MUSCI AND HEPATICZ UNITED STATES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. GRAY’S MANUAL OF BOTANY, . WILLIAM S. SULLIVANT. WITH EIGHT COPPER-PLATES, ILLUSTRATING THE GENERA. os J ia ia if WW. 7() ~ = NEW YORK: GEORGE P. PUTNAM & CO. 1856. wv GEORGE P. PUTNAM & CO., - in the Clerk's Ofice of the District, Court of the Southern Distriet of New York. Tux following pages are designed to contain brief de- scriptions of all the Musct and Hepaticz hitherto detected in that portion of the United States lying east of the Mississippi River. A few species found elsewhere, either new, or having a geographical range heretofore unnoticed, or for some other special reason, have also been described ; namely, those from Texas and New Mexico, and also” several from near our northern boundary, and likely to occur within it. The territory within the limits adopted — extending, as it does, from 25° to 47° North ‘Latitude, and traversed for nearly its entire length by mountain ranges, reaching, at several points in their northern and southern terminations, an alpine elevation — presents conditions favorable to a copious and varied muscological vegetation. And if the number of species here recorded is not so large as that found in an equal area similarly situated on the Eastern Continent, it must be borne in mind that our Bryolog and Hepaticology (particularly the latter) have thus far been very imperfectly investigated. Scarcely any portion of our country, excepting Central Ohio, has been carefully examined. The mountain ranges have only been cursorily visited by a few interested in these branches of Botany. In the northern section, notwithstanding numerous dis- coveries made by the late Mr. Oaxes, and the more re- cent ones (among them a Dichelyma, a Tetrodontium, and iv an Airichum) by Tuomas P. Jamzs, Esq., there will doubt- less yet be detected many other well-known European species, not a few of which have already been collected in British America by Drummonp. The southern section has been even less carefully ex- plored, and offers a promising field for future discoveries. Among the recent accessions to our Flora from this quar- ter are an Orthotrichum, a Fissidens, and several Bruchie and Fabronie, gathered by H. W. Ravens, Esq.; also some fine Sphagna, an Anomodon, a Fontinalis, and a Macromitrium, brought thence by our friend, the excellent bryologist, M. Leo Lesqurrevx. No portion of our territory has contributed so little to our Bryology and Hepaticology as the Florida peninsula, which in this respect still remains almost a terra incog- ita: its only known species, Pilotrichum cymbifolium, like Meteorium pendulum from Western Louisiana (whence novelties may also be expected), is thoroughly tropical in all its characters, and gives promise of new and interesting forms to reward future explorers. W..8& Be. Cotumsvs, Onto, July, 1856. MUSCI AND HEPATICA OF THE UND ed) ATATES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. Orper 139. MUSCI. (Mosszs.) w, tufted plants, always with a stem and distinct (sessile) leaves, pro- ree spore-cases which open by a terminal lid (except in Nos. 1-4), and contain simple spores alone. Reproductive organs of two kinds: 1. The sterile (male) flower, consisting of numerous (4-20) minute cylindrical sacs (antheridia) which discharge from their apex a mucous fluid filled with oval secbeiage ward om —- = The fertile flower composed of caste ous (4-20 7 , pistillidia), each h nous covering (calyptra), terminated by a long cylindrical funnel-mouthed tube (style). The ripened TG TE (seldom more than one in a flow- / er maturing) becomes the capsule, which is rarely indehiscent or splitting | by 4 longitudinal slits, but usually pie _ a lid (operculum) : beneath the operculum, and arising from the mouth of the capsule, are commonly 1 or 2 rows of rigid processes (collectively the peristome) which are always some multiple of four: those of the outer row are called teeth; those of the inner row, cilia, their intermediate smaller processes, ciliole. An elastic | ring of cells ihc lies between the rim of the capsule and operculum. | The powdery particles filling the capsule are spores or sporules. The thread-like stalk (pedicel) supporting the capsule is inserted into the elon- gated torus (vaginula) of the flower. The pedicel continued through the capsule forms the columella ; when enlarged uniformly under the capsule, it forms an apophysis ; when jeeabenasié on one side only, a struma. e calyptra separating early at its base is carried up on the apex of the cap- sule; if it splits on one side it is hood-shaped or cuculliform, if not, it is mitre-shaped or mitriform. Intermixed with the re reproductive organs are cellular jointed filaments (paraphyses). ‘The leaves surrounding the an- _theridia are called ecg leaves; those around the archegonium or pedicel, the pericheetial leaves ~ 608 (8) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Artificial Analysis of the Genera. I. ACROCARPI. Fruit terminal. A. Capsule without a deciduous operculum.. * Capsule dehiscing by ee ruptures. 8. ARCHIDIUM. Calyptra torn irregularly at the mi s BRUCHIA. Calyptra circumcissile at the base. per 9 ophysate. PHASCUM. Calyptra circumcissile at the base. Capsule not apophysate. * * Capsule dehiscing by 4 longitudinal slits. 2. ANDRZA. Capsule sessile on a pedicellate vaginula. ‘\. BB. Capsule dehiscing by a deciduous operculum. * Mouth of the capsule naked, + Capsule sessile on a pedicellate vaginula. 1. SPHAGNUM. cape irregularly torn, persistent. + Capsule on a proper pedicel : ke not pedicellate, Anth terminal. 55. PHYSCOMITRIUM. Calyptra mitrif« Antheridia terminal. tra conic, Anthe ; f ; Mouth of the capsule furnished with teeth. + Peristome single. ++ Teeth of the peristome 4. 26. TETRAPHIS. Calyptra mitriform. Plants with a conspicuous stem, -: TETRODONTIUM. Calyptra dimidiate-mitriform. Almost stemless lanta. ++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 16. Calyptra mitriform. a. Calyptra plicate. 35. PTYCHOMITRIUM. Teeth bigs bifid; their segments adherent. 88. COSCINODON. Teeth crib: . Calyptra not plicate. . GRIMMIA. Teeth entire, cribrose _ a + the apex. 36. SCHISTIDIUM. ‘Teeth as in No. 87. a. aihererns to the operculum. IUM. ‘Teeth filifor 2-3 ++ ++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 16. Calyptra cuculliform. 2-ranked. 17. tein Teeth cloyen half-way into two unequal segments. 24. EUSTI a Ce i eonenitihal: Teeth usually if cl thei ts equal Jb. Leaves sient weet way, ~ 1. Capsule cernuous- , unequal. . as in Fissidens. Leaves furnished with a costa. 16. LEUCOBR Teeth as in Fissi es destitute of a costa. i — deeply bifid. Capsule with a sh iN. ow. Capsule with a en and linear apophysis. a onennedeae ia united at the ~— Capsule rib 2. C: 1 ti dicel. equal. 13, CAMPYLOPUS. Teeth deeply bifid. Calyptra fringed at the base. 11. DICRANODONTIUM. Teeth deeply bifid. Calyptra not fringed at the base. MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (9) 609 ve 8. Capsule erect, oval or somewhat pyriform. 5 ISIA. T 10. ARCTOA. Teeth split half-way down. Ca ae, romerwhat turbinate, striated. te, e 4. ENTOSTHODON. Teeth ime hoekeontall Capsule gaia 4, rete rae or cylindri 21. DESMATODON. Teeth tani posh Operculum ning ngnted-one ot obtuse. 29. SYRRHOPODON, Teeth e horizon Opercul regeortint 58. TETRAPLODON. ‘Teeth in ren reflexed when cane ++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 32. Calyptra cuculliform, 15. mxicnoerontiie. Teeth more or less united in pairs, with a narrow heating membrane. IDYMODON. Teeth as in the aa but without any basilar 44. POGONATUM. Teeth as ‘a uid Calyptra densely hai ++ ++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 64. ‘aigiies cuculliform. 45, pouruntomoe. Teeth adherent as in No. 43. Calyptra densely hairy. + Peristome double ; its teeth 16. ++ Capsule ialaallad erect: inner peristome of 16 cilia. 83, MACROMITRIUM. ‘Teeth when dry erect. Calyptra campanulate, plicate. 28. ENCALYPTA. Teeth when dry erect, Calyptra campanulate, not plicate. 34. SCHLOTHEIMIA. Teeth when dry revolute. Calyptra campanulate, not plicate. 82. ORTHOTRICHUM. Teeth when dry reflexed. Calyptra cei plicate. 30. ZYGODON. Teeth wh “ee ae xed, Wide culliform. b iat er peristome a plaited co 41. BUXBAUMIA. Capsule eons ovate, aon myex, sissies, 42. DIPHYSCIUM. Capsule gibbous, ovate, not plano-convex, sessile. - = = inne pete poco e beg en tard 51. BARTRAMIA. Capsule glo ribbed when dry. - 47. ain ae = oe ribbed when dry. | = 49, MNIUM. er discoid. © -—~48. BRYUM. ¢ ted le fl emmift - 50. MEESIA. Capeale clongated-4 rt The outer ter petiitome the shortest. 63. FUNARIA. Capsule short-pyriform. Teeth oblique, united at the apex. ===> riers canine a pen ai cut into 64 cilia. 46. TIMMIA. Capsule g- Cilia united at their apex in fours. I. PLEUROCARPI. | Fruit lateral (with operand and rene) A. Calyptra cuculliform. — * Peristome single: teeth 16. i 67. CLASMATODON. Teeth irregular twice or thrice cannes Annulus large, im- 70. FABRONIA. Teeth regular, approximated in pairs. Annulus ne * * Peristome double: the outer of 16 teeth ; the inner of 16 cilia, with or without ciliole ; or . an irregular membrane, iene 69. MYURELLA. Cilia PON, eee OT poten? eens ene ' 66. LESKEA. ttl a ciliola none. Foliage dark-green. 610 (10) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 65. ANOMODON. Cilia from a narrow base. Foliage yellowish green. 68. THELIA. Cilia obsolete; a broad annular membrane present. Foliage glaucous-green. b. Leaves not papillose, complanate.. 76. NECKERA. Cilia from a narrow ced Leaves un : 75. CYLINDROTHECIOM, Cilia from a narrow base. Leaves smooth. 77. OMALIA. Cilia from a broad base : aaisilaroctaiait c. Leaves not complanate. ie te Es ee 62. LEUCODON. Pericheth very long. Calyptra smooth. 63. LEPTODON. hee mr very long. Calyptra hairy. 72. PYLAISMA. Perichzth short. rei smooth. 2474 4, Stn We Alls . ANAC ANPODON. Teeth of the peristome hie wh PLATYGYRIUM. Teeth of the peristome broadly m RI Q gE rg . A =] > th long. _ DICHELYMA. Perichxth long. Inner caeca as in a Foti ito. 59. a far enla ine]? _Sperancaredapeniteiteet — peristome a — oe to the tenth. Calyptra hairy. HYPNUM. inate cilia: cili- $8 S38FH ole present. Calyptea smooth. B. Calyptra mitriform. Peristome double ; its teeth 16. * Capsule immersed, erect. 59. FONTINALIS. Inner peristome of 16 cilia connected by cross-bars. 61, CRYPHAA. Inner peristome of 16 free and subulate cilia, * * Capsule exserted, horizontal. 78. HOOKERIA. Inner peristome of 16 carinate cilia: cilioles absent. Sunorprr I. SPHAGNACEZE. 1. SPHAGNUM, Dill. Pvar-Moss. (Tab. I. ) Calyptra irregularly ruptured in the middle. Operculum convex, depressed. ee a sessile on the pedicellate Hoag Peristome none. tn rescence m: dicecious : antheridia roundish, with a lon i sigs in the axils of the perigonial sais at the clavate extremities of short branches. —Large, soft, flaccid, and usually pale-colored plants, emacs it > concave, with a peculiar reticulation, composed of two kinds of cellules, one kind raislées large, sub-fi usiform, colorless, perforated, and lined with a fila- ment (fibrillose), except in No. 10; the other kind (ducts) much smaller, linear, chlorophyllose, running between the contiguous walls of the utricles and form- ing the angular-serpentine network. (Zdyvos, the ancient name.) Cross-sec- tions of the leaf (see Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. IV. p. 174. t. 4. B.), showing the form and relative seed of the utricles and ducts, are of service in deter- mining the species, as follows : * Ducts somewhat ie RII situated centrally between the angular-rotund utricles, i cialis whaceas dana’ de leaf. MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (11) 611 1S. ee Dill. Dicecious ; stems robust, 6/-18! long; a 4-6 in a fas tie nei obtuse ; stem-leaves spatulate, not bri ; branch- saad ad » ovate, and entire at the apex; ida i stomata in its wall. — a ibe mars 3; common. — A large species, dis- tinguished from its congeners by the sharp papille on the back of the leaf near the apex, and by the striae on the walls of the cortical utricles of the branches. (Tab. I.) (Eu. 2. mpactum, Brid. Diccious? stems erect, 2/-5! high, densely EP with one eine of siete —: branches 2- se in a fascicle, short, wde » erect; b rved-s ng, broadly mar- shied, truncate and toothed at thé apex ; utricles with smal 1 pores, those ‘at eel point of the narrowly acuminated perichextial leaves not fibrillose. — (S. stric- tum, Muse. Alleghan., No. 201.) — Springy places on high mountains, Southern States, psc Curtis, Buckley. (Eu.) . 8. contértum, Schultz. Somewhat stiff and dark-colored; stems 4'-6! ees ; branches attenuated, more or less canvas, branch-leayes rather eae ovate-lanceolate, of a firm texture ; utricles very narrow, with a ro mall pores on each side. — Cranberry ten, retin Ohio, Lesquereux. (in. ) 4. S Lesctirii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor-Amer., No. 6.) Aspect same as that of small forms of No. 1; ramification and mode of growth loose; branches 2-3 in a fascicle, distant; stem-leaves lingulate, obtuse, the utricles fibrillose ; branch-leaves es truncate ar rw at the apex, the ducts cunei- orm-ellip f the leaf; perichsetial leaves quite large, when flattened oval-ovate; capsule oblong-globose, blackish, much ex- serted. ae t sandy places among the mountains of iio Dismal , Lesquereux. Swamp, S. témnerum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Musc. Bor:-Amer., No. 11.) Stems 2'-3! high, cxspitose; branches crowded, deflexed; stem lanai lainves , Ovate- lanceolate, the illose ;_ branch-lea: imbri ; tricles ample, with a few large pores ; ducts nearly cuneiform-elliptic, approach- ing the concave surface of the leaf; perichz ovate-subulate, undulate on the convolute margins above, the utricles mostly not fibrillose; capsule scarcely emergent. — Margins of rivulets; Raccoon Mountains, Alabama, Les- quereux 6. S. hitmile, Schimper. Czspitose; stems 1/-2! high, with 3 layers of cortical utricles; branches crowded, spreading, 2-3 in a npn branch- leaves ovate-lanceolate, the upper half horizontal, truncate and dentate at i narrow. — margined ; utricles broad, with large pores. caaiaas Flor- Lesquereux. among the Lookout Mountains, 7. S cyelophytium, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 5.) Stems 2/—3/ long, k, turgid, flaccid, with only one layer of cortical utricles, mostly simple, ke with a few scattered branches, not in fascicles ; leaves pale enish-white, narrowly margined, somewhat constricted at base, closely imbri- 17.) New Orleans, Drummond: mountains of Alabama, Lesquereux. — (This 612 (12) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) and No. 8 may be sterile forms or incomplete states of two species yet unk They approach nearer to S. cymbifoliam than to any other species ; “ae bet leaves haye a closer ct il and are not papillose on the back near the apex, nor are the cortical utricles of the branches marked with strim, as they are in the last-named species.) oides, Brid. Form and ramification of the stem and cross- section of the leaf same as in the last, but a somewhat smaller plant, and not so flaccid ; — mostly of a dark vinous red, oval, entire at the apex, not mar- ed; whe absorbing moisture with difficulty; flowers and fruit not seen. pringy i on Table Rock, 8. Carolina, Gray, Lesquereux: Mt. fink York, Yorrey.— (In th ontgg ges locality occurs an ae variety, Cy uahaes: Ss. Pyle, Brid. — smaller in all its parts; branches somewhat numerous, short, mostly single, a with closely-imbricated leaves, much smaller than the distantly raced stm liter. — (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 4.) % % Ducts oval, situated centrally between the rotund utricles, and extending to both surfaces of the leaf. . S. squarrésum, Pers. Monccious ; stems 8’-12/ long, robust, ve branches deflexed, attenuated, 5 in a fascicle ; seeneailnn ovate-acumi- nate, squarrose; stem and _— leaves oblong, obtuse, not fibrillose.— Bogs, &c.; common in the Northern and Middle States, and westward. —A . macrophylium, Bervhardi. Stems slender, stiff, reddish, 4/- 6! te ; branches short, flat, flabelliform, 2-3 in a fascicle; branch-leaves sbos: subulate, straight, fouee dentate at the apex; utricles elongated, with large pores in a line along the centre, and remarkable for the absence of a ala fibre ; capsule oblong, cone by the perichsetial leaves. — ion near the sea-coast, New Jersey to Florida: also Raccoon Mts., Alabama, Lesquereux %* * * Ducts triangular, situated between cn rotund utricles next the concave A of the leaf. 11. 8S. acutifoliaum, Ehrh. Monecious; stems 5/-10/ long, gc ‘ ches. crowded, elongated, attenuated, mostly pendent ; stem-leaves late, obtmse,. not fibrillose ; branch-leayes ovate-lanceolate, to = a narrow 0 serge es capsule muc oye Teoaanl variable in : foliage often tinged with red.—§. rubellum, Wils. (common in Europe), soul resembling this, but a eee species, with alliptical leaves and dicecious cence, may be looked for within our limits. i 2. S. fimbriatum, Wils. Monccious; much like and formerly con- pane with No. 11, but a more delicate species, with fimbriated stem-leaves, and large, conspicuous, obovate, obtuse, and cucullate perichetial leaves. — British America, Drummond. (Eu u.) ulliy. Stems 2/-3! high, closely csespitose ; branches sporules golden-yellow.—(S. acutifolium, var.? Muse. Alleghan.) — MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (13) 613 Mountain, N. Carolina; near Mobile, Alabama. — A small species, with foliage mostly of a pale brownish or yellowish op resembling S. molluscum, but that has a cross-section of the leaf like No. 15 and 16. 14. S. mélle, Sulliv. Densely pete stems 2/—3! high, fragile, con- cealed by the crowded and short patent branches; branch-leaves oblong, ovate- EERE A oe pericheetial leaves orbicular-ovate. — Mountains N. Carolina, Gray: Tallulah Falls, Georgia, Lesquereux.— Has remarkably oA as ties * * * * Ducts triangular, situated b th l utricl rt th rfc 7 the leaf. 15. S. cuspidatum, mo Moneecious; stems 6/-10! toad sar ns of 4-5 deflexed branches distant; stem-leaves lanceolate-acuminate, recurved- patent, boa dry flattened and adhe on the margins (the best p pass mark of the species) ; Lapeer leaves broad-ovate, acute. — Var. RECURVUM, leaves cnn en dry much recurved. — Var. PLUMOSUM, growin: in penal more elongated and attenuated in all its parts. —Not uncommon; New England to Louisiana. Foliage pale green or yellowish-white. (Eu.) 16. : ‘Weareyklcks Sulliv. Stem stiff, a foot or more in len branches 4—5 in a fascicle, 12/’- 15!" long, 2!'-3" wide, flat, linear-lanceolate ; leaves elongated. -lanceolate, spreading, straight, broadly margined, erose-dentate @ apex ; unknown. — Ponds and ig oie - barrens of New Jersey, Torrey. — A large robust species : d, of a firm texture. Susorper I. ANDRZEACEX. 2. ANDRBZEA, Ebrh. (Tab. 1) Calyptra mitriform. Operculum none. Capsule oblong-oval, dehiscing by four longitudinal fissures, and sessile upon the pedicellate vaginula. Inflores- cence moncecious or. -digecious. -—— Small alpine or subalpine mosses, of a dark brownish or blackish color, growing on rocks; stems ssosatug, rigid, dichoto- t ve angular-rotund and small; below oblong and large. — (A perso ) . A. petréphila, Ehbrh. Monccious; stems 4/’-10! long, filiform, oes below ; srg ovate- and oblong-lanceolate, concave, spreading-incurved from an erect base, without a costa, papillose on the back, the point ra often with a Ss tae crenulate margin. (A. rupestris, Hedw.) —High m tains; a variable species. (Eu.) 2, A. rupéstris, Turner. Moncecious; leaves spreading or secund from an ovate base, linear-lanceolate, smooth, concave ; costa pene (A. Rothii, Web. § Mohr.) — White Mts., New Hampshire, Qube. (Tab. I.) (Eu.) 3. A. Crassinérvia, Bred: i eenenaions; hs the last, but - leaves are shining, faleate-secund, sul e large, sevete, anes coi; which fa pallies at the point. With Moca (u.) x 614 (14) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Sunorper Ill. BRYACE®R. Div. I. Acrocarpi. Fruit terminal on the main stem, or rarely terminal on short lateral branches Cc 4 Crk 7 Sanne = 1 1 Ae Veapsuie 1 $24 Ss Ly Trine I. PHASCEZ. 3. ARCHIDIUM, Brid. (Tab. L) Calyptra irregularly ruptured in the middle; the lower part persistent. Cap- sule globose, sessile on the short vaginula, immersed. Columella none. Spores large, few (8-15). ere moneecious : male flower naked or 2-leaved, — Minute terrestrial plants, of a structure more simple than any of the suborder, hence its name re *Apyidioy, a ak 1, A. Ohioénse, Schimp. Stems at first erect, 1/!-9! high, afterwards decumbent, and lengthened by fivobatia’ leaves lanceolate, rs eh by the excurrent costa, slightly denticulate above 5 he pericheetial much larger; capsule terminal on a short lateral branch. (A. phitiociden; Muse. Alleghan., No. 213.) — Meadows and waste fields, Central Ohio, and N. Alabama. (Tab. I.) 4. PHASCUM, L._ (Tab. 1) Calyptra campanulate or cuculliform. Capsule roundish, more or less. apicu- late, maa pedicellate, usually immersed. Columella present. Spores numer- ous, muric ate: inflorescence monecious. — Diminutive aa mostly annual, wing on the ground, either stemless and bulb-like, or with a short stem, sparingly divided; ra come or ewe (anon an ancient name for a moss.) — For conven fi tended the names of the genera, into whicha natural arrangement requires the species to be distributed, being used for sections. * Plants growing from a confervoid thallus. Columella Sugacious. § 1. EPHEMERUM, Hampe,: _ cone leaves of a loose rhomboidal areolation : calyptra « subsessile, apiculate : spores large: nile ji gumsiitrks, aor tae a ea) he As tea. 1. P. serratum, Schreb. Leaves apy or linear-lanceolate, ecostate, deeply serrate ; capsule purple, shining. — Moist ground; edge of woods. (Eu.) 2. BP. séssile, Br. & Sch. Leaves lanceolate-subulate, nearly entire ; costa excurrent, more or less obsolete near the base. — Clayey soil, in thin woods, Central Ohio. (Eu.) (the teeth often recurved. wwe d papillose or cristate on the back ; ge witichs larger :— probably E. spinulosum, Br. § Sch., mentioned in Wils. B ol. Brit., p- 27. MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (15) 615 « cohwrens, Hedw. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, strongly serrate; costa vanishing below the apex; capsule brownish-purple. — River-banks, Cen- tral Ohio. (Eu.) * * Plants without a confervoid thallus. Columella persistent. § 2. PHYSCOMITRELLA, Schimp.— Caulescent : leaves loosely pr oe" secon gesagt? om ons apiculate: antheridia naked, axilla ip (Closely allied to per henna ma among Fanariew.) 5. P. patems, Hedw. Leaves ecu copay oak serrate, costate nearly to the apex; capsule sometimes exserted. — Moist clayey soil, Central Ohio: rare. (Eu.) §3. ACAULON, Mull. — Stemless, bulb-like : leaves broad-ovate or , very concave, recurved at the apex, with a lax areolation: capsule. globose, — con- cealed by the 2 or 3 large subcucullate perichetial leaves : calyptra minute panulate : inflorescence as in § 1. 6. P. triquétrum, Spruce. Leaves 3- 3-ranked, carinate-concave, shortly cuspidate by the continuous excurrent costa, the aera ones 3 and larger; capsule horizontal, with a curved pedicel. — On dry so’ 7. P. miiticum, Schreb. Size of the last; ae not carinate, costate, the perichzetial ones 2; capsule erect; pedicel straight. — Moist 8. P. Schimperianum, Sulliv. (Musc. Bor.-Amer., No. 26.) Re- sembles the last two sgrien, bat nee ere leaves near the apex are papil- lose on both surfaces, ed margins, and mpaete by BSS ER i” NG YP ds their I ’ without any trace of a costa; capsule, pedicel, and calyptra as ‘in No. 7.— San Marcos, Texas, Wright. §4. PHASCUM Prorsr. — Stems simple, or once or twice divided by innovations : leaves costate ; areolation below large, loose, oblong, above minute, subquadrate, chlorophyllose : calyptra cuculliform: capsule globular, acuminate. — (Resembles the Pottiex. 9. P. pidatum, Schreb. Leaves elongated-lanceolate, cuspidate, more or “Ao papillose on the back near the apex; costa e port capsule immersed or exserted ; antheridia mostl: y naked in the axils of ichetial leaves. — Ola fields; not uncommon. (Tab.I.) (Eu.) §5. PLEUR{DIUM, Brid.— Stems erect or decumbent : es subulate, costate, with a loose and oblong hexagonal reticulation : suadnsshiapeneacapagaale conic: capsule globular or ovate; sometimes becoming lateral by innovations of the stem. 10. P. alternifolium, Brid. Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, the upper much longer, subulate from an oblong base; costa excurrent, with the point more or less serrulate ; capsule ovate, obtusely acuminate; calyptra iform ; male flower gemmiform, -— Old fields, &e.; common. —In American forms the base of the leaves is usually more closely areolated than in the Eu- 616 (16) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) ropean, and the point is more strongly serrulate : the capsule also i is inclined to an oval shape. (Eu.) 11. P. subulatum, Schreb. Very much like the last, but the base of the leaf not so suddenly dilated, more lanceolate, the point not so serrulate; ca- yptra smaller; the antheridia naked in the axils of the perichetial cane, _ Pennsylvania and Rhode Island: rare. (Eu.) 12. P. paliistre, Br. & Sch. Distinguished from the last two species mainly by its campanulate-conic calyptra 4—5-lobed at the base: inflorescence as in No. 11.— Sandy soil, New Jersey, James. Louisiana. (Eu.) 13. P. mervosum, Hook. Upper leaves more or less obovate-oblong, densely areolated above, serrate at the apex of the lamina, with a broad, long- excurrent costa; the lower leaves much smaller, he acuminate, closely appressed ; capsule ovate; pedicel short; calyptra cuculliform; male flower gemmiform at the base of the fertile stem. ig es Drummond. § 6. ASTOMUM, Hampe.— Stems simple or branched, perennial: leaves elon- gated, costate, the terminal much larger, with a loose, hyaline areolation below ; above minute, subquadrate, granulose: calyptra a capsule globose or more or less rostellate. — (Allied to the Weisiex. * Male flower gemmiform, i 14. P. crispum, Hedw. Stems divided above, cing several capsules on each branch ; leaves crisped when dry, shortly cuspidate b long base, the margins each —— pe Capeuls A apiculate, with a more or less ob .—It is American ; but specimens haptic from Texas ‘ast Tidtie appear to belong to it. (Eu. ) 15. P. Sullivantii, Schimp. Resembles the last, but has shorter stems, not so much branched ; capsule pre shining, bright orange-colored ; calyp- tra and spores smaller.