes, dichotomi; ramuli tenuiter longitudinaliterque striati; internodia basi articulata, usque 5-6 cm. longa. Folia opposita, lanceolata, utrinque attenuata, saepe falciformia, membranacea v. subcoriacea, basi articu- lata, apice subacuta, 6-7.5 em. longa, 1.3-2 cm. lata, costis 5-7 utrinque pro- minentibus. Flores monoici; triades axillares, terminalesque; pedunculus communis 3-5 mm. longus, apice 2-bracteatus, bracteis triangularibus parvis; flos medius semper 9; flores laterales 2 saepe 9 interdum <7; flos c? ovoideus, sessilis, 0.75 mm. longus, lobis 4 triangularibus instructus; antherae petalis adnatae, trans- versaliter loculosae; flos 2 ovoideus, primo sessilis lobis 4 triangularibus parvis instructus; stamina 0; ovarium inferum, stigmate parvo cylindrico instructum; perianthii lobi decidui. Fructus baccatus, ovoideus, demum longe stipitatus, usque 9 mm. latus, sed maturus claviformis, l-spermus. Semen ovoideum; albumen carnosum; embryo verticalis, teres. Yunnan: Szemao, alt. 1600 m., on trees, A. Henry (No. 12758). species is well characterized by its long-stipitate fruits and slender and often falcate leaves. SANTALACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. OSYRIS L. -7 Osyris Wightiana Wallich, Cat. No. 4036 (nomen nudum) (1829); apud Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. V. 17, t. 1853 (1852). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 40, 265 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). Osyris arborea Wallich, Cat. No. 4035 (nomen nudum) (1829); apud A. De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 633 (1857). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 232 (1886). Western Szech'uan: valley of Tung River near Tachien-lu, alt. 1000-1300 m., October 1908 (No. 4138; bush 0.9-1.2 m. tall, fruits orange); same locality, October 1910 (No. 4138*; bush 0.9-1.2 m. tall, fruits red); Monkong Ting, arid regions, alt. 1200-1700 m., June 30, 1908 (No. 3207; bush 1.2-1.8 m. tall, flowers green, fruits red); without precise locality, cliffs, June 1902 (Veitch Exped. No. 4443; bush 0.5-0.75 m., flowers yellow). Southern Szech'uan: near Lo-ma-pu, dry mountainsides, alt. about 2200 m., May 9, 1914, C. Schneider (No. 1148; bush 1 m. tall. Yunnan: Tali Range, alt. 1800-2500 m., July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4745; shrub 7-18 m. tall, flowers brownish green); same locality, October 1914, C. Schneider (No. 2597; shrub about 1 m. tall); dry open situations in thickets in most valleys between Tali Fu and Yunnan Fu, alt. 1800-2300 m., Jan- uary 1905, G. Forrest (No. 522); Mengtsze, barren hills, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (Nos. 9906, 9906*; shrub 0.75-1.5 m., flowers yellow). OLACACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. SCHOEPFIA Schreb. ^ Schoepfia jasminodora Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 135 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 11) (1846). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 114 (1886). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 306 (1900); in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 30, 92 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). Schoepfiopsis jasminodora Miers in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 77 (1878). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, alt. 100- 900 m., June 1907 (No. 58; small tree 4.5 m. tall, fruits orange); same locality, May 1907 (No. 58*; bush or small tree, 1.8-6 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant); Hsing-shan Hsien, alt. 700 m., May 10, 1907 (No. 58°; erect bush 7 m. tall, flowers greenish yellow, fragrant); without precise locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 1929); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5975). Szech'uan: without precise local- ity, cliffs, alt. 1300 m., October 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4450; shrub 1.2-1.8 m. tall, fruits orange); Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (Nos. 5597, 5597). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor; near Hanchou, “Shi-bun-shan,” June 26, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1478; shrub 1.5 m. tall. Yunnan: open situations in pine forests on the southern foothills of the Lichiang Range, alt. 2700-3000 m., May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2054 ; shrub or tree 4.5-12 m. tall, flowers green, power- fully fragrant, appearing before foliage is developed, fruit an ovoid dark crimson drupe); same locality, August 1914, C. Schneider (No. 2173; fruits orange red); Mi-lé district, A. Henry (No. 10605; shrub 2.4 m. tall, flowers yellowish). ; $ This species is distinguished by the sessile or almost sessile flowers. Schoepfia chinensis Gardner & Champion, of which I have been able to see but one speci- men, is similar, but the flowers are almost twice as large and the leaves seem to narrower and longer than those of S. jasminodora. Here may be added the following species not collected during the Arnold Ar- boretum Expeditions. . 321 322 . WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA ,? Schoepfia fragrans Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. II. 188 (1824); Tent. Fl. / Nepal. 1. 18, t. 9 (1824). — A. P. De Candolle, Prodr. IV. 320 (1830). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. Y. 580 (1875). Schoepfiopsis fragrans Miers in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVII. 76 (1878). CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, eastern forests, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12660; tree 7 m. tall); same locality, hills, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12274; shrub 1.8 m. tall, white fragrant flowers); same locality, mountains to south, alt. 1400 m., A. Henry (Nos. 122748, 12274>; shrub 3-4.5 m. tall, flowers white, fragrant); same locality, mountains, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12274°; shrub 1.8 m. tall, pale yellow fragrant flowers). pont This species, which was first found in the eastern Himalaya (Nepal, Upper Bengal), is easily distinguished by the rather long pedicels of its flowers and by the somewhat longer leaves which are pointed towards the ends. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Determined by Aurren REmpER and E, H. Winson. ARISTOLOCHIA L. Aristolochia debilis Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 197 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 73) (1846). — Duchartre in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 1, 483 (1864). — Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. II. 135 (1865-66); Prol. Fl. Jap. 67 (1866). — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. I. 420 (1875). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 361 (1891). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 310 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 258 (1910). Aristolochia longa Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 144 (non Linnaeus) (1784). Aristolochia Sinarum Lindley in Gard. Chron. 1859, 708. — Duchartre in De Candolle, Prodr. XV. pt. 1, 497 (1864). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 363 (1891). Aristolochia recurvilabra Hance in Jour. Bot. XI. 75, fig. (1873); XVIII. 301 (1880). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VII. 67 (re- curvilabris) (Pl. David. I. 258) (1884). Kiangsi: Kiukiang, roadside thickets, alt. 100 m., July 29, 1907 (No. 1507; climber 3 m., flowers dark). Western Hupeh: Ichang, grassy hills, alt. 30-300 m., September 1907 (No. 1986; flowers dark). Very common at low altitudes round Kiukiang, rare at Ichang. Aristolochia thibetica Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 313 (1898). Western Szech'uan: 'Tachien-lu, thickets, alt. 2300 m., Angus 1908 (No. 1985; climber 2 m., flowers with chrome-yellow lip and bronze-colored throat). „On our specimen most of the leaves are obovate-oblong to panduriform; other- Wise it agrees well with Franchet’s description. The fruit is smaller and has more prominent and wider wings than that of A. heterophylla Hemsley, and the short petioles and different-shaped corolla also serve to distinguish it from Hemsley's Species. The plant is rather rare. Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. oe (1891). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 310 (1900). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 207 (1914). Aristolochia setchuenensis Franchet in Jour. de Bot. XII. 312 (1898). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 310 (1900). 323 324 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June and October 1907 (No. 367; climber 2-2.5 m., flowers dark); Chienshi Hsien, thickets, alt. 1300-1600 m., June and October, 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 925, Seed No. 538); without locality, A. Henry (No. 6417). Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, thickets, alt. 1600 m., June 1910 (No. 4564; climber 2-3 m., flowers chocolate and gold); Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5620). This species is common in western Hupeh and eastern Szech'uan in thickets on mountain slopes, but has not yet been reported from other parts of China. The leaves are extraordinarily variable in size and shape, but the nature and degree of pubescence are very constant and the species is a well-marked one. The capsule is conspicuously 6-costate, as Henry's No. 6417 clearly shows, and we suppose Hemsley's description of the capsule as “ inconspicue 6-costata " is a slip of the pen. Aristolochia moupinensis Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, X. 79 (Pl. David. II. 117) (1887); in Jour. de Bot. XII. 314 (1898). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 310 (1900); in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 251 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). — Wright in Bot. Mag. CXXXVI. t. 8325 (1910). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 207 (1914). Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 2000-2500 m., July 1908 (No. 1982; climber 3-4 m., flowers brownish); Chiuting-shan, alt. 1600 m., May 22, 1908 (No. 1983; climber 2.5-3 m., flowers brown- ish); Wa-shan, thickets, alt. 2000-2600 m., July and October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4481; Seed No. 1423); same locality, A. E. Pratt (No. 3). This is à very common climber in thickets and on the margins of woods in extreme western Szech'uan. Wright suggests that this and A. Kaempferi Willde- now may be the same, but the flowers and fruit of the latter species are very much smaller and the two plants are dissimilar in appearance. Aristolochia mollissima Hance in Jour. Bot. XVII. 300 (1879). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 362 (1891).— Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 310 (1900). — Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 258 (1910). Aristolochia sechtuenensis [sic], var. holotricha Pavolini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XV. 437 (non Diels) (1908). Western Hupeh: Ichang, grassy hills, alt. 30-300 m., April 1907 (No. 1984; slender twiner 0.5-1 m., flowers yellow); same locality, A. Henry (No. 4144*). Very common at low altitudes around Ichang. POLYGONACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. POLYGONUM L. Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 169 (1784). — Meisner, Mon. Gen. Polygon. 64, t. 4, fig. Q (1826); in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 136 (1856). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 342 (1891). — Dammer in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 314 (1900). — Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. Y. 259, fig. 169 i-m (1904). Western Hupeh: Ichang, alt. 100-900 m., September and October 1907 (No. 437; climber 7-10 m. tall, flowers white); same locality, A. Henry (No. 2343); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 82, 2488). Formosa: 1864, R. Oldham (No. 436). This species differs from the shrubby species of western Szech’uan, P. Aubertii L. Henry (in Rev. Hort. 1907, 82, fig. 23, 24), which was raised from seeds collected by Pére Aubert near Tachien-lu, in its much more branched inflorescence the axes of Which bear a very dense fine glandular pubescence at the edges, in the glabrous filaments, the smaller flowers and in the broader-winged fruits. P. Aubertii, of which I know only cultivated specimens, is more closely related to P. baldschuani- cum Regel (in Act. Hort. Petrop. VIII. 684, t. 10 [1883]), but in the last species the axes of the inflorescence are wholly glabrous, while in P. Aubertii there is a fine glandular pubescence somewhat like that of P. multiflorum but not so dense. The filaments of both the other species are finely pubescent toward their base and the wings of the larger fruits are narrower compared with their size. Here may be mentioned a Rumer not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions which is a very common woody plant in southern Szech'uan and northern Yunnan. Rumex hastatus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 74 (1825), fide Meisner in Wallich, Pl. As. Rar. III. 64 (1832); in De Candolle, Prodr. XIV. 72 (1856). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 60 (1886). — Collett, Fl. Siml. 428, fig. 136 (1902). Northern Yunnan: on the walls of the city of Hoching, September 25, 1914, C. Schneider (No. 2482; densely branched erect or procumbent shrub 0.3-0.8 m. tall); dry stony situations on the eastern flank of the Tali Range and on the walls x med city of Tali Fu, October 8, 1914, C. Schneider (No. 2880; fruits reddish, owy). This species is a common plant in the Yangtsze Valley of southern Szech'uan; I collected it in flower, in May 1914, between Yunnan Fu and Ningyüan Fu, where it seems to reach the northern limit of its range. 325 PITTOSPORACEAE. Determined by ALFRED Rexper and E. H. Wison. PITTOSPORUM Banks. Pittosporum daphniphylloides Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXX. art. 1, 34 (1911). Western Szech'uan: Wa-shan, cliffs, alt. 1000 m., October 1908 (No. 1219; bush 2 m. high); Chiuting-shan, cliffs, alt. 1500 m., May 22, 1908 (No. 1219*; bush 2-3 m., flowers greenish yellow); without locality, ravine, alt. 1300 m., July and October 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 3233; tree 8 m. tall); Mt. Omei, June 1904 ( Veitch Exped. No. 4745 ). This handsome species is closely related to P. napaulensis Rehder & Wilson! which differs in its thinner leaves, its umbellate-corymbose inflorescence and in its smaller fruits. We have not seen specimens from Formosa, but Hayata says that Wilson's No. 3233 in Herb. Kew is exactly like his new species. In woods and thickets and rocky places at low altitudes in western Szech'uan P. daphniphylloides is rather common as a bush or small tree. The leaf without the petiole is sometimes 25 cm. long and 9 cm. wide. Pittosporum glabratum Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. London, Y. 230 J116). — Walpers, Ann. I. 77 (1848). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 19 (1861). — Hooker f. & Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 198 (1872). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXIII. 58 (1886). — E. 1 Pittosporum napaulensis Rehder & Wilson, n. comb. Celastrus verticillatus Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 18 (nomen nudum) (1814); Fl. Ind. I. 391 (1824). Si ia Napaulensis De Candolle, Prodr. I. 347 (1824). Pittosporum Wallich, Cat. No. 8127 (1832). Pittosporum floribundum Putterlick, Syn. Pittospor. 9 (pro parte, non Wight & Arnott) (1839). — Hooker f. & Thomson in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. I. 199 (1872). INDIA. East Himalaya: W. Griffith (No. 270 in Herb. Gray). Sikkim: “alt. 5-7000 ped." J. D. Hooker (in Herb. Gray). Assam: Khasia, “alt. 4- 6000 ped.," J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson (in Herb. Gray). The P. floribundum Wight & Arnott with which Putterlick and others have confused this plant is well distinguished by its inflorescence, which is an erect much branched paniculate-corymb. In the Flora of British India the description 18 based upon the two species. 326 PITTOSPORACEAE. — PITTOSPORUM 224 Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 378 (1900). — Gagnepain in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, I. 239 (1909). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 37 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). Pittosporum Fortunei Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXXVI. pt. 1, 562 (1863). Pittosporum glabratum, var. angustifolium E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 378 (nomen nudum) (1900). Pittosporum pauciflorum, var. brevicalyz E. Pritzel l. c. (non Oliver) (1900). Pittosporum glabratum, var. chinense Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 285 (1910). Kiangsi: Kuling, side of streams, alt. 1300 m., July 28, 1907 (No. 1674; bush 1-2 m. high). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, woods, thickets and cliffs, alt. 30-1000 m., May 11, November 1907 (No. 657; bush 1.5-2.5 m. high, flowers yellow); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 3387*, 3414); Patung Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-1000 m., May, October 1907 (Nos. 3180, 456, bush 1-2.5 m. high, flowers yellow); same locality, April 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 279); Chienshi Hsien, woods, June, October 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 886); without locality, November 1900 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 279%, 583°); “ lungo il fiume Jang-se-kiang,” alt. 700 m., June 20-30, 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 874, co-typeof P.glabratum, var. chinense Pampanini) ; without locality, A. Henry (Nos. 4369, 7850* ex Herb. Kew as P. pauciflorum forma, 5999 ex Herb. Kew as P. glabratum, var. angustifolium). Shensi: “ Thui-kio-Tsuen,” September 25, 1897, G. Giraldi. Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 583); same locality, A. Henry (No. 7042). Wan Hsien, banks of Yangtsze River, alt. 300 m., April 1908 (No. 3178; bush 1-2 m. high, flowers yellow); Fu-chou, banks of Yangtsze River, alt. 300 m., April 1908 (No. 3177; bush 5 m. high, flowers deep yellow, fragrant); Nan- ch’uan, A. von Rosthorn (Nos. 1933, 2074); Nanch’uan, Pén-sha-ai, August 1891, A. von Rosthorn (No. 674 received as P. pauciflorum, Var. brevicalyx). Western Szech'uan: Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4744); same locality, 1899, Hugh Scallan. Yunnan: Mengtsze, mountains to north, alt. 1800-2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 10551, 10553, 10191"); Yuanchiang, alt. 1600-2000 m., A. Henry (Nos. 13299, 13403). Chekian g: Changhua Hsien, woods, among rocks, alt. 300 m., July 11, 1915, F. N. Meyer (No. 1540). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. No. 2369). Kwangtung: Lao-fou-shan, C. Ford (No. 592). Hongkong: C. Wright (No. 26). 328 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA INDIA. Manipur: 1881-82, G. Watts (No. 6538). East Bengal: W. Griffith (No. 271 in part). Assam: Khasia Hills, alt. 1600 m., Hooker f. & Thomson. This is the common Pittosporum of China and is frequent in woods, thickets and shady places throughout the warmer parts from the sea-coast to the extreme west. The leaves vary much in size and in shape from obovate and obovate- oblong to oblanceolate-oblong and occasionally lanceolate-oblong. The pedicels are glabrous or furnished with few to many crisped and glandular hairs. The capsule is large and relatively thick and woody and is usually three-valved, but may vary from 2 to 4 on the same branch. The flowers vary in color from pale to deep yellow and are sweetly scented. The characters on which Pampanini bases his var. chinense are inconstant. Pittosporum glabratum, var. neriifolium Rehder & Wilson n. var. A typo recedit foliis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis v. anguste lanceo- latis 10-15 em. longis et 1-2 cm. latis, interdum ad 20 cm. longis et 2.6 cm. latis. Western Hupeh: Patung Hsien, cliffs, alt. 600-1000 m., May, November 1907 (No. 3181, type; bush 1.5-2 m. high, flowers yellow); without locality, May 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 361); without local- ity, A. Henry (Nos. 5359, 5422). Western Szech'uan: without locality, May 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3231, 32319); Mt. Omel, 1899, Hugh Scallan. Yunnan: Mentgsze, forests, alt. 1800-2300 m., A. Henry (Nos. 101915, 10545). Hongkong: Little Hongkong, 4 er woods, April 12, 1909, W. J. Tutcher (ex Herb. Hongkong No. 9501). INDIA. Assam: Khasia Hills, alt. 1600 m., Hooker f. & T. Thomson. East Bengal, W. Griffith (No. 271 pro parte). $ In its typical form with its long and narrow oblong-lanceolate leaves, this plant looks sufficiently distinct to be regarded as a species, but the numbers Veitch Exped. 361, 3231, 3231°; Henry Nos. 5359, 101915, and the Mt. Omei specimen collected by Father Hugh Scallan are more" or less intermediate, and we do not think that it is entitled to rank higher than a variety. Its distribution is similar to that of the type with which it grows. Pittosporum truncatum E. Pritzel in Bot. Jahrb. X XIX. 378 (1900).— Pampanini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 286 (1910). derer on api var. brevicalyx Oliver in Hookers Icon. XVI. t. 1 s Pittosporum brevicalyz Gagnepain in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, LV. 545 (1908). Western Hupeh: Ichang, cliffs of glens and ravines, alt. 30- 600 m., May 3, November 1907 (No. 650; bush 1-2.5 m., flowers yellow); same locality, April and November 1900 (Veitch Exped. No. 51); same locality A. Henry (No. 1524); without locality A- Henry (Nos. 1081, 3414, 7306). Eastern Szech'uan: Wushan Hsien, A. Henry (No. 5513 in Herb. Gray); Nanch'uan, A. von Ros- thorn (No. 2071, co-type). $ PITTOSPORACEAE. — PITTOSPORUM 329 This is a very common shrub on the cliffs at low altitudes in western Hupeh and eastern Szech’uan, where it is known colloquially as Ai-hua-tzü. The typical form, with rhombic-obovate leaves attenuate at the base and often abruptly caudate- acuminate, is very well marked, but some specimens approach P. heterophyllum Franchet, and it may be that these species are not really distinct. Henry’s specimens were distributed by the Kew herbarium as doubtful forms of P. pauciflorum Hooker & Arnott, but they are not this species, which is characterized by its few-flowered umbellate inflorescence, its oblong acute sepals and by its fruit, which is three times the size of that of P. truncatum. On E. Pritzel’s type the leaves are somewhat malformed, but such leaves may often be found on specimens, as on Henry No. 5513. Gagnepain clearly defines the difference between this and P. pauciflorum Hooker & Arnott, but in taking up Oliver’s varietal name he unfortunately over- looked that given by E. Pritzel. Pittosporum heterophyllum Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, XXXIII. 415 (1886); Pl. Delavay. 76, t. 18 (1889). — Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VII. 30, 95 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1912). Western Szech'uan: Wén-ch'uan Hsien, valley of Min River, alt. 1000-1300 m., July and October 1908 (No. 1146; bush 1-1.5 m., flowers yellow); Yachou Fu, thickets, alt. 330-600 m., November 1908 (No. 3179; bush 1 m. high); without precise locality, cliffs, alt. 2000-3500 m., May, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. Nos. 3229, 3232). Yunnan: Lichiang Range, alt. 2800 m., May 1906, G. Forrest (No. 2084). This pretty species is common on cliffs and in rocky places generally in the warm and arid valleys of western Szech'uan. The leaves are heteromorphic, but on some specimens they are rather similar in shape to those of P. truncatum Pritzel. Pittosporum saxicola Rehder & Wilson, n. sp. Frutex 0.3-2 m. altus, saepe prostratus; ramuli graciles, teretes, flavo- v. brunneo-cinerei, hornotini puberuli. Folia persistentia, coria- cea, oblonga v. anguste elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, mucronata, basi cuneata v. attenuata, margine revoluta interdum leviter crenulata, 1-5, pleraque 2-3.5 cm. longa, et 0.3-0.9 cm. lata, glabra, supra niti- dula, intense viridia, subtus pallidiora, nervis utrinsecus 4-8 supra ut costa leviter impressa subtus leviter elevatis; petioli 1-5 mm. longi, marginati. Flores lutei, fragrantes, solitarii v. plures in cymis umbelliformibus ramulos breves terminantibus; pedicelli 3-8 mm. longi, puberuli; bracteae membranaceae, lanceolatae, 1-2 mm. longae, caducae; sepala libera v. fere libera, ovata, acuta v. obtusa, 2-2.5 mm. longa, glanduloso-ciliolata; corolla tubuloso-campanulata, 7-8 mm. longa, petalis oblongis 2-2.5 mm. latis coherentibus et tubum for- mantibus, parte libera patente tubum dimidium subaequante; stamina petalis breviora sed tubum superantia, filamentis subulatis 44.5 330 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA mm. longis glabris, antheris luteis sagittatis; pistillum staminibus brevius, ovario leviter compresso glabro v. sparse pubescente, stylo crasso, stigmate simplice. Capsula subglobosa, compressa, 6-8 mm. alta, leviter verruculosa, stylo persistente coronata 2-valvis, 4- sperma. Western Szech’uan: near Mao-chou, valley of Min River, alt. 1300-1800 m., May 26, 1908 (No. 3182, type; flowers); same locality, alt. 1000 m., August 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 3230; co-type fruit). This new species is most closely related to P heterophyllum Franchet, which is distinguished by its thinner, heteromorphic and larger leaves. It may also be com- pared with P. humile Hooker f. & Thomson, which has larger leaves, a racemose sub-umbellate inflorescence, shorter pedicels with longer bracts, and smaller flowers with sepals half as long as the corolla. P. saxicola is common in rocky places in arid parts of the valley of the Min River. Often it forms low scrub with stems prostrate on the ground, but under favorable conditions it is a bush 2 m. high and as much through. We are not sure that the fruit always contains four seeds only. Here may be added a note on a species from Formosa. Pittosporum formosanum Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 32, t. 4 (Enum Pl. Formosan.) (1906); in XXX. art. 1, 34 (1911). Pittosporum sp. nova Henry in Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan, XXIV. Suppl. 18 (List Pl. Formosa) (1896). Formosa: Takow, Ape’s Hill, A. Henry (Nos. 1058, 1070*, 1888; shrub or small tree 1-3 m. high); same locality, G. M. Playfair (No. 52); Bankinsing, A. Henry (Nos. 48, 822); South Cape, A. Henry (Nos. 256, 971, 977). We do not think that this species has any affinity with P. pauciflorum Hooker : M stated by Hayata. Tous it appears most closely related to P. Fernan- ezii Vidal. APOCYNACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. MELODINUS Forst. Melodinus Hemsleyanus Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 539 (1900). Melodinus? sp. nov. Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 94 (1889). Eastern Szech'uan: Taning Hsien, alt. 650 m., July 1910 (No. 4563; climber over rocks, 1.5-3 m. long, flowers white); Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. No.5070; climber). SouthernSzech'uan: “Nanch’uan, ‘Kung chia p’ing,’ Felswünde, August," A. von Rost- horn (No. 511, type). This species may be distinguished by the small and sometimes indistinct scales at the mouth of the corolla. It is closely related to the following species. Here may be added the description of another species not collected during the Arnold Arboretum Expeditions. , Melodinus Seguini Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. II. 114 (descriptio satis incorrecta) (1906), fide specim. originalis; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 30 (1914). Frutex ad 1 m. altus; ramuli hornotini distincte, annotini laxius breviter villosuli v. fere tomentosi, cinereo-brunnescentes. Folia subcoriacea, ovato-oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga, basi rotundata, brevissime acutata, apicem versus sensim v. abruptius acuminata, integra, 5-11 em. longa, 2.5-5.5cm. lata, supra viridia, lucida, In nervis et costa impressa densius, in facie sparse griseo-villosula, subtus pallidiora, molliter pubescenti-villosula, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 10 patentibus paulo prominulis costa distincte prominente; petioli superne sulcati, dense breviter osuli, 6-8 mm. longi. Inflorescentia pro sectione normalis, axibus calycibus alabastris modoramulorum pilosis; pedicelli versus apicem bracteolis2 ovato-lanceo- latis instructi, 1-1.3 m. longi; calycis segmenta ovato-lanceolata, acuta, sublibera, subimbricata, plus minusve appressa, circiter 6 mm. longa; corolla alba, pro genere normalis; tubus extus breviter tomentellus, circiter 1.6-1.9 em. longus, 1.5 mm. crassus, sub faucem paulo angustatus, intus sparse puberulus; lobi circiter 1.4 cm. longi et 5-6 mm. lati, oblanceolati, obtusi, margine interiore paulo supra basim plus minusve irregulariter cristato-undulato, extus in partibus in alabastro non in- flatis nudi, intus glabri v. sub microscopio minime puberuli, ad faucem lobulis lineari- bus puberulis circiter 2 mm. longis paracorollam irregularem formantibus instructi; Stamina 5 versus basim tubo inserta gynaeceumque glabra, pro genere normalia; stigmata apice breviter bifida; stylus calycem subaequans; fructus ignoti. se Kweichou: “cascade de Hoangko-Chou sur les rochers, 9 juin 1898,” J. Se- guin (No. 2390, type). Kwangsi: Lungchou, H. B. Morse (No. 171 — shrub 1 m. tall, flowers white; ex collectione A. Henry). 