— Very comm 16. P. nitidulum, Schimp. as No. 15, but a smaller species, with a shining, pale chestnut-colored, oval, mE rostellate capsule, its pedicel nla hen yptra scarcely descending obscure * * Male flower gemmiform, = ican 17. P. Ludovicianum, Sulliy. Larger than No. 3 leaves very much the same in every respect; capsule oblong-oval, Saal 3 rostellate, ally 2-3 in the same perichzeth, borne on a branch arising from below the m: flower. —(P. crispum, var. rostellatum, Schweegr.? Hook. § Wils. in Drum. a Coll., No. 10.) — New Orleans, Drummond. » 5. BRUCHIA, Schwegr. (Tab. L) Calyptra mitriform, lobed at the base. Capsule ae or ant rostellate, pedicellate : collum large. _ Columella present. merous, per yellow, muriculate. Inflorescence moneecious : male ees panes Pee ae a MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (17) 617 nal on a short branch. — Minute terrestrial perennials, with mostly simple stems and lanceolate-subulate, continuously costate leaves of'a loose oblong areolation at their base, elsewhere smaller, compact and roundish. (Named after Bruch, a distinguished bryologist.) 1. B. flexuosa, Schwegr. Stems flexuose-erect, simple; leaves distant, spreading from an oblong base, long-subulate, channelle y denticulaté at the nigricans: Whole plant longer; leaves shorter, appressed ; spores larger, dark brown.— New England to Florida, and westward; the var. > Raccoon Mountains, Alabama, Lesquereux, and Cleaveland; Ohio, Prof: Casse - Beyrichiana, Hampe. Has (according to Stoegan the leaves and pedicel of No. 1, but a much shorter stem, and the calyptra entirely covering the oblong capsule. — Maryland, near Baltimore, Beyrich. (Not since detected.) 3. B. brévipes, Hook. Stems short; leaves as in No. 1, but erect, over- tnnin the sccesgaire nares what pyriform sph se pedicel short; spores early twice as large as in the first species. — Louisiana, Drummond. 4. B. brevifo sia ae Size of No. 3; leaves much shorter, broader, erect, ae only to the ag of the Pe obovate-oblong ‘and short-pedi- celled capsule; spores as in No. 1.— (Bru Mic ope var. 2, Hook & Wils. in Drum. ai Oi No. 15 partly. ) Tox Dressed : South Carolina, Rave- nel: Texas, Wright. (Tab. B. Ravenélii, Wils. mss. Almost stemless ; leaves lanceolate-subu- late; costa excurrent and with a scabrous apex; capsule globose-pyriform, ob- 8-10-lobed at the base.— South Carolina, Ravenel.— (Very near the B. Hampeana, C. Mull.) B. STEGOCARPI. — Capsule dehiscing by a decid p Trinz I. WEISIEZ. 6. GYMNOSTOMUM, Hedw. (Tab. 1) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostrate. Capsule suboval, annu- late, a Sette none. ani rescence dicecious : Bs — a all, d caense. tate leaves oa a ine opaque, rather aden sreviston. (Name from yupvds, naked, and ordpza, a mouth ; no peris 1. G. curviréstrum, Hedw. Stems fastigiately branched ; capsule obovate, shining ; r operculum with a Ty oblique rostrum. — Frequent, in dense cushions, on wet limestone rocks. (Eu.) = G. rupéstre, tei her seen _ the last; capsule oval, and In similar situations with No. 1: opercu variable. (Tab. 1.) (Eu.) 52* 618 (18) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Y WEISIA, Hedw. (Tab. 1) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum rostrate. Capsule oval, annulate, exsert- ed. Peristome single, of 16 linear-lanceolate acer: ps entire or perfo- all rated, ‘gece medial line. Inflorescence mone r dicecious. — § species, growing on the ground ; stems more or less cil waaidieas leaves linear- seistiee” costate, of a dense and somewhat quadrate areolation. — (Named after /. W. Weis, a German cryptogamic botanist.) L, oe Pg gs gees B rid. Leaves very much involute on the margins, crisped when dry ; costa slightly excurrent.— Old fields, meadows, &c.: very common ate i eo I.) (Eu.) : 8S. BRHABDOWEISIA, Br.&Sch. (Tab. I.) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum with a long oblique rostrum. Capsule short-oval, 8-striated, annulate, exserted. Peristome single, of 16 subulate or lanceolate teeth, without a medial li Inflorescence moncecious: male flower terminal, gemmiform. — Size and ‘ome of the species very much as in the last genus, from which it is separated by the striated capsule (hence its name, from . paB80s, a stria, and Weisia) 1. B. fligax, Br. & Sch. Leaves linear-lanceolate, carinate, costate to the apex, nearly entire on the margins, crisped when dry, more or less papillose ; the areolation dense and quadrate above, larger, looser, and oblong below; teeth of the peristome subulate, fugacious.— White Mountains, New Hamps Oakes ; (q Tab. I.) (Eu) BR. denticulata, Br. & Sch. Very near the last, but rather larger; leaves linear- ‘ati, approaching to lingulate, coarsely serrate at the apex; areolation larger; teeth of the peristome Stiicoliades not fugacious. — Crevi of rocks, on high peaks of the Alleghany Mountains; not uncommon. (Eu.) Tre Il. SELIGERIER. 9 SELIGERIA, Br.& Sch. (Tab.1) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum large, na? rostrate. Capsule glo- iform, exannulate, exserted. me single; teeth 16, lanceolate, , terminal ery lnivescbsascihiala) with a stout excurrent costa; the sa dense, pei at © the base. (A personal name.) - 1. 8. tristicha, Br. & 8 Stems 2/-3! high, 3-ranked, obtuse at the apex.— (Weisia calcarea, Muse. Alleghan., No, 142.)— — Limestone rocks, in shaded ravines, Central Ohio. (Tab. I.) (En.) 2. S. recurvata, Br. & Sch. Resembles the last (and grows with it), somewhat larger ; leaves not 3-ranked, acute; capsule not so globose, pendu- lous on a longer curved pedicel, erect when dry. (Eu.) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (19) 619 Trinz IV. DICRANEZ. 10. ARCTOA, Br.&Sch. (Tab. L) Calyptra cuculliform, inflated. Operculum large, obliquely rostrate. ap- sule oval or somew at turbinate, ribbed when dry, erect or inclined, annulate, oie! anager ane a Aa pening: on site with long lanceolatoseta (Name from dpxtos, north; found only in 1 Northern latitudes. be 1. A. fulwéla, Br. & Sch. Leaves fulvous, with a strong continuous costa denticulate at the apex; perichetial leaves large, sheathing, overtopping the capsule. — White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes. (Tab.I.) (Eu.) Il, CAMPYLOPUWS, Brid. (Tab. 1) Calyptra cuculliform, fringed at the base. Operculum conic-rostrate. Cap- sule oval, regular or gibbous, annulate, ribbed when dry, on a poion pedicel. phere — teeth = — sanidecine, sens bifid; segments une terminal. — Stems densely ares dichot- omously branched; leaves rigid, ibuenananila: with a broad excurrent costa; areolation une; oblong or rhomboid at ¢he base, elsewhere much smaller and subquadrate. (Named from xapziXos, curved, and movs, a foot, in allusion to the curved pedicel.) (Tab. I.) . C. flexudsus, Brid. Stems 1/-2! high, radiculose ; leaves Nigga or tise capsules aggregated at the apex of the ste gib- bous.— Shaded rocks, Grandfather Mountain, N. Carolina. (Tab. I.) (En) “ee é6trichus, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 73.) Stems densely leaved above, claviform; leaves wea guses linear- Santsblate, with a long hyaline and denticulate hair-point ; costa very broad, strongly lamel- lose on the back. — On rocks, dry woods, Raccoon Mts., Alabama, Lesquereuz. Leanus, Sulliv. Stems fastigiately branched; the branches termi- nated by dense beads of minute oblong se set go abortive er leaves lanceolate-subulate, erect, rather secund, the costa nearly all the 1 — Ohio and Pennsylvania: not rare; on very much decayed stumps a lel Resembles the young growth of Dicranum flagellare 12, DICRANODONTIUM, Br.&Sch. (Tab. 1) Calyptra cuculliform, not fringed at the base. Operculum conic-subulate. Capsule elliptic-oblong, annulate, smooth, pendulous from an arcuate pedic Peristome single : teeth 16, linear-lan Are cloven to the base; their divisions a . Inflorescence dicecious : : , terminal. eminent oe pean from Sixpavos, forked, and atin els 620 (20) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 1. D. longiréstre, Br. & Sch. Stem 1/-3/ high, with innovations from near the apex; leaves fragile, more or less falcate-secund, subulate-sctaceous from a dilated base; costa broad, occupying all the upper portion of the leaf. — On rocks, Alleghany Mountains. (Tab.I.) (Eu.) 13. TREMATODON, Rich. Calyptra cuculliform, inflated. Operculum subulate-rostrate. Capsule oval- oblong, inclined, with a very long collum, annulate, ae Legere Peristome aos teeth 16, linear-lanceolate, perforated, or more or less cloven. Inflores- nce dicecious: male flower gemmiform. — Short-ste: ‘nists gregarious oe with long subulate-setaceous and rine rant ashi leaves. (Name fr por a perforation, and dev, a tooth.) (Tab. I.) Ongicdéllis, Rich. Capsule with a narrow linear collum of twice its i ing pedicel 1}’—2/ long, slender, flexuous, straw-colored. ee and ndy soil, New England to Florida, and Ohio, Cassels. (Tab. 14. DICRANUM, Hedw. (Tab. IL) Calyptra cuculliform. mh rculum conic, long-subulate-rostrate. Capsule oval, oblong or cylindrical ar or somewhat gibbous, erect or cernuous, lon ng-pedic ellate. Pbeistonis inate teeth 16, linear-lanceolate, cloven half-way i icecious : male flower gemmiform, terminal. — Perennial abe growing on the ground or on rocks; stems from a few lines to several inches in mar fastigiately branched and continued by innovations from near the apex; leayes most ly linear-lanceolate and lanceolate-subulate, continudusly itil often falcate- secund, with a minute, rt roundish areolation above. (Name from dixpavos, forked, alluding to the .) § 1. CYNODONTIUM, Br. & Sch. — Leaves more or I ess papillose, crenulate-ser- rate at the apex ; the areolation ve at the bei calyptra a capsule mostly strumose and erect 1. D. graciléscems, Web. & Mobr., var. tenellum, Bryol. Europ. Stems ~—e 4! tne high ; leaves linear-lanceolat, scarcely papillose, the mar- gins ab le exannulate, oval, not atrumiboes, nahaly aie White: Mts., New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu. 2. D. pol m, Ehrh. Stems 1/-9/ high; leaves linear-lanceo- late, variously curved, somewhat papillose on both surfaces, denticulate at the x and at the base; tee oval-oblong, erect, — or peas osann oe Hedw., var. baleen nbergii, Bryol. Europ. More ro- oblong, incurved, cernuous, prominently strumose, annulate. — Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Eu.) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (21) 621 § 2. DICRANELLA, Schimp. — Small species : leaves smooth, more or less serr at the apex; the areolation uniform at the base: calyptra not inflated: ke mostly cernuous, eee trumose: diccious. 4, cerviculatum, Hedw. Densely cexspitose, Ree a stems short, 4!/'"-6" high; leaves lanenphasir initia errate at apex, some- what secund, with a etl costa; capsule gibbous, short, sibiiatin, narrowly annulate, strumose. — Bogs, New Jersey, Torrey. (Eu.) varium, Hedw. Stems 4”—5! high; leaves lanceolate-attenuated, eit uit at the apex, prea costa slightly excurrent; capsule oval or o long, more or less oblique and incurved, exannulate ; operculum large, shortly rostrate. — Clay-banks, in fie spas: very common: variable. (Eu.) D. débile, Hooker wih sere ponent small forms of No. 5; stems 2/!—3" hich, mostly simple, leaves erect ; the lower short, pant rather obtuse ; the upper heeron renin ver and with entire reflexed margins, costate to wth apex; capsule oval, erect; operculum with a small conic base, and ai subulate er RE as long as the capsule ; peristome small: teeth 2- sian ere “way, below red, strigillose, the segments scabrous; annulus very large, AC , triple ; aie rather large ; pedicel yellow. — Clayey soil, Mobile, Alabam 7. D. vaisbiwus, Turner. Stem short, gregarious; leaves reddish, lax, inear-lanceolate, faleate-secund, the margins plane, obscurely denticulate ; areo- lation loose; capsule erect, oval or mies i obovate, Rayne operculum large, with a short rostrum. —Wet clay-banks, Pennsylvania, Lesqu — Re- sembles No. 5. oid 8. D. subulatum, Hedw. Loosely aera stems 5!-10! high; leaves secund, saahieaie sa teasinds long-subulate from a eolate base, entire ; ta predominant; capsule ovate, gibbous, cernuous, ae when 3} annu- er rather large ; pedicel red. — White Mts., New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu 9. D. heterématllum, Hedw. Somewhat larger than the last; leaves secund, slightly falcate, lanceolate-setaceous ; costa heavy, vanishing at the sub- denticulate apex ; capsule cernuous or prt i erect, more or less obovate and gib- bous, obliquely plicate when dry; pedicel pale yellow. — Var. ortHocARPUM has an erect cylindrical capsule. ee ground; very common. (Eu. §3. DICRANUM Prorerr. — Mostly large species: stems often densely tomentose oa their whole a with radicular eben leaves with enlarged yellowish and di- hanous cellules at their basal angles: capsul erect. * Monecious: leaves loi: capsule cernuous. 10. D. Blyttii, Bryol. Europ. Czspitose; branches fragile ; leaves wits dull-green, flexuose, Ao secund, crisped when dry, the costa slightly excur- cont; —_— oval, when dry strumose; annulus simple.— Alpine and su ine ite Mo untains of New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu.) ll. D. Starkii, Web. & Mohr. Stems 1/-3’ long, decumbent at the when dry, the costa shortly excurrent; capsule oblong, gibbous, strumose, stri- ated ; annulus double. — With the last. (Eu.) 622 (22) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) * * Diccious: stems tomentose: capsule erect, regular. 2. D. montanum, Hedw. Compactly cespitose; leaves bright-green, oe patent, rather secund, crisped when dry, lanceolate-subulate, serrate on the margin, and papillose on the back at the apex; costa strong, percurrent ; cap- sule oblong, sulcate when dry; annulus double. — On trunks of trees, Goat Isl- and, Niagara Falls, Lesquereua. iu. 13. D. flagellare, Hedw. Near the last species, but distinct by its nu merous fragile and short erect flagellx, furnished with minute appressed lanceo- late ecostate leaves ; cot pero more falcate-secund ; the cap- sule longer and narrower. — On yed logs in woods ; common. 4. D. a Br. ‘a Sch. Stems 1/-2! high; lea toe are falcate, or spreading every way, flexuous, te sais nt from, lanceolate base; costa broad, predominant, denticulate at the apex; are indrical, annulate, dark brown. — On rocks in mountain districts. — harsh, dark-green species, somewhat larger than No. 12 and 13. (Eu.) 15. D. lon ma, Hedw. Loosely cespitose, pale-green; stems elongated, slender, sceaawlonsiling: leaves circinate-secund, very long, fili- y attenuated, with a remarkably broad costa, denticulate on the margins and the back at the apex; capsule elliptic-cylindrical.— Shaded rocks, Alle- ghany Mountains. (Enu.) * & * — stems tomentose: capsule incurved-cernuous. 16. D. scoparium, L. Loosely cxspitose; stems 2'-4!/ high; leaves cari A ( narrower leaves, with a looser areolation, the lower areolx not sinuous, the costa ie only near r the point; pedicel pale yellow. — Alleghany Mountains ; aril n districts not mountainous, and very common. (Tab. iL) (Eu -) 17. elongatum, Schwegr. Compactly cxspitose ;. stems pire 4/—5! Sie leaves lanceolate-subulate, entire, erect-patent; capsule gi ovate, striate, annulate. — High peaks of the Alleghany Mountains: ae cae of rior, Agassi: ) 18. D. congéstum, Brid. Loosely exspitose; leaves spreading, sub- costa strong, excurrent; capsule oval-oblong, much incurved, striated. — rocks, in mountainous districts; common. (Eu.) 19. D. paliistre, Brid. Stems 3/-4! high; leaves spreading, linear- lanceolate, undulated, serrate on the margin and also the back at the apex; costa slender and yanishing below the = capsule oval-oblong, poem fs in- Les- curved, striated; annulus none.—In cranberry marshes, Northern quereux. (Eu.) 20. D. Schraderi, Web. & Mohr. Densely tufted; stems 3’-5! long; leaves crowded, erect-patent, oblong-lanceolate, ae obtuse, undulatéd, the If serrated on the margins and papillose on the back; costa ceasing ec ee MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (23) 623 below the apex; capsule incurved-oblong, annulate. — Bogs, in mountainous districts. (Eu.) D. sptirium, Hedw. Stems usually short, thick and condensed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, undulate , Serrate; costa serrated on the incurved; when dry strongly ribbed.— (D. pallidum, Bryol. Europ. ?)—D.: sandy soil, Ohio, and Southern States. (Eu.) 22. D. undulatum, Turner. Loosely cxspitose; stems 4/-6! long, robust ; leaves widely spreading, the upper ones falcate-s ecund, linear-lanceo- and the back near the apex; costa slender; cap cylindrical, strongly arcu- ate, on long eae 2 to 5 from the same pericheth.— On the e ground, in dry woods ; common. (Enu.) 23. D. retinas mdii, Mull. — Very like No. 22, but distinguished by its longer and narrower mi not so sharply serrate, papillose only on the back, and cirrhose-crisped when dry. — White Mountains of New Hampshire. Oakes: Lake Superior, pies 15. CERATODON, Brid. (Tab. L) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, se ate. Capsule cylindrical, subcernuous, annulate, long-pedicellate. Peristome single: teeth 16, linear- lanceolate, cloven nearl the base into ual segments; their articula- tions pro: Inflorescence dicecious, termin wer ge male fl rm Densely cxespitose plants, with fastigiate ramification ; leaves lanceolate or lance- olate-subulate, costate ; the areolx above dense, roundish and d small, below larger and diaphanous. (Name from xépas, a horn, and ddéyv, a wet the teeth of the peristome being nodulose like a goat’s horn.) i: Gs purpttreus, Bri 2 bl J late, carinate, the margins recurved ; costa excurrent; capsule purplish-red, s shining, iBbea and stramose when nae — Very common everywhere: on the ground. (Tab. I. ) (Eu) Trine V. LEUCOBRYESR. 16. LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe. (Tab. IL.) Calyptra orm. Operculum with a long-subulate rostrum. Capsule iibincenttiid, ames a3 -pedicellate. Peristome as in Dicranum. In- flores scence moneeci : male. flower terminal. — White or pale-glaucous mosses, growing in dense compat masses ; stems dichotomously Lamhe leayes lan- ceolate-subulate, tate, somnjioned of two or more layers of it pellucid, empty, sbitigicas tite, perforated cellules, with minute 3-4-sided intercel- - lular chlorophyllose passages. (Name composed of Aev«ds, white, ‘an Bpitov, Ese ates ts pallid color.) - L. glaticum, Hampe. Stems 3/-6! high; leaves fragile, crowded, oahelle above; capsule reddish-brown, ribbed when dry.— (Dicranum glau- cum, Hedw.) — Maint denies St ane te moist ground, margins of swamps, 624 (24) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) c.; common: ope its fruit (which is scarce) in October and November. (tab IL.) (Eu 2. L. ae Hampe. Besides numerous discrepancies, singly of not uch importance, this species differs from the last in its much smaller size, its preference for dry localities, and the time (May and June) of ripening its fruit. —On the ground, dry woods; not rare. (Eu.) Tre VI. FISSIDENTES. a7. FISSIDENS, Hedw. (Tab. I.) alyptra cuculliform, or conic-mitriform. Capsule oval or oblong, erect or oo Boge — long pdicllat. Operculam conic-rostrate. eeth 1 Di otherwise as in Dicranum. Inflorescence various aaa like plants; the leaves exactly two-ranked, ins equitant blade, which forms the principal portion of the leaf; areolation minute, hexagonal-rotund. (Name from the Latin a split, and dens, a tooth.) %* Fruit termina + hyalinus, Hook. & Wils. se 1-2! high, erect, simple ; bexwde oblong-lanceolate, acute, without any costa; areolation large and hya- e; capsule erect, oval; calyptra conic, entire at “the ase. — Damp earth, in shady woods, near Chidinadt, Ohio: found only by the late 7. G. Lea - obt Olius, Wils. Stems simple, 2-3” high; os oblong- oak very obtuse, costate nearly to the apex; nig oboyvate-oval ; operculum convex-conic, with a very short rostrum; spores large; calyptra cuculliform : cecious ; male ee terminal. — Wet and ae rocks, near rivulets; Cen- tral and Southern Ohi 3. exiguus, Sulliv. Size, inflorescence, and calyptra as in the last; leaves aie labenolibe, costa ceasing near the apex ; capsule oval, eericha: oblique ; operculum rather short-rostrate. —Damp rocks in shaded ravin es, &c. ; common 4. F. iin Sulliv. Size, inflorescence, and calyptra as in the ee preceding cere — linear-lanceolate, with a transparent wavy bor- it; capsule oval, erect; operculum rather costa. ee rostrate. — With the oe ‘ 5. F. bryoides, Hedw. Somewhat larger than the last three; capsule and operculum same as in No. 4; pitas oblong-lanceolate, with a thickened border; costa excurrent; cal: : moneecious ; male flowers nu- merous, axillary: — Moist and shaded poms (Eu.) 6. F. Ravenélii, Sulliv. Size, calyptra, and inflorescence as in No. na, Tigi capsule oe papillose. (Mem. Amer. Acad., n. ser., 4, p. 2.) — Damp ground, arolina, Ravenel, Curtis. 7. ay ieinianedlliactaa. Hedw. Stems erect, ar high, branched ; MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (25) 625 leaves oblong, obtuse, apiculate, the costa vanishing near the apex; capsule oval-oblong, erect or oblique; operculum a eaiga calyptra subulate = a mitriform lobed base ; desfeseeecanach ab in — On the roots of trees swamps. (Eu.) 8. F. subbasilaris, Hedw. Stems 5/’-10! high, densely cxspitose, taint pairs: leaves elongated-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, eroded-dentic- sule ulate at the summit, near which the costa vanishes; capsule erect, ein dang on a pedicel arising from near the base of the stem; =a m long-rostrate ; pesos cuculliform. — On decayed logs and trees, near a 9. F. taxifo olins, Hedw. Stems 5-8! high, branched and fasciculate from the vars leaves elongated-oblong, ver denticulate on the subpellu- cid margin, obtuse; costa shortly excurrent pi oblong or obovate, inclined or horizontal; operculum, calyptra, and ‘acai f the pedicel as in the last: moneecious ; male flower gemmiform at the are of the fertile stem. — Woods, in sandy soil. (Tab. I.) iu. 0. EF. adiantoides, Hedw. oa much branched, 1/-3! long; er oh serrulate, 2 or 3 rows of the marginal cellules transpare: costa rrent; capsule oval-oblong, inclined; pedicel from the middle of msi stem ; hee and calyptra as in No. 8; i inane’ as in No. 5.— Shaded oist places, on the ground, and on wet rocks. (Eu.) _ =F arora waive — sonicen a a ets leaves ovate- uanicune ong; costa capsule ne acme ieihi salialinnialeebiiie from a large rather ~eenar base ; pedicel short, ae arising from the upper part of the stem yptra cucullifo a, Lesquereux. 12. F. ecaiientiiins Brid. Stems erect, 2/-3! ress sparingly branched ; the costa ni on the perpendicular faces of rocks, moistened by the spray. (Enu.) 18. CONOMATRIUM, Montagne. (Tab. L) ee ig aoe si Seamed ae: at = gee i ase ene long. rostrate. nches. Peristome single: teeth 16, short, trancate, nine divided or padhalial Inflorescence monecious: male flower gem illary.— Slender and flexile plants, growing in water, with the habit of ‘Fontinalis, but the leaves con- structed as in Fissidens. (Composed of x@vos, a cone, and pirptov, a cap, or calyptra.) 1. C, Julitmum, Mont. Stems 2’-5! long, filiform, floating, much divided ; leaves distant, linear-lanceolate, acute, costate to the apex; capsule operculum, whose rostrum only is covered by the calyptra.— Ohio and south- vated sous in halo as, (Tab. I.) (Eu) 626 (26) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Trisz VI. TRICHOSTOMER. 19. TRICHOSTOMUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. L) tra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostrate. Capsule oval or cylindri- cal, mostly erect, long- oan gen Peristome fees teeth 32, linear, approxi- mate in pairs. florescence various.— Plants growing on the ground or on stones, of a rather rigid habit; stems simple or dichotomously divided ; leaves varying from lanceolate to lanceolate-subulate, costate to or beyond the apex ; areolation loose below, dense and roundish above. (Name from @pié, a hair, and srdpa, a mouth, in allusion to the capillary teeth of the peristome.) T. tértile, Schrad. Stems mostly simple, 3/!- 5! high; leaves lance- reared we sya oipcyreses reflexed on the eras i costa excur- US 5 shite. flower terminal. i: Road aides: clay-baiiks : Frequenit. (Tab. i) (Eu.) 2. 'T. témue, Hedw. Distinguished from small forms of the last, which it much ficient mainly by its large double annulus, firmer and brownish-red capsule, and the plane (not reflexed) margin of the leaf. — Pennsylvania, accord- in, ig. (Eu.) Sulliv. Stems vite 10” high, slender; stem-lea ial s oval-oblong ; double, very large, its width equal to half the le length of the teeth; pedicel slen- der, flexuous ; operculum elongated-conic, obtuse; eee as in No. 1.— Sides of ditches and roads, Pennsylvania and New England. 4. 'T. pallidum, Hedw. Stems short, 3!-4" high; leaves long-seta- $ from a lanceolate base ; costa broad, excurrent denticalate at the apex; capsule oblong-elliptic. — Clayey grounds; frequent. — Conspicuous by its nu- merous, Sen (1}/-2! high) straw-colored pedicels; moncecious; male flower , in the axils of the upper leaves. (Eu.) & mere \eortmrner pie Hedw. Stems densely cspitose, 6-10! high, pease a — — —— re mote, be ope ate; the upper larger, apex, the plane margins denticulate above; — rior ere ert den mgated-conic. Shores of Lake Superior, Agassiz.— Remarkable for the glaucous hue of its foliage. (Eu.) 20. BARBULA, Hedw. (Tab. L) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum subulate-conic. Capsule oy. al-oblong or cylindrical , Tae tecibadinns, Peristome single: teeth 32, sap long, filiform, contorted, connected at the base by a short or long tubular membrane. fl peristome. (Name a diminutive of barba, beard, in allusion to the cap’ me.) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (27) 627 * Teeth of the peristome arising Jrom a@ short basilar membrane. 