331 332 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA This species seems to be most closely related to M. Hemsleyanus Diels, judging by the shape of the calyx. Otherwise it has a much more distinct paracorolla, but not so well developed as that of M. suaveolens Champion, which may be at once distinguished by its shorter, obtuser calyx and by the peculiar lobulation of the dolabriform shorter lobes. I have seen only fragments of Léveillé's type, and it seems to be a little different from Morse’s plant before me. The leaves of the type are narrower, the lobes of the corolla are a little longer and not so distinctly undulate-cristate, the corolla tube is more hairy within, and the branches of the stigma are very slender. TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemaire. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hooker f., var. Cavaleriei Schneider, n. var. Melodinus Cavaleriei Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. II. 113 (descriptio incorrecta) (1912), fide specim. originalis. Trachelospermum rubrinerve Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 32 (1914). Frutexscandens; ramuli hornotinibrunnescentes, flavo-hirto-villosuli, annotini plusminusveglabrescentes. Folia crassa, obovato-oblonga, basi cuneata, apice satis subito acutata, leviter anguste emarginata (an nor- maliter apiculata?), margine integra, 5-6.5 em. longa, 1.8-2.8 cm. lata; supra viridia, ut videtur paulo nitentia, costa impressa, glabra, subtus ut . videtur laete viridia, in costa nervisque elevatis et in facie plus minusve ut ramuli villosula, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 10; petioli supra suleati, utrinque villosuli, 4-6 mm. longi; stipulae non visae; glandulae inter- et intrapetiolares in annulum dispositae, nigro-pur- pureae. Inflorescentiae laxe cymoso-paniculatae, terminales axillares- que, satis longe pedunculatae, folia superantes; pedunculus communis 3-5 em. longus, compressus, plus minusve pilosulus; peduneuli laterales 3—5, breviores, similes, bracteis ut videtur deciduis lanceolatis ad 4 mm. longis ciliatis in dorso pilosulis suffulti; pedicelli 4-13 mm. longi, inter- dum subglabri, bracteolis minutis ciliatis praediti. Floresalbi; sepala oblonga, 2-2.5 mm. longa, subacuta v. obtusiuscula, ciliata (interdum calyx in basi extus pilosus), apice plus minusve conniventia intus basi squamulis 10 subrotundis denticulatis instructa; corolla hypocrateri- formis; tubus circiter 9 mm. longus, cylindricus, sed apice dilatatus, intus post stamina pilosus, ad faucem glaber; lobi oblique obovati, tubo aequilongi, apice ad 6 mm. lati, subretusi, glabri; stamina gynae- ceumque pro genere normalia; ovarium glabrum bipartitum disco quinquelobo cinctum. Fructus ignotus. Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, on rocks, alt. 900-1200 m., July 1907 (No. 2341, type; flowers white); Patung Hsien, alt. 900- APOCYNACEAE. — TRACHELOSPERMUM 333 1600 m., July 1907 (No. 2342*). Kweichou: “environs de Kouy- yang, mont du Collége, rare, 25 avril 1898," J. Chaffaanjon; “ environs de Lo-Pie, avril 1898," J. Seguin; "environs de Tou-chan, 3 juin 1899," J. Cavalerie (ex Léveillé). On account of the glabrous mouth of the corolla and of the exserted anther- tips I refer Wilson's plant as a variety to T. gracilipes Hooker f. So far as I can judge by fragments kindly sent to me by Mgr. Léveillé from one of his type specimens the plant from Kweichou is the same as that from Hupeh. The sta- mens are exserted and not included as stated by the author in his description. I am not sure if all three specimens cited by Léveillé really belong to our plant. 7 Trachelospermum cathayanum Schneider n. sp. Trachelospermum jasminoides Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 99 (pro parte, non Lemaire) (1889). — Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 540 (pro parte) (1900); in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VIL. 407 (Pl. Chin. Forrest.) (1913). Frutex scandens, ad 6.5 m. altus; ramuli hornotini brunnescentes, flavo-puberuli v. interdum breviter subyillosuli, rarius subglabri, annotini glabrescentes v. glabri, purpurascentes. Folia crasse chartacea, oblonga v. oblongo-elliptica v. obovato- oblonga, basi acuta, versus apicem sensim v. subito acuminata, imo apice minime mucronulata, margine integra, minimis exceptis pleraque 5-10 cm. longa et 1.8-4 cm. lata, superne satis viridia, lucida, costa plana v. subimpressa, glabra, subtus pallide viridia, subnitida, costa elevata, nervis nervillisque prominentibus graciliter reticulata, glabra; petioli 3-7 mm. longi, glabri v. ut ramuli puberuli superne sul- cati; glandulae normales. Inflorescentiae laxe cymoso-paniculatae, terminales axillaresque, foliis breviores v. subaequilongae; pedunculus communis 2-4 cm. longus, glaber v. minute puberulus, compressus, pedunculi laterales 2-3 v. nulli, illo similes sed breviores, basi bracteis 2-3 mm. longis lanceolatis ciliolatis suffulti; pedicelli 3-6 mm. longi, plerique glabri, bracteolati; flores albi, fragrantes; sepala oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata, acuta v. subobtusa, glabra margine ciliolato ex- epto, adpressa v. apice paulo patula, 2-2.5 v. fere 3 mm. longa, intus basi squamu- lis 10 dentieulafgincisis praedita; corolla hypocraterimorpha; tubus circiter 7-8 "ems longus, supra&medium dilatatus, intus post stamina et ad faucem pilosus; lobi oblique obovato-oblongi, tubo plerique subaequilongi v. fere sublongiores, apice circiter 5 mm. lati subretusi, glabri; stamina inclusa v. interdum (in No. 2347) paulo e fauce exserta gynaeceumque normalia; ovarium glabrum, bipar- titum, disco quinquepartito subduplo breviore v. aequilongo cinctum. Fructus unus tantum visus; folliculi paralleli, 12 em. longi, circiter 5 mm. crassi, utrinque paulo attenuati, glabri; semina pro subgenere normalia, circiter 16 mm. longa et ‘5 mm. crassa, apice coma 18-20 mm. longa instructa. Western Hupeh: Changlo Hsien, rocks, etc., alt. 900-1300 m., June 1907 (No. 2344; climber, flowers white) ; without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 5976). Eastern Szech’uan: Nanch’uan, A. von Rosthorn (No. 2345). Western Szech’uan: Ta-p’ao-shan, north- east of Tachien-lu, alt. 1800-2400 m., July 3, 1908 (No. 2345; on TOCks and trees, flowers white); west of Kuan Hsien, Niu-tou-shan, rocks, alt. 1300 m., June 18, 1908 (No. 2346; climber, flowers white, fragrant); Mupin, on rocks, alt. 900-2200 m., June 1908 (No. 2347; 334 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA climber 2.5-5 m., flowers white); Wa-shan, cliffs, alt. 1300 m., July 1908 (No. 2348, type; flowers white, fragrant); Mt. Omei, June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 5072); Yunnan: Tali Range, alt. 2100-2300 m., July 1906, G. Forrest (No. 4719); Féng-chen-lin, mountains south of Red River, alt. 1900 m., A. Henry (No. 10651; large climber, flowers white); Mengtsze, mountains to southeast, woods, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 10651*; climber, white flowers). According to the short-pointed apex of its flower-buds this species shows affinity to T. jasminoides Lemaire, but it seems to be most closely related to T'. lucidum Kanitz, differing in the characters given in the key on p. 336. There are slight differences between some of the specimens mentioned above in the size of the flowers, the length of the lobes, and the shape of the sepals and of the flower-buds. The leaves are glabrous, but in Henry's No. 10651 there are a few hairs on the midrib of the under surface. Trachelospermum jasminoides Lemaire in Gard. Fleur. I. t. 61 (1851). — Wallis in Gard. Chron. n. ser. VII. 116, fig. 19 (1877). — Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, sér. 2, VI. 86 (Pl. David. I. 206) (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 99 (pro parte) (1889). — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 599 (1914), exclud. synon. pro parte. Rhynchospermum jasminoides Lindley in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. l. 74, fig. (1846). — A. Henfrey in Gard. Mag. Bot. II. 113, t. (1850). — Lindley & Paxton, Flow. Gard. II. 26, fig. 147 (1851). — Hooker in Bot. Mag. LXXIX. t. 4737 (1853). Parechites adnascens Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 299 (1868). Trachelospermum divaricatum K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. IV. Abt. 2. 173, fig. 58 J-L (1895), quoad syn. Lemaire et icon. — Pam- panini in. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. XVII. 695 (1910). — Schneider, IU. Handb. Laubholzk. II. 851, fig. 534 a-e (1912), quoad syn. Lemaire et icon. Western Hupeh: south of Ichang, on rocks and trees, abundant, alt. 300-900 m., June 1907 (No. 578*; flowers white, fragrant); same locality, October 1907 (No. 578; fruits); same locality, A. Henry (Nos. 504, 792); Patung Hsien, rocks, alt. 900-1600 m., July 1907 (No. 2342; climber, flowers white); same locality, on trees, ete., alt. 900 m., May 1907 (No. 2343; climber, flowers white) ; ‘‘ Kao-kien-scian," alt. 800 m., May-June 1907, C. Silvestri (No. 1869). Fokien: “in ins. Taitan, prope Amoy, in rupibus lichenosis, Majo 1866,” 7. Sampson (No. 11071, Herb. Hance, type of P. adnascens). Chekiang: vicinity of Ningpo, 1908, D. Macgregor (with flowers and fruits); Changhua Hsien, on rocks and tree trunks in shady places, alt. 250 m., July 12, 1915, F. N. Meyer (flowers white, fragrant). Kiangsu: Shanghai, A. For- tune (type of Rhynchospermum jasminoides ex Lindley). Formosa: i APOCYNACEAE. — TRACHELOSPERMUM 335 i without locality, A. Henry’s Collector. Hongkong: top of Ridge, f May 9, 1859, Colonel Urquhart (1861 ex Herb. Kew; forma incerta). , The true T. jasminoides is a Chinese plant and is distinct from the Japanese T. p divaricatum K. Schumann, with which it has been united by previous authors. » The latter may be distinguished at once even from glabrous forms of T. jasminoides * by the exserted stamens and by the longer-pointed flower-buds. Most of the cul- tivated plants of T. jasminoides and apparently also Lindley's type are much more glabrous than the wild forms mentioned above, but there is in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum a specimen from the Villa Thuret at Antibes, France, which shows the same pubescence on the inflorescence, the sepals and on the under sur- faces of the leaves that we find in the Chinese specimens. Even the apparently wholly glabrous cultivated plants are more or less sparsely hairy on the under surface of the leaves, but the mouth of the corolla is mostly without any hairs. The stamens are distinctly included, and the sepals are spreading or reflexed and comparatively longer than those of T. cathayanum. The pubescence of the branch- lets is variable and we find in almost every species quite glabrous and rather pubescent forms. See also under T. divaricatum Kanitz p. 337. t ; i 1 j fed t d H Trachelospermum axillare Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 668 (1882), Pf ut videtur tantum pro parte.— Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 540 (1900). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 464 (1906).— Léveillé, Fl. Kouy- Tchéou, 31 (1914), fide Léveillé. eo Melodinus Chaffanjoni Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. II. 114 (1906), fide : Léveillé. : : T CD astacus Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 43 (1914), secund. specim. ori- i ginale. H Western Szech'uan: Mupin, thickets, alt. 900-1300 m., June 1908 (No. 1939; climber, 2.5 m. tall, flowers orange); Mt. Omei, July 1904 (Veiteh Exped. No. 5073); without precise locality, July 1904 (Veitch Exped. 4107; climber, flowers orange). Western Hupeh: Hsing-shan Hsien, side of streams, alt. 900 m., July 1907 (No. 1940; scandent shrub, 2.5 m., flowers reddish); same locality, June 1901 (Veitch Exped. No. 856; climber, flowers orange); without precise locality, A. Henry (No. 3618). Fokien: Dunn’s Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongkong Herb. No. 2918). Yunnan: Mengtsze, moun- tains to southwest, alt. 1900 m., A. Henry (No. 9854; large climber; with ripe fruits); same locality, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 9854? ; large climber, yellow flowers); same locality, mountains to southeast, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 98548; large climber); Szemao, mountains to east, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 12050; reddish flowers); same locality, mountains to northwest, alt. 1600 m., A. Henry (No. 13115; climber, red flowers). Hm te vtm 336 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA INDIA. Sikkim: “reg. subtrop. alt. 4-6000 ped.," J. D. Hooker (type; ** Rhynchospermum 5, Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. et T."). The co-type of this species in the Gray Herbarium agrees well with the Chinese Specimens mentioned above, but it is strange that Hooker in his description says: “ ovary pubescent, follicles tomentose,” while in all the specimens before me there is not the slightest indication of any pubescence on the ovaries or fruits. It might be possible that there are two different plants mixed under the type specimens, or it was a mistake of Hooker's, who also describes the mouth and throat of the corolla as glabrous, while in the specimens before me both are distinctly pubescent. I suggest that the fruits described by Hooker do not belong to a T'rachelospermum at all. See also my remarks under subgen. Azillanthus. CLAVIS SPECIERUM GENERIS TRACHELOSPERMI. Ovarium fruetusque glaberrimus. Squamae calycis distincti, 10 (v. plures?), 2 ante segmentum quodque insertae. Tubus corollae apice dilatatus; stamina in parte dilatata inserta; styli elongati. Valvae fructuum (an semper?) tenues. Subgen. 1. EUTRACHELOSPERMUM. Alabastra satis longe acuminata, parte loborum convolutorum quam pars superior dilatata tubi plus minusve duplo longiore. Antherae e fauce glabra paulo exsertae. Sepala circiter 3.5 mm. longa, apice plus minusve patula. Corollae tubus circiter 8-9 mm. longus. Folia vix ad 9 cm. longa et 3.5 em. cw tne c np M S E 1. T. divaricatum. 1 As is the case with many other genera of the Apocynaceae it is very difficult to limit properly the genus Trachelospermum. After a careful examination of all the material at my disposition and of the description given by authors I think it best not to include the following plants referred to this genus: : 1. T. difforme Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. II. pt. 1, 85 (1878), and the apparently very different T. stans Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. XXI. 394 (1886) (see the specimens collected by E. Palmer, No. 724, at Chapala in 1886, and of C. G. Pringle, No. 8743, at Monterey, Mexico, 1903). Both may be kept in the genus Secondatia A. DC. 2. T. verrucosa Boerlage, Handl. Fl. Nederl. Ind. II. 400 (1899), which is the same as T'riadenia verrucosa Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bat. II. 459 (1856) and referred to our genus by Bentham & Hooker. I have not seen a specimen. 3. T. Bowringii Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 99 (1889), which was first described as Parechites Bowringii Hance in Jour. Bot. VI. 299 (1868). I know this plant only from Hance's description, according to which, if correct, I do not believe that the plant is a Trachelospermum in our sense. : 4. T. philippinense Elmer in Leaft. Philipp. Bot. II. 488 (1908), of which I have seen the type (A. D. E. Elmer, No. 9135, Lukban, 1907). The author says “ near to T. fragrans Hook. f.,” but, as he states himself, the very short corolla-lobes "s “ slightly twisted to the right in the bud, but reflexed to the left in the anthesis. Besides this there are only five scales of the calyx and the inflorescence is different. ; It certainly has no relationship with T. fragrans or any other Trachelospermum. . 5. T. Cavaleriei Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 31 (1912), of which I saw some leaves, is no Trachelospermum. T. Esquirolii Léveillé, 1. c. 32, is a Melodinus, near to M. monogynus. T. Navillei Léveillé, l. c., is the same as Aganosma cymosum, var. elegans Hooker f. APOCYNACEAE. — TRACHELOSPERMUM 337 Corollae tubus circiter 1.4 cm. longus. Folia ad 13.5 em. longa et 4.5 cm. lata (fide Craib) |... ESTEE C 2. T. siamense. Sepala 2-2.5 mm. longa, plus minusve adpressa; corollae tubus 8-10 mm. longus (si tubus tantum 6-7 mm. longus, confer 1. T. divaricatum, var. Drese pm) — ee 34. 3 SX a D 3. T. gracilipes. Alabastra acuta v. subobtusa, lobis parte dilatata tubi vix v. paulo longioribus, interdum subbrevioribus v. faux distincte pilosa; antherae fere semper inclusae. Sepala brevia, parte inferiore haud dilatata tubi duplo v. ultra breviora, plus minusve adpressa, vix 2.5 (-3) mm. longa (confer etiam 1. T. di- varicatum, var. brevisepalum). Folliculi visi ad 13 em. longi et 0.5 cm. lati; comae seminales seminibus asgnlongae . . 2 11 207.2 4 X Oe doni o, 4. T. cathayanum. Folliculi ad 35 em. longi et 4 mm. lati; comae seminales seminibus duplo JDnPRORON VSO On TD Me Ceu e a 6. T. lucidum. Sepala longiora, parte inferiore tubi tantum 1 breviora v. aequilonga v. 3.5-5 mm. longa, apice distincte patula v. reflexa. Corollae tubus circiter 9-10 mm. longus; sepala fere semper apice reflexa. Follieuli ad 21 em. longi, angulo 180? divergentes. 5. T. jasminoides. Corollae tubus e. 13-14 mm. longus; sepala apice paulo v. vix patula. Folliculi ad 40 em. longi, paralleli . . . . . . . 7. T. tetanocarpum. Tubus corollae brevis, tantum basi paulo dilatatus; stamina in parte inferiore Inserta; styli breves. Valvae fructuum satis crassae. Subgen. 2. AXILLANTHUS. 8. T. azillare. Ovarium fructusque pilosus. Squamae calycis ut in subgen. 1 et 2, florum structura ut in subgen. Azillanthus, sed sepala medio tubi paulo longiora. Subgen. 3. PSEUDAXILLANTHUS. 9. T. Dunnii. Squamae calycis minores, ut videtur decem v. plures (v. tantum 5, ex King & Gamble); tubus corollae apice attenuatus, infra medium ad insertionem sta- minum dilatatus sed basi constrictus. Folliculi maturi angulo recto divergentes. Subgen. 4. LACHNOCARPUS. Folliculi ad 23 cm. longi et 7 mm. lati . . .. .. 10. T. Curtisii. Folliculi ad 14 cm. longi et 12 mm. lati . .. ..... 11. T. auritum. ENUMERATIO SPECIERUM. Subgen. 1. EUTRACHELOSPERMUM K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV. Abt. 2, 173 (pro sectione) (1895). : The principal differences of the four subgenera are briefly stated in the key. ey are found in the structure of the flowers and of the fruits, while in the inflo- Tescences there are only slight differences. The seeds of Eutrachelospermum are more or less angular-cylindrie with a furrow, while they are broader and flatter in the two other subgenera. The angle in which the follicles diverge seems to be rather variable in the first subgenus, and the fruits and seeds of species No. 1-7 need further investigation. 