1. B. uiculata, Hedw. Stems }/-1! high, pony leaves erect- patent, long nc ction obtuse, shortly cuspidate by the excurrent costa, revolute on the margins; capsule cylindrical, erect; annulus none: dicecious ; male mad poate — Clayey soil, &e.; frequent. (Tab. I.) (Eu.) 2. B. cxspitosa, Schweegr. Stems short, condensed ; leaves crowded, dianetiaes shortly acumin cuminate, cuspidate by the slightly excurrent costa, un- moncecious ; male flower ax — Woods, about the roots of trees. — Readily own by its pale-green foliage, anit yellow capsule with a red operculum. (Eu.) 3. B. convolitta, Hedw. Stems short, crowded ; leaves Perea ob- Wing Tanai rather obtuse, the margins plane ; costa ceasing at or below the pol Aap st leaves oblong, almost truncate, convolute, the pce ones te; capsule von oblique ; annulus distinct; pedicel (1! high) yel- low; nrc dicec Raccoon Mts., Alabama, Lesquereux. (Eu.) . B. to Wa b. & Mohr. Stems 1/-3! high, dichotomously branched ; tenis sete long, linear-lanceolate, spreading, flexuose, undulated on @ margins, crisped when dry, costa slightly excurrent; capsule cylindrical inclined : dicecious. On rocks, Alleghany Mountains. — One of the largest ‘species of the ass. om nie & apex , the margins below peg nocnererd costa slightly excurrent. 2 sities slightly inclined ; rege imple: dicecious. Bryol. Eur.) n trees, in a cedar swamp, a quarte athe south of Lebanon, Wilson coaity: Tennessee, Robinson, 1842. eal fruit. (Eu.) * * Teeth of the peristome arising from a long tubular and tessellated membrane. ro lia, Br. Stems short and thick ; leaves con- faced, oblong or obovate-oblong, mucronate by the excurrent costa; capsule cylindrical, PS or slightly curved ; annulus ne 3 operculum rather short: inflorescence as in No. 2.— Rocky banks of streams, &c. ; frequent ralis, Hedw. Stems 1/-3! high, iad, loose; leaves squar- ray oblong or shatine. very obtuse, concave-carinate, reflexed on the ee en —— into s Jong, inane deniat, white, capillary point; annulate: dicecious. — Nahant, Massachusetts, D. "Moerrey: ‘ies, lee (Eu * * Inflorescence and 8. B. papil a Wils. Ste ae a 4! he, thick, crowded ; leaves close, recurved-spreading, Siasapipidiniad very concave above, shortly hair-pointed, papillose on the back; areola rather Nees. Stems ror 1'—2! high, loosely czxspi- tose ; leaves lanceolate, keeled, with recurved margins ; capsule ttre A exserted, tapering into the pedicel, capri! striated, chen dry ribbed near the mouth only; cilia of peristome 8; calyptra large, ry hairy. — hie on banks of Eu.) : the St. Lawrence River. 12. O. leiocirpum, Br. & Sch. Size and mode of growth much as in the last; readily distinguished by its capsule without strie, and entirely smooth when abe) and by the 16 large erose-articulate cilia of the peristome. — Trees. Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Eu. § 2. Capsule much exserted. Monecious. 13. O. Ludwigii, Schwxgr. Stems mostly dec umbent ; leaves linear- slightly are re e hen much contracted and plicate at the mout! ner Heron er calyptra moderately hairy, laciniate at he base. — Give trees, Alleghany Mountains. (Eu.) 14. O. Hutchinsia, sche: Stems aggregated in rather loose tufts; leaves lanceolate, carinate, scarcely reflexed on the margins, when dry erect-ap- pressed, not twisted ; capsule subclavate, with 8 broad stria, the apophysis grad- ually tapering into ‘he long pedicel ; cilia of the peristome 8; calyptra large, copiously hairy. — Rocks ; common in mountainous districts. (Tab. Il.) (Eu.)} 15. O. crispum, Hedw. Stems closely tufted; leaves linear-lanceolate from a dilated base, much contorted and crisped when ee: slightly undulated ; noire clavate, when dry constricted under the mou th, with 8 strong ribs con- ed down the very long tapering apophysis ; peristome with 8 cilia of a dou- ble. row of cellules ; calyptra very hairy; sporules brown. — Trees, Alleghany Mountains. (Enu.) 16. O. crispulum, Hornsch. More delicate than the last; leaves nar- rower and less crisped when dry ; capsule shorter, pale, of thin texture, w on not contracted below the mouth, its ribs less distinct; at ier assing more abruptly into the pedicel; sporules green. the , Allegha Modinehia! (Eu.) 17. O. Britchii, Brid. Very closely allied to the last two species ; from No. 15 it differs in its less crisped leaves, and deeper-colored nie capsule ; tee row of cellules. — ‘White Seisaaaaa, N. Hampshire, Oakes: MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (35) 635 33. MACROMITRIUM, Brid. (Tab. IL) alyptra large, conic-mitriform, longitudinally plicate or sulcate, more or less laciniate at the base, hairy or glabrous. Operculum subulate-rostrate from a ‘Capsule erect-ovate, oval or oblong, long-pedicellate. Peristome double or single, sometimes wanting ; the exterior 16 teeth lanceolate, usually in pairs ; the interior a more or less osemrane membrane, truncate cut to the base into 16 or more cilia. — Stems creeping ; branches erect, est, fertile at their summit; leaves latelate-bons, continuously costate, with a dense and minute dot-like areolation above, enlarged rectangular and pellucid below. (Name from paxpés, long, ssi purpiov, a veil, referring to the very large calyptra.) régei, Hochstetter? Stems slender, 1/-2! long, creeping, sub- pinnately branched; branches short, erect; leaves aun Shey sors ovate- ase, cana- i} ° i=] E. 3 = liculate part oo oval-oblong ; rece sinh nee exterior -waitting|, a short tru yp f Jonah Mountain, Georgia, Lesquereux ; on the bark of old pine-trees. — Wo sas seen Cape of Good Hope specimens a sea identical with ours, referred doubtfully to M. tenue and M. Dregei. (Tab. IL.) 34. SCHLOTHEIMIA, Bri. (Tab. IL) Calyptra large, conic-mitriform, scabrous at the apex, with 4 or more inflexed lobes or appendages at the base. Operculum conic-subulate. Capsule subcy- lindrical, rect, pedicellate. Peristome double; the exterior 16 teeth in pairs, linear-lanceolate (when dry revolute) ; the interior 16 or more irregular cilia. — the ferruginous or reddish-brown color usually predominant in their folia: (Named for Count Schlotheim.) 1. S. Sullivantii, C. Mull. Moncecious; branches short; leaves very crowded, ovate-oblong, obtuse, gents rugose-undulate above, the costa ceas- ing below the point. — Grows in compact, rigid, dark-brown mats, on trees. — Lower portion of the Southern States. (Tab. II.) Trine XIV. PTYCHOMITRIEZ. 35. PTYCHOMITRIUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. IL) Calyptra campanulate, plicate, deeply laciniate at the base. Opereulum conic- sule oval neecious. — Perennial plants, growing on —— and trees: in habit and aspect intermediate between Orthotrichum and Grimmia. — (Name from mrvé, mrixos, a Ae and purpior, a veil, referring to the wens calyptra. 1, P. incarvam, Schwegr. Stems 2/-3!! high, aggregated ; leaves crowded, oblong, ligulate, spreading, aes, incurved at the obtuse and some- what cucullate apex, concave, costate nearly to the point, of a rather thick tex- 636 (386) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) inva posed i” *nnta and hat drata cal jules: , com cellules ; capsule rotund-oval, its mouth ‘email ; teeth of the peristome often divided to the base; annulus large, unrolling. — (Muse. Alleghan., No. 135.) — On rocks, ‘Penis rain and south- ward. (Tab. I.) ie m6ndii, Hook. & Wils. Somewhat larger than the sa fens leayes linear-lanceolate, acute, crisped when dry; teeth of the stome more or less perforated, inserted below the mouth of the givsacical capsule; annulus none. — On trees, Southern States Trrr XV. GRIMMIEZ. 36. pdt i etd. & Br. & Sch. (Tab. IL.) Tl +} 1. f the capsule, conic-mitriform and lacerate at the base, or cuc culliform and entire at the base. Operculum 6 ee convex, papillate or shortly catia deciduous with the columella Capsule roundish-oval, oval-oblong, or obovate, wide-mouthe d, immersed, with a short erect pedicel. Peristome single: teeth 16, lanceolate, cribrose. Inflores- cence moncecious: male flower gemmiform. — Growing in cirenlar more or less compact tufts, on rocks (chiefly mountainous) ; stems simple, or dichotomously branched and fastigiate; leaves of a rigid and rather brittle texture, crowded, reading, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, concave below, channelled above, usually he : diaphanous. — (Name from oxi¢a, to split, the base of the calyptra being la- ciniated.) 1. S. apocarpum, Br. & Sch. Loosely cxespitose ; mr }-1!' long, upper leaves usually with white points; capsule e eeth of peri- stome sometimes entire, purplish-red; annulus none ; catytil neo at the — On rocks, very common. — Foliage blackish-green : subject to numerous leit dependent on locality. (Tab. II.) (Eu.) 2, S. maritimum, Br. & Sch. More robust than the last, densely tufted ; leaves longer, narrower, more rigid, never hair-pointed, the margins plane, the costa stouter and shortly excurrent; capsule obovate, truncate; spo- rules twice as large; calyptra the same.—On rocks near the sea, Eastport, 3. S. confértum, Br. & Sch. Resembles No. 1 exceedingly ; oC more compact; leaves less lurid, their margins not so recurved ; capsule oval o roundish, of a thinner texture, paler-colored, almost pellucid ; teeth of the peri- stome more cribrose and lacerated, and of an orange color; calyptra the same. — New England, Oakes.— A variety with obtuse leaves occurs on the White Mountains. (Eu.) Near the preceding, but has larger and sical perichetial leaves, with a long, flexuous, dentate, pellucid hair-point ; capsule penned ealyptra cuculliform.— (Mem. Art. and Sci. n. ser. 4, p. 170.) —Dry rocks, Santa Fé, N. Mexico, Fendler. MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (37) 637 37. GRIMMIA, Ebrh. (Tab. IL) Calyptra as in Schistidium, ob larger and extending below the mouth of the capsule. Operculum conic-obtuse, or conic-rostrate, deciduous without the colu- mella. Capsule ovate, oval, or hay cylindrical, with an erect and curved or flexuous pedicel. Peristome single: teeth 16, lanceolate, cribrose, and 2-3-fid ove. Inflorescence moncecious or dicecious. — Habit and mode of growth strongly resembling Schistidium and Racomitrium. Habitat, on rocks. — (Named after Grimm, a German botanist.) 1. G. leucophi®a, Grev. Diccious; stems 6-10” high, compactly ceespitose ; 6 widely spreading, ovate or ovate-oblong, concave, plane on the margins, suddenly tapering into a very long pellucid dentate hair-point ; capsule oval or oblong, erect, exserted ; teeth of the peristome deeply 2-3-cleft ; annulus large, unrolling; operculum “- or long agp re calyptra mitriform, 5-lobed at the base. — Sandstone rocks, 8. Ohio. (Tab. IL.) ve Olmeyi, Sulliv. Dicecious; tufts loose, stems 5/’-10" high, y ney. — Approaches ial to G. trichophylla, Grev.; but that is a rather m slender plant; its leaves longer and more flexuous, with a smooth hari capsule regularly and strongly ribbed when dry, pendulous on a longer and m curved pedicel ; teeth of the — istome bifid; rostrum of the operculum ‘alii rc. 3. G Pe aa aeaiee: Schweegr. Dicecious ; loosely csespitose ; ste 1/ or more long; leaves much as in No, 2, but dark green, and Bono nine costa; capsule immersed, erect on a short pedicel, oval-oblong, smooth when dry ; operculum pecans ecicatcr mitriform, lobed. — On rocks, Alle- ghany Mountains; common: fruit rare Siren than any of the preceding. nniana, Smi Moneecious ; tufts compact, small, hemi- spherical, hoary ; stems 3!’- 4! ee leaves Fiaeut toaeolate, with a long and rough hair-point, their margins plane; capsule oval-oblong, shortly exserted on an erect ei annulus rather narrow ; Sasha conic-obtuse ; calyptra mi- triform, lobed. — (G. obtusa, Schwoegr.) — White Mountains of ene Hampshire, Oakes na 38. COSCINODON, Spreng. (Tab. IV.) Capsule large, campanulate, plicate, crenate at the base. Operculum conic, acute or shortly rostellate. Capsule obovate or lag eRe erect, short-pedicellate, annulate. Peristome single: teeth 16, equi uidistant, lanceolate, very much ta 2 reflexed when dry. aa samme ious or wc de ious : male flower gemmiform. — Combines the characters of Orthotrichum and Grim- mia; the habit and sacar of the foliage being that of the last-named genus. 638 (38) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (Name from kdéexwor, a sieve, and 68er, @ tooth, in allusion to the perforated teeth of the peristome.) 1. C. Wrightii, Sulliv. Monecious ; tufts compact , hoary; stems 3/— 4/' high, clavate; leaves closely imbricating (the lower smaller, oval, the upper . larger, obovate), very concave, serrate above, suddenly produced into a long =m denticulate hair-point, costate half-way; areolw at the base oblong, . those near the apex oval, both pellucid, the central ones roundish and chloro- carr capsule oblong:ov. , truncate at the base, on a very short curved pedicel ; ute; annulus large, compound. — Rocks, near San Marcos, Texas, Wright. — C. pulvinatus, its only congener, has a piggies and longer pedicel, obovate capsule, lanceolate leaves, and is dicecious. (Tab. IV.) 39. RACOMITRIUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. IT.) Calyptra conic-mitriform, subulately rostrate, solid and papillose at the apex, membranous and multifid at the base. Operculum conic, with a short or long subulate rostrum. Capsule a nearly cylindrical or om ae erect, i e ents largest among the Grimmioid Mosses ; stems Hddaaavaly irregularly branched ; leaves pa Ea with or without a Siskadesd hair-point, costate-carinate ; areolee above mostly quadrate, below enlarged, linear, with a sinuous outline. (Name rani paxos, a shred, and pirpior, a veil, referring to the lacerate base of the calyptra.) $1. DRYPTODON, Br. & Sch. ne dichotomous ; the innovations simple, fastigiate 1. R. aciculare, Brid. Loosely ‘ihe: dull green; stems procum- bent and leafless below, ascending, 1’-3' long; leaves crowded, spreading every way or secund, ovate-oblong, the costa vanishing below the toothed or entire obtuse point; capsule elliptic-oblong, its mouth small ; mks of peristome deep- ly 2-3-fid; operculum long, subulate-rostrate.—On wet rocks, Alleghany Mountains. (Eu.) 2. B. Sudéticum, Br. & Sch. Patches loose, grayish or — stems as in the last; leaves from an erect base, spreading, recurved or incurved, linear- lanceolate, with a rather short denticulate pellneia coma capsule small, oval or elliptic-oblong on a short erect or curved pedicel; operculum shortly rostrate. — Exposed rocks, Alleghany Mountains. 2 § 2. RACOMITRIUM Proper. — Ramification eneiuale ; branches ramulose ; the innovations not iculare, Brid. Patches loose, i a light green color ; stems oor y urge’ hed ; 8 with numerous fasciculate short ong, ass nt, bran che ranchlets; leaves crowded, spreading, linear-lanceolate, tapering, without a i i ve and below elongated and sinuous ; Tr Laima = spare - calves er, nggiee its whole leng — Moist rocks, ‘etieahiery ‘aan (Tab. II.) (Eu.) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (39) 639 4. R. microcarpum, Brid. Tufts rather compact; stems slender, fasciculately branched, with numerous short branchlets ; leaves yellowish, spread- ing, recurved or a aie I. with a short diaphanous re- motely serrated hair-point elongated and sinuous; capsule small, oblong; teeth of the pocistenss err — Dry rocks, Alleghany Moun- tains. (Eu.) 5. R. lanugind » Brid. Patches loose, extensive, hoary; stems much elongated (4!/- 10), bie flexuose, fragile, with fasciculate branches ; leaves crowded, erect-patent, rather flexuous, linear-lanceolate, tapering into a long diaphanous erose-dentate hair-point; areole elongated and sinuous; cap- sule small, ovate-oval, on a short scabrous pedicel ; teeth of peristome very long, 2-cleft, filiform. — Rocks, White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu.) 6. R. caméscens, Brid. Patches loose, large, yellowish-green or hoary ; stems 2/—4! long, more or less fasciculately branched; leayes spreading, re- curved, ovate-lanceolate, with a short erose-denticulate hair-point, papillose on both s i vate- ur’ oblong, on a long smooth pedicel ; teeth of the peristome as long as the capsule, very slender, 2-parted, nodulose. — With the last, Oakes. (Eu.) Trrzr XVI. HEDWIGIEZ. 40. HEDWIGIA, Ebr. (Tab. IL) alyptra small, conic, ater sometimes hairy. Operculum plano-conyex, with or without a central papilla. Capsule globose, erect, entirely immersed, very short pedicellate Perstome none. Inflorescence monoecious: male flower ‘ke Schisti ; . margi and quadrate. (Dedicated to the tated cryptogamist, Ie Hedwig. re 1. Hi. ciliata, Ehrh. Stems 1’/-4’ long, rooting at the base only ; leaves sometimes secund, with a longer or shorter me gH oint. — On rocks and bowlders ; very common, forming large and hoary glaucous-green patches. (Tab. II.) (Eu Tre XVIL BUXBAUMIES. 41. BUXBAUMIA, Haller. (Tab. ad Calyptra ee ana Oman small, covering the operculum . Oper- culum small, Sai comer Cap riachpicine oe RN NT obliga, "da on the Peri upper ree convex stome double (7) ; di exterior an een ante ‘anes composed of 3 or 4 ieailt of elongated or tissue, or 16 linear moniliform papillose teeth ; the interior a whitish and conic plaited membrane. Inflorescence moncecious : male flower gemmiform ; sada solitary, roundish. — Minute annuals or biennials ; stems scarcely any, partly buried in the soil; leaves few (5 or 6), scale- 640 (40) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) like, broad-ovate, deeply cut and long-ciliated on the margins, met costate, loose- ly reticulated. (Named after J. C. Buxbaum, an early German i): 1. B. aphylla, Haller. Stem and —— having the appearance of a minute hairy bulb, many times smaller than the capsule with its short cylindri- cal apophysis ; pedicel rather stout, 7//-10/ high, tuberculate. —New England and New York; rare. (Tab. III.) (Eu.) 42, DIPHYSCIUM, Weber & Mobr. ne Calyptra small, conic, entire at the base, scarcely covering tl ted-coni operculum. Capsule large, ovate, oblique, ora star: he immersed. Peri- stome double (?); the exterior a very —— slightly so tate ring. ed rudi- mentary; the interior as in mf aumia. I e flow rminal, gemmiform; antheridia numerous, pee ted. — Small pees like mosses, annual or biennial, the sessile capsule forming the principal part; stem very short, its leaves lingulate, spreading, entire, costate, thick and fleshy; the perichzetial leaves much larger, membranous, erect, lanceolate, an at N the point, the costa excurrent into a long serrulate awn. (Name from Ois, twice, and J apres a vesicle ; vast = separation of the thecal and ea membranes giving f one vesicle within another.) 1. D. Glieiak Web, & Mohr. Whole plant 3"-—4! high: — Clayey or barren soil; not unfrequent in hilly districts. (Tab. II.) — u.) Tripe XVIII. eS 43. ATRICHUM, Beauv. (Tab. IIL) alyptra narrowly cuculliform, naked, spinulose at the apex. Operculum hemispherical at the base, with a long slender ros . Capsule cylindrical or oblong, nearly erect, slightly arcuate, fain. Leet Peristome single: teeth 32, short, ligulate, obtuse, incurved and adhering by their summits to the soo of the disk-like apex of the ante Inflorescence moneecious or dicecious male — == 2 ee aie ~ ” hal ” t Pgs een moda om dnd Mnium ; re leaves small below, much larger and elongated above, eee dry, of a a orig eine eee, Oe —reeeee the — ta bearing on its upper sur- ivative, and Opié, rptxéds, a hair, a in in allusion to the naked cady piv) 1. A. undulatum, Beauv. Stems erect, mostly simple ; leaves long in hilly districts ; rare. — Moneecious : fertile flower terminal on a prolongation of the axis of the sterile flowers. (Eu.) 2. A. amgustatum, Beauv. More slender than the preceding; leaves narrower, more densely reticulated, not denticulate below the middle, the costa with more numerous and broader lamellx.— Shady woods, and margins of swamps; common. — Dicecious: male flower terminal. (Tab. III.) (Eu.) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (41) 641 3. A. crispum, T.P. James. More robust than either of the foregoing ; ste imple, lower leaves small, somewhat spatulate; the upper much larger, r,-the costa p estar scarcely lamellate ; areolz rather large, hexag- onal-rotu al: le ob ng, erect-cernuous, its mouth ample ; wey of the aren witty short, somewhat irregular; pedicel stout, red :’ diceciou B of small streams, New Jersey, James. — A very distinct species. 44. POGONATUM, Beauv. Harre-cap Moss. (Tab. II) Calyptra cuculliform, very hairy ; the hairs forming a dense mat, covering the - whole capsule. » Operculum rostellate from a convex base. . Inflorescence dic- cious : male ‘flower cup-shaped. — Mode of growth as in Atrichum ; leaves more rigid, spré ading from a sheathing base, lanceolate, the costa below narrow, above very broad and‘covered with numerous crowded lamella. — (Name from moyor, a beard; from the hairy calyptra. ems extremely short. 1. P. brevicatile, Bad. Stems 2-3! high; leaves pressed, the lower ovate-acute, the upper narrowly lanceolate from a faded been erose-denticulate above ; capsule cylindrical, erect ; operculum shortly yostellata; calyptra whitish. — Moist clayey banks, Eastern States and westward. — The ground around is always covered by a green stratum of confervoid filaments. 2. P. brachyphyllum, Michx. Much like the last; stems nt leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, entire ; capsule oe cernuous; calyptra bro — On the ground, road-sides, &c., Southern Sta %* Stems elongated. (Alpine i Sd rni etnias Brid. Stems divided above; leaves lanceolate from ened on their borders; capsule cylindrical, the surface granulated. — White Mountains, New Hampshire. — Plant 2/- rine (Tab. I.) (Eu.) 4. apillare, nasty Very like the preceding, but a smaller plant ; leaves oa approac spatulate, pointed, more loosely placed on the stem; pedicels more ap rostrum of the operculum rather flexuous ; teeth of the peristome more linear, their basal membrane conspicuously emergent. — White Mountains, New Hampshire 5. P. alpinum, heme Stems much elongated, fastigiately branched amellae above ; leaves iar atet. from a long sheathing base, serrate ; oO the costa gradually thickened at their margins ; capsule inert or a? oval- Larger oblong, the sites smooth. — White Mountains, New Hampshire than 45. POLY TRICHUM, Bri. Hare-car Moss. (Tab. IIL) Calyptra and operculum as in the last. Capsule 4- 6-sided, oblong or ovate, with a discoid caer, erect (when is horizontal), lo toa ag es asc stome single: teeth 64 : — otherwise as in Atrichum ; with the infl mode of growth of Pagal soy Mom csoad the largent of thd 642 (42) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) firm from a suberect may (hence forming more compact tufts), alm relia angular, dark purple shin ; leaves rigid and coria- ceous, Giabiesct, below fiuitice, ceva spreading, and mostly occupied by the broad lamelligerous costa. (Name from wodvs, many, and Opié, rprxds, a hair; from the hairy covering of the calyptra 1. P. commune, Linn. Stems erect, most simple ; we spreading or recurved, flat, serrate on the margins and back ; the lamella somewhat 2-cleft at their margins ; a oblong, 4-sided, the ati acute ; opeleatti shortly rostrate from a convex base. — Shady moist places ; common. — Plant 6/-12! high. (Tab. IIL.) a 2. P. formdsum, Hedw. Differs from the preceding by its longer and slightly curved capsule with obtuse angles, a smaller obconic apophysis tapering into the pedicel, and the conical operculum. — Woods, around the base of trees, (Eu.) cile, Menzies. Usually somewhat smaller than No. 1 or 2; capsule ovate, 4—6-sided, obtuse-angled ; operculum long-rostrate ; the hai covering of the calyptra shorter than the capsule; spores larger ; basal mem- of the peristome not emergent. —Boggy places, Ipswich, Massachusetts, ahs, (Eu.) .P. juniperinam, Hedw. Stem simple or divided; “leaves linear- ciadaed eerie Cae on the back, the margins inflexed, entire ; capsule and operculum No. 1.— Var. srrictum. Stems elongated, slen- der; leaves appressed ; igus cubical. — Margins of woods, in exposed places, &c.— Plant 4/-7! high; the variety subalpine. (Eu.) iliferum, Schreb. Stems simple; leaves clustered at the sum- mit, lanceolate, the margins inflexed, entire ; costa excurrent into a long diaph- anous and spinulose awn; capsule ovate-oblong, 4-sided ; operculum conical, rostrate. — Rocky places, in mountainous districts. — Plant 2!-4! high. (Eu. Trine XIX. BRYEZ. 46. Timmra, Hedw. (Tab. IIL) tra large, cuculliform. Operculum hemispherical, papillate r with a central depression. Capea oblong, si subpyriform, erect-cernuous, aa, an- ristome ame the came’ of 16 lanceolate ge- rm, axillary. gz nion, and Polytrichum; stems csspitose, ascending from a decumbent radicu- lose base, innovating sparingly above ; leaves of a firm and rather se texture, sheathing at the base, elongated-lanceolate, spreading, strongly dentate, with a stout and terete percurrent costa; areole rotund above, et hecabaiae te’ ist.) 1. T. m litama, Hedw.— The ealyptra is often arrested in its growth, and found attached to the pedicel, having given egress to the capsule by MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (48) 643 a lateral fissure not extending through its tubular base. — Shady banks of water- courses; not uncommon. (Tab. III.) u.) 47, AULACOMNION, Schwzer. (Tab. IIL) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum shortly and obtusely rostellate from a ‘ resce’ sides a peculiar habit of their own, a mixed resemblance to species of Mnium, Bartramia, and Meesia; stems erect, tomentose ; upper portion of the branches in some species elongated, leafless, -eaicel: like, and terminated by capitula of rudimentary leaves (pseudopodia) ; leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, costate nearly to the apex, with a granular dot-like areolation. (Name from adAaé, ~akos, a furrow, and pviov, a moss, in allusion to the furrowed or ribbed capsule.) 1. A. heteréstichum, Br. & Sch. Leaves obovate-oblong, hei serrate, turned to one side; seats oe i slightly ¢ opere lum obliquely rostellate. — Woods, moist eae c.; common: — Mone- cious ; sterile flower gemmiform, axillary: p sree a wanting. (Tab. III.) 2. A. tiirgidum, Schwegr. Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire; cap- sule curved, somewhat gibbous. — White Mountains of New ampshire. — Dice- cious : sterile flower discoid: presence of psetdopodia doubtful. . A e, Schwee Leaves elongated-lanceolate, denticulate at the apex; capsule cernuous, ovate-oblong, gibbous at the back. — Borders of swamps; not unfrequent.— Inflorescence as in No. 2: pseudopodia less fre- eae than in the next species. (Eu.) perrnenigt ars Schwegr. Dicecious; a miniature resemblance of ass nl ae ; distinguished. by its gemmiform male flower and ob- long, pach inclined capsule: pseudopodia more abundant and fruit more rare. — Chimney Rocks, on the French Broad River, Tennessee. (Eu.) 48. BRYUM, Br. &Sch. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra small, cuculliform, fugacious. Operculum convex, apiculate or shortly rostellate. Capsule pyriform, clavate or oblong, with a tapering neck or apophysis, inclined or pendulous, long-pedicellate, silibee annulate. Peri- stome double; the exterior 16 lanceolate teeth, with a flexuous medial line, hygroscopic; articulation close, speserntey rominent: the interior a membrane divided half-way into 16 carinate processes or cilia, alternating with the teeth ; intermediate ciliole (1-3 together) ae present. Inflorescence various : spe tems aang exspitose, erect, sparingly branched cd fanovations from the floral apex ; leaves enlarged as they ascend, usually of an ovate or lanceolate outline, with a percurrent costa, smooth texture, and ates large rhomboidal areolation. (Bpvoy, an ancient name for Moss.) . f 644 (44) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) * Leaves narrow, elongated ; the costa ceasing below the apex. nfl e ite. 1. B. pyriférme, Hedw. Stems short (3!-4!’), simple ; leaves bright hinin us, slig . B. criidum, Schreb. Patches glaucous-green, somewhat loose ; stems 1-2! high; lower ‘ave oval-lanceolate, the terminal linear-lanceolate, sub- flexuous, serrate at the apex ; ge oval-pyriform or oblong, suberect or horizontal ; operculum as in No. 1.— White Mountains, New Hampshire, — Sometimes diccious. mes + Infl diceci male flower gemmiform, terminal. Lescurianum, Sulliv. Loosely cespitose, greenish-yellow, without any tinge of red ; stems 4" _gi! long, aioe mbent ; lower leaves o long-lanceolate, the terminal much longer, linear, acuminate, serrate at the apex, the soo reflexed at the middle; capsule short, pyriform, pendulous, when thed ; annulus deihsiotinit unrolling ; operculum soeriaye. ‘esinans nse erect from a geniculate base, 7 " 8" long. lem. Amer +, N. ser. 4, p. 171.) — Clay-banks, Ohio and cesar 4. B. annétinum, Hedw. Plant bly larger than the preced- ing; capsule oblong- ayia, with a re 7 dae te. reddish neck, and con- cted under the mouth when dry.— Mountains of New England, Oakes. — stri The sterile shoots have numerous axillary, aseitinntle bulb-like gemmez. (Eu.) ++ Inflorescence monecious: antheridia axillary. 5. B. elongatum, Dicks. Stems simple, 4-10" high; upper leaves linear-lanceolate, crowded, spreading, recurved on their lower margin, serrated at the apex a inclined or ance soe narrowly clavate, the col- lum very dong Bs shies mg rst pedicel 1’-2! long.— Crevices of een sed of high ts the Southern States. — Ciiols of the inner e often pailedicbaly: "Cie) pera mitams, Reaeeh. Stems about 1’ long ; upper leaves linear-lan ie, serrulat recurved; capsule pendulous, pe pyriform or elliptical, short-necked ; operculum apiculate; ciliole of the inner peristome in twos or threes, large, appendiculate ; pedicel 1/-2! high, pale above. — Moist sandy soil, in hilly or mountainous districts. (Eu.) 7. B. cucullatum, Schwegr. An alpine species, often confounded with alpine forms of the last species; its most reliable distinctive characters the larger obovate capsule, with a small operculum, and the absence of the ciliol of the inner peristome.— White Mountains of New Hampshire, Gray, Oakes. (Eu.) x * Leaves broad ; costa ceasing below the apex. (Diccious: male flower terminal.) Stems 1/-2! long, Re at the base; low. er leaves small, appressed, the upper very large, serrated, spatulate, sphinliti forming terminal stellate clusters ; capsule soa clavate-oblong or sub- MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (45) 645 cylindrical, slightly curved, short-necked; pedicels 1-5 from the same peri- cheeth ; male flower somewhat discoid. — Shaded woods, at the base of trees: common.— Among the largest of the genus. (Eu.) 9. B. Wahlenbérgii, Schwegr. Patches oo pale glaucous- green ; stems erect, or hig at the base, 1/- iaihisee xin serrate, ate, lower ones e uppermost lanceol rather loose oe aati shor’ preform, ——* short necked, ae dry wide-mouthed; annulus none; male flower di conspicuous, on a slender stem.—Springy and gravelly places; not uncommon: but the’ fruit rare. (Enu.) __- 10. B. argénteuma, Linn. Patches — stems 4!-10! high, divided ; branches julaceous ; leaves very concave, entire, loosely areolated ; the lower distant, broadly ovate; the upper oat ane te, imbricating ; capsul abruptly pendulous, eek deep purple when ripe. — On exposed ground, roofs, pavements, &e. : mely common See Gaal species. (Eu.) * * * Leaves eee the costa extending to the apex. ll. B. pseudo-triquétrum, Schwegr. Patches large, green inclining to blackish or lish ; stems 1/-3! high, radiculose ; leaves ovate " ‘ ord hi at the apex ; capsule pendulous, oblong-pyriform, with a tapering neck. — We rocks, in hilly districts, Southern Ohio. — Resembles B. bimum, but is more robust, and with a different inflorescence. (Eu.) 12. B. turbinatum, iste. Duiches pale oom,” sometimes with, a reddish tinge ; stems 1/—2/ long ; subdecurrent, slightly recurved on the margins, the marginal cellules long and narrow ; copenls ventricose-pyriform, very much constricted under the mou when dry.— Wet rocks, below Niagara Falls, (Eu.) 13. B. Duvailii, Voit. Distinguished from the preceding (some forms of which it much resembles) by its more slender stems ; its remote, spreading, bea: much de pres less oe ari of a looser areolation and with plane capsule trict e mouth when dry.— Mountains of New a arte pi (Eu.) 4. B. alpinum, L. Tufts dense, deep red, shining ; stems (}!-2! high) stiff; leaves lanceolate, nearly erect, closely imbricating, straight, recurved on the margins; costa strong, rigid; capsule oblong-pyriform, pendalons, deep red.— Alpine region of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu.) * * * * Leaves ovate; the costa excurrent. + Inflorescence hermaphrodite. 15. B. cérmuum, Hedw. Closcly cespitose; stems branched, radicu- lose ; leaves ovate-acuminate, concave, with recurved margins ; es pena lous, oblong-pyriform, the see and operculum very small ; Be , t sae — Wet woods, Northern Ohio. "(ita 6. B. bimum, . Stems 1/-2! long, matted by the purplish ina leaves above saune or lurid-green, below pepe ovate- 646 (46) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) lanceolate, spreading, subdecurrent, somewhat margined, slightly serrated at the BpeX 5 capsule pendulous, oblong- pyrifrm, mouth and operculum rather large ; inner peristome perfect. — ut the roots of trees, on the borders of swamps ; Ohio. (Tab. IV.) (Eu.) 17. B. intermédium, Brid. Densely cxspitose ; stems short (3!/- 6! high); leaves ovate-acuminate and ovate-lanceolate, imbricated, erect, their margins es spe hassiee nar portion of the costa sometimes denticulate ; = sule ; inner peristome perfect. — thevic of shaded limestone cliffs, Ohio ; . and on “brick walls, near the Santee ‘TH South Carolina aoe ) . B. éscens, Br. & Sch. Much like the last; but distinguished ot its leaves Saintes when dry, and its larger, clavate-obconic, somewhat pendulous capsule, saa incurved. — Texas, oe (Eu.) ofl male flower gemmiform, terminal. 19. B. capillare, Hedw. Stems 4/- i Ba rather deat tufted ; leaves strongly contorted when dry, narrowly margined, the lower ovate-oblong, apiculate ; the — obovate-oblong pers slender gel capsule rather pen- dulous, variable, oval-pyriform, oblong-clavate, or short-obovate; operculum red. — On rode: Sou aitin mountains of Pennsylvania, Lesquereux: rare. A variable species. (Eu.) 20. B. cxspiticium, L. Tufts compact; stems 4/-1/ long ; leaves capsule meats Sani wa or pyriform, pendulous ; operculum yellow. — On the ground, rocks, &c., in dry places: frequent. cy 21. B. Sia ed 2 UE Web. & Mohr. Smaller than the last ; stems densely crowded ; leaves ovate-acute and ovate-lanceolate, erect-patent, concave, reflexed on the margins ; capsule pendulous, dark purple, oval-oblong, not pyri- the form, the neck abruptly passing into the pedicel; operculum wiiee than the mouth of the capsule. — Sandy soil, among the Lookout Mountains, Alabama, Lesqu (Eu.) 22. B. sanguineum, Ludwig. Distinguished from the last species, eee it much resembles, by its leaves more elongated, longer-cuspidate, plane margins, and serrate at the apex; capsule deep blood-red, o a, orm, the neck gradually tapering into the pedicel ; the operculum more point- — With No. 21. (in. ) peers Infl branches. osum, Br. & Sch. Chipttces : ‘asden | (3! 7high), 24. B. palléscens, Schweegr. Stems 1/-2! high, compactly tufted ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the margins reflexed ; capsule oblong-pyriform, sym- metrical,pendulous ; cilia of the inner peristome present and appen niieaiads os Central Ohio: very rare. — Lower leaves with a reddish tint. (Eu.) MUSCI. (MOSSES:) (47) 647 49. MNIUM, Br.&Sch. (Tab. IIL) Calyptra small, cuculliform, fugacious. Operculum convex at the base, apic- sekititing genus, its species however larger and more showy, conspicuous for their broad, ey eacpel spree ora a sanegeadememten thickened border, a percurrent ; stems innovating from near their base, na uae } growing on the ground or on rocks in shady situ- ations. (Mvioy, an ancient name ~~ Moss.) %* In aflor — male flower terminal, discoid. . M. affime, Bland. Stems nee 1/-3!/ high; upper leaves large, aipieslong or hatin bovate, crowded, spreading, undulated or crisped en dry, their thickened border simply spinulose-serrate ; leaves of the pro- dish d ediabithe or arched shoots roundish, 2- ed; capsule oblong, large ; opercu- lum apiculate ; ieee often 2-4 from the s perichzeth. — On the gro shaded banks in woods: frequent. (Eu.) 2. nice Hedw. 00 and barren shoots erect, 1/-3! high; leaves erect-patent, narrowly lanceolate, their thickened border doubly spinulose- serrate ; capsule oblong, tapering into Hs age horizontal ; operculum apicu- late. — White Mountains of New Ham e, Oa (Eu.) M. o chum, Brid. Stems sug, 1/-1)' high; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, subspatulate, the border as in the last species; areole unusually small and opaque for the genus ; capsule horizontal, oblong, slightly incurved ; operculum conic-rostellate. — Wet oo near Montreal, Can: ada East. (Eu.) » Hedw. Stems closely cxspitose, 1/-2’ high; leaves oval-oblong, seestidligy to spatulate, without a thickened border, strongly serrate above, very brittle when dry; areole roundish, rather small; capsule oblong, hovistatal, 62%: incurved ; eceear simply hemispherical.— Margins of woodland brooks: fruit rare.— Foliage dark green with an indigo tinge, and acid to the ie (Eu.) 5. M. punctatum, Hedw. Stems }/-4/ high, radiculose; leaves large, spreading, roundish-obovate, narrowed at the base, scarcely pointed, with a thick- ened firm border, not serrate; capsule rather pendulous, oval; operculum conic- rostellate. —Wet places, on the ground, Alleghany Mountains. — Foliage with areddish tinge. ( * Inflorescence hermaphrodite. 6. Mi. serra “Bua. Stems }/-1! high, loosely czspitose; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the thickened border doubly sommes capsule nearly an oval, gradually ae mone pedicel rculum short-rostel- — Margins o: ts, in w ong the isin species. (Eu.) 7M. Drumméndii, Br. & Sch. Densely i Sree about fi leaves erect from an oblong narrow base, broad-ovai scarcely crisped when dry, with a narrow, thickened, and weer a ea 648 (48) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) tate border; capsule short, oval, pendulous; operculum short, conic-acute.— White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes. rostratum, Sanwngs Stems 3/-1/ high; the sterile branches longer, tee mbent or rkweat ——e ee age en hope very short- ren he thicken , half as long capsule ; aoe’ often 2-5 together. — Along woodland rivulets. (Eu. ) 9. it. cuspidatum, Hedw. Stems 3/-1/ high, closely tufted, radicu- cuminate wi rate ; capsule somewhat pendulous, solitary ; operculum convex, scarcely apicu- late. — Woods, about the roots of trees: frequent. (Tab. III.) (Eu.) Tre XX. MEESIEZ. 50. MEESIA, Hedw. (Tab. IIL) Calyptra small, cuculliform, fugacious. Operculum conic. Capsule apo- physated, erect-cernuous, clavate, with a small oblique mouth, very long-pedi- cellate, narrowly annulate, Peristome double; the exterior of 16 short obtuse teeth, wi ial line ; the interior of 16 carinate cilia, much longer than the teeth, with a narrow basal membrane. Inflorescence various: male flower with clavate: paraphyses. — Tall and striking species, inhabiting bogs and swam remarkable for their slender stems and long pedicels, in habit Bryoid, in shape of capsule allied to the Funariex ; leaves of a lanceolate outline, with a amplexicaul and preety base ; thé costa imnaeres areole small, compact, oblong. — (Named for D. Meese, a Dutch botanis 1. ME fongistta, 1 rome "era stems 3!-5/ high, tomentose ; 1 n the margins, serrate, twist- Py mae the caper constituting half its mak as in the othe species) ; the exterior peristome more or less adherent 7 to the interior; annulus rather aehernyl ie obtuse ; pedicels 4!_5! long. — Cranberry marshes, Northe io. — A variety, smaller in all its parts, occurs among the mountains of New England. (Tab. Ut.) (&u.) 2. ML. tristicha, Br. & Sch. Distinguished from the preceding by its 3-ranked, wider, actus and denticulate a and the dicecious inflorescence, with a terminal discoid male flower. in similar places. 3. MK. amas Hedw. Smaller than No. 1 and 2, moneecious and recurved te Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes: St. Paul, Minnesota, Lesquereur. (Eu.) Tre XXL BARTRAMIEZ. 51. BARTRAMIA, Hedw. (Tab. IIL) yptra small, dimidiate, fugacious. Operculum small, conic-convex. Capsule globular, cernuous, seldom erect or pendulous, exannulate, striated. MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (49) 649 en dry furrowed, with a long and erect (rarely short and ae pedicel. pe usually double, sometimes single or none; the exterior of 16 teeth like those of Bryum ; the interior a plicated membrane divided men “way ne 16 cilia, splitting along their middle; their segments divergent ; rudimentary ciliolz often present. Inflorescence various.— Plants remarkable ok their globose capsule; growing in extensive tufts | on the ground, and on y trees ; stems covered with a dense radicular tomentum ; leaves Seanad, more or less ete er serrate, papillose on both surfaces, of a ture ; areola dense, Sean ti ng; costa percurrent or excurrent. (Named in hoi of John Bart: ee earliest nati ive ssoneisonen botanist.) — In the pt species the oath is cernuous: p pedicel long and erect §1. BARTRAMIA Prorer.— Stems dichotomously branched. 1. B. i rebar mene “or Hermaphrodite ; tufts compact, bright yellow- from a broad, sheathing, whitish cas , excurrent, with a scabrous point. — ine balpine rocks, White Mountains, New Hampshire. (Eu.) 2, B. deri, Swartz. Hermaphrodite; tufts loose, extensive, dark-green ; ap stems slender, 1/-3/ high; leaves remote, patent-recurved from an erect (not nae base, lanceolate, carinate, scarcely papillose, recurved on the margins, e apex. — Mountains of New England. érmis, cecious; tufts large, rather dense, inidiotii-gtech ; stems 1/—3! are ‘eaves crowded, spreading, lanceolate-subu- late or linear-subulate, crisped when dry, flattish, the costa excurrent ; le ston 5 enere abi contiguous to the female.— Shady banks, either dry or moist: common. (Tab ( §2. PHILONOTIS, Brid. — Stems fasciculately branched. 4. B. fontama, Brid. Dicecious; tufts extensive, dense, yellowish or glaucous-green ; stems elongated (3/-7! high); branches interruptedly verticil- late; leaves of two forms, either coro vate-acuminate and appressed, or longer, lanceolate and spreading or secund, both reflexed on the margins below and ob- pea plicate at the base ; inner pag i of the discoid male flower obtuse, not — Wet springy places, in mountain districts. (Eu. 5. -: calcarea, Br. & Sch. Dicecious; compared with the last species (which it very closely resembles), its leaves are longer, more rigid and gradually tapering, me arse with a larger areolation and a stronger costa; perigo- nial leaves costate to the acuminated apex ; teeth of the peristome not so closely articulated. — — Specimens atria between this species (as a from Dccieniss ms) and No. 4, were gathered by Danae on wet rocks, in the mountains of North Carolina. (Eu. 6. B. Marchica, Brid. Dicecious ; pene pena forms of B. fon- tana; leaves ciaiiac in i sdiapo, spreading or 3 w, lanceolate, not pli- cate, mucronate by the excurrent costa ; capsule w nagevsel male flower gem- Schwegr.) — Gravelly and springy places. (Eu.) ; 55 650 (50) - MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 7. B. radicalis, Beauv. Monccious; stems short; leaves lincar-lanceo- late, erect, cuspidate by the long-excurrent RO te costa; male flower gemmi- form, close to the female. — Wet clay-banks, Ohio and southward 52. CONOSTOMUM, Swartz. (Tab. IIL) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostellate. Regie globular, cer- nuous, exannulate, with a long erect pedicel. Peristome single: teeth 16, linear- lanceolate, prominently articulated, with a medial fd united at their apices. 4 ; Inflorescence dicecious : male flower Seeley with tiie paraphyses. —A genus scarce enaeie os from B ia, differing only in the structure of the peristome, th t lu sai the larger and less fugacious calyp- tra. (Name from Kévos, a ‘i and ihe a mouth, in allusion to the cone-like appearance of the peristome. ) 1. C. boreale, Swartz. Stems ing i ae ie 2! high, glau- im ted i (Tab. IIL.) Trine XXII. FUNARIEX. 53. FUNARIA, Schreb. (Tab. IIL.) WORN aaah eae ean subulate above. Operculum conic or convex-obtuse. i pyriform eae ventricose, cernuous, with a small ‘saligha é maud, long- podicellato. Peris e double: the exterior — 16 teeth, oblique, lanceolate-attenuated, and connected at their apices b cilia, opposi teeth. rere moneecious: male flower subdiscoid its paraphyses pave enlarged at apex. — Annual or biennial gregario “— growing on the ground; stems at first simple, te d a male flower, afterwards branched, the branches producing fertile flowers ; lower leaves cata upper ones clustered, larger, broad-lanceolate, of a thin and loose tex- ture ; the areolx large, hexagonal-oblong ; costa loosely cellular, pene below is the lus large, spirally unrolling ; pedicel (2’—-3/ long) arcuate and flexuous. Hho CALV&scens has the pedicel more elongated and straight, the capsule- ney and almost erect. — Very common, on the ground (particularly wn lately burnt es and on walls; the variety occurs mostly in the South States. (Tab. II.) (Eu.) 2, F. flAvicams, Michx. In general appearance very much like the last; tae the color paler; leaves not so connivent and with a long cuspidate point, the MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (51) 651 costa excurrent; pedicels not arcuate nor so flexuous; capsule less obovate, very slightly furrowed when dry; mouth larger, not so oblique, and its border smooth. — Southern Sta 3. F. Muhle wmneaage Schwager. Very much smaller than No. 1 or 2; stems 1//—3" high ; upper leaves oueesigaaatitg oblong-obovate, suddenly acumi- nate, obtusely serrate, the costa ceasing below the point; capsule shortly pyri- form, not furrowed when dry; operculum convex, apiculate; annulus none; — 6'!~8!' high, twisted to the right when dry ; spores more than twice the ter of those of No. 1, granular on the surface. — Pennsylvania. (Eu.) 4, F. serrata, Beauv. Intermediate in size between Nos. 1 and 3; pared with the last, the eaves are longer, pag rec distantly isla sharply cose soi the costa excurrent ; operculum convex, not apiculate ; dicel 1/-1}/ high, when dry twisted Pa ‘tb left its whole length ; spores larger. snails fs and southward. 54. ENTOSTHODON, Schwegr. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra rostrate, cuculliform, inflated below. Operculum depressed-convex. ber erect, pyriform, — — 7 ee Peristome sin- teeth 16, sh te, inserted below the orifice 16, ort, of the agate, horizontal. — Inflorescence, samifention, and structure of leaves as in Funaria.—(Name formed of %yroev, from within, and oder, tooth, satin to the insertion of the teeth.) . E. Drummoén Sulliv. Stems 1/-2" high; leaves connivent, Poet non obtuse, slightly crenate on the margin, concave, costate to e apex, areolation large ; capsule se operculum flattish ; pedi- ubulate ceils 5/7" na ; calyp rostrum as capsule. —(E. obtusifolius, Hook. §- Wis. . ae 2d coll. No* 36.) — Wet, clayey soil, ee States. — The ponders are and the —— late rostrum of the , readily distinguish allied E. Templetoni, ‘Soue and E. obtusifolius, Hy Dz. Hook. (Tab. cars 55. PHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra long-rostrate, mitriform and lobed at the base, or inflated-cuculliform. Operculum flattish-convex, with or without an apiculus. Capsule pyriform, er exannulate, its pedicel mostly erect. Peristome wanting. — An- nual and biennial ormee with the inflorescence, ramification, and structure of leaves as in fae (Name from ucxos, something inflated, and purpiov, a little cap.) i - pyriforme, Br. & Sch. Stems 2!’-5! high; leaves spatulate- lanceolate, serrate, spreading, the costa nearly percurrent, capsule globose-pyti- form, on an erect exserted pedicel 5!—8!’ long ; calyptra mitriform, lobed. — Cate gun; extremely common. (Eu.) 2. P. immérsum, Sulliv. Leaves obovate-lanceolate ? 652 (52) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) short-pointed from a convex base, and deciduous with the columella attached ; ' calyptra small, mitriform, 4 —5-lobed at the base. —(P. sphericum, Muse. Alle. ghan., No. 196.) —Banks of the Ohio River subject to inundation. — A minute annual : length of the whole plant 2-3". (Tab. IV.) 3. P. tetragonum, Br. & Sch. Stems gregarious, scarcely 1! high; - leaves connivent, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the costa ceasing at the apex or excurrent ; capsule globose-pyriform, on an erect pedicel (1 high), wide- mouthed when dry ; operculum convex, apiculate ; calyptra very large, twice as long as the capsule, fusiform, 4-sided, splitting on one side.— On the ground, an Marcos, Texas, Wright: Vincennes, Indiana, Lesquereux. (Eu.) 56. APHANORHEGMA, Sullivy. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra small, campanulate-mitriform, lobed at the base. Operculum hemi- spherical, apiculate. Capsule immersed (including the operculum), spherical, i 0 cious 0 - nearly sessile, exannulate. Peristo fl mon maphrodite: paraphyses globosely distended at the by its feeble dehiscence, globose capsule, and the characters : — ion, forming intermediate link between Physcomitrella among Cleistocarpous, and Phys- ores iceray among i Mosses. (Name i adavns, unapparent, and piyypa, rupture, or suture ; dehiscence obscure.) 1. A. serrata, Sulliv. Stems 2"-3! high, simple or innovating from two equal portions ; antheridia (occasionally intermixed with a few archegonia) in the axils of the pericheetial leaves, usually naked, sometimes bir: 1 or 2 small oe ae leaves. — (Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad., n. ser. 4, p 2.)— Damp soil, New England to Ohio .— Strikingly like pecs te dats mainly by its feeble eS and the denser texture o: outer wall of the capsule. (Tab. IV.) Trise XXII. SPLACHNES. 57. SPLACHNUM, L:,Br.& Sch. Umpretza-Moss. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra small, conic, entire or uneven at base: operculum convex or mammillate. Capsule erect, obovate-oblong or wecheustih cal, with a very large spongy and differently colored obovate, globose or caineiatiicas apophysis, in pai en termin: nized an the exceedingly large apophysis of the capsule ; emp hewn only on the dung of herbivorous animals; stems innovati m below the Tie apex, dichotomous, of a succulent soft texture ; em sata taper-pointed, thin and delicate, with large loose, oblong, cca nal areolz ; costa slight, ceasing below the point. ackivevee, a name used by Dioscorides plant.) 4Ul SvViuiU JIPYs MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (53) 653 1,S. ampullaceum, L. Stems }/-2! long; leaves oblong- or obo- vate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or irregularly dentate ; apophysis Were an obovate, tapering into the purplish pedicel, and twice or thrice the width of yellow capsule. — New England to Pennsylvania: rare. (Tab. IV.) ake ) 2. S. riibrum, Stems short (3/’-6/') ; leaves spatulate-obovate, long- pointed, serrate, somewhat complicate and undulate on the margins ; apophysis deep red, very large, umbrella-shaped, 7-10 times as wide as the minute cap- sule; pedicels 4/-5! long. — Maine, A. Young. :) ~ 58. TETRAPLODON, Br.&Sch. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra small, conic, entire, or split on one side and somewhat cuculliform. Operculum conical-convex, obtuse. Capsule erect, small, oval-oblong, with a solid clavate apophysis tapering into an exserted pedicel. segue cna e oubl , at in fours i i mella not emergent. Inflorescence moneecious: male flower gemmiform or capituleform, axillary or terminal.— A genus scarcely scuba from the last ; besides the above characters, the stems are more.compactly czspitose ; the apo- and consistence of the two is uniform; the cellular tissue of the leaves not so lax ; and the habitat is on animal iidesde or on the dung of carnivorous ani- mals, — (Name from retpax)éos, fourfold, and dda, tooth; the teeth of the peri- stome “ads at first in fours.) status, Br. & Sch, Stems }/-3/ long, radiculose; leaves Pa eng remote, oblong-lanceolate, produced into a long flexuous aa ob- soletely or distinctly dentate ; apophysis 0 oblon re Sai somewhat wi the capsule ; calyptra whitish, conic, cuculliform, descending to the ie: is the apophysis. — White Mountains o! ire, B. D. Greene, Oakes: Lake Superior, Loring. — A northern species. (Eu.) 2. WT. australis, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No.151.) Re- sembling very closely the last species; leaves often with 3-5 large tooth-like lobes on each side, sometimes almost pinnatifid, rarely simply dentate or nearly n ntire ; apop deeply inserted within the capsule’s mouth, the rim of which has angular-rotun (not transversely oblong) cellules; calyptra yellowish, elongated-conic, split on one side,) descending scarcely to the base of the hem ae apiculate Cords — (Splachnum oe Hook. § Wils. in Drum. 2d coll. No. 27 ; of Michz., whose plant was from Canada, and most probably belongs to ar pian specie ay se wamps, near the sea-coast, New Jersey to Florida. —It is doubtful whether this species belongs to the present, or to the last genus. (Tab. IV.) 3. IT. mnioides, Br. & Sch. Stems }/-2' high; leaves erect-patent, rather close, elliptic-oblong or gett mineteihte err ae into a long flexuous point ; capsule an leer al dark red. — Catskill aesciiaes New York, Olney. (Eu.) 55 * 654 (54) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Drv. I. Pleurocarpi. Fruit lateral on the stem or branches. (Peristome mostly double.) Tre XXIV. FONTINALES. 