1. Trachelospermum divaricatum Kanitz in Termész. Füzet. II. 46 (Anthoph. Jap.) (1878). — K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. Abt. 2, 173 (1895), exclud. icone et syn. Lemaire. — Schneider, ZU. Handb. Laubholzk. IL. 851 (pro parte) (1912). — Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. II. pt. 2, 507 (1912). 338 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Nerium divaricatum Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 110 (non Linnaeus) (1794). Malouetia asiatica Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Münch. IV. pt. 3, 163 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 39) (1846). Parechites Thunbergii A. Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. ser. 2, VI. 403 (Bot. Jap.) (1859). — Oliver in Jour. Linn. Soc. YX. 166 (1867). Trachelospermum jasminoides Franchet & Savatier, Enum. Pl. Jap. II. 438 (non Lemaire) (1879). — Maximowiez in Bot. Jahrb. VI. 65 (1885). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 252 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci: Tokyo XXXI. 91 (Fl. Kor. II.) (1911). — Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVI. 122 (1912). Trachelospermum jasminoides, var. pub s Makino, 1. c. (1912). Trachelospermum crocostomum Stapf in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 74. — Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 599 (1914). EASTERN ASIA. Korea: without precise locality “in arboribus et rupibus serpens," June 1907, U. Faurie (No. 1899); Quelpaert, in dumosis, October 1906, U. Faurie (No. 739) ; same locality ‘scandens in sepibus torrentium Hogno," May 12, 1908, Taquet (No. 1122); in dumosis Hogno," October 1907, Taquet (No. 279). JAPAN. Hondo: prov. Musashi, Mitsumine-san, on rocks, common, alt. 300 m., June 8, 1914, E. H. Wilson (No. 6956; flowers white, fragrant; throat of the flowers somewhat hairy); prov. Shinano, Nakatsu-gawa to Nojiri, September 6, 1905, J. G. Jack (climbing high on trunk of trees); prov. Mino, near Gifu, October 20, 1892, C. S. Sargent (climbing high on Pine trees); prov. Sagami, Yokohoma, 1862, C. Mazimowicz; prov. Idzu: Simoda, C. Wright; prov. Harima, vicinity of Sayo, July 23, 1903, S. Arimoto. Shikoku: prov. Tosa, Nanokawa, June 9, 1889, K. Watanabe; same locality, October 24, 1889, K. Watanabe. Kyushu: prov. Osumi, base of Higashi-Kirishima, common on trees, alt. 500-800 m., June 3, 1914, E. H. Wilson; prov. Hizen, Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham (No. 562); prov. Bungo, Beppu, June 6, 1910 (ex Herb. Sakurai). Tsusima Island: 1859, C. Wilford. Bonin Islands: C. Wright (No. 192). This Japanese species is different from T. jasminoides Lemaire, as I have al- ready pointed out (p. 335), and seems to be most nearly related to T. gracilipes Hooker f. and T. siamense Craib. Unfortunately these two species are very little known and I have not been able to examine the type specimens of them. Their fruits have not yet been described. The follicles of T. divaricatum are rather parallel or spreading in an acute angle not widely divergent as in T. jasminoides. In Wil- son’s No. 6956 the mouth of the flowers is a little hairy, and Arimoto’s specimen resembles in its pubescence the wild forms of T. jasminoides, but the buds are distinctly long-pointed, while in the latter species they are often very acute but with shorter points. Through the kindness of Mr. Bean we have received flower- ing branchlets of the type-plant of T. crocostomum Stapf, which cannot be separated from the true T. divaricatum. Stapf compared his plant only with T. jasminoides Lemaire, which hitherto has been regarded as being identical with the Japanese species. Trachelospermum divaricatum, var. brevisepalum Schneider, n. var. i A typo praecipue recedit sepalis 2-2.5 mm. tantum longis appressis v. vix apice patulis, floribus paulo minoribus, alabastris apice interdum minus longe acuminatis. JAPAN. Liuku Islands (ex Herb. Yokohama Nursery Co.). CHINA. Formosa: South Cape, A. Henry (No. 1370, fruiting co-type; No- 1301); “ ubique frequens in dumosis montium," May 1913, U. Faurie (No. 249, type; with flowers); without precise locality, 1864, R. Oldham (No. 329; forma ut videtur inter typum et varietatem intermedia). — ia APOCYNACEAE. — TRACHELOSPERMUM 339 This variety seems to be connected with the type by forms like Oldham’s No. 329, and it needs further observation. In Henry’s No. 1370 the coma of the seed is twice as long as the seed, while in the type, as far as I have seen, it seems to be scarcely longer than the seed. 2. Trachelospermum siamense Craib in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1911, 414. SIAM. Chiangmai: Doi Sootep, alt. 600 m., A. F. G. Kerr (No. 1133, type, ex Craib). I know this species only from the author’s description according to which it seems to differ from T. gracilipes Hooker f. only in its longer sepals. I believe the Siamese plant is very near T. borneanum Boerlage, Handl. Fl. Nederl. Ind. IL. 400 (Borneana) (1899), the type of which is Parechites borneana Miquel in Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Weten. Afdel. Nat. VI. 193 (Nov. Gen. Apoc. Ind. 3) (1857) from Borneo. Miquel’s description agrees well with that of Craib. 3. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. IJI. 668. (1882). INDIA. East Bengal: “ Khasia and Jynthea Mts," T. Lobb (Type, ex Hooker f.). According to Hooker's short description this species is characterized by ^ throat glabrous, anther-tips exserted." It belongs to the group formed by T. divaricatum K. Schumann, T. siamense Craib and T. borneanum Boerlage mentioned above. The following variety is only a provisional one. Trachelospermum gracilipes, var. Cavaleriei Schneider. See p. 332. 4. Trachelospermum cathayanum Stapf. See p. 333. 5. Trachelospermum jasminoides Lemaire. See p. 334. 6. Trachelospermum lucidum K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. IV. Abt. 2, 173 (1895). Alstonia lucida D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 131 (1825), fide J. D. Hooker. Echites triangularis Hamilton apud D. Don, l. c. (pro synon.) (1825). Blaperopus lucidus A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 411 (1844). Ichnocarpus fragrans Wallich apud A. De Candolle, 1. c. 435 (1844). Trachelospermum fragrans Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. III. 667 (1782). — Brandis, Ind. Trees, 464 (1906). INDIA. Kumaon: Pyura, alt. 1800 m., R. Strachey & J. E. Winterbottom (No. 1); “ Him. Bor. Oce. Reg. trop. alt. 2000 ped." T. Thomson. Assam: Go- alpara, Chrang Duar, plains, December 1890, G. Mann; near Jingali Bam Garden, Joboca, October 1898, Dr. Prain's Collector (No. 155); Jingali Bam Jungle, March 1899, Dr. Prain’s Collector (No. 810); without precise locality, Colonel Jenkins. A well-marked species which apparently is closely related to T. tetanocarpum Schneider, but this species has larger flowers, longer leaves and longer seeds, with a coma only a little longer than the seed. The type of T. lucidum was collected by Wallich in Nepal and seems to be No. 1675 of his Catalogue. P 7. Trachelospermum tetanocarpum Schneider, n. sp. Frutex alte scandens ; ramuli annotini hornotinique plus minusve villoso-pu- ntes, cinereo-purpurascentes. Folia coriacea, elliptica, integra utrinque acuta V. apice breviter acuminata, utrinque lucida et glabra, supra intensius viridia, costa fere plana, subtus pallide viridia, 5-13 cm. longa, 2.34.5 cm. lata, costa elevata, ner- Vis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-13 prominulis; petioli superne suleati, interdum pilosi, subtus convexi, plerique glabri, 5-10 mm. longi; glandulae inter- et intrapetiolares normales, Inflorescentia pro sectione normalis, ad 8 em. longa, glabra, pedun- culo communi 2-3.5 em. longo, pedunculis secundariis 3 circiter 2-2.5 cm. longis, 340 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA braeteis lanceolato-linearibus 5-10 mm. longis instructa; pedicelli glabri, basi nor- * maliter bracteati, calycibus vix v. ad duplo longiores; sepala lanceolata, acuta, . tenuiter ciliata, 4-5 mm. longa, apice plus minusve patula, intus basi squamulis 10 instructa; flores albi, normales; tubus 13-14 mm. longus, parte superiore dila- tata quam pars inferior cylindrica vix v. paulo breviore; lobi oblique obovato-ob- longi, circiter 10 mm. longi et apice 5 mm. lati, in fauce puberuli; stamina in- clusa gynaeceaque normalia; discus plus minusve 5-lobatus, ovario brevior. Folli- culi subparalleli v. angulo satis acuto divergentes ut videtur versus apicem conver- gentes, sed ima apice subito paulo recurvati, 20-41 cm. longi, 4-8 mm. lati, valvis satis tenuibus; semina normalia, circiter 2.8 cm. longa, comis ad 4 cm. longis apice instructa. ; CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, forests, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 11949, type; large climber, white flowers); same locality, forests to southeast, A: Henry (No. 12800; fruiting co-type). SS A well-marked species, related to the last as indicated above. Subgen. 