59. FONTINALIS, Dill. Founrarn-Moss. (Tab. IV.) ~ Calyptra small, conic, crenate or somewhat lacerate at the base. Operculum conic. Capsule ovate, oval, or cylindrical, subsessile. Seka double ; the exterior 16 linear-lanceolat ak cherng at their me in Ries bese — 16 cilia connected by cross-bars, formin Inflorescence dicecious. — Large Mosses, floating in water, and rooting at their base only ; leaves s.ranked, ecostate, with a minute linear areolation ; capsule immersed in the perichzetial leaves, oa terminal on short, lateral, supra- branches. (Name from fontinalis, a fountain, in allusion to its place of growth.) tipyrética, L. Stems 8/-12/ long, very much divided, flex ile ; leaves broadly ovate-acuminate, complicate-carinate, the margin on one side reflexed ; ee leaves wien obtuse, eroded at the sei closely embra- cing the oval capsule; inner complete tessellated cone. — Mountain rivulets, New England. ao Wanaanie § in size and color. (Tab. Iv) (Eu.) 2. FE. squamosa, L.? Smaller than No. 1; ramification more fascicu- late; leaves concave, not complicate-carinate es Mon tain streams, Southern States : without fruit.— Perhaps a different species, (Ku.) 3. EF. biférmiis, Sulliv. Leaves of two forms, those appearing in the i ov: i lute, and clothing new branches; both kinds denticulate at the apex, their basal ye — pe composed of large oblong pellucid cellules ; capsule oval ; perichetial leaves as in No. 1; operculum more é! ae as teeth of the wibinieie peristome with 18-20 articulations; cilia of the inte- rior saa igs connected at their tips only by a few cross-bars, elsewhere ott phagni- than any of the preceding ; stems reddish ; as long as the capsule ; er of the peristome more or less cleft along the me- dial line between the 12-15 articulations ; cilia granulated and connected as in No. 3.— Rivulets near sry Alabama. . EF. Lesettrii, Sulliv.. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 228.) Near the last, but a soft, flaccid, and somewhat larger species ; leaves broader, shorter, not MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (55) 655 so attenuated, nor the areolation so linear; capsule - aaah its length only 23 times its diameter, and with a pericheetial branch much longer; teeth of the 3-5, large, projecting beyond the perigonial leaves, with long paraphyses. — Falls of Little River, Lookout Mountains, Alabama, Lesquereux. — Fruit rare. 6. F. Dalecarlica, Bryol. Europ. Slender and much divided ; branch- squamosa, Drum. Musc. Amer., No. 233; Musc . Alleghan., No. 188.) — Mountains, Oakes, James; Fulton County, New Yotk, D. E. Eaton. (Eu.) 60. DICHELYMA, Myrin. Broox-Moss. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra dimidiate or cuculliform, entire at the base. um conic- trate. ule oval or oblong, pedicellate. Peristome double; the exterior 16 linear oni perforated along the medial line; the interior 16 cilia ees than the teeth, and more or less connected by cross-bars. Inflorescence dicecious. — Stems ak floating in water, sparingly divided and branched; neues 3- elongated, with a percurrent costa, those of the pericheth very cons lois age ecostate. (Name from — to divide, and €Avpa, a veil, in allusion to the cleft or cuculliform calyptra 1. D. faleatum, Myrin. Leaves lanceolate-subulate, complicate-cari- nate, falcate-secund ; the inner PPE RS leaves tie roe ees: closely wrapped around the lowe r half of the long pedicel; ca g; inner cupiianedias “ey sees caus few, widely spre ading ; leaves aie or deaminase ts ubulate from a narrow lanceolate base by the und-falcate, denticulate at the apex; those of the peri- cheeth ‘ceurvointe; oneetonlig the oval capsule which emerges laterally ; calyp- tra d imidiate, extending below the capsule, and spirally convolute; cilia of the inner peristome connected at their apices only. — Rivulets, Pe eunsylvanis and northward. (Tab. IV.) (Eu.) 3. D. palléscens, Bryol. Europ. Much like No. 2, but smaller; leaves : ; ‘i (D. m. Amer., No. 234. ritish America, Drummond. 4. D. su onearree Rr recone Stems elongated, subpinnate; branches short, widely sprea patent, lanceolate, complicate-carinate, ta, g at the enitioiatat apex; capsule cee ie short-pedicelled, con- scene ae ——— calyptra cuculliform, not ding bel tell 5: elias 0 thesia r peristome wpLCL VDOLOW fii; except at their apices. — Louisiana, Draminond. 656 (56) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Trmr XXV. CRYPHHZESR. 61. CRYPH ZA, Mohr. (Tab. V.) Calyptra conic-mitriform, papillose at the apex, s cence moneecious: antheridia oval, with long pedicels and short paraphyses. — Rather slender Mosses on trees, with leafless creeping stems and at or pendulous ‘iid a éiteinapls densely leafy branches, bearing in lines or clus umerous perichetia enveloping the capsule. (Name from kpudaios, pefeinaet in aifais to the concealed capsule.) » glomerata, W.P. Sch. The ascending branches nearly simple, 1! ini leaves crowded, when dry appressed, when = recurved-spreading, ovate-acuminate, minutely-serrulate at the apex, semi-costate, with a minute oval areolation; annulus broad; perichzetial leaves Aorckoe aye! cuspi- date. — (Daltonia wilco var. Hook. § Wils. in Drum. Muse. 2d coll. No. 99.) — Southern States: common. — Larger than the European C. "hence rid., with more crowded craig leaves, much shorter peristome, and larger spores. (Tab. V.) 2. C. mervosa, Hook & Wils. Has the aspect of No. 1; leaves when . dry erect, not appressed, with recurved margins ; costa extending to the point; - calyptra split on one side; annulus narrow; perichextial leaves longer-lanceo- late and pone on the back. — Grows with the last. 3. C. mdita, Nees. (in Neuvied Tray.) Stems pendulous, loosely pinnately- Tae d; branchlets recurved at the apex; leaves distant, oblong- lanceolate, carinate, the lower ones complicate, oblique ; costa heavy, e xcurrent, the stem: as long as the teeth. — Floating in water, and attached to the ce branch- es of trees, Wabash, Fox, and Black Rivers, Illinois. — Scarcely very probably Dychelyma subulatum, or a closely allied species. Tris XXVI. LEUCODONTE. 62. LEUCODON, Schwegr. (Tab. IV.) - Calpe aiabiiale; large, clasping the perticel, Upercatam conic-rostrate. Peri stome double ; ‘the exterior 16 linear-acuminate, whitish, granulated teeth more or less perforated along the medial line; the interior leeds 1 ogee) fb a a simple annular membrane extending $ the length of the teeth. Inflc — Species of moderate size, with a filiform and leafless creeping primary peters and numerous terete nearly simple branches, densely clothed with ovate-acumi- te lea’ (Name composed of Aevxds, white, and ddey, tooth, from the color of the outer peristome.) nn MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (57) 657 1. L. julaceus, Sulliv. Branches 8/-10" high ; leaves appressed, when dry recurved, horizontal when moist, ene: revolute on 3 areola- tion minute, oyal-rotund ; perichetial leaves as long as the pedicel. — Trees, Middle States, in districts not iain Tab. IV.) rachypus, Brid. ry like the preceding ; branches more elongated (13/- 2! pies recurved ; le ie fae longer, when dry secund; operculum longer-rostrate ; i shorter; pericheetial leaves overtopping the capsule. — Alleghany Moun 63. LEPTODON, Motr. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra dimidiate, large, hairy. Operculum conic-rostellate. res onerhiore oblong, its pedicel concealed by the large pericheth. Peristome double; the exterior 16 linear acuminate whitish teeth, more or less fissile along dicecious. — Rather stiff Mosses, with prostrate filiform naked stems, ed mostly simple and pinnated branches, densely clothed with slight leaves, having a dot-like areolation. (Name composed of Aerrés, narrow, an Oder, a omiitrion, Mohr. Main branches 13/-2/ long ; ; leaves when long as the pedicel.— In woods; forming elastic masses on the trunks of trees, sometimes on rocks; Northern and Middle States. mérsum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 234.) Ciciniirtcst smaller than the preceding; leaves not so crowded, more suddenly acuminate; capsule pianos: its mouth larger; articulations of the teeth of the peristome closer; perichzetial leaves eee (besides the pedicel) the larger portion of the capsule. — Trees, Southern States Ohioénse, Sulliv. Much like No. 1; but stems more slender and sloncabed; less regularly pinnate; leaves when moi Pg scueash resaas the costa extending to the middle. — Trees, Central Ohio. (Tab. IV.) 64. ANTITRICHIA, Brid. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic. Capsule oval, exannulate, with a aan pedicel. Peristome double; the exterior 16 lanceolate-subulate the interior 16 subulate fugacious cilia. Spores large. Inflorescence sien — A large Moss with distantly anaes wets cen _ nance or pendulous stems, and crowded broadly ovate-acuminate semi-costate leaves ; the richztial elongated and reaped (Name from dyri, opposite, and splznens a little hair, the cilia supposed to be opposite the teeth.) 1. A. curtipéndula, Brid. Leaves ciliate-serrate at the apex, recurved on the margins, plicate with 4-5 short costs at the base, the central one extend- ing beyond the middle ; cellules minute, been - the basal angles oval, disposed in ia obliga lines, idéeiehaee oblong. — Summit of Black Mountain, North Caro- lina, Lesquereux. (Tab. IV.) (Eu.) 658 (58) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) Tre XXVIL LESKER. 65. ANOMODON, saneiniaienes (Tab. V.) Calyptra cucullate. Operculum conic-rostrate. Capsule cylindrical, erect, long-pedicellate. Peristome double ; me exterior 16 subulate-lanceolate teeth ; the interior 16 cilia shorter than the tod, and connected at base by a narrow membrane. Inflorescence dicecious.— Stems prostrate, stoloniferous, micro- divided lose, with elongated, —— opaque, granulated leaves ; their areolation minute and dot-like. (Name, avopos, or and dda, tooth, from a supposed abnor- mal construction-of the peristome.) A. viticuldsus, Hook. & Tayl. Dra ott high, — domed late ; leaves secund, larger as they ascen hase, obtuse, ‘a a thick compact structure, minutely papillose on both sw rf ACES 5 costa pellucid, ceasing near the apex; annulus double, persistent. — Shaded rocks, Niagara Falls; without fruit. (Eu.) 2. Ae apiculatus, Br.& Sch. Very near the preceding, rather smaller; leaves linear-oblong from a cordate-ovate base, apiculate ; cellules with longer een hose of the basal margins slightly ciliate; costa shorter, often forked. — On old logs, Alleghany Mountains. 3. A. obtusifolius, Br. & Sch. Branches compressed, shorter than in ita: 1, less divided ; leaves 2-ranked, of a more uniform width throughout, linear- oblong, very obits; the costa shorter ; capsule elliptical ; inner peristome want- ing or rudimentary; annulus large. — Trunks of trees, near watercourses, in low grounds. ae ab. V.) muntus, Hub. Branches 1/-2! long, fasciculately ramulose ; the seca sdsaies attenuate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, sub- secund ; annulus none; peristome well developed, the cilia nearly as long as the teeth, and with 1- "7 Siteipieinl ciliole.— On rocks and roots of trees, near streams; common. (Eu.) 5. A. lomgifolius, Hartm. Distinguished from the last y its more attenuated branches, straighter and longer acuminate leaves, smaller capsule, shorter pedicel, and much less complete peristonie. — Habitat similar: said to be North American by Schimper. (Eu.) 6. A.? Toceow, Sulliy. & Lesqx. (Muse. ie ee Branches 1/- 2! long, rather stout, simple or sparingly divided, when dry circinate ; leaves lance- olate — an oblong base, reflexed on the lower —— concave below, con- @, very strongly and irregularly serrate at the point; cellules very minute, quidvete6tand, protuberant (not a ga di : costa nearly p nt and flexuous at its upper end. — Toccoa Falls, Georgia, pe are specimens marked “Neckera Nepalensis, T. T. mss., Nepal,” rig the same as those from Toccoa Falls, with imperfect fruit like that of No. 4 7. A.? tristis, Cesati. Much smaller than any of the foregoing ; branches filiform, rigid, sparingly divided ; Soe brittle, usually broken, when moist ' MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (59) 659 squarrose, somewhat ligulat inate from a broad ] base, crenulate on the margins by the large protuberent cellules ; costa ‘indistinct, ma om acing half-way. — Leskea fragilis, Hook. §- he in Drum. Mosses, 2 . No. — Hypnum triste, Mull. Synop. Muse. 2. p. 478.) — Very common thong a United States ; on trees, particularly the Hornbeam. Fruit un. known. (Eu.) 66. LESKEA, Iedw.; eo Europ. (Tab. V.) orm. Operculum conic, acuminate or rostrate. aa oval or cylindrical, pedicellate. eae. ‘pode: the iual 16 lanceola speoneee ger the interior 16 narrow cilia, as long as the teeth, arising Pa a Ann ers rescen. Stems prostrate, irregularly or subpinnately branched ; leaves of the stem and branches uniform, ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, mostly costate, smooth or papillose, with close subrotund or oval areolation aa oe for WV. 2 ay an early German botanist.) . L. polycarpa, Hedw. Monecious; stem 2! long or more, irregularly neni branches ascending, 3/-1' high; leaves Eabiornae trom aoe or secund, recurved on the margins below, Hiteagly coe near the apex; cap- sule cylindrical, slightly curved; operculum conic, acute; perichetial lenves striate. — Roots of trees, in wet places. ) 2. L. Obsctara, Hedw. Moncecious; smaller than No. 1; ramification the same; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, rather obtuse, opaque, the margins be- low recurved ; costa reaching to the apex ; aN er are rata oper- culum short, conic; cilia of the inner ~~ e perfo within reach of floods: fruits copiously. (Tab 3. L. mic sdebrioead tee” wh FP: Seb. in Fite Moncecious ; stems subpinnate ly branched ; leaves val, concaye, , Spread ing, rather lax; costa reaching ay to the poin i 1-obl te nervosa, Muse. Alleghan., No. 69.) On roots of fick: a wet woods, ead Mont- mery, Alaba plant, its leaves more spreading, not so recurved on the margins, nor so attenu- oa at the point; the costa extending higher up; capsule not cylindrical ; peri- tome smaller and lighter-colored, the interior more imperfect; and mainly the ad sliaies iffe 4. L. rostrata, Hedw. Dicecious; branches erect, crowded, fasciculate, rete; leaves closely imbricating, ovate-lanceolate, long and slenderly nate, siglo on both surfaces, the margins broadly recurved below ; costa pel- i ite. — , in dense and extensive mats, on the base of trees: frequent. (Eu.) ? denticulata, Sulliv. Dicecious; branches ascending, crowded, scaniewhiat compressed ; leaves closely ‘cohetintiie, slightly secund, concave, ovate, suddenly and rather long acuminate, denticulate, ecostate; areolation oval; capsule oblong; aan ae eser (Muse. Alleghan., No. 62.) — Base of trees in the tern States: fruit very rare, fei tn Seal sepa, paleopr peer 660 (60) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 67. CLASMATODON, Hook. & Wils. (Tab. V.) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostellate. Capsule oval, erect, pedi- cellate. Peristome Regie : teeth 16, short, 1 -2-divided into irregular segments, remotely articulated. Annulus large, husoek: somewhat persistent. Spores 1 £ small i i i : oO ne, irregularly branched stems, and broadly ovate-acuminate semi-costate leaves, of an oval-elliptical areolation. — (Name from KAdopa, a fragment, and édeyv, tooth, descriptive of the peristome.) rvulus, (Hampe,) Hook. & Wils. Leaves concave, pai vula, Hampe. LL. Sullivantii, Bryol. Europ.? Anisodon tenuirostris, Bryol. urop. Clasmatodon pie, Hook. ! “ or ‘the bark of trees, in dry places, or on their roots in loc t : very common in the uthern States. — A variable sisi, " (Tab. NV.) ‘Tre XXVIU. THELIER. 68. THELIA, Sulliv. mort tra cuculliform, narrow. Operculum conic, rostrate. Capsule ovate- drical, erect, pedi te. Peris tome double; the dias 16 long, linear- mult, — rg distantly articulated teeth; the interior a carinate the length of the teeth, with or without rudimentary cilia. — Growing in compact glaucous: or yellowish-green mats ; stems villous with a radicular tom imexieamy, cree , throwing up densely crowded sho slenderly pointed leaves, composed of pellucid elliptical and conspicuously uni- papillate ihe (Name from @7An, a papilla, referring to the prominent pa- pills of the leaf.) Ma, (Hedw.) Sulliv. — Leaves inclining to a dark yello ng e bac k, the papilla e sonennd, curved, simple ; pekichielial eaves Sa (Pestepanine drum hirtellum, Hedw.)— Roots and trunks of 2. 'T. asprélla, (Schimp.) Sulliv.— Growing with No. 1, formerly con- founded with it; distinguished by the glaucous-green color of its leaves, their papill nies at the apex 5 and by the narrower, _ and nodose teeth of the peristome, an (Lesk i P. Sch.) — Northern and “Middle Sic and westward. 3. ms Lesetirii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 249.) Near the last species ; ramification more fasciculate, not so condensed ; the branches longer; leaves pesimaeinsites with a bluish tinge, shorter, hoonier, not so acuminate, the areolation much smaller, not so pellucid, the papille 3-lobed at the apex; pedicel twice as long; capsule longer, often slightly curved, the mouth with a MUSCI. (MOSSES.) — (61) 661 broad reddish rim ; teeth of the peristome not nodose; inner peristome better ae the short carinate cilia quite evident; perichztial leaves yellowish. —Dry, sandy and hilly oie in thin woods, never on trees.— Southern States, aie oak 69. MWURELLA, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. V.) Calyptra cuculliform, narrow. Operculum convex-conic, obtuse, large. Cap- sule oval or obovate-oval, with a short and tumid erect collum, pedicellate, an- est Peristome a Serasgbrag as in Hypnum ; the ciliole, say very hort, often absent. s.— Small, subalpine, glaucous green, asthe tufted icatinn : with erect, sparingly sek ‘apse: sooner stems ; and closel y imbricating , subrotund, ecosta pap leaves, composed of pellucid rhombic . cellules. 1. MI. Careyima, Sulliv. Stems slender, branched by innovations ; leaves very concave, with a short filiform point, strongly papillose on the back, and ciliate-dentate on the margins; perichetia orange-red, leaves smooth, nar- sak lanceolate, filiformly « acuminate, the margins at the upper end of the lami- fringed. — High moun , Bare England, J. Carey: Pennsylvania, Les- quereux: North Carolina Pioese Miuntain), Gray § Sullivant. — The cs other species of this genus, M. ged and M. apiculata, were collected in British America by Pranisad (Tab. Trix XXIX. FABRONIEZ. 70. FABRONIA, Raddi. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, acuminate. pe Capsule pyriform, erect, pedicellate ; its mouth ela Peristome single (in No. 4 absent) ; the slice 16 linear-lanceolate teeth approximated in pairs, when dry reflexed. Inflorescence moncecious. — Minute species, in habit and size, with pros’ and erect crowded subfasciculate branches; lea ceolate, liformly acuminate, dentate or ciliate, semi-costate areolation lax, pellu- cid, the cell e basal angles quadrate, elsewhere larger and rhomboidal, with spanagener piss rdial utricles : same tion of the capsule-wall quadrate, flexuous. (Named after Fabroni, an Italian botanist.) 1. EF. iacacoia Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 251.) Capsule oblong- pyriform ; operculum conic-rostellate ; teeth of the peristome light amen low; the vaginula concealed by the gradually acuminated perichztia’ 1 leaves. Marcos, Texas, Wright. — Near the ane F. octoblepharis ; but that species has a mamellate operculum, wnish-red peristomial — leaves with more numerous quadrate alar cellules, so an emergent vagin 2. EF. Ravenélii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 252.) Leaves of a clear rie 2 aed color, closely imbricating, entire on the margins, or occasionally with a few teeth; costa distinct, extending beyond pin middle ; pericheetial leaves numerous, dentate, gradually acuminate ; vaginula as in No.1; of the rather short, dusky yellow ; sporules large. tla peainertiad Carolina, Ravenel. ~~ J 662 (62) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 3. F. Caroliniana, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 253.) a apsule, operculum, peristome, and agremeregen is in the last species ; leaves ee A dentate on the m with a less conspicuous costa ; aller. — On decayed logs, near the Santee Canal, South Carolina, . FE. gymnéstoma, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 254.) Leaves whitish-green, elliptical-lanceolate, dentate-ciliate ; costa reaching half- way or obsolete; perichsetial leaves few, short, obovate, suildeiily subulate-acu- ete capsule broad-oval, shortly apophysated ; peristome none. — Santa Fe, New Mexico, Fendler. 71. ANACAMPTODON, Brid. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra conic-cuculliform. Operculum conic-subrostellate. Capsule oval, erect, pedicellate. Peristome double; the exterior 16 narrowly lanceolate teeth, ooth i a name) ; the interior 16 slender cilia, without a basilar membrane. Inflorescence moneecious. — Low, cxspitose, with irregularly branched stems, and spreading ovate-lanceolate aR leaves, of a rather loose and pellucid rhombic areo- lation. Lpleme from dvaxdprra, to bend back, and ddav, a tooth.) 1. A. splachnoides, B rid. Cilia of the inner peristome always seen capsule when dry much constricted below the mouth; foliage deep green. —In the forks and open hollow knots of partly decayed trees: rare, though its range is extensive. (Tab. IV.) (Eu.) Tre XXX. PYLAISZES. 72. PWLAIS2ZEA, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. IV.) Calyptra cuculliform, rostrate. Operculum conic, more or less rostellate. Capsule oblong, erect, pedicellate. us narrow, simple. Peristome double: the exterior 16 ea RES teeth inserted Lerssind the mene oe ne caps sule ; the interior as in Leskea, but with the cilia more keel or a cae adherent x and snort the teeth ; ciliolse rudimentary or or none. Inflorescence moncecious: male flower gemmiform, axillary.— Small species, fruiting abundantly, with glossy, concave, sagul closely ory , areolated and ecostate leaves ; their alar cellules n numerous , small, quadrate, opaque. (Named for B. de la Pylaie, a French botanist.) 1. P. denticulata, W. P. Sch. Grows in closely entangled mats,; branches crowded, short, ascending; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, slightly a ticulate at the apex ; capsule oblong-cylindrical ; pedicels 8 3-5! a. opercu- lum with a rostrum about as long as the conic base; inner peristome firm, yel- s basilar membrane broad; sporules bright et smooth, about 309 of a line i diameter. — Bark of trees, Columbus, Ohio ; 2. P. intricata, Bryol. Europ. Size and mode of growth much as in the last ; branches short, recurved ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (63) 663 entire, more or less secund ; capsule oval or ovate-oblong, its mouth small; pedicels 5-7! high; operculum conic, scarcely rostellate; inner peristome a ceol Bartramia; sporules light a their diameter one half greater than in No. 1.—(Pterigynandrum intricatum, Hedw.) — Trees and logs; common. (Tab. IV.) 3. P. velutima, W.P. Sch. Exceedingly like and perasee' ala with No. 2; leaves with fewer quadrate alar cells; capsule ¢ larger ; extcedbeis m decidedly rostellate ; teeth of the peristome more coe ar- batons porraee bordered their ‘whole length by t Tr peristome ; sporules dark yell erat granulated, wl a dant twice as great as in the first species. Bex g s, Columbus, (P. PoLYANTHA, a common ashi ciate aaa found in British America y Drummond, has the peristome of No, 1, with the capsule and short-conic operculum of No. 2.) 73. HOMALOTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ. (partly.) (Tab. V.) Calyptra cuculliform, hairy. Operculum conic, subrostellate. Capsule ovate- cylindrical, regular and erect, or = eb e and incurved, pedicellate, annulate Peristome double; the exterior 6 linear- lanceolate teeth, with clos 2 Wticala- prostrate, closely and pinnately branched leaves shining, costate, serrulate, with an Drader areolation. — (Name from éuadds, — and Onxn, a capsule ; applicable to the type ners hs genus, Leskea sericea, Hedw.) 1. H. subcapillataum, Bryol. Europ. Monecious; leaves elliptical or obovate-elliptical, suddenly acuminated, not striate, serrulate ; costa single or forked, aoe half-way ; at aha ugh ; ave cs slightly incurved ; Schweegr. t. 110. Pterigynandrum brachycladon, Bria Bryol. Univ. 2. p. 185.) — A small species resembling Pylaiszea intricata, and growing with it on trees: common. (Tab. V.) 74. PLAT YGYRIUM, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. V.) Calyptra cuculliform, elongated, slightly spiral. Operculum conic, short-ros- rect, pedice ee membrane obsolete. Annulus very large. Inflorescence diecious. — Rai species, with prostrate closely entangled subpinnate pest and blog Halbiliie iébitate leaves, with a linear areolation. — (Name composed of m\arts, large, and yupés, ring, referring to the annulus.) 1. P. répens, Bryol. Europ. Branches short, rather julaceous, ascend- or * 664 eo G. _ Muscr. (MOSSES:) ites pedis 5! — 6H Mane leaves reflexed on m the n ins, — (Neckera brachy- ull. ae d fences, logs, &e., orming dense brownish- — pain Fruits chandlls, (Tab. V.) (.) —s Teme XXXL oXLINDROTHECIE. ss 75. CYLINDROTHECIUM, Bryol Europ. (Tab. V.) Calyptra dimidiate, iow; elongated. Operculum conic-rostellate. Capsule cylindrical, erect, pediedlla te, annulate. Peristome double ; the exterior 16 lin- ear distantly articulated teeth ; the interior 16 narrow carinate cilia, connected at the e b: a -yery narrow membrane. Columella usually exserted. Inflores- cence ee oe Da =e pares, yg te and usually compressed d ae a minute linear trans- wide areoiation. (Name Horii adios. a pte and @yxn, a litile case, referring to the shape of tHe capsule.) * Pedicels reddish. Cc. cladorrhizans, Bryol. Europ. Stems 2/-3’ long; sparingly iS Siakauabds branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, sake serrulate at the concave, indistinctly bicos at the base; operculum conic, with a thick iites rostrum. — Woods, on old bogs, in large mats. Conspicuous by the broad flat branches, and To foliage, dashed with bright brown; very com- mon. (Tab. ¥;) 2. €. scmaeteny; Bryol. Europ. Separated from No. 1 by its less com- pressed, almost cylindrical stems and branches, (Fruits much more abundantly, and affects humid situations.) — Margins of swamps, on old logs and roots of trees. —Its numerous dark-red pedicels give it a striking charac . C. compréssum, Bryol. Europ. Near No. 1, but distinguished = its smaller : size ; more compressed branches ; the leaves loosely imbricating, mo of trees, on river-banks, subject to inundation, Central Ohio: rare. 4. C. Sullivantii, (C. Mull.) Bryol. Europ. A more slender species than aa of the preceding ; stems and branches elongated, narrow, and quite flat ; leayes laxly imbricating, as cibeiaaieats, short-pointed ; annulus er a ; opereulum vith a slender acute rostrum. — (Neckera Sullivantii, Mull. Synop p- 65, 1850. C. gracilescens, W. P. Schimper, Bryol. Europ. fasc. 46, 47, he — On stones, near the surface of the ground; banks of the French Broad River, North Carolina. %* * Pedicels yellowish. 