2. AXILLANTHUS K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. IV. Abt. 2, 173 (pro sectione) (1895). Trachelospermum, sect. (vel genus nov.) Pycnanthes Bentham & Hooker, Gen. II. 720 (1876), in textu, ut videtur tantum pro parte. Bentham & Hooker say that there are two species — one from Sikkim, the other from Khasia — with dense axillary subsessile inflorescences, and they propose the name Pycnanthes for a section of Trachelospermum or for a new genus. The Sikkim species, first mentioned, I believe, is identical with T. axillare Hooker f., and there- fore one might accept the name Pycnanthes. With regard to the fruits they say: “ folliculi similes nisi rigidiores et magis divaricati.” This does not agree with what I haveseen. Theripe fruit on the specimens before me of T. azillare (Henry's Nos. 9854, 9854) may be described as follows: folliculi 13 em. longi, medio ad 1.8 cm. lati, fere paralleli, apicem versus angustati, paulo incurvi, ima apice co- haerentes (vide juniores in No. 9854>,) glabri, cinereo-fusci; valvae satis tenues, sed firmae, intus laeves, flavo-brunneae. Semina lapidea, satis magna, oblonga v. obovato-oblonga, circiter 21 mm. longa, versus basim obtusum circiter 7 mm. lata, apice setifera circiter 2-3 mm. lata, circiter 0.5-1 mm. crassa, sed plus minusve irregulariter curvata et carinata, obscure purpurascentia, infra comam parte paulo flavescente instructa; comae densae, basi flavescentes, ad 5 cm. longae. 8. Trachelospermum axillare Hooker f. See p. 335. Subgen. 3. PSEUDAXILLANTHUS Schneider, n. subgen. Descriptio in clavi. The species referred to this new subgenus has the appearance of an Eutrachelo- spermum, while the structure of the flowers is the same as in Azillanthus. The sepals are comparatively long, and the ovary is hairy as in Lachnocarpus. The fruits are not yet known. 9. Trachelospermum Dunnii Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 31 (1912). Melodium Dunnii Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. IX. 453 (1911), secund. specim. originale. x CHINA. Kweichou: “environs de Kouy-yang, mont du Collége, Avril 1898,” J. Chaffanjon; ‘‘Pin-fa, bois de Si-Tchéou-Goi, Auguste-Septembre 1902, J. Cavalerie (Nos. 344, 558, ex Léveillé). By the kindness of Mgr. Léveillé this Arboretum has received a fragment of one of his type specimens. According to this specimen this species represents & very distinct new subgenus well distinguished by the characters given in the key on p. 337 and above. APOCYNACEAE. — TRACHELOSPERMUM 341 =-4 Subgen. 4. LACHNOCARPUS Schneider, n. subgen. Descriptio in clavi. As stated before by King & Gamble, the two species referred to this subgenus may be found to form a new genus,! but without having made a thorough study of all the genera of the subfamily Echitoideae I am afraid to propose one. The leaves and the shape of the flowers look very different from those of the other species of Trachelospermum, but the flat (possibly not yet fully ripe) follicles I have seen resemble to a certain degree those of the subgen. Azillanthus. See the description of T. auritum Schneider. ; 10. Trachelospermum Curtisii King & Gamble in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal, LX XIV. pt. 2, extra number, 499 (Mat. Fl. Mal. Penins. No. 19, 709) (1907). MALAYA. Penang: at Balick Pulan, C. Curtis (No. 838, type ex King & Gam- ble) Perak: King's Collector (No. 5194, co-type ex King & Gamble). King & Gamble mention the following species as a new unnamed one “ which approaches very near to this." According to their description T. Curtisii differs mainly in its longer fruits (from 8 to 9 in. long); the corolla-lobes are described as “ obliquely triangular-spathulate, dentate at apex," and the tube is apparently a little shorter than that of the following species, which has at least ten small scales at the base of the sepals or sometimes more (or the scales are deeply divided), while in T. Curtisii according to the author there are small subulate scales between the lobes, that is, only five. 11. Trachelospermum auritum Schneider, n. sp. Frutex scandens; ramuli hornotini rotundi, fistulosi, laxe (ad nodos densius) subhirtello-villosi, sordide rubro-brunnescentes. Folia membranacea, late elliptica v. paulo obovata, basi aurito-cordata, apice valde subito in acumen angustum cau- datum contracta, margine integra, strigoso-ciliata, 8-15 em. longa (apice 8-15 mm. longo incluso), 4-10 em. lata, supra intense viridia, in costa nervisque tenuiter im- pressis v. etiam in facie pilis strigosis satis longis sparse pilosa, interdum subscabra, subtus paulo (in sicco) discoloria, similiter sed brevius pilosa, costanervisque laterali- bus utrinque circiter 10 angulo 50-80? ab illa divergentibus, distincte transversaliter reticulata; petioli breves, supra suleati, dense strigosi, 0.6-1 cm. longi; glandulae Inter- et intrapetiolares, pilis strigosis occultae, purpureae. Inflorescentiae pro Eenere normales, terminales, sessiles, modo ramulorum strigoso-pilosae, pedun- s primariis tribus 2-3 cm. longis; bracteae lanceolatae, satis breves, pilosae; pedicelli 4-8 mm. longi, bracteolis parvis suffulti; segmenta calycis lineari-lanceo- ata, 22-95 libera, 3-4 mm. longa, apice patula, extus plus minusve pilosa, ciliata, intus basi squamulis ut videtur 10 v. pluribus satis parvis oblongis instructa; flores albi, hypocraterimorphi; tubus circiter 15 mm. longus, ima basi éonstrictus, infra medium ad insertionem staminum dilatatus, circiter 2mm. crassus, a medio ad apicem angustatus, extus lineis 5 pilosis (in alabastro multo distinctius) praeditus, ceterum sparse tenuiter pilosus, intus ab apice staminum ad fauces sparse v. vix pilosus, ceterum glaber; lobi sinistrorsum convoluti, oblongo-spathulati, tubo subaequilongi, apice leviter emarginati et 8-9 mm. lati, in alabastro extus pilosuli; Stamina pro genere normalia; gynaeceum fere typicum; ovarium apice villosulum, disco 5-lobato fere aequilongo cinctum; stylus gracilis, stigmate conico oblongo apice ' The authors say that in the Kew Herbarium T. Curtisii was placed with ha G. Don, and that in some respects it comes nearest to Epigynum Wight. The type of Chonemorpha (Ch. macrophylla G. Don) is widely different in the structure of the flowers, while that of Epigynum (E. Grifithianum Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. IV. 4, t. 1308 [1850]), which I know only from Wight's plate, in the structure of the flowers seems less different, but I have been unable to find a good description of the fruits of this genus. 342 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA apiculato paulo longior. Fructus pro genere normalis; folliculae angulo recto diver- gentes, ad 16 cm. longae et 1.4 cm. latae, apicem versus paulo angustatae imo apice breviter recurvatae, modo ramulorum pilosae, cinereo-purpurascentes; valvae satis crassae, intus flavae; semina (an satis matura?) ad 20 mm. longa et versus apicem 4 mm. lata, basi breviter acutata, apice paulo v. vix angustata, coma ad 3-3.5 em. longa densa detersili coronata, valde compressa, dura, purpureo-brunnea. CHINA. Yunnan: Szemao, mountains to south, alt. 1300 m., A. Henry (No. 12136, type; large climber, flowers white); same locality, A. Henry (No. 12852; früiting, co-type). According to King & Gamble there are specimens in the Kew Herbarium from the Khasia Hills, Hooker f. & Thomson, and from Manipur, G. Watt (No. 7272) which are identical with Henry's No. 12136. See my remarks under the subgen. Lachnocarpus and T. Curtisii King & Gamble. SINDECHITES Oliv. Sindechites Henryi Oliver in Hookers Icon. XVIII. t. 1772 (1888). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 100 (1889). Western Hupeh: Fang Hsien, thickets, alt. 900-1300 m., June 1910 (No. 4562; climber 1.5-3 m., flowers yellow); Ichang, A. Henry (No. 3636, type). A very interesting plant of which the fruits are not yet known. In Wilson's specimen and in the co-type before me the anthers have longer spurs than appear on Oliver's plate. Here may be added notes on two genera not collected during the Arnold Arbore- tum Expeditions. VALLARIS Burm. Vallaris grandiflora Hemsley & Wilson in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1906, 162. Western Szech'uan: Tung River valley, alt. 700 m., June 1904 (Veitch Exped. No. 4158, type; flowers pale yellow). A very distinct large-flowered species which apparently represents a separate section of the genus. ECDYSANTHERA Hook. & Arn. Ecdysanthera rosea Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. Beechey, 198, t. 42 (1836).— A. De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 442 (1844). — Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 222 (1861).— Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 98 (1889). — Matsumura & Hayata in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXII. 251 (Enum. Pl. Formos.) (1906). — Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. X. 169 (Fl. Kwangtung & Hongk.) (1912). CHINA. EasternSzech'uan: Min River valley, June 1903 (Veitch Exped. No. 4092; climber, flowers red). Fokien: Dunn's Exped., April to June 1905 (Hongk. Herb. No. 2914). Formosa: Bankinsing, A. Henry (Nos. 388, 838). eu C. Ford. Hongkong: May 20, 1899, E. Faber (ex Herb. Hongk. No. According to the authors the type was collected at Canton and in Macao and on the adjacent islands. e ASCLEPIADACEAE. Determined by CAMILLO SCHNEIDER. PERIPLOCA L. Periploca calophylla Falconer in Proc. Linn. Soc. I. 115 (1842); in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. VIII. 449 (1842). — Decaisne in De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 498 (1844). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. IV. 12 (1883). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 101 (1889). — Diels and Schlech- ter in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 541 (1900). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 43 (1914); Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan, 14 (1915). Streptocaulon calophyllum Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 65 (1834); Ill. Ind. Bot. Il. 230, t. 182, fig. 1 (1850). Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, common, alt. 3-600 m., July 5, 1907 (No. 1942; climber 1.5-3 m. tall, flowers white with pink strips down petals); same locality, A. Henry (No. 3419); Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 600 m., May and October 1907 (No. 1942*); without exact locality, A. Henry (No. 4119). Yunnan: Mengtsze, woods, alt. 1800 m., A. Henry (No. 11311; climber on trees, greenish flowers). T INDIA. Assam: without precise locality, Dr. King’s Collector. ; I have been able to see a specimen of Herb. Falconer distributed from Kew in 1869. The flowers of this specimen agree fully with those of Wilson's. Wight's figure shows a flower with glabrous corolla-lobes which are always hairy within in the specimens before me, with the exception of those of a specimen in Herb. Gray. from Sikkim “ Regio temp. alt. 6000 ped.,” J. D. Hooker. Forrest has collected a species with glabrous corolla-segments near Yunnan-fu, and it was described by Schlechter (in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, VIIL. 15 [Pl. Chin. Forrest.] [1913], as P. Forrestii, which I know only from the description. Periploca sepium Bunge in Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, Il. 117 (Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 43) (1835). — Decaisne in De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 498 (1844). — Hance in Jour. Linn. Soc. XIII. 134 (1875). — Maximowiez in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXIII. 352 (1877); in Mél. Biol. IX. 774 (1877). — Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 101 (1889). — Schlechter & Diels in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 541 (1900). — Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 43 (1914). 343 344 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Szech’uan: Mao-chou, arid rocky places, alt. 1300-1900 m., May 24 and October 1908 (No. 2251; semiscandent bush 0.25-1.5 m. tall, flowers greenish-yellow with chocolate markings). North- ern Shensi: “ Lao-y-san,” June 4, 1897, G. Giraldi. Chili: Pagoda Hill near summer palace near Peking, 1903, C. S. Sargent; hills near Nankow, October 5, 1905, J. G. Jack. This species is in cultivation in the Arnold Arboretum, from seeds collected by Jack in 1905 and by Purdom. HOLOSTEMMA R. Br. Holostemma sinense Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 103 (1889). Ad descriptionem addenda: Frutex scandens ad 2.5 m. altus. Folia late ovata v. ovato-oblonga, basi profunde cordata, apice sensim acuta et abrupte breviterque acuminata, 5-10 em. longa et 2.5-5.5 v. 8 cm. lata, superne intense viridia, praesertim ad costam pilosula, ceterum fere glabra, subtus cinerascentia, sub microscopio dense tenuissime papillosa, ad costam sparsissime pilosa, ceterum glabra; petioli 2-5.5 cm. longi. Cymae racemoso-paniculatae, breviter pilosae, ad 5 cm. longae et 3 cm. crassae, 6-20-florae, pedunculis 2-5 cm. longis nudis suffultae. Flores ad 12 mm. diametientes, albi; pedicelli puberuli cir- citer 5 mm. longi, basi bracteis parvis lanceolatis pilosis instructi; calycis segmenta fere ad basim libera, lanceolata, acuta, extus sparse pilosa, margine ciliata, circiter 2.5 mm. longa; corollae lobi late ob- longi, obtusi, circiter 5 mm. longi, glabri; corona brevis, 5-lobulata, infra antheras affixa, lobis ut videtur patentibus obtusiusculis; anthera- rum membrana ovato-triangularis; stigma ultra caput planum 5-lobum subito breviter filamentose productum imo apice paulo bifidum; pol- linia oblongo-elliptiea, paulo eurvata, pendula, translatoribus brevibus versus pollinia dilatatis, retinaculo oblongo ad insertionem translatorum angustato polliniis vix duplo breviore. Folliculi oblongi, laxe puberuli, ut videtur valde divaricati (angulo 180??), basi subito paulo contracti, a medio ad apicem sensim attenuati, circiter 7 cm. longi et 1.8 cm. infra medium crassi, in dorso paulo rugoso-angulati; semina late oblonga, circiter 6 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata, margine subalata et basi denticulata, apice coma sericea iis cireiter 4-plo longiore instructa, rubro-brunnea. Western Hupeh: north and south of Ichang, thickets, abun- dant, alt. 300-900 m., August 1907 (No. 648; climber 1.25-2.5 m., flowers white); same locality, November 1907 (No. 648*; with fruits); same locality, A. Henry (No. 2755, co-type; and No. 3992, — ASCLEPIADACEAE. — CYNANCHUM | 845 type ex Hemsley); Hsing-shan-Hsien, thickets, alt. 600-900 m., Sep- tember 1907 (No. 2250; climber 1.2-1.8 m., flowers white). In Henry's No. 2755 in the Gray Herbarium the inflorescences are very few flow- ered; otherwise there is no difference between this co-type and Wilson's specimens. I doubt if our plant belongs to Holostemma at all, the type of the genus being H. annularis K. Schumann (in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV. Abt. 2, 250, fig. 71 s-K [1895]. — Asclepias annularia Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. ed. 2, II. 37 [1832]). Roxburgh mentions as synonym “‘Ada-kodien Rheed. mal. 9, t. 7," which is also cited by R. Brown in describing his new genus. There is a plate in Wight, Icon. Ind. Orient. II. t. 597, under the name of Holostemma Rheedii Sprengel. CYNANCHUM L. Cynanchum decipiens Schneider, n. sp. Suffrutex scandens ad 1.2-1.8 m. altus; ramuli teretes, flavo- brunnescentes, unifariam puberuli, ceterum fere glabri, remote foliati. Folia membranacea, ovato-lanceolata, basi subauriculato-cordata, apicem versus sensim angustata, acuminatissima, utrinque sparse puberula, subtus paulo pallidiora, majora 5-8 cm. longa, ad basim 2-4 cm. lata; petioli ad 2 cm. longi, superne sulcati, laxe puberuli, ad basim folioli glandulosi. Cymae umbelliformes, ad 25-florae, pedunculo puberulo 4-9.5 cm. longo suffultae; flores purpurascentes, aperti, circiter 7 mm. diametientes; pedicelli filiformes, plus minusve unifariam puberuli, basi bracteis parvis lineari-lanceolatis acutis puberulis in- structi, ad 18 mm. longi; calycis segmenta fere libera, lanceolata, acuta, intus glabra, extus sparse pilosa, margine ciliata, circiter 2 mm. longa, intus basi inter se squamulis circiter 3 (toti circiter 15) minimis instructa; corolla subrotata; lobi patentes (v. reflexi?), oblongi, sub- acuti, circiter 4 mm. longi, extus glabri, intus margine excepto albo-puberuli; corona gynostegio brevior, basin appendicis antherarum attingens, lobis 5 obtusis distinctioribus intus appendice ligulato-trian- gulato iis simili et paulo breviore medio ornatis, inter lobos iterum brevius lobulato-plicata; antherae rhomboideae; subquadratae, mar- ginibus cartilagineis, apice appendice hyalino albo subacuto in caput stigmatis paulo incurvo coronatae; pollinia pendentia, retinaculo paulo longiora, translatoribus versus pollinia dilatatis; stigma basi 5-angu- lum, convexum, obscure bilobum. Folliculi singuli (an semper?), oblongi, basi brevius et apicem versus longe attenuati, subglabri, ad 11 cm. longi et versus medium 1.2 cm. crassi, olivacei, purpuras- centi-striati; semina oblongo-spathulata, basi dilatata, rotundata, den- ticulata, versus apicem angustata, apice coma sericea fere 4-plo longiore coronata, circiter 7 mm. longa, plano-compressa. 346 WILSON EXPEDITION TO CHINA Western Szech’uan: Wén-chuan Hsien, dry and rocky valleys, alt. 1300-2300 m., June and November 1908 (No. 1239, type; climber 1.2-1.8 m., flowers purple; with flowers and ripe fruits). According to the description and figures given by Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, XXIII. 372 (1877), this species seems to be closely related to C. acutum Linnaeus, var. longifolium Ledebour, of which I have not been able to see good material. It also resembles the Chinese species of the sect. Endotropis, but these have a different corona, which in our species looks somewhat like that represented in Maximowicz's fig. 10. Cynanchum ($ Endotropis) auriculatum Royle in herb. apud Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 58 (1834). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. IV. 25 (1883).— Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. XXVI. 105 (1889). — Diels & Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. XXIX. 541 (1900). Endotropis auriculata Decaisne in De Candolle, Prodr. VIII. 546 (1844). Western Hupeh: Changyang Hsien, thickets, alt. 650-900 m., August 1907 (No. 2249; climber 3 m. tall, flowers white); Ichang, A. Henry (No. 2481); without precise locality, A. Henry (Nos. 2196, 4271, 6546). Kiangsi: Kuling, common, alt. 1100 m., July 30, 1907 (No. 1533; climber 1.8 m. tall, perianth green, corona waxy-white). In the plant from Kuling the flowers are a little smaller than in the other specimens. Cynanchum ($ Endotropis) amphibolum Schneider, n. sp. Suffrutex seandens ad 3 m. altus; ramuli teretes, unifariam puberuli. Folia ovato-lanceolata, basi aurieulato-cordata, apicem versus satis sensim acuminata, fere caudata, utrinque sparse puberula v. sub- glabra, subtus pallidiora, 5-10 em. longa et 3-5.5 cm. lata, ad in- sertionem petioli superne glandulosa; petioli 2-6 cm. longi, superne sulcati et sparse pilosi. Cymae 10-20-florae, umbelliformes, pedunculis 2.5-4.5 em. longisut pedicelli ad 2 cm. longi filiformesunifariam pilosulis suffulti. Flores purpurascentes, aperti ad 0.8—1 em. diametientes; caly- cis segmenta ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, margine ciliolata, 2-2.5 mm. longa; corolla subrotata; lobi oblongi, subacuti, 3.5-4.5 mm. longi, intus puberuli, plerique reflexi; corona gynostegio aequilonga, corollae lobis eireiter duplo brevior, laciniis oblongis obtusis intus medio ap- pendice ligulato-triangulari foliolum aequante instructis extus versus basim ut in C. auriculato Royle constructis; antherae rhomboideo- subquadratae, marginibus cartilagineis, apice appendice albo hyalino subobtuso in eaput stigmatis planum 5-lobatum medio bilobulatum ineurvo praeditae; pollinia retinaculo oblongo-rhomboideo satis magno M SK de Sdn i Fen peste ar re" etr diae toe ee a co? g 14824 OR PERO Ke SR , Wm EN ee EE