5. C. Drummon WE. wens — the size ™ 1, which it much resembles; but its stems and bra’ ; leaves not so closely imbricating ; teeth of the peniatbeai perforated alone the alii line, more distantly articulated ; sporules half the size ; oe say obsolete. — . cladorrhizans, Hook. § Wils. in Drum. 2d coll. No. C. Rugelianum. W. P. Sch.?)—North Carolina, Ravenel: Texas, Wright. MUSCI. (mossEs.) (65) 665 6. C. Drovisitumy Biel: Tis. etston subfasciculate ; bran ches ea terete ; ‘Ieaves crowded} ova d oblong-ovate, the point ex- tended and suber tiie thie margins sliguttjorelexed ; annulus large ; inner peristome abortive, or ami embrané lining the teeth. — Dry placesyon trees, &e., Western and Southern Steal not common. Fruits sparingly; . Trise XXXIL NECKERE. 76. NECKERA, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. (Tab. Vv) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum grils, yostellaie: Capsule oval, erect, cellate, immersed or exserted. ; the e exterior 16.10 ong mt ear-acuminate teeth ; the interior 16 subulate cilia, more or'] vel basilar membrane very narrow. Inflorescence monecious or dicecious. _ large species, conspicuous for their flat broad stems, and shining, com ovate-lanceolate, scarcely costate, and mostly transyersely undulate ws of a thin, smooth texture, and a minute elongated-rhomboidal areolation. (Named for NV. J. Necker.) 1. N. pemnata, Hedw. Monecious ; branchlets obtuse; leaves acumi- nate ; capsule immersed in the long perichextial leaves ; cilia of the inner peri- stome obsolete or rudimentary. — of trees; common in mountainous districts. (Tab. V.) (Eu.) 2. N. complanata, Bryol. Europ. Dicecious ; branches often attenu- ated, flagelliform ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, not undulate ; capsule long-pedicelled, exserted ; peristome wit a half as long as the teeth. — (Les- kea ae, oo ata, Hedw.) — On rocks, New England, Alleghany Mountains, and Tennesse (En.) 7. OMALINA, (Brid.) Bryol. Europ. (Tab. V.) Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, rostellate. Capsule oblong, erect, or se cernuous, pedicellate. ha ape in Hypnum. Inflore rescerine moncecious. — Ramification irregular; stems and branches flat, interruptedly leafy ; sae complanate, ovate-oblong, semi-costate, obtuse, apiculate, shining, with a minute rhombic areolation. (Name from dpadds, flat, referring to the stems and branches.) (Tab. V.) 1. O. trichomanoides, (Brid.) Bryol. Europ. Main branches ascend- ing, arcuate-incurved, irregularly ramulose ; leaves often somewhat falciform, lax, pale-green, serrulate above ; capsule oval-oblong ; ciliolee of the inner peri- stome rudimentary or absent. — On rocks, about Yoke’ Superior, but rare, Drum- mond. (Eu.) 2. O. Jamesiana, W. P. Sch. niss. Found by Mr. Thomas P. James on the White Mountains, New Hampshire, and on the Catskill Mountains, New York. —(Hypnum trichomanoides, James, Enum.) — We have seen no deserip- tion of this species, and our specimens are too imperfect (being without fruit) to exhibit the distinctive 3. O.t Wrightii, sale (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 269.) Stems pros- 666 (66) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) rooting copiously from the under ee Agee dark-green, somewhat close, soviet at the apex; costa extending more than half-way ; Se cylindri- cal; ‘ciliole of the inner ee long ; ‘Gua conic, shortly rostrate. — On the roots of trees, San Antonio, Texas, Wright: also Santa Fé, New Mex- ico, Fendler. (Tab. V.) Trier XXXII. HOOKERIES. 78. HOOKERIA, Smith. (Tab. V.) Calyptra conic-mitriform, shortly a om sg Shes ores um. conic-rostrate. Capsule oval, horizontal, pedicellate ; the exterior 16 linear- late and closely articulated sieth ; the interior 16 carinate lanceolate-subu- late cilia, arising from a broad plicate membrane. Inflorescence moncecious Large and handsome species, with an siete paren ramification, broad aca flat stems and branches, and complanate shining siettbeaibeldas Teavil, of a Hookeria lucens, with ecostate and obtuse leaves, which has not been detected on this continent, except in Oregon.) 1. H. acutifolia, Hook.? Grows on the ground, beneath dripping fruit,) agree well with H. acutifolia, Hook., an East-Indian gates which appeai to differ from H. lucens, Smith, only in its acute leaves. Trine XXXIV. CLIMACIES. 79. CLIMACKIUM, Web.& Mohr. (Tab. V.) ka dimidiate, somewhat twisted, long, embracing the top of the pedicel. culum conic-rostellate. Capsule aaa or cylindrical, erect, long-ped- ‘eae: Peristome double; the exterior 16 linear-lanceolate, closely articul teeth ; the interior 16 linear-lanceolate, porte lacunose cilia, connected at the base by a very narrow membrane. Columella emergent. Inflorescence dice- cious. — Large and striking Mosses, of a tree-like aspect. — (Name from KAiud- ko, a little ladder, from the appearance of the cilia of the inner peristome.) 1. C. Americanum, Brid. Main stems rhizoma-like, subterrancous ; — — = high), a — furnished with small and branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, auriculate at the base, concave, plicate, costate nearly to the apex, serrate above, with a minute elliptical areolation ; capsule cylindrical. — On the ground, or on very much decayed logs, in moist shady woods. (Tab. V.) (Eu.) €. pENDROIpES, Web. & Mohr., (common in Europe,) with a shorter and oval- oon ii obtuse branchlets, and leaves not dilated at the base, occurs in Brit rica, Drummond; and probably on the White Mountains, New ces. Hampshir MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (67) 667 Trisr XXXV. HYPNES. SO. HYPNUM, Dil. (Tab. V.) tra dimidiate, small, fugacious. Operculum re igi hemispherical- apiculate and conic-rostrate. Capsule ovate or cylindrical, more or less une- qual, usually arcuate-cernuous. Peristom e double ; the eae 16 linear-lan- fi 3 orescence monecious, dicecious, or polygamous.—A genus, as generally received, embracing a very large number of species, which, presenting in habit cture great diversity, may for the most part be combined into natural groups, many of them seemingly of generic value. (‘Ymvoy, an ancient Greek name for some sort of Moss §1. THU{DIUM, Bryol. Europ. cea etd ee l gees Ga i I branchlets ovate, long lista all papillose ; areolation dot-like, granulated, opaque ; costa subcontinuous, : capsule oblong-oval, or cylindrical, more or ieee cernuous: opercul or conic-rostrate. 1. H. tamariscinum, Hedw. Dicecious ; stems prostrate ; ramification closely 3-pinnate ; stem-leaves with reflexed and crenulate-denticulate margins ; branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate ; perichetial leaves fringed on the margin ; oper- conic-rostrate. On the ground and old lo ogs. — A large and very com- i Eu.) 2. H. delicdatulum, L. Diccious; very much like the preceding, but its ramification only 2-pinnate ; opercubdin conic, acuminate, not rostrate ; pericheetial leaves not fringed. —On the ground, in dry places. — Mountains of Pennsylvania: rare. (Eu.) : lum, Hedw. Moncecious; smaller than the preceding, with a simply pinnate ramification ; capsule horizontal, oval, nearly regular ; operculum large, convex-conic, with a long slender beak. — On decayed logs, in woods ; not rare. ai 4. H. pygm@z#uma, Bryol. Europ. (Muse. Bor.-Amer. No. 275.) Much smaller than the last ; Casein 2-pinnate ; leaves more suddenly acuminated ; pericheetial leaves longaid, with a more lax reticulation. — Shaded ravines, on limestone rocks, Central Ohio; growing with H. minutissimum.— Among the smallest of the Hypna. 5. Hi. scitumm, Beauv. Monecious; intermediate in size between No. 2 and 3; ramification pinnate ; easily recognized by its cylindrical, nearly regu- lar, and erect capsule, with a conical, shortly rostrate operculum. — Hilly dis- tricts, pra of trees, particularly the Beech. gracile, Br. & Sch. Moneecious; size and ramification as in the a a oblong, incurved-cernuous ; operculum convex-conic, apiculate. — 668 (68) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) On decayed logs, in deep woods. — Varies in the papilloseness of the leaves and lina on brick walls, is smaller in ne? leaves more papillose ; capil nore slender, and with a longer conic, acute eee a a strikingly cygheus pedicel : perhaps pecies. ce 7. Hi. abietinum, L. Diccious; stems erect, ion and dichoto- mously divided, simply pinnate; branchlets attenuated ; capsule cylin amas slightly incurved ; operculum conic. — Mts. of New England. § 2. ELODIUM, Sulliv. — Stems villous, ascending, 1-2-divided, distantly pin- nate: “branchlets subcompressed : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, not papillose, striate ; reolation elongated: omboidal : costa continuous: capsule oblong, cernuous : oper- culum convex-conic. 8. Hi. paluddsum, Sulliv. Dicecious; stems 3/—4! long; leaves yel- fiat with a cordate-concave base, the margins recurved, entire. — Swamps, Northern and Middle States. §3. HYLO OCOMIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems villous, arcuate-ascending ; divis- ions few, irregularly pinnate ; i broadly —— more or less acuminate, squarrose or reflexed, shortly bicostate ; areolation capsule short, turgid, hori- zontal, annulate : ena short-conie or aan : large and robust species. 9. H. squarrdsum, L. Diccious; leaves pale green, shining, long- lanceolate from an ovate concave loosely imbricating base, acuminate, subden- ticulate; capsule Part goa operculum aie Saag apiculate. — Wet, grassy places, woodlands ennsylvania. — Seldo: its. (Hu.) 10. Hi. triqueé L. Dic ; divisions of the stem somewhat aye the branchlets elongated, tes, acute ; leaves bright green, shin- g, from a broadly triangular-lanceo. narrow base, suleate, sparsely ome be on Pm back, dentate at the apex ; capes oval, gibbous ; opercul mammillate. — On the ground, in woods. — The largest of our Hypna. (E a.) . H. breviréstre, Ehrh. Diccious; the branches subfasciculately ery stem-leaves broadly Gages suddenly acuminate, decurrent, sul- cate ; branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate, sii ; capsule ventricose-ovate ; operculum conic-rostellate. — Rocks, Sd base of trees, Alleghany Mountains. — Foliage greenish-yellow : smaller than the last two species. (Eu.) § 4. PLEUROZIUM, Sulliv. — Stems villous, arcuate-prostrate, increasing by an- oblong-ovate, inate, or semicostate ; areolation linear-flexuous : capsule ieiaiidiconahe: operculum conic, 12. Hi. splémdens, Hedw. Dicecious; stems 3/-6! long, composed of 3-5 distinct, closely bipinnate, frond-like growths or innovations; stem-leaves broadly ovate-oblong, cirrhose-acuminate, shortly 2-costate, serrulate ; opercu- — On the ground, in woods. (Eu.) 13. H. umbratum, Ehbrh. Diccious; stems teri and. bipin- nately sedi ageaatarrnsserein leaves cordate, acuminate, , bi MUSCI. (MOSSES.). (69) 669 tate at the base, serrate eyenen: a 5 ae rocks; Alleghany mae (Eu.) 4. H. Oakésii, Sulliv. (1848, adi Meni! Amer., ror n. ser. 4, p. tea t. 5.) Diccious stems with elongated, arcuate, subeom , distantly se i chlets incurved; leaves ovate-obk acuminate, te, semicostate, the upper half sharp i dentate ; capsul kand. Flora, 1849. H..Pyrenaicum, Spruce, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1849.) — White Mountains of New Hampshire, Oakes. — Intermediate between H. umbratum and H. brevirostre; larger than either. (Eu). , §5. THAMNIUM, Bryol. Europ.— Primary stems rhizoma-like ; secondary ones arcuate-erect, below leafless, above simple, flat-branched, somewhat dendroid + lea eaves ovate-lanceolate ; areolation minute, elliptical ; costa stout; subcontinuous : cap turgi : operculum rostrate rgid, suboval, unequal, cern : pedicels short, aggregated. 15. H. Alleghaniénse, C. Mull. Hermaphrodite; leaves dark green, ee A scarcely ro rostrate ; pedicels 6-7" long; perichetial leaves filiformly a’ ed — Mountains of New England, Oakes, Frost, James, Eaton. — oyna the last species ; but that is twice as 1 and has more elongated, s ‘ membranous, pe distant, and less concave leaves, with a more sey sur- he h, ramification, and operculum separate it from H. hian: § 18. CAMPYLIUM, Sulliv. — Stems prostrate, with an irregular, crowded ra Pires or ascending and fastigiately branched : leaves suddenly inn from a broadly ovate base, subsquarrose, scarcely costate, pageant Rte cea han Aue: capsule indrical, erect-cernuous : Op ex: 67. HA. steliatuum, Schreb. Dicecious ; stems ascending, fastigiately branched, 3/-4/ high, rather eed leaves deltoid-ovate, long-acuminate, entire, soraee the margins reflexed below, the basal angles excavated and furni ished th large diaphanous cellules S Bigs te and marshes: grows in compact turfs. wWrait rare: foliage eltwith, shining. (Eu.) 68. H. polymérphum, Bryol. Europ. Diccious ; a more slender than the preceding ; stems procumbent, subpinnately ramulose ; leaves contateorae at the base, entire, less squarrose, unicostate half-way ; without us cellules at the basal angles. — Moist and shaded clayey banks. (Eu.) 69. HI. hispiduluma, Brid. Moncecious, much smaller than the last ; trees, or on the ground; rocky hill-sides : forming close bright-green mats. $19. HETEROCLADIUM, ae Europ. ane gece divided, radicu- ly ramulose : leaves of two forms ; the rete ‘Tangenjees te-lanceolate; squarrose ; the ramuline roundish-ovate, = suberect ; all denticulate and obscurely Sitnitats at the base, more or less papillose central areole larger, oblong-hexagonal, the marginal subquadrate: capsule dinng, cernuous : operculum conic, obtuse or slightly rostellate. 70. HW. dimérphum, Brid. Diccious; stems 1/- -2! long, filiform, rigid, fragile, with minute, opaque, dark green and lustreless leaves. — Dry shaded seit Ellis River, White Mountains of New Hampshire, James. (Eu.) § 20. AMBLYSTEGIUM, Bryol. Europ.— Stems creeping, much and irregu- larly branched : leaves erect-patent, rarely hferiously nasa ovate and ovate-lan- ceolate, mostly entire; areolation hexagonal-rhomboi sta variable: capsule oblong or cylindrical, more or less curved : operculum conver-conic. 71. Hi. saibtile, -Hoffm. aight branches crowded, erect; leay “distant, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, spreading or slightly secund, with a loose areolation; capsule oblong, stati or slightly cernuous ; ome um large, apiculate ; the basal membrane of the internal peristome narrow ; ciliolee absent. — Trees, New England. — A very minute species. (Eu.) 57 * 678 (78) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 72. H. minutissimum, Sulliy. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer. No. 343 é) Moneecious ; — - ores irregularly branched ; leaves ecostate, subentire, those of the y lanceolate from a broadly ovate base, widely spread- ing ; branch-leaves heath. abate, linear-lanceolate, subappressed ; capsule obo- vate, inclined, cernuous; operculum large, hemis erical-conic, apiculate ; an. n d irregularly serrate. (Muse, Alleghan. No. 31.) — Grows bie H. pygme- um, in close, thin, deep-green strata, on limestone rocks; in vines, Penn. and sage — The smallest of our Hypna. oe por to H. confer- voides, Schwegr., and H. Sprucei, Bruch: the first is twice as large, and has a pinnate raked: an oblong capsule, and entire jatidiniilh leaves : the second is dicecious, with ciliate-dentate perichxtial leaves; but in all other respects (even in the capsule, which is seepage described as erect and regular) it approaches very near to this species 73. H. adnatum, Hedw. Moncecious; leaves closely imbricated, ovate and ovate-lanceolate, seiitaiy acuminated, concave, shortly bicostate, the mar- gins nearly entire and reflexed below; capsule oblong, erect-cernuous ; perich- tial leaves irregularly denticulate.— A small species, growing in thin, close mats, on stones near the surface of the ground ; seldom on t 74. A. w oncecious; stems sparingly ge closely ranches simple, filiform, unequal, flexuous-erect ; lea ding, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or obsoletely serrulate, costate ah if- way ; areolation rather large and pellucid ; capsule elongated-cylindrical, cernu- ous-incurved, broadly annulate.— On rocks, decayed logs, and the d. Subject to many varieties. (Eu.) 75. Hi. radicale, Brid. (Bryol. Europ.) Moneecious; closely related to the preceding, but larger and more rigid ; leaves entire, lon mger and more suddenly acuminated from a broader and rounder ase, with a stouter costa extending to the apex ; areolation closer. (H. ees pu authors.) — Same localities as the last ; likewise very variable. — (In Bryol. Europ. a new species, Amblystegium serratum, near my is indicated, with at strongly serrated leaves and a shorter costa: founded on specimens from Reading, Penn.) (Eu.) 76. H. orthécladon, ‘ane Moneecious ; larger than H. radicale, i d cid, entire, shorter-acuminate from a broad cordate base ; costa continuous ; areolation smaller. — Wet springy places. 77. Hi. noteré6philum, Sulliy. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor. -Amer. No. 34 Moneecious ; divisions of the stem with an irregular pinnate ramification ; seins of the fertile stems broadly ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, erect-spre ading, with a strong excurrent costa; those of the thick and firm immersed sterile stems erect, appressed, narrowly linear-lanceolate, graduall tapering from an ovate base, long-cuspidate by the heavy costa, which occupies nearly 4 of the lamina ; capsule elongated-cylindrical, erect-incurved, n narrowly annulate. (H. fluviatile, James, in Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1855. ) — Abounds in lime- stone springs, Franklin County, Penn., Prof. Porter.— A stout, Pay dark- green Moss, resembling Amblystegium irriguum, var. fallax, Br ryol. Europ . MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (79) 679 6, emend., but is a on plant, the leaves narrower and entire, with a much son costa. The true Swartzian H. fluviatile of Wils. Bryol. Brit.; Bryol. Europ. fase. 62-64, is a — _ flaccid plant, the ramification not pinnate. H. noterophilum not i. Pig var. on allisclausze, il Brit. (H. Vallisclause, Brid. ), but differs in the inflores 7 riparium, Hedw. Moncecious; stems as elongated, the di- visions distantly and eeapiomataly. branched ‘eaves usually remote, bifariously directed, ovate and oblong-lanceolate, acumina , entire, costate half-way ; thin ; areolation minute, nent chomboldal 5 ; ee ebiong, cernuous. — Common about swamps ; also on stones in ri ite variable.. (Eu.) 79. Hi. p Wailition Bryol. Europ. Staminate, ees and her- maphrodite flowers in clusters, and on the same stem; stems procumbent or ascending, irregularly and span aa leaves aah spreading, sub- squarrose, long and subulately acumina m a concave, cordate, or ovate- lanceolate base, the point vattendaly directed, rior half-way, or more or less distinctly bicostate at the base, scarious ; areolation minute, linear ; the cellules the decurrent angles enlarged, oblong ; capsule oblong, cernuous, broadly ate. — Swamps, British America, Drummond.— Very much like H. stel- latum, but somewhat smaller, and not so harsh a species. 80. MH. Lescitrii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.- -Amer. No. 350.) Moncecious ; cernuous, broadly annulate ; operculum acutely conic.— On wet rocks, Tallu- lah Falls, Georgia, Lesquereux. Also Brattleborough, Vermont, F rost. § 21. PLAGIOTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems procumbent or erect, spar- ingly branched ; branches usually subcompressed or complanate, elongated, assurgent, mostly simple: leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, more or less unsymmetrical, ecos- tate or shortly bicostate ; areolation elongated-rhomboidal, or linear and flecuous : capsule oblique, oulindrical, ne curved, sometimes oblong, erect, and equal. Inflorescence monecious. . fone tes , L. Stems prostrate, 2’—3/ long, stoloniferous ; a obliquely ovate- pri see shortly bicostate, rea t, the margins nar- wly reflexed; areolation narrow and elongated ; capsule oblong inclined ; us but it is 08 with an upright growth, and an erect regular and narrowly annul according ‘wall with Plagiothecium letum, as given in Bryol. Europ. ey except “bey its inner peristome is ciliolate, and even in this respect not from specimens received from W. P. Schimper under mie name. (Eu.) i i | ovate-lance- olate, long-acuminate, subsecund, serrulate, shortly —— decurrent ; cel- lules at the basal angles large and inflated, elsewhere much smaller, elongated- 680 (80) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) rhomboidal; capsule suberect or poate? Het tapering at the base, slightly peace broadly sae py operculum -conic. — Alleghany Mountains, on rocks and the groun talwum, Hook. & Wils. Habit, ramification, and size of No. d gated, linear, flexuous areolatio margins erect; capsule strikingly small for the size of the plant, shoreobang ‘oblique, ap Nin incurved ; operculum ouisiana, Dr S. Mosses, No. 110: Augusta, Georgia, Gray. — When immersed in warm ‘eiaat it imparts to it a beautiful saffron color. Inflorescence dicecious 84. H. sylvaticum, me Resembles very awa No. 81, but, besides its different inflorescence, Madnendalisd by its somewhat larger size; leaves more elongated and less acuminated, with a wider and laxer areolation, the margins not reflexed; capsule cylindrical; annulus narrow and simple ; pedicels pale ; operculum much longer, and distinctly ae — White Mountains of New Hampshire, Oakes: rare. — Subject to varieties. (Eu.) 85. Hi. Sullivantia, W. P. Sch. Mode of growth upright; branches octal brea leaves closely imbricating, ovate, narrowly acuminate, with te flexuous-linear areolation ; capsule erect, regular; annulus large ; pedicels Saad; ; ae elongated-conic.— On rocks, in dense woods, Central and Southern Ohio. 86. élegans, Hook. Stems and branches prostrate, flat; leaves plane, eS rae ate, with a slender and distantly serrulate point; areolation as in ast species; capsule oval, more or less pendulous ; operculum conic-rostel- fie —White Mountains of New Hampshire, James.—Foliage retaining its brilliancy when dried. (Eu.) *,* ADDITIONS TO MUSCL To page 618. 3. Seligeria ae Br. & Sch. In size and general appearance v' tke S. tristicha and S. recurvata; distinguished from the first by its leaves spreading every way (not pair and from the second by its erect (not curved) pedicel. —St. Louis, Drummond, S. Mosses, No. 35. ( a.) To p. 627. 9. Barbula agra Hedw. Stems short (1’-2” high); leaves ‘shed oblong, shortly acuminate, concave, the rag ee not reflexed ; costa ng, ceasing at the apex; capsule cy. tindrical, lightly curved, annulat ‘ribbed when rie peers 4! —6/! high. — Apala ae Florida, eres s Mosses, No. 64. — The striking feature of this species is the ribbed caps 10. B. Ry” imm. Moneecious; stems czspitose, ae leaves oblong, obtuse, subspatulate m narrowly re d; costa excurrent argins into a long and smooth ‘awa crane capsule erect, oblong, symmetrical ; teeth of the peristome much contorted, with a narrow basilar membrane. — New Orleans, Drummond, S. Mosses, No. 63. (Ku.) MUSCI. (MOSSES.) (81) 681 To p. 628. . Didymo odon cylindricus, Br. & Sch. Diccious ; stems cespi- a 4!'-10" high, branched ; leaves a TTI spreading, fiexuous, i more or less undulate on the plane margins, co e apex ; capsule nar- rowly cylindrical, annulate, its walls thin ; ose site yellowish ; zy abe ros from a conic base; teeth of the peristome remotely articulated. — Ches- ter County, Pennsylvania, James. 10. Mnium spinuldsum, Bryol. Europ. Hermaphrodite, cxspitose ; stems 1/-1}/ high, radiculose ; lower leaves coer remote, reddish, obovate ; upper leaves large, crowded, bright green, dec t, broadly obovate and ob- long-spatulate, shortly acuminate, with a ick, doubly spnalose-entat border; capsule oval, nerd endulous ; ope pedicels aggregated. ountains of New pshire, James. — Vi ery near M. spinosum, Bryol Pe .; found in British America by Drummond, but that has a dicecious inflorescence. To p. 655. Pilétrichum cymbifdlium, n. sp. Diccious; main stems 2! -3' a izoma-like, creeping, filiform, sparingly radiculose, with distant minute ping; -lanceolate ries scarcely visible to the naked eye ; primary Rainier faites slender, erect, 1/-14/ long, simple or irregularly and pinnately ra lose; leaves pale green, closely imbricated in 5 distinct spiral rows, case ie. strongly cymbiform-concave, their upper half with the margins m p ' oS et i] ° 4 f=") ° La rs p Bs ° c= & f=") it io for) = = 8. B co =>) & 8 S 3 3 Bae 5B aS z ° a 2 S. So B sib linearfasiform, flexuose; the cellules at the basal angles mi > opaque ; fertile igen numerous, paraphysated. —“ From a ove on a hum- m rida,” ex herb. Gray. Metedrium? péndulum, n. sp. Diccious (2); stems 7’—8S! long, divided, divisions with distant branches, all filiform, pendulous and flexile ; what broad membrane ‘aere m bnceateragens™ hicog large ; pericheth small; vaginula emergen ly n.— Western Louisiana, Teinturier, Prof. Riddell. —A einai ener with thread- om stems and cael To p. 661. Mr ia Careyana, add :— Capsule oval, with a conspicuous col- lum, inclined, annulate ; cilia 3 the inner peristome nodulose ; operculum hem- ispherical-conic ; wailiaale 9 3!-4" high. —Brattleborough, Vermont, Frost. Hypnum palustre, L. (sce p. 671) has also been found, with the last, by Mr. Frost. 682 (82) HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) Orper 140. HEPATIC. (Liverworrs.) Moss-like plants, of a loose cellular texture, usually procumbent, and emit- ting rootlets from beneath; the calyptra not separating Srom the base, but usually rupturing at the apex; the capsule not opening by a lid, containing spores usually mixed with elaters (which are thin thread-like cells, contain- ing one or two spiral fibres). — Vegetation sometimes Srondose, i. e. the stem and leaves confluent into an expanded leaf-like mass; sometimes foliaceous, when the leaves are distinct from the stem as in true Mosses, entire or cleft, 2-ranked, and often with an imperfect or rudimentary row Compe on the under side of the stem. Reproductive organs of two viz. antheridia and pistillidia, much as in Mosses (p. 607), variously one sid. The matured pistillidium forms the capsule, which is immersed in or sessile upon the frond, or borne on a long cellular pedicel, or attached to the under side of disk-like peduncled receptacles, and dehisces y irregular openings, by revolute segments at its apex, or lengthwise by 2-4 valves: a columella is rarely present. The perianth is a tubular organ (sometimes absent), enclosing the calyptra, which is always present, and includes the pistillidium. Surrounding the perianth is the involucre (occasionally wanting), also a tubular organ, or leaves of particu- lar forms. The antheridia in the foliaceous species are situated in the axils of perigonial leaves; in the frondose species, scattered within the substance, or sessile upon the surface of the frond, or immersed in sessile or peduncled disk-like receptacles. Artificial Analysis of the Genera. I. Vegetation frondose (stem and leaves confluent in a frond). corer and columella wanting. 1. RICCIA. Capsule yalveless, globular, immersed in the frond. Inyolucre none. 2. SPHAEROCARPUS. Capsule ena globular, sessile on the frond. Involucre sessile. Elaters none, or imperfect : columella present. 8. ANTHOCEROS. Capsule 2-valved, eimatteee fel Hinens, pedicelled. 4. NOTOTHYLAS. il the frond ae ati Ua Feet + Capsule irregularly, nearly sessile. Fertile receptacle peduncicd. Fertile receptacle 8 —10- le 4-5 ribbed. ‘ertile é 8. FEGATELLA. Fertile receptacle co 9. REBOULIA. Fertile receptacle rarer 4-5 lobed ; the lobes acu’ 10. GRIMALDIA. Fertile receptacle conical-hemisph — . se lobed ; ‘the ooh truncate, ulate 12. PLAGIOCHASMA. Fertile receptacle minute, 2 - ea enc by we ascending in- olucres. + + Capsule opening regularly by 4 valves, pedicelled. 13. METZGERIA. ra P = deo es 4446 Q HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) (83) 683 14. ANEURA. Frond wean a ar bearing the fruit swan am= near the margin. EETZIA. Fro g fruit 0 upper side. 16. PELLIA. Fr hawt ithout a definite midrib ine do af 17. BLASIA. Frond with idrib, bearing tl it II. Vegetation foliaceous (leaves and stem distinct). * Leaves succubous, i. e. the apex of each leaf lying under the base of the succeeding leaf. ) 18. FOSSOMBRONIA. Perianth campanulate ; its mouth wide, undulate. 19. GEOCALYX. Perian = none: inyolucre fleshy, becoming subterranean. CYPHUS. ‘eam th obovate, 2-8 lobed. Calyptra chart: 8 beldiiientie erianth fusiform, ith th . LOPHOCOLEA. aera — d, triangular ; the lobes crest-toothed. gator ry ETIS. Perianth triangular at the apex ; ticulate. UNGERMANNIA. Perianth tubular ; its mouth contracted, denticulate. + + Amphigastria absent. 25. SCAPANIA. Perianth compressed parallel to the stem, truneate. Leaves 2-lobed. 26. PLAGIOCHILA. Perianth compressed contrary to the stem. Leaves not 2-lobed. 27. SARCOSCYPHUS. a Be and involuecre united. Leaves 2-lobed. 28. GYMNOMITRIUM. Perian sa Leaves 2-lobed. » = leaves incobous, 1. e. th ik sana * bike phigastria present (except in No. 82). complicate -2-lobed. 29. FRULLANIA, — — ei rae esse — ™ a aia? lei 30. LEJEUNIA. 81. MADOTHECA. | ‘Perianth compel 2 ipped. RADULA. phigastria absent. 33. PTILIDIUM. Perianth terete. Fey and amphigastria ciliate. + + Leaves not See 2-lobed. 84. SENDTNERA. Perianth 3- or 6-angular ; its mou ae dane Leaves 5 ~ 6-cleft. 85. TRICHOCOLEA. Perianth none. Leaves perenne 36. MASTIGOBRYUM. Perianth triangular. Stems eee ani = LEPIDOZIA. 8-plaited ; its mouth denticulate. 38. CALYPOGEIA. Perianth none. Involuere fleshy, subterranean. Susorper lL BICCIACEZ. Terrestrial or aquatic, frondose little annuals, with the fruit immersed in the frond, or sessile upon it. No perianth nor elaters. Capsule sessile, bursting irregularly. RICCIA, Mich. Froarinc Liverworr. (Tab. VL) Fruit immersed in the frond. Involucre none. Calyptra coherent with the globose capsule, and crowned with the persistent style. Spores angular. rescence monccious or dicecious: antheridia imbedded in the frond. iamed after Ricci, an Italian botanist.) « Frond without air-cavities : terrestrial. 1. BR. glaistea, L. Frond somewhat stellate-lobed ; its divisions linear- obovate, emarginate-lobed, channelled, dotted, glaucous, membranaceous along the margin. —On moist ground. (Eu.) 684 (84) HEPATICEZ. (LIVERWORTS.) 2. KR. Beyrichiana, Hampe. Frond oblong-linear, thickened and bi- ar at the vc coord channelled above, dark purple beneath; the margins entire, asce — Tennessee. 3. R. aves, Fic, Frond suborbicular, pale-green; its divisions : Sea walla, 2-lobed at the apex ; lobes sp ‘ee dotted, — — ae purplish beneath, the apap margins ascending. — “ North America.’ (G. L. § N. Syn. Hepat. p * * Frond with cag air-cavities : terrestrial or aquatic, L. Frond inversely heart-shaped, channelled above (3/'- Pe jeden aaa beneath with no ndent rootlets in the form of linear-lan- ceolate, serrate, purple fringes ; capsules in two rows, lengthwise of the frond. — Floating on the surface of ieasedark water. (Tab. VI.) (Eu.) s, L. Frond radiately expanding (1/ or more in diameter) ; dviicns narrowly ree eh eae forking, nearly membranaceous ; at the apex thickened, emargina cavernous ; capsule protuberant from the lower surface of the frond. aia ting on stagnant water. (Eu.) 6. BR. lutéscens, Schwein. Frond che maa n, orbicular, 1/-—14/ in di- ameter ; the divisions 6-8, linear, 2-3 times forking, aamneie’ above, obcor- date at the Pegreny thickened, with whitish obli acral and appressed scales benea’ n the ground, mea of ponds, &c.— Fruit unknown. — (Sulliv. in ‘ten. ines Acad. n. ser. 4, p. 176, t. 4.) crystallima, L. Frond orbicular, 4/’/-6! in diameter ; its di- visions obcordate or linear-bifid, the margins subcren: ate, the surface broken up by deep pits, ora with the air-cavities. Damp ground. — Fruits abundantly. (R. v a, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 149, is founded si sterile fronds of No. 6, aie fertile Neue z No.7.) (Eu.) 2. SPH ZROCARPUWS, Mich. Rovnp-neapep Liverwort. = be VE} Involucre sessile upon and continuous with the frond, obtusely conical or pyriform, perforated at the apex, l-fruited. Capsule globose, closely invested by the calyptra. Spores round, muriculate. (Antheridia in folliculose bodies on the surface ‘of separate fronds. Wilson.) (Name composed of oaipos, a sphere, and xaprds, fruit.) : sir aaa Bellardi. Frond orbicular, 3/’/-6" in diameter, lobed, the numerous aggregated inflated involucres, which are ied - res and 4-5 times larger than the capsules. (S. terrestris of authors.) — Cultivated fields, South Carolina, Curtis, Ravenel. (Tab. VI.) (Eu. Sunorprr Il. ANTHOCEROTE. Terrestrial, frondose annuals, with the fruit protruded from the upper surface of the frond. Perianth none. Capsule pod-like, mostly 1-2- valved. Columella filiform. Elaters none or imperfect. HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) (85) 685 3. ANTHOCEROS, Mich. Hornep Liverworr. (Tab. VL) Involucre tubular. Calyptra conical, with a,subsessile stigma. Caps arrowly linear, siliqueeform, 2-valved, exsertly- pediée elled. Spores muriculate. antheridia dorsal, sessile in a cup-shaped involucre.— Frond orbicular-radiate, lacerate, with immersed gemme as in Notothylas. (Name formed of avOos, eo and képas, a horn; from the shape of the involucre.) . A. punctatus, L. Frond deep green, 5-8" in diameter, margins die, crenate, tite surface papulose-reticulated ; involucre erect, cylindrical, with a scarious ne obliquely truncate mouth. — Wet slopes, sides of ditches, &e. (Eu.) I . L. Larger than the preceding species ; surface of frond hetoth,; ck “of the involucre more broadly scarious. — In similar places. (Tab. VL.) (Eu.) 3. A. Lacimiatus, Schwein. A still larger species ; e frond more la- ciniated, its surface smooth: distinguished from No. 1 “ons 2 mainly by th bilobed mouth of its. involucre. ise gravelly places, Southern States : uk ing patches a foot or more in 4. NOTOTHYLAS, Sulliv. (Tab. VI.) Involucre a protusion of a portion of the upper stratum of the frond, opening irregularly at the apex. Calyptra vanishing early. Capsule closely invested by the involucre, rapt en tents subcompressed or ovate-cylindrical, slightly pedicelled, either 2-valved from the apex "half “way down, or rupturing irregu- larly. Columella linear. rier wanting. Spores roundish, smooth. Inflo- ious : idia i d.— Frond orbi rescence moncecious a immersed in the fro orbicular, laciniate, papulose-reticulated, undulate-crisped at the margin, and with dar! m scattered within its substance. (Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 3, p- . 4, (Name formed of véros, the back, and budds, a purse or bag ; from a pie: of the involucre and its position on the back of the frond.) ie vay salvar: sige — Wier “pi —s myauere horizontal-elon- d, tap l-incurved, 2-valved bei a dark- sotored suture ; ports ns light ai paarg brown. (Muse. Alleghan. No. 289.) — Moist ground, Central Ohio. 2. N. melanéspora, Sulliv. Capsule often rie any suture ; colu- mella with short hooked appendages; spores dark sesh larger than in the preceding, which in other respects it resembles. — Gro in similar localities. (Muse. All No. 290.) 3. N. ularis, Schwein., noel ve herd nearly erect; capsule anug daa subecompressed, t ent or obscure : somewhat smaller than the others. —On the silieidt a thoats Carolina, Schweinitz: Penn- sylvania, Lesquereux. 58 686 (86) HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.) Susorper Il. MARCHANTIACE®. Frondose and terrestrial perennials, furnished beneath with imbricating colored scales, and numerous tubular radicels tuberculate within ; recepta- cle raised on a peduncle springing from the apex of the frond (also from ~ back, in No. 12), capitate or radiate, bearing from the under side pen- nt calyptrate capsules which open variously, but are not regularly Peay elaters with two spiral fibres. 5. MARCHANTIA, L. Broox-Liverworr. (Tab. VL) ertile rece e radiated. Involucres alternate with the rays, 2-valved,” lacerate ; enclosing 3-6 one-fruited 4-5-cleft perianths. Calyptra . oe at e glo le at the apex by several revolute segments. Spores smooth. Elaters long, slen- der, and attenuated at each end. Inflorescence dimcious. Sterile receptacle peduncled, shield-like, lobed or rayed, papillose on the upper surface by the s its of the immersed antheridia. Lentil-shaped gemme in cup-like receptacles on the back of the frond. Frond expanded, forking, with a broad diffused mid- rib. (Named after Nicholas Marchant, a French botanist.) ed polymérpha, L. Fertile receptacle deeply divided in a star-like ; the rays 8-10, terete.—Shaded and moist places; very common. (Tab. VL) (Eu.) - disjiimecta, Sulliv. (Mem. Amer. Acad. 1. c. p. 63, t. 3.) Fertile spespiecls }-circular, radiate mae 9-lobed; the lobes cuneate, crenulate on the outer margin; sterile coe digitately lobed: about the size of No. 1.— Springy places, banks of the Alabama River, near Clairbourne : fruiting in May. ‘mai 6. ietene pomigi Nees. (Tab. VI.) Fertile receptacle hemispherical, 2-4-lobed, with as many rib-like rays alter- anulate gal. inane large, pedicelled este by 4-5 revolute segments. Spores berculate. Elaters short. Inflorescence diccious, rarely moncecious. An- cae paarrere in a peduncled peltate receptacle. Frond sparingly forked, increasing ii joints from the apex. (Named f ‘or L. Preiss, a German botanist.) 1. P. commiutata, Nees. Fertile scascos prea angled by the prominent npc like rays ; conspicuous. urple. —§ places, Niagara Falls (Carey), Lake Superior ie Ph (Tab. VI.) (Eu.) 7 DUMORTIERA, Nees. Harry Liverworr. (Tab. VL) Fertile receptacle convex, 2-8-lobed. Involucre 1-fruited, opposite to and connate with the lower surface of the lobes, horizontal, oblong, opening by a vertical slit at the outer extremity. Perianth none. Calyptra obovate, rupturing HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) (87) 687 at the apex, persistent. Capsule oblong- eres dehiscing by 4-6 irregular valves ; pedicel ae Spores muriculate. Ela very long, attenuated at h end. Antheridia immersed in Aeokcwaa disk-like receptacles. (Named fo en. B.:. 0. “Taso a Belgian botanist.) 1. D. hirstita, Nees. Dicecious ; frond 4/—6! long, 6!-10! wide, fork- re thin, deep green; fertile receptacle and involucres and margin of the male > woltiiielie chaffy at the apex.—Faces of rocks, Southern State ous ms of our Marchantiex : fruit rare. (Tab. VI. 8. reese Raddi. Grear Liverworr. (Tab. VI.) Fertil tacl it Involucres 5-8, tubu- lar, 1-fruited, opened from the apex of the peduncle, coherent with the inte- rior surface of the receptacle, and with each other, opening at the lower end by aslit. Perianth none. Calyptra gma bell-shaped, ra 4 lobed at the apex. Capsule oblong-pyriform, dehiscing by 5-8 revolute segments, deciduous with re sho rt pedicel. Spores muriculate. eas short and thick. Inflorescence ious. Antheridia immersed in sessile oval disks, near the yee of the frond. bal forking, conspicuously reticulated, with a narrow distin A personal name.) énica, Corda. Fronds 3! -6! long, 5! - 9" wide. — Springy pl pee the largest of our Hepatic : seldom seen in fruit. (Tab. VI.) (ka. ) 9 REBOUWLIA, Raddi. (Tab, VI.) Fertile receptacle serene ec or flattened, 4-5-lobed. Involucres 4-5, 1-fruited, re and coherent with the lobes on the under side, 2- valved. Perianth non pirate minute, lacerate, persistent at the base of the capsule. Capsule cox, nearly sessile, rupturing irregularly at the sie Spores muricate. Elat erately long. Inflorescence moneecious. An ridia immersed in sessile sents oe Frond rigid ; the midrib bean: strong, and distinct. (Named for £. , an Italian botanist.) Raddi. Frond king, and increasing by joints base and apex ; fertile rec ae papillose on the summit. shady moist places. (Tab. VI u.) 9. RB. microcéphala, Taylor. Distinguished from the preceding (of veh it may be a form) by the more delicate texture of the frond, and by the rv size of all its parts, except the peduncle, which is bide, long (3! -4'), with Sisciee pale at its base and apex. — Pennsylvania, Lesquer 10. GRIMALDIA, Raddi. (Tab. VII) hemispherical or conoidal, 3-4-lobed. Invo lucres 3-4, each a distention of an entire lobe of the receptacle, and opening by a cleft below, 1-fruited. Perianth none. Capsule globose, filling the in nyolucre, dehis- cing by a circumcissile line near the middle. Calyptra pe: rsistent at the base of the capsule. Spores rugose, with a transparent border. Moneecious or dice- i 688 (88) HEPATICA. (LIVERWORTS.) d in imbedded disks at th f the firm and rigid Keslea frond. ied for D. Grimaldi, an Italian hotuntizt. ) . barbifrons, Bischoff. Stems lin HEY ROM 3!'- 6! long, subdichotomous, 2-lobed at the apex, reverts: and pale green above, with whitish pores visible to the naked eye, — e beneath ; * pt ee palea- ceous at its base and apex; moncecious; staminate disks obcordate. — Iowa, Dr. Hor. (Tab. VII.) (Eu.) 2. G. séssilis, n.sp. Agrees with the i appt that it is one smaller; the pores of the frond not visible ; ile receptacle (the ca sule being fully mature) sessile, and entirely ansaid oe a dense mass of p plish pales ; antheridia not seen. — Texas, C. Wright. 11. FIMBRIARIA, Nees. Satu Lrverworr. (Tab. VL) Fertile receptacle hemispherical, concerns beneath, expanded at the margin in- tion splitting lengthwise into 8-12 — — dummies fear Calyp- ious. p glo cing by an irreg-- ular circumcissile line near the middle. en imurieste. Gin rather short. Inflorescence oo theridia immersed in the substance of the frond, not collected into disks. Frond much thickened in the middle, with a keel-like midrib. (Name 2 ein pret a fringe, alluding to the perianth.) €,2 i; tenélia, Nee rond eclongated-wedge-shaped, nearly ne na eg at the end ‘6"- 10" sai 2!-4! wide), green above, purple on the margins and underneath. (F. mollis, Tay.) — Alleghany Mountains, in pres places. (Tab. 2. F. paste Spreng. Much smaller than No. 1: remarkable for the very prominent papille of the fertile receptacle ; the lobes of the perianth co- hering at the apex into a short tube. — Tex as, C. Wright. (Eu.) 12. PLAGIOCHASMA, Lehn. & Lindenb. (Tab. VL) Fertile receptacle arising from the back of the frond, deeply 2—4-lobed ; lobes ascending. Involucres very large, oe erect, 1-fruited, oppo- site to and concealing the minute lobes, 2-valved, dehiscing by a vertical slit. Perianth izontal rugose membrane. Elaters of medium length. Antheridia immersed in sessile disks at the end or in the middle of the frond. Frond rigid, thick. (Name composed of #Adytos, placed sideways, and xacpa, a chasm, referring to the lat- eral dehiscence of the involucre.) 1. P. Wrightii, n. sp. Frond 5/-10" long, 1}! -2"' broad, continuous at the apex, glaucous above, with dark p urple scales beneath, the margins cren- ulate, ascending, convolute; involucres usually three; peduncle scarcely one line high, paleaceous at the apex and base. — Under overhanging rocks, along streams; Texas, C. Wright. (Tab. VI.) HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) (89) 689 Suporper IV. JUNGERMANNIACEZ. Scare-Mosses. Either frondose or foliaceous: leaves when distinct 2-ranked, and often with a third row of smaller ones (amphigastria) on the under side of the stem. Capsule on a cellular pedicel, dehiscent lengthwise into 4 valves I. Vegetation frondose (stem and leaves confluent in a frond). 13. METZGERIA, Raddi. (Tab. VIL) ertile fructification arising from the lower surface of the midrib of the frond. Involucre 1-leaved, scale-like, at length ventricose and 2-lobed. Perianth none. Calyptra ascending, oblong-obovate, rather fleshy. —— — an ith one spiral fibre, adherent to the tip of the valves. Inflore antheridia 1-3, enclosed by a 1-leaved involucre on the under side of the mid- Ovate gemme aggregated on the attenuated tips of the linear frond: mid- “ib distinct. * Ontarned for J. Metzger, a German botanist.) 1. Mi. furcata, Nees. Fronds linear, thin and membranaceous, forking or proliferous, with white pellucid hairs on the margins, and benea th on the midrib; calyptra hispid. — Hilly districts, on rocks and the bark of trees. (Tab. VIL) (Eu.) 2, M. pubéscens, Raddi. Larger than the last, pubescent on both surfaces. — natin localities. (Eu.) 14. ANEUWRA, Dumortier. (Tab. VIL) ructification arising from the under side near the margin of the frond. In- yolucre cup-shaped, very short and lacerate, or none. Perianth none. Calyp- cine rescence dicecious. Antheridia immersed iti the upper surface of receptacles proceeding from the margin of the frond; which is fleshy and destitute of a midrib (whence the name, from a privative, and vedpov, a nerve) 1. Ae SéSSilis, Sprengel? Fronds irregularly lobed (1'- 2! long, 3-5" wide) ; involucre none; calyptra papillose at the apex; pedicel 9’-12!' long, sometimes folded upon itself and remaining within the calyptra, thus makin eras, Ohio; rare as high as lat. 40; very common in the Southe tates. — may not be Sprengel’s plant, the leaves of which are descri tall i having large oblong areol, and the calyptra as being smooth. (Tab. VIL.) 2. A. pimguis, Dumort. Much like the last; frond more linear and ie involucre short and lacerate; sterile seomaticias 2-lobed, lobes obtuse. hagnum, in the Southern States (Schweinitz) ; and in Ohio. Fruit + palmata, Nees. Fronds ustally crowded (2"-3" high), ager ‘- tie palmately — oe divis ae saeasag som cepmng y; as oe &c. ; common. as 58* 690 (90) HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) 4. A. multifida, Dumort. Fronds prostrate, 2-pinnately divided; the divisions linear, narrow ; whole plant brownish-green.— Alleghany Mountains, on moist, rocky banks. u.) 15. STEETZIA, Lehm. (Tab. VL) Involucre at first terminal, arising from the midrib of the frond, at length by the growth of the frond dorsal, cup-shaped, short, lacerate. Perianth elongated- tubular; the mouth denticulate. Calyptra equalling the perianth, irregularly torn at the apex. Capsule oval. Elaters filiform, free, with two fibres. . Inflo- rescence dicecious. Antheridia dorsal on the midrib, covered by minute fimbri- ated perigonial leaves. Frond with a distinct midrib. (Named for Dr. J. Steetz, a German botanist.) 1. S. Lyéllii, Lehm. Frond simple or 2-cleft, delicate in texture, oblong- aa the margin slightly waved, entire or obscurely serrate (1/—4! long, 3! - ' wide). — On the ground, in wet or springy places. (Tab. VI.) (Eu.) 16. PELLIA, Raddi. (Tab. VIL) Fructification proceeding from the back of the frond near the apex. Invo cre cup-shaped, short; the margin lacerate. Perianth none. Calyptra ie cen : immersed in the upper surface of the broad indeterminate midrib of the frond. (A son name.) 1. P. epiphyla, Nees. Frond rather membranaceous, sparingly di- omg its ; ais oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped, repand-lobed ; calyptra exse — Moist, shady places, on the ground, forming patches 2°-3° broad eae — (Eu.) 17. BLASIA, Mich. (Tab. VIL) Fructification in an oval cavity in the midrib of the frond. Involucre none. Perianth a fusiform utricle, vanishing early. Calyptra obovate. Capsule oval- fea theridia im glo i ear its apex. mersed in the md and covered by dentate scales. Gemme globose, issuing by a me as- ir large flask-like ‘ieicton, which are immersed i frond. (A personal name.) . B. pusilla, L. Frond 7-12" long, 2-3! wide, linear-obovate, ae or forked, or stellately expanded, the margins. — sinuous. — the ground, sides of ditches, &c., New York. (Tab -) (Eu. II. Vegetation foliaceous (i. e. leaves and stem distinct). * Leaves succubous ; the apex of each leaf lying under the base of the next. 18. FOSSOMBRONIA, Raddi. (Tab. VIL) Perianth terminal, or by innovation dorsal on the main stem, subcampanulate ; the mouth large, crenate-lobed. Involucral leaves 5-6, minute, subulate, co- HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) ~ (91) 691 herent with the perianth. Calyptra pear-shaped, rupturing early. Capsule glo- bose, irregularly 4-valved. laters short, containing two or three Are fibres. - Antheridia naked, borne on the back of the stem, which is prostrate, and either simple or forked, with somewhat quadrate 3-5 -lobed dutttite flaccid leaves. (A personal name. 1. FE. pusilla, Nees. Stem 6-10" long, thick ; ona conspicuous, — Moist places on the ground: mostly Southern. (Tab. VII.) (Eu.) 19. GEOCALYX, Nees.. (Tab. VIL.) Perianth none. Involucre oblong, saccate, truncate, fleshy, attached by one side of its mouth to the stem, pendent. yptra membranaccous, partly con- nate with the involucre. Capsule oblong. Elaters with two spiral fibres. An- theridia on = lateral visto in the axils of small perigonial jeaves. (Name formed of yéa, the earth, and x ddvé, flower-cup; from the fructification becoming subterranean. ) 1. G. gravéolens, Nee Leaves ovate-quadrate, 2-toothed (light- stir amphigastria oval- Pais 2-cleft to the middle; perianth subterra- n the ground, rotten logs, &e. (Tab. VII.) ) 20. CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda. (Tab, VIL) Fructification terminal upon a short lateral branch. Involucral leaves 2-6, different from and smaller than the stem-leaves. Perianth usually short, deeply 2-3- globose, or somewhat club-shaped, slightly chartaceous, often longer than the perianth, rupturing irregularl ex. Capsul Elaters with two spiral fibres. Perigonial leaves like the ca’ ine, concealing an- theridia in their saccate dorsal bases. Stem-leaves were on the back of the stem; rootlets proceeding only from the base of the deeply 2-cleft amphigastria. (Name formed of xiAds, herbage, and oxvdos, cup; in allusion to the herba- ceous calyptra 6 1. C. polyamthos, Corda. Stems procumbent; leaves ovate-quadrate ; involucral ah 2, Sy My cere perianth 3-lobed, the lobes short ail nearly entire. — Rocks, 9. C. ascéndens, Hook. & Wils. Stems prostrate; leaves ascending, ee a slightly emarginate; involucral leaves 2, two-cleft ; perianth 2~3-lobed ; the lobes long and irregularly lacerate-toothed. (C. labiatus, Taylor.) —On rotten logs, &e.—A large species, with pale-green foliage. (Tab. VIL.) 3. C. Drumm 6ndii, Tay!. (in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1846.) Densely ceespi- tose; stems branching, prostrate (the Semaine ones RMN attenuated) ; ; leaves erect-patent, oblong, 2-cleft ; te, connate the adjacent pair of leaves; perianth oie. Statice, thd aa subcompressed at the mouth, come at the ventral base, greens on short naked branches ; volucral leaves 3 - 4, laciniate, scalelike: a small species.— “Bark of trees, oe Asa Deke 692 (92) HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) 21. PLEURANTHE, Tayl. (Tab. VIL) Fructification lateral. Thvolneral leayes 3, minute, scale-like, 2-—3-cleft. at its apex. Canis onal latins with : ‘pial fibres. Antheridi etlnowa. Leaves 2-lobed or emarginate. Amphigastria lanceolate, entire. (Name from va ae the side, and avOés, a flower; the perianth being lateral. . P. olivacea, Tayl. Grows in close olive-green ma ms creep- ing, ata “le mostly simple, rooting profusely; leaves rend obi up- und; pedicel 4/’~5!’ high: a small species, the perianth dispropor. ee aid — North America, Drummond. (Tab. VIL.) \ 22. LOPHOCOLEA, Nees. (Tab. VIL) Fructification terminal on the main stem or primary branches. Involucral leaves 2-4, large. Perianth tubular below, acutely 3-angular above, 3-lobed ; obe: leaves decurrent on the dorsal side of ihe. stem, Seney 2-several-cleft at the apex. phigastria ivided ; the di ess incised. (Name composed of ee a crest, and KoNeds, a staat fiden the crested calyptra.) Vs - bid sega: Nees. Stems (1/-2! long) prostrate, sparsely branched; th leaves pale green, drip oleniaile r, ethno 2-toothed at the apex; the teet! oblique, acute, with a crescent-like sinus ; amphigastria minute, aoa 4-cleft, the segments entire. — Moist places, asst Mosses, (Eu.) 2. L. hetero ophfila, Nees. Stems much areca newest = ovate, siasiandeane: semi-vertical, entire, retuse, and b amphigastria large, 2-cleft, the segments slightly aati —On pam ie ea and among Mosses. (Tab. VIL.) 23. SPHAGNCCETIS, Nees. Pear Scate-Moss. (Tab. VII) Fructification terminal, upon a short proper branch arising from the ventral side of the stem. Involucral leaves small, few, incised. Perianth ascending, jew é Stems furnished with runner-like rootlets. (Name composed of =pdyvos, Pai Moss, and xorris, a little bed ; from its place of growth.) 1. S. commaiimis, Nees. Stems creeping; leaves elliptical-orbicular, entire, sand (Jungermannia Sphagni of authors.) Upon moss and de- yed wood. (Tab. VIII.) } HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.) (93) 693 24. JUNGERMANNIA, L._ Scare-Moss. (Tab. VIIL) Fructification terminal on the main stem, or on a short branch. Involucral leaves free, like or unlike the stem-leaves. Perianth tubular, more or less an- gled; the mouth laciniate. Calyptra included, rarely projecting. Capsule globose or oval. Elaters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia in the base of in- flated perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves entire, or 2— many-lobed. (Dedicated to Jungermann, a German botanist of the 17th century.) Leaves and amphigastria alike, Wi 4-parted. 1. J. ies et I. Stems flaccid, branched; leaves and amphi- tria 3-4-parted; the divisions straight, sreing bristle-form, each com- posed of a single row of tubular cells ; fruit-bearing branch len: witieadd perianth nearly cylindrical, contracted and toothed at the mouth. —Decayed wood, &e. — A minute, pale-colored species. (Eu.) 2. J. seti&tcea, Weber. Leaves and amphigastria 2- 3-cleft; the divis- ions incurved, each composed of two rows of cells; fruit-bearing branch short ; mouth of perianth ciliate. — On the ground, &c.— — Smaller than No. 1, colored. (Eu.) % * Leaves 2-cleft or (from No. 7- stat el amphigastria none, except in No. 3. J. connivens, Dickson. mann eh flexuous; leaves nearly orbicular, with a broad decurrent base, distant, a little wider than the stem, 2- cleft to 4 or $ of their tart the sinus obtuse; segments acute, connivent; areolation Targe; involucral leaves 3—5-cleft; perianth slender, the mouth lacerate-ciliate. — On rotten aha Tab. nahi (Eu. 4. J. curvifolia, D Fruit-bearing branch short; stems creep- ing; leaves imbricated, Freese nearly orbicular, inflated at the ventral base, lunately =i, e segments long-linear, inflexed ; involucral leaves erect, 2-3-cleft, serrate; perianth narrow, plaited-triangular, the mouth denticulate. — Rotten logs, “ (Eu. 5. J. bicuspidata, L. Fruit-bearing branch short; stems loose, pro- cumbent ; leaves distant or crowded, half vertical, ovate, a ttle wider than the stem, 2-cleft to the middle, the sinus obtuse; segments acute; involucral leaves spreading at the apex, 2-5-cleft, Di ee perianth elongated, the mouth denticulate.—A small and common spec (Eu.) J. divaricata, Engl. Bot. Fruit-bearing branch elongated ; stems i mem! and on decayed woods. —A minute, dark green species. (Eu ts — setiférmis, Ehrhart. Stems erect or ascending, an and, with the , terete-sulcate; leaves toothed at the base, 3-4-cleft; the lobes chan- coe ovate-chlong, acute ; amphigastria spe Suabrs at the base, deeply 2-cleft, with lanceolate segments ; peri laited. — Alpine regions of the White Mountains, Oakes. (Eu.) 694 (94) HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) 8. J. barbata, Schreber. Stems procumbent, sparingly branched ; leaves Prsind inter cs 3—5-lobed, the sinuses obtuse and undulate; lobes obtuse, acute, or mucronulate, variously directed ; amphigastria (when present) broad entire or 2-toothed ; perianth angularly plaited to near the apex, the mouth den- ticulate. — Hilly eteies: on the ground, rocks, &c.: variable. (Eu.) 9. J. Fi Wikicacitesie: Weber. Stems ascending, flexuous by repeated inno- vations from below the s sree leaves crowded, erect-spreading, rather saccate at base and quadrate, 2-cleft, ; the lobes acute, incurved; ex- terior involucral leaves mmnid serrulate, the inner smaller; perianth oval, rather club-shaped, the obtuse apex plete, the mouth fringed. — Alleghany Moun- ins. oe u.) 0. J. imcisa, Schrader. Stems prostrate, thick, rather re rooting co- piously ; ikaves densely cowde, somewhat quadrate, waved, 2-6-cleft, the segments unequal; periant r obovate, the mouth piaiiea, denticulate. — Damp, shaded places, on Wales wi — A small, pale green species. (Eu.) 1. J. intermé €dia, Lindenberg. Stems prostrate, almost simple ; leaves roun roa omine e 2-cleft; the upper ones crowded into s,and 3-4-cleft ; involucral leaves 3—4-cleft, slightly serrate, connate at the ast perianth short, Sia iti r, the mouth plaited, denticulate.— On the ground.—A small species. (Eu.) * * * Leaves nearly orbicular, undivided ; amphigastria different or obsolete. 12. J. scutata, Weber. Stems procumbent; leaves half vertical, emar- ginate-2-toothed ; the teeth straight and acute; involucral leaves 2~3-toothed ; amphigastria large, ovate-triangular, 1 -2-toothed on the margin near the bases perianth obovate, the mouth plaited, denticulate.— Old logs, &e.— A minute species. (Eu.) 13. J. Schradéri, Martius. Stems creeping, flexuous; leaves elliptical- orbicular, ascending ; outer involucral leaves large, elongated, entire or emargi- nate, spreading at the tens the inner omens more or less laciniated ; amphi- gastria obsolete; perianth oval-obovate; the mouth plaited-lobed, its lobes iliate. (J. ii Miche. pesado logs, &c.; common. — Foli often dar! (Eu.) 14. J. say Hook. Stems erect, nearly simple; leaves orbicular, with | areole ; amphigastria broadly subulate ; perianth oval, compressed at the mouth, truncate and 2-lobed. —Bogs; moun untains of New England.— A large species, with purple foliage. (Enu.) 15. J. cremulata, Smith. Stems prostrate, branched ; leaves orbicular, ascending, those towards the perianth larger and bordered by large marginal cells ; perianth obovate, compressed-4-angled, the mouth much contracted, toothed. — Margins of ditches, Mobile, ‘Alsen. (Eu.) % * * * Leaves — aang (t. ¢. folded together): the involucral nth oblong, obtuse, plaited. 16. J. pairs aces iz ee ascending ; dorsal lobe of the leaves small, acute ; ventral lobe concave, acute or 2-toothed. — Boggy places, decayed wood, &e. (Eu.) HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) (95) 695 7. J. obtusifOlia, Hook. Stems ascending, simple ; lobes of the leaves ai g, obtuse or acute, ard micgicroate the ventral scymitar-shaped ; the cial: ‘mtinller, eae ry, hilly situations, on the ground. (Eu.) 18. ns, L. aad fears _e dorsal lobe of the leaf ovate, the ae ‘ea oblong-ovate, scymitar-shaped, both with a broad pellucid line in the middle; peri: uh 3 ‘seas e, cylindrical, the mouth plicate-dentate. — Moist banks, in hilly distri (Eu.) 25. ein Lindenberg. (Tab. te yP Antheridia in the angles of small and saccate equally 2-lobed perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves complicate -2-lobed ; the dorsal lobe smaller. Amphigastria none. sar probably from oxamdvy, a shovel; from the shape of the lobes of the es.) . S. memorosa, Nees. Stems ing, crowded; leaves ciliate- satis each lobe co eg obtuse ; the aici’ ta alias twice as as the other. — Common on moist banks, &c. — A variable species, }/ to 3’ long, pale yellow, green, or ieee texture of the leaf rather firm, (Eu.) 2. S undulata, Nees & Mon e. Leaves ciliate-denticulate or entire, except at the summit of the stem, where they are equal; of thin and flaccid tex- ture (green or purple.) — Mountainous districts. (Tab. VIII.) (Eu.) bre ra, Tayl. (in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1846.) Stems ascending ; leaves dentate, deeply 2-lobed, lobes rotund-triangular, the upper one much rianth narrow base surrounded by lanceolate, serrate scales; involucral leaves long as the perianth.— Near Philadelphia, Dr. Watson. 26. PLAGIOCHILA, Nees & Montagne. (Tab. VIIL) Fructification terminal or lateral. Involucral leaves 2, larger than the cauline. cate, entire or ciliate-toothed. Calyptra membranaccous. Capsule oval. Ela- ters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia covered by small and ventricose-imbri- cated perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves with the dorsal margin decurrent and re- flexed, often turned to one side (whence the name, from mAdy:os, sideways, and x'Ads, herbage). : * | Amplugastria none : orifice of the » Nees & Montagne. Stems creeping, the branches as- ‘cending ; leaves seals, oblique, spreading, sect as 2 the dorsal margin entire, the ventral and the apex spinulose-toothed ; perianth lateral. — Banks of rivulets, Alleghany Mountains. 2. P. asplenioides, Nees & Montagne. Leaves somewhat imbricated, th toothed ciate 696 (96) HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.) oblique, in rounded-obovate, entire or denticulate ; perianth terminal. — rows with No. Eu.) Amphigastria fugacious, 2-3-cleft. 3. Ps porelloides, ean Stems het * in aie wee ing ; the summit of the stem ececaeees: the others entire ; ‘perianth oblong, the mouth denticulate. — Among Mosses, at the base of trees in swamps. acréstoma, Sulliv. Stems prostrate, rooting copiously, eee? poeninhs not ascending ; ‘waving nearly oval, horizontal, entire or si repand ; perianth broadly obconic, the mouth compressed, margin re- d; amphigastria lanceolate, 2-3-cleft.— Moist banks and decayed logs, Ohio. (Tab. VIII.) 5. P. Ludoviciana, Sulliv. Main branches sap flexuons, spar- ingly ramulose ; — pe divergent, semi-ovate, 2—3-dentate at the apex, their ventra and forming two deasrag crest- at lines on the under side of the s stem, ibs dorsal margins reflexed and entire, the pare spinu- lose-dentate ; amphigastria deeply 2-3-cleft, re segments ciliate-dentate. — Bark of trees, Louisiana. . P. undata, Sulliv. Resembles the last; but is more rigid, with sim- 2 branches jambs horizontal, Seer baie payee: or sparing- , the dorsal he ventral repand- parce and’ acane crest-like lines a: as in No. 4; amphigastria 2-cleft, the seg- ments dentate. — Shaded rocky banks of the Savannah River, Georgia. 27. SARCOSCYPHUS, Corda. (Tab. VIL) Fructification terminal. oe leaves united nearly to the top into an pblong tube. Perianth 4-6-toothed, connate (except the teeth) with the inte- ce of the imal leaves. Calyptra membranaceous. Capsule glo- bose. laters with two spi bres. -Antheridia in the saccate base of perigo- nial leaves. Stems erect, producing from their base runner-like rootlets. Stem- leaves 2-lobed. Amphigastria none. (Name composed of odpé, flesh, and oxvdos, a cup; from the fleshy tubular involucre.) 1. S. Ehrharti, Corda. Leaves erect-spreading, rather quadrate, em- bracing the stem by the broad base; lobes obtuse. — On mountains, — Plant of a firm texture, dark green or brownish-purple. (Tab. VIL) 28. GYMNOMEITRIUM, Corda. (Tab. VIL) Fructification terminal. Involucral leaves 2-4, convolute,emarginate. Peri- anth none. Calyptra short. Capsule globose. Elaters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia obovate, axillary. Stem-leaves 2-lobed. Amphigastria none. (Name from yupvos, naked, and pirprov, a little cap ; the calyptra not covered by a sas 1. G. € innatum, Corda. Stems erect, filiform, mare Pi | branched ; ceria thickened at the apex, obtuse; leaves den cated, ovate, with a narrow membranaceous margin. — Alpine pe so a , White HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) (97) 697 Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes.—A small species, growing in compact masses, of a whitish or silvery hue. (Eu.) * * Leaves incubous; the apex of each leaf lying on the base of the next. 29. FRULLANIA, Raddi. (Tab. VIIL) Fructification terminal on proper branches. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, two- lobed, not auriculate. Perianth oval or obovate, terete or 3-4-angled, mucro- nate at the apex by a tubular mouth. Pistillidia 2 or 4. Calyptra pear. ar-shaped, persistent, rupturing below the apex. Capsule globular, 4-cleft half-way down. Elaters truncate at both ends, with one spiral fibre, adherent to the aipyp erect. Spores large, irregular, minutely muricate. Inflorescence dicecio the- a in the saccate base of closely BETES 2-lobed perigonial an Stem- leaves 2-lobed ; the lower lobe usually an inflated helmet-shaped appendage (au- ricle). Amphigastria entire or 2-toothed, prev out rootlets oo their base. e.) (A personal name 1. F. Grayama, Montagne. Stems creeping, simply pinnate ; leaves nearly odatan concave, decurved, marked in the middle by a necklace-form line; auricle oblonglub-shapet emarginate at the lower end; involucral leaves merece! 2-cleft; the dors al segment oblong, pointed, nearly entire, the ven ped; amphigastria oblong, flat, 2-cleft, the sinus obtuse ; perianth pear- aie: 3-sided, obtusely keeled beneath. — On trees and rocks ; frequent. — Fo- liage glossy, varying from deep purplish-brown to dark green, (Tab. VIL) 2. aie mnenriteh © Nees. meal No. As ene by its more rigid habi ; and differently shaped rene are with revolute margitis. — A variety only of this species is attribu to this country, with obtuse leaves, expanded pe and plane amphigastria. (G. L. & N. Syn. Hepat.) (Eu.) 3. F. Drumm 6ndii, Tayl. Stems sparingly branched ; leaves reddish, sis patent, oblong, obtuse ; auricles decurved ; amphigastria minute, pes bifid; ‘perianth ovate from a narro w base, retuse at the apex. — Bark of trees, Louisiana. — A small species. 4. F. Caroliniana, Sulliy. Stem 6! -12" long, rather wide, ee branched ; leaves closely imbricating, oval-rotund ; auricle small, elongated, dis- tant from the rept with a style interposed ; amphigastria caer double the width of the stem, bifid, its segments repand ; perianth py rm, plane above, obtusely sais beneath. — Trees, North Carolina, near the a 5. F. Hutchinsiz, Nees. Stems (1'-2' long, about 1’ broad) subpin- a branched; leaves dark olive-green verging on black, orate, wbiia wand amphi gastria roundish, plane, bifid, subserrate, tI ? > e-serrate ; vate, ae above, “keeled beneath. — On stones, in mountain rivulets of fea (Eu.) 6. ay Sick hens Lehm. —_ creeping, vaguely branched; leaves e sometimes nearly ovate, entire, concave, the auri expanded into a lamina; amphigastria panercnntns ‘double the width of the stem, 2-cleft ; peri- anth pear-shaped, rather tu keeled beneath, 2-4-kecled 698 (98) HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) on the back, the keels crested. (F. dilatata, Muse. Alleghan. No. 267, partly.) — Rocks and trees; common 7. EF. Eboracénsis, Lehm. Stems creeping, Bischebitey branched ; stem-leaves cae disposed eo ramcal imbricated), round-ovate ; amphigastri: ovate, a little wider than the stem ; perianth smooth, pearishaped; slightly. com- ressed and sere beneath chdaaely keeled and gibbous near the apex. (F. microscypha, leviscypha, & nana, Taylor.) — Bark of trees ; common Saxatilis, Lindenberg. Near the last, but separated = its pinnate- ly Deachehied and more rigid stems, more crowded leaves, much larger amphigas- tria, and shorter perianth. — Trees, Massachusetts. 9. F. plama, Sulliv. (in Mem. Amer. Acad. 1. c.) Resembles No. 7, but is a somewhat larger species; the pr ieee small, close to the stem, and covered by the plane rotund acutely bifid amphigastria, which are thrice e width of the stem; periant auaeeaet or nearly obovate, plane above, carinate beneath. — Rocks ; Hast Tennessee. 10. F. Otis, Nees. Not untike No. 8; leaves semi-vertical, subsquar- rose, ie shiedate; the atiricle ‘usually expanded into a lanceolate lamina; perianth un Grows in spongy masses on decayed logs, stumps, &c. ; common. 30. LEJEUNIA, Libert. (Tab. VIL) Fructification lateral or terinitial, on proper branches. Involucral leaves 2, deeply 2-lobed. Perianth oval or amie terete or angular, winged or ciliate- crested on the angles, the mouth 3-4-lobed ; pistillidium slug: Calyptra obo- vate, aa rupturing below the apex. Gaeit globose, membranaceous, pale, 4-cleft to the middle. laters persistent, adherent to the tips of the valves, erect, fia upper end mime seks with a single spiral fibre. Spores large, irregular. Infl icecious. ines heridis, vy Tha er branches, lodged in tl tricose k f imbricated 2-lol es. Amphigastria present. (Named for Lejeune, a French botanist. ) * Amphigastria entire. peata, Schweinitz. Stems (7//-10” long) procumbent, some- what Po ete branched; leaves (whitish-green, of a firm texture) with the iri lobe Toand-obovate and deflexed, the lower oblong, quadrate ; amphi- gas ts) » approximate ; perianth lateral, sessile, obovate, obtusely keeled on the bac 2-kecled beneath, the margin subcompressed. — Alleghany Mountains. (Tab. VIII.) 2. L. longiflora, Taylt Closely resembles the last species, but has 1 d a 5-winged perianth.— On trees, Southern Ohio to Florida. 3. L. calyculata, Tayl. Stems me branched ; leaves patent- recurved, asi obtuse, subdeflexed; the lower lobe i ‘pivdlats, lanceolate ; amphi nd; perianth ry, ates pleioomtr miei 4-winged, eghany the wings entire; involucral leayes narrow, acute. — On lichens Mountains. HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.) (99) 699 . L. cyelostipa, Tay]. Stems (5''-7" long) branched ; leaves pale green, patent-recurved, oblong, obtuse ; the lower lobe quadrate-ovate, involute, 1-toothed ; aah reniform-rotu oy perianth terminal, obcordate, com- pressed, plane above, ventricose-4 ented beneath, the wings ciliate, the cilia dentate ; seven leaves nearly covering the perianth. — Bark of trees, near Cincinnati, Ohio. 5. L. polyphylla, Tayl. Stems cxspitose (3!!-—4!! long) ; leaves olive- igas te, reniform ; perianth immersed, rotund-obovate, 5-6-angled near the apex, the angles dentate-crested. — Habitat same as the last. (We have not seen speci- ns of No. 3 and 5: the a are from Lond. Jour. Bot., 1846. -_La alata, Hook. & Wils. Grows in dark green patches ; stems sf he long ; es closely eas scymitar-shaped, complicate and some- what 2-lobed at the base; amphigastria obovate-rotund, emarginate ; perianth obova pisnenored ret of trees, Louisiana. 7. L. testudimea, Tayl. Stems 5-7" long; leaves whitish-green, very closely imbricating, gage a oblong, almost ce sgemse tent obtuse, complicate-2-lobed at the base ; the lobe small, lanceolate ; oe rotund, minute compared with the leaf. tuk of trees, Southern Ohio * Amphigastria 2-cleft, or obsolete 8. L. serpyllifelia, Libert. Stems vaguely branched ; leaves with the upper lobe roundish-ovate, convex ; the lower much smaller, obliquely ovate, in- volute; amphigastria rounded, 2-cleft, its a obtuse; perianth obovate, acutely 5-angled. — On moist rocks and trees, Alleghany Mountains. — A small pale-green species, with transparent and sau reticulated leaves. (Eu.) 9. L. cucullata, Nees. Stems filiform, rather sparse branched ; leaves oblong-ovate, distant, the lower margin ine xed-hooded ; amphigastria oval, 2-cleft; perianth obovate, rather compressed, apnea kesled beneath, convex on the back and 2-keeled near apex. (L. Tayl.) — Moist rocks, near the ground, Alleghany Mountains. — A aes “tnoel species, with light pea-green foliage. 10. ma, Dumort. Stem creeping, sparingly branched ; leaves verdes, subrotund, imperfectly 2-lobed, the lower lobe an indistinct fold ; amphigastria obsolete ; ee terminal, compressed, 5-angled; the mouth obtuse, one — Roots of trees. — Small as No. 9. (Eu.) 11. L. calearea, Libert. Stems loosely and divaricately branched ; leaves as, pointed, decurved, ‘cellulose-echinate, ‘inflexed at the base, saccate; epee oblong, 2-cleft; perianth pear-shaped, wi ith 5 crested wings. — On of hi very minute species, scarcely visible to the naked eye. (Eu.) 31. MADOTHECA, Dumorticr. Tree Scare-Moss. (Tab. VIL) Fructification lateral, nearly sessile. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, two-lobed, Perianth ovate, biconvex; the mouth 2-lipped, incised or entire. Calyptra glo- bose, persistent, rupbitiili below the apex. Capsule globose. laters free, at- 700 (100) HEPATICZ. (LIVERWORTS.) jeonaied at — sets with two spiral fibres. Spores large, rather angular. Antheridia in the saccate base of closely imbricated 2- jobiad Cae leaves. Stem-leaves deeply and unequally 2-lobed. Amphi- gastria large, decurrent. (Name formed of padds, bald, and Onn, capsule; the elaters falling away from the valves platyphylia, Dumort. Stems rp iti or ame SO; detent ‘ale of the leaf roundish-ovate, the basal margin more or less undulate ; the ventral lobe smaller, oblique, heart-oval, margins reflexed ; simphigas astria round-obovate with reflexed margins ; mouth of perianth nearly entire. — Trees and rocks, common; a large and variable species. (Tab. VIII.) (Eu 2. MI. porélia, Nees. Stems 2-3-pinn nate (ata! long), the forked branches divergent; leaves distantly placed; the dorsal lobe oblong-ovate, ob- se; the ventral much smaller, appressed to the stem, oblong, flat; amphi- gastria quadrate; mouth of the perianth crenulate.— Stones and roots of trees subject to inundation. (Eu.) taugénsis, (n. sp.) Much like No. 2, but a smaller and more ieilaaed cok pe ee fascicles ha rootlets springing from the base of the amphigastria, and t rsal lobe of the leaf slightly repand-dentate ; foliage light meatal: recep a gemmipsrous frond “with _— receptacles i ti gs rte e gem- m0; four spores and three laters ; two spores, and portion of an enter ; ‘edpaile de- owing the perian‘ Dancing; H a ipetion of se — in the end of the pepe afte f B. pusilla, - METZGERIA. — Plants (fertile, sl pi gemmiparous) ; a fertile aa enlarged ; the his- pid calyx with the two-lobed involucral leaf and part of the pedicel ; forked ends of the PG APN — a —*, beerrveen = a Latghewe of oo male dame. — : 3 two elaters, of M. furcata, Nees: after Hooker. * eared — Plant (portions me male and female) ; rtical section of the fleshy calyp FOSSOMBRONIA. — Plant ; and the same snaeed wri herent with pedicel, peri- anth, and involucral ene part of the stem, with tw and dorsal antheridi an antheridium ; rules ; and two caring of F. pt, Nees: after Hoo * GEOCALYX.— Plant ; part of the stem, with the i lly, showin, the calyptra and lower part of tas pedicel ; two pairs 6 of leaves, with the amphigas- tria ; portion of the stem, with one amphigastrium ; four valves of the capsule; two elaters ; and three spores, of G. Oe Nees. ] GRIMALDIA. — Plants (portions of ), male and female; end of a hp showing the pales th tion e same; capsule dehiscing by a circuméissile line; two elaters, and two spores, of G. tictiteeas: Bisch. : after Bischoff. * CHILOSCYPHUS.— Plant ; portion of the stem, with involucral ego a and pena tra; a pair of leaves with anthe: emaeor wrod orsal bases of the = been leaf and an amphi: um ; rsa iad na fone norm his , of C. Sent Yeh A Wils * PLEURANTHE. otra P f the st ee a part of Lapa and an amphi, th with i 1} d same cut vertically, iat calyptra ; capes with its four valves ; five sporen'; three elaters, and p: wt ofan later, of P. olivacea, Tayl. * LOPHOCOLEA.— Plant; p with its 1 with one leaf having in its dorsal base an antheridium the same with three pairs of nave and three amphigastria the mouth of the Seventy th ) d an elater, of L heterophylla, pre JUNGERMANNIA. — pe 3 portion of the stem with two tre pa of aie branch with in- yolucral leaves and perianth; an involucral leaf; tra; capsule with valyes closed ; same with gers spreading; an elater and oe sporules, of J. connivens, Dicks. : after Hooker. GYMN OMIT RIUM. Dinnta nhs £44 ‘ 241, +} 1 involucral leaves at pny Spex, pedicel, and capsule ; calyptca with tae of the nell: cel, the inyolucral leaves G, concinna- cut away ; and two involucral leaves, EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. (115) 737 SARCOSCYPHUS. ~Plant ; portion of the same pas stem, involucral ee and remgeie e pedicel ; involucral leayes and perianth opened so as to show the calyptra an lower part of pedicel ; cpa with its 4 mee an elater ‘ne Wo aaa of : Ehrharti, Corda: after Hooker. Tanec Vidi. SCAPANIA. — Plant; perianth, enclosing the calyptra and part of the pedicel, furnished at the base with saectineel leaves ; part of the stem with three leaves; two antheridia ; later and two spo: un ta after Hook * PLAGIOCHILA.—Plant; portion of the stem with five leayes; perianth, enclosing the al yptra and part of the _ edicel; piece < — _ an amphigastrium and radicles ; two antheridia; capsule ; , of P, macrostoma, Sulliv. SPHAGNCECETIS. — Plant ; por rtion se the stem with sis or five pairs of leaves, and a short bra: a clothed with involucral leave: aia anime e perianth ; Ss dasa’ leaf; the —— extremity 0 sibs branch, Ant eae at the apex ; me; porno communis, endl a i * ee — Plant; perianth bes capsule and fnvolucral regi soph ; _—— wee the “ae ridium ; a portion of the stem, with two pairs of eaves seen from above iar tae with two amphigastria viewed from below ; protabertte of the perianth ; des caine, and two spores, of L. clypeata, Schweinitz, # FRULLANIA. — Plant ; —— of the sake with two pairs of leaves seen from above ; the same, with the amp auriculz, viewed from beneath ; perianth and in. yolucral leaves ; cross-section of as perianth ; an involucral leaf; capsule ; two dikes and two spores, of F. Grayana, Mont. * senses — Plant ; gate of the stem, with a pair of leaves and an amphigastrium, seen eath ; portion of the ie plant, with four spikelets of perigonial Jenves, panic: ant saul: a gras perigonial leaf with its anthe ale an antheri um ; perianth, with inyolucral leaves and capsule; an elater and two spores, of M Dum eee at; ; portion of the stem with a pair of leaves; same with an amphigas- trium; perianth with i onbaecae leayes; a capsule ; an elater and two spores, of P. tila ie after Hoo! cae fanaa Plant tl f 1 , two amphigastria let ; ‘gti ion of a spikelet with its perigonial leaf ; n anthe’ ridiam capsule ; four epores and two elaters, of M. trilobatum, Nees: after Hooker, partly. conten sey — Plant; capsule ; sya spores ait an later, of T. “‘Tomentella, Nees: after Soaliiat SENDTNERA.— Plant; portion s stem with leaves and cemphignsto ; tubular man; peat perianth ; jan e€ ee of 8. j ain Nees: after Hooker. 7 Imvo.iucre; — Plant ; soins leaf detleaing an pathaetdtant ; ; an antheridium free; perianth with inyolucral leaves ; four spo: L. tans, Nees: after Hooker. capsule ter, 0! rep CAL! EIA. of stem with three leaves and two rooting : hairy involucre with the lower part of icel ; the same cut vertically, showing the calyptra ; capsule with its spiral valves ; an elater and two spores, of C. Tricho- Me 4 von Genera of Muser f 7 “t Genera of Muse. Seake canna aren ph i (| Sete aphis ote : Yrumemee, lytrichum oO g on atum Genera of ens er Qe % arlramio ai uxbawmere Genera 0} Musei ae { wa Bs aausee a0nea BESSa 2 Beoses Bntosthe ay) X | Phy scomitmum M, 4 mon ° t laet 4 Anacamptodon Fal, OTL " ideals d ron.ea s< a ie : sa ae Hee : eteodon 2 %, ii g oa : “oe ee ee Ne * = Re Sab, V Mats one J ( ernrera © era Earn TH errt Prete cen st se tee res na NT pe as: Gonera 0) Tepaticae a 38 Dteetzia $5 - ‘ oo E ’ r * % s iti #, ¥ ¥ . : 9 : : yenere oj dtepaticae Rss e dab. VII ny Jeombronia TEE Ee J c Se Yenerat of dep cutuc ce ania CoOnrs aN UU SOP Hi Kae “ne